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Woodford Patient Capital Trust
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Woodford Patient Capital (WPCT) is a concentrated portfolio of early stage unquoted and quoted companies, focused on technology and healthcare, with high return potential and high levels of stock-specific risk. It is run by Neil Woodford, one of the most high-profile fund managers in the country.
Whilst the trust has had its share of difficult periods, NAV returns in 2018 were strong, with the trust's NAV up 7% while the FTSE All Share fell 9.5%. Undoubtedly the high level of unquoted assets held (66%) helped the trust outperform in a falling market. However, there were also valuation increases on some stocks which hit milestones, as well a successful IPO of Autolus - a major holding at 10.9% of NAV.
On 1 March the trust announced it had agreed to purchase £72.9m of stock in unquoted companies held by the Woodford Equity Income Focus fund (WEIF) with new shares issued at NAV in a tap issue, and also received £6m to fund those companies from WEIF in the deal. This allows the trust to increase its exposure to stocks Neil thinks are some of the most promising in the portfolio: Atom Bank, Carrick Therapeutics, Cell Medica, RateSetter and Spin Memory.
Prior to the announcement we spoke with the team to get an update on the progress of the portfolio companies, which we discuss in detail below. The team believe that there is scope for 2019 to be even better than 2018 in performance terms, with the portfolio companies largely at more mature, less risky stages of development and a number of significant milestones on the horizon, which we analyse later.
Although the greatest contributor to performance in recent months since our last review has been Industrial Heat, written up by 357%, there have been interesting developments in other portfolio companies which could prove more significant in the longer run, such as with Oxford Nanopore (see portfolio section). Proton Partners' listing on the NEX Exchange in February 2019 at a substantial uplift to WPCT's initial investment could also prove to be a significant step for that company.
The discount has narrowed since we first highlighted the trust, coming in to 12.8% from the wider range of 15-20% through much of 2018.
WPCT has no annual management fee. Although there is a performance fee, after the March tap issue it won't be payable until the NAV reaches 146p, a 50% uplift to its current level. This means that investors will only pay the 0.18% ongoing charges until that mark has been passed.
WPCT owns a portfolio made up of early-stage businesses, with a mixture of quoted and unquoted positions. The goal of the trust is to take advantage of the outsized returns that can be made from investing in quoted and unquoted businesses at the early stages of their development and following them through listing to a more mature stage. The ambitious aim is to generate a greater than 10% NAV return per annum, and although returns have been disappointing so far, the manager, Neil Woodford, remains convinced this growth potential is in the portfolio and that there are a number of positions held by the company which will be larger than the entire portfolio in the fullness of time.
Neil focuses on picking business that he believes have the chance to be successful through the use of new technologies and in whose management teams he has faith. The largest area of concentration is in pharmaceuticals and healthcare technology, as this is where Neil sees the greatest number of attractive ideas and innovations in the UK and globally, with demand well-supported by demographic trends.
Source: WIM
We spoke to the team recently to get an update on the progress in the portfolio. Both Paul Lamacraft (technology) and Saku Saha (healthcare) are very optimistic for 2019, foreseeing a number of milestones and developments. Since our latest update in August the NAV is up 5.8%, and did briefly rise above 100p.
The most significant development for NAV during the period was Industrial Heat completing a successful funding round leading to the value of Woodford's holding to be written up by 357%. This was based on calculations by the AIFM (Link Fund Solutions) and is discussed in detail in the performance section. Industrial Heat makes up 9.74% of the portfolio after the revaluation, in four lines of stock.
In our opinion, however, the most promising developments regard Oxford Nanopore. This company has developed long-read gene sequencing devices and has been a major holding since launch. It received a £50m investment from US biotech giant Amgen during the second half of last year.
We would argue that more important was the decision by its main competitor, the £32bn market cap Illumina, to purchase Pacific Biosciences in order to acquire its long-read gene sequencing technology. Previously, Illumina had insisted that short-read was the way to go, but this acquisition is a recognition that there are huge advantages to the long-read approach and they are now playing catch-up in this market, which they assess to be worth £540m in annual revenues. Clearly, their purchase of a competitor is a significant validation of Oxford Nanopore's approach. In conjunction with Amgen's investment, the team is bullish for the company's prospects.
Saku says that he expects to see the company hit profitability in 2019 which would be a huge boost to the trust in our view, not only for the potential gains to NAV – Oxford Nanopore is 7.5% of the trust – but as validation of the stock-picking abilities of the team in this area. Oxford Nanopore was valued at $1.5bn in the last full year accounts, and the IRR since investment has been 9% a year.
Oxford Nanopore's size as a proportion of the portfolio means it is potentially the most significant success story this year. However, there are a number of other unquoted stocks with potentially transformative periods coming up.
Kind Consumer, for example, has developed a smoking cessation cigarette which has recently become the first NHRA approved such treatment. The product should finally come to market in 2019. This is a long-term holding, which has been revalued downwards since Woodford invested, for an annual IRR of -21%. Should this product come to market and the company be revalued upwards as Paul expects, it would be a validation of the patient approach taken by the team since launch. It is a 1.35% position in two lines of stock.
This year could also be an exciting one for Federated Wireless. The company has developed technology which facilitates the sharing of the spectrum of frequencies used for transmitting wireless signals. This is potentially a highly useful service in a world which is increasingly connected online in real time but with a finite spectrum capable of carrying transmissions. Federated Wireless has submitted an application to the Federal Communications Commission for a license allowing them to launch. A decision would have been expected by now, but the shutdown of the US Federal Government has caused delays. Both the managers of WPCT and the company themselves are confident that the regulatory application will be successful, which could lead to an uplift in the valuation, which has been static since the position was first taken. The company makes up 1.3% of WPCT.
Lignia Wood (formerly Fibre 7) could also have an exciting 2019. The company has developed a modified timber product which has been successfully piloted. The task for the coming year is to go into commercial production, and WPCT has funded them to that end. The current market leader in this space has a £200m market cap and in the opinion of the Woodford team Lignia has a better, cheaper product. The holding has already been significantly written up, generating a 40% annual IRR for investors since initiation. Lignia is a good example of the sort of potential lurking in the tail of the WPCT portfolio. Overall, WPCT owns circa 50% of the company, representing 0.89% of WPCT, or roughly £9m. Should the company grow to the £200m size of its peer that would imply a gain of £91m, or 10 times the current carrying value. Of course, the mathematics is not so simple as that given the likelihood of capital raises on the way, but this is an indication of the types of rewards on offer for successful investments. On the other hand, ultimately some of the larger holdings need to make good returns for an investment in the trust to be a success over the long run.
Other unquoted stocks are developing more slowly than desired and perhaps foreseen, which is par for the course with this type of investment. That has proven the case for some of the trust's largest holdings. Benevolent AI (8.89% of the trust) is making strides at integrating the research and development stages of drug development following the purchase of laboratories last March, however there are still probably 12 to 18 months before they bear fruit, according to Saku. For the investment to have real success this integration needs to be successful. Benevolent AI has generated a 20% annual IRR since the team first invested, but it will take further developments for that value to be realised in a sale.
Proton Partners (6.66%) saw its Wales centre approved by the NHS to treat cancer patients and has also started building a diagnostic centre in Liverpool. However, the NHS opening its own Proton Therapy Centre in Manchester, as well as a further one in 2020 in London, could be seen as a blow to the company given it implies that it will receive fewer NHS patients. Saku says, however, that even if the NHS maintains its belief that only 1% of cancer patients should receive the therapy it will be reliant on Proton Partners in the near future. On the other hand, it would need 20 centres to treat 20% of cancer patients with the therapy should it move its recommendations in line with those of other EU countries. The stock has generated an IR of 21% for the trust, but like Benevolent AI, future developments will be critical to whether that value can be realised. On 28 February the company listed on the NEX Exchange at a valuation of £347m, which represents a significant gain to WPCT on its initial investment.
Immunocore (5.11%) has entered into a co-development deal with Genentech, which will give it greater economic rights than in a normal license deal. It also has a trial ongoing with Glaxo of another asset, showing it is not a one drug business. However, both drugs are at early stages. In the long run, Saku sees the business growing to mid-single digit billions from its current $1.3bn, but patience will be required in the meantime. The annualised IRR to the end of December 2018 was 10% per annum.
Turning to the major quoted stocks, performance has been a headwind in recent months. One of the major disappointments of the last year has been PurpleBricks. The company lost almost two thirds of its value in 2018 and suffered a further blow in February 2019 as it cut revenue guidance for the financial year by 20%. Particularly disappointing are the poor results from the US business, where the board does not expect to meet targets. However, Neil and the team continue to prefer to take a long-term perspective on their investment and believe their initial investment thesis is still intact. From their initial investment (prior to flotation) to the end of 2018, the investment had generated an annual IRR of 57%. For the future, they believe that the unique and profitable UK business is its key advantage. Autolus has been flat in share price terms since IPO, but has shown promising data on its programmes targeting leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma, with its therapies so far passing safety standards. Key dates will come in March and November, when fuller results on trials will be presented. Only then will final stage trials be possible, so there is still a substantial time to wait for these treatments to come to market and prove profitable. Autolus makes up 10.93% of the portfolio. Sensyne Health (1.66% of the portfolio) has also been dull since IPO, although the team believes that the long-term investment case is strengthening.
Overall, Paul says that he believes the portfolio is at a de-risking stage when there is greater clarity about the potential of many of the holdings and increasing prospects for commercialisation in the coming year.
The company can add gearing up to 20% of NAV, and is currently using the facility to the full through an overdraft, paying LIBOR plus 135bps. In March 2016 the trust started to use the facility, and over the past year has been consistently close to being fully drawn. The managers do not view this as structural though, as they foresee circumstances in which they could reduce the gearing relatively quickly. Nonetheless, we understand current levels of gearing should be expected to remain for some time. Clearly this adds to the risks of investing in the trust as well as the potential rewards
WPCT's NAV is up 5.5% over the past 12 months, a good result in a year when the FTSE ended down 9.5%. Clearly, unquoted companies are not as subject to swings in sentiment as quoted ones are, and it is worth noting that private equity trusts on average also posted rising NAVs over the same period. However, the good results reflect the improving outlook for some unquoteds which were written up, frequently in the eyes of new investors who took part in later funding rounds. The trust has also benefited from holding some dollar-quoted equities. Most significantly, Autolus, which IPO-d last June and is the trust's largest holding, is up fractionally since its debut in dollars, but dollars have gained 5% in sterling terms since then (WPCT also booked a gain on the IPO price within the period).
The most significant contributor since we wrote our last note was Industrial Heat. The NAV of the trust spiked by 9% in September 2018 following the upwards revaluation by Link Fund Solutions, the AIFM of WPCT. This followed a successful fundraising and represents a write-up of 357% to the previous carrying value. Industrial Heat is a controversial holding due to its research into cold fusion, considered impossible by most scientists due to the huge amounts of energy believed necessary to generate the fusion of atoms which it depends on (the sun generates energy through fusion reactions, but at a temperature of 27 million degrees Fahrenheit). It is worth noting that the revaluation was based on the funding raised from investors not an assessment of the science, although (presumably) the investors based their decisions on their understanding of the scientific developments. Industrial Heat is a secretive company, and it is also noteworthy that it is not entirely focused on cold fusion, so it is hard for third parties to properly assess its prospects.
The trust aims to generate NAV returns in excess of 10% a year over the long run and will charge a performance fee once the NAV has surpassed that hurdle rate. However, performance since launch means that is still some way away: NAV is down 2.4% since launch and the share price down 15.6%.
This trust is all about stock-picking and there have been a handful of companies with poor results that have hurt returns. The concentrated nature of the portfolio compounds the damage to investors just as it would magnify gains.
One of the most difficult periods for the trust was after a US short-seller targeted Prothena in November 2017. At the time, it was the largest holding in the trust, and Woodford Investment Mangagement (WIM) is the largest shareholder in the company. When the company's amyloidosis drug failed phase three trials in April 2018, the trust took another hit. Neil remains convinced in the potential in the stock and has held onto his position. Share price falls in Purplebricks also hurt returns during 2017 and 2018. The stock sold off from August 2017 and helped push the NAV below 100p. However, overall the company has been a major contributor to the trust since launch. Neil believes the market is discounting the growth opportunities in Australia and the US too much, and retains 20% of the company, making WIM the largest shareholder.
Earlier problems came from Circassia, which saw its cat allergy drug fail phase three trials, and Allied Minds, a target in 2015 of a shorting attack by the same outfit which took aim at Prothena. In 2017 it saw significant share price falls after it discontinued funding to seven portfolio companies.
According to the most recent report and accounts, the board will not be paying a dividend this year. The aim of the trust is to grow capital and there is no mandate to generate a dividend. There was a 0.16p payout in 2015 paid out due to regulatory rules requiring 85% of an investment trust's income to be paid out to shareholders. This was from a number of mature businesses which were held in the portfolio before it was fully invested in early stage businesses. As such, reflecting the growth strategy employed by the managers, we think it fair to expect little in the way of dividends going forward.
Neil Woodford is one of the most high profile fund managers in the UK, having generated an impressive track record over 25 years managing the Invesco Perpetual Income and High Income funds. His success was built on making contrarian calls on the stock market, most notably by staying out of the 2000 dotcom bubble and avoiding banks prior to the 2008 crisis. Investments in the tobacco and pharmaceutical sectors made when they were out of favour were also particularly successful. Neil's success in the past has therefore been built on making unpopular calls and sticking to his guns when criticised intensely, a pattern which we may be seeing once again.
Woodford Patient Capital is a very different product to the income-focused funds he has previously run. However, Neil's involvement in early stage companies dates back to the early 2000s when he invested in IP commercialisation companies, some of which form part of the network of contacts he currently uses to generate ideas. After investing in these 'incubator' stocks he then branched out into investing directly into the portfolio companies as they sought further funding, and these two types of investment together made up almost 10% of his Income and High Income funds when he left Invesco in 2014. This means that he has had many years' experience of following early stage companies through from gestation to listing and beyond.
Neil has full control of investment decisions on this trust, but is supported by a team with a mixture of competencies and backgrounds. Paul Lamacraft came over with him from Invesco, where he used to work with Neil on the smaller companies in his income funds; his main responsibility is the ongoing research on the early stage technology companies in Woodford's funds, including WPCT. Other key team members include Saku Saha and Lucinda Crabtree, who are responsible for ongoing research on the healthcare and bio-science holdings. Lucinda has a PhD in neuroscience from UCL and a background in the pharmaceutical industry, also covering it as a sell-side analyst.
The trust leans heavily on the strength of its network of contacts in the IP commercialisation industry, and the Woodford team are in constant contact with IP commercialisation companies and other private owners looking for co-investors. This means that their ideas come with a level of diligence already done, although the task then for the team is to verify and further that research.
Although he also runs the multi-billion pound equity income products, most of the team's time is spent on this portfolio given that the nature of these companies demands greater research (and the fact there is around 20% crossover with the equity income portfolios). Of the seven individuals in the team, two are devoted to FTSE 350 companies, which mostly means they do not work on this trust, and five on WPCT or early stage companies.
The trust currently trades on a 12.8% discount. As the graph below shows, thanks to Neil Woodford's reputation and popularity amongst retail investors, the trust launched on a premium which swiftly rose to 15%. Enthusiasm dwindled, and the trust swung onto a discount during 2016.
Some poor results from portfolio companies, discussed in the portfolio section, helped the discount widen. We would note the differing fortunes of the mainstream UK and global equity trusts however: since the Brexit vote to leave the EU, global trusts have seen their share prices move close to par while UK trusts have slipped onto a wide average discount. This gives some credence to Neil's contention that the macro-economic environment and investor sentiment have had a significant part to play in the disappointing recent fortunes of the trust.
We would suggest that the 12.8% discount makes some sense in the context of the 8% average discount on the UK All Companies trusts tracked by Morningstar and the higher 16% discount on the average private equity trust. However, should strong results start to come through from portfolio companies we think it possible the trust will again trade on a significant premium to these comparators given its unique mandate.
The board has the authority to buy back shares, although it has not used it. The board currently believes that the cash reserves are better used investing in the portfolio, but has not ruled out using the authority in future.
The trust has no management fee, with the OCF of 0.18% covering only the administrative costs. Woodford IM will only be paid a performance fee once the trust has achieved its hurdle rate of 10 per cent returns per annum. This hurdle rate is cumulative, so for the manager to be paid a fee would require the NAV to rise from its current 96p to over 146p in the current financial year. The manager will be owed 15% of the NAV returns above the hurdle rate, subject to a high watermark. This is a highly attractive fee structure in our view, particularly for investors looking to invest now, who could see 35% returns on NAV charged at only 0.18% a year before they had to pay any performance fee.
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Kirk Cowell
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My Assumptions About the Bible, Part 3: When the Author States his Method, that Counts Too
In full:
Any theory of Biblical inspiration needs to account for what the authors tell us about their own writing process.
You can learn a lot if you pay attention in the right places. One of the most overt Biblical statements of authorial intent and process is in the prologue of Luke's gospel:
1Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, 2just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3Therefore, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.
This is a gold mine of information:
there have been many written accounts of the work of Jesus by the time Luke sets out to write his
the stories were first handed down (orally) by people who were eyewitnesses to them
Luke himself was not an eyewitness, so he conducted a careful investigation
it seemed good to him to write an orderly account
the purpose of his writing is that Theophilus would know the certainty of what he had been taught.
Already, several popular theories are dead in the water. Luke wasn't some kind of flesh and bone pen, taken over by the hand of God, scribbling down the thoughts of the Holy Spirit. I think you have to throw out verbal plenary inspiration, at least as a statement about the entire Bible, if you take Luke at his word. And you have to get rid of that super-popular illustration that compares the four gospels to four witnesses at a car crash, claiming that their differences are merely matters of different perspective. That doesn't fit well, because Luke lets us know up front that he wasn't a witness. And he reason for writing is so pragmatic–"it seemed good to me." I know a lot of folks would prefer it if he said that "the Spirit led me to write this" or "God placed a burden on my heart" or whatever the new catch-phrase is for a vague and unverifiable holy prompting, but that's not what we have. Luke did a survey of the literature about Jesus, thought that it was generally inadequate (presumably confusing or erroneous) and set out to write a better one.
When you compare the gospels against each other, it becomes clear that there is a literary relationship between Matthew, Mark and Luke. Exact sentences are repeated, word-for-word, in two or sometimes all three of them. Someone is incorporating parts of someone else's previous writing. Biblical scholars who try to sort out exactly who was reading which of the other gospels and what order they were written in call this the "synoptic problem." Most scholars set Mark as the first and earliest of the canonical gospels, with Matthew and Luke coming later, and using Mark as a primary source. It's likely that Mark's gospel was one of the earlier accounts that Luke read, and Luke must have thought that it was the best of the bunch, because he uses much of its material. On the other hand, he also thought it wasn't quite right for his purposes, since he didn't just copy it and send it on to Theophilus. He wrote an expanded version with a special emphasis on showing Jesus as the fulfillment of what God had promised in the Old Testament. (Read the first four chapters of Luke carefully, much of which is unique to his gospel, and you can see his desire to link Jesus to the Jewish tradition.)
Put all that together and we learn that it is okay for a Biblical writer to:
quote other sources (sometimes without attribution)
write because it seemed like a good idea (without special divine prompting)
have specific purposes in mind when he writes (be conciously aware of his own authorial agenda)
That doesn't seem very challenging or controversial to me, but you would never think those things were possible based on some popular theories about the Bible. There is a lot of Luke's own initiative and interest in his gospel, and he explains the production of it in simple human terms. If you've ever become interested in a topic, read what was already written about it, and incorporated the best information into a new document you were writing that emphasized certain things that were especially important to you, then you've done exactly what Luke says he did to write the Gospel. As the bumper sticker proclaims, "Luke said it; I believe it; that settles it."
Here's another passage that we need to account for in our theories of inspiration, 1 Corinthians 1:13-16:
13Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Were you baptized into the name of Paul? 14I am thankful that I did not baptize any of you except Crispus and Gaius, 15so no one can say that you were baptized into my name. 16(Yes, I also baptized the household of Stephanas; beyond that, I don't remember if I baptized anyone else.) 17For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel—not with words of human wisdom, lest the cross of Christ be emptied of its power.
Now, I would never, ever want to claim that Paul's memory is occasionally faulty and possibly erroneous, but unfortunately, Paul makes that claim himself. Even though he is writing a document that will become holy scripture, the Holy Spirit has not intervened to give him perfect knowledge, even about his own ministry! Paul simply can't tell his readers with certainty how many people he baptized. So let's add one more thing to the list. It's okay for a Biblical writer to
5. show signs of faulty human memory.
Even if Paul hadn't told us that clearly, we would have figured it out when he wrote this nine chapters later, in 1 Corinthians 10:
7Do not be idolaters, as some of them were; as it is written: "The people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in pagan revelry." 8We should not commit sexual immorality, as some of them did—and in one day twenty-three thousand of them died.
And then we looked it up in in Numbers 25 and read:
6 Then an Israelite man brought to his family a Midianite woman right before the eyes of Moses and the whole assembly of Israel while they were weeping at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 7 When Phinehas son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, the priest, saw this, he left the assembly, took a spear in his hand 8 and followed the Israelite into the tent. He drove the spear through both of them—through the Israelite and into the woman's body. Then the plague against the Israelites was stopped; 9 but those who died in the plague numbered 24,000.
I look at this and think, "Ah, twenty-three thousand, twenty-four thousand, no big deal. He was only a thousand off and it doesn't change the point he was making. So what if he can't remember who he baptized for sure, and he mis-remembered the number who died in the plague? Maybe he wrote 1 Corinthians when he was really sleep deprived." And I go on reading and studying, faith intact. My faith depends on the perfection of Jesus, not of Paul.
That seems to be working out pretty well for me, but it is unacceptable to the folks over at Apologetics Press:
So how can we explain Paul's statement in light of the information given in Numbers 25:9 (the probable "sister" passage to 1 Corinthians 10:8)? The answer lies in the fact that Paul stated that 23,000 fell "in one day," while in Numbers 25 Moses wrote that the total number of those who died in the plague was 24,000. Moses never indicated how long it took for the 24,000 to die, but only stated that this was the number "who died in the plague." Thus, the record in 1 Corinthians simply supplies us with more knowledge about what occurred in Numbers 25—23,000 of the 24,000 who died in the plague died "in one day."
By this account, I am supposed to believe that Paul was supernaturally given special knowledge of the event beyond what was recorded in the scriptures. He knew that 24,000 died in the plague, but he also knew that 23,000 died in the first day, and another 1,000 lingered on into day two. Rather than just referring to the 24,000 total who died, Paul emphasized the number who died within 24 hours–the 23,000.
But what about the idea that Paul just had a little, inconsequential memory slip? That was Peter Davids' theory in Hard Sayings of the Bible, and he's a pretty conservative writer. But that's a non-starter at Apologetics Press:
Unbelievable! Walter Kaiser, Peter Davids, Manfred Brauch, and F.F. Bruce pen an 800-page book in an attempt to answer numerous alleged Bible contradictions and to defend the integrity of the Bible, and yet Davids has the audacity to say that the apostle Paul "cited an example from memory and got a detail wrong." Why in the world did Davids spend so much time (and space) answering various questions that skeptics frequently raise, and then conclude that the man who penned almost half of the New Testament books made mistakes in his writings?! He has concluded exactly what the infidels teach—Bible writers made mistakes. Furthermore, if Paul made one mistake in his writings, he easily could have blundered elsewhere. And if Paul made mistakes in other writings, how can we say that Peter, John, Isaiah, and others did not "slip up" occasionally? The fact is, if Paul, or any of these men, made mistakes in their writings, then they were not inspired by God (cf. 2 Timothy 3:16-17; 2 Peter 1:20-21), because God does not make mistakes (cf. Titus 1:2; Psalm 139:1-6). And if the Scriptures were not "given by inspiration of God," then the Bible is not from God. And if the Bible is not from God, then the skeptic is right. But as we noted above, the skeptic is not right! First Corinthians 10:8 can be explained logically without assuming Paul's writings are inaccurate….Paul did not "invent" facts about Old Testament stories. Neither did he have to rely on his own cognizance to remember particular numbers or names. The Holy Spirit revealed the Truth to him—all of it (cf. John 14:26; John 16:13). Just like the writers of the Old Testament, Paul was fully inspired by the Holy Spirit (cf. 2 Samuel 23:2; Acts 1:16; 2 Peter 1:20-21; 3:15-16; 2 Timothy 3:16-17).
"Neither did he have to rely on his own cognizance to remember particular numbers or names." Unless, of course, that name was "Stephanas." You can dance all around the Bible grabbing verses to try to make your case for inerrancy, but sooner or later you are going to have to deal with 1 Corinthians 1:16. Paul says clearly that he is relying on "his own cognizance" to remember a name, and that his memory might not be accurate. No carefully woven theories of inspiration, no syllogisms or dogmas get to trump the clear statement of the apostle. You have to deal with what he says.
Who is the real Bible believer in this argument? I believe what Luke says about his writing methods. I believe what Paul says about his memory. I honor their writings as scripture, and I accept their self-report. If you believe in inerrancy, then you have to believe that Paul was literally correct and without error when he wrote that he couldn't remember for sure who he baptized. Which means his writing isn't inerrant. I have no doubt that someone has done a Rube Goldberg thought experiment to get out of that dilemma, but I sure don't see how.
My plea: can't we just accept what the Bible says?
Filed under Bible
Tagged as apologetics, Bible, inerrancy, inerrant, infallible, inspiration, memory
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grandmapeachy on Admitting the Truth
Larry N. on Admitting the Truth
Garrett on The Last Jedi—A Case Study in Strengths that Become Weaknesses
Kirk Cowell on Church of Christ Members as "Practical Atheists"
MTR on Church of Christ Members as "Practical Atheists"
Meeting the Demands of this Moment
The Last Jedi—A Case Study in Strengths that Become Weaknesses
Statistical Disparities
Book Review: Almost Christian
"It Doesn't Matter Who is President, Jesus is Lord"
Ben Witherington
Chris Tilling
Father Stephen
In Our Poverty
Jesus Shaped Spirituality
Mark Love
Preacher Mike
Reclaiming the Mission
Resident Theology
Scotteriology
The Ooze
Theopolitical
Northumbria Daily Office
The Daily Office (BCP)
Noted In Passing
Christian Patriots
This Is Bad
Good Theology
Worship and Devotion
Narrative Formation: Alasdair MacIntyre and the Need for a Narratively Grounded Christian Ethic
Kirk Cowell · This is where I write, rant, and reflect.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package codeflow

import (
	"net/http"
	"testing"

	"github.com/ant0ine/go-json-rest/rest"
	"github.com/ant0ine/go-json-rest/rest/test"
	"github.com/jarcoal/httpmock"
)

func TestOktaToken(t *testing.T) {
	httpmock.Activate()
	defer httpmock.DeactivateAndReset()

	httpmock.RegisterResponder("GET", "https://.okta.com/oauth2/v1/keys",
		func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
			resp, err := httpmock.NewJsonResponse(200, OktaKeys())
			if err != nil {
				return httpmock.NewStringResponse(500, ""), nil
			}
			return resp, nil
		},
	)

	auth := Auth{}
	api := rest.NewApi()

	var routes []*rest.Route
	var handlerRoutes []*rest.Route

	handlerRoutes = auth.Register(api)
	routes = append(routes, handlerRoutes...)

	router, err := rest.MakeRouter(routes...)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err.Error())
	}

	api.SetApp(router)

	handler := api.MakeHandler()
	if handler == nil {
		t.Fatal("the http.Handler must have been created")
	}

	recorded := test.RunRequest(t, handler, test.MakeSimpleRequest("POST", "/callback/okta", OktaIdToken()))
	recorded.CodeIs(400)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


- a miniaturized electronic die based on ATtiny10.
This project was created on 11/26/2016 and last updated a year ago.
The third free pin of the ATtiny10 is used as a touch button input. Apart from the LED and a decoupling capacitor, no additional external components are used.
The magic of how to drive 7 LEDs with just 2 GPIO is shown on the right in the schematics. Please see here for a detailed description.
PB1, the remaining free IO pin, is used for the touch button.
The entire board is about the size of a real die. (which I did not have for size comparison, but the coins should do).
A gif animation showing the dice in action.
The implementation into hardware is quite straightforward. I mananged to squeeze all components into a PCB that is ony 13 mm x 19 mm. One notable trick was to use an edge connector for the SPI/TPI interface. Using a normal 6 pin header could have easily doubled the size of the board.
The software uses a timer interrupt to multiplex the 7 LEDs. The main routine calls the TinyTouchLib to poll the touchbutton. If a button press is detected, the value of the die is increased.
This is an attempt at an absolutely minimized electronics dice implementation. An entry for the Hackaday 1kb competition. Using an ATtiny10 as a MCU automatically limits the code size to 1kb, so the code size competition is automatically met.
The ATtiny10 only has three I/O lines - we need to control 7 LEDs in total. How?
Why no series resistors? Well, turns out you can get away with that when you minimize the duty cycle of the LEDs. Since the scheme required multiplexing anyways, this is automatically given.
The remaining I/O pin is used for a touch button to activate the dice. No push button is needed. I am using my TinyTouchLib for this, which also works on an ATtiny10.
Hard to beat Charlieplexing, looks like you figured it out!
Precision manual PWM creates visually appealing light patterns in Christmas tree star made from retrofitted Ikea fiber optic light fixture.
Within 1 kB of executable code, a LED matrix can be used as a canvas to draw on and a pair of LEDs can be turned into an optical chat.
You are about to report the project "Dice10", please tell us the reason.


text:
We've found 4 matches for your search
Rocking Around the Christmas tree - Traditional
This popular Christmas song was first recorded by Brenda Lee in 1958 and subsequently recorded by artists such as Bill Haley, the Partridge Family and Amy Grant to name just three.
ROCKING AROUND THE CHRISTMAS TREE (Brass Band) - Fernie, Alan
Grade: Easy.
Rocking Around The Christmas Tree
Estimated delivery 5-7 days
Buy from Wobbleco Music
A Holly Jolly Christmas - Johnny Marks - Len Jenkins
"A Holly Jolly Christmas" is a Christmas song written in 1962 by Johnny Marks. He was also responsible for Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Rocking Around the Christmas Tree amongst his other compositions. The most well-known vocal editions are those by Burl Ives who recorded it in 1964 for a Christmas special, and then re-recorded in 1965 for his holiday album, Have a Holly Jolly Christmas. This latter version of the song has a somewhat slower arrangement than the previous version and featured an acoustic guitar solo introduction; it is this version that has since become the more commonly heard rendition on radio. More recently, it has been recorded by Michael Bubl
Rocking around the
rieselt
george allan marches
mickey mouse march dodd jimmie arr parson moren emr
copenhagen temple band
unto us is born a son
the boars head wassail
lost on you
get loud
bandsmans challenge
devil's
Dean pitchford
land of my fathers


In an increasingly connected world, the surface area for possible cyber threats is multiplying daily, creating a critical need for more sophisticated data security procedures. Not only is personally identifiable information at risk, but stricter regulations are now requiring more stringent data security measures for compliance.
Join us on Wednesday, April 24, 2019 at 4pm UTC – Save your spot today!
Security threats could be internal or external. Internal threats can be something as simple as human error, or through an intentional attack by someone with access to the system intending to sabotage the organization from within. Breach by external threats often comes in the form of a malicious intrusion by an individual or group seeking to cause an organization harm, or hackers taking advantage of system vulnerabilities.
works as an extension against PostgreSQL 9.4 & above. Working as an extension means that it is quick and easy to set up.
provides additional security through protection at the database level.
is completely independent of the application layer. So existing applications will not require a change in order to use it, nor will you need to design new applications to cater to SQL Firewall's functionality.
works with all applications as an extension to PostgreSQL, regardless of platform and language of implementation.
Firewall – Block unwanted SQL statements from executing against your database.
Controlled access – Whitelist statements at an individual user level.
Automated training – SQL Firewall can be trained to whitelist SQL statements simply by running your application's test suite.
Import/Export Whitelists – Import or export whitelists to your PostgreSQL database. This allows you to use the same whitelist across multiple servers. It also allows you to train SQL Firewall in a controlled environment and then export the resulting whitelist to your production server for the launch of a new/updated application.
Logging & Alerts – SQL Firewall logs each blocked query, allowing you to analyze and alert on possible threats. It also allows you to retrain your whitelist if needed.
Unsure if SQL Firewall will benefit you?
A Database Security Audit from 2ndQuadrant can identify breach points in your database. Find out more.
To request more information about how to protect your database with SQL Firewall, please complete the contact form below and we will contact you as soon as possible.
Want more information on how to properly tune and optimize your PostgreSQL server? Complete the contact form below and we will have someone contact you as soon as possible!


"Gladiator Education": retour aux sources pour la condition physique. Ferriss is genuinely a master of several trades, and preaching about health has often been 1 of them. Zdrowe jedzenie to element mojego stylu życia. For much better or for worse, the forum does not genuinely matter—people are listening to quite much every thing Chopra says, no matter how he says it.
This session was programmed soon after two Challenging WODs… so even if you really feel tired or a little run down- show up and use right now as active rest- just get in some practice on the lifts and sleds. Make positive to invest at least a little time this weekend holding them in your thoughts.
Le reste des dates arrivent …. Tous les cours se déroulent dans la salle Richard Queillé, excepté le cours de zumba du mercredi qui a lieu dans la salle Neil Armstrong. Fitness center Fitness Sur Mesure vous propose un concept d'entraînement basé sur l'élaboration de programmes sur mesure adaptés à chacun, favorisant ainsi la personnalisation des exercices qui vous rapprochent de votre but.
LA Fitness was founded in 1984 by founders Chin Yi, Chairman & CEO and Louis Welch , President & CEO with one particular place at the corner of Hollenbeck Avenue and Arrow Highway in Covina, a suburb of Los Angeles , California 1 Official records describing the company's history and development are few.


text:
FTC Bars Twitter "For 20 Years From Misleading Consumers" About Privacy After 2009 Hacks
Erick Schonfeld	@erickschonfeld / 11 years
Today, the FTC settled a lengthy investigation into Twitter's lax security practices and protection of user accounts after two high-profile hacking incidents in 2009. The first one, which occurred in January, 2009, compromised 35 high-profile accounts, including those of President Barack Obama, Bill O'Reilly, Britney Spears, the Huffington Post, and Facebook. According to the FTC:
One tweet was sent from the account of then-President-elect Barack Obama, offering his more than 150,000 followers a chance to win $500 in free gasoline.
The other attack occurred in April, 2009, and involved a hacker gaining access to a Twitter employee's email account which stored the employee's administrative password. The hacker in question was the Frenchman who goes by the handle Hacker Croll. (Later, this was the same hacker who sent us confidential Twitter documents, but that incident was not part of the FTC investigation).
The FTC's concern in the matter is the ability of hackers to breach Twitter's password system and gain access to user accounts. According to the FTC:
Under the terms of the settlement, Twitter will be barred for 20 years from misleading consumers about the extent to which it maintains and protects the security, privacy, and confidentiality of nonpublic consumer information, including the measures it takes to prevent authorized access to information and honor the privacy choices made by consumers. The company also must establish and maintain a comprehensive information security program, which will be assessed by a third party every other year for 10 years.
The FTC provides a list of security measures Twitter failed to have in place, which Twitter says were implemented subsequent to the attacks. It may sound silly to bar Twitter from "misleading consumers" for 20 years, but that is essentially the life of the order and gives the FTC the ability to fine Twitter for future security breaches to the tune of $16,000 per incident. Without this order and the settlement, the FTC does not have what is known as civil penalty authority.
A source at the FTC tells me that the agency is "closely watching social media for information at risk." Compromised social networks are increasingly becoming a way for fraudsters to reach and trick consumers. Twitter is on notice now, and so are other social networks, that they must do everything they can to protect user's accounts from security breaches.


text:
Episode 10 - Porter Fox
January 20, 2016 by Jared Levy
Porter Fox was born in New York and raised on the coast of Maine. He lives, writes, teaches and edits the literary travel writing journal Nowhere. His fiction, essays and nonfiction have been published in The New York Times Magazine, The Believer, Outside, Men's Journal, National Geographic Adventure, Powder, Salon.com, Narrative, The Literary Review, Northwest Review, Third Coast and Conjunctions, among others. In 2013 he published DEEP: The Story of Skiing and the Future of Snow. The book was featured on the cover of the New York Times Sunday Review, CBS national news, NPR and in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.
I first met Porter while searching for a new work space in Brooklyn. He owns Nowhere Studios in Bed Stuy, along with his wife, providing an ideal enclave for freelance creatives of all backgrounds. His open and supportive personality was immediately clear. Easy to talk to and knowledgeable on a diverse range of subjects, it is no surprise he's had a successful career as a journalist and writer.
As the podcast continues these are the kinds of conversations I hope to have with creatives working outside of the film industry. I believe there are many similarities and parallels that can be made with other freelance roles. This discourse provides the type of perspective needed to appreciate the universal nature of our needs, problems and solutions.
January 20, 2016 /Jared Levy


Roughly four years after its San Antonio launch, cancer diagnostics company bioAffinity Technologies is only months away from taking its initial product — CyPath Lung — to market.
The privately held biotech has started a validation trial for the product, developed to provide early detection of lung cancer. It's recruiting patients diagnosed with lung cancer and individuals at high risk for the disease who have undergone screening.
The validation trial follows clinical studies that resulted in final design of the noninvasive technology, which will help physicians determine whether a biopsy or other invasive diagnostic testing is warranted after screening a patient for lung cancer with low-dose computer tomography, or LDCT.
"We expect CyPath Lung to be commercially available by year-end and available to physicians who need to determine whether surgical biopsy or monitoring is the best option for their patients," bioAffinity President and CEO Maria Zannes said.
Nearly 1.6 million people across the world die from lung cancer annually. Early detection of the disease is critical. Roughly 14 million Americans are estimated to be at high risk for lung cancer.
"If detected and treated early at stage 1, the dismal five-year survival rate of 18 percent leaps to a 10-year survival rate of 88 percent," Zannes said.
The San Antonio company is working with four clinical sites, which are enrolling volunteers for the study: Summit Medical Group in New Jersey, Radiology Association of Albuquerque in New Mexico, Waterbury Pulmonary Associates in Connecticut and Atlantic Health Systems in New Jersey. Zannes said bioAffinity expects to add four additional clinical sites.
In March, I reported that bioAffinity was adding scientific and investment management expertise in its build up to commercialization. It's also sought additional funding.
Zannes said CyPath Lung will enter the U.S. market for use by patients who receive positive diagnoses by LDCT imaging.


text:
Ariel Miguel Santiago Ibagaza (27 d'octubre de 1976, Buenos Aires, Argentina) és un futbolista argentí amb doble nacionalitat espanyola. Juga de migcampista i el seu primer equip va ser el Club Atlético Lanús. El 2010 fitxà per l'Olympiacos FC després de finalitzar el seu contracte am el Vila-real CF.

Biografia
Jugà des de jove a les categories inferiors del Lanús fins que el 1994 debutà a la Primera divisió A de la lliga argentina de futbol amb el primer equip. Amb aquest club va guanyar una Copa Conmebol.

El 1998 comença a jugar a la lliga espanyola de futbol amb el RCD Mallorca. El seu debut a la Primera divisió espanyola va ser el 30 d'agost de 1998 al partit UD Salamanca 0-0 Mallorca. Amb el Mallorca jugà cinc temporades i va aconseguir una Copa del Rei i una Supercopa d'Espanya. A més va quedar subcampió de la Recopa d'Europa a l'última edició d'aquest torneig, que el RCD Mallorca va perdre contra la Lazio.

El 2003 fitxà per l'Atlètic de Madrid, equip amb el qual fou titular jugant seixanta partits de lliga en dues temporades. La temporada 2006-2007 tornà al Real Mallorca, on és titular indiscutible i un dels jugadors més decisius de l'equip. El juliol de 2008, el Vila-real CF s'interessà amb el jugador argentí i fitxà per 2 milions d'euros, per 2 anys i cobrarà 3 milions d'euros amb el club de la Plana. L'estiu de 2010 finalitza el seu contracte amb el Vila-real CF i fitxa per Olympiakos FC.

Internacional
Només ha estat internacional amb la selecció argentina en dues ocasions, encara que fou bastant habitual amb els equips inferiors.

Títols

Campionats nacionals
 Una Copa Conmebol (Lanús, 1996)
 Una Copa del Rei (RCD Mallorca, temporada 02-03)
 Una Supercopa d'Espanya (RCD Mallorca, 1999)

Campionats internacionals
 Un Mundial sub-20 (Selecció argentina sub-20 1995)

Enllaços externs
 Ibagaza a www.lfp.es
 Ariel Ibagaza fitxa pel Vila-real CF
 El club de la Plana confirma el fitxatge

Futbolistes de Buenos Aires
Futbolistes del Club Atlético Lanús
Futbolistes del RCD Mallorca
Futbolistes de l'Atlètic de Madrid de la dècada de 2000
Futbolistes del Vila-real CF
Futbolistes internacionals amb l'Argentina de la dècada de 1990
Futbolistes internacionals amb l'Argentina de la dècada de 2000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A very simple way to install wnaspi32.dll to your system. Designed for non-technical users. This dll may be required by your software to access your DVD and CD drives. The file will be supplied by email after purchase. For use only on Windows XP, NT and Windows 2000. Get this high-performance file, optimized for CD Recording and DVD playback.


How many times have you been blocked by Facebook for either a comment you made or a picture you posted? Once? Twice? Well, how about four times? Yes, Facebook keeps blocking me for re-posting something I was sent or making a comment on a news story from a news source that really has nothing to do with them. Since the local news media is on Facebook, I used to comment on their articles sometimes harsh, depending on the subject matter and whether it was liberally biased. Obviously I must have been reported to Facebook by some liberal SOB cry-baby. As the old saying goes, "if you can't take the heat, stay out of the kitchen".
So now, I changed my preferences on Facebook to "private" so no one but my FB friends can see my posts. I deleted all local news sites on my page and will NEVER click on any ads on Facebook for any reason. My most fervent wish is that someone will come up with another Social Media site similar to Facebook that is easy to use and less PC. Unless you threaten someone or some organization, your opinions should not be censured. You can call me a bigot, racist, religious fanatic, hater, war monger, homophobic, whatever but I don't condemn you for it or report you. Your opinion is yours. If you threaten me, I'll threaten you back. If you swear at me, I'll swear at you back. Tomorrow I won't remember your name, nor care.
Don't know if all you know that if you are on Facebook you have given them the right to monitor your browsing on your computer. They know what websites you go to and what you look at even when you are logged out of Facebook. For this reason, I have now switched to "inprivate browsing" whenever I want to browse the internet. I don't intend to give Facebook any more free advertisement info. F them.
This entry was posted in American people, Social Media, Uncategorized and tagged censorship, facebook, ist amendment. Bookmark the permalink.


I would like to offer a full equine or canine photoshoot to a deserving individual. You send me your story, and why you believe this person deserves the recognition, and the one that inspires me the most will receive this one-off session.
Find out more about buying your mum an equine photoshoot for mother's day this year!


text:
2061: Odisea tres es una novela de ciencia ficción escrita por Arthur C. Clarke en 1987. Es el tercer libro de la serie Odisea espacial.

Orígenes
Debido a que la serie de las Odiseas está estrechamente relacionada con Júpiter y sus lunas, Clarke había pensado retrasar la escritura de un tercer libro hasta que la misión Galileo de la NASA incrementase nuestro conocimiento del gigante gaseoso. Sin embargo, el lanzamiento de la sonda se retrasó a consecuencia del desastre del transbordador espacial Challenger, y no llegaría a Júpiter hasta 1995. Decidiendo no esperar, Clarke se inspiró en el acercamiento del Cometa Halley en 1986 y ambientó su continuación en el futuro retorno del cometa, en 2061.

Argumento

2010
En la novela anterior, 2010: Odisea dos, Júpiter se convirtió en un mini-sol que recibió el nombre de "Lucifer", después de que la misión de la cosmonave Leonov a Júpiter averiguara lo que pasó a la Discovery. David Bowman, a través del computador HAL, envió un mensaje a la Tierra justo antes de la explosión de Júpiter: "TODOS ESTOS MUNDOS SON VUESTROS, EXCEPTO EUROPA. NO INTENTÉIS ATERRIZAR ALLÍ". (La versión cinematográfica agrega las palabras "UTILIZADLOS UNIDOS. UTILIZADLOS EN PAZ", como parte de su énfasis en la entonces plenamente activa Guerra Fría). La prohibición de visitar Europa se debe a que existen en sus océanos varias formas de vida extraterrestre, que los dueños del monolito estiman como muy prometedoras para otro de sus experimentos con la formación de nuevas inteligencias.

De 2010 a 2061
Cuando la Leonov volvió a la Tierra, Heywood Floyd (cuyo matrimonio se había deshecho mientras él estaba en la Leonov) sufrió un accidente y tuvo que ser enviado al hospital espacial orbital Pasteur para su cuidado. Su recuperación tomó más tiempo del esperado y se volvió un residente permanente de la estación espacial, al descubrir que su cuerpo ya no podía acostumbrarse a la gravedad de la Tierra. Cuando da comienzo la novela, Floyd es uno de los dos sobrevivientes restantes de la misión de la Leonov. Su hijo Chris, que también trabajó en la aeronáutica, murió varios años antes en el desastre del Copérnico, dejando a su hijo solo, también llamado Chris. Ahora, Chris Floyd II, ya adulto, trabaja a bordo la nave espacial Galaxy y no ha visto a su abuelo en años.

Entre 2010 y 2061 ha habido importantes avances tecnológicos y políticos. Los EE. UU., la URSS y China están ahora en paz, y las armas nucleares que aún quedan están bajo el mando internacional. Hay un Presidente Planetario (una especie de monarca, Edward VIII, cuyo país de origen no se especifica). La población negra de África del Sur se rebeló en 2017-2018 y formó los Estados Unidos de África del Sur (USSA). Gran parte de la población blanca huyó, sacando ilegalmente del país la mayoría de las riquezas. Los nuevos sudafricanos reconstruyeron la economía gracias a las minas de diamantes (vale la pena mencionar que este libro fue escrito en 1987, cuando el apartheid estaba plenamente vigente).

También se ha inventado una nueva forma de fusión más poderosa, basada en los muones, que ha permitido que el viaje espacial experimente avances importantes y sea comercialmente viable. La corporación espacial más grande es Tsung Spacelines, propiedad del billonario de Hong Kong Lawrence Tsung. Esta compañía ha construido las naves Cosmos, Galaxy y, más recientemente, Universe.

Aunque los humanos han empezado a extenderse por todo el Sistema Solar, abriendo colonias y minas en diversos mundos (incluyendo varias lunas del antiguo Júpiter), se ha respetado la prohibición de no descender en Europa por temor a las consecuencias. Eso no ha impedido que Europa sea continuamente observada desde otros lugares, como la vecina Ganímedes. De manera inexplicable (cosa que precipita los acontecimientos narrados en el libro), se ha operado un cambio sorprendente en Europa: de repente, una enorme montaña, más alta que el Everest, se ha levantado de la nada. Descartado el origen volcánico, nadie está seguro del origen de la montaña, que es bautizada con el nombre de Zeus.

2061
Heywood Floyd tiene 103 años en 2061 (vivir en condiciones de baja gravedad facilita la longevidad, por lo que se estima que Floyd tiene el equivalente a 65 años "convencionales"). Es escogido entre otras celebridades del momento para viajar a bordo de la cosmonave Universe, cuyo objetivo es realizar el primer desembarco humano en la superficie del Cometa Halley, que está haciendo su breve paso periódico por la zona central del Sistema Solar. En la Universe viajan, al mando del Capitán Smith, otras celebridades: la septuagenaria actriz Yva Merlin (más famosa por sus papeles como Josephine Bonaparte en Napoleón y como Scarlett O'Hara en una nueva versión de Lo que el viento se llevó), la escritora Margaret M'Bala (conocida por su libro sobre mitología griega Las pasiones de los Dioses, a veces burlonamente llamado el "Anhelado juego olímpico"), el astronauta Clifford Greenburg (el primer hombre en aterrizar en Mercurio), el director de orquesta y compositor Dimitri Mihailovich, y la "celebridad del pop y científico" Victor Willis.

Entretanto, hay un equipo de científicos en Ganímedes que están trabajando en la terraformación de la antigua luna. Rolf van der Berg, un refugiado de la segunda generación africana, estudia las fotografías de la Montaña Zeus y concluye que es de hecho un enorme diamante, aunque hasta el final del libro no se informa de ello al lector. Se lo comunica a su tío Paul Kreuger, hablando en el idioma afrikáner como una medida de seguridad porque, en caso de ser cierto, estiman que las repercusiones en la economía mundial pueden ser enormes y temen que los grupos más afectados puedan reaccionar violentamente.

Van der Berg consigue formar parte de la tripulación de la Galaxy y sobrevuela Europa para intentar ver si está en lo correcto. Pero los rumores acerca del gigantesco diamante han llegado tanto a la Shaka (una organización paramilitar de USSA) como a la ASTROPOL (organización policial similar a la INTERPOL). Shaka envía de incógnito a la Galaxy, camuflada como azafata, a una de sus agentes, Rose McCullen. La ASTROPOL contacta con Chris Floyd II en Ganímedes y le piden que "mantenga sus ojos abiertos".

Cuando la Galaxy se acerca a Europa, Rose McCullen secuestra la nave, se encierra en la cabina del piloto y, a punta de pistola, obliga al piloto a llevar a la Galaxy a la superficie de la luna. El aterrizaje en tales condiciones termina con la Galaxy estrellándose en el océano de Europa, llamado Mar de Galilea. Habiendo fracasado en su misión, McCullen se suicida.

La Universe recibe noticias de que la Galaxy está aislada en Europa, la luna prohibida. Es la única cosmonave preparada para emprender una misión de rescate a tiempo. Después de rellenar sus tanques con un géiser en el Cometa Halley, la Universe se dirige hacia Europa.

Entretanto, el Capitán Laplace de la accidentada Galaxy cede el mando al capitán Lee, que es un marinero profesional. Lee pilota la Galaxy a través del agua para llegar a la orilla de una pequeña isla que bautizan con el nombre de Refugio. El Capitán Laplace retoma el mando y sugiere a Rolf van der Berg y Chris Floyd II tomar el transbordador Bill Tee que la Galaxy lleva a bordo para estudiar de cerca la Montaña Zeus. Aprovechando el viaje, acuerdan visitar también los restos de la nave espacial china Tsien (accidentada en 2010: Odisea dos) y el enorme monolito que está al lado de la frontera entre el lado diurno y el nocturno de Europa, llamado la Gran Pared. El transbordador se posa en la superficie del monte Zeus y Van der Berg, tras confirmar la teoría de que la montaña es un gigantesco diamante, envía un mensaje a su tío Paul a través de Ganímedes que dice "LUCY ESTÁ AQUÍ". La palabra "Lucy" había sido escogida por ambos para referirse a Lucifer, el mini sol, y a un artículo de la revista científica Nature de 1981 (artículo completamente real, por otra parte), que sostenía la hipótesis de que los núcleos de Urano y Neptuno eran de hecho de diamantes del tamaño de la Tierra, creados por las grandes presiones ejercidas sobre el carbono original. Con esta hipótesis, se hace una extensión lógica a Júpiter. El artículo se titulaba "¿Diamantes en el cielo?" en referencia a la canción de los Beatles "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds". Así, la increíble pero irrefutable teoría de Van der Berg se confirma: la Montaña Zeus es un fragmento del centro de Júpiter que salió despedido durante la explosión que lo convirtió en estrella y que, habiendo seguido una órbita errática durante cincuenta años, acabó impactando en Europa.

En la Galaxy, los célebres pasajeros discuten acerca de David Bowman y los monolitos, y, sobre todo, sobre las posibles consecuencias de su llegada a Europa, quebrantando la prohibición. Floyd sigue la sugerencia de Yva Merlín e intenta llamar Bowman por radio. Esa noche tiene un sueño extraño en el que ve un monolito en miniatura flotando al pie de su cama.

El Bill Tee vuela sobre los restos de la Tsien, que ha sido completamente despojada de sus metales. Van den Berg supone que, en un mundo donde escasean los metales y no hay forma de hacer fuego (pues la atmósfera no contiene oxígeno), esos metales deben valer tanto como los diamantes en la Tierra, y que ese saqueo sugiere una indudable forma de inteligencia entre los Europanos.

Al final de su periplo por Europa, y a la sombra de la Gran Pared (el Monolito), encuentran un pueblo de Europanos abandonado, construido a base de estructuras parecidas a los iglúes. Heywood Floyd, o su espectro, se aparece a Chris del mismo modo que David Bowman se apareció a Floyd en 2010, diciéndole que la Universe está acercándose y que los Europanos han abandonado la ciudad "hasta que se disipe el veneno en el viento". Van der Berg piensa que Chris está loco, hasta que comprende que el calor del motor del Bill Tee ha disociado el vapor de agua en hidrógeno y oxígeno, siendo el oxígeno venenoso sin duda para los Europanos.

Chris avisa a la Universe y descubre que su abuelo no está en absoluto muerto. La tripulación es rescatada y llevada a Ganímedes, donde finalmente observan vía satélite cómo la Montaña Zeus se hunde bajo la superficie de Europa en pocos días. Poco después, Paul Kreuger escribe un artículo como continuación del artículo original de la revista Nature (80 años después), demostrando que la Montaña Zeus era un fragmento del centro de Júpiter y que otros "icebergs" de diamante están actualmente en órbita alrededor de Lucifer, proponiendo que se comiencen a buscar y recolectar para poderlos usar inmediatamente en sus múltiples aplicaciones tecnológicas.

La conversación dentro de la Gran Pared

Floyd duda si el pequeño monolito que vio en su habitación después de enviar un mensaje por radio a Bowman fue real o solo un sueño. Por eso, no lo menciona a nadie. Sin embargo, al final nos enteramos de que no fue un sueño: el monolito reprodujo la conciencia de Floyd. Hay ahora dos Heywood Floyd: uno es un humano normal, y el otro es un ser inmortal que reside con David Bowman y HAL dentro de la Gran Pared. Los tres seres conversan, y Floyd averigua que el impacto de Montaña Zeus no entraba en los planes de los dueños del Monolito. Al contrario, retrasó el desarrollo de la inteligencia en Europa y causó la extinción de muchas especies prometedoras. HAL y Dave están angustiados porque la colisión podría haber dañado el monolito. Dave relata cómo las gaseosas criaturas jovianas, inspiradas en la obra Cosmos de Carl Sagan, tuvieron que ser exterminadas en la creación de Lucifer para que los Europanos pudieran sobrevivir, y le dice a Floyd que tienen menos de un milenio para trabajar en el desarrollo de la inteligencia en Europa.

Transcurrido ese milenio, en 3001, Lucifer, la estrella que un día fue Júpiter, se extingue... y "por segunda vez en cuatro millones de años, el monolito despertó."

¿La versión cinematográfica?
Poco después de que la novela saliera a la venta, Tom Hanks expresó su interés por producir una adaptación cinematográfica, con él en el papel de Floyd, y Keir Dullea y Douglas Rain retomando sus papeles de 2001: Una odisea del espacio como David Bowman y HAL 9000. Estos planes nunca fueron más allá del anuncio inicial.

Véase también
 El Centinela
 Odisea espacial
 2001: Una odisea del espacio
 2010: Odisea dos
 3001: Odisea final

Saga Odisea espacial


Paris is a relatively safe city, as cities go, and recently, I was having a discussion with someone about places to be wary about traveling to and was told that the only place in the world that they felt unsafe was Dallas, my hometown! I, on the other hand, feel perfectly safe here in my own backyard, but anything can happen anywhere in the world and petty crime sometimes occurs in places where you least expect it, like museums, hotel lobbies, restaurants and public transportation. Sometimes it's just bad luck. Other times, it's a lapse of common sense and judgement on our parts. For example, if you wear fancy jewels or tote a pricey handbag on the métro, there is probably someone riding with you that loves your gold Rolex as much as you do. On public transit, it's especially easy to "grab and go" things because once the doors shut and the train pulls away, the damage is done. They're French my friends, not stupid - and yes there is a difference. If you advertise your wares, they are going to take you up on your offer. If that does happen to you, notify the driver at the next station; sometimes they will call security for you and alert others on the train to be careful. In cases where your wallet is stolen, thieves will sometimes remove the cash right away and toss everything else in the trash, or even on the ground, as it's hard to prove that a wad of cash is stolen. So you might get lucky and get your wallet back. Wily pickpockets blend in well. It's easy to categorize people by how they dress or look, or their nationality, but pros know how to mix in. Some pose as young couples on their honeymoon, young women "tourists", looking lost as they "try" to read their maps - using the maps to cover up their hands as they rifled through people's belonging, mother's with babies, even men with young children.
Tourists often feel timid about raising a stink in public. But if you feel you are in a "situation", don't be afraid to be pro-active; in spite of their reputation, Parisians are very helpful and they hate scams and petty thieves too, and will often come to your aid. However if you feel in danger, it's best to give up your wallet or whatever, to avoid things escalating. If you are a victim of a crime, you can file a police complaint online, but it's probably better to go to the police yourself, especially if you need a police report to file an insurance claim back home. The likelihood of you being held up by gunpoint is slim, but pickpockets - well that's a totally different story. We have been very fortunate, in all of our travels, not to have been victims of crime. Earlier this Summer, as we were traveling in Europe, we found the pickpockets and schemers to be working it hard in Paris. These are some of ways we were approached.
This is a common ruse in tourists areas, like around the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame, the bridges that cross the Seine as well as in places like the Place de l'Opéra and Madeleine. Someone walking in front of you will "find" a gold ring on the ground and pick it up, with a look of surprise. They will show it to you, ask if it's yours, then after marveling at what a valuable piece of jewelry they found, they will offer to let you buy it from them for a great price. The ring is cheap brass – just walk away. OR, they will ask you, as they point to a ring on the ground, "Did you lose your wedding ring?" As you bend over intrigued, they are trying to lift your purse or wallet.
Crowded métros and buses are places to be alert. We had a few rides where we were packed in tight. I made sure my purse was in front of me with my hand resting on top, which is usually how I walk around while traveling. Be careful of people following you through the turnstiles. It's a popular way for people to avoid paying the fare. But also, for some, as they push through, squeezing in behind you, they are lifting your wallet. If you see someone getting ready to lunge behind you, stop, pretend that you forgot something, and stand there for a moment. They will quickly move on to someone else. You'll notice that Parisian speak softly on public transit. Speaking loudly quickly identifies you as someone who is not a local and may be in unfamiliar territory. Cameras hanging from your neck easily mark you as someone with something to lose. If the métro is packed when it shows up and you have valuables, you might want to wait for the next one. No need to be paranoid, just be extra aware and pay close attention to what's happening around you. Even though Paris public transit is fairly safe at night, if you are in an unfamiliar neighborhood and there aren't a lot of people around, you might want to ask the restaurant to call a taxi for you.
Recently the Louvre security guards went on strike because there were so many pickpockets and petty thieves patrolling the museum - and because children get in free, many of those are kids. Everyone is looking at art and not concentrating on their personal belonging. So be especially aware while at the Louvre and if you someone is standing too close to you, move away. If shopping in the gift shop or buying a snack, be aware when you remove your wallet and put it away.
Sadly, in today's world, if you are travelling abroad and someone asks you "Do you speak English", they are wanting you to read their papers, while another might be checking out your pockets, purse or backpack. In some instances, there are teams of young girls and boys with clipboards, clamoring for you to sign something or donate money. Often they are for organizations that claim to assist the blind or deaf. As the City of Paris advises, "Although they may seem to be acting on behalf of reputed associations and foundations, they are not. Their only aim is to get money from you, which will never be transferred to these organizations but instead used to fund illegal organization and underground networks." While we were in Paris we were hit HARD with this scam, 10 to 15 times a day. They were relentless. After our first day of that, we began pretending not to speak English. When asked we just put up our hand and kept on walking with no trouble.
Thieves scope out some ATM machines and have lightning-fast fingers. So once you enter your code, they will rush by, shove you aside, and hit the buttons for the highest amount of cash and run off with it. The way to avoid this is to use ATMs that are located inside banks whenever possible, during business hours. Or go with a friend and have them stand near you while you get cash out.
In restaurants, do not leave purses on the floor, hanging from the back of your chair, or on the seat next to you. One ruse is that a customer will come in, without a reservation, and slide in next to you. They'll scope out the menu, then suddenly decide they're not interested in eating there and leave - taking your wallet with them. Another ruse they use is to "stumble" when walking by a table, using that as a chance to rifle through a purse left on the floor. They brush themselves off, assuring you they are "Okay" – and keep on walking. Unfortunately, on occasion they will take a wallet or an entire purse. I ALWAYS keep my purse strap over my head and across my chest while I rest my hand on top. I don't have to worry or even think about my purse because I'm touching it all of the time.
The RER train from the airport is fast and cheap. It's also full of jet-lagged people, bleary from a long flight. If you take the RER train from the airport, do not leave your luggage next to the door; thieves are brazen enough to reach in just as the doors are closing and grab a suitcase.
I know it may sound tiring and not worth the headache of traveling to new places, but don't stay home because there is evil in the world. Be vigilant and mindful of your surroundings and you will be successful in your travels. Take your children and teach them NOT to be afraid of the world.....you'll be glad ya did!
We always plan for delays and try not to get upset when things inevitably go wrong. Patience is extremely important when traveling! I was wondering how long we should expect a trip whose distance from Los Angeles to San Diego.


The city Planning Board approved a measure related to the planned Cold Point manufacturing plant on South Jay and Henry streets in its Tuesday night meeting.
The five-member volunteer board unanimously voted to divide a property on Henry Street's 500 block, across from the Rome Cable complex at the meeting.
The measure splits up the Rome Cable tower from a now-empty lot, where development will begin on Cold Point's new facility.
Cold Point is a light manufacturing firm currently located on Success Drive in west Rome's industrial park.
The company makes air-conditioning systems and equipment, and construction on its new, 50,000 square foot facility will be aided by $900,000 in Downtown Revitalization Initiative (DRI) funding.
The site of Cold Point's new location, on the northwest corner of South Jay and Henry streets, is presently owned by the Rome Community Brownfield Restoration Corp.
And RCBRC officials are the ones who requested the subdivision, according to the proposal before the Planning Board..
RCBRC will sign a ground lease with Cold Point for use of the land.
There will also be a city-maintained industrial access road built through the property, continuing west from the corner of South Jay and Ridge streets.
RCBRC officials have said the access road will reduce truck traffic on nearby residential streets.
Also discussed was the fate of the Rome Cable tower itself.
There are no immediate plans for the structure, which houses public safety communications systems for the county, officials said.


text:
"Hoarders," "Undercover Boss" vie for Critics' Choice prize
Hoarders (pictured), Pawn Stars, Sister Wives and Undercover Boss are among the shows that will be battling for the Best Reality Series prize at the second annual Critics' Choice Awards in LA later this month.
By Adam Benzine
Hoarders (pictured), Pawn Stars, Sister Wives and Undercover Boss are among the shows that will be battling for the Best Reality Series prize at the second annual Critics' Choice Awards later this month.
Also competing in the category are Fox series Kitchen Nightmares and Travel Channel series Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations.
The nominees were unveiled by the Broadcast Television Journalists Association (BTJA), an offshoot of the Broadcast Film Critics Association, and the winner will be announced on the evening of June 18 at a gala awards dinner in LA.
In the other two non-fiction categories, the nominees for Best Reality Series – Competition are AMC's The Pitch, ABC's Shark Tank, NBC's The Voice, Food's Chopped, CBS's The Amazing Race and Fox's So You Think You Can Dance.
Meanwhile, the nominees for Best Reality Show Host are Dancing with the Stars' Tom Bergeron, America's Got Talent's Nick Cannon, So You Think You Can Dance's Cat Deeley, The Amazing Race's Phil Keoghan and RuPaul's Drag Race's RuPaul.
RuPaul heads into the latter category having last week won the Best Host prize at Realscreen's Factual Entertainment Awards in Santa Monica.
"We are very excited by these nominations, reflecting the amazing diversity and creativity that is exploding on the small screen today," said Joey Berlin, acting president of BTJA.
America's Got Talent, Broadcast Television Journalists Association, BTJA, Cat Deeley, Critics' Choice Awards, Dancing With The Stars, Factual Entertainment Awards, Hoarders, Nick Cannon, Pawn Stars, Phil Keoghan, RuPaul, RuPaul's Drag Race, Sister Wives, So You Think You Can Dance, The Amazing Race, Tom Bergeron, Undercover Boss
Factual Entertainment Awards 2012: "Deadliest Catch" nets trophy trio
Inaugural Critics' Choice TV Awards reveals nominees
"The Voice," "No Reservations" take Critics' Choice TV Awards
Critics' Choice wins for "Push Girls," "Duck Dynasty"


text:
de Brehna (né vers 1126 et mort le ) est un membre de la maison de Wettin qui fut comte de Brehna de 1156 à 1182.

Biographie
Frédéric est le plus jeune fils du margrave de Misnie,  et de son épouse.
Il est considéré comme le fondateur Landsberg. Frédéric acquiert de nombreux biens pour son comté de Brehna dans le Diocèse de Magdebourg : Trebus, Löben, Prettin, Burg, Schweinitz, Jessen, Klöden, Zwethau, Herzberg, Belzig, Zahna, Wiesenburg, Werben, Gommern...

Il fait de fréquents séjours aux cours tenues par l'empereur de , ainsi il est présent en 1165 à Altenbourg, en 1173 à Goslar, en 1180 à Altenbourg et en 1181 à Erfurt. Avec son frère, Thierry d'Ostmark, il assiste  lors de la malheureuse bataille de Legnano en 1176. Il intervient plusieurs fois, comme témoin dans les actes des membres de sa famille : il est par exemple témoin lorsque son frère  de Groitzsch- Rochlitz fait des dons aux monastères de Chanoines réguliers de saint Augustin fondé à Zschillen et dont l'église est consacrée en 1168. Le  il est à l'origine avec ses frères,  margrave de Misnie et Thierry seigneur de Landsberg et d'Eilenbourg du nouveau monastère de Petersberg. Frédéric meurt le  il est inhumé dans l'église du monastère. Sa femme Hedwige lui survécut 19 ans.

Union et postérité
Frédéric épouse Hedvige fille de , duc de Jemnice (allemand Jamnitz) dont :
  († ) ;
  († ) hérite du comté de Wettin en 1217, à la mort de son cousin  de Wettin. Il épouse Judith de Ziegenhain († 1220) dont :
  († 1234),
 Thierry/Dietrich († 1267) ;
 Sophie († 1227), abbesse de Quedlinbourg.

Sa lignée perdure jusqu'à la fin du  lorsqu'après la mort sans descendant des trois fils du comte  de Brehna († 1278) : Albert († 1284),  († 1285-1288) et  († 1290) Brehna échoit au duché de Saxe et Wettin à Magdebourg.

Notes et références

Sources
, édition du .
 Anthony Stokvis, Manuel d'histoire, de généalogie et de chronologie de tous les États du globe, depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours, préf. H. F. Wijnman, Israël, 1966, Margraves de Thuringe, Misnie et Lusace: « Maison de Wettin » et tableau généalogique.

Liens externes

Maison de Wettin
Saxe médiévale
Margrave germanique
Décès en 1182
Décès en Saxe-Anhalt


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Variation experiment comprises a series of Simulation experiments, which are based on a single scenario with varying its one or several parameters.
You want to see how changing a certain parameter value in a scenario affects the supply chain. Instead of creating multiple scenarios holding different parameters' values, running a Simulation experiment for each of them and comparing the results manually, you can set up a Variation experiment, which will automatically vary the required parameter, run a simulation experiment for each variation and present you with the results that can be easily compared.
You want to see how a certain stochastic parameter in a scenario affects the supply chain. You can set up a Variation experiment that will repeatedly run a Simulation experiment, produce statistically significant results, calculate statistical data basing on the received data and provide the final result in the form of a table.
You should create at least one scenario to run the Variation experiment. Prior to running the experiment you should specify the scenario to work with, define the variations and select statistics to collect the data for. When you launch the experiment, it passes through a series of iterations, one for each variation. After the experiment is finished, you can compare the values of the statistics collected for each variation to view how the differences in the initial conditions affect the model behavior.


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text:
Zlatan Ibrahimovic to Be Honoured With Giant Bronze Statue in His Hometown of Malmö
Zlatan Ibrahimovic is to become a permanent resident of Malmö, as the international superstar will soon unveil a bronze statue of himself in his Swedish hometown.
Since Ibrahimovic's debut for Malmö FF in 1999, the now LA Galaxy striker has gone on to become one of the greatest footballers of his generation, playing for a host of top European clubs during his career.
The ex-Manchester United forward has also been a great servant for his national side Sweden, and the decision to honour Ibrahimovic with a giant statue originated from the Swedish football association, as reported by The Local.
The 37-year-old was delighted to be honoured by the 2.7 metre statue in his hometown, where he grew up and began his footballing journey.
The statue of Zlatan Ibrahimovic will be erected in Malmö. "This is where it all started. My heart is here. I am very pleased that my statue will be erected in Malmö. That was my wish from the very beginning." pic.twitter.com/6biYIOncjg
— Ishmael Commodore (@IshmaelCommodo1) September 10, 2019
"It was my wish from the very beginning. This is where everything started and this is where my heart is," Ibrahimovic stated.
Secretary general of the Swedish FA Håkan Sjöstrand has complete faith in sculptor Peter Linde, whose task it is to design the perfect replica of the former Barcelona and Inter man.
Sjöstrand said: "The statue will forever be a great manifestation of Sweden's greatest and one of the world's best footballers of all time."
Ibrahimovic scored an incredible 62 goals for the Swedish national team, and in doing so became the all-time leading scorer for his country.
The former Red Devil won the Europa League, Community Shield and League Cup during his time in Manchester, scoring 17 goals in the process.
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