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Java is an object-oriented programming language developed initially by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems. The language, initially called Oak (named after the oak trees outside Gosling's office), was intended to replace C++, although the feature set better resembles that of Objective C. Java should not be confused with JavaScript, which shares only the name and a similar C-like syntax. Sun Microsystems currently maintains and updates Java regularly.
Specifications of the Java language, the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) and the Java API are community-maintained through the Sun-managed Java Community Process. Java was developed in 1991 by James Gosling and other Sun engineers, as part of the Green Project. After first being made public in 1994, it achieved prominence following the announcement at 1995's SunWorld that Netscape would be including support for it in their Navigator browser.
1.1 Early history
1.2 Java meets the Internet
1.3 Version history
2 Language characteristics
2.1 Object orientation
2.2 Platform independence
2.3 Automatic garbage collection
2.4 Interfaces and classes
2.5 Input/Output
2.6 APIs
2.7 Hello World example
2.8 Miscellaneous
3.1 Language Issues
3.2 Library issues
3.3 Performance issues
4 Java Runtime Environment
5 Extensions and related architectures
6 Related free software
9.1 Sun
9.3 Frameworks
9.5 Historical
9.6 Criticism
9.7 Third-party software
9.8 Java portals, magazines and content sites
Duke.wave.shadow.gif
Duke, Java's mascot
The Java platform and language began as an internal project at Sun Microsystems in the December 1990 timeframe. Patrick Naughton, an engineer at Sun, had become increasingly frustrated with the state of Sun's C++ and C APIs and tools. While considering moving to NeXT, Patrick was offered a chance to work on new technology and thus the Stealth Project was started.
The Stealth Project was soon renamed to the Green Project with James Gosling and Mike Sheridan joining Patrick Naughton. They, together with some other engineers, began work in a small office on Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park, California to develop a new technology. The team originally considered C++ as the language to use, but many of them as well as Bill Joy found C++ and the available APIs problematic for several reasons.
Their platform was an embedded platform and had limited resources. Many members found that C++ was too complicated and developers often misused it. They found C++'s lack of garbage collection to also be a problem. Security, distributed programming, and threading support was also required. Finally, they wanted a platform that could be easily ported to all types of devices.
According to the available accounts, Bill Joy had ideas of a new language combining the best of Mesa and C. He proposed, in a paper called Further, to Sun that its engineers should produce an object-oriented environment based on C++. James Gosling's frustrations with C++ began while working on Imagination, an SGML editor. Initially, James attempted to modify and extend C++, which he referred to as C++ ++ -- (which is a play on the name of C++ meaning 'C++ plus some good things, and minus some bad things'), but soon abandoned that in favor of creating an entirely new language, called Oak named after the oak tree that stood just outside his office.
Like many stealth projects working on new technology, the team worked long hours and by the summer of 1992, they were able to demo portions of the new platform including the Green OS, Oak the language, the libraries, and the hardware. Their first attempt focused on building a PDA-like device having a highly graphical interface and a smart agent called Duke to assist the user.
The device was named Star7 after a telephone feature activated by *7 on a telephone keypad. The feature enabled users to answer the telephone anywhere. The PDA device itself was demonstrated on September 3, 1992.
In November of that year, the Green Project was spun off to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Sun Microsystems: FirstPerson, Inc. The team relocated to Palo Alto. The FirstPerson team was interested in building highly interactive devices and when Time Warner issued an RFP for a set-top box, FirstPerson changed their target and responded with a proposal for a set-top box platform. However, the cable industry felt that their platform gave too much control to the user and FirstPerson lost their bid to SGI. An additional deal with The 3DO Company for a set-top box also failed to materialize. FirstPerson was unable to generate any interest within the cable TV industry for their platform. Following their failures, the company, FirstPerson, was rolled back into Sun.
Java meets the Internet
In June and July of 1994, after a three-day brainstorming session with John Gage, James Gosling, Bill Joy, Patrick Naughton, Wayne Rosing, and Eric Schmidt, the team re-targeted yet again its efforts, this time to use the technology for the Internet. They felt that with the advent of the Mosaic browser, the Internet was on its way to evolving into the same highly interactive vision that they had had for the cable TV network. Patrick Naughton wrote a small web browser, WebRunner, as a prototype. WebRunner would later be renamed HotJava.
It was also in 1994 that Oak was renamed Java. An IP (intellectual property) search revealed that Oak had already been trademarked by a video adaptor card manufacturer so the team searched for a new name. The name Java was coined at a local coffee shop frequented by some of the members. It is not clear whether the name is an acronym or not. Most likely, it is not, however some accounts claim that it stands for the names of James Gosling, Arthur Van Hoff, and Andy Bechtolsheim. Others, that it is an acronym for Just Another Vague Acronym.
In October of 1994, HotJava and the Java platform was demoed for Sun executives. Java 1.0a was made available for download in 1994, but the first public release of Java and the HotJava web browser came on May 23, 1995, at the SunWorld conference. The announcement was made by John Gage, the Director of Science for Sun Microsystems. His announcement was accompanied by a surprise announcement by Marc Andreessen, Executive Vice President of Netscape, that Netscape would be including Java support in its browsers. In January of 1996, the JavaSoft business group was formed by Sun Microsystems to develop the technology.
The College Board currently administers an Advanced Placement exam in Computer Science, which tests knowledge in Java and object oriented programming. The exam also tests knowledge on the Marine Biology Simulation Case Study a program written in Java. The exam switched from C++ to Java as its featured programming language in the 2003-2004 school year.
Java_WebStartApplicationMan.png
Java Web Start, introduced in Java 2, allows provisioning applications over the web by clicking a desktop icon or a link on a website.
The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of packages to the standard library:
1.0 (1996) — Initial release.
1.1 (1997) — Major additions, notably inner classes.
1.2 (December 4, 1998) — Codename Playground. Major changes were made to the API (where reflection was introduced) and Sun's JVM (which was equipped with a JIT compiler), but these had little impact on the language itself: the only change to the Java language was the addition of the keyword strictfp. This and subsequent releases were rebranded "Java 2", but this had no effect on any software version numbers.
1.3 (May 8, 2000) — Codename Kestrel. Minor changes and fixes.
1.4 (February 13, 2002) — Codename Merlin. As of 2004, the most widely used version. Added the assert keyword.
5.0 (September 29, 2004) — Codename Tiger. (Originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number.) Added a number of significant new language features. One in particular, Annotations, has been argued to be modeled on Microsoft's C#, which was itself modeled on earlier versions of Java:
Generics — Provides compile-time type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts.
Autoboxing/unboxing — Automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and wrapper types (such as Integer).
Metadata — also called Annotations, allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities
Enumerations — the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.monday, Day.tuesday, etc.). Previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern).
Enhanced for loop — the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of an array or Collection, using a construct of the form:
for (Widget w: box)
System.out.println(w);
This example iterates over box, assigning each of its items in turn to the variable w, which is then printed to standard output.
6.0 (currently in development, estimated release date 2006) — Codename Mustang (https://mustang.dev.java.net/). An early development version of the Java SDK version 6.0 (internal version number 1.6) was made available in November 2004. New builds including enhancements and bug fixes are released on a regular basis.
7.0 — Codename Dolphin. As of 2005, this is in the early planning stages.[1] (http://weblogs.java.net/blog/editors/archives/2004/09/evolving_a_lang.html)
In addition to the language changes, much more dramatic changes have been made to the Java class library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in version 1.0 to over three thousand in Java 5.0. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated.
Language characteristics
There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:
It should use the object-oriented programming methodology.
It should allow the same program to be executed on multiple computer platforms.
It should contain built-in support for using computer networks.
It should be designed to execute code from remote sources securely.
It should be easy to use and borrow the good parts of older Object Oriented languages like C++.
Especially for the latter part, however sometimes extensions are required, like Corba or OSGi.
The first characteristic, object orientation ("OO"), refers to a method of programming and language design. Although there are many interpretations of OO, one primary distinguishing idea is to design software so that the various types of data it manipulates are combined together with their relevant operations. Thus, data and code are combined into entities called objects. An object can be thought of as a self-contained bundle of behavior (code) and state (data). The principle is to separate the things that change from the things that stay the same; often, a change to some data structure requires a corresponding change to the code that operates on that data, or vice versa. This separation into coherent objects provides a more stable foundation for a software system's design. The intent is to make large software projects easier to manage, thus improving quality and reducing the number of failed projects.
Platform independence
SwingSet.png
The Look and Feel of a Java GUI is independent of the platform it is running on
The second characteristic, platform independence, means that programs written in the Java language must run similarly on diverse hardware. One should be able to write a program once and run it anywhere.
This is achieved by most compilers by compiling the Java language code "halfway" to bytecode—simplified machine instructions specific to the Java platform. The code is then run on a virtual machine (VM), a program written in native code on the host hardware that translates generic Java bytecode into usable code on the hardware. Further, standardized libraries are provided to allow access to features of the host machines (such as graphics, threading and networking) in unified ways.
There are also implementations of Java compilers that compile to native object code, such as GCJ, removing the intermediate bytecode stage, but the output of these compilers can only be run on a single architecture.
Sun's license for Java insists that all implementations be "compatible". This resulted in a legal dispute with Microsoft after Sun claimed that the Microsoft implementation did not support the RMI and JNI interfaces and had added platform-specific features of their own. Sun sued and won both damages (some $20 million dollars) and a court order enforcing the terms of the license from Sun. In response, Microsoft no longer ships Java with Windows, and in recent versions of Windows, Internet Explorer cannot support Java applets without a third-party plugin. However, Sun and others have made available Java run-time systems at no cost for those and other versions of Windows.
The first implementations of the language used an interpreted virtual machine to achieve portability. These implementations produced programs that ran more slowly than programs written in C or C++, so the language suffered a reputation for producing slow programs. More recent implementations of the Java VM produce programs that run much faster than before, using multiple techniques.
The first technique is to simply compile directly into native code like a more traditional compiler, skipping bytecodes entirely. This achieves great performance, but at the expense of portability. Another technique, known as just-in-time compilation (JIT), compiles the Java bytecodes into native code at the time that the program is run. More sophisticated VMs use dynamic recompilation, in which the VM can analyze the behavior of the running program and selectively recompile and optimize critical parts of the program. Both of these techniques allow the program to take advantage of the speed of native code without losing portability.
Portability is a technically difficult goal to achieve, and Java's success at that goal has been mixed. Although it is indeed possible to write programs for the Java platform that behave consistently across many host platforms, the large number of available platforms with small errors or inconsistencies led some to parody Sun's "Write once, run anywhere" slogan as "Write once, debug everywhere".
Platform-independent Java is, however, very successful with server-side applications, such as web services, servlets, or Enterprise Java Beans - and meanwhile also with Embedded systems based on OSGi, using Embedded Java environments.
One argument against languages such as C++ is the burden of having to peform manual memory management. In C++, memory is allocated by the programmer to create an object, then deallocated to delete the object. If a programmer forgets or is unsure when to deallocate, this can lead to a memory leak, where a program consumes more and more memory without cleaning up after itself. Even worse, if a region of memory is deallocated twice, the program can become unstable and will likely crash.
In Java, this potential problem is avoided by automatic garbage collection. Objects are created and placed at an address on the heap. The program or other objects can reference an object by holding a reference to its address on the heap. When no references to an object remain, the Java garbage collector automatically deletes the object, freeing memory and preventing a memory leak. Memory leaks, however, can still occur if a programmer's code holds a reference to an object that is no longer needed—in other words, they can still occur but at higher conceptual levels. But on the whole, Java's automatic garbage collection makes creation and deletion of objects in Java simpler and potentially safer than in C++.
It should be noted, however, that programmers have access to garbage collection in C++ via smart pointers, such as the ones provided by the Standard Template Library and Boost's library. However, smart pointers have significant overhead in both speed and memory consumption, and fail when confronted by cyclical object graphs. Aside from that, common smart pointer implementations do not support polymorphic assignments combined with typesafety, as they are template-based.
One thing that Java accommodates is creating an interface which classes can then implement. For example, an interface can be created like this:
public interface Deleteable {
void delete();
This code says that any class that implements the interface Deleteable will have a method named delete(). The exact implementation and function of the method are determined by each class. There are many uses for this concept; for example, the following could be a class:
public class Fred implements Deleteable {
//Must include the delete () method to satisfy the Deleteable interface
public void delete() { //code implementation goes here
//Can also include other methods
public void doOtherStuff() {
Then, in another class, the following is legal code:
public void deleteAll (Deleteable [] list) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
list[i].delete();
because any objects in the array are guaranteed to have the delete() method. The Deleteable array may contain references to Fred objects, and the deleteAll() method needn't differentiate between the Fred objects and other Deleteable objects.
The purpose is to separate the details of the implementation of the interface from the code that uses the interface. For example, the Collection interface contains methods that any collection of objects might want to implement, like retrieving or storing objects, but a specific collection could be a resizeable array, a linked list, or any of a number of different implementations.
Methods defined by an interface are implicitly public and abstract. Fields defined by an interface are implicitly public, static, and final.
The feature is a result of compromise. The designers of Java decided not to support multiple inheritance because of the difficulty of C++'s multiple inheritance, but interfaces give some of the benefit of multiple inheritance with less complexity.
Java interfaces behave much like the concept of the Objective-C protocol.
Versions of Java prior to 1.4 only supported stream-based blocking I/O. This required a thread per stream being handled, as no other processing could take place while the active thread blocked waiting for input or output. This was a major scalability and performance issue for anyone needing to implement any Java network service. Since the introduction of NIO (New IO) in Java 1.4, this scalability problem has been rectified by the introduction of a non-blocking I/O framework (though there are a number of open issues in the NIO API as implemented by Sun).
The non-blocking IO framework, though considerably more complex than the original blocking IO framework, allows any number of "channels" to be handled by a single thread. The framework is based on the Reactor Pattern.
Sun has defined three platforms targeting different application environments and segmented many of its APIs so that they belong to one of the platforms. The platforms are:
Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition — targeting environments with limited resources,
Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition — targeting workstation environments, and
Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition — targeting large distributed enterprise or Internet environments.
The classes in the Java APIs are organized into separate groups called packages. Each package contains a set of related interfaces, classes and exceptions. Refer to the separate platforms for a description of the packages available.
The set of APIs is controlled by Sun Microsystems in cooperation with others through its Java Community Process program. Companies or individuals participating in this process can influence the design and development of the APIs. This process has been a subject of controversy.
In 2004, IBM and BEA publicly supported the notion of creating an official open source implementation of Java but as of 2005, Sun Microsystems has refused.
Hello World example
For an explanation of the tradition of programming "Hello World", see Hello world program.
// The source file must be named HelloWorld.java
public class HelloWorld
// The main method is passed an array of command-line parameters
The language distinguishes between bytes and characters. Characters are stored internally using UCS-2 (though as of Java 5, the language also supports using UTF-16, with surrogates), and Java program source may contain any Unicode character. Although the language has special syntax for them, arrays and strings are not primitive types: they are reference types that can be assigned to java.lang.Object.
Most consider Java technology to deliver reasonably well on all these promises. The language is not, however, without drawbacks.
Java code is often more verbose than code written in other languages due to its frequent type declarations.
The division between primitive types and objects is disliked by programmers familiar with languages such as Smalltalk and Ruby where everything is an object.
Non-object-oriented programming has to be simulated using static methods. This is more awkward than in languages that directly support it.
Some programmers miss multiple inheritance, which is available in many other languages.
Versions of Java before 5.0 required many explicit casts to be written due to the lack of generic types.
Java's generic types can be awkward to use because they are compile-time only constructs; generic type information is unavailable at runtime.
Library issues
The look and feel of GUI applications written in Java is often different from native applications.
Some parts of the standard Java libraries are considered excessively complicated, or badly designed, but cannot be changed due to the need for backward compatibility.
Java was designed with emphasis on security and portability, so low-level features like hardware-specific data types and pointers to arbitrary memory were deliberately omitted. These features must be accessed by calling C code using the Java Native Interface (JNI), which is inconvenient and can be a performance bottleneck.
Java array access can be slower than other languages due to range-checking.
The performance of Java programs can be difficult to predict due to dynamic compilation and garbage collection, and Java programs often use more memory than programs written in lower-level languages. Most major companies still use other languages for off the shelf software, as Java is typically considered too slow for major desktop applications.
Java Runtime Environment
The Java Runtime Environment or JRE is the software required to run any application deployed on the Java platform. End-users commonly use a JRE in software packages and plug-ins. Sun also distributes a superset of the JRE called the Java 2 SDK (more commonly known as the JDK), which includes development tools such as the Java compiler, Javadoc, and debugger.
Components of the JRE
Java libraries - which are the compiled byte codes of source developed by the JRE implementor to support application development in Java. Examples of these libraries are:
The core libraries, which include:
Collection libraries which implement data structures such as lists, dictionaries, trees and sets
XML Parsing libraries
Internationalization and Localization libraries
The integration libraries, which allow the application writer to communicate with external systems. These libraries include:
The Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API for database access
Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) for lookup and discovery
RMI and CORBA for distributed application development
User Interface libraries, which include:
The (heavyweight, or native) Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT), which provides GUI components, the means for laying out those components and the means for handling events from those components
The (lightweight) Swing libraries, which are built on AWT but provide (non-native) implementations of the AWT widgetry
APIs for audio capture, processing, and playback
A platform dependent implementation of Java virtual machine (JVM) which is the means by which the byte codes of the Java libraries and third party applications are executed
Plugins, which enable applets to be run in web browsers
Java Webstart, which allows Java applications to be efficiently distributed to end users across the Internet
Licensing and documentation
Extensions and related architectures
Extensions and architectures closely tied to the Java programming language include:
J2EE (Enterprise edition)
J2ME (Micro-Edition for PDAs and cellular phones)
JMF (Java Media Framework)
JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface)
JSML (Java Speech API Markup Language)
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
JDO (Java Data Objects)
JAIN (Java API for Integrated Networks)
JDMK (Java Dynamic Management Kit)
Jini (a network architecture for the construction of distributed systems)
JXTA (open source-based peer-to-peer infrastructure)
JavaSpaces
JMI (Java Metadata Interface)
JMX (Java Management Extensions)
JSP (JavaServer Pages)
JSF (JavaServer Faces)
JNI (Java Native Interface)
J3D (A high level API for 3D graphics programming)
JOGL (A low level API for 3D graphics programming, using OpenGL)
OSGi (Dynamic Service Management and Remote Maintenance)
SuperWaba (JavaVMs for handhelds)
MARF (Modular Audio Recognition Framework)
Related free software
Compilers and JVMs
GCJ, a Java compiler that is part of GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection
Jikes, a Java compiler originally developed by IBM
GNU Classpath, GNU's non-compatible replacement for Sun's implementation of the Java class libraries
Kaffe, a clean room implementation, non-compatible of the Java virtual machine with associated class libraries
SableVM, a Java Virtual Machine meant to be robust, efficient and portable
IKVM
SuperWaba, a Java-subset virtual machine, with a minimalistic design suitable for PDA programming
Groovy, a language similar to Java, that also compiles code that runs on the Java virtual machine
Free software IDEs
JEdit
BlueJ
Non-free IDEs
CodeGuide
JBuilder
JCreator
JCreator LE (freeware)
IBM Websphere Studio Application Developer
BEA Weblogic
The Jakarta Project produces free software in Java, especially tools for building web applications
JUnit, a widely used framework for creating automated unit tests
JSwat, a standalone, graphical Java debugger
Spring Framework, a framework for developing Java web applications
Apache Ant, a Java written software tool for automating software build processes
Struts, a framework for developing Java web applications
Javassist
Byte Code Engineering Library
JMangler
Geronimo, a compatible implementation of J2EE being created within the Apache Software Foundation
Jarhoo helps [2] (http://www.jarhoo.com/) resolve classpath issues by providing details of Jar files containing a class causing NoClassDefFoundError or ClassNotFoundException problems
InterProlog ( http://www.declarativa.com/interprolog/ ) A programming library bridge between Java and Prolog, implementing bi-direccional predicate/method calling between both languages; Java objects are mapped into Prolog terms and vice-versa through serialization. Allows the development of GUIs and other functionality in Java while leaving logic processing in the Prolog layer. Supports XSB and SWI Prolog.
Java virtual machine
Comparison of Java to C++
Optimization of Java
Java Platform Debugger Architecture
List of Java-programs
Java User Group
Artefaktur
Java XML
Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE)
List of Java scripting languages
Javapedia
JavaOS
Java keywords
zAAP (Java processor)
Microsoft J++
Modular Audio Recognition Framework
Jon Byous, Java technology: The early years (http://java.sun.com/features/1998/05/birthday.html). Sun Developer Network, no date [ca. 1998]. Retrieved April 22, 2005.
James Gosling, A brief history of the Green project (http://today.java.net/jag/old/green/). Java.net, no date [ca. Q1/1998]. Retrieved April 22, 2005.
James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, and Gilad Bracha, The Java language specification, second edition. Addison-Wesley, 2000. ISBN 0201310082.
James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, and Gilad Bracha, The Java language specification, third edition. Addison-Wesley, 2005. ISBN 0321246780.
Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin. The Java Virtual Machine specification, second edition. Addison-Wesley, 1999. ISBN 0201432943.
Template:Wikibookspar
Official Java home site (http://java.sun.com/)
The Java Language Specification, Third edition (http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/) Authoritative description of the Java language
J2SE API reference, v1.4.2 (http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/)
J2SE API reference, v5.0 (http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/)
Sun's tutorial on Java Programming (http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/)
Original Java whitepaper (http://java.sun.com/docs/white/langenv/), 1996
Test your Java VM (http://www.java.com/en/download/help/testvm.xml).
Blackdown Java, includes (http://wiki.debian.net/?BlackDownJava) Mozilla plug-in
OSGi: Dynamic Service Management (http://www.osgi.org)
Newsgroup comp.lang.java (news:comp.lang.java) (Google Groups link (http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.lang.java)), and its FAQ (http://www.ibiblio.org/javafaq/javafaq.html)
Javapedia project (http://wiki.java.net/bin/view/Javapedia/)
The Java Wiki (http://jinx.swiki.net/)
A Java glossary (http://mindprod.com/jgloss/jgloss.html)
Java Basics Manual (http://www.cookienest.com/content/manual-javabasics.php)
Thinking in Java (http://www.bruceeckel.com/), by Bruce Eckel
Java-API with examples (http://en.pure-java.de/)
Java: Cornerstone of the Global Network Enterprise (http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Youmans.Java.html)
How to Think Like a Computer Scientist (http://ibiblio.org/obp/thinkCS/) Java version
Vulnerabilities in Java Environments (http://www.illegalaccess.org/)
Java(TM) Technology: The Early Years (http://java.sun.com/features/1998/05/birthday.html)
A Brief History of the Green Project (http://java.sun.com/people/jag/green/)
Java Was Strongly Influenced by Objective-C (http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/seanl/stuff/java-objc.html)
The Java Saga (http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.12/java.saga.html)
A history of Java (http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~wwwbtb/book/chap1/java_hist.html)
Paul Graham, Java's Cover (http://www.paulgraham.com/javacover.html). Paulgraham.com, April 2001.
Simson Garfinkel, Java: Slow, ugly and irrelevant (http://www.salon.com/tech/col/garf/2001/01/08/bad_java/). Salon.com, January 8, 2001.
java sucks (http://www.jwz.org/doc/java.html), by Jamie Zawinski
Free But Shackled — The Java Trap (http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/java-trap.html), by Richard Stallman, and James Gosling's response (http://today.java.net/jag/page7.html#59) (third item down)
The Dark Side of Java (http://www.idinews.com/darkside.pdf) (PDF) by Conrad Weisert (View as HTML (http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:P_gdZzcIXy0J:www.idinews.com/darkside.pdf+&hl=en))
Why I Am Not A Java Programmer (http://magnonel.guild.net/~schwern/papers/Why_I_Am_Not_A_Java_Programmer/why.html) (mirror (http://mungus.schwern.org/~schwern/papers/Why_I_Am_Not_A_Java_Programmer/why.html))
beanshell (http://www.beanshell.org/) An interpreted implementation of Java, which may be used as a shell or an embedded extension language
cajo (https://cajo.dev.java.net/) A simple, powerful, and free framework; for transparent, dynamic cooperation, between Java Virtual Machines
SuperWaba, a Java-like virtual machine (http://www.superwaba.com.br/)
A pure java desktop (http://www.jdistro.com/)
Java on PocketPC (http://www.vikdavid.com/mobile/)
JCreator official website (http://www.jcreator.com/)
Netbeans official website (http://www.netbeans.org/)
Echo Framework (http://www.nextapp.com/products/echo/) An open source framework for developing object-oriented, event-driven, thin-client Web applications.
Java portals, magazines and content sites
Esus.com (http://www.esus.com) A site containing thousands of categorized links and Q&A's
JExamples.com (http://www.jexamples.com) A site to find examples of Java API's
TheServerSide.com (http://www.theserverside.com/) A popular Java J2EE portal
Javalobby (http://www.javalobby.org/) A popular forum for Java discussions
Java.Net (http://www.java.net/) A site for Java articles and upcoming projects
OnJava.com (http://www.onjava.com/) An oreilly site for Java with many good Java articles
IndicThreads.com (http://www.indicthreads.com/) An upcoming portal for Java and J2EE
JavaPro magazine (http://www.javapro.com/) A popular java magazine
Java Developer's Journal (http://www.java.sys-con.com/) Online edition of a popular java magazine
JavaWorld magazine (http://www.javaworld.com/) A popular java magazine
Java KB (http://www.JavaKB.com/) Offers Java discussions, news, articles, and an open source project directory.
JavaSight.com (http://www.javasight.com/) Java news & Books.
JavaRSS.com (http://www.javarss.com/) A Java portal of Java websites rich in Java & J2EE News, Articles, Blogs, Groups and Forums.
Java Game Development (http://www.javagamedevelopment.net/) Daily news and articles on Java game development
JavaToolbox (http://JavaToolbox.com) List of the available development tools and libraries for Java/J2EE
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CONFERENCES/OTHER EVENTS
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Affordable Plots for Sale in Ngong
13 /kenya-news.php KENYA NEWS
23 Candidates Get IEBC's Nod to Run for Kibra MP Seat
By John Wanjohi Wed, 09/11/2019 @ 12:04pm 263 views 0 comments
23 candidates have been cleared by Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) to run for Kibra MP Seat.
IEBC said 16 candidates will contest under various political parties while seven will run as independent candidates.
In a statement, the electoral commission indicated that a total of 30 candidates had registered to vie in the by-election penciled on November 7th but seven were either disqualified or failed to turn up for clearance on Tuesday.
Jubilee Party candidate McDonald Mariga is among those who were disqualified although he can file an appeal. Mariga was barred from running after IEBC failed to find his name in the 2017 voters' register.
Late MP Ken Okoth's brother Bernard 'Imran' Okoth was cleared to run on an Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) party ticket.
Other candidates who were cleared include Eliud Owalo of Amani National Congress (ANC) and Eng. Khamisi Butichi of Ford Kenya party.
The Kibra parliamentary seat fell vacant following the death of former Member of Parliament Ken Okoth, who succumbed to cancer while undergoing treatment in Nairobi Hospital on July 26th.
Mwakilishi.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Not able to access variable in jQuery I am trying to develop application with feathersjs and ejs. I have completed the connectivity part and I am able to pass data from server side, fetch it in ejs file but my next concern is that if I want to make some changes in received data like I want to add some field at client side, assign data to another variable how would I do this?
For example: I am getting a data into myVar variable and I want use myvar in my jquery script?
I have used let data = <%= myVar %>
It's giving me error:
'expression expected'

A: Try something like this:
<script type="text/javascript">
    var myVar= <%= myVar %>
 </script>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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416-900-7373 Info@step2re.com
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30-Storey 'Bauhaus Condos' Proposed for 284 King Street East
Following years of planning and an eventually shelved redevelopment plan, a new proposal is seeking rezoning to allow a 30-storey residential tower at 284 King Street East, between Berkeley and Ontario Streets in Downtown Toronto. Expected to enter marketing with the moniker 'Bauhaus Condos', the project from Lamb Development Corp aims to introduce 205 residential units to King Street East, in a slender tower designed by architectsAlliance.
Situated on the north side of King Street, the site is occupied by a 3-storey office building, which is sandwiched between much taller structures. In its place, the proposal—filed with the City of Toronto Planning Department earlier this month—introduces an 8-storey base building with a 22-storey tower volume above. On the upper levels, a narrow tower floorplate of approximately 491 m² would rise to a height of 101.05 metres (including a mechanical penthouse level).
Of the proposal's gross floor area (GFA) of approximately 14,798 m², 14,622 m² would be allocated towards residential space, with the remaining 177 m² of floor area being dedicated to a single street-fronting retail unit. The remainder of the project's ground floor is slated to house building services such as short-term bicycle parking, waste storage, and loading areas, as well as a double-height residential lobby.
Residential amenity spaces are being planned for the 2nd floor, including an outdoor terrace, a children's play area, and a 252.5 m² area listed in planning documents as an interior amenity space. Below grade, Bauhaus Condos would be served by a 4-level underground parking garage containing a total of 48 parking spaces and 206 bicycle spaces.
We will be sure to return as additional details about the proposal emerge. In the meanwhile, existing project information can be found in our Database file, linked below. Want to get involved in the discussion? Check out the associated Forum thread, or leave a comment using the field provided at the bottom of this page.
Register - Follow this development
STEP 2 Real Estate Inc., Brokerage. 33 City Centre Drive, Mississauga ON L5B 2N5 Tel: 416-900-7373 Fax: 416-900-7383


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Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East Season 11 gets underway in Bahrain this weekend
Car Deals - UAE > Read car news and reviews in the UAE > Porsche > Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East Season 11 gets underway in Bahrain this weekend
Posted by: dana
The Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East returns to the tracks for its 11th instalment this weekend. As the longest running motorsport series in the Middle East, the championship, organized by Lechner Racing on behalf of Porsche Middle East and Africa FZE, has dominated professional racing in the region since its inception in 2009.
The new season comprises of fourteen races across five weekends, held between the Bahrain International Circuit, Dubai Autodrome and Yas Marina Circuit. Round 1 gets underway at the Bahrain International Circuit this weekend before heading to the Dubai Autodrome in January for Round 2. Yas Marina Circuit plays host to Round 3 at the end of January before Rounds 4 and 5 return to Bahrain. The season will conclude with an official support race to the 2020 Formula 1 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix, the only regional racing series to do so.
Last weekend drivers representing six different countries descended into Bahrain for testing ahead of an action-packed first weekend, including Season 10's third-place finisher J.B. Simmenauer and winner of the Pro-Am category, Saul Hack. Testing also welcomed four debutants. Among the notable newcomers to the series are Julian Hanses and Richard Wagner of Germany and Jean-Marc Cordier of France. Season 11 will, for the first time ever, welcome sibling rivalry to the fore, with Dutch brothers Jesse and Daan van Kuijk lining up against one another on the grid.
Bahraini duo Ali and Jaber Al Khalifa will also return to the series and are looking forward to Race 1 on home turf. Ahead of the weekend, Ali said:
"Testing went well for me and I'm happy with how the car felt. I've not been in the car for a couple of months, so it felt good to be back behind the wheel and on my home track. I've been slowly improving over the weekend and hopefully I can keep improving throughout the season. My ambition for the season is to keep learning as much as possible. I'd like to finish in the top 5 but we will have to see how the season goes as there are many talented drivers on the grid."
The drivers took part in three rounds of testing across the weekend, with Germany's Leon Kohler setting the fastest lap, clocking a time of 2:03.2. South Africa's Saul Hack, recently returning from competing in the 2019 Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup, recorded the second fastest time at 2:03.5. It was Season 10's third place finisher, J.B. Simmenauer of France, who clocked the third fastest lap at 2:03.7.
Speaking ahead of Round 1, Walter Lechner of Lechner Racing said, "The growth this championship has seen over the last ten years is testament to the incredible work everyone has put in from my team, Porsche's team and, of course, the drivers. To return for an 11th season just shows the appetite there is to bring motorsport to the region and I'm incredibly excited to see what the upcoming season has to offer. Competition will be fierce, and with the addition of some very talented new drivers from Europe, it will no doubt be one of the most exciting seasons on record."
Following the success of Season 10's driver categories, Season 11 will follow the same format, with each driver placed in either Professional, Pro-Am or Amateur categories, dependent on ability or experience.
The Porsche Sprint Challenge Middle East is recognised as having a profound impact on the sports development as it was the first regional championship backed by a manufacturer in the Middle East. It gives official drivers access to the latest Porsche 911 GT3 Cup race car, the same model used for international motorsport editions, such as the Porsche Carrera Cup and the Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup, the official F1 support race.
Races 1 and 2 get underway this weekend at 15h50 and 18h55 on Friday, 13th December. Race 3 will take place on Saturday 14th December at 13h10. Race 3 serves as the official support race of the 8 hours of Bahrain World Endurance Championship. Entrance is free to all fans.
Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge Middle East 2019/20 Calendar
Category: Porsche, Racing, Sports cars,


Most Canadians would deny that theirs is a racist country. Scholars refer to the White Paper (1976) on multiculturalism and the Multiculturalism Act (1988) as proof that Canadians "celebrate diversity." But there are many sides to this story. While the idea of race has officially been dispelled since geneticists working on The Human Genome Project found as much genetic variation between members of the same ethnic group as between different groups, the idea of difference persists. The Multiculturalism Act encouraged people of every ethnic group to retain their own languages and cultures while integrating into their lives in Canada. Yet there are constant barriers to this in practice.
While most Canadians with anglo-sounding names would probably urge incoming immigrants to keep their names, in everyday life it is often just easier for Chinese immigrants to go by their English variants, like Josephine for Ji Ling. Indian immigrants often shorten their names to anglo-sounding equivalents: I recently met a Kal who had shortened the considerably lengthier Kalvinder, and a Dee whose full name was Deepali. Indeed, my adolescence and young adulthood was peppered with anglo-ethnic hybrid names. While we were often criticized for "wanting to become white" (by our co-ethnics) or "losing our roots" (by our white friends), in practice it is just annoying to have your name mispronounced and misspelled on a daily basis.
Philip Oreopolous' study at the University of British Columbia suggests prejudice against ethnic names may be more than just an annoyance. A Professor of Economics at UBC, Oreopolous created 6,000 mock resumés to represent recent immigrants and Canadians with and without non-English names. They were tailored to job requirements and sent to 2,000 online job postings from employers across 20 occupational categories in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada's largest and most multicultural city. Applicants with English-sounding names got almost 40% more callbacks from employers than those with Chinese, Indian, or Pakistani sounding names. All applicants had at least a Bachelor's degree, plus any additional qualifications specified in the job ad, and each applicant listed three previous jobs. Changing only the location of the applicant's job experience, from Canadian to foreign, lowered callbacks by 5-10%. Employers valued Canadian work experience far more than a Canadian education. Oreopolous concluded that there is considerable employer discrimination against ethnic Canadians and immigrants; even when the person evaluating resumes spoke with an accent or had an ethnic-sounding name, they still preferred English-sounding names by a factor of 1.42. Oreopolous points out that this type of discrimination is illegal under the Ontario Human Rights Act. In this case, both the employer and the potential employee lose; the employer has purposely overlooked a potential employee with the appropriate skills and education. Oreopolous' results cannot help but highlight institutional racism, which is more than a little surprising in the GTA, which is 46% foreign-born; China, India, and Pakistan are the three top source countries for immigrants. In a city and region so multicultural, that has been an immigrant reception center for over a hundred years, there is no way for employers to tell whether a person is a first-, second-, or third-generation immigrant, solely by looking at their name.
Differences in name, accent or manner of speech, clothing and grooming, diet, beliefs and practices, and leisure preferences can bring out subtle acts of racism. Because of language differences, member of various ethnic groups communicate in different ways. For example, in some cultures it is normal to wait several seconds after a person is finished speaking before responding; in anglo-North American culture the pause time is under one second. Those with the longer pause time would think they were being constantly interrupted by those with the shorter pause time. Underlining, or repeating the last few words of a person's sentence at the same time as they are speaking, is common in some cultures but considered rude by North Americans.
Another common form of subtle racism is co-opting part of an ethnic culture: it is considered fashionable for a white person to wear a sari or practice yoga, but not an Indian person. I would add that in Canada we have the practice of "celebrating diversity" by having silly cultural festivals, yet we do not tolerate difference on a daily basis. A few years ago, a friend of mine told me his daughter was asked to return one day from school because she had henna tattoos on her hands. My friend, a Canadian of Indian ethnicity who is married to a white Canadian, said the school official told him the school did not allow tattoos at school. A few months later, the same official asked if his daughter could bring some sort of Indian food to a school multicultural festival.
Assuming that members of the same ethnicity are all the same is another example of subtle racism. Most of my Indian friends fend off questions about where the good Indian restaurants are, if we like Bollywood movies, and whether we have been to India; yet in most cases, we would have been teased mercilessly for liking Indian food, movies, or culture during our childhood and adolescence. In Outliers (2008), Malcolm Gladwell addresses the assumption that Asians are better at math. We even find examples of racism in terminology: what groups fall under the heading of "Asian", and can they be grouped together as if they are all similar?
Joe Darden, a Professor of Geography at Michigan State, argues that denial of subtle and institutional racism allows Canadians to avoid changing legislation or monitor practices that discriminate against non-whites. Along with most other scholars, Darden points out that Canada has a long history of racism in immigration policy (The Significance of White Supremacy in the Canadian Metropolis of Toronto, 2004). He suggests that changes in the economy, and not changes in attitudes among white policy makers, were responsible for the removal of discrimination in immigration policy. In the post-war era, the need for skilled workers opened up immigration to non-European countries, while racist attitudes have remained. Like many African American scholars, Darden believes that there has been a transition from overt and institutional racism to subtle racism. Although significant Aboriginal populations have lived in Canada for thousands of years and British Columbia had small Chinese and Sikh populations around the turn of the century, Canada's racist immigration policies only began to change in 1952. Most non-Europeans in Canada entered the country after 1967 changes to the Immigration Act. Fifty years is not a lot of time to eliminate racist ideologies.
The idea of racism in Canadian society may seem impossible, but various studies have proven there are subtle forms of racism in the housing market, labour market, and in social interactions. Oreopolous' study shows that racism is present in the most multicultural city in Canada, therefore it must exist in cities with less cultural diversity. Many believe that cross-cultural education is the key to breaking down preconceptions about other cultures, understanding how different communication styles and values. In a multicultural society, cross-cultural training should be offered for all ages, from kindergarten to university, in schools and in the workplace. But Oreopolous' study, as well as the earlier studies by Murdie and Teixeira, indicate there is also some legislative work to be done, as well as monitoring of employers, housing agencies, real estate agents, and landlords to ensure discrimination is not a factor in hiring, promotion, renting or buying a home in Canadian cities.
Very well written. The issues discussed resemble a lot like in europe than anywhere else.
I would say racism is very much alive and kicking in Toronto and in many cases are not even subtle. We immigrated six months ago and during our desperate search for a house to rent, were told by a rental agent over the phone that he does not rent to people from India. Having travelled extensively all over the globe and having worked in several countries, I was dismayed that I had to hear this in the country I chose to immigrate to. Am still trying to decide whether to stay or leave. The "white supremacy" will make this decision easy as my resume has not got me even one interview. Should have changed my name before I came over.
We can't really generalize racism with only one person. Of course, there will always be racist idiots everywhere but we can't include everyone just because of them.
As for employers, you know, they aren't necessarily white… I doubt everyone of every ethnic origin prefer necessarily hiring people of white colour.
actually racism is systemic not just an individual attitude, and canadian social structures not only affirm white individual racist opinions, but protect white individuals from the consequences of their racist actions….when was the last time anyone in canada was taken to court for human rights violations against any person of color? and yet i, as a first nations person, know of many many egregious violations of basic human rights committed against people of color by white people over and over and over again. the courts are only as effective as the individuals controlling them and when those individuals are racist and are driving an institution like the justice system, then it is, in fact, a racist vehicle since it is tainted by their individual racism. thats what systemic racism is and how it works.
Actually people of color in Toronto do discriminate against others as well, men against women right across the board, white Canadians against white immigrants or white ethnic Canadians and so on. I've lived here for the last 23 years and I have experienced prejudice personally or witnessed it from every single group with no exception. Ethnic groups also discriminate against each other withing the group. Personally I have dealt with a manager of Indian origin from Guyana that was probably the most racist man I ever met. Never mind his incompetence and lies – employed by the Ontario government – he only hired people who were from the Caribbean or brown and not from Europe.
Let em star by saying, sorry about my poor english.
I am from Oslo, Norway and I have to say Canada is multicultural country. The reason I am saying this is just tske a look at how the canadia. Schools build identities among their kids. Here in Canda when I am with somali speaking kids I hear them saying I am canadian and u can see how proud they are about their multicultural identity. In norway when you talk to somali speaking kids , they will tell u that they are somali even though they have never been seen African continent. In other words yes they are challenges that Canadians are facing but they are building the foundation of multiculturalism. And that is multicultural identity. That starts from school.
well, no…they say they are canadian because canadian-born-canadians are discriminatory against people from other ethnicities maintaining a hyphenated identity. ive lived here pretty much my whole life and in many different provinces and its the same racism across canada.
I've lived in Toronto for my whole life and I must say, I haven't been racially divided. I may have been, but it was subtle enough not to offend me. The key to fighting racism is not to make everyone feel the SAME; but for everyone to embrace each other's DIFFERENCES.
People asked me if I liked Indian music. I'm nowhere near Indian, Pakistani or any cultures of that sector of the world – my nose makes me look as such. I kindly said that I haven't listened to it nor know anything about it and moved on. Many people would have taken this as 'racist', but it was actually people saying they accept other cultures and that they were interested in it.
Racism is in Edmonton but it is a different type of racism than straight racism. If you are oriental in Edmonton you have it made as a colored person. But if you are a person with dark skin then be prepared to experience some very smart racism that may mess up your life in important ways. Most likely you will experience racism in employment and very few white people will associate with you outside of work.
Uhh…you used the word "ethnic" in the wrong context. Sheesh…please North AMericans..revise yuor English skills before attempting an article on multiculturalism. Ethnic does not mean non-white.
And this article does not tell the entire story of immigrants & discrimination. Even non-Canadian whites face discrimination when it comes to obtaining jobs. Also, non-English speakers & people from cultures/religions that are hostile to women etc often face "discrimination" due to their unwillingness to integrate into Canadian culture.
Yes, that's why I used the word ethnic to refer to Indian, Chinese, Pakistani immigrants as well as Portuguese. At the time that Canada's Multicultural Act was developed, some our largest ethnic groups were in fact "white": Greek, Italian, and Jewish. These groups, by the way, were largely discriminated against on religious grounds rather than the colour of their skin. Since 1976 the Canadian Census has taken a broad view of ethnocultural identity: in 2006 there were almost 30 groups with which a respondent could identify, including a number of Aboriginal groups, French, English, Jewish, and Canadian (these won't appear in the 2011 Census since the long-form questionnaire has been discontinued). In the U.S., the Census asks both the respondent's race (e.g. American Indian, Black, White, Asian as defined in the U.S.) as well as ethnicity (Hispanic/Non-Hispanic Other).
I doubt that any one article could tell "the entire story of immigrants and discrimination", but the section on pause times is particularly illustrative of how non-English speakers might fare in an English-speaking workplace.
LOL hahaahaha love that you made a typo !
I live in Toronto for 20 years and racism has always been present and everywhere we go. In many medical offices and hospitals, I figure racism is the strongest, especially a white doctor will give more care and attention to white patients or a black nurse will not help an Asian patient. The diversity model fails to function well under the conservative government.
When you live in a country and carry its citizenship and people keep asking the conventional question…"where are you from?", this can be looked at by alot of people as one form of racism of let's put it mildly a means to single out someone.
When you're told that you've been admitted to come to Canada for your skills and qualifications and on starting the job hunting process you're faced with the fact that you cannot be hired because you have no "Canadian" experience, this raises so many question marks. I certainly think that they only need to people to come and do all purpose general labour work and that is it.
I love this place for its provision of safety, stability and protection only. Professionally and socially, you have to strive and struggle to become "acceptable" by the society more than any other part of the world.
This is a one sided blog by people who either weren't born here, or have dual citizenship and try to devalue Canada because they spent most of their life somewhere else. Try to make sure they get the Canadian citizenship as insurance though. Citizenship of convenience its called. What a bunch of hypocrites, as we Canadians say if your don't like us go back to where you came from since it was so great that you left it to come to Canada in the first place. Do you see how you look (transparent and full of BS). You are so insulting and Canadians can spot you a mile away.
This blog is written by one person, Ren Thomas, who was born and raised in Canaada. "We" do not say go back to where you came from. "We" also appreciate the diversity that makes this country so great, and don't believe that spending several, or many, years of our lives in other countries diminishes "us" as Canadians. Once you've lived in other countries you realize what a rare example of integration and acceptance Canada is, despite the fact that racism is still present to some degree.
There are many varieties of racism or prejudice in Toronto. What about every white immigrant with a non anglo sounding name? Since those groups are not "visible minorities" according to the common understanding of the term, I suppose they are "invisible minorities". And that is much worse.
I also witnessed personally prejudice coming from those "visible minorities" in their hiring processes. Ontario Provincial Government for example has a very large groups of people from Caribbeans and there is no chance in hell they would allow anyone else joining their teams. The hiring process goes along the lines of belonging to the same group – unionized hiring managers will take care of it appearing "legal" etc. There is no need for professional qualifications, education, etc. Just being one of the pack is enough to be hired.
I am mixed white race whose family came around 1610. I lived in toronto from 1989-1995, but I would not live there now for any price. I started to feel overwhelmed with all the different cultures which caused anxiety for me as where I grew up its all white, christian and everyone only speaks english (canadian culture). I do not like how canada is changing. For ex. we just ordered food for canada day and the foreign lady did not trust our credit card (although she took the money( and started we would a have to show a photo ID plus do other paper work just to get a food delivery! Then the guy who shows up is around 60 a new immigrant with very limited english. He passed the food and keeps saing ADD TOTAL ADD TOTAL ( I did not get what he was meaning then I did- he was asking for a tip! so we left him not a PENNY and he stormed off.
Then last week I was on the bus and it was not that packed so I placed my grocery bags on the seat beside me. More got on and a moslem college girl came and asked me to move the bags to sit and I said im not moving them (as there was no where to put them). So then she proceeded to placed her heavy white purse on top of my groceries and she left it there! I had cream in my bag and also bread which she squished. I was ripping mad!
Then u get foreign cab drivers here who if your a single woman they take u on a day trip and pretend to go a better way and charge u three times the amount they should. This happens especially if they know u are new here but even when u live here. Why is it in my province the drivers are white and they never do this- they dont rip off people and they also help u if u have bags to take them out of the car or help old people…….
…If you're on a bus, it is plain and simple, very rude to keep your things on a seat where a person has to sit. You keep the groceries on your lap or at your feet, or get a lift from a friend if you have no car. Granted the girl didn't need to put her purse on your things, but you were the first one at fault.
If you think that it's great everyone speaks English, I have news for you. China is rising, and the world isn't going to be pure English anymore.
In an increasingly globalized world, the space and tolerance for views such as yours is rapidly shrinking.
Hi, interesting reading all your comments, I was born in London 50 yrs ago, to Sri Lankan parents. Had a hell of a lot of racism inflicted growing up,seems a bit better now, but deep down, and not that deep, its still a difficult place if you have a different look to the English.
Saying that,their taste buds have changed from fish and chips to Chicken Tikka Masala, guess that's a start?
Lets see what the next 50 yrs will bring about.


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Sitting on the Couch Too Much Can Change Your Personality
Andrew Fiouzi July 31, 2018
Doing nothing is actually doing a lot (none of it good).
Sitting on your butt and not doing anything has always been a recipe for dying young (exercise is good for you, yo). But according to new research, being a couch potato also could change the type of person you are before your untimely death.
According to Scientific American, Yannick Stephan, a psychologist at the University of Montpellier in France, found a strong link between lack of exercise and declines in character traits. Stephan and his team combined data from The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and The Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), two large, survey-based studies in which participants had answered questions about their exercise habits and health. "Stephan and his team found that subjects who reported being less active had greater reductions on average in conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness and extroversion — four of the so-called Big Five personality traits — even after accounting for differences in baseline personality and health," reported Scientific American. Though the changes in the traits were small, the link with exercise — or lack thereof — was relatively strong.
James Galvin, a professor of integrated medical science at Florida Atlantic University, says that although personality is a fairly stable trait, based on his research he too has noticed the link between physical activity and changes in a person's personality. "It's a little bit of the chicken-and-the-egg question," says Galvin. "People who are less active are more susceptible to a whole host of other issues. Those medical conditions are also associated with changes in personality and traits."
When Should You Just Give Up on Yourself?
Adam Elder July 11, 2019
One example based on Galvin's own research is the link between lack of physical activity, neuroticism and Alzheimer's disease. "Our research has looked at physical activity and muscle mass and strength as a potentially strong indicator of future Alzheimer's disease," says Galvin. "Low physical activity is a predictor of neuroticisms and neuroticism is a predictor of Alzheimer's."
Furthermore, Galvin says that those who are less active early in their lives tend to be more obese and have a higher risk of developing heart disease and diabetes. "Those medical conditions are also associated with changes in personality," says Galvin. "Basically, you're setting up a long-term chain of events that has some bad downstream consequences that lead to changes in personality."
With regard to the study out of France, Galvin says that there are some limitations to the study, foremost among them the fact that the data was collected in midlife. "The researchers don't know what their [participants'] life was like in young adulthood," says Galvin. "When you start collecting things at midlife, we don't know what could have happened prior to midlife that could have put those factors in play."
Still, it's a worrying thought, so how much does the average person have to do to prevent themselves from falling into this trap? Galvin says defining a threshold is a bit challenging because everyone's circumstances are different: "It's going to vary — [for] a person who's never exercised, just getting them off the couch is going to have a great effect. But a person who was athletic for most of their young and midlife, the same added benefits may not be true."
He does, however, suggest that at minimum, a moderate level of activity — defined as a brisk walk for about 20 minutes a day, three times a week — is a good start. Which means if you don't want to turn into a close-minded, unhappy jerk later in life, you might want to consider not binge watching another season tonight.
Body & Mind Exercise Health Lifestyle Mel
Basic Grooming: How to Beat the Butt Rash


Sara Hiom, director of early diagnosis at Cancer Research UK, said: "When symptoms are picked up quickly and bowel cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, 9 in 10 patients survive but when it is detected in the late stages, survival falls to 1 in 10.
"Research like this is helping us find out how we can make improvements for people from more deprived groups who most need support. The NHS has been trying to reduce unplanned hospital visits for many years, so this is a challenge that the Department of Health & Social Care needs to factor into their plans if they want to reduce health inequalities and increase the number of free hospital beds. Improved access to, and availability of, GPs could help.
This study looked at emergency admissions three months before and after a diagnosis, and three months before death.
Emergency hospital admissions are defined in this study as unplanned admissions to hospital either through Accident & Emergency or in-patient admissions where the reason was coded in hospital records as an emergency due to clinical need.
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Q: Splashscreen activity launches every time I have tried going through so many solution none worked for me. I have
Slpashscreen > MainActivity > other Activities ...

Now when i press
Enter first time it should
Slpashscreen > MainActivity > HOME BUTTON >  other Activities

Second time Resume  Directly( Do not show me slash screen )
MainActivity > other Activities

Can anyone help me.
I tried using
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP and tried launchMode="singleTask" for slpashscreen as well as main activity ( all possibility) still not working

A: its Splash Screen not slpashscreen i think.....here is one solution call the obj of the main activity into splash screen ans add splash screen into main method....use threads with splash screen ....

A: Define one flag (IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED default false) for SplashScreen and save it in either sharedpreference or in sqlite databse.
With in oncreate() of MainActivty check the flag (IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED), if it is false launch SplashScreen and set the flag to true and save it , After fev seconds finish the splashscreen.
If it is true dont launch Splashscreen.
Note: You should finish splashscreen by calling SplashScreen.this.finish() in SplashScreen Activity.

A: Here is the solution :
This is
public class SplashScreen extends Activity {

    private ImageView loading;
    private TextView loadingTx;
    private AnimationDrawable loadAnimation;

    private SharedPreferences prefs;
    private String prefName = "MyPref";

    private static final String  IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED_STR="Is_Slpash_Screen_launched";
    private static final String THROUGH_LAUNCH_SCREEN_STR ="Trhough_launch_Screen";

    private String TAG = SplashScreen.class.getSimpleName();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_splash);

        RelativeLayout loading_screen_layout = new RelativeLayout(this);

        DisplayMetrics display = this.getResources().getDisplayMetrics();

        int screen_width = display.widthPixels;
        int screen_height = display.heightPixels;

        RelativeLayout.LayoutParams loading_params = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(100, 100);
        loading_params.leftMargin = (screen_width/2)-50; // to put this exactly on center we are going half the width of screen minus half the width of Roter
        loading_params.topMargin = (screen_height*2)/3; //two third down from top

        RelativeLayout.LayoutParams loadingTx_params = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(130, 100);
        loadingTx_params.leftMargin = (screen_width/2)-50;// to put this exactly on center we are going half the width of screen minus half the width of Roter
        loadingTx_params.topMargin = (screen_height*2)/3 +100;//two third down from top plus the height of roter

        setContentView(loading_screen_layout);
        loading_screen_layout.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.launch_screen);

        loading = new ImageView(this);

        loadingTx = new TextView(this);
        loadingTx.setText("Loading...");
        loading.setImageResource(R.drawable.loading);
        loadAnimation = (AnimationDrawable)loading.getDrawable();

        loading_screen_layout.addView(loading, loading_params);
        loading_screen_layout.addView(loadingTx,loadingTx_params);

        /*
         * Showing splashscreen while making network calls to download necessary
         * data before launching the app Will use AsyncTask to make http call
         */
        new PrefetchData().execute();

    }

    private class PrefetchData extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {
        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            // before making http calls
            //Log.e("JSON", "Pre execute");
        }

        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... arg0) {

            //getting only first 10 results from JSON scrolling
            JSONPageResults.getFirstPageResults();

            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);
            // After completing http call
            // will close this activity and lauch main activity
            Intent i = new Intent(SplashScreen.this, MainAppActivity.class);

            i.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
            startActivity(i);

                     //****************This is where i have used Shared Preference *****

            prefs = getSharedPreferences(prefName, MODE_PRIVATE);
            SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
            editor.putBoolean(IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED_STR, true);
            editor.putBoolean(THROUGH_LAUNCH_SCREEN_STR, true);
            editor.commit();

            finish();
        }
    }

//  //can't start animating in OnCreate, so start when window becomes in focus
    @Override
    public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus){
        loadAnimation.start();
    }
}

While in Main Activity i retrieved information in onCreate()
public class MainAppActivity extends Activity {

private SharedPreferences prefs;
private String prefName = "MyPref";

private static boolean IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED;

private static boolean THROUGH_LAUNCH_SCREEN;

private static final String  IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED_STR = "Is_Slpash_Screen_launched";
private static final String THROUGH_LAUNCH_SCREEN_STR ="Trhough_launch_Screen";

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    Resources res = getResources();
    Log.i(TAG,"Activity Created ! ");

    //onNewIntent(getIntent());

    prefs = getSharedPreferences(prefName, MODE_PRIVATE);
    IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED = prefs.getBoolean(IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED_STR, false);
    THROUGH_LAUNCH_SCREEN = prefs.getBoolean(THROUGH_LAUNCH_SCREEN_STR, false);
    if(!IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED)
    {
        Intent launchSlpash =  new Intent(this, SplashScreen.class);
        startActivity(launchSlpash);
        return;
    }
}

I have also made MainAppActivity LAUNCHER Activity and then opening Splashscreen activity if not opned.
</activity>
        <activity
        android:name="com.mvyas.amazon.SplashScreen"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:screenOrientation="landscape"
         >

    </activity>

    <activity
        android:name="com.mvyas.amazon.MainAppActivity"
        android:screenOrientation="landscape"
        android:launchMode="singleTask"
         >
         <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

A: I recommend to write seperate class for saving and retrieving data like this :
import android.content.SharedPreferences;

    public class PreferencesData {

        private SharedPreferences prefs;
        private String prefName = "MyPref";

        public static final String  IS_SPLASHSCREEN_LAUNCHED_STR      = "Is_Slpash_Screen_launched";
        public static final String THROUGH_LAUNCH_SCREEN_STR ="Trhough_launch_Screen";

        public static void putBoolean(String ID) {
            // write code for putting data into sharedPreference
        }

        public static boolean getBoolean(String ID) {
            // write code for getting data from sharedPreference
        }

    }


The Cardinia Civic Concert Band has had a busy start to 2018. We have performed at two events as part of the Shire's Summer Music Series, a terrific initiative providing free concerts to residents and visitors to our Shire. We have also just performed at the Pakenham Show, another great local event.
Our own free family fun day will be held at Cardinia Lakes on Sunday the 25th of March and is sure to be a great day out for the whole family with live music, free giveaways and a sausage sizzle. So make sure you pack a picnic and bring the family down to this amazing free event.
Looking forward, we are honored to once again be playing at many local ANZAC Day events so keep an eye out for more details of those events.


It became noticeable around 2003 that the demand for paper maps was going down. This was largely due to the rise of technology with GPS units becoming more affordable. In the years since, technology has become even more advanced with most people having smartphones with mapping capabilities. Paper map printing was reduced to save money, which is still continuing with many suppliers making the decision to stop providing maps completely, like the state of Washington, which quit printing them in 2009. Many people don't even think twice before heading out on a trip without a paper map because they completely rely on their digital mapping technology.
Paper maps, however, have some advantages over digital maps that can't be ignored. To begin with, they play into nostalgia. Many people remember family road trips where the trusty map became the tour guide and there was always the fight to fold it back up properly.
Another benefit is they allow you to chart your own course. GPS systems are designed to lead you down the quickest or shortest path, usually along main roadways. They don't consider going "off the beaten path." You can't really explore and get to see the sights that you only find when you venture off the main roads.
Finally, technology can be tricky. Sometimes signals get lost or dropped, which is a huge problem when it comes to digital maps. If you lose your signal, you lose your map. Technology isn't always reliable either. Glitches or other issues could lead you astray. Without a paper map, you're lost.
The future of paper maps may still be in question. However, it is hard to deny that they are still useful. When technology fails, a paper map will always be there. While they certainly aren't perfect, they do offer a safety net. So, even if you always have your cell phone map app on hand, it's a good idea to still keep a handy paper map around just in case.


text:
Stories from Thursday, May 10, 2018
Mary Yvonne Bivens (Obituary ~ 05/10/18)
Mary Yvonne Bivens, 72, died Monday, May 7, 2018. Funeral services 12 noon Friday at Bird Street Church of Christ. Burial at Willow Mount Cemetery. Visitation begins at 11 a.m. Arrangements: Nelson & Sons Memorial Chapel.
Robert W. Biggers Sr. (Obituary ~ 05/10/18)
Robert W. Biggers Sr., 76, died Monday, May 7, 2018. Funeral services 12 noon Saturday at Bird Street Church of Christ. Burial at Ray Family Cemetery, Unionville. Visitation and Masonic service 6-8 p.m. Friday at Nelson & Sons Memorial Chapel.
Farm Bureau honored (Business ~ 05/10/18)
During the Tennessee Farm Bureau Federation's 96th annual convention at Franklin's Cool Springs Marriott, 12 county Farm Bureaus were recognized for reaching the highest standards possible in membership, programs and teamwork. Those counties are Obion, Weakley, Bedford, Giles, Lawrence, Maury, Rutherford, Coffee, Overton, Putnam, Sullivan and Washington. "The Pinnacle Partnership Award is the highest recognition a county Farm Bureau may receive. It encompasses the highest standards and is evidenced by the cooperation between volunteer leaders, agents and staff," said Tennessee Farm Bureau President Jeff Aiken. Seen here, from left, are Tennessee Farm Bureau Federation President Jeff Aiken, who recently visited Shelbyvile to congratulate the local Farm Bureau on the award; Bedford County Farm Bureau President David Womack; and TFBF Vice-President Rhedona Rose. (Submitted photo)
Eakin students assist dog rescue (Local News ~ 05/10/18)
The Einstein Ambassadors, a group of fourth and fifth grade student leaders at Eakin Elementary, completed their annual school to community project. The Ambassadors program at Eakin is a leadership program for model students that display exceptional behavior, excel in academics, and are willing to do great things for the benefit of others. This year, the students chose to help New Destiny Dog Rescue here in Bedford County, owned by Donna Armstrong Clanton and Kelly Skelton Weise. The students encouraged the entire school to bring in items to donate. As a school, Eakin collected 93 items for this great organization! The Einstein Ambassadors club is led by Amanda Wallis, Regina McGriff and Kari Tisma, who are teachers at Eakin Elementary.
Destinations & Diversions: Big & Rich & fish & cars & Fools & spaghetti (Entertainment ~ 05/10/18)
The Senior Citizens Center's Spaghetti Dinner and Auction fundraiser will be held this evening. Dinner will be from 5 to 6 p.m. with a live auction starting at 6 p.m. Tickets are $6 and can be purchased in advance at the center, or at the door the day of the event. Carryout orders will be available. For more information, call 684-0019...
FCB ranked highly in U.S. for stockholder benefit (Business ~ 05/10/18)
First Community Bank has been ranked highly by American Banker magazine for its three-year average return on average equity (ROAE), the benefit it gives to stockholders. The bank was 20th in the nation, and the highest Tennessee institution, on a list of banks with under $2 billion in total assets...
Truly a champion (Local News ~ 05/10/18)
NFL Hall of Fame member Bruce Matthews presents Brooke Sudduth of Cascade High School with her award commemorating her as one of 25 national finalists for the US Army-NFL Pro Football Hall of Fame Award for Excellence. Sudduth was honored for athletic and academic excellence and for her efforts to fight cancer, which has struck both her parents. She is a star pitcher for the Cascade Lady Champions and boasts a 4.0 grade point average.
Matt Insell joins father at MTSU (College Sports ~ 05/10/18)
MURFREESBORO — Middle Tennessee has hired former Ole Miss Head Coach Matt Insell as an assistant women's basketball coach. "We are excited to add Matt to our coaching staff," Middle Tennessee Head Coach Rick Insell said. "He brings to our program a wealth of coaching experience and a strong background as a recruiter. I believe we are adding a terrific coach who has been a head coach in the SEC to an already solid staff."...
Special award, special person: Cascade's Sudduth honored (High School Sports ~ 05/10/18)
By now, Brooke Sudduth's name has spread wide and far — and not just for her prowess on the softball field. Sudduth was recently announced as one of 25 national finalists for the US Army-NFL Pro Football Hall of Fame Award for Excellence. The award selects 25 high school student-athletes who are chosen based on their excellence in academics, athletics and the community...
Thomas seeks second term as county clerk (Local News ~ 05/10/18)
Donna Thomas of Shelbyville has announced her candidacy for re-election as Bedford County clerk as an independent candidate in the Aug. 2 general election. Thomas, a native of Bedford County, has served in the position for the past four years. Her husband, Mark Thomas, is the Bedford County Fire Chief and County Commissioner for the 9th District. ...
Jury duty claims are fake: Authorities (Local News ~ 05/10/18)
Calls informing area residents they must pay money or be arrested for missing jury duty are scams, law enforcement officials say. At least three Shelbyville residents, who had not been summoned for jury duty, have received similar calls, said Maj. Pat Mathis of the Shelbyville Police Department. The callers claim to be representing the Bedford County Sheriff's Office and ask for money transfers...
Ticked off, again: Insect season returns with warm weather (Local News ~ 05/10/18)
The bad news is that insect season is here, and that brings the risk of tick-borne and mosquito-borne illnesses. The good news is that, despite reports of Lyme disease in other parts of the country, there have been no cases so far this year in Tennessee Department of Health's South Central Region, which includes Bedford County...
Shelbyville Times-Gazette E-Edition


text:
"""
Lonely Planet Models visible on Django Admin
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import

from django.contrib import admin

from .models.country import LPCountry
from .models.place import LPPlace
from .models.sight import LPSight

admin.site.register(LPCountry)
admin.site.register(LPPlace)
admin.site.register(LPSight)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
filter your search All ContentAll PublicationsAnesthesiology
Author Resource Center
Submission Advice
Journal Opportunities
Enhancements Index
Correspondence| April 1969
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW
Anesthesiology April 1969, Vol. 30, 476.
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. Anesthesiology 1969; 30:476 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-196904000-00030
2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade
2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting: Carbohydrate-containing Clear Liquids with or without Protein, Chewing Gum, and Pediatric Fasting Duration—A Modular Update of the 2017 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting
2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway
ASA Physical Status Classifications: A Study of Consistency of Ratings
Uptake of Halothane by the Human Body
STOP Questionnaire: A Tool to Screen Patients for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Online First Alert
Anesthesiology Featured Articles Alert
The Effect of Altered Cerebral Blood Flow on the Cerebral Kinetics of Thiopental and Propofol in Sheep
Anesthesiology (October 2000)
Lack of Hypercapnic Increase in Cerebral Blood Flow at High Blood Viscosity in Conscious Blood-exchanged Rats
Anesthesiology (August 2001)
Phenylephrine Increases Cerebral Blood Flow during Low-flow Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Baboons
Effect of Halothane on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Metabolic Oxygen Consumption in the Fetal Lamb In Utero
Anesthesiology (September 1987)
Local Cerebral Blood Flow, Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization, and Flow-Metabolism Coupling during Sevoflurane versus Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats
Anesthesiology (December 1998)
ASA Practice Parameters


text:
Ndemic Creations brings Plague Inc. onto Steam with help from Auroch Digital
February 04, 2014 / Codey Dyer
Updated! The game is now out on Steam Early Access. There is much more info on the game's official page. Also see this article on Polygon.
The reception has been excellent so far;
The trailer is below:
Twitter and Facebook have been a-buzz with the recent news that the developer of smash hit mobile title Plague Inc will be releasing the much anticipated desktop version, Plague Inc: Evolved very soon. Auroch Digital is proud to announce that we have been working with Ndemic Creations to help make Plague Inc. on desktop a reality. The new version will see the same captivating gameplay with the addition of multiplayer, user-generated content and much more. Plague Inc: Evolved launches to Steam Early Access on the 20th February. The game's official page can be found at plagueincevolved.com and can be followed on Facebook and Twitter.
February 04, 2014 / Codey Dyer/
game development, games and science, general buzz, plague inc
games, ndemic creations, plague inc
Codey Dyer


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text:
__БЕЗКН__

-{Geroptera}- је ред карбонских крилатих инсеката сродних вилинским коњицима, који обухвата само једну фамилију, пронађену у фосилним налазима у Аргентини. По појединим карактеристикама ови инсекти наликују и представницима групе -{Palaeodictyopterida}-. Екологија ларви, која би разјаснила основне кораке у еволуцији палеоптерних инсеката, и даље је непозната.

Литература

Инсекти

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Psychology of the teenage mind
Story by Makenzie Hofert, staff writer | January 17, 2020
Story by Peyton Sims, culture editor | December 31, 2019
Story by Grey Johnson, staff writer | December 20, 2019
Lies that parents tell
Story by Emma LeFors, staff writer | December 17, 2019
Rekindle Christmas
Story by Doug Kyles, staff writer | December 16, 2019
Shows you liked as a kid that you still like now
Story by Stephanie Jumper, staff writer
Everyone has that one guilty pleasure show. It's a program that, despite how entertaining it may be, you would be mortified if someone caught you checking out its latest...
It ends here
Story by Logan Diggs, news editor
Most people have phobias ranging from big, hairy spiders that seem like they crawl faster than the speed of light to feeling like they're in a dark raging sea when in a pool....
13 things you should do besides watch '13 Reasons Why'
"13 Reasons Why", a critically acclaimed Netflix original series, has been working effortlessly over the past two and a half years to glorify suicide, sexual assault and...
Passion for fashion
Story by Peyton Sims, staff writer
Fashion trends come and go, and as we embark into a new year, people are becoming interested in new clothing combinations. However, it can be quite difficult to put together...
The kick that fits
Nike and Adidas have been competitors since what feels like the beginning of time. Both brands have proved to be worth every penny in the quality and durability they're made...
Fashion trend sweeps school
She wakes up and jumps to her feet with fifteen minutes to spare. After staying up all night studying, she definitely doesn't have time for a shower, much less the process...
Shopping the web
The world is constantly moving at a high speed: fast vehicles, fast interwebs, fast news. But what's even better is a fast delivery of the things you desire such as clothes,...
Back to school style inspiration
As the school year goes on, your closet begins to be strung thin. It's easy to surrender to the T-shirt and leggings look, but you don't have sacrifice looking your best...
What are you really eating?
Story by Makenzie Hofert, staff writer
As soon as you get home from school, you go to the kitchen and grab a box of cereal to make an afternoon snack, but what are you really eating? Insect fragments, maggots,...
Top types of food Texarkana needs to have
If there's one thing that unites all people, it's food. Everybody likes to eat. However, Texarkana, despite its abundance of American and Mexican options, is deprived...
Diet or deny it
When it comes to weight loss, there is no shortage of pills, detoxes and teas advertised to help shed the extra pounds. But do weight loss pills work, and are they healthy? "I...
Milk, that refreshing beverage that reminds you of childhood. The sweet drink usually paired with fresh baked cookies. Nowadays, it seems as if there isn't just the plain...
Monsters and Bangs
"Caution: This product contains caffeine and should not be used with any other caffeine products." You shrug the warning off, despite the red flags it plants in the depths...
Story by Ruth Heinemann, staff writer
Freddie Mercury, Michael Jackson, Madonna and Prince— all musical icons from the 80s. Although it has almost been 40 years, many songs from that time have not lost their...
Latin pop culture take over
Story by Andrea Loredo, staff writer
Latin music has been a big part of the music industry in the United States for the past few years, but it has been overlooked because of the popularity of American artists....
The burdens of fame
Stage lights. Giant crowds. Fans stand in the audience with their hands raised in worship as they sing along with their favorite Christian singer. Fame can be viewed as a...


Audrey E. Coaxum is an influential leader with more than twenty-five years of relevant experience involving many facets of healthcare operations. She is recognized for having an exceptional ability to analyze systems and processes, create best practices, develop policy and procedures, as well as, diverse methods that are compliant, proactive and geared towards eliminating waste and revenue losses, while enhancing operational efficiencies and achieving strategic goals. Audrey has a sterling reputation across the healthcare community as a customer-service oriented strategic problem solver and trusted advisor. She has extensive knowledge and experience in leadership development, medical billing and coding, reimbursement and comprehensive clinical and business operations.
Audrey has served as a C-suite executive for many organizations where her skills as a progressive analyst afforded her the opportunity to champion initiatives involving the implementation of Value-Based Payment Models and the benchmarking of Key Performance Indicators in productivity, patient volume, budget performance and clinical quality outcomes. Motivated by her desire for change and to overcome concerns, she has overseen a range of activities directed towards the evolution and refinement of quality improvement, risk management and practice administration needed to diminish the day to day challenges facing today's medical practices.
Audrey's professional interests focus on various aspects of compliance that streamline operations and enhance profitability without compromising quality of care. As a strong advocate of hands-on, inquiry based learning, she currently spearheads activities related to compliance education and training. She conducts audits and reviews to identify trends, issues and potential areas of risk to assist her in developing technology-infused training programs geared towards educating clinicians, administrators and support staff.


text:
Cleveland Clinic reports $134 million operating income for third quarter
Cleveland Clinic's working revenue improved considerably within the third quarter of 2020, however not sufficient to make up the loss it reported earlier within the 12 months, leaving the system with a $107 million working loss for the nine-month interval ending Sept. 30.
This resulted in an working margin of -1.four% via September, in comparison with an working revenue of $267.6 million (a three.four% working margin) for the like interval final 12 months.
The Clinic attributes that to a 2.2% lower in whole unrestricted revenues (pushed by the suspension of nonessential procedures between mid-March and Might four) and a 2.7% improve in working bills.
The system has acknowledged $351.6 million of Coronavirus Help, Aid, and Financial Safety (CARES) Act Supplier Aid Fund funds and $9.three million of Worker Retention Credit, which partially offset the lower in income.
Taking a look at simply the third quarter of 2020, the Clinic's working revenue of almost $134 million was larger than the $115 million for the third quarter of 2019.
This was a big turnaround from the second quarter, by which the Clinic posted an working lack of $201.eight million. On the time, Steven Glass, the system's chief monetary officer, mentioned he anticipated that to be the worst quarter of the 12 months.
From January via September of 2020, in contrast with 2019, the Clinic stories that acute admissions decreased by 7.four%, whole surgical instances dropped by 17.eight% and outpatient analysis and administration visits decreased by 10%, which all contributed to the general working loss for these 9 months.
The monetary report notes that internet affected person income benefited from charge will increase on the Clinic's managed care contracts that turned efficient this 12 months.
Total, the Clinic's extra of revenues over bills for the primary 9 months of 2020 was $49.three million, in contrast with $1.27 billion for the like interval in 2019.
Different notes from the report:
COVID-19 and the British authorities's social distancing restrictions have slowed building on the Clinic's London facility, which had been slated to open in spring 2021. Now the system is planning to finish building by September of subsequent 12 months and welcome sufferers in early 2022.
Final summer season the Clinic introduced plans to construct a brand new 400,000-square-foot Neurological Institute constructing on its predominant campus and increase the Cole Eye Institute so as to add greater than 100,000 sq. ft of house. For every, the monetary report famous that "the system is re-evaluating the scope and timeline for this challenge because of the COVID-19 pandemic. A portion of the development prices are anticipated to be raised via fundraising efforts and donations."
The Clinic can also be re-evaluating the scope and timeline for its plans to construct a small hospital on 47 acres of vacant land in Lake County, introduced early final 12 months. This Mentor Hospital continues to be within the planning and design section with the dimensions of the power and scope of companies but to be decided.
"The Energy of Each One," a philanthropic marketing campaign launched in 2014 with the aim of elevating $2 billion by the Clinic's 100th anniversary subsequent 12 months, has acquired pledges, money and different property of roughly $2.1 billion, as of Sept. 30.
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