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Thorens TD 402 DD Turntable with Audio-Technica AT-VM95E Cartridge
Written by Thom Moon
Thorens is an old company given new life by CEO Gunter Kürten, once with Denon and a former CEO of Elac. Founded in 1883, Thorens made its first record player in 1903, its first electrically driven turntable in 1928, and its iconic TD 124 turntable in 1957. The TD 124 became a standard in its time as a result of its many innovations. First, it used an unusual belt/idler drive: the motor drove the belt, which drove the idler, which caused the platter to spin; this system reduced rumble. An unusual suspension system made it nearly impervious to shock, and it had a built-in stroboscope, which, in conjunction with a ±6% pitch control, gave it outstanding speed control. It also came with a spirit level on its top plate that made leveling easier. And it had a unique clutch assembly that provided nearly instantaneous start and stop, which made the TD 124 popular with radio stations, where tight cueing was critical.
Over the years, Thorens continued to build many different turntables and even electronics. But, as with nearly all turntable manufacturers, the CD craze hurt Thorens, and distribution and production were spotty from the 1990s until recently.
That changed when Kürten became CEO. He moved the firm to Germany and embarked on a plan to rebuild its business. In recent years, Thorens has released a number of new designs, one of which is the Thorens TD 402 DD, which comes from the factory with an Audio-Technica AT-VMS95E fixed-coil/moving-magnet cartridge and a built-in phono stage for $1199 (all prices in USD).
The TD 402 DD mimics the classic Thorens look but with timely updates. First, and possibly most important, the platter is driven directly by the motor; there is no belt or idler to deal with. The plinth, available in Black High Gloss or Walnut High Gloss (my sample was Black High Gloss), sits atop four rubber feet that offer some isolation from shock and external vibration, but it isn't hard to induce microphonics. The feet are not adjustable for height, which slightly complicates leveling the turntable. The turntable itself does sit level (my cabinet, however, does not—thus, the problem). The top plate is brushed aluminum, a look that pays tribute to Thorens 'tables of the 1960s and 1970s. The only controls on the plate are switches on the lower left, for speed selection (33 and 45), and the lower right (marked simply Start and Stop).
The turntable's dimensions are 16.5″ × 14″ × 5.5″. The 8.8″ straight tonearm uses a carbon-fiber tube, making it very low mass. It's fitted with an interchangeable, offset headshell matching the SME standard connections. As mentioned, the TD 402 DD contains a pre-mounted Audio-Technica AT-VM95E cartridge ($69 retail). Thorens admitted their choice of a $70 cartridge was a cost consideration but noted that styli within the VM-series are totally interchangeable. The user may simply want to move up to a stylus like the AT-VM95EN (a nude-mounted, elliptical stylus), the AT-VM95ML (a Micro-Line stylus similar to that of the Shure V-15 Type 5), or the AT-VM95SH (a Shibata complex elliptical originally developed for 1970s four-channel LPs) to improve the sound. This certainly is the simplest, most logical upgrade route.
Initially, I was not impressed with the sound produced by the AT-VM95E, so I wanted to try one of my other cartridges: the Grado Gold, Black 1, or my new Ortofon 2M Red. However, I ran into a slight problem in that Thorens specifies a range for cartridge weight of 3.5 to 6.2 grams, which limits choice. Of my alternative cartridges, the Grado falls within the guidelines at 6 grams, but the Ortofon 2M Red is a full gram above the limit. I asked the folks at Thorens about this, and they responded that their published figures were, in effect, advisory and that cartridges that weigh in a little above the upper limit should be fine.
And I tried all three alternative cartridges thanks to the spare headshell Focal Naim America kindly supplied me. All in all, the performance of the Grado was decent—smooth, sonorous, and similar to that of the Audio-Technica, while the 2M Red was livelier and provided more detail.
On the turntable itself, there is a tonearm lift lever to control the arm on set-down and pick-up. The unit includes a wall-wart power supply, a set of decent interconnects with built-in earth/ground connector (suggestion: make certain you ground the turntable to your amp or preamp. I didn't at first and was greeted with unholy hum), an adapter for 7″ records, and a very nice dust cover. It also offers an onboard phono stage for folks who don't have one, to boost the minimal output of the cartridge to a line-level signal the amp can use. The TD 402 DD is covered by a two-year limited warranty on parts and labor. Despite its German/Swiss heritage, the TD 402 DD is manufactured in Taiwan.
It's pleasing to me that most turntable manufacturers have adopted packaging that assures safe transport of their units but eliminates most of the "What do I do with this little gizmo?" questions that made setting up a turntable such a chore in the past. The complete, multi-language owner's manual (or in German, the bedienungsanleitung for the plattenspieler) begins with a detailed drawing of the top of the unit that lists all the important parts. That's followed by each part's name and function and another detailed drawing of the back panel. The setup instructions are fairly detailed but would benefit from some illustrations of the individual steps.
As usual with a turntable, setting up the arm's tracking and anti-skate forces are the most complicated steps, but in terms of simplicity, this new Thorens is a massive improvement over the TD 206 I reviewed previously. The arm itself is the common static-balance type: to set it up, you balance it, then set the vertical tracking force by rotating the counterweight. One difference lies in how light the carbon-fiber arm is and how it takes a very deft touch on the counterweight to balance it. Setting the tracking force is complicated by the grey print of the force scale on the black counterweight. I had to use a flashlight to throw enough light on it so that I could accomplish the task. Anti-skate (a force that counteracts the arm's tendency to go toward the spindle) is set by a small thumb wheel on the side of the arm mount, but this, too, is shown with grey markings on a black control.
From opening the box to putting on a record, the process took less than 30 minutes, and that was due to my marking the location of every part on the packing material, which helps me when I repack the turntable for return. Had I not taken time to do that, setting up the turntable would have taken 15 minutes, tops.
It couldn't be much simpler. Place a record on the platter, select the proper speed with the switch on the left, turn the switch on the right to Start, engage the arm lift, and position the arm over the lead-in groove. As you do, the platter will start to spin. When the arm is in the right position, use the lift lever to lower the arm into place.
At the end of the side, the platter will stop on its own—a nice feature. Note the arm does not lift off the disc. But at least one is not compelled to immediately get up and turn off the turntable. And it saves the stylus. It's a welcome feature but I found that on a few LPs, the lead-out groove ended before the motor had a chance to switch off, so I had to stop the platter manually.
One caution, though: raising the arm off the record with the lift requires some gentleness. It's very easy to get the arm bouncing around if you raise it too quickly because it's so light. Using cue to lower the stylus to the disc, though, occurs at a steady and gentle rate. Be careful.
Changes to my system
I recently jumped at the chance to pick up an Apt Holman preamplifier, a late 1970s creation that, to this day, gets good reviews and garners high resale prices on the vintage equipment market. It has replaced my long-term, trusty Linn Majik-1P, and I was amazed at the difference in sound. The Linn was good; I'd used it for 25 years and always thought it had an exceptional phono stage. But the Apt just thoroughly blew me away. First, the phono stage is dead quiet. The preamp has an incredible frequency range and sounds very natural on piano works—my sign of a good design. This is my new reference preamplifier.
When I finally finished setting up the Thorens, I put one of my favorite Billy Joel cuts, "Uptown Girl," from An Innocent Man (LP, Columbia QC 38837), on the Thorens. To this point, I had been a bit disappointed in the Thorens' performance through the Linn phono stage—the bass was often mushy and without definition and the highs were masked. Not so much with the Apt in the system.
So I immediately discarded all my previous listening notes and started anew, with a different attitude toward the TD 402 DD and its Audio-Technica cartridge.
Many of you may be familiar with orchestrations of Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, usually the one by Maurice Ravel. But I enjoy the piece in its initial form for solo piano more, and I have a recording of it by Lazar Berman (LP, Deutsche Grammophon 2351 09). First, I noticed a highly positive aspect of the Thorens/Audio-Technica pairing: they handled surface noise quite well. There are a few pops and clicks and one slight scratch on the record, and these were subdued in playback. The next thing that came to light was how well the Thorens/Audio-Technica handled both of the vigorous Promenade sections that repeat throughout and the delicacy of the many quiet passages. I felt the Thorens/A-T combination shone with this particular recording. So, for a classical music fan, the TD 402 DD would be a fabulous choice.
However, when I went to "One Fine Morning" by the Canadian group Lighthouse (from their 1971 album, One Fine Morning, LP, Evolution 3007), the sound was less satisfying. The bass drum and bass line had little form—I heard only muffled thumps down at the bottom. Mids and highs blared and sounded over driven, yet very high notes were veiled, almost missing. The soundstaging was the best part of the Thorens' performance on this album, with good isolation of the contributors. Oh, and Lighthouse? You can think of them as a slightly heavier version of Blood, Sweat & Tears or Chicago—a rock band backed by a strong horn section. "One Fine Morning" was a top hit in Canada in 1971 and made it as high as 14 on US charts.
Frank Sinatra made a huge number of great albums over the years. He was known as a stickler for exemplary musicianship from the groups that backed him. This shows in "Bauble, Bangles and Beads," from his album Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim (LP, Reprise FS-1021). Ol' Blue Eyes was a bit past his vocal prime on this album, but no one—with the possible exception of Mel Tormé or Tony Bennett—could "sell" a song better. Here, he's accompanied by strings plus guitar work by Jobim. Sinatra is perfectly centered on the recording, with Jobim just behind and to the right. The strings were lush and full over the Thorens. The few horns produced a silken accompaniment. The depth of the performance was extended—as it should be given an orchestra of 20 or more members. Overall, the Thorens did very well by the recording.
Keeping up the bossa nova sound, I turned to Sergio Mendes and his group, Brazil 77, for his version of the Carpenters' hit, "I Won't Last a Day Without You," from Love Music (LP, Bell 1119). This cut features one of the group's two female singers, Gracinha Leporace, who has a rather sultry voice, which came through nicely here. The backing is Mendes's piano and the group is supplemented by strings and a couple of wind instruments. Interestingly, the singers are not quite centered on the recording; they're just to the right. The Thorens/A-T's sound was smooth and fairly full, but lacked some needed sparkle on the high end. The soundstage was broad but not deep, partially an aspect of the recording.
George Shearing and Marian McPartland were exceptionally fine British-born pianists who made their reputations in the US. Their one collaborative album, Alone Together (LP, Concord Jazz CJ-171), is just them—no backing arrangement. As usual with Concord Jazz, the recording quality is top-notch. The sound of the pianos was somewhat centered as if the pianists were facing each other, and the pianos sounded just as they should—full-bodied, with firm bass and a clear midrange. This album possesses some of the high-frequency sparkle that the Mendes album lacks. Still, the Thorens/A-T's sound was a touch mellow.
Pablo Cruise was a four-man group that had a brief stab at stardom in the late 1970s. Granted, this isn't landmark music, but their records always sounded great—great studios, great engineering and production, and great mastering. I chose "Love Will Find a Way" from their recording Worlds Away (LP, A&M SP 4697). The lead singer was firmly centered on the stage with the reasonably solid bass and drums right behind. Backing vocals were spread distinctly from the left to the right, while the lead guitar was definitely arriving from the right channel. Again, the TD 402 DD/AT-VM95E offered good soundstaging and decent depth, but lacked clear reproduction of the highest octaves.
I'll present two comparisons—one for the Thorens' inboard phono stage versus that of the Apt Holman and another between the Thorens with the AT-VM95E versus the Thorens with my best-sounding cartridge, the Ortofon 2M Red.
For this first one, the Apt Holman vs. Thorens inboard, I used Wes Montgomery on guitar with a fabulous backing band led by Don Sebesky doing "California Dreaming," from the Montgomery album of the same name (LP, Verve V6-8672). Montgomery was a self-taught guitarist (he couldn't read music) who gained prominence in the mid-1960s with his unique style of finger-picking jazz. Since then, many guitarists have emulated his style.
Using the Apt's phono stage, the soundstage was broad and right up front. Montgomery's guitar was dead center; the band's horns were off to the left and slightly behind; the drums were just to the right and the piano centered but well behind them. The high tones of the piano and muted trumpet came through nicely. The bass lines were firm and, as usual with a Sebesky band, the backing was presented very tightly. This was the best I heard the Thorens/A-T combo sound.
Through the Thorens' built-in phono stage, the sound was very different and not that satisfying. The bass and drums were less conspicuous. The staging wasn't quite as precise, and the whole performance lacked heft. It wasn't bad, but it wasn't up to the standard set by an external phono stage. I'd say the Thorens has an OK-but-not-exceptional phono stage.
For the cartridge challenge, I ran both cartridges through the Phono 1 input on the Apt Holman. I picked a cut from the original Blood, Sweat & Tears album, Child Is Father to the Man (LP, Columbia PC 9619): "I Can't Quit Her," an early example of the group's merger of jazz with rock. The singer is Al Kooper, a co-founder of the group who hung around just long enough to record this album and then split. Kooper is not Frank Sinatra, but his voice fits the song.
Right off the bat, the A-T sounded very midrangey, with a little hollowness to the vocal. The soundstage was fairly wide but not very deep, which admittedly, is at least partially the fault of the recording. The violins on their higher notes sounded slightly harsh, but they weren't as recessed as they are on some other discs. The A-T brought out how incredibly in sync all the band members are. The bass had some real grunt to it. In all, a decent performance.
The Ortofon's sound was more effusive. The violins lost their harshness but were quite forward, as was the electric guitar. Even after adjusting carefully for differences in cartridge output (the A-T's output is rated at 4.0mV; the Ortofon's at 5.5mV), there was just more substance to the Ortofon's reproduction—more overall sound and more detail. One downside: some sibilance on Kooper's vocals was unpleasant. Still, I liked the Ortofon better than the A-T. No shaming of the A-T: on a lot of recordings, it would produce some extremely pleasant sounds.
I have lusted after Thorens turntables since I was about 16. I swore I would own a Thorens someday, and I hoped the TD 402 DD would be the one. My initial experience with it was disappointing. While the turntable worked perfectly and was gorgeous to look at, the sound it produced with its installed cartridge was sadly rather lifeless when connected to my Linn Majik-1P—a preamp I've always felt was near the top of the game. It and the Thorens just didn't mesh.
The Apt Holman preamp, with a phono stage designed and manufactured when vinyl was close to the ultimate format for recorded music, along with the Ortofon 2M Red cartridge, lured both the beauty and the beat back into the beast. Once my system-matching issues were resolved and a better cartridge was installed, the performance of the Thorens improved dramatically.
The TD 402 DD is great to look at, easy to set up and operate, and under the right system conditions, it sounds quite good. It just needs a cartridge or stylus from the factory that is a better match to its many capabilities.
. . . Thom Moon
thom@soundstagenetwork.com
Analog source: Dual CS5000 turntable with Sumiko Oyster Moonstone cartridge.
Preamplifier: Linn Majik-1P, Apt Holman.
Power amplifier: NAD C 275BEE.
Speakers: Acoustic Energy Radiance 3, Advent ASW-1200 subwoofer.
Interconnects: Dual (captive with CS5000 turntable), Thorens, Straight Wire Chorus.
Speaker cables: Acoustic Research 14-gauge terminated in banana plugs.
Thorens TD 402 DD Turntable with Audio-Technica AT-VMS95E Cartridge
Price: $1199.
Warranty: Two-year limited warranty.
Thorens GmbH
Lustheide 85
Website: www.thorens.com/en
North American distributor:
Focal Naim America
156 Lawrence Paquette Dr.
Champlain, NY 12919-4861
Website: www.focalnaimamerica.com


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UFO Chronicles – The Lost Knowledge
UFO Chronicles - The Lost Knowledge quantity
The Ancient Alien theory expanded as regress ion expert Dolores Cannon explains the Alien creators and their intention when creating the earth and the first humans. Also, the man who discovered the first UFO crash in 1947 is remembered by his son, Jesse Marcel Jr. UFO Chronicles is an unprecedented and uncensored film series featuring the top authorities on the UFO enigma. Pilots, Astronauts, Government Officials, Military Officials, Medical Experts, Scientists, Religious Leaders and more reveal, in never before seen interviews, the ramifications of the Alien Presence on planet Earth. The UFO Chronicles collector's series discloses information you were never meant to know.
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UFO Chronicles: Masters of Deception
UFO Chronicles is an unprecedented and uncensored film series featuring the top authorities on the UFO enigma. Pilots, Astronauts, Government Officials, Military Officials, Medical Experts, Scientists, Religious Leaders and more reveal in never before seen interviews the ramifications of the Alien Presence on planet Earth. The UFO Chronicles collector's series discloses information you were never meant to know. Join historian and lecturer Richard Dolan, author of critically acclaimed book series UFOs and the National Security State and Nick Pope, known as the "Real Fox Mulder," who worked as a special investigator regarding UFO's and aerial phenomena for the UK's ministry of defense until 2006 and is now a freelance British journalist and media commentator on the subject. This edition of UFO Chronicles reveal insights into the UFO enigma and the Alien Presence on Earth exploring the role of global corporations and the one world government movement and how it influences the cover-up of the UFO phenomenon today.
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Presidential address published in the Annual Report of the American Historical Association, 1890, 15–36.
The American Historical Association enters upon its sixth year under new and favorable auspices, and the country may be congratulated upon the rise and progress of an association with special claims, not simply upon American scholars, but upon every thoughtful American who desires his children to understand aright the history and principles of their country. It seems to have sprung into existence under the guidance of our accomplished experts to supply a great national want, and to perfect for the scholars and the people of America a branch of education which, to America, of all the countries in the world, is of supreme importance; for the defects in our methods of historic study have been widely felt and frankly acknowledged, and this branch of our education has kept pace neither with the progress nor with the dangers of the republic.
These considerations give to the American Historical Association a national and a practical importance which Congress has wisely recognized by the act of incorporation authorizing the Association to share the advantages of the Smithsonian Institute and the National Museum, and instructing the secretary of the Smithsonian Institute to communicate to Congress reports of our proceedings and of the condition of historical study in America. Our Secretary reported, in October, the titles of some two hundred historical societies in the United States, including a number honorably distinguished during the past century by scholarly management and excellent work. His report shows also the resolutions of the Executive Council, and the circular addressed by its instruction to the State historical societies. The letter from the secretary of the Smithsonian Institute announcing the generous privileges accorded to this Association in regard to its collections, exchanges, and the printing and distribution of its reports, is definite and encouraging; and the cordial reception of the Association by the residents of Washington honorably represents the enlightened sentiment of the republic.
The instructive papers of our Association, especially those of Professor Herbert B. Adams, Dr. Andrew D. White, and President Charles K. Adams, have given us a full account of the progress of the new methods of historic study in Europe, with interesting particulars supplied by their own large experience. President Adams, in his inaugural, told us of the latest progress in England at Oxford and Cambridge; of the moderate advance in Holland, at the universities of Leyden, Groningen, and Utrecht, and in Belgium at Liege and Ghent, Brussels and Louvain; of the very remarkable progress in Italy, from the national unification, with its immense archives, notably at Florence and Rome, and with its eminent professors of Florence, Turin, Naples, Venice, Palermo, Milan, Pavia, and Bologna. Then came a reference to the study of history in Germany, of which ex-President White had given so comprehensive and instructive a review, and to its remarkable progress in France at Paris and Bordeaux. As regards America, President Adams reminded us that the methods of work in our institutions of university grade were very different from those in vogue twenty-five years ago, and that several of the professors of history now employed have received their training in the best methods of the old world. He advised us of the progress at Harvard, under Professor Henry Adams and President Eliot; at Yale, under Professors Fisher, Wheeler, George B. Adams, and Sumner, on constitutional and financial law; at Columbia, under Professor John W. Burgess, in the school of political science, and to which new life will doubtless be added under the vigorous and judicious influence of President Low; at the University of Michigan, where, under Dr. White, the science of history was lifted to the very summit of promise and usefulness; at Cornell, where the admirable work of Dr. White is being carried on by President Adams himself; and lastly, at Johns Hopkins University, whose historic volumes tell their own story, and where so much work has been so excellently well done, and where forty graduate students in history are working with a view to the doctor's degree.
America, we are told, is still far behind Europe in the study of history, and Professor Emerson, of Harvard, declares that "history has been taught very badly in America, or rather, to be honest, it has hardly been taught at all"1; and we are told, too, that the time is passing, in certain lands at least, when historians, one after another, set themselves up to write the panegyric of his favorite period or party, and "each panegyric is an apology or a falsehood." Professor Emerson says—and this seems to be the general opinion of our scholars—that the new principle "is no longer on trial in America; it has come to stay." The importance of history as illustrating the continuing tie, which, amid all the changes of time, connects the present with the past, is a constant idea with thoughtful Americans. "The foundations of our Christian culture," says Dr. Eliphalet Potter, the accomplished president of Hobart College, "of our boasted commerce and manufactures, of our science and our government, are as old as history.... All the splendid superstructure of art and knowledge in the nineteenth century is built upon enduring foundations, laid by other races as well as by our heathen ancestors and Christian forefathers. The saying of Christ is the motto of the ages: 'Other men have labored and ye have entered into their labors.'"2 What they did, and the reason and result of their action, make history philosophy teaching by example.
There came to the Hudson River, says Mr. Elting, Walloons from the Spanish Netherlands, Huguenots from France, Puritans from New England, and Waldenses from Piedmont whose historical antecedents extend beyond the Christian era—all seeking freedom, and finding it in New Netherlands. Their descendants are to be found in Kingston, Esopus, and New Paltz, now a quiet village on the Walkill Valley railroad. This valley reposes near the peaks of the Catskills and the Shawangunk range, with its most prominent point, Sky Top, marking the location of Lake Mohonk, now known as a national centre of the thoughtful and practical philanthropy of the republic, in reference to the two races whose claims to enlightenment at the hands of the national government in the common-school system of the republic can no longer be ignored; and here, after three centuries, the noblest traits of the Hollanders are recalled by the benign influence that from one of their earliest American homes extends throughout the republic.
A like forgetfulness of the plainest lessons taught by history is constantly exhibited in our own land, and invaluable public service has been rendered by this Association and the Johns Hopkins University in their historic exposition of the policy and principles of the republic, as exhibited in Congressional acts and judicial decisions. Two of their papers illustrate the remark of Mr. Freeman, that "law has now become a mainstay of history, or rather a part of history, because a knowledge of history is coming to be received as a part of the knowledge of the law"; and the early appearance of these papers show that the new methods of history recognize its relation not simply to the legislature but to the judiciary, as an independent and essential element of the country, wielding a power that can sit in judgment on the legislative and executive departments, the interpreter of national and State constitutions, and the final arbiter of the constitutional limits to legislation.
One of these papers is that of Dr. Philip Schaff, on "Church and State in the United States," in which that accomplished scholar with historic and judicial exactness has quoted the adjudications on this point as a matter "not of doctrine but of fact." His masterly exposition and array of authorities add conclusive weight to the thought that no nation has more reason than our own for tracing the relations between the past and the present, and to the remark of Dr. Herbert B. Adams, that national and international life can but develop upon the constitutional basis of self-government in Church and State. Dr. Schaff's paper was entitled "Church and State in the United States, or the American Idea of Religious Liberty in its Practical Effect, with Official Documents." It presents in an appendix the provisions of the United States Constitution for religious liberty, decisions of the United States Supreme Court and of the courts of Pennsylvania and New York upon Christianity as a part of the common law, with the opinions of judge Story, Dr. Lieber, judge Cooley, and Mr. Bancroft.
"The State of New York," Dr. Schaff reminds us, "had virtually dis-established the Episcopal Church in 1777, one year after the declaration of independence, by repealing in its constitution all statutes and acts which 'might be construed to establish or maintain any particular denomination of Christians and their ministers'; and it ordained that 'the free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship without discrimination or preference shall forever hereafter be allowed within this State to all mankind.'" In the leading case in New York, of The People vs. Ruggles, quoted by Dr. Schaff—when Chancellor Kent delivered the opinion of the court, with the approval of a full bench, including the eminent names of Smith Thompson, Ambrose Spencer, William Van Ness, and Joseph C. Yates—the court held that by the common law now in force here as in England, and wholly irrespective of any question of church establishment, contemptuous words uttered maliciously against Christ or the Holy Scriptures are an offence affecting the essential interests of civil society, where Christianity is recognized as a part of the law and the religion of the people.
The historic facts thus judicially announced, tracing back through the common law the religious faith of the American people, are in accord with the first enactment of the Puritans on board the Mayflower, commencing "In the name of God, Amen," and declaring that the voyage was undertaken "for the glory of God and advancement of the Christian faith"; with the early laws of the Dutch and the Huguenots, the Swedes and other colonists, some of which are in force to-day, until the day, when the federal Constitution was adopted according to the record of our national convention not like the revolutionary constitution of France on a day that ignored the Christian era, but in "the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-seven." Dr. Schaff's clear exposition is worthy of study by the differing classes who, misled perhaps by the foreign idea that this is a godless and heathenish country, and that the State cannot without violating its constitution teach to its children the principles of morality, have proposed to correct the alleged evil: the one class by supplying to the schools denominational teachings in defiance of the Constitution, and the other by inserting the name of God in the national Constitution. The prevalence and power of the religious sentiment in America thus recognized by the courts has not been unnoticed by the most observant and impartial critics of American institutions.
Another paper, by Dr. Blackmar, on Federal and State aid to higher education in the United States, gave a complete historical sketch of national grants in aid of State education, which appeared soon after the denial of these grants had been made with such persistency and emphasis as to confuse the public and the press, despite the able argument of Dr. White on "National and State Governments and Advanced Education." Dr. Blackmar quoted Huxley's dictum: "No system of public education is worth the name of national unless it creates a great educational ladder with one end in the gutter and the other in the university"—which recalls Washington's desire for a universal education and a national university; and he spoke of the first educational grants of the general government, in 1787, to support schools and advance the cause of education. Of that ordinance which declared that "Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged," Webster said: "I doubt whether one single law of any lawgiver, ancient or modern, has produced effects of more distinct, marked, and lasting character." Next in educational importance to the ordinance of 1787 comes the Congressional grant of 1862 providing for mechanical and agricultural schools, with the supplemental act of March 2, 1887, with its far-reaching results, by which forty-six colleges and universities have benefited, thirty-three of which were called into existence by the act.
In 1803 Congress extended the privileges of the ordinance of 1787 to the States in the Mississippi territory, granting the sixteenth of every township for the purposes of common-school education, and one entire township for the support of a seminary of learning. The distribution of the surplus in the national treasury in 1836 was in its aim, as far as the national government was concerned, financial and not educational, but in sixteen States it was devoted wholly or in part to educational purposes. Among the States that were specially benefited by national aid to education was Connecticut, which received about twenty-three thousand acres for the education of the deaf and dumb.
It may be difficult to understand how the country should have required this exposition of our ancient and continuous policy of national aid to State education on a scale without a parallel in history, and with a beneficent effect so marvellous as to astonish the world, but the recent discussion of the subject by a large part of the press showed a singular misapprehension of both of these prominent historic facts with which every citizen should be familiar. It was gravely said that a bill to grant national aid to State education would be a violation of the national Constitution and without precedent in Congressional history; that the ultimate effect of such aid would be "a paralysis of local effort"; that the offer of national aid to a State would be an affront; that its acceptance would be an act of humiliation, inconsistent with manly spirit and State pride; and that national aid if accepted would weaken the national spirit of the States, and tend to the neglect of their State schools and the promotion of ignorance and mendicancy.
Dr. White, with his large scholarly and diplomatic experience in the various countries of Europe, and his most skilful application of European experience to ourselves, has presented to the country a field of inquiry of great interest, and all true Americans will accept his proposition that "the demand of the nation for men trained in history, political and social science, and general jurisprudence can hardly be overstated." He reminded us that in addition to Congress acting for sixty-three millions of people who are increasing in great part by immigration at an appalling rate, with some forty State legislatures, and county, town, and municipal boards innumerable; with executive officers and constitutional conventions and judges of every grade discussing political and social questions and fixing the grooves in which our political, and social development will largely run; with the grave questions of the relation of capital and labor, production and distribution, education, taxation, general, municipal, and international law—pauperism, crime, insanity, and whatnot—policies are being fixed, institutions created, laws made with reference to these questions, policies, institutions, and laws in which lie the germs of glory or anarchy, of growth or revolution.
Dr. White quotes an able and devoted foreigner, that it saddened him to see so many of the same lines of policy adopted in America that had brought misery upon Europe. "In various constituted bodies theories have been proposed which were long ago extinguished in blood; plans solemnly considered which have led without exception, wherever tried, to ruin, moral and financial; systems adopted which have caused, sometimes the tragedies, sometimes the farces, upon the stage of human affairs"—an expression that recalls the warning of Madison more than an hundred years ago, that popular government without popular education or the means of obtaining it is "but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy, or to both." After referring to the prodigious amount of waste and error in dealing with political and social questions, Dr. White remarked that abuses found in France under Louis IV, and in England under George III, seem to find their counterpart in our own land, with criminal high schools taking large numbers of novices and graduating them masters of criminal arts, and this not from want of integrity but from lack of adequate training. He based on the same and similar facts the demand for a close study of the political and social history of those people who have had the most important experience, and especially of our own; and he supplemented his powerful argument with a startling reminder of the fearful price that has been paid hitherto for the simplest advances in political and social science when achieved by the gradual growth of the human mind. The entire paper of Dr. White, to some of the chief points of which I have ventured to allude, deserves the most careful study as an argument, based on acknowledged facts and enforced by the testimony of scholars, for the general and thorough incorporation of the improved methods of historic study with American education.
There is one point on which the history especially of England and America is regarded as teaching a lesson of confidence in their basis of national character and national stability. In England the age of corruption in the time of Walpole was marked, as Professor Goldwin Smith observes, by the still darker records of faction, misgovernment, and iniquity in the high places both of church and state, and in the political evils and fiscal burdens which have been bequeathed by those bad rulers even to our own times. The historian reminds us that if corruption had been universal, the people might never have lifted up their heads again, but that the people received the religion which the gentry and even some of the clergy had rejected. The people preserved the traditions of English morality and English study, and repaired by their unflagging industry and their sturdy integrity, the waste and demoralization of the classes about them.
The question that seems to be forcibly suggested by the paper of Dr. White, and enforced by the teachings of our chief experts in historic studies, American and German, is whether the olden methods of teaching history now prevailing in our common schools and academies should not be at once improved by the general adoption of the scientific method, to the great advantage of American youth, whether their education is to end with the common school or the academy, or whether it is to be continued to the highest course of the university. Nothing could more tend to strengthen and confirm the American character of our common schools, so absolutely essential in fitting our youth for their duties as American citizens, and the historic training to that end will no longer be confined to the select few who enjoy the higher education given in our colleges and universities, but will be shared by the masses, "the plain people," who constitute the great majority, whose character and life are to raise or to lower the standard of our civilization, and whose votes are to elect the rulers and determine the destiny of the republic.
Our common schools are intended to fit the youth of America for what Arnold calls "the highest earthly work—the work of government"; and that work is becoming more complex and difficult with the advance of our civilization to the Pacific, and with the problems political and industrial, financial and commercial, educational and social, that in succession or in joint array arise and confront us. To these are added a continuing wave of immigration of unexpected magnitude, and representing frequently civilizations inferior, alien, and hostile to our own. It is true that the more intelligent and better part come to appreciate and cherish American institutions, and to welcome for their children the common school that will fit them for American citizenship, and raise them politically and socially to a higher plane of civilization; but there comes also a vast multitude who in their ignorance are ready to subvert our institutions, to supersede our national principles and rights, which they do not understand, and even in some cases to force into our public schools not only un-American ideas, but a foreign tongue.
During the last century, when there was little danger from such influences at home, Washington, desiring for American youth an American character, objected to foreign education as encouraging "not only habits of dissipation and extravagance, but principles unfriendly to republican government and to the true and generous liberation of mankind." The simple and sure mode of inculcating these American principles and ideas is the scientific study of American history. Our great authorities on history-teaching are agreed that rightly to understand, appreciate, and defend American institutions, the true plan is to know their origin and their history, and so to learn the true policy required for our safety; and in this light history appears as the true basis of national character and of national wisdom, and there seems no reason to suppose that lessons in history may not be given in our common schools in a way to influence the ideas and character of our children.
Is there any good reason to believe that the American boy with his bright intelligence and active imagination is incapable of understanding the two historic ideas of the continuous and changing movement of human affairs and the permanence of principles? that he cannot learn to trace the connection between Runnymede, the battle of the Boyne, Bunker Hill, and Yorktown; the constitutional establishment of civil and religious freedom in the last century, and the constitutional emancipation in our own day? As he reads of the Magna Charta extorted from King John in 1215, and of its confirmation in England some thirty times as was deemed conducive to the liberties of Englishmen; when he recognizes that Charta as the basis of the Petition of Right in 1628, and of the Bill of Rights in 1688, will he not the more appreciate the fact that it was the basis of our Declaration of Independence in 1776, and of the first and latest amendments to our national Constitution?
But the public opinion which Webster magnified and which is to subject the world to the empire of reason, is the opinion of an American people thoroughly educated in their own history and their own principles, a public opinion inspired by the intelligence and patriotism of the common school, which, while preparing the way to the college and university, can give all that the nation has a right to demand for her voters—the elements of knowledge, with a true idea of the history and the principles of the republic, and of the rights and duties of citizens. Dr. Woodrow Wilson remarks in his recent work, speaking of the convictions of our great statesmen from Washington to our own day: "No free government can last in health if it lose hold of its traditions in history; and in the public schools these may be and should be sedulously preserved," carefully replanted in the thought and consciousness of each succeeding generation.
The necessity of a thorough and manly training to secure prosperity and strength has been forced, by our example and by the warnings presented by other nations, upon all classes in Europe, the governors and the governed; and Dr. Max Müller says that "every nation at present is trying to improve its material by national education." In this international competition for supreme excellence in the common schools, our republic should be among the first, for the necessity of educating the American children, whether native or foreign-born, for their high duties as sovereign citizens is one that impresses more and more deeply our most far-sighted and earnest thinkers.
Our Association has an opportunity greater, perhaps, than ever before enjoyed by any similar institution of impressing upon the American people the profound importance of their own history, and of the example and counsels of the fathers of the republic in reference to the education of the people. The work so well begun indicates the vastness of the field to be explored, and the gravity of the tasks yet to be accomplished. Dr. Blackmar's treatise on national aid to State education is still to be supplemented by the history of national aid to State education in the public school—aid that in land alone has exceeded the area of Great Britain and Ireland, securing an American education to the children of the Western States, to whom is rapidly passing the controlling power of the republic. The horizon of historic inquiry, as Professor Herbert B. Adams has said, should be enlarged "until the whole field of secondary and school education is embraced in the retrospect"; and he reminded us of the truth, which recalls also the inexorable responsibility of educated Americans, that "the broadening plains are best seen from the hill-tops." Then came the suggestion to which our countrymen will respond, and especially the accomplished educationalists of the republic, who have a right to speak with the power that belongs to knowledge and position, that with a Secretary of Agriculture holding a place in the Cabinet, the Bureau of Instruction should become a Ministry of public instruction, stimulating and strengthening the colleges and universities, as well as the school system of the whole country. Then, too, comes the ardent wish of Washington, embodied in his last will and testament, but still unfilled, of a national university. It is a thought to which the establishment at the capital of a foreign university with a chair devoted to the canon law, a system in antagonism with the Constitution and the common law on which the entire fabric of the Republic rests, gives a new and profound significance.
On all these questions the lessons of history, American and European, throw a world of light, and especially on the point that every teacher in the common school should be well grounded in American history. Whatever the extent, the wealth, or the material power of our country, it will depend chiefly upon the State common school, and its American training, whether she is to retain her manly, independent American character, the chief element of her strength, the only sure guaranty of her continued greatness. Many of our countrymen have indulged the hope, if not the belief, that our republic was destined at no distant time to rule the world more widely than Rome in her proudest days, not by reason of her continual power, but by her example and far-extending influence, non ratione imperii, sed imperio rationis.
If that dream be destined to fulfilment, do not the counsels of our wise citizens, from Washington and Jefferson to our martyr Presidents Lincoln and Garfield, assure us that it will be due to the force of the American idea, taught to the youth of the republic by the inspiring lessons of American history?
John Jay (June 23, 1817–May 5, 1894) was a lawyer, abolitionist, and one of the organizers of the Republican Party in New York.
2. Baccalaureate sermon, preached in the Parker Memorial Church of the Lehigh University, June 16, 1889.
4. At Paris, September 8, 1887.
5. Speech on "Conciliation with America." Works of Edmund Burke, 5th edition, vol. ii., p. 123. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co., 1877.
6. General de Peyster's "Netherlands," p. 23.
7. Paper by Mr. Irving Elting, iv.; Johns Hopkins Studies, quoting Brodhead's "History of the State of New York," 1609–44, p. 192.
8. The New York Observer, December 4, 1890.
9. "Thomas Jefferson's Views on Public Education," by John C. Henderson.


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text:
Q: Problems with running AsyncTask in android java Sorry, this is a duplicate post because I uploaded a version of this earlier but that one does not have any answers which this one has.
I have problems with asyncTask in android programming. I am trying to load a text file in a background thread which is asyncTask. First of all, in my application I send a variable from a class which is controlled by an array-list which is later controlled by a button in a xml-file to the asyncTask class because it chooses an index throug a spinner. When it comes to background thread class it fails since I do not know that part very well. If something was unclear please ask since I am beginner in android programming. Any help is appreciated!
Here is the code for sending a variable:
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_game_action);

    Intent callingIntent = getIntent();
    int index = callingIntent.getIntExtra("INDEX",0);

    if(index==0){

        fileReader_async=new FileReader_async(getApplicationContext(), this);
        fileReader_async.execute("hogskoleprovet.txt");

    }
    else {
        if (index == 1) {
            fileReader_async = new FileReader_async(getApplicationContext(), this);
            fileReader_async.execute("hogskoleprovet.txt");

        } else if (index == 1) {
            fileReader_async = new FileReader_async(getApplicationContext(), this);
            fileReader_async.execute("hogskoleprovet.txt");

       }
    }

    setNewQuestion();

}

Here is the async-Class:
package com.example.arnpet.ultimatehogskoleprovet;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import com.example.arnpet.ultimatehogskoleprovet.Question;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.security.auth.callback.Callback;

public class FileReader_async extends AsyncTask {
private Context context;
private Callback callback;
private List<Question> mQuestions;
public FileReader_async(Context context,Callback callback)
{
    this.callback=callback;
}
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) {
    InputStream iS = null;
    try {
        iS = context.getAssets().open("hogskoleprovet");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(iS));

    mQuestions = new ArrayList<Question>();

    String question, answer, answerOne, answerTwo, answerThree, answerFour;

    try {
        while (reader.readLine() != null) {

            //reading some lines from resource file
            question = reader.readLine();
            answer = reader.readLine();
            answerOne = reader.readLine();
            answerTwo = reader.readLine();
            answerThree = reader.readLine();
            answerFour = reader.readLine();
            Question q = new Question(question, answer, answerOne, answerTwo, answerThree, answerFour);
            mQuestions.add(q);
            break;
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    try {
        reader.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return 0;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object result) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onPostExecute(result);
    callback.notify_result(mQuestions);
}
public interface Callback {

    public void notify_result(List<Question> question_list);

}
public int getQuestionsLeft() {
    return mQuestions.size();
}

public Question getRandomQuestion() {
    Random random = new Random();
    int index = random.nextInt(mQuestions.size());
    Question newQuestion = mQuestions.get(index);
    mQuestions.remove(index);
    return newQuestion;

}

}
A person asked for another class that could be the problem to this:
public class pagebeforeAction extends Activity {

private Spinner spinnerOne;
private Button btnSubmit;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_pagebefore_action);

    spinnerOne = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinnerOne);
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
    list.add("Nivå 1");
    list.add("Nivå 2");
    list.add("Nivå 3");
    list.add("Nivå 4");
    list.add("Nivå 5");

    ArrayAdapter<String> dataAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>
            (this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,list);

    dataAdapter.setDropDownViewResource
            (android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);

    spinnerOne.setAdapter(dataAdapter);

    // Spinner item selection Listener
    addListenerOnSpinnerItemSelection();

}

public void returnOne(View v){
    Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
    Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonTwo);
    startActivity(intent);
}

// Add spinner data

public void addListenerOnSpinnerItemSelection(){

    spinnerOne.setOnItemSelectedListener(new CustomOnItemSelectedListener());
}

//get the selected dropdown list value
public void submit(View v)
{
    Button btnSubmit = (Button) findViewById(R.id.submit);
    Intent intent = new Intent (this, gameAction.class);
    Toast.makeText(pagebeforeAction.this,
            "On Button Click : " +
                    "\n" + String.valueOf(spinnerOne.getSelectedItem()) ,
            Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

    int index = Integer.parseInt(btnSubmit.getTag().toString());
    intent.putExtra("INDEX",index);
    startActivity(intent);

}

05-02 09:04:28.823  29549-29549/com.example.arnpet.ultimatehogskoleprovet E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.example.arnpet.ultimatehogskoleprovet, PID: 29549
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method of the activity
        at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:3969)
        at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:4637)
        at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:19422)
            at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5479)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
        at

A: I solved it by creating a public method in your activity so instead of callback.notify_result(mQuestions) yo will do:
activity.notify_result(mQuestions); in your onPostExecute.
You already have the activity in your Task as context. Just cast it to his name like this:
((ActivityName) context).notify_result(mQuestions);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The staff and customers of Tesco in Carrick-on-Shannon recently raised €1,500 for North West Hospice.
The much needed funds were raised through the Christmas Raffle organised by staff at the Carrick-on-Shannon store. Winners of the raffle were Dermot O'Hara from Boyle, Bernie Dockery from Annaduff and Catherine Clancy from Drumkeerin.
Accepting the cheque from Tesco staff recently, Maeve Butler, Community Relations Co-ordinator with North West Hospice said "We are extremely grateful to the staff of Tesco in Carrick-on-Shannon for their support and for taking the initiative in organising this raffle. Our sincere thanks also goes to the people of the community who supported the raffle and gave so generously. We have to raise EUR1million every year through voluntary contributions, donations and fundraising events to keep our palliative care services in operation. This is a huge task and we can only do it through the generosity of local communities like Carrick-on-Shannon. We greatly appreciate your support".
North West Hospice is dedicated to helping people who are living with life-limiting illness in Sligo, Leitrim, South Donegal and West Cavan to improve their quality of life through the provision of consultant-led specialist palliative care.
Further details are available from www.northwesthospice.ie or on (071) 9143317.


text:
Q: fork() - closing server I have wrote a server program that can handle multiple client by using fork().  I have a signal handler, error checking where needed, and everything works correctly.  I have it set up where if a client enter 'quit', the server should stop accepting connections, let the opened clients finish their communication, and close once all clients are closed.  To do this, whenever 'quit' is entered, I have an int flag that is set to 0.  Since the variables in each child process are only for that process, and do not affect the other child processes or the parent process, I can't keep track of when the flag is set to 0.  In my signal handler I am checking
    if( count == 0 && flag == 0)
    //close server and exit program

count is the number of clients opened which after they are all closed will obviously be zero ( this has been error checked to make sure it is correct).  Does anyone know of a way I can create flag that can be set inside one client, and have that same value for every client?  If that makes sense..  I am coding in C by the way.

A: You need to implement a single server for everyone to speak to, he will broadcast back to all the clients to update them with the client count, but in essence without a lot of complication to speak and keep track of all the other clients is a bit of a challenge.
This would also be a place to route and traffic messages between different clients.
Hopefully this shines some light.

A: The child process receiving the quit command needs to send a signal (such as SIGUSR1 -- I don't recommend SIGTERM for this purpose unless you are going to be closing out all the clients as soon as possible) to its parent, and let the parent set the flag in its memory space in that signal handler.  (The parent can let everyone know its pid by just storing the results of getpid() somewhere.)

A: There are many IPC mechanisms that can do this... in particular semaphores come to mind.  You could create a set of two semaphores, and use one for your child count and one for your quit flag.  When you start your program, the client count would be initialized to zero, and the quit flag would be initialized to one.  When each child is started, it should add one to the client count... and subtract one when it exits.  When a client receives the quit command, it would zero the quit flag.  The main program will know when everything is done when both semaphores reach zero.
Or (if possible) you could just start threads instead of forking processes, and use two global ints for count and flag and a global mutex to protect them.  The pthreads API is fairly easy to use for simple things where not a lot of inter-thread communication needs to occur, and creating a thread is faster than fork+exec.


Pete runs a FinTech software company (Planixs) following a 20 year career in blue-chip consulting firms. Prior to Planixs he worked for Accenture, Deloitte and most recently spent five years as a Partner in PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
Pete's experiences span a range of industries and activities, in particular he has extensive knowledge of both the public sector and the banking industry.
Pete is a graduate of Cambridge University where he studied Engineering and Management Studies.


text:
Ultra Signature's Arinola Okeowo is building businesses that will inspire women to shatter ceilings
Culture Intelligence from RED, Editor's Pick, Share of Voice
August 11, 2020 | Omoleye Omoruyi
Omoleye Omoruyi
Starting up a business in a country like Nigeria, where most of the policies are against your favour, is not a simple task. For a woman, it is even harder. You need not wonder why this is so, not especially when you remember how 'culture and religion' consciously subjugates women, and restricts how far they can go in a conservative society like Nigeria.
Fortunately, we have 'power women' doing great things amid the furore; talk about breaking the walls of closed borders. One of such women is Arinola Okeowo, the CEO at Ultra Signatures – 'an emerging business hub with a variety of value offerings across media, fashion, properties, talent management significantly covering modelling and ushering.'
Arinola is 'an experienced Realtor, a Media practitioner, a well-seasoned sales expert, digital marketing expert and entrepreneur with a huge interest in Fashion, Entertainment.
This is how our conversation went:
How has the journey been leading the team at Ultra Signatures?
Oh well, the journey hasn't been a smooth one, like every other business striving for growth in Nigeria. Especially because Ultra Signatures houses other subsidiaries. There's the clothing line, there's the agribusiness which specialises in crop and livestock production. We have a media firm where we do brand management, brand consultancy, media consultancy etc. We also have the modelling arm where we supply ushers for corporate and social events.
So, it's really tasking, but constantly reminding myself on why I started the company in the first place has kept me on track and with that, we keep overcoming the barriers thrown our way as we make efforts to be the best.
At first, Ultra Signatures started off as a 'one-woman' show, I was the only one handling all of the major work the company, but now, I have other hands onboard assisting me. I do not like to call them workers or employees, I prefer to address them as partners in progress who are assisting in building the dream. We work together on the farm, run the media arm together to ensure it delivers and gives clients the best value.
Ultra Signatures also has a board of directors that sees to the general running of the company so I am just grateful to God for where we are currently.
What are the significant hurdles you've passed through in your journey?
I think the major and most significant hurdle was starting up. Being the only one running a business with big dreams. Dreams bigger than this young lady who just wants to make an impact and doesn't want to be limited by cultural and other barriers the society has set against the growth of women and young business owners.
Convincing prospective clients that I am good at what I do, I can be trusted with every penny they intend to part with, they can trust my company with their brand etc. has also been a major challenge, but we are growing and overcoming.
Another hurdle that reared its ugly head in the agribusiness arm of the company is the recent lockdown imposed to contain the spread of COVID-19. Our farm is located in Epe, Lagos, and the restrictions on movement in March really affected the business. There are several other hurdles from government policies and the challenge of regulators that has dissuaded us from going into other new business ventures we plan to launch this year, but those are just normal as a business owner, you can't expect everything to always run smoothly or as planned, that's just almost impossible.
Changes, in all ramifications, come every time. Is there something you do differently to approach change? Especially as there's a pandemic currently ravaging economies.
Well, in business, I have learnt that If you do not move, you will be moved or people will move away from you. You need to follow the trend closely and adjust or you will be sent out permanently.
Before now, our farm was strictly offline, you had to travel all the way down to the farm to have access to our produce but since the outbreak of the pandemic, we had to take it online. Also, other members of the team had to embrace working from home and this actually made us realise that aside from the production aspect of the clothing business, we really do not have to be physically present to get things done.
So now, we restricted production days to twice in a week, we now receive orders online and send them out through dispatch riders for our farming business.
What if Artificial Intelligence comes on board to do the same thing you do?
For the kind of business we run at Ultra Signatures, it's almost impossible to have machines absolutely replace us. There's still a need for the human factor or contact. For a machine to make clothing, you need the human to direct it. Even though we operate mechanised farming, you still need humans to monitor and put things right.
As much as I know artificial intelligence is gradually taking over, I am confident that the human brain will still be highly needed to conceptualise ideas that AI will run with, you will still need humans to create media strategies, though we might have to reduce the number of personnel. When we get to that bridge, we will definitely cross it.
Is there something you hope changed about your industry in Nigeria?
Oh my! there's a whole lot.
So many things have to change with the way we run business in Nigeria.
Firstly, for our clothing line, our major nightmare is intellectual theft. We have an in house graphics artist that brings most of our ideas to life before we transfer them on clothing. And, after we release these designs, we start seeing others in the industry steal that idea exactly as they are.
Meanwhile, I am glad the federal government recently banned the importation of maize. With an abundance of land, Nigeria can afford to produce food to feed its citizens and neighbouring countries. But, it's really sad that we still depend on the importation of farm produce.
The proximity of our products to market, getting good pricing for your produce, adding value to your produce so it can command good prices in the market. Enabling business environment, good and supportive government policies that enable small businesses to thrive rather than strangulate them are the huge threats we have faced, I could really go on and on.
I really do hope these changes.
Another decade has started and people like you with it. What should we expect from you and Ultra Signatures? This time as a change agent.
Expect something great, something different, something beyond the norm.
Our aim at Ultra Signatures is to be one of the leading business enterprises in Africa. We are building an empire, a responsible business culture that's customer-centric. We are building something phenomenal, one that will inspire women – both young and old, and challenge them to shatter glass ceilings and break down any barrier set to limit them.
We are going to change how the farming business is in Lagos and Nigeria as a whole, providing every household with fresh farm produce when they need it.
What don't we know about you?
I think I appear to a lot of people as a workaholic but what most people don't know is that I'm a goal-getter who goes beyond the surface to get things done.
What are you into outside of work?
I watch a lot of movies, I am a family person too, I love to spend quality time with family and friends.
Omoleye Omoruyi… an apprentice web/game developer, novelist, sensitive to happenings in the world. Meet him @Lord_rickie on Twitter/Instagram
Tags: Arinola Okeowo, Ultra Signatures
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Wonderful Wasteland
Randy Mora
Seeking a Voice, via a Bilingual M.F.A., in Writing and in Life (via NY Times)
Elidio La Torre Lagares
When the discussion warms up in Andrea Cote-Botero's graduate seminar, English and Spanish flow freely, just as they do amid the afternoon foot traffic across the nearby Ciudad Juárez border. In the country's only bilingual M.F.A. creative writing program, at the University of Texas at El Paso, students on this day are comparing how F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gabriel García Márquez depict West Egg and Macondo, the respective settings of their classic novels.
Many of the students around the table comment in Spanish, sometimes switching languages to highlight a point for the native English speakers. Ms. Cote-Botero hangs back, periodically interjecting in either language. A student from Mexico City consults another from Las Vegas on a passage in Fitzgerald's "Great Gatsby," occasionally glancing at Google Translate on a laptop.
El Paso's Masters of Fine Arts program, started in 2006, draws mostly local residents from both sides of the border. A dozen of the 20 students are native Spanish speakers, and all speak at least some English and Spanish. They are motivated by the desire to write and read in another tongue, and to study with professors versed in other cultures. One student, a Texan of Palestinian descent, hopes the program will help her better express herself in Arabic.
While El Paso's program is a unique educational experience, creative writing programs across the country are developing Spanish-based curriculums — a growth reflecting the nation's changing demographics: Spanish is the primary language of more than 40 million people in the United States, up from 32 million in 2005, according to Census Bureau estimates.
Among the emerging programs, California State University in Los Angeles will offer its own bilingual M.F.A. next year. Hofstra University in Hempstead, N.Y., will start a Spanish-language creative writing degree in 2018, similar to one already in place at New York University. Students in the Spanish-language program and its English counterpart at the University of Iowa are now being encouraged to take each other's classes.
And while recovering from Hurricane Harvey this semester, the University of Houston started a Ph.D. with a Spanish-language concentration that emphasizes literary scholarship as much as writing (students must include a theoretical analysis with their creative writing dissertation).
"I see all these programs as a unit of sorts," said Houston's director, Cristina Rivera-Garza, "a group interested in developing the writers of the 21st century: bilingual, diverse and representative of the communities thriving in the United States."
The Houston and Cal State programs are also developing activist efforts to support local Hispanic populations (Houston's has grown by more than 200,000 from 2000 to 2016; Los Angeles County's by about 600,000). Cal State's program director, Alex Espinoza, said its students will help residents in largely Spanish-speaking East L.A. write biographical narratives that counter those "too often generalized in the media" — and by the Trump administration.
Whatever their proficiency, students must grapple with both languages, said José de Piérola, the El Paso program director. "It can be a shock to be stressed in this way, but it makes you grow."CreditIvan Pierre Aguirre for The New York Times
Indeed, these programs could be seen as something of an artistic challenge to the administration's stance on Hispanic immigrants, represented by its plans to revoke the DACA program protecting undocumented students from deportation, the proposed Mexican border wall, and the removal this year of the White House Spanish-language website.
Collectively, the programs could play a significant role in developing young writers who publicly voice varied aspects of the Hispanic experience.
The Juárez-El Paso geography — two communities intertwined culturally and economically, separated by a parched Rio Grande barely waist deep — is a topic the students and professors have explored in their literary work. Perhaps the starkest difference between the cities is the drug-related violence on the Juárez side, which they depict with disturbing visceral images and blunt, uncensored vocabulary.
Juárez-El Paso is the largest metropolitan area on the border, with a combined population of more than two million, but the walk from downtown Juárez to downtown El Paso takes less than half an hour.
Alessandra Narváez-Varela used to walk across that border almost every day from Juárez to classes at the University of Texas, and to help out in the restaurant her family owns in El Paso. She has a B.S. in biology and a B.A. in creative writing. She spent a year in medical school, but "it didn't feel like it was supposed to feel," she said. Poetry did. Now 31, in El Paso's bilingual M.F.A. program, she is writing to reconcile her dual identity and to give voice to women's issues, especially involving female anatomy, that initially drew her to medicine. "Once you have that kind of conversation with the body you can't let it go," she said.
Oddly, while Ms. Narváez-Varela's deepest roots lie in Spanish, she did not feel confident composing poetry in her native language. Her college writing had always been in English. "Maybe the Spanish speaker in me felt relegated to second-class-citizen status after adopting English as the language for my poetry," she said.
I attended a presentation Ms. Narváez-Varela gave at a national writer's conference in Los Angeles in which she explained how a workshop in the program had helped her find her Spanish voice.
She had written a poem in Spanish called "Ovarian Cancer," filled with graphic imagery (she compared cancer to a bleeding fetus). Classmates had told her the beat pattern didn't flow and criticized her use of rhyme. Ms. Narváez-Varela realized she had been unconsciously translating from English. She projected on a screen a copy of the poem, hand-edited by classmates, and an English translation, pointing out to the audience phrases she had originally conceived in English.
"Spanish, and the way it's used to create music in poetry, differs radically in terms of syllables and rhyme," she discovered. "It was a humbling workshop for me, but an enlightening one, too."
Ms. Narváez-Varela went on to explore Mexican and American identities using Spanglish, the mixing of languages in the same sentences. In her poem "Real Mexican," she describes, in raw and troubling language, a Mexican-American ex-convict so confused about his Hispanic identity he doesn't know what name to call himself. In the opening line the character says: "Tony, Toño, Antonio, Anthony, it doesn't matter, honey...."
"I had never before adopted a persona that explored Spanglish's complexity and its meaning to me as a Mexican citizen naturalized in the U.S.," Ms. Narváez-Varela said. "I realized this was a projection of my own anxieties as a Mexican-American. I had unconsciously judged others by the way they spoke Spanglish." She said she was trying to show how the character's use of Spanglish "is a vital manifestation of his identity as a marginalized member of both societies."
Writing the poem helped her see the artistry of "a language as valid and beautiful as English or Spanish, as hybrid as African-American English, and therefore as deserving of a place in poetry." Huizache, a journal of Latino literature, has just published "Real Mexican."
Many important Hispanic fiction writers have attended traditional M.F.A. programs. I spoke with three of the masters — Sandra Cisneros, Junot Díaz and Esmeralda Santiago — about how they bridge two languages in their writing and about their graduate school experience. Each said that their M.F.A. programs did not recognize the Spanish-speaking side of their identities, either by assigning Latino authors or by supporting the Spanish element of their work.
Sandra Cisneros said that her thesis adviser criticized her use of language, impeding her connection to Spanish.CreditRussell Contreras/Associated Press
Ms. Cisneros, who is Mexican-American, described an interaction with her thesis adviser at the prestigious Iowa Writers' Workshop when she began writing "The House on Mango Street."
She had written the novella in English but inflected it with Spanish phrasings. The adviser criticized her for overusing the word "little," unaware how frequently the suffix "ito" — for little or cute — is used in Spanish.
The incident, she said, impeded her connection to Spanish. "I didn't realize it until after I'd left Iowa," Ms. Cisneros said. "I was writing a letter in Spanish and I thought, this is the voice of 'The House on Mango Street.'"
In her choice of a single word in her native language, Ms. Cisneros was able to greatly affect meaning.
When she named the young narrator of "The House on Mango Street" Esperanza, she wasn't just giving her a pretty name. "Esperanza" can mean waiting, expectation or hope in English. In the story, the girl poetically expresses a blend of feelings about her name, saying, "In Spanish, it means too many letters. It means sadness, it means waiting. It is like the number nine. A muddy color."
"I wanted it to be a traditional name that wouldn't translate well into U.S. culture," Ms. Cisneros said, "as well as one that would mean wish, desire and hope."
"Some words refuse translations," said the Pulitzer Prize-winning writer Junot Díaz.CreditAlejandro Garcia/European Pressphoto Agency
Mr. Díaz, a Pulitzer Prize-winning Dominican-American writer, attended Cornell University's M.F.A. program and now teaches at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In graduate education, he advocates for "ties to scholars working on the intersections of languages, on Creoles, on multilingualism."
He explained his own mental translation process this way: "If I'm writing a character who is Spanish dominant, they talk and think within me in Spanish and I translate most of it into English. Some words refuse translations — sometimes it's the joy of the word, or the energy it pulses with in the original Spanish sentence." For example, Mr. Diaz freely employs English expletives in his work, but sometimes opts for rough Spanish equivalents.
Ms. Santiago, author of the memoir "When I Was Puerto Rican" and an M.F.A. graduate of Sarah Lawrence College, writes entire drafts bilingually. "I write as fast as I can and don't worry whether what appears on the page is in English or in Spanish," she said. "Later, when I'm editing, I will translate almost all of the Spanish into English if it's for publication in that language. English and Spanish are for me the same language."
In the El Paso program, faculty members strive to respond effectively to students who write in English, Spanish or both. Professors try to accommodate students in individual conferences by working in their preferred language. "I'll speak in English and they'll speak in Spanish," said Daniel Chacón, one of 10 faculty members. "Then I might reiterate and clarify in Spanish."
Whatever their level of proficiency, students must grapple with both languages. "They have to make the effort to bridge the gap," said the director, José de Piérola. "It can be a shock to be stressed in this way, but it makes you grow."
In one of Mr. de Piérola's workshops, a student who spoke little Spanish led a group critique of a student's short story. The story was in English, but he could not understand the group members who spoke in Spanish, and had to turn for explanations to fully bilingual classmates.
Many of the readings are available in translation, but even the students who feel challenged reading in the second language are encouraged to wrestle with the original texts. Some rely on tools like Google Translate, despite its limitations for interpreting literary language.
"When the Spanish speakers read American poets in English and vice versa, it changes their relationship to their own tradition," Ms. Cote-Botero said.
She described how she might teach students to experiment with their writing by contrasting English and Spanish versions of the sonnet. She explained that Shakespeare standardized the English line using a steady five-beat pattern. "It's closest to English speech and to the heartbeat," she said.
One widely quoted example is Shakespeare's opening line "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The Spanish form, on the other hand, is based on a 14-syllable line. When students "mix the two, interesting things appear," she said. By remaining "inside the boundaries of your own tradition you're more at risk for repeating yourself."
With a bilingual approach, Mr. Chacón said, "you can play with your own language a little more. James Joyce was able to play with language because he grew up with Gaelic and paid attention to its sound."
To expose his students to writing styles in other languages, he adds to his reading lists translations of Japanese Zen koans and the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle.
By encouraging students to explore different literary traditions and settings, the El Paso program is about more than just two languages.
Looking back as she approaches graduation next month (her thesis is a book of poetry about women), Ms. Narváez-Varela said that writing bilingually has pushed her beyond her comfort zone. This was a key reason she chose the program, and she hopes to carry that experience into a community college teaching position.
As a Mexican woman exploring life beyond the border, she will continue through her poems, she said, to "ask the hard questions, and expect no answers, or several, as playfully and passionately as possible."
Erik Gleibermann is director of the writing program Socratics Mentoring, based in San Francisco.
A version of this article appears in print on November 5, 2017, on Page ED20 of Education Life with the headline: Finding a Voice in Two Languages. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe
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text:
Das Corps Borussia Berlin ist eine Studentenverbindung im Berliner Senioren-Convent (KSCV). Die Berliner Preußen  sind Studenten und Alumni der Berliner Hochschulen.

Couleur und Wahlspruch
Wie jedes Kösener Corps steht Borussia Berlin zu Mensur und Couleur. Borussia führt die Hohenzollernfarben schwarz-weiß mit silberner Perkussion; das Band ist überbreit. Die Studentenmütze ist schwarz. Die Füchse tragen die Farben weiß-schwarz-weiß mit silberner Perkussion; das Fuchsband ist von normaler Breite. Aufgrund enger persönlicher Verbindungen zu Wilhelm I. durfte Borussia Berlin als einzige Korporation sowohl den schwarzen preußischen als auch den roten märkischen Adler im Studentenwappen führen. Der Wahlspruch des Corps ist Nec temere nec timide!

Geschichte

Gestiftet wurde das Corps Borussia Berlin am 28. Mai 1873 unter dem Namen Corps Rhenania Berlin mit den Farben hellblau-weiß-rot. Es ist der Nachfolger des 1866 gegründeten Vereins jüngerer Künstler Roma, zu dessen Mitgliedern die Bildhauer Moritz Castan, Richard Anders und August Volz; die Landschaftsmaler Julius Bodenstein und Colmar Schmidt sowie der Porträtmaler Eugen Fridrich gehörten. Rhenania trat in ein befreundetes Verhältnis mit dem Corps Baltia Königsberg. Für den SC zu Leipzig war Max Robert Hein 1875 Vorsitzender des Kösener Congresses.

Aufgrund eines Pistolenduells wurde das Corps Rhenania am 9. Dezember 1882 von der Universität suspendiert. Schon am selben Tag wurde dafür "Borussia" mit den Farben schwarz-weiß-hellblau gestiftet. Borussia verzichtete am 5. Juli 1887 auf eine Rekonstitution der Rhenania und änderte die Farben in schwarz-weiß mit silberner Perkussion. Am 28. April 1898 nahm Borussia die Aktiven der Landsmannschaft "Palaiomarchia" auf, die wegen der Krise im Coburger Landsmannschafter-Convent ausgetreten waren.

Durch eine Verfügung des Kreisleiters der Deutschen Studentenschaft wurde Borussia mit 46 anderen Korporationen am 29. März 1934 aufgelöst; die Auflösung wurde auf Beschwerde hin aber schon am 5. April 1934 wieder aufgehoben. Nach der Auflösung des HKSCV am 28. September 1935 suspendierte Borussia am 17. April 1936. Ab 1938 betreute sie mit den anderen Kösener Corps in Berlin die SC-Kameradschaft mit dem vorläufigen Namen "von Zweydorff".

Mit Wilhelm Wölfing segelte Erich Volz auf der Ettsi IV die Ozean-Wettfahrt Bermuda-Cuxhaven 1936 unter der Flagge der Wassersportlichen Vereinigung Alter Corpsstudenten.

Borussias Altherrenverein wurde am 24. März 1951 reaktiviert. Am 26. Januar 1952 rekonstituierten die Alten Herren Fritz Scherner I, Hans Helmut Lohkamp, Heinz-Theodor Barthold und Herbert Franke das Corps im KSCV. Wie 1962 war Borussia 2012/13 präsidierendes Vorortcorps des KSCV.

Corpshäuser

Im Sommersemester 1892 wurde das erste von fünf Corpshäusern bezogen. Es ist das Hotel Kronprinz in der Luisenstraße 30. Es folgten Häuser in der Linienstr. 107/108, der Detmolder Str. 12 in Wilmersdorf (1912), der Thielallee 20 und letztlich das Haus in der Douglasstraße 22 in Grunewald.

Verhältniscorps
Das Corps Borussia unterhält Kartellbeziehungen zu Franconia Würzburg, Bavaria Erlangen, Makaria München und Schacht Leoben. Ein Vorstellungsverhältnis besteht mit Athesia in Innsbruck. Mit Littuania in Königsberg wurde bis zu ihrer Suspension (1936) ein befreundetes Verhältnis gepflegt.

Mitglieder

 Richard Anders (1853–1917), Bildhauer
 Kurt Bingel (1906–1966), Virologe
 Julius Bodenstein (1847–1932), Landschaftsmaler und Kunstsammler
 Max Breitung (1852–1921), Professor der Medizin und Schriftsteller
 Otto Eckart (1936–2016), Lebensmittelunternehmer, Stifter
 Friedrich von Gottl-Ottlilienfeld (1868–1958), Staatswissenschaftler und Nationalökonom
 Hans-Albrecht Herzner (1907–1942), Abwehroffizier
 Werner Kogge (1887–1973), Landrat in Greifswald (Fischerteppiche)
 Friedrich Ernst Freiherr von Langen (1860–1935), Rittergutsbesitzer und Reichstagsabgeordneter
 Walther Rimarski (1874–1963), Präsident der Chemisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt
 Klaus Robock (1931–1991), Physiker
 Gerhard Schmatz (1929–2005), Notar, Extrem-Bergsteiger
 Julius von Schütz (1853–1910), Ingenieur im Stahlbau (Gruson, Krupp)
 Hans-Joachim Schulz-Merkel (1913–2000), Sanitätsoffizier und Medizinalbeamter
 Arthur Thiele (1871–1961), Industriemanager
 August Volz (1851–1926), Bildhauer
 Oskar Zeller (1863–1949), Chirurg

Siehe auch
 Borussia (Studentenverbindung)
 Corps#Preußen

Literatur
 Georg Bremer und Joachim Hauer: Handbuch der Berliner Preußen. Berlin 1983, DNB.
 Paulgerhard Gladen: Die Kösener und Weinheimer Corps. Ihre Darstellung in Einzelchroniken. WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2007, ISBN 978-3-933892-24-9, S. 32.

Weblinks

 Corps Borussia Berlin

Einzelnachweise

Anmerkungen

Borussia Berlin
Borussia
Berlin-Grunewald
Gegründet 1873

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus has been particularly concerned with how subsequent information can affect an eyewitness's account of an event," said Saul McLeod at Simply Psychology. A witness's memory can be affected simply by the way a question is phrased, and when exposed to new ideas about something they've seen, those ideas become a filter through which they reinterpret their experience.
The difference of one word altered eyewitness estimates by as much as 9mph.
In another experiment, participants were questioned a week after the fact on whether or not they had seen broken glass in the videos. Those in the first group, who had heard the collision described with the word "smash," were 2-3 times more likely to say they had seen broken glass than those who'd heard it described with the word "hit." There was no broken glass in the film.
Point being, when people receive information after an event has taken place, it can put a spin on their memory. It can even alter their perception of the original event, causing them to "remember" things that never happened. For insurers processing a claim, that's a problem.
How to eliminate human error in crash reconstruction?
The only way to eliminate human error is to get your data from something other than a human. Photos, in other words, don't lie. Neither does insurance telematics data.
In this mobile era, photos are easy to come by. Insureds are generally eager to document accident scenes by using the handheld cameras they carry with them at all times: their smartphones. As for geolocation, velocity and the like, that's easy to come by, too. Smartphone telematics can be called upon to report just what the conditions were when an incident occurred. That's valuable information for claims.
How to ensure accuracy in crash reconstruction? Don't just ask the drivers involved. Ask their smartphones. Click here to learn the many ways smartphone telematics can help your organization perform smarter.


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Our enemy artwork project continues with a third batch of art. The goal of this project is to establish quality artwork for all of the Majora's Mask Enemies that appear in the game. In this latest batch we have a total of 23 pieces of artwork, some being simple hand drawn artwork, while there also some other very detailed pieces. Thanks to all the artists that have submitted artwork for the project and if you are interested in participating, it is not too late. More details, along with a gallery of artwork after the jump.
Blue Bubble – Sent in by Luis.