text:
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    <description>Common configuration settings for all bonaparte JPA projects</description>
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                                <directory>test-output</directory>
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Are you planning a Smoky Mountain Vacation or Gatlinburg family reunion and looking for a photographer? I'm here to help! We can work together to capture your large or small family at their best.
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The idea of saints and sainthood are familiar to all, irrelevant of religious faith. In this Very Short Introduction, Simon Yarrow looks at the origins, ideas, and definitions of sainthood, sanctity, and saints in the early Church, tracing their development in history and explaining the social roles saints played in the ancient, medieval, and modern worlds.
Along the way, Yarrow considers the treatment of saints as objects of literary and artistic expression and interpretation, and as examples of idealized male and female heroism, and compares Christian saints and holy figures to venerated figures in other religious cultures, including Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. He concludes by considering the experiences of devotees to saints, and looking at how saints continue to be a powerful presence in our modern world.
Simon Yarrow was Past and Present Research Fellow at the Institute of Historical Research, London, and worked at St. Mary's University College, Birkbeck College, and the University of Liverpool, before taking up a Lectureship at the University of Birmingham in 2004. From 2011-13 he spent two years as Visiting Fellow at the University of Connecticut Humanities Institute. He is the author of Saints and Their Communities: Miracle Stories in Twelfth Century England (OUP, 2006).


Doomsday appears as he did in the best-selling DC comic of all time, Superman #75, where this menace from the stars killed the Man of Steel. This fully articulated figure stands 9" tall and in scale to the 6" tall Superman™ figure. He includes the shredded cape of Superman™, which is removable, and arrives in huge window box packaging celebrating the completion of the 6" DCU Signature Series line.


text:
Freshwater Fishing Tips
Trout Fishing Tips
How Lake Trout Fishing Works
By: Sarah Siddons
Lake Trout Fishing Conditions
Lake trout respond to warmer weather by going deeper. They're not afraid of the sun -- they're just following baitfish. Of course, the location of the baitfish also depends on the lake: where it gets its water; whether it has formations such as inlets, shoals and sandbars; and how big it is. Take the time to research your location.
The best time of year for lake trout is often early spring. They're hungry, and they're not very discriminating about when and where they feed. That means they're easier to catch throughout the day. If the lake has only recently lost its ice, the lake trout may be right at the surface. Later in spring, they may be as low as 45 feet (13 meters) deep.
In summer, lakers swim low -- down to 100 feet (30.5 meters) in some places. They're also pickier about water conditions and feeding times. Look for calm water, and try fishing between dawn and midmorning, or at twilight. In general, you'll have better luck on an overcast day, when there's less sunlight penetrating the depths and baitfish and game fish alike feel more comfortable venturing out for a meal.
You can usually fish for lake trout until about October in the Northern Hemisphere, but in late fall, the northern lakes start to ice over. Lake trout spawn around October, which can make them more visible and more prone to take risks. If you fish during the trout spawn, remember not to overfish; you need to leave some lake trout to spawn so they'll always be around.
As you probably know, a warm, fine rain can draw fish to the surface. On a rainy day, watch the water for the movements of minnows and other baitfish. You might see them scatter suddenly. That means there's a predator -- such as a lake trout -- in the vicinity.
Watch the weather report. In general, avoid fishing for a few days after a cold front. Warm fronts can bring the fish out. If the day is windy, cast from the side of the lake the wind is blowing from. [Source: Skrzec] If you're on a boat, find a bit of shelter, and then cast with the wind.
So how do you actually catch these fish? You have some options: jigging and trolling. (They're not just for singles bars any more!) Read on to learn more.
Threats to Lake Trout and Weather Safety
Lake trout are near the top of the underwater food chain, so you might think their population is relatively stable. Not so. They're especially vulnerable to DDT, which accumulates in their fatty tissues, as it does in many predators' bodies. And in the Great Lakes, they've met with unexpected predation from sea lamprey, an invasive species. Several organizations are working to reduce lamprey numbers and re-stabilize the lake trout population. You can help too; make sure you're familiar with all conservation measures in your area.
Though a light rain can be useful, anything heavier reduces the likelihood you'll get a bite. More importantly, it can be dangerous to you. Keep an eye out for lightning. And if the wind is high and the water's especially choppy, don't go out in your boat. Lake trout won't be biting much anyway.
Sarah Siddons "How Lake Trout Fishing Works" 20 November 2008.
HowStuffWorks.com. <https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/outdoor-activities/fishing/freshwater-tips/trout/lake-trout-fishing.htm> 21 January 2022

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Y Touring Theatre Company was a national touring theatre company which produced original plays and debates exploring contemporary issues. It was founded in 1989 by Nigel Townsend. The company was based in Kings Cross, London, England and was a former operation of Central YMCA.

In 2014 Y Touring Theatre Company was closed.

The company is now extending the work through digital media.

Y Touring Theatre Company history
Y Touring produced 54 regional, national and international tours of plays by professional playwrights including Judith Johnson, Judy Upton, Jonathan Hall, Nicola Baldwin and Rhiannon Tise, reportedly reaching over 2 million young people in schools, youth clubs, community venues, studio theatres, prisons and young offenders centres.

Y Touring's first production was 'The Inner Circle' by Patricia Loughrey, originally commissioned by The New Conservatory Theatre Centre in San Francisco, adapting it for British young people's audiences. This play told the story of a group of four friends, one of whom had been infected by HIV and went on to develop AIDS and die.

Theatre of Debate
Y Touring's projects generally followed a 'Theatre of Debate' model. Each project consists of a play aiming to engage its audience in an informed debate about a specific subject. The play is followed by a live debate between the actors (who remain in character) and the audience.

Y Touring / Theatre of Debate Productions
2014
Y Touring Theatre Company was closed in 2014.

2011
Dayglo by Abi Bown  which explored the ethical and scientific issues around Pharmacogenetics.

2011
Mind the Gap * by Abi Bown(Revival of 2004 production)
Was performed at Royal Albert Hall as part of National Science & Engineering Week
Mind the Gap was filmed and broadcast in 8 cinemas nationwide, click here  for details.
This production won the Runner-Up of the National Science and Engineering Week 2011 Best Science Event category

2009 'Breathing Country'  by Ben Musgrave is a play which explores the issues raised by the use of electronic patient records in medical research. The production was developed in partnership with the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) and was supported by the Wellcome Trust and Central YMCA.
The play was shortlisted for the Brian Way Award 2010 for best play for young people.
The project's advisory panel included the following:
Professor Simon Wessely MD FMedSci, professor of epidemiological and liaison psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, and honorary consultant psychiatrist at King's and Maudsley Hospitals
Dr Trevor Yellon, general practitioner, The Killick Street Community Health Centre, Kings Cross
Marlene Winfield OBE, director for patients and public at NHS Connecting for Health
Martyn Thomas FREng, director and principal consultant, Martyn Thomas Associates.
Gus Hosein, visiting fellow, London School of Economics

2009 'Starfish' by Judith Johnson is a play which explores the issues raised by clinical trials. The project was funded by the Wellcome Trust.
The Daily Telegraph article about 'Starfish' commented on that the play that, 'The heartfelt response to this tear-jerking story of love, romance and grief was all the more surprising given that the play was also an attempt to explore the issues surrounding clinical trials in medicine.'

The project's Advisory Panel included the following:
Sir Iain Chalmers, Editor, James Lind Library
Dr David Tovey, Editorial Director, BMJ Knowledge
Professor Simon Wessely, MD FMedSci, Professor of Epidemiological and Liaison Psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist at King's and Maudsley Hospitals
Lester Firkins, Employed by the Department of Health and the Medical Research Council as a lay representative for various areas of concern
David Kaskel, CEO and Managing Director, Languagelab.com
Professor Max Parmar, Joint Director of the UK Clinical Research Network, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Associate Director of the National Cancer Research Network
Professor Janet Darbyshire, Joint Director of the UK Clinical Research Network
Dr Sophie Petit-Zeman, Head of External Relations, Association of Medical Research Charities

2008
'The Projectionist' by Laura FitzGerald is an audio play/podcast exploring social, moral, scientific and political questions posed by the rise of a privacy and surveillance society. The production was developed in partnership with the Royal Academy of Engineering.
The project's advisory panel included the following:
Nigel Gilbert, professor, Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Guildford
Martyn Thomas FREng, director and principal consultant, Martyn Thomas Associates
Colin Langham-Fitt, formerly deputy chief constable, Suffolk Constabulary
Charlie Edwards, senior researcher Demos (UK think tank)
Dr Ian Forbes, social science consultant & Director
Gus Hosein, visiting fellow in the Information Systems Group at the London School of Economics and Political Science

2007
'Nobody Lives Forever' by Judith Johnson, exploring the social, moral, scientific and political questions raised by stem cell research. The production was developed in partnership with the Association of Medical Research Charities (AMRC) and was supported by the Medical Research Council (UK) (MRC), the Department of Health, Action Medical Research and the Royal Albert Hall.
The project's Advisory Panel included the following:
Dr Sophie Petit-Zeman, Head of External Relations, Association of Medical Research Charities
Dr Calum MacKellar, Director of Research, Scottish Council on Human Bioethics
Dr Robin Lovell-Badge, Head of Developmental Genetics, MRC National Institute for Medical Research
Josephine Quintavalle, CORE - Comment on Reproductive Ethics
Dr Donald Bruce, formerly Director of Society, Religion and Technology Project, Church of Scotland
Dr Stephen Minger, Lecturer in Biomolecular Sciences at King's College London

2007
'Full Time' by Rachel Wagstaff is a play that explores racism, homophobia and sexism in football. The production was developed in partnership with the Football Association and the Women's Sports Foundation (WSF). The project was supported by the Football Foundation and Central YMCA.
The project's Advisory Panel included the following:
Cassie Smith, National Development Manager, Women's Sport and fitness Foundation
Chris Lillistone, Research and Information Coordinator, Women's Sport and fitness Foundation
Lucy Faulkner, Equality Manager, The Football Association
Leon Mann, Europe and Media Relations Officer, Kick It Out
Johan Jensen, Education Officer, Stonewall
Adam Banda, Homeless World Cup
Tony Peacock, Homeless World Cup
Lorraine Deschamps, Director, Sporting Equals
Meg Ryan, Teacher, Redden Court School

2006
'Every Breath' by Judith Johnson, exploring the social, moral, scientific and political questions raised by the use of animals in medical research. This production was developed in partnership with the Association of Medical Research charities.
The project's Advisory Panel included the following:
Dr. Jarrod Bailey, Science Director, Europeans for Medical Progress
Alistair Currie, formerly Campaigns Director, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection
Vicky Cowell, Director, Seriously Ill for Medical Research
Dr. Penny Hawkins Deputy Head, Research Animals Department, RSPCA
Betty McBride, Marketing and Communications Director, British Heart Foundation
Professor John Martin, Director Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, UCL
Dr. Sophie Petit-Zeman, Director of Public Dialogue, Association of Medical Research Charities
Dr. Janet Radcliffe Richards, Lecturer in the Philosophy of Medicine, UCL
Harald Schmidt, Assistant Director, Nuffield Council on Bioethics

* 2004
'Mind the Gap' by Abi Bown, exploring the social, moral, scientific and political questions raised by advances in neuroscience. This production was developed in partnership with The European DANA Alliance for the Brain.
The project's Advisory Panel included the following:
James Butcher, Editor, Lancet Neurology
Prof Russell Foster, Head of the Department of Integrative and Molecular Neuroscience, Imperial College
Prof Sir Michael Rutter, formerly Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London
Prof Steven Rose, Director of Brain and Behaviour Research Group, Open University
Prof Richard Ashcroft, Medical Ethics Unit, Imperial College

2000
'Learning to Love the Grey' by Jonathan Hall, exploring the social, moral, scientific and political questions raised by advances in Cloning and stem cell therapy. Developed in partnership with, and supported by, the Wellcome Trust.

1999'Sweet As You Are' by Jonathan Hall, exploring the social, moral, scientific and political questions raised by the Genetic Modification of crops. Developed in partnership with, and supported by, the John Innes Centre and the Teachers Scientist network.
The play won a fringe first award at the Edinburgh festival 1999

1997
'Pig in the Middle' by Judy Upton, exploring the social, moral, scientific and political questions raised by advances in Xenotransplantation (animal to human transplants). Developed in partnership with the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
The project's Advisory Panel included the following:
Dr John Dunning, Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon
Paula Keenan & Vanessa Morgan, Transplant Coordinators
Prof Mark Wolpert, then Prof of Medicine, Member of Nuffield Council's Working Party on ethics of animal to human transplants
Susan Frade, Transplant Recipient
Andrew Tyler, Director Animal Aid

1996'Cracked' by Nicola Baldwin, exploring the biological basis of mental illness and depression in particular. Developed in partnership with The Mental Health Foundation, supported by the Wellcome Trust.
The project's Advisory Panel included the following:
Dr Sophie Petit Zeman
Professor Roy Porter
Dr Michael O'Donovan, Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, University of Wales College of Medicine
Professor Chris Fairburn, University of Oxford
Professor Lewis Wolpert

1995
'The Gift' by Nicola Baldwin, exploring the social, moral, scientific and political questions raised by advances in Genetic selection.
Developed with Prof Bernadette Modell supported by the Wellcome Trust.

Digital Media
Y Touring produced, in partnership with Maverick Productions, a three-part adaptation of 'Learning to Love the Grey' and a three-part drama 'Making Astronauts', a drama which complements the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' report on the ethics of research into the relationship between genes and behaviour. Both of these dramas were commissioned by the Open University's Open Science programme.

Patrons
Melvyn Bragg and Dame Joan Bakewell

Actors the company have worked with

 Adam Deacon
Craig Roberts
 Elyes Gabel

References

Theatre companies in London
Entertainment companies established in 1989
Touring theatre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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What follows is the first in a projected, short series of posts that will review the chromolithograph's own history; its testimony to the antebellum appearance, development, and self-image of Fredericksburg; and its documentation of the wartime landscape of 1862, six years into the future–little changed in some aspects from the picture of 1856 but altered markedly in others.
Edward Sachse & Co. of Baltimore published View of Fredericksburg, VA in 1856. Sachse & Co., which had already produced panoramic views of Alexandria and Washington, D.C., as well as of Baltimore, began work on the Fredericksburg picture by dispatching an artist, or artists, to the town. Judging from John W. Reps' book, Views and Viewmakers of Urban American, Sachse artist James T. Palmatary was probably responsible for walking Fredericksburg and its outskirts and preparing at least some of the reference sketches in 1855 and/or 1856. These were then compiled as a master drawing, which back in Baltimore was etched onto smoothed pieces of limestone for printing.
Preparation of the master drawing had involved a key rearrangement of data: re-picturing the human's-eye, ground-level drawings of Fredericksburg and its individual buildings from a single, high "bird's-eye" angle, to show the complete town while maximizing information about individual structures.
The final perspective for View of Fredericksburg, VA looked across and over the town from a point just across the Rappahannock River and hovering above Stafford Heights, about a half mile from the RF&P Railroad bridge over the river, and a quarter of a mile or so from the farmstead that occupied the site of George Washington's boyhood home.
Fast forward from 1856 to December 1862: artist Alfred Waud positions himself beside the ferry landing to sketch Union bridge-builders under fire at the Middle Pontoon Crossing. A week later, following the defeated Federals' retreat across the river, some of them convert "an old cherry-tree" on or near Ferry Farm into "all sorts of crosses, pipes, rings, etc., that can be sent away by mail" as mementoes of George Washington.
This is the final installment in the documentation of Aquia Church's Civil War soldier graffiti. Previous posts on this subject can be found here.
In late November 1862, Union General Ambrose Burnside brought his Army of the Potomac to Stafford County. Intent on pushing south toward Richmond, delays and logistical problems plagued Burnside's plans. His army remained idle as events developed that eventually resulted in the December Battle of Fredericksburg. It was during this waiting period that at least two soldiers from the 6th Army Corps visited Aquia Church and added their names to the building's soft sandstone quoins.
The 21st New Jersey Infantry was a short term regiment. Its members enlisted for the brief period of nine months. Organized in September 1862, the regiment reached Stafford County on November 18 and went into camp along Aquia Creek. Some of the men in this regiment attended services at Aquia Church.
It is likely that at this time "H. Smith" of the 21st New Jersey left his name on Aquia Church. It can not be said with any certainity who Smith was, as there are three potential candidates for this soldier on the regimental rolls. The first two, Private Henry Smith of Company A and Corporal Henry C. Smith of Company B, both served their full nine-month enlistment with the 21st New Jersey and mustered out of service on June 19, 1863. The third candidate was not so lucky.
Humphrey Smith was a 29-year old laborer from Monmouth, New Jersey. He enlisted on August 27, 1862 and a month later mustered into Company E of the 21st New Jersey Infantry. He survived the Battle of Fredericksburg only to succumb to "brain fever" near Belle Plain in Stafford County on March 22, 1863. Originally buried at Robert Lee's farm, his remains were removed after the war and buried Grave #6132 in the Fredericksburg National Cemetery.
Grave of Humphrey Smith in the Fredericksburg National Cemetery, which erroneously identifies him as from New York.
Four days following the 21st New Jersey's services at Aquia Church, some members of the 6th Maine Infantry paid a visit to the sanctuary. Corporal Benjamin Thaxter of that regiment noted in his diary entry for November 27 that he and his sergeant went "to see an old church that was built in 1757." Private William A. Jellison also visited the church around this time and opted to leave his lasting mark on the building.
Here is a portion of our latest piece of original art, developed by Frank O'Reilly and executed by artist Mark Churms. This will be used in the new exhibit we are planning for the Fredericksburg Battlefield Visitor Center, and also likely on a wayside exhibit atop Marye's Heights. The image shows guns of the Washington Artillery firing over the Sunken Road, into the killing field beyond. That's the Stephens House and Innis House at center and left, with the brick Stratton House beyond. The piece will eventually be made available for sale by Mr. Churms.
We like it and thought you might be interested to see a little slice of what's going on hereabouts.
Copyright Mark Churms. All rights reserved.


text:
News Of The Week.
T HE First of May has been a failure this year as a Labour festival. In the different capitals the crowds gathered have been unusually small, and in none of them have the......
The Most Important Part Of His Speech,—barring, Perhaps,...
the impracticability of the Labour party, which he scolded with a somewhat dangerous frankness,—was his sugges- tion that it was desirable to include the constituent portions of......
The Calcutta Correspondent Of The Times, Who Is By No
means a " viewy " man, repeats his telegram of April 16th, in which he reported a strange marking of the mango-trees in Behar with a plaster of mud and hair. The marking is now......
Lord Rosebery Spoke At Manchester On Wednesday, And The Tone
of his speech is, to our ears, one of discouragement, not to say almost despondency. He was discouraged by the difficulty of getting any measure passed by the House of Commons;......
The Chinese Government Is Playing The Part We Have Always
expected of it in Asia,—that of a Power compelled by its interests to be friendly to Great Britain. It likes bits of territory, and can get none without our consent. It has......
** The Editors Cannot Undertake To Return Manuscript, In Any
case.......


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Organisers planned a "mass cycle" in Cardiff to urge action against climate change.
ITV Cymru Wales has had a first look inside Cardiff's modern incinerator since it started operating earlier this year.
The plant will burn up to 350 thousand tonnes of household waste a year and is now running 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
The site says the burning process is safe and effective but environmentalists argue it's the wrong answer to our waste problems and the health effects are still unknown.
Wildlife lovers have gone to unusual measures to attract puffins to the remote Ramsey island off the Pembrokeshire coast.
They have installed a flock of fibreglass puffins, which they hope will encourage the rare sea birds to the island.
Volunteers have also wired up loudspeakers which will play the birds' mating calls in the hope that it will lure the birds.
Ramsay Island was once home to thousands of puffins in the 1800s but they left when rats managed to find their way onto the island from a ship wreck.
The RSPB hope that these new measures will encourage new birds to stay and nest on the island.
Almost 140 people have been prosecuted in the last 12 months in an ongoing battle against illegal fishing and poaching.
The anglers were caught committing a range of offences, from not having a rod licence to illegal netting and cruel 'foul hooking', which involves dragging hooks through the water at high speed in an attempt to impale fish on the hooks.
All but three of the 139 cases resulted in successful prosecutions and combined fines of £18,468, as well as the confiscation of equipment.
Natural Resources Wales warns illegal fishing is damaging to the angling industry, which is worth more than £150 million to the Welsh economy.
A spokesperson said: "Angling helps protect the environment, is a big draw for tourism and plays a major role in the local economy.
"It's important that we continue to crack down on illegal fishing activity so that it remains sustainable for licensed fisherman."
Voting has opened for the European Tree of the Year competition and Wales has high hopes for its entrant.
The Oak at the Gate of the Dead sits right in the gateway to the Ceiriog Valley at Castle Mill right on Offas Dyke.
The tree, which is reporter to be between 750 and 1200 years old witnessed a the legendary battle of Crogen in 1165, where an invading English Army was ambushed by Welsh forces in the area.
If you're looking for a way of getting rid of leftovers from Christmas - and would like to do your bit for the environment - this could be for you.
We're being urged to mark the New Year with a new effort to reuse things - and to recycle rubbish.
It's all part of a drive to get us to recycle 58% of our waste by next year.
A single drink can could be recycled as many as eight times in a year, saving enough energy to manufacture 160 new cans.
56% of card still ends up in landfill. 60% of card thrown in a Welsh black bag is made up of thin card packing like cereal boxes.
Although they can be recycled, aerosols and foil are the two materials that the greatest proportion of people throw-away.
Only 50% of plastic bottles in Wales get recycled. We use around 725,000 a day.
Around 600 million UK household batteries (22,000 tonnes) – the equivalent weight of 110 Jumbo Jets – are sent to landfill each year. Most could be recycled instead.
Recycling organisation 'Waste Awareness Wales' says 2013 was a year of recycling success.
It comes as the target to recycle 52 per cent of waste was achieved. But the organisation says more needs to be done, with a target of 58% set for 2015-16.
On the map it just looks blank - but between the Conwy Valley and Snowdonia is one of the world's most remarkable eco-systems - a blanket bog.
They've spent hundreds of thousands of pounds building dams and destroying ditches to take the landscape back to how it was for centuries.
A group of enthusiasts are hoping that a Wales tree could win the European Tree of the Year competition.
They think that one great oak that lies in the picturesque Ceiriog Valley near Chirk has a history that gives it one of the best stories to be found between Cardiff and Kiev... Rob Shelley has been to discover more.


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The Battle of Svolder (Svold or Swold) was a large naval battle during the Viking age, fought in September 999 or 1000 in the western Baltic Sea between King Olaf of Norway and an alliance of the Kings of Denmark and Sweden and Olaf's enemies in Norway. The backdrop of the battle was the unification of Norway into a single independent state after longstanding Danish efforts to control the country, combined with the spread of Christianity in Scandinavia.

King Olaf Tryggvason was sailing to, or home from, an expedition in Wendland (Pomerania), when he was ambushed by an alliance of Svein Forkbeard, King of Denmark, Olof Skötkonung (also known as Olaf Eiríksson or Olaf the Swede), King of Sweden, and Eirik Hákonarson, Jarl of Lade. According to the Saga of King Olaf I Tryggvason, he had 60 warships plus the contribution of 11 warships from the Jomvikings   His ships were captured one by one, last of all the Ormen Lange, which Jarl Eirik captured as Olaf threw himself into the sea. After the battle, Norway was ruled by the Jarls of Lade allied (as a suzerain) to both the Danish Crown and the Commonwealth of Uppsala, Sweden.

The exact location of the battle is disputed, and depends on which group of sources is preferred: Adam of Bremen places it in Øresund, while Icelandic sources place the battle near an island called Svolder, which is otherwise unknown.

The most detailed sources on the battle, the kings' sagas, were written approximately two centuries after it took place. Historically unreliable, they offer an extended literary account describing the battle and the events leading up to it in vivid detail. The sagas ascribe the causes of the battle to Olaf Tryggvason's ill-fated marriage proposal to Sigrid the Haughty and his problematic marriage to Thyri, sister of Svein Forkbeard. As the battle starts Olaf is shown dismissing the Danish and Swedish fleets with ethnic insults and bravado while admitting that Eirik Hákonarson and his men are dangerous because "they are Norwegians like us". The best known episode in the battle is the breaking of Einarr Þambarskelfir's bow, which heralds Olaf's defeat.

In later centuries, the saga descriptions of the battle, especially that in Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla, have inspired a number of ballads and other works of literature.

Context

In earliest recorded history, Norway was divided into a number of small and sometimes warring petty kingdoms with weak central authority. In traditional historiography the rise of Harald Fairhair in the ninth century started the process of unification of the country and the consolidation of royal power. Harald's descendants, and other claimants to the throne, had to contend with strong regional leaders such as the Jarls of Lade in the north and the rulers of Vingulmark in the east, while the kings of Denmark claimed regions in the south and were eager to acquire Norwegian vassals to increase their influence. The spread of Roman Catholic Christianity had also became an increasingly important political issue in the late tenth century.

In the 970s, Haakon Sigurdsson, Jarl of Lade, became the most powerful man in Norway, at first supported by Harald Bluetooth of Denmark and paying tribute to him—though the two later fell out over religious matters. Harald had converted to Christianity and was eager to Christianise Norway, while Haakon remained a staunch pagan. In 995 Haakon was deposed and the young Christian leader Olaf Tryggvason came to the throne.

While rejecting Danish authority, Olaf made it his mission to convert Norway and the Norse colonies in the west as quickly and as completely as possible. Proceeding with threats, torture and executions, Olaf broke down pagan resistance and within a few years Norway was, at least nominally, a Christian country. But King Olaf had acquired several enemies during his meteoric rise to power. The most prominent were Eirik Jarl, son of Haakon Jarl, and Svein Forkbeard, king of Denmark, both of whom felt that Olaf had deprived them of their share of Norway.

The same interests which clashed in the Battle of Svolder were to divide Norway for decades to come, leading to further major engagements, including the Battle of Nesjar and the Battle of Stiklestad. The resolution came in 1035 with the accession of the Norwegian Magnus the Good to the throne of an independent and Christian Norway.

Sources

The Battle of Svolder is mentioned in a number of historical sources. The earliest written work is by Adam of Bremen (ca. 1080), who wrote from a Danish point of view as his source was King Svein II of Denmark. The later Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus made use of and expanded Adam of Bremen's account in his Gesta Danorum (ca. 1200).

In Norway the three synoptic histories, Historia de Antiquitate Regum Norwagiensium, Historia Norwegie and Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum (ca. 1190), all give a short account of the battle. The Icelandic kings' sagas offer a much more extensive treatment, starting with Oddr Snorrason's Saga of Olaf Tryggvason (ca. 1190). Working from skaldic poetry, oral history, learned European examples and an uninhibited imagination, Oddr constructed an elaborate account of the battle. This was taken up by the later Icelandic sagas, Fagrskinna and Heimskringla (ca. 1220), both of which add quotations of skaldic verse. Three Icelandic poems from around 1200 also have some historical interest: Nóregs konungatal, Rekstefja and Óláfs drápa Tryggvasonar. The immense Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta (ca. 1300) combines several of the above sources to form the last, longest and least reliable saga account.

Contemporary skaldic poetry which refers to the battle includes a work by Hallfreðr the Troublesome Poet, who was in Olaf Tryggvason's service. Hallfreðr was not present at the battle but gathered information about it afterwards for a eulogy on Olaf. On Jarl Eirik's side, a number of stanzas are preserved by Halldórr the Unchristian, who speaks of the battle as happening "last year" and dwells on the scene of Eirik capturing the Long Serpent. Some verses on the battle are also preserved in Þórðr Kolbeinsson's elegy on Eirik, probably composed around 1015. Finally, Skúli Þórsteinsson fought with Eirik in the battle and spoke of it in verse in his old age.

While historians value contemporary skaldic poetry highly as the most accurate source available, it must be remembered that the poems are not preserved independently but as quotations in the kings' sagas. After two centuries of oral preservation, there is often doubt that a verse was accurately remembered and correctly attributed. Furthermore, skaldic poetry did not primarily aim at giving information but at artistically rendering facts already known to the hearers. Historians frequently fall back on the less reliable but more detailed accounts of the sagas.

Events leading up to the battle

Nothing can be gleaned from the contemporary skaldic poems on the causes of the battle. Adam of Bremen states that Olaf Tryggvason's Danish wife, Thyri, egged him on to make war against Denmark. When Olaf heard that Svein Forkbeard and Olaf the Swede had formed an alliance, he was angered and decided the time had come for an attack. Ágrip and Historia Norwegie have a similar account. Thyri was the sister of Svein Forkbeard, and when Olaf Tryggvason married her, Svein refused to pay her promised dowry. Angered, Olaf launched an expedition to attack Denmark, but he was too impatient to wait for a fleet to assemble from all of Norway, and he set sail for the south with only 11 ships, expecting the rest to follow. When that hope was not realized, he set out for Wendland (Pomerania) to seek allies and on the way was ambushed by Svein and his allies. These accounts are contradicted by a contemporary verse of Halldórr the Unchristian which states that Olaf Tryggvason was travelling from the south when he came to the battle.

Oddr Snorrason has an elaborate account of the problems arising from Thyri's marriages. He tells us that she was betrothed and married to the Wendish king Burislav, who received a large dowry for her; but she did not want to be his wife and starved herself after their wedding, so Burislav sent her back to Denmark. She then arranged to have herself married to Olaf Tryggvason, to the displeasure of her brother Svein. Svein's queen, Sigrid the Haughty, a staunch opponent of Olaf, egged Svein to make war on him. Svein then conspired with Jarl Sigvaldi and King Olaf of Sweden to lure Olaf Tryggvason into a trap. Olaf Tryggvason travelled to Wendland to collect Thyri's dowry from King Burislav and while there heard rumours of a planned ambush; but Sigvaldi arrived to tell him these rumours were false. Believing Sigvaldi, Olaf sent most of his fleet home, as his men were impatient. He therefore had only a small fleet left when he was ambushed near Svolder.

Fagrskinna and Heimskringla largely follow Oddr's account but simplify it and diverge from it in some respects. According to Heimskringla, Sigvaldi sailed from Wendland with Olaf and a fleet of Wendish ships and led him into the ambush.

Whether the above details are accurate or not, it is clear that Svein, Olaf the Swede and Eirik had ample reason to oppose Olaf Tryggvason. Olaf had taken control of Viken in south Norway, an area long under Danish overlordship. Olaf and Svein had been in England together, but Olaf had made peace while Svein kept campaigning. Svein was on friendly terms with Olaf the Swede and connected to him by marriage, so the two were natural allies. Finally, Jarl Eirik had been driven from his patrimony by Olaf Tryggvason, as arguably had his father, Jarl Hakon, whom he may have wished to avenge.

From the conflicting accounts of the sources, historians have tried to reconstruct the most likely sequence of events leading up to the battle. It is probable that Olaf Tryggvason was indeed sailing from Wendland to Norway when he was ambushed, though the kings' sagas probably play up the importance of Thyri and her marriages. While it is possible that Olaf was collecting dowry, it seems more probable that he was expecting war and seeking allies in Wendland, but met with little success. The character of Sigvaldi remains enigmatic, though there is evidence from skaldic poetry that he did indeed betray Olaf.

Time and location

All sources which date the battle agree that it took place in 1000. The oldest source to date it is the meticulous Íslendingabók, written around 1128, which specifies that it took place in the summer. Oddr Snorrason says further that the battle is "memorialized for the fallen men on the Third or Fourth Ides of September", (10 or 11 September). Mesta states that the battle occurred on 9 September, and other sources agree with either date. Since some medieval writers reckoned the end of the year in September, it is possible that the year referred to is in fact the one we know as 999.

The location of the battle cannot be identified with any certainty. According to Adam of Bremen, it took place in Oresund. Ágrip and Historia Norwegie also place it off Zealand. Theodoricus says it took place "beside the island which is called Svöldr; and it lies near Slavia". Fagrskinna speaks of "an island off the coast of Vinðland... [t]his island is called Svölðr." Oddr Snorrason and Heimskringla agree on the island's name but do not specify its location. A stanza by Skúli Þórsteinsson speaks of "the mouth of Svolder", suggesting that Svolder was originally the name of a river which Norse unfamiliarity with Wendish geography turned into an island. The Danish Annales Ryenses are unique in placing the battle in the Schlei. Modern historians are divided, some locating the confrontation near the German island of Rügen while others prefer Øresund.

Composition of the fleets
The Norse sources agree that Olaf Tryggvason fought against overwhelming odds in the battle. Fagrskinna, for example, says that he had "only a small force", and that the sea around him was "carpeted with warships" The sources which specify the number of warships all agree that Olaf Tryggvason had 11 vessels but they give various numbers for the allied fleets. Most sources cite the Danish and Swedish forces as equal in size, with the exception of Rekstefja.

Though the sagas agree that Olaf Tryggvason had only 11 ships in the battle, some of them quote a verse by Halldórr the Unchristian saying that Olaf had 71 ships when he sailed from the south. The sagas explain the discrepancy by saying that some of the 71 ships belonged to Jarl Sigvaldi, who deserted Olaf, and that others sailed past the trap at Svolder before it was sprung.

The sagas describe three of the ships in Olaf Tryggvason's fleet. According to Heimskringla, the Crane was a large swift-sailing warship with thirty rowers' benches, high in stem and stern. It was commissioned by King Olaf and used as his flagship for some time.

Olaf confiscated the second of his great ships from a pagan he had tortured to death for refusing to convert to Christianity. King Olaf "steered it himself, because it was a much larger and finer ship than the Crane. Its stem had a dragon's head on it, and on its stern, a crook shaped like a tail; and both sides of the neck and all the stern were gilded. That ship the king called the Serpent, because when the sail was hoisted it was to look like the wing of
a dragon. That was the finest ship in all Norway."

Olaf's third flagship, the Long Serpent, was a legendary vessel mentioned in several anecdotes in the sagas.

The only allied ship described is Jarl Eirik's Iron Ram. According to Fagrskinna it was "the biggest of all ships". Heimskringla gives more detail:

The leaders assess their opponents
It is unlikely that the saga writers had accurate information on details of the battle beyond the sparse accounts in the surviving poems. Nevertheless, starting with Oddr Snorrason, they present an elaborate literary account, depicting the main participants through their words and deeds.

Olaf Tryggvason's ships pass the anchorage of his allied enemies in a long column without order, as no attack is expected. Conveniently placed to observe the fleet, Jarl Eirik and the two kings remark upon the passing vessels. Svein and Olaf are eager to join battle, but Eirik is portrayed as more cautious and familiar with the Norwegian forces.

As progressively larger vessels appear, the Danes and Swedes think each one is the Long Serpent and want to attack straight away, but Eirik holds them off with informed comments:

As Eirik finally consents to attack, King Svein boasts that he will command the Long Serpent "before the sun sets". Eirik makes a remark "so that few men heard him" saying that "with only the Danish army at his disposal, King Sveinn would never command this ship". As the allies set out to attack Olaf Tryggvason, the point of view shifts to the Norwegian fleet.

After spotting the enemy, Olaf might have used sail and oar to outrun the ambush and escape, but he refuses to flee and turns to give battle with the eleven ships immediately about him. Seeing the Danish fleet arrayed against him, he comments: "The forest goats will not overcome us, for the Danes have the courage of goats. We will not fear that force because the Danes have never carried off the victory if they fought on ships." Similarly, Olaf writes off the Swedes with a reference to their pagan customs:

It is only when Olaf Tryggvason sights Eirik Hákonarson's contingent that he realises he is in for a hard battle, because "they are Norwegians like us". The sagas' emphasis of Eirik's contribution stands in marked contrast to the Danish accounts of Adam of Bremen and Saxo Grammaticus, who portray the battle as a Danish victory over Norwegians, with no mention of Jarl Eirik or his men.

The battle is joined

The disposition adopted in the battle was one which recurs in many sea-fights of the Middle Ages where a fleet had to fight on the defensive. Olaf lashed his ships side to side, with his own, the Long Serpent, in the middle of the line, where her bows projected beyond the others. The advantages of this arrangement were that it left all hands free to fight, that a barrier could be formed with the oars and yards, and that it limited the enemy's ability to make its superior numbers count. The Long Serpent was the longest ship and so also the tallest—another advantage to the defenders, who could rain down arrows, javelins and other missiles while the enemy would have to shoot upwards. Olaf, in effect, turned his eleven ships into a floating fort.

The sagas give all the credit to the Norwegians, praising Eirik Hákonarson for any intelligence and for most of the valour shown by Olaf Tryggvason's opponents. The Danes and Swedes rush at the front of Olaf's line and are repulsed, suffering heavy casualties and loss of ships. Jarl Eirik attacks the flank and forces his vessel, the Iron Ram, up against the last ship of Olaf's line, which he clears with a fierce attack and then proceeds onto the next ship. In this way, Olaf's ships were cleared one by one, till the Long Serpent alone was left.

Einarr Þambarskelfir

One of the best known episodes from the battle involves Einarr Þambarskelfir, an archer in King Olaf's fleet who later became a cunning politician. Heimskringla describes his attempt at killing Jarl Eirik and saving the day for Olaf:

The same story is found in Gesta Danorum, though there Einarr is aiming at Svein, rather than Eirik.

King Olaf's death

At last, the Long Serpent is overpowered and Olaf Tryggvason defeated. The Danish sources report that when all was lost he committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea, "the end befitting his life", according to Adam of Bremen. Saxo Grammaticus says that Olaf preferred suicide to death at the hands of the enemy and jumped overboard in full armour rather than see his foes victorious. The Norwegian and Icelandic accounts are more complex and more favourable to Olaf. Hallfreðr's memorial poem for his lord had already alluded to rumours that Olaf escaped death at Svolder. The sagas offer a variety of possibilities. Ágrip reports:

Other sagas suggest that one way or another Olaf made his way to the shore; perhaps by swimming, perhaps with the help of angels, most likely rescued by one of the Wendish ships present. After his escape, Olaf supposedly sought salvation for his soul abroad, perhaps joining a monastery. Mesta describes a series of "sightings" of him in the Holy Land, the last in the 1040s.

King Olaf, like Charlemagne, Frederick Barbarossa and Sebastian of Portugal, is one of those legendary heroic figures whose return was looked for by the people, their deaths never completely accepted. (See King asleep in mountain.)

Aftermath

After the Battle of Svolder, the victorious leaders split Norway into areas of control. Heimskringla gives the most detailed account of the division, describing it as threefold. Olaf the Swede received four districts in Trondheim as well as Møre, Romsdal and Rånrike. He gave these to Jarl Svein Hákonarson, his son in law, to hold as a vassal. Svein Forkbeard gained possession of the Viken district, where Danish influence had long been strong. The rest of Norway was ruled by Eirik Hákonarson as Svein's vassal. Fagrskinna, in contrast, says that the Swedish part consisted of Oppland and a part of Trondheim. Other sources are less specific.

The Jarls Eirik and Svein proved strong, competent rulers, and their reign was prosperous. Most sources say that they adopted Christianity but allowed the people religious freedom, leading to a backlash against Christianity which undid much of Olaf Tryggvason's missionary work.

Legacy
Several factors combined to make the Battle of Svolder one of the most famous battles of the Viking Age. In Norwegian-Icelandic historiography, King Olaf Tryggvason was held in high regard as the man who brought Christianity to the North. His colourful end in a battle against overwhelming odds therefore makes a fitting narrative. Jarl Eirik's court poets also ensured their lord a fair share of the glory. Mesta says:

In Iceland, where the kings' sagas continued to be copied and studied, the battle exercised the imagination of several poets. A 15th century rímur cycle, Svöldrar rímur, chronicles the battle in verse, largely following the account of Oddr Snorrason. Two more rímur cycles on the same topic were composed in the 18th century, one of which is preserved. In the 19th century, the popular poet Sigurður Breiðfjörð composed yet another rímur cycle on the battle, based on the account in Mesta.

With the 19th century rise of nationalism and romanticism and the growing number of translations of the sagas, interest in the battle of Svolder increased outside of Iceland. Around 1830, the Faroese poet Jens Christian Djurhuus composed a ballad on the battle titled Ormurin langi, following Snorri's account. The ballad was well received and remains among the most popular and well-known Faroese ballads. In 2002, a heavy metal version by the band Týr gained some following abroad.

In Norway, Johan Nordahl Brun's rousing patriotic play Einar Tambarskjelve, written in 1772, is considered a milestone in Norwegian literature. Later Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson wrote a well-known short poem, Olav Trygvason, on the fall of the king. Bjørnson also collaborated with Edvard Grieg on an opera about Olaf Tryggvason, but the two fell out before the work was finished. Ragnar Søderlind has now completed the opera, which premiered in September 2000, 1000 years after the Battle of Svolder. Søderlind introduced fate motifs from Wagner, Beethoven and Liszt in the battle scene.

The battle has also inspired art outside of Scandinavia, including a manga volume by the Japanese artist Ryō Azumi. The best known English-language work is probably Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's cycle "The Saga of King Olaf" (from his 1863 collection of poems Tales of a Wayside Inn), much of which is dedicated to the Battle of Svolder, and which includes the verse:

Louder the war-horns growl and snarl,
Sharper the dragons bite and sting!
Eric the son of Hakon Jarl
A death-drink salt as the sea
Pledges to thee,
Olaf the King!

Svolder is also the name of a Canadian NSBM band whose lyrics primarily focus on the defamation of Syrian refugees, islamophobia and the ZOG conspiracy theory.

See also

 Christianization of Scandinavia
 Battle of Stiklestad

References

Further reading

Adam of Bremen (translated by Francis Joseph Tschan and Timothy Reuter) (2002). History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen. Columbia University Press.
 Baetke, Walter. Christliches Lehngut in der Sagareligion, Das Svoldr-Problem: Zwei Beiträge zur Sagakritik. Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Philologisch-historische Klasse 98.6. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. 1951.
 Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (editor) (1941). Íslenzk fornrit XXVI : Heimskringla I. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag.
 Campbell, Alistair (editor and translator) and Simon Keynes (supplementary introduction) (1998). Encomium Emmae Reginae. Cambridge University Press.
 Driscoll, M. J. (editor) (1995). Ágrip af Nóregskonungasǫgum. Viking Society for Northern Research.
 Ekrem, Inger (editor), Lars Boje Mortensen (editor) and Peter Fisher (translator) (2003). Historia Norwegie. Museum Tusculanum Press.
 Finnur Jónsson (1912–15). Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. København: Den arnamagnæanske kommission.
 Finnur Jónsson (1923). Den oldnorske og oldislandske litteraturs historie. København: G.E.C Gads forlag.
 Finnur Sigmundsson (1966). Rímnatal I. Reykjavík: Rímnafélagið.
 Finlay, Alison (editor and translator) (2004). Fagrskinna, a Catalogue of the Kings of Norway. Brill Academic Publishers.
 Kouri, E. I., Torkel Jansson and Knut Helle (2003). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Cambridge University Press.
 Levin, Mona (translated by Virginia Siger) (2002). Saga King Becomes Opera - at Last! Music Information Centre Norway. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
 Midgaard, John (1963). A Brief History of Norway. Oslo.
 Naess, Harald S. (1993). A History of Norwegian Literature. University of Nebraska Press.
 Nicholson, Helen (2003). Medieval Warfare: Theory and Practice of War in Europe, 300–1500. Palgrave Macmillan.
 Oddr Snorrason (translated by Theodore M. Andersson) (2003). The Saga of Olaf Tryggvason. Cornell University Press.
 Ólafía Einarsdóttir (translated by Helga Kress) (1967). "Árið 1000" in Skírnir.
 Ólafur Halldórsson (editor) (2006). Íslenzk fornrit XXV : Færeyinga saga, Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar eptir Odd munk Snorrason. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag.
 Sawyer, Peter (2005). "Scandinavia in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries." In The New Cambridge Medieval History IV. David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith (eds). Cambridge University Press. .

 Saxo Grammaticus (edited by J. Olrik and H. Ræder) (1931). Saxonis Gesta Danorum. Hauniæ: Munksgaard.
 Sephton, J. (translator) (1895). The Saga of King Olaf Tryggwason. London: David Nutt.
 Snorri Sturluson (translated by Lee M. Hollander). (1991). Heimskringla : History of the Kings of Norway. University of Texas Press.
 Snorri Sturluson (translated by Samuel Laing and Rasmus Björn Anderson) (1907). Heimskringla: A History of the Norse Kings. London: Norroena Society.
 Sverrir Jakobsson (2002). "Erindringen om en mægtig personlighed : den norsk-islandske historiske tradisjon om Harald Hårfagre i et kildekristisk perspektiv" in Historisk tidsskrift 2002, vol. 81, pp. 213–230.
 Theodoricus monachus (translated and annotated by David and Ian McDougall with an introduction by Peter Foote) (1998). The Ancient History of the Norwegian Kings. Viking Society for Northern Research.

External links

 Heimskringla account (Starting from 108. Conspiracy Against King Olaf)

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Jomsvikings
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1000 in Europe
Denmark–Norway relations
Norway–Sweden relations
10th century in Denmark
10th century in Norway
10th century in Sweden
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Discussion in 'Mac Apps and Mac App Store' started by Joeytpg, Mar 14, 2013.
I'm looking for an easy to use and learn app for editing pictures and creating flyers and stuff. Sorta like a watered down photoshop.
I'm a musician and I have to constantly create flyers for concerts and stuff like that and I wanna use something other than Pages (which has been ok and helpful) but I want something that will let me create a bit more.
What is it out there?
Pixelmator. $15 in the App Store.
I'll also cast my lot in with the Pixelmator option. A Great app, good price provides some great features.


text:
Home Unlabelled Ethiopia: Child Protection/ GBV Sub Cluster Coordinator (Consultant), (NO-B) (11 Months), (Jijiga, Somalia)
Ethiopia: Child Protection/ GBV Sub Cluster Coordinator (Consultant), (NO-B) (11 Months), (Jijiga, Somalia)
Organization: UN Children's Fund
Closing date: 08 Feb 2019
UNICEF works in some of the world's toughest places, to reach the world's most disadvantaged children. To save their lives. To defend their rights. To help them fulfill their potential.
Across 190 countries and territories, we work for every child, everywhere, every day, to build a better world for everyone.
And we never give up.
For every child, Safety
To provide coordination and technical leadership and support to the Somali Child Protection/GBV Sub-Cluster coordination structure as part of efforts to deliver more coordinated support for Emergency response in Somali Region
How can you make a difference?
Provide strong leadership to child protection coordination, promoting and facilitating active participation from key actors, including the government at regional and zonal levels, international and local NGOs, civil society and other relevant actors.
Work with OCHA, the Protection Cluster led by UNHCR, and child protection actors to coordinate inter-agency needs assessment to map out priority child protection issues, gaps and identify key resources and assets to avoid duplication and build complementarity of partner's child protection response.
Support the capacity development of the CP/GVB Sub-Cluster members at regional and zonal level Cluster Focal Points and ensure that clear and effective communication occurs between federal, regional sub cluster and zonal Sub-cluster and strengthen a more standardized child protection response across all affected areas.
Lead on the strategic planning against identified child protection needs and response priorities with sub-cluster members.
Ensure that CP/GBV Sub-Cluster members are aware of relevant policy guidelines, technical standards on Child Protection and relevant commitments that the Government/concerned authorities have undertaken under international human rights law and the national legislative framework.
Work with UNICEF PSEA Focal Point, the Protection Cluster, PSEA Network, and other humanitarian actors and donors to promote the application of the Secretary General's Bulletin on sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) in order to safeguard the wellbeing of beneficiaries in the provision of humanitarian assistance.
Promote the implementation of the Minimum Standards of Child Protection in Human Action and GBV Humanitarian Standards;
Collaborate with the Protection Cluster lead and OCHA to ensure that key child protection concerns are well reflected in all documents and humanitarian initiatives, including advocacy efforts by the HCT.
Coordinate and collaborate with other Clusters such as the Health and Nutrition cluster Education and WASH Cluster to ensure that CP is mainstreamed across sectors to meet the psychosocial needs of children affected by emergencies.
Advocate with donors to fund humanitarian actors to carry out priority activities in Child Protection while also supporting sub-cluster members to mobilize resources for their own activities.
Support the review, dissemination, and training on CP assessments and monitoring tools, including the CP Rapid Assessment (CPRA), Seasonal Assessments, and any joint or inter-sectoral monitoring/assessments (such as the Displacement Tracking Matrix)
Monitor performance of the inter-agency CP/GBV response against agreed indicators and monitor the core cluster functions.
Represent the CP/GBV Sub-Cluster in humanitarian coordination meetings such as the OCHA led Inter-Cluster Coordination Meeting, the Protection Cluster and other meetings called by the DPPB and Humanitarian Coordinator.
Expected Deliverables
Promote active participation of child protection GBV actors, including the government at regional and zonal levels, international and national NGOs, civil society and other relevant actors.
Prepare and submit work plans timely.
Maintain a strong working relationship with OCHA, the Protection Cluster led by UNHCR, and child protection actors to coordinate inter-agency needs assessment to map out priority child protection issues, gaps and identify key resources and assets, including existing child protection systems (both formal and informal) for prevention and response to child protection needs.
Support the capacity development of the CP/GBV Sub-Cluster members at regional and zonal level Cluster Focal Points and ensure that clear and effective communication occurs between regional sub-clusters and zonal Sub-cluster and strengthen a more standardized child protection response across all affected areas.
Provide CP written inputs to the Protection Cluster, OCHA, and UNICEF CP Section and UNICEF Emergency Unit as required.
Provide support and oversight to the CP AoR information management function, including through close coordination with the UNICEF Child Protection Information Management Officer (CP IMO), and review of child protection actors monthly 5Ws and other ad hoc reporting.
Provide reviewed 5Ws to OCHA and provide analytical/explanatory text for the monthly dashboard, SitReps,and other communications materials as needed.
Monitor the coverage and complementarity of CP AoR activities and identify and advocate for the correction of any gaps and duplication.
Provide technical support in strategic planning against identified child protection needs and response priorities with sub-cluster members.
Ensure CP/GBV sub-cluster members are aware of relevant policy guidelines, technical standards on Child Protection and relevant commitments that the Government/concerned authorities have undertaken under international human rights law and the national legislative framework.
Ensure that key child protection concerns are well reflected in all documents and humanitarian initiatives, including advocacy efforts by the HCT.
The Child Protection/GBV Sub Cluster Coordinator will report to and be supervised by Child Protection Officer at Somali level.
Child Protection GBV Sub Cluster Coordinator will be based in Somali Region FO and will receive technical support from the UNICEF Ethiopia Country Office via the federal Child Protection Coordinator and Child Protection in Emergencies Specialist.
The CP/GBV Sub-Cluster Coordinator will prepare monthly reports based on agreed deliverables and submit a final written report to the CFO in Somali via his/her Supervisor and Child Protection Coordinator/CPiE Specialist in Addis Ababa.
The Coordinator will work with regional BOWCY, to strengthen the capacity of sub-cluster members at a regional and zonal level to monitor and report on child protection interventions.
To qualify as an advocate for every child you will have…
University degree in international relations, law, social work, child psychology, or other relevant fields.
Minimum 2 years progressively responsible professional work experience at the national level in child protection in emergencies including programme planning, monitoring and evaluation in a related field;
Background and familiarity with international human rights and humanitarian law and emergency response is an asset
Substantial experience working on protection, human rights monitoring, conflict and natural disasters related issues is highly desirable
Excellent proficiency in English (Verbal and written) fluency in and knowledge of Somali would be an asset.
Well acquainted with the key issues as well as programmatic interventions in addressing child protection in emergencies;
Proven track record in building the capacity of partners as well as in providing technical assistance;
Familiarity and experience working with government counterparts;
Good analytical, negotiating, communication and advocacy skills;
Excellent report writing skills;
Excellent skill in negotiation and in working with people both internally and from outside the organization;
Excellent team player.
Female candidates are especially encouraged to apply.
For every Child, you demonstrate…
UNICEF's core values of Commitment, Diversity and Integrity and core competencies in Communication, Working with People and Drive for Results.
The competencies required for this post are….
View our competency framework at
http://www.unicef.org/about/employ/files/UNICEF_Competencies.pdf
UNICEF is committed to diversity and inclusion within its workforce and encourages all candidates, irrespective of nationality, religious and ethnic backgrounds, including persons living with disabilities, to apply to become a part of the organization.
UNICEF has a zero-tolerance policy on conduct that is incompatible with the aims and objectives of the United Nations and UNICEF, including sexual exploitation and abuse, sexual harassment, abuse of authority and discrimination. UNICEF also adheres to strict child safeguarding principles. All selected candidates will, therefore, undergo rigorous reference and background checks, and will be expected to adhere to these standards and principles.
Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted and advance to the next stage of the selection process.
UNICEF is committed to diversity and inclusion within its workforce, and encourages qualified female and male candidates from all national, religious and ethnic backgrounds, including persons living with disabilities, to apply to become a part of our organization. To apply, click on the following link http://www.unicef.org/about/employ/?job=519453


text:
Ігор Петрович Мілюкін ( 4 лютого 1967, Глухів, Сумська область, УРСР) — радянський та український футболіст, півзахисник, тренер.

Кар'єра гравця
У футбол розпочав грати в ДЮСШ міста Глухова на Сумщині. Під час турніру в Севастополі в складі збірної області, тренер Володимир Киянченко запросив Ігоря в київський спортінтернат. Пізніше на змаганнях у Херсоні Мілюкіна помітив миколаївський тренер Станіслав Байда й рекомендував його старшому тренеру «Суднобудівника» Євгену Кучеревському. Так у 1984 році, після закінчення десятого класу, Ігор опинився в команді «корабелів».

За дев'ять років, проведених в миколаївській команді, Мілюкін загалом зіграв в її складі 221 матч, забив 17 м'ячів. У 1985 і 1990 роках, як гравець «Суднобудівника», нагороджувався бронзовими та срібними медалями української зони другої ліги чемпіонату СРСР. У сезонах 1992 і 1994/95 виступав у вищій лізі чемпіонату України. У 1996 році завершив ігрову кар'єру через розрив зв'язок колінного суглоба.

Кар'єра тренера
Разом з Анатолієм Нераном і Леонідом Ніколаєнком працював у тренерському штабі миколаївського «Водника». Разом з клубом пройшов шлях від першості міста до другої ліги чемпіонату України. Після розформування команди працював заступником директора СДЮСШОР «Миколаїв», потім тренером в іншій миколаївській школі — СДЮШОР № 3.

Посилання
 Статистика виступів на офіційному сайті ФФУ
 Візитна картка футболіста на офіційному сайті УПЛ

 Профіль гравця на сайті «УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ФУТБОЛ (історія та статистика)»
 Профіль гравця на сайті footbook.ru
 Правий фланг «Суднобудівника»
 ев'ять років у формі «Суднобудівника» й «Евіса»

Уродженці Глухова
Радянські футболісти
Українські футболісти
Футболісти «Миколаєва»
Футболісти «Кристала» (Херсон)
Футболісти «Енергії» (Южноукраїнськ)
Футболісти «Портовика» (Чорноморськ)
Українські футбольні тренери


Revolutionary Girl Utena fan community!
Welcome to utena_revolution, a community for fans of Revolutionary Girl Utena!
This is the place for Utena fan fiction, fan art, icons, fanmixes, discussion, and more! Gen, slash, and het are all welcome here. All pairings and all ratings are allowed, but please label fic and art appropriately.
1. No off topic posts. If it has to do with Revolutionary Girl Utena, it's fine, anything else doesn't belong here.
2. Do not spam the community. If you'd like to share a related community or web site, that's fine, just don't make multiple posts about it.
3. Large images should go behind a cut. If you're posting more than three icons, put them behind a cut.
4. Fan fiction should be placed behind a cut. Fic headers should at least contain title, pairing, and rating.
5. Spoilers and anything NSFW should be warned for. Add other warnings/contents labels/notes as appropriate.
6. Tag your fan fic. Tags are characters' first names, except for Saionji. Use the "oc" tag for original characters. If you need a tag for a character I don't have listed, let me know and I'll add their name.
7. No flaming. Constructive criticism is acceptable, flames are not.
9. Be nice. If you disagree with someone, be civil.
10. Problems are to be directed to the mod, takemyrevolution, via email or private message.


Yet another person has lost his job following the revelation that he was not just in attendance at the Charlottesville 'Unite the Right' rally last weekend, but was scheduled to be one of the speakers. John Ramondetta, a resident of Berkeley known to fans as Johnny Monoxide, is an alt-right podcaster and the purveyor of a white supremacist blog called The Right Stuff, and until Wednesday was an electrician employed with local company Rosendin Electric, which has been contracting on the new Sutter Health CPMC hospital at Van Ness and Geary, according to KRON 4. The firing appears to have come as a result of a flyer posted at the job site with the header "No Brother of Ours!" and "featuring a number of epithet-laced quotes that purportedly came from Ramondetta's podcasts," as KTVU reports. A press release also went out Monday on a Facebook group affiliated with Ramondetta's union, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local Union No. 6, addressing his involvement with the events in Charlottesville.
Rosendin Electric would not confirm whether or not Ramondetta resigned or was fired, but they would only confirm to the Daily Cal and NBC Bay Area that he was "no longer employed" with the company.
Says the union, "While IBEW Local Union No. 6 does not share the views and opinions expressed by John Ramondetta, we recognize that the Constitution of the United States allows him to express those views and opinions provided that he does so in accordance with the law." The statement went on to say, "The authority of IBEW Local 6 to discipline or otherwise hold Mr. Ramondetta accountable does not extend to the expression of his views and opinions as an individual outside of the workplace."
Union manager John Doherty added, "To be perfectly clear, IBEW Local Union No. 6 also condemns white nationalism and white supremacy."
The Southern Poverty Law Center, which tracks hate groups and alt-right figures, notes in a profile of Ramondetta that he rose to prominence on the far right in 2016 via a strange trajectory, having participated in Occupy Oakland and at least one Black Lives Matter protest. He seems to have made a radical shift to the far right between 2015 and 2016, espousing white supremacist attitudes on various podcasts and blog posts, disparaging both black people and Jewish people in equal measure. Also, he will discuss random theories about aliens, and he believes that the shooting at Sandy Hook was a hoax — an idea that has been pushed heavily by Infowars' Alex Jones in the last year, because it added to arguments in favor of gun control.
The SPLC also notes that Ramondetta appeared alongside noted woman-punching white nationalist Nathan Damigo and Richard Spencer at an event on the UC Berkeley campus in May of 2016.
Ramondetta was reached by phone by the Chronicle, and indicated that he would be issuing a more complete statement at a later date. He did say he was "conferring with people," and that he "knows California law," suggesting that he may try to contest a firing which has not been confirmed as a firing.
This latest incidence of apparent job loss follows on the story of Cole White and his departure from Berkeley hot dog spot Top Dog. White issued a statement Wednesday insisting that he is not a white supremacist, despite the fact that he was attending an event with many white supremacists like Ramondetta in attendance, and scheduled to speak.


From as early as 1892, the Presbyterian Church in New Zealand and primarily the Presbyterian Women's Missionary Union financially supported a number of Women Missionaries working for the United Free Church of Scotland and Church of Scotland Missions in or around Madras and Nagpur in southern India.
The lack of experienced Mission staff and sufficient finance was always problematic and Missionaries worked extermely hard, often to the detriment of their health. Miss Helen MacGregor returned to New Zealand to recuperate after less than three years service, her health broken down under the strain of climate and language study. Tropical illnesses, epidemics, fever and plague were not uncommon visitors and the annual hot season could be trying in the extreme. There was often strong opposition to Christian teachings from non-Christian men who not only objected to the spreading of the Christian faith but also to girls being educated. The system of castes created wide divisions in Indian society which the Missionaries tried to bridge by spreading the Christian Gospel, education and the teaching of new skills. Local festivals and weddings often meant that girls were withdrawn from school for days or weeks on end which could prove extremely frustrating. Placing girls in Boarding Schools enabled the Missionaries to keep their charges from these 'adverse' external influences as much as practicable.
Despite the almost constant under staffing and lack of finance, the Madras Presbyterian Mission went from strength to strength. Many of the students who entered the Mission schools were illiterate but could in time become accomplished students and some became qualified teachers themselves. Miss Alice Henderson (1896 to 1909), having already learnt Tamil then went to the considerable trouble of learning a second native language so that she could teach Telugu girls up to a sufficient standard to gain a recognized Government school qualification, no other avenue being available to them. Miss Henderson also became proficient in Tamil Braille after being made aware of the plight of a number of Indian blind men and instigated a special braille school which taught them handcrafts. For girls with the required ability she set up a lace making school, some becoming certified teachers themselves. The Missionary women overall were extremely dedicated to their Christian cause, intelligent and industrious people. That such single women even contemplated venturing forth onto a foreign continent under such trying circumstances in these early years, far from their homes, families and missionary womens' support networks and earning very low wages for their trouble demonstrates to us today an extremely strong tenacity of character and Christian faith.
In 1903 the NZ Foreign Missions Comittee declared to the Presbyterian Church General Assembly that "The whole church is responsible for the work in Madras, and not just the PWMU". Therefore, from 1903 the Committe accepted full financial responsibility for two Madras Missionaries for a period of three years.
As time passed the strong interest in Indian Mission work from within New Zealand, particularly by the Presbyterian Women's Missionary Union, encouraged the NZ Church to seriously look at opening a Mission presence in India. In 1908 Dr WJ Porteous was sent to India to seek out a suitable Mission area, finally chosing an area in the Punjab (North India). The only Madras Missionary to transfer to the new mission was Miss Alice Henderson who then finally became fully supported financially by the NZ Presbyterian Church. After having worked closely with us in Madras for so many years, the Church of Scotland Missions Committee in Edinburgh graciously wished us well in our new endeavour.
- "Presbyterian Church of New Zealand - Our Missionaries in India 1906"