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Trip Dispatch: The joys of links golf in Northern Ireland
Mike Bailey
The Championship Links at Royal County Down is ranked among the best golf courses in the world. Even on a cold, wet, windy day, it's a special experience. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
Royal County Down is beautifully framed with the Irish Sea on one side the Mountains of Mourne on the other. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The historic Sieve Donald Hotel is just a couple minutes walk from the clubhouse at Royal County Down. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The Annesly Course at Royal County Down is short, but it's just as scenic as its more famous big brother. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
One of the new holes for the 2019 Open at Royal Portush's Dunluce Course is the par-5 eighth. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The green is blind from the tee on the par-4 17th on the Dunluce Course at Royal Portrush, hence the aiming pole. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The Bushmills Inn boutique hotel was our base for rounds at Royal Portrush and Portstewart in Northern Ireland. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The mystical Giant's causeway near Portrush, Northern Ireland, G.B. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The front nine own Port Stewart's Strand Course, starting with this tee shot on no. 1, is as good as it gets on any course. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The par-3 sixth on the Strand Course at Portstewart is named "Five Penny Piece. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The par-3 fifth hole on the Glashedy Links Course at Ballyliffin with Glashedy Rock Island off in the distance. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
Ballyliffin, host of the 2018 Dubai Duty Free Irish Open, has a clubhouse to match its superb golf courses. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
The par-5 eighth on Sandy Hills Links at Rosapenna Hotel and Golf Resort plays downhill from the tee. Mike Bailey/Golf Advisor
Rosapenna's Sandy Hills Links is laid out through the dunes next to Sheephaven Bay. Courtesy of Larry Lambrecht
NEWCASTLE, Northern Ireland -- As the cold horizontal rain pelted me into a state of numbness, making it difficult to walk, much less make a golf swing, I reminded myself that links golf is my favorite kind of golf. After all, I was playing one of the world's greatest links courses, the Championship Links at Royal County Down in Newcastle, Northern Ireland. This was exactly where I wanted to be, right?
With conditions deteriorating as the round went on, especially on the last few holes, it was a struggle, but a struggle on a golf course with great pedigree. Much of Royal County Down's Championship layout dates back to 1896. It was designed by none other than Old Tom Morris. The Championship Links has been the stage for numerous prestigious events such as the Walker Cup and the Senior Open. Even on a sunny day, it's anything but easy.
But on this day, I was experiencing one of the traits of links golf that most golfers don't exactly relish – wet, windy weather with temperatures in the low 40s. This is why most golfers in Great Britain and Ireland don't worry much about stroke play. They usually opt for some sort of match, because on a day like this, making a bogey to win a hole is an unapologetic victory. You've tamed the elements better than your opponent did, and that's worth celebrating.
On my recent weeklong trip through Northern Ireland and the north coast of Northwest Ireland, this was as bad as the conditions would get. I remember thinking to myself it was a shame we had this kind of day at Royal County Down's great Championship Links, when just the day before we played the facility's other course, Annesley Links, in sunny and mild conditions. Thankfully, as the week continued, the weather improved, and I was able to truly enjoy what makes links golf such a joy and thrill– the majestic dunes, the ocean scenery, firm, fast conditions, and playing golf with your imagination.
Mike Bailey visits Northern Ireland
It started in Dublin
This was my fifth trip to Ireland, but my first to Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain and still trades in British pounds sterling, rather than the euro. Naturally, I had great expectations for the stellar links lineup on my dance card. In addition to Royal County Down, I also played Ardglass, Portstewart, and Royal Portrush, the host site of The Open in 2019. On the last part of the journey, I would also get to venture back into Ireland on the north coast for a couple of dandies as well. This was the part of the trip where I got to drive myself, which is always an adventure for an American not accustomed to navigating a vehicle on the left side of narrow roads. But I'll get back to that later. First things, first: off to the historic town of Newcastle and the Sieve Donald Hotel.
Contrary to what many visitors might think, a Northern Ireland golf trip doesn't have to start by flying to Belfast, the country's capital. While Belfast is certainly an option, there are far more flights from the United States to Dublin in the Republic of Ireland. My flight into Dublin also made sense because we started our itinerary in the southern part of Northern Ireland, which isn't much farther from Dublin (about two hours) than it is from Belfast.
We arrived at the historic Sieve Donald, which is right next to Royal County Down, on a sunny afternoon. The weather afforded us a chance to get in a quick round at the club's recently renovated Annesley Links. Like its big brother, Annesley was designed by Old Tom Morris and opened in 1896. It's been revised extensively since then. A couple of years ago Martin Ebert executed the latest renovations. The result is one of the longest 5,000-yard courses you'll ever play. The par 67 is also certifiably gorgeous, as plenty of elevated tees and greens overlook the Irish Sea, and the routing intertwines with some of the holes of the Championship Links. Since you certainly won't hit driver off every tee here, there's lots of strategy to this little course as well.
Playing an afternoon round on the day of arrival from across the pond is also a great way to adjust for time and jet lag. While it's tempting to take a nap on your first day after a redeye, playing golf – even if it's a bit wobbly – is a great way to adjust your clock. After a wonderful lamb dinner that night at the hotel restaurant – I think they have more sheep than people in Northern Ireland -- it took all of 30 seconds to get to sleep once my head hit the pillow. Morning would come at breakneck speed, and now it was time to play one of the best courses in the world.
Royal County Down leads championship lineup
Annesley was a great warm-up round, of course, for the Championship course at RCD, but nothing can prepare you for the tough conditions we would get the next day. From the get-go, we had our waterproofs on – that's what they call raingear in Great Britain and Ireland – so we knew it was going to be a tough day. The rain was steady, but fairly light in the beginning, nothing we couldn't handle. I actually parred the first hole, a relatively benign par 5, but knew as the day wore on that pars would be somewhat scarce.
Still, even in the tough conditions, it wasn't difficult to appreciate this course. With Dundrum Bay on one side below and the Mountains of Mourne on the other, Royal County Down, located in the Murlough Nature Reserve, is a visual treat. There are some blind shots, elevated tees, gorse, of course, and plenty of difficult undulating greens.
The crosswind holes required my very best concentration. On the ninth, for example, a 483-yard par 4 that requires a 220-yard carry to the fairway down below even from a tee box up, the howling was not only coming into us, but from the left as well. I would hit the best tee shot of the day there, but in order to hit it straight I had to feel like I was hooking the ball to not only hold off the slice wind, but keep it from ballooning as well.
This was the story all day on the Championship Links: figuring out the wind and trying to compensate, hoping the rain gloves provided enough control of the clubface. Sometimes it worked; sometimes it didn't. By the last couple of holes, there would be very little feel left, as it was now impossible to stay dry. But at the end, I had played Royal County Down, albeit several strokes higher than my handicap. And that was all right.
Ardglass fun setup for Royal Portrush
Not far from Newcastle is a course that's quite different than Royal County Down. Ardglass Golf Club was established in 1896. At just under 6,300 yards, it is certainly shorter and not as difficult, but it is every bit as scenic and a little quirkier. The first thing that makes a bold impression is the clubhouse. It's a converted castle that was built in the 1400s. Lunch and a Guinness before or after your round in the clubhouse tavern is a must.
The weather was mostly nice -- a few sprinkles and a little wind mixed in with a few periods of sunshine – so we were able to delight fully in the golf. Perhaps the hardest shot of the entire day is the opening tee shot. It plays uphill around a deep gorge filled with the Irish Sea on the left. You have to keep the tee shot right of that, obviously, and it helps to get it as far up the hill as possible to set up a short approach to a small green perched on a plateau that overlooks much of the course and the sea below. As you make your way around Ardglass, such views are commonplace. You continually play back into the sea or away from it or around a cove on the back nine (which does not start at the clubhouse).
Ardglass is continuing to evolve. Currently, all 58 bunkers are being rebuilt with sod-wall stacks to give the course even more of a links feel. Some seven more bunkers are also being added. While the bunker renovations continue -- a few at a time – there's no interruption of play. The work is expected to be completed by next year.
Ardglass set the stage for the next day's travel to the north coast of Northern Ireland. Our destination was The Dunluce Links at Royal Portrush Golf Club, which is less than two miles from the famous Giant's Causeway.
As you might expect, tee sheets are full leading into next year's Open Championship and beyond. Inside the golf shop, logoed merchandise abounds for the 148th Open, which will played July 18-21, 2019.
Dunluce Links has been around since 1909. Harry S. Colt performed its first significant renovation in 1932. The course was renovated again just before it played host to the 1951 Open Championship, and in the last couple of years it was revised again in anticipation of the 2019 return of the Open This time, the old 17th and 18th hole have been converted into space for a spectator village, so two new holes were added. Martin Ebert of Mackenzie & Ebert shifted the playing corridor of the sixth hole and built two new holes near the fifth and sixth holes of the Valley Links, Royal Portrush's second eighteen, used to be.
The two new Dunluce holes are the downhill par-five seventh and the long, difficult par-four eighth. The seventh, called "Curran Point," stretches to 590 yards with eight bunkers all down the left side en route to a difficult, undulating green. The eighth plays back down and up the hill the other way. Both are difficult, but if the wind is behind the players at The Open, you can expect them to try for the par 5 in two.
In addition, the course gained 150 more yards to bring it up to 7,137 yards from the tips. Three greens were also rebuilt and some bunker work was added. Ebert also reworked the Valley Course, a shorter, but fun course as well.
As for playing the course, the new holes are nice additions. They fit the land so well and flow so naturally with the other holes that they both seem like they've been in the routing for decades. The course didn't seem as difficult as Royal County Down, but as the Royal & Ancient prepares it for The Open, this could change. I'm looking forward to seeing the best players in the world play it. I did manage to birdie the seventh, by the way, nearly holing out for eagle from just off the green (one of the highlights of my week).
One of the best days weather-wise on the trip was the day we took on The Strand Course at Portstewart, which is less than a half hour from Royal Portrush. I had been told that the Strand Course, which hosted the 2017 Irish Open, has one of the most spectacular front nines of any layout in the world. I certainly wasn't disappointed. The tee shot on no. 1, which sits high above the sea and the dunes, might be worth the green fee alone, but there's no let up after that. Each hole has character as The Strand winds its way around gigantic dunes and showcases stunning views of the bay.
What I learned, though, is that distance control is everything. Several times, I miscalculated my tee shots and my ball wound up in either the high fescue when I hit through a fairway or in an impossible lie when my attempt to cut a corner failed. Having gone through the course once making plenty of mistakes, I decided to join two other writers for a second crack at it in the afternoon. This was my only 36-hole day of the trip. The result was much the same score-wise, which I'll attribute more to fatigue than improper strategy. Walking 15 miles with my bag on my shoulder just isn't as easy as it used to be.
Onto the Republic of Ireland
The next day, I got a rental car, so to speak. It was actually a 12-passenger van, as the rental car company apparently ran out of cars. I hopped in and drove west over to the north coast of the Republic of Ireland to play a couple of gems before returning to Dublin to fly back home to the U.S.
Before leaving Northern Ireland, however, I decided to make an early stop at Giant's Causeway, which is less than two miles from the lovely boutique hotel we were staying at – the Bushmills Inn.
I really didn't know what to expect at this UNESCO World Heritage Site, but there's an extensive museum as well as trails that lead along the cliffs to the causeway. Legend has it that the large rock columns that lead out into the North Sea were built by Finn MacCool, a mythical Irish hunter-warrior who was challenged to a fight by the Scottish giant Benandonner. Finn accepted the challenge and built the causeway across the North Channel so the two giants could meet. There's more to the legend, of course, but Giant's Causeway is really just a quirky geological wonder that goes back more than 50 million years (it's all explained in the museum).
After this 90-minute sightseeing interlude, I got behind the wheel of the van and started my journey toward Ballyliffin on the north coast of Ireland. I was scheduled for an early afternoon tee time, but I didn't quite make it without event. An encounter with a pothole led to a blowout that derailed my arrival, though I did manage to join my mates on the back nine of the Glashedy Links Course, and afterward I played the front nine by myself.
Glashedy Links, one of two 18-hole layouts at Ballyliffin Golf Club, is a modern course. Designed by Pat Ruddy and Tom Craddock, this host course for the 2018 Dubai Duty Free Irish Open was also one of the most enjoyable courses I've ever played. Though the sun shone brightly, a three-club wind howled for most of the day to make the course as tough as it was beautiful. There were so many memorable holes, including two terrific par 3s on the front nine. From the tee on the fifth, a par-3 that plays to a well-protected green about 170 yards away, I could look out into Pollan Bay and see Glashedy Rock Island, for which the course is named. It might have been the most beautiful spot on the course. And the par-3 seventh, with an elevated tee some 150 feet above the green, flanked by a pond to the right, also shined. Club selection was merely an educated guess.
After my round at Ballyliffin, I drove 90 minutes south and arrived in the resort town of Downings on Downings Bay just before dark. I had come for my last round of the trip. This round would be played on the newer of two terrific links layouts at the family-owned Rosapenna Hotel and Golf Resort, Sandy Hills Links.
Golf at Rosapenna actually dates back to the 1890s when Old Tom Morris visited the property and told then owner Lord Leitrim that this is where he needed to build his links. A century later Frank Casey (whose son Frank Casey Jr. is the director of golf now) bought the property and made several additions to Rosapenna, among which were a new nine to the Old Tom Morris Course and the new Sandy Hills Links, which debuted in 2003.
Sandy Hills Links is another Pat Ruddy design (Ruddy, by the way, is responsible for the famed European Club near Dublin), and its name fits it to a T. Built through the dunes surrounding Sheephaven Bay, the views never stop. One special hole follows after another, and because Rosapenna is a little off the beaten path, green fees aren't as high as they are at some other high profile courses.
As for the round, I had the pleasure of playing with a London couple (one of them was originally from this part of Ireland) vacationing in the area. These folks understood how to play links golf and get around a course. It took us less than 3 ½ hours. As for the weather, it was the best of the entire week, with a high around 70 and maybe a one-club wind. That will work on any kind of golf course and make me want to come back for more.
Review the courses mentioned this article!
Newcastle, County Down
Royal County Down Golf Club - Championship Course
View Tee Times
Royal Portrush Golf Club - Dunluce
Portrush, County Antrim
Ardglass Golf Club
Ardglass, County Down
Rosapenna Hotel and Golf Links - Sandy Hills Links
Rosapenna, County Donegal
Ballyliffin Golf Club - Glashedy
Ballyliffin, County Donegal
Portstewart Golf Club - The Strand
Portstewart, County Londonderry
Mike Bailey is a senior staff writer based in Houston. Focusing primarily on golf in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean and Latin America with an occasional trip to Europe and beyond, he contributes course reviews, travel stories and features as well as the occasional equipment review. An award-winning writer and past president of Texas Golf Writers Association, he has more than 25 years in the golf industry. Before accepting his current position in 2008, he was on staff at PGA Magazine, The Golfweek Group and AvidGolfer Magazine. Follow Mike on Twitter at @MikeBaileyGA and Instagram at @MikeStefanBailey.
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27 holes of fine links golf at Northern Ireland's Castlerock Golf Club
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I was having problems with overseas shipping for some wind sensors so I tried used a cheap microphone as an airflow sensor instead. It sort of works and I am quite proud of it. At first I hooked up the microphone to an Arduino but it was not able to tell the difference between sound and wind and was too easy to trigger. So I took away the Arduino and fed the mic input directly into Processing and did a real time Fast Fourier Transform analysis to help differentiate a wind versus sound input. A sound input would usually cause a range of frequencies to be picked up whereas an airflow would cause a distinctive shape with the lowest frequency being the loudest, and tapering away with higher frequencies. I also used a smoothing filter by averaging the readings over a certain amount of time. The result can be seen in the video.


Heather Coiner spent some time a few years back baking at Dufferin Grove Park, mostly using the bigger oven. She was a terrific baker, also a musician, and she had just got her PhD as well, and was giving some lectures at the University of Toronto. But her heart was with her friend Ben in Virginia, and that's where she went to live.


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The public cloud infrastructure as a service market is developing quickly, also in Europe. Over the past months we saw the number of international IaaS providers setting up shop in Europe increase, while also several European based providers launched new or upgraded offerings.
To keep a finger on the pulse of developments we started, as part of the European Cloud IaaS coverage at Gartner, surveying pan-European providers of Public Cloud Infrastructure as a Service . We are now extending the invite to participate in that survey more widely (like we recently did for the CIO survey).
Especially in Europe we see cloud IaaS services being offered as an extension to existing services, this survey focuses therefore on how IaaS services fit with the overall service portfolios of providers, so it also includes short questions on adjacent offerings in areas such as PaaS, SaaS, Managed Desktops & VDI, DC Outsourcing, Infrastructure Utility Services, Managed Hosting, Co-location and IT Professional & Brokerage Services.
If you are providing IaaS services in at least two European regions, then please take some time to fill out this survey. The data received will be used to gauge the overall state of the pan-European Public Cloud IaaS landscape, not to describe individual providers (for these we use other information such as the regular vendor briefing process, see here how to apply for such briefings).
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Damaging winds and rain are still being forecast for several islands in the southern Cook Islands as Cyclone Pat approaches.
A short time ago the cyclone was about 170 kilometres from Aitutaki and 400 kilometres from Rarotonga.
At the centre of the cyclone occasional gusts of up to 180 kilometres an hour are expected, with Aitutaki and close by smaller islands likely to get winds this afternoon of up to 170 kilometres with heavy rain, damaging sea swells with coastal flooding.
Damaging gale force winds are expected on Rarotonga early tomorrow.
Police inspector John Strickland says people on Aitutaki are well prepared.
"As we speak I just want to advise that the island's emergency operations has been activated this morning. They have been maintaining their monitoring of the cyclone as well, and taking from our reports as well, here in Rarotonga. Thirdly, all hotel managers around the island have been updated and advised of the latest developments. As far as moving to higher ground that has been in action since this morning to be prepared."


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Don't assume your graphic designer can create good ad copy, and don't rely on your developers to write your end user documentation. Hire the right professional for the right job.
MFM began as a software development company creating applications for the engineering field, then later, the Real Estate market. Core to our application development philosophy was documentation, both internal and end-user. As the Internet emerged in the early 1990's, MFM added website development to our list of services, which led to creating website copy for our clients who didn't have the expertise in house.
As the website development evolved, allowing anyone to create beautiful sites, with easy-to-use tools, MFM was able to shift focus from the underlying software to the end-user experience. With today's web users looking for less flash and more substance, website copy has become more important than ever.
MFM has been in the business of helping businesses for over two decades. With a strong background in software development, we understand the requirements for both internal technical documentation and end-user guides. With our experience in website development, we understand how people use websites and can help you develop copy that isn't just filler, but both SEO-friendly and useful for your customers.
Successful business owners understand the need to focus on their business and offload other tasks to those best suited for them. Don't struggle over your writing project. Hire a professional to do it for you.


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Why states should focus on improving living conditions and worry less about population decline
A demographic group, after reaching replacement rate, will continue to grow for the next few decades, mostly because the proportion of people in the reproductive age – born during the periods of fast population growth - is still high
mumbai Updated: Jan 06, 2019 22:46 IST
India's population tops 1.2 billion making it the second most populous country in the world after China. (AP)
Last month Andhra Pradesh chief minister, N Chandrababu Naidu, said that the state's population had fallen by 1.6 per cent in the last 10 years. He announced that the state will offer incentives to couples willing to have more than two children and phase outlaws that bars people with more than two children from contesting elections in local administrative bodies like village panchayats.
Naidu is wrong about a population decline in Andhra Pradesh. India last counted its population in 2011 and the next enumeration will take place in 2021; other data on populations are just estimates. Andhra Pradesh's population (including Telangana) was 76 million in 2001, a growth of 13.86% from 1991. In 2011, the state's population was 84 million, growing 10.98% over 2001. The state's population did not decline during the decade; what had declined was the growth rate.
India's decennial census shows that the country's population growth rate has been declining too. The population grew by around 21% between 1951 and 1961. In the next decade, it grew by 24.8%. After similar growth rates in the next two decades, the rate of increase has been declining; the population grew 23.87% between 1981 and 1991 and 21.54% during 1991-2001. Between 2001 and 2011 it grew 17.7%.
No state in India has reported a decline in population. Nagaland reported a 0.5% decline (Around 10,000 fewer people) between 2001 and 2011, but experts said that this could be due to flaws in earlier counts.
Paranoia about population decline exists across the world. Japan's population is declining and China will soon join a group of countries in East Asia and Europe with a falling population. In 2017, Poland's government told the country of some 38 million people to 'breed like rabbits' to reverse a possible decline in population. In the case of Poland, the decline is not far away – its fertility rate was 1.32 children per woman in 2015.
India and Andhra Pradesh are decades away from this situation. Andhra's fertility rate is around 1.8 which is close to what is called the 'replacement rate' of 2.1 when the number of children is just enough to keep the population stable. The latest National Family Health Survey puts India's fertility rate at 2.2, 1.83 in AP and 1.78 in Telangana.
Demographers said that a demographic group, after reaching replacement rate, will continue to grow for the next few decades, mostly because the proportion of people in the reproductive age – born during the periods of fast population growth - is still high. Increasing life expectancy also contributes to population growth. Andhra Pradesh, like other states in south India, Goa, West Bengal, Punjab, among others, is in the middle of this trend. "Andhra's population will continue to grow in absolute numbers for the next two decades," said RB Bhagat, professor and head of the department of migration and urban studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai.
"The state should focus on improving life expectancy (68.5 years in 2014, according to the NITI Aayog. This is similar to the Indian average of 68.5 years. Bangladesh does better, with a life expectancy of 72.16 years in 2015, according to the World Bank) Focus should be on improving health conditions, nutrition and overall development," said Bhagat.
Naidu can also focus on primary education. The state's literacy rate – 67% in 2011 - was the lowest in south India and is lower than the national average (74.4%).
Andhra's worry can be explained to its fear that as the state's share of the country's population falls, its share from population-based dividends coming from the XV Finance Commission will decline. If Lok Sabha constituencies are redrawn to reflect the new population numbers, the state, like the rest of south India, could have fewer seats in Parliament. This is because while south India's population has been growing, it has been increasing at a lower rate than states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh. Andhra's share of the country's population fell from 7.4% in 2001 to 6.99% in 2011.
Naidu said he is worried about a decline in the number of people in the working age. Population growth is linked to incomes, among other things. When countries reach middle-income status – India is close; it is now classified as a lower middle-income country – they witness a decline in the share of the working-age population. As China's working-age population declines, India's working age population will soon be the biggest in the world before it starts falling here too.
First Published: Jan 06, 2019 22:46 IST
Population decline
Living condition
Replacement rate
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
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An Open Slot Antenna with Bandwidth Extension for WLAN/UWB Applications
Jing-Ya Deng,1,2 Tian-Qi Fan,1 Yan Zhang,2 Xiang Wen,2 Guo-Qiang Liu,3 and Li-Xin Guo1
1School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
2Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, Beijing, China
3Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing, China
Received 11 July 2014; Revised 20 August 2014; Accepted 8 September 2014
Academic Editor: Renato Cicchetti
Copyright © 2015 Jing-Ya Deng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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P. Bernardi, R. Cicchetti, S. Pisa, E. Pittella, E. Piuzzi, and O. Testa, "Design, realization, and test of a UWB radar sensor for breath activity monitoring," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 584–596, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
X. Zhuge, T. G. Savelyev, A. G. Yarovoy, and L. P. Ligthart, "Subsurface imaging with UWB linear array: evaluation of antenna step and array aperture," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB '07), pp. 66–70, September 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
M. Soliman and Z. Wu, "Design, simulation and implementation of UWB antenna array and it's application in GPR systems," in Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP '07), p. 87, November 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
A. A. Lestari, A. G. Yarovoy, and L. P. Ligthart, "Adaptive wire bow-tie antenna for GPR applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1745–1754, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
C. Liebe, A. Gaugue, X. Zhao, J. Khamlichi, and M. Menard, "A through wall UWB RADAR with mechanical sweeping system," in Proceedings of the 39th European Microwave Conference (EuMC '09), pp. 1634–1637, Rome, Italy, 2009.
W. S. Chen, "Broadband design of a small non-symmetric ground λ/4 open slot antenna with small size," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, pp. 2563–2566, 2006. View at Google Scholar
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K. Song, Y.-Z. Yin, H.-H. Xie, S.-L. Zuo, and D. Xi, "A corner-truncated patch scheme of bandwidth enhancement for open slot antenna," in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics (ISSSE '10), vol. 2, pp. 1–3, Nanjing, China, September 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
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Do you have a family history business or blog? Create a listing! Or claim and edit your site if it's listed!
bespokeGenealogy is a genealogy company owned by Alistair McGowan specializing in UK family history research.
Follow the bespokeGenealogy blog and follow them on Pinterest for great research tips for England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland.
Genea-Musings is Randy Seaver's family history website and blog which "features genealogy research tips and techniques, genealogy news items and commentary, genealogy humor, San Diego genealogy society news, family history research and some family history stories".
Randy also does a regular weekly review of his favorite genealogy articles, Best of the Genea-Blogs, which is a great way to follow what's currently being discussed in genealogy circles.
Check out Randy's genealogy links, presentation schedule, and follow him on Twitter or other social media platforms.
Gail shares a daily blog about genealogy news and resources in Canada and the US. Her blog includes the latest online records, cemeteries, webinars, presentations, genealogical societies' projects, and more.
She has a weekly blog post, crème de la crème, with her picks of genealogy treasures she's found online that week--a great way to follow hot topics in genealogy.
AntonyArt Digital Retouching is a professional photo restoration service owned and operated by Anton Artemov.
Visit their site for prices and services and for an explanation of How to Place an Order & Request an Estimate.
Video_1: Restoration of a badly damaged old photo.
TSOLife, The Story of Life, is a personal history preservation service for both individuals and organizations. They have a mobile iOS app that can be used to record and upload personal stories, oral histories, and videos.
I'll share, in italics, what I've gleaned from my test results at each site.
23andMe has a DNA test* for $99 (not on sale) and a Health & Ancestry (autosomal DNA) test on sale for $169 ($30 off the list price of $199).
I have 1200 DNA matches at 23andMe, mainly extended family, 3rd cousins and beyond. I don't use 23andMe for genealogy purposes. I primarily follow my 23andMe test results for the health test results (you'll need to purchase the Health & Ancestry test for this benefit). This was a relatively cheap way to get some basic DNA health screening. You can see what reports are included by visiting this report page, see the right-column, beneath the Health + Ancestry Service.


text:
The scene at Dag Weiser's home on Halloween 2021.
Santa Cruz artist Dag Weiser does it all — and he's finally at peace with the moniker 'Mr. Cardboard'
Artist Dag Weiser says he's always had "a weird attitude about the impermanence of art," which fits neatly into his one-night-only Halloween displays both this year and in years past. Though he's more than just "Mr. Cardboard," with a discipline that includes assemblage and painting, he's happy to be known for his temporary art.
In the world you and I inhabit, neighborhood Halloween displays usually go up in early to mid October. But Dag Weiser doesn't quite live in that world.
The night before Halloween, Weiser's house on Market Street in Santa Cruz — famously the site of some of the most eye-popping Halloween displays of years past — looked as it does during any other day of the year, in need of a coat of paint maybe, but otherwise not really standing out from the other homes on the street. On the day after Halloween, same scene, nothing out of the ordinary.
But on Oct. 31 itself, in the hours around sundown, Weiser's house was transformed into a one-night-only pop-up art spectacle. There was no traditional imagery you might associate with Halloween, but the imagery was scary nonetheless, albeit in an uncomfortably real-world way. Illuminated with a bank of theatrically colored lighting, Weiser's yard was populated with more than a hundred penguins … on fire.
To be sure, these were artistic depictions of penguins, rendered onto cardboard, Weiser's medium of choice in recent years. Towering over the penguins, leering at them maniacally were a couple of giant, green-faced monsters, a man and a woman, pushing in a baby carriage some kind of grotesque creature, drooling with menace. The political message was about as subtle as a flamethrower. Welcome to "The Last Waltz of the Penguins."
As the night grew darker, there were more spectators admiring the installation than trick-or-treaters in the crowd, including at one point at least three professional art curators. This all makes sense given that Dag Weiser isn't some suburban dad trying to have some fun on Halloween. He's one of Santa Cruz's most daring and mischievous artists, a playful yet committed provocateur whose work often shines with pointed political messaging and irreverent humor.
Dag Weiser
"He's just wildly talented and creative," said Melissa Kreisa, the owner of the gallery Curated By the Sea on Front Street in Santa Cruz. "I've never met anyone quite like him, his worldview, his perspective, the way he looks at things. There's only a couple of artists that I've thought, 'Y'know, I'd like to live in their brain for a day.' And that would be Dag."
Weiser's artistic pursuits are broader than his reputation, as "Mr. Halloween." Kriesa's gallery featured Weiser's work in a show over the summer that highlighted not only his cardboard art, but assemblage and traditional painting as well. He will be spending the coming months, he told me, pursuing photo-realism painting, using as subjects manhole covers on his street.
However much he wants to be considered a complete artist — and he certainly does — Weiser has learned to lean in to what he is most well-known for in Santa Cruz. That's not necessarily his show-stopping Halloween displays, but rather the raw material that he uses to build them.
Yeah, I'm the cardboard guy.
"Yeah, I'm the cardboard guy," he said. "I used to preface a lot of conversations with, 'That's not all I do, you know. I do a lot of other stuff.' Now, I'm very happy to be noticed as the cardboard guy."
Though there are many artists who work in cardboard nowadays, Weiser has been exploring it for years. The URL for his website (cardboardart.org) marks him as a kind of O.G. of cardboard art. Perhaps, the most prominent example of Weiser's cardboard art is the two-faced portraits in the windows out in front of the Rio Theatre, in which Dolly Parton's portrait morphs into that of Salvador Dali (get it?), as well as some stylized faces in the Rio's interior.
A detail from "The Last Waltz of the Penguins," a display made out of cardboard made by artist Dag Weiser.
Cardboard is, of course, a familiar material for artists and non-artists alike, and Weiser has always admired its utility as both a surface on which to draw and paint, and a three-dimensional medium of sculpture. And though cardboard may be durable, it's not enduring. It's not designed to live on for years. It's constructed to be recycled.
What many artists might view as a big negative, maybe even a deal-breaker as far as materials go, is exactly what Weiser admires about cardboard. He's not much interested in art that outlives its moment of creation. "It's part of my schtick to just recycle the art and get rid of it, move on to something different."
It's part of my schtick to just recycle the art and get rid of it, move on to something different.
In that respect, Weiser doesn't just casually toss away his creations. He takes delight in watching them destroyed. For years, he dragged his elaborate cardboard creations to the landfill, but one incident convinced him to make sure they were all properly recycled.
One day, he saw a set of his own art pieces in someone else's yard sale. "I slammed on the brakes and ran over to this yard sale. I was like, 'Where did you get that?' And she said, 'Somebody threw it away at the dump, so I just picked it up.' And I was like, 'Yeah, that was me.'"
In that case, Weiser actually had to buy back his own art work. "They gave me a good price," he laughed. He then recycled the piece again.
"It wasn't going to last forever anyway," he said. "Cardboard is not built to do that. But I push the edge of that envelope quite a bit. I've thrown away a lot of pretty good-looking cardboard in the name of the ephemeral. I've always had a weird attitude about the impermanence of art."
It wasn't going to last forever anyway. Cardboard is not built to do that... I've always had a weird attitude about the impermanence of art.
Weiser's casual approach to the long-term preservation of his art causes some anxiety to curators and collectors.
"It just breaks my heart that he does that," said Kriesa of Curated By the Sea, acknowledging that she understands the ethic behind it. "I get it, but (his art) is so inspirational. Especially now, in the last few months, people come in and they just want to spend time with some art and get inspired."
In recent years, Weiser has given away many of his pieces, often to friends. One friend in the performing arts uses them for elements in her performance pieces. Kriesa took ownership of one of Weiser's most ambitious pieces, an enormous 30-foot column of bees and flowers, originally commissioned for the Museum of Art & History.
Little-seen but much admired: The three-story column of flowers and bees at the MAH.
(Via the MAH)
The bees and flowers work was a symbol of colossal bad luck. The piece was hung in the stairwell at the MAH in the spring of 2020, but the museum closed in reaction to the outbreak of COVID-19 two days later. The cardboard piece hung in the MAH for a year, though almost no one got to see it.
Kriesa has been showing it at her gallery, broken into three columns, ever since. She'd like to find the piece a home whether to sell it to a collector or to find "a non-profit somewhere or a children's charity."
Fellow Santa Cruz artist and good friend Dee Hooker has several Dag Weiser pieces in her home. "I'm a fan of people that do art that isn't like everybody else's," she said. "And when I first saw Dag's work, I had never seen anyone do something like that, going out and getting refrigerator boxes and do these amazing installations that talk about the ephemeral."
Hooker also admires Weiser's willingness to zig when others zag. An overtly political artist threw his community a curveball with his beautiful cardboard creation of bees, flowers, and butterflies. "He did all that during Trump," she said. "One year, he did monarchs and the next year he did flowers and bees. And it was partially a gift to people to have a moment to chill."
I'm a fan of people that do art that isn't like everybody else's.
One thing's for certain. If you were a day late (or a day early), you simply didn't get to see Weiser's army of burning penguins. Curated By the Sea has called dibs, so those who were otherwise engaged on Halloween might still get a chance to see the penguins.
In that sense, the bad luck debacle at the MAH, where one of Weiser's most ambitious and large-scale pieces hung in a museum no one was allowed to enter, is symbolic of Weiser's standing in the community. Whether it's through his own design or astounding coincidence, seeing Weiser's art in the wild is an experience worth savoring.
City LifeThe Here & NowSanta CruzWallace BaineInstagram
'Bay of Life' enlarges the vision of what we all call 'home'
"Bay of Life," a project from Bonny Doon photographer Frans Lanting and writer Chris Eckstrom, is on display at the...
A clown at heart, actor Patty Gallagher 'works like a demon' on Santa Cruz stages
Patty Gallagher went back to her childhood to capture Corita Kent for Jewel Theatre's new production — and found a...
As fentanyl crisis surges, pilot project aims to get Narcan into Santa Cruz County bars and nightclubs
By Kate Hull
The SafeRx project aims to distribute Narcan to six local bars, three in North County and three in South County. The...


text:
.. _vSphere API 4.0: ../../vim/version.rst#vimversionversion5

.. _vim.event.DvsEvent: ../../vim/event/DvsEvent.rst

.. _vim.event.HostEventArgument: ../../vim/event/HostEventArgument.rst

vim.event.DvsHostJoinedEvent
============================
  A host joined the distributed virtual switch.
:extends: vim.event.DvsEvent_
:since: `vSphere API 4.0`_

Attributes:
    hostJoined (`vim.event.HostEventArgument`_):

       The host that joined DVS.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The world is changing and becoming more dependent on the internet. The audience's or customer's buying behavior has also changed,…
In Online Business
SKILLS TO LEARN IN 2023 – 5 Amazing Skills To Learn.
April 19, 2022 12 Mins Read
Knowing which skills to learn in 2023 can be daunting, in a world that is constantly changing, but it's important…
How to Start a Career in Digital Marketing
Are you thinking of starting a career in Digital Marketing? It's a great choice! I can tell you this without…
7 Facts You Never Knew About Pay Per Click
Google AdWords is the best-known pay per click (PPC) platform, Here are 7 facts you never knew about pay per…
Digital Marketing Guide: What You Need to Know.
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Want to reach more people online? The Ultimate Guide to Digital Marketing: What You Need to Know. What is Digital…


text:
5 Hotel Brands with Big News
by Smart Meetings
Who: Melia Hotels International
What: After the Cuban government called for building more than 100,000 new accommodations in next 13 years, Melia Hotels International announced that it would be adding eight hotels in partnership with Cuban hotel groups for a combined total of almost 1,000 new rooms in three cities. Much of the attention will be in the lesser-known areas outside Havana that encompass extensive navigable coastline, sparkling bays and almost 2,500 miles of coral reefs.
When: By 2030
Where: The International Tourism Fair, FITCuba 2017 (Holguin, Cuba)
Why: "We are taking on a commitment to strengthen the multi-destination vacation segment, guaranteeing the service and quality of the Melia, Innside and Sol House brands from the east to the west of the island." –Gabriel Escarrer Jaume, vice president of Melia Hotels International
Who: Wyndham Hotel Group
What: Wyndham launched a new soft brand, The Trademark Hotel Collection, to bring upper-midscale independent hotels on board. Hoteliers can take advantage of Wyndham's "scale, distribution, services and loyalty program." Trademark seeks to give travelers a variety of options. Each location will have a distinct personality. Trademark, the company's 19th hotel brand, debuted with 50-plus hotels.
When: June 5
Where: Parsippany, New Jersey
Why: "Trademark isn't just another brand—it's a rally cry for independent entrepreneurs who aren't afraid to make their own mark. [Trademark] is the next step in our mission to flip the script on existing expectations and champion all hoteliers by offering them an independent choice outside of the current luxury and upscale options available." –Lisa Checchio, vice president of brand marketing and insights for Wyndham Hotel Group
Who: Marriott International
What: Marriott International is expanding its independent hotel portfolio. The chain already counts more than 240 indie hotels within The Luxury Collection, Autograph Collection and Tribute Portfolio brands. Marriott aspires to increase this figure by 50 percent in the next two years, with projected growth of 20 percent in 2017. It will open more than 40 properties globally this year, and eventually reach 50 countries and territories.
Where: NYU International Hospitality Industry Investment Conference (New York City)
Why: "We're seeing increased demand for Marriott's collection brands, given consumers' desire to stay at properties with unique stories and independent hotel owners realizing that Marriott's size and scale can drive significant value to their properties." –Tony Capuano, executive vice president and global chief development officer for Marriott
Who: Trump Hotels
What: Trump Hotels announced the launch of its new midscale hotel brand, American Idea, as an alternative to "run-of-the-mill offerings." The hotels will focus on providing guests with an experience "that pays respect to the unique culture of each destination." Three agreements to open American Idea properties in the Mississippi Delta region have been signed. According to The New York Times, some Holiday Inn and Comfort Inn locations will be rebranded as American Idea hotels.
Where: New York City
Why: "While we will continue in pursuit of…our luxury Trump Hotel brand, we look forward to leveraging our expertise and experience across the various segments of the hotel business and bringing our trademark hospitality to many more guests, owners and markets across the nation." –Eric Danziger, CEO of Trump Hotels
Travel Is Not Going Back To Normal


Part 1. Cancellation of Classes due to Weather or other Short Term Emergencies. The authority to cancel classes due to weather conditions or other short term emergencies resides with the college or university president or the president's designee. Policy 1A.10 Emergency Management is applicable for long term closures. Cancellation of classes does not excuse any employee from work. Employees of the college, including faculty, may take personal leave, vacation leave or use earned compensatory time when classes are canceled and they choose to be absent from work.
Part 2. Campus Closing due to Weather or other Emergency. A president or designee may close a college or university campus due to a weather or other short term emergency of 6 calendar days or less in accordance with this policy. Policy 1A.10 Long Term Emergency Management is applicable for long term closures. The closure of state agencies by the Commissioner of the Department of Employee Relations does not apply to MnSCU institutions. The Governor of Minnesota has emergency powers to issue an executive order to change the work schedule of executive branch employees in cases of natural disaster or other emergencies [M.S. Section 12.21 - see related documents below]. This does apply to Minnesota State Colleges and Universities employees.
Positions and employees of the college or university who provide services that are essential to protect life and property during campus closings due to weather conditions. These "weather essential" employees will not be excused from work duty during campus closings.
Methods of notification of campus closings appropriate to employees, students and the public.
Subpart B. Filing. A copy of the written procedures shall be filed with the Chancellor.
Subpart C. Other emergencies. The college or university president shall maintain a list of emergency situations other than those which are due to weather conditions for which campus closure would be an appropriate action. A list of essential employees that would not be excused from work duty during campus closings due to identified emergency conditions shall be maintained by the president.
Subpart D. Effect of closure. When a campus closing is declared, college or university employees are excused from work with pay. An employee's absence with pay for an individual emergency situation shall not exceed the equivalent of two work days unless the Chancellor authorizes a longer period. A campus closure applies to all employees without regard to labor contract. Weather or other emergency essential employees who are not excused from work will be paid at their regular rate of pay.
Subpart E. Timeframe. The declaration of a campus closure shall, whenever possible, clearly identify the timeframe when employees are excused from work.
Subpart F. Notice to the Chancellor. Each college or university shall notify the Chancellor or designee after the decision is made to close a campus due to weather conditions or other emergency conditions. This notice will be used by the system office to respond to inquiries regarding campus closures.
Part 3. System Office . The Commissioner of the Department of Employee Relations has authority to excuse employees of the system office with pay due to weather or other emergencies. The Chancellor may also excuse employees of the system office due to weather or other emergencies and may pay employees with the approval of the Commissioner of the Department of Employee Relations for such absence. Decisions by a president to close a campus apply to employees of the system office assigned to a work station at that campus.
Statutory Authority: 1994 Minnesota Statutes, section 43A.05, subdivision 4 (see related documents below).


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RIDASCREEN® ELISA tests are enzyme immunoassay platforms for qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative determination of the target molecules, such as biomarkers, antigens or antibodies.
Most of the RIDASCREEN® ELISA tests employ specific antibodies in a sandwich-type method, where the molecule-specific antibodies are attached to the well of the ELISA plate.
Our ELISA test systems for clinical diagnostics are optimized for many automated platforms. Please inquire by using the contact form to find out more about the automation possibilities.
All enzyme immunoassays from R-Biopharm are CE-marked.
You can find more information on our RIDASCREEN® EasyKit ELISA tests in our free customer brochure.


text:
Q: Inserting small arrows (triangles) in bottom axis pointing up with R I'm using the following code to insert vertical lines in a timeseries plot:
abline(v=as.Date("2007-09-19"),col="red",lty=2)
abline(v=as.Date("2008-03-10"),col="red",lty=2)
abline(v=as.Date("2008-04-28"),col="red",lty=2)
abline(v=as.Date("2009-08-07"),col="red",lty=2)

But I would rather prefer a small triangle pointing up in the bottom axis, along with a label. Hints?

A: I prefer to use dedicated symbol for that purpose. For example, use points() with pch=17 (filled triangle) like in the example below:
dd <- dotplot(m~i|p,data=res.EQ.long,subset=i %in% eq5d.items.names[1:5],
              ylab="Score",ylim=c(0.5,3.5),
              scales=list(x=list(rot=45,at=1:5,
                          labels=eq5d.items.names[1:5],cex=c(.8,.8))),
              main="EQ-5D",
              panel=function(x,y,subscripts,...){
              panel.dotplot(x,y,...)
              panel.lines(x=c(1,5),y=3,lwd=1.5, col="gray50")
              panel.segments(x0=c(1,3,5),y0=rep(2.95,3),
                             x1=c(1,3,5),y1=rep(3.05,5),
                             lwd=1.5, col="gray50")
              panel.text(x=c(1,3,5),y=3,c(0,50,100),cex=.6,pos=3)
              panel.text(x=3,y=3.2,"Health State",cex=.6,pos=3)
              panel.points(x=(4*ref[packet.number()])/100+1,y=2.9,
                           pch=17)
              panel.points(x=1:5,y=res.EQ2[1:5,packet.number()],
                           col="red",pch=19,cex=.6)
              },
              key=list(text=list(c("Mean","Median")),x=0.7,y=0.9,
                       lines=list(col=c("blue","red"),type="p",
                       pch=19,cex=.8)))
print(dd)

The complete list of symbols can be obtained with show.pch() from the Hmisc package.

A: There's a variety of ways.  You could use a pch = '^' and put that near the bottom or look up an arrow symbol character.  Also you could just do what you're doing with the arrows() command and draw short arrows instead of abline().  With arrows you would need to specify both ends instead of just the horizontal position.. e.g.
arrows(as.Date("2009-08-07"),0, as.Date("2009-08-07"), 0.5, col="red",lty=2)

A: You could manually construct the triangles using the 'polygon' command.  There might be a nice way to automate the construction of these but depending on how many you want to make it probably wouldn't be too bad to figure out the coordinates by hand.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If one person in America understands both the promise and pitfalls of hospital sales like the one proposed between Mission Health and HCA, it is former Missouri attorney general and governor Jeremiah "Jay" Nixon.
The good news for Western North Carolina is that Nixon will share his insights with the officials responsible for overseeing the sale of Mission to HCA, the nation's largest for-profit hospital chain. While attorney general, he created not one but two strong, independent health foundations for the people of Missouri – one out of a transaction involving HCA, the other involving Blue Cross Blue Shield.
On Friday, Oct. 26, Nixon will be in Raleigh, where he will confer with staff in the office of the Attorney General – the people evaluating whether the sale truly serves the public interest, as the law says it must.
-That members of the foundation board are drawn primarily from Buncombe County and not representative of the people across the region whom they are supposed to serve.
These are issues Nixon knows first-hand from two transactions he oversaw as Missouri attorney general. In one, HCA bought a nonprofit hospital system, Health Midwest. Nixon personally appointed the board of the foundation that received the proceeds, insisting that board members have no ties to either HCA or Health Midwest. That foundation later sued HCA for breaching the sales agreement, winning hundreds of millions of dollars and proving why it's vital to have an independent board.
In the second transaction, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Missouri shifted from nonprofit to for-profit status. The giant insurer argued that it had no obligation to establish a charitable foundation in the process, and the state insurance department went along. But Nixon sued Blue Cross and won, creating a foundation that today has assets of well over $1 billion.
Nixon is coming to North Carolina at the invitation of groups and individuals located across the region. They include SEARCH (Sustaining Essential and Rural Community Healthcare), based in Yancey and Mitchell Counties; the mayor of Highlands; COAH (Communities for Older Adult Health), based in Asheville; and Elder Law Carolina, based in Asheville.


text:
Coffin-Siris syndrome
Inspired by patients
Curcio MR, Ferranti S, Lotti F, Grosso S. Coffin-Siris syndrome and epilepsy. Neurol Sci. 2021 Feb;42(2):727-729. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04782-y. Epub 2020 Oct 2. PMID: 33006724.
Coffin-Siris syndrome is a rare genetic disorder defined by the presence of particular facial traits, congenital malformations, intellectual disability, and speech impairment. Epilepsy in Coffin-Siris syndrome has only occasionally been reported, and its features are poorly defined. We provide a detailed description of the clinical and instrumental findings of three patients with Coffin-Siris syndrome and epilepsy. The clinical diagnosis in our patients was confirmed by molecular analysis, which identified the presence of de novo mutations of ARID1B and SMARCB1 genes, in two patients and one patient, respectively. All the patients presented with epilepsy, with a mean age of seizure onset of 5.5 years. Seizures were brief and had a focal onset with secondary generalization. Electroencephalographic recording documented a unilateral, and less commonly bilateral, paroxysmal activity in the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. Clinical response to anticonvulsive therapy was satisfactory, with a low rate of seizure recurrence. Our case series contributes to delineate the phenotype of Coffin-Siris syndrome. We wish this report could pave the way for further studies that will better define the prevalence and clinical manifestations of epilepsy in this rare syndrome.
Kosho T, Okamoto N; Coffin-Siris Syndrome International Collaborators. Genotype-phenotype correlation of Coffin-Siris syndrome caused by mutations in SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCE1, and ARID1A. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2014 Sep;166C(3):262-75. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31407. Epub 2014 Aug 28. PMID: 25168959.
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome, recently found to be caused by mutations in several genes encoding components of the BAF complex. To date, 109 patients have been reported with their mutations: SMARCB1 (12%), SMARCA4 (11%), SMARCE1 (2%), ARID1A (7%), ARID1B (65%), and PHF6 (2%). We review genotype-phenotype correlation of all previously reported patients with mutations in SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCE1, and ARID1A through reassessment of their clinical and molecular findings. Cardinal features of CSS included variable degrees of intellectual disability (ID) predominantly affecting speech, sucking/feeding difficulty, and craniofacial (thick eyebrows, long eyelashes), digital (hypoplastic 5th fingers or toes, hypoplastic 5th fingernails or toenails), and other characteristics (hypertrichosis). In addition, patients with SMARCB1 mutations had severe neurodevelopmental deficits including severe ID, seizures, CNS structural abnormalities, and no expressive words as well as scoliosis. Especially, those with a recurrent mutation "p.Lys364del" represented strikingly similar phenotypes including characteristic facial coarseness. Patients with SMARCA4 mutations had less coarse craniofacial appearances and behavioral abnormalities. Patients with SMARCE1 mutations had a wide spectrum of manifestations from severe to moderate ID. Patients with ARID1A also had a wide spectrum of manifestations from severe ID and serous internal complications that could result in early death to mild ID. Mutations in SMARCB1, SMARCA4, and SMARCE1 are expected to exert dominant-negative or gain-of-function effects, whereas those in ARID1A are expected to exert loss-of-function effects.
Filatova A, Rey LK, Lechler MB, Schaper J, Hempel M, Posmyk R, Szczaluba K, Santen GWE, Wieczorek D, Nuber UA. Mutations in SMARCB1 and in other Coffin-Siris syndrome genes lead to various brain midline defects. Nat Commun. 2019 Jul 4;10(1):2966. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10849-y. PMID: 31273213; PMCID: PMC6609698.
Mutations in genes encoding components of BAF (BRG1/BRM-associated factor) chromatin remodeling complexes cause neurodevelopmental disorders and tumors. The mechanisms leading to the development of these two disease entities alone or in combination remain unclear. We generated mice with a heterozygous nervous system-specific partial loss-of-function mutation in a BAF core component gene, Smarcb1. These Smarcb1 mutant mice show various brain midline abnormalities that are also found in individuals with Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) caused by SMARCB1, SMARCE1, and ARID1B mutations and in SMARCB1-related intellectual disability (ID) with choroid plexus hyperplasia (CPH). Analyses of the Smarcb1 mutant animals indicate that one prominent midline abnormality, corpus callosum agenesis, is due to midline glia aberrations. Our results establish a novel role of Smarcb1 in the development of the brain midline and have important clinical implications for BAF complex-related ID/neurodevelopmental disorders.
See: https://childnervoussystem.blogspot.com/2019/11/smarcc2-mutations.html
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