text:
"We need animal products to be healthy."
< BACK | All Objections | By Greg Fuller | Updated August 24, 2018 | Share:
Prominent health organizations embrace a vegan diet.
Dietetic associations endorse a vegan diet.
The US government says a vegan diet is healthy.
There are no nutrients that must come from animals.
Related objections are weak.
The question of whether any nutrients necessary for good health can only be obtained from the animal kingdom is an important one. Here's why: One of the main ideas of veganism is that it's wrong to cause unnecessary harm to animals. If a certain nutrient necessary for good health could only be sourced from animals, some suffering might be deemed necessary, depending on the nature of the nutrient.
For veganism to be valid, it is not necessary to show that a vegan diet is beneficial, only that it's adequate for good health. Showing that a vegan diet has benefits does lend credence to the viability of a vegan diet, however, so we do a bit of that here.
Even if a future discovery, however unlikely, finds there is an animal product we need to be healthy, veganism would still be relevant because we would still be ethically obliged to consume only the animal product needed — and only in the smallest amount needed and in the least harmful manner.
Harvard Medical School1"Becoming a Vegetarian." Harvard Health Publications Harvard Medical School, March 18, 2016. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/becoming-a-vegetarian , Mayo Clinic2"Vegetarian Diet: How to Get the Best Nutrition." Mayo Clinic. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446 , Cleveland Clinic3"Understanding Vegetarianism & Heart Health." Cleveland Clinic, December 2013. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/understanding-vegetarianism-heart-health , Kaiser Permanente4Phillip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Benjamin P Ha, MD, and Carole Bartolotto, MD, RD. "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets." The Permanente Journal – The Permanente Press – Kaiser Permanente – Permanente Medical Groups, 2013. http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/spring/5117-nutrition.html , and NewYork-Presbyterian5Ask A Nutritionist: Plant-Based Diets." NewYork-Presbyterian, March 30, 2017. https://healthmatters.nyp.org/plant-based-diet/ all say that a 100 percent plant-based diet is healthy.
These organizations also acknowledge the ability of a plant-based diet to fight health issues such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and high cholesterol.6"Becoming a Vegetarian." Harvard Health Publications Harvard Medical School, March 18, 2016. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/becoming-a-vegetarian 7"Vegetarian Diet: How to Get the Best Nutrition." Mayo Clinic. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446 8"Understanding Vegetarianism & Heart Health." Cleveland Clinic, December 2013. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/understanding-vegetarianism-heart-health 9Phillip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Benjamin P Ha, MD, and Carole Bartolotto, MD, RD. "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets." The Permanente Journal – The Permanente Press – Kaiser Permanente – Permanente Medical Groups, 2013. http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/spring/5117-nutrition.html 10Ask A Nutritionist: Plant-Based Diets." NewYork-Presbyterian, March 30, 2017. https://healthmatters.nyp.org/plant-based-diet/
Kaiser Permanente even advises their doctors to recommend a plant-based diet to their patients, especially those with high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or obesity.11Phillip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Benjamin P Ha, MD, and Carole Bartolotto, MD, RD. "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets." The Permanente Journal – The Permanente Press – Kaiser Permanente – Permanente Medical Groups, 2013. http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/spring/5117-nutrition.html
Here are a few representative quotes from these organizations:
"Nowadays, plant-based eating is recognized as not only nutritionally sufficient but also as a way to reduce the risk for many chronic illnesses." — Harvard Medical School12"Becoming a Vegetarian." Harvard Health Publications Harvard Medical School, March 18, 2016. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/becoming-a-vegetarian
"Healthy eating may be best achieved with a plant-based diet, which we define as a regimen that encourages whole, plant-based foods and discourages meats, dairy products, and eggs as well as all refined and processed foods." — Kaiser Permanente13Phillip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Benjamin P Ha, MD, and Carole Bartolotto, MD, RD. "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets." The Permanente Journal – The Permanente Press – Kaiser Permanente – Permanente Medical Groups, 2013. http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/spring/5117-nutrition.html
"There really are no disadvantages to a herbivorous diet! A plant-based diet has many health benefits, including lowering the risk for heart disease, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer. It can also help lower cholesterol and blood pressure levels, plus maintain weight and bone health." — Cleveland Clinic14"Understanding Vegetarianism & Heart Health." Cleveland Clinic, December 2013. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/understanding-vegetarianism-heart-health
"Plant-based diets are believed to be an effective means of treating chronic disease, including diabetes. They also combat obesity and lower blood pressure and the risk for cardiovascular disease." — NewYork-Presbyterian15Ask A Nutritionist: Plant-Based Diets." NewYork-Presbyterian, March 30, 2017. https://healthmatters.nyp.org/plant-based-diet/
The endorsement of totally vegan diets by dietetic associations is authoritative because human nutrition is their primary concern and the focus of their research.
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (operating in the United States)16"Vegetarian Diets." Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. December 2016. http://www.eatrightpro.org/resource/practice/position-and-practice-papers/position-papers/vegetarian-diets , the Dietitians of Canada17"Healthy Eating Guidelines for Vegans." Dietitians of Canada, November 2017. https://www.dietitians.ca/Downloads/Factsheets/Guidlines-for-Vegans.aspx , the British Dietetic Association18"British Dietetic Association." The Vegan Society. Accessed August 3, 2017. https://www.vegansociety.com/society/whos-involved/partners/british-dietetic-association , and the Dietitians Association of Australia19"Vegan Diets: Everything You Need to Know – Dietitians Association of Australia." Dietitians Association of Australia. Accessed August 3, 2017. https://daa.asn.au/smart-eating-for-you/smart-eating-fast-facts/healthy-eating/vegan-diets-facts-tips-and-considerations/ have all made pronouncements on the viability of a vegan diet.
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics issued a formal position statement that a vegan diet is fine "for all stages of life, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, older adulthood, and for athletes."20"Vegetarian Diets." Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. December 2016. http://www.eatrightpro.org/resource/practice/position-and-practice-papers/position-papers/vegetarian-diets
In its dietary guidelines for 2015–2020, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) acknowledged that a vegan diet is a healthy eating pattern.21"USDA Food Patterns: Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern." Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Eighth Edition. Accessed August 4, 2017. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/appendix-5/ This is particularly telling since the USDA is a strong supporter of animal agriculture.22"Agriculture and Health Policies in Conflict: How Subsidies Tax Our Health: Government Support for Unhealthful Foods." Text. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, April 13, 2011. http://www.pcrm.org/health/reports/agriculture-and-health-policies-unhealthful-foods
Even though certain vested interests have insinuated that certain nutrients must come from the animal kingdom, there is no convincing evidence to support this. If such evidence existed, the prestigious organizations mentioned could not have endorsed and praised a vegan diet. It is impossible to name even one required nutrient that must come from animals.
Whenever the subject of vegan nutrition is discussed, it's almost certain that related objections will be presented, bringing forth various fallacies and myths about certain aspects of a vegan diet. None of these objections can withstand scientific scrutiny.
The comprehensive edition of Brenda Davis's book Becoming Vegan provides the most exhaustive treatment of vegan nutrition — and in the process provides answers to these objections, fallacies, and myths.23Davis, Brenda, and Vesanto Melina. Becoming Vegan The Complete Reference to Plant-Based Nutrition. Com edition. Summertown, Tennessee: Book Pub Co, 2014.
We provide summarized responses to these frequently presented nutrition-related objections, drawing on the expertise of Brenda Davis and others in the Objections Section of this website.
Why This Topic Is Important
The question of whether any nutrients necessary for good health can only be obtained from the animal kingdom is an important one.
Here's why: One of the main ideas of veganism is that it's wrong to cause unnecessary harm to animals. If a certain nutrient necessary for good health could only be sourced from animals, some suffering might be deemed necessary, depending on the nature of the nutrient.
The health benefits of a whole-food, plant-based diet should not be exaggerated.
Vegans are not altogether free of health problems. But the evidence is strong that the plant-based eating pattern promotes good health and lowers your risk for many ailments.
What if it is discovered that we need animal products to be healthy?
Veganism would still be relevant because we would be ethically obliged to consume only those animal products needed — and only in the smallest amounts needed and in the least harmful manner. Some vegans would choose to suffer the health consequences.
Quote: "Nowadays, plant-based eating is recognized as not only nutritionally sufficient but also as a way to reduce the risk for many chronic illnesses."24"Becoming a Vegetarian." Harvard Health Publications Harvard Medical School, March 18, 2016. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/becoming-a-vegetarian
HMS has a faculty of over eleven thousand 25Facts and Figures | HMS." Harvard Medical School, 2017. https://hms.harvard.edu/about-hms/facts-figures and are consistently ranked the number one research medical school in the United States.26"Best Medical Schools (Research) Ranked in 2017 | US News Rankings." US News Education. Accessed August 1, 2017. https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/research-rankings
Quote: "A well-planned vegetarian diet [defined to include a vegan diet] is a healthy way to meet your nutritional needs."27"Vegetarian Diet: How to Get the Best Nutrition." Mayo Clinic. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446
Mayo Clinic is the "largest integrated, not-for-profit medical group practice in the world"28"Mayo Clinic Facts and Highlights – MC2045 – Doc-20078949." Accessed August 1, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/documents/mc2045-pdf/doc-20078949 with over four thousand five hundred physicians and scientists.29About Us – Mayo Clinic Facts." Mayo Clinic. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/about-mayo-clinic/facts-statistics
Quote: "There really are no disadvantages to a herbivorous diet! A plant-based diet has many health benefits, including lowering the risk for heart disease, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer. It can also help lower cholesterol and blood pressure levels, plus maintain weight and bone health."30"Understanding Vegetarianism & Heart Health." Cleveland Clinic, December 2013. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/understanding-vegetarianism-heart-health
Cleveland Clinic is a highly regarded medical system with one thousand seven hundred staff physicians representing one hundred twenty medical specialties, and it helps patients from all over the world.31Stoller, James K. "The Cleveland Clinic: A Distinctive Model of American Medicine." Annals of Translational Medicine 2, no. 4 (2014). doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2013.12.02. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4200609/
Quote: "Healthy eating may be best achieved with a plant-based diet, which we define as a regimen that encourages whole, plant-based foods and discourages meats, dairy products, and eggs as well as all refined and processed foods."
Quote: "Physicians should consider recommending a plant-based diet to all their patients, especially those with high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or obesity. Research shows that plant-based diets are cost-effective, low-risk interventions that may lower body mass index, blood pressure, HbA1C, and cholesterol levels. They may also reduce the number of medications needed to treat chronic diseases and lower ischemic heart disease mortality rates."
Source32Phillip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Benjamin P Ha, MD, and Carole Bartolotto, MD, RD. "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets." The Permanente Journal – The Permanente Press – Kaiser Permanente – Permanente Medical Groups, 2013. http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/spring/5117-nutrition.html
Kaiser Permanente is one the United States' largest nonprofit health plans, with over eleven million members.33"Fast Facts About Kaiser Permanente." Kaiser Permanente Share, 2017. https://share.kaiserpermanente.org/article/fast-facts-about-kaiser-permanente/
NewYork-Presbyterian (health-care delivery system)
Quote: "Plant-based diets are believed to be an effective means of treating chronic disease, including diabetes. They also combat obesity and lower blood pressure and the risk for cardiovascular disease."
The author of the article quoted above, although not named in the article, states that he or she is a vegan and defines a plant-based diet as "a diet that's completely free of animal products and byproducts — no meat, seafood, poultry, dairy, or eggs."
Source34Ask A Nutritionist: Plant-Based Diets." NewYork-Presbyterian, March 30, 2017. https://healthmatters.nyp.org/plant-based-diet/
Nutrition-focused dietetic associations endorse a vegan diet.
The endorsement of totally vegan diets by dietetic associations is more authoritative because human nutrition is their primary concern and the focus of their research and training.
This is in contrast with medical doctors, who typically receive little training in nutrition.
"Most US medical schools (86/121, 71%) fail to provide the recommended minimum 25 hours of nutrition education; 43 (36%) provide less than half that much."35Adams, Kelly M., W. Scott Butsch, and Martin Kohlmeier. "The State of Nutrition Education at US Medical Schools." Research article. Journal of Biomedical Education, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/357627
In one study, doctors averaged receiving a failing grade on a test on nutrition.36Castillo, Marigold, Ronald Feinstein, James Tsang, and Martin Fisher. "Basic Nutrition Knowledge of Recent Medical Graduates Entering a Pediatric Residency Program." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 357–61. doi:10.1515/ijamh-2015-0019
U.S. News provides a good overview of medical doctors' training in nutrition.37Stacey Colino. "How Much Do Doctors Learn About Nutrition?" US News & World Report, December 7, 2016. http://health.usnews.com/wellness/food/articles/2016-12-07/how-much-do-doctors-learn-about-nutrition
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND)
Formal position statement:
Quote: "It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that appropriately planned vegetarian, including vegan, diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate and may provide health benefits for the prevention and treatment of certain diseases."
Quote: "These diets are appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, older adulthood and for athletes."
Quote: "Plant-based diets are more environmentally sustainable than diets rich in animal products because they use fewer natural resources and are associated with much less environmental damage."
Quote: "Vegetarians and vegans are at reduced risk of certain health conditions, including ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, certain types of cancer, and obesity."
Source38"Vegetarian Diets." Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. December 2016. http://www.eatrightpro.org/resource/practice/position-and-practice-papers/position-papers/vegetarian-diets
Formerly known as the American Dietetic Association (ADA), the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the "world's largest organization of food and nutrition professionals" with "over 100,000 credentialed practitioners."39"About Us." Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.eatrightpro.org/resources/about-us
Dietitians of Canada (DC)
Quote: "A healthy vegan diet has many health benefits including lower rates of obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer."40"Healthy Eating Guidelines for Vegans." Dietitians of Canada, November 2017. https://www.dietitians.ca/Downloads/Factsheets/Guidlines-for-Vegans.aspx
The British Dietetic Association (BDA)
Quote: "Well planned vegetarian diets [defined to include a vegan diet] can be nutritious and healthy. They are associated with lower risks of heart disease, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, certain cancers and lower cholesterol levels."41"Vegetarian Diets." British Dietetic Association, March 2016. https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/vegetarianfoodfacts.pdf
The BDA and the Vegan Society formed an alliance to "work together to show that it is possible to follow a well-planned, plant-based, vegan-friendly diet that supports healthy living in people of all ages, and during pregnancy and breastfeeding."42"British Dietetic Association." The Vegan Society. Accessed August 3, 2017. https://www.vegansociety.com/society/whos-involved/partners/british-dietetic-association
Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA)
Quote: "With good planning, those following a vegan diet can cover all their nutrient bases, but there are some extra things to consider."43"Vegan Diets: Everything You Need to Know – Dietitians Association of Australia." Dietitians Association of Australia. Accessed August 3, 2017. https://daa.asn.au/smart-eating-for-you/smart-eating-fast-facts/healthy-eating/vegan-diets-facts-tips-and-considerations/
In its dietary guidelines for 2015–2020, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) acknowledged that a vegan diet is a healthy eating pattern.44"USDA Food Patterns: Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern." Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Eighth Edition. Accessed August 4, 2017. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/appendix-5/
This is particularly telling since the USDA is a strong supporter of animal agriculture:
Of the $246 billion in subsidies to agriculture between 1995 and 2009, 63% supported crops directly grown for livestock feed while only 20% supported grains for human consumption.
Fresh fruits and vegetables — called "specialty crops" by the USDA — do not receive subsidies.
Subsidies for dairy producers amounted to $4.8 billion from 1995 through 2009.
The USDA provided $3.5 billion between 1995 and 2009 for the Livestock Compensation Program, livestock feed assistance, and livestock emergency assistance.
In 2009, the USDA spent $793 million for beef, pork, poultry, eggs, and fish.
In 2009, the USDA spent more than $623 million to buy dairy products — mostly cheese.
The USDA administers programs to help producers market their products, such as the Got Milk? campaign.
Source45"Agriculture and Health Policies in Conflict: How Subsidies Tax Our Health: Government Support for Unhealthful Foods." Text. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, April 13, 2011. http://www.pcrm.org/health/reports/agriculture-and-health-policies-unhealthful-foods
In its dietary guidelines, the USDA reinforced the idea that nutrition and health are closely related.46"Nutrition and Health Are Closely Related." Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Eighth Edition. Accessed August 4, 2017. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/introduction/nutrition-and-health-are-closely-related/
Dr. Neal Barnard, founding president of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), noted that "even with its flaws, the new Dietary Guidelines report is a major advance."47D. Neal Barnard. "New Dietary Guidelines: The Good, the Bad, and the Downright Confusing." The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, February 19, 2015. http://www.pcrm.org/nbBlog/index.php/new-dietary-guidelines-the-good-the-bad-and-the-downright-confusing
It is impossible to name even one required nutrient that must come from animals.
Even though certain vested interests have insinuated that certain nutrients must come from the animal kingdom, there is no convincing evidence to support this. If such evidence existed, the prestigious organizations mentioned herein would not have endorsed and praised a vegan diet.
The comprehensive edition of Brenda Davis's book Becoming Vegan48Davis, Brenda, and Vesanto Melina. Becoming Vegan: The Complete Reference to Plant-Based Nutrition. Com edition. Summertown, Tennessee: Book Pub Co, 2014 provides the most exhaustive treatment of vegan nutrition — and in the process provides answers to these objections, fallacies, and myths.
We provide summarized responses to the most frequently presented health-related objections, drawing on the expertise of Brenda Davis and others in the Objections Section of this website.
The purpose of this article is to demonstrate conclusively that animal products are not necessary for good health and to show how this ties in to the argument for veganism.
Greg Fuller — Author
Isaac Nickerson — Copy Editor
Jan Garret — Research
2017-09-06 Outline only written with research pending
2017-09-11 Copy editor's first pass — isn
2017-09-15 Outline revised, article and clipboard text written
2017-09-18 Copy editor's second pass — isn
2017-10-24 Added a citation in the Article Tab and points in the Outline Tab to support the statement that the USDA is a friend of animal agriculture. — glf
2017-11-27 Made minor edits. — isn
—In response to: "WE NEED ANIMAL PRODUCTS TO BE HEALTHY."— Following is the plain text version of the article at justiceforanimals.org/objections/quote-we-need-animal-products-to-be-healthy/, organized into talking points. See the on-site article for citations. The question of whether any nutrients necessary for good health can only be obtained from the animal kingdom is an important one. Here's why: One of the main ideas of veganism is that it's wrong to cause unnecessary harm to animals. If a certain nutrient necessary for good health could only be sourced from animals, some suffering might be deemed necessary, depending on the nature of the nutrient. For veganism to be valid, it is not necessary to show that a vegan diet is beneficial, only that it's adequate for good health. Showing that a vegan diet has benefits does lend credence to the viability of a vegan diet, however, so we do a bit of that here. Even if a future discovery, however unlikely, finds there is an animal product we need to be healthy, veganism would still be relevant because we would still be ethically obliged to consume only the animal product needed — and only in the smallest amount needed and in the least harmful manner. PROMINENT HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS EMBRACE A VEGAN DIET Harvard Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Kaiser Permanente, and NewYork-Presbyterian all say that a one-hundred percent plant-based diet is healthy. These organizations also acknowledge the ability of a plant-based diet to fight health issues such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and high cholesterol. Kaiser Permanente even advises its doctors to recommend a plant-based diet to their patients, especially those with high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or obesity. Here are a few representative quotations from these organizations: "Nowadays, plant-based eating is recognized as not only nutritionally sufficient but also as a way to reduce the risk for many chronic illnesses." — Harvard Medical School "Healthy eating may be best achieved with a plant-based diet, which we define as a regimen that encourages whole, plant-based foods and discourages meats, dairy products, and eggs as well as all refined and processed foods." — Kaiser Permanente "There really are no disadvantages to a herbivorous diet! A plant-based diet has many health benefits, including lowering the risk for heart disease, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, and cancer. It can also help lower cholesterol and blood pressure levels, plus maintain weight and bone health." — Cleveland Clinic "Plant-based diets are believed to be an effective means of treating chronic disease, including diabetes. They also combat obesity and lower blood pressure and the risk for cardiovascular disease." — NewYork-Presbyterian DIETETIC ASSOCIATIONS ENDORSE A VEGAN DIET The endorsement of totally vegan diets by dietetic associations is authoritative because human nutrition is their primary concern and the focus of their research. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (operating in the United States), the Dietitians of Canada, the British Dietetic Association, and the Dietitians Association of Australia have all made pronouncements on the viability of a vegan diet. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics issued a formal position statement that a vegan diet is fine "for all stages of life, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, older adulthood, and for athletes." THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT SAYS A VEGAN DIET IS HEALTHY In its dietary guidelines for 2015–2020, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) acknowledged that a vegan diet is a healthy eating pattern. This is particularly telling since the USDA is a strong supporter of animal agriculture. THERE ARE NO NUTRIENTS THAT MUST COME FROM ANIMALS Even though certain vested interests have insinuated that certain nutrients must come from the animal kingdom, there is no convincing evidence to support this. If such evidence existed, the prestigious organizations mentioned could not have endorsed and praised a vegan diet. It is impossible to name even one required nutrient that must come from animals. RELATED OBJECTIONS ARE WEAK Whenever the subject of vegan nutrition is discussed, it's almost certain that related objections will be presented, bringing forth various fallacies and myths about certain aspects of a vegan diet. None of these objections can withstand scientific scrutiny. The comprehensive edition of Brenda Davis's book Becoming Vegan provides the most exhaustive treatment of vegan nutrition and in the process provides answers to these objections, fallacies, and myths.
1. ↩ "Becoming a Vegetarian." Harvard Health Publications Harvard Medical School, March 18, 2016. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/becoming-a-vegetarian
2. ↩ "Vegetarian Diet: How to Get the Best Nutrition." Mayo Clinic. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446
3. ↩ "Understanding Vegetarianism & Heart Health." Cleveland Clinic, December 2013. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/understanding-vegetarianism-heart-health
4. ↩ Phillip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Benjamin P Ha, MD, and Carole Bartolotto, MD, RD. "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets." The Permanente Journal – The Permanente Press – Kaiser Permanente – Permanente Medical Groups, 2013. http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/spring/5117-nutrition.html
5. ↩ Ask A Nutritionist: Plant-Based Diets." NewYork-Presbyterian, March 30, 2017. https://healthmatters.nyp.org/plant-based-diet/
10. ↩ Ask A Nutritionist: Plant-Based Diets." NewYork-Presbyterian, March 30, 2017. https://healthmatters.nyp.org/plant-based-diet/
11. ↩ Phillip J Tuso, MD, Mohamed H Ismail, MD, Benjamin P Ha, MD, and Carole Bartolotto, MD, RD. "Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets." The Permanente Journal – The Permanente Press – Kaiser Permanente – Permanente Medical Groups, 2013. http://www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/spring/5117-nutrition.html
12. ↩ "Becoming a Vegetarian." Harvard Health Publications Harvard Medical School, March 18, 2016. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/becoming-a-vegetarian
14. ↩ "Understanding Vegetarianism & Heart Health." Cleveland Clinic, December 2013. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/understanding-vegetarianism-heart-health
16. ↩ "Vegetarian Diets." Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. December 2016. http://www.eatrightpro.org/resource/practice/position-and-practice-papers/position-papers/vegetarian-diets
17. ↩ "Healthy Eating Guidelines for Vegans." Dietitians of Canada, November 2017. https://www.dietitians.ca/Downloads/Factsheets/Guidlines-for-Vegans.aspx
18. ↩ "British Dietetic Association." The Vegan Society. Accessed August 3, 2017. https://www.vegansociety.com/society/whos-involved/partners/british-dietetic-association
19. ↩ "Vegan Diets: Everything You Need to Know – Dietitians Association of Australia." Dietitians Association of Australia. Accessed August 3, 2017. https://daa.asn.au/smart-eating-for-you/smart-eating-fast-facts/healthy-eating/vegan-diets-facts-tips-and-considerations/
21. ↩ "USDA Food Patterns: Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern." Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Eighth Edition. Accessed August 4, 2017. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/appendix-5/
22. ↩ "Agriculture and Health Policies in Conflict: How Subsidies Tax Our Health: Government Support for Unhealthful Foods." Text. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, April 13, 2011. http://www.pcrm.org/health/reports/agriculture-and-health-policies-unhealthful-foods
23. ↩ Davis, Brenda, and Vesanto Melina. Becoming Vegan The Complete Reference to Plant-Based Nutrition. Com edition. Summertown, Tennessee: Book Pub Co, 2014.
25. ↩ Facts and Figures | HMS." Harvard Medical School, 2017. https://hms.harvard.edu/about-hms/facts-figures
26. ↩ "Best Medical Schools (Research) Ranked in 2017 | US News Rankings." US News Education. Accessed August 1, 2017. https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/research-rankings
27. ↩ "Vegetarian Diet: How to Get the Best Nutrition." Mayo Clinic. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446
28. ↩ "Mayo Clinic Facts and Highlights – MC2045 – Doc-20078949." Accessed August 1, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/documents/mc2045-pdf/doc-20078949
29. ↩ About Us – Mayo Clinic Facts." Mayo Clinic. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.mayoclinic.org/about-mayo-clinic/facts-statistics
31. ↩ Stoller, James K. "The Cleveland Clinic: A Distinctive Model of American Medicine." Annals of Translational Medicine 2, no. 4 (2014). doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2013.12.02. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4200609/
33. ↩ "Fast Facts About Kaiser Permanente." Kaiser Permanente Share, 2017. https://share.kaiserpermanente.org/article/fast-facts-about-kaiser-permanente/
35. ↩ Adams, Kelly M., W. Scott Butsch, and Martin Kohlmeier. "The State of Nutrition Education at US Medical Schools." Research article. Journal of Biomedical Education, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/357627
36. ↩ Castillo, Marigold, Ronald Feinstein, James Tsang, and Martin Fisher. "Basic Nutrition Knowledge of Recent Medical Graduates Entering a Pediatric Residency Program." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 357–61. doi:10.1515/ijamh-2015-0019
37. ↩ Stacey Colino. "How Much Do Doctors Learn About Nutrition?" US News & World Report, December 7, 2016. http://health.usnews.com/wellness/food/articles/2016-12-07/how-much-do-doctors-learn-about-nutrition
39. ↩ "About Us." Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Accessed August 2, 2017. http://www.eatrightpro.org/resources/about-us
41. ↩ "Vegetarian Diets." British Dietetic Association, March 2016. https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/vegetarianfoodfacts.pdf
46. ↩ "Nutrition and Health Are Closely Related." Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Eighth Edition. Accessed August 4, 2017. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/introduction/nutrition-and-health-are-closely-related/
47. ↩ D. Neal Barnard. "New Dietary Guidelines: The Good, the Bad, and the Downright Confusing." The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, February 19, 2015. http://www.pcrm.org/nbBlog/index.php/new-dietary-guidelines-the-good-the-bad-and-the-downright-confusing
48. ↩ Davis, Brenda, and Vesanto Melina. Becoming Vegan: The Complete Reference to Plant-Based Nutrition. Com edition. Summertown, Tennessee: Book Pub Co, 2014
Posted in Health Objections, Objections


text:
News Roundup: Shooting Down Rumors, Backstage Changes and the Interview That's Got Everyone Buzzing
Matt Purvis
Howard Wise/JPI (3); Jill Johnson/JPI
Plus, spoilers for the end of the summer.
Stay in tune with everything that's been happening in the world of daytime with highlights of all the latest news for The Bold and the Beautiful, Days of Our Lives, General Hospital, and The Young and the Restless in one convenient place.
Kimberlin Brown (Sheila) offered Bold & Beautiful fans a glimpse behind the scenes as she got a tutorial in how to apply body makeup. And who better to use as a human easel than the gorgeous Lawrence Saint-Victor (Carter)? Check out the full video, but remember kids, these are professionals… don't try this at home!
With so many people wandering around Los Angeles threatening her life, we can't help but suspect Sheila's time could be running out. And just in case she should wind up sporting a fashionable toe tag, we have rounded up the usual suspects!
John McCook (Eric) will be appearing with a very special co-star in his latest movie. The actor and his daughter Molly McCook will be sharing the screen in the holiday treat Candy Coated Christmas. Get the details on who they will be playing.
Viewers were taken aback when Steffy let a few words slip that could changed her marriage permanently. Find out what she said and why it matters.
B&B and Y&R alum Adrienne Frantz (Amber) shared that very special moment when her son took his first steps on his own. Don't miss the reaction that followed.
In this week's Bold & Beautiful column, Richard suggests a pretty shocking storyline could be in the works for Eric, Quinn and Carter. Plus, he attempts to defend Finn's actions and questions a conversation that he found to be wildly inappropriate… and it's not the one you're thinking of.
Days of Our Lives and its news spinoff Beyond Salem have added another writer to their ranks and it's someone who should be familiar to soap fans. Read our take on why taking Jamey Giddens on board is good news.
On National Dog Day, Chrishell Stause (ex-Jordan) stepped up to explain why it's her mission to help her four-legged friends.
In her latest interview, Linsey Godfrey (ex-Sarah) opens up about some of the dark days she went through… and how she came out the other side. Read her story in her own words.
Lori is looking forward to more conflict within the DiMera family now that they may be going into the movie business, loves Gwen and Xander together but thinks he needs to acknowledge what he's lost, and isn't sure who to root for where Chloe's love life is concerned in the Days of Our Lives column.
When Kimberly McCullough (ex-Robin) sat down with Maurice Benard for the latest edition of his State of Mind blog, the two had an honest conversation about everything from teleprompters to the wild — and often inappropriate — behavior which took place behind the scenes.
On the anniversary of an unforgettable Jason/Elizabeth moment, we take a deep dive into the past that keeps some hoping they will reunite.
Words can hardly capture the cuteness of the first photo Sofia Mattsson (Sasha) shared of her baby boy. Prepare yourself to take a peek at her newborn.
The facility where Drew has been held hostage has already brought us one familiar face and we're pretty confident we know who he's heard screaming. Read our guess at who else is being held hostage.
Peter returning from the dead was certainly more of a surprise for the people on the soap than the viewers in the audience. The real question remains who will kill him in Nixon Falls?
Dustin can't help thinking Peter probably should have remained dead, but suspects this turn might help bring the Nixon Falls saga to an end. Meanwhile, this week's column ponders why Drew's being held hostage, what's up with Esme and whether Willow might be headed down a dark path.
In an exclusive interview with Soaps, Cait Fairbanks delves into Tessa's messy feelings about Mariah's pregnancy, explains how she'd react if the same situation unfolded in real life and shares the secrets behind her very cool music video.
Camryn Grimes (Mariah) managed to shock people by trading in her trademark red hair for blonde. Check out this video to see her new look.
When Eric Braeden (Victor) recently cracked a joke about retiring, it left people trying to picture Genoa City without Victor Newman in it. Don't miss the joke that started it all.
Bryton James (Devon) sent a heartfelt birthday message to one former co-star. Discover who he would trust with his life.
Candace though the kidnapping story ended in a way that was equal parts predictable and hilarious. Meanwhile, she speculates as to how Ashland's relationship with an older woman from the past could impact Victoria's plans to marry the guy.
Find reasons to tune in this week with all the latest spoilers and speculation for what's ahead on your favorite soap.
Steffy feels betrayed by Finn's loyalty to his mother, and Sheila puts Jack in his place in the Bold and Beautiful weekly spoiler video.
While Salemites prepare for their final vacations before the summer ends, Ciara has some unanticipated news for Ben in the Days of Our Lives weekly spoiler video.
When Sally attends the launch party with Adam, the claws come out when she and Phyllis face off, leaving Jack and Victor to break up a water fight in the latest Young and the Restless video spoilers.
In the latest teasers for Chesapeake Shores, Megan discovers a hidden treasure that sends her on an unanticipated journey, and Connor is shocked by what he learns.
Get the soap news, spoilers and interviews in your inbox daily with Soaps.com's newsletter. And have a look through the gallery of Days of Our Lives' cast portraits for 2021.
Image: Chris Haston/NBC

Fans got their wish for EJ DiMera to return when, in 2021, Aussie Dan Feuerriegel filled the massive hole James Scott's departure left. The actor fit right as he brought the fire to EJ and Samantha's stormy relationship and added even more dysfunction to the already-messy DiMera family.

Bryan Dattilo has been a mainstay on Days of Our Lives since he was a young twentysomething. Now, as Lucas Horton, he's helping to usher in new generations as his character's children maneuver through the trials and tribulations of their own dramas and families.

Crying on cue is a skill not all can pull off but, as Nicole Walker, Arianne Zucker has mastered the art of the believable sob. When she's not in tears, the actress is just as good at showing off her character's bitchier, scheming and even loving sides. She's what ya call multi-faceted that way.

Galen Gering acted opposite an orangutan on Passions. Over a decade later, he's sharing scenes with a teddy bear. Whatever the task his FBI agent-turned-Salem detective-turned-police commissioner character is given, the actor manages to pull it off — heck, even playing Robo Rafe.

The General Hospital and All My Children alum has been in and out Salem as Ava Vitali (and even Taylor Walker) for more than a decade. The Emmy winner has played Ava as an obsessed stalker, a doting (in her own way) mother and sympathetic love interest. Who knows what's next!

Ben Weston has come along way from his days as the Necktie Killer. With the help of Dr. Marlena Evans' therapy, Ciara's love and portrayer Robert Scott Wilson's charm, the character has become a bonafide soap-opera hero.

In his more than four decades on the daytime drama, James Reynolds has taken Abe Carver from cop to police commissioner to Salem's mayor. He's even navigated the challenges presented by his character meeting two out of three of his children when they were full-fledged adults. Now, if he can just get his love life on track.

Over two decades ago, Lauren Koslow was recast in the role of Kate Roberts (which had been originated by Deborah Adair). Whether scheming, falling in love or playing the doting mother and grandmother (in Kate's own way), Koslow has more than made the role her own — complete with her trademark blue hair streak.

Little Allie Horton is all grown up in the form of Lindsay Arnold. The actress was immediately thrown into the fire with dramatic frontburner storylines, easily cementing her status as a beloved member of both the Brady and Horton families.

Matthew Ashford's Jack Deveraux started out on Days of Our Lives as nothing short of vile. However, a great love with Jennifer, an unstoppable sense of humor and a couple of children helped turn the character into a lovable goof and (mostly) upstanding citizen.

She had the unenviable task of temporarily taking over a beloved role from a Days of Our Lives veteran. However, soap pro Cady McClain easily took over as Jennifer Horton — and made such an impression, she won a Daytime Emmy for her efforts.

The former Young & Restless actress brought her delicious knack for playing the bad girl to Days of Our Lives. Of course, as Gwen Rizczech, she had to bust up Chad and Abigail's marriage and almost sabotage her long-lost father Jack's relationship to do it. But, ya know, it's all in good, soapy fun.

Despite Marci Miller having swapped in and out of the role of Abigail DiMera with Kate Mansi over the years, the appeal of Days of Our Lives supercouple Chad and Abby endures. That's thanks in part to the on-screen chemistry Miller shares with Billy Flynn (Chad), who describes their version of "Chabby" as an "evolved type of love."

All one has to do is say the name Patch, and even non-soap fans know who you're referring to. Stephen Nichols has been playing the iconic Steve Johnson for decades, cementing his status as one half of the supercouple "Stayla" in the process.

The actress who portrays the other half of "Stayla," Mary Beth Evans, has played the heart of the Brady family since the mid-1980s. Not only is she Patch's "Sweetness," but as Kayla Brady, she delivers babies, performs heart surgery and removes the occasional microchip from her fellow Salemites' brains. Hey, it happens!

Josh Taylor had big shoes to fill when he took over the role of Roman Brady from Wayne Northrop in the 1990s. The recast was made even trickier by the fact that he had previously played Days of Our Lives' Chris Kositchek. However, some 20 years later, Josh Taylor simply is the family patriarch and unlucky-in-love Brady Pub owner.

After firestarter Claire Brady went away to a psychiatric hospital, she returned with a new outlook and a new face. With Australian actress Isabel Durant in the role, a reformed Claire made amends with those she had wronged and looked ahead to her future. Her love life could still use some help, though. Come back, Claire! Come back!

Julie Williams has never met a person she didn't judge. And Susan Seaforth Hayes has never met a scene that she couldn't perfect, not since she started playing the part when Julie was a rebellious youngster. Days of Our Lives has given the actress not only a successful career but also a husband as she's married to her on-screen partner, Bill Hayes (Doug).

Speaking of Seaforth Hayes' on- and off-screen love, Bill Hayes hit Salem in the early 1970s, just a couple of years after his future wife. To explain his longevity, Days of Our Lives' executive producer Ken Corday explained, "His faith is very, very deep. His love for his wife is very, very great. And he is an eternal optimist."

Image: NBC

Lamon Archey's Eli is one of Salem's, and the Horton family's, finest. One of his defining qualities is the love he has for his wife and family. Well, that, and his penchant for taking off his shirt… and towel. Just ask hissister-in-law Chanel.

Eli's better half, Lani, played by Sal Stowers, has had a rough go of it this past year, what with her babies getting kidnapped and learning her parents aren't really her parents. Good thing soap operas thrive on angst!

After months of Eli and Lani tending to swaddled blankets and mannequin babies, their twins, Jules and Carver, finally made their debut in the form of actual twins Arya and Winter Wells. They couldn't be cuter if Eli and Lani were real people who made real babies together.

Tripp and Allie have come a long way since the days of her suspecting he was her rapist. But can the couple overcome her crush on BFF Chanel? Whatever happens, the actors sell the heck out of the young lovers' sweet chemistry.

Tripp might be her boyfriend, but the main man in Allie's life is her son Henry, played by Nash Gunderson. Clearly, Tripp is no competition for this little guy.

Chanel has had two quickie marriages, and two actresses portray her in less than a year. Since Raven Bowens took over the role, she's proven she has chemistry with everyone, making it hard to decide who she should be with — BFF Allie or Allie's twin brother Johnny.

Johnny finally returned to Salem as an adult in 2021 and, with Boatman in the role, he is as devilishly charming as you'd expect EJ DiMera's son to be. Now, he just needs to literally rid himself of the devil.

Who doesn't love Maggie Horton? Sure she has her demons, but she's got a big heart ready to offer words of comfort and guidance — even to bad boy Xander Cook. Her marriage to ruthless Victor Kiriakis came as a shock, but with Suzanne Rogers selling Maggie's love, it was easy to believe.

Whether playing Kristen DiMera or Susan Banks, Stacy Haiduk has more than exceeded expectations after taking over the iconic roles from Eileen Davidson. Heck, she even crushed it when her predecessor was onscreen at the same time, playing a possessed version of Kristen.

A few months after Dan Feuerriegel settled into his recast role of EJ DiMera, he let his hair down — literally. Sporting a beard, and longer, wavier hair, the actor's take on Samantha's estranged husband is cheekier to say the least.

Ben and Ciara finally got their happily ever after — despite the MarDevil's best efforts. Now, they just need to keep their unborn baby out of JoDevil's path. If they can, Victoria Konefal and Rob Wilson will soon have a teeny, tiny co-star to work opposite.

From goth to glam, Nadia Bjorlin has taken Chloe on quite the evolution. Now, if only the character can finally choose between Philip and Brady, there might be some peace in her life. Oh, who are we kidding?

If there's one thing we know about Martha Madison's Belle, it's she loves her husband Shawn. If there's another, it's that Jan will always be a threat to their happiness. Will 2022 be different for the embattled couple?

The son of supercouple Bo and Hope, Shawn Douglas Brady has a lot to live up to. As did his portrayer, Brandon Beemer who took over the role from the popular Jason Cook. All these years later, Beemer made the role his own. Now, if Shawn can just shake Jan for good one of these days.

The latest addition to the Deveraux family hasn't exactly ingratiated herself to the entire clan. Especially not to her sister Abigail. But that's where the fun comes in as Emily O'Brien's alter ego schemes and plots, all in the name of seeking love and acceptance.

Well, sometimes they're happy. Chad and Abigail have a lot of love for each other, and especially their kids Thomas and Charlotte, but they just can't always get their relationship together. But that doesn't stop fans from rooting for Billy Flynn and Marci Miller's fun, flirty onscreen chemistry from prevailing.

Sami and Marlena rarely see eye to eye, but that doesn't mean the love isn't strong between mother and daughter. For decades, Alison Sweeney and Deidre Hall have entertained fans with their often contentious, but loving onscreen relationship.

B&B DAYS GH Y&R
The Walking Dead Mystery: Who Are...
Chesapeake Shores Teasers: Jess and...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Wesley A. Zirkle
Indiana University – J.D., 2001
Primary Focus Area
Other Focus Areas
Startup Law
As an attorney at Gutwein Law, Wes acts as outside general counsel for companies ranging from startups to traditional middle market companies to help them achieve their full potential. In addition to partnering with business owners, he also spends his days working with marketing agencies, sports properties, and sponsors. Wes' experience as a former business executive and in-house General Counsel of domestic and international companies allows him to provide his clients with candid and pragmatic legal advice informed by nearly two decades of direct business leadership.
Wes counts himself fortunate to have had a "pinch me" career, and he's just getting started. Originally thinking he would be a professor of Religion, Wes enrolled in law school at the urging of his uncle, himself a General Counsel who believed Wes' uncommon way of thinking and his strong sense of ethics would serve the profession well.
Since graduating from law school, Wes has had an interesting and diverse career representing celebrities, advising Fortune 1000 companies, growing a small business into a global leader in its field, and leading marketing agencies.
Outside of the firm, Wes enjoys playing golf with his sons, carpentry, and movie nights with his family.


Azure Reserved VM Instances (RIs) are generally available for customers worldwide, effective today.
As part of our continued commitment to deliver Azure to customers at the best possible prices, effective October 1st, we are lowering prices on many of our most popular virtual machines (VMs).
I'm excited to share today new programs and innovations across our enterprise cloud portfolio to help partners achieve even more for their customers. Most importantly, I'm excited to share how partners and customers are already changing the world with the Microsoft Cloud.
Today, the Microsoft Cloud takes another leap forward in our mission to empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more.
Today at WPC we made a number of significant technology and program announcements to help our customers capitalize on the incredible opportunities provided by big data, advanced analytics and cloud computing.


If you have been a fan of the Naruto series of games, then you might be slightly disappointed with the expansion pack that was released recently this was a much anticipated expansion pack that promised to deliver a world of excitement to the universe and instead it came up a littleshort. While it is a good game, it does not live up to the hype and does not come into the land of being a great game by any means. Here are a few of the things that the game could have used to improve on to make it a little more desirable.
The first area is that there is not a lot of new characters when you are having to rely on old characters to help pull in the fans, something has went south in your world. Most of the new characters that are brought into the game are non playable. This will be an area that leads a lot of players to not even want to try and play the game as they do not want to have to see players that they think are playable only to discover that is is just a cruel joke from the game makers. This is an area where the ball was massively dropped.
The few new characters that are actually playable you have to gain by going through story mode. If you have read the manga, then you know what ha[pens next and therefore you will be more entertained than playing the game for the painfully awkward storytelling to play out. By the time you reach thend, you are regretting the purchase and are swearing that you are done with the whole franchise. This is not helping the brand, it simply hurts it.
Not all the news is bad, from a development standpoint, there are some shining areas, one of these being that they did a good job on the graphics, most of the graphics are a marked improvement from the previous game that came out. This is one area where things were done right, it is a shame that the rest of the game could not have been as successful as this one area was.
If you had high expectations for this game, then you were like a lot of people and a little disappointed that the game failed to deliver the big pop that it had promised. Watching the trailer and playing the actual game seem like two different worlds. The trailer was the land of what could have been and the actual game play was the land of what never was. It is best to save your money and if you have a friend that has it, borrow it from them. If they feel like the rest of the people, they my just let you have it and let you be disappointed like everyone else.
The price is a saving grace as it is priced at $20 which helps to soften the blow of what a miss this expansion pack was for such a popular game series.
Originally from Great Falls Montana. Currently living in Memphis Tn, an avid motorcycle rider, gamer. I love everything that is PS4 related and have taken part in a number of gaming tournaments including an annual Madden tournament.


text:
Q: With springboot 2.7.0 and 2.7.5, not able to establish SQL connection Getting below error for SQL connection with spring boot 2.7.0 and 2.7.5
error log:
com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: The driver could not establish a secure connection to SQL Server by using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption. Error: "PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target". ClientConnectionId:b70fb42a-0947-4a2c-949c-afb05ee87324
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.terminate(SQLServerConnection.java:3680) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSChannel.enableSSL(IOBuffer.java:2113) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectHelper(SQLServerConnection.java:3204) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.login(SQLServerConnection.java:2833) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectInternal(SQLServerConnection.java:2671) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connect(SQLServerConnection.java:1640) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver.connect(SQLServerDriver.java:936) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:138) ~[HikariCP-4.0.3.jar:na]
    at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:364) ~[HikariCP-4.0.3.jar:na]
    at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:206) ~[HikariCP-4.0.3.jar:na]
    at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:476) ~[HikariCP-4.0.3.jar:na]
    at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:561) ~[HikariCP-4.0.3.jar:na]
    at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:115) ~[HikariCP-4.0.3.jar:na]
    at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:112) ~[HikariCP-4.0.3.jar:na]
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DatasourceConnectionProviderImpl.getConnection(DatasourceConnectionProviderImpl.java:122) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator$ConnectionProviderJdbcConnectionAccess.obtainConnection(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:181) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:68) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:35) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:101) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:263) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:237) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:214) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.id.factory.internal.DefaultIdentifierGeneratorFactory.injectServices(DefaultIdentifierGeneratorFactory.java:175) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.injectDependencies(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:286) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:243) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:214) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.<init>(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:173) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:127) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1460) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1494) ~[hibernate-core-5.6.9.Final.jar:5.6.9.Final]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:58) ~[spring-orm-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:365) ~[spring-orm-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:409) ~[spring-orm-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:396) ~[spring-orm-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:341) ~[spring-orm-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1863) ~[spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1800) ~[spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:620) ~[spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542) ~[spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) ~[spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) ~[spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) ~[spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1154) ~[spring-context-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:908) ~[spring-context-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) ~[spring-context-5.3.20.jar:5.3.20]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:147) ~[spring-boot-2.7.0.jar:2.7.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:734) ~[spring-boot-2.7.0.jar:2.7.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:408) ~[spring-boot-2.7.0.jar:2.7.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:308) ~[spring-boot-2.7.0.jar:2.7.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1306) ~[spring-boot-2.7.0.jar:2.7.0]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1295) ~[spring-boot-2.7.0.jar:2.7.0]
    at com.ss.chatroom.ChatroomApplication.main(ChatroomApplication.java:10) ~[classes/:na]
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.Alert.createSSLException(Alert.java:131) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.TransportContext.fatal(TransportContext.java:326) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.TransportContext.fatal(TransportContext.java:269) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.TransportContext.fatal(TransportContext.java:264) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.CertificateMessage$T12CertificateConsumer.checkServerCerts(CertificateMessage.java:645) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.CertificateMessage$T12CertificateConsumer.onCertificate(CertificateMessage.java:464) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.CertificateMessage$T12CertificateConsumer.consume(CertificateMessage.java:360) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLHandshake.consume(SSLHandshake.java:392) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.HandshakeContext.dispatch(HandshakeContext.java:444) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.HandshakeContext.dispatch(HandshakeContext.java:422) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.TransportContext.dispatch(TransportContext.java:183) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLTransport.decode(SSLTransport.java:171) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.decode(SSLSocketImpl.java:1403) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readHandshakeRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1309) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:440) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:411) ~[na:na]
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSChannel.enableSSL(IOBuffer.java:2021) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    ... 51 common frames omitted
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at java.base/sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:439) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:306) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:264) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:313) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:233) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:110) ~[na:na]
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSChannel$HostNameOverrideX509TrustManager.checkServerTrusted(IOBuffer.java:1702) ~[mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.AbstractTrustManagerWrapper.checkServerTrusted(SSLContextImpl.java:1510) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.ssl.CertificateMessage$T12CertificateConsumer.checkServerCerts(CertificateMessage.java:629) ~[na:na]
    ... 63 common frames omitted
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at java.base/sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.build(SunCertPathBuilder.java:141) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:126) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:297) ~[na:na]
    at java.base/sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:434) ~[na:na]
    ... 71 common frames omitted

I have tried ssl=false, but still issue is present
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=ChatRoom?ssl=false
    username: chatroom
    password: chatroom
    driver-class-name: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
module KBSecret
  # A namespace for all exceptions defined by {KBSecret}.
  module Exceptions
    # A generic error in {KBSecret}.
    class KBSecretError < RuntimeError
    end

    # Raised during record loading if a particular file can't be loaded
    class RecordLoadError < KBSecretError
      # @param path [String] the path to the record
      def initialize(path)
        base = File.basename(path)
        super "Failed to load record in file: '#{base}'"
      end
    end

    # Raised during record creation if an unknown record type is requested.
    class RecordTypeUnknownError < KBSecretError
      # @param type [String, Symbol] the record type
      def initialize(type)
        super "Unknown record type: '#{type}'"
      end
    end

    # Raised during record creation if too many/few arguments are given.
    class RecordCreationArityError < KBSecretError
      # @param exp [Integer] the number of expected arguments
      # @param act [Integer] the number of actual arguments
      def initialize(exp, act)
        super "Needed #{exp} arguments for this record, got #{act}"
      end
    end

    # Raised when record creation or import would cause an unintended overwrite.
    class RecordOverwriteError < KBSecretError
      # @param session [Session] the session being modified
      # @param label [String] the label being overwritten in the session
      def initialize(session, label)
        super "Record '#{label}' already exists in '#{session.label}'"
      end
    end

    # Raised during session load if an error occurs.
    class SessionLoadError < KBSecretError
      # @param msg [String] the error message
      def initialize(msg)
        super "Session loading failure: #{msg}"
      end
    end

    # Raised during session lookup if an unknown session is requested.
    class SessionUnknownError < KBSecretError
      # @param sess [String, Symbol] the label of the session
      def initialize(sess)
        super "Unknown session: '#{sess}'"
      end
    end

    # Raised during record import if the source is the same as the destination.
    class SessionImportError < KBSecretError
      # @param session [Session] the session being imported into
      def initialize(session)
        super "Session '#{session.label}' cannot import records from itself"
      end
    end

    # Raised during generator lookup if an unknown profile is requested.
    class GeneratorUnknownError < KBSecretError
      # @param gen [String, Symbol] the label of the generator
      def initialize(gen)
        super "Unknown generator profile: '#{gen}'"
      end
    end

    # Raised during generator creation if an unknown generator format is requested.
    class GeneratorFormatError < KBSecretError
      # @param fmt [String, Symbol] the format of the generator
      def initialize(fmt)
        super "Unknown generator format: '#{fmt}'"
      end
    end

    # Raised during generator creation if a non-positive generator length is requested.
    class GeneratorLengthError < KBSecretError
      # @param length [Integer] the length of the generator
      def initialize(length)
        super "Bad secret generator length (#{length}, must be positive)"
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Masters in Sports Administration program kicks off year-long 50th anniversary celebration
Friday, May 20 2016 12:00am
OHIO's College of Business hosted its annual MSA Alumni Symposium to bring together current students and alumni on campus.
Sparking the interest of millennials
Friday, April 29 2016 12:00am
Sales management students develop business plans to help IGS Energy connect with millennial consumers.
#MarketingMonday: Abby Jacobs, DICK's Sporting Goods
Monday, April 25 2016 12:31pm
Interview with Abby Jacobs, Community Marketing Manager for Dick's Sporting Goods in Wisconsin
OHIO's sports administration alumni open doors for the next generation of students
27 MSA students traveled to New York to pitch research projects to industry professionals and alumni
College of Business Award for Achievement in Business presented to Andy Dolich, MSA `71
Wednesday, April 13 2016 12:00am
Each year, Ohio University's College of Business honors a business leader who has significantly contributed to his or her organization and community while maintaining the highest ethical standards. This year, Master's of Sports Administration alumnus Andy Dolich will be recognized for his achievements at the College of Business 2016 Annual Spring Awards Banquet Fri., Apr. 15 at 6 p.m. in Nelson Commons.
Diversity in Sports Interview Series: Mike Rodriguez, University of Akron
Tuesday, April 12 2016 10:08am
Interview with Mike Rodriguez from the University of Akron Athletic Department
NYC Capstone Provides Industry Experience for MSA Students
Wednesday, April 6 2016 12:33pm
Each year, Ohio MSA students have the opportunity to do multiple consulting projects for leading sports organizations in the NYC metro area
Bobcat Q&A: Ishan Patel
Friday, April 1 2016 12:00am
Learn about Ishan's heavy involvement in student organizations and who makes the best pizza in Athens.
Sports Ad Diversity Series: Darryle Dionne, Professional Hockey Player's Association
Tuesday, March 29 2016 09:40am
Kelley Johnson, MSA class of 2017, interviews Darryl Dionne, Director of Marketing, Communications, & Business Development for the Professional Hockey Players' Association (PHPA), as part of our Diversity in Sports Interview Series.
What you missed at Schey Talks
Monday, March 28 2016 12:00am
More than 200 students, faculty, staff, and members of the community gathered at the Athena Cinema Wed., Mar. 23 for the first annual Schey Talks.


text:
Terence Crawford dishes out severe beating, stops Jeff Horn in 9
by Andreas Hale
LAS VEGAS — Terence Crawford listened to Jeff Horn and his team talk about everything from predicting a first-round knockout and how Horn would physically impose his will to complaints about the gloves being used and the legitimacy of Crawford's hand injury that postponed the fight. He heard everything little thing, and instead of talking trash in the media, he made the Australian pay for it in blood inside of the squared circle as the main event on ESPN's streaming service, ESPN+.
In front of 8,112 fans inside of the MGM Grand Garden Arena, Terence Crawford (33-0, 24 knockouts) dished out a severe beating to the one-dimensional Horn and eventually secured the stoppage in the 9th round to win the WBO welterweight title in his 147-pound debut.
Horn (18-1-1), who won a controversial decision against Manny Pacquiao last year to become WBO champion, sought to impose his physicality on Crawford like he did Pacquiao. Crawford tried to tell him beforehand that he's not Manny Pacquiao. But better than tell him, Crawford decided to show him.
Photo by German Villasenor
As expected, Horn tried to make it as physical as possible by rushing the Nebraskan and muscle him around the ring. But Crawford was ready for that and then some. The former unified junior welterweight champion didn't take long to time his opponent's advances and in the first round he started prying the Aussie open with well-timed jabs and hard uppercuts.
What some may have not expected was that Crawford also proved to be the stronger and more physical fighter. When he wasn't planting hard counters on Horn, he was pushing him around the ring and making it a point to give him an extra shove whenever they were in a clinch. That didn't divert Horn from his strategy of bulling forward, and as the fight progressed it just played into Crawford's hands.
By the fifth round, Crawford was not only landing the harder and cleaner shots, he also decided to turn into the aggressor and stalk the slowly wilting Australian. To Horn's credit — considering that he was a 10-1 underdog — he displayed a ton of heart and refused to fall apart even when his only strategy had no chance of succeeding. Crawford masterfully landed thunderous step-back check hooks whenever Horn put his head down and charged forward.
Then, at the end of the fifth round, Crawford landed a thudding body shot that saw Horn wince in pain. Crawford saw it, too. A mischievous smile stretched across Bud's face as the nasty streak that Crawford has been known for was in full effect.
There was no chance that Crawford was going to allow this to go to the scorecards and spent the next two rounds tenderizing the meat before it was time to cook it in the eighth and eat it in the ninth. When Horn started to think twice about his advances, Crawford met him with a hard jab and a right hook. If Horn tried to close the distance, Crawford would shift his weight and sink a body shot that would take the wind out of the Aussie's sails. Although Horn's fans in the crowd sought to urge him on, Crawford simply used that energy of hope and turned it into more pain.
In the eighth round, Crawford caught Horn ducking his head in preparation for the charge and lifted him with an uppercut followed by a pair of hard left hooks. Horn stepped back and appeared to be OK, but the look in his eyes said otherwise. Right at the end of the round, Crawford cut loose a straight right hand that nearly broke his opponent's spirit. Fortunately Horn, it was at the bell. Unfortunately, Crawford was ready to eat his meal.
Crawford emptied the toolbox in the 9th round and systematically broke Horn down. As tough as Horn was, the punishment was becoming too much. As one of the best finishers in the business, Crawford kept his cool and picked his shots. A crisp three-punch combination moved Horn back to the ropes and a left hook spun him to the canvas for the first knockdown of the fight. The end was near and Crawford had no interest letting his opponent survive. Completely outclassed and with no answers, Horn could only try to survive the assault, but Crawford launched a hellacious assortment of power shots. Each punch raised the excitement in the crowd as the end neared. Another violent salvo gave referee Robert Byrd no choice but to rescue Horn from further punishment. The end came at the 2:33 mark of the 9th round, but make no mistake: The end was never, ever in doubt.
With the win, the 30-year-old begins a new quest to unify the titles in another weight class. The challenge, however, will be in whether or not the politics between promoters will prevent Crawford to face the likes of Keith Thurman (WBA champion), Errol Spence (IBF champion) or the winner of the upcoming WBC title fight between Shawn Porter and Danny Garcia. Considering that Crawford is a huge risk for all four opponents, it's unlikely that Al Haymon, Showtime and PBC will be looking to put any of those names against Crawford in the immediate future. However, Crawford's next fought could be against the hard hitting Jose Benavidez Jr., who scored a quick first-round knockout on the undercard and has been after a fight with Crawford for a few years. If nothing else, it would be a credible opponent for Crawford to face while he waits for the dust to settle over on Haymon's side.
Regardless, there's no doubt that Crawford is one of the top three pound-for-pound fighters in the world, and performances such as this will only further cement his growing legend.


text:
A Reich royal racism runs deep in the Windsor family
The queen's uncle Edward and his wife Wallis Simpson met Hitler in 1937
The nation rallied behind the queen as she was rocked by cruel Nazi smears. Newly released footage from 1933 shows her and other royals doing Nazi salutes.
No better man to explain than Tory MP Boris Johnson, "The two little girls are plainly fooling around, and so is their mother, and so—probably—is their uncle Edward."
The "probably" is there for a reason. Uncle Edward, or King Edward VIII, was a friend of Adolf Hitler.
The story of Edward and Wallis Simpson is often sold as a heartwarming romance.
The best man at their wedding was Edward "Fruity" Metcalfe, who had been photographed in fascist regalia at a British Union of Fascists (BUF) dinner. Sort of like our own dear Prince Harry but with feeling.
The bride's closest friend was Diana Mosley, who married BUF founder Sir Oswald Mosley at Nazi minister Joseph Goebbels's home, with Hitler as guest of honour.
The establishment made Edward abdicate because of the couple's open sympathy for Germany in the run-up to war.
The queen mother once sent a copy of Hitler's book Mein Kampf to a friend, saying, "Even a skip through gives you a good idea of his obvious sincerity."
Her confidant Woodrow Wyatt put it, "She clearly has some reservations about Jews in her old-fashioned English way."
All four of Prince Philip's elder sisters were married off to various posh Nazis in the 1930s. Two had sons called Adolf.
And the queen's sister once stormed out of a showing of Schindlers List, saying, "I don't want to hear another word about Jews or the Holocaust. Not one more word. I heard enough during the war. I never want to hear about it again. Ever."
And as one biography put it, "One of her German cousins had run a concentration camp, for which he later stood trial as a war criminal."
Plainly fooling around.
Taking a break from tax
David Cameron is taking his family on three summer holidays. Cornwall will be followed by a break in Portugal.
The third family holiday is on the Scottish island of Jura. Cameron shoots stags there. His father-in-law Lord Astor has an estate.
Though technically it is owned by a holding company in a tax haven.
Which is nice.
'Try to sound normal,' MPs told
MPs have been issued with an guide to using Twitter. Pearls of wisdom include telling the truth and not tweeting while drunk.
It adds "Tweet about things normal people are interested in like music, sport, films and TV. But make it genuine, don't fake an interest in your local football team or Coronation Street if that's not your thing."
Tory takes the p in expenses
Tory MP Rob Wilson, member for Reading East, has put in more than 160 travel claims of less than £1 since 2010.
Last year Wilson claimed 9p to cover the 0.2 mile journey he made for a "constituency engagement".
In November last year he claimed 60p for riding his bicycle to work.
May turns the taps off on Boris's cannon
Poor Boris Johnson saw his dreams of blasting protesters off the streets lie in tatters last week. Tory home secretary Theresa May ruled out letting police use water cannons in London.
Unfortunately Johnson had already splashed £218,000 on three second-hand cannons. That cost went up to £329,000 after maintenance, transport and officer training.
Johnson knew that the models were being phased out in Germany after blinding a 66 year old man.
The vehicles carrying them were too polluting to be allowed into most of London. But he drove ahead regardless.
May didn't rule them out for noble reasons. She worried about making the cops' reputation even worse. She said they may be "counterproductive" and could undermine the "legitimacy" of the police.
Top Merseyside cop Sir Jon Murphy warned that water cannon are "closely associated with the suppression of political protest in Egypt". Using them in London wouldn't look good.
Racist cops face Facebook probe
The Met has launched yet another investigation into itself after its officers used a "secret" Facebook group to air racist views.
Cops used a closed group on the social network to post racist comments about Gypsies and Travellers.
Named "I've Met the Met", it has around 3,000 participants, and serves as an unofficial and invite only online forum.
According to a complaint sent by the Traveller Movement charity the comments suggest a "canteen culture of racism towards Gypsies and Travellers".
The terror threat is in tents
Project Fawn is aimed at preparing nursery and school staff for the possibility that London could be hit by terrorist attacks.
It comes with slides referring to domestic extremism, student protests, the Occupy movement, and climate issues and urban explorers.
Arms sales to Israel back on
Last year the government brought in arms export restrictions on Israel.
Last week, Sajid Javid took time off from attacking unions and pronounced, "In August 2014 the government announced that it had identified 12 export licences it would suspend. … As a result of the most recent review this additional measure has now been lifted."
Figure it out – benefits
£2.3 billion
Jobseekers' Allowance not claimed in 2014
pension credit not claimed in 2014
Housing benefit not claimed in 2014
Income Support and Employment and Support Allowance not claimed in 2014
£13 billion
total amount unclaimed by people entitled to benefits. That's ten times the amount lost to benefit fraud
The royal tradition invented
Get rid of the monarchy, and the myths that make it
How much does the super rich royal family own?
Another royal scrounger is a crowning injustice
Who Says?
The things they say
State collusion rife in Derry Loyalist murder gang
State deaths quads in Derry, Phillip Green still trousering cash
Offshore wind farms go offshore to avoid tax
Tax avoiding companies, money laundering accountants and petrol profiteers
NatWest Bank bosses admit 'spoofing' to fix the markets
The Troublemaker looks at the news of the week
Care home company ships profits to Cayman Islands
A round up of scandals and news of the week


You shouldn�t do any workouts if you want skinnier legs without any muscles. Spot reduction is a myth so you can�t really do anything specific to reduce fat in your legs. However, you can do wholesome full body workouts to burn fat and build muscle. Once you start building some muscle you will notice the �tone� that people speak about. Tone is really muscle. So yeah, if you want skinny... 3/01/2014�� Jogging every other day and eating healthy. No weight lifting. The cardio will melt the fat and eating healthy will prevent any fat from packing on.
In this post, I reveal TOP 3 Stretching moves and exercises to get slim calves without building muscle. You can easily do it at home while watching TV. You can easily do it � how to say go backwards in spanish To build new muscle mass you would lift heavy weights while consuming a daily calorie surplus. This is a typical weight gainer routine bodybuilders use to add muscle mass. This is a typical weight gainer routine bodybuilders use to add muscle mass.
I want them to be have skinnier legs without gaining too much muscle. I go running everyday for around 40 minutes, but some people say you gain a lot of muscle from running. Is that true... I go running everyday for around 40 minutes, but some people say you gain a lot of muscle from running.
If so, here are some helpful ways to lose fat and attain skinnier legs. Sadly, spot reducing doesn't work, so overall weight loss is what you need. Here are a few ways to help build muscle as you lose.
If you don't want to bulk then do less weight with more repetitions (3x20). Build lean muscle mass. Other than that, you you could lose weight in general.


text:
Study & Research in Göttingen
University of Göttingen - India Office
St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute, Kottayam
Suchen English
St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute (SEERI) - an institution of the Syro Malankara Catholic Church - established in 1985 at Kottayam, Kerala, India, promotes Syriac studies. It is an ecumenical Institute unique in India. Its students and teachers come from not only the 7 Churches of Syriac tradition, but also from other Churches from abroad.
SEERI, which has become an international Institute for Syriac studies, also welcomes students individually or in groups for short-term courses in Syriac language and for programmes of initiation into the living liturgical and spiritual traditions of the Churches of Syriac heritage in Kerala (South India). Its courses make its participants competent in both East Syriac and West Syriac heritage.
Assam University, Silchar
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune
Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad
Gurukul Lutheran Theological College & Research Center, Chennai
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
Kakatiya University, Warangal
National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela
National Law School Of India University, Bangalore
Ranchi University, Ranchi
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
Tata Institute of Social Sciences Mumbai, Mumbai
University of Delhi, Delhi
University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute
Baker Hill
Kottayam - 686 001
http://www.seeri.org/
Wilhelmsplatz 1 (Aula)
Tel. 0551 39-0
und Personensuche (UniVZ)
Prüfungsverwaltung (FlexNow)
Lernmanagement (Stud.IP)
Mitarbeiterinnen-
und Mitarbeiterportal (MaP)