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Episode main pages, Season 9 episodes, Season 9,
Season 9 Episodes Without Denzel Crocker
Prod. Code: 136A
Wish: To have Mrs. Turner make something that Mr. Ed Leadly would enjoy eating.
Headgag: Toilet
Alec Schwimmer
Kevin Arrieta
Ray DeLaurentis
Will Schifrin
Sindy Spackman
Marcelo DeSouza
Gary Conrad
Dog Gone - Credits
Country Clubbed
Dog Gone is the 17th episode of Season 9 of The Fairly OddParents.
Mr. Turner refuses to sell Sparky to his boss, who makes his life miserable at work. So, Timmy and Sparky make up a plan.
It is nighttime at the Turner's House. Timmy and his mother are eating steak. Sparky is eating a burger with fries. Cosmo, Wanda, and Poof are in fish form. They are all in the kitchen. Outside the window, Mr. Turner appears upside down with a walkie talkie. Mr. Turner says that there is an emergency and it is code "lead". He gets in the kitchen and repeats that it is a code "lead". He flips over the table, his family, and the pets. Mr. Turner walks over to his family. His son and wife are sitting. Sparky is leaning over a tipped table. the fishbowl is next to the table. Mr. Turner explains that his boss, Mr. Ed Leadly, is coming over for dinner that night and he wants to impress him. Mrs. Turner asks why he did not tell her earlier. He says that he did. He says that he used the most reliable form of communication he know, Semaphore flags. He then takes out two flags that are similar to the ones that mean "O". He waves them around. Sparky turns his head. Mr. Turner explains that it is just like talking, except with flags and no words. The doorbell rings and Mr. Turner stops waving the flags around. Mr. Turner says that Mr. Ed Leadly is here and that some idiot ruined the food by flipping the table over. Timmy explains that it was Mr. Turner who flipped over the table. Mr. Turner says there is no time to point fingers. He says that he will distract Mr. Ed Leadly while Mrs. Turner makes a delicious five course meal. Mrs. Turner says, "Five course?" she then walks over to a book and says that she is glad that she has a cook book. She starts reading it. Timmy notices that it is a Car Manual. Timmy points that out. Mrs. Turner does not believe him and asks him to get some antifreeze for some antipasto. Mr. Turner opens the door and greets Mr. Ed Leadly. Mr. Turner shows Mr. Ed Leadly his trophy collection. Mr. Ed Leadly points out that they are all women's bowling trophies. He says that Mr. Turner is not a woman. Mr. Turner agrees and says that the person he bought them from was. Mrs. Turner says, "Time for Apa-tires" and rolls a tire into the living room. It hits Mr. Ed Leadly. He goes flying. Mr. Turner runs over to Mr. Ed Leadly. He is laying on the floor. His shoes and socks have been knocked off. Using the flags and his own words, Mr. Turner complements his wife's ability to knock Mr. Ed Leadly's socks off.
Later, Mr. Turner, Mr. Ed Leadly, Timmy, Sparky are around the dining room table (which has appeared in such episodes as Apartnership! and Timmy's 2-D House of Horror). Cosmo, Wanda, and Poof, still in fish form, are in their bowl, which is on the table. Mrs. Turner comes into the room with a covered dish. Mrs. Turner reveals the dish as, "Steak Tar-Tire". Mr. Ed Leadly looks surprised when the dish is revealed. Mrs. Turner says that there is more where that came from. She says that she took all of the tires off of the "fancy car" in there front yard. Mr. Ed Leadly says that that was his car. Mr. Ed Leadly says that he is trapped at the Turner House. He adds that it is like the beginning of a horror movie. Mr. Turner comes in with a ski mask on and holding a operating chainsaw. He says that bosses get the first piece. He starts to cut into the tires, but the chainsaw slips and makes a circle around Mr. Ed Leadly's hair. He falls into the basement. Timmy tells his fairies that he needs to help his father before it gets worse. Timmy wishes that his mother would serve something Mr. Ed Leadly would enjoy eating. They grant his wish and the tire pieces are replaced with a stack of steaks. Mr. Ed Leadly gets out from the basement and says that the food smells edible. He takes a steak, cuts into it, and eats it. All, but the fairies are eating steak. Mr. Ed Leadly says that that is the best steak he has ever had. He adds that it almost makes up for the pencils he landed on in the basement. Mr. Turner says that the pencils are not stolen from work. (The way he says it suggests that he is lying) Mr. Ed Leadly starts choking. Mr. Turner notices this and adds that Mr. Ed Leadly is also trying to says something. Mr. Turner offers Mr. Ed Leadly his flags. Mr. Ed Leadly takes them and starts to wave them around. Mr. Turner mistranslates his signals as there being a German U-boat under the table. Mr. Turner says, "Dive! Dive!". He and his wife then dive under the table. Sparky says that he will save Mr. Ed Leadly. Sparky then gives does the Heimlich Maneuver to Mr. Ed Leadly. Mr. and Mrs. Turner pop their heads out from under the table. Mr. Ed Leadly says that their dog saved him. He says that he will do the thing he does with everything that he likes, buy it. He offers $17,000,000 for Sparky. Mr. Turner says, "Sold!" He adds that for $17,000,000, he will add the trophies and the pencils in the basement. Timmy stops the deal from going any further. He then apologizes to Mr. Ed Leadly, saying that Sparky is not for sale. Timmy says that Sparky is his dog and that he loves him. Mr. Turner asks if Timmy could love $17,000,000. Timmy responds by saying, "No." He adds that his dad cannot sell Sparky. Mr. Turner apologizes to Mr. Ed Leadly, saying that if Sparky makes Timmy happy, he cannot sell Sparky. Mr. Turner then turns to Timmy and adds that Timmy does not seem to be too concerned with Mr. Turner's happiness. Mr. Turner then walks over to Mrs. Turner, crying. Mr. Ed Leadly says that Mr. Turner is going to regret his decision. He says that he always gets what he wants and that if he cannot have Sparky, he will ruin Mr. Turner's life. Mr. Ed Leadly leaves. Mr. Turner falls through the hole.
The scene changes to show the exterior of Pencil Nexus. The scene pans up to Mr. Ed Leadly's office. Inside, Mr. Turner walks to the desk from the elevator. He greets Mr. Ed Leadly. Mr. Turner says that he hopes that Mr. Ed Leadly is happy with not getting Sparky. Mr. Ed Leadly says that he is fine. He says that on an unrelated note, he has a super dangerous and painful job for Mr. Turner. Mr. Turner says thanks, but he is married. Mr. Ed Leadly says that he is not going to marry Mr. Turner. Mr. Ed Leadly says that Mr. Turner will be moved to the Pencil Testing Room, where he will test the durability of pencils and regret not giving Sparky to Mr. Ed Leadly.
The scene changes to show a crash test dummy holding a pencil in a room that has a metal background. The dummy moves to the right and Mr. Turner is shown holding a pencil. Mr. Turner gets shocked with laser. He moves to the right. It is revealed that he was on a conveyor belt. A piano falls on him. His arm comes out of the piano and the pencil is fine.
The scene changes to show Mr. Turner standing in front of a door. A herd of bulls comes out of the door and tramples Mr. Turner. Mr. Ed Leadly walks up to Mr. Turner and asks if he can have the dog. Mr. Turner says no. He adds that the pencils are very durable and that none of them broke. Mr. Ed Leadly says that he will have to turn up the heat. He adds that he thinks that it is ironic due to the fact that Mr. Turner is being sent to the Pencil Freezing Room.
The scene changes to show Mr. Turner hanging upside-down in the Pencil Freezing Room. There is also meat hanging and pencils sticking out of blocks of ice. A snow leopard walks up to Mr. Turner. Mr. Turner greets the snow leopard. Mr. Turner tells the snow leopard to pick the other meat. The snow leopard yells. The scene changes to show Mr. Ed Leadly outside of the room. the snow leopard and Mr. Turner are heard. Mr. Turner drags himself out. Mr. Ed Leadly asks if he can have Sparky. Mr. Turner says no. He says, "You can take my dignity, well the snow leopard did that, and you can take my spleen, well the snow leopard also did that, but you can't take my son's dog." He starts crying. Mr. Ed Leadly says that he will see Mr. Turner the next day at 8:00 AM. He walks into a room with a sealed off area that has giant pencils that have poles, horizontal through them. They are rotating. Mr. Ed Leadly tells Mr. Turner that he will be in the "Penci-Fuge". Mr. Turner asks if Mr. Ed Leadly built the Penci-Fuge to test pencils that are going into space. Mr Turner calls the pencils, "Space Pencils" and "Spencils". Mr. Ed Leadly says no. He says that he built it to abuse employees. He rhetorically asks, "Who sends pencils into space?" He adds that Mr. Turner is stupid.
The scene changes to show the exterior of the Turner House. Mr. Turner is then shown on the sofa. He is in a full-body cast. He is moaning. Timmy asks his dad if he knew that there was a snow leopard outside. He says that he did and that he rode the snow leopard home because he cannot feel his legs. Timmy asks if Mr. Ed Leadly did this to him because he wouldn't give up Sparky. Mr. Turner says yes. He says that it was worth it to keep Sparky. He says that there was lightning and bulls and the next day he becomes a space pencil. He begins to cry. He finishes his thought by saying, "or the Spencil, if you will." He slouches over Timmy shoulder.
The scene changes to show Timmy's room. Wanda and Poof are watching Cosmo and Sparky play Checkers on Timmy's bed. Timmy walks in and says that he feels terrible for his dad. He says that Mr. Ed Leadly is torturing his dad because he did not give up Sparky. Wanda says, "If only there was a way for you and Mr. Leadly to both have Sparky." Timmy says that there is. He says that they will pretend to give Sparky to Mr. Ed Leadly. He adds that Sparky can poof back to the Turner house when Mr. Ed Leadly is not around. Cosmo says that that is a coincidence because Cosmo poofs over to Mr. Ed Leadly's Mansion when Timmy is not around.
A flashback starts. Mr. Ed Leadly is shown in a hot tub. Cosmo poofs into the hot tub. He tells Mr. Ed Leadly to stop hogging the jets. Mr. Ed Leadly screams and he runs away, saying that the Hot Tub Ghost is back.
The scene returns to Timmy's room. Sparky says that sharing Sparky with Mr. Ed Leadly is a great idea. Cosmo says that he will like it at Mr. Ed Leadly's house. He says that he will have to bring his own swim suit because Mr. Ed Leadly does not like it when people use his hot tub naked.
Timmy and Sparky walk into the living room to see a nervous Mr. Turner biting his nails. Mr. Turner says that he is so nervous about going to work that he has run out of nails to bit. His hands are shown. His fingers look like pencils. He says that he started biting the pencils that he did not steal. Timmy says, "Dad, It's okay cause--" He is interrupted by Mr. Ed Leadly who slams open the front door. He says that he wants to take Mr. Turner to a big breakfast before he is put in the Penci-Fuge. Timmy says that that won't be necessary. He says that he has decided to give Sparky to Mr. Ed Leadly to stop Mr. Ed Leadly from being mean to his father. Mr. Turner says that he cannot allow Timmy to do that. He starts crying. He then leans over to Mr. Ed Leadly and gives him Sparky, saying, "Take the dog before the boy changes his mind." He is surprised that Mr. Turner is giving him Sparky. Mr. Ed Leadly adds that Mr. Turner is spineless and not just because he dropped a piano on him. Mr. Turner says, "There's no winning with you." Mr. Ed Leadly and Sparky leave the Turner House. Sparky and Timmy give each other a thumbs up. Mr. Turner thanks Timmy and says that he is a good son. He says that Timmy should close his eyes. He takes out the flags, waves them around, and says that he is telling Mr. Ed Leadly some "off-color" things.
The scene changes to show Timmy's room. It is nighttime. Timmy is reading a book. Timmy's alarm clock reads, "9:59". Timmy stops reading the book. He says that it is getting late. Mr. Ed Leadly should be going to bed which means that Sparky can return. Cosmo, Wanda, and Poof poof into the room. Cosmo says that if Mr. Ed Leadly is going to bed, then he will head to the hot tub wearing only a smile. He poofs away. However, his clothes remain. They float to the ground. Sparky poofs in. Wanda says that that was a good thing for Timmy and Sparky to help Mr. Turner. Timmy says that it was no big deal. He then says, "besides, what could possibly go wrong." Sparky says that he had an accident on Mr. Ed Leadly's lawn. He says that he drove his sports car into a tree. Mr. Ed Leadly blamed the hot tub ghost. Wanda says, "Anyway, because of what you two did, your father is going to sleep well tonight."
The scene changes to show Mr. Turner struggling in his sleep. Mr. Ed Leadly's voice is heard. He is saying, "You let me take your son's dog." and "You're Spineless." twice. Mr. Turner wakes up. Mr. Turner looks at his wife who is talking in her sleep. She says, "You're Spineless." Mr. Turner says that Mrs. Turner is doing impressions in her sleep again. He also says that he can't stop thinking about giving up Sparky. He says that he thinks it will pass. He then looks at the door and says that it is passing the door. The scene shows Sparky's hind paws passing the door. Mr. Turners looks out his door. Mr. Turner says that he smells "General Mao's Orange Chicken. He says that that is Sparky's favorite midnight snack. He asks, "What Kind of Voodoo is this?" He runs to the kitchen and then says, "Sparky." Mr. Turner is surprised to see Sparky cooking. Mr. Turner says that his guilty mind is playing tricks on him. Sparky stops cooking and walks by Mr. Turner, saying, "Yes. You're seeing things." He then goes to the table and puts the chicken in a Chinese restaurant take-out container. He says that he is going to take the chicken and go. He then corrects himself by saying, "...I'm not here." He floats up to Mr. Turner and says that Mr. Turner is crazy. Sparky poofs away. Mr. Turner heads over to the table and sits down. He says that he was crazy to give Sparky to Mr. Ed Leadly. He says that it is not right. He says that he to get him back. He adds that he will do it after he eats the chicken from his subconscious. He takes a fork and eats a piece of the chicken. The snow leopard's scream is heard. Mr. Turner holds onto the pan with the chicken in it. He tells the snow leopard to get his own orange chicken.
The scene changes to show Mr. Ed Leadly's Mansion. Mr. Turner is shown hiding under the bird bath. He says that he is going to sneak up to Mr. Ed Leadly's house and get Sparky back. He sneaks up to the front door. He presses a button to speak to someone inside. Mr. Turner takes out the flags and tells Mr. Ed Leadly that he is there to get Sparky back. Mr. Ed Leadly tells him to go inside. He adds that that way he can attack Mr. Turner legally. The scene shows the back of Mr. Ed Leadly on the top of a staircase. Mr. Turner opens the door and enters the mansion. Mr. Ed Leadly turns on a flashlight. Mr. Turner screams. Mr. Ed Leadly says that Mr. Turner is there to get Sparky back. He adds that he will have to get through his "lethal, but offbeat" security system. Mr. Turner starts to walk to the staircase. Mr. Ed Leadly flips a switch. Mr. Turner continues to walk. A piano falls. Mr. Turner misses it and continues to walk. Mr. Turner says, "Nice try, but because of your abuse at work, I was ready for that. Mr. Ed Leadly flips another switch. A laser hits Mr. Turner. He eats the laser. He starts to glow and says that he is also immune to lasers and can harness its powers. Mr. Ed Leadly flips another switch. A door opens and a herd of bulls starts to walk out. Mr. Turner uses his laser powers to turn the bulls into meat. Mr. Turner says, "You might as well eat that, Mr. Ed Leadly. I had General Mao's Orange Chicken and I am not hungry anymore." Mr. Turner says that he will use his laser powers to get Sparky back. He shoots a lasers. Mr. Ed Leadly ducks. Mr. Turner walks up the stairs. He tells Mr. Ed Leadly to give Sparky to Mr. Turner or he will turner Mr. Ed Leadly into a pot roast. He says that he would give back Sparky, but he does not know where he is. Cosmo is shown is the hot tub. He uses his cellphone to call Timmy. Timmy is shown playing checkers with Sparky in Timmy's room. Cosmo says that there is a big problem. He says that his big toe is stuck in one of the jets and is making a fart noise. He adds that Mr. Turner is shooting lighting bolts at Mr. Ed Leadly to get Sparky back. Timmy tells Sparky to go back to Mr. Ed Leadly's mansion. Sparky poofs away. Mr. Turner and Mr. Ed Leadly are shown. Mr. Turner apologizes for having to make Mr. Ed Leadly into a pot roast. Mr. Turner adds that Mr. Ed Leadly made Mr. Turner the monster he is. Sparky poofs into the mansion. Mr. Ed Leadly says Stop. He picks up Sparky and adds that Mr. Turner can have Sparky. Mr. Ed Leadly then throws Sparky. Mr. Turner catches Sparky. Mr. Ed Leadly says that Mr. Turner is the first person to stand up to Mr. Ed Leadly. He adds that Mr. Turner is not spineless. Mr. Ed Leadly walks away. Mr. Turner asks if he can keep his job. Mr. Ed Leadly says that Mr. Turner can because Mr. Ed Leadly is afraid to fire Mr. Turner. Mr. Ed Leadly leaves the room. Mr. Turner tells Sparky that they are going home. Sparky licks Mr. Turner. Mr. Turner says, "I love you too, Sparky." Sparky corrects Mr. Turner by saying that Mr. Turner just had some orange chicken on his cheek. Mr. Turner asks if Sparky just talked. Sparky says, "No." Mr. Turner is okay with this response.
The next day, the Turner house is shown. Timmy and Sparky are shown eating at the table. There is another plate that is not being eaten by anyone. Timmy says that it is good to have Sparky home and that everything is back to normal. Using his lightning powers, Mr. Turner floats in holding a newspaper. Mrs. Turner arrives with a covered platter. She puts it down and opens it. A prepared bird with feathers still on it is on the platter. Mrs. Turner says that she under-cooked Dinner. Mr. Turner uses his lightning powers on the bird and he overcooks it. He tells his family that they are going to the Cake 'N' Bacon. He whistles and the snow leopard appears. The Turners and Sparky hop on the leopard's back. Mr. Turner says, "Snowflake away!" Snowflake the Snow Leopard rides away.
Tara Strong as Timmy Turner / Poof
Susanne Blakeslee as Wanda / Mom
Daran Norris as Cosmo / Dad
Matthew W. Taylor as Sparky
Rob Paulsen as Mr. Ed Leadly
Previous Episode /// Dog Gone \\\ Next Episode
Retrieved from "https://fairlyoddparents.fandom.com/wiki/Dog_Gone?oldid=448956"


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Archive for horus heresy
DELIVERANCE LOST By Gav Thorpe – Reviewed
Posted in Reviews with tags 30K, 40k, action, book, books, brutal, death, download, empire, emporer, entertaining, exciting, fantasy, fiction, horror, horus, horus heresy, isstvan v, murder, novel, novels, pages, plot, primarchs, raven guard, read, reading, review, reviewed, reviewer, reviews, series, SF, space marines, story, thriller, universe, write, writer, writers, writing on March 19, 2019 by stanleyriiks
The legend of the Horus Heresy continues. In the 30th Century the Empire of Man is under threat from the vilest villain it had ever faced, not the orks or any other alien invaders, but from the Emperor's favourite son: Horus.
The remaining Raven Guard of the Isstvan V slaughter manage to escape the awful violence caused by the Space Marines traitor legions, and head back to Earth to heal their wounds and regroup.
This is the story of the troubles they face, the machinations of the traitor legions against them, and the internal politics and paranoia of an empire under siege.
To describe what happens in book 18 of this series any further would do it a disservice, as there are shocks and surprises throughout.
This is the Heresy in all its wonderful glory: epic scale, brilliant characters, brother fighting brother and you, the excited reader, torn as much as the characters are by the intricacy of this brutal war.
Gav Thorpe is does an outstanding job in his first Heresy book, this is exciting stuff, and a great insight into one of the less well-known but still very interesting Primarchs.
One of the best Heresy novels and definitely worth a read.
PROSPERO BURNS By Dan Abnett – Reviewed
Posted in Reviews, Uncategorized with tags a thousand sons, action, black library, book, book 15, books, characters, dan abnett, death, entertaining, epic, exciting, fantasy, fiction, horus heresy, novel, novels, plot, prospero burns, read, reading, review, reviewed, reviewer, reviews, series, SF, space wolves, story, thriller, write, writer, writers, writing on December 2, 2018 by stanleyriiks
Book 15 in the Horus Heresy series. If you're coming to this book having not read any of the previous books in the series then it might be a bit of a struggle, although much of the book can be read as an individual story, you'll miss out so much of the context that it might be confusing.
For those who have been following the series, this book is the other side of book 12 (A Thousand Sons), and follows directly on. The first forty pages or so is pretty confusing and doesn't really seem to relate to anything, but is essentially our introduction to Hawser, a historian, who has travelled to Fenris (the home of the mighty Space Wolves) and becomes their archivist. As such he is privy to secrets beyond the scope of mere humans, and is there at the trial of Magnus the Red. After Magnus tries to warn his father using the void that he has been told not to use, it is the Space Wolves who must travel to Prospero, the home of the Sons, and sanction them using every deadly measure available to them.
Despite an annoyingly opaque opening, this book really develops. It shows the intrigue and genius of the plotting of chaos against the Emperor and his space marines. It shows the struggles of brother being pitted against brother, and there is a whole heap of action as the space marines fight against their only true opponent: their brother space marines.
Abnett is one of the best writers working for the Black Library, and his Horus Heresy books are essential reading. The Heresy series sometimes seems to stretch the story a little too far, giving more context than substance in some of the novels, but here we are really at the heart of the story, but told in a slightly different way.
One of the better Horus Heresy books, Dan Abnett does it again.
THE FIRST HERETIC By Aaron Dembski-Bowden – Reviewed
Posted in Reviews, Uncategorized with tags aason dembski-bowden, action, book, books, brutal, characters, death, entertaining, epic, exciting, fiction, horror, horus heresy, lorgar, magazine, murder, nemesis, novel, novels, pirmarch, plot, primarch, read, reading, review, reviewed, series, SF, space marine legions, space marines, story, the first heretic, thriller, word bearers, write, writer, writers, writing on August 30, 2018 by stanleyriiks
Another instalment in the epic saga of the 30th century greatest tragedy, the Horus Heresy. In this volume we follow the tale of Lorgar and the Word Bearers, loyal warriors who were shamed many years before the Heresy by the Emperor, who castigates them as worshippers. What follows is a tale of treachery and chaos, as daemons falls upon the shamed legion, tricking them and manipulating them. The simple tale of father against son, of rebellion and treachery, are no simple matters. The battles of brother verses brother, writ large across the galaxy, start here…
The Heresy becomes more and more complex as we find out about the background events to lead up to the greatest tragedy the universe has ever witnessed.
It's nice to see such a powerful individual as a Primarch, the leader of the Space Marine legions, playing such a pivotal part in the story. This time-spanning novel feels a little disjointed, as the time periods cut this into three distinct (linked) sections.
This book, much more than the previous instalment, Nemesis, does feel like an essential part of the Heresy story, but it still feels like we are only moving forward slightly. It gives us a much greater insight into the chaos daemons, and their manipulative nature, but only hints at their scariness.
This brings us a bit closer to the date of the Isstvan V battle, and gives a great battle scene with Primarch against Primarch. But for some reason it still left me wanting more.
NEMESIS By James Swallow – Reviewed
Posted in Reviews, Uncategorized with tags 40k, 40k universe, action, assassin, assassins, book, books, brutal, characters, dan simmons, death, download, emporer, exciting, fantasy, fiction, horror, horror novel, horus, horus heresy, hyperion cantos, james swallow, killer, morpheus tales, murder, nemesis, nemesis by james swallow, novel, novels, pages, plot, primarch, read, reading, review, reviewed, reviewer, series, SF, space marine, space marines, the black library, thriller, write, writer, writers, writing on January 31, 2018 by stanleyriiks
A band of assassins is put together, the very best of the best, and sent to kill the arch-traitor Horus. The leader of the rebellion against the almighty emperor…
The first half of the book is taken up with the collection of the varied and talented assassins, giving us an insight into their personalities and how they work. Unfortunately there are a few too many of them and there is little characterisation, apart from their physical bearings, to separate them easily.
The second half of the book quickly ramps up the pace and sees our anti-heroes on a world struggling with the Horus Heresy (the split of the human empire), the governors siding with the rebellious Primarch Horus and the people of the world imperials to the core, fighting their corner despite heavy losses. The assassins decide to help out the imperial guerrillas.
Meanwhile a savage killer is making its way across the universe, heading for its own ultimate goal…
What happens when a band of assassins intent on killing the enemy of the Imperium clash with the universe's most expert murderer…
And we have the Nemesis of the title.
It takes a little while to get into the book, but the second half more than makes up for it. Brilliantly gory and intelligent – although not necessarily an important part of the Heresy story – it is interesting to see how things progress from the Imperial perspective outside of the Space Marines.
The later parts of the book reminded me slightly of Dan Simmons' Hyperion Cantos.
A new view of the Heresy, and some interesting new characters and viewpoints of this pivotal moment in Imperial history. A great jumping on point for this epic series.
A THOUSAND SONS By Graham McNeill – Reviewed
Posted in Reviews, Uncategorized with tags 40k universe, a thousand sons, action, astartes, black library, book, books, brother verses brother, brutal, characters, conflict, death, deep back story, destiny, download, entertaining, epic, epic battle, excitement, exciting, fantasy, fiction, graham mcneill, horror, horror novel, horus heresy, judget at kiaea, kikaea, legion, magazine, magnus the red, morpheus tales, novel, novels, pages, pivotal moment, plot, primarch, read, reading, review, reviewed, reviewer, reviews, series, SF, sorcery, space marines, story, the horus heresy, the thousand sons, thriller, true conflict, warp, well created characters, write, writer, writers, writing on November 10, 2017 by stanleyriiks
The Horus Heresy is about to begin. The traitor hasn't yet shown his true colours.
The Thousand Sons are the most advanced warriors when it comes to using the Great Ocean, what will come to be known as the Warp. Magnus the Red, their fearless one-eyed leader, is desperate to warn the Emperor of the impending chaos that is coming when he learns of it through his powers.
But others are plotting to put a stop to the Thousand Sons and their use of the knowledge of the warp, calling it sorcery.
There will be a judgement on the planet of Nikaea that will have repercussions across the universe.
While it's always good to see the stories of the people and the warriors of the massively epic Heresy, this is part of it that truly resonates across the galaxy. The Thousand Sons will become chaos-infested monsters in the future of the 40K universe, but here they are fiercely loyal warriors of the Emperor.
Their destiny is to be corrupted and this is the first step towards their destruction.
The judgement at Nikaea is a pivotal moment in the conflict that is yet to come.
This book has all the action and excitement we've come to expect from the 40K universe, and the Black Library. But, it also has well crafted characters, a deep back story, true conflict, and, what is normally lacking in SF novels, a heart.
McNeill has managed to create a quietly astounding novel in the Horus Heresy series. Ok, so it appears to have been cut in half and we have to wait for the other book to fully see the destruction of an entire Astartes legion, but this is still brother verses brother in an epic battle for the universe.
Great stuff from McNeill again, the Horus Heresy doesn't get much better than this.
Morpheus Tales Supplement Out Now!
Posted in Morpheus Tales Magazine, Reviews, Uncategorized with tags 40k, action, andy remic, author interview, book, book review, books, brutal, characters, Clive Barker, crime, dan abnett, dan abnett interviewm nik vincent, death, download, entertaining, epic, exciting, fantasy, fiction, film review, free, free magazine, games workshop, hero, horror, horror novel, horus heresy, interview, magazine, money, morpheus, morpheus tales, murder, Nik Vincent, non-fiction, novel, novels, plot, read, reading, review, reviewed, reviewer, reviews, series, SF, Stephen King, story, supplement, the black library, thriller, write, writer, writers, writing on August 4, 2014 by stanleyriiks
The latest issue of the FREE Morpheus Tales Supplement is out now! It's got an exclusive interview with Dan Abnett (Horus Heresy and 40K Legend!) and Nik Vincent, loads of articles and columns from the usual crew (marvellous!), and a load of book and film reviews including some from me (which are fabulous, obviously!).
HUNT FOR VOLDORIUS By Andy Hoare – Reviewed
Posted in Uncategorized with tags 40k, action, action-led, Alpha Legion, andy hoare, andy remic, battle, black library, book, books, brutal, bucketloads, cardboard characters, chaos, chaos space marines, character development, characters, dan abnett, david gunn, death, decent plot, download, entertaining, epic, exciting, fantasy, fiction, Fighting, games workshop, good, heavily, horror, horror novel, horus heresy, hunt for voldorius, Kor'sarro Khan, magazine, majority, morpheus tales, novel, novels, pages, plenty of action, plot, premise, read, reading, rebels, recommendation, review, reviewed, reviewer, reviews, series, SF, space marine, space marines, story, supplement, thriller, write, writer, writers, writing on January 24, 2014 by stanleyriiks
This is one of the Space Marine's battle novels, so you pretty much know what you can expect. Plenty of action, and you get that, in bucketloads. What the book fails to deliver is character-development and a decent plot.
Voldorius is a chaos space marine, leader of the infamous traitors the Alpha Legion, and sworn nemesis of Kor'sarro Khan of the White Scars Space marines. Basically, Kor'sarro hunts Voldorius and his legion to the enslaved planet of Quintus and attacks with the help of the mysterious Raven Guard Space Marines.
Ok, so not much story, cardboard characters, but plenty of action, loads of fighting and some nice touches, including the rebels, the hints of Voldorius' power and the tension between the two space marine outfits.
The problem with the book lies within the limited premise of the series. What we want when picking up a battle novel is a lot of action. But action cannot be maintained throughout an entire novel, the reader would just become numb. The majority of 40K universe books are heavily action-led, but (the Horus Heresy novels at least) have a well-crafted plot behind the action and noticeable character development.
This book isn't a failure, it's entertaining enough for me not to write off the entire series, but Hoare needs to look at Dan Abnett, David Gunn and Andy Remic to see how truly brilliant action-heavy novels can contain good characterisation and plotting.
Good, but not quite good enough for a recommendation. Does what it says on the tin, but I was expecting a bit more.
LEGION By Dan Abnett – Reviewed
Posted in Reviews, Uncategorized with tags 000, 40, 40k, abnett, action, adventure, book, books, brutal, characters, dan abnett, death, eisenhorn, emperor, empire, entertaining, epic, excellent, exciting, fantasy, fiction, free, gamesworkshop, good stuff, hets, horror, horror novel, horus, horus heresy, horus heresy series, horus rising, impatient, imperial army, instalment, legion, magazine, main characters, morpheus tales, novel, novels, padding, pages, plot, primarchs, read, reading, review, reviewed, reviewer, reviews, series, SF, soldiers, story, the black library, thriller, trilogy, universe, write, writer, writers, writing on August 30, 2013 by stanleyriiks
The action writer who started off the Horus Heresy series returns to familiar ground in this, another novel of the expansion of the Heresy "Universe". While the first three novels is the series set up the Heresy, this and the previous novel in the series (Descent of Angels) set up/explore other parts of the unsuspecting human empire in which the terror of the Heresy will take place.
In this novel, for the first time we are focussed on the Imperial Army rather than the Space Marine Astartes. Soneka and Bronzi are het (kinds of sergeants) in the Imperial war effort on Nurth, a lost planet, one previously colonised by Terra, but lost over time. The army has invaded and fights against the resistance to get the world of Nurth to comply. Matters are complicated by a spy called Konig Heniker, but is he a double agent? And what are the mysterious Alpha Legion keeping secret, apart from their presence? And who are this strange Cabal that is pulling the strings in private?
This is an intriguing novel, more double-crossing, spies and secrets, than action and violence. Of course, there is some action and violence, but a bit more rather than the politics and intrigue might have been nice.
I understand why Gamesworkshop and The Black Library are expanding this incredibly successful series into an entire universe of books, but I would like them to focus more on the pivotal characters within the Heresy Horus: the Emperor and the Primarchs.
This is another instalment that feels a little like padding.
There's plenty of story still to take place from the main characters in the Heresy, the central protagonists, so why are we getting a story like this? Are these characters going to be playing a part in the conspiracy at a later stage? If they are then fine, but can't it be as part of a shorter series, like a trilogy of books, like the first three books in the Heresy series.
I can't help but think the story is being expanded to fill the wallets of Gamesworkshop rather than to tell the story that needs to be told, the story of the actual Heresy.
Am I being impatient? I am over-reacting?
Possibly. This is good stuff from Abnett, who is always good value. It's not his best work, Horus Rising or the Eisenhorn novels are excellent, with tons more action, adventure and excitement.
I hope that this novel of secrecy and intrigue is an integral part of the tale of the Heresy, otherwise I'm going to feel a little bit cheated.
DESCENT OF ANGELS By Mitchel Scanlon – Reviewed
Posted in Reviews with tags 40k, 40k universe, action, beasts, betrayal, black library, book, books, brilliantly, caliban, characters, colony, dan abnett, dark angels, desent of angels, earth, empire, entertaining, epic, exciting, fantasy, fauna, feudal, feudal world, fiction, flora, flora and fauna, friendship, gaming, horror, horror novel, horus, horus heresy, horus heresy sequence, hundreds of years, imperial fleet, inventive, knights, legion, lion el'jonson, mitchel scanlon, morpheus tales, novel, novels, pages, plot, quests, read, reading, review, reviewed, reviewer, reviews, sequence, series, SF, story, supplement, terra, thriller, treachery, triology, universe, universe book, warhammer, well portrayed, world, write, writer, writers, writing on March 13, 2013 by stanleyriiks
This is not your normal Horus Heresy novel. It doesn't read like a Horus Heresy novel at all, and by the end I was wondering how this fitted into the massive tale of betrayal and treachery. Having read all the other books in the series so far this came as a bit of a shock. I realise that since the original trilogy many of the books have told related but connected only marginally tales of the Heresy.
This book tells the tale of Caliban, a feudal-like world, and former Terra colony that has been out of touch with Earth for hundreds of years.
This feudal land is a dangerous place of deadly flora and fauna, and the knights of the orders that run the world have had enough and set out to rid the world of the beasts. Lion El'Jonson, a strange and mighty warrior, mysteriously found deep in the jungles of Caliban, takes charge of the largest order and sets his sights on removing the danger of the beasts.
Then the Imperial fleet arrives, after almost two hundred pages and the world of Caliban is gradually reconverted to the Empire, whether they like it or not.
This is a tale of friendship and brotherhood, and is a riveting. It shows a different side of the Empire we are familiar with. For the most part this doesn't feel like an 40K universe book at all. The feudal world of Caliban is remarkably well portrayed, and two young trainee-knights are our protagonists, and we follow them as they struggled with becoming knights, and becoming men. It's a quite fascinating tale, a fantasy that actually slides perfectly into the 40K universe. Brilliantly inventive for the series, but does it actually fit into the Horus Heresy sequence? And the next book in the series, Legion by Dan Abnett, doesn't follow on the story of the Dark Angels either… It's a perfectly good book, exciting, adventurous, cleverly plotted and inventive, and as a stand-alone novel is works well within the 40K universe and offers something different. My problems rests entirely on it's fit into the Horus Heresy. Otherwise its one of the best 40K novels.
FILGRIM By Graham McNeill – Reviewed
Posted in Reviews, Uncategorized with tags 000, 40, 40k, action, action sf, black library, book, books, brother, brutal, choas, death, emporer, fantasy, fiction, filgrim, first book, graham mcneill, horror, horus, horus heresy, hurt, imperium, instalment, isstvan iii, massive story, murderous, novel, pain, plot, read, reading, review, reviewed, reviewer, reviews, saul tarvitz, second book, series, SF, shocking, slaughter, spare marine, Stephen King, story, thriller, universe, writer, writing on November 23, 2011 by stanleyriiks
The next instalment of the Horus Heresy shows us the other side of the massive conspiracy, which will see the Imperium at war, brutal treachery and betrayal, and the birth of chaos.
Up until now we have seen bare glimpses of chaos, but only hints at the power and control it will eventually have. We have seen brother fighting brother, massive and brutal betrayal. Now, with Fulgrim, we get to see more of the other side. The chaos side of what will be an epic battle. Fulgrim picks up a weapon from an alien planet after a massive battle to subdue it, a sword imbued with evil. But the changes are subtle and gradual, and we also get to see Saul Tarvitz and the lead up to the massive slaughter on Isstvan III. But this is the gradual unfolding of chaos as it slowly and cleverly ecks its way into the cracks, finding a home for itself in the egos of those weak or easily manipulated. It isn't until the final hundred pages that we see the true power of chaos to corrupt in a massive orgy of violence, and then we have another massive battle as the forces of the Emperor realise they have been betrayed.
Despite a slow start the end of this book is huge, brutal and devastating. It's utterly shocking, just like the first book in the series, the hurt and pain as brother fights brother is palpable.
McNeill's second book in the series provides another great instalment. The Black Library is doing very well with this series. Such a massive story to tell, a grand job is being done of telling it. Brutal, murderous, worth buying for the final one hundred pages alone.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
'I'm getting shot': Police officer fires pepper bullets at reporter live on air
Brooke Rolfe
30 May 2020, 10:27 pm ·6-min read
Harrowing footage has captured the moment riot police shot pepper bullets at a TV reporter live on air, with her distressing cries sparking panic in the voices of her newsroom correspondents.
Journalist Kaitlin Rust was reporting for WAVE 3 News in Louisville, Kentucky, on Friday evening (local time) when suddenly she began screaming and yelled out, "I'm getting shot", to her colleagues.
Live footage appears to show a police officer walking directly towards the camera crew and pointing his gun in their direction before firing several more rounds.
"Katie, are you OK?" a panicked female anchor was heard saying before Rust assured them she was not seriously injured.
"Rubber bullets, rubber bullets, it's okay," she said, adding: "It's those pepper bullets."
The officer was shown pointing his gun directly at the crew after firing shots at Kaitlin Rust. Source: Wave 3 News
More shots continued to be fired at the crew who held their ground briefly before retreating.
A shaken Rust said the officer was shooting "directly at us" and was not sure why.
"They're telling us to move now, I guess further away," she said, explaining the crew had already positioned themselves behind a certain line they believed was acceptable.
"We were behind their line, but it was a little too close for comfort."
The news crew were covering protests over the police killing of 26-year-old African-American emergency room technician Breonna Taylor, who police shot at least eight times, The New York Times reported.
Rust assured her colleagues she was okay, but had been following police direction before being shot at. Source: Wave 3 News
Officers had been issued a "no knock" warrant to investigate two men they believed were selling drugs in an apartment near hers and entered her home on suspicion a package had been delivered there.
This wasn't the first time the riots over police brutality towards black citizens has caused injury, with a freelance writer being shot in the eye in Minneapolis, where people are protesting over the death of George Floyd.
Linda Tirado said she was left completely blind in one eye after being struck with a rubber bullet that "exploded" her eyeball.
"My vision is gone, no matter what it winds up looking like scar wise," she wrote in one of several tweets about the incident.
Police also arrested a CNN reporter covering riots in Minneapolis live on air after the crew allegedly failed to follow their direction to move. They have all since been released.
Governors in several US states have called in National Guard troops as protests over police killings of black men intensifies.
Similar scenes of unrest unfolded across several cities on Saturday from New York to Tulsa to Los Angeles, where police fired rubber bullets to scatter crowds and at least one police car burned.
Rowdy protests continue across the United States
The protests – which began in Minneapolis following Monday's death of George Floyd during an arrest – have left parts of that city a grid of broken windows, burned-out buildings and ransacked stores.
US IN CHAOS: Fiery protests continue into fourth night over George Floyd's death
Shocking scenes from the US as furious protests erupt after man's death
Man who filmed joggers brutal death is charged
In Washington DC, US President Donald Trump sent tweets ridiculing protesters outside the White House who were among thousands nationwide incited by the death of Mr Floyd, who died after a policeman pressed his knee onto his neck for more than eight minutes.
The demonstrations have spread across the nation, with protesters decrying years of deaths at police hands.
In Tulsa, Oklahoma's Greenwood District, the site of a 1921 massacre of black people that left some 300 dead, protesters blocked intersections and chanted the name of Terence Crutcher, a black man killed by a police officer in 2016.
Protestors kneel during a rally in Florida over the death of George Floyd. Source: Getty Images
Other peaceful protests were being held in California, Delaware, Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and South Carolina.
In Tulsa and Wilmington, Delaware, demonstrators made their way onto nearby interstates and shut them down temporarily.
In Tallahassee, Florida, a pick-,up truck drove through a crowd of protesters, sending some running and screaming as the vehicle stopped and started and at one point had a person on its hood, police said. No serious injuries were reported.
In Columbia, South Carolina, a television reporter for WIS-TV was injured by rocks thrown amid protests outside the Columbia Police Department.
Several hundred people participated in the demonstration, tearing down the American and state flags in front of the police department's headquarters. They also swarmed a Columbia police car, breaking its windows, The State reported.
Demonstrators protest the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis. Source: Getty Images
In Los Angeles protesters chanted, "Black Lives Matter", some close to the face shields of officers.
Police used batons to move protesters back and shot rubber bullets to scatter the crowd. One man used a skateboard to attempt to break the windshield of a police SUV. A spray-painted police car burned in the streets.
Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti imposed an overnight curfew in a bid to reduce looting, property damage and violence.
Minnesota Governor Tim Walz fully mobilised the state's National Guard and promised a massive show of force to help quell unrest that has grown increasingly destructive.
"The situation in Minneapolis is no longer in any way about the murder of George Floyd," Mr Walz said. "It is about attacking civil society, instilling fear and disrupting our great cities."
Minneapolis on Saturday where thousands took over the roads in protest. Source: Getty Images
The Pentagon has ordered the US army to put military police units on alert to head to the city on short notice, at Mr Trump's request, insiders said.
The rare step came as the violence spread to other cities, with a man shot dead in Detroit, police cars attacked in Atlanta and skirmishes with officers in New York City.
Criminal charges were filed on Friday against the white police officer who held his knee on the neck of Mr Floyd. However, this has done nothing to stem the widespread anger.
Derek Chauvin, 44, has been charged with third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter.
With Associated Press
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Azerbaijan's Republic Day in Los Angeles
A virtual event dedicated to Azerbaijan's Republic Day was hosted in Los Angeles by Azerbaijan's Consulate General on May 26, 2021. Premiered on social media platforms, the event highlighted congratulatory video messages by elected officials from California and other U.S. States, as well as prominent faith and community leaders. Opening the event, Azerbaijan's Consul General and Dean of Los Angeles Consular Corps, Nasimi Aghayev, talked about the history and achievements of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR).
Consul General Aghayev underlined the historical importance of ADR as the first secular democracy in the Muslim world, which also became the first majority-Muslim nation granting voting and election rights to women. He further noted that since restoring its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has become one of the world's fastest developing and modernizing countries. Consul General Aghayev stressed Azerbaijan's readiness for regional peace, noting that important steps are being undertaken to make the sustainable peace a reality.
In their congratulatory video messages sent to the Consulate General, California Senator Josh Newman, Arizona Senator J.D. Mesnard, Utah Senator Gene Davis, Washington Senate President (2015-2017) and Pierce County Councilmember Pam Roach, Irvine City Mayor Farrah Khan, San Diego City Council President Pro Tem Stephen Whitburn congratulated the people of Azerbaijan on the 103rd anniversary of Azerbaijan's first republic. They also highlighted Azerbaijan's rapid development, the strong friendship and partnership between Azerbaijan and the U.S., and Azerbaijan's growing ties with California and other Western U.S. states.
The CEO of the American Jewish Committee, one of the largest Jewish organizations in the U.S. and the world, David Harris; the Associate Dean of the Los Angeles-based, 400,000-member Simon Wiesenthal Center, Rabbi Abraham Cooper; Chief Rabbi of Sinai Temple, one of the most influential synagogues in the U.S., Rabbi David Wolpe; the President of Iranian American Jewish Federation, the largest Iranian Jewish organization in the world, Susan Azizzadeh; one of the most renowned leaders of Asian American community, the President of FACE, Hyepin Im; President of the Congress of Christian Leaders, Rev. Johnnie Moore; Co-Founder of Jewish Republican Alliance, Mitch Silberman; Member of California Baha'i Council, Randolph Dobbs; Chairman of the Council of Pakistan, Adnan Khan; former President of the Assembly of Turkish American Associations, Ergün Kırlıkovalı; President of the California Azerbaijan Friendship Association, Kimiya Mammadova; Director of Baku International Multiculturalism Center – U.S., Dr. Jannah Scott; President of San Diego-Baku Friendship Association, Martin Kruming; and Chairwoman of Monterey-Lankaran Friendship Association, Nancy Selfridge, congratulated, in their video messages sent to the Consulate General, the people of Azerbaijan on the occasion of the Republic Day.
Commending Azerbaijan's ancient traditions of multiculturalism and interfaith and interethnic harmony, they underlined that the people of different ethnic and religious backgrounds have been living together in peace and dignity in Azerbaijan, and that in this regard Azerbaijan can inspire many other nations in the region and beyond. The celebration also included the Bayati Shiraz Mugham piece, as well as music and dances of Azerbaijan's different ethnic groups performed at the "Khari Bulbul" Festival recently held in Shusha, the Cultural Capital of Azerbaijan. Moreover, the performance of Azerbaijani composer Polad Bulbuloglu's "Aman-aman ayrılıq" song by California-based Azerbaijani Kamancha master Imamyar Hasanov was presented.
Consulate General of Azerbaijan in Los Angeles
Celebrating the Republic Day of Azerbaijan in Los Angeles – YouTube
Azerbaijan in California
Azerbaijanis in California


Decorating our homes for Christmas is one of our favorite pastimes. This year, we wanted to DIY some holiday accents to save some money while spending quality time with our friends!
1. Choose a silhouette or outline of a deer (or any of your favorite holiday symbols!) and print on a sheet of cardstock. Cut out the deer silhouette.
2. Trace the deer silhouette on the backside of the glitter scrapbook paper. Then, cut out the deer silhouette on the scrapbook paper.
3. Place dots of glue on the back of the deer silhouette and glue down to canvas.
1. Remove tops of the ornaments. Spray two sprays of spray paint directly into the bulb and swirl around, covering the entire inside of the bulb.
2. Add two to three drops of watered down gold craft paint into the bulb and spray a squirt of water into the bulb.
3. Aim the blow dryer into the bulb, while swirling the paint/water around, until paint is completely dry. Dump out any excess water.


Demountable partition walls are favourable within offices due to the fact that they can be taken down and re-erected providing that the ceiling height does not vary too much. They can also be used where fire rated partitions are required.
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Focus supply and are installation specialists of demountable partitioning, we are approved installers for Komfort Partitioning Ltd.
Typical systems installed by us are Komfort's 'Kameo' &'Polar' systems other systems include SAS 3000 and Tenon.
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Using glazed partitions creates a modern, spacious office design that maximises natural light, however when privacy is needed there is an option of integral window blinds.
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Focus supply and install 'Komfire' fire rated partitions and fire rated doors. 'Komfire' is a non-load bearing re locatable partitioning system for internal use. The system is based on framework of steel studs and tracks combined with pre-manufactured aluminium door and glazing frames and external aluminium trim sections.
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With the increasing use of fully glazed partitions in offices, manifestation, applied to glass in the form of film, offers many benefits. Apart from Health and Safety considerations, manifestation can be used for decorative and aesthetic purposes, for enhancing privacy and for emphasising corporate identity.
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We offer a wide selection of materials, finishes and fabrics in a range of sizes therefore providing an extensive range of office window blinds.


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Department of Linguistics
Joan Bybee
University of New Mexico | UNM · Department of Linguistics
201720182019202020212022202302004006008001,000
Diachronic phonological typology: understanding inventory structure through sound change dynamics
Shelece Easterday
We advocate for a diachronic typological approach to phonology, arguing that explanation for phonological structure must appeal to dynamic processes. We outline basic assumptions and explanatory mechanisms of this framework and demonstrate its utility by applying it to aspects of consonant phoneme inventory structure. Examining sound change paths t...
Primal consonants and the evolution of consonant inventories
Lindblom and Maddieson (1988) observe that "basic" consonants occur in all consonant inventories, but that larger inventories additionally include "elaborated" consonants, which depart from neutral phonation modes, places, and manners of articulation. The hypothesis that larger inventories arise from the smaller ones via sound change is tested here...
Vowel reduction: A usage-based perspective
Vsevolod M Kapatsinski
From a usage-based perspective, reduction results from automatization of stored gesture sequences corresponding to words and phrases, which accompanies reuse. In this paper, we discuss the mechanisms of and constraints on automatization, and examine its consequences for vocalic gestures in prosodically weak positions in a typologically and genetica...
Vowel duration in English adjectives in attributive and predicative constructions
Ricardo Napoleão de Souza
Using ten English adjectives, this study tests the hypothesis that the vowels in adjectives in predicative constructions are longer than those in attributive constructions in spoken conversation. The analyses considered a number of factors: occurrence before a pause, lexical adjective, vowel identity, probability given surrounding words, and others...
Consonant strengthening: A crosslinguistic survey and articulatory proposal
Given the common intuition that consonant lenition occurs more often than fortition, we formulate this as a hypothesis, defining these sound change types in terms of decrease or increase in oral constriction. We then test the hypothesis on allophonic processes in a diverse sample of 81 languages. With the hypothesis confirmed, we examine the input...
Common paths of grammaticalization
Analogical change
Grammatical and lexical factors in sound change: A usage-based approach
The question of whether or not grammatical factors can condition or block sound change has been discussed from many perspectives for more than a century without resolution (Melchert, 1975). Here we consider studies of sound change in progress which show that words or phrases that are used frequently in the phonetic environment for change undergo th...
2.12 Special reduction
Richard J File-Muriel
Special reduction: a usage-based approach
'Special reduction' refers to instances of extreme phonetic reduction which is restricted to particular words or phrases, usually grammaticalizing constructions (going to > [gə̃ɾ̃ə̃]), greetings (hi from how are you), discourse markers (Spanish o sea > sa), or other sequences that are often used together. On the basis of data from English, Brazilia...
Emergence at the Cross‐Linguistic Level
Clay Beckner
Recent research on language change in a broad cross-linguistic perspective shows that patterns of change are very similar even in languages that are unrelated both genetically and areally. This chapter analyzes closely two types of paths of change: those evident in sound change, and those resulting in grammaticalization. It draws several parallels...
Language use, cognitive processes and linguistic change
Usage-based Theory and Exemplar Representations of Constructions
This chapter outlines a view of Construction Grammar in which the mental grammar of speakers is shaped by the repeated exposure to specific utterances, and in which domain-general cognitive processes such as categorization and cross-modal association play a crucial role in the entrenchment of constructions. Under this view, all linguistic knowledge...
Domain‐general processes as the basis for grammar
The article demonstrates many aspects of grammar that can be derived from domain-general cognitive processes, especially those of neuromotor automation, chunking, categorization, inference-making, and cross-modal association. Construction grammar posits a direct connection between the conventionalized constructions of a language and their meanings....
Diachronic Linguistics
Traditionally, the study of language change has been divided into the areas of sound change, analogy, morphosyntactic change, and semantic change. Diachrony provides evidence for the interrelation of lexicon and grammar as well as evidence for the nature of the cognitive representation of phonological and grammatical form. In particular, it points...
How plausible is the hypothesis that population size and dispersal are related to phoneme inventory size? Introducing and commenting on a debate
Language, Usage and Cognition
Language demonstrates structure while also showing considerable variation at all levels: languages differ from one another while still being shaped by the same principles; utterances within a language differ from one another while exhibiting the same structural patterns; languages change over time, but in fairly regular ways. This book focuses on t...
A Usage‐Based Account of Constituency and Reanalysis
Constituent structure is considered to be the very foundation of linguistic competence and often considered to be innate, yet we show here that it is derivable from the domain-general processes of chunking and categorization. Using modern and diachronic corpus data, we show that the facts support a view of constituent structure as gradient (as woul...
Language Is a Complex Adaptive System: Position Paper
Richard A. Blythe
Tom Schoenemann
Language has a fundamentally social function. Processes of human interaction along with domain-general cognitive processes shape the structure and knowledge of language. Recent research in the cognitive sciences has demonstrated that patterns of use strongly affect how language is acquired, is used, and changes. These processes are not independent...
Language Universals and Usage-Based Theory
This chapter discusses the usage-based theory of language. It argues that from this perspective there are very few synchronic universals in the sense of features that can be found in all languages. The only synchronic universal is that all languages have at least some minimal derivational morphology. It further argues that language change has to be...
Language is a Complex Adaptive System 1
The role of prefabs in grammaticization: How the particular and the general interact in language change
Studies of grammaticization often reveal skewed distributions of lexical items in grammaticizing constructions, suggesting the presence of prefabs using these constructions. We examine here the role of prefabs in the grammaticization of can in English and the progressive estar 'be (located)' + V-ndo (Gerund) in Spanish. The data suggest that prefab...
The role of prefabs in grammaticization
Rena Torres Cacoullos
Phonological and Grammatical Variation in Exemplar Models
Phonological and grammatical structure is shaped by usage patterns, as demonstrated by the effects of context and frequency on variation and change. We argue for an exemplar model of lexical representations, in which tokens of use are registered in memory, including phonetic detail as well as linguistic and social contextual information. Since vari...
Formal Universals as Emergent Phenomena: The Origins of Structure Preservation
This book looks at the relationship between linguistic universals and language change. Reflecting the resurgence of work in both fields over the last two decades, it addresses two related issues of central importance in linguistics: the balance between synchronic and diachronic factors in accounting for universals of linguistic structure, and the m...
Adele Goldberg, Constructions at work: The nature of generalization in language
The Phonology of the Lexicon
This book essentially argues for the importance of word frequency as a factor in the analysis and explanation of language structure. In other words, the roles of words and other linguistic phenomena such as morphology, phonology, and syntax are highly influenced by low, medium, or high frequency with which they occur. The book includes three decade...
Gradience of Gradience: A reply to Jackendoff
James L Mcclelland
Jackendoff and other linguists have acknowledged that there is gradience in language but have tended to treat gradient phenomena as separate from the core of language, which is viewed as fully productive and compositional. This perspective suffuses Jackendoff's (2007) response to our position paper (Bybee and McClelland 2005). We argue that gradien...
From Usage to Grammar: The Mind's Response to Repetition
A usage-based view takes grammar to be the cognitive organization of one's experience with language. Aspects of that experience, for instance, the frequency of use of certain constructions or particular instances of constructions, have an impact on representation that is evidenced in speaker knowledge of conventionalized phrases and in language var...
Frequency of Use and the Organization of Language
A Usage-based Approach to Spanish Verbs of 'Becoming'
David Eddington
A usage-based analysis of four constructions in Spanish, each with a different verb meaning 'become' used with an animate subject and an adjective, provides evidence for exemplar representations of constructions, with analogy to these representations accounting for productive use. We analyze 423 tokens from spoken and written corpora, which we take...
La liaison : effets de fréquence et constructions
This paper views the alternation between liaison consonants and their absence as due neither to insertion nor deletion, but rather to the existence of alternant morphosyntactic constructions containing the liaison consonant. These alternate constructions can be viewed as irregular in much the same way as certain morphological paradigms are consider...
Restrictions on phonemes in affixes: A crosslinguistic test of a popular hypothesis
The hypothesis that inflectional affixes use a restricted set of phonemes and that these are the less marked phonemes of the language is discussed and tested on the verbal affixes in a sample of twenty-three maximally unrelated languages. The results show that the tendency for languages to use only a smaller subset of their phonemes in verbal infle...
Alternatives to the combinatorial paradigm of linguistic theory based on general principles of human cognition
It is argued that the principles needed to explain linguistic behavior are do- main-general and based on the impact that specific experiences have on the mental organization and representation of language. This organization must be sensitive to both specific information and generalized patterns. In addition, knowledge of language is highly sensitiv...
Cognitive processes in grammaticalization
Word Frequency and Context of Use in the Lexical Diffusion of Phonetically Conditioned Sound Change
The literature on frequency effects in lexical diffusion shows that even phonetically gradual changes that in some cases are destined to be lexically regular show lexical diffusion while they are in progress. Change that is both phonetically and lexically gradual presents a serious challenge to theories with phonemic underlying forms. An alternate...
Phonological evidence of exemplar storage of multiword sequences
Phonological evidence supports the frequency-based model proposed in the article by Nick Ellis. Phonological reduction occurs earlier and to a greater extent in high-frequency words and phrases than in low-frequency ones. A model that accounts for this effect needs both an exemplar representation to show phonetic variation and the ability to repres...
Sequentiality as the Basis of Constituent Structure
Phonology and Language Use
A research perspective that takes language use into account opens up new views of old issues and provides an understanding of issues that linguists have rarely addressed. Referencing new developments in cognitive and functional linguistics, phonetics, and connectionist modeling, this book investigates various ways in which a speaker/hearer's experi...
Frequency Effects on French Liaison
Referencing new developments in cognitive and functional linguistics, phonetics, and connectionist modeling, this book investigates various ways in which a speaker/hearer's experience with language affects the representation of phonology. Rather than assuming phonological representations in terms of phonemes, Joan Bybee adopts an exemplar model, in...
Use impacts morphological representation
The distinction between regular and irregular morphology is not clear-cut enough to suggest two distinct modular structures. Instead, regularity is tied directly to the type frequency of a pattern. Evidence from experiments as well as from naturally occurring sound change suggests that even regular forms have lexical storage. Finally, the developme...
The effect of usage on degrees of constituency: The reduction of don't in English
Joanne Scheibman
In this paper we take the position that there are many degrees of constituency and that these derive in a direct manner from the frequency with which elements are used together: elements that are frequently found next to each other show a tighter constituent structure than those that collocate less frequently. We use both phonological and functiona...
Prosody and Segmental Effect Some Paths of Evolution for Word Stress
Paromita Chakraborti
Dagmar Jung
This study reports on a significant negative association found in a cross-linguistic sample between the degree of predictability of word stress from a word boundary and the extent to which stress has segmental effects. In other words, in a given language the less predictable stress is from the word boundary, the more likely that the language will h...
Essays on Language Function and Language Type: Dedicated to T. Givón
John Haiman
Sandra A. Thompson
Regular Morphology and the Lexicon
Three models of morphological storage and processing are compared: the dual-processing model of Pinker, Marcus and colleagues, the connectionist model of Marchman, Plunkett, Seidenberg and others, and the network model of Bybee and Langacker. In line with predictions made in the latter two frameworks, type frequency of a morphological pattern is sh...
Are stem changes as natural as affixes?
JEAN E. NEWMAN
This paper addresses the issue of the relative "naturalness" of affixation and stem change as the expression of morphological categories. According to some accounts, affixation involves symbolic rules that are stored separately from lexically represented morphemes to which they are applied, and that thus enjoy a processing and acquisition advantage...
A view of phonology from a cognitive and functional perspective
While morphosyntax and semantics have been studied from a functional and cognitive perspective, much less emphasis has been placed on phonological phenomena in these frameworks. This paper proposes a rethinking of phonology, arguing that (i) the lexical representation of words have phonetic substance that is gradually changed by phonetic processes;...
The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World
Revere Perkins
William Pagliuca
Joan Bybee and her colleagues present a new theory of the evolution of grammar that links structure and meaning in a way that directly challenges most contemporary versions of generative grammar. This study focuses on the use and meaning of grammatical markers of tense, aspect, and modality and identifies a universal set of grammatical categories....
On the asymmetries in the a xation of grammatical material
The evolution of future meaning
Rules and Schemas in the Development and Use of the English past Tense
Dan I. Slobin
Consistent error patterns in English past-tense forms are reported for three age groups: preschoolers, 8-10-year-olds, and adults. It is argued that, although irregular forms are rote-learned, speakers make generalizations about such forms. Such a generalization is defined as a SCHEMA which describes general phonological properties of a morphologic...
Why small children cannot change language on their own
Explanation in Morphophonemics: Changes in Provençal and Spanish Preterite Forms
Mary Alexandra Brewer
The degree of autonomy of a word is the extent to which a word is likely to have its own lexical representation. Autonomy is determined by semantic complexity, word frequency, and morphophonemic irregularity, such that the semantically simpler, more frequent, and more irregular words are more autonomous. In morphological systems, nonautonomous word...
Morphophonemic change from inside and outside the paradigm
Daniel Recasens
Autonomous University of Barcelona
Florencia Reali
Los Andes University (Colombia)
Brian Macwhinney
Jenny R Saffran
Björn Lindblom
Zhuo Jing-Schmidt
Martin Haspelmath
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Ben Ambridge
Dorit Ravid
T. Florian Jaeger
Explaining language change
Providing usage-based explanations for recurrent patterns in language change.
Albuquerque, United States
Morten H Christiansen
Department of Linguistics & English Language
Diane Larsen-Freeman
Department of Spanish & Portuguese
New Zealand Institute of Language, Brain and Behaviour (NZILBB)
William Croft
John H. Holland


text:
Cromwell recognized for continued service to ASAS
July 20th, 2015 – The ASAS Retiree Service Award honors animal scientists who continue to serve and contribute valuable knowledge to the Society after they retire from their primary professional career position. Although retired, Dr. Gary Cromwell of the University of Kentucky still consistently proves his dedication to the world of animal science.
Cromwell was honored as the recipient of the Retiree Service Award at this year's JAM in Orlando.
Cromwell retired from the University of Kentucky (UK) in January 2012 after a long and distinguished career in swine nutrition research and teaching. In addition to publishing 176 refereed papers, 25 book chapters and 1,000+ abstracts and other articles, he worked tirelessly with various organizations to shape policies related to and enhancing animal agriculture.
He held leadership positions with the Committee on Animal Nutrition of the National Research Council (NRC), the Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS) and its forerunner, the Federation of American Societies of Food Animal Sciences (FASFAS); the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST); and the National Pork Producers Council.
These critical scientific committees dealt with many important issues involving biotechnology, safety of food products derived from animals, antibiotic resistance, and others.
Cromwell has been an active member of ASAS throughout his career. He served in such roles as President and Section Editor of the Journal of Animal Science. Just before his retirement, The ASAS Foundation established an Appreciation Club in his honor, which is currently being used to sponsor the Cromwell Award for Mineral Nutrition each year at JAM.
Since retiring, Cromwell has focused much of his time and energy to the oversight and management of the National Animal Nutrition Program (NANP), a National Resource Support Project (NRSP-9) supported in part by the Experiment Station Committee on Organization and Policy, the State Agricultural Experiment Stations, and Hatch Funds provided and administered by USDA/NIFA. He has served as Chair of the NANP since its establishment.
Under Cromwell's leadership, modeling and feed composition committees have been successful in developing a large feed ingredient database as well as providing modeling support for establishment of nutrient requirements for beef cattle, dairy cattle, swine, and poultry. Since the NANP was established, the NRC nutrient requirement publication for swine was completed, the publication on beef cattle requirements was started and almost completed, the publication for dairy cattle was started and is nearing completion, and plans for a publication on poultry requirements are underway.
The role that the NANP has played in helping the NRC to reduce the intervals between the nutrient requirement publications has a tremendous benefit to all of the members of ASAS who deal with animal nutrition.
Cromwell served as chair of the ASAS Regulatory Agencies Committee and the FASS Food Safety, Animal Health, and Animal Drugs Committee. His total service to ASAS and FASS in this role lasted 24 years. After retiring, he continued to serve as Chair of the FASS Committee for 2 additional years. He and his committee held a 1-day symposium each spring to interact with FDA, USDA, and other Federal Agencies in the Washington D.C. area.
For the past 3 years, Cromwell has chaired one of the graduate student oral paper competition sessions at the Midwestern Section ASAS meeting in Des Moines, and he continues to review papers for the Journal of Animal Science.
Cromwell also helped ASAS establish the Tim Stahly Swine Nutrition Award (now called the Stahly/Peo Award) that was created following Stahly's untimely death. After the award was established, he served on the award selection committee for several years, some of which were during his retirement.
Cromwell chaired the Awards and Recognition Committee for UK's Department of Animal Science for the past 22 years. The committee coordinates the nomination of ASAS members for sectional and national awards. Over the past 10 years, faculty members have received 25 national ASAS awards, 8 sectional ASAS awards and 41 college or university level awards from nominations that Cromwell and his committee prepared.
He continues to serve as ASAS representative to the American Feed Industry Association annual meeting. He encourages AFIA members to become members of ASAS and attend the sectional and national meetings.
Cromwell continues to be active and supportive of ASAS during his retirement years. His continued contributions to ASAS make him a worthy recipient of the 2015 Retiree Service Award.
The American Society of Animal Science is a professional organization that serves more than 5,000 animal scientists and producers around the world.
Kim Schoonmaker
ASAS Scientific Communications Associate
kims@asas.org


text:
NOWCAST KOAT Action 7 News at 5pm
Balloon Fiesta
As Seen on 7
Texas officer captures gas explosion on dashcam
No injuries were reported, says Spearman Police Department
Updated: 6:35 PM MST Jan 18, 2017
A natural gas pipeline explosion was captured on the dashcam of a Texas officer who was traveling down the highway on Monday. According to Spearman Police Department, the explosion was part of a gathering station maintained by DPS Midstream. No injuries were reported as a result of the explosion, says authorities. Officials said the flames were under control and were expected to burn itself out. Crews said once the fire ends, repairs on the pipeline will begin.
A natural gas pipeline explosion was captured on the dashcam of a Texas officer who was traveling down the highway on Monday.
According to Spearman Police Department, the explosion was part of a gathering station maintained by DPS Midstream.
No injuries were reported as a result of the explosion, says authorities.
Officials said the flames were under control and were expected to burn itself out. Crews said once the fire ends, repairs on the pipeline will begin.
KOAT Albuquerque
©2020, Hearst Television Inc. on behalf of KOAT-TV.


The Lada Niva is the Soviet Landrover.
The Niva was originally designed for the Soviet Ministry of Defence in the 1970's as an off-roader. In many respects it was ahead of it's time, and in many other ways it was not. AvtoVAZ invested heavily in a new plant in Tolyatti, named after Palmiro Togliatti the leader of the Italian Communist Party. Tolyatti soon became the Russian Detroit / Dagenham, and the Niva became the people's vehicle of choice. Unfortunately, 30yrs later the exact same production line was still in operation, and the Niva remained unchanged.
The Daily Telegraph recently rated the Niva in the worst ten cars ever made. However, it was the first vehicle to reach the North Pole, the first to ascend to 5300m in the Tibetan Plateaux, and the car of choice for the Weston-Super Mare Life Boat Crew and the Channel Tunnel Engineers.
1.If you replace the 50W headlights for 90W you can drive at night.
2.If it is cold, the indicator and the hazard lights are indistinguishable.
3.If you change the 8" windscreen wiper for a 14" you can drive in the rain.
4.The car is set to automatically streamline at high speed; the wing mirrors fold in.
5.The tyres are designed by cyclists, they have inner tubes that frequently burst on asphalt roads.
6.To 'balance' the wheels (stop them wobbling) you attach lead bricks to the wheel rims.
8.The Niva can perform a spontaneous 180 degree spin on compacted snow.
9.It is permanently (and expensively) in 4 wheel drive, somewhat apt for Tajikistan.
10.The smaller gear stick vibrates against your leg massaging your calf muscles. Long journeys can result in bruising.
11.The automatic speed restrictor kicks in at 60mph; the shaking becomes deafening.
12.On hitting a pot hole, the gearing system can be knocked out of sync. This can be fixed in twenty minutes by a golden toothed mechanic with a chest full of phlegm, a hammer and an adjustable spanner.
13.The fuel tank leaks if you park on a slope.
15.I wouldn't replace it with a Toyota Landcruiser, the SUV of the UN.
Having been towed home, into Dushanbe in my Lada Niva more times than most people will have such an experience, I can honestly say that I am very happy indeed to have swapped it for the UN SUV of choice, even if it is not my own personal choice.
One thing you missed out on your list is the Niva's proclivity to stop functioning when travelling uphill - this is because the diaphragm in the fuel pump inverts when it works too hard against gravity; it then needs a rest before it returns to its original, correct position and begins to work normally again. Many people cannot figure out why their Nivas so often just stop during uphill drives, only to inexplicably recover after a few minutes break.
During my more than two years of driving it in Tajikistan, my Lada Niva had problems with brakes, gearbox, clutch (2 new clutches in 2 years), fuel pump (several times), lights, battery, tyres/wheels, windows, doors, back door handle, seats, steering and probably one or two other things I have forgotten. During three years driving my Toyota, I have yet to have any noteworthy mechanical problem with it.
LandCruisers have issues; they are too big, too heavy, don't perform as well on mud or snow as the Niva, but they are vastly more reliable, mechanically sound, comfortable and easy to drive and maintain, I wd never willingly go back to the Niva.
If you want a small, economical 4WD for NGO work, try the Suzuki Jimny, or if the org can afford it, a Rav4.
It sounds like I am in for a rough ride with my niva in more ways than one. I appreciate it is not God's gift to enginnering but needed to have fastidious remark somewhere in the text about the white elephants of the road... hope you have many happy miles of motoring in the Toyota...and I can hitch a tow when you are passing me up a hill.
Speed restrictor..? Where's the fun in that? I would like to see one of those bright yellow stickers on your Niva, though for sure it would attract the attention of the militsia on Rudaki.