text:
With Lynch to Holy Etchmiadzin
My first encounter with Armenian history came when I was seventeen. It was then that I first read Lynch's modestly titled work, Armenia, Travels and Studies.[1] In those days the London library service had an efficient and effective system of tracking down rare and scholarly tomes which would be despatched from the obscurity of some dusty repository to one's own branch library. In two volumes, well illustrated with his own photographs H.F.B. Lynch (1862-1913) gives an account of his two journeys to Armenia in 1893 and 1898.
Although at heart a geographer, Lynch supported his own observations with thorough historical research and quotes a wide variety of ancient Armenian chroniclers as well as the observations of earlier travellers. His ascent of Mount Ararat is described in graphic detail whereas his interest in theological and liturgical matters is somewhat limited. Lynch's visit to Etchmiadzin coincided with the enthronement of the celebrated Catholicos Mekertich (known as Khrimean Hayrik) but his pedestrian description of the incomparable liturgical ceremonies of the Armenian Church is disappointing. He nevertheless conceived a profound respect for the Catholicos and portrays him as a dynamic symbol of all that is good in the Armenian national spirit. I remember having a photograph made of Khrimean Hayrik from the one published in Lynch's book, which I have always treasured.
The hundred years intervening between our two visits have seen massive changes in the fortunes of Armenia. In Lynch's day Armenia was divided between the Russian and Ottoman Empires. Two years after Lynch's death, the 1915 Armenian Genocide totally removed the historic Armenian presence from Eastern Anatolia, whilst the brief interlude of an independent Armenian republic (1918-1920) in that portion formally under the Russian Empire, was soon eclipsed by seventy years of Soviet oppression. Only in August 1991 the creation of a small, but independent, Armenian republic fulfilled a long-cherished dream following centuries of foreign domination.
Like Lynch, I set off on my journey from Istanbul, following the route along the south of the Black Sea, but Lynch travelled by horse whereas I flew with Armenian Airlines. His first illustration of the entrance to the Black Sea from the Bosphorus was very much the same view as I had from several thousand feet above the ground; but the changes in landscape were more sudden as we left the well-wooded coastal belt and crossed the Pontic Alps into the high tableland of Anatolia with its mountainous peaks. Shortly before crossing the Turkish border the snow-capped peak of Great Ararat (17,000 feet) loomed over a wide plain with greenery and trees suddenly relieving the ochre and russet landscape across which we had flown.
As we began the descent to Yerevan I realised that the Cathedral and churches of Etchmiadzin were clearly visible from the air set amidst what appeared very much like a sprawling shantytown. It was only later that I realised that many of the older Armenian houses are in fact solidly constructed of stone (as are the party-walls in each building) but that the widespread use of metal sheeting or corrugated iron for roofing gives a much less substantial impression from the air. Zvartnots airport is some six miles to the west of Yerevan, with Etchmiadzin to its west, so I bypassed the capital on arrival. When Lynch visited in 1893 the population of Yerevan was 15,000, comprising Tartars and Armenians in equal numbers and some 300 Russians. Today it has a population of 1.3 million with Armenians clearly the majority. In 1893 Yerevan was "a town embowered in foliage", whereas today the old city is just a small suburb of this sprawling town with its concrete tower-blocks and ubiquitous radio masts and aerials. However, when you stand on the hill overlooking the city, where the Genocide memorial to the 1.5 million Armenians who perished in 1915 has been erected, trees and green patches still relieve the tedium of urban development. The great plain of Ararat, which Lynch found "level and devoid of objects, like the bosom of a sea" is still dominated by the grandeur of Mount Ararat and its adjacent mountains, though often shrouded in mist or heat haze.
Holy Etchmiadzin is built on the site of the ancient royal city of Vagharshapat, of which now only the ecclesiastical monuments remain. A century ago there was nothing but the great monastic compound enclosed within "a lofty mud wall with round towers at intervals" approached from a village clustered along a "long and dusty street". Today it is Armenia's fourth largest city with a population of 64,400. Stone houses are plentiful, the roads are wide and tree-lined and the main approach to the Cathedral, now on the east side (but in Lynch's day on the south), is pleasant.
The Great Court
The Cathedral stands in the centre of what Lynch described as a "pilgrim's court … like that of a college at Cambridge adjoining the great gate which is in the south wall". The monastic compound is clearly reduced and less clearly defined now, but the well cared-for and shady gardens surrounding the Cathedral on all sides create a harmonious setting for its central feature. Strangely reminiscent of an English cathedral close, the numerous pipes and faucets ensure a plentiful supply of water to maintain the lush vegetation. I was told that in the early years of Soviet domination the grounds were reduced to a bog-like swamp and the air of neglect was triumphant, but today all is ordered and cherished.
An unexpected feature of the Cathedral is its carillon, installed after Lynch's day. Originally set to play the "Etchmiadzin Hymn" it now plays some other unidentified, but charming tune, at 8.00 a.m., 8.30 a.m., 8.45 a.m. and 6.00 p.m. Morning (8.30 a.m.) and evening prayer (6.00 p.m.) both start with the striking of the carillon, which sounds more sonorous from inside the Cathedral, but the timing of the 8.45 a.m. bells – in the middle of the office – is somewhat intrusive. Sadly, the general peace and tranquillity which characterises the Great Court for most of the day is rudely shattered between 9.00 p.m. until midnight each evening by loud pop music blasting out from a neighbouring café.
Lynch found the buildings round the quadrangle (of which he includes one picture) were "low … rudely built, with a continuous wooden veranda" which largely comprised the monastic cells. On the north east side, then already condemned, a "fine row of stone buildings is in course of construction" and these, bearing the date 1893-95, are now probably the oldest block around the "great court". Outwardly these comprise what appears as a handsome terrace of some nine individual dwellings, each opening onto the court with a solid carved front door and two ground floor windows and a further three large carved windows on the first floor. At the back, half of the elevation is recessed to provide a spacious covered balcony. Both the front and rear elevations are surmounted by an elaborately carved entablature supported by pairs of corbels and comprising a vaguely classical pattern of architrave, frieze and cornice, all decorated with acanthus-like leaves in some nineteenth century Armenian vernacular. At the rear the roof ends in a sculptured tympanum. All windows boast an elaborately carved surround, those on the first floor having fluted pilasters and carved keystones.
Proceeding round the court in a clockwise direction one comes across another elegant but less elaborate stone block on the south-east side, probably built in the early years of this century. This was the Patriarchate's printing house, but during the Soviet occupation it was a boundary across which church personnel did not cross. Running along the south side of the court is the modern Bishops' Guest House (with comfortable en suite apartments and rooms) and a long two-storied block which contains a vaulted kitchen and refectory on the ground floor and the seminarians' dormitory upstairs. Adjacent to these buildings, in the southwest corner, is the back of the former residence of the Catholicos, now a museum. Alone, in the centre of the west side of the court, stands a plain stone ceremonial arch which I was informed had been erected by St. Gregory's patron and co-illuminator, King Trdat IV "the Great", soon after his conversion in AD 301. Strangely Lynch makes no mention of a free-standing archway of such antiquity but "the great gate in the south wall", which he calls the "Great Gate (of Ghazarapat)" on his plan is shown as being contiguous with the monastic walls. One is inclined to conjecture whether it was moved here at the time when the new Patriarchate was built in 1913 to provide an imposing entrance to the gardens fronting the church's administrative headquarters and the residence of the Supreme Catholicos.
Running along the remaining length of the west side is a raised stone terrace, ending in an archway in the base of a clocktower surmounted by a columned cupola in the northwest corner. Most of the north side of the court is bounded by a high stone wall along which there is an impressive display of Armenian khatchkars dating from the ninth to the sixteenth century. These are large stone blocks intricately carved with crosses and interwoven spiral motifs, in many cases reminiscent of the designs found on mediæval Irish stone crosses. Two modern memorials are also notable, one column surmounted by an eagle's head (rather like a stone totem pole) with a fountain running from the bowl of a large stone ladle fixed to its side. Carved by A. Israelian in 1982 as a memorial to Catholicos Khrimean Hayrik, the eagle "of Vaspurakan" recalls his origins from Van. The ladle is said to recall his comments about the Congress of Berlin in 1878, which he had attended as former Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople. The great and small powers had assembled to partake of the "dish of liberty". The Balkan nations had come with their metal spoons and eaten of the tasty herisa stew, but the Armenians had only paper petitions, and when they timidly placed their paper spoon into the herisa, the paper dissolved and the Armenians received nothing. The largest monument, carved in 1965 by R. Israelian as a memorial to the martyrs of the Armenian Genocide, represents a number of khatchkars grouped together.
Before we complete our circuit we encounter the old seminary in the northeast corner. Built in 1909 this is a single-storied block with an Italianate two-storied porticoed entrance. It has now been superseded by the larger, recently renovated building outside the compound's principal entrance on the east side.
Traditionally the Cathedral at Etchmiadzin was built between 301 and 303 by St. Gregory the Illuminator and King Trdat IV. It stands on the site of the spot identified in a vision of St. Gregory. Lynch eloquently describes this vision:
"During his vigil, while his mind was revolving the recent acts of Divine grace, a violent peal of thunder, followed by a terrible rumbling sound, had fallen upon his startled sense. The firmament opened as a tent opens, and from the heaven descended the form of a man, radiant with celestial light. The name of Gregory was pronounced; the saint looked upon the face of the man, and fell trembling to the ground. Enjoined to raise his eyes, he beheld the waters about the firmament cloven and parcelled apart like hills and valleys, extending beyond the range of sight. Streams of light poured down from on high upon the earth, and, with the light, innumerable cohorts of shining human figures with wings of living flame. At their head was One of terrible face whom all followed as the supreme ruler of the host; He bore in his hand a golden mallet, and, alighting on the ground in the centre of the city, struck with His mallet the crust of the broad earth. The report of the blow penetrated unto the abysses below the earth; far and near all inequalities of the surface were smoothed out, and the land became a uniform plain."
Such was the origin of the name Etchmiadzin, which signifies "The Only-Begotten has descended".
Lynch is really quite critical about the architecture of the Cathedral. "I cannot invite my reader to admire the architecture of this cathedral … the original form of the exterior is rather difficult to unravel owing to the excresences, of which I may safely say that none are improvements, that have been added at various times." One might make similar comments about most English cathedrals though I suspect that his inability to date the various additions with the same precision as western architecture left him frustrated. According to Varazdat Haroutiunian[2] Armenian architecture from the 4th-19th century comprised only four periods: Early Mediæval (4th-7th), Mediæval (10th-11th), Advanced Mediæval (12th-14th) and Late Mediæval (17th-19th) !
Originally erected as a basilica-type structure (possibly of wood ?) it was remodelled around 483 during the reign of Prince Vahan Mamikonian and renovated extensively during the pontificates of the Catholicoi Komitas (615-628) and Nerses III (641-661). To the former is attributed the replacement of a wooden dome with one of stone, whilst the latter received for his labours the surname "the Builder". The incorporation of an early Greek inscription and another slab depicting two figures[3] in the north wall of the Cathedral are obviously of a later date and are not evidence of the antiquity of this portion of the structure. The earlier line of the roof is clearly visible below the later parapet on the north side. To gain some impression of the appearance of the church in the seventh century one needs to exclude all the later belfries and imagine the roof with more gables and a steeper pitch. The great dome is then much more striking in proportion to the rest of the building. Lynch complains bitterly of the Armenian obsession with their distinctive cupola-belfries: the Cathedral having acquired three smaller ones in the north, south and east (1627) and a larger one over the western portal (1658). The latter has delightful stone carvings of mythical beasts, angels and intertwined patterns which he dismisses as "the finicking architecture of the portal".
One is, however, inclined to support Lynch in his strictures about the additions to the Cathedral's east end which was remodelled in the latter half of the nineteenth century in order to house the Cathedral Treasury. Architecturally it is elegant, almost classical in style, but its suitability as an extension to this Cathedral is open to question.
Outside the west portal lie low rectangular incised slabs marking the tombs of a number of Catholicoi since the eighteenth century. Above the inscriptions are carved a clutter of pontifical regalia arranged in geometrical patterns: mitres against sunbursts, pastoral staves of both eastern and western design, the pallium, pectoral crosses and encolpia, handcrosses, open bibles and chalices with shining hosts. Here can be found the grave of Khrimean Hayrik; of Catholic Khoren, who was asphyxiated by the Communists in 1938; and a white marble slab in memory of the late Catholicos Vazgen, who skilfully steered the church through the period of post-war Soviet rule. Lynch noted a marble tomb to Sir John Macdonald, envoy from the British East India Company to the court of Persia, who was buried here in the 1820s.
This rather unlikely monument was removed more than twenty years ago to the neighbouring churchyard of St. Gaiane's church, the nearest of the three historic shrines, which stand outside the monastic enclosure at Etchmiadzin. I tracked it down in the rather overgrown southwest corner of the churchyard, surrounded by enormous sunflowers, where it stands against the high wall looking rather like a small Regency sideboard.
I am told that the most ancient Armenian tradition was for bishops and Catholicoi to be buried in unmarked graves beneath the west entrance of cathedrals, as marks of their humility.
Inside the Cathedral
The interior vault of the entrance porch is embellished with carved and painted seraphim, each alternating with red and green wings and rather myopically staring down on all who come and go. Inside the Cathedral is surprisingly small and intimate. The central dome, like the rest of the upper walls, is painted with a richly decorated pattern, the work of the Hovnatanians, a dynasty of Armenian painters who worked throughout the eighteenth century. The geometric patterns, which are Persian in inspiration, and at first seem more reminiscent of a mosque than a church, were once rich reds and greens highlighted in bright gold, but are now blackened by centuries of pious candlesmoke and incense.
The Altar of Descent, which covers the spot designated by the Lord in St. Gregory's vision, is now a free-standing, richly-veined white marble altar raised on two steps directly beneath the dome. A low marble reredos with a carved Armenian cross, surrounded by intricately entwined marble foliage, surmounts a retable of three steps. In the north and south apses, but facing eastwards, stand altars to Saints Barnabas and Thaddeus, the original evangelisers of Armenia, above which are large paintings depicting each saint.
The marble platform, upon which stands the apsidal sanctuary, is decorated with painted panels of the twelve apostles flanking the Theotokos and infant Saviour, and two deacons painted on the steps at each side. These colourful figures surmounted by bright floral patterns, stand on grassy mounds surrounded by a wide variety of flora and each has a panel depicting something resembling a lush poplar between them. The whole effect is delightfully bright and cheerful in spite of most of the figures clutching the barbaric implements with which they were martyred !
Two enormous thrones for the Supreme Catholicos, one on the north side of the Altar of Descent, the other within the fenced-off "chancel", are both architectural exhibits in themselves. The first, of elaborately carved wood in a sort of classical Jacobean style, has four elegant Corinthian columns supporting a monstrous canopy comprising a detailed model of the Cathedral complete with all four bell-towers ! It was sent to Catholicos Eliazar (1681-1691) by the Pope of Rome.
The second, dating from 1721, seems to comprise two quite distinct halves married together with qualified success. The lower half of wood richly inlaid with mother-of-pearl has four slender matching columns. The canopy, however, a rococo riot of gilt and blue, surmounted by a domed loge (mahfili), is quite Mogul in style. It is said to have been made in the city of Akn but one suspects that no one now remembers its true history.
Treasures of Etchmiadzin
After visiting the Cathedral, I was taken to its Treasury, which comprises the entire eastern end. Here the painted ceilings had kept their colour and served as an appropriate setting for case after case of richly jewelled reliquaries, sacred vessels in silver and gold, finely embroidered vestments, delicately painted manuscripts and magnificent tapestries. Never was the designation 'Treasury' more appropriately given. With predictable understatement Lynch observes, "The treasury and room of relics contain many interesting objects" although he does mention some of the more remarkable and comment on their exquisite workmanship. In 1982 an entire Treasury Museum, provided through the generosity of Alex and Marie Manoogian, was erected to the south of the new Residence of the Catholicos to display what couldn't be shown in the original Treasury. The late Catholicos Vazgen was a noted connoisseur with impeccable taste and much of the collection brought together in Etchmiadzin today is the result of his untiring efforts.
I knew that one of the most sacred treasures of the Armenian Church is the Soorp Adj, a richly bejewelled reliquary containing the mummified right arm of St. Gregory the Illuminator. Unfortunately this is now only brought forth once every seventh year to stir the Holy Myron, so I was unable to venerate it, although Lynch saw it "preserved in a silver gilt case". However, the Treasury contains a quantity of other right arms, including those of St. Thaddeus the Apostle and the Catholicos St. Hakob Mdzbna, all in richly worked arm-shaped reliquaries. Other relics which I found of particular interest were those containing a portion of Noah's ark and the Holy Lance, with which the centurion Longinus pierced the Saviour's side.
Lynch tells the story of St. Jacob of Nisibis who was seized with the desire to convince sceptics of the truth of the Biblical narrative of the Flood and to see for himself the beached Ark on the summit of Ararat. On several occasions the saint attempted the ascent of Mount Ararat but on each occasion fell asleep, exhausted by his efforts. When he awoke he found, much to his chagrin, that he had been miraculously returned to the point from which he had set out. Finally an angel appeared to him in a dream to warn him that the summit was unattainable to mortal men, but as a reward for his faith and pains, a fragment of the Ark was deposited on his chest. This was the portion now displayed in the centre of a jewelled cross set in a late seventeenth century reliquary.
For centuries a church, Araxilvank, and village marked the site of Noah's altar with the neighbouring Monastery of St. Jacob of Nisibis perched precipitously above them on the edge of a natural terrace. Lynch quotes from Parrot, an early nineteenth century traveller, who established his headquarters in the charming but lonely cloister. In June 1840 a terrific earthquake swept away both village and monastery and all that is now visible is a dint in the mountain range.
The Holy Lance comprises a rectangular, rather blunt iron lance-end, resembling a bricklayer's trowel. This too has a magnificent silver-gilt case with hinged doors, made in 1687. It had come from the Church at Geghard (the name Geghard means spear), some forty miles southeast of Yerevan. Unlike Lynch, I was able to visit the Church and Monastery with its magnificent rock-hewn churches and chapels. It was made doubly significant for me as I had not long before bought a CD recording of Armenian Church Music[4] in which some of the most beautiful hymns were recorded in the rock tomb of Prince Papak Proshian, carved in the thirteenth century.
Lynch attended vespers at the Cathedral but was quite unmoved by the glories of Armenian liturgy or sacred chants, "The strongly nasal chants hurt my unaccustomed ear, and I found it impossible to educate my sympathy into communion with this show".
Residence of the Catholicos
Catholicos Khrimean Hayrik received Lynch on several occasions and he has left us a good description of the official residence at that time:
"There is no style or pomp about the pontifical dwelling; and it would bear the same relation to the Master's Lodge at Trinity as a four-roomed cottage to a mansion. At the back is a little garden."
Lynch's first encounter with the Catholicos was in a formal audience before the enthronement ceremonies:
"We passed from this outer room into a chamber with a daïs at the further side; and presently the Katholikos entered and mounted the daïs, begging us be seated on two chairs which were placed on the floor below, but quite close to his own arm-chair."
He later provides a contrasting account of a private meeting:
"I found him reclining on a wooden couch in a bare white-washed apartment; a single rug was suspended upon the wall beside the couch. Such is the bed and such the furniture natural to the object of all this pomp, which I do not doubt is profoundly distasteful to such a character. He took my hand in his, and we sat together for some time …"
I was delighted to discover, therefore, that the old Residence has not only survived but has been left very much as a shrine to Khrimean Hayrik. Standing to the east of the present Residence, its west front is sheltered by trees, although the enclosed garden has now been extended to form part of a larger, well maintained garden that stretches between both buildings. Wide eaves and an overhanging window rise above its walls of pink and grey stones, whilst a broad flight of stairs lead to the spacious quarters upstairs. The throne with its footstool is still on the dais, but the ornate and sumptuously painted floral ceiling of this Presence Chamber is not mentioned by Lynch. The Catholicos' desk, covered in an oriental carpet and solid inkwells has the appearance of a desk left tidily at the end of one day and now awaiting the transaction of a new day's business. Elsewhere tapestries and vestments of great beauty are displayed, but overall there is a pervasive feeling of lightness and simple dignity.
St. Gregory's Prison
On one day I was taken to Khor Virap, the site of the fortress of Artaxata, where St. Gregory had been cast into a noisome oubliette and languished, truly forgotten, for thirteen years until King Trdat's sister had a dream in which it was revealed that St. Gregory alone could cure the King's lycanthropy. Poor Lynch had got within the shadow of its walls when he was rudely interrupted by the local commander of the Imperial Russian border police and forcibly conducted back to Yerevan, so he never saw this particular shrine. The monastery, within high walls, stands halfway up the side of a rocky protrusion from the flat plains surrounding. Immediately below its parapets one can trace the border with Turkey, whilst dominating the entire horizon are the mighty peaks of Ararat and its lesser mounts.
My descent into St. Gregory's pit was by a heavy iron ladder descending vertically into a stone hole in the wall of the little chapel. At last, having passed through much solid stone and penetrating the domed roof of the prison, the ladder changed angle and came to an end near the middle of the room. A single electric light bulb, for which I was most grateful, reminded me that St. Gregory had not enjoyed even that luxury. As my eyes grew accustomed to the gloom I saw high above in the roof a small hole through which St. Gregory had received his sole sustenance: a single loaf soaked in water and dropped down by the charity of a pious woman each day for the whole of his incarceration. It was probably the part of my pilgrimage, which had the greatest impact on me
When I later enquired if his benefactress' identity was ever known and whether she was reckoned among the saints of Armenia, I was told of a tradition which doesn't appear in any of the books I had read. Years later St. Gregory is said to have revealed that it was not a woman but an angel of the Lord. The saint himself only discovered this because on one day each year no food came. When he enquired it was explained that on that single day in each year the particular angelic cohort in which his visitor was enrolled was required to be on duty before the Throne of God.
After his release from prison and his conversion of King Trdat and the court, Armenia's pagan temples were systematically destroyed. One of these was the Temple of Apollo at Garni, a fortress overlooking a steep precipice to the east of Yerevan. Next to its ruins a church was erected. In course of time the church was thrown down by an earthquake and the Soviets, discovering that the temple's stones had been left where they had been thrown almost 1700 years before, reconstructed a perfect pagan temple. I was not entirely sure that St. Gregory would have approved of my visiting the one pagan monument which survived his efforts.
Armenia's Monastic Life
I joined the clergy at Etchmiadzin for several of their meals in the refectory. Priests and deacons all sat together on benches at a long table while jolly ladies, smartly attired in full caterer's togs, stood at the servery and dolled out first and second helpings whilst engaging in good-natured banter. Yoghurt and oatmeal soup, goat's cheese, green peppers and crisp bread were typical of the simple but delicious food. In Lynch's day the refectory had a place set for the Catholicos, though I rather suspect that His Holiness now eats in his own residence.
I spoke with Archbishop Nerses, the Chancellor, about the renewal of monastic life in the Armenian Church. I had visited the sites of several ancient monasteries but they had always been served by married priests. A number of monastic clergy were part of the regular Cathedral staff but the monastery at Etchmiadzin was clearly not functioning as such today. I spoke of the monastic revival in the Coptic Church and wondered if there were signs of something similar beginning in Armenia. He explained that the Soviet era had meant the total destruction of the monastic life in the Armenian Church and quite frankly admitted having lost the continuity it was now very difficult to restore an authentic tradition. The newly independent Armenian Republic had many problems to face in its transition from Communism to Democracy, not least in changing attitudes in society.
He regretted that many ordinands, however committed to the service of the church, now expected the material comforts the new society was gradually making available, such as motor cars, good housing, foreign travel and that these expectations did not engender monastic vocations. He thought that only when the first fruits of the prosperous life had been savoured and found still to leave the soul unsatisfied, would the ascetic life begin to beckon and the monasteries would be renewed.
I left Holy Etchmiadzin deeply impressed by the ability of the Armenian Church and people to survive whatever history has thrown at them. For an Armenian state to have come into being again after so many centuries was nothing short of miraculous. In 2001 Armenia is planning to celebrate the 1700th anniversary of its conversion to Christianity and there was no doubt that the Church had been the cement which has held the people together. It now faces a new challenge and needs to ensure that this newly established nation does not proceed on its journey with the church as a mere travelling companion. It needs men of profound spiritual authority and uncompromising integrity, bold witnesses to the truth like the great Khrimean Hayrik, and such men in the past have been formed in the cloister rather than the courts of princes. The renewal of the monastic life may still be the key to the renewal of the nation.
Having Lynch as my travelling companion had been helpful in giving me something by which to measure and compare what I encountered myself. He was a typical traveller of Britain's imperial era, but he had been so struck by the history and character of this ancient nation that he had written about 'Armenia' when it will still divided and subsumed into other states. I was told that in Turkey, Lynch's volumes are forbidden books, but its frequent reprinting has been because of the demands for it in the Armenian diaspora. Perhaps the strength of Armenia Travels & Studies lies in the fact that it is not just a nostalgic travel guide but has something of the prophetic about it. It is clearly time for a new Lynch.
ABBA SERAPHIM
The Glastonbury Bulletin, No. 99 (December 1998)
[1] H.F.B. Lynch, Armenia, Travels and Studies, (1901), in two volumes. Reprinted by the Khayat Book & Publishing Company S.A.L., (P.O. Box 11-1103, Beirut, Lebanon) 1965, 1967 & 1990.
[2] See the article on Armenian Architecture in the Foreword to the lavishly illustrated Treasures of Etchmiadzin (1984)
[3] I was told that these represented St. Gregory and Trdat III but Lynch quotes scholars who identified these as St. Paul and Thekla.
[4] The Music of Armenia, Volume I: Sacred Choral Music, Celestial Harmonies: 1995.
Please choose an article section below
Go to page... Glastonbury Review: Issue 127 Glastonbury Review: Issue 126 Glastonbury Review: Issue 125 Glastonbury Review: Issue 124 Glastonbury Review: Issue 123 Glastonbury Review: Issue 122 Glastonbury Review: Issue 121 Glastonbury Review: Issue 120 Glastonbury Review: Issue 119 --------------------------- Christian Spirituality in a Changing World One Lord, One Faith: Why Orthodox don't practice Open Communion On the Trail of Seven Coptic Monks in Ireland With Lynch to Holy Etchmiadzin The Coptic Orthodox Church under Islam Journey Into Artsakh Biographies of former BOC members The Divine Liturgy of Saint James An Introduction to the Liturgy of Saint James
Glastonbury Review Previous Issues
Glastonbury Review: Issue 127
On the Trail of Seven Coptic Monks in Ireland
The Coptic Orthodox Church under Islam
Journey Into Artsakh
Biographies of former BOC members
Liturgical Articles
The Divine Liturgy of Saint James
An Introduction to the Liturgy of Saint James
Theological Articles
Pastoral Articles
One Lord, One Faith: Why Orthodox don't practice Open Communion
Christian Spirituality in a Changing World
Miscellaneous Articless


Download OST Conversion Tool is best OST Conversion software in case of Outlook OST file corruption. This corruption issues solve with software and recover all OST emails items as Calendar, contacts, notes, task, attachments and others. OST Conversion Tool is advance OST Recovery Software for OST conversion from damage Outlook OST File and user perform multiple OST Conversion option on OST File. Convert OST File to Outlook is a good process for Outlook email client user. The OST converter software offers to user conversion file save as PST/EML/MSG.


24. Together Since Shirts and you can check out their other shirts, Here.
Check out our Anniversary Ideas for The Bedroom and our Anniversary Dinner Ideas!
These are so perfect! LOVE #27!
Oh my goodness these are all so cute!! And under $30 is speaking my language!
Awesome list! LOVE #38, my hubby and I are all about the hot chocolate!


text:
Jennifer Aniston & Justin Theroux Announced They've Separated
Share on Share on
Lil Pump in juvenile detention… Kanye West's Instagram page is unavailable… "Black Panther" is making records… Amy Schumer's surprise wedding… and Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux announced they've separated
Lil Pump is being held in juvenile detention after firing a gun in his San Fernando Valley apartment. According to his manager, the 17-year-old "Gucci Gang" rapper was home alone about 4 in the afternoon yesterday when three guys tried to break in through his front door. The manager says these guys fired a shot through the front door, but evidence shows the shot was fired from inside the home. That's when Lil Pump changed his story and said HE fired the shot out of fear. Police will go over surveillance video to see if there's any evidence of intruders. But in the meantime, they got a search warrant, went back and found an unloaded gun hidden in the bushes below the apartment's balcony and bullets inside the apartment. Shockingly, they also found marijuana. And now Lil Pump's mom is reportedly under investigation for child endangerment and for having an unsecured gun in the apartment.
"Sorry, this page isn't available." That's the message you get when you go to Kanye West's Instagram page. So if you were hoping to see all the photos of famous couples he posted for Kim Kardashian on Valentine's Day, you're out of luck! Kanye has deleted his Instagram AGAIN.
According to Fandango, "Black Panther" is now number four on the list of the biggest pre-sellers of all time. "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" is first, followed by "Star Wars: The Last Jedi," "Rogue One," then "Black Panther," and "The Hunger Games" rounds out the top five. Now, don't be buying the super-sized drink at the concession stand because your bladder might not be able to make it. "Black Panther" clocks in at 140 minutes. But then you MUST sit through the credits because there are TWO extra scenes in there. The first one comes about a minute or so in, but stick around because about five minutes later comes the second bonus scene.
Amy Schumer JUST publicly confirmed she was dating chef Chris Fischer at Ellen DeGeneres' 60th birthday bash, and then she turned around and married the guy! The couple have been dating since November, about six months after Amy announced her 2-year relationship with Ben Hanisch was over. A lot of Amy's celebrity friends were among the 80 guests present for the ceremony, which took place overlooking the ocean in Malibu — Jennifer Lawrence, Jennifer Aniston, Chelsea Handler, Jake Gyllenhaal, Larry David, Judd Apatow, and David Spade, just to name a few. They were married by actor John Early. Amy actually asked John to dress in drag as his character Vicky from the Netflix series, "The Characters." When making the announcement, Amy posted, "2 things. No I'm not pregnant. And no gifts but thank you for asking. Instead please consider a donation to everytown for gun safety….." Everytown is an organization that works to end gun violence in America. You can see lots of pictures from her wedding on Amy's Instagram page.
A post shared by @ amyschumer on Feb 15, 2018 at 8:53am PST
And just when I thought Amy Schumer's wedding would be the biggest story of the day, BOOM! Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux announced they've separated! They released a joint statement yesterday that said, "In an effort to reduce any further speculation, we've decided to announce our separation. This decision was mutual and lovingly made at the end of last year…..blah blah blah…Normally we would do this privately, but given that the gossip industry cannot resist an opportunity to speculate and invent, we wanted to convey the truth directly. Whatever else is printed about us but is not directly from us, is someone else's fictional narrative…." Jen and Justin started dating in 2011. They became engaged in August of 2012 and married in August of 2015.
See all Showbiz Top 5 stories
Who Is The Smartest?
The Valentine's Bet
An Overachieving Math Project
Different Types of Servers
Kim Kardashian & Kanye West are getting a divorce

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Super Blue Liriope is an improved variety of the more common Big Blue Liriope muscari that grows a bit taller and can tolerate more direct sunlight. This versatile ornamental grass can instantly transform any yard with its striking lavender-blue flower blossoms and fierce, spiky dark green foliage!
It features abundant flower spikes with blue-purple flowers that rise above its tufted grass like foliage in spring to summer. After the flowers bloom in early spring it is followed by clusters of black berries. This liriope is best used as a ground cover plant, border or edging plant, or in a mass planting.
This plant prefers moist, loamy soil and partially shaded areas, but will tolerate dry soil conditions once established. The liriope super blue is quite tough and is both heat and drought tolerant… it's also salt spray tolerant.
Its flowers bloom best in a sunny location and it will grow more green leaved grass in the shade. Make sure to provide well drained soils.
Liriope super blue can be grown in most of the United States. This fast growing liriope grows best in zones 5-11. Helps tackle weed growth and it generally very easy to grow. Can grow up to 18-24 inches tall and wide.
Shop the Super Blue Liriope for sale.
Once your Super Blue Liriope order is placed, we will ship your plant(s) within seven business days year round unless during the checkout process you request otherwise in the space provided to do so.
The easily grown, low maintenance Liriope is adaptable to most soil types and light conditions. It thrives in moist (but not soggy), fertile soils in part shade. It is drought tolerant once established, but should be watered regularly until then.
To ensure the proper nutrients are available for the life of your Super Blue Liriope, our proprietary Perfect Plants Special Blend Soil and a once yearly application of Nutricote Total 360 Fertilizer are great considerations for your new plants!
Its shipped very well, and adapted to my window sill very quickly. Healthy, no bugs, no disease. It comes in a small plastic 1 gallon pot. I personally divided the main bush into smaller pieces and lined a window box with them.
Love my blue liriopes planted in the garden beds by my house that I turned into flower beds. They line the border perfectly.


I'd forgotten that moment in the kitchen until I saw the scale listed in that excel spreadsheet - just one of many objects that had made up a life that was now disintegrating. Nan still recognised me as her Granddaughter then – only a simple reminder of which of the six ("Fiona, Alan's daughter") occasionally needed.
There was only a hint that afternoon of the daily misery and confusion the illness had brought her - small sad notes scattered around the room, written to no one, watered with tears in the middle of the night.
I'm from the UK and I live with my Danish husband in Luxembourg. I'm fascinated by culture and people's stories, and so I love living in a community with so many different nationalities. I work for Serve the City Luxembourg, a movement of volunteers, and I'm the Thursday Editor at SheLoves. I love gathering people together to celebrate and collaborate, and baking is my favourite spiritual discipline. I blog at fionalynne.com/blog and tweet at @fiona_lynne.


text:
Festival List
Pamela's Xmas in Africa
Article Contributed by mike | Published on Thursday, June 17, 2004
Grateful Web Sponsors
18th Annual Northwest String Summit Initial Lineup
Tue, 01/29/2019 - 1:19 pm
Wanee Comes to Revolution Live
Mon, 01/28/2019 - 11:37 am
Bill Frisell headlines the 8th Les Paul Festival
Tue, 01/22/2019 - 11:11 am
WIBTOBERFEST: 3rd Anniversary Celebration this Saturday!
Thu, 09/06/2018 - 8:26 am
Performance by The Fray Co-Founders to Benefit Make-A-Wish Colorado
Sat, 02/17/2018 - 1:51 pm
Grateful Hearts Unite for Hemp - 6/9/17
Wed, 05/31/2017 - 6:10 pm
Hard Working Americans Summer Tour
Wed, 07/06/2016 - 12:40 pm
12th Annual Midnight Preserves at Preervation Hall
Wed, 03/02/2016 - 11:48 am
Catch Gangstagrass at Cervantes Other Side | 7/10
Thu, 06/04/2015 - 1:45 pm
Decadence NYE: Tiesto Added to Global Dance Arena
Just Announced: Lambchop at Fox Theatre | 4|28|12
Fri, 02/03/2012 - 1:14 pm
Alberta Cross announce new EP; tour with Portugal The Man
Phish - Vermont Benefit Show Ticket Auction
The Game samples Guster on New Album
Fri, 09/02/2011 - 5:31 am
James Elkington & Nathan Salsburg Release Guitar Duo Album
Fri, 09/02/2011 - 12:30 am
Be A Part Of The Grateful Web
Grateful Web
May 17 at 4:52pm
Progressive jam giants Umphrey's McGee's return to Las Vegas for the seventh installment of the massively popular UMBowl production was marked once again by a stand-out tour closing dual evening extravaganza where all stops were pulled out and the power given directly to the fans, for better or for worse.
On June 24, Round Records & ATO Records will release GarciaLive Volume Six: July 5, 1973 – Jerry Garcia & Merl Saunders, the latest installment of the celebrated GarciaLive archival series. The three-CD set was recorded at the 200 capacity Lion's Share club formerly located in the small town of San Anselmo, CA, just 20 miles north of San Francisco. The performance features Jerry Garcia performing with friend, mentor and legendary keyboardist/vocalist Merl Saunders. The duo is joined by drummer Bill Vitt and bassist John Kahn, who soon became a lifelong Garcia collaborator.
COPYRIGHT © 1995 - 2019 GRATEFUL WEB, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
info@gratefulweb.com


text:
JavaScript is disabled in your browser. You must enable Active Scripting (JavaScript) to use this website.
ExtendedStudies
from the University of Nevada, Reno
Gaming Management
Academic Credit Options
KIDS University
GRE® Test Preparation
Fleischmann Planetarium
Osher Lifelong Learning (OLLI)
365 Learning
Online Executive MBA
Advanced Composite Manufacturing
Advanced Leadership Academy
Business Computer Skills
English for Non-native Speakers
Excellence in Nonprofit Management Institute
Graphics Professional
Human Resources Management Courses and Certificate Programs
Mediation and Conflict Resolution
Paramedical Studies Certificate
Public Management Certificate
Rural Nonprofit Management
Social Media and Digital Marketing
For your protection, your online session will time out in seconds.
Press OK now to continue your session.
Certificate in Entrepreneurship
This self-paced online certificate program introduces key issues in entrepreneurship for those looking to start a business on their own. What does it take to build and grow a business from scratch? What personal characteristics are shared by successful entrepreneurs? What types of resources are available to budding entrepreneurs, and where can you find them? Learners who complete this program will have the answers to these questions and others that are essential to the success of their businesses.
This certificate program consists of the following five self-paced courses:
Accounting and Finance for Entrepreneurs: Provides an introduction to key topics in accounting and finance for those involved in new ventures, including accounting basics, GAAP Principles and financial statements.
Business Law for Entrepreneurs: Reviews legal structures for a new venture, intellectual property, employment law, contracts, government regulation, and personal and real property.
Introduction to Entrepreneurship: Explores how entrepreneurs create and establish successful new ventures, reviewing key issues and activities involved in starting a new business, including the decisions that must be made before an enterprise can be launched and established.
Leadership and Management for Entrepreneurs: Reviews key managerial roles of self-management, planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling, and their application in entrepreneurial settings.
Strategic Marketing for Entrepreneurs: Reviews strategic issues and highlights the questions about market acceptance that must be answered during every stage of the entrepreneurial process.
Each course offers an assortment of interactive exercises, videos, selected readings, case studies and self-assessments that engage entrepreneurs and structure learning about their field. Students can expect to spend about five hours in each course. Each course has an "Ask the Expert" feature, which submits your questions directly to an expert in the field you are studying. Questions are answered as quickly as possible (usually within 24 hours). Participants must achieve average test scores of at least 70% to meet certificate completion requirements, and they will have three attempts at all graded assessments. Students will have one year to complete the certificate.
This program does not have any prerequisites or require additional purchases of supplementary materials. Participation in the program requires high-speed internet access and a valid email address.
Course Section
ADD TO CART TO SHOPPING CART
CPUR 300-00
Schedule Number:
2202WCPUR3002
Instructor(s):
Non-Credit
Refund Policy: Refunds may be requested (minus a 10% cancellation fee) up to five days from the purchase date. A 90% refund is only possible if requested within five days of purchase, and only if the student has completed less than 10% of the program content. No refunds will be issued after the five-day period or if more than 10% of the program has been completed.
This course must be completed within one year. After one year, program extensions may be purchased at an additional price.
Required Fees:
Registration $699.00
Career Development Course Guide (PDF)
Professional Development Staff
Redfield Campus, Nell J. Redfield Building A
18600 Wedge Parkway, Reno, NV 89511
ExtendedStudies@unr.edu
University of Nevada, Reno | 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557 | (775) 784-1110
Copyright | Privacy | Accessibility


Picus Verlag, August 2009, 212 pp.
This novel traces the love between Silvia Goralová and her childhood sweetheart Daniel Polák, separated in 1968 at the time of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and finally brought together again following the deaths of their mothers, almost forty years later. The story is set against a changing political backdrop, with characters and locations responding to the occupation and, in 1989, to the Velvet Revolution and the financial 'trappings' of the West. A dark element of child abuse within the Catholic Church provides the reason for Daniel's disappearance and, later, for the death of his brother Gregor and the murder of the village priest, Father Matúš. The story unfolds as Silvia discovers letters from Daniel, written following his disappearance and hidden from her by her mother Klára, as a result of a thirty-year feud with Daniel's mother Tereza.
Racing, or carrier, pigeons are a leitmotif: they bring characters together and their fundamental instinct to overcome all odds return to their mate, provides the basis for the love that is finally shared by Daniel and Columbina – the name he gives Silvia.
The author's personal experiences lend authenticity to the events of those times of transition, in all their shades from Soviet grey to the bright and gaudy moments that follow.
'Becker writes with compassion for her characters … her stories move and surprise.'– Die Presse, on Goodbye Galina.
Zdenka Becker was born in the Czech Republic and grew up in Bratislava. She studied at the School of Economics in Bratislava and at the Viennese Institute of Interpreting. It was in 1986 that she began to write in the German language and she has published both poetry and prose, some of which has been prize-winning. Her work has been published in Hindi and Punjabi, as well as in some Eastern European languages.
Berg (1994); Verknüpfungen (1995); Das einzige Licht die Mondfinsternis (1999); Die Töchter der Róza Bukovská (1996).


text:
Q: iPhone app that allows simultaneous playing of music to multiple devices The idea is to use each iPhone as a speaker for one track of music.
Picture it: you are in the park, having a picnic and you would like your music to be played louder. Why not sync all the iPhones to play the same song at the same time?
Does such an app exist?

A: Yes. You can use Airfoil, to stream music from your Mac using Airfoil for Mac to any iOS device with the Airfoil Speakers Touch app (free). It is as simple as turning on a speaker system, one button and you have the streaming audio from your Mac on your iOS device. I would highly recommend this!

A: I think Seedio and Seedio Free do what you want.

A: back in 2013, I was one of the co-founders of Audibly, wireless synchronized surround sound for iOS. I was kind of late to see this while googling something completely unrelated to the question, but I was like Hey, I built what he needs! This'll take a sec.
http://audibly.co
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/audibly-make-your-music-heard./id882170258?ls=1&mt=8
https://techcrunch.com/2014/06/11/audibly-turns-multiple-ios-devices-into-a-wireless-surround-sound-system/

A: Another reason why jail breaking is so amazing :) , jailbreak it and install airplayspeaker and there u go :) or there zillions of apps that do that to though I don't remember there names but airplayspeaker built in so why not take advantage of that

A: AmpMe on iTunes is built exactly for that reason. Check their website.
From what i can see, it supports both Android & iOS. Enjoy the party & picnic.
For Android users, here is the Google Play Store link.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: sending message to a Handler on a dead thread Google Admob Rewarded video I got this stacktrace while I came back to my activity from Google Admob's rewarded video screen after completing whole video. Its just warning, not crash.
onRewardedVideoAdClosed() method is called after watching video, but onRewarded() does not called. Any help??
  Handler (android.os.Handler) {5451758} sending message to a Handler on a dead thread
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743): java.lang.IllegalStateException: Handler (android.os.Handler) {5451758} sending message to a Handler on a dead thread
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.os.MessageQueue.enqueueMessage(MessageQueue.java:543)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.os.Handler.enqueueMessage(Handler.java:631)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.os.Handler.sendMessageAtTime(Handler.java:600)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.os.Handler.sendMessageDelayed(Handler.java:570)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.os.Handler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(Handler.java:534)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.os.Handler.sendEmptyMessage(Handler.java:519)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at jm.c(:com.google.android.gms.DynamiteModulesA:2142)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at ahf.f(:com.google.android.gms.DynamiteModulesA:638)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at avj.b(:com.google.android.gms.DynamiteModulesA:1343)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at avt.s(:com.google.android.gms.DynamiteModulesA:79)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at avl.onPageFinished(:com.google.android.gms.DynamiteModulesA:381)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at com.android.webview.chromium.WebViewContentsClientAdapter.onPageFinished(WebViewContentsClientAdapter.java:524)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at org.chromium.android_webview.AwContentsClientCallbackHelper$MyHandler.handleMessage(AwContentsClientCallbackHelper.java:188)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:148)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5443)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:728)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/MessageQueue(10743):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:618)
    06-06 09:29:00.378: W/ExoPlayerImplInternal(10743): Sent message(1) after release. Message ignored.

A: Recently I was working with Google AdMob Reward video. My app was crashing after reward video was displayed.
The actual reason was, the "onVideoClosed" callback gets invoked from the background thread and from the background thread I was mistakenly updating an UI element, which must be done via Main thread.
So, please check if there are any UI elements being updated by any means from background thread.

A: i got the same error when i was using ad reward in 2 activities.
I searched and found
http://qaru.site/questions/1677496/admob-android-rewarded-video-not-showing-sometimes
the easy way out is not using
 mRewardedVideoAd.destroy(this);
or
 mRewardedVideoAd.destroy(getApplicationContext());

in onDestroy()
even if in the official documentation it is written that you have to....


text:
video Most Popular
Analysis shows Leonardo was ambidextrous - 01:26
'Play It Loud: Instruments of Rock & Roll' exhibit set to launch at New York's 'Met' Museum - 01:06
Missing for a century, giant Galapagos tortoise is discovered again - 01:19
Greeks want two-year extension on bailout
June 21 - Greek leaders say they will ask their EU and IMF partners for a two-year extension to meet their bailout targets. Sarah Sheffer reports.
Greece's new government is asking lenders for more time. Greece says it needs two more years to meet the terms of the international bailout that is keeping the country from bankruptcy. The government will also seek to extend unemployment benefits and limit public sector layoffs. But analysts warn that it will be no easy task. (SOUNDBITE) (English) THANOS VEREMIS, POLITICAL HISTORY PROFESSOR FROM THE HELLENIC FOUNDATION FOR EUROPEAN AND FOREIGN POLICY SAYING: "We are already out of time. I mean these 40 days, or whatever it was between elections, have decimated the public sector, I mean it's not working. It will take a Herculean task to put it back in operation again." The conservative New Democracy party won the most seats in the new parliament on a promise to push through spending cuts imposed by European authorities. But after the vote, party chief Antonis Samaras said the euro zone's memorandum of understanding with Greece should be modified. European Union finance ministers are to meet in Luxembourg on Thursday to discuss Greece and the European debt crisis. Sarah Sheffer, Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/video/2012/06/21/greeks-want-two-year-extension-on-bailou?videoId=236120874&videoChannel=2602
Tiger Woods taking care, readies for British...


text:
Need legal advice? Call our team today 604.581.7001
Commercial Lending and Borrowing
Debt Collection and Creditors Remedies
Family Business and Succession Planning
Foreclosure and Personal Property Enforcement
Incorporation, Annual Reporting and Corporate Records
Non Competition and Non Disclosure Agreements
Purchase and Sale Of Business
Commercial Land Development
Construction Claims and Builders Liens
INSURANCE DENIALS
Accidental Death Claims
Critical Illness Claims
Mortgage Insurance Claims
ICBC Claims Process
Residential Conveyancing & Property Transfer
ESTATES AND TRUSTS LITIGATION
The Company Owner's Guide to B.C.'s New Transparency Register Requirements
Kent Chen
Effective October 1, 2020, private companies governed by the British Columbia Business Corporations Act will need to maintain a transparency register listing significant individuals of the company. These new measures are a part of the B.C. government's efforts to end hidden ownership of companies and to help counteract corruption, tax evasion, and money laundering.
The new transparency register requirements are legally mandated for all B.C. private companies. Therefore, companies will need to contact their shareholders to gather information about their ownership in order to prepare their transparency registers.
A basic understanding of how the transparency register requirements work and how one can determine whether an individual is a significant individual will assist companies to comply with these new transparency requirements.
Who is a Significant Individual?
The transparency register must list all significant individuals of the company. A significant individual is defined as an individual who has:
legal or beneficial ownership of 25% or more of the:
issued shares of the company; or
voting shares of the company;
indirect control of an intermediary[1] or a person that holds 25% or more of the:
any of the following direct or indirect rights or abilities:
the right to elect, appoint or remove a majority of the directors of the company;
indirect control of the right to elect, appoint or remove a majority of the directors of the company;
direct and significant influence over an individual with the right or ability to elect, appoint or remove a majority of the directors; or
any combination of the foregoing.
Interests or Rights Held Jointly
When two or more individuals jointly own one of the above interests or rights, then all those individuals are considered to be significant individuals and must be listed in the transparency register.
Interests or Rights Exercised in Concert
Also, groups of individuals who are acting in concert must add their interests together. If the group's combined interests or rights meet the requirements to be a significant individual, then the company must list every member of the group in its transparency register, as all individuals in the group are considered to be significant individuals.
Further, individuals who have the following relationships with each other must also be included on the transparency register if their combined interests or rights meet the requirements to be a significant individual:
spouses;
parents and children; or
relatives who have the same house.
To assist companies in identifying significant individuals we have created a worksheet for you to download.
Worksheet. Who is a Significant Individual
What information will be included in the transparency register?
The transparency register must contain the following information for each significant individual:
full legal name, date of birth and last known address[2];
whether or not the individual is a Canadian citizen or permanent resident of Canada;
if the individual is not a Canadian citizen or permanent resident of Canada, every country or state of which the individual is a citizen;
whether or not the individual is a resident in Canada for the purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada);
the date on which the individual became or ceased to be a signficiant individual in respect of the company; and
a description of how the individual is a significant individual.
In addition, transparency registers also track steps taken to obtain information from significant individuals.
Do you have to notify an individual once it is determined that they are a significant individual?
A private company must, within 10 days after indicating in its transparency register that an individual:
is a significant individual in respect of the company; or
has ceased to be a significant individual in respect of the company,
send a notice to that individual that sets out this fact and the prescribed information, if any.
Do shareholders have any obligations to provide information in respect of a transparency register of a company?
A private company may, at any time, send to a shareholder of the company a request to provide information for the purposes of maintaining its transparency register. After receiving such a request, a shareholder must, after taking reasonable steps to compile the requested information, promptly send to the private company the information that the shareholder was able to compile in respect of the transparency register.
What are the requirements for newly incorporated companies?
Effective October 1, 2020, newly incorporated B.C. private companies will need to establish a transparency register upon incorporation.
Who prepares the transparency register for my company?
If McQuarrie is the registered and records office for your company, then we have prepared a draft transparency register for you. Please follow the instructions we have enclosed.
If McQuarrie is not the registered and records office for your company, you may engage us to help your company comply with this mandatory requirement. As such, please email us at [email protected] with the following subject line: "McQ Is Not R&R: Need Assistance with the Transparency Register".
Who will have access to the transparency register?
Only current directors of the company, law enforcement and specific inspecting officials will have access to the transparency register, subject to certain rules. This means that the general public will not have access to the transparency register.
Where will the transparency register be located?
Generally, the transparency register must be held in each company's own records office alongside its other corporate records. It is not filed with any government (or other publicly accessible) registry.
Will I need to maintain and update the transparency register?
Yes, companies must keep their transparency registers up-to-date and must update their transparency register within 30 days of becoming aware of any new or different information.
In addition, a private company must perform an annual review of the transparency register and take reasonable steps to confirm that the required information is accurate, complete, and up-to-date.
What if I don't comply with the new transparency requirements?
Non-compliance with the new transparency requirements is an offence subject to possible fines of up to $50,000 for individuals and $100,000 for other persons.
What if I still have some questions?
We are here to help! If you have any questions or require assistance please email us at [email protected]
Please note that in order to accurately identify and describe significant individuals you may need legal advice. If that is the case, additional legal fees may apply.
Significant Individual Forms (blank)
The B.C. Registrar of Companies has also provided some useful guidance with respect to the transparency register.
We trust that this guide will help your private company (or companies) navigate the changing landscape of doing business in British Columbia.
[1] Intermediary means a corporation, partnership, agent, trustee or personal or other legal representatives. A chain of intermediaries, in relation to a private company, is a group of 2 or more intermediaries having a hierarchal relationship to each other in which each intermediary in the chain controls the intermediary below it, and the last intermediary in the chain (i) is the registered owner of one or more of the shares of the private company, or (ii) has the right to elect, appoint or remove one or more of the directors of the private company.
[2] According to the B.C. Registrar of Companies, individuals can list their business address as opposed to their home address on the transparency register as long as it is an address where the individual can be reached when required.
Recents News
5 Reasons Why Your Disability Insurance Claim Was Denied & What To Do
Demystifying Judges' Reasons
Protected: McQuarrie Internal Announcement
Commercial Contracts and Failed Real Estate Transactions
Preserve Your Wealth and Maximize Your Legacy
Fighting For Ellie – Long Term Disability Claim Denial
Subscribe For Legal News & Updates
Estates & Trusts Litigation
McQuarrie Hunter LLP
Suite 1500, 13450 102 Avenue
Suite 300, 1055 West Hastings Street
Vancouver, BC V6E 2E9 *
* By appointment only
©2020 McQuarrie Hunter LLP


text:
How northern Colorado mobile home dwellers were left behind after 2013 floods
By Micahel de Yoanna
KUNC Public Radio
In this Sept. 13, 2013, file photo Chris Rodes takes a break while helping salvage a friend's belongings after floods left homes and infrastructure in a shambles, in Lyons, Colo. When the flood waters in 2013 subsided, evacuees along Colorado's Front Range struggled to return to their homes. For mobile home owners, it was even tougher. Once a flood hits a mobile home park, an array of factors works against them ever reopening. That includes policies that drag out rebuilding and legal squabbles between landowners and officials tasked with charting recovery. (AP Photo/Brennan Linsley, File)
When the flood waters in 2013 subsided, tens of thousands of evacuees along Colorado's Front Range returned to see what happened to their homes. One of them was Amanda Anderson.
"All of it was just mud," Anderson said. "It was so dark in there because of the mud. It was like walking into a horror movie because it used to be so bright."
Her mobile home was trashed after the torrential September rains sent water crashing over the banks of the North and South St. Vrain creeks. Water rose at the confluence, flooding low-lying homes across the small mountain town north of Boulder.
Some homeowners returned, but that was never an option for Anderson and her neighbors at Riverbend Mobile Home Park. Their chances of a comeback were diminished before the first drop of rain hit the ground, according to Andrew Rumbach, an associate professor of urban and regional planning who studies mobile homes and natural disasters at the University of Colorado-Denver.
"You see a historical pattern in Colorado — and every other state — where low-income housing is often located on low-value land, which tends to be flood prone," Rumbach said.
Parked series
This project is the result of an ambitious, first-of-its-kind collaboration between the Greeley Tribune, The Colorado Sun and more than a dozen Colorado news organizations. Newspaper, online, radio and wire service journalists fanned out across the state to focus on the evolving landscape for mobile homes — Colorado's largest source of unsubsidized affordable housing.
Contributors to this project include: The Aspen Times, Associated Press, Aurora Sentinel, Colorado Sun, Colorado Independent, Cortez Journal, Delta County Independent, Durango Herald, Fort Collins Coloradoan, Fox 31-KDVR, Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, Greeley Tribune, KUNC, Montrose Daily Press, Ouray County Plaindealer and Steamboat Pilot & Today.
Read more stories in the Parked series.
Once a flood hits a mobile home park, an array of factors works against them ever reopening, he said. That includes policies that drag out rebuilding and legal squabbles between landowners and officials tasked with charting recovery. Even the idea that people who live in mobile home parks are transients is a factor, when they actually were long-time residents contributing to their communities.
All of those factors played out in mobile home parks after the 2013 floods. The state's "After Action Report," published in 2015, tallied 1,882 structures as destroyed. But it did not provide a breakdown of the homes lost in mobile home parks, where many of the flood's most economically vulnerable lived. That's an important detail to know, Rumbach said.
"By virtue of living in a mobile home park and not having claim to that land, your voice in the recovery in many ways was reduced," Rumbach said, adding that many mobile home parks are communities in themselves and if parks didn't reopen, entire neighborhoods were lost.
In just three communities — Lyons, Evans and Miliken — the researchers tracked the destruction of 273 mobile homes, most of which were never rebuilt or replaced because parks failed to reopen.
Riverbend's owners converted it into an outdoor wedding venue with overnight lodging — tiny homes that can be wheeled away in case of another flood.
In 2013, photo Amanda Anderson stands on the porch of her new house in Lyons, Colo.Her mobile home was destroyed during historic flooding and she was not able to rebuild it when Riverbend Mobile Home Park subsequently shut down. When the flood waters in 2013 subsided, evacuees along Colorado's Front Range struggled to return to their homes. For mobile home owners, it was even tougher. Once a flood hits a mobile home park, an array of factors works against them ever reopening. That includes policies that drag out rebuilding and legal squabbles between landowners and officials tasked with charting recovery. (Michael de Yoanna/KUNC public radio via AP)
Such closures and conversions made it harder for displaced mobile home park residents to actively participate in rebuilding their communities.
"We saw, even if they were displaced an hour away into a different community, their ability to travel and advocate for themselves during the recovery was much lower because they have a much higher burden in terms of work and in terms of the cost of travel," Rumbach said.
He added that "communities were often able to treat mobile home park residents as something of an other, as existing outside of the community."
Anderson felt the sting of such judgment at times. She recalled one moment at a town recovery meeting not long after the flood: "Someone had made a comment and she referred to us as trailer park people and every mouth dropped, like, 'Did you just say that?'"
During it all, Anderson held out hope that somehow she would rebuild her tiny oasis with its apple tree, raspberry bushes, garden, and neighbors always ready to lend a helping hand.
"It was my gypsy wagon down by the river," Anderson said. "I was going to stay there forever."
In this Sept. 13, 2013 file photo local resident Fred Rob sits in the doorway of his home, destroyed by floods which left his town in a shambles, in Lyons. When the flood waters in 2013 subsided, evacuees along Colorado's Front Range struggled to return to their homes. For mobile home owners, it was even tougher. Once a flood hits a mobile home park, an array of factors works against them ever reopening. That includes policies that drag out rebuilding and legal squabbles between landowners and officials tasked with charting recovery.(AP Photo/Brennan Linsley, File)
The 1976 Skyline mobile home was also Anderson's hedge against the Front Range's skyrocketing housing costs that have climbed even higher since the floods struck Lyons. As a mom studying art at CU-Boulder and working at a coffee shop, she secured the place with her savings and a little bit of bargaining. Anderson's lot fees for the mobile home park were just $430 a month in a town where rentals are hard to find and can cost three to five times what Anderson was paying.
Town Administrator Victoria Simonsen said the loss of mobile home parks was a hit on the economy. "Our community is really feeling the impacts of not having a working class," she said. "Our main street has more openings now than it did in the last recession and businesses are saying we have no workers."
Although the town's Board of Trustees has made affordable housing its No. 1 goal, since the flood, Simonsen said achieving that goal "has been very, very challenging in our community."
In 2015, residents of Lyons voted on a measure that would have created 60 affordable housing units to offset the loss of about four dozen mobile homes. Voters were asked if they would convert five acres of a 25-acre park into a neighborhood where those homes would be built. The measure lost narrowly as opponents campaigned for the cause of open spaces and parks.
"It was devastating," Simonsen said. "It was the low point of the recovery for me."
In late August, workers were putting the finishing touches on baseball fields where that neighborhood would have been.
In 2013, photo Lyons, Colo., Town Administrator, Victoria Simonsen looks at a area map of properties that were destroyed or damaged during catastrophic floods in 2013. When the flood waters in 2013 subsided, evacuees along Colorado's Front Range struggled to return to their homes. For mobile home owners, it was even tougher. Once a flood hits a mobile home park, an array of factors works against them ever reopening. That includes policies that drag out rebuilding and legal squabbles between landowners and officials tasked with charting recovery. (Michael de Yoanna/KUNC public radio via AP)
One block off Main Street, the foundations of houses are tell-tale, raised as a defense against any future floods. Next to some of those houses sit vacant lots. Homes there were demolished when owners took federal buyouts that bar homes from ever being built in the flood-prone areas.
Those who owned houses were eligible to receive the pre-flood market value of their losses. Mobile home park residents typically received less, the mere salvage value of their destroyed homes. Anderson said her recovery money was helpful, but paying high rents in Lyons ate up a lot of it.
This summer, she finally got that forever home to call her own in Lyons. Boxes sat unopened on the floor. A few of her paintings adorn the walls. Anderson sat in her kitchen, saying how grateful she felt.
"This is completely odd to me," Anderson said.
This is the first time she has lived in a new home. It's a cozy, 1,200-square-foot condo.
"I feel like I live in a mansion," Anderson said, adding that she feels lucky because a lot of the former mobile home park residents she knew left the region to find somewhere they could afford.
Her home, and five others like it, were built by the local Habitat for Humanity. They represent a small dent in the town's need for affordable housing.
Simonsen wants to make a bigger dent. She has her eyes on a parcel high above the floodline, with a great view of the mountains. It was set aside long ago for potential development. Now the town has stepped in with the goal of turning it into a neighborhood of affordable homes, much like the one that voters killed in 2015.
"This is it," Simonsen said.
This is the last big recovery project on her long list — an array of 40 single- and multi-family affordable homes. Ground is expected to break later this year. The first door should open to a family next year. Simonsen is working with developers to see that mobile home park residents displaced by the 2013 floods get first consideration, if they're interested in coming back.
Support local journalism. Read more from KUNC.


text:
Home Tourism Rebounding, however not recovered: Rowan County tourism begins difficult path towards normalcy...
Rebounding, however not recovered: Rowan County tourism begins difficult path towards normalcy – Salisbury Publish
SALISBURY – With COVID-19 restrictions easing, more people vaccinated, and several major events scheduled for the remainder of the year, James Meacham said the Rowan County's tourism industry is starting to recover.
While the industry is on the right track, Rowan County's tourism director said it is still a long way from recovering. In this case recovered would mean something close to the tourism industry's record year 2019, when the state generated better tourism revenues than ever before.
The stark contrast between the state's impressive 2019 and the pandemic-ravaged 2020 was highlighted in the Annual report on tourism spending published last week by the NC Department of Commerce. The report shows that domestic travelers spent $ 19.7 billion in the state in 2020, a 29.5% decrease from 2019 when domestic travelers spent a record $ 27.9 billion. International travelers spent just $ 268 million in 2020, a drop of a whopping 79.4% from 2019.
Federal, state and local taxes generated by travelers in 2020 were $ 3 billion, down 26.6% year over year. State tax revenue from domestic visitor spending decreased 26.4% in 2020, and local tax revenue decreased 21% to $ 906.4 million.
With fewer travelers visiting the state and spending money, many tourism-dependent businesses are reducing their seasonal and full-time employees. In 2020, North Carolina direct tourism employment decreased 26.4% to 178,700 and direct tourism payroll decreased 24.5% to $ 6.4 billion.
Figures released by the state showed the impact the pandemic had on the North Carolina tourism industry, but the impact on Rowan County won't be fully known until the county-by-county report is released later this year.
Meacham said he expected Rowan County's 2020 numbers to decline from a record $ 174 million in 2019 sales. Meacham said he was more optimistic about the numbers for 2021 as restaurants, hotels and cultural centers have started welcoming more guests back.
When local tourism picks up again, companies face several challenges in getting back to normal. Local hotels, for example, will continue to work out of a financial hole caused by the pandemic.
"At that time last year properties were down 50-60% (sales) on average, and now you're looking at 15-20%," Meacham said. "These are still significant losses. If you went down from 60% to 20%, you went up 40% but decreased 20%. That's a lot of what we see. "
From the start of the pandemic through the end of March, Meacham said the hotel sector alone lost $ 6.3 million in revenue and is well on its way to losing just over $ 7 million by June 30.
Cultural institutions try to return even from large loss of income.
"If you look at our major institutions like the Piedmont Players, Salisbury Symphony, Waterworks, Lee Street Theater and the Historic Salisbury Foundation, program revenue has lost well over $ 1 million in this current period," said Meacham.
Like many industries across the country, Meacham said, hotels, restaurants and cultural institutions are also struggling to hire staff.
"We have a labor shortage in some companies that want to recover, whether they are the transportation museum and employees or a hotel trying to get workers to come back," Meacham said.
Kelly Alexander, director of the NC Transportation Museum, said the facility has currently lost four full-time positions. While the museum has been busy enough lately to warrant hiring these positions, museum officials are waiting to see if a steady source of income continues, according to Alexander.
"You want to be able to have everyone there, but then you don't want to put yourself in the position where if something happened and there was a setback, you'd have to roll back," said Alexander.
Meacham said he noticed that some chain restaurants are offering incentives to recruit workers, while hotels have started to step up their recruiting efforts through targeted hiring events.
Local hotels and restaurants will continue to support their staff as some of the county's busiest tourism months draw near.
The Cheerwine Festival, pushed back from its original May 15th date, will take place downtown on September 18th. The festival, Meacham said, provides brand awareness for the city and is likely to generate over $ 1 million in visitor and consumer spending.
The ever-popular Day Out With Thomas at the NC Transportation Museum will take place on weekends from September 24th to 26th and October 1st to 3rd this year. Between the day trip With Thomas and the museum's Polar Express train ride, which will run from mid-November to mid-December, the county has seen a $ 8 million increase in tourism-related spending.
Meacham mentioned the Fall Anniversary, canceled last year, and the October tour, which went virtual last year, as fall events that could bring additional tourism spending back to the county.
The goal for all tourism-dependent businesses and non-profit organizations is to return to 2019.
"We try to have the best possible experience for people and to make them feel comfortable when they visit," said Alexander. "Everything that has to do with tourism is the same for all of us. We all want to go back to 2019. "
normalcy
Previous articleBuffets lacking in lots of resorts, some mark restricted return in Stateline eating places
Next articleIs it moral for cruise traces, venues, colleges or Broadway to limit entry to folks not vaccinated towards COVID-19?
https://tuckertourismnews.com
Might marks first month since pandemic Orange County didn't must dip into tourism tax reserves
Tourism in Haines is at 25 % of a typical summer time, says administration, however tour operators and companies are making due | KHNS...
Maui Including New Tourism Tax as Traveler Numbers Proceed to Rise
Vermont's Tourism, Hospitality and Occasions Group | Information
The Woman Raiders area hockey cruises previous league opponent Bourne
Eloro Assets Intersects 129.6 Grams Silver Equal per Tonne over 257.5m...
The places of the island and the "Single's Inferno" motels are...


Nedbank Personal Loan consist of two types of personal loan 1. Unsecured personal loan and Secured Personal loan which uses pension or provident fund as security.
This entry was posted in Personal Loans and tagged loans, nedbank, nedbank contact details, nedbank loans, nedbank personal loan, nedbank personal loan balance, nedbank personal loan calculator, nedbank personal loan calculator online, nedbank personal loan email address, nedbank personal loan interest rate, nedbank personal loan online, nedbank personal loan rates, nedbank personal loan settlement, personal loan, Secured Personal Loans, Unsecured personal loan. Bookmark the permalink.


Having dealt with many estate agents over the last few weeks, I have to say Tyler's come up trumps in terms of their genuine customer service.
Tylers were professional and efficient. Advert went live on the same day of instruction. The communications with me has been effective too. The team of Chloe, Ryan and Eva were nice to deal with and helpful as well as being thorough to cover all aspects. They offer bespoke service which is priced reasonably and clearly in their terms of business. I am very satisfied with their professional assistance and will use again in the future. Highly recommend!
Thanks so much for letting me know and thanks to you and the rest of the staff at Tylers for looking after us during a very stressful few years of our lives. We're so thrilled to be settled at last and getting the deposit back with just that one deduction reassures us that all our efforts to care for the house were recognised!


Siletz Tribal (Alcohol and Drug Program) in Siletz, Oregon is an alcohol rehab center focusing on substance abuse treatment services. Providing substance abuse treatment and a halfway house or sober living home with outpatient care.
Call now 1-800-304-2219. The following article is a list of treatments for drug and alcohol addiction in Siletz, Oregon.
Siletz Substance Addiction Treatment Centers … the fact that we believe in holistic alcohol and drug rehabilitation. … able to help those in Siletz, Oregon.
Find the the best-rated drug rehabs and alcohol addiction treatment centers in Siletz, to help you with a successful recovery program.
Holistic Substance Rehabilitation Madras Oregon Contents Holistic rehabilitation treatment Holistic rehab centers 8 alcohol and drug Call lives saved Holistic drug holistic call 1-800-304-2219. this hazelden betty numbers and over Oregon Holistic Treatment Recovery Centers. … and many people in the state of Oregon are living with untreated substance abuse issues. … Madras (1) McMinnville (3) We're Here To Help.


text:
Twee koffers is een hoorspel naar het toneelstuk Les valises (1974) van Yves Navarre. Het werd in datzelfde jaar ook in hoorspelvorm door France Culture uitgezonden. Hélène Swildens vertaalde het en de TROS zond het uit op woensdag 13 oktober 1976, van 23:00 uur tot 23:52 uur. De regisseur was Harry Bronk.

Rolbezetting

Guus Hermus (hij)
Bep Dekker (zij)

Inhoud

Een man en een vrouw komen binnen in een huis. Beiden hebben een koffer bij zich. De man is de 55-jarige chirurg Antoine Dupérin, de vrouw is zijn 50-jarige echtgenote Elise. Het huis is eigendom van hun zoon Julien, een jonge auteur. Hij heeft hun verzocht daar te komen, met in hun koffer voorwerpen die hij op een lijstje heeft gezet. De koffers gaan open en de voorwerpen worden eruit genomen, waarmee zich het hele leven van het echtpaar aan ons openbaart. Elk voorwerp vertegenwoordigt een episode uit dat leven. Tegelijk horen we het gesprek tussen de man en de vrouw, die in feite nooit een echtpaar zijn geweest. Het wordt duidelijk dat deze man en vrouw volkomen naast elkaar leven. Tijdens deze dialoog zijn twee andere personen onzichtbaar aanwezig: Julien, hun zoon, maar ook de grootmoeder, de moeder van Antoine, die een grote rol gespeeld heeft in het stranden van dit huwelijk. Toch kan niet worden ontkend dat deze twee mensen elkaar liefhebben. De tragiek evenwel is dat deze twee wederzijdse liefdes nimmer samensmolten tot een huwelijksliefde…

Hoorspel van de TROS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Member Login / Renew
Supercar Fest
29 Aug 2021, 30 May 2021, Events
After the huge success of Supercar Fest in 2019 we are introducing our new event in 2021, Supercar Fest: The Runway. Join us on Sunday 30th May 2021 (bank holiday weekend) for an action packed day at Sywell Aerodrome in Northamptonshire, just 15 mins from J16 of the...
Ragley Hall Classic Car Show
30 May 2021, Events
For over two decades the Ragley Hall Classic Car Show has been a proven favourite amongst the Club's annual events. Come and join us on Sunday 30 May for another great day out. In the last few years the Club has hosted over 60 members cars on display, and once again...
Practical Classics Classic Car & Restoration Show
11 - 13 Jun 2021, Events
New Summer Dates for 2021! We are delighted to announce that Practical Classics Classic Car & Restoration Show, with Discovery, will now take place 11-13 June 2021. Due to the on-going COVID situation we feel this new timeline will give us the best opportunity to...
Weymouth Fish and Chip Run
19 Jun 2021, Events
The annual Lotus Drivers Club Fish and Chip run was started 9 years ago in 2012 with the first few runs to Hunstanton. The event has grown in popularity each year since, in 2017 visiting Llandudno for the first time and Weymouth the following year in 2018. This year...
Camp CarFest
23 - 25 Jul 2021, 27 - 29 Aug 2021, Events
We are excited to be attending Camp CarFest North and Camp CarFest South, both of which are fully socially distanced 3 day festivals. In 2021 CarFest will be celebrating its 10th Birthday! CarFest is the UK's biggest family fundraising festival in the UK - raising...
The Classic – Silverstone
30 Jul - 1 Aug 2021, Events
Tickets for The Classic 2021 are now on sale and fans who book their tickets within the first week will be in with a chance of winning some incredible prizes. All those buying tickets before midnight on Friday 9 October will automatically be entered into a Golden...
Classic Team Lotus Tour
16 Oct 2021, Events
Following the popularity of our sold out 2020 tours of the new Classic Team Lotus workshop and facilities in Hethel, we are excited to be able to offer members further organised tour dates in 2021. The exclusive 2-hour guided tour by Richard Parramint will take place...
Scalextric Grand Prix
Don't suffer the winter doldrums - join us for some alternative track action. Join us for the increasingly popular LDC Scalextric Grand Prix at the Warmington Village Hall, Mollington Lane, Church Hill, Warmington, OX17 1BX from 10:00am on Sunday 31 October 2021. This...
NEC Classic Motor Show
12 - 14 Nov 2021, Events
Come along and see the Lotus Drivers Club in Hall 1 at our favourite season show finale. The Lancaster Insurance Classic Motor Show, with Discovery, which brings together a great array of classic car and motorcycle clubs along with their iconic classic and vintage...
Lotus Winter Driving Academy ❄ You don't u
We don't know about you but we can't wait to go ba
@alpine_cars and @lotuscars to co-develop a new el
We've introduced a new exciting and fun event for
Happy New Year! Let's hope we get to do a little m
A memorable experience and one very special 25th a
@360nuerburg is a 334-page hardcover coffee table
Inside Issue 120 👆🏻 Available to members and
 Lotus Drivers Club
The Club's philosophy is embedded in our name – to get members and enthusiasts out and driving their Lotus at every opportunity. So, whether you want to make new friends, create amazing memories or just get advice on how to get the most out of your car, then the Lotus Drivers Club could be just the club for you.
 Areas
Avon (S Glos), Cheshire, Derbyshire (Midlands), Devon & Cornwall, East Anglia, Hertfordshire, Kent & E Sussex, Lancashire & Cumbria, Lincolnshire, Scotland, South Wales, West Wales, Warwickshire (Midlands), Wessex, Yorkshire
 Chicane Magazine
Our well supported magazine Chicane, is produced by a team of dedicated editors, writers and photographers. Currently published three times a year, Chicane features a wide range of content, advertorials and adverts. The magazine has been recognised and recently shortlisted at the prestigious National Car Club Awards.
 Contact Us
Lotus Drivers Club
GL15 9AZ
info@lotusdriversclub.org.uk
© 2021 Lotus Drivers Club. All rights reserved.
#forthedrivers


There are a lot of kids who will eat nothing but pasta. Imagine if they helped you manufacture the pasta themselves, watched the strands appear, then saw those same strands on their plates for dinner? Wouldn't they feel special, knowing that their own little hands created their dinner? Wouldn't they feel — I don't know — needed?
Well pasta dough relishes some kneading too. So let's get to it.
You might have heard of semolina flour. It is yellower than the flour used for bread, and coarser. This is the official flour used for making pasta. What is so special about it that makes it suitable for pasta, where the regular bread wheat is not?
Semolina is made out of durum wheat, a different species than bread wheat. This one has a somewhat different gluten. It is very strong (stronger than bread wheat) but not as elastic. When I first heard that it was a revelation to me. One can see that in the substance of pasta itself. It can definitely hold its shape, but doesn't expand — can you imagine a spongy spaghetti filled with air bubbles? I can't. There's your durum. Strong gluten, but not elastic.
– it is entirely composed of endosperm, which in any seed is the starchy part that would form the food of the new plant, if it were to germinate (think egg white).
Although you could make pasta with a simple rolling pin, it is so much easier, if you are in the mood to splurge, to go buy a hand-cranked pasta machine. Plus that means a kid can crank the handle, feed the dough in, choose shapes, and have a great time. My kid certainly did and she doesn't even like pasta.
Put in a bowl: one and three-quarters cup semolina flour for four dinner portions; half a teaspoon salt, and stir with a fork. Make a well in the center and break three eggs into it.
Stir the eggs to break the yolks, and gradually start pulling in the dry semolina. When the middle part of the semolina is more or less moistened, and quite wet, it is time to use your fingers and upper body strength. You might want to put the dough out onto the counter as well.
This dough comes together relatively easily. Could it be the strong gluten? Keep pushing the dry bits into the center of the dough to integrate them; if you need to add a few drops of olive oil to add moisture, you can; or add a spoon or two of extra dry flour if too sticky. The dough should be integrated, smooth, and only a little tacky.
Leave it aside for about half an hour, covered.
Divide up the dough into even sized pieces. Flatten each piece and send it through the pasta machine while cranking it. You will start with size 1 (where the rollers are at their widest). What comes out will be a thick sheet approximately rectangular in shape. Send it through again with the next size up: 2.
Sometimes you will see that the sheet comes out with a few rips in it. My guess is that the gluten wasn't developed enough. Perhaps not enough kneading, or not enough waiting after kneading. This happened to me, but I solved it by folding over one of the rectangles two or three times, and then sending it through, thus kneading again, by means of the pasta machine.
Oh — and dust with dry flour once in a while, so the sheets or noodles don't stick together!


Content Is King, Design Is Queen, Conversation is the Life!!!
Digital Marketers have for long spoken about Content & Design. Great content leads to increased interactions, curiosity & excitement. Design started to gain importance when marketers began focussing on how it user interface & user experience played an important role in Content Marketing. This led to the prominent title – Content is King & Design is Queen.
Now i want to introduce the third element that's crucial for brands in the Digital Space. These are CONVERSATIONS. While Content & Design are planned forms of communication to showcase a promotion, Conversations are those that happen in real-time to enhance & build buzz about your Brand, Product or Service. Conversations use Content & Design to grasp chaos & hence contribute to overcome the limitations of social media platforms which are mostly used as mere publishing platforms.
Unlike Content & Design, Conversations are the ones that give Life to the Brand. They enable brands to create Brand Personality when they connect with their customers. They facilitate in building a community that can amplify their buzz on their own favorite social media platforms. This allows for cross channel social media marketing.


I love Paris and I'm so jealous of you! These pictures are beautiful!
Lovely pictures, I'm adoring the touch of the necklace into the outfit.
Parisul frumos.. amintiri si pentru mine..
LOVE your boots and knee highs in the photos! 🙂 Looks like you had a blast!
Superbe poze :)!cred ca aproape toate femeile sunt cucerite de farmecul Parisului.Te pup!


text:
Search from the page
Alvar Aalto Museum
Studio Aalto
The Aalto House
Muuratsalo Experimental house
Säynätsalo Town Hall
Alvar Aalto's life
The story behind the form
Alvar Aalto and Unesco World Heritage
Alvar Aalto research
Alvar Aalto Cities
Alvar Aalto Medal
Maire Gullichsen Prize
Virtual exhibition: Diverse Design
Exhibition: Architect Elissa Aalto
Architecture and design education
Architectural heritage
for groups by appointment
Touring Exhibition: Architect Elissa Aalto
Design Center PROTO
12:00 and 13:00
12:00, 13:00 and 14:00
Paimio chair
This armchair is named after the Paimio tuberculosis sanatorium in Southwest Finland. The chair was designed by Alvar Aalto at the same time as the sanatorium and it was chosen for seating in various places including the sanatorium common room. The chair was shown to the public for the first time at an exhibition of standard products held in conjunction with the Nordic Building Forum in Helsinki in 1932.
The armrests and the legs of the chair, the rings, were made by bending thin slats of solid timber to shape in a mould. The rings for the first Paimio chairs were made in beech. The raw material for the seat was birch-ply and once the beech of which the rings were made had been replaced by birch in 1934, the chair could be marketed as: 100 % Finnish, as far as invention, raw materials and manufacture are concerned.
Alvar Aalto 1932
Huonekalutehdas Korhonen Oy
Paimio chair. Photo: Maija Holma, Alvar Aalto Museum.
Aino Aalto in Paimio chair. Photomontage, 1930s. Photo: Alvar Aalto Museum.
Paimio chairs in Paimio tuberculosis sanatorium in 1930-su. Photo: Gustaf Welin, Alvar Aalto Museum.
Paimio Sanatorium
Paimio, Finland
The building completed in 1933 as Paimio Sanatorium was of key importance to the international career of architects Alvar and Aino Aalto.
2.12.2021 - 30.6.2023
The exhibition offers an opportunity to take a peek at selected objects from the private collector Pertti Männistö's unique Aalto collection.
The website uses cookies. Some functions of the website require the use of cookies in order to function, in addition to which we collect user data for the development of the website.
You can specify your consent to cookies from settings.
This website uses cookies. The cookie information is stored in the browser and the information is used to identify the user. On this page, you can change the way you allow or deny the use of cookies.
Necessary cookies are essential in order to use certain functions on the website.
If you disable the necessary cookies, certain functions on the website will not work. In addition, we will not be able to save your prohibition on the use of cookies and will have to ask again later.
The site uses Google Analytics, which we use to analyze visitor numbers and site usage. Google Analytics associates this information with its own user data in accordance with its own privacy policy.
By accepting third-party cookies, you allow access to this information.