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Carlo Mollino and the architecture of the highest mountains
Perhaps better than when it was accessible, the ghost of the Fürggen cableway today tells the story of its blurred creation by Carlo Mollino, who spent years on the Grand Murailles and on the Matterhorn designing an ideal city. From Domus 889.
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Luciano Bolzoni, Gianluigi Ricuperati
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Carlo Mollino's visionary Cervinia
From the '30s onwards, Mollino worked on a number of architectural designs and visionary ideas for Cervinia. Starting from the PRG project of 1939, through to the inauguration of the Casa del Sole in 1954, with many unrealised or partially realised projects in between. Mollino also designed the Hotel in the Cervino area in 1937, the Casa deli Sport shop in 1941, and drew up several plans for an alpine chapel at Plateau Rosà (1940-41) and Villa Lora Totino in 1946. He also designed several tourist complexes around Cervinia's Cableway station such as the "Quota 2600" vertical sports centre, a variation on previous themes, as well as the extension of the Museroche cablecar station itself, in 1950.
Domus Archive n. 889, February 2006
Ghost station
It was never going to be easy. Count Lora Totino had decided to make use of the Breuil basin as the theatre for his idea of developing winter sports. The Count was also an engineer. In 1936, with other entrepreneurs, he planted the seeds of a ski resort in Cervinia, by constructing the cableway that would take skiers up to Plateau Rosà at 3,500 metres, then the highest in the world.
Cervinia as a resort did not begin with the construction of Mollino's Casa del Sole, but with Cereghini's Hotel Cervinia, completed in 1936. The Count even wanted to link this future micrometropolis directly with the Matterhorn, Il Cervino. Having in mind a top station to be built on a ridge just below the mountain peak, he invented the Fürggen cableway, which would cover the first leg up to the Matterhorn.
In the early summer of 1950, Lora Totino's dream started with a project by Vittorio Zignoli: a single span of nearly 3,000 metres and a height rise of 900, with no intermediate pylons. The most ambitious part, designing the upper station on the mountain crest, was left to Mollino. Italo Barmasse, one of the cableway builders and then an aspiring guide, recalls: "I was 22 when hired for the construction of the cableway. There were about a dozen of us, and the first thing we had to do was lay the electricity cables. There were no helicopters or jeeps. We set out early in the morning with a packed lunch, did a twelve-hour day and carried the materials on our backs."
I believe this construction represents an answer to the question of architecture at very high mountain altitudes, and that it is also a new constructional concept.
Count Lora Totino appointed Carlo Mollino to design the Fürggen ski-station while Mollino was still busy building the Casa del Sole, the condominium that was to condense the "Quota 2600" vertical sports centre. This was to be the first real experiment with an Alpine village, and it drew on the Tibetan monasteries of Lhasa as self-sufficient and self-justifying mountain units. The sports centre was the filter where citizens entered and came out as skiers, whereas the cableway was only for skiers – for good ones like Mollino himself.
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The building would be constructed on the Fürggen crest, a strategic area to the future ascent of the Matterhorn. The crest was a hard and dangerous site, sheer on three sides and joined to the foot of the Matterhorn by an amphitheatre of rock. The project envisaged an alpine nest, capable of accommodating – only for a few seconds – the cable car cabin and those few, daring ski-fiends who felt (although maybe weren't) able to face the hazards of the crest. The building dropped forwards, stretching beyond the rocky precipice to receive the incoming cabin, ready to send it straight back into empty space and to the uncertainty of the cables expected to support it, with no intermediate pylons or other human aids to mitigate its perils.
Lora Totino had given Mollino a tough job. Between May and September 1951, while the workers toiled on the moraine to lay the foundations for the building proper, Mollino was preparing his design of the station. In the first issue of Prospettive in December, he commented: "I believe this construction represents an answer to the question of architecture at very high mountain altitudes, and that it is also a new constructional concept. It is literally anchored in the rock, which had to be dynamited in order to create the albeit partial support platforms. All the rest is cantilevered."
With the customary calm of his alpine projects, Mollino proposed a concrete box for the three floors of his design, with an aluminium roof to be lowered from above. There would also be a secret passageway into the glacier: the famous rock tunnel. This was built in 1956 and was used by skiers until 1993 as part of that terrifying experience of skiing down the Fürggen run. It was an awesome building, a design that conquered fear – the fear that influenced the whole of Mollino's life but did not really come into his decisions. It was a fear overcome in his quest for sense.
Read also: The Climber's Refuge in Cervinia reinterprets alpine architecture
Mollino tried and kept on striving to give everything a meaning. Skiing in the mountains, driving cars or flying over the Alps were like designing the Fürggen, establishing the hinge anchor point, perhaps surveying the land on foot, or on skis along the perilous crest. The station was completed on the basis of the engineer-Count's idea and Mollino's design, which was modified to meet the human difficulties arising from the site's harshness and height. It finished with the cube, still visible today. There was no waiting room, accommodation or restaurant, only a bar, for which Mollino designed the furniture. There was no panoramic revolving structure, envisaged in one of the earlier perspectives but dropped from the final design. The Fürggen belvedere, however, was actually built. Gina Lollobrigida graced its terrace with her presence, and an altar, donated to by the TV personality Rascel, was frequently struck by lightning on the station.
At the Fürggen, Leo Gasperl, the straight downhill champion of Saint Moritz in the 1930s and maestro of the ski maestros, smiles proudly at the photographer, displaying a bottle of liqueur to be advertised. He came down the crest wearing his Thiring Mantel, the braking bat's cloak invented by a Viennese physicist, which made it possible to ski in a straight line. This was the cloak "that avoids excessive muscular strain. It fell into disuse because its wearers feel ridiculous. If you don't ski straight and fast, the wings go limp. The majority prefer to curve." Gasperl named his Alsatian, Fürggen. And it was here that his wife Luciana set her fashion shows.
All this continued until 1993, when the cables finally lay drooping on the ground under the weight of ice, never to be lifted again. The dream, however, was not interrupted and the ghost of the station is still there, distant but present. Mollino's ski station could be dismantled precisely because it is no longer used and therefore no longer useful, but it can still reveal a few surprises and a tremendous amount of professional expertise. Mollino is probably still around.
(Luigi Bolzoni)
The thin white duke
It is half past four on a crystal-clear winter's afternoon on the Italo-Swiss border, approximately 3,200 metres above sea level. The truth is that the ski resort perched high up among these peaks shows what it meant to leave signs in 20th-century time and space.
The first expression that counts is Mollino's own: a high-mountain architectural solution, or rather the creation of an amazing eliobeton hat after blowing up the neck of the peak. If the peak were a bottle, it would be a broken bottle ready for use as a weapon.
The second expression concerns the purpose of that weapon, i.e. "to control nature". This splendid definition was coined by John McPhee to describe, among other things, the construction of dams in New Orleans. Fürggen is not a natural disaster but today stands as the effigy of many failures that followed many dreams.
The third expression conveys the singularity of those dreams. The 20th century was like a cone, at the end of which there are no shapeless masses but the silhouette of an absolute Individual, in the sense of free – millions of individuals who, in the West at least, experimented with their freedom, technique, nature, time and biological development with the same obsessive drive that constructs the psyche of a dictator or pop-star. The David Bowie of Station to Station springs to mind. On stage in 1976, he embodied the dandy and overexposed silhouette of the "thin white duke", illuminated from behind by a Nazi-like coldness and the eyes of a declining West.
If Mollino had actually been a writer, he would have been Tommaso Landolfi, and if Tommaso Landolfi had been less isolationist, he would have rushed to applaud the erection of Fürggen. This is where he would have set his story entitled The Death of the King of France, in which the customary aristocratic protagonist tries to win a psychotic duel with a spider in a large ancestral country home.
Read also: Carlo Mollino's refuge
Those, however, were huge spaces, especially in the mind. Those were huge individuals, especially in terms of their self-regenerative potential: precious stones grown without interruption on ever-renewable trees. It was a matter of not questioning the resources, i.e. fabricating a comic-strip future – but a time still to come nonetheless.
I define the set of conditions that contained the resources, the control and the still to come as the cross of the 20th century. Undertakings such as Fürggen lay the 20th-century's cross bare. The 1950s constituted the first moment of the cross. In 1956, Mollino's project conjured up a tunnel through the rock of one of Europe's geological attics. The last moment was the 1970s: 1973 brought the oil crisis that prompted the turning point in the history of the past 30 years and in that of the coming 30. Mollino died that same year.
If architecture is an "economic diagram on the territory", then the way Fürggen traces a radius despite all the other diameters is a time diagram singing in a crystal-clear voice this will never happen again here. Gianluigi Ricuperati is a writer and critic. He works in Milan and Turin.
(Gianluigi Ricuperati)
Opening image: Domus n. 889, February 2006
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Dr Oliver Hartwich
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The next fall of Rome
Published in Business Spectator (Melbourne), 15 April 2010
http://www.businessspectator.com.au/bs.nsf/Article/Italy-Greece-Greek-crisis-sovereign-debt-Spain-pd20100414-4H8TV?OpenDocument&src=blb
Schoolchildren around the world learn that European history starts with Athens and Rome. In future times, they will also be taught that the end of modern Europe began in the same places.
The European welfare state model hit the buffers in Greece's fiscal crisis. Universal cradle-to-grave care for everyone as practised by consecutive Greek governments will never return. Not because European politicians would not want to provide it but because such promises can no longer be paid for. Greece's current budgetary near-death experience only foreshadows what most of Europe will suffer in the coming years.
There is, however, another problem looming on the European horizon that may trigger an even more severe crisis than increasing sovereign debt. A demographic earthquake is going to shake the very foundations of European society. To feel its first tremors, there is no better place to visit than Italy.
Italy is a country of delicious pasta, magnificent churches, and beautiful countryside. Rounding off the image of il bel paese is the idea of the Italian family dominated by a resolute mamma and her many bambini. You can still find pasta, churches and countryside in contemporary Italy, but the typical Italian family is just a piece of nostalgic folklore.
Europe as a whole has embarked on a process of population ageing and shrinking, but Italy is well ahead of its neighbours in both respects. In 2005, Europe was already the world's oldest continent with an average age of 38.9 years. By comparison, the average age was 36.3 years in America and Canada, 27.6 years in Asia, and only 19.0 years in Africa. Italy's average age, however, was in a league of its own at 42.3 years. The nation of bambini has turned grey.
On the positive side of this development is the fact that Italians live longer than most other nationalities, except Japan. Italian men may expect to live to 78 years on average; Italian women even reach 84 years. Whether it is the result of the Mediterranean diet or due to something else, the Italian lifestyle is conducive to high life expectancy.
Perhaps it's because Italians don't worry too much about the future even if they have every reason to be gloomy. Italy's remarkable longevity is in fact not the most important factor behind its rapidly ageing society. The key driver is the decline in fertility.
Italy indeed used to be a country of many children. In 1964, an Italian woman gave birth to an average of 2.7 children. Since the 1970s, the fertility rate has dropped sharply to an all-time low of 1.19 in 1995. It has somewhat recovered to 1.35 it is still well below the replacement level of 2.1 which demographers deem necessary to keep the population stable.
Why fertility in Italy collapsed as much as it did is a matter for debate. Cultural pessimists like Theodore Dalrymple argue that modern European society values its material standard of living more highly than anything else. Seen from this point of view, children would only be "obstructions to the enjoyment of life, a drain on resources, an obstacle to next year's holiday in Bali or wherever it might be", he writes in his just released book The New Vichy Syndrome.
There may be some truth to this assertion, but not quite in the way Dalrymple imagines. It is correct that the decline in fertility has something to do with the material conditions of the younger generation. However, it would be unfair to blame their growing childlessness on selfish greed.
A survey among women aged 25 to 39 in European Union member states showed that there is no other country with as many childless women as Italy. Nevertheless, the share of Italian women who categorically do not want children is much lower than in most other European countries. There is a paradox, then, why many Italian women want to be a mamma and yet very few actually give birth.
The paradox can be explained by looking at the circumstances of Italy's young generation. They may be living in one of the most prosperous – and beautiful – countries on the planet, yet living la dolce vita has become an unaffordable dream for them.
Rents in Italy's cities and a lack of good job opportunities are the most pressing problems for young Italians, and so it is not surprising that a whole generation of youngsters have become mammoni (mother's darlings). They stay at home well into their 20s and sometimes 30s. A staggering 92 percent of 18 to 24-year-olds and 62 percent of Italy's 25 to 29-year-olds reside at 'Hotel Mamma'. They have little choice as two-thirds of them earn monthly incomes below the €1,000 mark ($1,450). Such young adults are very unlikely to start a family. They are busy enough making ends meet.
The problem with demography is its inertia. As leading demographer Herwig Birg put it, once a development has been going in the wrong direction for 25 years, it takes 75 years to correct it. There is no quick fix for demographic faults; the skid marks of demographic change are too deep and long.
Even if Italy somehow managed to improve the situation of its young generation and boost fertility rates to more sustainable levels, it could not hold off the process of ageing and shrinking for decades. The potential mothers Italy needs were not born a generation ago.
Immigration is unlikely to improve Italy's demographic situation, either. The country would need an annual influx of more than 700,000 migrants to maintain its current workforce-to-retiree ratio, according to strategic consultancy STRATFOR. Such an unprecedented increase of Italy's migrant population from about four to five million people today is not politically viable, though. Mass immigration is already one of the most contentious issues in Italian politics.
Given these prospects, there will be fewer and older Italians for generations. Until 2030, Italy's population will fall by about two million people. This would be bad enough, but by this stage Italy's median age will be well over 50 years. It does not require much imagination to understand the burden this will pose on the Italian government as the main provider of health services and pensions. Also bear in mind that Italy today is already one of the most heavily indebted countries in Europe. If nothing else kills the euro currency beforehand, Italy's demographic time bomb will do the job.
In Europe, the Italians are furthest advanced on the trajectory of demographic change. Other nations like Germany, France or Spain are not far behind, though.
For a long time of post-War history, Europeans (at least in Western Europe) believed they had created a comfortable, secure and prosperous continent. As the Greek example shows, this was partly fuelled by ongoing budget deficits, which cannot be sustained forever. The common European phenomenon of ageing and shrinking populations, well underway in Italy, will inevitably turn this public finance crisis into a debt catastrophe.
Modern Europe began to fall apart in Greece and Italy. If Italian schoolchildren won't be taught this history lesson in the future, it's only because there will hardly be any bambini left to teach.
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The proclaimed "Blueberry Capital of the World" If you find yourself feeling blue, then a trip to Hammonton could juice your spirits.
The proclaimed "Blueberry Capital of the World" hosts The Red, White and Blueberry Festival annually on the last Sunday in June. The event features blueberry pie eating contests, rides, a car show and live music.
The town's oldest tradition, The Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Italian Festival, is celebrated by residents and visitors from all over the state. The Kiwanis Halloween and Firemen's Christmas Parades along Bellevue Avenue have also become a part of the community's long list of events.
Hammonton Art District focuses on education through creation and has evolved into a mecca for cultural and artistic expression. The Eagle Theater, recently renovated and re-opened after 95 years, provides a performing arts pulse within the area. Hammonton Arts Center and Stockton College Noyes Museum offer classes, workshops and gallery spaces for viewing and interpreting fine art.
The area is also a preferred destination for shopping in local boutiques or indulging in local eateries.
Agricultural roots are engrained into the soil of Hammonton and are reflected in the local farms and vineyards. The Hammonton Wine Festival showcases full bodied reds, citrusy whites and delectable dessert wines available by local vintners. Currently, there are three vineyards and wineries in Hammonton. The Tomasello Winery, Plagido's Winery and DiMatteo Vineyards represent award-winning varietals and finishes that can last for generations.
For more information about activities in Hammonton visit the community calendar.


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Category: Photoshoots
Photos: San Diego Comic-Con Pizza Hut Lounge
with Comments are off
Alycia is currently at the San Diego Comic-Con promoting Fear the Walking Dead. I have added a gorgeous new shoot from the Pizza Hut Lounge to the gallery.
Session 02 – San Diego Comic-Con Pizza Hut Lounge
Photos Photoshoots
Photos: InStyle Australia Digital Magazine Scans + Photoshoot
Alycia is featured in the April issue of InStyle Australia. Digital scans & photoshoot outtakes have been added to the gallery.
RELATED PHOTO LINKS:
April – InStyle Australia
Session 01 – InStyle Australia
Magazine Scans Photos Photoshoots
Press/Photos/Video: Alycia Debnam-Carey Models CHANEL Fall 2018 Couture for Coveteur
Everyone remembers their firsts. First kiss. The subsequent first breakup. First time living away from home. First job. And if you're Alycia Debnam-Carey, your first time wearing CHANEL couture. While most people are used to seeing Debnam-Carey portraying the zombie-fighting Alicia Clark on Fear the Walking Dead, we got to see a completely different side of the actress when we holed up with her for an afternoon at the Surrey Hotel with rooms and rooms full of CHANEL.
While Debnam-Carey spends most of her time commanding the screen, it is fair to say that fashion may have been her first love. "Fashion has always been something I have been so passionate about since I was very young," she told us. True to form, most of this love was inspired by what she saw on film. "A lot of early fashion memories for me were old movies. What really rings true is something like Wizard of Oz, Dorothy and those ruby-red slippers. I think I've now acquired a shoe fetish because I just love shoes, but that is very burnt into my memory, those pieces." She continued, "Silly things too, like How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days, when Kate Hudson's wearing that gold yellow dress. I remember thinking to myself, I want to wear that when I'm 10 or something. I think for me, that's where that love comes from too—the combination of movies and fashion for me has always been a collaboration. I find so much whimsy and enjoyment of it."
Of course, we had to ask what Debnam-Carey's style is like on her days off—when she's not dripping in diamonds—and we learned she has a very specific go-to. "I adore summer dresses, that's my go-to in L.A. I actually struggle when it's not summer because everyone else is like, Great, I get to wear jeans and a t-shirt, but for me, I only wanna live in summer dresses. I love like, the '40s and '50s style particularly. And I love a little flat or a little slide. Actually, in the moment, I've been really loving mules. And then a great classic bag to bring it a level up."
As the day went on, we also got to learn more about the actress and her career. "I've always known I wanted to do this," she explained, "so I actually started out at quite a young age. I did my first song when I was eight, and that's when I fell in love with it. I just didn't know that a whole world existed where people could collaborate together and create magic. I just knew that that was what I wanted to do." At 17 she signed with a manager in the U.S., and by the time she was 18 she left Australia and moved to L.A. While the first year was slammed with back-to-back shooting, Debnam-Carey also got a taste of the highs and lows of acting. "I had an amazing first year, it was kind of a dream one. It was back-to-back work; it was almost too good to be true. And then the second year, it was radio silence, and I think that's part of the growing pains of L.A. and the industry. You need to have that challenge, and it's good for you to have that so you know that it's really what you want to be doing. And the reasons you love doing this are the right reasons, which are, for me, the art of it and the process of it. After that I got a couple of great roles, but of course, it's really been Fear the Walking Dead that has been my greatest learning environment. I learned so much from the brilliant actors on that show—Kim Dickens, Frank Dillane, Lennie James, Cliff Curtis, Colman Domingo—these people have been just incredible actors but also amazing professionals."
Debnam-Carey hopes to bring all of these experiences into her career for the future. "I'm in this exciting position where I get to lead a show in a different way, and now I'm actually at the forefront, which is very different but also very exciting. But other than that, I'm trying to be very particular with what I choose next. I want to focus on film or limited series more, because it just gives you a little bit more time to jump around and investigate other characters and other worlds, and that's what I've always fallen in love with. The way you get to experience different lifetimes, and periods of times, and costumes, and characters."
While we will be waiting to see what Debnam-Carey does next, in the meantime, we're checking her out in couture.
Source: Coveteur
Session #008 | Coveteur
2018 – Coveteur – Behind the Scenes Screencaps
Photos Photoshoots Press Screencaps & Stills Videos
Press/Photos: Alycia Debnam-Carey for Alison Lou – Loucite
Alycia was named the new face of Alison Lou's jewelry collection Loucite. I've added photos from the campaign to the gallery.
2018 – Alison Lou: Loucite
Photos Photoshoots Press Screencaps & Stills
Photos: San Diego Comic-Con Appearances & Portraits
I've added additional appearance photos & portraits of Alycia from the San Diego Comic-Con to the gallery. A special thanks to Girl Jay & Maria for their contributions.
PHOTO GALLERY LINKS:
Photoshoots & Portraits > 2018 > Session #001 | San Diego Comic-Con
Red Carpet Appearances & Events > 2018 > July 19 – San Diego Comic-Con: Variety Studio
Appearances & Events Photos Photoshoots
I've added additional appearance photos & portraits of Alycia from the San Diego Comic-Con to the gallery. A special thanks to AliKat & Far Far Away for their contributions.
[cpg_albumnew:429,2]
July 19 – San Diego Comic-Con: "Better Call Saul" Premiere
July 20 – San Diego Comic-Con: Dinner & Cocktail Party
Session #001 | San Diego Comic-Con
Appearances & Events Fear the Walking Dead Photos Photoshoots Television
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Slip ring can be used in any electromechanical system that requires unrestrained, continuous rotation while transferring power and / or data from a stationary to a rotating structure. It is the best solution for servo motor which need to transfer encoder signal in rotating system.
Optional for flange or through hole installation,Designed for the servo motor/encoder of automatic control systems.
This series slip rings belong to custom solutions. Please feel free to contact us: [email protected]. Thanks for your support!


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Back-to-School Safety Reminders Vital for New Yorkers, says New York Injury Law Firm
Kaplan Lawyers PC urges parents and motorists to consider a few safety tips as children head back to school for the fall semester.
NEW YORK, NY, September 26, 2017 /24-7PressRelease/ — September 7 marked the first day of the new school season in New York, and more than 2 million children across the state are now getting on school buses to go to class every day. The New York personal injury law firm Kaplan Lawyers PC is offering advice to parents and drivers to make sure these commutes go as safely as possible.
"Drivers too often forget that their habits around school buses have implications not only for their own driving record, but for the safety of children," said John Tucker, director of claims management at Kaplan Lawyers PC. "This is evident in the fact that thousands of illegal school bus passes occur every month in our state."
In just one month of 2017, there were over 50,000 illegal passes of stopped school buses in New York State. The frequency of illegal passes has prompted some New York lawmakers to seek the installment of cameras on school buses to detect and record drivers passing school buses illegally, a move they believe will cause drivers to think twice before carelessly passing a bus.
Tucker said that Kaplan Lawyers PC believes legislation like the "The School Bus Camera Safety Act" is important to strengthening road safety for schoolchildren, but he also said there are many things people can do to make sure our roads are safer for young people.
"Parents can teach their children the basics of safely boarding and getting off a bus," Tucker said. "This includes looking both ways before exiting the bus, using handrails when using a bus's stairs and, perhaps most importantly, staying out of the 'danger zone,' which is approximately 10 feet around the area of the bus."
Tucker says the key thing for children to remember is to take five giant steps when exiting a bus to make sure they are in the safe zone.
Drivers, too, can do their part to make sure school children are safe. Tucker reminds all motorists to faithfully follow speed limits in school zones, always come to a complete stop when a school bus deploys a stop sign and be cautious when driving in school parking lots where children could be walking between vehicles.
"Establishing good safety habits at the beginning of the school year is central to making our roads safer all year long," Tucker said. "Small changes in our behaviors can have massive benefits to everyone on New York roads."
About Kaplan Lawyers PC
The attorneys at Kaplan Lawyers PC help clients in legal matters ranging from personal injury claims to workers' compensation disputes. They have locations in New York City, Brooklyn, Queens, Nassau County and Suffolk County. Visit the Kaplan Lawyers PC website to learn more.
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An American soldier was killed today in a shootout with a former Haitian Army officer near a military checkpoint, officials said.
He was the first American soldier to die at the hands of Haitians since United States troops landed here on Sept. 19.
The Haitian gunman also wounded a second American soldier before he was shot and killed, said a United States Embassy spokesman, Stanley Schrager.
The gunman was a passenger in a white pickup truck that ran the checkpoint just after noon in the coastal town of Gonaives, about 100 miles north of Port-au-Prince, Mr. Schrager said.
Two American soldiers drove after the pickup truck, approaching on foot when it stopped, he said. The Haitian gunman got out of the truck shooting, killing one soldier and wounding the other.
A third American soldier arrived at the scene and shot and killed the gunman, he said.
An angry crowd captured the driver of the pickup truck and he was being questioned. The names of the soldiers were not released.
"Apparently it was a criminal activity and not directed at the U.S.," Mr. Schrager said.
A military spokeswoman, Maj. Cindy Sito of the Army, said that the shooting appeared to be "an isolated incident."
Gerarde Elysee, a spokeswoman for the interior ministry of the Haitian district where the shooting occurred, identified the gunman as Maj. Aurel Frederic, a militiaman for the former dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier's, and the driver as Jules Cesar, a bodyguard to Duvalier's Interior and Defense Minister, Roger LaFontant. Mr. Frederic was expelled from the military in 1989 in a dispute with the Haitian leader at the time, Lieut. Gen. Prosper Avril.
It was the first death of an American soldier at the hands of Haitians since 21,000 United States troops arrived to prepare for the return of the country's exiled President, Jean-Bertrand Aristide. About 6,000 remain in an 8,000-member multinational force.
Four other Americans taking part in the mission have died. One, a translator for the international police force, was killed in an accident; three soldiers have committed suicide.
After the shooting, the American soldiers were flown to an Army hospital in Port-au-Prince. One died from chest wounds. One was shot in the arm and underwent surgery, Major Sito said.
President Aristide called the soldier's death "a deplorable act of violence" and promised that the incident "will not derail the process of peace and reconciliation" in Haiti.
The killing underscored the fact that Haitians are still riding around carrying guns. Although American forces have recovered more than 14,000 weapons through confiscation and a buyback program, the Haitian President has been critical of what he considers inadequate attempts to remove weapons from his political opponents.


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Mohit Ahlawat who made a world record triple-century in a local T20 tournament on Sunday, said that former Indian captain MS Dhoni is his role model.
Delhi Ranji team's wicketkeeper batsman, Mohit Ahlawat who made a world record triple-century in a local T20 tournament on Sunday, said that former Indian captain MS Dhoni is his role model while speaking to the news agency ANI. The 21-year-old opening batsman said that he also loves the batting of South African captain AB De Villiers and often tries to copy him but he is too good to be replicated.
"I do try to copy AB De Villiers, but naturally one can't. MS Dhoni is also my role model," said Ahlawat. He also said that he didn't do anything different during his knock and played his natural game. Ahlawat's 300 runs in the Friends Premier League is now the highest recognised individual score in T20 cricket at any level.
He said, "I did not play any different or extraordinary shots, I played my natural game." Ahlawat played this knock at national capital's Lalita Park playing for his team Maavi XI against Friends XI. His 72 deliveries knock included 14 fours and 39 sixes. At the end of the 18th over, Ahlawat was batting on 250 runs but managed to score 50 runs from the final two overs, with 34 runs coming from the final over.
Ahlawat who hails from Panipat, made his Ranji debut for the Delhi side against Rajasthan in 2015 but was dropped from the team as managed to score just 5 runs from his 3 first-class matches. However, his triple ton was enough to get the attention of IPL franchises ahead of the 2017 auction and it was reported that Delhi Daredevils side mentored by Rahul Dravid have asked him to give a trial.
Ahlawat's opening partner, Gaurav also scored 86 runs off 39 balls. A couple of years ago, 15-year-old Pranav Dhanawade scored 1000 runs in just 323 balls for KC Gandhi School against Arya Gurukul School at a tournament in Mumbai. This is the highest recognised individual score in any format of the game.


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USA.com / Michigan / Bridgman Public Schools / Natural Disasters and Weather Extremes
Bridgman Public Schools Natural Disasters and Weather Extremes
The Richest School Districts Nearby
House Price of School Districts Nearby
The chance of earthquake damage in Bridgman Public Schools is about the same as Michigan average and is much lower than the national average. The risk of tornado damage in Bridgman Public Schools is higher than Michigan average and is higher than the national average.
Topics: Earthquake IndexVolcano IndexTornado IndexOther Weather Extremes EventsVolcanos NearbyHistorical Earthquake EventsHistorical Tornado Events
Earthquake Index, #420
The earthquake index value is calculated based on historical earthquake events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the earthquake level in a region. A higher earthquake index value means a higher chance of an earthquake.
Volcano Index, #1
The volcano index value is calculated based on the currently known volcanoes using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the possibility of a region being affected by a possible volcano eruption. A higher volcano index value means a higher chance of being affected.
Tornado Index, #421
The tornado index value is calculated based on historical tornado events data using USA.com algorithms. It is an indicator of the tornado level in a region. A higher tornado index value means a higher chance of tornado events.
Other Weather Extremes Events
A total of 1,864 other weather extremes events within 50 miles of Bridgman Public Schools were recorded from 1950 to 2010. The following is a break down of these events:
Type Count Type Count Type Count Type Count Type Count
Avalanche: 0 Blizzard: 6 Cold: 10 Dense Fog: 3 Drought: 1
Dust Storm: 0 Flood: 137 Hail: 353 Heat: 3 Heavy Snow: 81
High Surf: 0 Hurricane: 0 Ice Storm: 17 Landslide: 0 Strong Wind: 35
Thunderstorm Winds: 1,093 Tropical Storm: 0 Wildfire: 0 Winter Storm: 55 Winter Weather: 13
Other: 57
Volcanos Nearby
No volcano is found in or near Bridgman Public Schools.
Historical Earthquake Events
No historical earthquake events that had recorded magnitudes of 3.5 or above found in or near Bridgman Public Schools.
No historical earthquake events found in or near Bridgman Public Schools.
Historical Tornado Events
A total of 74 historical tornado events that had recorded magnitude of 2 or above found in or near Bridgman Public Schools.
Distance (miles) Date Magnitude Start Lat/Log End Lat/Log Length Width Fatalities Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage Affected County
4.7 2010-06-05 2 41°58'N / 86°30'W 41°59'N / 86°26'W 3.00 Miles 200 Yards 0 0 150K 0K Berrien
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: A survey of the area between Baroda and Stevensville indicated damage consistent with a tornado. The damage started on Marrs Road, just west of Stevensville-Baroda Road. and continued east-northeast. The damage started with a travel trailer being thrown and destroyed as well as some tree damage. The circulation tracked mainly over open fields until reaching an area of homes on Lincoln Ave where the entire roof was ripped off a home (DI: FR12, DOD: 6) and another home suffered slightly less roof damage. The circulation continued northeast, crossing Hollywood Road, north of Linco Road. Several one year old 24 inch diameter power poles were snapped (DI: ETL; DOD 4). In addition, a harrow and trailer were thrown from a barn roughly 150 to 200 yards into a field. The circulation appears to dissipate north of Linco Road, on Scottdale Road. The tornado was roughly 200 yards wide at its peak. Maximum winds are estimated at around 125 mph. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front worked north towards lower Michigan during the evening hours of the 5th. Storms were initially slow to organize, but quickly intensified and became super cellular as they moved off Lake Michigan. A combination of tornadoes and micro bursts were found in surveys across Berrien, Cass and St. Joseph counties.
5.1 1972-06-14 2 41°58'N / 86°29'W 41°59'N / 86°26'W 1.30 Miles 70 Yards 0 0 3K 0 Berrien
5.4 1967-04-21 2 42°01'N / 86°30'W 1.00 Mile 27 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Berrien
9.5 1976-03-04 2 41°57'N / 86°34'W 42°05'N / 86°13'W 20.00 Miles 100 Yards 0 9 250K 0 Berrien
10.2 1976-03-12 2 41°46'N / 86°43'W 41°52'N / 86°34'W 10.10 Miles 83 Yards 0 0 25K 0 Berrien
10.4 1981-06-20 2 41°57'N / 86°21'W 1.50 Miles 500 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Berrien
11.2 1979-04-12 2 41°51'N / 86°23'W 41°54'N / 86°20'W 3.30 Miles 60 Yards 0 6 250K 0 Berrien
12.8 1961-03-04 2 41°46'N / 86°45'W 41°50'N / 86°39'W 6.50 Miles 440 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Berrien
14.7 1974-06-20 2 42°03'N / 86°18'W 0.80 Mile 100 Yards 0 0 25K 0 Berrien
16.7 1960-06-16 2 41°50'N / 86°16'W 0 0 3K 0 Berrien
17.3 1956-06-26 2 41°49'N / 86°16'W 0.10 Mile 17 Yards 0 0 0K 0 Berrien
17.4 1965-11-26 3 41°42'N / 86°30'W 1.00 Mile 70 Yards 0 0 250K 0 St. Joseph
19.6 1958-05-31 2 41°40'N / 86°36'W 1.00 Mile 33 Yards 0 2 25K 0 La Porte
20.6 2001-10-24 3 41°37'N / 86°26'W 41°45'N / 86°18'W 15.00 Miles 1320 Yards 1 2 3.0M 0 St. Joseph
Brief Description: This tornado touched down just southwest of Crumstown in St Joseph county Indiana and moved northeast into Berrien county Michigan (see Storm Data for Michigan, Extreme Southwest for more information on the end portion of this tornado). In St Joseph county Indiana the most significant damage was across Crumstown, where F3 damage with a path width up to 3/4 mile occurred. The tornado then moved to near the Michiana Regional Airport and across the Indiana Turnpike causing F0-F1 damage. Two men were injured northwest of South Bend. One man later died from his injuries. The tornado moved into Berrien county Michigan 6 miles NNW of South Bend.
21.1 1979-06-07 2 42°05'N / 86°11'W 2.00 Miles 60 Yards 0 1 25K 0 Van Buren
22.6 1992-07-13 2 42°02'N / 86°10'W 42°04'N / 86°06'W 4.00 Miles 80 Yards 0 25 250K 0 Cass
22.6 1957-03-14 2 41°39'N / 86°44'W 0 0 3K 0 La Porte
22.7 1962-04-30 3 41°40'N / 86°31'W 41°42'N / 86°04'W 23.10 Miles 33 Yards 0 49 250K 0 St. Joseph
23.4 1958-05-31 2 41°43'N / 86°53'W 0 0 250K 0 La Porte
24.6 1998-08-25 2 41°51'N / 86°14'W 41°47'N / 85°59'W 9.00 Miles 800 Yards 0 0 500K 0 Cass
Brief Description: ONE MOBILE HOME WAS COMPLETELY DEMOLISHED ON SOUTH SIDE OF JUNO LAKE AND SEVERAL OTHER HOMES AROUND JUNO, PAINTER, EAGLE AND CHRISTAN LAKE SUFFERED MINOR TO MODERATE STRUCTURAL DAMAGE. AN RV WAS TOSSED ABOUT AND ROTATED 180 DEGREES WHICH CAUSED MAJOR DAMAGE. NUMEROUS TREES WERE COMPLETELY FLATTENED WHICH ALSO CAUSED DAMAGE TO HOMES. MANY ROADS WERE BLOCKED BY FALLEN TREES...SNAPPED POWER POLES AND DOWNED POWER LINES. THIS TORNADO BEGAN IN NILES AND PEAKED IN INTENSITY AND WIDTH 3 MILES NORTHWEST OF EDWARDSBURG WHERE IT WIDENED OUT TO ONE HALF MILE. IT CONTINUED ON TOWARD THE TOWN OF BRISTOL IN NORTHEAST ELKHART COUNTY BEFORE LIFTING.
24.7 1976-03-12 3 41°41'N / 86°56'W 41°37'N / 86°42'W 12.60 Miles 200 Yards 0 7 250K 0 La Porte
24.9 1980-06-28 2 41°40'N / 86°15'W 0 0 2.5M 0 St. Joseph
25.3 2010-06-05 2 41°57'N / 86°05'W 41°57'N / 86°02'W 3.00 Miles 200 Yards 0 0 100K 0K Cass
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: After leaving behind a swath of microburst winds, the storm intensified with a tornado touching down about a half mile southwest of Southwestern Michigan College, near Dowagiac. The circulation initially impacted the Pokagan subdivision with numerous homes suffering varying degrees of damage (DI: FR12 DOD: 4). The circulation continued east-southeast through mainly open and wooded areas, severely damaging numerous trees. The most extensive tree damage occurred near Michigan 62, west of Twin Lake Road where a 600 yard wide area of trees suffered extensive damage. The circulation was likely embedded within a much larger area of rear flank downdraft winds. The circulation then turned more southeast and hit a cemetery on Michigan 62, south of Cass Street. The circulation quickly dissipated after this point. Maximum winds are estimated at around 115 mph. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A warm front worked north towards lower Michigan during the evening hours of the 5th. Storms were initially slow to organize, but quickly intensified and became super cellular as they moved off Lake Michigan. A combination of tornadoes and micro bursts were found in surveys across Berrien, Cass and St. Joseph counties.
26.3 1956-05-09 2 42°12'N / 86°10'W 1.00 Mile 33 Yards 0 0 25K 0 Van Buren
27.1 1976-03-12 3 41°42'N / 86°58'W 41°41'N / 86°56'W 0 0 250K 0 Porter
28.4 1986-06-19 2 41°55'N / 86°00'W 1.30 Miles 700 Yards 0 0 2.5M 0 Cass
28.8 2001-10-24 2 41°26'N / 86°54'W 41°40'N / 86°32'W 33.00 Miles 1760 Yards 1 0 750K 0 La Porte
29.6 1958-06-24 2 41°45'N / 86°07'W 41°45'N / 85°58'W 7.30 Miles 33 Yards 0 0 25K 0 St. Joseph
31.0 2001-10-24 2 41°39'N / 86°08'W 41°42'N / 86°01'W 4.50 Miles 1320 Yards 0 0 1.3M 0 St. Joseph
32.1 1976-03-04 2 42°05'N / 86°13'W 42°15'N / 85°47'W 24.80 Miles 100 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Van Buren
32.3 1965-04-11 4 41°35'N / 86°12'W 41°37'N / 86°04'W 6.90 Miles 333 Yards 0 27 0K 0 St. Joseph
32.5 1954-06-12 2 41°34'N / 86°11'W 0 0 3K 0 St. Joseph
33.7 2009-08-19 2 41°36'N / 87°04'W 41°39'N / 87°01'W 4.00 Miles 60 Yards 0 0 1.5M 0K Porter
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: A tornado touched down in southern Chesterton east of 11th Street and southwest of South Park Drive. The tornado quickly intensified as it moved to the northeast and caused the partial collapse of a gymnasium roof at the Chesterton Junior High School. A wind gust to 105 mph was measured by an anemometer near the school. This damage along with numerous trees that were either uprooted or sheared off was caused by tornado winds reaching 110 mph. The tornado was rated EF1 at this point with a path width of 40 yards. The tornado continued to track to the northeast across the New York Central railroad tracks toward Grant Avenue where the roof of a warehouse had been peeled off and thrown about 15 yards behind the building to the north. The tornado continued to the northeast where an apartment building on Brown Avenue lost its entire roof. This damage was caused by tornado winds reaching 120 mph. The tornado damage was rated EF2 through this area with a path width of 60 yards. In the city of Chesterton, 211 structures sustained damage; 8 were completely destroyed; 54 suffered major damage, such as trees falling through roofs. The remaining 149 structures sustained damage such as missing shingles or damaged gutters. Multiple vehicles were damaged by falling debris from buildings or trees. Numerous power lines were blown down along with utility poles blown down or snapped. This EF2 damage continued northeast where an entire field of healthy old hardwood tree trunks were snapped off or uprooted. The tornado then started to slightly weaken as it approached the Interstate 94 eastbound exit/westbound entrance ramps at Indiana Highway 49. A home south of the interstate had a garage roof blown off with still numerous trees uprooted or sheared off. Tornado wind speeds here were estimated at 100 mph with an EF1 rating. Similar tree damage was noted along a path that continued to go to the northeast across Highway 49 and toward Highway 20 near Hadenfelt Road where some aluminum roofing material of a storage facility had been peeled off. Tornado wind speeds were estimated at 95 mph here and was rated EF1 with a path width of 30 yards. The tornado continued to move through a heavily forested area in the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, eventually crossing Highway 12. Radar imagery and an aerial survey suggests that the tornado dissipated north of Highway 12. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Strong to severe thunderstorms moved across parts of northwest Indiana during the late afternoon and evening hours of August 19th, producing one tornado in Chesterton.
34.6 1965-04-11 3 41°29'N / 86°17'W 41°35'N / 86°04'W 12.90 Miles 250 Yards 3 27 25.0M 0 St. Joseph
34.7 1962-04-30 3 41°42'N / 86°04'W 41°46'N / 85°49'W 13.40 Miles 33 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Elkhart
34.8 1980-05-13 3 42°13'N / 86°13'W 42°18'N / 85°49'W 21.00 Miles 300 Yards 0 15 2.5M 0 Van Buren
35.0 1954-05-31 2 42°18'N / 86°12'W 42°24'N / 86°04'W 9.30 Miles 33 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Van Buren
35.9 1965-04-11 3 41°24'N / 86°55'W 41°30'N / 86°35'W 18.30 Miles 33 Yards 0 0 25.0M 0 La Porte
36.2 1965-04-11 3 41°24'N / 86°28'W 41°29'N / 86°17'W 10.70 Miles 250 Yards 3 28 25.0M 0 Marshall
36.2 1965-04-11 3 41°35'N / 86°04'W 41°38'N / 85°58'W 5.60 Miles 250 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Elkhart
36.7 1989-05-30 2 42°24'N / 86°12'W 42°25'N / 86°11'W 1.00 Mile 100 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Van Buren
36.9 1956-04-03 3 42°16'N / 86°08'W 42°23'N / 85°57'W 12.00 Miles 200 Yards 0 9 2.5M 0 Van Buren
37.4 1967-10-24 2 41°35'N / 86°01'W 0 0 3K 0 Elkhart
39.1 1958-07-29 2 41°23'N / 86°35'W 0 0 25K 0 Starke
39.1 1965-09-14 2 41°23'N / 86°35'W 0 0 250K 0 Starke
39.6 1965-04-11 3 41°21'N / 86°35'W 41°24'N / 86°28'W 6.40 Miles 250 Yards 4 27 25.0M 0 Starke
40.3 1965-04-11 4 41°37'N / 86°04'W 41°43'N / 85°40'W 21.60 Miles 333 Yards 31 252 0K 0 Elkhart
41.0 1965-04-11 4 41°31'N / 86°04'W 41°42'N / 85°44'W 21.20 Miles 33 Yards 31 252 0K 0 Elkhart
41.1 1980-07-05 2 41°43'N / 85°49'W 0 0 250K 0 Elkhart
41.5 1986-09-29 2 42°12'N / 85°51'W 42°12'N / 85°47'W 3.80 Miles 400 Yards 0 1 250K 0 Van Buren
41.9 1976-03-12 3 41°17'N / 86°39'W 41°24'N / 86°28'W 12.10 Miles 40 Yards 0 4 25K 0 Starke
42.2 1989-05-30 2 42°25'N / 86°11'W 42°32'N / 86°05'W 9.20 Miles 100 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Allegan
42.8 1988-10-16 2 41°28'N / 86°00'W 41°33'N / 85°56'W 6.00 Miles 40 Yards 0 0 2.5M 0 Elkhart
42.8 1961-06-13 2 41°21'N / 86°20'W 0 0 3K 0 Marshall
43.9 1953-05-17 2 41°47'N / 85°46'W 41°51'N / 85°40'W 6.40 Miles 33 Yards 0 0 3K 0 St. Joseph
43.9 1967-10-24 3 41°33'N / 87°13'W 0 0 25K 0 Porter
44.0 1977-06-30 2 41°31'N / 87°16'W 41°33'N / 87°08'W 6.80 Miles 300 Yards 0 1 2.5M 0 Lake
44.5 1956-04-03 3 42°23'N / 85°57'W 42°26'N / 85°56'W 2.30 Miles 200 Yards 0 0 2.5M 0 Van Buren
44.8 1976-03-12 2 41°29'N / 87°13'W 41°32'N / 87°10'W 3.30 Miles 33 Yards 0 0 3K 0 Porter
45.7 1964-04-28 2 41°26'N / 85°59'W 41°27'N / 85°59'W 1.10 Miles 100 Yards 0 0 0K 0 Kosciusko
45.7 1976-03-20 2 41°19'N / 86°15'W 41°24'N / 86°03'W 11.60 Miles 77 Yards 0 10 250K 0 Marshall
45.8 2007-10-18 3 41°26'N / 86°00'W 41°30'N / 85°53'W 7.00 Miles 880 Yards 0 0 11.0M 0K Elkhart
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado continued northeast out of Kosciusko County into the southeast side of Nappanee where the most extensive damage occurred. The width of the tornado decreased to one quarter mile and intensified just south of US-6 and County Road 7 as wind speeds increased to around 165 mph, in the upper range of the EF3 rating. The tornado went through an area populated by homes, restaurants, convenience stores and 3 RV plants, all of which sustained varying degrees of damage. Local officials reported that 459 buildings were damaged. Of these, 352 were homes with 52 of those being destroyed or uninhabitable. 81 businesses were damaged and 26 destroyed. A few minor injuries were also reported, mainly from people trapped in some of the houses and a few businesses. The tornado continued into the Blackstone subdivision where numerous homes were damaged or destroyed. The tornado continued to west of New Paris near the intersection of County Roads 46 and 17 where it lifted. Numerous vehicles of all varieties sustained severe damage. Damage is estimated around $11 million. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A combination of strong dynamics, wind shear, and rapid low level moisture return all combined to produce severe weather across much of Northern Indiana. One of several supercell thunderstorms produced a long tracked tornado which reached the high end of EF3.
46.0 1962-07-20 2 41°32'N / 87°25'W 41°35'N / 87°08'W 14.90 Miles 33 Yards 0 0 25K 0 Lake
46.4 2007-10-18 2 41°23'N / 86°02'W 41°26'N / 86°00'W 5.00 Miles 880 Yards 0 0 3.0M 0K Kosciusko
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado continued tracking northeast from Marshall county into extreme northwestern Kosciusko county. 116 structures were reported to have some sort of damage. 17 homes were destroyed, 6 suffered major damage and 17 minor damage. A horse was killed in a barn that was destroyed. Damage estimated around 3 million dollars. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A combination of strong dynamics, wind shear, and rapid low level moisture return all combined to produce severe weather across much of Northern Indiana. One of several supercell thunderstorms produced a long tracked tornado which reached the high end of EF3.
46.9 1951-11-13 2 41°36'N / 87°20'W 0.30 Mile 400 Yards 0 0 250K 0 Lake
47.4 1965-04-11 3 41°21'N / 87°12'W 41°24'N / 86°55'W 14.80 Miles 33 Yards 0 0 25.0M 0 Porter
47.5 2009-06-19 2 42°28'N / 86°00'W 42°28'N / 85°53'W 6.00 Miles 400 Yards 0 0 0K 0K Allegan
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: Damage to both trees and structures were found along the tornado path. A Circa 1940 pole barn was destroyed and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted just over a half a mile west of Chicora north of 108th Avenue. Further down the tornado's path, garage doors were blown out and carried 300 yards while two boats were blown out of the garage. The house suffered 80% shingle loss with one 2-foot diameter hole in the roof on the home's west side. This was approximately 0.35 miles north of Chicora. The most extensive damage occurred approximately one mile northeast of Chicora along 42nd Street. A roof was partially torn off of a house. A barn was blown about 20-feet off of its foundation. There were several telephone poles snapped with wires wrapped around a tree. A roof was ripped off a small unoccupied house with one wall collapsed. Debris was lofted up to one-half mile across a field. More shingle loss was found on the west side of a home located two-miles northeast of Chicora. Nearly 80% shingle loss was witnessed. Several utility poles were snapped with widespread tree damage through the area. More damage to a home was observed about a quarter-mile west of Schermerhorn Lake. The damage happened when numerous falling trees crushed it. One-quarter mile of 39th street was blocked by fallen trees. The trees were piled up to 15-feet deep on the road. As the tornado was weakening, a 30-foot metal tower was bent over half way up. This was located near the intersection of 37th Street and 109th Avenue. Minor roof damage was also noted to a home in this area. EPISODE NARRATIVE: Thunderstorms developed and moved across Lake Michigan during the evening hours on June 19th. Several hours of intense rainfall occurred starting around 7:00 PM EST. The ground was already saturated from early morning thunderstorms that produced very heavy rainfall. In addition to the heavy rain, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes accompanied the thunderstorms.
48.0 2007-10-18 2 41°18'N / 86°10'W 41°23'N / 86°02'W 8.00 Miles 440 Yards 0 0 600K 0K Marshall
Brief Description: EVENT NARRATIVE: The tornado touched down near the intersection of 12B and Gumwood Roads, just west of Bourbon. Initial damage comprised of damage to shingles on a few roofs as well as some tree damage. As the tornado moved northeast and intensified it blew down a 3/8 mile long stretch of power poles. A total of 16 homes suffered damage from the tornado, 3 were destroyed, 1 suffered major damage and 12 suffered minor damage. Some barns, storage sheds, silos and garages suffered damage of varying degrees as well. The tornado reached the higher end of EF2 as it entered into Kosciusko County. A Bourbon Fire Department grass truck crashed into a ditch during the storm, with the driver being taken to the hospital for unknown injuries. It is not known as to why the crash occurred. 3 other non-specific minor injuries were reported. Damage is estimated at around $600,000. EPISODE NARRATIVE: A combination of strong dynamics, wind shear, and rapid low level moisture return all combined to produce severe weather across much of Northern Indiana. One of several supercell thunderstorms produced a long tracked tornado which reached the high end of EF3.
48.7 1976-03-12 2 41°27'N / 87°16'W 41°29'N / 87°13'W 2.30 Miles 200 Yards 0 0 3K 0 Lake
50.0 1965-04-11 4 41°37'N / 85°42'W 41°38'N / 85°40'W 0 0 250K 0 Elkhart
* The information on this page is based on the global volcano database, the U.S. earthquake database of 1638-1985, and the U.S. Tornado and Weather Extremes database of 1950-2010.


Officer Lawrence Dorsey was shot and killed while responding to a man with a gun call at 380 Eastern Avenue, NE.
When he arrived he discovered a man with a shotgun. He ordered the man to drop the gun and as he attempted to arrest him a struggle ensued. The man fired the shotgun twice, striking Officer Dorsey both times. Officer Dorsey succumbed to his wounds five days later.
Officer Dorsey had been with the Metropolitan Police Department for five years. He was survived by his wife and two sons.
Rest in peace Officer Dorsey.


Finding a proper rehabilitation service for drug addiction is not the easiest job in the world because the services for rehabilitation can vary from one individual to another. You will stand to recover quickly when you identify a suitable treatment for your abuse problem; however, overcoming this illness is a decision only you can make.
Drug Rehab North Yorkshire specialises in helping people that have addiction issue find the efficient service that is suitable for them.
You've already taken the hardest step is deciding to find help and reclaim control of your life. You can contact us right away to obtain information about the services best suited to your requirements. You can surpass your drug addiction like the thousands of people we have helped and you can remain substance free with the right service.
In the UK, you can identify many accessible substance abuse treatment centres. Some of these services will be available from the National Health Service [NHS] while several others are being provided by facilities and welfare organisations.
You are as entitled to care from the NHS as anyone else going to the NHS for any other disease because drug addiction is a disease. One place to start is talking about you worries and your addiction with your GP.
As an option, search tab can be utilised by you on our website and a drug rehab service nearby can be searched by you. The form of drug therapy service varies Some drug therapy specialises in a particular kind of substance, while others give general substance treatment service. And while some don't cater to a specific gender, others provide medical care and support to either males or females.
Choosing between inpatient rehab service and outpatient rehab service will also be required from you. Both services have their advantages, but the choice depends on your condition. Treatment centres which concentrate in handling a particular substance dependence illness you are struggling to recover from is the best option, especially for non-admitted patients. They can still provide other drug treatments, but they should specialise and concentrate on the substance that you're battling with.
This is because that these treatment centres usually have staff whose expertise are suited for handling your particular drug addiction problem. These specialised clinics are more knowledgeable and skilled in dealing with your specific addiction's mental, physical, and emotional aspects, and while all drugs have similar side effects that manifest during detoxification, some side effects are drug specific. Therefore, if you want to see successful results, these centres are the better choice.
Drug abuse rarely affects just the addict. The correct addiction service will in addition assist you and your loved ones with the preparation and completion of the process. Because of this issue, specialised education is desirable.
People living in and receiving treatment from the facility have similar need. Treatment of the admitted patients differs depending on the type of their treatment. No visitors are allowed in some facilities and you are required to stay within the facility always. Although, others permit you to enter and go as you wish. The period of the treatment is not the same. Some treatment plans stay for only 30 days other may end up taking an entire year.
However, many people mistakenly believe that you are forced to stay against your will once you enter a rehab. This is not really a fact because you are free to leave whenever you choose. Most rehabs agree that the only way they will be effective is if the patient really wants to be there. The only moment you're forced to stay in therapy is when it is an order from the court.
Variation between facilities is the amount of luxury offered. Some rehabs offer the basic facilities, while others offer more luxury. Your budget and insurance coverage will be crucial in the selection of kind of rehab. But, even if you can afford it, you should still research every facility you're considering; some of the most luxurious facilities may not be the right fit for you.
Before rehabilitation, the first step is to detox. This is the procedure when your system is relieved from all the toxins of the drug. It may go on for seven days while physicians and nurses monitor you. You can proceed to the rehab when you are through with detoxification.
Victims embark on this recovery process usually without considering how tough it might be to terminate substance abuse coupled with the symptoms that accompany the journey. The reason the treatment process and withdrawal side effects can be unpleasant is that the drugs alter the brain, and it is vital to understand this.
Medically supported detoxification and withdrawal together with substance counselling lessons targeted at rehabilitating the patient and lowering the addiction are crucial. It's as well vital that the right healing targets at supporting the user in mending ties that may have been affected as a result of substance exploitation.
Embarking on a journey to rehab is a difficult process for all and is the primary reason why the Drug Rehab North Yorkshire is looking forward to helping you with the initial step. We aim to help you remove doubts and confusion and help you choose the right rehab for you. Information on drug addiction rehabilitation can be overwhelming, and sometimes outright conflicting.
We can help you to cut through the hassle and find the right services for you. We host a free consultation service with you to evaluate your demands and requirements and find an outcome that will allow you attain a triumphant result.
Since we began, our skilled team of doctors, interventionists, and therapists has helped thousands of people just like you find right program and take the essential steps. We implement an approach tailored at figuring out the best services for you and assisting you down the best path.
Our team comprehends all the trials that will emerge. You require all the help you can receive and we will offer that aid. We can also help in preparing your family for the process and helping them set realistic expectations for themselves. You will require all the moral support you can get from family and friends because it's vital for your situation. Nevertheless, they will also require support and assistance during this process.
The solution that is recommended by us will suit all your requirements. It will also rely on what facilities are available in your area. We are convinced that our practical experience and connections will assist you in finding precisely what you require.
We are available to assist you when you make that brave step and are cheering for you all the way. Contact us immediately and we will be with you every single step of the way to your path of regaining back your life.


text:
Q: Natural Isomorphism of Tensor Product With Two Rings Let $A, B$ be rings, let $M$ be a $A$-module, and $N$ a $B$-module. Let $\varphi: A\rightarrow B$ be a morphism of commutative rings, and use $\varphi$ to give $N$ the structure of an $A$-module.
I'm aware that there is a natural isomorphism
$$ M\;\;\cong\;\; M\otimes_{A} A $$
and that there is a certain ``associativity'' property that the tensor product satisfies:
$$ \big(X\otimes_{A} Y\big)\otimes_{A}  Z\;\;\cong\;\; X\otimes_{A}\big(Y\otimes_{A} Z\big) $$
The question is: Does the associativity property hold when tensoring with respect to different rings? That is, is
$$ \big(M\otimes_{A} N\big)\otimes_{B} B\;\;\cong\;\; M\otimes_{A}\big(N\otimes_{B} B\big)$$
true?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We are the manufacturing enterprise combined with raising industry in China. We specialized in designing and producing automatic poultry farm equipment. 20 Years' Equipment Producing Experience. Focusing on manufacturing, researching and developing automatic layer, broiler and pullet raising equipment and chicken cage manure removal system, GOLDENEGG provides customers with poultry farming solutions, including product research and development, project design, production, installation and service.
There is no overlap of every tiers of battery cage, chicken waste directly drops down to the ground, clean it by water or by manure removal scraper, In deep litter system you had to move all birds then clean. 2. Reduce feed wastage Normally farming workers add feed to feeding trough twice a day, workers could control feed amount. 3.
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Ventilation system fresh the chicken house efficiently also the manure removal system makes the manure easy to remove and recycle. Different materials of the chicken cage. Galvanized and PVC coated wire chicken cage, hexagonal wire, chain link chicken cage and welded wire chicken cage are provided.
H type chicken cage system. During the chicken out cage time, the manure removal belt can be used to transport the chickens ouf of chicken house as while.


text:
Call : 860 570 9888
Welcome to Persian Rug Gallery
From The Most Traditional To The Most Decorative.
Persian Rugs are an investment
We have moved. Please Come Visit us in our new location with all new inventory!
Persian Rug History
You are here: Home Persian Rug History Authentic Handmade Persian Rugs!
Care and Handling of your Rug
Persian Rug Gallery
Blue Back Square
66 Memorial Road
(Near Moe's Southwest Grill)
E: persianrugllc@aol.com
After hours appointments are available.
Interior designers are welcome
The art of carpet weaving existed in Iran in ancient times, according to evidence such as the 2500-year-old Pazyryk carpet, dating back to 500 B.C., during the Achaemenid period.The first documented evidence on the existence of Persian carpets came from Chinese texts dating back to the Sassanid period.
This art underwent many changes in various eras of the Iranian history to an extent that it passed an upward trend before the Islamic era until the Mongol invasion of Iran. After the invasion, the art began to grow again during the Timurid and Ilkhanid dynasties.
With the passage of time, the materials used in carpets, including wool, silk and cotton, will decay. Therefore archaeologists are rarely able to make any particularly useful discoveries during archaeological excavations. What has remained from early times as evidence of carpet-weaving is nothing more than a few pieces of worn-out carpets. Such fragments do not help very much in recognizing the carpet-weaving characteristics of pre-Seljuk period (13th and 14th centuries AD) in Persia.
Zoroasterian period
In a unique archaeological excavation in 1949, the exceptional Pazyryk carpet was discovered among the ices of Pazyryk Valley, in Altai Mountains in Siberia. The carpet was found in the grave of a Scythian prince. Radiocarbon testing indicated that the Pazyryk carpet was woven in the 5th century BC.This carpet is 283 by 200 cm (approximately 9.3 by 6.5 ft) and has 36 symmetrical knots per cm� (232 per inch�). The advanced weaving technique used in the Pazyryk carpet indicates a long history of evolution and experience in this art. Pazyryk carpet is considered as the oldest carpet in the world. Its central field is a deep red color and it has two wide borders, one depicting deer and the other Persian horseman.
However, it is believed that the carpet from Pazyryk is not likely a nomadic product, but a product of the Achaemenid period.
Historical records show that the Achaemenian court of Cyrus the Great at Pasargade was decked with magnificent carpets. This was over 2,500 years ago, while Persia was still in a weak alliance with Alexander the Great, who would later betray her. Alexander II of Macedonia is said to have been dazzled by the carpets in the tomb area of Cyrus the Great at Pasargade.
By the sixth century, Persian carpets of wool or silk were renowned in court circles throughout the region. The Bah�rest�n (spring) carpet of Khosrow I was made for the main audience hall of the Sasanians imperial Palace at Ctesiphon in Sasanian province of Khv�rvar�n (nowadays Iraq). It was 450 feet (140 m) long and 90 feet (27 m) wide and depicted a formal garden. In 7th century CE With occupation of the Sasanian capital, Tuspawn, the Baharestan carpet was taken by the Arabs, cut into small fragments and divided among the victorious soldiers as booty.
According to historians, the famous Taqdis throne was covered with 30 special carpets representing 30 days of a month and four other carpets representing the four seasons of a year.
Islamic period
In the 8th century A.D. Azarbaijan Province was among the largest centers of carpet and rough carpet (ziloo) weaving in Iran. The Province of Tabarestan, besides paying taxes, sent 600 carpets to the courts of caliphs in Baghdad every year. At that time, the main items exported from that region were carpets, and small carpets for saying prayers. Furthermore, the carpets of Khorassan, Sistan and Bukhara, because of their prominent designs and motifs were on high demands among purchasers.
During the reigns of the Seljuq and Ilkhanate dynasties, carpet weaving was still a booming business so much so that a mosque built by Ghazan Khan in Tabriz, northwestern Iran, was covered with superb Persian carpets. Sheep were specially bred to produce fine wool for weaving carpets. Carpet designs depicted by miniature paintings belonging to the Timurid era lend proof to the development of this industry at that time. There is also another miniature painting of that time available which depicts the process of carpet weaving.
During that era dyeing centers were set up next to carpet weaving looms. The industry began to thrive until the attack on Iran by the Mongol army.
The earliest surviving of the Persian carpets from this period is of a Safavid (1501�1736) carpet known as the Ardabil Carpet, currently in V&A Museum in London.[23] This most famous of Persian carpets has been the subject of endless copies ranging in size from small carpets to full scale carpets. There is an 'Ardabil' at 10 Downing Street and even Hitler had an 'Ardabil' in his office in Berlin.
The carpets are woven in 1539-40 according to the dated inscriptions. The foundation is of silk and the pile of wool with a knot density at 300-350 knots per square inch ( 470-540.000 knots per square metres). The size of the carpets are 34� feet by 17� feet ( 10,5 metres � 5,3 metres). Los Angeles County Museum of Art See also Victoria & Albert Museum.
There is much variety among classical Persian carpets of the 16th and 17th century. There are numerous sub-regions that contribute distinctive designs to Persian carpets of this period such as Tabriz and Lavar Kerman. Common motifs include scrolling vine networks, arabesques, palmettes, cloud bands, medallions, and overlapping geometric compartments rather than animals and humans. Figural designs are particularly popular in the Iranian market and are not nearly as common in carpets exported to the west.
Although carpet production is now mostly mechanized, traditional hand woven carpets are still widely found all around the world, and usually have higher prices than their machine woven counterparts due to them being an artistic presentation. Iran exported $517 million worth of hand woven carpets in 2002. Iran's carpet exports amounted to US$635 million in 2005, according to the figures from the state-owned Iran Carpet Company. Most are top-notch hand-woven products. In October 2007, National Iranian Carpet Center revealed that hand-woven carpets have ranked first in country's non-oil exports and hold the third position among overall exports. Nearly five million workers are engaged in the Iranian carpet industry, making it one of the biggest enterprises in the country.
In recent times Iranian carpets have come under fierce competition from other countries producing fakes of the original Iranian designs as well as genuine cheaper substitutes. Most of the problems facing this traditional art is due to absence of patenting and branding the products as well as reduced quality of raw materials in the local market and the consistent loss of original design patterns. The absence of modern R&D, is causing rapid decline in the size as well as market value of this art.
To give one example, the "Carpet of Wonder" in the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque in Muscat in the Sultanate of Oman measures 4343 square metres. Its construction required four years of labor by 600 workers, resulting in 12 million man hours of work.
We categorize the Persian rugs and carpets in three separate zone:
City Rugs
Rugs and carpets from cities usually have curvature and have flower patterns. The most famous city rugs are from:
Village Rugs
Rugs and carpets from villages or small towns some have both curvature and geometric patterns. The most famous towns and villages rugs are from:
FARAHAN
NAHAVAND
VARAMIN
YALAMEH
Rugs and carpets from different tribes of IRAN usually have geometric patterns. The most famous Tribes rugs are from:
KURD
SHAHSAVAN
© 2010-2011 All Rights Reserved Persian Rug Gallery
Site Developed by Deal4Meals.com, LLC; DBA Deals4Meals.com


Vivian suggests you buy the ham skin-on and bone-in because it will be more moist. And when you reheat it, keep your temperature around 325 degrees to avoid drying out the meat.
Make the vinaigrette: In a small saucepan, melt the butter. Add the red onion and 1/2 teaspoon salt. Cook until onions are soft and translucent. Throw in the ginger, nutmeg, and vinegar. Bring it up to a boil and add the syrup and honey. Reduce by half. Serve immediately or store it in the fridge for up to a week and heat before serving.
Prepare the ham: An hour before you're ready to roast your ham, bring it out of the fridge so it can come to room temperature. Position the rack in the lower third of your oven and preheat it to 300 degrees. Using a box cutter or a very sharp knife, cut slits in the ham's skin from left to right from the wide end of the ham to the knuckle end. The slits should be about an inch apart and roughly 1/2 inch deep into its fat. Rub the ham with the remaining 1/4 cup salt and 3 tablespoons black pepper, taking care to get down into the slits.
Roast the ham: Place the ham, skin side up, on a roasting pan and slide that into your oven. Roast uncovered for roughly 5 hours, or until an instant read thermometer or the probe on your oven reads 165 degrees. Bring the ham out of the oven and let it rest for 15 minutes before carving. The skin should be crispy and irresistible.
Serve slices of ham and skin drizzled with maple vinaigrette. Enjoy!


text:
Home › 3) Swiss Markets and News › 3.) Swissinfo Business and Economy › Banks risk becoming new fossil fuel villains in 2022
Banks risk becoming new fossil fuel villains in 2022
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Major banks, like UBS, are coming under increasing pressure to clean up their investments. Keystone / Ennio Leanza
As businesses were gearing up for the COP26 climate summit in Glasgow last year, one of Europe's larger banks released an update on how it planned to do its bit to combat global warming.
Switzerland's UBS group said it had become a founding member of the new Net Zero Banking Alliance, a UN-convened club of mostly western banks committed to decarbonising their portfolios. "We'll publish a comprehensive climate action plan later this year setting science-based targets, including intermediate milestones," UBS said.
This was in April. But there was no new action plan by the end of the year. The bank says it is now aiming for March.
One explanation for the delay is that the climate programme had to fit in with a broader strategic vision for UBS, which its newish chief executive, Ralph Hamers, is due to unveil in February.
But the lag also reflects a wider industry dilemma: the vast volume of work that banks are confronting as they grapple with net zero commitments that are set to make 2022 a year when financing fossil fuels grows more visible — and troublesome — than ever before.
Hazy definitions
"It's a huge task," says Jörg Eigendorf, head of communications and sustainability at Deutsche Bank. Membership of the Net Zero Banking Alliance requires it to calculate and model the carbon footprint of a loan portfolio worth billions of euros, which it will disclose by the end of 2022. "That will bring much greater transparency and scrutiny from regulators, politicians, investors and the general public," says Eigendorf.
You might not think this will matter much, considering the trend towards green financing. Renewables and other climate-friendly ventures received more bank-issued bonds and loans than the fossil fuel sector for the first time in 2021, and more backing is in the pipeline.
Deutsche Bank, JPMorgan Chase and HSBC are among more than a dozen banks whose annual green financing commitments now outstrip their 2020 support for fossil fuels, says Autonomous, a financial research firm.
Definitions of green financing can be generous, but the direction of greenward travel seems clear — except for one thing. Banks may be turning on the taps for green finance but they are far from closing them for fossil fuels.
Fossil fuel investments
The world's 60 largest private sector banks have put more than $3.8 trillion into the oil, gas and coal sectors since the 2015 Paris agreement, according to NGO research. And a lot has gone to oil and gas companies with big expansion plans.
With no sign of rapid change, banks face a double difficulty in exposing their fossil financing to more scrutiny — and charges of climate villainy — without showing how they might eventually wind it back.
In theory, the problem should be solved by a group like the Net Zero Banking Alliance, whose 98 members account for more than 40 per cent of global banking assets. They have to set out plans for zeroing out emissions. The trouble is the brutal maths.
Scientists have established it is much safer to limit global warming to 1.5°C. So human-made carbon emissions, much of which come from burning oil, gas and coal, should nearly halve by 2030 and fall to net zero by around 2050. Long story short: the world has to quickly wean itself off fossil fuels, that make up about 80 per cent of the energy mix, and ditch plans to dig up more.
Fanciful idea?
Banks have reduced backing for coal over time. But very few net zero alliance members have issued detailed plans showing how and when they might wind down support for oil and gas as well — the rules give them several years.
One exception is France's La Banque Postale. In October it said it would exit oil and gas industries completely by 2030, the same as its deadline for coal. Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase and other banks in the alliance that have begun to publish more detailed net zero plans have yet to follow its lead.
They may stand to lose more business than the French bank, but some analysts think loss of brown financing could be offset by green growth. Rising demand from a swelling green sector for loans and other banking services could be worth an extra net $2.3tn a year for decades, says Autonomous.
Privately, some bankers acknowledge the risk of sticking with companies determined to keep generating a lot of emissions, but little bank revenue, especially if rival lenders start staking out profitable green turf. Others say it is risky to be a first-mover in the absence of meaningful carbon pricing or other government policies to level the financing playing field.
And what's the point of listed banks exiting fossil fuels if private investors facing less scrutiny step in? Private equity firms are estimated to have invested more than $1 trillion in the energy industry since 2010, mostly in fossil fuels, which underlines where the net zero financing battle is heading next.
"Publicly traded banks are not the end of the problem," says Mike Hugman, director of climate finance at The Children's Investment Fund Foundation. Private equity investors should demand that all companies they back have meaningful climate action plans, he says.
Not long ago, this idea would have sounded fanciful. But times are changing fast. Just ask a bank.
Copyright: The Financial Times Limited 2022
About Swissinfo
SWI swissinfo.ch – the international service of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SBC). Since 1999, swissinfo.ch has fulfilled the federal government's mandate to distribute information about Switzerland internationally, supplementing the online offerings of the radio and television stations of the SBC. Today, the international service is directed above all at an international audience interested in Switzerland, as well as at Swiss citizens living abroad.
Why governments need to tackle the impact of trade on climate change
In 2021, global carbon pollution returned almost to 2019 levels, after a drop during the lockdowns of the pandemic year 2020. Copyright 2021 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved
The production and trade of goods is at the heart of the globalised market and has a significant environmental impact. Yet there was little discussion at COP26 on how to make it more sustainable, the former director of the World Trade Institute (WTI) tells SWI swissinfo.ch.
This content was published on January 14, 2022 – 09:00
January 14, 2022 – 09:00
Sara Ibrahim
Writes about the impact of new technologies on society: are we aware of the revolution in progress and its consequences? Hobby: free thinking. Habit: asking too many questions.
| Italian Department
The goods we
Switzerland outlines 15 Alpine hydro projects for the future
Authorities, environmental groups, and energy providers have named 15 major hydropower projects that could help Switzerland achieve energy security and a green transition over the coming decades. The projects were chosen for their energy efficiency potential as well as their minimal impact on biodiversity and the landscape, the groups wrote in a joint declaration on Monday. It was the third time that the "round-table" had met since August 2020.
Swiss banks implicated in trading cartel investigation
The European Commission has ended an investigation of five banks, including UBS and Credit Suisse, who colluded in a foreign exchange spot trading cartel.
How the bubble house movement took hold in Switzerland
Swiss architects were swept up in the movement to build bubble houses out of concrete and plastic in the 1960s. While the bubble movement burst decades ago, many of the original structures are still standing to this day.
How the pandemic has widened inequalities in Swiss watchmaking
Driven by strong Chinese demand, Swiss watchmaking is recovering after suffering one of its biggest economic shocks in 2020. But the crisis has further widened the gap between the few brands that take the lion's share of the profits and the rest of the industry.
Cleaning up Switzerland's toxic legacy
The widespread dioxin pollution uncovered in Lausanne has surprised many and raised concerns about the health consequences, clean-up costs and extent of the problem. The small Alpine nation may be well known for its stunning natural beauty, but thousands of sites contaminated with various other pollutants still need remediation.
Big Swiss companies obliged to report on climate risks from 2024
From 2024, large Swiss firms will be legally bound to report on their climate-related risks. The government has now published guidelines on which companies and which risks will be involved.
Risk of housing bubble in Switzerland persists
A report by the leading Swiss bank UBS has found an increased risk of a real estate bubble forming in Switzerland's housing market. The UBS Swiss real estate bubble index has risen from 1.78 to 1.90 points, in the second quarter of 2021, remaining in the 'risk zone', according to a report published on Tuesday.
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Permanent link to this article: https://snbchf.com/2022/01/banks-risk-new-fossil-fuel-villains-2022/


text:
Q: Pass Arraylist from fragment to its own Activity I have a fragments that builds a songs ArrayList, i want to pass that ArrayList to the framgment's activity . I know i can use interface, but not sure how i could do it
public class SongsListFragment extends Fragment
{

    public interface passArrayList {
            public void onArticleSelected(Uri articleUri);
            // from android guide i don't know what to do
    }

}

Here is what i have so far, please let me know why im getting NullPointer
on MainActivity
    @Override
    public void onFragmentSetSongs(ArrayList<Song> songs){
        songsArrayList = songs;
    }

    @Override
    public void onSongListItemClick(int position) {
        musicService.setSong(position);
        Song playSong = songsArrayList.get(position);
        txtCurrentSongTitle.setText(playSong.getTitle());
        txtCurrentSongTitle.requestFocus();
        musicService.playSong();

        btnPlayPause.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_action_pause));

        if (playbackPaused) {
            playbackPaused = false;
        }

        //setDownloaded();

    }

on Fragment
OnFragmentInteractionListener  songsCallBack;
OnFragmentInteractionListener  songsItemClick;

public interface OnFragmentInteractionListener {
    public void onFragmentSetSongs(ArrayList<Song> s);
    public void onSongListItemClick(int position);

}

@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
    super.onAttach(activity);

    // This makes sure that the container activity has implemented
    // the callback interface. If not, it throws an exception
    try {
        songsCallBack = (OnFragmentInteractionListener) getActivity();
        songsItemClick = (OnFragmentInteractionListener) getActivity();
    } catch (ClassCastException e) {
        throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()
                + " must implement OnHeadlineSelectedListener");
    }
}

@Override
public void onDetach() {
    super.onDetach();
    songsCallBack = null;
    songsItemClick=  null;
}

listView = (ListView) root.findViewById(R.id.listViewSongs);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                songsItemClick.onSongListItemClick(position);
            }
        });

on the method where i finish building the songArrayList, i did
songsCallBack.onFragmentSetSongs(songArrayList);

Error When i Click on ListView
at com..activities.MainActivity.onSongListItemClick(MainActivity.java:107)
            at com..fragments.SongsListFragment$1.onItemClick(SongsListFragment.java:194)
            at android.widget.AdapterView.performItemClick(AdapterView.java:308)
            at android.widget.AbsListView.performItemClick(AbsListView.java:1478)
            at android.widget.AbsListView$PerformClick.run(AbsListView.java:3480)

Error Position
 musicService.setSong(position);       //Main Activity (MainActivity.java:107)

 public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
            songsItemClick.onSongListItemClick(position);  < --  here
 }

A: Change name of your interface so that it begins from capital letter. Then in your activity add this line to declaration of your activity: public class FragmentActivity extends Activity implements PassArrayList, override interface method. And in fragment add following:
PassArrayList mCallback;

@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
    super.onAttach(activity);
    mCallback = (PassArrayList) getActivity();
}

@Override
public void onDetach() {
    super.onDetach();
    mCallback = null;
}

And somewhere in your code, when you want to pass your list of songs back to the activity call the method onArticleSelected() on your mCallback object and pass to this method your arraylist. Then this arraylist will come as an argument to the method onArticleSelected() in your activity and you could make with it anything that you like. But don't forget to nullify link to mCallback in onDetach() hook method to prevent context leak


text:
Creative Souls | Truthdig
Creative Souls | Truthdig African American artists have made powerful and enduring contributions to this development for many decades, yet their work still remains less visible than that of their white colleagues and contemporaries of comparable talent and achievement.
Take a Look at All This Black Genius the MacArthur Foundation Has Recognized | The Root
Paul Von Blum, Truthdig
Southern California has long been recognized as a world arts center. Universally known as the hub of the American film industry, the region has also been fertile ground for thousands of visual artists. These talented women and men have produced exemplary work in every medium, including painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking, cartoons and comics, photography, and several others. Their cumulative efforts have put the area on the global art map, increasingly making Los Angeles a serious focus of attention among artists, critics, scholars, and collectors.
African American artists have made powerful and enduring contributions to this development for many decades, yet their work still remains less visible than that of their white colleagues and contemporaries of comparable talent and achievement. While many key area black artists have passed on, several remain creatively active in the early 21st century, including some renowned figures in their 60s, 70s, and 80s. Their outstanding visual efforts, especially since the 1960s, have engaged and challenged thousands of people, especially in African American communities throughout the United States. They have stimulated audiences of all backgrounds to reflect critically about major themes of historical and social life. They have created a vibrant and powerful creative community in the Los Angeles area, using their works to call effective attention to issues of vital significance to millions of black people in American and around the world.
CLICK TO READ THE FULL ARTICLE | Truthdig
BET Founder Bob Johnson And AMC Networks To Rebrand UMC Streaming Service As ALLBLK Next Month | Black Enterprise
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY & CULTURE | WASHINGTON, DC
The National Museum of African American History and Culture is the only national museum devoted exclusively to the documentation of African American life, history, and culture. It was established by Act of Congress in 2003, following decades of efforts to promote and highlight the contributions of African Americans. To date, the Museum has collected more than 36,000 artifacts and nearly 100,000 individuals have become charter members. The Museum opened to the public on September 24, 2016, as the 19th and newest museum of the Smithsonian Institution. (Website).
KOLUMN Magazine Staff October 12, 2017


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