There are a number of common home automation protocols that allow different devices to speak a common language. This is important because you may want to build your smart home with accessories from different manufacturers. However, you likely want to control them from a central app or voice assistant. For that to happen, the accessories need to communicate with each other.
This isn't going to be an ultimate guide to selecting the best protocol. Unfortunately, we can't tell you what is best because it all depends on what you want to do. However, we can help you understand each technology and what it does and doesn't do well. Understanding the different protocols will allow you to choose a hub to control your system while also making sure you have the opportunity to grow.
Ethernet is a wired communications standard that allows large quantities of data to be sent very quickly. It is the leading communications method for internet traffic. The Ethernet standard is maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Ethernet communications travel over physical cable made up of twisted pairs of wires. The maximum distance of a cable is limited to 328 feet (100 meters) and data transfer speeds are 1 Gbps (1,000 Mbps). Low-voltage direct current (DC) power can also be supplied over the Ethernet cables, which is helpful for home automation devices like cameras and doorbells.
There are two prominent Ethernet cable-types used in residential applications: CAT5e and CAT6. Both cables are capable of 1 Gbps data transfer rates at a distance up to 328 feet. However, CAT6 cables have a thicker gauge wire and include insulation techniques that limit interference and cross-talk issues. CAT6 cables are actually capable of 10 Gbps speeds, but only at distances up to 180 feet. CAT6 cables come at a cost premium of around 20% more than CAT5e.
CAT5e cables are acceptable for most residential applications, but you should install CAT6 if you can afford it — this will help future-proof the installation. Most people run a single Ethernet cable to each room that will have a TV or other media streaming device. However, if you are already installing cable, we recommend 2 cables to each TV plus a single cable to every location that you may want to install a security camera or doorbell.
An Ethernet network size is theoretically limitless, but you will have to connect a lot of switches to make that happen. Keep in mind that switches take up physical space and generate heat so home networks are usually small — perhaps 20-30 connected devices.
The benefits of Ethernet cabling are easy to define: data transmission speed and communication distance. In addition, cables tend to be more secure since they are buried in walls and hard to access. We recommend installing CAT6 Ethernet cables to every location you intend to install a media streaming device since they use lots of data, especially for high-definition video.
Ethernet isn't perfect. A major drawback is the cost of installing the cables if you don't already have them. Opening a wall and snaking a cable through existing construction is costly and messy work — and sometimes a pathway isn't available. Cable installation is fairly cheap if you are renovating and the walls are already open.
Ethernet also requires a central data closet for locating Ethernet switches. All wires need to return back to a central switch that controls the traffic on the network. The data closet can be a simple wall-mounted rack inside an existing coat closet, but you still need to set aside space and plan properly.
Ethernet isn't required for all smart home hubs, but many include a port for more reliable internet connection. The Wink, SmartThings, and Insteon hubs all include an Ethernet connection.
Since Wi-Fi is so common in homes today, it makes sense that home automation accessories take advantage of its availability. While it is important that your hub devices include Wi-Fi, it isn't the best protocol for all smart home accessories.
Wi-Fi is a wireless communication standard developed and maintained by the Wi-Fi Alliance. The standard allows interoperability and communications among different devices.
Wi-Fi communications travel across radio waves in the 2.4 GHz or 5 Ghz spectrum. Compatible devices include a receiver and transmitter plus connected antennae.
The theoretical range is relatively far, but for practical home usage, the maximum range is around 60-feet. Of course, range can be affected by many things including physical barriers, interference, transmitter power, and antenna quality.
Communications throughput is quite high; speeds range from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps. Wi-Fi is capable of streaming high-definition audio and video.
Wi-Fi has a theoretical limit of 256 connected devices. Network congestion may become a problem before 256 devices connect, especially if some of those devices demand large amounts of bandwidth. You may have experienced this if multiple people in your home try to stream high-definition video at the same time.
The main benefits of Wi-Fi are transmission speed, range, and the overall availability of the technology. As mentioned earlier, most people already have a Wi-Fi router in their home and adding a router is way less expensive than running Ethernet cables around the house. Wi-Fi provides easy and fairly reliable access to the internet anywhere in your home.
From a home automation standpoint, there are a few drawbacks. First, Wi-Fi is susceptible to interference since there are so many devices competing for bandwidth — phones, tablets, watches, scales, streaming media devices, thermostats, and many others all want to communicate over Wi-Fi. The bands become even more congested as we add more devices to our homes.
Another problem is the power consumption of Wi-Fi devices. Wide range and high speeds require a lot of power to operate. While the power usage doesn't affect our utility bills very much, the consumption is a problem for small sensors and other home automation accessories that need to run on batteries. Plug-in items can easily use Wi-Fi, but we don't want to plug in every smart home accessory, especially very small items.
Let's discuss range as a limitation. This may seem odd, since we also talked about range as a benefit. However, Wi-Fi range can be limiting in larger homes or those made from dense materials like concrete block. If this is the case for you, you have probably already installed additional Wi-Fi routers to create a mesh network.
Finally, security is something to consider. While Wi-Fi has plenty of security features to help keep your wireless network safe, they have to be set up and maintained over time. Wi-Fi itself isn't a security risk, but when people disable (or fail to enable) proper security measures then the network can be compromised. Always make sure your network is secure and routinely check for router software updates.
The Wi-Fi Alliance understands the limitations with their technology and they are developing new Wi-Fi standards that will make it more beneficial for use with home automation. Wi-Fi 6 includes new features that improve range and power efficiency, while still maintaining data throughput. The new Wi-Fi Ha-Low is directed at the smart home market and is being developed to lower power consumption even further while also increasing the communication range. Wi-Fi will become more reliable for smart homes when these new versions are released. However, you will need to purchase a new router to take advantage of the technologies.
All of the hubs we have reviewed include Wi-Fi for easy wireless connectivity.
Z-Wave is a wireless communications protocol that was developed specifically for the home automation market. It was developed in 2001 by the Danish company Zensys and the current standard is maintained by the Z-Wave Alliance. Z-Wave is one of the more popular low-power wireless protocols for connecting smart home devices and accessories.
The wireless system operates in North America on the 908 and 916 MHz radio bands. Each device can send and receive commands or pass commands along to other devices. This creates an ad-hoc network, also known as a mesh network. The mesh network effectively increases the range of each device. If an accessory is out of range of another accessory, but within range of a third device, the message can be passed between in-range devices until it reaches the destination device. This is an advantage over non-mesh Wi-Fi networks.
Data transmission speeds vary between 40 and 100 Kbps, which is slower than Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and Thread. However the slow speed usually isn't noticeable since Z-Wave is used to send commands rather than stream large amounts of data.
While the open air transmission range is 328 feet (100 meters), the more realistic indoor range is around 80 feet. The Z-Wave Alliance recommends that devices be spaced around 30 feet apart for the most reliable communications. Since Z-Wave acts as a mesh network, commands hop from device to device with a total outer limit of 600 feet. This allows effective communication across the largest homes.
Z-Wave networks can have 232 devices connected, which is plenty for most home automation systems.
There are a few benefits that have made Z-Wave so popular. First, the mesh network provides a more reliable network across longer distances. In addition, the network runs on the 908 and 916 MHz radio bands, which are less congested, so there is much less interference than other options. The newest Z-Wave standards require strong encryption in order for the device to receive certification. Finally, the radios use a very small amount of power so they can run on batteries, eliminating the need for a wired connection.
The popularity of Z-Wave means that there are lots of products to choose from. The Z-Wave Alliance claims that (as of late 2018) there are more than 2,400 smart home accessories on the market that use their technology.
The biggest limitation is slow transmission speeds, which limit Z-Wave to sending command and control functions. It isn't the right technology for streaming high-quality audio and video. In fact, you won't find any Z-Wave security cameras due to the slow transmission speeds.
Both the Wink Hub and the SmartThings Hub can control Z-Wave devices.
Zigbee is similar to Z-Wave in that it is a wireless mesh network developed for low-speed, low-bandwidth, short-distance communications. It has become popular among home automation manufacturers, but it is also used in healthcare. The Zigbee standard was originally released in 2003 and is maintained by the Zigbee Alliance.
Zigbee radios operate primarily on the 2.4 GHz band, but some devices in North America also use the 915 MHz band. Each device can send and receive commands, as well as pass information to other compatible devices. This forms an ad-hoc mesh network that helps increase the communications range to cover an entire house.
Data transmission speeds are not suitable for streaming media, but at 250 kbps over 2.4 GHz radios, they are still very robust for sending and receiving commands.
Open air, line of sight transmission ranges are around 328 feet (100 meters), however the practical range within homes is around 30 feet. Since the devices create a mesh network, communications can hop between devices to greatly increase the 30-foot limit.
The theoretical network size is pretty large, at around 65,000 devices. We imagine you won't be able to exceed that in your home, no matter how many devices you install. In practice, Zigbee networks can handle thousands of devices.
The two biggest benefits of Zigbee are the mesh network, described above, and the radio's low-power requirements. The efficient use of power allows Zigbee devices to run on batteries, which also keeps them small.
The biggest drawback of Zigbee is the limited number of accessories on the market. It is simply not that popular and manufacturers have not started making lots of compatible accessories. However, Amazon has recently included Zigbee radios in their Echo Plus and Echo Show devices so we expect Zigbee to become more popular.
The following hubs, with links to our review, include Zigbee radios: Amazon Echo Plus and Echo Show and the Samsung SmartThings Hub.
Many smart home devices include Bluetooth connectivity for close range communications. Bluetooth provides faster wireless data transmission than Z-Wave or Zigbee, but at shorter distances. Most smart phones include Bluetooth, which makes it a great way of connecting smart home accessories to your phone or tablet. Bluetooth is best known for local streaming of audio to headphones or speakers, but is capable of much more.
The Bluetooth technology was developed in the early 1990s and the standard is developed and maintained by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. Bluetooth Low Energy, which is becoming more common in the home automation industry, was released in 2006.
Bluetooth is a wireless radio protocol that uses the 2.4 GHz band. The system runs as a Master/Slave setup, where one device operates as the master and up to seven devices operate as slaves. Devices can change roles, but there can only be one master at a time. The protocol uses a relatively low amount of power to operate, which means iaccessories can run on battery. However, its range is limited due to the low power usage.
Bluetooth provides faster data transfer speeds than many home automation protocols, but slower than Wi-Fi. Bluetooth 1 provides bandwtidths of around 1 Mbps, while Bluetooth 3.0 and 4.0 provide data transfer rates of around 24 Mbps. These rates are fast enough for high-quality audio transmission.
Range varies widely based on the class of radio in your device. Class 3 radios can communicate at a distance of about 3 feet or less. The more common Class 2 radios have a range between 15 and 30 feet depending on the environment. Finally, commercial quality Class 1 radios transmit up to 100 feet, but they are uncommon in consumer devices.
The Bluetooth SIG released Bluetooth mesh in 2017. Like Z-Wave and Zigbee, Bluetooth Mesh allows devices to pass messages between each other in hops, which extends the range of the overall network. We expect this to make Bluetooth a more common smart home protocol.
The biggest benefit of Bluetooth technology is its pairing method, which makes it incredibly easy for devices to discover and connect to each other. Each device has a profile that advertises what it is capable of (audio, hands-free, etc.) and other devices can see nearby device advertisements so you can choose to initiate a connection. The process is fast and easy.
Bluetooth also uses very low amounts of power so accessories can be small and battery operated. This is ideal for smart home sensors and other small devices that don't need high bandwidth.
Finally, the Bluetooth technology is fairly inexpensive to implement and it is widely adopted in most phones and tablets.
Bluetooth isn't perfect. It operates in the very busy 2.4 GHz frequency range, which makes it susceptible to interference from other wireless devices. In addition, the short range of communications make it hard to use across an entire home; although, Bluetooth mesh looks like a promising solution to this issue. Finally, the bandwidth doesn't allow for video transmissions so the technology is best used for audio streaming or issuing commands among different accessories.
Most of the smart hubs on the market include Bluetooth radios, but you should check our reviews to confirm before you buy.
Thread is a new IOT communications protocol that is managed by the Thread Group. A number of major electronics companies are part of the working group, including Samsung, Google/Nest, Apple, Qualcomm, Tyco, and many others. The low power, IP-based, wireless mesh system allows for battery operated devices that communicate to each other and to the cloud.
Thread operates using the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard for low-rate wireless personal area networks, which is specifically set up for connecting devices together into a low-power, low-bandwidth mesh network. The radios run in the 2.4 GHz frequency range in North America. All devices run on an IP network, which means that your IOT devices connect to each other, but they can also connect to the internet. This is similar to Wi-Fi, but in a low-power and low-bandwidth package designed for home automation.
The practical range for low-power 2.4 GHz radios inside the home is around 30 feet. However, since Thread is a mesh network and devices can pass messages to each other, the overall network range is around 100 feet.
Thread is meant for IOT devices and accessories to pass commands and messages so high bandwidth isn't required. Data transmission is around 250 Mbps, which is perfectly fine for smart home accessories. You won't want to stream media over Thread, but that isn't its purpose.
Thread has many of the same benefits as Z-Wave and Zigbee — namely, low power usage and mesh communications. Both of these are ideal for home automation accessories. However, the Thread Group touts the connectivity over the IP protocol as the main benefit. IP is used by our phones, tablets, and laptops so Thread can seamlessly connect to existing devices. This means you can generate a Thread network with existing devices so you don't have to purchase a new hub. IP also has security standards that have been tested over decades so you know it will be safe.
The biggest problem with Thread is that it is so new and there aren't many accessories that include the technology. We think that will change soon since the group is backed by so many big names in the home automation space. In the meantime, there isn't much use for a Thread network.
None of the popular hubs currently incorporate Thread, but we expect that to change in the coming years.
Insteon is the most unique protocol on this list because it incorporates wireless and powerline technologies into a single network. This gives you the flexibility to install accessories anywhere in your home as long as you have either an outlet or a wireless signal.
Insteon communicates to accessories over the 915 MHz wireless radio band on a peer-to-peer network. In addition to wireless, Insteon also connects over a home's existing electrical wires (called powerline communications). This creates a beneficial redundancy in the system.
The data rate on an Insteon network is around 180 bits/sec, but faster bursts are possible. This means the network is not capable of streaming media. It is restricted to passing home automation commands and messages.
Insteon's wireless range maxes out at 150 feet without obstructions. The practical range in a building is around 30 feet with an extension up to around 100 feet via the mesh network. Wireless range is usually not a problem for Insteon since it also includes powerline communications to any outlet, socket, or switch in your home. You may need an additional device to bridge between electrical phases, but you can easily tap into the Insteon network anywhere there is a power supply in your home.
The biggest benefit is the redundancy the system provides. If wireless is down or there is some sort of interference, the system easily changes to powerline communications and vice-versa. Unfortunately, if the power goes out then you lose both forms of communication, but you'll also lose power to your accessories so nothing works anyway.
Another benefit is that you don't have to run new cables since the Insteon protocol includes powerline connectivity. It uses your existing electrical wires to pass messages. There is no need to open walls or snake wires through existing construction.
While Insteon makes hundreds of different accessories for their network, one big drawback is the lack of third-party options. Some do exist, but for the most part you are locked into the Insteon ecosystem. If the company goes out of business then you won't have much opportunity to grow or upgrade.
Insteon makes its own hubs and associated smart home accessories. Read our review of the Insteon Hub for more information.
X10 is a wired home automation protocol that uses your existing electrical wires to send and receive commands — it is a powerline technology. The protocol was developed in 1975 by Pico Electronics and remains in use today, although the technology has not advanced to keep up with newer systems.
Commands are sent across existing AC electrical wiring in bursts, which are small packets of data that provide identifiers and commands. Early X10 devices were one-way communicators — they were only capable of receiving commands. More advanced (and more expensive) accessories can receive commands and also respond with a status message.
You can only install 16 accessories per house code, but there are 16 house codes available so the theoretical system limit is 256 accessories. You will have to install a filter to keep commands from other homes on the power grid from controlling your devices.
X10 is easily added to existing homes without the need for additional communications wiring. In addition, it is more reliable than wireless technology and can communicate to any location that has an electrical outlet, socket, or switch. The technology is also relatively inexpensive and easy to install so if you just want a few simple light controls then X10 may be an option.
Radio transmitters have been developed for X10 so you can have remote control from within your home. In addition, there are some X10 controllers that connect to the internet to give you control from outside your home.
The X10 protocol has not kept up with other technological advances so there are some drawbacks. First, internet-based control requires more advanced setups and isn't as easy to use as newer technology. In addition, X10 occasionally experiences interference from noise on the AC wave. While X10 can work across multiple electrical phases, extra components are required for this.
We recommend that you only purchase an X10 controller if you already have X10 accessories and need to replace your current controller. If you are starting a home automation system from scratch, then we suggest looking at the other protocols above because they offer more advanced features.
Simple local controllers that are relatively inexpensive can be purchased on Amazon or Smarthome.com.
If you already have a local X10 system and you want to add remote/internet control, check out the Universal Devices ISY994ix (Amazon or Smarthome.com), but keep in mind that this requires some advanced setup.
UPB is an acronym for Universal Powerline Bus, which is a home automation protocol that sends communications over existing AC electrical cables in your home. UPB is developed by California-based Powerline Control Systems. The company sells commercial and residential lighting control systems.
The wired system communicates via pulses within the alternating current on standard electrical wiring. It is similar to the X10 technology, but is considered to be more efficient and more reliable. The intent was for UPB to replace X10, but the technology hasn't caught on and there aren't many devices on the market.
The main benefit of UPB is that it can easily be added to a home without the need for new wiring. In addition, it is very reliable (up to 99%) and reaches anywhere in the home that has a power outlet, light, or switch. Devices communicate peer-to-peer so a central controller isn't necessary. The technology can also be set up to work on both phases of an electrical system.
Unfortunately, there are a number of significant disadvantages. First, it is very complicated to set up a wireless controller that connects to UPB so remote or phone-based control is not available. In addition, there aren't a lot of product options available. While the powerline reliability is positive, we simply cannot recommend UPB in an era where more advanced protocols are available.
All of the lighting control devices communicate peer-to-peer so a central hub isn't required. If you are interested in UPB for lighting control in your home, check out Pulseworx by Powerline Control Systems.


text:
Jean-Pierre Delfour est un ancien joueur de rugby à XV.

Il est né le  à Brive-la-Gaillarde. Avec 1,80 m pour 90 kg, son poste de prédilection était troisième ligne centre.

Carrière de joueur

En club
 1961-1973 : CA Brive

Palmarès

En club
 Avec le CA Brive
 Champion de France de première division :
 Vice-champion (1) :  1965

Liens externes

Joueur français de rugby à XV
Troisième ligne centre (rugby à XV)
Joueur du CA Brive
Naissance en octobre 1941
Naissance à Brive-la-Gaillarde

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
NHL: Ottawa 4, Carolina 3 (SO)
OTTAWA, April 1 (UPI) -- Alex Kovalev and Jason Spezza scored shootout goals Thursday that gave the Ottawa Senators a 4-3 win over Carolina and a spot in the playoffs.
The Senators returned to the playoffs after missing out in 2009 for only the second time in 13 seasons.
Ottawa became the fifth team in the Eastern Conference to wrap up a post-season berth and has 91 points, three behind fourth-place New Jersey.
Brian Elliott was perfect in the shootout after stopping 28-of-31 shots in regulation and overtime. The Senators got into the overtime when Erik Karlsson scored his second goal of the contest with just 8 seconds remaining in the third period.
Brandon Sutter, Jamie McBain and Chad Larose each had a goal for the Hurricanes, who had won three of their previous four. Manny Legace made 32 saves.
Alex Kovalev

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The broad push to cut all funding to Palestinian civilians is promoted by Jared Kushner, the son-in-law of President Trump and the top White House adviser on the Middle East. Mr. Kushner has been working on a peace proposal for the Israelis and Palestinians, and is seeking maximum negotiating leverage over the Palestinians.
He also has criticized the Palestinian Authority and President Mahmoud Abbas for refusing to negotiate after Mr. Trump declared in December that the United States was recognizing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.
"Nobody is entitled to America's foreign aid," Mr. Kushner told The New York Times on Thursday.
In late August, the Trump administration announced it was redirecting $ 200 million that was set aside last year for bilateral aid to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. Soon afterward, American officials said they were ending funding to a United Nations aid agency for Palestinians and redirecting $ 25 million intended for hospitals in East Jerusalem, which has a mostly Palestinian population.
Until those moves, the United States one of the largest national donors of aid to Palestinians.
The change means members of Congress will revisit the annual practice of setting aside $ 10 million, mostly for Israeli-Palestinian exchange programs, Mr. Rieser said.
The money from the United States is almost a quarter of the annual global funding for peace and reconciliation activities between Israelis and Palestinians, said Joel Braunold, executive director of the Alliance for Middle East Peace, a coalition of nongovernmental organizations that seeks United States support for such activities. The grants are bid out for as much as $ 1.2 million over three years, and are by far the largest of their kind, he said.


Both are good questions, and they are two questions, not one.
When employers or companies look for medical writers, they typically want someone for a specific job, or a specific type of medical writing. They like to hire and work with specialists – people who know the particular field, who are familiar with the literature and practice around specific ailments, populations, pharmaceuticals, or devices. Everyone wants someone who knows what they are talking about, in order to get the most bang for the buck out of an author.
So, when you are presenting yourself for work, it's best to be the specialist who really knows what they are talking about.
Now, of course you can have specialties in a number of different areas. It's good to do that. That way you can have broader appeal to potential employers or buyers of your content. But they are only interested in the specialty relevant to THEM. Present yourself through your payer's eyes. Be the specialist THEY want.
Now, with regard to training, think about training broadly.
You can be well known in one or two kinds. But you should train broadly.
That means Abstract and Poster Writing, and Biostatistics and Epidemiology skills are broadly applicable to Consumer Health Writing, Scientific Journal Writing, CME Writing, and Regulatory Writing.
And Scientific Journal Writing, Regulatory Writing and CME Writing require similar discipline in gathering evidence, performing analysis, drawing conclusions, and making recommendations.
So, when you think of getting trained, train broadly. Consider packages of Medical Writing Training.
When you think of getting work, present yourself as the specialist to your potential payer.
Remember this simple advice: Train Broadly. Write Specifically.
This entry was posted on June 26, 2012 at 8:31 am. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


text:
It is the obligation of government to ensure that no one is unjustly accused, convicted, or punished. There is growing evidence that race and poverty play a role in determining who gets arrested, who gets a fair trial, and how those convicted are sentenced. The Torah commands "Tzedek, tzedek tirdof," or "Justice, justice you shall pursue" (Deuterononmy 16:20). The sages explained that the word tzedek is repeated not only for emphasis but also to teach us that we must be just in our pursuit of justice, that our means must be as just as our ends.
Why Should Jews Care?
Maimonides lists five transgressions for which people do not repent. One of them is mistakenly suspecting an innocent person of doing wrong. One will justify his suspicion by saying, "I haven't sinned. What did I do to harm that person?" He doesn't realize that he commits a sin by considering an innocent person a transgressor (Hilchot T'shuvah 4:3). The racial bias in the criminal justice system means that, all too often, people of color face a presumption of guilt for crimes they did not commit.
"I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but that the wicked turn away from his life and live" (Ezekiel 33:11). In the Jewish tradition, the sanctity of all human life is a primary value. Our definitive goal should be rehabilitation—not punishment. Our criminal justice system should effectively assess individuals who violate the law and ultimately prepare them to reenter society.
"You shall commit no injustice in judgment; you shall not favor a poor person or defer to a great man; you shall judge your fellow with righteousness" (Leviticus 19:15). As we are told, we must not favor certain people in the justice system. We want to work together for a criminal justice system that acts from righteousness for the benefit of all.
Urge Congress to enact policing reforms
George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and Dreasjon "Sean" Reed are just some of the latest victims of the nation's long history of brutality against People of Color, and particularly Black men. As peaceful protests continue across the United States, we see an all-too-familiar anger, frustration, and pain. Changes to federal laws are vital to ensure that law enforcement training, use of force policies, and data collection address historic and systemic racial injustices.
Urge your members of Congress to support comprehensive policing reforms in the 117th Congress.
Many issues remain within our society and the juvenile justice system which have created racial disparities and are contributing to the "school-to-prison-pipeline."
Despite paying their debt to society, a criminal record brings with it many collateral consequences beyond the sentence already served that creates many barriers for individuals trying to rebuild their lives.
For decades, the Union for Reform Judaism has opposed mandatory minimums for first-time drug offenders, opposed the death penalty, and called for rehabilitative alternatives to incarceration.
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Reform Judaism's Resolutions on Criminal Justice Reform
Learn more about the position of the Reform Movement on these key issues, and read the formal resolutions by URJ and CCAR.
View URJ Resolution View Resolutions From Our Partners
Engage Your Congregation
Resource Guide: Ending Discriminatory Money Bail
Toolkit: Record Restriction (Expungement)
Every Voice, Every Vote
The Reform Jewish Movement's 2022 Every Voice, Every Vote Campaign is a nonpartisan effort, grounded in our Jewish values and commitment to racial justice, to strengthen our democracy by encouraging and protecting voter participation.
Holiday Resources for Congregations
Passover Haggadah Supplement: Crying Out Against Mass Incarceration
High Holy Days: A Criminal Justice Study Guide on Forgiveness
High Holy Days: Yom Kippur Liturgy Study Guide on Transgression, Sin and Repentance
High Holy Days: Days of Awe & Criminal Justice: Introduction
A Tisha B'Av Offering on Mass Incarceration
Purim: A Story of Crime and Excessive Punishment
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For more information on this issue, contact Israel Harris.
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Nik is a full-time working professional as a Communications technician and Tamara is the mother of their 2 children. Both Nik and Tamara grew up in the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney. They have been married for 10 years and still feel like they were married yesterday. Nik and Tamara are both caring and helpful people and their love of helping people has brought them to who they are today.


This seriously rocks! Mixed and mastered with great pleasure by yours truly.
Wow, I didn't know you were involved, Oz!
For some reason, the video didn't display the first time I posted this, so I have tried again.


LETTER: Vote 'yes' on the New Brighton ballot question.
The greatest democratic energies often result from the misuse of government power. This is exactly what happened after the New Brighton City Council decided to intentionally change the city's election year in a manner that gave all incumbent members an extra year in office. Grassroots outrage drove volunteers to gather over 500 voter signatures to oppose the measure. Because of these efforts, the offending ordinance is on the November ballot.
Partly because of this grassroots anger here in New Brighton, the legislature almost passed a reform preventing cities from changing the length of terms already elected by the voters. This would not have prevented New Brighton from moving to even-year elections, but would merely delay the change by two years and require one extra election.
New Brighton responded by hiring a major lobbying firm to oppose this common-sense reform. The city decided paying thousands of dollars of taxpayer money to lobbyists to protect the council's extra year was a better deal than paying to hear from voters in an extra election.
A "yes" vote will veto the council's self-gift of an extra year in office, require the regular 2019 election be held and reinforce good government principles. A "yes" vote will not prevent the city from moving to even-year elections in the future. It should, however, serve as a wake-up call that we expect the council to represent the voters, not themselves. I encourage everyone to vote "yes" on Nov. 6.


text:
"Inquisition" is a song by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released as a single on March 24, 1992 in advance of its host album, Last Rights (1992). The B-side "Lahuman8" was created at the request of the Québécois contemporary dance group La La La Human Steps.

Content

The song
"Inquisition" acts as the midpoint of Skinny Puppy's 1992 album Last Rights. Even though it is a pounding, aggressive, mechanical industrial dance song that John Bush of AllMusic described as "heart-stopping" and as the pinnacle of its album, it still functions as a break from the surrounding chaos and sorrow of Last Rights. Jon Selzer of Melody Maker wrote that the song has the "utopian laments" that made defined Skinny Puppy's best work. Originally bearing the demo title "Catbowl", "Inquisition" takes a break from the addiction-focused lyrics of the rest of Last Rights and returns to the topic of torture and animal cruelty that the band explored on its 1988 album, VIVIsectVI. Like many other Skinny Puppy songs, "Inquisition" employs samples.

The single
Three version of "Inquisition" exist, two of which appear on its single release. The extended mix lengthens the song from five minutes to seven and begins with a brief atmospheric introduction. The many layers of the track are introduced one by one, and its first third features two rhythmic stops not found on the album version. After the first chorus, a percussion breakdown is followed by a period of synthesizer emphasis.  The extended mix contains multiple protracted instrumental segments where the various parts are given more time to develop. Notably, the passages of high-speed bass drums are completely absent in this version, with the song instead winding down through gradually stripping away electronic layers. The single mix of "Inquisition", which also appears on the 1999 compilation The Singles Collect, shortens the song's introduction and removes many (but not all) of the kick drum segments in its latter half.

"Lahuman8" was commissioned by the Canadian dance group La La La Human Steps after Skinny Puppy released its sixth album, Too Dark Park, in 1990. Fellow industrial band Einstürzende Neubauten was also recruited for the effort. The song itself is a dark, synthesizer-heavy piece with distant, distorted vocals and an unsettling tone. It concludes with a rising wall of noise. "Lahuman8" also appeared on Skinny Puppy's 1999 compilation B-Sides Collect. After viewing the performance in which the dance group employed "Lahuman8", Lewis Segal of the Los Angeles Times described the show's musical compositions as "assaultive".

The dub mix of "Mirror Saw" is a stripped down version of the original song with a greater focus on its percussion and percussive samples. It is a minimal, instrumental track that eschews much of the album version's melancholy peacefulness in exchange for sparse and mechanical aggression. The last third of the song introduces loud live drumming that drowns out many of the electronic sounds.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.

Skinny Puppy
Nivek Ogre – vocals
cEvin Key – synthesizers, programming, engineering
Dwayne Goettel – synthesizers, programming, engineering

Additional personnel
Dave Ogilvie – production, editing
Anthony Valcic – editing
Ken Marshall – mixing, recording
Jim Cummins – artwork
John Rummen – layout

References

External links
"Inquisition" at Discogs (list of releases)

1992 singles
Skinny Puppy songs
Nettwerk Records singles
Capitol Records singles
1992 songs
Songs written by cEvin Key
Songs written by Nivek Ogre
Songs written by Dwayne Goettel


Nomi Network is a nonprofit organization based in New York City that aims to create economic opportunities for survivors and women at risk of human trafficking. We are dedicated to breaking the cycle of poverty that perpetuates human trafficking globally. Currently serving women in South and South East Asia.


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Learn About Trust Funds
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Choosing a Law Firm
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Lawsuits Overview
Types of Lawsuits
Process for Lawsuits
Selecting a Mesothelioma Lawyer
The United States legal system is a complicated place for even the most highly experienced lawyers. Most attorneys spend their entire careers without experiencing many of the American rules and regulations in substantive and procedural law.
Home / Mesothelioma Legal Support / Laws / Statute of Limitations
There are thousands of statutes used in U.S. law application, so it's impossible for even the best attorneys to know them all. However, there is one legal requirement every lawyer knows, and that's the time frame allowed under the statute of limitations.
The statute of limitations is a legal principle established in every court jurisdiction. That includes all courts at the federal and state levels, although the exact time period limitation varies from state to state and within individual laws in the federal courts. Generally, statutory limits for starting a legal action vary from one to six years, this depends on what type of issue addressing the court.
There are two main court types in the United States, one is the criminal court system having jurisdiction over crimes committed by an individual or as the result of corporate negligence. Most criminal cases are heard by the state. Federal courts rarely hear individual crimes unless they're specifically committed against a federal act or upon the federal land.
The other American court system deals with civil law. This includes contract law, family relations, and personal injury torts. Mesothelioma lawsuits are a specialized form of civil litigation. As such, asbestos-related cases have special statutory regulations including their own statute of limitations. There are good reasons why asbestos laws have specialized rules.
Free Legal Case Review
With vast experience handling mesothelioma cases, we fight on behalf of patients, demanding justice from negligent asbestos companies.
Reasons for Statutes of Limitations
Statutory limitations are set for most types of cases, whether criminal or civil. The idea is to establish a fair playing field and not let matters drag on too long. Criminal misdemeanors and less serious offenses usually have a six month to two years statute of limitations across the states.
Criminal charges can't be laid once the period expires after the date the offense was committed. That is not the case in most felonies. Homicides, for instance, have no statute of limitations. An accused can be tried any time after the fact as long as they're still alive.
American civil courts have much tighter controls for limiting civil lawsuits and compensation claims. Also known as periods of prescription, limitation statutes are designed to facilitate actions within a reasonable time. What's considered a reasonable time depends on how serious the issue is and what jurisdiction the matter is filed in.
The purpose of having statutes of limitations leans toward protecting accused people and civil lawsuit defendants. This is a check in the system to ensure that plaintiffs report their complaint promptly and don't allow a defendant to be taken by surprise long after the alleged wrongdoing occurred.
Reasons for statute of limitations include:
Ensuring actions start while physical evidence is available and memories are fresh.
Removing the threat of an indefinite lawsuit that can blackmail the defendant.
Making sure the courts are not caught in historic complaints that could have been long settled.
Protecting the court's integrity by disallowing plaintiff claims that are tardy or ill-intended.
Assuming that any serious complaint would be promptly brought to the court's attention.
Discouraging frivolous or vexatious lawsuits having ulterior motives.
Mesothelioma Lawsuits have Special Statute of Limitation Rules
Almost all civil law time limitation statutes have a commencement time starting when the issue first occurred. For most personal injury cases like automobile accidents or slips and falls, the clock starts ticking when the crash happened or the plaintiff went down. It's easy to establish when these injuries occurred and it's reasonable that any plaintiff would take action shortly after. If they hesitate and linger on past the statutory limitation date, the court takes the view the plaintiff had their chance and it's not fair to the defendant to respond far in the future.
Mesothelioma and other asbestos-caused diseases such as lung cancer, asbestosis, and other pleural disorders are totally different. Every court recognizes the uniqueness of how mesothelioma operates. There's an extremely long latency period with mesothelioma, it takes anywhere from 10 to 50 years after the patient experienced asbestos exposure until the time the symptoms present and the disease is diagnosed.
Enter the "Discovery of Harm" rule. This exception to the normal statute of limitation applies perfectly to mesothelioma compensation claims and civil court lawsuit filing time. It's not remotely reasonable to think a person later diagnosed with mesothelioma would have anticipated their injury at the time exposure occurred.
This life-threatening injury didn't happen on one particular date that's clearly provable. The risk of developing mesothelioma depends on factors that occur over a period of time. It depends on how much asbestos the patient was exposed to, how long they were exposed and what type of asbestos fibers they encountered. It also depends on how many locations they suffered asbestos exposure as this can bring in multiple defendants and involve different jurisdictions.
For these reasons, all courts recognize that asbestos-related claims need to commence within a certain period limit after the disease was diagnosed or ought to have been known. Mesothelioma cases aren't ruled or limited by when exposure occurred and the triggering event happened. However, once a patient knows they have mesothelioma, it's their clear responsibility to retain a lawyer and file a civil claim before time runs out. This time limit is different across America.
Statute of Limitation Periods in America
As a rule, United States federal courts have a four-year limitation of action for all civil cases. Federal courts also recognize the discovery of harm principle but can defer to a state's statute of limitations. Potential plaintiffs should immediately discuss the time limit when they retain a lawyer as this is a serious legal issue in mesothelioma cases. These are the statute of limitation periods for the American States:
1 Year: California, Kentucky, Louisiana
2 Year: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
3 Year: Arkansas, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Washington DC, Wisconsin
4 Year: Florida, Minnesota, Nebraska, Wyoming
5 Year: Missouri
6 Year: Maine
These statutes of limitation rules refer to living patient lawsuit claim filing times. Wrongful death lawsuits filed by spouses or family members have different limits in various states. The living limitation and wrongful death periods can be higher or lower depending on how the statute is formed. It's also possible for a family member to file a wrongful death suit when a member passes who currently has an active mesothelioma suit.
Retaining a Mesothelioma Lawyer
Filing a civil court mesothelioma claim is the first step in what can be a long and complicated case. It's vitally important to start an action within the limitation allowance. Late filing is sufficient grounds to have a lawsuit dismissed, and the odds of winning a limitation appeal are low. This is why it's so important to retain a specialized mesothelioma lawyer as soon as a diagnosis is confirmed.
You may be eligible for financial compensation. Learn how we can help.
FindLaw, "Details on State Civil Statute of Limitations", Retrieved from http://statelaws.findlaw.com/accident-and-injury-laws/details-on-state-civil-statute-of-limitations.html Accessed on 24 January 2018
FindLaw, "Time Limits to Bring a Case: The Statute of Limitations", Retrieved from http://injury.findlaw.com/accident-injury-law/time-limits-to-bring-a-case-the-statute-of-limitations.html Accessed on 24 January 2018
LegalZoom.com, "What are the Statute of Limitations?", Retrieved from https://www.legalzoom.com/articles/what-are-statutes-of-limitations Accessed on 24 January 2018
Cornell Law School, "Time Limits on the Commencement of Civil Actions Arising from Acts of Congress", Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1658 Accessed on 24 January 2018
Digital Commons Law, "Civil Procedure - Statute of Limitations - Federal Application of State Law", Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2692&context=vlr Accessed on 24 January 2018
United States Department of Justice, "Time of Limitations Period", Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/usam/criminal-resource-manual-650-length-limitations-period Accessed on 24 January 2018
MesotheliomaGuide.com, "Mesothelioma Statute of Limitations", Retrieved from https://www.mesotheliomaguide.com/lawsuits/statute-of-limitations/ Accessed on 24 January 2018
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The rapid proliferation of cyber crime is increasing the demand for digital forensics experts in both law enforcement and in the private sector. In Digital Archaeology, expert practitioner Michael Graves has written the most thorough, realistic, and up-to-date guide to the principles and techniques of modern digital forensics.
Graves begins by providing a solid understanding of the legal underpinnings of and critical laws affecting computer forensics, including key principles of evidence and case law. Next, he explains how to systematically and thoroughly investigate computer systems to unearth crimes or other misbehavior, and back it up with evidence that will stand up in court.
Drawing on the analogy of archaeological research, Graves explains each key tool and method investigators use to reliably uncover hidden information in digital systems. His detailed demonstrations often include the actual syntax of command-line utilities. Along the way, he presents exclusive coverage of facilities management, a full chapter on the crucial topic of first response to a digital crime scene, and up-to-the-minute coverage of investigating evidence in the cloud.
Graves concludes by presenting coverage of important professional and business issues associated with building a career in digital forensics, including current licensing and certification requirements.
Digital Archaeology is a key resource for anyone preparing for a career as a professional investigator; for IT professionals who are sometimes called upon to assist in investigations; and for those seeking an explanation of the processes involved in preparing an effective defense, including how to avoid the legally indefensible destruction of digital evidence.
Michael W. Graves has worked as an IT professional for over fifteen years as a network specialist, a security analyst and most recently as a forensic analyst. He holds a Master of Science in Digital Investigation from Champain College, where he spent several semesters as an Adjunct Professor of Computer Science. His publications include a number of certification manuals for several of the CompTIA certifications, as well as two novels. When not poking around in computers or writing books, he carts around an 8x10 view camera and makes black and white landscape photographs with a nod toward the F64 school of photography.


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Maui > See & Do: Activities: Water
Atlantis Submarines
Not one, but two underwater vessels — a submarine and a sailing ship — make this adventure special. The submarine's underwater destination is the Carthaginian, a replica of a 19th-century sailing ship. The company sunk the vessel, once an attraction at the Lahaina waterfront, to create an artificial reef. Fish love it. This adventure starts with a launch ride to...
The hardest thing about Baby Beach may be finding it. Everyone talks about it, but directions are always vague. It stretches around Pu'unoa Point to the north side of Lahaina and may be reached from Ala Moana Street, where you may park along the road. Look for Jodo Mission with its big Buddha. The beach is also reached from the...
Fleming Beach Park
The surf pounds in fairly regularly calling to the Boogie boarders and body surfers who gravitate to this beach. Winter waves can intimidate swimmers, but even little kids brave them much of the year. It's one of West Maui's larger and more popular beaches with more comforts than most — restrooms, picnic tables, lifeguards, showers, plenty of parking and even...
Hamoa Beach
James Michener called this spot the "most beautiful beach in the Pacific." Its gray sand sifts through fingers like the finest sugar. Palms fringe the perfectly curved shore like mother nature's eyelashes. Winter and spring surf is often high, ripe for body surfing and Boogie boarding, though use caution. Summer finds even the smallest youngsters dashing in and out of...
Hana Bay Beach Park
Almost every weekend, you'll sniff the delicious aroma of barbecued chicken or guava-glazed ribs from family lu'aus at this popular spot at the edge of Hana town. If you didn't bring your lunch, Barefoot Cafe (formerly Tutu's) provides a decent hamburger. Water laps gently at the dark sand, making for safe swimming. Kayaking and other water activities are available. Walk...
Hawaiian Sailing Canoe
When the Polynesians sailed thousands of miles on open seas to find Hawaii, they did so in outrigger sailing canoes with claw-shaped sails. You'll do the same and learn about these skilled navigators and sailors when you book a trip with Hawaiian Sailing Canoe Adventures. You might even get a turn paddling the canoe Hawaiian style. This is an adventure,...
Ho'€˜okipa Beach Park
A strip of sandy beach edges the shore at Ho'okipa Beach Park, but no one comes to loll in the sun, or for a gentle swim. This is world-class adventure. Ho'okipa is the wind-surfing capital of the world, and air seekers come here from all parts of the planet. Their speed is astonishing. Blink and the tiny sail looking like...
Honolua Bay has a split personality. During the summer, the crystal clear turquoise water and spectacular coral formations make it one of Maui's prime snorkeling spots. You can snorkel from the shore, but boats also visit o the bay for snorkeling. In winter, the ocean surge picks up and the edges of the bay become awesome surfing territory with waves...
Island Star Excursions
You get to choose with Island Star Excursions, bot the itinerary and the activity. The company runs the beautiful Island Star, a 57-foot sailing yacht that can accommodate 20 on deck. You may climb aboard for half- and full-day trips. Or you may charter the yacht and plan a custom itinerary. People propose or get married on this vessel on...
Ka'anapali Beach, Maui's most accessible, stretches about three miles from the Hyatt Regency on the south almost to Honokowai at the north. Black Rock or Pu'u Kea'a, bisects the golden sand strip in front of the Sheraton Maui. The paved beach walk stops here, but follow the signs to North Ka'anapali or Kahekili Beach Park. Condos crowd North Ka'anapali now,...
Kama'ole Beach Parks
Lava rock fingers jut into the sea, separating Kama'ole Beach Parks, or Kam I, II and III, as these Kihei beaches are known. Large grassy areas stretch out behind the sandy beaches at each of these parks. Maui families gather here, especially on weekends, and erect jump houses, heat up the barbecue for family lu'aus, or even hold church services....
Kanaha Beach Park
Kanaha Beach Park sits between the runways of Kahului Airport where jets scream in at a regular pace, and the ocean. But it's a surprisingly tranquil oasis of green with trees shading grassy picnic areas, and a long beach curving on shallow bays. Kite boarders gravitate to this spot, known informally as kite park. Winds are steady but not as...
Kayaking on Maui
Kayaking on Maui seems like an understated activity compared to the more poplar stand-up paddle boarding and surfing. Hawaiians who take to small watercraft often choose outrigger canoes. Most often you'll see a solitary kayaker, moving parallel to the beach with the steady rhythm of paddles, dip, dip, dip. Many of the beach kiosks in West Maui, including Kapalua Bay...
Keawakapu Beach
Lovely Keawakapu Beach has no restrooms, picnic tables or lifeguards, but it's a beauty with incredibly fine sand and palms to frame the sunset. Photographers love it. At sunset, you'll often find couples, especially honeymooners, cooing and posing for photos. Stretching for ½ mile, it's well protected on either end. The water is often glassy in the morning — great...
Lana'i is back to its luxurious self with the re-opening of Four Seasons Resort Manele Bay after a multi-million dollar renovation. But you don't need to spend the night a pricey room. Lana'i is an easy day trip from Maui for a round of golf, snorkeling at beautiful Hulopo'e Beach, hiking the Munro Trail or exploring— petroglyphs, a shipwreck, unusual...
Makena Beaches
The cinder cone marking the end of South Maui creates a series of coves that shelter some great swimming and snorkeling at Makena Beaches. Most of them slope gently, which calms the shore surge. Locals have a tendency to call all of these beaches "Makena," but they have one or two additional names. Starting from the north, Black Sand has...
Maluaka Beach
Maluaka Beach, one of Maui's gems, fronts the now closed Makena Beach and Golf Resort so it's hidden from the road. But don't worry. You can access it from the public parking area at the south end of the beach. And what a reward you'll get. The reddish gold sand stretches for some distance along the shore. In spite of...
Maui Classic Charters
Maui Classic Charters offers lots of choices. A sailing catamaran or power boat, snorkeling or staying dry and viewing dolphins and whales are your options. The company operates the Four Winds II sailing catamaran, used for Molokini or Coral Gardens trips. Water slide, sport fishing, snuba and "see" boards, which allow snorkeling on the water's surface with support, are other...
Maui Dive Shop
Maui Dive Shop is the go-to place (or maybe places for there are several locations) for anything you need for underwater activity. When you go into any of them to sign up for a trip, it's easy to get distracted at the colorful racks of aloha shirts, boogie boards or rash guards. You find this array in Kihei., Wailea (Shops...
Molokini, a curved sliver of an island 2.5 miles off South Maui, is a partially submerged volcano crater . It's become a welcoming habitat for reef fish and marine and bird life. Boats moor at fixed buoys within the crater in this conservation district. This limits the number of boats, though some people still think it's too many. The best time...


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A retired firefighter who texted a selfie of himself inside the Capitol on January 6 to a federal agent pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor
Thomas Fee in a selfie he sent his girlfriend's brother during the Capitol riot (left), and in his driver's-license photo (right). United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.
United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
A man who took photos of himself inside the Capitol rotunda pleaded guilty to one count on Tuesday.
Thomas Fee sent a selfie to his girlfriend's brother — a federal agent — during the siege.
Fee faces up to six months in jail after pleading guilty to one count of parading.
A New York man who sent photos of himself inside the Capitol building on January 6 to his girlfriend's brother — a federal agent — pleaded guilty to one misdemeanor charge connected to the attack.
Thomas Fee, a retired firefighter from Freeport, New York, was arrested nearly one year ago after he turned himself in to authorities two weeks after the insurrection.
On Tuesday, Fee, 54, pleaded guilty to one count of parading, demonstrating, or picketing in a Capitol building, as first reported by WUSA. The charge carries a sentence of up to six months in prison.
Following his 2021 arrest, Fee initially faced charges of knowingly entering or remaining in any restricted building or grounds and violent entry and disorderly conduct on Capitol grounds. Federal prosecutors have offered several Capitol rioters the lesser parading charge in exchange for their guilty pleas.
Dennis Ring, an attorney for Fee, told Insider that his client chose to resolve the case by pleading guilty to the single misdemeanor count of illegally demonstrating inside the Capitol.
"He has taken responsibility for his conduct and will accept the sentence Judge Bates dispenses," Ring said.
Prosecutors identified Fee early on in the aftermath of the riot after he texted a photo and video of himself inside the Capitol to his girlfriend's brother, who worked for the US Diplomatic Service, according to charging documents.
The special agent's wife first saw a Facebook post made by Fee's girlfriend saying Fee was at the pro-Trump "Stop the Steal" rally that preceded the riot, according to a criminal complaint. The agent then texted Fee, his sister's boyfriend, to ask if he was in Washington, DC, at the rally, investigators said.
Fee responded by sending a selfie taken inside the Capitol rotunda amid scores of rioters. Fee also sent his girlfriend's brother a video of himself from inside the building where other rioters can be heard screaming "Pelosi" and "tyranny," the complaint said. In a text message accompanying the video, Fee reportedly said he was "at the tip of the spear."
According to charging documents, the unnamed special agent initially deleted the messages but was later able to revive them, after which he sent them to DSS. The agency then sent the evidence to the Joint Terrorism Task Force.
Following his January arrest, WABC reported that Fee was working as a firefighter during the September 11 attacks. He was also reportedly honored for rescuing 13 people, including a pregnant woman and children, during Hurricane Sandy.
However, as a volunteer firefighter in Hempstead 2004, Fee was suspended after being accused of yelling racial slurs at a Black doctor who walked by the firehouse a couple of times, the outlet reported.
More than 730 people have been arrested in connection to the deadly attack and more than 170 have pleaded guilty so far.
How to set a sleep timer for Apple Music so you can fall asleep to the sounds of your choice
Why Australia continues to be a honeypot for local film and TV productions


This has been a good week for school choice advocates.
In a Thursday column in the Wall Street Journal, Harvard researchers, Matthew Chingos and Paul Peterson released the results of a "gold standard" study that tracked students who won the voucher lottery in New York City with those that didn't. Researchers followed students from the time they entered kindergarten (1997) until they went off to college (2011). What did they find? African-American students that were able to use a voucher to attend a private school were 24 percent more likely to enroll in college than an African American student that did not win the voucher lottery. Not only do vouchers help to the educational attainment of African American students, the cost is considerably less than traditional education. The largest provider of private education in New York City is the Catholic Diocese of New York. Total cost to educate a student in Catholic schools is about half of what the costs to educate a student in traditional public schools.
Forty-four percent of Americans now favor allowing students to choose a private school to attend at public expense. School choice favorability has jumped 10 percentage points since last year, a sign that the proliferation of options such as vouchers, education savings accounts, and online learning is creating a welcome choice for families across the country.
….Good news for students, parents and taxpayers. And all the more reason to expand school choice in North Carolina.


If you're looking to rent a new home in the Sugar Hill Neighborhood in Buford, GA you're in luck! 835 Long Branch Circle is a 1,798 square foot home available to lease today! This home has 3 bedrooms and 2 baths and is located on 835 Long Branch Circle and in the 30518 zip code. This 3-bedroom home has a rental price of $1,595. Browse photos of 835 Long Branch Circle and apply for a lease online! The American Homes 4 Rent property management company will verify your lease application and send you a timely response. Once you become a resident of 835 Long Branch Circle, you will be able to pay your rent online, submit maintenance requests, and get community news by logging in securely to your Resident Portal.
Hi, I found the listing for 835 Long Branch Circle on RENTCafe.com and I am interested to find out more or schedule a visit.


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Ripley St Thomas Church of England Academy
Ripley St Thomas Church of England Academy Catchment Area
Ripley St Thomas Church of England Academy Key Information
(3/11/20)
Ripley St Thomas Church of England Academy Report Scottish Literacy Report Scottish Numeracy Report
Ripley St Thomas Church of England Academy Historic Exam Results
Ashton Road
LA1 4RS
Ripley St Thomas Church of England Academy converted to academy status on 1 May 2011, replacing Ripley St Thomas Church of England High School. It is much larger than the average sized secondary school. The large majority of students are White British, with a very small number from ethnic minority backgrounds. A lmost all students speak English as their first language. The percentage of students with special educational needs and/or disabilities is much lower than average, although an average number have a statement of special educational needs. The proportion of students known to be eligible for free school meals is much lower than average. The academy is a specialist college for languages, technology, Leading Edge Partnerships and the rural dimension, as well as being a Training School, Gifted and Talented Lead School and Support School designated by the National College for School Leadership. It holds numerous awards, including Investor in People, Healthy School status, International School and the Cultural Diversity Quality Standard Gold award.
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Day on July 22, 2021
Joshi Akinjide July 22, 2021 1 min read
According to the DAK-Gesundheit, the number of sick days fell by 3.7 percent in the first six months of the year. This means that in the first half of the year, an average of 3.7 percent of those insured by DAK were registered as unable to work. The health insurance company said the disease rate was 4.2 percent in each case, the biggest drop compared to the same period of the previous year and the first half of 2019. From January to June 2021, employees insured with DAK had an average absence of 6.7 days, which is 22 percent less than the first half of 2020. Respiratory diseases were said to have a particularly large deduction.
For every 100 people insured there were only 48 days in the full half year – 92 in the first six months of the previous year, as the data analysis showed. "Winter 2021 is almost completely canceled", Says Andreas Storm, CEO of DAK-Gesundheit. He explained the distance and health rules for corona infection and suggested taking an example from Asia during the cold season: "The mask is simple because it is effective in the fight against germs."
See also Proposes changes in the working environment law - VG
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Waterton Precious Metals Fund II Cayman, LP and Waterton Mining Parallel Fund Offshore Master, LP (the "Funds"), each of which are managed by Waterton Global Resource Management, Inc. (the "Investment Adviser", the Investment Adviser together with the Funds ("Waterton" or "We")), owning approximately 10% of the issued and outstanding shares (the Shares) of Hudbay Minerals Inc. ("Hudbay" or the "Company") (TSX:HBM) (NYSE: HBM), today announced that, upon finalizing its slate, it will be nominating a majority slate of independent director candidates for election to the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") at Hudbays 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the Annual Meeting). Waterton also announced that it has withdrawn its requisition of a special meeting of the Companys shareholders (the Special Meeting) in connection with an advisory resolution urging the Board not to approve certain potential material transactions prior to the Annual Meeting.
Waterton Precious Metals Fund II Cayman, LP and Waterton Mining Parallel Fund Offshore Master, LP (the Funds), each of which are managed by Waterton Global Resource Management, Inc. (the "Investment Adviser", the Investment Adviser together with the Funds (Waterton)) own approximately 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of Hudbay Minerals Inc. ("Hudbay" or the "Company") (TSX:HBM) (NYSE:HBM), making us one of the Companys largest shareholders.
At the beginning of the meeting, we made it clear to Mr. Hibben and Ms. Kavanagh that, prior to sharing the identities of our potential director nominees, we strongly preferred to settle the terms and conditions of any settlement framework. Stated simply, it would have been unfair to our potential nominees and unprofessional to publicize their identities (and subject them to entirely superfluous dialogue) without knowing whether a framework for settlement was even achievable.
We further communicated to Mr. Hibben and Ms. Kavanagh that, once a settlement construct had been agreed, we would be more than happy to share the identities of our potential nominees so that they could be vetted in accordance with all applicable market practices, because we were confident about such nominees qualifications and credentials.
Ms. Kavanagh seemed to acknowledge the reasonability of our position as, having heard our views on nominee identity disclosure, she requested that Waterton prepare a concise term sheet outlining our proposed settlement framework for Mr. Hibben and Ms. Kavanagh to discuss with the rest of the Board. We appreciated Ms. Kavanaghs reasonable approach.
In good faith, Waterton promptly prepared and provided the Board with a draft term sheet (the Term Sheet) for settlement. In the Term Sheet, Waterton did not request that any Waterton representatives be added to the Board of Hudbay.
After we provided the Term Sheet at their request, the Board engaged in what can only be described as a clear and unfortunate about-turn: the Board refused to engage in any manner with us on the Term Sheet and, instead, once again reverted to their initial position of requesting that we share the identities of our potential nominees. This was clearly in bad faith and inconsistent with the parameters under which the Term Sheet had been initially requested and issued.
Needless to say, we were naturally frustrated, but not surprised, by the Boards arbitrary and dismissive conduct.
The Hudbay Board and management team have demonstrated a pattern of systemic bad faith and lack of engagement with shareholders. We believe that the Companys behavior stems from a culture of toxic, value destructive, entrenchment at both the Board and C-Suite levels. Given the unfortunate and revealing about-turn after Ms. Kavanaghs request for a Term Sheet, we further believe that Chairman Alan Hibben may be exerting a troubling level of influence over the Board during his now near decade long tenure. This concern about Mr. Hibben exerting an inappropriate and undue level of influence over the Board and management has been communicated to us by multiple long-term shareholders of Hudbay who have seen the value of their investment eroded.
The Companys more recent underperformance is also concerning. Hudbay currently trades at a material discount to its peer group on multiple key valuation metrics. Year to date, Hudbay's share price has declined 41.5%5. We believe the share price would have declined even more had (i) Waterton not purchased in excess of 26,000,000 million shares of the Company over the exchanges in the past five months, (ii) Waterton not publicly opposed the potentially value destructive Mantos Copper transaction, and (iii) Waterton not initiated the narrative of Board refreshment.
Last quarter, the Company finally announced above consensus earning numbers, but we find the timing of this quite interesting given that Waterton has recently publicly scrutinized its performance. This was only the third time in the past eleven quarters (since Alan Hair was appointed CEO) that the Company has not missed earnings consensus; we would further note that the Company has missed earnings consensus in 74% of quarters during the Chairmans tenure.
The bottom line is this: the culture of Board and management entrenchment and underperformance at Hudbay must end to preserve shareholder value. We believe this culture change can only be implemented with a substantial reconstitution of the Hudbay Board and C-Suite.
As a result, we are pleased to report that Waterton is finalizing its recruitment of a majority slate of highly qualified director candidates, including a transformational potential CEO, to nominate for election at the 2019 Annual Meeting. As a technical matter, we are also hereby withdrawing our request to call a Special Meeting relating to shareholder approvals for certain transactions.
Our focus will now squarely be on the issue that a number of shareholders have communicated to us as being absolutely urgent and integral: ending the nearly decade long malaise, ineptitude and entrenchment at Hudbay so that the Company can be rebuilt and substantial value can be created for Hudbay stakeholders.
The Board changes we expect to propose to Hudbay shareholders will provide fresh perspectives and the objectivity to make difficult decisions without the burden of attachment to past practices, decisions or allegiances. With 40% of the current Hudbay Board having been in place for nearly a decade, including the Chairman of the Board, who seemingly dominates the boardroom, we question the degree of real independence on this Board. Our campaign to refresh the Hudbay Board is certainly driven by this Boards questionable decision making and resulting value destruction; importantly, however, it is also a referendum on meaningful independence at a public company, a key tenet of good corporate governance.
We are pleased to report that, subject to the finalization of our director recruitment process, 100% of our director nominees will be, rather exceptionally, independent of Waterton. Waterton has no desire to obtain a Board seat for Waterton itself; as one of the Companys largest shareholders, however, we do plan to be fierce and active advocates for real independence in the boardroom to ensure that our investment is adequately protected and substantial value is created for all stakeholders. At the same time, we are also continuing to carefully and prudently assess the issue of selective continuity on the Board.
We are confident that once finalized you will be presented with a team of extremely well-qualified professionals including a potential CEO candidate possessing the key characteristic that matters most to shareholders: a proven track record of creating shareholder value in this sector. Our potential director candidates are being recruited because they are uniquely positioned to address the challenges and maximize the opportunities facing the Company. We believe our nominees will possess the collective experience and strategic expertise to drive value at Hudbay and restore shareholder confidence in the Boards ability to select an effective leadership team and to hold senior management accountable through diligent oversight.
We expect that Hudbay will duly schedule the 2019 Annual Meeting in accordance with the early-to-mid May timeframe in which it has consistently held its annual meetings over the past five years. We further expect the Hudbay Board to refrain from any material transaction that may impact the future of the Company until the 2019 Annual Meeting and we can provide comfort to all shareholders that we will access all available remedies to ensure that the Company does not engage in any value destructive transactions before you have the ability to voice your views through your votes.
We expect to finalize our director nominees within the next few weeks and we are excited to socialize such nominees with our fellow shareholders very early in the New Year. We firmly believe that with the right senior leadership in place, an appropriate alignment of interests and a robust governance structure, there is a bright future ahead for Hudbays shareholders.
We look forward to engaging with you as we approach the 2019 Annual Meeting.
Waterton is a leading private equity firm dedicated to developing high quality resource assets in stable jurisdictions. Waterton's founding team has a successful track record of originating, structuring, managing and exiting investments through acquisitions, joint ventures and partnerships, across a range of sectors and asset classes. Waterton's core strength is its cross-functional, fully-integrated, in-house team of professionals who possess significant mining, financial and legal expertise. Waterton's team employs a proactive approach to asset management, leveraging significant sector knowledge and extensive industry relationships to support the firm's investment activities.
The information contained in this press release does not and is not meant to constitute a solicitation of a proxy within the meaning of applicable corporate or securities laws. Although Waterton intends to nominate a slate of director candidates at the Annual Meeting, there is currently no record date or meeting date set for such meeting, Waterton has not finalized its director recruitment and shareholders are not being asked to execute a proxy in favour of the matters set forth in this press release at this time. Waterton intends to file an information circular in due course in compliance with applicable law.
1 Total Shareholder Return calculated as of close October 4, 2018, the day before Watertons first public comments regarding Hudbay.
2 We believe an appropriate peer group for Hudbay should only include companies that (i) have a market capitalization of greater than US$500 million, (ii) have material exposure to the Americas, (iii) have copper comprising greater than 50% of reserves, and (iv) are publicly listed on a major stock exchange, and not the peer group described in Hudbays public disclosure.
3 Period beginning January 1, 2016.
4 Period beginning March 25, 2009.
5 As at December 12, 2018.


text:
Q: How to access constructor function from object by using this In this example. I need to update friends list from object function.
var MyClass = function () {
    this.friends = [];
    this.runtime = {
        add: function (name) {
            this.friends.push(name);
        }
    }
};

MyClass.prototype.AddFriend = function (name) {
    this.runtime.add(name);
};

MyClass.prototype.GetFriends = function () {
    return this.friends;
};

How it's possible?

A: Like I said in the comments, it makes much more sense to use this.friends.push(name), but if you really have to use that odd runtime function, then you need to save a copy of this to a new variable:
var MyClass = function () {
    var _this = this;
    this.friends = [];
    this.runtime = {
        add: function (name) {
            _this.friends.push(name);
        }
    }
};

DEMO

A: You could also use the bind() method:
var MyClass = function () {
    this.friends = [];
    this.runtime = {
        add: function (name) {
            this.friends.push(name);
        }.bind(this)
    }
};

MyClass.prototype.AddFriend = function (name) {
    this.runtime.add(name);
};

MyClass.prototype.GetFriends = function () {
    return this.friends;
};

Read more about it here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function/bind

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Favorite icon for Franz is missing on Ubuntu 17.10 I installed Franz using the .deb provided in the official website.

How do I fix this?

A: It seems the icon-path provided in the .desktop file associated to Franz is wrong or not understood by the shell.
To fix this first copy franz.desktop file from /usr/share/applications/ to ~/.local/share/applications/.
Then open the copied file, and provide a full path to a correct icon file (preferably SVG or PNG) to the Icon= line, so that it looks like
Icon=/path/to/icon-for-franz.png

Tip: Look for a franz.png file in /usr/share/icons/hicolor/1024x1024/apps/. If it exists and is not corrupted, you can set
Icon=/usr/share/icons/hicolor/1024x1024/apps/franz.png


In the perfectly normal town of Louisville, KY, there is a perfectly normal man living the perfect life. David Dailey is a man who has it all: A great career, a community that adores him, and an enduring marriage. But beneath the surface, David's world is crumbling.
Get it signed by writer and director Stu Pollard!


A great opportunity to chew the fat with like-minded individuals who have also been through their NLP journey. These hang outs are about sharing ideas and experiences as well as drawing on the knowledge and coaching expertise of Jools, an NLP Master Coach and co-facilitator of the Edge NLP courses.
Maybe there are tools and techniques that you haven't used in a while that you want to practice in a safe and trusted space with those who can guide you. Or is it that you want to share your personal coaching stories and listen to others? Whatever place you are coming from works as these hang outs are an informal and relaxed way to have conversations and connect with others around the topic of NLP.
Refresh your skills and re-engage with that NLP tool kit full of resources that could serve you on a day to day basis.
The Coaching hang outs run on the last Monday of the month from 6-8.30pm at the EDGE HQ in Tring. Booking is required and a commitment to attend. Payment £12.50 per hangout.


text:
.. -*- mode: rst -*-

Rank Features
=============

``Rank1D`` and ``Rank2D`` evaluate single features or pairs of features using a variety of metrics that score the features on the scale [-1, 1] or [0, 1] allowing them to be ranked. A similar concept to SPLOMs, the scores are visualized on a lower-left triangle heatmap so that patterns between pairs of features can be easily discerned for downstream analysis.

In this example, we'll use the credit default data set from the UCI Machine Learning repository to rank features. The code below creates our instance matrix and target vector.

=================   ==============================
Visualizers          :class:`~yellowbrick.features.rankd.Rank1D`, :class:`~yellowbrick.features.rankd.Rank2D`
Quick Methods        :func:`~yellowbrick.features.rankd.rank1d`, :func:`~yellowbrick.features.rankd.rank2d`
Models               General Linear Models
Workflow             Feature engineering and model selection
=================   ==============================

Rank 1D
-------

A one-dimensional ranking of features utilizes a ranking algorithm that takes into account only a single feature at a time (e.g. histogram analysis). By default we utilize the Shapiro-Wilk algorithm to assess the normality of the distribution of instances with respect to the feature. A barplot is then drawn showing the relative ranks of each feature.

.. plot::
    :context: close-figs
    :alt: Rank1D on the credit dataset with the Shapiro ranking algorithm

    from yellowbrick.datasets import load_credit
    from yellowbrick.features import Rank1D

    # Load the credit dataset
    X, y = load_credit()

    # Instantiate the 1D visualizer with the Shapiro ranking algorithm
    visualizer = Rank1D(algorithm='shapiro')

    visualizer.fit(X, y)           # Fit the data to the visualizer
    visualizer.transform(X)        # Transform the data
    visualizer.show()              # Finalize and render the figure

Rank 2D
-------

A two-dimensional ranking of features utilizes a ranking algorithm that takes into account pairs of features at a time (e.g. joint plot analysis). The pairs of features are then ranked by score and visualized using the lower left triangle of a feature co-occurence matrix.

By default, the ``Rank2D`` visualizer utilizes the Pearson correlation score to detect colinear relationships.

.. plot::
    :context: close-figs
    :alt: Rank2D on the credit dataset using Pearson ranking algorithm

    from yellowbrick.datasets import load_credit
    from yellowbrick.features import Rank2D

    # Load the credit dataset
    X, y = load_credit()

    # Instantiate the visualizer with the Pearson ranking algorithm
    visualizer = Rank2D(algorithm='pearson')

    visualizer.fit(X, y)           # Fit the data to the visualizer
    visualizer.transform(X)        # Transform the data
    visualizer.show()              # Finalize and render the figure

Alternatively, we can utilize the covariance ranking algorithm, which attempts to compute the mean value of the product of deviations of variates from their respective means. Covariance loosely attempts to detect a colinear relationship between features. Compare the output from Pearson above to the covariance ranking below.

.. plot::
    :context: close-figs
    :alt: Rank2D on the credit dataset with the covariance algorithm

    from yellowbrick.datasets import load_credit
    from yellowbrick.features import Rank2D

    # Load the credit dataset
    X, y = load_credit()

    # Instantiate the visualizer with the covariance ranking algorithm
    visualizer = Rank2D(algorithm='covariance')

    visualizer.fit(X, y)           # Fit the data to the visualizer
    visualizer.transform(X)        # Transform the data
    visualizer.show()              # Finalize and render the figure

Quick Methods
-------------

Similar functionality can be achieved using the one line quick methods, ``rank1d`` and ``rank2d``. These functions instantiate and fit their respective visualizer on the data and immediately show it without having to use the class-based API.

.. plot::
    :context: close-figs
    :alt: rank2d quick method on credit dataset with pearson algorithm

    from yellowbrick.datasets import load_concrete
    from yellowbrick.features import rank1d, rank2d

    # Load the concrete dataset
    X, _ = load_concrete()

    _, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(8,4))

    rank1d(X, ax=axes[0], show=False)
    rank2d(X, ax=axes[1], show=False)
    plt.show()

API Reference
-------------

.. automodule:: yellowbrick.features.rankd
    :members: Rank1D, Rank2D, rank1d, rank2d
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Why the discrepancies between ffprobe and mediainfo.DLL? I wrote some logic to compare information from ffprobe vs. MediaInfo.DLL. Observations and questions:
A) Most of the differences were small variations in the lesser significant digits of various numeric values (bit rate, duration, frames per second), but I had no way to determine which one was actually more accurate. Any thoughts on whether the slight discrepancies between ffprobe's output and MediaInfo.DLL's output are significant, or how to evaluate which one is more accurate?
B) For one WMV file, MediaInfo.DLL reports a Bits Per Sample of 16. My understanding is that BPS and bit depth are just two different names for the same thing, but ffProbe is unable to determine a BitDepth. I think that probably ffProbe is correct because the Audio codec is wmav2, which apparently uses a very low quality lossy compression that probably makes bit depth meaningless. So I'm wondering if maybe MediaInfo.DLL is just seeing the WMA format and blindly assuming 16. Another (AMR) file has a similar thing, where MediaInfo.DLL reports a BitDepth of 14. (In the case of this file, ffProbe reports a bit rate of 9200, compared to 0, as reported by MediInfo.DLL). Is there a reliable way to determine whether the BPS from MediaInfo.DLL is actually meaningful and correct?
C) For one WEBM file, ffProbe shows a video bit rate of 0 as well as an audio bit rate of 0. This video bit rate seems to coincide with the Video Data rate of 0kbs reported for the file on the Details tab of the Properties window for the file. However, MediaInfo.DLL reports a video bit rate of 439316 bps and an audio bit rate of 64000 bps. In this case, the audio bit rate matches the one reported in the File Properties. The only bitrate ffProbe's reports is 533294 (without specifying whether this is supposed to be audio, video, combined, or something else). In the "Even More Information" view from MediaInfo.DLL, this is reported as the overall bit rate. It is sort of in the ballpark of the combined audio and video bitrates, so it may be that some or all of these rates are "target" bit rates (since webm is lossy). I divided the video stream size by the duration in seconds and got 54,914.439... Likewise, for the audio stream, it comes out to an even 8000. So MediaInfo is apparently not just doing the math to calculate an average audio and video bit rate. Any idea what might be going on or whose interpretation of reality is correct?
You can find my sample media files here


Samsung heir Lee Jae-Yong was back in court Thursday to appeal his five-year sentence for bribing South Korea's ousted president Park Geun-Hye, with prosecutors arguing for a longer jail term.
Lee, vice-chairman of Samsung Electronics, was found guilty in August of bribery, perjury and other charges relating to payments made by Samsung to Park's secret confidante Choi Soon-Sil, but the 49-year-old's lawyers argue he is innocent.
"The evidence-only principle was pushed aside," lead counsel, lawyer Lee In-Jae, said at the appeal trial at the Seoul High Court.
The original verdict found that a total of 8.9 billion won ($7.9 million) was paid in return for favours including government support for Lee's succession at Samsung after his father was left bedridden by a heart attack in 2014.
Wearing a dark suit and white shirt with no tie, Lee looked gloomy in the courtroom as his lawyers argued that the payments were not bribes but donations to support athletes -- which happened to include Choi's equestrian daughter.
Lawyer Lee In-Jae said there was no material evidence to back charges that Lee asked for policy favours when he met Park in 2014.
Four other Samsung executives convicted on the same charges and given sentences ranging from four years to suspended terms were present at the appeal hearing.
Prosecutors are also appealing part of the original verdict, which found Lee innocent of some of the bribery charges, and are calling for harsher sentences for all the five.
The lower court should have included as bribes another 20.4 billion won that Samsung funnelled into two dubious foundations controlled by Choi, prosecutors claim.
The lower court said Park was aware that Lee wanted state approval for a controversial merger of two Samsung units in 2015, seen as a key step to ensuring his accession.
The deal was opposed by shareholders who said it wilfully undervalued shares of one of the firms. But it eventually went through after the National Pension Fund -- a major Samsung shareholder -- approved it.
A prosecutor said the five-year jail sentence was "too light" when taking into account the damage inflicted upon millions of subscribers to the National Pension Fund.
"The operations for Lee's succession were maximizing Lee's gains by sacrificing... shareholders' and pensioners' interest", Prosecutor Park Ju-Seong said.
A verdict on the appeal is expected by February 2018.
Park, the first female president in South Korea, was impeached and arrested in March and indicted in April on a total of 18 charges including corruption and power abuse. She is being held in solitary confinement.
The lower court's verdict on Park is likely to come next month.
0 Response to "Appeal trial for Samsung heir starts in Seoul"


Let`s make the world brighter!
JSC «Lida Plant of Electrical products» is the largest industrial enterprise of the Republic of Belarus, which produces lighting products in a wide range.
JSC «Lida Plant of Electrical products» is the largest industrial enterprise of the Republic of Belarus, which produces lighting products in a wide range. All products that are produced by our company are certified according to European standards, that is confirmed by the CE mark.
At the present time been formed dealer network which has successfully realize the more than 100 kinds of products in the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Tajikistan and other CIS countries.
If you are active, responsible, purposeful, and you like to make money - that means you to us. If you have a little experience, but you feel that you can succeed - come!
JSC «Lida Electricals Factory» took part in the Republican Universal Exhibition-Fair "Euroregion Neman-2016"
JSC "Minsk electrotechnical plant named after V. I. Kozlov"


text:
using System;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

using AM;

namespace UnitTests.AM
{
    [TestClass]
    public class PredicateBuilderTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void PredicateBuilder_True_1()
        {
            var trueFunc = PredicateBuilder.True<int>().Compile();
            Assert.IsTrue(trueFunc(0));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void PredicateBuilder_True_2()
        {
            var trueFunc = PredicateBuilder.True().Compile();
            Assert.IsTrue(trueFunc());
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void PredicateBuilder_False_1()
        {
            var falseFunc = PredicateBuilder.False<int>().Compile();
            Assert.IsFalse(falseFunc(0));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void PredicateBuilder_False_2()
        {
            var falseFunc = PredicateBuilder.False().Compile();
            Assert.IsFalse(falseFunc());
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void PredicateBuilder_Create_1()
        {
            var func = PredicateBuilder.Create<int>(x => x > 0).Compile();
            Assert.IsTrue(func(10));
            Assert.IsFalse(func(-10));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void PredicateBuilder_Or_1()
        {
            var func1 = PredicateBuilder.Create<int>(x => x > 0);
            var func2 = PredicateBuilder.Create<int>(x => x < -100);
            var orFunc = func1.Or(func2).Compile();
            Assert.IsTrue(orFunc(10));
            Assert.IsTrue(orFunc(-110));
            Assert.IsFalse(orFunc(-10));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void PredicateBuilder_And_1()
        {
            var func1 = PredicateBuilder.Create<int>(x => x > 0);
            var func2 = PredicateBuilder.Create<int>(x => x < 100);
            var andFunc = func1.And(func2).Compile();
            Assert.IsTrue(andFunc(10));
            Assert.IsFalse(andFunc(-10));
            Assert.IsFalse(andFunc(110));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void PredicateBuilder_Not_1()
        {
            var func = PredicateBuilder.Create<int>(x => x > 0);
            var notFunc = func.Not().Compile();
            Assert.IsTrue(notFunc(-10));
            Assert.IsFalse(notFunc(10));
        }
    }
}


It's here and it's updated! …again! I know everyone in the US could not view my other video, so I decided to update it and upload the new version! I hope you all enjoy and I'm so thankful for the positive response and shares of the first one I hope you do the same with this one! It took about ten tries to export and I hope it was worth it lol Enjoy!