text:
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10 Best Laptops With Backlit Keyboard For 2021
/ Best Laptops For...
/ By	Marcus
Benefit of having a Backlit Keyboard Laptop
Our Top Picks for Best Laptops with Illuminated Keyboard
1. Apple MacBook Pro 13
2. ASUS ZenBook UX331UX
4. ASUS VivoBook K570UD
6. Dell XPS 9360-4841SLV
7. Acer Aspire S 13
8. Dell Inspiron i7559-2512BLK
9. ASUS ZenBook UX330UA-AH54
10. HP Pavilion 15
ASUS ZENBOOK UX331UA
ASUS VivoBook K570UD
BLW's Score
Intel Core i5 (up to 3.6 GHz)
13.3'' Retina Display (2560 x 1600)
13.3'' FHD Wide (1920 x 1080)
15'' Retina Display (2560 x 1600)
15.6'' FHD (1920 x 1080)
13.3'' HD+ (2560 x 1600)
Intel Iris Plus Graphics 645
Radeon Pro 555x Graphics
Note: Our comparison table only shows our top 5 picks. You can find the other recommendations within this article.
Laptops with backlit keyboards are not only popular because of the attraction but also for the exact reason they were made for. Most of the high-end gaming laptops as well as ultrabooks come with such keyboards and they are surely a necessity for those who prefer working in dark environment.
Since 2015, LED-backlit keyboards are trending and even now they have a huge demand. Recently, we have seen a couple of budget laptops that include such feature and if I were on low budget I would grab one of them as soon as possible.
Here we will be reviewing 10 of the best laptops with backlit keyboards that offer not only fantastic typing experience but also powerful specifications.
Most of the laptop brands tend to include such keyboards in their top of the line notebooks and I hope you are prepared to spend some big bucks on your new laptop with backlit keyboard.
Lately, everyone is looking for a laptop with latest features and hardware including illuminated keyboard and SSD. It might be hard to believe but I have seen a customer who rejected a great machine just because it was lacking a backlit keyboard.
The main and biggest benefit of having a backlit keyboard is that you can easily use your laptop in dark rooms. These days most of the people carry around their notebooks while traveling and that's another reason to own a laptop with backlit keyboard.
I understand there are many computer users who don't even look at the keyboard while typing but there are times when you have to enter some special characters, numbers or even combinations of keys.
That's where such keyboards are extremely helpful and we're sure you will find a suitable laptop with backlit keyboard here.
Not many people know but almost all MacBooks come with a backlit keyboard and that's surely not that only reason to go with it. It may not be affordable for everyone as the newest model with 128 GB SSD will cost you somewhere around $1000.
This model is available in 2 colors, Silver and Space Gray. It's suitable for all types of users including businessmen and college students. It's packed with a 13-inch Retina display that delivers the maximum resolution of 2560 by 1600.
It's an excellent choice for day to day tasks like watching movies and listening music as well as intense tasks like rendering and video editing.
It comes with an Intel Core i5 processor, Intel Iris 645 graphics, 8 GB of RAM and 128 GB SSD. MacBooks are not recommended for gaming as they come with Apple's Mac OS which is not supported by most of the games and also MacBooks usually don't come with the most powerful graphics cards.
While being the most stylish laptop, it also comes with two Thunderbolt 3 ports (USB-C) making it one of the best laptops with backlit keyboard.
8th-generation Intel Core i5-8250U
If you're looking for a premium Windows laptop with backlit keyboard then the ASUS ZenBook UX331UX is what you need. ASUS launched this machine almost a year ago and it's famous for its powerful specs and glowing design.
The laptop comes with 6th generation Intel Core i5-8250U processor which is precisely something that anyone would expect for such price. Its other specifications include 8 GB of RAM, 256 GB SSD and Intel UHD Graphics 620 integrated graphics. It packs a 13-inch IPS FHD display with resolution of 1920 by 1080.
It can also be used for gaming as it packs enough power to handle most of the latest games. It's a good alternative for Microsoft Surface Book if you're looking for portability and it comes with a full year or accidental damage protection as well as warranty.
It's available in two different variants and you can decide which one you want, medium model and top one. Overall, it's a great touchscreen laptop that is lightweight, slim and sturdy.
Apple MacBooks are one of the first laptops to introduce backlit keyboards. If you are ready for a high-end laptop, then you must consider the MacBook Pro 15 as a serious contender. But this is definitely not a budget laptop.
It offers excellent performance and is currently available in 2 colors. It's able to handle any application such as Adobe Photoshop, Sony Vegas Pro, etc. Its hardware includes 256 GB ultrafast SSD drive, an Intel Core i7 processor, and 16 GB of RAM. If you have even more money to spend, you can get one of these with an i9 processor and a 512GB SSD.
The 15-inch Retina display comes with resolution of 2880 by 1800 pixels and a Radeon Pro 555x Graphics GPU. When it comes to portability, it's reasonably lightweight, weighing in just 4 lbs. If you have the money to spend and have demanding requirements, this is the laptop for you. You can also get this model with an i7 processor and a smaller SSD and save several hundred dollars.
The ASUS VivoBook K570UD is one of the most recognizable casual gaming laptops at the $1000 price point and it comes with a full-size backlit keyboard and fingerprint reader. Since its launch, it has been one of the best-selling notebooks. We highly recommend it to gamers on budget.
The 15-inch full HD display features a resolution of 1920 by 1080 pixels and it comes with a NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 gaming GPU. This is all driven by the power of an 8th generation Intel Core i7-8550U processor with 16 GB of RAM for its use.
There's plenty of storage space with the 1 TB Hybrid drive so this won't be an issue for gamers. The 256GB SSD will improve the boot times and game loading while the larger HDD will serve to store files that don't need as much load speed.
It runs on Windows 10 and is an excellent value for money. For a gaming laptop, it's very thin and lightweight with lots of aluminum for most of its body parts.
Overall, it's a premium level laptop for the price of budget laptops. We highly recommend it to gamers and power users that need a thin and light laptop.
If you're looking for an extremely portable notebook then the Apple MacBook Air is something you'll want to consider. It's highly recognized for its long lasting battery life of up to 12 hours.
It offers a backlit keyboard that could be extremely useful in dark rooms and now includes a Retina display which had been lacking in the past. Thanks to its Intel Core i5 processor, it can easily run powerful applications with ease.
It also includes 8 GB of RAM, 256 GB Flash storage and Intel UHD 617 graphics. It sports a 13-inch display with resolution of 2560 by 1600 pixels. If you don't need the high resolution screen you can save a bit of money by choosing a model without the Retina display.
When it comes to battery life, it has no competition and it also offers amazing specifications that make it stronger than ever. Overall, it's definitely an excellent choice if mobility is all you want and we mostly recommend it to college students and businessmen.
7th generation Intel Core i7-7500u
I guess that's enough with MacBooks and I know there are people out there who strictly want a Windows laptop. So here you go, the Dell XPS 9360-4841SLV is certainly one of the best laptops with backlit keyboard and powerful specifications.
It comes with latest 7th generation Intel Core i7-7500U processor which is able to handle plenty of latest games. I know this isn't a gaming machine but one can surely use it to play some of the high-end titles.
It also features 8 GB of RAM, 256 GB SSD and Intel HD 620 graphics. Sporting a 13-inch QHD touch display with resolution of 3200 by 1800 pixels, it's one of the best touchscreens we've seen recently.
Its backlit keyboard delivers a real and tactile feel which makes it an excellent choice for travelers as well as writers. If we compare it with MacBook Air then it might be better when it comes to design but it's not even close with performance. All in all, it's among the best premium laptops that even gamers can use for casual gaming.
6th Generation Intel Core i5-6200U Processor
8GB LPDDR3 RAM
Acer is known for their quality laptops for affordable prices and the Acer Aspire S 13 is no different. It's a 13-inch portable machine that comes with a non-touch full HD IPS display and 11 hours of battery life.
It certainly is the best laptop under $700 and comes in two different colors, Black and White. It includes a 6th generation Intel Core i5-6200U processor along with 8 GB of RAM and 256 GB of SSD.
I know it's nothing that great to make you go crazy about it as there are many good laptops with backlit keyboard. However, it's the best choice for people looking for a portable laptop and it's also available in few other variants where you can get more powerful processor, storage space and touchscreen display.
Even though it's made using the plastic chassis, it is solid compared to ordinary budget laptops and it surely does feels very premium. Overall, it's a great PC for businessmen on the go and it's also suitable for power tasks.
Intel Quad Core i7-6700HQ 2.6 GHz Processor
8GB SSD + 1TB HDD
Dell Inspiron is one of the oldest laptop series that has produced number of affordable and quality laptops. It features incredibly powerful hardware including Intel Core i7-6700HQ processor and backlit keyboard.
For such price, it's not only sturdy but also stylish and lightweight. Storage wise, it comes with a 1 TB of HDD as well as 8 GB of SSD for quick booting. Its 8 GB RAM should be good enough to handle most of your programs and games with ease.
If you're really serious about getting the best laptop with backlit keyboard then this is surely what you need. Its full size keyboard is more than what you'd expect from Dell and while I was personally testing it, I felt extremely pleased and comfortable.
I also tested number of games on it such as The Sims 4, World of Warcraft, Minecraft and Fallout 4. These games were running flawlessly without any slowness and lags. However, we also recommend it for non-gaming purposes such as graphics designing, photo editing and writing.
Here comes another one of the best 13-inch laptop with a backlit keyboard. The ASUS ZenBook UX330UA is also listed in our guide of best aluminum laptops. It might not be all popular for having a backlit keyboard, but it surely is for its slim and robust design which is very similar to MacBook Air.
In many ways, I'd say it's better than the MacBook Air as it is way cheaper, packs better processor and comes with SSD as well as a fingerprint reader. Its specifications include 7th generation Intel Core i5-7200U processor, 256 GB of SSD and 8 GB DDR3 RAM.
It comes with quad speakers from Harman Kardon and ASUS Golden Ear, and it delivers extremely clear audio quality. We also recommend it for video editing as well as other intense tasks that you might want to do on your laptop.
Overall, it's equipped with everything that you'd want in a portable ultrabook and it's certainly a great performer. So if you're looking for the best budget ultrabook then this exactly what you should consider.
When it comes to the best laptop with backlit keyboard, HP is a string contender. The Pavilion 15 is solid performer that comes with 12 GB of RAM, huge 1TB hard drive and a fast Intel Core i7-7500U processor.
The 15.6" display is full HD (1920 x 1080) using IPS technology. The images are bright and sharp, but don't expect to do anything but light-duty gaming with the integrated Intel HD Graphics 620 graphics processor.
The laptop is thin and the weight is better than average at 4.2 lbs. This is a reasonably portable laptop that we highly recommend to business users as it can be extremely helpful for meetings, conferences and even while traveling.
Like most of the other listed machines, this one also includes a full size backlit keyboard and a large touchpad. Overall, the feature set for this laptop provides great value for the price.
You certainly know a lot now about the laptops with a backlit keyboard, and we believe you've already finalized a suitable machine.
You should also know that MacBooks are more than best for a backlit keyboard, but if you're not looking for Mac OS, then we also have some good options from ASUS, Acer, Dell, and Toshiba.
We do not recommend these notebooks for gaming and if you're a gamer or even a casual gamer then feel free to check our gaming laptop guides.
About the Author	Marcus
10 Best Gaming Laptops Under $600 – 2021
HP Pavilion 17 A10 Review – A 2021 Deep Dive
The ASUS Vivobook F510UA Review – A 2021 Deep Dive
Best Budget Laptop For Podcasting For 2021 [Our Reviews and Comparisons]
Best Rechargeable Wireless Keyboard For 2021 [Our Reviews and Comparisons]
12 Best Gaming Tablets Under $200 2021
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Why climate information and services?
'Adapt to what exactly?' is the first question a decision-maker may ask when faced with the need to prepare for the consequences of climate change. Without knowing the expected changes in climatic conditions, proactive and anticipatory adaptation approaches are difficult. We might identify no-regret/low-regret measures that are suitable to different climate change scenarios, but the more we know, the better our responses can be. In a changing climate, we therefore need usable climate information and services to support adaptive management and decision-making.
What are climate information products and services?
Tangible climate information products range from global emission scenarios and climate model outputs to local impact and vulnerability assessment results. Generating these products requires data and information from various fields of research. Climate information products can describe historical, current and future climate conditions. They can entail future predictions and projections on monthly, seasonal or decadal timescales and their impact on natural and human systems. Climate services can be understood as those activities that deal with generating and providing this information to a wide range of users in order to support climate resilient development. As we are dealing with a rather new field of activity, the concept of climate services still needs to be defined more clearly in close collaboration with users.
Who provides climate information and services?
With regards to providing climate change information and services, there is no long-standing, well-established tradition. Taking future climate developments into account is a rather new and fast-growing field of activities and actors. As there are various types of climate information, there are various sources for support, ranging from national research institutes to National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) to global and regional information platforms. Recently, a growing number of governments are starting to customise climate information and target it to specific users based on their experience in weather forecasting. The formal UN-wide framework that supports the development of climate services is the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) led by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
What makes climate information usable?
In order to make a well-informed adaptation decision, decision-makers and their advisors have to make use of climate information. The information provider-user relationship is crucial here. Due to different perspectives, there is often a gap between what providers understand as useful information and what users recognise as usable. Information providers may not completely know potential users' decision-making processes and contexts, so sometimes the information that is produced remains unused. Or given their limited understanding of the matter, decision-makers might misinterpret climate information and make the wrong decisions. Explaining the level of uncertainty associated with a particular product is also vital, and therefore the exchange and dialogue between the user and the provider side is of utmost importance.
Climate Information & Services "at a glance"


text:
Items tagged with Ultra
by Brandon Hill - Tue, Mar 29, 2016
Sony Ultra 4K And HDR Streaming Service Debuts April 4th
Sony first announced its Ultra 4K streaming service earlier this year, and we're now learning that it will launch early next month — April 4th to be specific. However, this won't be an all-you-can-eat buffet as you might expect with streaming 4K content from Amazon or Netflix. Instead, you'll be purchasing titles at a hefty $30 each and will Read more...
by Marco Chiappetta - Mon, Oct 19, 2009
Ultra Products Unleashes X4 Modular Power Supplies
Ultra Products has just announced a new line of fully modular power supplies, dubbed the X4. We have actually had one of the 1050W units in house for a couple of weeks now and think it is a solid product. Our Ultra X4 has been used to power Core 2, Lynnfield, and Bloomfield test-beds for recent articles, and we really took it to task on an... Read more...
by Matthew Shaw - Sat, Nov 15, 2008
Sweden's Ultra-Modern Underground Data Center
Underneath Stockholm, deep in the bedrock exists a data center better than any high tech lair Hollywood could probably dream up. Bahnhof, one of Sweden's largest ISP's has created a bunker of high tech goodness that is surely to astound. The facility is called Pionen and once you get past the 16 inch thick entrance doors into the once nuclear... Read more...
by Marco Chiappetta - Wed, Sep 24, 2008
Gigabyte Introduces Ultra Durable 3 Technology
GIGABYTE Introduces Latest Ultra Durable 3 Motherboard TechnologyCopper Cooled Quality for up to 50°C Lower Working Temperature City of Industry, CA, September 24th, 2008 – GIGABYTE UNITED INC., a leading manufacturer of motherboards and graphics cards today is pleased to introduce their revolutionary Ultra Durable 3 technology, the industry's... Read more...
by Daniel A. Begun - Tue, Sep 02, 2008
Feeling Virtual Environments With Ultrasound
Force feedback has become commonplace in today's game controllers. To many, the simulated forces create a more realistic game-play environment. A group of scientists at the University of Tokyo in Japan are on working on a new technology that can potentially allow force feedback-type sensations and controller input without the need of a joystick... Read more...
by Dave Altavilla - Tue, Aug 26, 2008
Lenovo's ThinkPad X200 Ultraportable Notebook
Today we've got a detailed look at Lenovo's new ThinkPad X200. Though it may appear that the X200 is an offshoot of Lenovo's ThinkPad X300, the ThinkPad X200 is actually more of a successor and direct descendant of their ThinkPad X61 line. This is clearly evident both in the X200's design and its specifications. Lenovo's X300 tries... Read more...
by Michael Lin - Tue, Aug 26, 2008
Lenovo ThinkPad X200 Ultraportable Notebook
The Lenovo ThinkPad X300, released earlier this year, was quite an exciting product and Hot Hardware wasn't the only publication to award it an Editor's Choice (our review). With its svelte form-factor, LED backlighting, solid state hard drive and unique, ultra thin optical drive, the X300 is a standout product packed full of cutting... Read more...
Features, Laptops, Mobile
by Marco Chiappetta - Tue, Jul 01, 2008
Ridata Ultra-S Single-Level Cell (SLC) SSDs
Ridata 2.5" IDE Ultra-S Solid -State Drive Series Features Single Layer Cell Reliability for the Industrial Market SLC SSD is Ideal for Many Demanding Industrial Applications Including Testing/Monitoring Systems, Medical/Military Equipment, Automotive and Avionics Systems. Diamond Bar, Calif. –7/1/2008 – Advanced Media, Inc., is a manufacturer... Read more...
OCZ Unveils Ultra-Portable Spyder USB 2.0 Drive
OCZ Technology Expands its Diverse Flash Lineup with the new Ultra-Portable Spyder USB 2.0 drive Sunnyvale, CA—June 11, 2008 —OCZ Technology Group, a worldwide leader in innovative, ultra-high performance and high reliability memory, today announced the latest addition to its award-winning lineup of performance flash drives with the all-new... Read more...
Dell Ultrasharp 2408WFP 24" Widescreen LCD
Dell's lineup of flat panel displays have proven themselves to be reliable, stylish, and typically right on par price-wise with some of the most inexpensive LCD monitors on the market. They've delivered exceptional bang for the buck, and throughout the years, they've managed to improve the quality of the screens and the overall feature sets... Read more...
by Chris Connolly - Wed, Jun 04, 2008
We're willing to bet that many of you have wildly varied opinions of Dell. Some no doubt consider them a huge, monolithic corporation who pushes out generic computers without a soul; while others consider them to be pioneers of the low-cost PC movement, who (almost) single-handedly made computers available to nearly every price point.... Read more...
Asus Eee PC 900 Ultra Mobile PC
We're writing to let you all know that we have just posted a new article at HotHardware in which we evaluate the new Asus Eee PC 900. As most of you know, due to the success of the original Eee PCs, Asus followed up with numerous accessories and multi-colored models in the months after their initial release. The follow-up units... Read more...
Soon after we began posting images and information regarding the original Asus Eee PC from the Computex show in Taipei in June of last year, we knew Asus had a hot product on their hands. In fact, our initial hands-on preview of the Eee PC was so popular, it has actually been one of the most heavily trafficked articles we've ever... Read more...
Features, Mobile, Laptops
by Marco Chiappetta - Fri, May 09, 2008
MSI Unveils Titan 700 Ultra Small Form Factor PC
MSI has just announced a brand new ultra small form factor PC, dubbed the Titan 700. The tiny machine features a 2.0GHz VIA C7 processor, a mini-ITX motherboard, and a compact case with a volume of only 3.1L. The motherboard's CN700 norhtbridge sports a VIA Graphics (S3) UniChrome Pro IGP, and other features include a slim optical drive,... Read more...
by Marco Chiappetta - Thu, Apr 17, 2008
Just in case you missed it, we're writing to let you all know that we have just posted a new article here at HotHardware in which we evaluate the features and performance of Lenovo's sleek ThinkPad X300 ultra portable notebook. According to Lenovo, the ThinkPad X300 was designed to be the most efficient notebook the company has ever... Read more...
by Jeff Bouton - Thu, Apr 17, 2008
While he may not have invented the Internet, Al Gore has played a major role in bringing the issue of Global Warming to the masses. In his book and movie "An Inconvenient Truth", Gore made a compelling case, and whether his message convinced you or not, one thing is certain, it's clear people were listening. Today, there... Read more...
by Marco Chiappetta - Wed, Apr 09, 2008
Dell To Enter The Ultra-Portable Fray
Yesterday news regarding the availability of HP's ultra portable Mini-Note PC broke and generated some buzz. But ever since ASUS first unveiled the EeePC other players like Everex, Acer, and ECS, among others, have all announced or introduced similar, relatively low priced, portable solutions. And according to a story posted on... Read more...
by Chris Angelini - Tue, Apr 01, 2008
Intel's Ultra-Portable Atom: Unveiled
Do you remember the original Pentium 4? It launched at 1.5 GHz and gave us our first bittersweet taste of the NetBurst microarchitecture, which Intel would use to replace the P6 design.When the Pentium 4 began its life, Intel manufactured the chips on a 180 nm node. The 42 million transistors that went into those first Pentium 4s - internally... Read more...
Features, Mobile, Systems, Processors, Mobile, Systems, PC Components
by Marco Chiappetta - Tue, Apr 01, 2008
Intel is formally announcing a brand new processor today that it hopes will drive the next generation of mobile Internet devices. Intel's new platform for MIDs is called Menlow. And whereas the previous generation McCaslin platform was found in ultra low-voltage notebooks, Menlow is the processor and chipset combination you'll find in... Read more...
by Michael Santo - Thu, Mar 20, 2008
ASUS Launches Ultra-light Leather-Bound Notebook
ASUS Launches Stylish Ultra-light Leather-Bound Notebook--ASUS U2E Integrates Luxury, Style and Functionality into an 11-inch- 2.7lbs. Hand-Crafted Notebook--FREMONT, CALIFORNIA (March 19, 2007) -ASUS today announced availability of the long-anticipated U2E, the perfect companion for road warriors. The 11-inch all-in-one leather crafted notebook... Read more...
NVIDIA nForce 790i SLI Ultra and GeForce 9800 GX2
Way back in late 2006, NVIDIA simultaneously unveiled a new flagship GPU and desktop chipset that became the foundation of what NVIDIA was calling the "ultimate gaming platform". At the time, the combination of a pair of GeForce 8800 GTX graphics cards and an nForce 680i SLI-based motherboard was clearly the most powerful hardware combo... Read more...
Features, Motherboards, Graphics/Sound, Motherboards, PC Components, PC Components
Dell Quietly Introduces UltraSharp 2408WFP LCD
Today Dell quietly introduced the new UltraSharp 2408WFP 24" widescreen flat panel display, as you can see it is already available for sale on Dell's site. Like the 3008WFP we evaluated here, the 2408WFP supports DisplayPort connectivity which will become increasingly more common as the next generation of graphics cards roll in. ... Read more...


text:
"""An extended version of :mod:`lino_xl.lib.countries` which adds the
"INS code" fields to `Country` and `Place` for the classification
codes of the Belgian statistical institute .

.. autosummary::
   :toctree:

    fixtures

"""

from lino_xl.lib.countries import *

class Plugin(Plugin):
    extends_models = ['Country', 'Place']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Illinois Equine Humane Center
HUGE TACK SALE/11 YR ANNIVERSARY-JULY 20!
Older News But Still Good News!
Supporters of ILEHC
Founders, Founder's Club
Adopt/Foster/Sponsor
Horses Available For Adoption >
Foster Care, Sponsorships and Adoption
Esther Egg
Scooter Roach
Help & Events
Esther Egg (Iggy) - Rest in Peace, Run Like the Wind
Iggy Comes Home!
123 starts with 24 wins; in the money 61 times; $464,228 earnings....The kind of horse that surely they were referring to when the term "Iron Horse" was coined! Esther Egg was officially retired to the ILEHC in 2008 after an incredible career. To read Iggy's story, click here....
ILEHC Says Good-Bye to Iggy
It is with great shock and sadness that we share the news that our beloved Iggy passed away suddenly Saturday evening. Iggy was the absolute picture of health and has never been sick a day in his life since coming to the ILEHC over 7 years ago. His sudden and unexpected passing has been unsettling and in an effort to find some closure, we sent his body for necropsy exam; inconclusive. At only 21 years of age and in seemingly perfect health, it makes one wonder just what toll the 11 years of racing and drugs might have cost him.
Iggy was the first horse the ILEHC accepted into the organization when we started on this journey in 2008. At that time, Iggy was 13 years old and was still racing in bottom level claiming races. Having 123 starts and nearly $500,000 in earnings, this poor old war horse had finished last in several races and it was clear that he was fast headed to the slaughter pipeline like so many others who are no longer successful on the track. The ILEHC could not and would not let that happen, so a deal was brokered for Iggy to be relinquished to us where he would be afforded the safe and happy retirement he so richly deserved - which he earned and enjoyed. Our Champion Iggy will be sorely missed. (January 2016)
Scooter Roach (Scooter)
The long and illustrious racing career of Illinois-bred Scooter Roach came to a story-book close in the spring of 2010 when, at age 11, he was permanently retired from racing and into the care of the Illinois Equine Humane Center. Scooter retired as one of Illinois' most successful state-breds with 15 wins from 88 starts and almost $843,000 in total earnings! Click here to read the story of this long-time fan favorite....


text:
Neoadjuvant sirolimus for a large hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)
Francesca Bergamo1,
Marco Maruzzo1,
Umberto Basso1,
Maria Cristina Montesco2,
Vittorina Zagonel1,
Enrico Gringeri3 &
Umberto Cillo3
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare soft-tissue tumors with an extremely heterogeneous clinical behavior. They may arise in different organs and may behave indolently or sometimes metastasize with different grades of biological aggressiveness. We report the case of a young woman with a primary inoperable PEComa of the liver with malignant histological features. Since the mTOR pathway is often altered in PEComas and responses have been reported with mTOR-inhibitors such as sirolimus or temsirolimus, we decided to start a neoadjuvant treatment with sirolimus. The patient tolerated the treatment fairly well and after 8 months a favorable tumor shrinkage was obtained. The patient then stopped sirolimus and 2 weeks later underwent partial liver resection, with complete clinical recovery and normal liver function. The histological report confirmed a malignant PEComa with vascular invasion and negative margins. Then 6 additional months of post-operative sirolimus treatment were administered, followed by regular radiological follow-up. For patients with a large and histologically aggressive PEComa, we think that neoadjuvant treatment with mTOR-inhibitor sirolimus may be considered to facilitate surgery and allow early control of a potentially metastatic disease. For selected high-risk patients, the option of adjuvant treatment may be discussed.
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous, rare and complex group of mesenchymal tumors, which can occur at any age and in any part of the body. Rarity of the disease, heterogeneity of the site, grade and histology have been the major determinants for the controversial results obtained in clinical studies conducted so far in the management of localized sarcomas [1].
The term perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) was first introduced by Zamboni et al. [2] to describe a family of soft-tissue tumors characterized by melanocytic and smooth muscle differentiation that may arise in different organs and are considered ubiquitous tumors. The distinctive feature of PEComa is the perivascular epithelioid cell, a mesenchymal cell type frequently seen adjacent to blood vessels. The so-called PEComa family of tumors encompasses additional clinical entities such as angiomyolipoma, clear-cell sugar tumors of the lung, lymphangioleiomyomatosis and unusual clear-cell tumors of various organs [3]. Their biological behavior is extremely heterogeneous, ranging from indolent and benign forms to aggressive tumors with malignant transformation and metastatic potential [4].
Due to the rarity and different sites of presentation, the management of these tumors is still a matter of debate in terms of the timing of surgery and the need formultimodal treatments. Here we report the case of a young woman with a primitive PEComa of the liver who underwent radical resection after neoadjuvant treatment with sirolimus.
A 31-year-old woman was first referred to our institution in January 2012 because vomiting and gastric reflux had prompted a liver echography and a large hepatic mass had been found. The patient was on an antidepressant drug (ziprasidone) plus lansoprazole. She underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which showed a voluminous, richly vascularized mass occupying the right lobe of the liver (Figure 1a). The biopsy showed sheets of large epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Scattered multinuclear giant cells were present. Mitotic activity was 4/50 high power fields (HPF) and tumor necrosis was not observed (Figure 2). Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for MelanA and microphthalmia transcription factor (MIFT), and focally positive for HMB-45, desmin and smooth muscle actin. Lymphovascular invasion was found in the specimen. A diagnosis of epithelioid angiomyolipoma with high-grade cellular atypia (epithelioid PEComa with malignant potential) was therefore made, according to the criteria proposed by Folpe and Kwiatkowski [4].
Liver MRI scans. (a) At first diagnosis. (b) After 8 months of sirolimus, showing a very good radiological response.
Tumor histology at first diagnosis.
A total body computed tomography scan excluded the presence of extra-hepatic disease and hematology, renal and liver function tests were normal. Our gastrointestinal Multidisciplinary Team discussed surgical options but in consideration of the volume of the disease, very close to hepatic veins, we decided to postpone surgery and consider neoadjuvant treatment. PEComas are usually considered chemoresistant tumors, but published reports of responses obtained with the mTOR-inhibitors sirolimus and temsirolimus [5–9] provided the rationale for the use of an agent of this class.
Two months later the patient started therapy with oral sirolimus 2 mg per day continuatively, as compassionate use authorized by the local Ethics Committee (Comitato Etico of Istituto Oncologico Veneto (Padova, Italy)). In the absence of toxicity at day 15, the dose was increased to 3 mg per day. Her sirolimus plasma concentration was regularly checked due to the risk that liver involvement by the tumor and concomitant medications could alter drug clearance. Trough values were in the range from 12.6 to 20.1 μg/l, and therefore within therapeutic range. Over the following weeks the patient experienced gastrointestinal toxicity (diarrhea and gastric reflux, grade 2 according to CTCAE), and so loperamide and analgesics were administered and there were a few short treatment interruptions.
After 3 months, an MRI scan demonstrated a partial response of the mass, with colliquation of its inner part and a reduction of the internal vascularization. Thus, sirolimus was continued at the same dosage for another 5 months, when a new radiological assessment showed further shrinkage of the tumor (Figure 1b).
After a multidisciplinary discussion confirmed resectability of the mass, the patient stopped taking sirolimus and 2 weeks later underwent resection of segments IVb, V and VI. The surgical procedure was carried out free of complications, with full recovery. All surgical margins were negative at the final histological examination, which confirmed malignant PEComa with vascular invasion.
The presence of intravascular tumor cells is a strongly adverse prognostic factor for relapse of breast, colon and other types of tumors, while its role in sarcomas is not universally recognized [10]. However, in consideration of the size and the malignant features of this tumor, as well as fairly good tolerability of the drug, we decided to administer 6 additional months of sirolimus as post-operative treatment, still ongoing at the time of this writing.
The definition of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasia or PEComa encompasses several types of tumors including angiomyolipoma, clear-cell sugar tumors of the lung, lymphangioleiomyomatosis and unusual clear-cell tumors occurring in the kidney, pancreas, uterus or liver, among others [3]. The majority of PEComas arise in women, with a median age of 38 years [6]. They may arise in different anatomical sites, even if they seem to occur with more frequency in the retroperitoneum, abdominal cavity and other viscera such as the gastrointestinal tract, pelvis and liver [3, 4].
PEComas are generally benign tumors, and usually do not recur after surgical resection; however, a subgroup of PEComas exhibits a combination of infiltrative growth, atypical mitotic figures, high mitotic index and marked hypercellularity. These lesions have a malignant behavior, with either local recurrence or metastatic spread, commonly in the lungs. Folpe and Kwiatkowski [4] reported an association between malignant clinical behavior and a tumor size greater than 5 cm, histological infiltrative pattern, more than 1 mitosis/50 HPF and a high nuclear grade.
PEComas may be associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder caused by genetic alterations of the TSC1 (9q34) or TSC2 (16p13.3) genes [11], and characterized by mental retardation, seizures and multiple tumors in different sites [12]. The role of the TSC genes in the pathogenesis of sporadic PEComa has still to be elucidated, but recent data suggest that small deletions or mutations (inactivating or missense) in genes TSC1 or TSC2 may account for loss of TSC2 expression in those tumors [5, 13]. For a series of 15 PEComas, Kenerson et al. [14] reported the immunohistochemical evidence of mTORC1 activity, which suggests loss of TSC1 or TSC2. The loss of heterozygosity in the TSC1 or TSC2 region has also been reported in seven cases of PEComa by Pan et al. [15]. These data support inhibition of mTOR as a rational strategy for treating tumors occurring in TSC or those harboring TSC-related mutations.
Due to its rarity, data on medical treatment for PEComas originate from small case series, most of which employed the mTOR-inhibitor sirolimus. Wagner et al. treated three patients with sirolimus, all of whom showed a radiographic responses [5]. Bissler et al. [7] described a program of 12 months of treatment followed by 12 months of observation for angiomyolipoma, reporting a 53% volume reduction during active therapy, but also 86% regrowth during the observation period. This experience underlines the role of continuative therapy to maintain tumor shrinkage. A case of facial angiofibroma associated with TSC and treated with sirolimus has been published [8]. One significant response has been reported with temsirolimus, an alternative mTOR inhibitor that requires weekly intravenous injections [9].
Our patient was diagnosed with a large and aggressive variant of a PEComa, which showed significant shrinkage after upfront treatment with sirolimus. This allowed radical removal of the mass without surgical complications or sequelae. The tolerability of this agent was fairly good although there were some short treatment breaks due to gastrointestinal toxicity. The sirolimus plasma concentration was regularly checked to ensure that any impairment of liver metabolism due to tumor involvement or interactions with concomitant medications (ziprasidone and analgesics) did not expose the patient to excessive drug concentrations.
This case is, to our knowledge, the first report of the use of neoadjuvant sirolimus for malignant PEComa achieving a significant impact on patient management and with a possibly curative potential. This confirms the importance of mTOR pathway inhibition in the treatment of these rare tumors. Tumors deemed inoperable or with borderline resectability may therefore be evaluated early for systemic neoadjuvant treatment with sirolimus to obtain tumor shrinkage and facilitate surgical removal. The option of adjuvant treatment may be considered for selected high-risk patients who can tolerate the mTOR inhibitor.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
HPF:
high power fields
PEComa:
TSC:
tuberous sclerosis complex.
Maruzzo M, Rastrelli M, Lumachi F, Zagonel V, Basso U: Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas. Curr Med Chem. 2013, 20 (5): 613-620. 10.2174/092986713804999385.
Zamboni G, Pea M, Martignoni G, Zancanaro C, Faccioli G, Gilioli E, Pederzoli P, Bonetti F: Clear cell 'sugar'tumor of the pancreas. A novel member of the family of lesions characterized by the presence of perivascular epithelioid cells. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996, 20 (6): 722-730. 10.1097/00000478-199606000-00010.
Folpe AL: Neoplasms with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation (PEComas). Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Edited by: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Epstein J, Mertens F. 2002, Lyon: IARC Press, 221-222. [WHO Classification of Tumours.]
Folpe AL, Kwiatkowski DJ: Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms: pathology and pathogenesis. Hum Pathol. 2010, 41 (1): 1-15. 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.05.011.
Wagner AJ, Malinowska-Kolodziej I, Morgan JA, Qin W, Fletcher CD, Vena N, Ligon AH, Antonescu CR, Ramaiya NH, Demetri GD, Kwiatkowski DJ, Maki RG: Clinical activity of mTOR inhibition with sirolimus in malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors: targeting the pathogenic activation of mTORC1 in tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2010, 28 (5): 835-840. 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.2981.
Folpe AL, Mentzel T, Lehr HA, Fisher C, Balzer BL, Weiss SW: Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms of soft tissue and gynecologic origin: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005, 29: 1558-1575. 10.1097/01.pas.0000173232.22117.37.
BisslerJJ MCFX, Young LR, Elwing JM, Chuck G, Leonard JM, Schmithorst VJ, Laor T, Brody AS, Bean J, Salisbury S, Franz DN: Sirolimus for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med. 2008, 358 (2): 140-151. 10.1056/NEJMoa063564.
Hofbauer GF, Marcollo-Pini A, Corsenca A, Kistler AD, French LE, Wüthrich RP, Serra AL: The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin significantly improves facial angiofibroma lesions in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. Br J Dermatol. 2008, 159 (2): 473-475. 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08677.x.
Italiano A, Delcambre C, Hostein I, Cazeau AL, Marty M, Avril A, Coindre JM, Bui B: Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in patients with malignant PEComa. Ann Oncol. 2010, 21 (5): 1135-1137. 10.1093/annonc/mdq044.
Yudoh K, Kanamori M, Ohmori K, Yasuda T, Aoki M, Kimura T: Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in the tumour tissue as a prognostic factor of soft tissue sarcomas. Br J Cancer. 2001, 84 (12): 1610-1615. 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1837.
van Slegtenhorst M, de Hoogt R, Hermans C, Nellist M, Janssen B, Verhoef S, Lindhout D, van den Ouweland A, Halley D, Young J, Burley M, Jeremiah S, Woodward K, Nahmias J, Fox M, Ekong R, Osborne J, Wolfe J, Povey S, Snell RG, Cheadle JP, Jones AC, Tachataki M, Ravine D, Sampson JR, Reeve MP, Richardson P, Wilmer F, Munro C, Hawkins TL: Identification of the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1 on chromosome 9q34. Science. 1997, 277 (5327): 805-808. 10.1126/science.277.5327.805.
Bonetti F, Martignoni G, Colato C, Manfrin E, Gambacorta M, Faleri M, Bacchi C, Sin VC, Wong NL, Coady M, Chan JK: Abdominopelvic sarcoma of perivascular epithelioid cells. Report of four cases in young women, one with tuberous sclerosis. Mod Pathol. 2001, 14 (6): 563-568. 10.1038/modpathol.3880351.
Smolarek TA, Wessner LL, McCormack FX, Mylet JC, Menon AG, Henske EP: Evidence that lymphangiomyomatosis is caused by TSC2 mutations: chromosome 16p13 loss of heterozygosity in angiomyolipomas and lymph nodes from women with lymphangiomyomatosis. Am J Hum Genet. 1998, 62 (4): 810-815. 10.1086/301804.
Kenerson H, Folpe AL, Takayama TK, Yeung RS: Activation of the mTOR pathway in sporadic angiomyolipomas and other perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms. Hum Pathol. 2007, 38 (9): 1361-1371. 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.01.028.
Pan CC, Chung MY, Ng KF, Liu CY, Wang JS, Chai CY, Huang SH, Chen PC, Ho DM: Constant allelic alteration on chromosome 16p (TSC2 gene) in perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa): genetic evidence for the relationship of PEComa with angiomyolipoma. J Pathol. 2008, 214 (3): 387-393. 10.1002/path.2289.
We thank Pfizer- Italy for providing sirolimus as compassionate use.
Medical Oncology 1 Unit, ISTITUTO ONCOLOGICO VENETO IOV– IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
Francesca Bergamo, Marco Maruzzo, Umberto Basso & Vittorina Zagonel
Sarcoma and Melanoma Pathology Unit, ISTITUTO ONCOLOGICO VENETO IOV–IRCCS, Padova, Italy
Maria Cristina Montesco
Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Enrico Gringeri & Umberto Cillo
Francesca Bergamo
Marco Maruzzo
Umberto Basso
Vittorina Zagonel
Enrico Gringeri
Umberto Cillo
Correspondence to Umberto Basso.
We declare no competing interests for all authors.
FB, UB, VZ and UC made substantial contributions to conception, data acquisition and analysis and interpretation of results. FB, MM, MCM were involved in drafting the article. UB and EG revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Bergamo, F., Maruzzo, M., Basso, U. et al. Neoadjuvant sirolimus for a large hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa). World J Surg Onc 12, 46 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-12-46
Perivascular epithelioid cell
PEComa


text:
Zachary, filmmaker
Zachary Kerschberg, Director
Zachary Kerschberg
Still: director working
Your story in ten 10 lines
My grandparents on my mother's side were Polish Jews that escaped Europe in 1939 to Argentina, and later immigrated to the US. My father's side is a mix of Basque and Maya. I was born in 1974 on a commune in West Virginia to a single mother and grew up in a cabin without electricity or hot water. I was seven we moved to Oakland, CA. Identity questions, borders and travel have always been part of my life. I've visited over fifty countries and lived in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Italy, France, Germany, the UAE, Oman, Tunisia, Thailand and Korea. Education has also played a huge part in my life – I'm now going on fifteen years of higher education; seven at UC Berkeley studying literature and languages and eight at New York University studying dramatic writing and film. At the same time I've always pushed my own personal limits, visiting refugee camps, illegal gun markets, and maximum security prisons, to name a few.
How would you define yourself? A filmmaker? A storyteller? Or?
It's funny, I used to struggle to define myself – was I a playwright, a screenwriter, a filmmaker – that was before moving to Berlin, which allowed me to see the box that New York was trying to push me into. Now I feel free to just create works – some are more narrative based, but others are simple portraits. Consumer society is very uncomfortable when it can't give you a label because it doesn't know how to sell you. It's a problem I am having with funding my current project – I don't adhere to anyone's guidelines.
What are the main challenges in your artistic activity?
The challenges are varied and numerous. But I think the main ones that I face fall into two categories; personal and financial. The first is the key to creativity, coming up with new stories to tell to how to tell them – it is often a simple question of believing in yourself and being willing to take risks – ones that really put you in position to fail, but also give you the opportunity of creating something original. The second part is convincing others to believe in your vision and go on the ride with you.
Did you have any particularly remarkable encounter during your artistic activity? Tell us some details.
Every film I work on changes me in some fundamental way and I feel incredibly lucky to be able to work in such diverse fields. One such occasion allowed me to work with a non-actor that had spent 25 years in prison. To hear about him going into foster care as a baby, to the armed robbery that went wrong, to him becoming an expert in WWII history and still unable to find a minimum wage job was enlightening.
Working in film has allowed me to get to know gipsys, experimental musicians, beauty queens and disabled activists – and all of them have taught me things about life that validate my desire to tell stories that fall outside the boundaries of mainstream culture.
What does society do for you?
Society gives my work context. It gives my life meaning in that it allows me to look back at and see how things have changed, and also look forward and dream about how life 'could' be. Without an audience, my work would be incomplete.
What do you do for your society?
I hope that I provide questions about our society, the way we live, our values, and our relationships to ourselves and to others. I hope that my stories make people feel and also encourage them to think, to question, and to search for their own answers.
Is there anything remarkable that surprised you recently?
I've been thinking a lot about the film frame being a 'gaze' as opposed to an 'image'. Over the summer I was at a residency in Czech Republic and I was speaking with a visual artist, Richard Ashrowan, about just looking at things – the extended gaze – and how something can begin to reveal itself in more depth. The next day I was out walking in the wheat fields and decided to pick an object and just stare at it for fifteen minutes. I chose an old scarecrow that was sitting in an abandoned garden, some distance away. At first I noticed the ripped clothes tied around the boards – then I saw the string dangling from the arms that was weighted down with old jar lids that would sway in the breeze and clang against each other – seemed a pretty smart and economic way to keep the birds away, combining both visual movement and sound. But as I continued to look at it I realized the white streaks on the shoulders and chest were actually bird shit. It made me laugh out loud. Here was a scarecrow so useless that the birds were using it as a perch and actually shitting on it. The entire meaning hinged on my 'gaze'.
A culinary passion?
Salads. We had a wonderful garden when I was growing up and the only rule was I had to eat whatever I picked. I mix up my salads according to the seasons but always try to include some kind of fruit, nuts and cheese.
Which wine/drink?
My life has had different phases, mostly determined by where I'm living. This year it is definitely beer – Germany will do that to you. I enjoy the unfiltered wheat beers a lot.
The music or a book (not yours) that is/are currently with you. And music/book you'll never forget.
I'm reading Berlin School Glossary, which is a collection of essays that looks at the new wave German cinema that's been dubbed the 'Berliner Schule'. It's basically a movement/trend since the fall of the Berlin wall that tends toward less traditional narratives and longer takes, valuing observation over plot development and states of being over action. It's been a joy to discover this group of filmmakers that come not only from Berlin, but also from Munich, Hamburg and Vienna. They are truly beautiful films that do well at festivals but afterwards are largely unknown. A few filmmakers worth searching for are Christian Petzold, Benjamin Heisenberg, Maren Ade and Maria Speth.
One of my favorite books is The Master of Go, by Yasunari Kawabata, which he first wrote as newspaper articles when he was a young journalist covering one of these rare championships in 1938. It was just before World War II, when the old traditions were being challenged by a younger, more pragmatic generation, and in many ways foreshadowed Japan's defeat. Years later Kawabata turned the articles into a novel. The elegance, economy, and depth of the writing remind me of traditional Japanese Haiku poetry. As a side note; find the translation by Edward Seidensticker – a genius in his own regard.
What's your current most important artistic project?
My next project, Between Day and Night, is a film about freedom. It is about taking our own paths and overcoming those things that restrain us: society, family, economics, prejudice, self-doubt – for everyone it is something different. Itis a narrative/documentary/experimental feature that follows a dozen artists (musicians, dancers, a photographer, actor and painter) living and working in Berlin during the winter of 2014/15. Our group of recent immigrants soon mingles with Berlin's own outcasts; Germans of mixed race, second generation Turks, African asylum seekers, East Berliners yet to adapt or forced from their homes because of gentrification. The stories unfold and interconnect in Reuterkiez, the problem 'area' of Berlin, a traditionally Turkish and Arab quarter where a third of the population is foreign born and another third is unemployed, and yet it is the liveliness and spark of this neighborhood that gives Berlin its bohemian spirit.
A talent you have and one you're missing?
I think I have a talent for listening to people. It's what makes me a good storyteller and helps me collaborate with other artists.
My non-talent, or something I would like to change, is that I have a hard time asking for help. The filmmaking process can often be overwhelming – definitely too much for one person.
What are your methods for living a "slow" life?
I sleep eight hours a night no matter what time I go to bed (it's a luxury I give myself), eat fresh food and exercise. I also try to always be in the moment no matter what I am doing. Meaning every person I speak to should be a real connection. It's harder than it sounds.
What have you learnt from life until now?
Hard work, generosity and a small ego will take you far. Few things in life are really important. Our comfort circles are smaller than our abilities. When you don't understand someone or something, it's only because you are missing information. Everyone is different; what's right for one person may be wrong for another.
TO SUPPORT ZACH'S FILM:
If you are interested in learning more about the feature film Between Day and Night and possibly supporting us, please send an inquiry to characterz at gmail dot com
"We have an incredibly talented team that recently won awards at both the Venice Film Festival and Semaine de la Critique in Cannes, but we are still missing a few essential pieces that will allow us to realize our vision."
Argentina, artist, Benjamin Heisenberg, Berlin, Between Day and Night, Bolivia, Brazil, California, Christian Petzold, cinema, Czech Republic, Edward Seidensticker, filmmaker, France, Germany, Hamburg, Italy, Korea, Maren Ade, Maria Speth, movie director, Movie Festival Cannes, Munich, New York, New York University, Oakland, Oman, Semaine de la Critique @en, storyteller, Thailand, Tunisia, UAE, UC Berkeley, Venezuela, Venice Film Festival, West Virginia, Wien, Yasunari Kawabata, Zachary Kerschberg


We offer many sizes of the Temple Bowl Gongs. Pillow and mallet are included.
Buddhists use this bowl to meditate. Sound healers and therapists like to add it to the soundscape as it is strong and soothing. They are best played by striking the top edge, or rim.
You can get remarkable tones that are both clarion and subtle. They stay in a specific range but sustain and hold for a good length of time.
All the Buddhas rise up and high five with their Buddha hands when they hear you call with this bowl! Call out for the cessation of suffering, despite the suffering, because there can be no transcendence without the pain and separation first, and then the awareness of the pain and separation second, and then the struggle and transcendence from the transitory.
The 5" Temple Bowl Gong works best as a personal or individual sound healing bowl. Tones produced by this bowl are in the fifth octave. It is is simple to play.
The 6" Temple Bowl Gong works best as a personal or individual sound healing bowl. Tones produced by this bowl are in the fourth octave.
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The 8.5" Temple Bowl Gong works best as a personal or individual sound healing bowl. The tones produced by this bowl are in the fourth octave.
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The 14" Temple Bowl Gong best for small group meditations or healings. The tones featured in this bowl are in the third octave. This bowl is better suited for more experienced musicians.
The 16" Temple Bowl Gong works great for large group meditations or profound healings. The tones featured in this bowl are in the third octave.
The 18" Temple Bowl Gong works great for large group meditations or profound healings. The tones featured in this bowl are in the third octave.This bowl is better suited for more experienced musicians.
PLEASE NOTE: Free Shipping is offered for the Continental USA. Additional shipping charges will need to be applied to international orders.
The 20" Temple Bowl Gong works great for large group meditations or profound healings. The tones produced by this bowl are in the second octave.
The 22" Temple Bowl Gong works great for large group meditations or profound healings.The tones produced by this bowl are in the second octave. This bowl is better suited for more experienced musicians.
The 24" Temple Bowl Gong works great for large group meditations or profound healings.The tones produced by this bowl are in the second octave. This bowl is better suited for more experienced musicians.
We're working on getting a sound file for this gong. Until then you can always set up an appointment to call and listen. Give us a call at 402-474-GONG (4664) or contact us here.


Mediation provides an attractive alternative to resolving disputes through court proceedings. Mediation promises just results in the interest of all parties concerned, a reduction of the court caseload, and cost savings for the parties involved as well as for the treasury.
The European Directive on Mediation has given mediation in Europe new momentum by establishing a common framework for cross-border mediation. Beyond Europe, many states have tried in recent years to answer the question whether, and if so, how mediation should be regulated at a national and international level.
The aim of this book is to promote the understanding and discussion of regulatory issues by presenting comparative research on mediation. It describes and analyses the law and practice of mediation in twenty-two countries. Europe is represented by chapters on mediation in Austria, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal and Spain. The world beyond Europe receives is analysed in chapters on mediation in Australia, Canada, China, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Switzerland and the USA.
Against this background, further chapters on fundamental issues identify possible regulatory models and discuss central principles of mediation law and practice. In particular, the work considers harmonisation and diversity in the law of mediation as well as the economic and constitutional problems associated with privatising civil justice. To the extent available, empirical research is used as a point of reference in the critical analysis.
Klaus J. Hopt is Director emeritus at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law, Hamburg, and Professor emeritus at the University of Hamburg.
Felix Steffek is Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law, Hamburg.


text:
Shattered Lives
Children Who Live with Courage and Dignity
Shattered Lives bears witness to the lives of children who have experienced abuse and neglect, and highlights the effects of early traumatic episodes. Chapters take the form of letters to a child capturing their life experiences, hugely impacted by sexual abuse, parental substance misuse and loss, leading to feelings of shame, and worthlessness. Learn More
2006, Hardback, 9.57in x 6.46in / 243mm x 164mm, 176pp, AU$41.99
2006, Ebook, ePUB, 176pp, AU$27.99
All Cats Have Asperger Syndrome
Kathy Hoopmann
This book takes a playful look at Asperger Syndrome, drawing inspiration from the feline world. Touching, humorous and insightful, this book evokes the difficulties and joys of raising a child who is different and leaves the reader with a sense of the dignity, individuality, and potential of people with AS. Learn More
2006, Hardback, 8.50in x 8.43in / 216mm x 214mm, 72pp, AU$25.99
2007, Paperback / softback, 9.21in x 6.22in / 234mm x 158mm, 176pp, AU$27.99
Autism Heroes
Portraits of Families Meeting the Challenge
Barbara Firestone, PHD
This book provides a compelling account of the experiences of 38 families from different walks of life confronting the challenges of autism with courage, tenacity and love. Each narrative is set against the backdrop of Firestone's insightful essays which are fundamentally important to all families living with autism. Learn More
2007, Hardback, 11.30in x 9.72in / 287mm x 247mm, 240pp, AU$72.00
2007, Ebook, PDF, 240pp, AU$72.00
All Dogs Have ADHD
All Dogs Have ADHD takes an inspiring and affectionate look at Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), using images and ideas from the canine world. Charming colour photographs of dogs bring to life familiar ADHD characteristics such as being restless and excitable, getting easily distracted, and acting on impulse. Learn More
2008, Ebook, PDF, 72pp, AU$25.99
The Imprinted Brain
How Genes Set the Balance Between Autism and Psychosis
Christopher Badcock
Badcock sets out a radical new theory of the mind based on the recent discovery of genomic imprinting. He uses psychiatric case material to show how many of the symptoms of psychosis can be shown to be the mental mirror-images of those of autism. This new theory casts intriguing new light on topics such as the nature of genius. Learn More
Living Sensationally
Understanding Your Senses
Winnie Dunn
The book explains how people's individual sensory patterns affect the way we react to everything that happens to us throughout the day. Readers can use the questionnaire to find their own patterns and the patterns of those around them, and can benefit from practical sensory ideas for individuals, families and businesses. Learn More
Celestial Healing
Energy, Mind and Spirit in Traditional Medicines of China, and East and Southeast Asia
Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD with Kevin Ergil, MA, MS, LAc (Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, Qi, and Qi Gong), Laurel S. Gabler, BA, MSc (Thai Medicine) and Kerry Palanjian, BA, MBA (Shiatsu)
Providing a panoramic overview of the medical traditions of China and East and Southeast Asia, Dr. Marc Micozzi offers compelling insights into the influence of the expression of vital energy (qi) in these traditions. He discusses the efficacy of these healing practices, as well as their influences in the West, and potential applications today. Learn More
Vital Healing
Energy, Mind and Spirit in Traditional Medicines of India, Tibet and the Middle East - Middle Asia
Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD with Donald McCown and Mones Abu-Asab, PhD (Unani), Hakima Amri, PhD (Unani), Kevin Ergil, MA, MS, LAc (Tibet), Howard Hall, PsyD, PhD (Sufi), Hari Sharma, MD (Maharishi Ayurveda), Kenneth G. Zysk, Dphil, PhD (Ayurveda & Siddha)
Dr. Marc S. Micozzi unfolds the compelling idea that vital energy, "prana" in the Indian practice of Ayurveda, is the unifying concept that underpins all of the traditional medicines of Middle Asia. He also draws parallels to mainstream Western medicine, and demonstrates how these therapies fit within the context of their own cultures and ours. Learn More
The Crystal Mirror and Other Stories
Tim Malnick, illustrated by Katie Green
These timeless tales are for children and grown-ups alike - a world of monsters, painters, princes, princesses, courageous bats and chuckling old men who live on rocks in the middle of the ocean. Each is a story of quests and transformation, and of the surprises that await us when we finally discover what we have long been looking for... Learn More
2013, Hardback, 10.00in x 7.68in / 254mm x 195mm, 96pp, AU$27.99
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text:
Roads to Liberty Podcasting Group
Ben backus
Old Ben wanders thru western Nebraska with the sand-hills people. He's a geek, a veteran, an herbalist, and an elected Libertarian. Along with Mike Knebel, he founded the Roads to Liberty podcast when they felt the libertarian movement was lacking on mid-western voices. These days he's mostly behind the scenes taking care of the logistical work so the rest of the crew can keep their level of dank at maximum.
Mike Knebel
Co founder of Roads to Liberty. In addition to being active in the libertarian party of Nebraska, he has ran for several offices local and statewide. Currently he is on hiatus from the podcast while he pursues a feminist studies degree from the University of Phoenix.
Nathan "token" Porrata
Nudist, Communist, Transexual, and also does not send in a bio for the website.
Dustin Hobbs
Orange supremacist, gun control advocate, and furry. When asked what a website bio is he replied "whats that?"


text:
MLP Model Relevance
When Kinder Morgan Inc. first left the MLP space, it was an anomaly. Now that ONEOK Inc. and Targa Resources Corp. have both also bought in their MLPs, there is validity to the question of whether the MLP model is still relevant.
Maria Halmo, Contributor
Fri, 09/01/2017 - 02:30 PM
One of the original arguments made for the value and expansion of the MLP model was that large energy companies could spin off their midstream assets into an MLP, transforming an internal cost of doing business into a profit center. This is precisely what Hess Corp. did with the IPO of its midstream assets into Hess Midstream Partners LP. Just recently, BP Plc announced the same thing, potentially raising cash while maintaining access to the assets. Analysts are even speculating that Chevron Corp. might try the same thing.
Tap into unmatched coverage of the oil and gas industry's entire landscape.
Plains Crude Pipeline Cancels Rates At Points Originating In La., Miss.
Points in the Capline system are no longer in service.
Fourth Unit At Kinder Morgan's Elba LNG Plant Ready For Service
Facility will be ready by Jan. 16, says filing with FERC.
Enterprise Begins Service At Isobutane Dehydrogenation Plant
Enterprise Products Partners LP said that its isobutane dehydrogenation (iBDH) plant in the Mont Belvieu, Texas area recently began service, with volumes expected to continue ramping up during the next two weeks.
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Belmont University's unique Washington Center Intern Program places Belmont students in individualized internships in the Washington, D.C., area, for which they may earn college credits.
Washington Center interns also attend seminars and lectures that enrich their on-site experience.
Contact Dr. May for more details.


text:
Nicklaus: Tiger isn't done just yet
AUGUSTA, Ga. (AP) Jack Nicklaus says he thinks Tiger Woods will win again. After seeing him a few weeks ago, Nicklaus is surprised Woods isn't playing the Masters this week.
Woods is missing the Masters for the second time in three years as he recovers from two surgeries on his back last year. He has not played since a tie for 10th in the Wyndham Championship in August, and he has not won since Firestone in August 2013.
''I don't think he's done,'' Nicklaus said Tuesday afternoon before going to the Champions Dinner. ''I think Tiger is going to win more tournaments.''
Woods announced late Friday that he was not ready to return to competition. He said he had been hitting balls and training every day, but that ''I need to be cautious and do what's best for my long-term health and career.''
Woods was planning to attend the Tuesday night dinner for Masters champions, his second social event of the year. Nicklaus hosted a Ryder Cup dinner at his home on Feb. 24 that Woods attended. Nicklaus said he thought Woods looked great physically, and that Woods told him he was able to putt and chip without feeling any pain.
''I'm very surprised he's not here,'' Nicklaus said. ''Maybe he's not ready. But he's too good of a talent not to win.''
Woods has long been associated with his pursuit of Nicklaus' 18 professional majors. Woods won his 14th major at the 2008 U.S. Open at Torrey Pines when he was 32. Nicklaus won his 14th major when he was 35.
Woods hasn't won another major since then. He had knee surgery in 2008, followed by the crisis in his personal life when he was caught in a shocking web of infidelity, and then more leg injuries and three back surgeries over the last two years.
Asked if his major championship record was safe, Nicklaus smiled and mentioned Rory McIlroy, Jordan Spieth, Jason Day and ''Tiger is still out there.''
''Does that mean his chances are as good as they were? Of course it doesn't mean that,'' Nicklaus said. ''But he'll be able to play healthily - if he gets healthy - until he's 50. I caught lightning in a bottle at 46.''
Nicklaus is the oldest Masters champion, winning in 1986 for his 18th and final major.
Woods, who turned 40 at the end of December, last met with media at his Hero World Challenge in the Bahamas, and he was more blunt than usual when he said anything else he does in golf ''will be gravy.''
Nicklaus brushed that off as Woods being tired of answering questions about his future.
''That's probably an easier answer than `I'm going to get back out there next week' and really doing it. He's probably tired of saying that,'' Nicklaus said. ''If he says the other, then all of a sudden, everybody writes him off for a while, and then he's got to show up for his 1980 and his 1986. I think he'll show up for that a little bit.''
The reference was clear.
Nicklaus was 40 in 1980 when he won the U.S. Open at Baltusrol and the PGA Championship at Oak Hill, giving him 17 majors. It was the fifth time in his career that Nicklaus won two majors in one season. And in 1986, he won the Masters.
One big difference is that Nicklaus was rarely injured. He didn't withdraw until back spasms at the old World Series of Golf at Firestone in 1981 when he was 41, and he had to pull out again two years later after one round of the 1983 Masters.
''I was just lucky from a physical standpoint,'' Nicklaus said.
He also said he trimmed his schedule and geared them around the four majors. Nicklaus won his 18 majors over 25 years.
''So when you do that, you're not abusing yourself too much. You can play a longer time,'' he said. ''Tiger and I both won young. And he may span 25 years himself.''
Nicklaus talks Tiger, but questions change to what's wrong
Nicklaus says Augusta National has done well getting longer
Lefty chasing the other Nicklaus mark
Nicklaus says Woods' status is puzzling
Nicklaus keeping busy with project in Turkmenistan
Faldo's funny memory of Palmer and Nicklaus
Thinking he was an underachiever made Nicklaus better
Nicklaus laments how easy it is for players to withdraw


Welcome summer with our happy hens!
Over 34 million eggs are eaten daily in the UK a year, but do you know how yours are produced? Bring your family down to the egg farm this bank holiday (Monday 28h May 10-4pm) for our free Summer Salutation Fete, and learn more about the amazing egg!
• What makes a golden yolk?
• Why are eggs the new superfood?
Good Old Fun & Games!
Are you brave enough for a feather fight?
Other activities will include good old fashioned English games: coconut shy, guess the weight of the pig, corn toss and egg and spoon races, as well as the more unorthodox feather fights and egg battles. Chow down on delicious wood-fired pizza from Knead 'n' Feed in Wetherby, explore the vegetable garden and welcome in summer with an ice cream from the farm shop!


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Description: Technodry System Engineering Pvt Ltd provide a wide range of Hot Air Generators high on demand in the market.


The PC motherboard is a key inside piece of a PC framework. In the event that the CPU or processor is considered as the PCs cerebrum then the motherboard can be thought of as the core of the PC. In spite of the fact that the motherboard does not support the speed of a PC, it assumes a crucial part for the general usefulness and highlights of a PC framework. It can now and again be an extremely overwhelming errand to pick the best motherboard for your PC. For getting the best yield from a motherboard you ought to take after a portion of the beneath methodologies that will assist you with finding out the best motherboard for your PC.
Attempt to discover as much as you can about the brand name or maker name while picking the Best Motherboard For Gaming. A motherboard from an outstanding organization gives many included highlights like a decent guarantee or item quality, so attempt to get a motherboard from understood and trustworthy organization. You should likewise ensure about the accessibility of specialized help from the maker so when you require it, it is then accessible. Technical support is essential here as it is required amid investigating. Among the producers to consider, Tyan, Asus, Intel and Soyo. They are the market pioneers and have a positive brand picture among purchasers.
After brand determination you need to center around the similarity of your motherboard with your processor. Distinctive makers give an assortment of processors, for example, Celeron PPGA, Pentium III, AMD Athlon and AMD K6-3. These processors require particular sorts of motherboards. The similarity of the motherboard with a specific processor is the most essential factor to consider. Propelled illustrations port or AGP is an engaging component for the gamer and clients who are keen on visual communication. AGP permits snappier correspondence between the video card and the PC hence expanding the casing rate of illustrations projects and computer games. So on the off chance that you are a gamer or have excitement about illustrations plan, you ought to pick a motherboard with higher AGP execution.
The quantity of PCI openings in a motherboard are an essential criteria to consider while picking a decent motherboard. A lot of PCI spaces takes into consideration the connection of ethernet cards, sound cards or modems and for future extension. The more PCI spaces that exist in the motherboard the more ports you should associate such gadgets. Likewise do consider the quantity of USB ports on the motherboard as these are additionally expected to associate with modems, mice and with different gadgets. For video catching and altering, you ought to likewise have a firewire port. So ensure you have a firewire port on the off chance that you are keen on video catching or altering.
While picking your chipset, you should remember the memory write that is perfect with your chose motherboard. Similarity of the motherboard with superior RAM is additionally imperative. For showing signs of improvement execution dependably pick the motherboard that is perfect with every one of the parts of the PC.


text:
Simponi Label May Receive Changes for RA Indications
Centocor Ortho Biotech Inc. has submitted a supplemental Biologics License Application to the FDA to expand the Simponi (golimumab) physician label.
Centocor Ortho Biotech Inc. has submitted a supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) to the FDA to expand the Simponi (golimumab) physician label.
The company seeks to have the label include inhibiting the progression of structural damage, inducing major clinical response (MCR) and maintenance of reducing signs and symptoms and improving physical function in the treatment of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
The drug received FDA approval in April 2009 and became the first once-monthly anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha therapy approved for the treatment of adults with moderately to severely active RA, active psoriatic arthritis, and active ankylosing spondylitis. Simponi is a human monoclonal antibody that targets and neutralizes excess TNF-alpha. When TNF-aplha, a protein, is overproduced in the body due to chronic inflammatory diseases it can cause inflammation and damage to bones, cartilage and tissue
For the RA indication, Simponi is given in combination with the drug methotrexate.
RA is often characterized by symptoms that include pain, stiffness and inflammation, and in some cases, joint destruction, and disability. More than one million Americans are living with the disease and it affects mostly women.
The sBLA is supported by long-term efficacy and safety data from three pivotal phase 3 registration trials of three diverse moderately to severely active RA patient populations - patients naïve to methotrexate, patients who had an inadequate response to methotrexate, and patients previously treated with one or more anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha agents.
"This application represents yet another milestone for the SIMPONI clinical development program," said Jerome A. Boscia, M.D., senior vice president, Clinical R&D, Centocor Research & Development, Inc, in a press release. "We look forward to collaborating with the FDA in reviewing the data from our Phase 3 registration trials that support the efficacy of SIMPONI in inhibiting the progression of structural damage in patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis."
Centocor Ortho Biotech Inc. also has products for the following medical specialties: dermatology, gastroenterology, nephrology, oncology, rheumatology, surgery, and virology. The company was created in 2008 and harnesses innovations in large-molecule and small-molecule research to create therapeutic options, with a main focus in immunology, nephrology, and oncology. The company also produces Remicade, which is a biologic that blocks the action of TNF. Remicade can be used in combination with methotrexate to treat active rheumatoid arthritis.
RheumatologyRheumatoid ArthritisArthritis


text:
var expect = require('chai').expect;
var klass = require('../../scripts/inheritance/inheritance10-klass').klass;

describe('klass: a class constructor', function () {

	var Man, SuperMan;

	before(function () {

		Man = klass(null, {
			__construct: function (what) {
				console.log('Man\'s constructor');
				this.name = what;
			},
			getName: function () {
				return this.name;
			}
		});

		SuperMan = klass(Man, {
			__construct: function () {
				console.log('SuperMan\'s constructor');
			},
			getName: function () {
				var name = SuperMan.uber.getName.call(this);
				return 'I am ' + name;
			}
		});

	});

	describe('The new Man class', function () {

		describe('[prototype]', function () {
			it('Man prototype should have the getName method', function () {
				expect(Man.prototype).to.not.equal(Function.prototype);
				expect(Man.prototype).to.have.property('getName');
			});
		});

		describe('[__proto__]', function () {
			it('Man.__proto__ should be Function.prototype', function () {
				expect(Man.__proto__).to.equal(Function.prototype);
			});
		});

		describe('[constructor]', function () {
			it('Man constructor should be Function', function () {
				expect(Man.constructor).to.equal(Function);
			});
		});

		describe('[uber object - super class]', function () {
			it('Man uber method should be null', function () {
				expect(Man.uber).to.equal(Object.prototype);
			});
		});

	});

	describe('An instance of Man and SuperMan', function () {

		var mauro, clark;

		beforeEach(function () {
			mauro = new Man('Mauro');
			clark = new SuperMan('Clark');
		});

		it('should have the name set', function () {
			expect(mauro.getName()).to.equal('Mauro');
			expect(clark.getName()).to.equal('I am Clark');
		});

		it('clark should be an instance of Man and SuperMan', function () {
			expect(mauro).to.be.an.instanceof(Man);
			expect(clark).to.be.an.instanceof(Man);
			expect(clark).to.be.an.instanceof(SuperMan);
		});

	});

});


text:
United StatesMontanaEssex
Cross Country Ski at Izaak Walton Inn
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Added by Derek Vander Ark
A timeless adventure spent cross country skiing on beautifully groomed trail the legendary Izaak Walton Inn. Snow-capped mountains, cross-country skis, and a crackling fire are three reasons which make this trip worth it.
The Izaak Walton Inn was established in 1939 to accommodate workers and visitors from the rapid expansion of the Great Northern Railway. Conveniently built near Highway two, it is a short drive from both the West Glacier and East Glacier Entrances. If driving from West Glacier, continue on Highway 2 for about 25 miles and look for the Izaak Walton Inn sign (it will be easy to spot). Take a right off of Highway 2 onto Izaak Walton Inn Rd, and continue straight for less than a mile. The road will then curve right, and lead directly to the Inn.
Enter the Izaak Walton Inn and locate the front desk to acquire a pass for the trail. If you are in need of any gear, Izaak Walton Inn provides ski rentals. Rates can be found on the following link: http://www.izaakwaltoninn.com/...
Make sure that you also grab a map for the different trails that you can explore at the Izaak Walton Inn. Grab your gear and your pass, and head southwest of the Inn towards a bridge the stretches over the rail tracks and to the trails. There are 33km of crosscountry trails to choose from, and it will take a little under an hour to complete the longest loop.
Trails go uphill, downhill, as they follow the twisting Essex Creek. There is also a bridge that goes over Essex Creek and offers great views. Return to Izaak Walton Inn and enjoy time by the fire in the lobby, or play shuffleboard and pool in the basement. If hungry, Izaak Walton Inn has a tremendous restaurant with a menu that can be found on their website: http://www.izaakwaltoninn.com/...
After drying off by fire, and with a full stomach from Huckleberry pie from the restaurant, hit the trails once more and cross country ski a new loop.
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Essex, Montana
Murray Bay Campground (Mt)
Overview Murray Bay Campground is located high in the Rocky Mountains, less than 30 miles from the Continental Divide, surrounded by towe...
Devil Creek Campground
Overview Devil Creek Campground is located 32 miles southeast of West Glacier, Montana, and six miles west of Marias Pass, a high mountai...
Hungry Horse, Montana
Riverside Campground (Mt)
Overview Riverside Campground is located high in the Rocky Mountains, less than 30 miles from the Continental Divide, surrounded by tower...
Zips Place Cabin
Overview Zip's Place Cabin is located 48 miles east of Hungry Horse, in northwestern Montana. It provides a beautiful setting on property...
Hike to Dickey Lake
5.2 mi / 1463 ft gain
*Parking for this hike is very limited, as the parking area can hold one, maybe two, vehicles. This 5.2 mile roundtrip hike begins near Essex, Montana, at 4,620 feet of elevation, and leads to a small, hidden lake nestled in the Great Bear Wilder...
Climb the Great Northern Mountain
12 mi / 5000 ft gain
From Columbia Falls, head East on U.S. Highway 2 past the town of Hungry Horse and turn right to Martin City. Keep driving along the East side of the Hungry Horse Reservoir until the pavement ends (roughly 2miles), then continue 13 more miles unti...
Swim in Graves Bay Swimming Hole
To get to this swimming hole you drive south from Hungry Horse on the West Side Road (Forest Road 895) 33.6 miles to the Graves Creek Campground. Park in the small parking lot with the bear box and outhouse, opposite the campground closer to the l...
Explore Graves Creek Falls
Graves Creek Falls are a series of pleasant waterfalls viewable without much effort. To get here From Hungry Horse drive south on the West Side Road (Forest Road 895) 33.6 miles to the Graves Creek Campground. From here turn right into the campgro...


text:
Posted inSchools
CCPS staff head up distribution of learning materials, laptops
by David M. Higgins II, Publisher/Editor April 11, 2020 April 10, 2020
Thomas Stone High School Principal Shanif Pearl, right, delivers a laptop to a student's parent as distance learning starts for Charles County Public Schools.
News Release, Charles County Public Schools
Instructional materials were distributed this week as distance learning for credit has started in the homes of Charles County Public Schools (CCPS) students.
Westlake High School was a hive of activity earlier this week with two lanes of traffic designated for paper learning packet pick up, another lane for meal distribution and a line for those picking up a laptop. Staff members reported to the school to pitch in where they were needed. Westlake staff members were joined by their colleagues from Mattawoman Middle School. "I am glad to be here and help," Scott Shuttleworth, Westlake's instrumental music teacher, said.
Mattawoman Middle School language arts teacher Anisah Ansari, left, and Dale Mattia, a reading interventionist instructional assistant at Mattawoman, joined Westlake High School music teacher Scott Shuttleworth, pictured right, at Westlake April 6 to help pass our learning packets to parents.
St. Charles High School is another multi-use pick up site – with meals, paper packets and on Monday laptops were distributed to students who requested them. Principal Richard Conley and members of his administrative staff handed out laptops to students in need of a device to complete distance learning assignments. Members of the Spartans staff and food service workers gave out paper packets and meals, respectively.
Schools around the county held laptop distribution during the week of April 6. The first wave of distribution focused on supplying some 2,800 laptops to students who took a technology survey on March 13, the last day Maryland schools were open before the initial closure last month, as ordered by Karen Salmon, Maryland state superintendent of schools. Another round of laptop distributions will follow to lend devices to those who requested a device via AskCCPS.
Principals communicate with parents and guardians about the time and date to pick up a laptop at each school, with proper safety protocols in place. The distribution was slow but steady Monday morning at Thomas Stone High School, Autem Clay, administrative intern, said. By 10:30 a.m., about 40 out of the schools requested 200 laptops had been loaned out.
Paper learning packets are also being distributed at the 11 meal sites. Many staff members headed the call from their principals to drop by to help. "Today is my first day working out here. Mrs. Roberts asked for volunteers and we were happy to answer the call," Leah Smith, an academic mentor at Westlake, said. Elizabeth Stahl, an administrative IA at Westlake, said she was glad she signed up to help. "We were not really sure what to expect. There has been a lot of traffic here this morning –lots ofelementary school packets going out to people today. I am gladI came out to help," Stahl said.
Matt Loyd, vice principal at St. Charles High School, arranges laptops on a cart at the school on April 6. Loyd, along with other St. Charles administrative staff, helped to distribute devices today to students who identified a need.
The last day for parents to pick up the first two weeks of printed instructional materials was Wednesday, April 8. The CCPS print shop will begin printing and assembling the paper packets for the third and fourth weeks. All assignments are also online at www.ccboe.com for elementary school students and through Apex Learning for middle and high school students.


text:
import re

import mock
import six
from six.moves import http_client
import unittest2

from apitools.base.py import credentials_lib
from apitools.base.py import util

def CreateUriValidator(uri_regexp, content=''):
    def CheckUri(uri, headers=None):
        if 'X-Google-Metadata-Request' not in headers:
            raise ValueError('Missing required header')
        if uri_regexp.match(uri):
            message = content
            status = http_client.OK
        else:
            message = 'Expected uri matching pattern %s' % uri_regexp.pattern
            status = http_client.BAD_REQUEST
        return type('HttpResponse', (object,), {'status': status})(), message
    return CheckUri

class CredentialsLibTest(unittest2.TestCase):

    def _GetServiceCreds(self, service_account_name=None, scopes=None):
        kwargs = {}
        if service_account_name is not None:
            kwargs['service_account_name'] = service_account_name
        service_account_name = service_account_name or 'default'

        def MockMetadataCalls(request_url):
            default_scopes = scopes or ['scope1']
            if request_url.endswith('scopes'):
                return six.StringIO(''.join(default_scopes))
            elif request_url.endswith('service-accounts'):
                return six.StringIO(service_account_name)
            elif request_url.endswith(
                    '/service-accounts/%s/token' % service_account_name):
                return six.StringIO('{"access_token": "token"}')
            self.fail('Unexpected HTTP request to %s' % request_url)

        with mock.patch.object(credentials_lib, '_GceMetadataRequest',
                               side_effect=MockMetadataCalls,
                               autospec=True) as opener_mock:
            with mock.patch.object(util, 'DetectGce',
                                   autospec=True) as mock_detect:
                mock_detect.return_value = True
                validator = CreateUriValidator(
                    re.compile(r'.*/%s/.*' % service_account_name),
                    content='{"access_token": "token"}')
                credentials = credentials_lib.GceAssertionCredentials(
                    scopes, **kwargs)
                self.assertIsNone(credentials._refresh(validator))
            self.assertEqual(3, opener_mock.call_count)

    def testGceServiceAccounts(self):
        scopes = ['scope1']
        self._GetServiceCreds()
        self._GetServiceCreds(scopes=scopes)
        self._GetServiceCreds(service_account_name='my_service_account',
                              scopes=scopes)

class TestGetRunFlowFlags(unittest2.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self._flags_actual = credentials_lib.FLAGS

    def tearDown(self):
        credentials_lib.FLAGS = self._flags_actual

    def test_with_gflags(self):
        HOST = 'myhostname'
        PORT = '144169'

        class MockFlags(object):
            auth_host_name = HOST
            auth_host_port = PORT
            auth_local_webserver = False

        credentials_lib.FLAGS = MockFlags
        flags = credentials_lib._GetRunFlowFlags([
            '--auth_host_name=%s' % HOST,
            '--auth_host_port=%s' % PORT,
            '--noauth_local_webserver',
        ])
        self.assertEqual(flags.auth_host_name, HOST)
        self.assertEqual(flags.auth_host_port, PORT)
        self.assertEqual(flags.logging_level, 'ERROR')
        self.assertEqual(flags.noauth_local_webserver, True)

    def test_without_gflags(self):
        credentials_lib.FLAGS = None
        flags = credentials_lib._GetRunFlowFlags([])
        self.assertEqual(flags.auth_host_name, 'localhost')
        self.assertEqual(flags.auth_host_port, [8080, 8090])
        self.assertEqual(flags.logging_level, 'ERROR')
        self.assertEqual(flags.noauth_local_webserver, False)