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53rd NSFC Awards
January 5, 2019

Best Film:
 The Rider

The 53rd National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 5 January 2019, honored the best in film for 2018.

Winners
Winners are listed in boldface along with the runner-up positions and counts from the final round:

Best Picture
 The Rider (44)
 Roma (41)
 Burning (27)

Best Director
 Alfonso Cuarón – Roma (60)
 Lee Chang-dong – Burning (22)
 Chloé Zhao – The Rider (22)

Best Actor
 Ethan Hawke – First Reformed (58)
 Willem Dafoe – At Eternity's Gate (30)
 Ben Foster – Leave No Trace (25)
 John C. Reilly – The Sisters Brothers and Stan & Ollie (25)

Best Actress
 Olivia Colman – The Favourite (36)
 Regina Hall – Support the Girls (33)
 Melissa McCarthy – Can You Ever Forgive Me? (27)

Best Supporting Actor
 Steven Yeun – Burning (40)
 Richard E. Grant – Can You Ever Forgive Me? (35)
 Brian Tyree Henry – If Beale Street Could Talk, Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, and Widows (32)

Best Supporting Actress
 Regina King – If Beale Street Could Talk (47)
 Elizabeth Debicki – Widows (37)
 Emma Stone – The Favourite (24)

Best Screenplay
 Armando Iannucci, David Schneider, and Ian Martin – The Death of Stalin (47)
 Nicole Holofcener and Jeff Whitty – Can You Ever Forgive Me? (27)
 Deborah Davis and Tony McNamara – The Favourite (24)

Best Cinematography
 Alfonso Cuarón – Roma (70)
 James Laxton – If Beale Street Could Talk (26)
 Łukasz Żal – Cold War (24)

Best Foreign Language Film
 Roma – Alfonso Cuarón (44)
 Cold War – Paweł Pawlikowski (34)
 Burning – Lee Chang-dong (30)
 Shoplifters – Hirokazu Kore-eda (30)

Best Non-Fiction Film
 Minding the Gap – Bing Liu (35)
 Shirkers – Sandi Tan (31)
 Amazing Grace – Sydney Pollack (24)

Film Heritage Award
 Museum of Modern Art for restoring Ernst Lubitsch's 1923 film Rosita.
 "The team of producers, editors, restorers, technicians, and cineastes who labored for decades to bring Orson Welles's The Other Side of the Wind to completion for a new generation of movie lovers."

Special Citation
 A Family Tour, a film awaiting American distribution

References

External links
 Official website

2018 film awards
2018 in American cinema

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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RTE star Keith Barry turned down "seven figure" pay packet from top American network
He is also in talks to bring his incredible show back to RTE for a second season next year
Keith Barry turned down a "seven figure" pay packet from top American network.
The magical and mentalist felt that their offer wasn't right after getting the deal over the line.
The concept was his idea but now it could end up on screen with a different presenter at the helm.
He told RSVP Live: "It was a six year deal with one of the major networks out there. It my was my own idea and we got it across the line but it just wasn't right for me.
"Ultimately, it may still air with another mentalist attached to the show and such is the world of TV.
"For me, I don't sign on the dotted line if the deal isn't right. The network didn't think that I would walk away from the deal but I did."
RTE's Keith Barry reveals his incredible weight loss
While he didn't give an exact sum, his pay packet could have reached over €1 million with 16-30 episodes expected to be commissioned.
However, the Waterford man isn't driven by money and it is all about success for him.
Keith explained: "It sounds strange, but I am not in this game for money. If I was, I would have done something else a long time ago because I was poor for a long time.
"It is hard to walk away from a big deal, not because of money though due to the fact that it would have been a massive opportunity for me to have my own series in the US which is the biggest marketplace in the world for what I do.
"I don't get bitter about these things, I just move on and I move on very quickly and try again."
Despite working with networks in America, he would never move there full time with his wife Mairead and their kids Braden and Breanna: "I have moved there for periods of time, my daughter was out there for three months while I was filming my Discovery Channel show and both of them were there for my CW show.
"I bring them there for block periods of time but my home will always be Ireland."
Keith Barry on family life, stunts going wrong and working with A-Listers as he announces third Olympia date for new show 'Deception'
Keith, who is bringing his new show called Insanity around Ireland next month, was the star of a brand new RTE show for the autumn season and he is in talks to bringing back for a second series.
He said: "I don't think I am speaking out of school by saying that RTE were very happy with the end product and the performance, and the ratings were good.
"I was really happy about it as well, so we are in talks for a second season.
"It is a unique format that works really well and we are happy all around but it has yet to be locked in yet.
"Next year, my goal is to do a second series for RTE but also do more TV in the US and the UK."
The internationally acclaimed Mind Magician is bringing 'INSANITY', his most daring and audacious show to date, on tour across Ireland this December 2019 to March 2020.
Tickets available from ticketmaster.ie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As I sit in the ballroom, in the break between emerging artists presentation and closing lecture, I am reflecting on the events of this last week, as many of you are. Saying goodbye to NCECA is always bittersweet. I look forward to sleeping… But the "let-down" feeling from seeing, in this year's case, THREE years of hard work come to an abrupt end is rough. I am excited to see and hug my friends back home, and get on my bike for a nice long ride, but I am sad to leave my NCECA family behind.
As you return back to your regular non-conference life, (complete with sleep and stuff), I'd like to remind you to keep your eye on the blog for lots of year-round information. And keep the app on your device to continue the conference connection year round!
One of the top things on my list will be to get as much conference content online as quickly as possible.
NCECA will once again be preparing a full conference survey to get your feedback so that we can continue to improve each year! Watch for that coming soon to your email, on Facebook, on the blog and so on.
Programming proposals are due May 4th!
If there's something you want to see at the conference, propose it!
While the application period for curators of shows looking for a venue has passed, The call for Venue Originated Exhibitions is open until June 1. If you know of or are a great location in or near Portland which can mount a show, let us know!
My mentor, Glenda Taylor, spoke in her interview of getting involved in the organization by writing for the journal. In modern days, that translates to this blog. I am looking for individuals to write reviews of various conference events, from presentations to demonstrations to exhibitions.
If you have an interest in writing for the blog, please let me know! And also continue to let me know if you have questions about NCECA things. I plan to continue this weekly column sharing bits of information that you may not know. Let me know what perplexes you!


Complete TV Series Fargo by FX. Seasons included: 1,2,3,4 in high quality and low size. Click Scroll to download to select the season.
The life of a quiet and peaceful city is disrupted with the arrival of one person, and turns into a real nightmare from which to hide and hide. In a small town in Minnesota had to stay one tramp named Lorne Malvo. He did not plan to interrupt his journey, but the circumstances were different. On the way, the hero knocked out of nowhere ran out of a deer. Not only that, the animal was injured, so also the hero miraculously survived. nowhere to Go, and Malvo had to go to the hospital, because he almost broke his head. The hospital is often a place for casual meetings and a place for conversations of complete strangers. So the hero met a man named Lester, Nygaard. He works as an insurance agent, but it turns out the man is not the best way. Perhaps he has absolutely no talent for persuasion or he is simply not confident. This is not surprising, because even the wife did not believe in his ability. More recently, Lester met with his old school friend, after which he was severely beaten by him. Malvo offers his new acquaintance the murder of the offender.


The Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) is an initial teaching certification program that prepares those with non-education related bachelor's degrees to become certified teachers. The curriculum provides comprehensive preparation including theories of behavior and learning styles, effective models of teaching, classroom management strategies, and analysis of student data to inform instructional practice.
To satisfy state certification requirements, candidates must successfully complete the coursework, internship, ePortfolio and Praxis II exams in the area of certification. During the internship semester, candidates will complete an edTPA portfolio to be submitted for national scoring. Certain certification areas also have prerequisite course requirements specific to that content area. If you are interested in one or more of the above areas for certification but are not sure if your educational background meets the prerequisite requirements, you may contact enrollment manager Lindsey Robinson at lrobinson@ndm.edu to have your transcripts reviewed prior to the application process.
Unlike many other teacher preparation programs, many of our program completers are certified in multiple content areas.
10-Month MAT/GEI Cohort - Study full-time from July through May while also completing an internship.
Note: A methods course for music candidates will be chosen in collaboration with an academic advisor.
Note: A methods course for business, computer science, and theatre candidates will be chosen in collaboration with an academic advisor.
Use the knowledge of students to inform your teaching practice.
As part of the program requirements, you will complete a one year internship taken at the end of the program which includes a part-time observation experience during the fall and a full-time student teaching experience in the spring.
During the internship year, you will receive support from a mentor teacher and an internship supervisor.
Notre Dame offers more programs in critical shortage areas (PDF) than any other institution in Maryland. By providing programs in these much-needed areas, we help our local schools systems find new teachers and our graduates find teaching jobs.


The Gold Coast has come a long way from being the nation's surfing and nightlife capital in the 1980s. The city's now the fifth-most populated city in Australia and a genuine family-friendly destination with an enviable range of attractions. Tourism is a strong suit, but the city now has a burgeoning construction and real estate industry building towering skyscrapers and large estates.
Some of the Gold Coast's expanding sectors may come as a surprise. The film industry is estimated to have contributed about $1.8 billion in Queensland and particularly on the Gold Coast, where a number of high-profile Hollywood titles have been filmed, including: Thor: Ragnarok, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, The Railway Man and Dora the Explorer.
Considering all the activity, it's not a surprise to see business trips to the Gold Coast rose 19 per cent last year. And the larger the projects in property and film, the more high profile the visitors to the Coast are.
Accommodation is one of the keys to getting the most out of executive level staff or top talent during their visit to the Gold Coast. The right accommodation will make their trip to work hassle-free, reduce their housework and provide an incredible environment conducive to productivity or relaxation.
Elite Holiday Homes offers a portfolio of Gold Coast homes perfectly suited to corporate clients, executive teams and even movie stars or elite production crews.
Elite Holiday Homes are conveniently located in the hubs of the Gold Coast, including Main Beach, Surfers Paradise, Burleigh and Broadbeach, meaning many Elite Holiday Homes are within walking distance of world class dining precincts and beaches. These suburbs are also where some of the city's major projects are taking place.
For those working on the major projects on the north of the coast or in film at Movie World, one of the most popular locations for movie production, My Holiday Concierge is able to organise transfers for guests from Elite Holiday Homes. My Holiday Concierge also specialises in helping guests get to their home from the airport and to the airport from their home.
Elite Holiday Homes can be hired for a period of time ranging from a few days to six months – any time that is specified.
Each Elite Holiday Home comes ready for a stay: set out with high-quality furnishings and professionally cleaned. Through My Holiday Concierge, the option exists to book additional cleans throughout the course of the stay to renew amenities like shampoo, soap, kitchen and laundry liquids; replace linen; or conduct more thorough services including vacuuming and bathroom cleans. My Holiday Concierge's housekeepers and cleaners take time to understand the individual requirements of Elite Holiday Home guests and ensure homes are maintained to an impeccable standard.
If guests don't have the time or inclination to cook, one of My Holiday Concierge's most popular services can come to the rescue. An experienced culinary team can come out to any Elite Holiday Home and cook up a two-course feast from a set menu or create a custom-made menu that guests desire.
Elite Holiday Homes are designed with an emphasis on detail. Each home is equipped with high-end appliances and furnishings, while artwork and internal colour palettes inspired by the city's surrounds helps guests feel truly at home during their stay.
Whether guests are looking to escape from work, or work in peace at home, an Elite Holiday Home is the perfect environment. All homes come with a comprehensive Foxtel package, while many feature a combination of an outdoor pool, a cinema room, entertainment room and pool table for relaxation or unstructured fun. Each home also has a Wi-Fi package, so work can easily be completed at home and the expansive indoor/outdoor spaces ensure comfort for work – or, potentially, room for meetings. Many of the homes are located on the waterfront or even beachfront – a tranquil setting for working or relaxing at the end of a long day.
Elite Holiday Homes range in size from the four-bedroom Mermaid Beach Break for up to eight people, to the 10-bedroom Eutopia, which can fit 20 people. Bedrooms are expansive and offer plenty of personal space and privacy.
It is also worth considering that Elite Holiday Homes are generally competitive with hotel prices. For example, consider the Jewel of Broadbeach, available in October for $918 a night, which equates to $153 per bedroom per night, while a hotel apartment of a similar standard is $176 per night. Or the five-bedroom Point Break on Burleigh, which is available during October for $645 per night, or $129 per bedroom per night, compared to similar accommodation in the suburb for $280 a night.
Find your next executive rental by perusing the Elite Holiday Home portfolio here. The availability of homes is on this page. Alternatively, contact us today to find out specials we can offer for long-term bookings on +61 7 5592 3881 or info@eliteholidayhomes.com.au.


text:
from flask import render_template, redirect, url_for, flash, request, current_app
from . import main
from ..models import Article
from sqlalchemy import desc

@main.route('/', methods=['GET'])
@main.route('/index', methods=['GET'])
@main.route('/index/<int:page>', methods=['GET'])
def index(page=1):
    app = current_app._get_current_object()
    pages = Article.query.order_by(desc(Article.create_time)).paginate(page, app.config['POSTS_PER_PAGE'], False)
    list = pages.items
    return render_template('index.html', pages=pages, list=list)

@main.route('/read/<int:id>', methods=['GET'])
def read(id):
    a = Article.query.get_or_404(id)
    if a is not None:
        return render_template('read.html', a=a)
    flash(u'未找到相关文章')
    return redirect(url_for('main.index'))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Background Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). Hence, this study was conducted to formulate emulsion-based beverage using natural food emulsifiers and to understand the interactions between emulsion compositions and flavor compounds. Results The influences of modified starch (x1), whey protein isolate (x2), soursop flavor oil (x3) and deionized water (x4) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the matrix and structural compositions of the beverage emulsions. Interface formed using modified starch and whey protein isolate (WPI) proved to be capable of inhibiting the release of volatile flavor compounds from the oil to the aqueous phase. Modified starch could retard the overall flavor release through its hydrophobic interactions with volatile flavor compounds and viscosity enhancement effect. Excessive amount of modified starch was also shown to be detrimental to the stability of emulsion system. However, both modified starch and WPI showed to be a much more effective barrier in inhibiting the flavor release of flavor compounds when used as individual emulsifier than as a mixture. Conclusions Overall, the mixture design can be practical in elucidating the complex interactions between key food components and volatile flavor compounds in an emulsion system. These studies will be useful for the manufacturers for the formulation of an optimum beverage emulsion with desirable emulsion properties and desirable flavor release profile.
Investigates the rheological properties and the equilibrium colloidal phase behavior of concentrated dispersions of a temperature sensitive microgel. Characterization of the PNiPAM particles in dilute solution; Rheological behavior; Phase behavior.
Abstract  The temperature dependences of the viscosity are investigated for three series of glass melts in the SrO-B2O3-SiO2 system with a constant strontium oxide content equal to 35, 40, or 45 mol % in the viscosity range from 1010 to 1013 P.
Studies the large strain rheology of a model three-dimensional particle gel using Brownian dynamics simulation. Formation of the gel from soft spherical particles; Structural disruption in response to large deformations; Non-Hookean bonding interactions.
Influence of water content and mechanical action on the viscosity of acrylamide hydrogels is studied. It is shown that an anomalous viscous and viscoplastic flows occur at a low and high water content, respectively. Peculiarities of the hydrogel destruction at different water content are discussed.


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HOME > The Bachelor > The Bachelor 25
ABC/Craig Sjodin
Bachelor spoilers: Who did Matt James pick as his 'The Bachelor' winner and end up with? What happens on 'The Bachelor's 2021 season? (SPOILERS)
Bachelor spoilers revealing what will happen on The Bachelor's 2021 season with Matt James and how it will end have continued to emerge -- including spoilers that reveal The Bachelor star's Final 4 bachelorettes, Matt's Final 2 bachelorettes, and who Matt allegedly picked as his winner and ended up with!
[The Bachelor Spoilers Warning: This report features spoilers for the 2021 season of The Bachelor starring Matt James, including who Matt picks as his winner and Final 2 bachelorettes and will spoil the season.]
Matt's The Bachelor season taped at Nemacolin Woodlands Resort in Pennsylvania and filmed from October 10 to around November 21, according to Reality Steve spoiler blogger Steve Carbone.
RELATED LINK: 'THE BACHELOR' SEASON 25 BACHELORETTES: MEET ALL OF MATT JAMES' LADIES! (PHOTOS)
Matt, a 28-year-old real estate broker, is still in the beginning stages of finding his perfect match, as 24 women remain on the show heading into the season's third episode.
Matt is beginning to develop strong connections with multiple women.
In the latest episode, Matt gave Bri Springs, a 24-year-old communications manager from Owatonna, MN, and Sarah Trott, a 24-year-old broadcast journalist from San Diego, CA,roses on their respective one-on-one dates.
And Matt was blown away by Lauren Maddox, a 29-year-old corporate attorney from Miami, FL, during the first group date of the season, so she also received a rose.
But Matt is already tangled in drama with Victoria Larson, a 27-year-old self-described "queen" from New York, NY, and Marylynn Sienna, a 28-year-old event coordinator from Huntington Beach, CA.
Matt told The Bachelor host Chris Harrison that he was going to follow his gut but really didn't know which woman to believe.
At the second Rose Ceremony of the season, Matt began handing out roses to women he wanted to continue dating: Pieper James, a 24-year-old graduate student from Happy Valley, OR; Kit Keenan, a 21-year-old fashion entrepreneur from New York, NY; and Magi Tareke, a 32-year-old pharmacist from Adwa, Ethiopia.
Rachael Kirkconnell, a 24-year-old graphic designer from Cumming, GA, also earned a rose, followed by Abigail Heringer, a 25-year-old client financial from Salem, OR; Chelsea Vaughn, a 29-year-old runway model from Marietta, GA; and Jessenia Cruz, a 27-year-old social media marketer from San Antonio, TX.
Matt also gave a rose to Katie Thurston, a 29-year-old bank marketing manager from Lynnwood, WA.
RELATED LINK: 'THE BACHELORETTE' COUPLES NOW: WHOM DID 'THE BACHELORETTE' STARS AND THEIR BACHELOR PICKS ULTIMATELY END UP WITH?! (PHOTOS)
But suddenly, Sarah found herself feeling dizzy and faint, and she left the Rose Ceremony and dropped to her knees.
"I'm so grateful I have a rose because Victoria ruined the night. Maybe he sees a different side to her, but the longer she's here, the more I question my relationship with Matt," Sarah vented.
"I never felt like this before, and right now, I'm just overwhelmed."
Matt's second Rose Ceremony will continue in the next episode.
The women who will be hoping to receive a rose include MJ Snyder, a 23-year-old hairstylist from Hudson, OH; Serena Pitt, a 22-year-old publicist from Markham, ON; Khaylah Epps, a 28-year-old healthcare advocate from Bronx, NY; and Kristin Hopkins, a 27-year-old attorney from Virginia Beach, VA.
Other hopefuls include Mariela "Mari" Pepin, a 24-year-old marketing director from Luquillo, Puerto Rico; Illeana Pennetto, a 25-year-old health food developer from South Salem, NY; Kaili Anderson, a 26-year-old hostess from San Diego, CA; and Sydney Johnson, a 28-year-old marketing specialist from Franklin, TN.
The remaining women are Alana Milne, a 26-year-old photographer from San Antonio, TX; Anna Redman, a 24-year-old copywriter from Owatonna, MN; and Serena Chew, a 24-year-old flight attendant from San Bruno, CA.
So which bachelorette ended up with Matt and is The Bachelor star engaged to the woman of his dreams? Keep reading to find out The Bachelor spoilers Matt's 2021 season.
The Bachelor Episode 3 spoilers
The Bachelor's next episode is set to air Monday, January 18 from 8-10PM ET/PT on ABC.
The broadcast will begin where the January 11 episode had left off, with Sarah seeing stars in the middle of the season's second Rose Ceremony.
ABC teased that Sarah finds herself "at the center of an emotional firestorm" as the Rose Ceremony continues.
And the second group date of Season 25 will feature some steamy love scenes.
Hosted by The Bachelor alum Ashley Iaconetti, the participating women will be asked to write their own hot love scenes with Matt and read them to him in front of a live audience.
Serena P. will also discover whether her initial feelings for Matt could develop into something more serious.
But the episode won't be all fun and games, as Matt faces his biggest fear and is left "devastated" on The Bachelor.
Matt James had "a rude awakening" during The Bachelor
Chris told Us that The Bachelor process really changed Matt and "opened [his] eyes."
Chris said Matt is now "a different man than when he came to us" when filming began.
"He got really a crash course because he didn't get the few steps of being on the show. He really just ripped the Band-Aid off and sometimes that hurts a little bit," Chris shared.
"So, I think he had a bit of a rude awakening of the man he is, the way he loves [and] what love means to him."
Chris teased that fans will take a really "amazing journey" with Matt, "not just as the Bachelor but also as this man who realizes, 'Wow, okay, this is love and this is what it means and I'm really here to find this.'"
Chris also admitted that production had a thing or two to learn given their leading man hadn't appeared on a previous The Bachelorette season, which is when cast members learn the ropes of filming.
The season added more The Bachelor bachelorettes later on
At the conclusion of The Bachelor's January 4 premiere, ABC aired a season preview that showed additional bachelorettes joined the season sometime after Night 1's Rose Ceremony.
Chris Harrison had already previously confirmed a Season 25 spoiler that more women -- including a face already familiar to viewers, and another already familiar to Matt -- joined the cast of bachelorettes later in the season.
"There are 32 women, a record-number of women applied for Matt James. That's how many arrive on Night 1," Chris said during an interview with Entertainment Tonight.
"That's not how many we'll end up with."
Chris shared, "There will be more than those that arrive, and I can also give you this nugget: one woman who arrives is a very, very familiar face to Bachelor Nation."
RELATED LINK: 'THE BACHELOR' SEASON 25 BACHELORETTES ANNOUNCED! MEET ALL OF MATT JAMES' LADIES! (PHOTOS)
Carbone had previously reported that The Bachelor welcomed five additional women onto the show after Matt's second Rose Ceremony of the season, followed by a sixth "familiar face" -- whom Chris had mentioned -- later on.
"The (SPOILER) is, after Rose Ceremony #2, they bring 5 women in," Carbone tweeted on December 11.
According to Carbone the five additional bachelorettes who joined the season after the second Rose Ceremony were Brittany Galvin, a 23-year-old from Chicago, IL; Catalina Morales, a 29-year-old from Caguas, Puerto Rico; Kim Li, a 28-year-old from Cypress, CA; Michelle Young, a 227-year-old from Woodbury, MN; and Ryan Claytor, a 25-year-old from Mechanicsville, VA.
All five women were members of the group of 43 possible bachelorettes ABC had announced before Matt's season of The Bachelor began filming.
Matt's ex wasn't part of the cast despite prior claims
Carbone had initially reported that Matt's ex-girlfriend, Madison Nelson, a 27-year-old from Granger, IN, was one of the five bachelorettes to join Matt's cast following the second Rose Ceremony.
"Some tea for you already: Apparently Madison Nelson was dating Matt last summer when Tyler was seeing [Gigi Hadid]," Carbone tweeted in early December.
"Went to one of the fashion shows with him. Here they are together. Heard they were together for at least a couple months."
However, Carbone clarified in a January 4 blog post that he was incorrect about Madison's appearance on the show.
"I originally thought that Madison Nelson was one of the five, but was told she is not," Carbone wrote.
"Was actually told once they found out she HAD dated Matt last summer, they decided against bringing her on."
According to Carbone, Madison and Matt dated in 2019 and she was hoping to win him back on The Bachelor but was clearly disappointed.
Heather Martin also tried to join Matt's The Bachelor season
In addition to revealing additional bachelorettes joined the season after Night 1, the season preview ABC aired at the conclusion of The Bachelor's January 4 premiere also showed former The Bachelor bachelorette attempts to join Matt's group of suitors at some point in the season.
Heather, a close friend of former The Bachelorette star Hannah Brown, originally appeared on Colton Underwood's season of The Bachelor along with Hannah in 2019.
Heather's The Bachelor return had been previously announced by Carbone.
"We know Heather Martin shows up," Carbone tweeted late last year.
Carbone clarified on his blog that Heather did not join the show after the second Rose Ceremony like the other five women.
"[This means] all in all, Matt meets 38 women (original 32, the 5 that come after Rose Ceremony #2, then whenever Heather shows up) at some point this season, which is more than any previous 'Bachelor' did in history," Carbone wrote in a blog post.
"Why did they hold 5 women from the group of original 43 for two Rose Ceremonies before bringing them on? Because they can?... They do it for dramatic purposes."
Carbone believes Hannah put Heather up to appearing on The Bachelor since the women are such great friends and Hannah became close to Matt while she was quarantining with him and Tyler in Florida earlier this year.
"Clearly Hannah told [Heather] this would be a good idea since she's friends with Matt (you know, Quarantine Crew and all), and I guess convinced Heather she thought the two of them would get along," Carbone explained.
But Heather Martin's The Bachelor appearance was really short
While it's unclear when exactly Heather made her appearance, Carbone reported that her stint on The Bachelor's 25th season didn't last long.
In fact, Carbone revealed in a December blog post Heather only stuck around for a few hours!
"Here's what I know: [Heather] doesn't show up the first night, it's somewhere after filming is already started, and she's literally there only a few hours as Matt sends her home the same day she arrives," Carbone wrote.
Carbone doesn't know why Matt chose to give Heather the boot so early.
"I don't know Matt's reasoning for sending Heather home so quick... But Heather showing up on Matt's season and getting eliminated the same day, well, kinda embarrassing," Carbone wrote.
Heather was a 23-year-old from Carlsbad, CA, when she appeared on Colton's The Bachelor edition.
ABC labeled her occupation as "never been kissed" at the start of The Bachelor's season, but Heather did in fact kiss Colton during the show.
Heather quit The Bachelor process before hometown dates because she said she wasn't ready to take the step of introducing Colton to her parents and family.
Who else didn't last very long on The Bachelor season?
Although Carbone hasn't been able to pinpoint when each woman goes home, he released a list of twelve bachelorettes who allegedly didn't last very long on Matt's The Bachelor season.
According to Carbone's January 4 blog post, all the women on his list all went home before the third Rose Ceremony or so.
"There's obviously more that would go home during that time, but these women I know aren't major players at all this season," Carbone wrote, before rattling off his list of rejected bachelorettes.
Seven of the twelve bachelorettes on Carbone's list were among the eight women Matt sent home at the season's first Rose Ceremony (Casandra was the only Night 1 eliminee missing from his list).
The five remaining women from Carbone's list who were not eliminated at the season's Night 1 Rose Ceremony are Alana Milne, a 26-year-old from San Antonio, TX; Illeana Pennetto, a 25-year-old from South Salem, NY; Khaylah Epps, a 28-year-old from Bronx, NY; Kristin Hopkins, a 27-year-old from Virginia Beach, VA; and Sydney Johnson, a 28-year-old from Franklin, TN.
Carbone acknowledged his spoiler information is much spottier than prior season given Matt's The Bachelor season followed the same format as last year's The Bachelorette season and was filmed at a single resort.
"So kinda like last season, I have information about things, but not necessarily full details," Carbone wrote in his blog.
For example, Carbone reported last year that Zac Clark and Ben Smith finished as Tayshia Adams' Final 2 bachelorettes and Brendan Morais self-eliminated.
"[The spoilers] ended up being right in the end, but the details surrounding it weren't there," Carbone explained in his January 4 blog post.
"Not knowing Ben actually went home at [the final] 4 then came back, or when Brendan eliminated himself. So it makes it tougher to know how much is true. Same deal this season as I have things I was told, but without details behind it, you just never know."
Matt's Final 4 bachelorettes included reportedly Rachael Kirkconnell, Serena Pitt and Michelle Young
Carbone claims he only knows three of Matt's Final 4 bachelorettes for certain.
Carbone reported Serena Pitt, a 22-year-old from Markham, ON; Rachael Kirkconnell, a 24-year-old from Cumming, GA; and Michelle Young -- one of the five bachelorettes who joined the show after the second Rose Ceremony -- made it to Matt's Final 4.
"I do not know who the 4th girl is," Carbone admitted.
However, Carbone has heard that Bri Springs, a 24-year-old from Owatonna, MN, also made it to Matt's Final 4 women.
"I haven't gotten the confirmation I needed... If/When I get solid confirmation, I'll let you know if Bri is in fact the 4th girl," Carbone wrote in his blog.
Carbone clarified that if Bri becomes the fourth girl, that doesn't mean she was eliminated from Matt's The Bachelor season in fourth place.
"I'm just trying to give you the 4 girls that got hometown dates. Serena P., Rachael, and Michelle definitely did," Carbone reported.
Matt allegedly picked Michelle Young and Rachael Kirkconnell as his Final 2 bachelorettes
According to Carbone, Michelle Young and Rachael Kirkconnell finished as Matt's Final 2 bachelorettes.
"I was told 'Michelle and Rachael were final 2,'" Carbone claimed in his blog.
Matt's BFF Tyler visited The Bachelor star on-location while the season was filming and revealed in an early December vlog that Matt seemed "extremely happy."
"He loves his girls... He spoke so highly of them," Tyler shared. "He's really pushing himself to be vulnerable and put himself out there, and I think you're got to get a great season and a great Matt."
Tyler predicted, "I'm excited to see how all of this ends here, because Matt seems genuinely happy. I think we're going to get the ending we all want and have been missing for a while."
So who did Matt James pick as his The Bachelor winner, and is he engaged?
Carbone is "positive" that Serena Pitt and Michelle Young did not ultimately win Matt's heart.
Carbone reported in his January 4 blog post that he believes Rachael received Matt's final rose of the season.
"I was told, 'Michelle and Rachael were final 2, and Rachael wins,'" Carbone revealed.
The spoiler blogger, however, isn't totally confident in the knowledge he has about the winner.
"If you believe everything coming out of the small town of Cumming, GA, then it's Rachael Kirkconnell [who won]," Carbone explained.
"Because for the last month, all I keep being told out of Cumming is that Rachael won, and all her friends and family know and they're telling everyone."
But Carbone noted he heard similar information about Madison Prewett during Peter Weber's The Bachelor season -- and that information ultimately turned out to be incorrect.
(Peter got engaged to Hannah Ann Sluss at the Final Rose Ceremony after Madison quit the show in second place. After Peter and Hannah Ann split, Peter briefly reunited with Madison but the pair never really got their relationship off the ground and broke up within a few days).
"I never ran with it because I was never convinced it was that easy. And it ended up being wrong anyway," Carbone explained.
"Maybe Rachael did win. All I'm saying is that if she did, she, her family, and her friends are doing an awful job of keeping it secret."
Carbone therefore questions if Rachael's alleged victory is another situation in which someone started a false rumor about her winning and it then spread like wildfire.
"I'm not 100 percent sold on it yet, but, I'm just telling you that's the one I've heard most," Carbone wrote.
Carbone said all signs are pointing to Rachael winning.
The spoiler blogger said he expects to hear more details as Matt's season unfolds on TV.
"But that's what I got for you right now," Carbone concluded.
Interested in more The Bachelor news? Join our The Bachelor Facebook Group!
THE BACHELOR 25
THE BACHELOR SPOILERS
MORE THE BACHELOR 25 NEWS
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'90 Day Fiance' star Fernanda Flores says she's going to be "single for a long time," slams ex-husband Jonathan Rivera
Tyler Cameron, Rachael Kirkconnell and Matt James finally explain the cause of Tyler and Rachael's feud
Chris Harrison reveals biggest regret from 'The Bachelor' scandal that cost him his job
'The Bachelorette' alum Tyler Cameron reveals he "clashes" with Rachael Kirkconnell and if Matt James friendship has changed
'The Bachelor' alum Rachael Kirkconnell: I've only given Matt James "a timeline" on one thing!
'The Bachelor' alum Matt James slams franchise again, says it failed him and turned Rachael Kirkconnell romance into a "circus"
'Married at First Sight' star Domynique Kloss: Mackinley Gilbert wasn't my "type"
'The Bachelorette' alum Tyler Cameron spotted kissing mystery woman after Kristin Cavallari date
'The Bachelor' star Zach Shallcross reveals what happened with Rachel Recchia during their overnight Fantasy Suite date
'90 Day Fiance' couple Ed Brown and Liz Woods reconciled after Tell-All split and are back together
'Bachelor in Paradise' couple Astrid Loch and Kevin Wendt share IVF update as they try for second baby
Bachelor spoilers: What happens on Zach Shallcross' 'The Bachelor' season? Who did Zach pick and end up with as his final bacheloretttes? (SPOILERS)
Abigail Heringer - Alana Milne - Alicia Holloway - Amber Andrews - Anna Redman - Bri Springs - Brittany Galvin - Carolyn Vallejo - Casandra Suarez - Chelsea Vaughn - Chris Harrison - Corrinne Jones - Emani Curl - Illeana Pennetto - Jessenia Cruz - Kaili Anderson - Katie Thurston - Khaylah Epps - Kimberly Courneya - Kit Keenan - Kristin Hopkins - Lauren Maddox - Madison Nelson - Magi Tareke - Mariela Pepin-Solis - Marylynn Sienna - Matt James - Michelle Young - MJ Snyder - Pieper James - Rachael Kirkconnell - Ryan Claytor - Saneh Ste Clare - Sarah Trott - Serena Chew - Serena Pitt - Sydney Johnson - Victoria Larson
Page generated Sat Jan 28, 2023 1:41 am in 1.7999398708344 seconds


text:
- When you're using an external library or a very well tested algorithm and your code relies on it to work but it isn't, you are probably using it in the **wrong** way or there is a **logical problem** in your code. Programmers always tend to blame someone'else code instead of their own.

- Watch for Java's **finally** or Ruby's **ensure** operations, or any other **finallyish** function and what you're releasing. Not everything should be released or it's suitable to be released in that moment. Although it is the right place to do such a thing, you may have forgotten the resource was released and you try to use it somewhere else.

- Be careful with async/await in a monothread model. Just because they are not running parallely doesn't mean someone else can't change your values.

- Never underestimate the possibility of an IO operation failure. Any kind of IO operation can and eventually will fail, no matter how odd the chances are.

## GIT

- Always lock the master branch, preventing it from direct push or forced push. Use pull request and new commits instead.

## Postgresql
- Don't forget to **sort the row_col column** if you're using postgres's **crosstab**.
- `SELECT 'infinity'::DATE` is the biggest date ever in postgres.

## Access control System design
- DO NOT FORGET THIS SCENARIO: Imagine you're implementing an access control system and you set permissions in all CRUD actions. Now, imagine you have the following situation:
_User A_ can't list categories (they don't have access to list categories screen), but _User A_ can access post creation screen and in post creation screen there is a list of categories. They don't have direct access to list categories but can list categories in post creation screen.


text:
The evolution of bottlenecks in the Big Data ecosystem
Publication date 12/10/2015 by Benjamin Joyen-Conseil, Oliver Baillot
I propose in this paper a chronological review of the events and ideas that have contributed to the emergence of Big Data technologies of today and tomorrow. What we can see regarding bottlenecks is that they move according to the technical progress we make. Today is the JVM garbage collector, tomorrow will be a different problem.
Here is my side of the story:
The early days of the web
The Web era has dramatically changed things in term of data. We have progressed from a rather rigid model of RDBMS that was designed for the IT management (inventory management, accounting) to IT content, extremely diversified and in large quantities:
At the beginning, Google's index referenced 26 million web pages (in 1998).
Assuming that a web page weighs 100 Ko at the time, we can estimate at 2.5 TB the data volume to index!
Two years later, the volume index already exceeded 100 To …
A quote by Nissan Hajaj, an engineer at Google Search, symbolizes this awareness:
"We've known it for a long time : the web is big."
First observation: Scalability
Google needs to combine two elements so its idea can work
A high computing power
A large power storage
At the time, two ways existed for intensive computations:
The super computer (eg. IBM with Big Blue)
The first uses the principle of scale-up, in other words: just add RAM and CPU on the motherboard to increase the power.
The second applies the principle of scale-out, add a machine in the cluster to increase its power. It is found under the term horizontal scalability.
Second observation: the variety of information to be processed
The content of sites that Google must index is highly variable.
Indeed, HTML produces pages all very different (in size, content, etc …). It is not conceivable to store it in an RDBMS designed to handle specific types with a fixed size (INTEGER, VARCHAR (255), timestamp, etc …).
To anticipate the evolution of the Web, it is necessary to not define any structure, any type, at the moment of the data storage in order to change the structure seamlessly.
We therefore need a system that Google knows how to interpret when the data type is read, instead of defining it when it is written. A sort of brute force to perform Web indexing batches.
Parallelization techniques
One is said shared memory paradigm. This is the case in a single machine that owns multiple CPUs (or cores). CPUs share the same RAM memory in which they access.
The other paradigm is said distributed memory. We have several machines, each one with its own memory. The idea is to transfer information at each step. A loop runs on each machine, and at each iteration, there is a synchronization mechanism to communicate information between machines (Message Passing).
In the clustering case, the strategies used with Message Passing for the distribution and the data retrieval (scatter, gather, broadcast, reduction) use a master node with dataset and workers (running nodes). The data will be downloaded and processed over the cluster, then the result will be retrieved on the master.
If the first solution to process our dataset is to communicate over the network, the network will form a bottleneck for a data-intensive workload.
Doing the math quickly:
(26 million pages * 100 KB in size) / 100 Kbits bandwidth per second / 60s / 60min / 24h = 2.5 days of data transfer.
At the time, these kind of problems rarely occured. MPI (Message Passing Interface) was the library used for intensive computing, it was not designed for large data processing.
But according to Google, it is a new use case that is not treated by any existing solution.
Google's treatments (compute the PageRank, building a reverse index) are long-term processing. Within a distributed environment, the probability of a failed treatment increases with the number of machines running parallel processing. This means that Google should think about a way to tolerate the error (known as fault tolerance).
From these successive observations, Google has been inspired by functional programming to create a new approach within a distributed environment: MapReduce
Use case 1: Batch processing to index the Web
The basic principle is to remove this bottleneck known as the network:
Moving binaries, rather than the data.
Instead of distributing the data at the reading stage, we will distribute the data at the writing stage over multiple machines.
At the reading stage, there will be only the compiled code that will transit over the network instead of 10TB of HTML pages.
Moreover, the MapReduce paradigm aims greatly to simplify the writing of parallel programs. Progress existed so MPI could co-locate data but it never really materialized because it was not very intuitive and added more complexity.
The fault tolerance is easier to implement: when the data is written, the data is then replicated to different locations. In case of a machine failure containing the information, we will be able to perform our treatment on the replicated data.
Hadoop came in 2006. To build itself, Hadoop requires a distributed file system Nutch File System (currently HDFS), and an implementation of Google MapReduce's paper. The framework is written in Java, the simple reason is: "Java is portable, easy to debug and widely acclaimed by the community", said Doug Cutting, its main creator.
With MapReduce, we are using another data-model to represent our recordings: key/value.
The perks of this model is its simplicity to be distributed. Each machine gets a key sequence to manage. It is easy to iterate in parallel over each key and perform a treatment on the value. The number of sequences defines the degree of parallelism (number of machines which process a parallel sequence).
// map phase. Ce code est exécuté sur chaque worker
while(recordIterator.hasNext) {
record = recordIterator.next;
map(record.key, record.value);
The user (developer MapReduce) only needs to specify the purpose of the map() méthod.
The new pairs of key/value generated by the mappers are then distributed to the reducers through the network. This sending stage is called the "Shuffle & Sort".
We can notice that MapReduce is not really a complete solution regarding network issues. Indeed, the shuffle & sort stage mainly uses the network as an exchange medium output data of the map stage to the reducers.
The good practice to adopt in the mappers is to filter records, plan (reduce the number of columns), pre-aggregate and compress to significantly reduce the data travelling over the network in the next phase.
Unfortunately, these practices are applicable only in individual cases, it is difficult to find a comprehensive solution to this problem.
Use case 2: iterative processing for analytics
Around 2008, we begin to see a new use case: the need for a higher level of language to express a distributed processing. A language designed for the data, the SQL.
Facebook develops Hive, a SQL engine generating MapReduce in 2009.
Google introduced Dremel, a distributed datastore interpreting SQL and "optimizing" the full scan (fun), which will give birth to the project Apache Drill (worn by MapR). Impala, Presto, Apache Phoenix, Druid, Pinot, are all so many technologies that will address this need of large volume analysis.
In short, the Analytics is the new use case.
Meanwhile, we begin to see tests in the field of artificial intelligence. The Machine Learning is entering in the Hadoop ecosystem with Apache Mahout and opens new perspectives that stimulate the specialized press.
These two new possibilities on Hadoop (analytics and machine learning) have a common characteristic: they consist of iterations.
Thus, an SQL query is made of several joints that will be split into multiple MapReduce jobs, storing the intermediate result on HDFS. A clustering algorithm such as K-means proceeds by successive iterations until the centroids reach a steady state.
They are given the name of iterative algorithms.
At the end of each MapReduce iteration, we store the intermediate result on HDFS for the next iteration. Not only we stored on any hard drive, but the data will be replicated (3 times by default).
Then, in the next iteration the intermediate data need to be reload in memory (during the map) to send them directly to the reducers (with shuffle!).
It turns out that HDFS is a rather slow abstraction (30MB / s write, 60MB / s average read SATA) that just increase the overall processing time.
As you would have guessed, I/O disks are the new bottleneck.
This bottleneck already existed in reality, but it was masked by the I/O network, and it was not too painful for batch processing.
To minimize the impact of an iteration, we will do what we usually do when we have a need to read / write the data quickly: cache in RAM.
Random Access Memories :
Fortunately, the price of memory has dropped a lot and it is common for some time to find servers with 128 or 256 Go of RAM.
So we can imagine that a dataset of 1TB (replicated) could be hold in memory on a small cluster of about 12 servers…
That is how, Spark occurred in 2010 (the research paper). The Framework is introduced by UC Berkley to solve precisely this type of iterative workload. They think about an abstract data model going through the iterations: the RDD (Resilient Distributed Dataset paper)
An RDD is a collection of records, distributed across a cluster, recovered from a context initialized at the beginning of the job.
//records représente un RDD JavaRDD<String> records = spark.textFile("hdfs://...");
Transformations or actions are successively applied. These two concepts, specific to the Spark's vocabulary can be generalized by what is called a transaction. It exists map side operators and reduce side operators (shuffle operator). The difference between one and the other is that the reduce side is an operator type that triggers the shuffle (redistribution phase by the network of key / value pairs) before the execution. Spark is not the only abstraction based on MapReduce, most of the frameworks, dataflow type (to express a sequence of transformations) use these same concepts: Apache Flink, Apache Crunch, Cascading, Apache Pig, etc …
records.filter(...) // est une opération map-side
records.groupByKey() // est une opération reduce-side
With Spark, one action generates a run with a shuffle phase.
There are different types of RDD, some offering caching functions particularly to clarify that a dataset will be used on several iterations (thus hiding the intermediate results). The dataset will be stored either in a local cache in RAM or on disk or shared between RAM and disk.
records.cache();
But this is not the only factor of intermediary time acceleration. Spark recycles "executors" – the JVMs used to execute treatments – cleverly. We realized that some of the Hadoop latency was coming from the JVM's startup. Recycling enabled to reduce the time processing of 20 seconds per iteration (in the Hadoop case, a container takes 30 seconds to initialize).
The trick was already in Hadoop (the property mapred.job.reus.jvm.num.tasks in the Hadoop v1 configuration) but was not by default enabled.
With improvements in terms of latency by recycling JVMs and through the use of caches, we begin to see more and more interactive systems. Spark offers an interactive console (bin/spark-shell) to type and run code (Scala and Python languages).
Use case 3: Interactive queries
It is a kind of iterative algorithm.
SQL, as we have seen, has become an important point on Hadoop. The shortcut quickly made about Big Data technologies supporting SQL, will be to compare the latency with older systems which themselves used SQL (but processing small volumes): under an average of one minute to display the result of a query.
Business teams, analysts, BI engineers have access to all that power so they can "interact" with the data and extract value.
Hive – with initiatives such as Stinger and Stinger.next – are moving in this direction. It offers new runtimes environment, more suited to the "interactive" (Tez, Spark) to decrease processes on adhoc queries.
The challenge of these new analysis engine (Spark, Flink, Tez, Ignite) is able to store very large amounts of data in memory. We therefore increases the size of the JAVA Heap containers (Xmx the options ans Xms JVM). It will take more RAM. From 2 to 4 GB on average for MapReduce, it will grow to 8 or 16GB for Spark, Tez and Flink.
For I/O disk, they will be reduced by increasing the Heap simply because we had the ability to store more objects in memory.
Interactive processing therefore lead to more substantial memory sizes to manage for the JVM, although many small objects are allocated (dataset records), frequently (with every new adhoc query).
We find ourselves in a new bottleneck: the garbage collector
GC limits
The JVM's garbage collector is a very powerful mechanism, greatly facilitating the management JVM's memory (Heap). It automates the deallocation of unused objects.
To manage its objects, it is a graph wherein a node represents an object, and an arc connected to another node corresponds to a reference (an object that references another).
If an object has no arc connected to itself, it means it is no longer referenced by any other object, so it can be deallocated when the next collection occurs (it is "marked").
Logically, time travel of the objects collection is proportional to the number of existing objects in the Heap, and therefore the size of the Heap (the bigger it is, the more you can put in).
The garbage collector puts the whole system on hold in some cases (concurrence issue).
Here are some examples causing pause:
Resizing the Heap (it oscillates between Xms and Xmx)
Garbage collection (GC compaction)
Promotion of objects in the generation Tenured
Tagging live objects
If you are interested to dig deeper the GC process, Martin Thompson gave a very good explanation.
In the diagram below, we see that breaks completely stop the system to complete their treatment, whether performed in parallel or not. It is also called STW pauses, standing for Stop The World.
Spark collections are often composed of millions or billions of records, represented by instances. All these fast allocations and deallocations are fragmenting a lot the memory.
The garbage collector is triggered at a frequency which varies depending on the use of the Heap. If it no longer offers enough memory to requests for allocation, the garbage collector will conduct a collection to free up space.
If it is too fragmented, the JVM will perform a compaction following a collection.
These passages are sometimes too long for the interactive (imagine 30 seconds of GC pause). That is why the main current work on performance Spark is about the garbage collector. Daoyuan Wang's company Databricks (main contributor Spark) gives an overview of possible tweaks in a post titled "Tuning Java Garbage Collection for Spark Applications".
Philippe Prados raises the question of the future of the GC in a previous article Blog OCTO: The next death of the garbage collector?
"Today, the configuration has evolved enough to put the garbage collector on. Incremental developments, which are real, respond less and less to requests. GC are evolving, but not fast enough in relation to their environment."
This is why engineers will start looking for solutions elsewhere…
How to fool the GC?
In distributed data systems processing (using Java technology), we observe two variants to try to reduce the impact of garbage collection in the JVM.
Hide objects during garbage collector
Use the native memory rather than the Heap
Both variants use the same JDK class: the ByteBuffer
A ByteBuffer is a type of object that encapsulates an array of bytes with access methods. The binary information is serialized in advance before storing it into the ByteBuffer. It is a kind of low-level container, in which we will store our collections of objects.
According to the documentation, there are two types of ByteBuffer:
Non-Direct ByteBuffer is a buffer allocated in the Heap up to a maximum size of 2GB. The Non-Direct ByteBuffer is used to conceal the object references in the GC. All our objects are serialized (e.g instances of records in Spark) and then inserted side by side in some Non-Direct ByteBuffer having the role of page, memory segment. Thus, there are only ByteBuffer which are found in the reference graph that travels the GC (it means fewer items). It allocates ByteBuffer when the application is starting, it is arranged that they occupy a fixed portion of the Heap (often 70%). They are long-lived objects, so the JVM does not have many allocations during processing (memory remains stable). And as the memory capacity are reserved to start, there is no resizing the Heap.The diagram refers to an area of the Heap called "Managed Memory" divided into 32K MemorySegment. These Memory Segment are ByteBuffer.
Direct ByteBuffer as its name suggests, accesses the native memory directly. The native memory? You get it, this ByteBuffer is not allocated in Heap but in the memory of the operating system (OS), the mechanism underlying is no more than calls to the Unsafe API. Therefore, the Direct ByteBuffer is not managed by the garbage collector and objects serialized either inside (this process is also called "off-heap"). The Javadoc recommends the use of it for large buffers and long term. The ByteBuffer should be managed by the program that calls it, which brings us to the fact that if an error occurs then the program will crash, throwing an exception BufferUnderflowException. An error can quickly arrive because the ByteBuffer has no method size() so you just have to know the size of its memory objects (varying depending on the hardware) to allocate new objects beside, without rewriting above, or without exceeding the buffer. His second asset is not to copy the buffer content to an intermediate buffer when accessed.
The GC is not put aside. It always manages de-serialized objects and temporary structures that the user allocates in its program (the developer who uses the Spark API).
Flink Management Memory
Flink first implemented the first solution, e.g the use of Non-Direct ByteBuffer allocated in the Heap. The ByteBuffer are called MemorySegment, they are fixed to 32 KB in size and are managed by the MemoryManager. The purpose of this one is to distribute good operators segments (filter, join, sort, groupBy, etc …).
Flink plans to migrate to the second method: the use of off-heap memory to further accelerate access (no copy in a temporary Buffer) and almost completely bypass the garbage collector (there is always the de-serialized object stored in the Heap).
With these new tricks (the ByteBuffer), serialization is the mechanism that becomes the most important thing. That is why it becomes important to develop serializers for each object type. Flink includes serializers "homemade", but the task is rather heavy (what about Java generics that converts any Object type?) And users classes are serialized from a serialization based on reflection (Kryo), though less powerful than the version "homemade".
SPARK-7075: Tungsten Project
Spark plans to catch up on Flink by launching the Tungsten Project, and for the latest version (1.4) incorporates an interesting mechanism to generate "custom-serializer" code. Code generation facilitates the life of the developer while being much more specific than using libraries such as Kryo.
They are only at the beginning but the project plans to incorporate a MemoryManager with memory pages in the manner of Flink in the version 1.5, and the appearance of efficient structures using the processor caches (L1, L2, L3).
The shared cache, the next bottleneck?
ByteBuffers are very useful but they have a big flaw is that they are costly in terms of serialization / de-serialization (even with custom-serializer). Frameworks such as Flink and Spark spend their time performing these tasks to access their records.
To remove the load of systematic de-serialization of objects in the operators, we are starting to see data structures called "cache aware". In other words, a structure able to efficiently use the shared cache of the processors.
Storing a contiguous collection of key + pointer in a ByteBuffer. When an operator (join, groupBy, sort, etc …) performs the comparison between the records, it does it on the keys. It is therefore more interesting to separate the value from their value (often larger).
Keys have a fixed size which makes the looking of collection effective without de-serialization (you remember the RDBMS at first, it's the same thing). We will do a binary comparison between the keys (or the first bytes of string keys type) and access the value only when it is needed. This access is made via the pointer near the key. Once the bytes retrieved from the ByteBuffer, we de-serializes into an object.
The following chart summarizes this explanation:
Why these structures are "cache aware"?
In fact, these structures are accessed very frequently, and they use little memory (because they have only got keys and pointers), so the OS will place them in the shared cache of the processors (L1, L2 , L3).
By analyzing all this, I made the following reflection:
Seeing all these efforts to bypass the garbage collector, we are entitled to wonder why we use a platform whose main asset is to offer a managed memory, if it is to avoid using it?
In practice, the user using frameworks such as Flink and Spark has the best of both worlds. These frameworks limit the impact of GC for their internal mechanics, optimizing the management of large data sets, making them extremely powerful. But they allow developers to use a high-level language, abstracting them of memory management, which is a strong argument towards their utilisation.
Solve bottleneck problems, it is like starting over and over again (infinite loop). Even before Spark has incorporated these evolutions, we can already bet a coin on the fact that the shared cache of the processor will be the next bottleneck of big data systems. Quoting Carlos Bueno: Cache is the new RAM
The future will tell us how to get around it…
Thank you OCTO for their review.
Stay tuned, the Big Data Whitepaper OCTO is coming soon!
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Juggling with Bits and Bytes
Javadoc Class ByteBuffer
Further Adventures With CAS Instructions And Micro Benchmarking
Le Garbage Collector de Java Distillé
Java Magic. Part 4: sun.misc.Unsafe
Issue 7075 JIRA Spark
Deep Dive into Spark SQL's Catalyst Optimizer
Project Tungsten: Bringing Spark Closer to Bare Metal
Tuning Java Garbage Collection for Spark Applications
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Privileged to read this informative blog on Hadoop.Commendable efforts to put on research the hadoop. Please enlighten us with regular updates on hadoop. Friends if you're keen to learn more about AI you can watch this amazing tutorial on the same. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jMR4cHBwZE
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Outrage over Name-Change of Kazakhstan's Capital
Posted on April 2, 2019 by Shreyas Tanna
The President of the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced the name change for the country's capital city, Astana in March 2019. The City will now be named, 'Nursultan', after Nursultan Nazarbayev, the former Kazach President. Tokayev announced the name in order to honor the thirty-year long, unswerving service of Nazarbeyev.
The civilians deterred the change and were outraged as they were disregarded in the decision. A petition by the Kazakhs to dismiss the name change was flagged online. It is not the first time that the capital city of Kazakhstan has undergone a dramatic transformation. In 1997 the country moved its capital from Almaty to Astana.
Below is the list of few countries that have changed their political capitals in the past:
Pakistan: The coastal city of Karachi was the first capital of Pakistan, elected by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. In 1961, the capital was changed to the northern city of Pakistan – the city of Islamabad.
Russia: The Government of Russia swerved over its choice for the country's capital headquarters between two of its cultural heritage cities. St Petersburg served as Russia's capital center from 1712-1918. Moscow has been made as the country's capital ever since.
Brazil: The country of Brazil built the planned city of Brasília to be its capital headquarters. Prior to that, Brazil had Salvador and Rio de Janeiro as its serving capital cities.
Nigeria: Replicating Brazil's example, the planned city of Abuja became Nigeria's capital in 1991, replacing the populous city of Lagos.
Ivory Coast: The country's largest city and economic hub – the city of Abidjan was replaced with Yamoussoukro as Ivory Coast's new political capital in 1983.
Posted in NewsTagged capital change, Central Asian country, country capital, Kazakhstan, world news
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Argentina Slams Obama Administration on Vulture Fight; Says Sovereignty Is the Only Relevant Issue
Posted on August 1, 2014 by LaRouche Irish Brigade
After having been declared in "selective default" on July 30, after no agreement was reached with the Queen's vulture funds, the Argentine government has made very clear it will not—and did not—capitulate on the fundamental issue of sovereignty and national dignity, and laid blame right where it belongs, on the doorstep of the White House, for the failure of negotiations.
In his press conference Thursday morning, Chief of Staff Jorge Capitanich slammed the U.S. government directly for its lack of "rationality," and biased court officers, accurately characterizing Judge Thomas Griesa and special master Daniel Pollack as "agents of the vulture funds."
In developing his arguments, Capitanich made very clear why Obama should be immediately impeached.
"The United States is responsible for not acting appropriately," Capitanich said. "Don't come to us with the excuse that the judiciary is independent." What the United States is independent of "is rationality. It is independent of decisions that are compatible with the functioning of the international financial system, but it is not independent of the vulture funds."
The U.S. judicial system has shown "bad praxis," Capitanich charged. "We've seen the marked incompetence" of [special master] Pollack, who failed to "create the conditions for reasonable negotiations…he didn't understand the process, or respect Argentina's condition as a sovereign nation."
Griesa's failure to reinstate the stay on his ruling, was deliberate, the chief of staff charged, for the sole purpose of diminishing the "government's decision-making possibilities. But, make no mistake," he warned. "The government will meet its responsibilities… Let there be no doubt that… Judge Griesa is not an independent judge; he is an agent of the vulture funds. Pollack is an agent of the vulture funds. So, what justice system are you talking about? What independent judiciary are you talking about? We are talking about the responsibility of a State, that is, the United States, to create the conditions of respect for the unrestricted sovereignty of nations. This is Argentina's position — a rational position. …Argentina will stand up for its rights before the international community," especially because it has overwhelming international support.
Capitanich also addressed the insanity of the global situation, both in strategic and financial terms. "The international community cannot endorse the actions of minuscule groups which aim to undermine the process of a sovereign country's voluntary restructuring," he said. "But, what can we expect from a world leadership which is not even capable of intervening in wars, where people are killed? They don't even care—it doesn't matter to them that the sovereignty of nations is undermined. They don't care that people get killed, and they won't do what they're supposed to do in dealing with these tiny groups" (of vultures).
"This situation can't go on indefinitely," he warned. "It is not possible for the world to coexist with these types of minuscule agents who distort the functioning of the international financial system, relations among nations, the exercise of sovereignty and, above all, the will of nations."
Argentina's position is totally firm and clear, he stated. "The defense of the Argentine position is the defense of our sovereignty, the defense of our resources, the defense of our children's daily bread….[International leaders] haven't hesitated to provoke wars, to intervene in nations for the sole purpose of appropriating resources…"
"We are going to continue what we're doing," he said, "in a complex world."
Capitanich outlined several options Argentina is considering, including taking its case to the International Court at The Hague, or initiating a debate at the United Nations. He also mentioned the need to "convene an international conference" to deal with regulatory issues that would prevent vulture funds from running amok.
This entry was posted in Glass Steagall, New Economic Order and tagged Argentine Republic, bad praxis, Bail-in Genocide, BRICS-plus-Unasur, British empire assets, British Financial Empire, British puppet Obama, City of London, collapsing British empire, corrupt courts, crimes of Wall St, Federal judge Griesa, impeach Obama, Impeachable Offenses, imperial looting, international financial system, international solidarity, Jorge Capitanich, LaRouche's Four Laws, national sovereignty, New Development Bank, new financial architecture, new world economic order, Obama's provocations, special master Daniel Pollack, vulture funds, Wall Street's President. Bookmark the permalink.


Find the distance between two Spanish cities with driving instructions.
First find the cities by putting the first letter of each city in the box.
Can you explain the very basics of how Spanish verbs work?