text:
US-9,608,989 Method, system, trusted service manager, service provider and memory element for managing access rights for...
A method for granting trusted applications (SP1_WL) of a Service Provider (SP1, SP2)access to applications (appSP1.1, appSP1.2; appSP2.1) of that Service...
US-9,608,988 Method and system for authorizing secure electronic transactions using a security device having a quick...
Methods and systems for authenticating a security device for providing a secure access and transaction authorization to a remote network location are provided....
US-9,608,987 Systems and methods for the secure sharing of data
In various embodiments, a computer-implemented method for sharing tasks over one or more computer networks is disclosed. The method includes providing a task...
US-9,608,986 User authentication method and user authentication system
A verification server is configured to communicate with a usage target system via a first communication channel and an information terminal device via a second...
US-9,608,985 Image forming apparatus supporting peer-to-peer connection and method of controlling job authority thereof
A method of controlling job authority of an image forming apparatus that supports a P2P connection includes: storing a profile of a wireless device that is P2P...
US-9,608,984 Accessible files
A computer implemented method for accessing one or more files including scanning a storage device using a processor for one or more signed files in response to...
US-9,608,983 Authentication system and method for embedded applets
A system and method for authenticating user requests issued from embedded applets running on web-accessible user devices. The server system generates...
US-9,608,982 Identity validation system and associated methods
A computer system and associated methods for verifying user identities online. Identity claims made by a requestor of an online access and/or a trusted...
US-9,608,981 Strong user authentication for accessing protected network
Systems and methods for strong user authentication for accessing protected networks. An example method may include: transmitting, by a processing device, an...
US-9,608,980 Environment-aware security tokens
The technology described in this document can be embodied in a computer implemented method that includes receiving, at a processing device, information about...
US-9,608,979 Systems, methods, and computer program products for securely managing data on a secure element
Systems, methods, and computer program products are provided for managing applets. A first request to personalize the first applet is received over a...
US-9,608,978 Relationship-based authorization
Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, related to relationship-based authorization. In general, data characterizing a request for...
US-9,608,977 Credential validation using multiple computing devices
A tool for credential validation using multiple computing devices. The tool select at least one challenge question. The tool selects two or more user owned...
US-9,608,976 In-vehicle shared-screen system with write back to multiple user accounts
In some examples, a vehicle head unit of a vehicle includes at least one processor; and at least one module operable to: responsive to authenticating a first...
US-9,608,975 Challenge-dynamic credential pairs for client/server request validation
Computer systems and methods in various embodiments are configured for improving the security and efficiency of server computers interacting through an...
US-9,608,974 Automatic token renewal for device authentication
Approaches are described for automatically generating new security credentials, such as security tokens, which can involve automatically re-authenticating a...
US-9,608,973 Security management system including multiple relay servers and security management method
The present invention relates to a security management system of a computer network, which includes a center server and two or more relay servers. The relay...
US-9,608,972 Service providing system and data providing method that convert a process target data into output data with a...
A system providing a service to a service receiving apparatus includes a management information storage that stores management information including service...
US-9,608,971 Method and apparatus for using a bootstrapping protocol to secure communication between a terminal and...
A method comprising the use of a bootstrapping protocol to define a security relationship between a first server and a second server, the first and second...
US-9,608,970 Sharing keys
The subject matter described in this specification includes a computer-readable medium storing instructions that cause one or more processors to perform various...
US-9,608,969 Encrypted augmentation storage
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for storing and retrieving encrypted data. In one aspect, a...
US-9,608,968 Connection architecture for a mobile network
A mobile device for accessing content stored on a remote server over a mobile network is provided. The mobile device includes a processor configured to direct...
US-9,608,967 Method and system for establishing a session key
A system and a method is provided for establishing a session key in a context of communications between entities, the identifiers of which are generated...
US-9,608,966 Information handling device, information output device, and recording medium
An information handling device has a first connection unit, a Web application executing unit to generate a device operating command, a second connection unit,...
US-9,608,965 Secure network request anonymization
Network request anonymizing nodes ("NRANs") may be described herein. The NRANs may act as anonymizing proxies by generating additional anonymizing network...
US-9,608,964 Private application platform
Methods and systems disclosed provide for creating private networks for secured communication between devices. The devices can communicate with each other over...
US-9,608,963 Scalable intermediate network device leveraging SSL session ticket extension
An intermediary network device receives a request for a secure communication session between an endpoint server and an endpoint client through the network...
US-9,608,962 Application-aware connection for network access client
Virtual private network (VPN)-related techniques are described. The techniques provide intuitive mechanisms by which a client device more efficiently...
US-9,608,961 Firewall policy management
Methods and systems are provided for creation and implementation of firewall policies. According to one embodiment, a firewall maintains a log of observed...
US-9,608,960 Systems and methods of geo-location based community of interest
The embodiments described herein recite a geo-location based community of interest (COI) system and method which add the capability to configure Network Connect...
US-9,608,959 Non RFC-compliant protocol classification based on real use
A firewall system determines whether a protocol used by an incoming data packet is a standard protocol compliant with Request For Comment (RFC) standards. In...
US-9,608,958 Lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) join search mechanism
Complex search tasks are performed relative to an LDAP directory with a minimal quantity of LDAP search operations. Search tasks that follow relationships...
US-9,608,957 Request routing using network computing components
A system, method and computer-readable medium for request routing. A DNS server at a content delivery network service provider obtains a DNS query corresponding...
US-9,608,956 Method and electronic device for performing exchange of messages
An electronic device is provided that easily performs message exchange that exploits the relative position relationship with other vehicles while traveling. The...
US-9,608,955 Location-based notification
Location-based notification includes establishment of a rally point and subsequent notification of a user when another user enters the rally point. Senders may...
US-9,608,954 Digital device for providing text messaging service and method for controlling the same
A digital device including a display unit, a communication unit, and a processor to control the display unit, wherein the processor extracts at least one...
US-9,608,953 Systems and methods for transferring message data
Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, are described for providing messages to client devices. In...
US-9,608,952 Systems and methods for user device interaction
Systems and methods for receiving a communication on one or more user devices within a vehicle and redirecting the communications based at least in part on one...
US-9,608,951 Displaying a known sender's identifier to a recipient of a joint senders' message
An approach is provided in which a request is received from a requestor to send a new email message to one or more recipients on behalf of a selected joint...
US-9,608,950 Systems and methods for sharing videos and images in a texting environment
An electronic device displays an image or video associated with a session of a messaging application. The device displays a message received from a user...
US-9,608,949 Simultaneous sharing communication interface
A user can share (show) multimedia information while simultaneously communicating (telling) with one or more other users over a network. Multimedia information...
US-9,608,948 Method for presenting an attachment within an email message
A method for presenting an attachment within an email message on a display of a portable electronic device includes displaying the email message using a...
US-9,608,947 Telecommunication and multimedia management method and apparatus
A telecommunication and multimedia management apparatus and method that supports voice and other media communications and that enables users to: (i) participate...
US-9,608,946 Retrieval of stored transmissions
An instant messaging client application is executed on a first terminal, to participate in threads of instant messaging between user terminals over a...
US-9,608,945 Sending messages to multiple receiving electronic devices using a message server
The described embodiments include a message server that is configured to send, to multiple receiving electronic devices, corresponding messages that each...
US-9,608,944 Information processing apparatus and information processing method
Provided are an information processing method and apparatus being applicable to a first electronic device, comprising establishing a communication link between...
US-9,608,943 Method of queuing signals
Example methods, apparatuses, and/or articles of manufacture are disclosed that may be implemented, in whole or in part, using one or more computing devices to...
US-9,608,942 Digital data processing methods and apparatus for the automated generation of personalized digital content
The invention provides, in some aspects, digital data processing methods of generating digital content pieces (e.g., email messages or portions thereof) that...
US-9,608,941 Methods and systems for clustering emails using email addresses
A computer-implemented method of automatically organizing email messages is performed at a computer system. In the method, a plurality of email messages is...
US-9,608,940 Ultra low latency network buffer storage
Buffer designs and write/read configurations for a buffer in a network device are provided. According to one aspect, a first portion of the packet is written...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Breakfast for lunch! Brunch y'all!
We made collard and mustard greens with a little meat, so in order to up our fat intake, I made cauli tots, eggs, bacon-wrapped jalapeno poppers and plain bacon.
Our breakfast included: Cauli tots, scrambled eggs, bacon-wrapped poppers, guacamole, flank steak collards, and bacon!
A cross section of the tots They ended up more like muffins, next time we will make them smaller.
Collards are delicious and nutritious! Make sure you drink the pot likker!
Talk Nerdy to Me! I didn't want to get political, but food is their weapon.
With increasing evidence that sugar is one of the most addicting substances on earth, I have been readjusting my attitude towards addicts of all kinds. There's an episode of South Park where Michael Moore (the film maker) is doing a documentary that is super biased, essentially it's an anti-smoking movie. All the while, he is demanding that his crew bring him trays of hamburgers and fries, one after the other. While he is busy creating an anti-smoking movement in South Park, he's getting really fat, and grossly fiending for more, even while eating constantly.
There is such a stigma attached to being an drug addict, and while I have many opinions about not becoming one, or fixing it once you are one, I found that I held many hypocritical feelings towards them. I am a sugar addict. Most fat white old men creating policy, and throwing young, black weed dealers in jail in this country are as well. Drug addicts with better social standing, condemning others, exactly like themselves, to a life wasted, for nothing but differing opinion…and skin color, let's not forget that. But, I digress. For another blog I suppose.
We all search for the same fireworks in the brain as a meth addict. I admit, one is a little more acutely destructive, but over time, I think they are about the same. Your organs will give up trying to manage your sugar intake eventually. Morbidly obese people are treated like garbage, especially women. Any morbidly obese person will tell you they have a sickness. They aren't wrong. But, if you are a man, you can get away with being huge and diabetic, and essentially, be unaffected by your bodily abuse. Fat people are addicts with better social standing. Over time, your body becomes so used to malfunctioning, being sugar and water-logged and inflamed that it becomes normal. You forget what it feels like to feel good. Sugar is so damaging to the cells, and organ function, diabetics left "untreated" would die. Metabolic disease rips you apart in just a stunning, terrible, and shocking way as a hard drug dependency. Just ask anyone that has had limbs removed for their inability to cut sugar, or had 4 heart attacks.
At the turn of the century, the big push medically speaking, was developing drugs to fix infectious disease. We developed antibiotics, truly a modern marvel, and paved a new way for medical developments. In this drug-centric climate, medical professionals started throwing drugs at a new, mono-crop, sugar driven, nutrient-devoid, metabolic wave of sickness. Throwing pharmaceutical drugs at metabolic disease, is criminally insane, and is killing millions of ignorant, naive people trying their damnedest to fix the issue. It's easy to give up, when the medical advice you receive from doctors is literally killing you. Older people come from a time when doctors knew what they were doing. They had the knowledge about the drugs that would cure syphilis or necrotic infections. Unfortunately, now, they end up following bum medical advice, attempting to throw drugs at a sugar problem and die, sick. In many cases, they die of the very same issue that initially drew them in to the doctor's office to begin with. Chronic, progressive disease, is not corrected with drugs. I think millions of metabolic disease deaths yearly is evidence enough. Food affects all organ systems, and will "cure" metabolic disease. Keto feels like a miracle, but in actuality, it is hard science. Based in fact, and not to be ignored. Diabetes isn't cured, it's corrected. That's the difference between diet fads, and the fasting/ketogenic lifestyle. Love yourself enough to change.


text:
Q: sed: replacing a string with a multi-line file's contents I'm trying to replace a line with a string, but receiving either unknown option to s' or unterminated s' command errors from sed. Using sigils other than / (tried both @ and #) has no effect.
line='<script type="text/javascript" src="<?php echo $jquery_path ?>jQuery.js"></script>'
file_content=$(sed 's:/:\\/:g' jquery.js) # escape /s in replacement content

sed -i -e "s@$line@$file_content@" ./index.php

jquery.js is minified source, and should not contain any newlines.

A: In terms of what went wrong:

*

*jquery.min.js contains @ and # characters, so neither of these is safe as an unescaped sigil.

*Your sed operation on jquery.min.js is escaping /s, even if you're using @s in the outer sed instance.
To fix this, you might change
file_content=$(sed 's:/:\\/:g' jquery.js)

...to...
file_content=$(sed 's:@:\\@:g' jquery.js)

Also, if you didn't remove the first line with a comment with licensing information, the replacement file isn't actually only one line. Putting an unescaped newline in sed command terminates it.

The easy answer is not to use sed at all. Consider, for instance, gsub_literal, as defined in BashFAQ #21:
gsub_literal() {
  # STR cannot be empty
  [[ $1 ]] || return

  # string manip needed to escape '\'s, so awk doesn't expand '\n' and such
  awk -v str="${1//\\/\\\\}" -v rep="${2//\\/\\\\}" '
    # get the length of the search string
    BEGIN {
      len = length(str);
    }

    {
      # empty the output string
      out = "";

      # continue looping while the search string is in the line
      while (i = index($0, str)) {
        # append everything up to the search string, and the replacement string
        out = out substr($0, 1, i-1) rep;

        # remove everything up to and including the first instance of the
        # search string from the line
        $0 = substr($0, i + len);
      }

      # append whatever is left
      out = out $0;

      print out;
    }
  '
}

In your use case, that might look like the following:
gsub_literal \
  '<script type="text/javascript" src="<?php echo $jquery_path ?>jQuery.js' \
  "$(<../my_files/jquery.js)" \
  <index.php >index.php.out && mv index.php.out index.php

A: You said yourself that you want to replace a string. sed CANNOT operate on strings, only on regexps (see Is it possible to escape regex metacharacters reliably with sed). awk on the other hand can operate on strings so just use awk:
awk -v old='<script type="text/javascript" src="<?php echo $jquery_path ?>jQuery.js"></script>' '
NR == FNR { new = new $0 ORS; next }
$0 == old { $0 = new }
{ print }
' jquery.js index.php

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Do you have the problem of the bag too big or too small? Too heavy at times? Our new fashion foldable reusable bag are not just lightweight and has huga capacity but also very fashionable, anti wrinkle and water proof!
Your recycle bag has never been so stylish that it can even being carry as everyday hand bag. It comes in various design and color that suits your mood and OOTD.
We have also have it in a different handle and shape that resemble a plastic bag. You can fit in anything you want, to the beach, to the market, go for shopping, go for picnic, hit the gym and etc.
In conjuction with the implementation of the new rule formulated under the Solid Waste Management and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 that waste should be saperated starting in September, it is also a great time to remind us that we should always reduce, reuse and recycle.
So we should always bring a reusable bag whenever we go for shopping and say no to plastics bags.
'Recycling Is The Responsibility Of All' , start using a recycle bag today!
This entry was posted on September 12, 2015 by mrdiy2u in Accessories, MRDIY and tagged antiwrinkle, bag, foldable, lightweight, recycle, reusable, waterproof.


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text:
Hunebed D10 ligt ten noorden van het dorp Gasteren aan de rand van de Gasterse Duinen in de Nederlandse provincie Drenthe.

Het is te bereiken via wandelwegen in het natuurgebied Gasterse Duinen (tussen de weg van Gasteren naar Oude Molen en het fietspad van Gasteren naar Schipborg).

Benaming
Het hunebed werd tijdens de renaissance Duyffelskutte,  's Duyvels Kut of De Kut van de Duivel genoemd (zie ook Duvelskut). Op een kaart van Ortelius wordt deze plek zo genoemd. Deze term werd het eerst opgeschreven door Antonius Schoonhovius Batavus, een kanunnik uit Brugge, in een brief naar zijn collega Cornelius Gualterus (20 december 1547). Op de stenen zouden levende mensen geofferd worden, nadat ze door de smalle gang onder de altaarstenen moesten kruipen en met mest bekogeld werden (een soort charivari). Een soortgelijke benaming bestaat voor hunebedden D17 of D18, alhoewel archeoloog Wijnand van der Sanden betoogd dat D10 beter overeenstemt met de beschrijving. Ook Sicke Benninge (een kroniekschrijver uit Groningen) beschrijft dit  hunebed als Des Duvels Kolse, waarbij Kolse (kous) op het vrouwelijk geslachtsdeel zou slaan, in zijn Croniken der Vreescher Landen mijtten Zoeven Seelanden ende der stadt Groningen.

Bouw

Het hunebed wordt toegeschreven aan de trechterbekercultuur.

Het hunebed is een klein en incompleet hunebed. Het hunebed is 6,7 meter lang en 3,1 meter breed. Het heeft nog twee dekstenen, oorspronkelijk waren dit vier, en zeven draagstenen. Ook zijn er twee sluitstenen.
Poortstenen zijn niet aangetroffen.

Ten noorden van het hunebed zijn nog karrensporen zichtbaar, het hunebed ligt aan een handelsroute van Groningen naar Coevorden.

Geschiedenis
Het hunebed wordt al vermeld in 1694 door M. Bolhuis, destijds worden drie dekstenen genoemd en zij rusten op zeven of acht stenen. Er zou een reus onder deze stenen liggen.

In 1854 is nogal onzorgvuldig omgesprongen met dit hunebed. De toenmalige eigenaren hebben het graf opengebroken (er was toen nog sprake van drie dekstenen) op zoek naar archeologische voorwerpen voor een tentoonstelling tijdens het negende Landhuishoudkundig Congres te Assen.

Van Giffen beschrijft het hunebed in 1925 als "sterk gestoord".

Er vonden restauraties plaats in 1869 en 1878 (enkele stenen werden verplaatst), in 1952 en 1996. Bij de restauratie van 1952 bleek dat er veel gegraven is in en naast het grafmonument.

In de nabijheid werd een Romeinse munt aangetroffen; een solidus van keizer Valentinianus I (364-375).

Society of Antiquaries
In Engeland ontstond in de jaren zeventig van de 19e eeuw bezorgdheid over de wijze waarop in Nederland hunebedden werden gerestaureerd. In die kringen was men vooral bezorgd dat met de restauraties het oorspronkelijk beeld van de situatie verloren zou gaan. De directeur van de Society of Antiquaries in Londen verzocht de oudheidkundigen William Collings Lukis en sir Henry Dryden om de staat waarin de hunebedden zich op dat moment bevonden nauwkeurig vast te leggen. Zij bezochten in juli 1878 Drenthe en brachten veertig hunebedden op de Hondsrug in kaart. Ze hebben opmetingen verricht en beschreven de aangetroffen situatie, die zij tevens vastlegden in een serie aquarellen. Hun rapportage aan de Society of Antiquaries verscheen echter niet in druk. Hun materiaal werd bewaard bij de Society of Antiquaries, het Guernsey Museum & Art Gallery en het Drents Museum. Het Ashmolean Museum in Oxford bezit kopieën van hun werk. In 2015 publiceerde de Drentse archeoloog dr. Wijnand van der Sanden alsnog hun werk. Hij voorzag hun materiaal van een uitgebreide inleiding. Ook schetste hij de ontwikkelingen met betrekking tot het archeologisch onderzoek van de hunebedden na hun onderzoek tot 2015. Hij gaf als oordeel dat het werk van Lukis en Dryden van hoge kwaliteit was. In het Drents Museum was in 2015 een tentoonstelling over het werk.

Hunebed D10 is weergegeven op Plan III: Tijdens het bezoek van Lukis en Dryden waren er nog zes draagstenen en een sluitsteen aan beide kanten. De dekstenen waren verdwenen, alleen de meest westelijke ligt half begraven in het zand. Ten tijde van het eerdere onderzoek van de archeoloog Janssen lag het bouwwerk in een kuil, alleen de dekstenen waren net zichtbaar boven de hei. Er waren destijds nog drie dekstenen aanwezig.

Hunebed in Drenthe
Rijksmonument in Aa en Hunze

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


the false eyelashes will attached to the real eyelashes like sandwich biscuits, and the whole process does not need to use any glue. The magnetic eyelashes is reusable!
No glue required, takes you seconds to apply, saving your time.


text:
A Friendship Tree of Hope
At a reception in June 2008 a noteworthy Metasequoia sapling was presented by Mr. Rey Chiu to Aspac Developments at the British Columbia Canada Pavilion in Beijing.
The Metasequoia is an ancient breed of tree in China. It is said to have existed since the Paleozoic Era and considered a living fossil. The sapling symbolizes a symbol of friendship between the two Olympic cities, Mr. Chiu attended the ceremony on behalf of Miss Yang Yang, the Olympic short-track speed skating gold medallist and torchbearer of the upcoming Beijing Olympics.
Aspac Developments, one of Vancouver's most prominent real estate developers, will plant the sapling as a symbol of support for the speed skating athletes, wishing the Chinese and Canadian teams best wishes for excellent performances in the upcoming Winter Olympics. Aspac is a major sponsor of the Pavilion and is planning a completely new 3 million square-foot community development adjacent to the Oval in Richmond, B.C. following the 2010 Olympics.
Ms. Shirley Bond, Deputy Premier of BC, Minister of Education and Minister responsible for early learning and literacy, attended the ceremony to further promote friendship between Beijing and British Columbia.
The 2010 Winter Olympics will be held in Vancouver and the British Columbia Canada Pavilion is currently exhibited right next to the Beijing Planning and Exhibition Hall, to promote the many aspects of BC.
2010 Winter OlympicsBeijingOlympics


1968. First Edition. Unpaginated. White jacket over cloth boards. Book is in better condition than most examples of this age. Neat, clean, well bound pages with very minimal foxing, tanning and thumbing. Small inscriptions and neat labels may be present. Boards have mild shelf wear with light rubbing and corner bumping. Some light marking and sunning. Unclipped Jacket has light edge wear with minor tears and chipping. Mild rubbing and marking.


text:
Therapeutic independence: A global problem
Professor Silvio Garattini
Garattini PS. Therapeutic independence: A global problem. Aust Prescr
The complexity of the therapeutic environment
The authorisation and the life of a drug are dictated by a number of stakeholders. If it is possible to list (in decreasing order of importance) the responsibility to provide a drug to a patient, it might be as follows:
Legislative bodies – the law determines the general framework of the pharmaceutical environment. The European Medicines Agency is responsible for the regulation and approval of new drugs in Europe, and publishes three documents:
the leaflet for patients
the Summary of Product Characteristics for physicians
the European Public Assessment Report describing the pathway that led to approval.
National agencies usually have only a minor role in the approval of drugs (today mostly generics) but are very important for reimbursement by national health services.
Scientific societies – these are generally responsible for drafting guidelines and in some cases must exert pressure to obtain rapid approval of drugs (e.g. for anticancer drugs)
Prescribers – whether in hospitals or primary care, prescribers have the final decision of what to give the patient
Patients or consumer associations – these groups usually have very limited influence.
All these stakeholders are influenced by two forces:
the pharmaceutical industry, which is obviously interested in selling as many medicinal products as possible at the highest possible price
the national heath service, which funds the provision of only essential drugs to patients at the lowest possible price.
Pharmaceutical companies, either directly or through their lobby groups (e.g. the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations in Europe), have the ability to influence all stakeholders. Their support of scientific societies, marketing to prescribers and the financing of patients' associations, as well as the media, is pervasive and extremely effective. In contrast, information coming from the national health service is, in general, relatively scarce. This creates an asymmetric system driven by economic interests, while the national heath service has limited influence.
The imbalance between the industry-funded information and independent information has led to distortion in the conception of medicinal products, which are becoming consumer goods rather than therapeutic tools.
How drugs satisfy patients' needs
Each year the US Food and Drug Administration authorises about 60 new chemical entities to be marketed, and the European Medicines Agency authorises about 30 new entities. The importance of these new products is very limited since they are often drugs belonging to an existing therapeutic class, with only small chemical changes. In addition, in the last decade there has been an increase of biopharmaceuticals (obtained by DNA-recombinant techniques, such as monoclonal antibodies).
The analyses to date indicate that most new medicinal products are not necessary. One French study showed that out of 961 drugs approved in the period 1999–2008 about 49% brought nothing new, 11% were 'not acceptable', and the others could offer some benefits, but only 2% provided any real advantage.1 Another study analysed the improvements in quality of life, expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALY), induced by 281 new medicinal products. Only 12% induced more than 1 QALY, while 51% induced less than 0.1 QALY.2
Some confusion arises depending on the parameters used to establish the progressive value of therapy. A percentage can be misleading, and it is better to express the advantage in absolute terms. A clear idea about the value of a drug can be estimated from the number of patients that must be treated with a given drug in order to obtain a positive outcome in terms of reduced mortality or morbidity – the number needed to treat (NNT). The same can be done using the number needed to harm (NNH), i.e. the number of patients that must be treated to observe an important adverse event. The ratio of NNT to NNH constitutes an attempt to identify a 'therapeutic ratio'.
A fair evaluation of medicinal products should not only be quantitative, but should also address the relation between patients' unmet needs and efforts to make drugs available to meet these needs. For instance, bacterial resistance to antibiotics has not been followed by the development of new antibiotics effective against resistant microorganisms. Similarly, there have been no truly new agents for mental disorders (psychotropic drugs) in the past 30 years, and several important multinational pharmaceutical companies have abandoned this field of research.
A recent study pointed out the discrepancy between the burden of a given disease and the number of drugs available. Epidemiological data indicate that while there has been a considerable decline in mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, in the field of cancer (namely breast and colorectal cancers) in the last decade there has been less improvement over previous decades despite the number of drugs approved.
Orphan drugs merit special mention. In the last 10 years only 63 drugs have been approved by the European Medicines Agency for the 6000 rare diseases awaiting treatment. In some cases the evidence of a favourable benefit–risk ratio is very doubtful. Similar considerations are offered for the lack of new drugs for the neglected diseases of people in developing countries.
Bias in randomised controlled clinical trials
The scientific literature has recognised a number of biases that affect randomised controlled trials. In general these tend to magnify the benefit of a drug and minimise adverse reactions. All these biases lead to poor innovation.
Abuse of placebo
It is obvious that a comparison with placebo rather than with an active comparator allows better appraisal of a drug's benefit. In this respect there is considerable disagreement between the Declaration of Helsinki and the rules issued by the US and European regulatory agencies. There are three different types of abuse of placebo:
direct comparison with placebo (two-arm studies)
use of placebo in an add-on design
the three-arm design (placebo, comparator, new drug).
In all three cases not using the comparator (when available) can harm patients in the placebo group because they receive no treatment or treatment that is less than optimal. Examples of this bias include:
the recent direct comparison of placebo with drugs developed for multiple sclerosis (e.g. cladribine, fingolimod, laquinimod)
the combination of metformin with a new antidiabetic drug where placebo is used, despite established standard treatment combinations of two antidiabetic drugs
the comparison of antidepressants where placebo is not necessary if the trial is designed to detect superiority.
Selection of the comparator is very important because it can affect the evaluation of the new drug. Ideally the best standard should be used, at the best dose and duration of treatment. In practice these variables are often selected in order to favour the new drug. For instance in the case of rofecoxib, comparison with naproxen would have detected the cardiovascular adverse effects induced by rofecoxib. In another example, tacrolimus was shown to be superior to cyclosporin only because cyclosporin was used at suboptimal doses.
Non-inferiority trials
In this type of trial, investigators test the null hypothesis that a new drug is worse than the active control (standard therapy). When they can reject the null hypothesis, they accept the alternative, the new drug is not worse, but do we really need non-inferior drugs? Often the difference for acceptance of non-inferiority may be 25–50%. Patients rarely receive clear information in the informed consent form about the significance of this experimental design.
Surrogate end points
Frequently the evaluation of a drug is not based on therapeutic advantages for the patients, but on indicators that may indirectly reflect possible advantages. Examples are decreased blood cholesterol as a surrogate for reduction of myocardial infarction, decreased blood pressure as a surrogate for reduction of stroke, and decreased blood glucose as a surrogate for cardiovascular complications of diabetes. In some cases therapeutic end points are considered equivalent to surrogate end points, particularly when a group of drugs belong to a class with a similar mechanism of action.
However, since each drug has its own chemical structure, adverse reactions may in fact outweigh the benefit. Statins are an example. Rosuvastatin was approved for use on the basis of its hypocholesterolaemic effect, but simvastatin and pravastatin had already demonstrated protective effects against myocardial infarction. Cerivastatin was withdrawn because of toxicity. In another example, several anticancer drugs have been approved on the grounds that they reduce tumour volume, but with no evidence of improvement in overall survival or quality of life.
Composite end points
Where specific events are relatively few, it has become customary to group several events together. For instance death, myocardial infarction, stroke and coronary artery occlusion may be grouped as 'cardiovascular events'. When a drug achieves a statistically significant decrease in a composite end point it is proclaimed that all the individual end points have been beneficially affected. However, the significance is usually driven by minor points that are less important therapeutically.
Fragile populations
New drugs are frequently tested on men rather than the population that will be using the drug, such as older people. Children are rarely recruited for trials, nor are women of fertile age. Furthermore, patients are selected for trials in artificial conditions, while in clinical practice patients may have multiple comorbidities and be taking several drugs already. Consequently, the trials may overestimate the drug's benefits and underestimate its harms in clinical practice.
Publication bias
This term refers to the tendency to favour publications showing positive results rather than negative ones. This has created a number of problems in drug assessment. For instance, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been considered active in mild depression even though they are not different from placebo. Reboxetine is overall an ineffective and potentially harmful antidepressant when positive and negative trials are assessed together.3 The suicidal tendencies induced by antidepressant drugs in adolescents have not been well publicised.
The risk induced by drugs can seldom be detected during trials because they recruit too few people. Adequate postmarketing follow-up is therefore important. However, most drug withdrawals are instigated by pharmaceutical companies rather than the regulatory authority, indicating that appropriate follow-up by regulatory authorities does not occur. In addition, withdrawal is often considerably delayed, such as in the case of rofecoxib, cerivastatin, rosiglitazone, sibutramine, and rimonabant.
Some proposals for change
It is difficult to change the present system because all stakeholders have some vested interests. However, the present crisis may offer an opportunity to make some changes.
There are essentially three changes needed to the legislation:
The approval of a new drug presently requires only evidence of quality, efficacy and safety. It would be important to also require 'added value'. This would abolish pivotal studies of non-inferiority and would require comparative studies in order to identify advantages over drugs already available on the market.
Confidentiality should be abolished, at least for pharmacological, toxicological and clinical data. There is no reason to maintain confidentiality because, for clinical trials in particular, the data belong to the patients. Without their generosity there would be no clinical trials.
The regulatory authorities should be funded from public sources. The European Union and its member states could recover their funding from industry in different ways.
These changes in legislation would result in stricter approval processes that allow only drugs that offer true innovation in therapeutic terms to be marketed (see Table).
Table - Regulatory evaluation of clinical trials
Kind of comparison
Superiority to placebo
Non-inferiority to active comparator
Kind of comparator
(and its dosage)
Not always the most appropriate
The best available treatment
Outcome measure
Surrogate outcomes
Clinically meaningful outcomes addressing significant better and/or longer life
To avoid bias in trials, one of the two pivotal phase III trials should be carried out by an independent non-profit organisation.
Regarding adverse reactions, it is important to require 'active pharmacovigilance'. At present the Committee for Human Medicinal Products, a technical advisory body of the European Medicines Agency, is responsible for the approval (or rejection), appeal and withdrawal of drugs. This creates a conflict of interest, since it is hard for the same body to exert contradictory functions. A separate committee should be responsible for monitoring for adverse effects over the life of a drug and making decisions about modifying the summary of product characteristics or withdrawing a drug.
Independent research must be promoted at the preclinical and clinical levels. There is a tendency to translate the effects of a drug too fast from laboratory to humans. Although this can be done on healthy volunteers under specific conditions, thorough evaluation is essential in vitro and in several animal species and models of human diseases. The action of antivivisection groups poses a serious obstacle to the extension of laboratory tests to animals. In addition, excessive bureaucratic rules hamper the development of knowledge useful to understand drug actions. It must be recognised that the pharmacological effect in animal tests is frequently too small to suggest real therapeutic action. The example of some anticancer drugs is pertinent in this respect.
Investigator-driven clinical trials organised by non-profit organisations should be encouraged by making available funding and infrastructures, particularly for international collaboration on large clinical trials, and trials for rare and neglected diseases. For the past two years, special topics for independent trials have been supported under Framework Program 7 in Europe. In Italy a special law has established a research fund by taxation of 5% on all promotional expenses (except salaries) borne by pharmaceutical companies.
For five years there have been annual calls for investigator-driven clinical trials comparing drugs for the same indications, addressing new indications for old drugs, or testing orphan drugs. An international peer review assigns funds to the selected proposals. The independent research is not only useful for better evaluation of drug toxicity and activity, but also to optimise doses and duration of treatment. In some cases equivalence of drugs with different prices can allow savings on drug expenses. Independent trials should also aim to involve practitioners in order to evaluate drugs in current clinical practice, particularly in the elderly and children.
In order to avoid repetitive studies and delay in developing new indications or contraindications, before starting any new trial it is important to undertake a systematic review or a meta-analysis of trials that have already been done. Unfortunately, a number of trials are still done without any preliminary review. These studies waste resources and expose people to undue risks. In Europe a six-month patent extension is offered as an incentive to carry out trials in children. In some cases it would be less expensive for the national health service to fund these trials, providing the results are recognised by the regulatory authority.
The present legislation for randomised controlled trials (through Good Clinical Practices) does not distinguish between the requirements necessary for a new medicinal product and those for independent research using drugs already on the market (e.g. for comparison, optimisation or new indications). These studies should be less burdened by official requirements. The risk of a given trial should dictate the need for insurance, the grading of monitoring and the reporting of adverse reactions.
In Europe the European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network has been created to assist international trials by providing the necessary information and helping to deal with national differences in clinical trials requirements.
Following Professor Garattini's presentation, participants raised the following key points in discussion:
The concept of introducing a 5% levy on drug companies to fund investigator-initiated research was seen as a good idea. This money could also be used to fund research that would provide reliable information about the effectiveness of drugs in those high-need population groups that are likely to benefit from the drugs (e.g. children, women, the elderly).
Guideline developers must constantly assess whether the study design of a trial is applicable to their target populations.
There is a lack of trials evaluating non-drug interventions, such as physical activity or dietary changes, which may be just as effective as drug therapy for managing disease and improving health outcomes.
A number of complementary and alternative therapies are actively advertised and promoted as having a therapeutic benefit. While not all of these therapies may be dangerous, there is no requirement to demonstrate their efficacy in rigorous trials, so there are no data about their effectiveness. There should be consideration of introducing the same regulatory framework for the approval of these products as there are for registered drugs.
Off-label use of products is hard to monitor and evaluate.
There is a need to engage more closely with the public and consumers to get input into the topics of greatest concern for them and incorporate this information into the research agenda.
Professor Garattini explained the Mario Negri Institute's policy on competing interests (see Appendix 2 for details).
Anon. A look back at 2008: pharmaceutical quality problems. Prescrire Int 2009;18(100):84-8.
Walker A, Booth C, Brown A, Paterson K. How much good do new medicines do? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009;105(Suppl 1):29.
Eyding D, Lelgemann M, Grouven U, Harter M, Kromp M, Kaiser T, et al. Reboxetine for acute treatment of major depression: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished placebo and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor controlled trials. BMJ 2010;341:c4737.
Garattini S, Bertele V. Adjusting Europe's drug regulation to public health needs. Lancet 2001;358:64-7.
Garattini S, Bertele V. Ethics in clinical research. J Hepatol 2009;51:792-7.
Garattini S, Bertele V. Non-inferiority trials are unethical because they disregard patients' interests. Lancet 2007;370:1875-7.
Garattini S, Bertele V, Banzi R. Placebo? no thanks, it might be bad for me! Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69:711-4.
Garattini S, Chalmers I. Patients and the public deserve big changes in evaluation of drugs. BMJ 2009;338:b1025.
Joppi R, Bertele V, Garattini S. Orphan drugs, orphan diseases. The first decade of orphan drug legislation in the EU. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013;69:1009-24.
Director, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy


text:
Q: Kafka Rolling Update Inter Broker Listener When migrating from one inter.broker.listener.name to another broker by broker, what does happen to the inter broker communication during the time where the brokers in the cluster have a different inter.broker.listener.name configured?
Let's assume:

*

*Broker 1 & 2 use inter.broker.listener.name "internal"

*Broker 3 uses inter.broker.listener.name "external"

Will Broker 1 & 2 know how to connect to Broker 3 and vice versa / aka is a rolling update possible? If so how does it work (at a high level)?


text:
Q: Blank page in react after using navigation I created a React app and it ran perfectly fine with simple HTML/CSS a header and a button. But when I added <Routes>, <Route> and navigation.navigate, I get a blank screen with no errors in the console that I used to run the app. However, there is an error in the browser console, stating "Cannot read property of undefined 'getElementById".
I have tried giving the main parent div id='root' as that is the variable that was passed to getElementById. I am not sure what other solutions to try as other questions have had different situations/contexts.
Sample code is here https://codesandbox.io/s/frosty-fast-zqcn83?file=/src/index.js .
You can see the error message, and if you exit it, you can see the blank screen (with the colour that I chose).
Code:
import './App.css';
import {Routes, Route, Router, useNavigate, NavLink, Link, BrowserRouter} from 'react-router-dom';
import Newpage from './screens/Newpage.js'

function App() {
  let navigate = useNavigate();
  function navigateToCloset(){
    navigate(Newpage);
  }

  const About = () => (

About Me

Ipsum dolor dolorem consectetur est velit fugiat. Dolorem provident corporis fuga saepe distinctio ipsam? Et quos harum excepturi dolorum molestias?

Ipsum dolor dolorem consectetur est velit fugiat. Dolorem provident corporis fuga saepe distinctio ipsam? Et quos harum excepturi dolorum molestias?

  );

  const Contact = () => (

Contact Me

You can reach me via email: hello@example.com

  );

  return (
    <BrowserRouter>

        My Closet

        <button className='homepagebutton'
        onClick={navigateToCloset}
        >
          Enter Closet
        </button>
        <button className='homepagebutton'>
          New Clothing
        </button>

        <Routes>
          <Route path="about" element={<About />}/>
          <Route path="contact" element={<Contact />} />
    </Routes>

          {/* <Link to="/">home?</Link> */}
          <Link to="/about">About</Link>

  </BrowserRouter>
  );
}

export default App;

A: Are you trying to navigate to a different page?
If so try using react-router-dom
Here's the link to the documentation
https://github.com/remix-run/react-router/blob/main/docs/getting-started/tutorial.md
EDIT: You should use the changes that Agrim provided.
But i would also Add the <Router> to wrap the app. This is just a rename of BrowserRouter
import { BrowserRouter as Router } from 'react-router-dom';

const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <Router>
      <App />
    </Router>
  </React.StrictMode>
);

I would also change the code in App.js to
import "./App.css";
import {
  Routes,
  Route,
  useNavigate,
  NavLink,
  Link,
} from "react-router-dom";
import Newpage from "./screens/Newpage.js";
// import { NavigationContainer } from '@react-navigation/native';
// import { createNativeStackNavigator } from '@react-navigation/native-stack';

function App() {
  let navigate = useNavigate();
  function navigateToCloset() {
    navigate(Newpage);
  }

  const About = () => (

About Me

        Ipsum dolor dolorem consectetur est velit fugiat. Dolorem provident
        corporis fuga saepe distinctio ipsam? Et quos harum excepturi dolorum
        molestias?

        Ipsum dolor dolorem consectetur est velit fugiat. Dolorem provident
        corporis fuga saepe distinctio ipsam? Et quos harum excepturi dolorum
        molestias?

  );

  const Contact = () => (

Contact Me

        You can reach me via email: hello@example.com

  );

  return (

My Closet

        <button className="homepagebutton" onClick={navigateToCloset}>
          Enter Closet
        </button>
        <button className="homepagebutton">New Clothing</button>

      <Routes>
        <Route path="about" element={<About />} />
        <Route path="contact" element={<Contact />} />
      </Routes>

        {/* <Link to="/">home?</Link> */}
        <Link to="/about">About</Link>

  );
}

export default App;

A: Are you using react@18.0.0 and react-dom@18.0.0?
If so, then use this code:
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import "./index.css";
import App from "./App";
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";

const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root"));
root.render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <App />
  </React.StrictMode>
);

instead of this:
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
import "./index.css";
import App from "./App";
import { BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";

ReactDOM.render((<App />).document.getElementById("root"));

in index.js file.

A: You can nest your button inside a link to navigate to a different page.
App.js:
return (
    <BrowserRouter>

My Closet

            <Link to="/new">
              <button className="homepagebutton">Enter Closet</button>
            </Link>
            <button className="homepagebutton">New Clothing</button>

          <Routes>
            <Route path="new" element={<Newpage />} />
            <Route path="about" element={<About />} />
            <Route path="contact" element={<Contact />} />
          </Routes>

          {/* <Link to="/">home?</Link> */}
          <Link to="/about">About</Link>

    </BrowserRouter>
  );
}

There is a typo in index.js. The . before "document" needs to be a , let me know if this works, I'm not sure if this is what you are trying to achieve. This is a 'bandaid' solution to your problem.  There are best practices in terms of creating a multi page website, in which your app.js should look something like:
function App() {
  return (<>
      <BrowserRouter>
        <Routes>
          <Route exact path='/' element={<Home />} />
          <Route path='/about' element={<About/>} />
        </Routes>
      </BrowserRouter>
  </>
  );
}

To navigate around your app within those pages, you could use a navbar or use Links in your home and other components.


The hosts of My Brother, My Brother and Me offer solutions to listeners' pressing pop culture problems. This week the brothers whether parents should introduce Justin Bieber, Star Wars, and Ke$ha to their children.
Click here for the rest of this episode!
Great to hear the Brothers McElroy on Bullseye, Jesse! I would like to humbly suggest more please. I am currently podcasting the crap out of these guys. Just loving them. I find them oddly comforting, like weirdly endearing, and just hilarious. Anything to give those guys some love and keep them in the ether, I'm all for.


The sense of pride, honor and integrity of the everyday fighting man made the brilliant careers of these five Brigadier Generals possible. Largely non-slave holding, these brave men of the Army of Tennessee followed Adams, Carter, Strahl, Gist and Granbury across the fields to your right into certain death that November afternoon. Please pause for a moment of respect to their memory!
This marker can also be identified by its HM code. You can use the hashtag #HM1YFL in tweets, and any other place where you might refer to this marker, including when searching on this site.


text:
Quick Answer: Which States Are A Part Of Tornado Alley?
What city gets the most tornadoes?
Can Chicago have a tornado?
What is the tornado capital of the world?
Where in Texas is there no tornadoes?
Is Tornado Alley shifting?
Which state is not a part of Tornado Alley?
What states get the most tornadoes?
What is the heaviest thing a tornado has picked up?
How does a tornado destroy a house?
What are the odds of getting hit by a tornado?
What is the biggest tornado ever?
What is the biggest tornado in US history?
Which city is located in Tornado Alley?
What states are included in Dixie Alley?
Why do tornadoes not hit big cities?
Which state has the deadliest tornadoes?
Has there ever been an f6 tornado?
Oklahoma City"Oklahoma City is almost in a class by itself when it comes to tornado activity," he explains.
"According to the local National Weather Service office, the capital of Oklahoma has been hit more than 140 times since records began in the early 1890s..
Tornadoes, nature's most evil wind, have been no strangers to the Chicago area. … However, tornadoes can occur anywhere in the Chicago area. The downtown area and the lakefront are not immune to tornado activity. On a gray and windy day in April 1967, a swarm of tornadoes struck the area, killing 58 people.
OklahomaNarrator: That's because even in Oklahoma, the tornado capital of the world, tornadoes only strike the same spot once every 1,200-1,500 years, on average.
Far west Texas, central Texas and "the Valley" have the lowest rates. Coastal Texas like Houston sometimes get them but are very infrequent. The northern panhandle is actually considered a part of "Tornado Alley."
A new study suggests that over the past four decades, what is known as "Tornado Alley" has been shifting east. New research has shown that tornado frequency has increased over a large swath of the U.S. Midwest, Southeast and parts of the Ohio Valley.
While it is not an official designation, states most commonly included are Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, and South Dakota. Florida, while not geographically part of tornado alley, sees more tornados than any other state, especially when accounting for how large the state is.
The states where the most tornadoes hit155: Texas.96: Kansas.66: Florida.62: Oklahoma.57: Nebraska.54: Illinois.53: Colorado.51: Iowa.More items…•
What is the heaviest thing a tornado has ever picked up? The Pampa, Texas tornado moved machinery that weighted more that 30,000 pounds. Whether it was slid or picked up, we don't know. A tornado would certainly have no trouble tossing a 2000 -3000 pound van into the air.
Tornadoes can lift up a building, and, occasionally pick a home off its foundation and set it down a few feet away. But — unlike in "The Wizard of Oz" — structures that are swept high in the air by a storm are generally destroyed by strong winds, the scientists said.
1 in 4,513,000A second opinion according to BookOfOdds.com "those odds [of being hit by a tornado] are 1 in 4,513,000.
El RenoEl Reno, Oklahoma tornado on May 31, 2013 is now widest ever recorded in the U.S. at 2.6 miles (4.2 km) wide, according to the National Weather Service.
El RenoA tornado that swept through Oklahoma on Friday was the widest tornado in American history, the National Weather Service said Tuesday. The El Reno, Okla., tornado scraped out a damage path up to 2.6 miles wide and 16.2 miles long, a swath at points wider and longer than Manhattan.
Oklahoma City21 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Oklahoma is generally known as the heart of Tornado Alley, as it lays at the centre of storm activity in the Great Plains.
(CNN) In recent years, scientists have noticed an increased frequency of tornadoes in the Southeast, carving a deadly path in what's called Dixie Alley. This region includes portions of eastern Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia.
Tornadoes do not hit big cities." MYTH…. Tornadoes hit large metropolitan areas with a high relative frequency. … Tornadoes are not diverted by any structure or terrain. Tornado strikes on large cities seem less common only because there are few cities relative to the size of the rural areas in the U.S.
Iowa reported 3,900 almost as many as Texas. The deadliest tornado in US history, the Tri-State Tornado, struck Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana in March 1925. St. Louis, Missouri and neighboring East St.
In reality, there is no such thing as an F6 tornado. … But he added that "tornadoes are not expected to reach F6 wind speeds." This leaves only the F0 to F5 range as the actual tornado F scale. For a tornado to be given an unprecedented F6 rating, it would have to produce damage more severe than has ever been observed.
Quick Answer: Is Standard Email Encrypted By Default?
Can Google read my emails? GOOGLE has admitted it'
Quick Answer: Can You Legally Pass A Moving School Bus?
Do school buses have cameras on the outside?
What Race Has The Least Body Hair?
What race has no facial hair? Ethnicity According to
Quick Answer: How Do You Fix A Hard Baked Potato?
How do you know if a baked potato is done?
How Much Usable Space Is On A 128gb SSD?
How long will a solid state drive last? Current estimates


The Washington Homebrewers Association would like to invite all homebrewers and beer lovers to hear the third speaker of the WAHA's Educational Speaker Program - Brian Perkey of Wyeast Laboratories.
Come to Big Al Brewing on March 27th to hear Brian speak about your yeast and how best to make it work for you. Come ready to get to know your yeast and get all of your yeast questions answered.
This event will qualify for BJCP CEP points so judges, come on down!!!
Admission is free and the event is open to all homebrewers and beer lovers. We ask that people RSVP in advance at http://tinyurl.com/waha-wyeast.
We encourage people to come early, grab a few pints and support our host. All throughout the night you will be able to buy Big Al's great beers at the bar. If you wear your WAHA t-shirt, you will get $1 off your pints.


Better precision. QEMU developers spent 15+ years building translators that are precise enough to emulate actual operating systems. Even a seemingly simple x86 instruction such as call needs more than ten pages of pseudo code in the Intel instruction set manual. Revgen effortlessly captures the complex behavior of all machine instructions, including system instructions not normally used in user programs.
Better reliability. Implementing a translator from scratch brings bugs and incompleteness. Revgen, however, can handle pretty much every instruction that QEMU supports, even the most exotic ones.
In the rest of this document, we will show how to use Revgen, how it works under the hood, and give a brief overview of its performance. As we will see, the main drawback of relying on QEMU's translator is the high overhead of the generated code (15-30x larger binaries). Revgen would need to reuse various optimization passes in order to bring this overhead down.
In this section, we show how to use Revgen on DARPA CGC binaries. We cleaned up and made stable our initial prototype of Revgen in order to analyze CGC binaries, so it supports these binaries the best. Other types of binaries will be supported in the future.
IDA can disassemble CGC binaries. You will need to install the CGC plugins, which you can find here. If you cannot find pre-compiled plugins for your IDA version, you will need to compile the plugin yourself using the IDA Pro SDK.
IDA has a working Python environment with the protobuf library installed. Running pip install protobuf should work in most cases.
The IDA_ROOT variable is set to the IDA Pro path, e.g., export IDA_ROOT=/opt/ida-6.8.
Revgen uses McSema to recover the CFG of the binary, and that requires IDA Pro. Note that this is an older version of McSema scripts (from 2016). McSema2 has been released in the meantime, which should have much better CFG recovery. We plan to port Revgen to the latest version.
Let us first translate the CADET_00001 binary. For this, set the S2E_PREFIX and IDA_ROOT variables, then run revgen.sh. This tutorial assumes that your S2E environment is in $S2E_ENV.
Revgen currently supports only CGC binaries. It may or may not be able to generate a bitcode file for other kinds of binaries (e.g., Linux or Windows) and cannot run non-CGC binaries.
Some CGC binaries may fail to translate because of various limitations of the (old) McSema script that Revgen uses.
Revgen's design is straightforward: it takes a list of basic blocks, calls a translator to turn them to equivalent pieces of LLVM bitcode, then stitches these pieces of bitcode together in order to reconstruct original functions.
At a high level, the translator takes a block of machine code (e.g., x86) and turns it into a QEMU-specific intermediate representation (IR). The translator then transforms this IR to the desired target instruction set (in Revgen's case, LLVM). The translator is composed of the CPU emulation library (libcpu), which generates the IR, and of the Tiny Code Generator library (libtcg), which handles the IR to LLVM conversion. We extracted libcpu and libtcg from QEMU and made both available as standalone libraries. We added LLVM translation capabilities to libtcg, which you can find here.
In the rest of this section, we will explain in more details how the translator works and how Revgen uses it to build an LLVM version of an entire binary. We will also see what it takes to run such binaries and discuss the assumptions that Revgen makes about them.
Revgen takes the binary file and the CFG recovered my McSema, and turns every basic block in that CFG into a piece of LLVM code. Revgen stops when it has translated all basic blocks in the CFG. The result is a set of independent LLVM functions, one for each basic block. Revgen's translator handles basic blocks in two steps: (1) it turns a basic block into a sequence of micro-operations and then (2) converts them to LLVM instructions. We will see next this process in more details.
First, the translator converts machine instructions into an equivalent sequence of micro-operations. For example, the translator decomposes the x86 instruction inc [eax] into a load to a temporary register, an increment of that register, and a memory store. This implements the effects of incrementing the memory location stored in the eax register. The resulting sequence of micro-operations forms a translation block.
Second, the translator maps each micro-operation to LLVM instructions, using a code dictionary. The dictionary associates each micro-operation with a sequence of LLVM instructions that implement the operation. Most conversions are one-to-one mappings between micro-operations and LLVM instructions (e.g., arithmetic, shift, load/store operations).
The translator also handles instructions that manipulate system state. Revgen accurately translates to LLVM instructions like fsave or mov cr0, eax. The former saves the state of the floating point unit, while the latter sets the control register (e.g., to enable 32-bit protected mode, which changes the behavior of many instructions).
For this, the translator uses emulation helpers. An emulation helper is a piece of C code that emulates complex machine instructions that do not have equivalent micro-operations. Revgen compiles emulation helpers to LLVM and adds them to the code dictionary, transparently enabling the support of machine instructions that manipulate system state. Helpers are implemented in libcpu and you can find them here.
Third, the translator packages the sequence of LLVM instructions into an LLVM function that is equivalent to the original basic block taken from the binary. More precisely, given the same register and memory input, the translated code produces the same output as what the original binary does if executed on a real processor.
To illustrate this process, let us consider the following function. This function invokes the exit system call with a status code passed as a parameter on the stack. The function is composed of two basic blocks: one starting at address 0x804860C and another one at 0x8048618.
Each function takes a pointer to a CPUX86State structure. This structure models the CPU's register file. All machine instructions are translated into LLVM instructions that operate on this CPU state structure. To handle memory accesses, the translator emits calls to __stX_mmu and __ldX_mmu helpers. We will explain later why the translator generates these instead of native LLVM load/store instructions. The int 0x80 instruction is complex and the translator calls the helper_raise_interrupt function to handle it.
__revgen_sub_804860c_804860c is an LLVM function that represents the function called sub_804860c in the original binary.
Notice how basic blocks are connected together with branch instructions. The example above shows a simple case where control goes directly from the first basic block to the second (which assumes that the int 0x80 instruction actually returns).
The call to abort() is important to terminate the translated program cleanly in case of unexpected program counters. This may happen in cases where the binary's CFG was not recovered properly and the program modifies the program counter to an unexpected value, e.g., in case of self modifying code.
As an exercise, open the CADET_00001.ll file that Revgen generated and try to find the translated basic blocks and functions.
The current implementation of Revgen makes several assumptions about the input binary.
First, the binary is statically linked. Revgen does not currently handle calls to dynamically linked library functions. An approach to handle calls is to read the emulated stack content and pass its data to LLVM call instructions, as well as store the return values to the appropriate register (e.g., to env->regs[R_EAX] for x86 programs). Doing this requires to know the calling convention of the API and to assume that the API is not sensitive to the aspect of the translated binary (dual stack, different program counters, etc.).
Second, an x86 binary runs in a 32/64-bit protected mode environment with a flat memory model and in user space. This is important, as the translator may disassemble instructions differently depending on the execution mode. For example, attempting to translate the x86 sysret instruction outside protected mode will cause the translator to emit a general protection fault exception, aborting the translation process. This behavior is inherited from QEMU's dynamic binary translator. In general, binaries should come with some sort of section headers describing which execution model they assume so that Revgen can configure the translator properly.
Third, the input binary may not have self-modifying code. Removing this restriction would certainly be possible given adequate runtime support, but in that case we would pretty much end up re-implementing QEMU. QEMU handles self-modifying by detecting writes to code sections and re-translating modified code on the fly.
In the previous section, we have seen how Revgen translates machine code to LLVM. We will now see how to run it. This requires linking the translated bitcode file with a run time that sets up the initial CPU state and provides emulation helpers that resolve memory accesses and translate system calls.
Initializing the CPU state. The runtime must first initialize the emulated CPU state, in particular the stack pointer register. The translated code retains all the assumptions of the original binary about the stack layout. In particular, it assumes that local variables, return addresses, and parameters are located at precise memory addresses when doing stack pointer arithmetic. The runtime library preserves the original stack layout by using a dual-stack architecture. There is one native stack used by the LLVM program and one implicit stack, whose pointer is stored in the CPU state structure (e.g., env->regs[R_ESP] for x86) and which is manipulated by the translated code. The runtime allocates the implicit stack and sets the implicit stack pointer before calling the main entry point of the program.
Resolving pointer arithmetic. Revgen embeds a copy of the original binary in the translated binary in order to resolve accesses to its sections at runtime. Revgen stores each section of the binary in a separate LLVM array. For example, if a program contains a hard-coded load from address 0x801234 that is actually a load from offset 0x1234 of the data section, the runtime will remap the access to the appropriate array. Revgen does not make any sophisticated attempt at lifting global variables and therefore resorts to this kind of runtime patching.
Translating system calls. For a program to be useful, it has to generally interact with its environment, which is done through system calls. Depending on the system call flavor (interrupt, syscall, sysenter…), the translator generates a call to a specific helper function. The runtime needs to implement that helper function so that it can translate the system call of the original platform to that of the target platform (e.g., Decree/CGC to vanilla Linux). This is very similar to what user emulation mode in QEMU does.
Revgen does not attempt to perform any sort of optimizations. All it does is a straightforward translation of the binary to LLVM using QEMU's translator. It does not attempt to reconstruct variables, simplify stack accesses, recover function parameters, lift exceptions, etc.
Revgen wraps each memory access into a function call. This makes it simpler to run the translated binary, but results in a larger overhead because of the extra call instruction and possible inlining of that call.
Revgen embeds the entire original binary in the translated binary. This allows Revgen to correctly translate data memory accesses at run time, but doubles the size of the binary.
Ideally, all the above should be done statically during translation. This would make a standalone LLVM binary that can be linked with the standard library and ran directly on any architecture. This requires much more complex lifting, similar to what McSema does. An non-exhaustive list of needed tasks would be to lift local and global variables, recover library function calls, support multi-threading, signals, exceptions, long jumps, and many more. Proper lifting would massively cut overhead because it would enable the LLVM toolchain to perform code optimization. In its current state, the code generated by Revgen cannot be optimized by the compiler.
You can find the complete data in the cgc-binaries.stats in the documentation repository. The bar chart below shows the size overhead of binaries produced by Revgen by comparing the original and translated binary size. You can generate the chart using this script (written in R).


Artificial intelligence (AI) drives gameplay, whether you're talking about a complex system of AI or a simple scripting engine. To really maximize your AI's potential, it needs to utilize the entire CPU and this means threading. This article examines how to thread a simple AI and some of the challenges in writing an AI that truly scales with multi-core CPUs.
The concepts described in this article were used in the creation of the multithreaded AI of Intel's Smoke demo. This demo showcases functional and data decomposition with multiple game technologies, including physics, audio, and AI. The source code is free to download at Whatif.intel.com.
Imagine you want to update a bunch of AI monsters. If you have only one core, all of those monsters must be processed in order. However, if you have multiple cores, you can process them at the same time.
More cores, and thereby more active threads, means you can have more monsters in your game!
Let's start by defining a simple AI. Our AI is going to be an enemy that idles, waiting to spot the player. When it spots the player it runs at them and explodes when it gets close.
The first state is AI_SPAWN. This is the initial state and sets up the AI. Once the setup is complete, the AI is put into the AI_IDLE state.
While in AI_IDLE, the enemy does a ray cast to determine if it can "see" the player. If the ray cast reaches (hits) the player, the state changes to AI_ATTACK.
While the AI is in the AI_ATTACK state it finds a path to the player. When it gets close it changes to AI_EXPLODE, hopefully causing damage to the player.


Judaism is an ancient religion, practiced through most of recorded history and having profound influence on both Christianity and Islam. It is a modern religion, too, still transforming the lives of many people. In this book, Jacob Neusner brings together these two aspects of the study of Judaism. He describes how Judaism is practiced in a particular time and place--America today--and surveys how Judaism took shape as people responded to political and religious crises. Neusner provides a wealth of primary texts in addition to his own analysis.


The Division of Sewerage and Drainage operates two wastewater treatment plants, Jackson Pike and Southerly. Wastewater from Columbus and 22 contracting suburban communities flows to one of these two plants, who combined treated an average of 208 million gallons per day in 2011, a year with record rainfall of 54.96". The photo to the right shows the sludge digesters at Jackson Pike, which are visible from I-71 south of downtown Columbus.
Other statistics on wastewater treatment in Columbus can be found in our most recent Department of Public Utilities Annual Report.
An Old Problem Our sanitary sewer system works well most of the time, but rain water and snow melt can seep into the system and overload it. When this occurs, the amount of water entering the sanitary sewer system exceeds the system's capacity to hold it.


Responding to the growing demand of the dairy export market, Westland Milk Products was seeking to expand its operations with a 17,000m2 dry store.
Office exteriors using exposed aggregate panels were supplied by our precast concrete division.
The project also included a rail siding that directly influenced the floor's design. Comprised of large post-tensioned slabs, the floor followed a 1:400 slope to match the siding's gradient.
This was a large industrial project for the company measuring in at 160m long and 106m wide.
This project included a rail siding that directly influenced the floor's design. Comprised of large post-tensioned slabs, the floor followed a 1:400 slope to match the siding's gradient.
Westland Milk Products expanded their operations with a 17,000m2 dry store.


text:
Mass. Voters Get Ready For The 2018 Midterms
(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)
MEDFORD, MA (WBZ-AM) — The 2018 midterm elections are just around the corner and Massachusetts voters are giving their ballots a lot of thought.
WBZ NewsRadio1030's Bill Marcus spoke to a cross-section of the electorate Sunday morning at a Starbucks in Medford about why these voters are casting their ballots Tuesday.
One voter was Danny, an electrician from Malden. He has moved back from the area after living in Rockport.
"Before wasn't that much work. But, there's plenty of work. And that's motivated me to keep voting," Danny said.
Danny said he likes Republican Senate candidate Geoff Diehl. He has also expressed a dislike for incumbent Gov. Charlie Baker. Rich, a bricklayer, shares this dislike.
"The workers — especially organized labor — hasn't been represented at that level," Rich said.
For voter Eliza, the focus is national.
"If we do vote, we're making a change. And that does have an impact on the election and the [House of Representatives]," Eliza said.
WBZ NewsRadio1030's Bill Marcus (@BillMarcusWBZ) reports


text:
Home Tags Nas
Tag: Nas
Gods of Rap II UK Tour – Nas, DMX, The Lox,...
This April is going to be sick as the Gods of Rap II announce three very special UK arena dates in Manchester, London and...
The Ends Festival 2019 – Nas, Damian Marley & Wizkid confirmed...
The Ends Festival will be the spotlight of the summer calendar in 2019, taking place in Lloyd Park in South London, Croydon from the 31...
RAYE Returns With 'Friends'
RAYE returns with a surefire smash hit single 'Friends', released today via Polydor Records. 'Friends' is an in your face ode to females being pitted...
Are you ready for The Weeknd, Skepta & Chance the Rapper...
Wireless has just announced its dope headline acts and line up for its weekend of festival hype at Finsbury Park 7th - 9th July...
Guess what? Fans can now reserve discounted tickets for Fresh Island...
Newsflash: Fans can now reserve discounted tickets early for europe's leading urban music festival fresh-island.org Last year saw the likes of Chris Brown, Wiz Khalifa, Khelani & more...
DJ Khaled's Major Key album launch party
DJ Khaled celebrated the release of his highly anticipated album Major Key with friends and industry VIPs at NYC nightclub Lavo. The SnapChat King's 9th album...
The Grandfather of Rap, Jalal Nuriddin, talks to us about Hustlers...
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Raekwon-one of the best lyrical assassins period!
As one of the most influential hip-hop acts of all time, Wu Tang Clan laid down vicious tracks courtesy of Rza and supreme vocal...
Jay Electronica Live at KOKO Sat 14th March 2015
Having not played a gig in London since 2010, we are exceptionally proud and excited to bring Jay Electronica – to KOKO on Saturday 14th...
Fresh Island Festival (Croatia) announce Joey Bada$$, Danny Brown, Tinashe, Skepta...
Fresh Island Festival see international stars, underground DJs and 6,000 revellers on board for the Hip-Hop event of the summer 15th - 17th July, 2015. Zrce Beach, Croatia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6j9AqChCb5o Having welcomed some...
New movies in cinemas 24th October @filmmadzed
SERENA1920'S America, George (Bradley Cooper) and Serene (Jennifer Lawrence) Pemberton, love-struck newly-weds, begin to build a timber empire. As the business starts to thrive...
Nas discusses everything from Biggie & Tupac beef, Dr Dre and...
Sunday 17th August at 9.30pm on MTV Music will see Relentless Ultra Presents MTV SOUNDCHAIN with NAS where he discusses everything from witnessing the...
MTV Soundchain review with Zane Lowe @zanelowe @MTVUK @relentlessdrink @mtvmusicuk
It's been a few years since Zane Lowe hosted his last MTV show and even though the BBC radio 1 DJ confesses "I had...
Iggy Azalea debut album "The New Classic" get release date of...
Monday 21st April brings the release of Iggy Azalea's highly anticipated debut album, 'The New Classic'. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBBA3LHzowUThe Australian rap siren has made her mark across the globe...
Wu Tang's U-God-"Key Note Speaker"
With that distinct New York tone, Golden Arms aka U God is fast talking, straight talking, rapid fire talking-U God delivers conversational speech like...
Extreme Sports and Music Fans Gear Up For NASS Festival
This weekend thousands of extreme sports and music fanatics will make their way to the Bath & West Show Ground for a festival offering...
On the cusp of something big?-Arlissa
She's young, beautiful and talented what more could you ask for? Well a lot more in truth because even that heady mix is not always...
Rapper Nas performs at Boujis ahead of his gig at The...
Superstar rapper Nas is in town for his much awaited O2 gig. The 'If I Rule the World' artist decided to get warmed up...
Nas Adds Extra Dates Alongside 2 Chainz And Iggy Azalea At...
It seems rapper Nas will have no problem filling seats for his upcoming shows at the O2 Arena considering he's just added two extra...
Future Flavours-Bringing it Fresh for January 2013!
Ok so welcome back people I hope you had a great ending of 2012 but facts are facts we are now back to the...
Nas Announces O2 Gig with Ticket Proceeds Going Towards the Amy...
After three sell-out London shows, multi-platinum recording artist Nas will be back in the UK on March 19, 2013 to take over London's O2 Arena with support in the...
UK female rapper Phreeda Sharp
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Weekend Round-up: Is Khloe Kardashian O.J Simpson's Daughter? And Are Nas...
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Club Bud presents TAO/Marquee
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Gyptian's chartopping single Hold You, Busy Signal's romantic tune Sweet Love (Night Shift), As We Enter from the Distant Relatives Damian 'Jr. Gong' Marley...
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text:
Jeremy Lin and Godly Basketball
Jeremy Lin is a sold-out disciple of Jesus. He also plays a fine game of Godly basketball.
"Linsanity" has taken the country by storm over the past several days as unheralded Jeremy Lin has gone from NBA benchwarmer to a bona-fide star. He has led his New York Knicks to a seven game winning streak and has done it in dramatic fashion, such as a 38 point showing against the Lakers and draining a last second shot against Toronto on Tuesday night. His story has been called a "Linderella" story.
Who is Jeremy Lin? He is a 23 year old Harvard grad who was not selected in the NBA draft. He initially played (sat the bench mostly) for the Golden State Warriors and most recently was given a tryout but cut by our own Rockets. The New York Knicks signed him on December 27 as a third string point guard because of injuries to their upper tier players.
But once Jeremy Lin got his opportunity, he seized it. Lin has more points in his first five NBA starts than anyone since the ABA-NBA merger and that includes stars like Michael Jordan and Shaquille O'Neal. His game is not freakishly athletic, but he plays smart, aggressively, skillfully, and with a team-first mindset.
Jeremy Lin has been called the Taiwanese Tebow in part because he is the NBA's first American-born player of Chinese or Taiwanese descent and also because of his strong Christian faith.
Lin grew up in California and was part of the Riverside Bible Fellowship, an Evangelical church near Palo Alto. Once his basketball career is over, Lin aims to become a pastor or some sort of ministry leader. He says, "I have a heart for inner city ministry and non-profit work. So I'm learning and praying about what exactly that means. I'm just trying to learn a lot and be sensitive to God so that I can expand his kingdom as much as possible."
Lin already uses his social media platforms to spread his faith. His Twitter account's description is, "to know Him is to want to know Him more." His Facebook page quotes Colossians 3:23 "Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for men."
Lin credits his parents with teaching him to play what he calls "godly basketball," which measures success by sportsmanship and not just stats. That means putting teammates first and showing respect to opponents and referees. After a recent game-winning shot, Lin said, "I'm thankful that my coaches and teammates trusted me with the ball."
In recent interviews, Lin has said, "I can't say exactly why God had me take the path I took, but I know that He has more than revealed His power and sovereignty to me throughout this incredible process."
For a Lin-sane glimpse, check this out:
2 responses to Jeremy Lin and Godly Basketball
Mike Calvert February 16, 2012 at 8:44 am
Great example of faith!
Ronnie February 16, 2012 at 8:51 am
Hey Mike! You're a great example of faith yourself and an incredible force for good on so many fronts. Congratulations on your ACU Alumnus of the Year Award. Very well deserved!


text:
Q: Catch recalculated styles after orientation of device changed I am working on mobile device app written in JavaScript. I am wondering if there is an option to get new value of element's width when orientation was changed. I know that I can use             $(window).on("orientationchange",function(){}); to catch moment when orientation is changing, but css values are not recalculated here. I also try to use attrchange plugin, but orientation changes do not causes attrchange event.
Does someone overcome this issue?

A: If the problem is css value use media query:
/* portrait */
@media screen and (orientation:portrait) {
    /* portrait-specific styles */
}
/* landscape */
@media screen and (orientation:landscape) {
    /* landscape-specific styles */
}


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TERMINATE_ON_JSON_PROCESSING_EXCEPTIONS - Static variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.GenericCRDTManager

Flag to determine whether to terminate when Jackson could not reconstitute a Java object from a JSON document.

test() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData.Clone

Perform the clone test with the predefined collection of settings and assess the results

test() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData.Create

Test the ability to create a new concrete object derived from AbstractDataType

test() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData.Encoding

Perform the actual test the specified number of times, whereby each test compares an object created and its clone
 as JSON objects using JsonDiff.

test() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData.Update

This performs the actual create and update test given a count and update probability.

test() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestOperator.Operator

Test the ability to create a new concrete object derived from AbstractDataType

test() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestSimulation.Simulation

Run the simulation with the parameters specified in this instance and assess the outcome of the run

testClone() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData

The main unit test routine used to perform the actual test execution

TestCrdt - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

This contains a class used for performing unit tests designed to create a number of
 AbstractDataType instances using the factory.

TestCrdt() - Constructor for class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt

TestCrdt.Generic - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

TestCrdt.Json - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

testCreate() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData

The main unit test routine used to perform the actual test execution

testCreate() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestSimulation

This test will perform a qualitative assessment of the ability to perform create
 operations on a CRDT and have those operations propagate across all the nodes in
 the simulated distributed environment.

testCreateData() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt.Generic

Test the ability of the JsonManager to correctly encode the operations and generate the resulting object.

TestData - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

This contains a class used for performing unit tests designed to create a number of
 AbstractDataType instances using the factory.

TestData() - Constructor for class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData

TestData.Clone - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

TestData.Create - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

TestData.Encoding - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

This contains a class used for performing unit tests designed to create an element and a copy and then assess the
 performance and ability of object and its clone to be compared using JsonDiff.

TestData.Update - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

testDelete() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestSimulation

This test will perform a qualitative assessment of the ability to perform create, read, update and delete
 operations on a CRDT and have those operations propagate across all the nodes in
 the simulated distributed environment.

testEncoding() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData

testGenericOperations() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt

The main unit test routine used to perform the actual test execution

testGenericTransformations() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt

The unit test for transforming the CRDT into an alternate form and transforming it back to its original form.

testJsonCrdt() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt.Json

Test the ability of the JsonManager to correctly encode the operations and generate the resulting object.

testJsonOperations() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt

The main unit test routine used to perform the actual test execution

testJsonRecall() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt

Test the ability of the CRDT to recall the different states of the object for its saved states.

testJsonTransformations() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt

The unit tester for transforming the CRDT into an alternate form and transforming it back to its original form

testOperator() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestOperator

The main unit test routine used to perform the actual test execution

TestOperator - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

This contains a class used for performing unit tests designed to create a number of
 AbstractDataType instances using the factory.

TestOperator() - Constructor for class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestOperator

TestOperator.Operator - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

testRead() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestSimulation

This test will perform a qualitative assessment of the ability to perform create and read
 operations on a CRDT and have those operations propagate across all the nodes in
 the simulated distributed environment.

testRecall() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt.Json

Test the recall ability a JSON CRDT to ensure the CRDT can reconstruct a JSON object it manages

TestSimulation - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

This test module will assess the behavior of the CRDT through the use of a simulated distributed
 node controller and update delivery framework.

TestSimulation() - Constructor for class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestSimulation

TestSimulation.Simulation - Class in com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest

testStress() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestSimulation

This test will perform a behavioral and stability assessment of the ability to perform create, read and update
 operations on a CRDT and have those operations propagate across all the nodes in
 the simulated distributed environment.

testTransformation() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt.Generic

Test the ability of the CRDT to have an alternate representation and then to check the ability to reformat it as
 into its original form and then function correctly.

testTransformation() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestCrdt.Json

Test the ability of the CRDT to have an alternate representation and then to check the ability to reformat it as
 into its original form and then function correctly.

testUpdate() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestData

The main unit test routine used to perform the actual test execution

testUpdate() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestSimulation

This test will perform a qualitative assessment of the ability to perform create, read and update
 operations on a CRDT and have those operations propagate across all the nodes in
 the simulated distributed environment.

timestamp - Variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.LastWriteWins.TrialResult

Latest operation timestamp to include among the applicable operations

timestamp - Variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.operation.Operation

The time stamp associated with the operation

timestamp - Variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.sample.simulation.MessageRouter

Timestamp of the most recent message delivery, or the current message being delivered and processed.

TIMESTAMP - Static variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.operation.Operation

toJson() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.sample.data.AbstractDataType

Converts this object to it equivalent JSON representation

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.AbstractCRDT

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.CRDTManager

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.LastWriteWins.TrialResult

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.operation.Operation

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.operation.OperationManager

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.sample.data.AbstractDataType

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.sample.simulation.AbstractNode

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.sample.simulation.Executive

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.sample.simulation.Message

toString() - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.sample.simulation.MessageRouter

transmit(Collection<Message<? extends AbstractDataType>>) - Method in class com.cyberfront.crdt.sample.simulation.Executive

Queue up the messages in the collection for delivery to the intended recipient node

trial - Variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.LastWriteWins

Trial contains the state of the object being managed at a particular point in time.

TRIAL_COUNT - Static variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.AssessmentSupport

Constant defining the number of AbstractDataType elements to create in the unit test

trialCount - Variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.AssessmentSupport

Number of trials to conduct in the unit test

TrialResult(LastWriteWins) - Constructor for class com.cyberfront.crdt.LastWriteWins.TrialResult

Instantiates a new trial result given a CRDT to process; the operations list is copied from
 the CRDT instance to be processed and used to generate the resulting JSON object.

TrialResult(LastWriteWins, long) - Constructor for class com.cyberfront.crdt.LastWriteWins.TrialResult

Instantiates a new trial result given a CRDT to process; the operations list is copied from
 the CRDT instance to be processed and used to generate the resulting JSON object.

type - Variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.operation.Operation

Type of operation this instance represents

TYPE - Static variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.operation.Operation

TYPE - Static variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.AssessmentSupport

Constant string for the type of operation

TYPE_VALUES - Static variable in class com.cyberfront.crdt.unittest.TestOperator.Operator

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