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ppti.info Personal Growth Plant Stress Physiology Ebook
PLANT STRESS PHYSIOLOGY EBOOK
Plant stress physiology. [Sergey Shabala;] -- This 2nd edition provides a timely update on the recent progress in our knowledge of all aspects of plant perception . This new edition of Plant Stress Physiology is an essential resource for researchers and students of ecology, plant biology, agriculture. Rent and save from the world's largest eBookstore. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, 2 Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in Plants. Physiological Constraints and Adaptive Mechanisms.
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Plant Stress Physiology. Front Cover. Sergey Shabala. CABI, - Science - pages. 0 Reviews. The fact that most of the suitable land has already been. The Book Would Be Extremely Useful For ppti.info Students Of Plant Science And Environmental Physiology. Biochemists, Microbiologists And Agricultural. PDF | 'Stress' in plants can be defined as any external factor that negatively influences plant growth, productivity, reproductive capacity or survival. This includes.
Bacteria in Agrobiology: Stress Management. Edited by Dinesh K. Maheshwari; Springer. Kanellis, C.
Chang, H. Klee and A. Bleecker, Springer.
Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies. Edited by Venkateswarlu, B. Slafer; CABI. Allen; Koros Press. Minnesota Press. Tiburcio and Renu Tuteja; Wiley. Shashidhar, A. Henry, B. Furthermore, the acclimation process in stress-resistant species is usually reversible upon removal of the external stress Figure 3. The establishment of homeostasis associated with the new acclimated state is not the result of a single physiological process but rather the result of many physiological processes that the plant integrates over time, that is, integrates over the acclimation period.
Plants usually integrate these physiological processes over a short-term as well as a long-term basis. The short-term processes involved in acclimation can be initiated within seconds or minutes upon exposure to a stress but may be transient in nature. That means that although these processes can be detected very soon after the onset of a stress, their activities also disappear rather rapidly.
As a consequence, the lifetime of these processes is rather short.
In contrast, long-term processes are less transient and thus usually exhibit a longer lifetime. However, the lifetimes of these processes overlap in time such that the short-term processes usually constitute the initial responses to a stress while the long-term processes are usually detected later in the acclimation process. Such a hierarchy of short- and long-term responses indicates that the attainment of the acclimated state can be considered a complex, time-nested response to a stress.
Acclimation usually involves the differential expression of specific sets of genes associated with exposure to a particular stress. The remarkable capacity to regulate gene expression in response to environmental change in a time-nested manner is the basis of plant plasticity. Adaptation to the environment is characterized by genetic changes in the entire population that have been fixed by natural selection over many generations.
In contrast, individual plants can also respond to changes in the environment, by directly altering their physiology or morphology to allow them to better survive the new environment. These responses require no new genetic modifications, and if the response of an individual improves with repeated exposure to the new environmental condition then the response is one of acclimation.
Such responses are often referred to as phenotypic plasticity, and represent nonpermanent changes in the physiology or morphology of the individual that can be reversed if the prevailing environmental conditions change. Individual plants may also show phenotypic plasticity that allows them to respond to environmental fluctuations In addition to genetic changes in entire populations, individual plants may also show phenotypic plasticity; they may respond to fluctuations in the environment by directly altering their morphology and physiology.
The changes associated with phenotypic plasticity require no new genetic modifications, and many are reversible. Both genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity can contribute to the plant's overall tolerance of extremes in their abiotic environment.
As a consequence, a plant's physiology and morphology are not static but are very dynamic and responsive to their environment.
The ability of biennial plants and winter cultivars of cereal grains to survive over winter is an example of acclimation to low temperature. The process of acclimation to a stress is known as hardening and plants that have the capacity to acclimate are commonly referred to as hardy species. In contrast, those plants that exhibit a minimal capacity to acclimate to a specific stress are referred to as nonhardy species.
Imbalances of abiotic factors have primary and secondary effects on plants Plants may experience physiological stress when an abiotic factor is deficient or in excess referred to as an imbalance. The deficiency or excess may be chronic or intermittent.
Abiotic conditions to which native plants are adapted may cause physiological stress to non-native plants. Most agricultural crops, for example, are cultivated in regions to which they are not highly adapted. Imbalances of abiotic factors in the environment cause primary and secondary effects in plants. Primary effects such as reduced water potential and cellular dehydration directly alter the physical and biochemical properties of cells, which then lead to secondary effects.
These secondary effects, such as reduced metabolic activity, ion cytotoxicity, and the production of reactive oxygen species, initiate and accelerate the disruption of cellular integrity, and may lead ultimately to cell death. Different abiotic factors may cause similar primary physiological effects because they affect the same cellular processes. Secondary physiological effects caused by different abiotic imbalances may overlap substantially. It is evident that imbalances in many abiotic factors reduce cell proliferation, photosynthesis, membrane integrity, and protein stability, and induce production of reactive oxygen species ROS , oxidative damage, and cell death.
The light-dependent inhibition of photosynthesis As photoautotrophs, plants are dependent upon — and exquisitely adapted to — visible light for the maintenance of a positive carbon balance through photosynthesis. Higher energy wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the ultraviolet range, can inhibit cellular processes by damaging membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids.
However, even in the visible range, irradiances far above the light saturation point of photosynthesis cause high light stress, which can disrupt chloroplast structure and reduce photosynthetic rates, a process known as photoinhibition. Photoinhibition by high light leads to the production of destructive forms of oxygen Excess light excitation arriving at the PSII reaction center can lead to its inactivation by the direct damage of the D1 protein.
The oxidative stress generated by excessive ROS destroys cellular and metabolic functions and leads to cell death. Outside of this range, varying amounts of damage occur, depending on the magnitude and duration of the temperature fluctuation. In this section we will discuss three types of temperature stress: high temperatures, low temperatures above freezing, and temperatures below freezing.
However, nongrowing cells or dehydrated tissues e. However, high leaf temperatures combined with minimal evaporative cooling causes heat stress. Increases in leaf temperature during the day can be more pronounced in plants experiencing drought and high irradiance from direct sunlight. Temperature stress can result in damaged membranes and enzymes Plant membranes consist of a lipid bilayer interspersed with proteins and sterols, and any abiotic factor that alters membrane properties can disrupt cellular processes.
High temperatures cause an increase in the fluidity of membrane lipids and a decrease in the strength of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between polar groups of proteins within the aqueous phase of the membrane. High temperatures thus modify membrane composition and structure, and can cause leakage of ions. High tempeatures can also lead to a loss of the three-dimensional structure required for correct function of enzymes or structural cellular components, thereby leading to loss of proper enzyme structure and activity.
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Misfolded proteins often aggregate and precipitate, creating serious problems within the cell. Temperature stress can inhibit photosynthesis Photosynthesis and respiration are both inhibited by temperature stress. Typically, photosynthetic rates are inhibited by high temperatures to a greater extent than respiratory rates. Although chloroplast enzymes such as rubisco, rubisco activase, NADP-G3P dehydrogenase, and PEP carboxylase become unstable at high temperatures, the temperatures at which these enzymes began to denature and lose activity are distinctly higher than the temperatures at which photosynthetic rates begin to decline.
This would indicate that the early stages of heat injury to photosynthesis are more directly related to changes in membrane properties and to uncoupling of the energy transfer mechanisms in chloroplasts.
This imbalance between photosynthesis and respiration is one of the main reasons for the deleterious effects of high temperatures. On an individual plant, leaves growing in the shade have a lower temperature compensation point than leaves that are exposed to the sun and heat. Reduced photosynthate production may also result from stress-induced stomatal closure, reduction in leaf canopy area, and regulation of assimilate partitioning.
Freezing temperatures cause ice crystal formation and dehydration Freezing temperatures result in intra- and extracellular ice crystal formation. Intracellular ice formation physically shears membranes and organelles. Extracellular ice crystals, which usually form before the cell contents freeze, may not cause immediate physical damage to cells, but they do cause cellular dehydration. Consequently, water moves from the symplast to the apoplast, resulting in cellular dehydration.
Cells that are already dehydrated, such as those in seeds and pollen, are relatively less affected by ice crystal formation. Ice usually forms first within the intercellular spaces and in the xylem vessels, along which the ice can quickly propagate. Please enter recipient e-mail address es.
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Please verify that you are not a robot. Would you also like to submit a review for this item? You already recently rated this item. Your rating has been recorded. Write a review Rate this item: Preview this item Preview this item. Plant stress physiology Author: Sergey Shabala Publisher: Boston, MA: CABI, This 2nd edition provides a timely update on the recent progress in our knowledge of all aspects of plant perception, signalling and adaptation to a variety of environmental stresses.
It covers in detail areas such as drought, salinity, flooding, oxidative stress, pathogens, and extremes of temperature and soil pH.
Plant Physiology Books
It includes new full-colour figures to help illustrate the principles outlined in the text and is written in a clear and accessible format, with descriptive abstracts for each chapter. Written by an international team of experts, this book provides researchers with a better understanding of the major physiological and molecular mechanisms facilitating plant tolerance to adverse environmental factors. This new edition is an essential resource for researchers and students of ecology, plant biology, agriculture, agronomy and plant breeding.
Read more Show all links. Allow this favorite library to be seen by others Keep this favorite library private. Find a copy in the library Finding libraries that hold this item Electronic books Additional Physical Format: Print version:SSSA Spec.
Plant Stress Physiology
Ice usually forms first within the intercellular spaces and in the xylem vessels, along which the ice can quickly propagate. Volume 1. Preview this item Preview this item. Although guard cells can lose turgor as a result of a direct loss of water by evaporation to the atmosphere, stomatal closure in response to dehydration is almost always an active, energy-dependent process rather than a passive one.
The stress-induced modulation of homeostasis can be considered as the signal for the plant to initiate processes required for the establishment of a new homeostasis associated with the acclimated state. In contrast, those plants that exhibit a minimal capacity to acclimate to a specific stress are referred to as nonhardy species.
Also read: NECROPOLIS ANTHONY HOROWITZ EBOOK
Thus, injury to root metabolism by O2 deficiency originates in part from a lack of ATP to drive essential metabolic processes such as root absorption of essential nutrients.
Plants usually integrate these physiological processes over a short-term as well as a long-term basis.
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I love reading novels absentmindedly . Feel free to read my other posts. I have always been a very creative person and find it relaxing to indulge in land speed records.
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Kim Kardashian and Kanye West are set to welcome their fourth child via surrogate this year, and with the due date creeping ever closer, the Keeping Up With the Kardashians star has been feeling both excited and nervous about expanding her family.
It has been reported that the famous couple are using a different surrogate than they used for Chicago, but the couple has neither confirmed nor denied that rumor.
Do you come from a big family? Let us know @BritandCo!


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Sign up for a horrendous cycling experience: Bowen Island Man
'Suffer like a dog and learn to hate cycling like never before' touts the new route's website
Oct 16, 2020 12:57 PM By: Bronwyn Beairsto
Water breaks are a must for the route that covers every paved road on Bowen Island.Courtesy of Bowen Island Man
Christoph Haase is embracing Bowen's "awful" reputation.
Haase is inviting cyclists to complete what he calls "Canada's worst ride:" Bowen Island Man. (That's the name of the route, like Ironman, but Bowen and just biking).
The route: every paved section of Bowen road that's not classified a driveway (though some roads look like glorified driveways), some 130 kilometres. "Unless it says no trespassing or private or whatnot, it's a road," says Haase.
The inclines add up to a brutal ride, as this screenshot from the Strava app demonstrates. - Courtesy of Bowen Island Man
The islander of five years took on the challenge this summer.
"It's something I always wanted to do…ride every road on Bowen and see how that goes," he says.
After pushing back the date of the intimidating ride a few times, his family left for a few weeks of vacation and a friend accomplished a similar route, so Haase decided it was time to get into gear.
At about six a.m. on the day in question this summer, Haase parked his car at BICS and headed down to the base of Trunk Road.
The saying goes, if in a labyrinth you just keep turning right, eventually you'll find the exit. Same thing applies when you're trying to ride every paved road on the island.
Starting out in the cove, Haase rode out to Miller's Landing and Eaglecliff at a measured pace, back and then down to Mt. Gardner, then cycled out to the west side.
"I was surprised at how many little side roads there are and how they add up," said Haase. Half the roads were roads he knew, the other half were side roads he'd never been on. "Dipsy doodle roads that end up being longer than I thought they would be."
"All those climbs add up and every little steep bit just makes you burn another match and then you end up somewhere and you have no matches left. For me that was down at the golf course," said Haase. But he knew he had to finish the course.
The entire route took Haase seven and a half hours. As he polished off the switchback roads of Valhalla, the burger and beer reward kept him peddling.
Unfortunately, the day Haase picked was the hottest day of the year. "It was as awful as it sounds," he says.
"That's part of cycling, to kind of suffer through it sometimes," says Haase. "And I figured other people should have that pleasure too."
Haase is inviting others to complete the truly miserable course. "I thought it would be fun to actually give [off-island riders] something to achieve here to put Bowen on the cycling map and have a little fun."
Source: Courtesy of Bowen Island Man
Distance versus steepness wise, the North Shore's triple crown (Seymour, Grouse and Cyprus mountains in one ride) doesn't come close to Bowen Island Man's 4,000 metres of vertical gain, says Haase.
He notes some of Bowen's other challenges: lack of road shoulder, potholes and deer that dart out from nowhere.
"Given all that, I would like to see a ride that's worse than this," he says. "The difference on Bowen is that it is not enjoyable for a few reasons and that makes it enjoyable."
The name of the route, Bowen Island Man, didn't start off as anything to do with cycling. In April 2019, Haase was out for a bbq with his family at the beach and saw the spectacular sight of whales chasing sea lions chasing seals, and had the presence of mind to film the encounter. The video got national media attention, where anchors referred to Haase as "Bowen Island man." Haase thought this was funny and bought the domain name. It wasn't until a year later the cycling route started percolating.
One can download the Bowen Island Man route map at bowenislandman.com.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Waking up early may lower your breast cancer risk
By Nicole Lyn Pesce
Published: June 27, 2019 3:49 p.m. ET
Being a morning person was associated with a slightly lower risk of breast cancer. Other studies find early risers are healthier and wealthier.
coffeekai/iStock
Research suggests that early risers reap health and financial benefits.
NicoleLyn Pesce
People who wake up earlier may have a lower risk of breast cancer, a new study says.
A report published in BMJ analyzed the sleep data on more than 400,000 women (from the UK Biobank study and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium study), which included how long they slept, whether they preferred waking up early or staying up late, any insomnia symptoms, as well as whether or not they had breast cancer. And being a morning person was associated with a slightly lower risk of breast cancer (one woman per 100) compared to being a night owl (two of these women in 100 developed the disease), although this initial report couldn't pinpoint exactly why.
The researchers cautioned that consuming alcohol and being overweight are much greater risk cancers for breast cancer than what time you get out of bed, however, so there's no need to panic if you're slapping the snooze button most mornings. In fact, there's scientific evidence to suggest that whether you're a morning person or not is written in your genes.
Late sleepers can reset their internal body clocks to bounce out of bed earlier with a few practical life hacks — which other research suggests can indeed make them healthy, wealthy and wise. For example, getting enough sleep could be more important for losing weight than skipping late-night snacks, according to a recent study published in the online journal BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health.
The good news is, a recent study published in the journal Sleep Medicine found that making four lifestyle changes each day helped subjects stick with an earlier bedtime and wake up routine after just three weeks — and the new early birds reported feeling less depressed and stressed under their new sleep schedule.
The Universities of Birmingham and Surrey in the U.K. and Monash University in Australia conducted a small, randomized control trial with 22 healthy men and women in their 20s over six weeks. The participants were night owls, defined as individuals whose internal body clocks dictated later-than-usual sleep and wake times: going to bed at 2:30 a.m. on average, and rising at 10:15 a.m. They wore sleep trackers and filled out questionnaires about their daily sleep and eating habits for two weeks before the study, to provide a baseline of their lifestyle habits.
Then they were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that was instructed to practice several sleep interventions to shift to an early sleep schedule (including going to bed and waking up two to three hours earlier), while the control group was only told to eat lunch at the same time every day, without being directed to change sleep habits. And the experimental group that adopted the new sleep habits consistently went to bed almost two hours earlier in the evening, and rose almost two hours earlier the next morning, without the length or the quality of their sleep suffering.
What's more, their self-reported feelings of depression and stress "significantly decreased" once they started waking up earlier, according to the report. And rather than being groggy in the mornings, they also reported increased cognitive reaction time and physical performance early in the day, and their peak performance times moved up to the afternoon; previously, they peaked at night.
These are the four (free!) steps that converted the night owls into morning larks:
Rise and shine. Wake up two to three hours earlier than usual, and maximize outdoor light exposure in the morning. Research has shown that light decreases your body's production of the sleep-inducing melatonin hormone. So throwing open your curtains to let the sun in, or eating breakfast on the porch or by a window, provides a free morning boost. Plus, getting up earlier in the morning helps you feel sleepy earlier in the evening.
Lights out. At the end of the day, you want to do the opposite: limit light exposure, and hit the hay two to three hours earlier than usual. Now's the time to increase your melatonin levels, so it's important to turn off the lights — and to avoid the blue light from screens, in particular — to cue your body that it's time to wind down.
Stick to a schedule. Keep sleep and wake times fixed on both work days and days off. While it's tempting to take advantage of the weekend to stay up late and sleep in, it throws your body's circadian rhythm out of whack. Instead, keep the same schedule (within 15 and 30 minutes) every single day.
Move up your meals. Have breakfast as soon as possible after waking up; eat lunch at the same time each day; and don't do dinner after 7 p.m. Participants in the study also stopped drinking caffeine after 3 p.m. If it's impossible to move up dinner or other evening activities, then shorten them, or see which ones can be done on alternate days, so that you're still wrapping things up earlier.
If the subjects were regular exercisers, they also moved their workouts to the morning. The research is divided on whether nighttime workouts make it harder to fall asleep or not, but morning workouts have been linked with people falling asleep earlier. "This also helps with light exposure and the awakening of the senses," said Dr. Sanam Hafeez, a neuropsychologist in New York City who was not part of the study. "This helps us burn energy quickly and early on, making it easier to sleep later on at night.
And while naps are recommended to help supplement sleep and fight fatigue in the afternoon, the participants were told not to nap after 4 p.m., as catching 40 winks later in the day can interfere with your nighttime sleep.
Related: These are the 3 biggest sleep myths
Yet more than a third of sleep-deprived American adults are getting less than the recommended seven hours of sleep a night, according to the CDC, which costs the U.S. economy $411 billion a year in lost productivity. And so Americans spent $41 billion on sleep aids in 2015, which is projected to hit $52 billion by next year.
"We wanted to see if there were simple things people could do at home to solve this issue. This was successful, on average allowing people to get to sleep and wake up around two hours earlier than they were before," said study co-author Dr. Andrew Bagshaw from the University of Birmingham in a statement. "Most interestingly, this was also associated with improvements in mental well-being and perceived sleepiness, meaning that it was a very positive outcome for the participants."
Dr. Hafeez, who is also a faculty member at Columbia University, told MarketWatch that these interventions align with common suggestions that sleep experts give to patients — although if your "night owl" bedtime is 11 p.m. as opposed to 2:30 a.m., moving it up three hours may not be practical. "I think more research is needed as to the effectiveness of this particular intervention in relation to average people who may go to bed between 9 and 11 p.m. Would they be going to sleep too early if they forwarded their sleep time to 6 or 7 p.m? I think so," she said, suggesting that such sleepers move up their bedtime by an hour, at first, to see if it makes them more productive.
Related: Do you sleep a 'normal' amount? This chart reveals how much shut-eye we really get
She also cautioned that three weeks is only a reasonable time period to make these new habits stick if one leads a relatively stress-free life that's not burdened by health issues, being a caretaker, being a parent, or economic or emotional struggles. "For regular folk, implementing all these changes at once could be overwhelming — stressful even. Overwhelming your life routine with changes in sleep time, dietary schedule and fitness activity all at the same time can stress you out and have the adverse effect of discouraging you," she said. "Instead, I would suggest implementing one or two intervention methods per week and seeing how you feel. Give yourself four to six weeks, so you have built-in time to observe what works for you."
Previous research has suggested that the early bird does indeed get the worm. A survey of 2,000 Americans by OnePoll on behalf of mattress review site Sleepopolis found that those who rose earlier earned more money (although it didn't specify how much) compared to those who stayed up late. Perhaps this is because "morning bias" has been shown to give early birds better performance reviews; a 2014 University of Washington Foster School of Business study found employees who chose to work an early shift (7 a.m. to 3 p.m.) were rated better by their supervisors than those who worked the 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. shift. The same study found more people associated the word "morning" with "conscientiousness" compared to "evening." The standard 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. workday is also better suited to those with earlier wakeup calls.
Related: This $8 product may be the secret to a better night's sleep
Early risers in the Sleepopolis survey also had sex more often (three times a week compared to night owls in the survey getting intimate twice a week), and they got an extra hour of sleep each night. Perhaps that's why they also reported being 10% happier.
This article was originally published on June 10, and has been updated with the new BMJ study.
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San Vicente de la Barquera
View of San Vicente de la Barquera in Cantabria
Max 9ºC / Min 3ºC
An old fishermen's refuge, San Vicente de la Barquera offers one of the most picturesque sights on the Cantabrian coast, with its beaches, the old village and the exceptional backdrop of the snow-capped mountains of the Picos de Europa.
San Vicente's old town was declared to be of Cultural Interest in 1987 because of its interesting collection of monuments, forming part of which are the church of Santa María de los Ángeles, built between the 13th and 16th centuries, the castle and the remains of a wall. The bridges are another sign of the town's identity, such as the Maza bridge, with its 28 arches, which was built on the orders of the Catholic Monarchs in the 16th century, or Parral, which dates from the 18th century. It also has some magnificent beaches, such as Fuentes, Primera de San Vicente, El Rosal, El Tostadero, Merón and Gerra, and a beautiful estuary full of brightly-coloured boats. San Vicente de la Barquera's maritime vocation can be appreciated in its gastronomy, which includes excellent fish and seafood and which has its greatest expression in sorropotún or Barquera hotpot, a stew prepared with tuna and potatoes.
Los Estrada Tower
Santa María Church in San Vicente de la Barquera
The most stunning spots for taking photos of the Picos de Europa in Cantabria
Viewpoints in Cantabria for enjoying some truly spectacular views
Memorable coastal towns


Jo-Michael Scheibe Choral Series | Santa Barbara Music Publishing, Inc.
Jo-Michael Scheibe chairs the Thornton School of Music's Department of Choral and Sacred Music at the University of Southern California, where he conducts the USC Chamber Singers, teaches choral conducting and choral methods, and supervises the graduate and undergraduate choral program. In 2008, he assumed a new post as National President Elect of the American Choral Directors' Association. No stranger to the ACDA, Scheibe previously served as the organization's Western Division President (1991-1993), as well as National Repertoire and Standards Chairperson for Community Colleges (1980-1989). Ensembles under his leadership have sung at six national ACDA conventions (1985, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2003, 2007), as well as two national conventions of the Music Educators National Conference (1996, 2000), and various regional and state conventions.
Scheibe's artistic collaborations include choral performances with Luciano Pavarotti, José Carreras, Salvatore Licitra, Maria Guleghina and Kenny Loggins, as well as preparation of choruses for Sir Colin Davis and the London Symphony Orchestra, Franz Welser-Möst and the Cleveland Orchestra, Michael Tilson Thomas and the New World Symphony and conductors Jahja Ling, Edoardo Müller, James Judd, Max Valdez, Thomas Sanderling and Alain Lombard, among others. Recordings of ensembles under Scheibe's direction have been released on the Albany, Cane, Naxos, Arsis and ANS labels.
A champion of contemporary music, Scheibe regularly commissions and performs new works of choral literature. He has helped to launch careers of promising young composers and to promote music by international composers largely unknown in the United States. Music publishers Walton, Colla Voce Music and Santa Barbara distribute the Jo-Michael Scheibe Choral Series internationally.
Fall 2008 marks Scheibe's return to USC after a 15-year tenure as director of Choral Studies at the University of Miami's Frost School of Music (1993-2008), as well as previous faculty appointments at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff (1985-1993), Long Beach City College (1978-1985), Vintage High School in Napa, California and Huntington Beach High School. Scheibe received his D.M.A. from the University of Southern California and his B.A. and M.M. degrees from California State University at Long Beach, where he was presented with the distinguished alumnus award.
Scheibe has served as music and artistic director of several community choral organizations, including the Master Chorale of South Florida, the Tampa Bay Master Chorale and the Long Beach Master Chorale. He has directed music ministries in churches as well, most recently at Coral Gables Congregational Church, where he conducted the Chancel Choir and Vocal Ensemble, which appeared at the 2002 ACDA Southern Division Convention in Nashville. A member of Chorus America, the International Federation of Choral Music, and several other professional and education organizations, Scheibe is in frequent demand internationally as a clinician, conductor and adjudicator for choruses at the university, community college, community and secondary levels.
Adon Olam Kenneth Lampl SATB div.
Alleluia Terry Schlenker SATB div.
America the Beautiful Bates and Ward, arr. Frank J. La Rocca SATB div.
Angele Dei Susan LaBarr SATB div.
Ave Maria Alvez Barkoskie IV SATB div.
Blessing in the Leaving Susan LaBarr SATB div.
Brennen's Lullaby Terry Schlenker SATB div.
Brother, Do Not Weep arr. Seth Houston SATB div.
Crossing the Bar Michael J. Mills SATB div.
Fly Sara Groves, arr. Susan LaBarr SATB div.
God Is Nigh General Daniel Butterfield,arr. Nicholas McKaig SATB div.
God's Grandeur Daniel Brinsmead SATB div.
Grace Before Sleep Susan LaBarr SATB div.
Life Has Loveliness to Sell David Dickau SATB div.
Like Barley Bending Daniel Brinsmead SATB div.
Locus iste Daniel Brinsmead SATB div.
Rockin' Jerusalem arr. Stacey V. Gibbs SATB div.
Sit Down Servant arr. Stacey V. Gibbs SATB div.
Spiritus Sanctus Daniel Brinsmead SATB div.
The Poem, The Song, The Picture Terry Schlenker SATB div.
Timor et tremor Terry Schlenker SATB div.
What Child Is This? arr. Lindsay Goodson SATB div.
You Cannot Lose My Love Sara Groves, arr. Susan LaBarr SATB div.


text:
<?php

namespace BW\UserBundle\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\User\UserInterface;
use Doctrine\Common\Collections\ArrayCollection;

/**
 * Class User
 * @package BW\UserBundle\Entity
 */
class User implements UserInterface, \Serializable
{
    /**
     * @var int The ID
     */
    private $id;

    /**
     * @var string The username
     */
    private $username;

    /**
     * @var string The password
     */
    private $password;

    /**
     * @var string The email
     */
    private $email;

    /**
     * @var bool Whether is active
     */
    private $isActive;

    /**
     * @ORM\ManyToMany(targetEntity="Role", inversedBy="users")
     *
     */
    private $roles;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->isActive = true;
        $this->roles = new ArrayCollection();
        // may not be needed, see section on salt below
        // $this->salt = md5(uniqid(null, true));
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function getUsername()
    {
        return $this->username;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function getSalt()
    {
        // you *may* need a real salt depending on your encoder
        // see section on salt below
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function getPassword()
    {
        return $this->password;
    }

    /**
     * @inheritDoc
     */
    public function eraseCredentials()
    {
    }

    /**
     * @see \Serializable::serialize()
     */
    public function serialize()
    {
        return serialize(array(
            $this->id,
            $this->username,
            $this->password,
            // see section on salt below
            // $this->salt,
        ));
    }

    /**
     * @see \Serializable::unserialize()
     */
    public function unserialize($serialized)
    {
        list (
            $this->id,
            $this->username,
            $this->password,
            // see section on salt below
            // $this->salt
        ) = unserialize($serialized);
    }

    public function isAccountNonExpired()
    {
        return true;
    }

    public function isAccountNonLocked()
    {
        return true;
    }

    public function isCredentialsNonExpired()
    {
        return true;
    }

    public function isEnabled()
    {
        return $this->isActive;
    }

    public function getRoles()
    {
        return $this->roles->toArray();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Where is the connection between the two Python venv environments I have two python environments and somehow there is some kind of link between them.
/home/testapi/API25/env is the original venv
/home/preprodapi/API25/env was created by means of a cpio copy from the first.  This worked find for many months.  But now a problem has cropped up.
The symptom is that in preprodapi the pytz package isnt able to find the timezone Africa/Johannesburg (and presumably others), as evidenced by the stack trace:
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/home/preprodapi/API25.8512/validator/echo.py", line 244, in jsonified_wrapper
    response_obj = request_handler(*args, **kwargs)
   File "/home/preprodapi/API25.8512/validator/echo.py", line 478, in bearer_token_wrapper
    return request_handler(*args, **kwargs)
   File "/home/preprodapi/API25.8512/validator/echo.py", line 1068, in globaldb_connection_wrapper
    return request_handler(*args, **kwargs)
   File "/home/preprodapi/API25.8512/validator/echo.py", line 569, in get_school_wrapper
    return request_handler(*args, **kwargs)
   File "/home/preprodapi/API25.8512/validator/echo.py", line 697, in school_admin_wrapper
    return request_handler(*args, **kwargs)
   File "/home/preprodapi/API25.8512/routehandlers.py", line 4035, in email_report
    do_email_report(kwargs.get('reportid'), json_attrs, getctx_school().get('schoolname'))
   File "/home/preprodapi/API25.8512/validator/echo.py", line 1155, in do_email_report
    tz = pytz.timezone(sender.school.get("local_timezone"))
   File "/home/testapi/API25/env/lib64/python3.5/site-packages/pytz/__init__.py", line 181, in timezone
 pytz.exceptions.UnknownTimeZoneError: 'Africa/Johannesburg'

Notice how it switches from /home/preprodapi/.... to /home/testapi/... in the final item.
But WHY is this happening?
(env) [root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# deactivate
[root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# pwd
/home/preprodapi/API25
[root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# . env/bin/activate
(env) [root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# pip uninstall pytz
Uninstalling pytz-2017.2:
  Would remove:
    /home/testapi/API25/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pytz-2017.2.dist-info/*
    /home/testapi/API25/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pytz/*
Proceed (y/n)? n
(env) [root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# python
Python 3.5.5 (default, Feb  6 2018, 10:57:32)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pytz
>>> print(pytz.timezone('Africa/Johannesburg'))
Africa/Johannesburg

For the record I can't find any soft links between the venv's
(env) [root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# pwd
/home/preprodapi/API25
(env) [root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# find env -type l -ls
40549590    0 lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            3 Feb  4 12:54 env/lib64 -> lib
40549592    0 lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           15 Feb  4 12:54 env/bin/python3.5m -> /bin/python3.5m
40549593    0 lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           10 Feb  4 12:54 env/bin/python -> python3.5m
40549594    0 lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           10 Feb  4 12:54 env/bin/python3 -> python3.5m

Help please!
P.S note /home/preprodapi/API25.8512 is a cpio copy of /home/preprodapi/API25.  I get the exact same results when I test in the API25.8512 sub-directory
Note #2:  The same does not happen with another venv on this host
[root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25.8512]# cd /home/apiuser
[root@ip-172-31-8-200 apiuser]# cd API25
[root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# . env/bin/activate
(env) [root@ip-172-31-8-200 API25]# pip uninstall pytz
Uninstalling pytz-2018.9:
  Would remove:
    /home/apiuser/API25/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pytz-2018.9.dist-info/*
    /home/apiuser/API25/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pytz/*
Proceed (y/n)? n

A: You need to check your sys.path and find the source of anomalies, if any. See Debugging modifications of sys.path for a way to track changes to sys.path and Can I zip all the python standard libs and the python still able to import it? for how it's constructed.

venv is implemented via Py3's stock site.py:
If a file named "pyvenv.cfg" exists one directory above sys.executable,
sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to that directory and
it is also checked for site-packages (sys.base_prefix and
sys.base_exec_prefix will always be the "real" prefixes of the Python
installation). If "pyvenv.cfg" (a bootstrap configuration file) contains
the key "include-system-site-packages" set to anything other than "false"
(case-insensitive), the system-level prefixes will still also be
searched for site-packages; otherwise they won't.

When creating a venv, python and a number of other files are copied into <venv>/bin (<venv\Scripts in Windows), and a pyvenv.cfg is placed into <venv> for site.py to find upon Python startup. activate prepends <venv>/bin to PATH so that the local executable is started instead of the system one when you type "python".
Ultimately, this results in a sys.path that combines system-wide standard library with venv-specific 3rd-party modules. It would look something like this:
>>> sys.path
['', '<venv>/bin/python36.zip', <system Python platlib>, <system Python purelib>, '<venv>', '<venv>/lib/site-packages']

So, normally, there shouldn't be folders from another venv in sys.path resulting directly from venv logic. They may result from PYTHONPATH, or from some .pth files, or even from your own code. The above diagnostics should show where they come from.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Executive Leadership: Securing The Future of Black Colleges and Universities
Alvin J. Schexnider (Thomas Nelson Community College, and President, Schexnider & Associates, LLC)
International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior
Publication date: 1 March 2008
This article addresses the critical need for exceptional leaders to shepherd the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in a post-Brown era where African American students enjoy unlimited access to higher education in the United States. The article spotlights the many contributions Black colleges and universities have made to American society against insuperable odds since their inception in the mid-nineteenth century. It studies selected examples of HBCUs whose graduates have distinguished themselves in areas where other institutions enjoy centers of excellence. The article traces the historical inequities between major and minority institutions, the challenges HBCUs face in surmounting these disparities, and the growing tendency of Black students to exercise their options by enrolling at White colleges and universities. With the loss of a pure monopoly on African American students, Black colleges now must find leaders of exceptional talent and vision in order to ensure their survival. The article recommends strategies designed to surmount hurdles and enhance the viability of Black colleges and universities in an increasingly competitive environment.
Schexnider, A. (2008), "Executive Leadership: Securing The Future of Black Colleges and Universities", International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, Vol. 11 No. 4, pp. 496-517. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-11-04-2008-B003
Copyright © 2008 by PrAcademics Press


O A R is an online journal and research platform that engages with new and experimental ways of participating in knowledge production, specifically through practice based research. Through its publishing activities, O A R seeks to challenge the bound temporality of the standard academic publication, and to stimulate a culture of timely response. Themed issues of the online journal appear twice-yearly, and are composed of commissioned contributions and curated submissions through an open call. O A R is funded by the Oxford University IT Innovation Seed Fund.


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Rapper Lil Wayne was born Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. on September 27, 1982, in New Orleans, Louisiana. Lil Wayne has been creating music since he was a child, and is considered among today's most talented rappers. He grew up in Hollygrove, one of New Orleans' poorest neighborhoods
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Lil Wayne's biography
Genre: Rap/Hip Hop
Dwayne Michael Carter, Jr. (born September 27, 1982), known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American hip hop recording artist. In 1991, at the age of nine, Lil Wayne joined Cash Money Records as the youngest member of the label, and half of the duo The B.G.'z, alongside fellow New Orleans-based rapper Lil' Doogie. In 1996, Lil Wayne joined the southern hip hop group Hot Boys, with his Cash Money label-mates Juvenile, Young Turk and Lil' Doogie (who now goes by B.G.). Hot Boys debuted with Get It How U Live!, that same year. Most of the group's success came with their platinum-selling album Guerrilla Warfare (1999) and the 1999 single "Bling Bling". Along with being the flagship artist of Cash Money Records, Lil Wayne is also the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of his own label imprint, Young Money Entertainment, which he founded in 2005.
Lil Wayne's solo debut album... moreDwayne Michael Carter, Jr. (born September 27, 1982), known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American hip hop recording artist. In 1991, at the age of nine, Lil Wayne joined Cash Money Records as the youngest member of the label, and half of the duo The B.G.'z, alongside fellow New Orleans-based rapper Lil' Doogie. In 1996, Lil Wayne joined the southern hip hop group Hot Boys, with his Cash Money label-mates Juvenile, Young Turk and Lil' Doogie (who now goes by B.G.). Hot Boys debuted with Get It How U Live!, that same year. Most of the group's success came with their platinum-selling album Guerrilla Warfare (1999) and the 1999 single "Bling Bling". Along with being the flagship artist of Cash Money Records, Lil Wayne is also the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of his own label imprint, Young Money Entertainment, which he founded in 2005.
Lil Wayne's solo debut album Tha Block Is Hot (1999), was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). His subsequent albums, Lights Out (2000) and 500 Degreez (2002), went on to be certified gold. Wayne reached higher popularity with his fourth album Tha Carter (2004), which was led by the single "Go D.J." and his appearance on Destiny's Child's Top 10 single "Soldier", that same year. The album was followed by Tha Carter II (2005), as well as several mixtapes and collaborations throughout 2006 and 2007. Wayne gained more prominence with his sixth album Tha Carter III (2008), which became his most successful album to date, with first-week sales of over one million copies in the United States. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and includes the hit singles "Lollipop", "A Milli" and "Got Money".
Following the success of Tha Carter III, Wayne decided to record a rock-esque album titled Rebirth. The album, released in 2010, was certified gold by the RIAA, despite a generally negative critical response. In March 2010, Lil Wayne began serving an 8-month jail sentence in New York after being convicted of criminal possession of a weapon stemming from an incident in July 2007. Wayne's eighth album I Am Not a Human Being (2010), was released during his incarceration. His 2011 album and first following his release, Tha Carter IV, sold 964,000 copies in its first week of availability in the United States. It includes the singles "6 Foot 7 Foot", "How to Love" and "She Will". On September 27, 2012, Lil Wayne passed Elvis Presley as the male with the most entries on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, with 109 songs. The record has since been passed by other artists. Lil Wayne's thirteenth studio album, Tha Carter V, has been delayed multiple times and has no scheduled release date. Lil Wayne has sold over 100 million records worldwide, including sold more than 15 million albums and 37 million digital tracks in United States, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil_Wayne less
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Got up sick as a dog.
Today Lennie's brother, Benjamin Davis, celebrates his 25th birthday. He is still single and lives at home with Lennie, siblings Frank and Myrtle, and their parents Josiah and Martha Jane. Benjamin will marry in 1907 and he and his wife will raise nine children.
I want to go back to my previous post. Remember yesterday's letter in the Omaha Bee written by Lucius C. Pease? Today I learned that Pease won a Pulitzer in 1949 for editorial cartooning. He was an artist, political cartoonist, and writer. He spent a couple years in the Yukon during the gold rush years.
"We brought four big oxen and three months' feed for them. I decided upon oxen for two reasons. The man upon whom we had depended for dogs raised the price to double that agreed upon, but fortunately I had learned something by a trip I made to Skagway and Talya some two months ago for the purpose of acquainting myself with the needs of the trip. I found that oxen were about the most satisfactory animals of all the varieties of quadrupeds that have been used on this trail since the rush began. I met Willis Thorpe, the oldtimer, who has made money during the last two seasons taking stock to the Yukon over the Dalton trail. He said oxen would go where horses could not be made to go and that they would haul twice as much on the same feed and could stand more cold. A dog will not haul much more than to last himself in the journey to Dawson and you have got to take a lot of dogs to haul a man's outfit. When I returned from Skagway my partner agreed with me, and when the dog man wired us that he could not give us the dogs for less than $50 each we telegraphed back: "No dogs' thanks. We shall put our trust in God and oxen."
"The four (oxen) average 1,800 pounds each. They are young, lively and exceedingly gentle, and work singly in harness, each drawing a large toboggan fourteen feet long with three shoes bolted on the bottom to protect it from the wear of the ice and rough ground and to keep it from sliding sideways down a slope. Each toboggan will take as a nice shaped load 600 pounds of pressed hay, 600 pounds of corn and barley and 800 pounds of outfit for ourselves. This is forty days' provisions for the ox, and four toboggans take our entire outfit, which weighs 3,000 pounds, and includes tools and one year's provisions for the men. The oxen travel in single file, stringing out into quite a respectable caravan."
I won't include the entire letter for I'm not certain it is in public domain (in regards to copyright) but I think it will be fine to include these excerpts to illustrate to you the difficulty of traveling to the Klondike in those days.
...we are now hauling our stuff from the cache to the summit, two miles and a half above. When all our goods are at the summit we shall.............make a rush for the first timber on the other side, which is about twenty miles. That done, we shall consider half our journey to the Yukon accomplished.....we may be delayed for some time should a period of very stormy weather set in, but we have cattle feed to last fifty days and we are contented in the knowledge that the hardest part of our journey over the pass is done. We are well and my appetite is enormous."
Mr. Pease and his outfit are well stocked with food. He mentions the following "grub" which is to last them a year in the Yukon.
Condensed coffee and milk, cereals, pilot bread, corn meal, pea meal, wheat flour, canned baked beans, rice, barley, small beans, rolled oats, meats, butter, bacon, salt pork, cheese, smoked herring, ham, saccharine tablets, sugar, molasses; dried soup vegetables, potatoes, onions, squash, dried eggs, raisins, apricots, dried plums and peaches, currants; pepper, salt, eight pounds baking powder, mustard, soda, celery salt, hor seradish, ten bars soap, coal oil, candles, matches galore. Total weight 2,250 pounds, with boxes. Total cost, $300.
Betcha didn't know that saccharine was first produced in 1878 at Johns Hopkins University.
See the interesting things you learn while following Lennie's Diary?
P.S. While googling for Lucius Pease I found that one of his paintings is up for sale on eBay this week. I am in no way connected to this sale, yada, yada, but thought you might like to see the listing here.
Thanks for sharing this Alaskan adventure.
Lennie Loses His Girlfriend. Life Becomes Dull.
Lennie Notes a "Hot Time in Cuba"


131 Summer Camps in for "Fountain Valley, CA"
A day and night camp for boys. Come Join the fun! Swimming, Hiking, Sports, and many other activities! And learn more about the Catholic Faith!
Horseback camp. Spend a week learning about horses and how to ride as well as variety of other fun camp activities.
Coast 2 Coast Soccer runs summer soccer camps and after school soccer programs in cities throughout southern California.
A dyslexia reading camp program. Specializing in the Orton-Gillingham approach.


text:
CIA Democrats Call For Aggression Against Russia, Run Pro-War Campaigns In 2018 Congressional Races
By Patrick Martin, Wsws.org
CIA Democrats Call For Aggression Against Russia, Run Pro-War Campaigns In 2018 Congressional Races2018-10-092018-10-09https://popularresistance-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2017/12/popres-shorter.pngPopularResistance.Orghttps://popularresistance-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2018/10/26892249174_7308115ee3_k-e1539098675551.jpg200px200px
Above Photo: Political Office/Flickr
The Democratic Party is widely favored to win control of the House of Representatives in the US midterm elections November 6, with projections that it will gain 30 to 50 seats, or even more, well above the net gain of 23 required for a majority.
The last time the Democratic Party won control of the House from the Republicans was in 2006, when it captured 30 Republican seats on the basis of a limited appeal to the massive antiwar sentiment among working people after three years of disastrous and bloody warfare in Iraq, and five years after the US invasion and occupation of Afghanistan.
In stark contrast, there is not a hint of an antiwar campaign by the Democratic challengers seeking Republican seats in the 2018 elections. On the contrary, the pronouncements of leading Democrats on foreign policy issues have been strongly pro-war, attacking the Trump administration from the right for its alleged softness on Russia and its hostility to traditional US-led alliances like NATO.
This is particularly true of the 30 Democratic congressional nominees in competitive races who come from a national-security background. These challengers, previously identified by the World Socialist Web Site as the CIA Democrats, constitute the largest single grouping among Democratic nominees in competitive seats, more than state and local officials, lawyers or those wealthy enough to finance their own campaigns.
The 30 national-security candidates include six actual CIA, FBI or military intelligence agents, six State Department or other civilian national security officials, 11 combat veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan, all but one an officer, and seven other military veterans, including pilots, naval officers and military prosecutors (JAGs).
The range of views expressed by these 30 candidates is quite limited. With only one exception, Jared Golden, running in the First District of Maine, the military-intelligence Democrats do not draw any negative conclusions from their experience in leading, planning or fighting in the wars of the past 25 years, including two wars against Iraq, the invasion of Afghanistan, and other military engagements in the Persian Gulf and North and East Africa.
Golden, who is also the only rank-and-file combat veteran—as opposed to an officer—and the only one who admits to having suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, criticizes congressional rubber-stamping of the wars of the past 20 years. "Over the past decade and a half, America has spent trillions on the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and on other conflicts across the globe," his campaign website declares. "War should be a last resort, and only undertaken when the security interests of America are clearly present, and the risks and costs can be appropriately justified to the American people."
These sentiments hardly qualify as antiwar, but they sound positively radical compared to the materials posted on the websites of many of the other military-intelligence candidates. In some ways, Golden is the exception that proves the rule. What used to be the standard rhetoric of Democratic Party candidates when running against the administration of George W. Bush has been entirely scrapped in the course of the Obama administration, the first in American history to have been engaged in a major military conflict for every day of its eight years.
All the other national-security candidates accept as a basic premise that the United States must maintain its dominant world position. The most detailed foreign policy doctrine appears on the website of Amy McGrath, who is now favored to win her contest against incumbent Republican incumbent Andy Barr in the Sixth Congressional District of Kentucky.
McGrath follows closely the line of the Obama administration and the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, supporting the Iran nuclear deal that Trump tore up, embracing Israel, warning of North Korea's development of nuclear weapons, and declaring it "critical that the US work with our allies and partners in the region to counter China's advances" in the South China Sea and elsewhere in Asia.
But Russia is clearly the main target of US national-security efforts, in her view. She writes, "Our Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has testified that Russia is the greatest threat to American security. Russia poses an existential threat to the United States due to its nuclear weapons and its behavior in the past several years has been disturbing. Russia's aggression in Georgia, Crimea, Ukraine, and Syria has been alarming. It's becoming more assertive in the Arctic, likely the most important geostrategic zone of competition in the coming decades. The US should consider providing defensive arms to Ukraine and exerting more pressure on Moscow using economic sanctions."
She concludes by calling for an investigation modeled on the 9/11 Commission into alleged Russian interference in the 2016 elections.
Five other national-security candidates focus on specific warnings about the danger of Russia and China, thus aligning themselves with the new national security orientation set in the most recent Pentagon strategy document, which declares that the principal US national security challenge is no longer the "war on terror," but the prospect of great power conflicts, above all with Russia and China.
Jessica Morse, a former State Department and AID official in Iraq, running in the Fourth District of California, blasts the Trump administration for "giving away global leadership to powers like China and Russia. Our security and our economy will both suffer if those countries are left to re-write the international rules."
Former FBI agent Christopher Hunter, running in the 12th District of Florida, declares, "Russia is a clear and present danger to the United States. We emerged victorious over the Soviet Union in the Cold War. We must resolve anew to secure an uncompromising victory over Russia and its tyrannical regime."
Elissa Slotkin, the former CIA agent and Pentagon official running in Michigan's Eighth Congressional District, cites her 14 years of experience "working on some of our country's most critical national security matters, including U.S.-Russia relations, the counter-ISIS campaign, and the U.S. relationship with NATO." She argues that "the United States must make investments in its military, intelligence, and diplomatic power" in order to maintain "a unique and vital role in the world."
Max Rose, a combat commander in Afghanistan now running in New York's 11th Congressional District (Staten Island and Brooklyn), calls for "recognizing Russia as a hostile foreign power and holding the Kremlin accountable for its attempts to undermine the sovereignty and democratic values of other nations." Rose is still in the military reserves, and took two weeks off from his campaign in August to participate in small-unit drills.
Joseph Kopser, running in the 21st District of Texas, is another anti-Russian firebrand, writing on his website, "As a retired Army Ranger, I know first hand the importance of standing strong with your allies. Given Russia's march toward a totalitarian state showing aggression around the region, as well as their extensive cyber and information warfare campaign directed at the U.S., England, and others, our Article 5 [NATO] commitment to our European allies and partners is more important than ever." He concludes, "Since the mid-twentieth century, the United States has been a principal world leader—a standard that should never be changed."
Four national-security candidates add North Korea and Iran to China and Russia as specific targets of American military and diplomatic attack.
Josh Welle, a former naval officer who was deployed to Afghanistan, now running in the Fourth Congressional District of New Jersey, writes, "We have to stand together in the face of threats from countries like North Korea and Iran. The human rights violations and nuclear capabilities of these countries pose a direct threat to the stability of this world and therefore need to be met with strong military presence and a robust defense program to protect ourselves."
Tom Malinowski, former assistant secretary of state for human rights, running in New Jersey's Seventh District, calls for maintaining economic sanctions on Russia "until it stops its aggression in Ukraine and interference in our democracy," effusively endorses the state of Israel (whose government actually interferes in US elections more than any other), and calls for stepped up sanctions against North Korea.
Mikie Sherill, a former Navy pilot and Russian policy officer, running in New Jersey's 11th District, writes, "I have sat across the table from the Russians, and know that we need our government to take the threat they pose seriously." She adds to this a warning about "threats posed by North Korea and Iran," the two most immediate targets of military-diplomatic blackmail by the Trump administration. She concludes, referring to North Korea's nuclear program, "For that reason I support a robust military presence in the region and a comprehensive missile defense program to defend America, our allies, and our troops abroad."
Dan McCready, an Iraq war unit commander who claims to have been born again when he was baptized in water from the Euphrates River, calls for war to be waged only "with overwhelming firepower," not "sporadically, with no strategy or end in sight, while our enemies like Iran, North Korea, Russia, and the terrorists outsmart and outlast us." He is running in North Carolina's Ninth Congressional District, adjacent to the huge military complex at Fort Bragg.
One military-intelligence candidate cites immigration as a national-security issue, echoing the position of the Trump administration, which constantly peddles scare stories that terrorists are infiltrating the United States disguised as immigrants and refugees. That is Richard Ojeda, running in the Third Congressional District of West Virginia, who publicly boasts of having voted for Trump in 2016, in the same election in which he won a seat in the West Virginia state senate running as a Democrat.
Ojeda writes on his web site, "We must also ensure that terrorists do not reach American soil by abusing our immigration process. We must keep an up to date terror watch list but provide better vetting for those that go onto the watch list."
A career Army Airborne officer, Ojeda voices the full-blown militarism of this social layer. "If there is one thing I am confident in, it is the ability of our nation's military," he declares. "The best way to keep Americans safe is to let our military do their job without muddying up their responsibilities with our political agendas."
He openly rejects control of the military by civilian policy-makers. "War is not a social experiment and I refuse to let politics play a role in my decision making when it comes to keeping you and your family safe," he continues. "I will not take my marching orders from anyone else concerning national security."
Only one of the 30 candidates, Ken Harbaugh, a retired Air Force pilot running in the Seventh Congressional District of Ohio, centered on the industrial city of Canton, acknowledges being part of this larger group. He notes, "In 2018, more vets are running for office than at any moment in my lifetime. Because of the growing inability of Washington to deal responsibly with the threats facing our nation, veterans from both sides of the aisle are stepping into the breach."
Referring to the mounting prospect of war, he writes, "Today, we face our gravest geopolitical challenge since 9/11. Our country remains at war in Afghanistan, we have troops engaged in North Africa, Iraq and Syria, and Russia continues to bully our allies. Meanwhile, North Korea has the ability to directly threaten the American mainland with nuclear missiles." He concludes, "we need leaders with the moral authority to speak on these issues, leaders who have themselves been on the front lines of these challenges."
These statements, taken cumulatively, present a picture of unbridled militarism and aggression as the program of the supposed "opposition" to the Trump administration's own saber-rattling and threats of "fire and fury like the world has never seen."
Perhaps even more remarkable is that the remaining 17 national-security candidates say nothing at all about foreign policy (in 11 cases) or limit themselves to anodyne observations about the necessity to provide adequate health care and other benefits to veterans (two cases), or vague generalities about the need to combine a strong military with diplomatic efforts (four cases). They give no specifics whatsoever.
In other words, while these candidates tout their own records as part of the national-security apparatus as their principal credential for election to Congress, they decline to tell the voters what they would do if they were in charge of American foreign policy.
Given that these 17 include intelligence agents (Abigail Spanberger and Gina Ortiz Jones), a National Security Council Iraq war planner (Andy Kim), and numerous other high-level State Department and military commanders, the silence can have only the most ominous interpretation.
These CIA Democrats don't want to tell voters about their plans for foreign policy and military intervention because they know these measures are deeply unpopular. They aim to gain office as stealth candidates, unveiling their program of militarism and war only after they take their seats, when they may very well exercise decisive influence in the next Congress.
CIA Electoral Politics Inter-Imperialist Rivalry Russia
Tom Violett
NJ always the most corrupt. I was at an OR meeting tonight as we're doing canvassing together on medicare for all and when I handed out the Peace Congress fliers and explained the weekends events they all complained about these congressional candidates stances on endless wars for profit.
kevinzeese
Good job spreading the word!
Dawn Wolfson
There's a Jessica Morse town hall meeting tonight. I don't think she'd appreciate being asked whether she is a "CIA Democrat", would probably just deny. I am thinking of a good question to ask her.
chetdude
The neoliberal, war mongering democrats are partly correct.
As the USAmerican Empire commits suicide by bloated war machine, a delusional fixation on "national security" and terminal domestic neglect its major "enemies", those nations fighting them for global economic domination in the future are in Eurasia – Notably Russia, China and the most affluent nations in the EU…
Of course, since those nations are cooperating to build the infrastructure necessary to take over as USAmerica implodes instead of wasting their resources on bloated war machines, they will win and USAmerica will lose — every empire eventually falls…
Of course the "good news" is that unless they all radically change course, Mother Nature's Blowback to fossil-fueled consumer capitalism will take us all out…and frustrate their plans…
I'm dying to know what you asked and what she answered…
Didn't get the opportunity, but she was quoted as wanting to preserve the US's position in the world, and I was going to ask how we could possibly do that and take care of our people here.
That's pretty much what I expected.
Translated from political froth into English it's "More big bucks for the bloated war machine" to continue the Empire's holding action…
They don't really care about "taking care" of our people here…the Oligarchs who own them have become "Global" and are looking at other "markets" to grow their neoliberal, capitalist Ponzi-scheme economy…
Other than to provide menial "services" that can't be outsourced, they just don't need us that much any more…
It's also concerning that she has backed way off of her position supporting universal health care.
To corollary to the old saying that "Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely" in USAmerican politics is "the corrupt system co-opts – the higher one gets, the more absolutely it corrupts."
Schumer follows up fast tracking 15 hard right wing Federal Judges (lifetime appointments) with 15 more yesterday. Thanks to democrat collusion, more of Trump's Federal Judges have been seated in less than 2 years than during the entire 8 years of Obama…


I know all too well. Too many of my years have had hard beginnings. Not any more.
Now, I'm at a softer stage of life. I find myself searching high and low for shoes with the softest soles. I can wait for books to come out in their soft covers, and am willing to pay extra for softer, gentler soap.
After four years of lessons, it was evident that I lacked many things, but mostly I needed a deeper desire and a different DNA. No matter how hard we tried, those 88 keys just weren't enough.
Thanks for sticking with me as I write (and live) off and on. Happy New Year!
Book photo by Daria Shevtsova on Unsplash.
Other photo credits given on separate post pages.
Previous Article Who Told You?
I smiled as I read and remembered. Thanks, Karen, for lifting your voice once again.
Karen – Your post made my second cup of coffee so much more enjoyable! Thanks for reposting your 2017 reflections. Some seasons we are so overwhelmed by "busyness" that reflective time slides off the table altogether. Your fan club hopes you are able to carve out time to reflect and write in 2018!
I know…i was gonna mention that i missed your sweet verse at the Christmas pageant.
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text:
Q: When should I use rdf:ID instead of rdf:about? I come cross a books ontology, in the bottom of the owl document, we have:
<!-- Object Properties -->
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#contains"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#datePublished"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#hasGenre"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#hasGrade"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#hasName"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#hasSize"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#hasType"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#isTitled"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#publishedBy"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#timePublished"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="#writtenBy"/>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="isReserved">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Book"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>A reservation has been made by a person for a book.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="isNotReserved">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Book"/>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>The given book is available in the library.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
</rdf:RDF>

I just can't understand why the author of this ontology choose to use rdf:ID in  in the last two owl:ObjectProperty (isReserved and isNotReserved) instead of just using rdf:about like the rest ?
ps: I fully read RDF/XML part that specifies the use of xml:base and rdf:ID and checked in the answer here, just I need further clarification in the context of the ontology defined in the above gist.
quote from RDF/XML specs:

The rdf:ID attribute on a node element (not property element, that has
  another meaning) can be used instead of rdf:about and gives a relative
  IRI equivalent to # concatenated with the rdf:ID attribute value. So
  for example if rdf:ID="name", that would be equivalent to
  rdf:about="#name". rdf:ID provides an additional check since the same
  name can only appear once in the scope of an xml:base value (or
  document, if none is given), so is useful for defining a set of
  distinct, related terms relative to the same IRI.

A:
I just can't understand why the author of this ontology choose to use rdf:ID in in the last two owl:ObjectProperty (isReserved and isNotReserved) instead of just using rdf:about like the rest ?

It shouldn't really matter.  Ideally, the author wasn't manipulating the RDF/XML by hand anyway, and was using a library to write the serialization.  The rdf:ID and rdf:about properties aren't actually part of the RDF graph;  they're just used in the XML serialization of RDF called RDF/XML.  Tools shouldn't depend on the particular structure of the RDF/XML serialization, since the same RDF graph can be written in RDF/XML in various ways.  See, e.g., this answer to How to access OWL documents using XPath in Java? for some examples.
For instance, I downloaded the books.owl file and read it in with Jena and wrote it back out in XML.  My new books.owl shows the results. There's no rdf:ID in it at all, but it's exactly the same RDF graph.  An RDF processing tool sees exactly the same graph, i.e., the same collection of triples.  One of the properties that used rdf:ID is now serialized as
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://127.0.0.1:3001/ontology/books.owl#isNotReserved">
  <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://127.0.0.1:3001/ontology/books.owl#Book"/>
  <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
  >The given book is available in the library.</rdfs:comment>
</owl:ObjectProperty>

Although, in practice, you might prefer to use rdf:about in preference to rdf:ID, it's not officially deprecated or anything.  It's still used in the RDF/XML 1.1 spec, for instance, as described in §2.14 Abbreviating URIs: rdf:ID and xml:base.
In practice, it's probably a better idea to use a more human-readable and human-writable syntax, like Turtle.  The same Gist shows the results of rewriting the ontology in Turtle, books.ttl.  With Turtle, you get to write the triples directly, and don't have to worry about rdf:ID or rdf:about.  In Turtle, that property declaration becomes:
:isNotReserved a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:comment "The given book is available in the library."^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> ;
    rdfs:domain :Book .


text:
Home › Le Ondra Clark Harvey, Ph.D.
Le Ondra Clark Harvey, Ph.D.
California Council of Community Behavioral Health Agencies
Patient Advocate, Mental Health Conditions
Appointed by Lieutenant Governor
Dr. Clark Harvey is a psychologist and the Chief Executive Officer of the California Council of Community Behavioral Health Agencies a statewide advocacy organization representing mental health and substance use disorder non-profit agencies that collectively serve over 750 thousand Californians annually. She is also the Executive Director of the California Access Coalition- a group of advocacy organizations and pharmaceutical industry companies that advocates for patient access to behavioral health treatment. Dr. Clark Harvey has previously served as Chief Consultant to the California State Assembly Committee on Business and Professions, Principal Consultant to the Senate Committee on Business, Professions and Economic Development, and a health policy consultant to the office of former Senator Curren D. Price, Jr.
Prior to her work within the California Legislature, she completed her Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She completed her pre-doctoral fellowship at the University of Southern California Children's Hospital Los Angeles and a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of California, Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital.
Dr. Clark Harvey has maintained an impressive record of leadership including serving on national and local boards including the American Psychological Association (APA), and prior positions on the Association of Black Psychologists, Sacramento County Public Health Advisory Board and the Sacramento County Children's Coalition. Dr. Clark Harvey has received numerous awards and in 2020, was appointed by California Governor Gavin Newsom to his Master Plan on Aging Advisory Committee and the Behavioral Health Task Force. In 2021, she was appointed by California Lieutenant Governor Eleni Kounalakis to the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine Board.


The final chapter in transforming Henry Ford's 1931 car factory on the San Francisco Bay waterfront for 21st Century re-uses, the center occupies an industrial building originally designed to store oil to fuel the operations of the adjacent car factory. During World War II, the Ford Plant production switched from cars to jeeps, tanks, and armored cars, and these and other military vehicles were assembled by the famed "Rosie the Riveters" - women who assumed critically important jobs in trades that had been traditionally limited to men. The Rosie the Riveter Visitor Center – a history museum fittingly located in this historic building on this historic site, commissioned by a public-private partnership between the National Park Service and Orton Development Inc. - commemorates these women, many of whom worked on this very site, and whose legacy left a sweeping impact on American attitudes towards women in the work-place.
The brick and steel structure was designed in the 1930's as an 'Oil House' that served an adjacent factory. This factory drew its energy from steam-driven electricity produced on-site in the complex's 'Boiler House'. The Oil House, sited just a dozen yards from the Boiler House and adjacent to a dedicated rail line, would receive rail-shipped oil that was stored in the Oil House before being pumped through an underground tunnel to the boilers in the Boiler House next door. Today, the former car factory draws nearly 100% of its power needs from the sun through a 1 megawatt high-efficiency roof-top solar photovoltaic system instead of from the former Oil House. The 21st Century program requirements for a history museum and visitor education center work beautifully within the simple one-story-with-basement gable roofed structure. The design approach enhances the building's original character and materials. The existing structure's refurbishments consist of interventions that not only accommodate the history museum's program, but also highlight the contrast between original and new architectural texture.


text:
Looking Inside: Intel and Conflict Minerals
by Kenneth W. Shotts, Sheila Melvin,
Looking Inside: Intel and Conflict Minerals ^ ETH5
#ETH5
Kenneth W. Shotts
Sheila Melvin
Supply chain sustainability
Global corporate citizenship
Stanford Graduate School of Business
Supply chain management,Nongovernmental organizations,Conflict management,Technology,Supply chain sustainability,Global corporate citizenship
Source: Stanford Graduate School of Business
The term "conflict minerals" referred to four minerals-tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold-that are mined in countries throughout the world, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These minerals, sometimes referred to as the "3TG" minerals, were used in many industries for a variety of purposes. The electronics industry was a significant user of the "3 T's" and gold. Tungsten, for instance, was used in the screens of cellphones and also created the vibrating alert. Tantalum held the battery charge in a cellphone or tablet, was critical to the exchange of text messages and emails, and was a component of cellphone camera lenses. The conflict minerals issue dated to the early 2000s but public awareness took years to develop, following the efforts of nongovernment organizations such as the Enough Project. Intel began to work on the issue internally in 2008, at the direction of its CEO, and conducted its first conflict minerals supply chain survey in 2009. Intel then pledged to manufacture microprocessors with tantalum sourced from conflict-free supply chains by 2012 and to make the world's first commercially available microprocessor that is DRC conflict free for all four metals by 2013; it achieved both goals. Intel's decision to address the conflict minerals problem head-on was one of the movement's first big successes; the policies Intel implemented to obtain conflict-free minerals went beyond what was required by Dodd-Frank.
Product #: ETH5
Related Topics: Supply chain management, Nongovernmental organizations, Conflict management, Technology, Supply chain sustainability, Global corporate citizenship,
| Industry and Background Note
A Brief Note on Difficult Discussions Between Doctors and Patients
By Alexander Tauber, H. Irving Grousbeck, C.G. Prober,
Two Miscellaneous Vignettes
By H. Irving Grousbeck, Alexander Tauber, Elizabeth A. Zambricki,
Intel: Undermining the Conflict Mineral Industry
By Andrew Hoffman,
By Eric Dolansky,
Alza and Ciba-Geigy: Renewing the Collaboration? (B4): Martin Gerstel, CEO of ALZA Corp.
By Reinhard Angelmar, Mark Hunter, Yves L. Doz,


Merge "Add configuration to enable/disable L7,L4 protocols"
177 help="Whether TLS termination is available with provider " 177 help="Whether TLS termination is available with provider "
181 help="Whether L7 Protocols are available with the provider"
185 help="The type of L4 Protocol which is supported with the"
32 """Test the l7policy object API.""" 32 """Test the l7policy object API."""
36 """Setup resources needed by the tests.""" 45 """Setup resources needed by the tests."""
32 """Test the l7rule object API.""" 32 """Test the l7rule object API."""
33 """Setup resources needed by the tests.""" 42 """Setup resources needed by the tests."""


text:
Speedster Gallery
Welcome to the Model T Ford Speedster Gallery. This page is dedicated to the Model T Speedster in all its forms. With the fascination in racing in the early 20th century, many a Model t owner was inspired to build their own Speedster. Whether this can be attributed to the success of Henry Ford with his speed record of 60mph in 1903 or the endurance of the Model T in the cross country race from New York to Seattle in 1909 is anyone's guess. But the Model T was raced by many in varied forms and spawned a range of aftermarket accessories to improve speed such as the Rajo and Frontenac ovehead valve heads, different carburettors and lowered front axles among many. Here are a range of photo's of Speedsters, kindly supplied by Model T enthusiasts from around the world. Click on each image to view a larger version.
Assembled from 18-26 parts, Fronty T Head Chicago Aux Transmission, owned by Walt Berdan of Washington USA. 1923 Speedster fitted with a Frontenac Head and Perex honeycomb radiator, owned by Terry Howarth, Queensland Australia. 1926 Speedster, owned by Glen Pullin of Victoria, Australia.
Speedster owned by Alan Tobin. Speedster owned by Alan Tobin. Assembled from 18-26 parts, Fronty T Head Chicago Aux Transmission, owned by Walt Berdan of Washington USA
Click here to view more Speedsters from around the world
Return to Model T Central Gallery


text:
May 03, 2018, 06:28AM
"The Zone" Is Every Athlete's Dream
You never know when you'll be able to get back into it.
It can be glorious to watch an accomplished person operating at the full height of their powers, regardless of the arena. It could be a stand-up comedian who's killing for the entire set without so much as a hiccup, a jazz pianist who's tuned into some ethereal frequency, or a controversial thinker getting grilled by a television interviewer and handling every sharp inquiry with grace and dexterity. Sometimes these dazzling performances are viewed by millions and can lead to fame and fortune, but even the plebes have a shot at a tiny slice of the glory when they're "on their game" at the quotidian level. It happens regularly at local bowling alleys, softball fields, and even bars—a pool shark runs the pool table all night long and he's legend for a couple of hours.
When athletes make the most difficult plays in sports look effortless, they're said to be in The Zone. The Zone's a rarefied mental space of supreme focus—a Zen-like state where all the detritus in the mind's driven out so it can laser in on what's happening on the tennis court, the football field, the 18th green, or wherever a ball needs to be put in a hole.
When you've watched a lot of sports, your memory blurs on some of the details—the highlight reel in your head has a limited capacity. That spectacular walk-off home run in May that was so thrilling years ago eventually becomes dormant in your mind— you'll recall it only if something jogs your memory.
The sports fan's memories that never fade are when the athlete's in The Zone and the stakes are high. Think of San Francisco 49ers quarterback Joe Montana's four Super Bowl performances—all wins—when Joe Cool looked like he was just throwing the ball around in his backyard. Michael Jordan's another. MJ's intensity in the big moments manifested itself in every aspect of his body language. You just knew he wouldn't be denied when everything was on the line. For me, however, the single most vivid memory of someone in The Zone is Reggie Miller's astounding performance against the New York Knicks in Game Five of the 1994 Eastern Conference Finals at Madison Square Garden. The Indiana Pacers shooting guard dropped 25 points on the Knicks in the fourth quarter, but his team was still down by six with 18.7 seconds remaining in the game. Miller secured the impossible win by then scoring eight points in nine seconds. The sharpshooter was, as they also say, "out of his mind." That "choke" gesture he then gave to the courtside Spike Lee must've been enormously satisfying.
When an elite athlete finds the door's suddenly closed, denying them access to the mysterious powers they once took for granted, the story's riveting, just as all great falls from grace are. The downfall evokes both horror and schadenfreude, as people love to see the powerful stripped of their status and reduced to their own pedestrian level. The most transfixing example of this phenomenon in modern sports history is Tiger Woods' collapse after that Thanksgiving evening in 2009 when his wife chased the winner of 14 majors out of their Florida house with a golf club. Woods hasn't found The Zone again in a major tournament since that day.
The Zone's not the exclusive terrain of the nonpareil athlete, however. In fact, I have my own experience, however humble, of being there. For a period of approximately a year and a half, I was able to put a dart pretty much where I wanted it to go. Nothing like the pros can do, but I excelled in informal bar competitions. I was a semi-pro. The games were always for money, and I'd regularly make $25-$50 in an evening at various bars around town, which happened to be Tokyo. I can't remember ever losing money during that period. It was all about zeroing in on a one square millimeter spot on the board and concentrating on it—and only it—through the release of the dart. It sounds simple, but most people let extraneous thoughts creep into their mind.
I had a good run, raking in at least enough cash to pay for my drinks on those evenings, but my "Thanksgiving evening" also arrived cruelly and out of the blue. My normal delivery would sometimes become a herky jerky motion in an upward direction because I could no longer get my right forearm to move forward properly. It was like a car that lurches forward, rather than smoothly accelerating, when put into gear. Sometimes it was so bad I'd have a hard time even hitting the dart board, which is like whiffing at a teed-up golf ball on the embarrassment scale. Something had invaded my brain. Mind and body would no longer work as one.
I stopped playing darts after a while, unable to fix the problem. About a year later, I threw some darts in a bar in New York's East Village. I beat a guy who thought he was a dart hotshot. He acted shocked that he'd lost, which is what you often get from that type, or the other annoying bar type that's showing off for their girlfriend at darts or pool. He didn't know I'd once been on "the circuit" too. I haven't played much more darts since that evening, however. Still, I look back fondly on those Tokyo nights.
Older Sports
A Golden Sombrero for Tebow
Unlikely Spring
We're In An Era of Media Saturation
Newer Sports
Joe Weider and the Perfect Male Body
Montreal Canadiens Poised for Repeated Failure
Can't Boil The Ocean


Padded back of the backpack provides a comfortable feel.
The inside pouches are made by waterproof material, wearable and durable.
Equipped with durable zipper closure, all pounces are easy to open and close.


I happen to be a huge fan of the widescreen film format, which, in various incarnations, is the standard of choice for motion pictures. In this format, the film is projected in a ratio that is rectangular, rather than square.
But widescreen has not always been in vogue. Last night I watched Seven Samurai, one of Akira Kurosawa's most heralded films. Seven Samurai has a non-widescreen ratio. It is slightly rectangular but not by much.
So although there is a slightly rectangular shape, it pales in comparison to other widescreen formats, such as CinemaScope.
Here is a frame from Ivan Reitman's opus, Ghostbusters. It is in anamorphic widescreen format. Please note, depending on the movie screen, there may or may not be the black bars at the top and bottom of the screen.
Anyway, I've been thinking it's time for a new format. In fact, I think the whole 4-sided approach is tired. I therefore am supporting a move to TriVision, a triangular format which I have invented. I have converted the recent tour-de-force, The Nanny Diaries, into this format, and it works quite well.