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Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women's Activism in the Beauty Industry available in Paperback, NOOK Book
Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women's Activism in the Beauty Industry
by Tiffany M. GillTiffany M. Gill
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Buy Online, Pick up in Store conveys the everyday operations and rich culture of black beauty salons as well as their role in building community.
Women in American History Series
Tiffany M. Gill is an associate professor of Black Studies and history at the University of Delaware.
Beauty Shop Politics
African American Women's Activism in the Beauty Industry
By TIFFANY M. GILL
Copyright © 2010 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Beauty Pioneers
Racial Uplift and Gender in the Creation of a Black Business Community
During his travels throughout the country in the late nineteenth century, Booker T. Washington, prominent race leader and founder of Tuskegee Institute, noticed an interesting phenomenon. Just one generation removed from the shackles of enslavement and battling for their ever diminishing citizenship rights, African American men and women throughout the nation were embracing the industrial age by owning and operating successful business ventures. While their small-scale enterprises in no way rivaled those of industrial capitalists such as John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie, who symbolized American business in this age, Washington recognized that African American entrepreneurs had great potential to inspire wealth accumulation within their communities. Washington wanted to organize these "leading and most successful colored men and women in the country who were engaged in business" under his tutelage to link their efforts to his accomodationist and sometimes controversial ideas concerning racial uplift. To that end, in August 1900 he gathered more than three hundred business men and women in Boston, Massachusetts, to establish the National Negro Business League (NNBL).
Washington, however, was not the first or the only black leader who desired to unite and organize the black business community at the turn of the twentieth century. Just one year earlier, the venerable W. E. B. Du Bois, often depicted as Washington's rival in all matters pertaining to black leadership and political rights, also called for African Americans to engage in business enterprises. As correspondence secretary of the Fourth Conference for the Study of the Negro Problems at Atlanta University in 1899, Du Bois was instrumental in choosing the theme of the conference, "The Negro in Business." After conducting a survey to "find in each locality the number and kind of Negro business men," Du Bois gathered some of the eras finest race men and women to chronicle the state of entrepreneurial progress since Reconstruction and posit avenues for future growth. Only a few women spoke at Washington and Du Bois's gatherings, and women's entrepreneurial efforts and accomplishments were marginalized.
At the time African American male leaders such as Du Bois and Washington explored the meaning of entrepreneurship to the uplift of the race, two black women, Sarah Breedlove and Annie Malone, were struggling for their economic survival. By 1900, Breedlove, who would later become Madam C. J. Walker, was widowed by her first husband, estranged from her second husband, and raising her fifteen-year-old daughter on a washerwoman's meager earnings in St. Louis. Annie Malone was faring slightly better and living in the all-black town of Lovejoy, Illinois, where "in a rear room in a small frame building" she began to manufacture a preparation to stimulate and promote hair growth. It would take Walker, Malone, and the industry they pioneered to move women into the center of the discourse on race and entrepreneurship in the early twentieth century.
Highlighting a major development in early-twentieth-century black life-the rise of a viable black business community-this chapter explores the links between business development and the formation of black womanhood during the early twentieth century. This period, marked by racial violence and disenfranchisement, gave birth to an ideology of racial uplift that had among its victories the "Golden Age of Black Business," an era of unprecedented growth of black business enterprises and the celebration of entrepreneurship as a promising venue for middle-class black men to rise above the economic ravages of segregation. This golden age was marked not only by the expansion of the black business community but also by a connection between entrepreneurship and racial uplift that marginalized black women. Ironically, black businesswomen, particularly those in the beauty industry, not only created and sustained a viable industry based on the female centered venture of beauty culture but also exploited the connections made in this period between business and identity to legitimate themselves and their industry.
While the early twentieth century witnessed an intensification of rhetoric and action that sought to bolster black men's business acumen, African American women's engagement in business enterprises dates back to their enslavement. During the colonial and antebellum periods, black women's business activities primarily involved retail and vending enterprises that usually did not garner much by way of profit but allowed black women to control independent enterprises in gender-specific occupations. Black slave and free women often operated in food production, sold goods in open-air markets, worked in dressmaking, and in urban areas hired themselves out as domestic servants and laundresses. While slave and free women appear in the historical record in the colonial and antebellum marketplace engaging in trade and commerce, both legal and extralegal restrictions were used to limit such economic activities. Ordinances in Charleston, South Carolina, for example, restricted blacks from buying, selling, or trading goods without a special ticket or pass. Similarly, in New Orleans, slaves were required to wear special badges and limits were placed on the amount of money they were allowed to earn in any one day. Black women in the marketplaces were often singled out in cities like Charleston and publicly vilified as loose and disorderly in an attempt to delegitimatize their activities. Still, despite legal and social restrictions placed against their participation, black women actively pursued opportunities to have some semblance of economic autonomy through entrepreneurial enterprises.
Ironically, while black women in the colonial and antebellum eras were actively involved in many business ventures, they were slow to get involved in the hair-care industry, an enterprise they would come to dominate in the twentieth century. In the colonial era, white English barbers, wigmakers, and hairdressers cornered the market until after the Seven Years' War, when the enterprise was opened up to the French, who quickly earned the status of being masterful in the hair business. Few blacks participated in this industry at the time, but one Pierre Toussaint, a slave brought to New York from Santo Domingo in 1787, became so successful that he was described as the "most fashionable coiffeur in the city." Toussaint used the money he earned primping New York City's elite families to purchase his freedom and the freedom of other slaves. He eventually became one of the first African American philanthropists, giving much of his money to the then-segregated Catholic Church. Others followed in Toussaint's footsteps and from the late eighteenth century until the 1820s, free black men, primarily from the French West Indies, served wealthy white men and women as wigmakers and hairdressers. However, by the 1820s, as a discourse surrounding black men as sexual predators began to emerge, black men were no longer desirable as hairdressers for white women, particularly in the South.
Just as free black men were being pushed away from dressing white women's hair in the antebellum era, many found an alternative niche in the hair-care industry as barbers. Beginning in the 1820s, they owned and operated elite barbershops for a white clientele. These astute businessmen built upon the role of blacks as personal servants to market their services. The wealth these men accumulated in northern and southern cities allowed them to purchase their family and friends out of slavery as well as make contributions to black churches and other institutions.
In the antebellum period, black women began to enter the hairdressing profession in larger numbers. While slave women had been responsible for caring for white people's personal needs (including hair care) from the beginning of the institution of slavery, the antebellum period saw the emergence of successful black female hairdressers, women who turned hairdressing from a servant's obligation to a business enterprise. Free black women in the North, like their barbering counterparts, served a wealthy white clientele exclusively. For example, the Remond sisters, Celia Remond Babcock, Maritcha Remond, and Caroline Remond Putnam, established not only the largest hairdressing business in Boston, the Ladies Hair Work Salon, but also a wig factory and mail-order hair tonic distribution center. Eliza Potter's autobiography, A Hairdresser's Experience in the High Life, describes her activities as a black beautician in service to whites, primarily in Cincinnati, as well as her travels abroad. Published in the 1850s, Potter's work is a departure from the more overtly abolitionist tomes written by her contemporaries and is less an autobiography than a critique of the frivolous lifestyles of her elite white clientele. Still, Potter's recounting of economic and social autonomy demonstrates that even in the antebellum era, hairdressing was a lucrative profession. Black women in the South were also able to earn successful livings as hairdressers. In fact, in her autobiography, Potter describes traveling to New Orleans to train slave women as hairdressers. Marie Laveau, daughter of the famed voodoo queen of the same name (and a voodoo queen in her own right), worked as a hairdresser in New Orleans after the mysterious death of her husband in 1820. Known to be so effective at earning the trust of her wealthy white clients, according to her biographer, Laveau had a virtual monopoly on the profession with the exception of some competition from local slave women.
The end of the brutalizing institution of slavery changed not only the legal designation of African Americans but also their relationship to the economy. Newly freed blacks understood that the power to control their economic destiny was an important way to express their freedom. While blacks primarily sought fair and equitable pay for their labor, many continued to expand the parameters of the business infrastructure they built during the antebellum era. While much has been written about politics in the years following emancipation, economic independence, thrift, and free enterprise were also a large part of the new radical republican ideal. The creation of the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company (more commonly known as the Freedmen's Bank) in March 1865 was, in many ways, the culmination of this economic aspect of freedom. Although a short-lived financial institution that failed during the economic depression of 1873, the bank spurred similar ventures by freedpeople in Virginia, Washington, D.C., Alabama, and North Carolina. These early financial institutions encouraged blacks to start their own businesses and to patronize black merchants.
By the end of the Reconstruction period, black Americans were facing unprecedented changes in their lives. The rise of Jim Crow segregation and the concomitant challenges of racial violence and political disenfranchisement, along with the influx of large immigrant populations into U.S. cities, the quest for empire, industrial growth, and other modern developments, brought about new dilemmas that called for new tactics. Increased violence and hostility toward African Americans led the black community to look internally to create and sustain politically and economically independent families and communities, leading to an expanded role for black women who politicized their roles as mothers and educators and a heightened importance given to a nationalistic economic agenda. In fact, viewed in light of the new ways that politics was defined by blacks, particularly those of the elite and aspiring classes in the age of racial uplift, building up economically viable businesses supported and sustained by black communities constituted a bulwark against black political disenfranchisement. Business and economic empowerment was viewed by black leaders of the day to be one of the more effective challenges to white supremacy and the ravages of second-class citizenship.
In an August 1900 speech, pioneering African American attorney D. Augustus Straker argued that the failures of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow had produced a "crisis of manhood and womanhood development" that could only be remedied by blacks having a "wider engagement in commercial and industrious business and less to do with politics." Black elites united around an ideology of racial uplift to address the crisis Straker outlines but publicly and privately clamored over how to best put the tenets of "self-help, racial solidarity, temperance, thrift, chastity, social purity, patriarchal authority, and the accumulation of wealth" into practice. Nowhere are these battles better articulated than in a discussion of women's roles in the early years of the black business movement. The participation of black women in Du Bois's "Negro in Business Conference" and the early years of the NNBL illuminate the complexities surrounding the gendered rhetoric of economics and entrepreneurship within the racial uplift ethos. While black women at this time were active in uplift politics and often vociferous in their critique of black men's ability to lead the race, their comments and interventions at the initial conventions and gatherings of the black business movement supported entrepreneurship primarily as a masculine ideal.
Du Bois's 1899 Atlanta University conference included women's voices, albeit in a limited way. Three women spoke at the General Mother's Meeting, with the theme "What shall our children do for a living?" while two other women, Rosa Bass of Atlanta, who "spoke of the wisdom of colored grocers and hucksters," and Hattie G. Escridge, who submitted a paper titled "The Need of Negro Merchants," addressed the entire conference. All the women discussed the need for the black man to "help the race as well as himself" by owning a business enterprise, however, none of them discussed the role of women in the black business community. Instead, they focused on the roles of women as consumers and nurturers of the next generation of young male entrepreneurs. In fact, of all the conference papers collected in Du Bois's study, only one directly addressed the role of women in the black business community. In his discussion of the "Negro Business Men of Columbia, S.C.," H. E. Lindsay observed that with the exception of Matilda Evans, a local physician, the "women of our race ... are standing aside and allowing the men to monopolize all the professions." This was a surprising statement since black women were boldly at the forefront of so many other contemporary racial uplift activities.
Among the resolutions adopted by the Atlanta University conference was a call for blacks to create an economic infrastructure through an "organization in every town and hamlet where colored people dwell ... [of] Negro Business Men's Leagues." Ironically, just one year later, it was Booker T. Washington and not Du Bois who brought this dream to fruition when he formed the National Negro Business League.
Excerpted from Beauty Shop Politics by TIFFANY M. GILL Copyright © 2010 by Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Excerpted by permission.
Introduction: Finding Politics in Unexpected Places: The Matrix of Beauty, Business, and Activism 1
1 Beauty Pioneers: Racial Uplift and Gender in the Creation of a Black Business Community 7
2 "Link Up with Us": Black Beauty Culture, Racial Politics, and the Complexities of Modern Black Womanhood 32
3 "This Industry Is not Typical, but Exceptional": Redefining Entrepreneurship and Activism in the 1930s and 1940s 61
4 "We Could Turn the Whole World Over": The International Presence of African American Beauticians in the Postwar Era 82
5 "Black Beauticians Were Very Important": Southern Beauty Activists and the Modern Black Freedom Struggle 98
6 "Among the Things that Used to Be": Beauticians, Health Activism, and the Politics of Dignity in the Post-Civil Rights Era 121
"Gill has made a major contribution to our understanding that the beauty industry has been central to African American women's search for economic sufficiency and the struggle for all African Americans' political rights."--American Studies
"A welcome relocation of the discussion of black women's beauty culture."--Women's Review of Books
"Gill's book is important. . . . Beauty Shop Politics ... allows a glimpse into black women's relationships with each other, relationships that are simultaneously professional and intimate, in which black women are both producers and consumers, as well as active creators, on both sides, of spaces that are uniquely their own."--The Journal of Southern History
"A meticulously researched, well-written, and cogently argued book that contributes to scholarship that complicates historiographical boundaries between business history, labor history, history of consumer culture, women's history, and the history of African American political activism."--The Journal of American History
"[Gill] impressively demonstrates how beauticians became an important part of the black economic urban infrastructure. . . . Highly recommended. "--Choice
"The scope of the material and interdisciplinary scholarship evident throughout the book makes Beauty Shop Politics a comprehensive addition to the bookshelves of women's studies, African-American studies, and entrepreneurial studies, as well as to history, business, and political-science departments. It is a truly interdisciplinary endeavor."--The Chronicle of Higher Education
"A tremendous contribution to African-American history. Beauty Shop Politics demonstrates the central role of black women in the history of black business and shows how black businesswomen challenged the dictates of black male leaders in the worlds of black business and civil rights."--Lynn Hudson, author of The Making of "Mammy Pleasant": A Black Entrepreneur in Nineteenth-Century San Francisco


Does It Anger You The Wealthiest 1% of America Pays A Much Lower Tax Rate Than The Rest Of Us? Hedge fund managers making $100 million a year, as many do, pay a 15% income tax on their yearly earnings while the rest of us pay much higher tax rates. We Have Gross Tax Inequality in America.
Over the past 30 years, the income of the top 1% of our nation has exploded while salaries and income for the rest of us, the other 99%, have remained stagnant or declined. We Have Gross Income Inequality in America.
There Has Been A Huge Transfer Of Wealth Away From The Middle Class To The Super Wealthy. This allows people like the Koch brothers to buy legislators and pass more laws that are favorable to them.
We Have Gross Economic Inequality in America. Where There Is Gross Economic Inequality There Is No Justice.
In 2004 Assistant FBI Director Chris Swecker warned of EPIDEMIC mortgage fraud in our country but he was denied funds to investigate and prosecute it. To date, NONE of the people who are responsible for the destruction of our economy, and who profited from its destruction, have been prosecuted. The FBI prefers to focus on marijuana cases rather than mortgage fraud.
The United States is the ONLY major industrialized country in the world without universal healthcare. Our Healthcare System Is Almost Twice As Expensive As Other Major Countries And Ranks Worse Than 40th In The World In Terms of Quality.
Why? Our healthcare system is run by for-profit corporations for the benefit of their shareholders and not for the good of our citizens.
Our Country Is Run By Corporations For Their Benefit. The media, which is supported by large corporate advertisers, does not tell us the truth for fear of losing advertising revenue.
Did you know our country is borrowing over 40% of our budget? This is largely to pay for foreign wars. People Who Profit From Wars, Promote Wars.
The same people want to cut Social Security and Medicare benefits to pay for our bloated defense budget. Social Security and Medicare did NOT cause our huge budget deficits or our big increases in debt. Expensive foreign wars caused our financial problems.
Protect Social Security Solvency. Eliminate The $106,000 Cap On Social Security Taxes So High Earners Pay Their Fair Share.
Tax law changes dating back to the 1980's encouraged American companies to move jobs overseas. We need to change those laws immediately and Bring High Quality Jobs Back To America.
Occupy Wall Street has been criticized for not stating their demands. The truth is, the list is so long that it boggles the mind! We must focus on energizing and educating America about what is happening. We need to get the movement going because there is so much that must be done.
Not just for corporations and the super wealthy. We hear, But they have all the money and the power.
We Have The Votes And The 99% Is Too Big To Fail! Get interested and informed about what is really happening to America and join us.


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Sabato Crystal Ball early 2019 electoral college numbers….
February 28, 2019 By jamesb
Toss-Up……
Even with the 2018 Midterms and Donald Trump's 40% or so approval numbers…..
— Our initial Electoral College ratings reflect a 2020 presidential election that starts as a Toss-up.
— We start with 248 electoral votes at least leaning Republican, 244 at least leaning Democratic, and 46 votes in the Toss-up category.
— The omissions from the initial Toss-up category that readers may find most surprising are Florida and Michigan.
— Much of the electoral map is easy to allocate far in advance: About 70% of the total electoral votes come from states and districts that have voted for the same party in at least the last five presidential elections….
We close with the final 46 electoral votes, the Toss-ups. They come from four states — Arizona, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin — as well as one congressional district, Nebraska's Second, which is based in Omaha. Clinton carried New Hampshire by less than half a point in 2016; Trump won the rest, by less than a point in the case of Pennsylvania and Wisconsin and by 3.5 points in Arizona. If it seems like we're splitting hairs by rating Michigan as Leans Democratic and Pennsylvania and Wisconsin as Toss-ups, we have to admit that we are. But Trump's margin in the latter two were a tiny bit bigger than his margin in Michigan, and we think the Democrats' path to victory in Michigan is more solvable based just on slightly better turnout, whereas the Democrats may have a little more persuasion work to do in the other two former "Blue Wall" states. Also, Democrats have generally done a little bit better in Michigan than in the other two over the past couple of decades.
Arizona, to us, is the best target for Democrats among the usually Republican Sun Belt states that have been becoming more competitive (a group that also includes Georgia, North Carolina, and Texas). Arizona's voting is dominated by Phoenix's Maricopa County, one of the nation's only very populous counties that is gettable for a Republican presidential candidate. But the trendlines for Republicans in such counties are generally poor, a factor that can't be discounted in a country where local political eccentricities are increasingly being overtaken by one-size-fits-all trends.
Indeed, these national patterns, and how they manifest themselves at the local level, will help determine this election. Larger anti-Trump trends in the big cities and suburbs could be canceled out by even bigger Trump landslides in the vast rural and small-city swathes that cover much of the most competitive states. Voting within these states is becoming more polarized on urban vs. rural grounds, but the sum total of those changes add up to an Electoral College battleground that can tilt either way.
Readers who want to game out the Electoral College can use the great interactive tools at 270ToWin.com or Taegan Goddard's Electoral Vote Map…..
It's the electoral college that chooses an American President….
NOT the popular vote….
It's WERE the votes come from ….
NOT how many…..
Filed Under: Government, Politics, Polling Tagged With: 2020 Presidential Electoral college numbers early 2019, Politics, Projections/forecasts/guesses, Sabato Crystal Ball
Pelosi IS holding up on sending the Trump impeachment charge to the Senate….

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It's a natural human reaction to put off making your Will, but without a Will you will leave your Estate in turmoil in the event of your death. Frog Wealth Management understand this issue and so have applied the same simplicity to making a Will, that is a feature of all our services.
A Will ensures your wishes are carried out in the event of your death, that your assets go to the people you want them to go to, and can even make sure your dependent children, if you have any, are taken care of by people you know and trust.
Without a Will, families find that Courts can make decisions on behalf of the deceased, final wishes often don't get carried out and assets end up in the wrong hands, or worst still, are appropriated by the state.
In the case of families with young children, where people are less likely to think they need a Will, it's actually more imperative that a Will is in place: should the worst happen and children are left without both parents, the Courts will decide on Guardianship.
Your Will should protect your assets and can state clearly your choice of Guardian for dependent children.
If you die without a Will, your spouse or civil partner won't automatically inherit ALL your Estate. Worse still "Common Law" partners may not receive anything and, at the very best, there are likely to be lengthy delays for your loved ones, at a time of significant uncertainty.
Without a valid Will, an unmarried partner receives nothing from a relationship, should one die.
It's very common that people think they don't have the time to make a Will, or that they will have lots more time in the future. People also believe that they don't have enough assets to make a Will worthwhile. Or that it's too difficult to arrange a convenient time for everyone involved to meet at the solicitor's office during working hours.
We make putting a Will in place quick and easy, because we ask the right questions, research your options and present the best, most cost-effective solution.
You can be confident in the advice provided by our experienced advisers with years of experience of helping businesses, individuals and their families to address these issues.
We charge a fixed fee for making a Will. We can also undertake to store your Will, so that it can be easily located when needed.
A. The vast majority of people put off making a Will for a variety of reasons, either believing that the people they would wish to inherit will automatically do so, or because they don't think it is relevant to them at this particular time.
The reality is that you can put off making a Will until it is too late and this poses all sorts of problems for the people left behind and could mean that some or all your inheritance either goes to the wrong person or to the State.
Firstly, and most importantly is the peace of mind making a Will provides.
Making a Will enables you to plan exactly what will happen to your property (Estate) following your demise. This ensures that those you would like to benefit actually do so, in accordance with your wishes and at the same time, avoiding any possible disputes between relatives.
For a small investment of time and money, you can choose exactly what you want in your Will, protecting your loved ones, whilst enjoying peace of mind.
Q. Who needs to make a Will?
A. The answer is Everyone. In particular, anyone with dependant relatives, (children under the age of 18, elderly relatives or relatives with a disability who have special needs), anyone who owns property or has any type of asset which you would wish relatives, friends or charities to benefit from.
Q. But won't everything go to my husband/wife/civil partner/parents/children, etc, automatically?
A. This is a common misconception and depending on the size of your Estate, there are set rules (Rules of Intestacy) that are applied, to determine who inherits and how much, if you do not make a Will.
Q. So, what happens if I don't make a Will?
A. This is called dying Intestate. There are specific rules of intestacy that set out who will inherit and by how much, if you do not leave a valid Will, this may not be what you would have wished and in the worst-case scenarios, where relatives cannot be traced, your assets will be taken by the Crown.
The amount your spouse/civil partner inherits depends on the value of your Estate and which of your blood relatives survive you. Assets held in joint names usually pass automatically to the other joint owner(s) and do not form part of your Estate (if you are unsure about the type of joint ownership you share with another, you should consider seeking legal advice).
It is possible for Beneficiary(s) of an Intestate Estate to enter into a Deed of Variation, for more information on Deed of Variation please call us.
You are living together but are not legally married or in a civil partnership but wish your partner to inherit some or all your Estate.
You are legally married or in a civil partnership and have children and you wish your spouse/civil partner to inherit all your Estate.
You have no living relatives and wish to leave your Estate to your friends or to a charity.
You are legally married or in a civil partnership but have no children.
You are legally married or in a civil partnership and don't wish your spouse/civil partner to inherit anything.
You are legally married or in a civil partnership and have children from a previous relationship and you wish to ensure that your children receive something from your Estate.
You have dependant relatives e.g. Children under the age of 18, elderly relatives or relatives with a disability who have special needs and you want to make sure that they are looked after and provided for. (If you make a Will you can appoint Guardians to look after your children and set up Trust in your Will to provide for dependants.
If your Estate is large, you may be liable for IHT, therefore you may wish to make arrangements for tax planning.
An Executor is the person responsible with administering a deceased person's Estate in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. You can appoint an Executor by naming them in your Will. The Courts can also appoint other people to be responsible for doing this job.
What happens if the person who dies, leaves a valid Will?
In this case one or more 'Executors' may be named in a Will to deal with the person's affairs after their death. Any number of Executors can be appointed, but only four can apply for the Grant.
The Executor applies for a 'Grant of Probate' from a section of the Court, known as the Probate Registry. The Grant is a legal document which confirms the Executor has the authority to deal with the deceased person's assets (property, money and possessions). They can use it to show they have the right to access funds, sort out finances, and collect and share out the deceased person's assets, as set out in the Will.
What happens if the person who dies, doesn't leave a valid Will?
If there is no Will, a close relative of the deceased can apply to the Probate Registry to deal with the Estate. In this case, they apply for a 'Grant of Letters of Administration'. If the Grant is given, they are known as 'Administrators' of the Estate. Like the Grant of Probate, the Grant of Letters of Administration, is a legal document that confirms the Administrator's authority to deal with the deceased person's assets.
As a last resort, the Public Trustee (an independent public body appointed by the Lord Chancellor), can act as an Executor. It may be appropriate to appoint the Public Trustee as Executor if there is no one else able or willing to act as Executor, or where a Beneficiary is an incapacitated adult, or dependent child, likely to outlive both parents and other close relatives.
It's worth having more than one Executor in case one should die before you. It may also be easier for the Executors, if there is more than one person to share the work and the responsibility. The Executors may have to deal with any day-to-day administration of your Estate in the period before it can be distributed. Executors can claim from the Estate for expenses incurred in carrying out their duties.
If the Estate is large or complicated, there may be advantages in appointing a Professional Executor such as a solicitor, Accountant or Bank Manager. A Professional Executor will charge for the work that they do and these costs should be met from your Estate. Ask for details of the likely costs before appointing the Executor, to check that you are comfortable with them. Frog Wealth Management can recommend Professional Executors, should you wish to consider this.
Executors like Trustees, are in a fiduciary relationship, so they cannot make a profit out of their office. They may only claim out of pocket expenses. Therefore, a charging clause must be included, authorising them to charge for all work done by the Executors or their firm in administering the Estate.
There is no legal objection to a Beneficiary being appointed as an Executor, where he or she is the sole Beneficiary, or where the Estate is small or uncomplicated.
Obtain a copy of the medical certificate indicating cause of death and a formal notice from the Doctor if the family members to not wish to do so.
Register the death at the local Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, if there are no family members wishing to do so. The death must be registered to obtain the Death Certificate. N.B. It is advisable to get more than one copy, as it will be needed when dealing with Insurance companies, pension providers, etc.
Could be responsible for making sure any last wishes, such as organ or body donations are carried out. The job might also include planning for the funeral or cremation and arranging for payments for the services provided.
Locate all the heirs. This might seem like an easy task and if there are just a couple of children and they are the only ones named in the Will, it is easy. If there are numerous heirs and they are named in the Will, either collectively or individually, the Executor must locate each and every one.
Make and exhaustive list of all the assets of the Estate, from personal to real property, to bank accounts, investments, etc, and all debts including credit cards, utility bills, loans, etc.
It is advisable to open a separate account into which money paid into the Estate can be credited. This will prevent Estate monies being confused with personal finances.
Notify all businesses of the death e.g. utility companies, credit card companies, banks, council tax offices, social security, etc.
If there are minor or dependent children, the Executor could be responsible for arranging for their care and placement. The deceased might have stated their wishes in the Will, but if not, the Courts might need to be involved in the placement. If there are pets, the Executor will need to care for them and plan for their continued care.
You must declare the value of the Estate to HMRC on an IHT return, within 12 months of death.
Payments of the deceased's tax is your personal responsibility. Failure to submit an accurate account to HMRC may leave you open to personal liability or penalty.
Distribute the contents of the Will, making sure that if anything is to be left to minors, a Trustee has been named.
After you have completed all your tasks, you will need to produce a full set of accounts for the Beneficiaries, showing the Estate assets and liabilities, administration income and expenses and how the Estate has been distributed.
Frog Wealth Management can deal with the administration of the Estate for the later circulation to the Beneficiaries if you so desire.
In addition, we have a clear professional duty of care to explain clearly in advance, the basis of our charges, so you know what to expect.
If you are considering asking someone to serve as the Executor of your Estate, be sure they understand the duties and responsibilities of being an Executor. Being the Executor of an Estate is not really an honour, it's a difficult, time consuming job that carries some legal liability. An Executor will probably work long, hard hours for at least a year or two getting your Estate settled and they could quite possibly be a very unpopular person to your heirs.
Who should act as Guardians, friends or family?
You will need to consider who should be the Guardians of any children under the age of 18 years who may survive you. The law has certain requirements, particularly where the parents are unmarried, have divorced or separated.
The normal choice is to appoint family members, particularly where very young children are involved. As children grow, the appointment of friends may be more appropriate, as they are more likely to share your lifestyle and in these modern times, are likely to live nearer than your family.
It is usual (but not essential) that the same persons are appointed Guardians of all the Testator's minor children. When the Guardians are to act only after the death of the surviving parent, it is desirable that each parent should appoint the same persons to act as Guardian.
It is, of course, important that the Testator should obtain the consent of the proposed Guardian, before making the appointment.
Although each parent can appoint different Guardians, it is worth remembering that both will legally act in the event of your death, so depending on who you have chosen, will influence your children's future.
You can also appoint different Guardians for different children, but this may mean splitting them up. Guardians must ensure adequate contact between the children is maintained, but you may not be happy having your children divided in any way.
Unmarried fathers who don't have parental responsibility cannot name Guardians, neither will they necessarily become Guardian should the mother die. If they wanted to ensure that they did, it would be necessary to enter into a written agreement to share responsibility with the mother, or apply to the Court. It is possible for unmarried fathers to become Guardians, if appointed by the mother or by marriage. Also, after 2003, if an unmarried father is named on the birth certificate, then he will automatically have Parental Responsibility and so will be able to appoint Guardians in his Will.
There is a danger where the appointment of a family is being considered, to appoint a 'committee' of all the grandparents, or brothers and sisters. This has its obvious disadvantages in that the most important issue, the wellbeing of your children, may at worse get overlooked and at best, be difficult to manage. It is best to limit the maximum number of Guardians to two and it is preferable that they share a home as partners. Thus, your children will become part of a familiar and stable environment at probably the most difficult time of their lives.
By all means appoint substitute Guardians, as this will ensure continuity if circumstances change.
Duties are essentially the same as those of a parent. They are responsible for the day-to-day upbringing of your child and would stand in your shoes in that respect. The organisation of holidays, birthday presents and all the everyday things, that we take for granted.
The terms of your Will should allow the Executors and subsequently Trustees, to do all that is necessary to assist in financial matters. The "Expression of your Wishes" in an informal letter to the Trustees, is often an easier way of ensuring that your child or children are brought up, as you would wish. However, a word of warning, do not try to enforce too rigid a routine, either in the letter or in your Will, as times change and so do your children. It would make the Guardian's job even harder, for instance, to impose the attitudes of, say ten years ago, now, would be very difficult!
The role of the Guardian is a very responsible one and should not be entered into lightly. There will be financial, social and emotional implications, taking on such a vast role and the matter should be discussed in detail between the Testator and the appointed Guardians.
You may be able to claim child benefit and receive a Guardian's Allowance in the event that both parents are deceased. Where one parent is alive and you are still called upon to act as Guardian, the situation will obviously be more complicated.
A surviving parent is unable to perform their role because they are overseas, in the army, in prison, disabled, mentally incapacitated, after the death of the first parent, or they just refuse responsibility.
A couple are separated or divorced and just one of the parents die. The Guardian will act with the surviving parent and should disputes arise, they must be settled by the Court. The surviving parent is still considered the statutory Guardian.
It is normal for the financial management to be separated from the day-to-day upbringing of children. Whilst the Guardians have the daily responsibility, it is better for financial control to be handled by someone different, normally the Trustees of your Estate. The two tasks demand different skills, that may not always be found in the same person. It also means that the Trustees, the Guardians and, when they are old enough, your children, can share what can be difficult decisions.
In your Will, where your children are underage and are to benefit from your Estate, you should nominate them as the Beneficiaries. Under no circumstances should you nominate the Guardians; as mentioned above, the money will be held in Trust, and will be controlled by the Trustees for the benefit of the children.
The appointment of testamentary Guardians for children, allows you to decide who should be responsible for your children's welfare, maintenance and education, and how these should be funded, if both your deaths occur, while any child is under 18 years of age.
Please note, the expression 'Testamentary Guardian,' merely indicates that the Guardian has been appointed by a Will.
There is no legal reason why you cannot appoint the same people as Executors, Trustees and Guardians if you wish, but you should be aware that there is a potential conflict of interest. Trustees are responsible for advancing sums of money held in Trust to the Guardians to help with Guardianship duties. However, if you have absolute trust in the people appointed, then do not allow this to concern you.
Do consider factors such as the age of your Guardians, where they live in relation to you, (would children have to move school, etc), how close is the relationship between your Guardians and your children now, and do your Guardians know and share your views on how your children should be raised and educated, etc?
You may be appointed to act jointly with Guardians. If called upon, you may already have agreed which part of the child rearing role you will undertake, or you may need to decide this at the time with the other appointed Guardians.
The surviving parent usually assumes full custody of minor children, if the parents were married. Even if the parents were divorced, the surviving parent is normally entitled to resume full custody of minor children; however, this right will not necessarily be exercised. Divorced Testators may still choose to name friends or relations as the first choice for Guardians. Unmarried fathers do not assume automatic custody rights unless a Parental Responsibility Agreement is in place.
The ultimate decision on who will act as Guardians to minor children rests with the local Social Services. Naturally, they will try to abide by the wishes expressed in a legally valid Will, whenever possible.
Guardians may also be appointed as Executors and Trustees in the same Will. It is useful if at least one Guardian is also appointed to be an Executor and Trustee, so that funds can be advanced most conveniently when required.
Guardians require the maximum flexibility for living arrangements and the use of funds. All normal requirements can be catered for with a comprehensive selection of Trustee Powers, which should be included in a professionally drafted Will. Whatever is informally agreed with the parents at the time of the appointment, Guardians should not commit themselves to specific arrangements, which they may not be able to fulfil in the future.


Posted in Weekly Newsletter on June 11, 2015 by wicfg.
First of all, tenure isn't being "lost" to University of Wisconsin faculty. Second, we're reliably informed that Wisconsin is the only state that specifically guarantees tenure in statute law, yet we don't see faculties in other states depopulating as professors flee to take refuge in Wisconsin, lest their profound ideas be subject to political repression.
In fact, that's acknowledged, eleven paragraphs into the story, so are Wisconsin faculty, who seem sure to retain an extraordinary level of protection, going to be seduced into leaving for other states that offer less?
No doubt hoping to paint a picture of Republican recklessness, the State Journal reporters linked above instead illuminate the unreality and lack of proportion that pervades academia, by referring to "the gravity of the [tenure] situation" and suggesting that it may be "of perhaps even more consequence" than a $250 million reduction in taxpayer support for the UW system.
What we're left with is a nice illustration of academic bureaucracy leaping into action when it really counts, i.e., when it's time to step up on behalf of inertia. Governor Walker's initial budget set out to give the university system more autonomy in exchange for fewer tax dollars. To some, that sounds like freedom to do one's job. To others, it stirs dread of having to make decisions and live with them.
It could be hoped that higher education would prepare people to enjoy precisely that: the freedom to take responsibility for their own decisions. Keep hoping.
Often as not the headline "New research shows" is a tipoff that an interest group has paid somebody to produce the findings it wanted, and a lazy or agenda-driven reporter or editor is perfectly happy to help dress it up as scientific inquiry from some think tank.
Dwindling numbers of people fall for this game, so when defenders of Wisconsin's prevailing wage laws play it anyway, it's obvious they know they're losing their battle in the Legislature—after expending much effort insisting there's really no battle at all.
Last week the pro-prevailing wage forces trotted out "New Research" showing prevailing wage, already known to cost Wisconsin taxpayers a needless $200-300 million annually, is really an economic bonanza we can't afford to lose. We thought it might be interesting to check the researchers' pedigree. Guess what we found.
Shazam! Smart Cities Prevail had about $700,000 in revenues last year, all from "contributions and grants." Its president is Bill Feyling. We looked him up. Turns out he's a union guy, Executive Director of the Carpenters 46 Northern California Counties Conference Board.
Oh, and did we mention that we found some of Mr. Feyling's union memos to contractors about work rules and wages? They all came from an address in Oakland. It's the same Oakland address given by Smart Cities Prevail in its IRS filings.
It's not a think tank. It's a union.
Sherlock Holmes fans will remember "The dog that didn't bark," giving the great detective his dis-positive clue that the crime under investigation was committed by the dog's owner.
That was 19th century fiction, and entertaining; 21st century truth is downright chilling, where the disgraceful silence of non-barking First Amendment watchdogs is concerned.
The week before last a United States Senator seriously proposed, in the pages of The Washington Post, that people who question the theory of catastrophic, human-induced global warming should be prosecuted for felonies under the RICO (Racketeer-Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) Act.
Set aside the fact that Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) is a daily and often mindlessly embarrassing nag on the subject. His idea should have set off the supposed First Amendment guardians on the Post's editorial board like a box of Roman candles. Their actual response: Zip. Zero. Nada.
Of course one Sheldon Whitehouse plus one leashed and muzzled editorial board equals somewhat less than the sum of their parts, but this is no freakish occurrence. With growing impunity, the Left speaks of making it a crime to say things the Left doesn't like. We've written more than once about Hillary Clinton's expressed intent to appoint Supreme Court justices who would rule against criticism of the political class. And so long as the wannabe totalitarians are on the Left, the media—the First Amendment's most conspicuous beneficiaries—maintain silence.
Some of us have said for decades that Liberals wouldn't hesitate for a moment to jail conservatives just for the ideas they hold, assuming a deranged culture in which it seemed politically possible. It appears that even among America's media elites, civic literacy is in such an advanced state of decomposition that the Left now dares to believe its dream is coming true.


text:
Q: jQuery - Only first element of the array is taken i have searched of this issue on the internet but i dont find anything similar.
i have an array in php. i passed this array to javascript function to check and disable checkboxes if their values are the same to the ones in the array. however, the function seems to only take the first element of the array to disable only one checkbox.
for example i have 3 elements A11,A10,A9 in my php array. when i passed this array to the js function, it made only the checkbox A11 checked and disabled. Why is that?
below is the code for the array i have in php:
$query = "SELECT reserved FROM et_seats WHERE event_id = '$theatre->id'";
$reserved = mysqli_query($conn,$query) or die(mysqli_error($conn));
$array = array();

while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($reserved)){
    array_push($array, $row[0]);
}

and below is the function in javascript that i have:

why does the function only take the first element in the array? where did i do wrong? i suspect it's the line where i change the php array to javascript. i have also tried var reserved = <?php echo json_encode($array); ?>; but it still doesn't work
here is a snippet of my html checkboxes. they are actually for a seat plan

 <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A3">

 <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A2">

 <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A1">

A: Since you are using jquery use forEach. like below. hope this helps. what I can see is getElementsByClassName returns a HTMLCollection and for some browsers index won't work like seats[i] this for HTMLCollections.

A: Update
The actual problem was that the values in the table had leading spaces on them. Changing
array_push($array, $row[0]);

to
array_push($array, trim($row[0]));

solved the problem.
Original Answer
Other than the <= seats.length which should be < seats.length, your code works fine as long as reserved is getting a valid array value. I would however use indexOf rather than map on reserved to find if the seats[i].value is in the array.

$(function() {
  var reserved = ["A1","A6","A4"];
  var seats = document.getElementsByClassName('seats');
  for (i = 0; i < seats.length; i++) {
    var seat = seats[i];
    if (reserved.indexOf(seat.value) >= 0) {
        seat.setAttribute("disabled", "true");
        seat.setAttribute("checked", "true");
    }
  }
});

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A6">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A5">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A4">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A3">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A2">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A1">

Note that since you are using jQuery you may as well use the .each function to simplify the code:

$(function() {
  var reserved = ["A1","A6","A4"];
  $('.seats').each(function () {
    if (reserved.indexOf($(this).val()) >= 0) {
        $(this).attr("disabled", "true");
        $(this).attr("checked", "true");
    }
  });
});

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A6">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A5">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A4">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A3">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A2">

  <input type="checkbox" class="seats" name="selected[]" value="A1">

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Jenny Marie Beatrice Addamsová (* 15. února 1909 – datum úmrtí neznámé) byla belgická sportovní šermířka, která se specializovala na šerm fleretem. Belgii reprezentovala ve dvacátých, třicátých a čtyřicátých letech. Na olympijských hrách startovala v roce 1928, 1932, 1936 a 1948 v soutěži jednotlivkyň. Na olympijských hrách 1932 skončila v soutěži jednotlivkyň na čtvrtém místě. V roce 1938 obsadila třetí místo na mistrovství světa v soutěži jednotlivkyň.

Reference

Externí odkazy

Belgičtí fleretisté
Belgičtí olympionici
Narození v roce 1909
Narození 15. února
Ženy
Osoby s nejistým datem úmrtí
Narození v Bruselu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The historic Molson Brewery in the Oliver area, just blocks away from Ice District, closed its doors for good in August 2007, following an ongoing worker's strike. It was the end of an era of Edmonton's long brewing history, dating back even before the Molson building went up in 1913.
Former Strathcona Mayor William Henry Sheppard, also a local businessman and hotelier, bought the land in Groat Estates that would eventually house the Molson Brewery. It was designed to model castles from Sheppard's homeland Germany, and cost $250,000 to build. It was sold off to Lethbridge's Fritz Sick in 1927, and was then acquired by Molson in '58.
The old Molson building is a signature of the Oliver neighbourhood.
A few years later, in 1961, they added a decorative building in the design of a fur trade fort and called it the Molson House, used as a hospitality lounge to entertain customers (as well as the place Peter Pocklington used to announce he had traded Wayne Gretzky). That section was later dismantled and reassembled just outside of the city after it was purchased by an anonymous Edmonton family.
Since then, we haven't heard much else about the downtown(ish) landmark, up until the beginning of 2013, when the City announced plans for redevelopment of the area and repurposing of the Molson building. It would be called the Edmonton Brewery District, 45,000 square meters of upscale retail and entertainment that will incorporate Molson's local brewing legacy.


text:
The Birmingham Southern Railroad  was a short-line railroad in the Birmingham, Alabama, area. It ceased operating in 2012 when its assets were acquired by Watco's Birmingham Terminal Railway.

History
The Birmingham Southern Railroad Company was founded on March 3, 1899. The line was originally built between 1878 from Birmingham to Pratt City to haul coal to the steel mills in Birmingham. The line was extended to Ensley in 1887.

The Louisville & Nashville Railroad and the Southern Railway jointly purchased and operated the Birmingham Southern shortly after the Birmingham Southern's organization. The Birmingham Southern was later sold to the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company, which in 1906 became a part of the United States Steel Corporation and remained a U.S.S. Corp. subsidiary until 1988. The railroad expanded its lines in the western industrial section of Jefferson County by 1910. In 1966, the Birmingham Southern acquired the  Federal Barge Lines (also known as the Barge Line Railroad) that ran from Ensley to Port Birmingham, giving the Birmingham Southern access to Mobile, Alabama, via the barge lines of the Warrior River. The Barge Line Railroad track was formerly owned by the Southern Railway.

In 1988 the Birmingham Southern was sold to Transtar, the transportation subsidiary of United States Steel. In 1989, United States Steel sold Transtar and Transtar became a privately held company specializing in the operation of short line railroads and barge lines that primarily serve United States Steel and its successors.

On May 17, 2007, Birmingham Southern Railroad was awarded a Gold E. H. Harriman Award in the S&T Group for the railroad's 2006 safety record.

On December 2, 2011, Watco announced plans to purchase the Birmingham Southern. The railroad was subsequently renamed Birmingham Terminal Railway; operations under the new name began on February 1, 2012.

Surviving Locomotives
Birmingham Southern No. 82, an ALCO HH900, is on static display at the Heart of Dixie Railroad Museum in Calera, Alabama.

See also
Birmingham District

References

External links
ALCO HH900 No. 82
Birmingham Southern Railroad
Transtar
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation:

1899 establishments in Alabama
American companies established in 1899
Defunct Alabama railroads
Historic American Engineering Record in Alabama
Railway companies established in 1899
Railway companies disestablished in 2012
Switching and terminal railroads
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company


text:
Virtual reality study could help teach self-driving cars ethics
By Luke Dormehl July 11, 2017
Katarzyna Białasiewicz/123RF
If you ever worry that technology isn't moving fast enough, imagine telling someone 25 years ago that a project involving the use of virtual reality to train self-driving cars to behave ethically would one day be a real thing. That is exactly what a team of German researchers has been working on in a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience. And it is actually a whole lot more serious than you might initially think.
The idea, essentially, is to explore the kinds of challenging moral questions that self-driving cars will at some point have to make — for example, whether it is better to risk the lives of everyone in a packed car by steering off the road at high speed than to hit a child who has run out into the road.
"Our paper outlines a two-step process comprised of an assessment of human moral behavior and subsequent modeling of the observations made," Leon René Sütfeld, a Ph.D. candidate in cognitive science at Osnabrück University and lead author of the study, told Digital Trends. "We developed a virtual reality environment depicting a road traffic scenario, in order to assess the moral behavior in the same context as a model of it may be applied. After running the experiment [on 105 human participants with Oculus headsets], we trained three different computer models of different complexities to see how well each of them would describe the observations. The main finding is that one-dimensional value-of-life models are able to describe or predict human behavior in these situations with good accuracy."
The paper is interesting on its own merits to help unpack some of the decisions we make under stress regarding a sort of hierarchy of life value. Roughly speaking, this equates to children at the top, followed by adults, followed by animals.
However, it is interesting because it hints at some very real work that will be part of vehicle makers' immediate future — if it's not already part of what they do.
"Whether or not something like this is missing in current self-driving vehicles is a little tricky to answer," Sütfeld said. "First off, we don't know what systems exactly are used in those cars, and how they function in detail. Second, with the low number of self-driving vehicles today, situations like the ones outlined earlier are extremely rare. However, with increasing market saturation, these cases become more and more probable, and that's when such ethical decision-making systems become more and more important."
Sütfeld notes that these are still early days for the project, and really serves as a baseline for future studies — rather than in any way a definitive solution to the problem. (If such a thing can ever exist.) Still, it's fascinating to see how much a part of AI the subject of ethics is becoming.
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text:
ERHC Energy's Interim CEO Issues Update
Nicolae Luca, interim CEO of ERHC Energy Inc. issued an update after the market closed on Monday, September 11, 2006. He said the company continues to develop relationships with its consortium partners in the Joint Development Zone Blocks, Addax Petroleum and Sinopec Corp. In September 2006, ERHC representatives will participate in meetings of the Operating Committee and the Technical Committee for each of the Blocks. He said the company remains positive about the progress being made.
Houston, TX (PRWEB) September 12, 2006
The following update from Nicolae Luca, interim CEO of ERHC Energy Inc. (OTCBB: ERHE), was issued after the market closed on Monday, September 11, 2006.
"I want to take this opportunity to update the ERHC Energy family on the company's activities over the past month. We appreciate the encouragement that the interim management has received from shareholders during the past month. Several of you have called in to express support and to offer useful suggestions on the management of your company. We are much obliged.
"We've had a number of shareholders ask about the timeline for appointing a new chief executive officer. We understand the desire among shareholders to get new leadership in place and want to assure you that we share that desire.
"ERHC Energy is a unique company and we are looking for individuals with an entrepreneurial spirit, international mindset, negotiating skills and the ability to manage complex relationships. We have been encouraged by the quality of candidates that have come to our attention and we greatly appreciate the involvement of our shareholders in recommending several candidates. When we have identified the right persons, we will introduce the new management team.
"In the meantime, our normal business operations continue unabated under the guidance of interim management. You will recall, for instance, that we presented the financial report for the third quarter on time. Similarly, in other respects, ERHC Energy continues to meet its day-to-day obligations. As our public disclosures attest, the company has strengthened its financial standing through receipts accruing from the participation arrangements entered into with consortium partners on the JDZ interests.
"Our last quarter's financial report confirmed that ERHC's general and administrative costs rose in the first six months of the year. This was due in part to increased activity with regard to management and exploitation of the JDZ interests. Legal costs arising from the U.S. government investigations of the Company also played a major role. ERHC Energy's management continues to monitor these costs closely and to apply cost-control measures. Our fiscal year ends on September 30, 2006 and we have begun work on the year-end financial report, which is due in December 2006.
"We continue to develop our relationships with our consortium partners in the JDZ Blocks, Addax Petroleum and Sinopec Corp. In September 2006, ERHC representatives will participate in meetings of the Operating Committee and the Technical Committee for each of the Blocks. We remain positive about the progress being made. According to Addax Petroleum, which has been designated the operator of Block 4 of the JDZ and has a participating interest in JDZ Blocks 2 and 3, seismic data acquired over each of the Blocks is presently being analyzed to delineate potential drilling locations. There are many contingencies that affect when exploratory drilling may commence. That is not unusual in operations of this nature and we will look to the operators to make the relevant announcements when the time is right.
"In September 2006, representatives of ERHC will also participate in Management Committee meetings between the consortium partners and the Joint Development Authority (JDA). For those not familiar with the organization, the JDA is the authority set up by the governments of Nigeria and Sao Tome & Principe to manage the resources, including oil and gas, in the JDZ.
"In advance of these meetings, I traveled to Nigeria for a courtesy visit with representatives of the JDA to introduce ERHC's interim leadership. The meetings were positive and cordial. Our visit coincided with changes in the leadership of the JDA. In August 2006, the JDA announced the appointment of Ado Yakubu Wanka as the chairman of the JDA's board for the next year. The JDA's board is made up of four members, two each from Nigeria and Sao Tome & Principe. Each year, the chairmanship rotates between the two countries.
"Looking ahead, ERHC's long-term plan is to utilize cash flow from operations to implement a focused acquisition strategy, targeting a diversified portfolio of production and development projects and low- to medium-risk exploration properties. We intend to identify, acquire and explore prospects in which we discern a competitive advantage.
"Again, thank you for your continued support and patience. We value our shareholders and remain committed to maintaining regular communication with all of our shareholders regarding ERHC's activities and opportunities."
About ERHC Energy
ERHC Energy Inc. is a Houston-based independent oil and gas company focused on growth through high impact exploration in the highly prospective Gulf of Guinea and the development of undeveloped and marginal oil and gas fields. ERHC is committed to creating and delivering significant value for its shareholders, investors, and employees; sustainable and profitable growth through risk balanced smart exploration, cost efficient development and high margin production.
This press release contains "forward-looking statements," including statements about ERHC Energy Inc.'s future operating milestones, financing plans, as well as other matters that are not historical facts or information. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current assumptions and expectations and involve risks, uncertainties and other important factors, specifically including those relating to the Company's ability to exploit its commercial interests in the JDZ and the exclusive territorial waters of Sao Tome and Principe, that may cause the Company's actual results to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, nor is there any assurance that the contemplated financing will be effected, under the terms set forth herein or any other terms.
Dan Keeney
DPK PUBLIC RELATIONS
ERHC Energy Logo ERHC Energy Letter to Shareholder, September 2006


text:
Speak out, be shredded
Several familiar CalCoastNews readers were singled out for verbal assault in Thursday's edition of New Times' vapid version of what now passes for the "Shredder," rejuvenating and intensifying the saga of Lisa Solomon-Chitty, Paso Robles' erstwhile chief of police.
The columnist, using endearments such as "blathering idiots" and "self-hating prigs," expressed dismay over comments made by readers regarding news stories which appeared on this site. He (she, it) suggested this website allowed "misogynists" and "internet trolls" to speak too freely about the chief and her alleged list of sexual offenses against her officers.
The Shredder goes on to say one CalCoastNews blogger is the type of person who their own child should avoid when old enough to move out. This parental rejection was suggested because the blogger repeated Paso Robles Manager Jim Apps' nickname for Solomon-Chitty – "Pretty Lisa Meter Maid." The Shredder, however, failed to mention the nickname was initiated by a public official.
The Shredder offers no opportunity for reader comment. CalCoastNews, however, does.
Subjects: Free Speech Journalism San Luis Obispo
An American tradition lives on in Atascadero
Gearhart indicted, facing 300 years in federal prison
Thanks again, CNN,
Let's recap, the Shredder hides behind a hood to lash at folks with impish impunity… and, in my opinion, almost arbitrarily… however, it is fun to have a new medium (CNN) to see their antics exposed for what they are… mean spirited and desperate. So, I commend CCN for showing a light on the Shredder… who obviously can't stand the heat.
BTW, Newspapers are struggling right now and I suspect that New Times is also heading towards the end of their product life cycle… or maybe they'll just drift along until the last advertiser moves on. BTW, did you know that the average age of those reading all newspapers is said to be over 50 … and I suspect… way over 50. On-line is where to go to reach anyone.
Advertisers need to target their money to where it will do the most good … on-line local sites — like CNN — seem to make the most sense nowadays.
Not…"almost arbitrarily…". He flat shoots from the hip, sprays & prays, Acts like a nutter on the edge. Not a likable author anymore.


Congratulations to Brigitte S., who has won my Karma's Kiss giveaway! She has been emailed & responded. Thanks to everyone who entered, and if you didn't win, don't worry, I've got a huuuge celebration giveaway coming up Monday that you won't want to miss!


text:
Q: Javascript not adding two string numbers using parseInt function I have two
 section having numbers inside. When number present in 1st
 is clicked , 2nd  content should show twice the value of 1st
.
I used following code but not working.

1

1

But the output is coming as

NaN

Can somebody help with correct code ? Thanks

A: The element #left contains the entire anchor, so you're getting all the HTML of the anchor back, and not just the number, which is why parseInt spits out NaN.
In other words:
document.getElementById('left').innerHTML

will return:
1

And when parsing that as an integer it returns NaN ?
FIDDLE
You can solve it by doing:

1

1

FIDDLE


text:
New User Registration [Parents/Guardians/Managers/Coaches]
Have you registered on the new Bedfordll.com site yet?
Our new Bedfordll.com website is a tremendous education and communication tool for our community of parents, players, coaches and board members. And, unlike many sites, our new site depends on your participation to see the full power. If you have not registered yet, please take a minute now to do so. By completing this form, you can register yourself and/or your children to then have access to the full breadth of Bedfordll.com.
The benefits of registering are that we will build up our community network as well as you'll recieve a more personalized experience. After registering, you'll be able to participate in the full site features, receive directed emails from your the league and your coaches, receive notices when updates are made to the site and access to protected team information once the season begins.
Open to: New Men & Women
Residents of: 03110, 03031
2021 BLL Spring Registration - AAA-MAJOR DIVISION (9/10/11/12)
Welcome to the registration for the 2021 Bedford Little League AAA and MAJOR DIVISION programs. In order to participate, players must be between league age 9 and league age 12 in 2021. D.O.B August 2012 (youngest) - September 2008 (oldest)
The registration fee is $135.*
*Fee based on baseball age D.O.B August 2012 (youngest) - September 2008 (oldest)
***Due to COVID-19 uncertainties, details and signups for player evaluations are going out later in the winter months. Please watch for future communications from the board on this.
Open to:
Residents of: 03110, 03031,03057,03055,03054
2021 BLL Spring Registration - AA DIVISION (8)
Welcome to the registration for the 2021 Bedford Little League AA DIVISION program. In order to participate, players must be league age 8 in 2021. D.O.B Aug 2013 (youngest) - Sept 2012 (oldest)
Registration fee is $115*
*Fee based on league baseball age | D.O.B Aug 2013 (youngest) - Sept 2012 (oldest)
2021 BLL Spring Registration - A DIVISION (6-7)
Welcome to the registration for the 2021 Bedford Little League A DIVISION program. In order to participate, players must be league age 6 thru 7 in 2021. D.O.B August 2015 (youngest) - Sept 2013(oldest)
Registration fee is $85*
*Fee is bassed on league baseball age D.O.B August 2015 (youngest) - Sept 2013 (oldest)
Due to COVID-19 uncertainties, details and signups for player evaluations are going out later in the winter months. Please watch for future communications from the board on this.
2021 BLL Spring Registration - TEE-BALL DIVISION (4/5)
Welcome to the registration for the 2021 Bedford Little League TEE-BALL DIVISION program. In order to participate, players must be between league age 4 and league age 5 in 2021. D.O.B August 2017 (youngest) - Sept 2015 (oldest)
*Fee is based on league age D.O.B August 2017 (youngest) - Sept 2015 (oldest)
Information about season-start, including possible evaluation/workout times will be posted at a future date, and will likely include any necessary accomodations as a result of COVID.
2021 BLL Spring Registration - CHALLENGER DIVISION ALL AGES
Welcome to the registration for the 2021 Bedford Little League CHALLENGER DIVISION program.
The Little League Challenger Division is Little League's adaptive baseball programs for boys and girls with physical and developmental challenges. Any boy or girl ages 4-18, or up to age 22 if still enrolled in a school program, with a physical or developmental challenge may participate. If a child can participate in the traditional Little League Baseball or Softball program with reasonable accommodations they should do so.
There are no registration fees.
There are no evaluations for this program. Rosters will be formed after registration closes. Please contact program coordinator Jaime Dooley at challenger@bedfordll.com if you have further questions. Necessary precautions for COVID-19 will be e-mailed prior to season start.


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Remembrances of Things to Come: Daily Life in France from 1003 to 1975
By Douglas Bullis
Release Date, 28 March 2022
Douglas Bullis is not a medievalist. If he were, we'd know how and where he uncovered every piece of the LeFief Family puzzle. Remembrances of Things to Come would begin with baptism records retrieved from long-forgotten chapels. It would progress through land grants, letters, and diaries. Notes in the margins of books, inscriptions on gravestones, church registers; medievalists use these sources to walk back in time. They're the hallmarks of well-founded research where speculation fades, and every assertion stands as sturdy as a barrel vault.
In Remembrances of Things to Come, Bullis tries something much more readable. He promises to transport readers to a lost world. Stories of domesticity, celebration, and despair emerge without strings of citations and sources. Instead of a scholar recording LeFief origins via medieval documents, Bullis is a tour guide conducting readers through the landscape. In 1003 CE, a land grant is given by a local lord to a family without a surname. "When the family was later confirmed in the church by the lord's bishop, the lord attended the observance but would not yield to them permission to adopt his name. They therefore took unto themselves the name of the fief itself, to last as long as the family should live." (Remembrances of Things to Come, D. Bullis. pg.4) We don't read it from the church annals. It's not drawn from the inscription on the first LeFief's tomb. It wasn't uncovered in a 1000-year-old ledger. It simply happened. The rest of the book follows the family up to modern times, recreating one day for one LeFief across successive centuries.
Remembrances uses art for its reference points. Hundreds of high-quality reproductions taken from period manuscripts illustrate the scenes of daily life in Bullis' narrative. The art inspires him to recall the sounds, smells, colors, and customs familiar to the LeFiefs as they navigate nine centuries in the Loire Valley. He invites readers into the kitchen, the field, the country lane. These flights of imagination dispel the illusion of distance between the LeFiefs and us. Bullis reminds us that French baguette smells the same today (and is made in much the same way) as it did a millennium ago; in a thousand years, unless bread is no longer baked, it will be as fragrant. It's a touchpoint, a memory we can share of the past, present, and far future.
Thanks to Reedsy Discovery for an advance reader's copy of this title.
This review appeared first on reedsy.com: https://reedsy.com/discovery/book/remembrances-of-things-to-come-douglas-bullis#review
Posted byJennifer Frost March 17, 2022 Posted inBook ReviewsTags:Book review, Douglas Bullis, Jenniferfrostwrites, medieval France, medieval life, Remembrance of Things to Come
Published by Jennifer Frost
Jennifer Frost lives in Woodland Hills, CA with her husband & 6-year-old son. With an undergraduate degree in English Literature from the University of Iowa, Jennifer has spent her life as a devoted reader & secret writer. You can find her stories in Backchannels, Deracine & East of the Web. View all posts by Jennifer Frost
The Writer's Game
deebee1979 says:
Great review of a fascinating sounding book!


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Central Bureau Of Investigation (CBI)
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National Crime Records Bureau: News
Manipur: 15 students feared dead as bus carrying them overturns
At least 15 students were feared dead when a bus carrying them overturned in the Noney district of Manipur on Wednesday.
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Maharashtra: Toddler thrown out of moving cab dies; mother molested
In a horrific incident, a toddler died after being thrown out of a moving cab while her mother was molested inside the car in Maharashtra's Palghar district.
Mumbai: Man murders mother over dispute, dumps body in river
In what can be described as a shocking incident, a Mumbai man reportedly murdered his mother by hitting her on the head with a baseball bat over a property dispute.
Shraddha Walkar murder: Plea in Delhi HC seeks CBI probe
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Crackdown on child pornography: CBI raids 56 locations across India
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) on Saturday carried out multiple raids across 20 states in connection with two online child pornography cases.
UP: 4 members of Dalit family found dead in Prayagraj
Four members of a family were found murdered at their home in Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh on Thursday. They belonged to a Scheduled Caste.
16-year-old raped by 400 people, including cop, in Maharashtra
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CBI arrests UP government engineer for sexually abusing 50 children
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Suicides by daily-wage earners on the rise; 23% in 2019
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UP shocker: Cousin rapes five-month-old infant, she dies later
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Madhya Pradesh: Three minors held for gang-rape of eight-year-old
An eight-year-old girl was gang-raped in Madhya Pradesh on Sunday, allegedly by three minors, including two brothers.
India's lowest income bracket recorded 66% of all 2018 suicides
In India, the poorest seem more likely to take their own lives, government data has revealed.
Inspiring stories of five acid attack survivors to know about
Acid attacks are the most horrendous and gruesome crimes that not only cause physical trauma but emotional and psychological trauma to victims.
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All India Institute Of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
Gurugram: Cab driver offers lift to 15-year-old, rapes her
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UP man kills wife over dowry, given 10 years imprisonment
A fast-track court in Muzaffarnagar has sentenced a man to 10 years' imprisonment for killing his wife over dowry in 2013.
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Much has been said about the Amritsar train tragedy, but what remains crystal clear is that the accident could have been easily avoided.
Why don't victims of sexual abuse speak up?
After Tanushree Dutta alleged Nana Patekar of sexual harassment, some 10 years later after the incident, everyone is questioning her- if she's actually telling the truth or if this allegation marks her comeback in the limelight.
16-year-old molested at Dehradun school: Where are we heading to?
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#BritishAirwaysHack: All it took was 22 lines of code
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Children in shelter-homes get Aadhaar linked to 'Track Child' portal
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NCRB demands access to Aadhaar data, government says "will try"
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Q: Is it possible to load data from flat file and dump in to hibernate second level cache? below is my query:
Currently we are reading data from DB(Oracle) using Hibernate and ehcache second level cache for performance of the application.
my New Requirement: instead of hitting DB(oracle) ,I need to read data from Flat file and same data has to map( Hibernate second level cache), so that i can reuse my whole application again. just changing dialect to support reading from file.
do we have any hibernate or other third party Plugins to achieve this.

A: This would require a hibernate dialect that could read the format of your file, which doesn't exist.  You could write your own dialect, but not sure that's an option.
Another approach might be to use in in-memory data provider, load the data there, and run, something like HSQL.


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Posted inAT Finance, Beijing, China, Hong Kong, Israel, Macau, Middle East, South Asia, World
How Sheldon Adelson's Macau gamble hit the jackpot
Ten years after the Venetian Macao opened its doors, the gambling haven's first modern integrated casino resort has arguably redefined the global gaming business
by Muhammad Cohen August 29, 2017 February 18, 2020
Venetian Macao founder Sheldon Adelson. Photo: Wikimedia Commons/BecTrigger
Ten years of success and transformational growth obscure what an extraordinary gamble Las Vegas Sands (LVS) founder Sheldon Adelson took on his US$2.7 billion Venetian Macao gaming complex.
Opened on August 28, 2007, Macau's first modern integrated resort cost more than double any previous casino project in town, was built in a previously shunned location, and enormously expanded the supply of products for which at the time there was little to no evidence of demand in Macau.
Venetian Macao welcomes 75,000 visitors a day on average, including half of all tourists arriving in the city. Macau now generates more than four times the amount of gaming revenue of Las Vegas, in large part due to Venetian Macao's pull. It averaged nearly US$1 billion in EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) over its first decade and earned back its cost for LVS within four years.
"When the Venetian opened, think of how it looked to the casual observer: Here was this flashy, mammoth structure, one of the world's largest buildings, and it was in the middle of nowhere, surrounded by dirt," says Matthew Ossolinski, chairman of Osslinski Holdings, a global fund that invests in casinos and other gambling related companies. In Macau on an investment consulting assignment back in 2005, he recalls often hearing the words "crazy" and "flop" associated with Venetian Macao.
Located on disused landfill dubbed 'Cotai' between Macau's outer islands of Coloane and Taipa, Venetian Macao represented a quantum leap for the island city on multiple levels. When LVS got its solo casino license through a sub-concession in December 2002, Macau had US$2.7 billion in casino revenue, about 8,600 hotel rooms, 11.6 million visitor arrivals and one department store.
At completion, resting on thousands of pilings, Venetian Macao would be the world's third largest building at 10.5 million square feet (980,000 square meters), featuring the world's largest casino floor at more than 370,000 square feet, with nearly 900 tables and 3,300 gaming machines. But the government gave Adelson and LVS a chance because it wanted more than just another casino – and Venetian Macao took the integrated resort concept to the next level.
The Venetian Macao's 'Great Hall' in a 2008 file photo. Picture: Wikimedia Commons
This Macau and global groundbreaker had 3,000 rooms, increasing the city's total supply by one-third, even though three-quarters of Macau visitors didn't stay overnight, and an 850,000 square feet shopping mall, more than three times Macau's total retail space at the time. Venetian Macao also added the biggest theater in town, and, in a first for any casino resort, a 15,000-seat arena, albeit in a market where touring entertainers and shows rarely stopped.
Crucially, Venetian Macao included one million square feet for MICE – meetings, incentives, convention and exhibition. Adelson, who first came to Las Vegas running a trade show, pioneered using conventions to fill hotel rooms on weekdays and tapping corporate funds to pay for celebrity chef meals and show tickets. With the government's enthusiastic endorsement, LVS aimed to do the same in Macau, which lacked both a large, modern MICE facility and a track record in the field.
Located on disused landfill dubbed 'Cotai' between Macau's outer islands of Coloane and Taipa, Venetian Macao represented a quantum leap for the island city on multiple levels
"It was not a slam dunk to put together financing" for Venetian Macao, ten times more expensive than Sands Macao, former LVS president and chief operating officer William Weidner understated. Adding so much capacity to the market was a very risky move, the perils exacerbated as Macau's original three gaming operators expanded to six because of sub-concessions created to accommodate LVS.
Then two things changed the picture. As LVS signed its sub-concession agreement in December 2002, SARS – severe acute respiratory syndrome – was spreading across southern China. Although Macau had just one reported case, the outbreak of the fatal respiratory disease in neighboring Guangdong province, Hong Kong and beyond left more than 800 dead and devastated regional tourism.
Subsequent reports of a cover-up by Guangdong health officials that allowed the virus to spread spurred Beijing to try to make amends by loosening trade and tourism barriers with its two returned foreign colonies. The Facilitated Individual Travel Scheme (FITS) allows mainland travelers from selected cities to visit Macau without joining a group tour. In FITS' first full year, Macau's visitor arrivals jumped 40%, and the policy remains a crucial driver of Macau tourism.
Macau's Cotai Strip at night in a December 2016 file photo: Photo: iStock/Getty Images
Sands Macao's opening in May 2004, with customers literally breaking down its doors and the casino earning back its US$265 million initial cost within nine months, established that foreign casinos could succeed in Macau. Wall Street became a believer, backing the IPO of LVS in December 2004 that triggered the growth of Adelson's wealth by nearly US$1 million an hour over the next two years, the fastest sustained rise in history.
Adelson's current wealth of US$34 billion puts him 20th on Forbes' global list of billionaires. That bankroll has allowed him to more generally emerge as a major donor to the US Republican Party, committing US$100 million in hopes of defeating Barack Obama in the 2012 and contributing heavily to Donald Trump's 2016 victory.
Adelson's influence is even greater in Israel, his wife's homeland, where he finances a free newspaper to support Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu.
Despite the instant success of Sands Macao, doubts about Venetian persisted, largely due to its scale and location. Adelson's decision to double down, announcing a US$10 billion plan to create additional resorts in Cotai, with thousands more rooms and more non-gaming elements that were never relevant in Macau, deepened the doubts.
Ossolinski, who now focuses on Hengqin, the mainland island directly across from Cotai in the midst of a multibillion dollar development plan, recalls meetings with the six casino operators in 2005. "My takeaway from those meetings was that only three of the six operators truly believed in Cotai: Sands, Melco and Galaxy."
Gaming tables in Macau's Cotai Strip. Photo: Wikimedia Commons/Niels Elgaard Larsen
Those three got at least a five-year head start on their Macau rivals in Cotai. Wynn Resorts finally opened its Cotai property in August last year. MGM and SJM are still building, all three off the main strip, since they passed on the prime Cotai sites when the government initially offered them. Total investment in Cotai will surpass US$25 billion.
Again, it was the promise of bringing Venetian to Macau that began this process, starting with a license for LVS. Regional consultant Spectrum Asia chief executive officer Paul Bromberg suggests assessing the value of a Macau license by surveying the gaming landscape of 2001 and what happened to the companies that missed out on Macau.
Harrah's, which merged with Caesars and took its name, is working its way out of bankruptcy. MGM, with a bad deal in Macau and still building on Cotai, barely avoided a similar path. Trump – whatever happened to that guy? – and the rest of Atlantic City have faded into irrelevance. Tapping into Asia via Macau has been the key to success in gaming, and for LVS Venetian Macao opened the door.
Muhammad Cohen is editor at large of Inside Asian Gaming and wrote 'Hong Kong On Air', a novel set during the 1997 handover about TV news, love, betrayal, high finance and cheap lingerie
Tagged: Business, Casinos, Economy, Entertainment, Food & Drink, Gaming, Harrahs, Las Vegas Sands, Macau, MICE, Osslinski Holdings, Politics, Property, Sheldon Adelson, Venetian Macao
One reply on "How Sheldon Adelson's Macau gamble hit the jackpot"
James Agapios says:
And that's how the worlds renown terror supporter Sheldon Adelson got richer. It would be great if this article would also cover the evils of this man. It would make Kim Jun Un an angel compare to this dirt bag.


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Chrysops abavius är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Philip 1961. Chrysops abavius ingår i släktet Chrysops och familjen bromsar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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