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David Biggs and Richard M Bennett
Biggs and Bennett NCMA Champions
David Biggs, principal of Biggs Consulting Engineering in Saratoga Springs NY, and Richard M Bennett, PE, PhD, professor and director at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville were presented with NCMA's Champion Award at the association's Midyear Meeting in Seattle WA.
The NCMA Industry Champion Award recognizes individuals who make significant contributions in roles beyond what can be accomplished by the association alone. It honors these meritorious contributions that support the advancement of the use of concrete products.
The first individual not employed by a member company to be appointed to the NCMA Education and Research Foundation Board of Trustees, Biggs was recognized for his vision, leadership and passion for advancing concrete masonry design and construction.
Since selling his interests in Ryan-Biggs in 2010 after 33 years, he has worked to develop building codes and to preserve historic structures around the world.
An adjunct professor and educator over the course of his accomplished career, Biggs helped develop the Hybrid Masonry Structural Building Concept, a precursor to a project funded by the National Science Foundation to research seismic response of such structures.
Following September 11, 2001, Biggs was a member of the Building Assessment Team assigned to investigate the World Trade Center disaster for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) where he helped assess and investigate performance of structures in and around Ground Zero.
A mason's engineer, he's been instrumental in several turning points for the industry including serving as program coordinator for the Building Information Modeling for Masonry Initiative.
An award recipient already many times over – including the The Masonry Society's (TMS) President's Award in 2016 – Bennett was nominated by ten different individuals who collectively demonstrated the highest admiration for both the career and work he has put forward. As peers, they have also recognized his legacy for the vision, leadership and passion that have contributed to advancing concrete masonry design and construction.
Bennett chaired multiple TMS subcommittees and served as chair during some of the most important cycles. He is recognized by many as the most prolific developer and reviewer of code change proposals, integrating some of the latest and greatest practices into TMS 402/602. He is also active in ASTM Committees C12 and C15, bringing these practical and material-based procedures back to his classroom.
Newsome Inducted into NCMA HoF
Charles Newsome, retired executive vice president of Johnson Concrete and general manager of Carolina Stalite, in Salisbury NC, was inducted into The National Concrete Masonry Association's Hall of Fame at the annual Midyear Meeting.
Individuals enshrined into NCMA's Hall of Fame have demonstrated exemplary leadership and service to the association and industry through a distinguished career. Inductees also become Honorary Members of NCMA.
A leading voice and visionary in the industry, Newsome was NCMA's Chair of the Board in 2013 in addition to serving on countless committees throughout the years, he also chaired the Carolinas Concrete Masonry Association, the Expanded Clay Shale and Slate Institute and was instrumental in establishing NCMA's Young Professional Group (YPG).
He has been an ardent champion of the checkoff program for concrete masonry and actively supported both NCMA and the Mason Contractors Association of America political action committees.
In addition to the milestones he's achieved in business, his role as a philanthropist is just as exemplary. He personally led efforts to raise necessary funding and implement project to bring improved and more reliable electricity to the Zambian village of Mwandi, remodel a hospital, construct a church and other projects.
"A place in the NCMA Hall of Fame is an honor bestowed upon the finest individuals who have come through for our industry. It shines a light on a lifetime of service, leadership and excellence. It recalls milestones achieved by deserving honorees that have benefited all of us," said Robert Thomas, NCMA president. "We really could not be more proud to have this opportunity to celebrate his career."
BIA Annouces New Chairman
General Shale CEO Charles Smith succeeds former BIA Chairman Davis Henry, president, Henry Brick, Selma AL, who will remain as past chair. Smith is a 28-year veteran of Johnson City TN-based General Shale, a top clay brick manufacturer in the US and Canada. General Shale is the North American subsidiary of Wienerberger AG, the world's largest brick manufacturer.
BIA's membership also elected Joe Rice, CEO of Belden Tri-State Building Materials, New York NY as vice chair; Jim Stradley, president of Cincinnati OH-based Division 4, as treasurer; and Mark Ellenor, president of Glen-Gery, Wyomissing PA as new secretary.
TMS Names New President, Honors Members
The Masonry Society (TMS), the educational, scientific and technical society dedicated to the advancement of scientific, engineering, architectural and construction knowledge of masonry, made several announcements at their fall meetings in Scottsdale AZ. Among them: Christine (Tina) Subasic, PE, LEED AP, consulting architectural engineer in Raleigh NC was named TMS President. Subasic has been a member of TMS for more than 25 years and has served in numerous leadership roles including Vice President, Secretary/Treasurer, Board Member, Chair of the Sustainability Committee and Editor of the Society's Sustainability E-Newsletter. She was introduced by Past-President, Darrell McMillian as the Society's first female President. McMillian thanked Subasic for her tremendous leadership and support to date. He was pleased to turn over the Presidency to Subasic due to her knowledge, expertise and vision. 919.845.2683 | csubasicpe@aol.com
Dr Fernando Fonseca, Professor at Brigham Young University, was presented with the 2019 President's Award. TMS President Darrell McMillian selected Fonseca for his excellent leadership of the recent 13th North American Masonry Conference (NAMC) and his continued service as a Committee Chair, and most recently as an Associate Editor of TMS Journal. Fonseca has been teaching and conducting research in structural engineering for 20 years including several recent masonry research projects. He is Chair of the Structural Members Subcommittee of TMS 402. The President's Award is to recognize an individual who has made exceptional contributions to the Society. 801.422.6329 | fonseca@byuedu
TMS Board of Directors, based on recommendation from its Awards Committee and a strong nomination package, has named Scott Walkowicz, PE, owner of Walkowicz Consulting Engineers, as a Fellow of the Society. Walkowicz was nominated based on his significant contributions to the Society and the design of masonry. He is a Past President of TMS, leading the Society to grow and expand its focus. He is current Member of the Technical Activities Committee, a Member of TMS 402/602 Main Committee, as well as the Design and the Reinforcement and Connectors Subcommittees for the TMS 402/602 Committee. He served on the Administrative Committee Team, continues service on the Awards Committee and Meetings Committee. To qualify for Fellow status, a TMS member must have made outstanding contributions to the Society and have been a member for no less than 10 consecutive years. 517.648.9319 | scott@walkowiczce.com
The 2019 Paul Haller Structural Design Award was presented to Thomas Gangel, of Wallace Engineering Structural Consultants. The Haller Award is given to an individual engineer or firm that has enhanced the knowledge of masonry in practice. This award recognizes the beauty, elegance and economy of structural masonry. Gangel's experience has included all types of masonry construction throughout the US in areas of high wind loading and high seismic loading. His practical approach to design has been noted by other designers. He readily shares that knowledge with students and young designers. He is the current Secretary for the Design of Masonry Infills Subcommittee. 800.364.5858 | tgangel@wallacesc.com
The TMS Service Award was presented to Kurt Siggard, Director of the Concrete Masonry Association of California and Nevada, past Board Member and Fellow of TMS. Siggard volunteered to lead Membership Recruitment Task Group formed by TMS Board of Directors to develop new innovative ways to encourage new and renewing memberships. He led this group through the early 2019, offering ideas and insights to promote TMS Membership. 916.722.1700 | kurt@cmacn.org
Redland Brick and Sioux City Brick Acquired
Brickworks NA, parent company of Glen-Gery since 2018, recently acquired substantially all of Redland Brick's assets related to its Cushwa, Harmar, Rocky Ridge, Lawrenceville Brick and Tru-Brix product lines. These well respected products will join the Glen-Gery family of brands.
Taking a leading role within the brick industry, Brickworks continues to drive its strategic plan for expansion and industry consolidation. The Redland Brick acquisition comes on the heels of Brickworks' August 2019 acquisition of Iowa's Sioux City Brick. According to Brickworks NA President Mark Ellenor, "We are seeing strong growth in the demand for high-quality, innovative brick products for broad commercial and residential applications. To meet this demand, investment in modernized brick plants and robust R&D efforts are essential. Consolidation of brands and facilities is the key to strengthening the market and securing the future. Brickworks is pleased to lead the industry in innovation and promotion of brick."
Headquartered in Williamsport MD, Redland Brick operates four manufacturing plants and produces a complete line of handmade, molded and extruded face brick, pavers and thin brick for the architectural and residential markets. glengery.com
Ledent Named MIM Executive Director
Philippe Ledent joined Masonry Institute of Michigan as the next Executive Director and Structural Engineer. Current Assistant Executive Director Dan Zechmeister will be retiring at the end of 2020. In the meantime, he will mentor Phil during 2020 on the various programs and activities of the robust MIM agenda with 134 members including mason contractors, masonry material and accessory suppliers, as well as architects, engineers and general contractors as informational members. Ledent is already out actively recruiting new members. Dedicated to promotion and advancement of the masonry industry, MIM launched theStoryPole educational magazine and marketing tool in 2001, predecessor of SMART | dynamics of masonry, to promote the unparalleled structural wall system initiative that MIM began some 15 years ago. The magazine educated architects and structural engineers on the benefits and added value of designing masonry for all its worth using its myriad intrinsic benefits and its inherent beauty.
Next was the structural masonry wall system design software distribution launch, when the Michigan Masonry Coalition (MMC) was formed to further promote the value of this initiative through Lunch & Learn presentations and software training sessions for architects, structural engineers and general contractors/ construction managers. As a result, Michigan has hundreds of cost effective structural masonry buildings with great added value. Ledent looks forward to following in the footsteps of his predecessor and shares his passion for masonry. MIM provides generic wall details online for all to benefit from. These include new energy code requirements, dew point analysis and best practices. This year will be the 45th annual Excellence in Masonry awards recognition. Funds raised from 43 annual golf outings have sponsored 196 annual scholarship awards to local architectural, structural engineering and construction management students. Through the MMC, MIM works with the local Michigan IMI and BAC.
Ledent serves on The Masonry Society (TMS) 402/602 Masonry Code and Specification as a voting member on the Design and Structural Elements Subcommittees. He is new chairperson of the TMS BIM-M Subcommittee. Previously, he was one of two structural engineering consultants promoting masonry design through the MMC.
Most recently, Ledent worked at Fishbeck in Grand Rapids as a Senior Structural Engineer. Previously, he was the Discipline Leader of Structural Engineering at Bergmann in Lansing.
He earned both Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in Civil Engineering from Lawrence Technological University. Ledent is registered in seven states as Professional Engineer (PE) including Michigan. He is also registered in Illinois and Hawaii as a Structural Engineer (SE). 248.663.0415 | phil@masonryinfo.org
Scanlon Leads New England
Coming from the hardscape segment of the industry, Brian Scanlon, executive director, brings a fresh attitude and perspectives to the New England Concrete Manufacturers Association | Reinvesting in the Industry.
Scanlon looks forward to bringing these industries together in collaboration with designers and contractors. "Designers today like to meld buildings into their landscapes, opening new and classic materials into their environments," states Scanlon. "We plan to bring new ideas and innovations to develop new markets for masonry materials such as outdoor gathering spaces for commercial and institutional venues repurposing harmony with buildings as vessels to improve what is surrounding. We want to wake up architects to ideas for new possibilities to create outdoor gathering and working spaces defined by masonry with dazzling aesthetics. Working together. The NECMA can present these new concepts through marketing to readily develop new markets for masonry.
"We look forward to investing CHECKOFF funding when it becomes available in a significant marketing initiative to help us grow market share. We want to make masonry cool again. And to keep the traditional masonry resilient local flavor throughout New England. SMART| dynamics of masonry will be an important educational tool to help us reach and influence designers in Boston and the entire New England area." 774.402.0653 | bscanlon@necma.com
Utah Masonry Council Announces Stallone as New Executive Director
Barbara Stallone brings a broad background in nonprofit development, business development, public relations and public policy. She creates an environment for motivated and enthusiastic participants. Currently, she is engrossed in obtaining grants from the Utah legislature for bricklayer apprenticeship funding.
Stallone holds both an MBA and a Master of Management and Leadership from Western Governors University and Bachelor Degrees from the University of Utah. Previously, Barbara served as Development Director at the Family Support Center. Before that, she ran her own consulting company, working on social policy issues and helping several candidates win seats in the Utah Legislature. Before her consulting work, Barbara was the Director of Policy and Public Relations for the Utah Housing Coalition and Grants Manager and Public Policy Analyst for Volunteers of America, Utah. 801.638.1494 | utahmasonrycouncil@gmail.com
Cassie Mejia is new program director for the Arizona Masonry Council. Mejia was born into the masonry industry as her family's 4th generation. She has grown to love the permanence and the art of masonry as her favorite toys during childhood were colorful and textural clay brick. While most children were learning about building with Legos, Cassie practiced stacking real brick into small enclosures gracing her front yard.
Growing up on jobsites learning safety first hand, she quickly became safety coordinator when she officially began as a project coordinator for Rhino Masonry, and later Hobbs Masonry. Her first assignment was McCord Hall, home to the WP Carey School of Business at Arizona State University, an amazing project. Mejia is now enjoying her new role as Arizona Masonry Council program director. 602.262.0510 | cassie@AZmasonry.org
Andrea McChesney New Executive Director at Canada Concrete Masonry Producers Association during summer of 2019 after leadership development, sales and management background at Lafarge Aggregates and Honeywell Building Solutions in Ontario. McChesney inherited a very strong program advertising the sustainability of concrete masonry continuously projecting facts on fire, winds and floods. CCMPA will see a crystallized strategic plan in 2020 that is a robust process being designed collaborativelywith members and across industry. McChesney holds degrees from The University of Western Ontario (BA) and Wilfrid Laurier University, (MA). 365.323.5024 | a.mcchesney@ccmpa.ca
SSOE Elevates DiPofi SSOE Group announced Vince DiPofi, PE, as its new President and CEO in December. He replaces Bob Howell, who has retired. Throughout his more than 35-year AEC industry career, 19 of which were at SSOE, DiPofi has demonstrated his leadership with a get-things-done mindset.
DiPofi brings to the position an inspiring vision, challenging the organization to use technology to dramatically increase flow efficiency – re-thinking design and construction and daring the firm to improve how they do the work. 419.255.3830 | ssoe.com
Andrew Dunlap Named Building Technology Studio Leader at SmithGroup
Dunlap joined SmithGroup in 1999 and has built 20 years of experience in architecture and construction. A recognized authority in the field of exterior building envelopes and thermal analysis, his expertise has helped to resolve complex technical issues at historic architectural gems like the Smithsonian Institution's Arts & Industries Building, Washington DC; the Eliel Saarinen-designed Cranbrook Art Museum, Bloomfield Hills MI; and the Kennedy Federal Building, Boston MA.
Dunlap will now serve in a leadership capacity for key projects and managing studio operations. He will also identify opportunities to grow the group's portfolio, cultivating relationships with SmithGroup's existing client base and engaging strategic new client targets across the country. 313.442.8186 andrew.dunlap@smithgroup.com
Lynn Donahue DiPetta
Lynn Donahue DiPetta Celebrates 40 Years in the Brick Industry
DiPetta was the first female bricklayer in Central MA, joining the Bricklayers Local 39 in 1979. In December, DiPetta received her 40-year pin from the Bricklayers and Allied Craftsmen Local 3 Boston.
Over the years, she has run her own masonry company, written a memoir, created the Brick by Brick Foundation to inspire young people to reach higher through building trades and construction and she continues to be a huge resource for the industry as a brick sales representative for Consolidated Brick and motivational speaker. She is locally known as The Brick Lady and knows everything about brick! info@brickbybrick.org
Billy Wauhop Remembered President of Billy Wauhop & Associates and industry leader, Wauhop died peacefully January 5, 2020. He was an inventor who designed and built block plants and equipment used in block production in North America and Europe. He was active in promoting the use and advancing the technology of concrete masonry with more than 45 years of involvement in the concrete masonry and hardscape industry. In 2018, he wrote a history of concrete masonry unit production for SMART|dynamics of masonry's v4.2 commemorative issue for NCMA's 100-year anniversary.
As a NCMA member he chaired and was active on numerous NCMA committees including Freeze-Thaw Durability, Production Technology and Operations, Recycled Materials, Codes and Standards, Masonry Technical and SRW Technical. Within NCMA, he may be best remembered for his leadership of the Political Action Committee. He most recently chaired the task group organizing NCMA's 100-Year Anniversary Celebration in 2018, when he was inducted into the NCMA Hall of Fame and presented with NCMA's highest recognition, the Lifetime Achievement Award.
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Bei Erwerbermodellen handelt es sich entweder um zumeist ältere Wohnanlagen, die von Investoren aufgekauft werden und in Eigentumswohnungen umgewandelt werden oder um noch fertigzustellende Eigentumswohnungen bzw. Häuser.
So genannte Strukturvertriebe entwickeln anschließend ein Finanzierungskonzept und bieten diese Immobilien auf dem Markt an. Fast immer steht bei der Vermarktung der Objekte die Steuerersparnis im Vordergrund.
Seit ca. 20 Jahren gibt es dieses Konzept in Deutschland.
Erwerbermodelle gehören zum Bereich des Grauen Kapitalmarkts.

Der Begriff hat Eingang in die Rechtsprechung gefunden.
Bei stark überteuerten Erwerbermodellen hat sich  in der Rechtsprechung der Begriff Schrottimmobilie eingebürgert.

Siehe auch
 Einkünfte aus Vermietung und Verpachtung (Deutschland).
 Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft

Literatur
 Michael Thorn: Haftungsrisiken der Bank bei der Finanzierung von Immobilienkapitalanlagen am Beispiel des Erwerbermodells. VVF, München 2000, ISBN 3-89481-406-3.

Wohnungseigentumsrecht (Deutschland)
Wohnungsmarkt
Steuerrecht (Deutschland)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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B-Project è un progetto giapponese di idol virtuali maschi prodotto da Mages. Una serie televisiva anime, sottotitolata  e prodotta da A-1 Pictures per la regia di Eiji Suganuma, è stata trasmessa tra il 2 luglio e il 24 settembre 2016, mentre un manga dal sottotitolo , disegnato da Mizu Morino, ha iniziato la serializzazione sulla rivista Cheese! di Shogakukan il 24 maggio 2016.

Personaggi

Doppiata da: Hisako Kanemoto / Asami Seto

Doppiato da: Shōtarō Morikubo

Doppiato da: Genki Okawa

Doppiato da: Yūto Uemura

Doppiato da: Tetsuya Kakihara

Doppiato da: Toshiki Masuda

Note

Collegamenti esterni
  Il sito ufficiale.
  Il sito ufficiale dell'anime.
  B-Project: kodō ambitious sul sito di ABC.


Applying earthquake home design : Henderson Concept House. WA.
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Feel free to use the earthquake proof homes photograph that I served even though you are in tropical or desert countries like Iran, Armenia, and Burundi. Download by right clicking your mouse right on the Enchanting photograph, then give this good quality photograph to your home architect to be applied soon.


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Al Jassim
Abdulmalik
Advisor to the Board
Al-Obaidli
Al-Sultan
Nasr-eddine
El Khair
Bandar A.F.
Bin Moammar
Haitham
Mohammed is a seasoned banker with over twenty years of experience in the corporate and investment banking sectors. He spent his entire career with blue chip banking groups. He started his career in 1993 with JP Morgan Chase (Chemical Bank at the time), where he held various positions including Head of Islamic Banking Unit and Head of MENA Financial Institutions Group. He then moved to Lend Lease Real Estate Investment, which was at the time, the largest real estate asset manager in the world, to establish and lead its business development in the MENA region. Mohammed joined UBS Global Asset Management as Head of GCC Business Development. More recently, Mohammed managed the regional business development in the Middle East for Deutsche Bank Asset Management as its Managing Director of Alternative Investments. Regionally, Mohammed successfully worked on establishing, managing, restructuring, and merging a number of regional Islamic institutions. During that period, he assumed the role of CEO of Al Imtiaz Investment Bank, and Capivest Investment Bank.
Mohammed holds a BSc in Finance from Bahrain University, an MBA from Exeter University in the UK, and is a Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst.
Khalid Al Jassim has over twenty five years of investment banking and corporate advisory experience gained with some of the most innovative and groundbreaking institutions in the world. His career started while attending his Executive MBA program in 1991 with AST Research out of Irvine, California which is one of the first movers into the PC and laptop markets in the United States. In 1993, Khalid joined National Chemical Industries Corporation, a subsidiary of SABIC in Saudi Arabia, as Head of Marketing. After that, he joined the Advisory Division of Arthur Anderson in Bahrain where he led a number of high-profile engagements such as the Arab Open University with HRH Prince Al Waleed Bin Talal and the automation of the private office of HRH Prince Salman Bin Hamad Al-Khalifa. In 1998, Khalid joined Arcapita and was instrumental in forming its vision, mission and strategy. His responsibilities started in the earlier years with establishing the Investment Placement Team ("IPT") and transforming it into one of the most robust teams in the industry. Later on, his role evolved into managing the IPT with a personal focus on the key strategic relationships of Arcapita. At the time that Khalid left Arcapita to build his personal business, he was an Executive Director and a member of the Management Investment Committee, the Management Administration Committee and Head of IPT.
Khalid holds a BSc. in Computer Science & Mathematics from California State University Long Beach, and an Executive MBA from Pepperdine University, Malibu, California.
Adnan brings a wealth of regional and international experience gained over almost four decades of senior involvement in the academic, investment, and regulatory fields. He started as an investment analyst at KFTCIC in the late 1970s and rose to become the Chief Investment Manager of the Direct Investment Department at the Kuwait Investment Authority ("KIA"), a position he held from 1991 to 2002. After his time with KIA and up to 2012, Adnan served as Chairman and Managing Director of National Technology Enterprises Co., a KD 100 million wholly-owned subsidiary of KIA, aimed towards servicing major stakeholders in Kuwait with their technology needs through global affiliations with blue chip institutions. Throughout his career, Adnan had extensive involvement in the academic world as a researcher, an educator and a senior advisor to a long list of prime academic and regulatory institutions.
Adnan holds a BA in Business Administration from the University of Kuwait, and an MBA and PhD in Economics from Claremont Graduate University in the United States.
Nasr-eddine has an enviable track record of building successful businesses in the region in association with some of the most recognized global and regional institutions. During his early career, he spent time with Ernst & Young in Paris, and later with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva as an Associate Fundraising Officer. His first business assignment in the region was with TAG Heuer S.A., Neuchatel in 1996. Based out of Dubai, Nasr-eddine spent four years growing the Company's business through building local relationships with institutional and family distribution partners in thirteen countries including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, India, Iran, and Pakistan. By the time he left TAG Heuer in 1999, its regional turnover had increased by five fold. Later on, Nasr-eddine was part of the core-team that spearheaded the development and growth of McKinsey & Co. ("McKinsey") in the Middle East. During his time with McKinsey, he co-founded the Islamic banking line of business and led McKinsey's "family-owned business" initiative by serving leading regional family-owned businesses. After his time with McKinsey, he co-founded Eastgate Capital Group, an affiliate of National Commercial Bank in Dubai and transformed it into one of the largest regional players with Commitments under Management of USD 1.3 billion. In early 2015, Nasr-eddine focused on directorship roles as well as advisory work.
Nasr-eddine holds an MSc degree in Science of Management with a focus on Finance & Investment from HEC (Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales) in Paris.
Marshall is the founder and CEO of Monarch Realty Advisors in the United States. Well-known by many of the biggest institutional investors in the world as an astute real estate investment professional that led the US investment business for Lend Lease Real Estate Investment, which was, at the time, the largest in the US institutional real estate advisory market. His institutional real estate advisory experience spans over twenty years in roles of ascending responsibility at Lend Lease Real Estate Investments and its predecessor firms, Equitable Real Estate and Richard Ellis. Marshall started his career in 1984 with Richard Ellis' US advisory arm where he was Vice President of Acquisitions, responsible for building client investment portfolios including multiple offshore clients with investment values ranging in size from USD 90 million to USD 1.1 billion. During his tenure as an Executive Vice President at Lend Lease Real Estate Investments, Marshall led the firm's International Group, and the development of its international client base while continuing to directly manage the portfolios of several of its most important clients' accounts. In 2000, Marshall assumed the role of Head of Real Estate Operations for Lend Lease, with responsibility for the firm's entire capital transaction and asset management organizations. In 2002, he assumed leadership of Lend Lease's Portfolio Management organization with USD 10.9 billion of assets. Marshall founded Monarch Realty Advisors in 2004 to provide institutional level advisory services to high net worth investors and institutions.
Marshall holds a B.S. degree in Business Administration from the University of North Carolina and an MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, both with academic honours.
Ali Al-Obaidli has over twenty five years of extensive experience in professional management and strategic planning which culminated in the strong performances that he consistently demonstrated working in various institutions and navigating the turbulent local economy in Qatar. His experience spans across many fields such as commercial banking and investment banking in addition to real estate development, management acquisition and disposition. Ali's professional career started as an Assistant Professor of Finance at Qatar University, which was followed by holding several senior positions, the last of which is Group Chief Executive Officer of Ezdan Holding Group, the largest listed real estate company in Qatar.
Ali holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Qatar University, and an MBA in Finance from the University of Oklahoma in the United States.
John is a well known and seasoned banker who has held a number of board directorships with leading institutions such as Qatar Holding, Qatar Abu Dhabi Investment, Knowledge Universe, Pavilion Real Estate Fund, Ahly Capital, the National Bank of Egypt, and Chairmanship of the Board of Directors of the Islamic Bank of Britain as well as the Family Office B.S.C. in Bahrain. He is currently on the Board of the Central Bank of Egypt and a member of the Monetary Policy Committee. In 1993, John was appointed Head of Investment Banking - Middle East for the Chase Manhattan Bank. In 2000, he served as Managing Director and Senior Corporate Officer for JP Morgan for the Gulf region. In 2006, John joined Qatar Investment Authority ("QIA") as the Advisor to the CEO. In 2007, he set up Qatar Holding ("QH") to undertake direct investments for the State of Qatar and was appointed as its first CEO. QH went on to execute investments into Cadbury, Barclays, Credit Suisse, the London Stock Exchange, VW / Porsche, The Pavilion, which is Malaysia's retail and residential landmark,, and the sale of 25% of the Doha Securities Market to the New York Stock Exchange. In 2010, John set up the Bahrain-based Elkhair Management Consulting Co. to provide independent advisory to select clients.
John graduated from La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia after completing a Bachelor degree in Economics.
Bandar has more than twenty five years of professional experience in executive and leadership positions with several corporations, joint-stock, family-owned, and limited-liability firms in the fields of investment, marketing, communication, media, tourism, and entertainment, along with memberships in a number of councils and committees across the public and private sectors. In 1998, Bandar founded Mawrood Enterprises as a business development, consultancy, communication, and marketing firm, through which he provided his advisory services to a number of elite organizations such as the Capital Market Authority, Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, Ministry of Education, King Abdulaziz Foundation, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Foundation, ARAMCO, SABIC, Riyadh Municipality, Council of Saudi Chambers, and Eastern Region Chamber of Commerce. He has developed high skills and capabilities in establishing and implementing strategies, forming distinguished teams and transferring knowledge, implementing transformation methodologies for organizations with forward-looking vision and the ability to meet challenges and adapt to circumstances. His investment, financial and leadership expertise led to his nomination for membership of various committees within several institutions including the Public Investment Fund, and Sidra Capital. In recent years, Bandar held the position of Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Taif Investment and Tourism Co. ("Taif Sama") and led its development, diversification and growth.
Bandar holds a Bachelor of Arts (Honors List) from California State University, Long Beach.
Haitham has more than twenty years of leadership and managerial experience in conventional and Islamic banking with emphasis on alternative investments, asset management, and banking operations. He is currently serving as an Advisor to the Board of Dubai-based Afkar Holding Limited. He started his career in 1999 with BBK and held several managerial roles in operations, investment, and research & business development. He served on various managerial committees and led a CEO-driven Bank-wide process improvement project that contributed to bottom-line savings and enhanced efficiency and resource utilisation. As he developed a distinct passion for alternative investments, Haitham joined Arcapita and soon established himself as one of the leading relationship managers, where he worked on various private equity and real estate transactions across the US, Europe and Asia. His last position with Arcapita was Director, where he was responsible for private and institutional shareholder and investor relationships across the region with a focus on the UAE. Haitham joined Credit Suisse AG as a Director and worked across its offices in Zurich, Geneva, and Dubai while being based out of Bahrain. He was responsible for private and institutional coverage and distribution across the GCC for private banking and asset management. He later on moved to Gatehouse Bank in London as a full-time consultant advising the Bank on expanding its platform and operations in the GCC. Haitham also served as Chief Executive Officer of Investrade, a category 1 investment firm regulated by the Central Bank of Bahrain. He was responsible for formulating its new strategy, upgrading risk management and regulatory frameworks as well as expanding the business lines and regional coverage which included the establishment of an affiliate office in Istanbul. Haitham also served as Director and member of the senior management of SICO, a regional wholesale bank specializing in asset management, M&A advisory and brokerage.
Haitham holds a BA (Honours) in Public Administration and Management from the University of Kent, UK and an MBA from the prestigious Durham University, UK. He is also a member of the Association of MBAs (AMBA), UK.
© Afkar Holding 2021. All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Designing a Pythonic Interface
Video in TIB AV-Portal: Designing a Pythonic Interface
Honza Král - Designing a Pythonic Interface When designing an abstraction for a complex system (an ORM-like library in our case) you face a lot of design decisions and challenges. This talk details how we chose to tackle those when designing elasticsearch-dsl. ----- The json query language for elasticsearch, as well as its other APIs, can be very daunting to new users and can be a bit cumbersome when working with python. That is why we created elasticsearch-dsl - a sort of ORM for elasticsearch. We will go through the design philosophy and obstacles found during the development - trying to make a more pythonic interface for elasticsearch while maintaining access to all of the features of the underlying query language. The focus of the talk is more on the library and interface design than on elasticsearch and its query language itself, that is used only to demonstrate the principles.
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good morning but please welcome our next speaker of on the ground will be talking about designing and by tonic interface thank you hello
and good morning president
said Meyer mining using technology like to talk
to you about designing iconic interfaces and and very high probability for for my talk which only occurred to me later is an illustrated guide to this as you all know what
happens in pipeline if you if you type in the on this you get sort of a mission statement so I went to my house I want to
come in and of how it should look and how it should behave and that is what really this talk is about how to take those principles and apply
them to designing an interface to us to a foreign system traverse a little little motivation what what brought me here and that's
that's a lasting the company that I work for where I actually create a part of a Python client for 6 search search and Alex engine and it's not at
all important for this talk but what is important is we'll be using it for some for some examples of don't be don't be alarmed if you see some trees and somewhere in there so as get to it so important this the design of Python as as I said of guiding set of principles and I've always liked them we know they sound cool and they they
really make sense to me but I always struggle a little bit how do you want actually apply
the have you apply them to code does that actually transfer like it doesn't make any sense In this talk I would like to share how I actually discovered or maybe I just rationalize it away and it doesn't really quite matter probably of how we discovered how we use these principles when I design a new API and how why actually apply
them in real life In because I actually said by
a lot in just in the past sentence a little bit of disclaimer is in place this is of obviously my personal opinion this is what I
find that works for me and also some of you that may have seen my code and documentation or lack thereof so please do as I say and not as I do because I certainly am not enough perfect and uh might code that fully reflects the self and
a could talk begins with the definition of right so API what do we mean by API what we mean by by an
interface so forward for this talk in particular we mean a Python API interface tool of foreign so something that will allow you to talk to a 3rd party system in our case of elastic search and this is something that typically you don't need in Python and Python is complete right you can write absolutely anything in Python so you don't need these interfaces you can communicate directly especially in case of life like Elastic rejection just speaks and she the injuries on you can just use requests or any other favorite HDP library and talk directly but that's not really what you want to do you don't want to keep for discovering the the wheel and that's why we have API it's the sum somebody created an API to
make things simple to but to hide away the complexity so you might talk about an API in this case that it is a
service for for the real goal for the cold that actually does the work for the application code and there is
a huge difference between the the code of the API and the code of the application the real code because the API is really doesn't really apply for a specific use cases because the API doesn't know anything about the real close so it can be used by many different people in many different organizations and hopefully it will be like that's sort of what you hold for when you create an API right that people will use it that it will spread so and the application on the other hand is always written to solve a specific purpose so the API fulfills contract for forward that
code and the contract can be either explicit or
implicit it can either be explicit by documentation you can document the contract can say these are the methods these are the responses and that's probably something that you should have by the way but you can you can also
have sort of an implicit contract of cultural 1 if you please l which sort of of makes the API behave as you would expect that it should be it should be natural and you should be able to rationalize and and to think about the API and avoid any any surprises that sort of what you want for the users of your API to be able to use it as if it were part of the system to not having to think about it too much but 1st of all we need to we we need to address some of the issues with the API the 1st 1 is that the API is bigger
then then application code and yes they actually had to look this up it is an actual word I
wasn't sure for what it is
actually it is actually accepted by the dictionary it the the British protest again what a surprise so it is a lot bigger it doesn't really know what it's going to be used for an application coder-specific it solves and it solves a problem you create an application to scratch an itch to add to that deliver a solution to your customer or to power your product but your API can be used in so many different ways that you never you never know and making any sort of assumptions on how your API is going to be used is can be very can be very difficult so ultimately the API is just a tool and you always have to keep that in mind that it's a tool that should be a but that anyone should be able to
wield to create action and it's a tool to simplify access and to
simplify access the crucial part there's the and we have our 1st line from this apply for simple is better than complex complex is better
than complicated and that is the purpose of the API to actually facilitate this this line to take something that would be complicated opening of socket creating an HTTP headers sending it over grading adjacent body sending it over receiving some responses determining if everything went OK etc. etc. that's definitely unnecessary complex and that applies to
to anything if you want to work with HTTP you also probably wouldn't start with Ross and but you would use something like requests of of of well-designed library that just gives you exactly the functionality that can mean in a way that you can do that you can you so that's that's what the simplifying access is about it's about hiding
complexity so this is a query for 206 search don't worry if you if you don't understand it but essentially what this is is I'm looking for something that at that matches Python and the title it must not match later in the description so I'm looking for release I'm of filtering only those packages in categories search and I wanted do some aggregations I wanna see the distribution of tags and the maximum lines so just some just some query assuming assuming a dataset and that's where is not important what is important is that there is a lot more things on the screen then what I just write and I recall that this does In
the end I could just printed out with the relevancy score and the and the title of the words of the document so there isn't really a lot a a lot of things actually going on but there is a lot of things that are being tied there so how do do we how do we simplify that how do we hide the
complexity well this is what I came up with and I'll spend the rest of my talk explaining to you why and how liking what with that I always see some people cringing because they fuse the school before it's never a good sign OK so In this case I try to extract only the things that are relevant only and the stuff that I actually write only the action items are not really not really all that great all the boilerplate code and to me that's what an API should do it should hide away all the boilerplate while leaving all and that's that's the crucial part living all of the important parts they're just some but all of the important parts and and that sort of the
embodiment of another line of this and thought the explicit explicit is
better than implicit so while I I did away a lot of the complexity
i didn't hide away the crucial parts and that's sort of the very important decision what to hide and what not to 5 because you can always go
then the next step you can always imagine how you could make this even simpler than for example just creating some sort of query language where you just say the 3 words and say this should be there the student and this must be there as a filter etc. but at that point it's it's getting hard to read it's getting harder to get into it's getting harder to reason about so be explicit and and in in the word of cold what that means is when you're hiding from of complexity to hide the mechanics do not hide the meaning so if you're doing an HTTP request with request you still have to know what is the difference between GET and POST and people that is the meaning that is so the mechanic which you don't really want to know about this about sockets and and passing of HTTP headers you just want a convenient access to it so that's mechanics that something that you should hide away that something that it's not specific to the problem that specific to the implementation so this is sort of how will help you to uh how you draw the line looks to high in 1 of 2 so if
we look into into the the origin along the orginal code and so you get you see I've highlighted the parts that are actually just the mechanics I'm sorry about this and where you see that I would I would call query which which is we branches must must not and filter and those can be those can be very confusing and also they don't matter they don't come they don't carry any information they're just out of the way that the query DSL the language and search users based on trees and how it expresses how to combine other query it is it is the
house is reasonable walked in the case this is not what you want to do this is how you want to do it and this is something that I I don't want my of my users to have to know In order to use my life however I am fully comfortable and forcing them to know all the rats so ieee that's all
that I had I never I never had the match or for the term wearing so this is the
meaning you still have to know what is the difference between a term query match query and how to do how communication in this case the negation is in Python so we should all be familiar with it but that's the meaning that's the same as requests still asking you to know the difference between age you get an HTTP POST if I if I had this way it would make
a lot of a lot of people's lives easier but then you would have a very narrow ceiling after which there's nothing there's nothing you can do and also this means that I don't have to teach my users everything they can just use the skills that they already have by understanding the query itself secured itself on the other side the request example of people understanding each GPU nation methods I don't have to reinvent that it's already there
people already know it so all I have to do is give them access to In a similar thing goes for forward goes for the results
here I have some some crazy dictionaries with with underscore source and underscore score that can be a little difficult and again it just there's no meaning 90 per cent of the time just 1 access to the fields or alternatively the matter fields so again just abstract away hided and also provide a more convenient way to access so instead of square brackets and quotes and underscore source in every single line just use the book title so this is something that just simplifies the mechanic while not actually taking anything away also and it's good to fully admit to the link so In this case still showing all the different all the different query types of all the different aggregations you see that I still force of the users to name their obligations just as they would in the in the word cell so
they can them and get them back in the results it's a very thin extract layer exactly because I want people who use search in some other context maybe from another language may be directly through the browser or the command line I want them to be more effective I don't want them to have to learn to get another told to do what they already can do and also once they learn this true I don't want that to go to waste if they have to change something
else or if they have to ask for advice line if I if I created my own complete where language and then I had to ask someone on the internet so this is what I'm doing that all 6 search can you help me all the answer will be no because nobody else will understand that world so the standardization the aliki extraction here is very very important and very deliberate and it is also because well I'm lazy and I don't want to rewrite the entire documentation of all 6 search what word of what was that so that's sort of
a another guiding guiding principles be familiar present to the user something that they that they know from somewhere else whether it said that whether it's a universal concepts like of different types of
HTTP requests or a different types of queries gnostic search or something that's already been used before so don't be afraid to just shamelessly from that you've seen around so essentially could
some of the the library that created the security itself as a combination of these 2 things and the 2nd 1 we've already seen that just using the the role of search API and the 1st 1 well that's jingle words so that they borrowed some some
patterns from GenGO some patterns from all 6 search and combine them together so for example that the training is the fact that every additional filter whenever you add a filter you will get return a copy of the of the query that comes from that comes from that's something that people expect or at least are a familiar with and then you have all the different all the different query
types that come from from our success so hi from people who want to use 6 search should be familiar with both of these concepts and the API should feel home to them should feel familiar they shouldn't be surprised and they should be they should be effective so
one-sided that turn into and to
another will be consistent once you figure out your approach to stick to it so special cases on special enough to break the rule so every single method that you have on the list of all the
search object in our security so will return you copy the the training works of justice expected n the other important part that people sometimes forget about when
talking about consistency is the naming main things consistently linking consistently with other systems much more exactly within your system always call it the same and that is both in your code and also in your in your documentation and of course only do this if this makes sense because practicality always beats security in in Python like we are we're practical people we you were not really interested in the in the your of purity
just for just for its say so don't be afraid to make an exception like trying to make 1 but if you have to that's OK so in our case we have we have the queries on some of the top that follow the pattern every time every call to the method will create a clone of the query object of mutated and return it however when I try to do this for for
obligations this just didn't work because aggregations can be nested and the 1st way how people of me including tried to represent nested aggregations would be just in this nested training called and at that point all broke down I couldn't no longer be creating copy after every after every call so I had to I
had to break the pattern so when you access as good and this is actually done in place so don't be afraid to break the world try not to but also keep in mind that it might happen that you just will have to and that's OK there's a Python cells so and a lot of people than me wrote that so I'm OK with that
another very important rules when designing an API is be friendly and friendly to your users and on both sides the friendly to the users of your API but also be be friendly to the system that you're trying to to simplify access and 2 means are the only known only as part of partly obvious because it's a pretty obvious to realize that Python is interactive a lot of people who use
Python from stuff like I like or the use
fancy used to explore the API eyes and you should you should be able to support its you should be able to hold them with that of by providing them all the tools that they could not that they could ever In the case of
Python those those are the 3 main 1 of their representation and then docstring which if if implemented properly will greatly held with no with actually allowing the users to explore that uh the API and start using it both the beginner users who just into your code for the 1st time in our just exploring around
and also the advanced users where this can greatly speed up the speed up the process of of for example that the representation of string
is often underestimated and can be super used of 1 of the most common questions together with elasticity of cell I had this crazy query in injuries on that somebody wrote or some
other generated how do I express this mean non-security itself policy that's easy you just create a query out of it by wrapping it in the in the few objects and just
ask for the representation and what you get back is exactly the code that will be that it would take to reconstruct that
just using just using the DSL library so that's what that really the representation strength should be
of a representation of the object that you can essentially retype into Python and get the same thing In some cases it's of practical if you have large objects obviously or you have something that can only exist at this once it's not that useful but in this case it is definitely definitely a very useful and it saves me a lot of time because this is something that I myself use quite often that I have this I have this crazy dictionary containing core user query with 10 different sub-queries and 50 obligations and I want to manipulate it and manipulating the dictionary itself is is quite difficult that's why fiber in the 1st place so I just rapid in the rapid and then you just get the query object that can work with and
then when I want to know put it in my code I can use the representation and and put it in there and of course of course docstrings b be nice to your users provide even some examples in your groups think those are the most useful if you if you're reading if you're reading
of header over method like this it's pretty well pretty evident what it does but if it were anything more more involved with more parameters is always nice to include an example right there both for when somebody is reading the code and also when somebody's just looking in their IPython on what's what's actually what's actually going on so that's 1 part by funding interactive that's the more obvious what the 2nd
part is enable iterative built because again there's an applied on teaches us that flat is better than nested and sparse is better than that so does that mean if you if you build something up if you if you
wanna build a sophisticated querying to also search you keep adding clauses 1st filter on this and on that and this aggregation in and if the user requested this filtering and this kind of filter so there is a complicated state that you need to remember what the query currently looks like it's a sign of a polite to PPI as I would call it that it doesn't force you to remember the state but it can store the state internal so you can use the API from the get go and start building your theory in this case for your plants in other cases and so you don't have to store everything yourself so in our case it looks like that's you can also
see that this enables for nice practices like commenting the code and actually explaining to you to the users what they're doing and I can go on line by line and very easily very easily be constructed even if you're new to the new to us search you would probably be more or less able to tell what this does especially with the problem so sure they're still some there so some magic there's still something that specific prospects we've talked
about the term and match in all the different weirdness of this and that's what overall this should not be surprising I I want to only filter category search and I want to match the title by following etc. etc.
but the most important part is I don't have to 1st build up some weird dictionary containing all the keyword arguments or represent the state in any way I can just keep creating and the adding to the search object can be be happy with that so iterative build its of this often something that's that's
underappreciated because it allows you to not care about this about the state which can be which can be very hard and finally when we're talking about being friendly safety is also very friendly you should always fatal explicitly unless unless explicitly silenced so all your
defaults I should I should actually be the safest possible so if you have
if you have any option failed for example 6 search will always give you a response even if only 20 per cent of
your data is available it will give you response and say OK I only see 20 per cent of your data but here have some have some results anyway and then it's up to the user to decide whether that's good for them or that the when faced with the decision like this what do I do I fail in this case or is it OK and going to leave it to the user I saved always fail but allow the user to override allow the user to say I am aware that this is a situation that might happen and I don't care but at that point you force the user to explicitly the
responsibility to maybe even do some some research you notice that that's something that of that I've repeated quite often during in this talk to not be afraid to force the user regular something about what they're doing and this 1 it's article important because take it deals with the just with safety and it helps prevent nasty surprises once the user moves to production also think about how
you test your code and how other people the code provide some
sort of of dumbing interface or maybe just as a set of test in this case classes of 4 for the your favorite testing libraries out there so that other people have a lower barrier to entry to do some testing essentially a beta testing don't made the testing as simple as possible because that's what you want to do ideally you already have some code like that's somewhere somewhere in there already because you should be testing the API so it's only a matter of expose the exposing that hot also to to your user journal test helpless or something In the final
chapter is about API still being cold it's different from an application code and we've we've highlighted the reasons house but it's also similar in in a lot of cases it needs to be tested things can change and you might need to you might need to adapt also there is a there is a lot of a lot of decisions going into how do you decide what goes
on and what doesn't what are what are the features that you want as part of your library as part of your API and what you leave serve as an exercise to the user do I provide this set of helpers y of y expose this functionality this this parameter or is it only used by by a very few people and there there are several several ways how to do that 1st of all is the actual decision but 2nd is that my favorite to avoid that decision and allowed the more advanced users to sort of always step away
a little bit and provide them access to the lower leg lower layer the more low-level API
In case of ElasticSearch I can always go 1 step back and just sending in of all dictionary if I don't want to create the the query using the iterative syntax that I just showed you I can always just created myself and at that point I don't have to care what options are
supported by the external and which are not going just do everything manually and send it back the same again it's not a novel idea it's the same with the doctor method on jingle various that's where you can just send in a sequel query when you don't want to rely only on to generate 140 so always allow access to the lower level if at at all possible and also at MIT that no code is
perfect and that goes especially for uh especially for API eyes because there are then than the actual application and when deciding what to include and what not but keep in mind the last line of survival that will deal with various now
is better than never will never is often better than right now and that's the that's the important and that's an important thing but when you don't know whether to include something or not it's perfectly fine to say no especially if you if you have a way for the user to move around you and so I always prefer to give them away or I'll Michael then to try and support all the different possible avenues through Michael because that can lead to a nightmare that can lead to a nightmare for my users with an overwhelming amount of options and Beverly foreign aid In a nightmare for me supporting all the different all the different combinations so so think about what makes sense and how hard it is to do it without
direct support in your if it means that when I'm not supporting this option the user will have to create a dictionary and send manually I'm OK with that if it means that they'll have to instantiate a new connection and talk to something directly and and do some other complicated stuff maybe not that much and I want to I want to provide them the functionality directly so have that's sort of the last part of how you decide what to support and what not to support and now I believe we have 10 minutes for questions and if you don't
get your questions answered or you just want yell at there is money there's my Twitter and if anybody
has any questions I think you were
at all and so the question so if we create a great API with expressive that expressiveness impacts don't you think that we're making the internal sources of the unit API more complex than we are to maintain can we enable itself and I guess there
there is there is no not necessarily a correlation between the complex and and the and the ease of use yes sometimes you might need to resolve to more complex things like using metaclasses and descriptors if you want to make things nice but it's not it's not necessarily true so it might happen but it's a but it doesn't have to there is there is no direct correlation thanks anyone else 2 gentlemen and
and what role do you think emulating built-in objects all using like Python types by the Boeing types comes into the uh writing a Python if you for
example when like when should you do you think that you should use dictionaries not supposed to cheese instead like material DSL for your particular thing as see so I I prefer to of again decide what can you take away and then compare the results so if if I use raw dictionaries and if I if I create my own thing what part of the pain goes away is enough to justify and the extra dependency the work that will go into the API etc. just sort of do this exercise in your mind like OK these things I can I can extract the way these things I can generate automatically so the user will only have to put in these these 4 things and then compare the results it might be that the differences wouldn't be big enough to justify creating a DSL at creating of of library from of both the point of putting the working and also forcing the people to to learn that so that's that's what I do like every every time i've sort of mock up how the API would look like and then I compare is it worth it or is it not to make sense the degree of influence of
questions in the beginning with questions you can just grab the confluence even begin to impose from here
@misc{tibav:21148, title={Designing a Pythonic Interface}, author={Král, Honza}, howpublished={EuroPython}, year={2016}, note={https://doi.org/10.5446/21148 \(Last accessed: 17 Jan 2021\)}, }
TY - VIDEO TI - Designing a Pythonic Interface AU - Král, Honza PB - EuroPython PY - 2016 VL - 39 DO - 10.5446/21148 UR - https://doi.org/10.5446/21148 ER -
Král, Honza: Designing a Pythonic Interface, episode 39, EuroPython 2016. https://doi.org/10.5446/21148


text:
Christianity Religion & Spirituality Lent New Testament Saints The Bible All Topics
Catholicism / Anglican / Henry VIII
Who broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in the 1540's and established the what?
Henry VIII broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534, and established the Church of England.
Where was the first Roman Catholic Church in Georgia established?
The answer is not Fayetteville. In 1796, Georgia's first Roman Catholic Church was Established in Wilkes County. Next, a second Roman Catholic Church was established in Savannah in 1801
Why are the Anglican and Roman Catholic Church built different?
Roman Catholic Answer Because the Anglican church is a protestant church established by a king to justify his sin, and the Catholic Church was established by Our Blessed Lord to justify men.
What was the Roman Catholic church?
Roman Catholic Answer The Roman Catholic Church was and is the Mystical Body of Christ. It is the one visible means that Our Blessed Lord established to save men.
Georgia's first Roman Catholic church was established in what county?
it was established in Wilkes County
What religion was the Roman Catholic Church?
Catholic Answer The Catholic Church was and is the only Christian Church that was established by Jesus Christ, therefore Her religion is Christian. "Roman" is an epithet attached to the Catholic Church, first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt.
What is the oldest Catholic church in Massachusetts?
St. John's Catholic Church, first established in 1834, is the oldest Roman Catholic parish church in Worcester, Massachusetts.
How was the Roman Catholic Church established?
Roman Catholic Answer The Roman Catholic Church was established from the side of Our Blessed Lord when He hung dead on the cross and was pierced by a lance. It was shown to the world fifty days later when He send the Holy Spirit on the Apostles, forming His Church and sending them out to preach and baptize all people.
How long did the Roman Catholic Church last?
The Catholic Church was established in 33 AD by Jesus Christ and is still around today.
When was the Roman Catholic Church established?
Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is rarely used by the Catholic Church. . The Catholic Church was established when Our Blessed Lord, Jesus Christ said to Simon "Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church..." see St. Matthew 16:17-19.
Georgia's first Roman Catholic church was established in what city?
fayetteville,Georgia
What was the special court that was established by the Roman Catholic Church to seek out and arrest heretics?
What was a branch of Christians which protested against the established church?
I think that would be roman catholic
When did Church of England begin?
The Church of England was established by King Henry VIII shortly after he separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534.
How do you use Roman Catholic Church in a sentence?
You would use the phrase Roman Catholic Church as a noun, because it's a name. For example, "The Roman Catholic Church is headquarted in Vatacin City" or "John is a member of the Roman Catholic Church". Tip: there is no Roman Catholic Church. It is the Catholic Church.
What is a sentence for Roman Catholic Church?
You would use the phrase Roman Catholic Church as a noun, because it's a name. For example, "The Roman Catholic Church is headquarted in Vatacin City" or "John is a member of the Roman Catholic Church". Tip: there is no Roman Catholic Church. It is the Catholic Church. . Catholic Answer Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is rarely used by the… Read More
Where did the Roman Catholic Church power come from?
Roman Catholic Answer The Roman Catholic Church was established by Jesus Christ from the Cross and was confirmed by the Holy Spirit on Pentecost who perdures in the Church until the end of the age. The Church is both the Mystical Body of Christ AND His most holy Spouse. Obviously any power that She has comes from God.
Is the Chaldean Catholic Church associated with the Roman Catholic Church?
There is no "Roman" Catholic Church: Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is rarely used by the Catholic Church. The Chaldean Catholic Church is part of the Catholic Church.
Who combined the Catholic and protestant to come up with Anglican church?
Roman Catholic Answer No one, the Catholic Church cannot be "combined" with anything. The Anglican Church is a protestant church that was formed by Henry VIII as he left the Catholic Church and then it was established by Parliament under his daughter, Elizabeth I.
What is the name of the Roman Catholic Church during the year?
The Roman Catholic Church or, simply, the Catholic Church.
Why was the Anglican church formed?
The Pope prohibited Henry VIII a divorce; so he "divorced" the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England.
Why was King Henry VIII important?
It was Henry VIII who pulled England out from under the authority of the Roman Catholic church and the Pope, and established the Church of England under the headship of the King. He did this because the Roman Catholic Church would not allow him a divorce.
How is christian church different to roman catholic church?
The Roman Catholic Church is a type of Christian Church.
Who established the Catholic church?
Jesus Catholic Answer God established the Catholic Church from the side of Christ, hanging dead on the cross, when it was pierced by a lance. It was later shown to the world at Pentecost when Jesus sent the Holy Spirit. ---- === A Catholic Answers === The Catholic Church believes and teaches that it was Jesus Christ Himself who established the Catholic Church during His time upon earth and following His death and resurrection. The… Read More
Henry VIII and monastries?
After breaking with the Roman Catholic Church, and the pope, Henry VIII became the supreme head of the English Church. He dissolved the monasteries (considering them useless and realed to Catholicism), and the revenues he gained from it were spent on his military campaigns in the 1540s.
What religion is the Pope is the head of the Roman Catholic Church?
Roman Catholic Answer You are probably not going to believe this, but the pope of the Roman Catholic Church is actually a Roman Catholic.
What is an Orthodox Roman Catholic?
Roman Catholic Answer An oxymoron, the Orthodox Church is a schismatic Church which broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in the twelve century.
Where was the Catholic Church first established?
The Church was originally founded in Palestine but quickly spread to all corners of the Roman Empire and then beyond.
What colony was established for persecuted Catholics?
It's just Catholic, not Roman Catholic. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the official Catholic Church. Maryland was established as a colony for persecuted Catholics, however, it didn't work out very well, as the protestants in the colony kept up the persecution.
Why is the Catholic Church so special?
Roman Catholic Answer The Catholic Church is special because it is the one and only means, established by Our Blessed Lord, Himself, in order to bring God to men, and men to salvation. Outside of the Church there is no salvation.
Why did King Henry VIII establish the Roman Catholic church?
He did not establish the Roman Catholic Church. He established the Church of England. He wanted to be both head of state and of the Church. The pope, the head of the Catholic church had a lot of power and influence, and he wanted that power Also, he wanted a annulment of his marriage that the pope wouldn't give him. So he made a new church.
Why was the catholic church unhappy with the reformers?
The Roman Catholic Church was unhappy with the Reformers because they went againist the Roman Catholic Church.
Can a Roman Catholic continue to worship and receive the sacraments in a Ukrainian Catholic Church?
Yes, Roman Catholics may worship and receive the sacraments in a Ukrainian Catholic Church and Ukrainian Catholics may do the same in a Roman Catholic Church. The Ukrainian Catholic Church is in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church and recognizes the pope as the leader of the Church.
Who is first in Christianity doctrine Orthodox.protestant. catholic?
The Orthodox Church claims to trace its development back through the Byzantine or Roman empire, to the earliest church established )by St. Paul) and the Apostles. The Catholic Church claims to trace its development back through the Roman empire, to the earliest church established (by St. Peter who was martyred in Rome) and the Apostles. Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria was also established (by St. Mark) around the same time in 42 AD. In effect… Read More
Under what conditions was the Church of Anglicans formed?
Is there a Saint Corinne in the Roman Catholic Church?
No, there is no Saint Corinne, nor for that matter is there a "Roman Catholic Church". It's just Catholic, not Roman Catholic. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the official Catholic Church.
Is Roman Catholic a culture?
Roman Catholic Answer Roman Catholic is a Church, it is in all cultures.
What did the Catholic Church establish?
Roman Catholic Answer The Catholic Church is the Mystical Body of Christ, as such, it established salvation for all men. It is guided by the Holy Spirit to preach the Good News, and to bring all men to God.
How and when did the Roman Catholic Church get its name?
Catholic = Universal. The Catholic church was supposed to be the European "universal" church Constantine wanted to unite Europe so he melded the many belief systems of Europe together to create his universal, or Catholic church. Roman of course refers to the fact that the center of the church was established in Rome. Catholic Answer We do not know when the term Catholic Church was original spoken. However, it appears in writings of St. Ignatius… Read More
Was the Roman Catholic Church terminated?
Roman Catholic Answer No, the Catholic Church is the Mystical Body of Christ and will live as long as He does.
What was the name of the church that Henry VIII established after breaking away from the roman catholic church?
The Protestant Church, however there are many sects of the Protestant church such as: Presbyterian, Baptist, and Methodist.
What relation does Paul have to the Roman Catholic Church?
Well, actually, it's just the Catholic Church, not the Roman Catholic Church. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is rarely used by the Catholic Church. St. Paul was a Bishop in the early Catholic Church.
What is the procedure to be married in the Catholic Church?
I am Roman Catholic and my fiancee is Catholic, but not Roman Catholic. We want to marry in the church. We need advice on how to do this.
How is the Eastern Catholic Church similar to the Roman Catholic Church?
Catholic Answer It's just Catholic, not Roman Catholic. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the official Catholic Church. The Eastern Catholic Church is identical to the Catholic Church, they only differ in Rite. The Catholic Church includes all Rites. The person asking the question is using "Roman Catholic Church" which probably means that they are referring to the… Read More
Where was the first Roman Catholic Church?
Catholic Answer Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the Catholic Church. The question should be "where was the first Catholic Church" as it was not known as the "Roman" Catholic Church until the Middle Ages, before then it was just "the Catholic Church". The first Catholic Church was in Jersualem, read the Acts of the Apostles.
When was Roman Catholic Church in Piešťany created?
Roman Catholic Church in Piešťany was created in 1832.
What was the event that modernized the Roman Catholic Church?
The Roman Catholic Church was modernized by Vatican II.
What is the primary language of the Roman Catholic Church?
The primary language of the Roman Catholic Church is Latin.
Who holds the title of mother in the Roman Catholic Church?
Mary is our mother in the Roman Catholic Church.
What church was later known as the Roman Catholic Church?
The Roman Catholic Church has always been known as the Roma Catholic Church and is the oldest form and branch of Christianity.
What city was the seat of power for both the Roman empire and the Catholic Church?
Roman Catholic Answer Unsurprisingly, the seat of power for the Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church was Rome.


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Theosophists including Madame Blavatsky also had a large influence on the Western public's view of Yoga.[210] Esoteric views current at the end of the 19th century provided a further basis for the reception of Vedanta and of Yoga with its theory and practice of correspondence between the spiritual and the physical.[211] The reception of Yoga and of Vedanta thus entwined with each other and with the (mostly Neoplatonism-based) currents of religious and philosophical reform and transformation throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Mircea Eliade brought a new element into the reception of Yoga with the strong emphasis on Tantric Yoga in his seminal book: Yoga: Immortality and Freedom.[212] With the introduction of the Tantra traditions and philosophy of Yoga, the conception of the "transcendent" to be attained by Yogic practice shifted from experiencing the "transcendent" ("Atman-Brahman" in Advaitic theory) in the mind to the body itself.[213]
Buddhist yoga encompasses an extensive variety of methods that aim to develop key virtues or qualities known as the 37 aids to awakening. The ultimate goal of Buddhist yoga is bodhi (awakening) or nirvana (cessation), which is traditionally seen as the permanent end of suffering (dukkha) and rebirth.[note 20] Buddhist texts use numerous terms for spiritual praxis besides yoga, such as bhāvanā ("development")[note 21] and jhāna/dhyāna.[note 22]
Many trainees like to cycle between the two methods in order to prevent the body from adapting (maintaining a progressive overload), possibly emphasizing whichever method more suits their goals; typically, a bodybuilder will aim at sarcoplasmic hypertrophy most of the time but may change to a myofibrillar hypertrophy kind of training temporarily in order to move past a plateau. However, no real evidence has been provided to show that trainees ever reach this plateau, and rather was more of a hype created from "muscular confusion".[clarification needed][citation needed]
The chronology of completion of these yoga-related Early Buddhist Texts, however, is unclear, just like ancient Hindu texts.[85][86] Early known Buddhist sources like the Majjhima Nikāya mention meditation, while the Anguttara Nikāya describes Jhāyins (meditators) that resemble early Hindu descriptions of Muni, Kesins and meditating ascetics,[87] but these meditation-practices are not called yoga in these texts.[88] The earliest known specific discussion of yoga in the Buddhist literature, as understood in modern context are from the later Buddhist Yogācāra and Theravada schools.[88]
Yoga and Vedanta are the two largest surviving schools of Hindu traditions. They share many thematic principles, concepts and belief in self/soul, but diverge in degree, style and some of their methods. Epistemologically, Yoga school accepts three means to reliable knowledge, while Advaita Vedanta accepts six ways.[159] Yoga disputes the monism of Advaita Vedanta.[160] Yoga school believes that in the state of moksha, each individual discovers the blissful, liberating sense of himself or herself as an independent identity; Advaita Vedanta, in contrast, believes that in the state of moksha, each individual discovers the blissful, liberating sense of himself or herself as part of Oneness with everything, everyone and the Universal Self. They both hold that the free conscience is aloof yet transcendent, liberated and self-aware. Further, Advaita Vedanta school enjoins the use of Patanjali's yoga practices and the reading of Upanishads for those seeking the supreme good, ultimate freedom and jivanmukti.[160]
The tantra yoga practices include asanas and breathing exercises. The Nyingma tradition practices Yantra yoga (Tib. "Trul khor"), a discipline that includes breath work (or pranayama), meditative contemplation and other exercises.[192] In the Nyingma tradition, the path of meditation practice is divided into further stages,[193] such as Kriya yoga, Upa yoga, Yoga yana, Mahā yoga, Anu yoga and Ati yoga.[194] The Sarma traditions also include Kriya, Upa (called "Charya"), and Yoga, with the Anuttara yoga class substituting for Mahayoga and Atiyoga.[195]
^ James Mallinson, "Sāktism and Hathayoga," 28 June 2012. Archived 16 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine [accessed 19 September 2013] pgs. 2 "In its earliest definition, in Pundarīka's eleventh-century Vimalaprabhā commentary on the Kālacakratantra, hathayoga is said to bring about the "unchanging moment" (aksaraksana) "through the practice of nāda by forcefully making the breath enter the central channel and through restraining the bindu of the bodhicitta in the vajra of the lotus of wisdom". While the means employed are not specified, the ends, in particular restraining bindu, semen, and making the breath enter the central channel, are similar to those mentioned in the earliest descriptions of the practices of hathayoga, to which I now turn."
Yoga may have pre-Vedic elements.[44][45] Some state yoga originated in the Indus Valley Civilization.[50] Marshall,[51] Eliade[9] and other scholars note that the Pashupati seal discovered in an Indus Valley Civilization site depicts a figure in a position resembling an asana used for meditation, Mulabandhasana. This interpretation is considered speculative and uncertain by more recent analysis of Srinivasan[9] and may be a case of projecting "later practices into archeological findings".[52]
Some Christians integrate yoga and other aspects of Eastern spirituality with prayer and meditation. This has been attributed to a desire to experience God in a more complete way.[281] In 2013, Monsignor Raffaello Martinelli, servicing Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, having worked for over 23 years with Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI),[282] said that for his Meditation, a Christian can learn from other religious traditions (zen, yoga, controlled respiration, Mantra), quoting Aspects of Christian meditation: "Just as "the Catholic Church rejects nothing of what is true and holy in these religions," neither should these ways be rejected out of hand simply because they are not Christian. On the contrary, one can take from them what is useful so long as the Christian conception of prayer, its logic and requirements are never obscured. It is within the context of all of this that these bits and pieces should be taken up and expressed anew."[283] Previously, the Roman Catholic Church, and some other Christian organizations have expressed concerns and disapproval with respect to some eastern and New Age practices that include yoga and meditation.[284][285][286]
^ Mangano, Kelsey M.; Sahni, Shivani; Kiel, Douglas P.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Dufour, Alyssa B.; Hannan, Marian T. (February 8, 2017). "Dietary protein is associated with musculoskeletal health independently of dietary pattern: the Framingham Third Generation Study". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 105 (3): 714–722. doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.136762. PMC 5320406. PMID 28179224 – via ajcn.nutrition.org.
Carbohydrates play an important role for bodybuilders. They give the body energy to deal with the rigors of training and recovery. Carbohydrates also promote secretion of insulin, a hormone enabling cells to get the glucose they need. Insulin also carries amino acids into cells and promotes protein synthesis.[26] Insulin has steroid-like effects in terms of muscle gains.[27] It is impossible to promote protein synthesis without the existence of insulin, which means that without ingesting carbohydrates or protein—which also induces the release of insulin—it is impossible to add muscle mass.[28] Bodybuilders seek out low-glycemic polysaccharides and other slowly digesting carbohydrates, which release energy in a more stable fashion than high-glycemic sugars and starches. This is important as high-glycemic carbohydrates cause a sharp insulin response, which places the body in a state where it is likely to store additional food energy as fat. However, bodybuilders frequently do ingest some quickly digesting sugars (often in form of pure dextrose or maltodextrin) just before, during, and/or just after a workout. This may help to replenish glycogen stored within the muscle, and to stimulate muscle protein synthesis.[29]
Sandow was so successful at flexing and posing his physique that he later created several businesses around his fame, and was among the first to market products branded with his name. He was credited with inventing and selling the first exercise equipment for the masses: machined dumbbells, spring pulleys, and tension bands. Even his image was sold by the thousands in "cabinet cards" and other prints. Sandow was a perfect "Gracilian", a standard of ideal body proportions close to those of ancient Greek and Roman statues. Men's physiques were then judged by how closely they matched these proportions.
Sandow organized the first bodybuilding contest on September 14, 1901, called the "Great Competition". It was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Judged by Sandow, Sir Charles Lawes, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the contest was a great success and many bodybuilding enthusiasts were turned away due to the overwhelming amount of audience members.[4] The trophy presented to the winner was a gold statue of Sandow sculpted by Frederick Pomeroy. The winner was William L. Murray of Nottingham. The silver Sandow trophy was presented to second-place winner D. Cooper. The bronze Sandow trophy — now the most famous of all — was presented to third-place winner A.C. Smythe. In 1950, this same bronze trophy was presented to Steve Reeves for winning the inaugural NABBA Mr. Universe contest. It would not resurface again until 1977 when the winner of the IFBB Mr. Olympia contest, Frank Zane, was presented with a replica of the bronze trophy. Since then, Mr. Olympia winners have been consistently awarded a replica of the bronze Sandow.
If the meaning of yoga is understood as the practice of nirodha (mental control), then its goal is "the unqualified state of niruddha (the perfection of that process)",[147] according to Baba Hari Dass. In that context, "yoga (union) implies duality (as in joining of two things or principles); the result of yoga is the nondual state", and "as the union of the lower self and higher Self. The nondual state is characterized by the absence of individuality; it can be described as eternal peace, pure love, Self-realization, or liberation."[148]
On January 16, 1904, the first large-scale bodybuilding competition in America took place at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The competition was promoted by Bernarr Macfadden, the father of physical culture and publisher of original bodybuilding magazines such as Health & Strength. The winner was Al Treloar, who was declared "The Most Perfectly Developed Man in the World".[5] Treloar won a $1,000 cash prize, a substantial sum at that time. Two weeks later, Thomas Edison made a film of Treloar's posing routine. Edison had also made two films of Sandow a few years before. Those were the first three motion pictures featuring a bodybuilder. In the early 20th century, Macfadden and Charles Atlas continued to promote bodybuilding across the world. Alois P. Swoboda was an early pioneer in America.
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