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The Pandemic's Psychological Toll
Posted on December 8, 2020 by wsuvresearch
Hospitality workers have suffered an unprecedented loss of well-being since COVID-19 shut down much of their industry.
When you enter a restaurant or check in at a hotel, you typically feel a sense of anticipation. You expect the staff—from hosts to servers to desk clerks—to show warmth, consideration and a welcoming smile. But the hospitality labor market, including those who work in food, lodging and tourism, isn't the growing, confident force it was less than a year ago. These days, that worker's smile may not come so naturally.
Women make up more than half of the hospitality workforce
Since March of this year, as the country locked down and travel restrictions were imposed locally, nationally and internationally, COVID-19 has wreaked havoc with the hospitality industry. Indeed, perhaps no other industry was hit so hard. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate in accommodations and food and beverage services had risen to 37.3% in April 2020. Many hospitality workers had been laid off or furloughed, and many of those who kept their jobs felt insecure. Since then, although some establishments have rebounded modestly, some others have closed entirely and more people have lost their livelihoods.
"It unfolded very quickly," said Chun-Chu (Bamboo) Chen, assistant professor of hospitality business management at WSU Vancouver. "While many people were able to work from home, hospitality workers have no choice. They have to work on site." When students told him about their experiences being furloughed or laid off, Chen wanted to know more about the pandemic's impact on their overall health and well-being.
Bamboo Chen, PhD
Working with an online research company, Chen surveyed about 1,200 hospitality workers. They fell into three groups. The first group remained fully employed and experienced little to no impact. The second group had been furloughed, surviving on reduced hours or not being paid but still considered employees of the company. The third group had been laid off; they were on their own.
In a paper published in October in Annals of Tourism Research[SL1] , "Psychological tolls of COVID-19 on industry employees," Chen identified three key stressors that affected well-being:
Pandemic-induced panic
Social isolation or lack of social support
"In terms of overall well-being, my respondents were pretty bad," Chen said. Understandably, panic affected most everyone to some degree. But those who still had social support and employment were better able to cope with the psychological trauma.
Unemployed and furloughed workers who had lost both their income and the social support of colleagues were most severely affected by the pandemic. Interestingly, Chen adds, "female and younger respondents were also hit harder, regardless of their employment status." Because the hospitality workforce skews female (52.8%, and 58.7% of Chen's respondents) and younger (median age of 30.7; and 62.5% under 40 in Chen's sample), the impact is widely felt.
Implications for the industry
The study results were not surprising, but having empirical evidence is important for long-term thinking and planning for the industry, Chen said. "What's really surprised me," he added, is that "social support and isolation play a very important role here, and social support is a bigger factor [in well-being] than unemployment. I think that is the most unexpected finding from my study."
The March/April lockdowns cost half of the hospitality jobs in the U.S.
One possible explanation why losing a job can be doubly devastating—loss of income and loss of co-workers' support—is that hospitality workers are inherently social beings. "We have to face people on a daily basis," Chen pointed out. For employers, while it is impractical to keep their employees on the payroll when there is no or little revenue, these findings pose some significant implications: When the industry rebounds, will it have trouble recruiting workers, who might see their jobs as precarious? If laid-off workers are rehired, will they be as outgoing as before, or might they be wary? How loyal will they feel to their employer?
Chen has a couple of other projects in the works. One is looking at whether losing a job in a pandemic or getting infected is a greater source of fear. He also hopes to look at the long-term impact of the current situation on the hospitality labor market.
A native of Taiwan, where he worked in the hospitality industry as a marketer for a resort hotel, Chen earned his Ph.D. at Texas A&M University in 2012 and joined WSU Vancouver in 2018. His project was funded via the mini-grant process by WSU Vancouver's Office of Research and Graduate Education.
Homemade masks for a pandemic
Posted on October 9, 2020 by wsuvresearch
Shelly Fritz and colleagues tested two homemade masks and found one showing potential for respirator protection for health-care workers.
When COVID-19 began to spread in spring 2020, Shelly Fritz started hearing that protective N95 respirator masks were in short supply. If they couldn't obtain them, nurses were being asked to take unusual measures, such as reusing masks. Fritz was alarmed. "Reusing masks was not considered standard infection-control practice," she said. "It created a lot of chaos." But what was the alternative?
As shortages of personal protective equipment loomed nationwide, well-intentioned people across the country were making masks and dropping them off at hospitals. And yet, Fritz wondered, how do we know these masks truly protect the wearer? "We are a field that does not make decisions without evidence," she said. "So, as nurses, we got creative."
A simple, home-made mask
Fritz, an assistant professor of nursing at WSU Vancouver, worked with two colleagues—Marian Wilson of WSU Spokane and nurse anesthetist Shawn Brow—on a study to test how well homemade masks could work. The study is described their article, "Impact and Efficacy of Homemade Masks in a Pandemic," which currently appears in American Nurse, the flagship journal of the American Nurses Association.
Researching the literature for what scant evidence could be found, the researchers asked local seamstresses to make an eight-layer cotton mask and a furnace-filter mask using common household materials. For the eight-layer cotton mask, "The materials we used and the number of layers seemed to be the sweet spot between breathability and potential protection," Fritz said. The furnace-filter mask used a removable double layer of 3M Filtrete™ 1500 furnace filter inside. Fritz said the decision to use a furnace-filter in a face mask is similar to off-label use of pharmaceuticals.
The important step was to fit-test the homemade masks to be sure they would work. They enrolled 28 front-line health workers at Arbor Health in Morton, Wash., a community hospital where Fritz chaired the Board of Commissioners. For fit testing, the test subject dons a clear hood that fits over the head and is outfitted with a small opening near the neck. A sweet solution is sprayed through the small opening incrementally while the test subject performs a series of tasks, such as jogging in place and reading a passage. The mask is deemed protective against airborne transmission if it passes all fit testing steps—the person wearing the hood never smells or tastes the sprayed solution.
Fit testing a mask
One of the two prototypes ensured a tight-enough seal to be effective: The furnace-filter mask, which includes a piece of household air filter inserted into a pocket for protection against airborne particles, a moldable wire nose/cheek bridge for sealing close to the face, and white shoelace ties with toggle to secure it in place. The researchers say these washable and reusable masks may be environmentally preferable to disposable masks and are usable in health-care situations.
Easy to make, home-made mask
"We are in no way claiming this is a respirator mask," Fritz said, "because those have to go through FDA approval and testing. But 12 of the 28 participants passed our full 12-step fit testing—they never tasted the sweet solution at all. Clinically, you'd be cleared to go into a room where there is a risk from airborne particles." Some of the masks tested were taped in place with surgical tape, which appeared to provide an extra barrier. Fritz believes with more frontline staff education on effective taping, the pass rate may have been higher.
"What this did tell us is that the mask has potential, and it definitely would work better than the cloth masks everybody is wearing," Fritz said. "With a good fit, the homemade mask could provide enhanced protection beyond a regular cotton homemade mask or a single-layer surgical mask. It has the potential to be used as a stopgap where no other respirator is available."
The pattern and instructions are freely available. "We're putting it out there to help anyone who wants to make their own mask," Fritz said.
The pattern is available on Fritz's professional page on the nursing website: nursing.wsu.edu/people/roschelle-fritz or here.
Posted in COVID19	| Leave a comment
Racial discrimination and health: The Asian American story
Posted on August 27, 2020 by wsuvresearch
Racial bias against Asian Americans is seldom the subject of research. Sara Waters and SuYeon Lee say that has to change.
The signs you see everywhere during the COVID-19 pandemic proclaiming "We're all in this together" don't ring true for Asian Americans. Because some of the first cases were reported in China, there has been a tendency (even by the U.S. President) to blame the Chinese people for its worldwide spread.
SuYeon Lee, PhD student
The blame has been extended to all Asian Americans, many of whom say they have experienced more discrimination and disparagement since people first became aware of the reach of the disease. And there are numbers to back this up. A Pew Research Center survey (2020) showed that 58% of Asian Americans hear racist views more often than before the coronavirus outbreak, and nearly 40% have had adverse experiences themselves because of their ethnicity, such as slurs, jokes or fears of confrontation. In a recent Ipsos poll, 60% of Asian Americans said they had seen someone blame themselves or other Asian Americans for the outbreak. Verbal attacks sometimes escalate into harassment or even physical violence. In California, the situation has led activists to call for more state funding to fight the bias.
SuYeon Lee, a doctoral student in prevention science at WSU Vancouver, was hearing from other immigrant students about the stress they were experiencing since the beginning of the pandemic. Their stories inspired her to look deeper into how discrimination was affecting their mental and physical health. She and Sara Waters, assistant professor of human development at WSU Vancouver, developed a research project and obtained funding via the WSU Vancouver research office, supplemented by some of Lee's fellowship funds.
Sara Waters, PhD
Their study, "Racial Discrimination and Health during COVID-19," based on research conducted in May and June 2020, is "the first to examine the impacts of experiencing racial discriminatory behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic on Asians' mental and physical health," Lee and Waters write in a paper that is under review for publication.
There is little research on Asian Americans and racial bias, in part because Asian Americans are often perceived as a "model minority" that doesn't experience racism as Blacks do. "Especially during the pandemic, but even before, people were not appreciating that this is another group who is experiencing discrimination and its effects, even if they don't fall into that category of 'people of color' in many people's minds," Waters said.
The study sought to determine to what extent Asians and Asian Americans living in the United States have experienced discrimination and microaggressions during the pandemic and whether there have been health consequences. The 416 respondents ranged in age from 19 to their early 60s and represented a diversity of income levels and occupations.
Approximately 29% said they'd seen an increase in racial discrimination since the beginning of the pandemic. Health consequences such as increased anxiety (41%), depression (53%) and sleep problems (43%) had also increased. Although not all had encountered discrimination personally (many were quarantined at home), some reported that hearing about discrimination on the news or from friends was stressful.
The survey also sought to determine the effects of social support, and, as expected, found that social support moderated the effect of perceived discrimination on depression and marginally on physical health.
Many respondents provided examples about being avoided or treated suspiciously in public—getting dirty looks, being conspicuously avoided in stores and on the street. Others wrote about verbal attacks, along the lines of "You caused the virus; go back to where you came from."
"As expected, people who'd experienced more discrimination and microaggression also experienced more mental and physical health problems," Waters said. Anxiety and depression were particularly high, especially in women, while aches and pains and sleep problems were also statistically significant.
The study's goal is to better understand the experiences of racial discrimination and health outcomes of Asian Americans that may help lead to prevention strategies and more culturally sensitive mental health care."A lot of good research shows that discrimination is bad for our health," Waters said. "Most of this research is not with Asians and Asian Americans, so there's not as much work to base ours on. That's really an oversight in the field."
Posted in Equity and diversity	| Leave a comment
Compliance with CDC guidelines: what makes a difference?
Posted on June 24, 2020 by wsuvresearch
For many employees, economic stress inhibits compliance with guidelines intended to limit the spread of COVID-19.
In March, seeking to control the spread of COVID-19 within their jurisdictions, countries and states ordered businesses closed and asked employees to work from home, if possible. In addition, the Centers for Disease Control developed a list of recommended preventative health behaviors for all Americans, including social distancing, wearing facial coverings in public, frequent handwashing, and limiting non-essential trips from home.
Until there is a vaccine or effective treatments in place, public health experts suggest that these so-called "non-pharmaceutical interventions" are necessary to stem the disease. But not everyone can or will enact these COVID-19 prevention behaviors.
Psychology Professor Tahira Probst
Tahira Probst, professor of psychology at WSU Vancouver and an expert in occupational health psychology, and Hyun Jung Lee, a graduate student in her lab, were curious to know more. Based on her lab's prior work linking economic stressors (such as job insecurity and financial strain) with workplace safety behaviors, they designed a study to explore the relationship between these stressors and COVID-19 prevention behaviors among employees.
Graduate student Hyun Jung Lee
With funds from a WSU Vancouver faculty mini-grant and a Marchionne research fellowship awarded to Lee, they are surveying 780 participants from across the country in seven waves over the next year. Participants answer questions ranging from job insecurity and working arrangements to their health to their views of the CDC guidelines. At the same time, they are compiling data on the different ways in which the states have responded to the pandemic to see how these variables might affect employee behavior as well.
Graduate student Andrea Bazzoli
In the first set of analyses, Probst, Lee and Andrea Bazzoli (another graduate student in the Probst lab) tested the hypothesis that job insecurity and financial strain would act as risk factors for lower compliance with the CDC guidelines. They also looked at the severity of state restrictions such as stay-at-home orders and the generosity of the state's unemployment insurance program, which serves as a safety net in the event of job loss.
In their first paper submitted to the Journal of Applied Psychology, titled "Economic stressors and the enactment of CDC-recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors: The impact of state-level context," the authors conclude that employees worried about potential job loss or paying their bills had lower compliance with the guidelines—potentially because economically stressed employees might feel less comfortable requesting to work from home or insisting on social distancing at work.
One thing did make a difference: In states with more robust unemployment benefits, compliance with guidelines was better. State restrictions, however, were another matter.
"Especially in states with extensive COVID-19-related policies, such as stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions, school closures, etc., those workers who are financially precarious are less able to follow the CDC guidelines than financially stable workers," Lee said.
Probst added, "Ironically, state-level policies meant to benefit everyone appear to be most protective in terms of enacting the CDC guidelines for people who are more financially secure."
The study is designed to address a situation in flux. "We think our current findings may be relevant with policymakers to think about intended as well as unintended effects of COVID-19 state policies, as well as the benefits of having a robust social safety net," Probst said. In coming months, Probst and Lee will look more closely at company policies and the extent to which companies are enacting COVID-specific workplace safety guidelines and issues of work-life conflict. They hope to inform public policies to address the evolving crisis while also protecting vulnerable employees facing economic stress.
WSU Vancouver scientist, Stephanie Porter, receives $1 million NSF grant to study food crops
Posted on April 16, 2020 by wsuvresearch
Stephanie Porter, an assistant professor in the School of Biological Sciences at WSU Vancouver, has received a prestigious $1 million grant from the National Science Foundation's Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program. Over the five-year grant period, beginning March 1, Porter will study the symbiosis between plants and their beneficial microbes and how that relationship changes as people domesticate plants for their own use.
The study will focus on legumes important in human diets worldwide, such as soybeans, chickpeas, peas, lentils and peanuts. Legumes account for a quarter of global crop production and a third of human dietary protein. The grant will enable Porter to scale up the research from the greenhouse, where she has collected preliminary data, to agricultural fields in Southwest Washington.
"The NSF CAREER award is a testament to Stephanie's excellence as a scientist and an educator," said Christine Portfors, vice chancellor for research and graduate education for WSU Vancouver and WSU Tri-Cities. "Her work addresses important questions of crop domestication and is a wonderful example of the land grant research mission. The award will enhance opportunities for WSU Vancouver undergraduate students to be involved in cutting-edge research."
Microbes contribute to plant health in many ways. For example, legumes have a unique symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen to usable forms, essentially fertilizing legumes so that they need less nitrogen added in the form of fertilizer. But as plants evolve through domestication, so does their symbiosis with microbes. As a result, some legume crops seem to lose some of the benefits they have enjoyed from microbes in the wild, such as nutrient provisioning and stress tolerance, and may require more chemical intervention.
Humans have domesticated at least 41 different wild legumes into crops. Porter plans to study these repeated domestications as a model system that can lead to a fuller understanding of how the relationship between food plants and beneficial microbes evolves during domestication. The research ultimately may point toward crop improvements based on microbes, such as higher yields and less reliance on fertilizer.
"If we can identify ways to make our crops better at getting nitrogen from symbiosis as opposed to depending on fertilizer, then in the future we could grow crops under more sustainable conditions," Porter said.In addition, Porter plans to use some of the grant funds to strengthen undergraduate science education. First, she will help students connect with evolutionary biology by developing an experimental module for an ecology class focusing on symbiosis and crop domestication. Second, she will develop an online clearinghouse, Science Scholars, to publicize opportunities for students in the sciences, such as laboratory positions and internships.
Health technology in a community setting
Posted on December 10, 2019 by wsuvresearch
A small study aiming to reduce hospital admissions among underserved individuals provided gratifying results.
Cory Bolkan
Technology to help people age in place is a hot research and development topic these days. For the most part, such studies involve sophisticated technologies that hold promise for those on one side of the digital divide—those in a position to access, afford, learn and use the new tools. That leaves out the large segment of older Americans who don't have or understand digital devices.
Enter WSU Vancouver researchers Cory Bolkan and Renee Hoeksel, with their modest project titled "Technology to Support Aging in Place (TSAP): A Community-Based Partnership for Older Adults with Heart Failure."
Renee Hoeksel
"Usually the fancy whistles and gadgets and industry go toward higher-income, higher-educated populations," said Bolkan, associate professor of human development at WSU Vancouver. "This was the first time local private industry had expressed interest in an underserved, near- or at-risk population." In addition, while much of the remote health monitoring research is clinically based, this study was community-based and focused on a social service agency that addresses social determinants of health as well as physical.
The social service organization was the Area Agency on Aging & Disabilities of Southwest Washington. The agency provides home- and community-based services for people aged 60 and older and people with disabilities. Bolkan had been working with the agency in other research projects to support older adults' well-being in the community. AAADSW developed a partnership with a technology company, HealthSaaS, which is based in Beaverton, Ore, to create TSAP.
Area Agencies on Aging are often a state's best-kept secret. They are a network of federally designated entities all over the country that help people age in place and provide information and referral in every community. They connect people with local resources, including nutrition, family caregiver support, health and wellness and case management. Most of their work is with people who are "dual-eligible," which means eligible for both Medicaid and Medicare.
Aims of the TSAP program were to reduce hospital readmissions, enhance self-management of a chronic illness (in this case heart failure), encourage aging in place and improve quality of care.
"This program is unique in key ways," the study authors write in a fact sheet: "(1) it targeted low-income older adults who were in poor health, at high risk of hospital readmissions, and who often required intensive clinical services; and (2) it was implemented by a community-based organization in consultation with local health care providers and hospitals."
Needing clinical expertise, Bolkan reached out to Renee Hoeksel, professor in the WSU College of Nursing on the Vancouver campus. Hoeksel helped bring on members of the medical community, including Legacy Health and PeaceHealth.
In developing the partnership, Bolkan and Hoeksel and the other members faced enormous hurdles, from ethical (who has the training to monitor the health data provided by patients; what happens in an emergency?) to practical (the amount of time it took to tailor devices to each patient, for patients to use them and for care coordinators to monitor them), and much more. But ultimately they were gratified with the results.
The technology is sophisticated but easy to use. HealthSaaS provided remote monitoring devices to each of 43 individuals, who each had completed a personalized heart failure care plan with their cardiologists. Over six months, patients incorporated these devices into their daily lives, monitoring their weight, blood pressure, medicines and how they felt. The devices sent data to an online portal, and if anything was amiss, care coordinators at the AAA received HIPPA-compliant secure notices so they could contact the patient to determine if clinical care was needed.
HealthSaas partnership provided remote monitoring devices to use in the study.
"At the end of the day, there were a lot of lessons learned, and a lot of bumps in the road," Bolkan said. Nevertheless, she added, "We were surprised that we saw some statistically significant reduction in the number of hospitalizations for that small trial."
Hospital admissions among participants were reduced by 54 percent, and days in the hospital by 57 percent. In interviews, many participants reported encouraging changes in their health behaviors. One said, "Doing this helped to improve my routine so that I did not forget anything."The study was self-funded, with everyone involved pitching in their time and expertise. Bolkan and Hoeksel say that this kind of partnership-based study has particular value in helping to move research from the lab to a community setting. "You can show things work over and over in a controlled educational lab setting," Bolkan said, "but that's not where people live and work, so doing this messy kind of study where people really live is how you can find out what is really effective."
Posted in Aging	| Leave a comment
BAM! Chicago's Black Arts Movement – a rich documentary from English professors Lewis and Narayanan
Posted on October 22, 2019 by wsuvresearch
A Chicago Story
The role of artists and writers "is to make the revolution irresistible," said African-American author, documentary filmmaker, civil rights activist, and scholar Toni Cade Bambara. During the 1960s, many cities cultivated an innovative and revolutionary arts scene in African American communities. Oakland, CA, Detroit, New York, and Newark, NJ were some of the major early locations producing avant-garde art and cultural work. But Chicago was not only an epicenter of the kind of cultural workers that Bambara envisioned, it also sustained its work into the 1980s and beyond. The city nurtured and in turn, was transformed by a vibrant community of Black artists, musicians and activists who worked tirelessly for social change and justice. The revolutionary impact of Chicago's Black pioneers and visionaries on the city of Chicago, American arts and culture, and Black Studies is the focus of Thabiti Lewis's contracted book project, "Chicago and the Black Arts Movement." As he planned the interviews for the edited collection, it dawned on him that the material could also be the subject matter of a documentary film. So, he reached out to his colleague Pavithra Narayanan, who had the expertise in filmmaking and editing, and asked if she would collaborate with him to make a documentary to complement the book.
Thabiti Lewis with Angela Jackson, award-winning poet, playwright, novelist, and member of the Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC)
The two Associate Professors of English come from different backgrounds. Thabiti is a scholar of Black Studies. He decided to major in English after being introduced to the language of Black Arts poets like Nikki Giovanni, Sonia Sanchez, Haki Madhubuti, Amiri Baraka and others. Baraka's one act play The Dutchman simply blew him away as the protagonist revealed Baraka's own inner struggles and rage that led him to form The Black Art Repertory Theatre in New York (BART). After double majoring in English and History at the University of Rochester and receiving a Master's degree in Education (English), Thabiti spent two years working at Third World Press in Chicago from 1991 to 1993, where the people involved in the Black Arts Movement became a central part of his life. "I learned so much during my time at the press. People were always giving me a list of books that I needed to read. People like Safisha Madhubuti gave me many articles to read about the independent Black School movement. I went to so many lectures; so many people came to the city of Chicago. On any given day or week, I might meet Sonia Sanchez, John A. Williams, Ishmael Reed, Keropetse Kogisile, Eugene Redmond, or be asked to go to Gwendolyn Brooks's house to pick her up to take her to Chicago State University for a class she taught. During those drives, I got a chance to learn from Miss Brooks what it meant to be gracious, patient and genuinely interested in people. She would write me over the years after I Ieft Chicago, sending me poems, or signed copies of her new books. I thought I was special and later learned that she thought all the people she encountered were special."
Lewis and Narayanan
Pavithra's area of specialization is postcolonial studies. Born and educated in India, major influences in her life include her parents, who were union members (her Mother was a union leader), Kerala's radical left politics, and political frameworks of decolonization. Her undergraduate degree is in Zoology! A love for books and for writing, led her to pursue a Master's degree in English and a second Master's in American Literature. She was part of the first group of students in India to receive the University Grants Commission Junior Research Fellowship, which was started in 1989. The award gave her the opportunity to enroll in a PhD program. "Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Osborne's Look Back in Anger impacted me and I might have gone in that direction, had I not attended a workshop at the Dhvanyaloka Center in Mysore where I met several Australian scholars and writers including Helen Tiffin, Chris Koch, and Les Murray. And, Australian Literature, specifically, Patrick White became the focus of my PhD. For my post-doctoral work, I focused on Indigenous writers from Australia and Canada." She moved to the U.S. in 1998 to earn another Master's degree in Mass Communication, where she acquired filmmaking and editing skills and made a documentary film that examines India's economic policies in relation to the worst industrial disaster, the Bhopal gas leak.
Haki Madhubuti
The film, BAM! Chicago's Black Arts Movement, is their first collaborative project. For Pavithra, it involved doing research in a new area. For Thabiti, it meant gaining an understanding of documentary filmmaking. Supported by funding from the WSU Vancouver mini-grant, the duo packed filming gear and made their way to Chicago in the summer of 2015. The first conversation with Val Gray and Francis Ward, who started the Kuumba Workshop, one of Chicago's oldest Black theatre groups, set the tone for all the interviews. Participants were welcoming, gracious with their time, and happy to share stories about their own work as well as the contributions of other leaders who built and made the Movement a reality. Individual conflicts did not stand in the way of building the movement; the focus remained on creating a culture of solidarity and support, on community organization, and creating functional art that was accessible to the people. Schools, publishing houses, cultural organizations, arts centers, and theatre groups were some of the many institutions that Black intellectuals established in Chicago. They nurtured the youth and fostered literary, artistic, and cultural activities for African Americans in that area. The Black Arts moment, which forced what Eugene Redmond calls, "accidental academics" like himself and Haki Madhubuti on the scene, changed academe. There is a sense of regret that the south side of Chicago is no longer the hub of cultural production and activism. Today, Haki's Third World Press, the largest independent black-owned press in the United States, is among the few remaing establishments from that era that still remains in the south side.
Between interviews, Thabiti and Pavithra visited several museum exhibits, collected archival material and secondary footage. Added bonuses during the trip included an afternoon with Sterling Plumpp at Pearl's Place, lunch with Carole Parks and Ann Smith, and a two-hour tour of Chicago's Black historic sites with Useni Perkins. All the interviews were arranged by Thabiti Lewis. While the two of them had clearly designated roles, they acknowledge that the project was a truly collective effort. For example, although Thabiti conducted interviews and Pavithra was behind the camera, she pitched in with many of the questions. And, Thabiti always helped with setting up and dismantling equipment, learning about sound, lighting and production from Pavithra. But the filmmaking was not limited to static cameras. Thabiti seized every opportunity to interview artists and scholars, and IPads and phones became necessary video recording devices. His 2017 interview with Phil Cohran, one of the founders of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM), is probably Cohran's last interview before he passed away in June 2017.
AACM
There are a total of 19 interviews and about thirty hours of footage. Each of the interviews is a documentary in itself. Editing the material to a one-hour film was a monumental task for Pavithra, who created an impressive aesthetic that reflects the film's topic and people. Extensive conversations with Thabiti, her own research on the subject, and most importantly, the interviewees' narratives shaped the editing process. The film does not follow a traditional story-telling style (voice overs or blocks of texts) to trace the history of the movement. Instead, the speakers narrate the history in their own voices.
Carole Parks, journalist and managing editor of Negro Digest/Black World
The Black Arts Movement is an important period in U.S. history and Thabiti and Pavithra were anxious about how it would be received, particularly by the leaders who had created and shaped the movement. Safisha Madhubuti, Angela Jackson, Gerald Williams, Bennett Johnson, and Carole Parks who are featured in the film, attended the screening in Chicago on September 14th. They loved the film. They said that the film captured the history and spirit of the movement. "The youth should see the film. The mayor of Chicago should see it. It should be screened every month in Chicago," Safisha said. The film was also well received by audiences at WSU Vancouver and Pullman.
The name of their production, PATH, derived from the first two alphabets of the filmmakers' names, symbolizes their own filmmaking journey as well as paths of justice and equity paved by public intellectuals, grassroots activists and social movements.
BAM! Chicago's Black Arts Movement: Featuring interviews with Angela Jackson, Haki Madhubuti, Safisha Madhubuti, Carole Parks, Eugene Redmond, Mwata Bowden, Carol Adams, and many other artists and scholars, the film introduces viewers to the history of Chicago's Black Arts Movement (BAM) and reflects on the extensive national and international impact of Chicago's Black writers, musicians and community organizers and the organizations and institutions that they supported and founded including the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM), the Afro-Arts Theatre, the Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC), Negro Digest/Black World, Ebony Talent Agency (ETA),Chicago Theatre Alliance, the DuSable Museum, Third World Press, Afri-Cobra, Johnson Publishing, Path Press, Kuumba Theatre, and the South Side Community Arts Center. To preview the film go to: https://vimeo.com/295695342.
The world of scientific research
Posted on May 1, 2019 by wsuvresearch
Now off to Switzerland in search of new insights about aquatic invasive species, Eric Dexter is a late-blooming research success story.
Eric Dexter was planning to become an acupuncturist when he inadvertently discovered a love for research. A high school dropout, he completed his diploma through an adult program in his home state of Florida, worked at several short-term jobs, moved to Portland on a whim, and at age 25, enrolled at Portland Community College to take remedial classes and prerequisites needed for the acupuncture program, including basic biology. He also took courses (which he describes as invaluable) in college survival skills and applying for scholarships.
Eric Dexter as a PhD student at WSU Vancouver
At the end of the year, Dexter was awarded a research internship to study interactions between native and invasive honeybees in Ghana. The world opened up for him. "That research internship changed my focus," he said. " I forgot about acupuncture and started pursuing core science classes."
He transferred to Portland State University for his bachelor's degree, receiving international research internships every summer. He spent a year in New Zealand on an exchange program. "No one from my family had ever left the country before, and I got shipped off to West Africa to do research and realized there's a big world of science out there, and if I pursue a scientific career I can do something international," he said.
Dexter enrolled at WSU Vancouver for his master's degree, earned a Fulbright to study in Switzerland in 2014/15, then returned to Vancouver to finish his Ph.D. in environmental and natural resource science with Professor Stephen Bollens. Now a new Ph.D., Dexter leaves in May for a European Commission–funded Marie Curie postdoc fellowship at the University of Basel in Switzerland. He will work with Dieter Ebert, a professor at the University of Basel, on the co-evolution between hosts and parasites or the pathogens that affect them.
Dexter's Fulbright year at the University of Lausanne gave him an initial understanding of genetics research, something he plans to continue. To study the genetics of aquatic invasive species, he brought his research specimens along and returned to Vancouver with the data to complete the analysis, which was published as an article, "A genetic reconstruction of the invasion of the calanoid copepod Psuedodiaptomus inopinusacross the North American Pacific Coast." It appeared in the journal Biological Invasions in 2018 and became a chapter in his dissertation. One of his collaborators in Switzerland, Séverine Vuilleumier, joined his dissertation committee.
Eric busy collecting data
"The dissertation work focuses on the way invasive zooplankton species impact water bodies around the Pacific Northwest, and examines some of the mechanisms that might be behind their establishment and spread across the region," Dexter said. "The next work is a little shift in direction, using similar species but this time in a laboratory setting and with wild populations as well. We are going to test some fundamental predictions of co-evolutionary theory between hosts and the organisms that affect them. I think we will find a really clear signal in the genomes of the species we're studying."
With the use of genetic methodology, the research is groundbreaking. "We're looking for something in evolutionary biology and genetics which has never been seen before," he said.
The long-term implications are significant. "Co-evolution is the process that drives antibiotic resistance in bacteria and a lot of other agricultural and medical real world problems," he said. "This is going to improve our understanding of the basic processes.
Collecting samples in Portland. Local research with global impact.
Research on the razor's edge
Dexter's international interests are about much more than travel. In an article for Science magazine in June 2017, he described the frustrations of scientific funding in the United States. For example, about four years ago, he was told he'd received a three-year grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, but havoc in the agency left no one in charge and the funding uncertain for Dexter and the others in his program.
After an 11-month delay, he and his fellow awardees finally learned they would receive the full three years of funding, but the program would no longer accept applications. In Science, he wrote that while he was "extraordinarily grateful" for the EPA's support, he was also concerned about the agency's future.
"Beyond that, I am worried about my nation's scientific institutions as a whole," Dexter wrote. "Scientists in the United States face a shortage of tenure-track faculty jobs and fierce competition for a shrinking pool of grants. These dimming prospects reflect decades of underinvestment in the sciences. … We are all doing research on a razor's edge."
Dexter's sharp focus and perseverance have helped him get ahead in a competitive environment, and WSU Vancouver has been good to him too. "I've had great faculty and easy access to faculty whenever I have questions," he said. "The campus is beautiful, there are incredible support staff in my department, and my adviser has been a great resource." The university has given him grants and awards for professional development, travel and scholarships.Dexter's wife, Claire, and 8-year-old son, Redmond, will join him in Switzerland in August, when she finishes her x-ray tech program.
Posted in Invasive species, Water	| 1 Comment
The puzzle of pediatric pain
Posted on March 1, 2019 by wsuvresearch
What is the relationship between physical pain and psychological pain in children and adolescents?
Early in her academic career, Jessica Fales realized that hardly anyone had studied what she most wanted to learn about—the relationship between chronic pain and social development in children and adolescents. There was little research and a wide-open field.
"The main thread that ties my research together is trying to understand why rates of chronic pain increase in adolescence, why girls are disproportionately affected, and how to prevent them from turning into adults with chronic pain. And for those with chronic pain, how can we improve their outcomes?" Fales said. She believes that social relationships may play a key role in pain onset, pain chronification and pain prevention.
Fales became interested in links between social functioning and pediatric pain while working on her graduate degree at the University of Maine. Determined to do her clinical internship year at an academic medical center with a pediatric pain specialty, she found Oregon Health & Science University in Portland. "I got to be in on the ground floor of a treatment they were developing for parents of children with chronic pain," she said, "and after that I was hooked." Fales completed a two-year fellowship in pediatric pain management at Seattle Children's Research Institute in 2014.
Chronic pain is common in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood, Fales said. Things like headaches, stomach aches and limb pain may be caused by an injury or disease, or there may be no known cause. And while some children in pain function just fine in their social worlds, others struggle or withdraw from activities. That can impair their social development.
A subject in the Fales lab with her arm in water to induce pain
Since joining WSU Vancouver in 2014 as an assistant professor of psychology, Fales has not slowed down. In 2016 she received a New Faculty Seed Grant from WSU for research in her Adolescent Health & Wellness Lab on the Vancouver campus. She also works with two other WSU Vancouver psychology professors, Benjamin Ladd and Renee Magnan, as part of a broader project supported by Grand Challenges Seed Grant and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program funding from WSU Pullman. In addition, she continues to collaborate with her former mentors and colleagues at OHSU, SCRI and worldwide.
Fales has learned a few things about what pain can do to kids. For example, in a commentary written with Paula Forgeron of the University of Ottawa, Fales concluded that strong friendships may benefit youth with chronic pain. "Children and youth with chronic pain have fewer friends, are rated as less likeable by peers, and may be subjected to higher rates of peer victimization," she wrote.
This indicates a need for more research into how friendship can impact pain and disability, how to help children with chronic pain develop more social skills and ultimately how to harness the power of peers in recovery efforts. "Understanding social functioning, particularly peer friendships, in youth with chronic pain is the next critical wave of research in helping youth manage the complexity of chronic pain and develop into healthy young adults," she wrote.
A subject in the Fales lab viewing the "pain scale."
Another avenue for research is the role of parents in pediatric chronic pain. For example, Fales has learned that teaching problem-solving skills to parents—so they experience less stress in their own lives—can also help their children suffer less pain.
In her work at WSU Vancouver, Fales explores whether bullying or social exclusion is linked to physical pain. She and her collaborators have discovered that adolescents with chronic pain experience similar rates of victimization compared to their peers without pain—but are sometimes more bothered by these experiences when they do occur.
Last semester, Fales and her team of undergraduate research assistants (Alivia Stone, Elizabeth Hardin, Abigail Bambilla and Rachel Murray) wrapped up an experiment looking at whether being socially excluded affected healthy adolescents' perception of physical pain. Stone will present her findings at the Society for Pediatric Psychology's annual conference this spring, and Hardin will present at the American Psychology Association's annual conference in August.
"The team is now trying to figure out where to go from here," Fales said. "We are hoping to build on these results in clinical populations."
Similarly, the Grand Challenges Seed Grant opened the door to further research on health behaviors and marijuana use broadly. Fales's part of that grant involved use of marijuana for chronic pain in young people. "Some young adults are primarily using cannabis for its presumptive pain-relieving properties," she wrote. "Nevertheless, even in the context of longstanding heavy use, their pain persists." Is it possible that the relief from cannabis inhibits the development of other pain management techniques and ultimately prolongs the pain over time?
These are questions Fales wants to answer. "My big interest is trying to figure out the social risk and protective factors that may contribute to the development of chronic pain," she said. "Once you identify those, they can be harnessed to develop preventative interventions. Is there something we can do to encourage and promote peer relationships and build resilience factors for youth with chronic pain? How can we make our treatments more effective?" She keeps running into the same problem: What she wants to find out has never been done. She said, "I wish there were lots more psychologists working on this subject."
Posted in pain, Substance abuse	| 1 Comment
The space between "us" and "them"
Posted on January 7, 2019 by wsuvresearch
Marcelo Diversi's second book on "betweener" culture urges tackling social justice issues from a personal perspective.
On the 9-hour flight between his native Brazil and his current home in the Pacific Northwest, Marcelo Diversi acquires a new identity. "I'm going from being a white person [in Brazil] to being a brown person [in the United States], from a native to a migrant," he said. "You see what doors open and what don't."
That position provides a unique vantage point for the social justice philosophy he practices and describes in his new book, "Betweener Autoethnographies: A Path Towards Social Justice," co-written with fellow native Brazilian Claudio Moreira. Diversi is associate professor of human development at WSU Vancouver, and Moreira is associate professor of performance studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
"Betweener Autoethnographies" (2018) expands upon the ideas the two authors set forth in their previous book, "Betweener Talk" (2009). Their friendship and ability to write collaboratively further illustrate the concept of "betweeners." Although Moreira grew up poor while Diversi grew up privileged, they have found common ground in the space "between" their differences. Overcoming the "us vs. them" mentality, or, as the book puts it, "expanding the circle of us," is the vision.
"I'm male and privileged socially, but I have my own ways in which I experience being on the wrong side of the tracks," Diversi said. "Even the most privileged person experiences that once in a while, and in that moment we have the opportunity to identify with others. Either you are part of us—family, country, tribe—or you're them, the other. We explore the spaces in between us and them, and we call for people to find those places where they themselves have been in that other situation."
Autoethnography—a form of ethnography that combines personal experience with observation—is an emerging research practice. "Betweener Autoethnographies" both endorses the practice and exemplifies it. The authors tackle social justice issues from their own subjective perspectives. Their work combines academic training and writing with techniques borrowed from literature to analyze political issues. "Creating a direct link between the personal and the political is the principle of autoethnography," Diversi said.
Even most knowledgeable and well-trained observer, with the best statistical analysis, needs firsthand experience to understand certain problems, he said. You simply can't separate the personal from the political: "It's not an either/or choice."
Their writing about overcoming the dehumanizing "us vs. them" mentality so prevalent in the world today could not have come at a better time. Indeed, they start by examining the politics of the day in both Brazil and the United States. "How can anyone protest against liberation and humanization of those historically oppressed? By making Them, the historically oppressed, seem innately different from Us, less than Us, ungrateful ..a menace," Diversi and Moreira write.
The topics they ponder are big, divisive political issues: immigration, refugees, decolonization, and inclusion versus exclusion. "There has never been a greater need for a militant utopianism," writes Norman K. Denzin in the introduction. Denzin is an emeritus professor of sociology at the University of Illinois, where both authors earned Ph.D.s.Diversi acknowledges that their vision may be utopian—that is, if everyone bought into the idea of betweeners, the world would be a far better place—but he remains clear-eyed about the future. "If we have a catastrophic collapse, we will revert to more tribal state," he said. Citing theologian Theodore Parker, he continued: "But we also have a long history, and the arc of history bends toward justice. I do see that happening."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Brighton, a vibrant city by the beach, who could want any more from a short break or cottage holiday?
I really was not expecting so much from a walk around Brighton. Having lived in East Sussex for quite a few years, and having used Brighton as a shopping and cultural centre for some time (have been to the theatre quite a bit and have watched bands at the Brighton Centre) I sort of felt quietly confident that I would know where we were going and what was what in Brighton. I was totally wrong!!
Chris our Greeter, met me and one other greetee (is that a word?) at The Brighton Museum on a sunny afternoon last week (so lucky with the weather!).
We had a little introductory talk, Chris apologised in advance, saying that he was prone to talk about the history rather a lot but it was his passion, so we must tell him if he is going on a bit too much!
I was fascinated, I think it was lucky that I really did not know the history of Brighton as I learned such a lot about Dr Russell and how he had influenced the wealthy and well connected in the 18th Century to come to Brighton to have the Sea Water Cure. We walked through the Lanes (I learned the difference between Lanes and the North Laine too!) and admired the quirky individual shops and specialists.
We walked along The Twitten (you will only find these in Sussex – a very narrow lane) and Chris also showed us amazing graffiti.
He also told us about a guy called the Cassette Lord, who has decorated junction boxes all over Brighton, so I started looking out for these.
Round every corner there is something to look at!
I did not want our little tour to stop, but we ran out of time and I am definitely coming back to Brighton to learn more! I thanked Chris – the Greeters do an amazing unpaid job – I would recommend a Greeter trip to anybody, especially to those who think they know the city like I did!
If you would like a Greeter Tour, just get in touch with Visit Brighton and they will organise it. If the idea of spending some time in Brighton appeals to you.
We have some lovely holiday cottages in the Brighton and Hove area, the perfect place to stay so you can explore all that Brighton has to offer, just call our bookings team on 01227 464958 or email, info@mulberrycottages.com. You will not be disappointed!


text:
Il passaporto portoghese (passaporte português) è un documento di identità rilasciato ai propri cittadini dalla Repubblica Portoghese per i loro viaggi fuori dall'Unione europea e dallo Spazio economico europeo.

Vale come prova del possesso della cittadinanza portoghese ed è necessario per richiedere assistenza e protezione presso le ambasciate portoghesi nel mondo.

Caratteristiche
Il passaporto portoghese rispetta le caratteristiche dei passaporti dell'Unione europea con la copertina di colore rosso borgogna ma con una disposizione grafica diversa.
Lo stemma nazionale anziché centro della copertina come d'uso è collocato in alto a sinistra con a destra, in sequenza dall'alto al basso le parole: "UNIÃO EUROPEIA", "PORTUGAL" e "PASSAPORTE". In basso a sinistra il simbolo del passaporto biometrico (e-passport)   con sopra le dodici stelle dorate in circolo, simbolo dell'Unione europea.

Note

Altri progetti

portoghese
Portogallo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Pearl Jam & Guns N' Roses Supergroup The Levee Walkers Revealed New Song "All Things Fade Away"
The new band in the rock world, The Levee Walkers continue to take attention.
The Levee Walkers includes legends of rock like bass player Duff McKagan from Guns N' Roses, guitar player Mike McCready from Pearl Jam and drummer Barrett Martin from Screaming Tress'.
At the latest track "All Things Fade Away" of the band, they worked with Ayron Jones.
"The three of us to make music with guest vocalists, it's been a cool, enlightening experience for me as Duff and Barrett push me to be a better musician.
We've been lucky enough to have Jaz Coleman from Killing Joke and Latin artist Raquel Sophia sing with us.


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With the Oasis Workflow plugin, editorial tasks can be done in an easy way and within 15 minutes I was able to let the team work on their tasks without any problems. Creating workflows is as easy as breathing the air, thanks to a nice graphical interface.
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If you are looking for a workflow plugin working out-of-the-box with a rich feature set, and enabling you to create complex workflows with many users/roles, we do totally recommend Oasis Workflow.
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Discussion in 'Formal Portraits and Weddings' started by Phillip Ino, Aug 15, 2009.
Both available light. Just a sampling. There are more to come, including some NOLA street photos. Keep an eye out! Hope you like these.
She really needs to be brightened in the first one - bring up the highlights on her especially, will look a million times better! you could also do some PP in the second one to make her pop in the image. I like them though.
Thanks for looking, Laura. Both images look perfectly ok on my calibrated monitor, though.
I agree with Laura...........you need to brighten the first image. I like the second one as well, but you might consider a tighter crop.
I did a quick edit to show you what I mean... will take down if you want. Added the text so people on my pbase would know it's your photo since I had to link from there.
This took two minutes.. you could perhaps do more with it but I think it looks a lot better.
Well, to put in my 2 cents worth - I don't much care for the backgrounds you chose. N.O. has some far prettier places - Jackson Square, the Brewery, The French Quarter, some of the restaurants have very romantic patios, and tons more. Assuming these are before the wedding, I'd say get out and scout for more "scenic" places. And I agree, your bride does need to be brightened up more.
Thanks for the advice, everyone! I've brightened her up and cropped her closer, per your suggestions. Also, those were just a few that I had processed. Here are some more with more varying locations. It doesn't stop here, folks :wink: Just need more time to edit.
were the photos removed from the first post?


text:
Executes a series of REST API requests in a single call. You can use the output of one request as the input to a subsequent request. The response bodies and HTTP statuses of the requests are returned in a single response body. The entire series of requests counts as a single call toward your API limits.

```typescript
const restInstance = new Rest();
const composite = new Composite();
const acc = new Account({
  name: 'Sample Account'
});
composite.addRequest({
  referenceId: 'refAccount',
  method: 'POST',
  url: `/services/data/v${restInstance.config.version}/sobjects/Account`,
  body: acc.toJson( {dmlMode: 'insert'} )
});

const con = new Contact({
  name: 'Sample Contact',
  accountId : "@{refAccount.id}"
});

composite.addRequest({
  referenceId: 'refContact',
  method: 'POST',
  url: `/services/data/v${restInstance.config.version}/sobjects/Contact`,
  body: con.toJson( {dmlMode: 'insert'} )
});

composite.addRequest({
  referenceId: 'contact',
  method: 'GET',
  url: `/services/data/v${restInstance.config.version}/sobjects/Contact/@{refContact.id}`,
});

const results = await composite.send();
const conWithData = Contact.fromSFObject(results.compositeResponse[2].body);
```

{% hint style="info" %}
See [Salesforce's documentation](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api_rest.meta/api_rest/resources_composite_composite.htm) for more information.
{% endhint %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Evil Emperors
Until 28 February 2021
The image of Roman emperors transmitted by classical tradition continues to influence how we see and judge them today. Our view of Roman emperors is strongly affected by how classical tradition depicts them – Caligula, Nero or Commodus, for instance, are poster-boys for megalomania. For posterity is the final arbiter of a ruler's life and deeds, deeming them benign or evil regardless of his assertions and efforts.
The exhibition confronts statements and appraisals from classical antiquity – some of them contemporary, some written down several generations after the emperor's death – with coinage. The two sources differ greatly in their origins and how they were formed and have very different aims. At times, they seem to clash and are difficult to reconcile. Although most of what we know about the history of classical antiquity is based on them, this reflects the gulf that separates personal opinions from official accounts.
The exhibition examines clichés and anecdotes and tries to illustrate them with coins selected from the holdings of the Coin Cabinet, one of the largest and most important collections in the world comprising around 600.000 objects including 90.000 Roman coins. The choice of rulers runs from murderous Caligula and Nero, the arsonist of Rome, to the persecutors of Christians, to Julian the Apostate, thus, well into the fourth century AD.
Kunsthistorisches Museum (Art History Museum)
Maria-Theresien-Platz
Save with the Vienna City Card
info@khm.at
www.khm.at
Tue. 19 Jan 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Wed. 20 Jan 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Thu. 21 Jan 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Fri. 22 Jan 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Sat. 23 Jan 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Sun. 24 Jan 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Mon. 25 Jan 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Mon. 01 Feb 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Tue. 02 Feb 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Wed. 03 Feb 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Thu. 04 Feb 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Fri. 05 Feb 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Sat. 06 Feb 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.
Sun. 07 Feb 2021, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.


text:
The Far Side of Eden 3: Pritchard Hill
Note: I recently acquired the rights to my second Napa book, The Far Side of Eden. I think the struggle over the hillsides at the outset of this century, covered in the book, is relevant to the current discussion of development that includes wineries and winery expansions. I decided to run excerpts as a reminder of what's still at stake in the valley. Series begins with the 6/9 posting.
Pritchard Hill stands to the south of Lake Hennessey, on the east side of the valley, a steep, wooded enclave. It overlooks the reservoir—water impounded behind Conn Creek Dam for the drinking of Napa—an azure gem that, depending on the season, is set in either a green profusion of grass and wildflowers or parched, dun-colored slopes susceptible to lightning and arsonists.
For many years an idyll reigned on Pritchard Hill, planted in the sixties by Donn Chappellet but mostly ignored by the newcomers to the valley below. In the late eighties some prospective new neighbors arrived, self-made aspiring pastoralists who wanted small vineyards of their own and a remove from the "engine of California commerce. One of these was Greg Melanson, founder of a company with the droll name of FYI, Inc., that provided services to lawyers. It had been fun and exciting to run, and when it stopped being fun he had taken it public and bought thirteen acres on the south side of Pritchard Hill with the proceeds.
Melanson grew up in Brentwood, California, listening to a free way, and he wanted something entirely different in middle age: a small vineyard in a peaceful setting. With some help from the Chappellets he got one. A pilot as well as an entrepreneur, he flew up with his wife aboard his four-seater helicopter on weekends and landed on the helipad next to their tasteful Tuscan villa. They said of their lives in Napa Valley, "You just feel complete."
One morning the Melansons woke up to the sound of machines operating on the opposing slope: D-8 Caterpillars, clearing chaparral and live oaks. The steep property had been bought by an investment banker with Goldman, Sachs, Joe Wender, whose only claim to fame, as far as Melanson knew, was that he was engaged to be married to Ann Colgin, an employee of auctioneers in Los Angeles and the flamboyant owner of a cult cabernet. A month later the clearing was finished and the D-8s gone, and the Melansons thought they might feel complete again, but then the D-9s arrived. And the dynamite. The blasting shook the furniture in their house and covered everything in a thick coating of dust. Almost as bad as the blasting was the constant scrape of steel on stone.
Boulders began to pile up at the bottom of the property, and Melanson called the vineyard manager, Dave Abreu, and asked him to stop working on the weekends, when the Melansons were in situ. Then he called the contractor, a Calistogan named Richard Stadelhofer, who owned the big machines, to little avail. Finally he got Wender's telephone number from Cyril Chappellet, Donn's son, and "called this stranger. As Melanson later told the story, Wender said that the project had tripled in size and that things had gotten out of hand. The two of them agreed to meet after the Pritchard Hill appellation roundtable at the Chappellets'. There Melanson found Wender to be a good listener, good at processing information, even a good guy—a rarity in an investment banker, in Melanson's experience. Investment bankers led you to the altar and then cashed out; they were one reason so many initial public offerings of stock crashed and burned.
What Melanson couldn't understand was why a guy like Wender would spend millions of dollars to develop a hillside that would probably never earn it back and that caused such enmity among the neighbors. Then he met Wender's fiancée, Ann Colgin, saw firsthand the lips adorned with distinctive red-orange lipstick used for signing labels on bottles of her wine, not with a signature but with a big, bright, puckered, Evita-esque Don't cry for me, Napa Valley open-mouthed smack—and heard Wender saying yes Ann, no Ann, and he understood.
She had come to the valley, so the story went, from Waco by way of Vanderbilt University and Sotheby's, already married to someone else. The couple attended the Napa Valley Wine Auction. Working for an auction house had provided her with certain insights, like creating the perception of value through scarcity, an essential element in moving collectibles that included wine. Ann Colgin's wine business accounted for a bit more than two hundred cases of cabernet a year when Melanson met her, and the wine sold for more than one hundred dollars a bottle when it could be found.
Her winemaker, Helen Turley, apostle of extremely ripe fruit procured at any cost, had helped garner recognition from Robert Parker. So sought after was the Colgin cabernet—according to the stories she told—that a woman sent a copy of her divorce settlement to Colgin to prove that she, and not her hus"band, had retained their coveted position on the Colgin mailing list. Another fan supposedly swapped a Mercedes for a single case.
Such stories were not limited to her wine and could be heard with variations about dozens of others; they appeared in an adoring wine press without challenge. The writing often emphasized wealth and style of living as measures of quality as important as the wine itself; whether or not the stories were true mattered far less than the fact that they were read and repeated. Colgin posed for such a publication, supposedly in celebration of country life, by sitting on a dusty slope of the new Pritchard Hill vineyard in her jeans, leather boots, and hallmark lipstick. In the background lay bare dirt, a large displaced boulder, and a piece of heavy equipment associated with mining.
Colgin already owned a house down on the outskirts of St. Helena, where another house had stood that had belonged to Josephine Tychson, founder of Freemark Abbey, probably the first woman winemaker in Napa Valley. Colgin had proudly announced this fact before she had that historic structure demolished. There the neighbors complained that the new frame, taupe and cream Victorian replacing it resembled a spec house in an upscale tract development, the black wrought-iron railings so . . . Texas, the ersatz Greek amphora, the terracotta maiden, concrete pineapples, and virginal white flowers contrasting starkly with the image of those wet, red-orange lips planted on labels of Colgin rocket juice.
The view of the remnant of Pritchard Hill that appeared in the magazine did not include the boulder pile of Brobdingnagian proportions, the one that Melanson's houseguests always gaped at. It was an industrial rather than an agricultural artifact, and it reminded some onlookers of the hydraulic gold-mining that had done such damage to the Sierra Nevada in the previous century. Mountainsides were apparently still being moved to get at glitter.
Melanson tried to explain the pile away, making excuses for his neighbor, saying the pile was necessary for producing additional Colgin cabernet that could be sold at a high price, that someday the pile wouldn't matter. But it just sat there. Melanson brought in a landscape architect to see whether he thought the pile could be "mitigated," but the architect told him nothing would grow there, it was just too big. The rock pile dwarfed the big Cats and the excavators, which in turn dwarfed the pickups clinging to the slope, dust devils dancing in their wakes, dwarfing in turn the all-terrain vehicles ridden by Mexican laborers that shuttled up and down with insectile persistence.
At a point midway through the creation of the vineyard, some of the boulders came loose from the pile and rolled down into the creekbed. There they broke a two-inch plastic pipe supplying water to the property belonging to another neighbor, Bob Long, and close enough for one of Long's employees to hear this. The rocks didn't menace him, but they certainly got his attention. They got his boss's, too, and Long called the water division of the Napa County Department of Public Works and told them what had happened, that boulders were now sitting in the bed of a creek that fed Lake Hennessey, a municipal water supply.
The Department of Public Works contacted the Regional Water Quality Control Board in Oakland, where an environmental specialist named Tom Gandesbury looked into the problem. It seemed to Gandesbury that the boulders had been stacked too high on a bank, as he put it, with "a soft, chewy center" prior to being disposed of, and that the disposal had never taken place. The boulders were not massed in an engineered manner, Gandesbury thought. It was scary. He discussed the problem with a representative of the Resource Conservation District in Napa and was told that the rock pile was beyond erosion control, that the whole thing could come tumbling down.
The Regional Water Quality Control Board issued a cleanup and abatement order and asked for a winterizing erosion plan anyway, one that involved the owner's hiring geotechnical and subsurface consultants. These experts recommended rebuilding the pile with D-9S, long-arm excavators, and six-wheel dump trucks, extremely expensive reparation. This was undertaken, and, looking at the effects, Gandesbury thought it had to be the most costly vineyard installation in human history.
The people who had caused the problem were in his opinion driven by profits so great that the penalties, if there were any, seemed insignificant. They were willing to risk money and legal action because new regulations might emerge at any time that would curtail their plans. "Some guy had "gone nuts" on a bulldozer, Gandesbury concluded, cutting a road "through hill and dale" so steep that it became a cliff. "Somebody just put a line on a map, and the driver went ass over teakettle."
There should be a regulation on how much rock could be pulled out of the ground for a vanity vineyard, he thought. For the moment, though, there was nothing more his agency could do. If the rock pile, or part of it, went down the hill the following winter, the Regional Water Quality Control Board could impose a big legal penalty.
Other agencies and individuals got involved, part of the damage control. The county district attorney's office investigated but took no action. The Fish and Game warden inspected and told Wender's contractors to remove the tumbled boulders by breaking them up by hand, since mechanized equipment wasn't allowed in the creekbed. The county planning department looked into the situation, but that agency had only two inspectors.
Their priority was grading, not rock piles, some of their assignments wild-goose chases in the opinion of Ed Colby, a member of the department. He issued stop-work orders and red tape was "put on machines—"red-tagging"—to shut down occasional jobs, but it was an impossible task checking all such development.
Vineyard developers weren't required to have the permits, the owners were. And too many of them thought paying thousands of dollars for violations was just part of the cost of doing business. He thought the rock pile went beyond what ought to be allowed, but it was up to the DA to charge the owner. Colby wasn't surprised that no charges were brought against Wender, Abreu, or Stadelhofer, that in the end no one paid a cent in fines.
To see my bio, click on:
http://cjonwine.blogspot.com/2014/09/heres-my-new-bio.html
To order Napa:
http://www.amazon.com/Napa-The-Story-American-Eden/dp/0618257985/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1380825737&sr=8-1&keywords=napa+conaway
To order my novel, Nose:
http://www.amazon.com/Nose-Novel-James-Conaway/dp/1250006848/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1362180145&sr=1-1&keywords=nose
Contact: conawayjim@gmail.com
The Far Side of Eden 4: Pritchard Hill (cont'd)
The Far Side of Eden 2: Vineyard Guy
The Far Side of Eden 1: Viader


text:
Q: paste data based on certain condition experts i have many files in a directory and these files contain some numerical numbers.

A: Probably not POSIX-compatible; tested on Bash 5.0. Assuming that the filenames don't contain whitespaces and have fixed length.
for file_with_a in *A.??
do
  target_left=${file_with_a:0:15} # e.g., 2019__01_NDV.NT
  target_right=${file_with_a:16:3} # e.g., .AS
  cat $target_left[A-C]$target_right > ${target_left}_ABC$target_right
done

A: With mapfile aka readarray which is a bash4+ feature.
#!/usr/bin/env bash

files=([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]__*[ABC]*.??)

while mapfile -d '' -n3 array && ((${#array[*]} == 3)); do
  if [[ ${array[0]%%_*} == ${array[1]%%_*} && ${array[0]%%_*} == ${array[2]%%_*}  ]]; then
    paste "${array[0]}" "${array[1]}" "${array[2]}" > "${array[0]%${array[0]:(-4)}}_ABC.${array[0]:(-2)}"
  fi
done < <(printf '%s\0' "${files[@]}")

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
La Historia troyana polimétrica es una traducción  del Roman de Troie de Benoît de Sainte-Maure, quien a su vez utiliza como fuentes a los mitógrafos Dictis y Dares.

Cronología
Aunque Menéndez Pidal la considera realizada en torno a 1270, sus semejanzas con el Poema de Alfonso Onceno hoy obligan a considerarla obra del segundo cuarto del siglo XIV, no más tarde de 1350, durante el reinado de Alfonso XI.

Género y manuscritos
La obra, que nos ha llegado acéfala y trunca al final, adopta la forma de prosimetrum porque el contrapunto entre lo exterior (combates, discursos, digresiones narrativas) y la subjetividad de los personajes favorece la alternancia del verso y la prosa. Solo quedan de ella dos manuscritos incompletos del siglo XIV; el más temprano y amplio es de la Biblioteca Nacional de España (M), muy deturpado por diversas lagunas, y el del monasterio de El Escorial (E) es ya de finales de siglo y tan deteriorado que casi se puede considerar perdido; probablemente ambos testimonios derivan de uno anterior ya incompleto también y hoy perdido.

Estilo y métrica
Si el texto narrativo es bastante fiel al original galo, los once poemas que incluye (el planto de Aquiles por Patroclo, la profecía de Casandra, el discurso de Agamenón, la épica descripción de una batalla, los seis consagrados a la historia de Troilo y Briseida, el llanto de Andrómaca y la partida de Héctor) en cambio, son en su mayor parte originales ya que no traducen, sino que parafrasean de forma amplificada.

Se ha de destacar, sobre todo, la variedad métrica que se usa:

 Sextinas octosílabas aabccb;
 Décimas de versos cuatri y octosílabos (solo el quinto y el último, que son de arte mayor):
 Cuartetas octosílabas (la forma más fácil y la preferida);
 Pareados octosílabos;
 Cuartetas monorrimas alejandrinas;
 Cuartetas heptasílabas abab.

Variedad que, según Menéndez Pidal, se debe a que el autor «se esfuerza en adaptar el verso y la estrofa al carácter de cada tema tratado».

Referencias

Fuentes
 ALVAR EZQUERRA, Carlos, y José Manuel Megías, La literatura en la época de Sancho IV: Actas del Congreso Internacional..., Alcalá de Henares, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Alcalá, 1996. ISBN 84-8138-980-3.
 DEYERMOND, Alan D., Historia de la literatura española, vol. 1: La Edad Media, Barcelona, Ariel, 2001 (1ª ed. 1973). ISBN 84-344-8305-X
 FERNÁNDEZ-ORDÓÑEZ, Inés, «El taller historiográfico alfonsí. La Estoria de España y la General estoria en el marco de las obras promovidas por Alfonso el Sabio», en J. Montoya y A. Rodríguez (coords.), El Scriptorium alfonsí: de los Libros de Astrología a las «Cantigas de Santa María», Madrid, Fundación Universidad Complutense, 1999.
 GUILLÓN, Ricardo et al., Diccionario de literatura española e hispanoamericana, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1993.
 GÓMEZ REDONDO, Fernando, Historia de la prosa medieval castellana, vol. I: La creación del discurso prosístico: el entramado cortesano, Madrid, Cátedra, 1998. ISBN 978-84-376-1638-4.
 —, Historia de la prosa medieval castellana. vol. II: El desarrollo de los géneros. La ficción caballeresca y el orden religioso, Madrid, Cátedra, 1999. ISBN 978-84-376-1730-5.
 —, Historia de la prosa medieval castellana. vol. III: Los orígenes del humanismo. El marco cultural de Enrique III y Juan II, Madrid, Cátedra, 2002. ISBN 978-84-376-2002-2.
 HARO CORTÉS, Marta, Los compendios de castigos del siglo XIII: técnicas narrativas y contenido ético, Valencia, Universitat de València, 1995. ISBN 84-370-2061-1.
 LÓPEZ ESTRADA, Francisco, y María Jesús Lacarra, Orígenes de la prosa, Madrid, Júcar, 1993. ISBN 84-334-8405-2.
 RUBIO TOVAR, Joaquín. La prosa medieval, Madrid, Playor, 1982. ISBN 84-359-0301-X.

Libros del siglo XIII
Obras literarias medievales de España
Libros de España
Literatura de España del siglo XIII
Traducciones


Want it delivered between May 29 and May 31? Order by Apr 23 and choose Express Delivery at checkout.
Quartz womens wristwatch MK5756 with stainless steel case, with diameter 45 mm, white dial and gold stainless steel band.


We tend to ignore the appendix unless it gets inflamed and needs cutting out. But a new study suggests this enigmatic organ in the gut harbors a supply of a brain-damaging protein involved in Parkinson's disease—even in healthy people. The study is the largest yet to find that an appendectomy early in life can decrease a person's risk of Parkinson's or delay its onset.
The U.S. Geological Survey has released ShakeAlert, its earthquake early warning system. If all goes as planned, a dense network of seismometers on the U.S. West Coast will detect the first waves of an earthquake and relay warnings to first responders, power companies, transit agencies, and in later iterations, the public. But the initial, ambitious promises of detecting distant earthquakes far in advance have been tempered by the complex, unpredictable ways faults fracture. Even the mere seconds of warning the system is now able to produce are considered a major victory.
This week, federal officials paused a clinical study on the potential of stem cells to repair the heart, citing the news that Harvard University plans to retract 31 papers from cardiac researcher Piero Anversa, many of which were foundational to the trial. Some critics of Anversa's work say studies like the now-halted trial should never have started, given long-standing questions about how—and whether—the cells Anversa identified might repair heart tissue.
Researchers have developed a "two-faced" membrane with different properties on either side capable of harvesting electric energy via osmosis, in which dissolved particles move spontaneously to balance their concentrations. In this case, the membrane helps efficiently shuttle salt ions from seawater into less salty freshwater, generating an electric current along the way.
With the rise of wind and solar power, energy companies are looking for batteries to keep the power flowing when the sun doesn't shine and the wind fails. Giant devices called flow batteries use tanks of electrolyte capable of storing enough electricity to power thousands of homes for many hours. But most flow batteries rely on vanadium, a somewhat rare and expensive metal, and alternatives are short-lived and toxic. Last week, researchers reported overcoming many of these drawbacks with a potentially cheap, long-lived, and safe flow battery.


skills!) my son went back to asking os so politely if he could have a Yoda cake. I used the instructions here and here. Thank you to Sandra of SoCake and 'Schmish' who not only figured out a how to make a Yoda cake, but posted instructions on the web! Whew!
My Yoda is a gluten and dairy free, vanilla and chocolate marble cake with fudge style frosting between the layers and under the fondant. The fondant is homemade marshmallow fondant. The recipe I followed is here from What's Cooking America. I used organic palm oil shortening. To get the brown colors I kneaded cocoa powder into the fondant, sprinkling on a bit of water as needed, until the desired color was reached. Yoda's head is a big krispy ball made from Erowen's Crispy Brown Rice Cereal and covered in fondant with chocolate fondant creating the underlying bone structure… Yeah, a bit weird, but tasty.
Is it just me, or does Yoda look like Darth Mal without his skin?
Oh…My….Goodness!!! ONE AWESOME CAKE THAT IS!!!!
Happy Birthday to a cool 13 year old!
An amazing cake make you are, Angela. WOW! Happy Birthday, Kiddo!
This entry was posted in Cake and Cookie Decorating Ideas, Dairy Free, GFCF, Gluten Free. Bookmark the permalink.
What a memorable birthday cake!!!
Everyone here in our house is LOVING it!!
That cake is AMAZING!!! I don't know how you do it Angela. You seem so well organized.


Were you recently stopped and arrested for driving under the influence in Pasadena? Did you have to submit to a breath or blood alcohol test? If so, odds are that your BAC was substantially lower than 0.328% – the reported BAC level of a 52-year-old Arizona man caught speeding on County Route 1 in Mohave County, AZ.
According to reports, police pulled Scott Jarc over at around 4 AM and noticed an extreme smell of alcohol coming from his vehicle. "Odor of alcohol" is one of the classic symptoms of Pasadena DUI, by the way.
Jarc admitted to having consumed alcohol earlier in the evening, and field sobriety tests confirmed the suspicions. Jarc's BAC reading of 0.328% was four times the legal limit for DUI in Pasadena, as defined by California Vehicle Code Section 23152(b), of 0.08% BAC. As a result of this extreme BAC, he got hit with four different charges, including standard DUI of 0.08%, DUI over 0.15%, and DUI over 0.20%. Authorities said that Jarc was lucky to have survived that amount of alcohol in his system – guidebooks suggest that 0.35% BAC is the equivalent of a surgical anesthetic, and that level can lead to coma or death. At 0.40% BAC, you can suffer respiratory arrest and other serious medical problems, including death.
Jarc's extreme BAC is actually not the most extreme BAC ever recorded on a DUI driver or other person. In fact, in one of our blog posts about a year ago, we reviewed even more extreme BAC cases – people who allegedly had BAC levels of over 0.80% or even above 1%! Seems impossible, but apparently people have sustained that level of intoxication and survived.
Bouncing back after a Pasadena DUI charge is not easy to do, particularly if your charge is complex or confusing. The positive news, if that's even an appropriate word to use, is that the professionals at the Kraut Law Group in Pasadena (790 East Colorado Boulevard, 9th floor, Pasadena, California 91101 Phone: (626) 345-1899) can help you manage your next steps effectively. Michael Kraut is an ex-prosecutor for Los Angeles – he actually served as a Senior Deputy District DA. Connect with Attorney Kraut today for an immediate, complete, and stress-reducing complimentary consultation about what to do next.


I'm moving from London to New York. However, I don't have an apartment in New York yet so I'll be staying in budget hotels and hostels until I can find an apartment. I have around 20kg worth of excess stuff that I'd like to ship, but I don't know my address destination yet. So, is it possible to ship my stuff from London to some storage facility in New York and then I can pick it up later or have it delivered later once I'm settled in the new location? Is there such a company that does it in London and New York?
The keyword you want to search for is "bonded warehouse". I've done this elsewhere - ship to "Me, c/o Bonded warehouse, Border Town USA".
The warehouse will hold your stuff until you pick up the documentation, visit customs, and bring the clearance documents back. This probably will NOT work with the postal system - they are a bonded warehouse of sorts and things need to clear customs before continuing on.
Note that these places tend to be in the back end of airports or well-buried in the port area. You have to go there twice, and customs once (customs could be many km away). If you are not familiar with the process expect it to consume the full day and a decent amount of money. I would expect the excess-baggage fee to be cheaper.
Can you have someone in the UK mail it after you get an apartment?
I agree with Paul that what you need is a bonded warehouse, but you may also be able to contact relocating companies and have them hold your stuff for you.
The upside to doing this is that you won't have to run around the place chasing documents and getting clearances, but the downside is that you may be required to have a minimum amount of "stuff" before the company would take your business.
Most hotels will also accept your luggage for you - if you already know where you will be staying you can then ship your goods to the hotel (call ahead and let them know to expect a shipment for you). I have yet to have this request rejected, but colleagues have had experiences where the hotel refused to sign for the package unless the guest has informed them ahead of time (for security reasons) - and in one case, my friend was refused because he was not checked in yet.
I have to say 20 KG is nothing - you can save yourself a lot of hassle by just paying the excess baggage fee and then having your stuff with you when you fly. By far and away, this is the best option.
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This is how it was initially presented.
However it turned out to be almost completely disassembled with some exceptions.
When buying things from a distance its difficult to know what the actual condition is until it's in your possession.
To be fair, the seller provided a lot of photos he took during his disassembly.
Because the base and machine were put together with finger tight bolts for shipping it arrived with some additional issues because they separated in transit!
First order of business was to evaluate it and come up with a plan to address it's issues.
Base door, attempted repair poor.
All original parts are there (except the base cabinet foot, triangle mounting plate and door latches).
The parts are either on the machine or in zip lock bags supplied with the machine.
All 102 shelves removed and their shafts.
latches assured and were re-painted.
Here is the bottom of the base most rust removed, getting ready to install the new foot mounting plate.
The horizontal slots seen are for the base front door bottom.
Some machine threads were re-tapped if needed.
Here it has been painted with a slight hammer like finish,. New glass.
All polished stainless mounted along with bottom mirror trim and coin esc.
It's married to the base with the candy display tray installed .
The vending stack to be installed later when it's moved to it's final location, given the weight it will add.
Without it in the cabinet it will be much lighter and easier to move.


Looking For a Video or resource to go with your Visiting Teaching message this month?
The Link below is to President Uchtdorf's address 'Point of Safe return' reminding us we can all partake of the Saviour's atonement 'for we all fall short of his glory'.
By President Dieter F. Uchtdorf From an April 2007 general conference address.
President Uchtdorf teaches that because of the Atonement, we can repent and always have hope.
During my training to become an airline captain, I had to learn how to navigate an airplane over long distances. Flights over huge oceans, crossing extensive deserts, and connecting continents need careful planning to ensure a safe arrival at the planned destination. Some of these nonstop flights can last up to 14 hours and cover almost 9,000 miles (14,500 km).
There is an important decision point during such long flights known as the point of safe return. Up to this point the aircraft has enough fuel to turn around and return safely to the airport of departure. Having passed the point of safe return, the captain has lost this option and has to continue on. That is why this point is often referred to as the point of no return.
Satan wants us to think that when we have sinned we have gone past a "point of no return"—that it is too late to change our course. The Atonement of Jesus Christ is the gift of God to His children to correct and overcome the consequences of sin. Christ came to save us. If we have taken a wrong course, the Atonement of Jesus Christ can give us the assurance that sin is not a point of no return. A safe return is possible if we will follow God's plan for our salvation.
Wherever you find yourselves on this journey through life, whatever trials you may face, there is always a point of safe return; there is always hope. You are the captain of your life, and God has prepared a plan to bring you safely back to Him, to your divine destination.
The gift of the Atonement of Jesus Christ provides us at all times and at all places with the blessings of repentance and forgiveness. Because of this gift, the opportunity to make a safe return from the disastrous course of sin is available to all of us. Happiness in this life and eternal joy in a life to come will be our reward if we choose to accept and apply this gift of our Heavenly Father.
Every time you repent and take the sacrament, you are as clean as you were on the day you were baptized and confirmed. During the sacrament, think of how Jesus loves you and made it possible for you to repent and be happy.
Think of a time when you did something you knew was wrong. What does Heavenly Father want you to do when this happens? Why is it so important to repent as soon as you realize you have done something wrong?
How does keeping the commandments help you follow Heavenly Father's plan for your salvation? What are some ways that obedience keeps you safe?


"The balance approach to learning was important to me. By balancing theory and practical application, you are able to capture the essence of what it means to be a manager."
Matthew Balsor, BBA (Hons.), C.I.M.
"CIM teaches the tools to be successful both personally and professionally. The program challenged me to be an effective entrepreneur, manager and community leader."
"The CIM program has been an invaluable resource to understand and master the operational and strategic necessities of a successful business."