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Appetite and Its Discontents
Science, Medicine, and the Urge to Eat, 1750-1950
Elizabeth A. Williams
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Why do we eat? Is it instinct? Despite the necessity of food, anxieties about what and how to eat are widespread and persistent. In Appetite and Its Discontents, Elizabeth A. Williams explores contemporary worries about eating through the lens of science and medicine to show us how appetite—once a matter of personal inclination—became an object of science.
Williams charts the history of inquiry into appetite between 1750 and 1950, as scientific and medical concepts of appetite shifted alongside developments in physiology, natural history, psychology, and ethology. She shows how, in the eighteenth century, trust in appetite was undermined when researchers who investigated ingestion and digestion began claiming that science alone could say which ways of eating were healthy and which were not. She goes on to trace nineteenth- and twentieth-century conflicts over the nature of appetite between mechanists and vitalists, experimentalists and bedside physicians, and localists and holists, illuminating struggles that have never been resolved. By exploring the core disciplines in investigations in appetite and eating, Williams reframes the way we think about food, nutrition, and the nature of health itself..
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416 pages | 10 halftones | 6 x 9 | © 2020
History: History of Ideas
"An exceptionally well-researched and detailed examination of appetite as an object of scientific and medical inquiry. Despite its strict focus on disciplinary debates, the gendered dimensions of appetite, particularly appetite disorders, is afforded attention throughout the book. Williams is careful to comment on the oppressive aspects of health as defined by scientific medicine and the potentially stigmatizing effects for those who deviate from normative frameworks. Graduate students and scholars interested in medicalization and healthism would benefit from reading this work. Fat studies scholars may also find this book of interest as Williams discusses the shifting conceptualization of 'obesity' and the drive toward thinness as a marker of health and well-being."
Food, Culture & Society
"Deeply researched. . . . [Williams] has written what is undoubtedly the most comprehensive account of scientific and medical thinking since the Enlightenment about appetite. Her book is clearly and elegantly written, prodigiously researched and copiously referenced. It should be essential reading for historians of science, medicine and food."
Social History of Medicine
"Williams displays remarkable skill and encyclopedic knowledge in mining the output of scholars and practitioners in a wide range of fields for their thought and research on appetite. . . . Williams's book is carefully researched and that she has provided a great resource for anyone interested in expanding the history of appetite, or anyone interested in related fields such as the history of nutrition."
British Journal for the History of Science
"This fascinating book, magisterial and yet accessible, opens up broad questions about human life and culture through a careful focus on the meaning of appetite as a central, albeit often ill examined, 'natural' human drive. . . . Chapter by elegant chapter, the author elucidates contextual changes and deftly illustrates significant arguments through focused analyses covering Hippocrates and Aristotle through 20th-century psychiatry and psychoanalysis. The limitations set by the author for cogent analysis scarcely limit the connections that will reward readers, from central themes of gender and identities to relationships of appetite and larger systems of production and consumption, especially as she poses questions linking these historical processes to contemporary issues that permeate science, medicine, and Western culture more generally. . . . Rewarding and stimulating. . . . Recommended."
"Excellent. . . . A fascinating commentary on the current state of thinking as regards questions of appetite. . . . Appetite and its Discontents is a work to be celebrated not only by historians of medicine but by many others besides. . . . [Williams's] work represents something like an invitation to further research and discovery, encouraging expansion and curiosity."
"The narrative covers not only a broad swathe of time, but a huge range of disciplines impinging on the activity of eating. . . . The text is copiously referenced and well written in a solidly factual style. It will appeal to those interested in how something we all intuitively think we understand is actually very hard to pin down."
The Biologist (UK)
"A magisterial historical overview of research on the physiology and psychology of hunger. [Williams] makes clear how this long history continues to inform modern approaches to eating, and her book is essential reading for anyone interested in either historical or contemporary notions of appetite. . . . Williams sketches an unusually broad and inclusive arc of medical inquiry into an ephemeral sensation that precisely resisted the kind of disciplinary classification that its researchers frequently tried to bestow upon it. Readers will become intimately familiar with the plurality of investigators, methods, and texts that comprise appetite's fascinating history. . . . This book thoroughly impresses with its ambitions, scope, and execution. Williams has certainly achieved her primary goals. She vividly illustrates the convoluted historical processes by which appetite became an 'object' for scientists and physicians from numerous disciplines to investigate and ultimately control. Perhaps even more significantly, she suggests how an awareness of the many contested philosophies and approaches employed to understand the fickle sensation of hunger may help restore a freedom to modern appetites increasingly governed by scientific rigidity and expert advice."
New Mexico Historical Review
"What kind of phenomenon is appetite? Is it a natural thing or something driven by the availability of culinary luxury? Can be appetite be trusted as a guide to good eating or something that should be moralized or managed? . . . [Williams] records thinking that saw (and still see) appetite as a division or union between mind and body, questions what is normal and what is pathological, and asks is appetite a personal responsibility or something we can turn over (or blame) on dietetic authorities. Eventually and inevitably, she comes to examine attitudes toward obesity, with wide ranging theories including glandular, pathological fat tissue, maladies of nutrition, heredity, or habit."
"Williams has written a fascinating and comprehensive history of the efforts of Western science and medicine to elucidate the functions and dysfunctions of appetite from the eighteenth century to the present. Her analysis of the myriad disciplinary and clinical studies on this elusive entity yields new and important insights into the evolution of methods and experiments on hunger and eating in medical and scientific practice against the background of the dramatic changes in the food supply over time. This deeply learned history has lessons galore for all us contemporary eaters."
Robert A. Nye, Oregon State University
"There is no equivalent scientific history of appetite available today. This book is the product of immense and extraordinarily wide-ranging research and it provides an important public service: it shows the narrow historical limits of current frames for thinking about appetite and obesity, and vividly brings alive other ways of thinking which once held sway. I strongly recommend it."
Dana Simmons, University of California, Riverside
Part One Anxieties of Appetite: Created Needs in the Enlightenment, 1750–1800
Introduction to Part One
1 Why We Eat: The Ancient Legacy
2 "False or Defective" Appetite in the Medical Enlightenment
3 Human and Animal Appetite in Natural History and Physiology
Part Two The Elusiveness of Appetite: Laboratory and Clinic, 1800–1850
Introduction to Part Two
4 Perils and Pleasures of Appetite at 1800: Xavier Bichat and Erasmus Darwin
5 The Physiology of Appetite to 1850
6 Extremes and Perplexities of Appetite in Clinical Medicine
Part Three Intelligent or "Blind and Unconscious"? Appetite, 1850–1900
Introduction to Part Three
7 The Drive to Eat in Nutritional Physiology
8 The Psychology of Ingestion: Appetite in Physiological and Animal Psychology
9 Peripheral or Central? Disordered Eating in Clinical Medicine
Part Four Appetite as a Scientific Object, 1900–1950
Introduction to Part Four
10 Psyche, Nerves, and Hormones in the Physiology of Ingestion
11 Appetite and the Nature-Nurture Divide: Eating Behavior in Psychology and Ethology
12 Somatic, Psychic, Psychosomatic: The Medicine of Troubled Appetite
Epilogue: Appetite after 1950
Extreme Measures
Brian K. McNab
The Science of Walking
Andreas Mayer
Wallace B. Mendelson
The Republic of Color
Michael Rossi


Washington City Paper: Wait, Bernadette Peters Is Gonna Be In Follies? OMG, For Reals?!?
TBD: Could Kim Cattrall upstage Bernadette Peters in 'Follies'?
This article can be linked to as: http://washingtondc.showbizradio.com/goto/5488.


Beer garden season in Bavaria starts in May and lasts till October. There is a countless variety of beer gardens to choose from. Traditionally they are organised under big chestnut trees, which provide perfect shade in the summer. Thousands of people, locals and tourists alike spend lots of time there with friends.
Beer gardens also serve excellent Bavarian food, like different kinds of sausages or grilled fish. You can also bring your own picnic with you. Various beer gardens serve different kinds of beer, but whatever you try you can rest assured it will be delicious. In the southern part of Bavaria people love beer gardens, while in the North they prefer beer cellars.
Around 180 beer gardens can be found in Munich. The largest of them is Munich's Hirschgarten, which can cater around 8,000 people. It's the largest in Europe, but luckily it's not as loud as you may expect. Due to its location, close to the main park, the atmosphere is quite calm. One more attraction there is a deer pen, where you can also feed animals.


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Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ehu/dfaeii/8770.html
Competitive Pressure and Job Interview Lying: A Game Theoretical Analysis
Midjord, Rune
We consider a job contest in which candidates go through interviews (cheap talk) and are subject to reference checks. We show how competitive pressure - increasing the ratio of "good" to "bad" type candi- dates - can lead to a vast increase in lying and in some cases make bad hires more likely. As the number of candidates increases, it becomes harder to in- duce truth-telling. The interview stage becomes redundant if the candidates, a priori, know each others' type or the result of their own reference check. Finally, we show that the employer can bene t from committing not to reject all the applicants.
Midjord, Rune, 2012. "Competitive Pressure and Job Interview Lying: A Game Theoretical Analysis," DFAEII Working Papers 2012-14, University of the Basque Country - Department of Foundations of Economic Analysis II.
Handle: RePEc:ehu:dfaeii:8770
File URL: https://addi.ehu.es/handle/10810/8770
Sylvain Bourjade & Bruno Jullien, 2011. "The roles of reputation and transparency on the behavior of biased experts," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 42(3), pages 575-594, September.
Bourjade, Sylvain & Jullien, Bruno, 2011. "The roles of reputation and transparency on the behavior of biased experts," MPRA Paper 34813, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Glazer, Jacob & Rubinstein, Ariel, 2001. "Debates and Decisions: On a Rationale of Argumentation Rules," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 158-173, August.
A. Rubinstein & J. Glazer, "undated". "Debates and Decisions, On a Rationale of Argumentation Rules," Princeton Economic Theory Papers 00s7, Economics Department, Princeton University.
Glazer, J. & Rubinstein, A., 1997. "Debates and Decisions: On a Rationale of Argumentation Rules," Papers 17-97, Tel Aviv.
Emir Kamenica & Matthew Gentzkow, 2011. "Bayesian Persuasion," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(6), pages 2590-2615, October.
Emir Kamenica & Matthew Gentzkow, 2009. "Bayesian Persuasion," NBER Working Papers 15540, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Emir Kamenica & Matthew Gentzkow, 2009. "Bayesian Persuasion," NajEcon Working Paper Reviews 814577000000000369, www.najecon.org.
Grossman, Sanford J, 1981. "The Informational Role of Warranties and Private Disclosure about Product Quality," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 24(3), pages 461-483, December.
Lipman Barton L. & Seppi Duane J., 1995. "Robust Inference in Communication Games with Partial Provability," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 66(2), pages 370-405, August.
Wei Ding & Elmar G. Wolfstetter, 2011. "Prizes and lemons: procurement of innovation under imperfect commitment," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 42(4), pages 664-680, December.
Ding, Wei & Wolfstetter, Elmar G., 2009. "Prizes and Lemons: Procurement of Innovation under Imperfect Commitment," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 262, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
Heidhues, Paul & Lagerlof, Johan, 2003. "Hiding information in electoral competition," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 48-74, January.
Paul Heidhues & Johan Lagerlöf, 2000. "Hiding Information in Electoral Competition," CIG Working Papers FS IV 00-06, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG), revised Feb 2002.
Paul Milgrom & John Roberts, 1986. "Relying on the Information of Interested Parties," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 17(1), pages 18-32, Spring.
Paul R. Milgrom & John Roberts, 1985. "Relying on the Information of Interested Parties," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 749, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
Vijay Krishna & John Morgan, 2001. "A Model of Expertise," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 116(2), pages 747-775.
Krishna, V. & Morgan, J., 1999. "A Model of Expertise," Papers 206, Princeton, Woodrow Wilson School - Public and International Affairs.
Vijay Krishna & John Morgan, 1999. "A Model of Expertise," Game Theory and Information 9902003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Vijay Krishna & John Morgan, 1999. "A Model of Expertise," Working Papers 154, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Discussion Papers in Economics.
Archishman Chakraborty & Rick Harbaugh, 2010. "Persuasion by Cheap Talk," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 100(5), pages 2361-2382, December.
Archishman Chakraborty & Rick Harbaugh, 2006. "Persuasion by Cheap Talk," Working Papers 2006-10, Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, Department of Business Economics and Public Policy, revised Oct 2009.
Shin Hyun Song, 1994. "The Burden of Proof in a Game of Persuasion," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 253-264, October.
Sher, Itai, 2011. "Credibility and determinism in a game of persuasion," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 409-419, March.
Jacob Glazer & Ariel Rubinstein, 2004. "On Optimal Rules of Persuasion," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 72(6), pages 1715-1736, November.
job contest; cheap talk; commitment;
D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
L20 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - General
NEP-GTH-2012-10-20 (Game Theory)
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keyboard_arrow_left Residencies
Pathology Residency Program
Program Director: Joseph A. DelTondo, DO
Accreditation: ACGME
Program: Combined Anatomic Pathology (AP) and Clinical Pathology (CP)
Program Length: 4 years (PGY1-PGY4)
Total Residents: 12
Quick links for this program
Hello! and welcome to the AP/CP residency program here at Allegheny General Hospital, part of the Allegheny Health Network. The network is comprised of several smaller community hospitals throughout western Pennsylvania. Allegheny General Hospital and West Penn Hospital serve as the two largest tertiary-level teaching hospitals within the network, having an academic affiliation with the Drexel University College of Medicine. Our program is an integrated 4-year residency with balanced anatomic and clinical pathology rotations. Our focus is on a well-rounded resident training experience in all aspects of pathology. Residents here are exposed to a wide variety of cases across all areas of pathology.
Department volumes continue to rise and average between 35,000 surgical specimens, 18,500 GYN cytology cases, over 8000 non-GYN cytology cases, and approximately 2000 FNAs. Autopsy numbers range between 75-100 per year. These numbers provide a solid combination of routine and challenging cases to learn from.
With more than 17 faculty on site, the department has a diverse mix of subspecialty interests, levels of experience, and teaching styles. This combined with didactic lectures and direct one-on-one teaching, provide a unique learning experience for our residents and fellows.
Our program currently has a complement of 12 total residents. We are planning to accept 3 residents in the upcoming Match. Due to the current pandemic, all interviews will be conducted virtually. Our website contains additional information about our program. Please feel free to email us with any additional questions. Thank you for the interest in our program and we look forward to meeting you!
About Graduate Medical Education
The Pathology Residency program is part of the Graduate Medical Education (GME) opportunities offered by the AHN Medical Education Consortium. Learn more about Graduate Medical Education.
Joseph A. DelTondo, DO
Program Director, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Angela Sanguino, MD
Associate Program Director, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Sue Pish
Coordinator, Pathology Residency and Fellowship Program
Spish@wpahs.org


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2011 Lake Plan Revisions
Town of Huntsville Zoning By-law
Submitted by lwrawebmaster on Sun, 12/15/2019 - 14:52
Huntsville Zoning By-Law
The Council of the Town of Huntsville passed the new comprehensive zoning by-law at its meeting of June 2, 2008. The LWRA Board of Directors participated in the public input process, guided by the existing Lake Plan, and are pleased that most of our suggestions have been incorporated in the new by-law.
A significant change was been made with regard to residential zoning. Previously, properties were zoned as either "Residential" or "Seasonal Residential". Under the new by-law there are 6 categories of residential occupancy and 5 categories under the new "Shoreline Residential" class, with SR1 being the least restrictive and allowing the highest density of development and SR5 being the most restrictive. Residential properties fronting on the four lakes have all been zoned SR5.
The general requirements of SR5 zoning are as follows: The minimum size of a lot is the size of that existing lot as of June 2, 2008. That is, no further subdivision of properties will be allowed, no matter what the size of the existing property. Development will only be allowed on existing vacant lots provided they are greater than 1,350 sq. meters (14,530 sq. ft).
Preserving the existing mix of lot sizes meets the requirements of the District of Muskoka Official Plan by averaging the overall human impact on the lake:
"D.19 The Area Municipalities will establish a variety of lot sizes and frontages reflective of environmental constraints. In particular, waterfront lots should be of sufficient size to accommodate the use proposed, related structural requirements and private individual services. In addition, waterfront lots should be sized and designed to recognize environmental, man-made or other influences including soil, terrain, water quality, fish habitat and waterbody constraints among others."
The minimum frontage allowed for a lot is the frontage that exists on that lot as of June 2, 2008 and development will only be allowed on lots with frontage greater than 29 meters (95')
In all cases, the minimum setback from the water is 30m (100'), which contains the "shoreline buffer zone". A shoreline buffer extends across a minimum of 75% of the waterfront at a minimum depth of 15m (50') measured from the shoreline. The lands located within a shoreline buffer are to be maintained in a natural state except for the removal of dead and decaying vegetation and a 2m. (6.6') wide pedestrian pathway from the dwelling, building or structure, to the shoreline.
Setbacks from the side lot lines are 6m (20'), from the rear is 10m (33'), from cold water streams is 30m (100'), and from warm water streams is 20m (66').
Maximum building height is 9m (30'). Maximum lot coverage is 5%, including no more than 3 roofed accessory structures (eg: boathouse, bunkie, woodshed, garage, etc.) The permitted uses are a single detached dwelling or an artisan's studio. A home occupation is also permitted provided that the use is at least 30m (100') from any waterway and a Bed and Breakfast is permitted on lots over 1 hectare (2.5 acres), provided it is located at least 30m (100') away from any waterway. Other commercial uses are prohibited.
A dock must comply with the minimum required side yard of the zone or the projection of the lot line perpendicular to the shoreline where it meets the shoreline, and have a maximum projection into the water of 15 metres (50') from the high water mark.
A boathouse or boatport is permitted provided it does not exceed 100 square metres (1,076 sq ft.) in floor area, 10m (33') in width and complies with the minimum required side yard of the zone, as above. If it is covered by a flat roof used as a private open sitting area, it must be located twice the minimum side yard requirement from the lot line and have a safety railing or partial wall not exceeding 1.5m (4.9') in height. The private sitting area may not contain any other walls or other structures. A dryland boathouse must be set back at least 30m (100').
A pumphouse may be located near the water, provided it does not exceed 2m (6.6') in height or an area of 9 sq. m. (97 sq. ft.). An unenclosed deck is permitted within the required yard abutting a shoreline, provided it does not exceed 30 sq. m. (323 sq. ft.) in floor area, is located no closer than 5m (16') from the shoreline (except where such deck is attached to a dock) and the deck floor is no more than 1 metre (3.3 feet) from the grade below it. The maximum cumulative width of all shoreline structures (eg: boathouse, pumphouse, deck, dock, gazebo, etc) is 15m (50') or 25% of the lot width, whichever is less.
One freestanding gazebo is permitted within the required yard abutting a shoreline, provided it does not exceed 15 sq. m. (161.4 sq. ft.) in floor area and may be located on a dock. An outdoor sauna or hot tub is permitted provided it is a minimum of 20m. (66') from the front lot line,does not have a total floor area greater than 9 sq. m. (96.9 sq. ft.). The minimum side yard requirement is twice the minimum side yard requirement.
The maximum number of shoreline structures shall be limited to a dock and boathouse/boatport and one additional shoreline structure. However, a shoreline structure may include more than one use in combination (e.g. a hot tub within a gazebo or a pumphouse within a boathouse). A second dock may be permitted as the second shoreline structure. The maximum height of an accessory building is 4m (13') except a garage which may be 2 stories, provided the upper story does not exceed 60 sq. meters (645 sq. ft), the height does not exceed 7m (23') and the setback is at least 6m (20') from the side and rear lot lines.
The upper story of the garage may serve as a bunkie, or "private cabin", and as such may contain sanitary facilities, but not cooking facilities. One such private cabin is allowed per lot, provided the lot is greater than 4,000 sq. meters (1 acre). A bunkie may not exceed 60 sq. meters (645 sq. ft.) and may not be closer to the shore than the main building.
A walkout from a basement that is 1.5m. (4.9') below the finished grade to a maximum width of 20% of the building width or 4m. (13') is not included in when considering usual height requirements. Put another way, if your walk-out exceeds 20% of the building width or 13' or is more than 4.9' below grade, the height is considered part of the total building height. Radio/television towers and flag poles are not subject to any height restrictions.
Where a legal non-complying building is damaged, destroyed, or demolished, the reconstruction of the building is restricted to its original footprint, building size, height and location provided reconstruction occurs within 2 years. After 2 years, the new structure must comply with the zoning requirements. The expansion of or addition to a legal non-complying building is permitted provided it is not more than the height of the original structure and it complies with all other provisions of the by-law.
Similarly, legal non-conforming uses may continue provided that they are restricted to the existing size of the facility.
Where a lot is in a Shoreline Residential Zone and abutting or traversed by a seasonally maintained public or private road, a use, building or structure may be used on such lot in accordance with the provisions of the zone.
A trailer, recreational vehicle or boat must be stored at least 100' back from the waterfront. The use of tents, trailers and recreational vehicles for human habitation is prohibited except for the occasional accommodation of guests, provided that a detached dwelling exists on the property. Tents for children's play, picnics, weddings, family reunions, or other similar private functions are permitted.
No parking is permitted within 3m (10') of a street line.
Book traversal links for Town of Huntsville Zoning By-law
‹ Information and Reports relating to the health of the Lakes
Protection of Environmental, Developmental and Social Elements ›


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How large is Skyrim?
I was wondering, if I were to run around in a world like this, how much I would need from one corner of Skyrim to the other far diagonal corner end to the other in kilometers/miles.
There is already a study on large game worlds, but a bit outdated.
It mentions Oblivion there, so it might be a reference point.
How large is the world of Skyrim in real life?
Is there a reliable method, theoretical or empirical, to measure it?
the-elder-scrolls-5-skyrim
DrFishDrFish
Well other than Todd Howard saying that the world is larger than Oblivion and the largest they have ever made, I don't know of anything. – Holger Nov 30 '11 at 11:18
He would not have said that, because it is not true. Most detailed world, perhaps, but it doesn't even begin to approach the size of the map in Daggerfall. (I think Arena may have been even bigger, covering the entire Empire, but I never played it, so I'm unsure.) – Dave Sherohman Nov 30 '11 at 14:38
It's possible he's not counting Daggerfall's map as "made", as it was almost wholly procedurally generated. The other games of course use some procedural generation as well, but as tools to help artists/designers make "empty" space faster. I would be surprised if more than 0.1% of Daggerfall's area had any kind of human touch. – user2640 Nov 30 '11 at 17:47
@Holger: I recall Todd Howard saying it's "the most ambitious project" and it has "more content than any previous game", but for game world size, the only thing he mentioned is that it's "not smaller than Oblivion". Which, for the playable area, is about right. It's roughly the same size. – Martin Sojka Nov 30 '11 at 18:59
What that article didn't mention was FUEL which is the largest non-procedural map I've played - 14,400 square KM (5,560 square miles). It was generated from satellite data, IIRC. It took a guy from Rock, Paper, Shotgun 8 hours straight driving to circumnavigate the map: rockpapershotgun.com/2009/06/22/… – Alan B Sep 9 '12 at 19:52
Skyrim's heightmap is rectangular and uses 119 x 94 = 11186 in-game "cells". The engine uses the same cell size as in Oblivion, Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas - 57.6 metres (63 yards) to the side, 3317.76 m² (3 969 square yards) of area. The full map thus has an area of about 37.1 km² (14.3 square miles). Around a quarter of this is not playable, stuck behind invisible borders.
The playable area is roughly the same as the one in Morrowind and Oblivion and less than one thousandths of Daggerfall's size.
In addition, the game features a good part of the surrounding area of Tamriel as low-quality "fake" terrain meshes.
For comparison, the heightmaps of Skyrim (upper left corner), Morrowind (upper right corner) and Oblivion (lower left corner) look as follows, to scale (courtesy of Lightwave from Bethesda's forums).
Most of Oblivion's heightmap is not playable, while most of Skyrim's and all of Morrowind's map can be visited in game.
Martin SojkaMartin Sojka
Daggerfall has procedural terrain, which is practically the same thing over and over again. Apples and oranges. – DrFish Nov 30 '11 at 11:57
@Bora: Oblivion has procedural terrain too (I can't tell for sure for Skyrim and I don't remember for Morrowind). The only difference is that it's "backed" in the editor, not generated by the game on the spot. – Martin Sojka Nov 30 '11 at 12:01
@Martin well the problem is a mountain that can be 'walked up' in 1-2 hours is really just a hill, can't be called a mountain :P – l I Nov 30 '11 at 12:57
@MartinSojka alternatively - use a horse! – Raven Dreamer Nov 30 '11 at 14:12
Of course, none of this takes into account the amount of space provided by dungeons/caves/etc – Chris Rasys Nov 30 '11 at 17:16
According to the wiki, your running speed is 17.3 f/s. That means you run at about 11 mph. If the total area of the map was 14.3 miles, you'd be able to get from any point to any point in less than two game hours. You don't. It's a ten hour trip from Windhelm to Whiterun, for example. (Providing of course you play with the default time scale, of course)
If it were a real map, or everyone had the same size screen and resolution, it would be easy enough to eyeball the distance between the above mentioned cities, and call that 110 miles. Although your results may vary, I can guestimate that the longitudal distance of Skyrim is about 400-600 miles, and the latitudinal distance about 800-1000 miles. So, just as a rough estimate, the province would be somewhere between 320,000 miles, squared and 600,000 miles, squared.
For comparison, if we split it in the middle, Skyrim is about the size of Alaska.
Adding the time scaling is ruining your math. If you change distance proportionate with the time scaling, that means the Dovahkiin is over 100 feet tall. – SevenSidedDie Oct 15 '13 at 3:38
No, it doesn't. It would if you used a 1=1 time scale. (In which case, you could circumnavigate Skyrim in about 2.5 hours, which would make Skyrim a little less than 20 miles squared. If you use the default time scale, the Dovahkiin is between 5'6" and 6'4", depending on race. – user57246 Oct 15 '13 at 5:20
The 17.3 f/s you cite is using real seconds, not game seconds. You can't equivocate measurements in real per-seconds with game per-seconds because they're different units. If you're going to measure distance in game-hours, you have to use feet-per-game-second, and in that case the Dovahkiin runs about 0.87 feet-per-game-second or about 0.59 miles-per-game-hour. Unless, of course, you're trying to extrapolate the size of a "real" Skyrim based on the time scaling factor, in which case you're simply off-topic - this question is about the playable size, not its fictional size. – SevenSidedDie Oct 15 '13 at 5:38
Yeah, I didn't realize there was a difference between "playable size" (which would be measured in how many boxes there are in the construction set) and "fictional size" (which is what I was answering.) Actually, the opening question does say the poster wanted to know how big it would be in miles/kms, so I take it he's asking fictional area. – user57246 Oct 15 '13 at 5:46
+1 because this answer actually does answer the question and does so quite well. The fact is that there are multiple ways to measure the size of the world and they are not consistent with each other. – Thomas Sep 23 '15 at 19:22
Well, if you take Blackreach into account, Skyrim is a tad larger than either Morrowind or Oblivion, seeing as Blackreach itself is about the size of a single hold, if not even larger.
CanoemanCanoeman
protected by Community♦ Jun 8 '14 at 17:03
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Is a horse actually faster than running?
Fallout Map Size in "Game Cells"
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Keep Your Pet Safe During Holiday Fireworks With These Great Tips!
This video may be about 4th of July, but its message is relevant all year long! With New Years Eve approaching, some may decide to celebrate with fireworks, which can be a headache for pet parents. Is your pet wary of fireworks? Watch this awesome video for some useful tips that will ensure that your pets will be safe and sound this holiday! Happy New Years Eve, stay safe!


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Talivittaticella nuda är en mossdjursart som beskrevs av Gordon 1993. Talivittaticella nuda ingår i släktet Talivittaticella och familjen Catenicellidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


However, we have been commissioned on work as far afield as Norfolk, Suffolk and Devon, so feel free to ask for a quotation.
We have worked with many individual clients and builders who refer their clients to ConstructAid to prepare the plans and design aspect of the development. You can read more about us on the About Us page.
Further fees for submission of plans to the Council, copying fees, etc.
THE LIST CAN BE ENDLESS!
Council fees (and occasionally, such fees as water authority fees are also payable and are additional). If there are any less usual additional fees payable, we will advise you.
If you want a firm quote, we will be happy to conduct a free site survey. If you do not wish for us to proceed at that stage we will walk away and you will pay nothing. If you do get quotations from others, do ask them to quote for ALL THE FEES they will charge so you can make a good comparison.
You can Email ConstructAid via the Contact Us page for further advice. The link to our About Us page gives more information on ConstructAid and a brief outline of how to find your way around the ConstructAid website. Outside resources can be found on our Links page.


Ellie Johnston, Climate and Energy Lead for Climate Interactive, led the World Climate simulation in Nairobi to initiate our diffusion of the model-based role-play exercise in Africa, to lead up to 2016 UN climate change negotiations in Marrakech, Morocco. Here is her report.
Last year we set an ambitious goal for ourselves to reach 10,000 people worldwide with the World Climate Exercise by the end of the Paris Climate Talks in December. We surpassed that goal and now have our sights set higher. This year the UN climate talks will be held in Marrakech, Morocco. We plan to place particular emphasis on reaching audiences in Africa ahead of these negotiations. In addition to reaching more people than ever with our UN climate negotiation exercise World Climate.
Three weeks into January and I arrived in Nairobi, fresh from the Climate Interactive annual staff retreat, not quite sure what to expect. There we pulled off our first international training workshop in World Climate. We partnered with our system dynamics colleague Professor Ddembe Williams of KCA University in Nairobi, the System Dynamics Chapter of Africa, and Linking Industry With Academics. The week before the event we didn't know how many people to expect or even if this sort of event would draw much interest. Using our loose network of contacts in the Nairobi area—people who had enrolled in our Climate Leader series, expressed interest in World Climate previously, and others—word began to spread about the event and the RSVPs began to pour in. Our initial hope of having 20 people in attendance was exceeded and the day of the event, when we counted who was in the room, we saw that we had exceeded 40. Most of the attendees came from the Nairobi area and were either students or coming from community organizations working on climate change. There were a handful of professors, a couple people that made it from Tanzania, and a group that joined us from the UN Environmental Program (UNEP).
The day began with everyone participating in the World Climate Exercise. I divided the group into those representing the US, EU, China, India, Other Developed Countries, and Other Developing countries. They reviewed the briefing statements and set to work setting their plans and proposals. At first, there wasn't much discussion between the groups. Then plenary presentations happened and everyone got a sense of the positions and saw when we entered them into C-ROADS that they were insufficient to reach the goal they had set out of keeping global warming to well below 2°C and aiming to keep it below 1.5°C.
The team representing China stood up and made a case for why China was a developing country that couldn't contribute much to the Green Climate Fund and to reducing emissions. This was met by a burst of laughter across the room, as people pointed out that China had much more economic power and ability to take action than most and should not categorize itself with the other developing countries. Indeed Chinese investment and demand for resources has been driving economic growth across Africa in recent years.
The last group to present their position was the Other Developing countries, they argued that they weren't going to do anything until they got $100 billion in financing from the Green Climate Fund. This also elicited strong reactions across the room. In the debrief after the exercise many highlighted the divergent opinions about the actions of the other developing countries. Some felt developing countries should expect financial support from developed countries to address climate change, while others disagreed and felt like they needed to take action themselves and not wait on developed countries to provide support. What plays out in the real world will inevitably be a mix of the two. There may be some support from developed countries but it will be inadequate for what is needed and developing countries will need to put their own resources into taking on this challenge. Fortunately addressing climate change is not a zero sum investment, shifting to low carbon energy sources like wind and solar provides multiple benefits. It reduces air pollution, provides an energy source that doesn't require a steady supply of extracted fuels that need to be imported, and once the infrastructure is paid for, energy can be generated at no cost.
After debriefing the exercise and grabbing some lunch, we returned for a discussion about what had happened at the Paris climate talks and how the agreement that they had created in the morning compared. This was followed by a look at the what people need to run the World Climate Exercise themselves.
Many expressed interest in more training and resources. I hope this is the first of many events to come as we gear up for the next round of climate change negotiations and seek to make the pledges that countries have put forward and the actions they are taking much stronger.
If you are interested in keeping updated about our emerging work in with the World Climate Exercise in Africa please email me at info@climateinteractive.org.


text:
Q: integers and uiimage in uipicker view i currently have a uipicker with two components. The first contains images and works fine, the second however requires integer values.
Is this possible since the following callback method returns a UIView type not integer? Surely there must be a way around this?
-(UIView *)pickerView
any help would greatly be appreciated, many thanks

A: this?
- (UIView *)pickerView:(UIPickerView *)pickerView viewForRow:(NSInteger)row forComponent:(NSInteger)component reusingView:(UIView *)view
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    }'
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pomfret School Blog
Writings & Photography by the Pomfret Community
← What is Project Pomfret?
A Postgraduate Experience →
Posted on April 10, 2014	by Pomfret School
by Grace Carapezzi '14
…Our lives are truly simple. We are formed from love and crafted by DNA. I am the result of an ex-Cincinnati Reds baseball player and a struggling actress, who happened to fall in love on 58th Street in New York City. Their dreams were once clear, but changed simply, unscheduled, unexpected, just new beautiful dreams on a city sidewalk. I have had many dreams in this life as well. When I was seven, I wanted to be a veterinarian and save sick animals. However, after a few months of this goal I realized that I'm terrified of any animal besides dogs and the Geyers' dog actually proved me wrong on that too. Age nine, I wanted to play for the women's US Olympic Soccer team, but my corner kicks could barely make it off the ground and I have pretty bad asthma: Cross that off the list. A few years later and until this day, I have had a dream that I will be the editor and chief of Italian Vogue, but I have also yet to accept that I do not speak a word of Italian and don't have a great eye for grammar. However, amongst all of these ambitions, the one, most significant dream I have had yet was three and a half years ago, after I sent my application into Pomfret.
I was thirteen years old when I stepped onto the Hilltop. My family sacrificed and worked hard to send me to a school where they knew my education would be the most important factor and where I would be highly prepared for college, but little did they know that I would fall in love with this school.
As a freshman, for me it was terrifying walking into the Tuck Shop or trying out for a varsity team, but that being the social norm it became part of fitting in and establishing who I was on this campus. The problem being, I didn't really know who I was at the time. I was too afraid of how I was perceived by others, and that kept me from doing the things that I loved. I didn't apply for Honors or AP classes when the opportunity arose; I pushed off becoming tri-varsity for three years and I really never gave myself enough credit to try something that wandered from my comfort zone, afraid of simply being bad at it. This continued until about the middle of my junior year, just before the end of basketball season. On March 2, 2013, I experienced a salient epiphany. It was a regular chapel, just like this one, except it was a Saturday and Mr. Fisher was reading a chapel talk regarding the topic of inspiration. Now, don't get me wrong—it was a great speech, but it was a Saturday morning, and me being a sixteen-year-old kid I starting dozing off slightly. Right before my jawbone met the inviting touch of my neck, my gaze focused in on Ms. Brooks. At that moment we made eye contact and she gave me this smile. A smile overfilling with tangible warmth…the most genuine smile I have ever received. Besides putting me into a great mood the rest of the day, I received an email from her that night. The subject line said, "Inspiration." Ms. Brooks (varsity girls basketball coach) told me that when she saw me during chapel earlier that day, it occurred to her about how grateful she was for my enthusiasm and genuine love for playing for her team, while living in the moment for the game and my teammates. She probably doesn't remember that act of kindness, but it's a note that I will remember for the rest of my life. It is moments such as these simple emails, that really do capture the spirit of this school and remind me why I love waking up every morning to the freezing cold, music blasting, and bustling hallways of Pomfret.
Earlier on in this speech I told you that we all have dreams. I am at a point in my life where my dreams have crawled their way into college admission offices, are running to a first seed spot in the New England basketball tournament, but most of all, are gliding to the stage where on May 25th I will complete and seal the best four years of my life, with the class that I have grown to love so much.
Thank you, Pomfret.
About Pomfret School
Founded in 1894, Pomfret is an independent co-educational college preparatory boarding and day school for 350 students in grades 9 through 12 and postgraduate, located on a scenic 500 acre campus in Northeastern Connecticut.
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Staff Sergeant Instructor (SSI) Tony Brown, Detachment Commander of Swanley Army Cadet Force, Squadron Royal Engineers (Kent ACF Sqn RE) was recently recognised for leadership abilities.
He was awarded the City and Guilds Licentiateship in Leadership and Management, which is comparable to a Level 4 foundation degree academic level.
SSI Brown feels the award has been highly beneficial and believes other instructors can benefit from CVQO's Adult Awards programme.
"I decided to complete Level 4 Licentiateship Professional Recognition Award with CVQO as I felt it was the best course of progression for me. I left school with few qualifications and suffer with dyslexia. I found the award interesting and challenging for me and it has really enlightened me to new skills which I use both in cadets and my current employment.
I feel proud of myself for passing this award and am now going to use this for a promotion at work.
"I'd like to congratulate Tony for his dedication to the youth of Kent, we offer all sorts of training opportunities for adults and young people alike and wouldn't be able to offer young people all the activities we do without great volunteers like SSI Brown.
We're always looking for more adults to join us across the county and I'd encourage anyone who has spare time on their hands to find out more".


text:
Dodger press box can be a lonely place — just ask Don Hartack
Many boys dream of making it to the major leagues, hitting balls over the fence and into a crowd of wildly cheering fans. They picture toeing the pitching rubber with the crowd hushed in anticipation of the pitch. The big league dream is strong for many, but elusive for all but the special few.
Don Hartack, a former high school shortstop, realized early his ability to cleanly field grounders and stay back on a curve ball would not carry him to baseball's zenith.
It's Hartack's other skills that would take him all the way to The Show.
You're watching a baseball game and a hard hit one hopper glances off of the infielder's glove. Quick — is it a hit or an error? The pitch that made its way to the backstop. What do you think, is it a wild pitch or a passed ball?
There's only one person whose opinion matters. With his precise knowledge of the rule book and keen decision-making skills, Hartack got to the majors as Major League Baseball's official scorer at Dodger Stadium.
The uniformed men play and umpire the game, but it's Hartack who interprets the plays and decides how they will be statistically recorded. When he's scoring a baseball game, Don Hartack is the only civilian who matters. And with that responsibility comes pressure.
Ruling a batted ball a hit helps a hitter's batting average and could inflate the pitcher's earned run average. Ruling the pitch a passed ball means the catcher's fielding percentage will go down, and might also be the difference between a run being earned or unearned.
Then there are those calls that could go either way, where someone is going to be unhappy with the decision.
"Those are what I call '60/40' calls," Hartack says, eschewing the possibility that any call is truly 50/50. "I see the play live, and if it's really close, I'll ask to see the replay again (in the Dodger Vision booth). You go with what you feel is the right call. Each play is different."
On such plays, the telephone next to the public relations director might ring with a disgruntled player or coach on the other end. The call from the dugout is usually a request to the PR man to ask Hartack to reconsider. Hartack says that happens only a handful of times each season.
In the face of that kind of adversity, some might crumble. Where others might feel pressure, Hartack is calm and collected.
"I don't get pressured," Hartack insists. "I get asked to take a second look or someone from the PR department may offer his opinion. I put more pressure on myself to get the call right than I ever get from anyone from the teams."
Beyond the rare phone calls, there are occasional disapproving looks from members of the media. None of that fazes Hartack.
"It's second nature to second guess," Hartack shrugs. "It comes with the job."
Before Hartack got his start as official scorer, he was working in the press box for Stats Inc. Major League Baseball was looking for a new scorer at Dodger Stadium, when David Lander recommended Hartack to the Dodger public relations department.
Best remembered for playing Squiggy on the 1970s sitcom "Laverne and Shirley," Lander is someone whose recommendation might appear meaningless.
But in baseball circles, Lander isn't merely an actor, he's a lifelong student of the game who once owned a small stake in the Triple-A Portland Beavers team. He currently has the title of Associate Scout for the Seattle Mariners.
Lander's nod was all the Dodgers needed to suggest Hartack to Major League Baseball. Before receiving the job, Hartack first had to pass a comprehensive test designed to gauge his understanding of the application of the rules.
"It's an open book test to make sure you're aware of the rules and can interpret them fairly," Hartack said. "You read the rule book, familiarize yourself with it, and when something comes up you're unsure about, you look it up, just like when you're scoring a game."
Hartack passed the test and became an employee of Major League Baseball.
Known for his levelheadedness and allegiance to getting the calls right, Hartack is a respected figure. After 15 years of scoring, he's also a press box veteran who's seen a lot of baseball.
"You see some strange plays over the course of a season," Hartack says. "I've scored a lot of games, but there are still plays where I think, 'I've never seen that play'. That's part of what I love about baseball."
No one had ever seen a player hit two grand slams in one inning until April 23, 1999, when Fernando Tatis teed off twice against Chan Ho Park. It's the only time Hartack can recall that the Baseball Hall of Fame requesting one of his score sheets.
Hartack also scored a game in 2008 against the Angels that the Dodgers won despite not recording a base hit.
The closest the Dodgers came to managing a hit that night was in the fifth inning. Matt Kemp hit a squibber off of the end of his bat down the first base line. Angel starting pitcher Jered Weaver ran to cover first base when the ball spun toward him. Weaver stuck out his glove and the ball clanked off of it. Hartack initially thought it was an error, checked the press box replay to confirm it, then announced into his press box microphone, "Error 1."
"It wasn't a tough decision. It was an error," Hartack says of the play.
Indeed, the decision elicited nods of approval. The PR director's phone sat silent. It wasn't until a few hours later that Hartack realized he was at the center of controversy.
"I got home and turned on SportsCenter and they're talking about how the official scorer at Dodger Stadium changed a call to save a no-hitter," Hartack recalls. "I was like, 'What's going on?' "
The next day Hartack learned that while waiting for the replay, the play went up on the scoreboard as a hit. As soon as Hartack announced his call, "error" appeared on the scoreboard. ESPN ran with a story that he had initially ruled the ball a hit, later changing it after feeling the pressure of preserving a no-hitter.
"Having my name associated with actions that were the exact opposite of what actually happened was disturbing," Hartack said.
Hartack was later vindicated in a communication with ESPN baseball writer and analyst Tim Kurkjian who Hartack said was equally distrubed by the inaccuracy.
Hartack was nonplussed by the attention he received. His allegiance is to the game, and to getting each call right.
It's not the notoriety, power or prestige that comes with being the official scorer that keeps Hartack coming back. It's not the money either; scorers make only $150 per game.
For Hartack, it's something else entirely. As he speaks about the game, respect and gratitude shine through.
"The fact that I'm still able to be around baseball and involved is really great," he says. "I just love the game."
Maybe scoring serves another purpose. Could it be that the dream of putting on a big-league uniform still exists somewhere in his heart?
"I've said many times that the rhythm of the game is as close as you can get to playing the game," Hartack says. "I guess I'm still a shortstop at heart."
2 responses to "Dodger press box can be a lonely place — just ask Don Hartack"
Cooldrive says:
Very interesting, but he needs to learn that no Giant ever makes an error.
Jim Smiley says:
I'll be sure to tell him!


Wayne Nickerson, a lobsterman in Plymouth, Massachusetts, came across a most unusual lobster during his trip out to sea on Monday.
A photo of the bright blue, 2-pound animal was shared by his wife, Jan, on Facebook. According to Wayne, this is the second time in his 35-year career that he's seen a blue lobster.
The captured lobster, appropriately named Bleu, was spared from becoming dinner and plans are in the works to find him a new home at a local aquarium, the couple told ABC News. In this case, Bleu's chances of survival may be higher at an aquarium than if left in the wild.
"People from the New England Aquarium are amazed he has made it to the size he is, in the ocean, as he is a target for predators," Jan wrote on Facebook. "They do not usually make it, that is one reason they are rare. He will be well cared for by marine biologists."
Only one out of two million lobsters turn blue instead of their trademark dark brown and reddish hues. "The coloration comes from a genetic defect that causes the lobster to produce an excessive amount of a particular protein that gives the lobster that unique coloration," the University of Maine's Lobster Institute explains.
Surprisingly, blue lobsters aren't even the rarest of lobsters.
... or even dual-colored lobster in the wild.
And in this lobster's case, his coloring didn't just make him special - it gave him the ultimate break.
"There'll be no butter or boiling for this guy," Jan wrote.


If you're not already familiar with steel-cut oats, they are whole grain groats, the inner part of the oat kernel, that are cut into pieces. This is in contrast to old-fashioned or quick oats which are steamed and rolled. So steel-cut oats are the whole grain, making them extra healhy AND extra yummy. I really prefer the taste and texture of steel-cut oats. The taste is a bit "nuttier" than regular oatmeal and it has a great substantial, chewy texture.
This recipe is a simple way to prepare steel-cut oats so that they are hot and ready for you when you wake up in the morning. The recipe can be adjusted to make as much or as little as you want.
These taste great served with milk (dairy, soy, almond, etc.), brown sugar, nuts and dried or fresh fruit. Some of my favorite combos are brown sugar, raisins and walnuts or brown sugar, fresh raspberries and sliced almonds.
If you make a big batch, simply place what you don't use the first day in an airtight container and store in the refrigerator. To reheat, simply add milk or water, stir and heat in the microwave.
NOTE: I always buy my steel cut oats from Vitacost. They have great prices and if you're a new customer you get a FREE $10 credit toward your first order!
Yum!! We do this often! Add in a peeled, sliced apple or two and some cinnamon and the house also smells great in the morning. This past fall we added in some pumpkin too.
CROCKPOT COOKING IS GETTING MY FAMILY THROUGH THIS COLD, SNOWY WINTER!


Today only (11/23), you can get the Ryobi P1982N 18-Volt ONE+ 5-Tool Combo Kit for only $149 after a price drop from $299 at Home Depot. You save 50% off the retail price for this power tool combo kit. Plus, this item ships free. The Ryobi P1982N Combo Kit includes a drill, circular saw, reciprocal saw, impact driver, and LED flashlight. Sales tax is charged in most states. Deal expires November 23, 2018.
Get precise work in no time with this five-tool combo kit. It includes a drill, circular saw, reciprocating saw and impact driver. The variable-speed reciprocating saw includes a blade with a 7/8 in. stroke length capable of 3,100 SPM. You can rely on the impact driver for lag bolts and desk screws – or any high-torque fastening job. The 5 1/2 in. saw includes a multipurpose carbide blade, while a keyless chuck secures up to 1/2 in. bits into the lightweight drill. Choose between 24 variable-speed clutch settings for optimal torque. Even better, you'll never lose sight of your projects with the included ONE+ work light that can be positioned on its belly, rear or hung from above with the ability to rotate and point the head where desired. This kit is backed by the RYOBI 3-Year Manufacturer's Warranty and also includes a pair of 1.5 Ah batteries, a charger and tool bag.


text:
Bank spending on IT as share of revenues in the U.S. 2017, by bank size
Bank spending on information technology as share of bank revenues in the United States as of December 2017, by bank size
by M. Szmigiera, last edited Apr 3, 2018
This statistic presents the bank spending on information technology as share of bank revenues in the United States as of December 2017, by bank size. According to the source, U.S. banks with assets worth more than ten billion U.S. dollars, spent 5.3 percent of their revenues on development of information technology.
Share of revenues
Leading financial centers in Latin America and Caribbean 2018
Official international reserves by country 2018
Brazil: leading banks 2017, by total assets
Assets of banks in Brazil 2002-2017
Statistics on "Banking industry in Brazil"
Leading banks
ATM networks
International reserves and foreign currency liquidity in selected countries worldwide as of August 2018 (in billion U.S. dollars)Official international reserves by country 2018
Leading financial centers in Latin America and Caribbean as of September 2018Leading financial centers in Latin America and Caribbean 2018
Leading banks in Latin America in 2017, based on value of total assets (in billion U.S. dollars)Latin America: leading banks 2017, by total assets
Most profitable banks in Latin America in 2017, based on value of profits (in million U.S. dollars)Latin America: most profitable banks in 2017, by profit value
Number of bank branches in Latin America in 2017, by selected countriesLatin America: number of bank branches 2017, by country
Number of bank branches per 1,000 square kilometers in selected countries in Latin America in 2017Latin America: bank branch density in selected countries 2017
Total assets of banks in Brazil from 2002 to 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)Assets of banks in Brazil 2002-2017
Total assets of financial institutions in Brazil from 2002 to 2017, by institution type (in billion U.S. dollars)Assets of financial institutions in Brazil 2002-2017, by institution type
Bank credit concession in Brazil from June 2017 to June 2018, by type of bank (in billion Brazilian reals)Brazil: credit concession value 2017-2018, by bank type
Credit concession of public banks in Brazil from June 2017 to June 2018, by type of bank (in billion Brazilian reals)Brazil: public banks credit concession value 2017-2018, by bank type
Credit concession of private banks in Brazil from June 2017 to June 2018 (in billion Brazilian reals)Brazil: private banks credit concession value 2017-2018
Value of bank deposits per capita in Brazil in 2016 and 2017 (in U.S. dollars)Brazil: bank deposits per capita 2016-2017
Per capita personal loan value in Brazil in 2016 and 2017 (in U.S. dollars)Brazil: personal loan value per capita 2016-2017
Value of loans to individuals in Brazil from 2012 to 2017 (in billion Brazilian reals)Brazil: loans granted to individuals 2012-2017
Most valuable banking brands in Brazil in 2017 and 2018 (in billion U.S. dollars)Brazil: most valuable banking brands 2017-2018
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on total assets (in billion U.S. dollars)Brazil: leading banks 2017, by total assets
Most profitable banks in Brazil in 2017, based on value of profits (in million U.S. dollars)Brazil: most profitable banks in 2017, by profit value
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on value of loan portfolio (in billion U.S. dollars)Brazil: leading banks 2017, by loan portfolio value
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on value of deposits (in billion U.S. dollars)Brazil: leading banks 2017, by deposits value
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on equity value (in billion U.S. dollars)Brazil: leading banks 2017, by equity value
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on number of active credit cards (in 1,000s)Brazil: leading banks 2017, by number of active credit cards
Highest dividend-paying banks in Brazil in 2017, based on paid value (in billion Brazilian reals)Brazil: highest dividend-paying banks in 2017, by paid value
Number of bank branches in Brazil in 2016 and 2017 (in 1,000s)Brazil: number of bank branches 2016-2017
Number of bank branches per 1,000 square kilometers in Brazil in 2016 and 2017Brazil: bank branch density 2016-2017
Number of branches of leading banks in Brazil as of February 2018Brazil: number of branches of selected banks 2018
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on number of agenciesBrazil: leading banks 2017, by number of branches
Change in number of branches of leading banks in Brazil from 2016 to 2017Brazil: change in number of branches of selected banks 2017
Number of bank branches of Itaú Unibanco in Brazil in 2016 and 2017Brazil: number of branches of Itaú bank 2016-2017
Number of ATMs of Itaú Unibanco in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)Brazil: number of ATMs of bank Itaú 2010-2017
Number of ATMs of Banco Bradesco in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)Brazil: number of ATMs of Banco Bradesco 2010-2017
Number of ATMs of Banco do Brasil S.A. in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)Brazil: number of ATMs of Banco do Brasil 2010-2017
Number of ATMs of Caixa Econômica Federal in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)Brazil: number of ATMs of Caixa bank 2010-2017
Number of ATMs of Banco Santander in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)Brazil: number of ATMs of Banco Santander 2010-2017
Number of ATMs operated by Banco 24 horas in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)Brazil: number of ATMs of Banco 24 horas 2010-2017
Which banking app do you use?Brazil: most popular banking apps as of June 2017
For which transactions do you use banking apps?Brazil: most common transactions performed through banking apps 2017
What are the main reasons why you do not use banking apps to make bank transactions?Brazil: reasons for not doing transactions through banking apps 2017
Change in the number of mobile banking services in Brazil from 2016 to 2018Online banking in Brazil: growth of mobile services 2016-2018
Share of adult population with a bank or mobile money service account in Brazil between 2011 and 2017Brazil: population with bank accounts 2011-2017, by type
Share of adult population with a bank or mobile money service account in Brazil in 2017, by genderBrazil: population with bank accounts in 2017, by type & gender
Number of bank customers per unique follower of Facebook bank pages in Brazil from July 2015 to July 2018Brazil: bank customers per Facebook follower 2015-2018
Number of bank customers per unique follower of Twitter bank profiles in Brazil from July 2015 to July 2018Brazil: bank customers per Twitter follower 2015-2018
Facebook-Twitter follower ratio of social media banking profiles in Brazil from July 2015 to July 2018Banking in Brazil: social media follower ratio 2015-2018
Social media engagement rate of banks in Twitter and Facebook in Brazil as of July 2018 (in number of interactions per 1,000 followers)Brazil: social media engagement rate of banks 2018
Bank spending on information technology in the U.S. 2017, by type
Bank spending on IT in the U.S. 2017, by category
Distribution of companies' internal and external IT service spend in Sweden 2014-2016
Companies' IT expenditure in Sweden 2009-2017, by product type
Companies' IT expenditure in Sweden 2016-2017, by industry
Companies' IT leasing expenditure in Sweden 2009-2017, by lease type
Reaction of banks to Fintech companies 2015
Largest Bulgarian banks 2018, by profit
Capital-assets ratio - leading banks worldwide
Factors having negative impact on banking growth in the U.S. 2014
Leading banks in Bulgaria 2018, by assets
Leading banks in Latin America in 2017, by brand value
Number of insolvencies of FDIC-insured banks in the U.S. 2001-2017
Advantages of banks over Fintech companies globally 2016
International reserves and foreign currency liquidity in selected countries worldwide as of August 2018 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Leading financial centers in Latin America and Caribbean as of September 2018
Leading banks in Latin America in 2017, based on value of total assets (in billion U.S. dollars)
Most profitable banks in Latin America in 2017, based on value of profits (in million U.S. dollars)
Number of bank branches in Latin America in 2017, by selected countries
Number of bank branches per 1,000 square kilometers in selected countries in Latin America in 2017
Total assets of banks in Brazil from 2002 to 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Total assets of financial institutions in Brazil from 2002 to 2017, by institution type (in billion U.S. dollars)
Bank credit concession in Brazil from June 2017 to June 2018, by type of bank (in billion Brazilian reals)
Credit concession of public banks in Brazil from June 2017 to June 2018, by type of bank (in billion Brazilian reals)
Credit concession of private banks in Brazil from June 2017 to June 2018 (in billion Brazilian reals)
Value of bank deposits per capita in Brazil in 2016 and 2017 (in U.S. dollars)
Per capita personal loan value in Brazil in 2016 and 2017 (in U.S. dollars)
Value of loans to individuals in Brazil from 2012 to 2017 (in billion Brazilian reals)
Value of loans to individuals in Brazil from 2012 to 2017, by type (in billion Brazilian reals)
Most valuable banking brands in Brazil in 2017 and 2018 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on total assets (in billion U.S. dollars)
Most profitable banks in Brazil in 2017, based on value of profits (in million U.S. dollars)
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on value of loan portfolio (in billion U.S. dollars)
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on value of deposits (in billion U.S. dollars)
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on equity value (in billion U.S. dollars)
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on number of active credit cards (in 1,000s)
Highest dividend-paying banks in Brazil in 2017, based on paid value (in billion Brazilian reals)
Best dividend-paying Brazilian banks in 2017, by dividend yield per share
Number of bank branches in Brazil in 2016 and 2017 (in 1,000s)
Number of bank branches per 1,000 square kilometers in Brazil in 2016 and 2017
Number of branches of leading banks in Brazil as of February 2018
Leading banks in Brazil in 2017, based on number of agencies
Change in number of branches of leading banks in Brazil from 2016 to 2017
Number of bank branches of Itaú Unibanco in Brazil in 2016 and 2017
Number of ATMs of Itaú Unibanco in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)
Number of ATMs of Banco Bradesco in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)
Number of ATMs of Banco do Brasil S.A. in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)
Number of ATMs of Caixa Econômica Federal in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)
Number of ATMs of Banco Santander in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)
Number of ATMs operated by Banco 24 horas in Brazil from 2010 to 2017 (in 1,000s)
Which banking app do you use?
For which transactions do you use banking apps?
What are the main reasons why you do not use banking apps to make bank transactions?
Change in the number of mobile banking services in Brazil from 2016 to 2018
Share of adult population with a bank or mobile money service account in Brazil between 2011 and 2017
Share of adult population with a bank or mobile money service account in Brazil in 2017, by gender
Number of bank customers per unique follower of Facebook bank pages in Brazil from July 2015 to July 2018
Number of bank customers per unique follower of Twitter bank profiles in Brazil from July 2015 to July 2018
Facebook-Twitter follower ratio of social media banking profiles in Brazil from July 2015 to July 2018
Social media engagement rate of banks in Twitter and Facebook in Brazil as of July 2018 (in number of interactions per 1,000 followers)
Distribution of bank spending on information technology in the United States as of August 2017, by type
Distribution of bank spending on information technology in the United States as of December 2017, by category
Share of internal and external expenditure on IT services in companies in Sweden from 2014 to 2016
IT expenditure in companies in Sweden from 2009 to 2017, by type of product (in million SEK)
IT expenditure in companies in Sweden in 2016 and 2017, by industry (in million SEK)
IT leasing expenditure in companies in Sweden from 2009 to 2017, by type of lease (in million SEK)
Reaction of banks to development of Fintech companies worldwide as of February 2015
Leading banks in Bulgaria by profits as of the year ending March 31st 2018 (in 1,000 Bulgarian lev)
The 14 leading banks worldwide in 2009, by capital-assets ratio (in percent)
Which of the following are having the greatest negative impact on growth for your bank?
Leading banks in Bulgaria as of March 2018*, by total assets (in million Bulgarian lev)
Most valuable banking brands in Latin America as of February 2017 (in million U.S. dollars)
Number of insolvencies of FDIC-insured banks in the United States from 2001 to 2017
Advantages of banks over Fintech companies worldwide in 2016


Chronic ankle instability usually develops following an ankle sprain that has not adequately healed or was not rehabilitated completely. When you sprain your ankle, the connective tissues (ligaments) are stretched or torn. The ability to balance is often affected. Proper rehabilitation is needed to strengthen the muscles around the ankle and "retrain" the tissues within the ankle that affect balance. Failure to do so may result in repeated ankle sprains.
Repeated ankle sprains often cause - and perpetuate - chronic ankle instability. Each subsequent sprain leads to further weakening (or stretching) of the ligaments, resulting in greater instability and the likelihood of developing additional problems in the ankle.


Humour and rhythm made in Romania!
The hilarious world of Caragiale, the comic genius of Romanian literature, is recreated through music and dance in an unmissable show!
The greatest Romanian playwright of all time, Ion Luca Caragiale (1852-1912), is celebrated in London with a humorous and enlightening dance show by critically acclaimed choreographer Gigi Căciuleanu, who takes a fresh look, through physical movement and music, at Caragiale's accomplished writing.
Starring: Ramona Bărbulescu, Rasmina Călbăjos, Alexandru Călin, Lari Giorgescu, Ştefan Lupu, Ioana Macarie, Ioana Marchidan, Cristian Nanculescu, Adrian Nour, Vanda Ştefănescu, István Téglás, Arcadie Rusu.
The event celebrates Caragiale Year in the United Kingdom.
The London performance is presented under the patronage of His Excellency Dr Ion Jinga, Ambassador of Romania to the UK.


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Glenbow is a locality in southern Alberta, in Rocky View County located northwest of the City of Calgary and east of the Town of Cochrane on Highway 1A. It is now part of the Glenbow Ranch Provincial Park. The Glenbow area is immediately west of Rocky View County's Bearspaw area.

The name Glenbow is descriptive and refers to its location: it lies 'in a glen on the Bow' (Bow River). The name is a portmanteau. A Canadian Pacific Railway station was established at Glenbow in 1907. The post office operated from September 1, 1908 to October 15, 1920.

Glenbow was well known for its sandstone quarry that supplied building material for Calgary's early commercial and institutional developments. The Glenbow Museum in Calgary is named after this area.

References

Karamitsanis, Aphrodite (1992). Place Names of Alberta – Volume II, Southern Alberta, University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta.
Read, Tracey (1983). Acres and Empires – A History of the Municipal District of Rocky View, Calgary, Alberta.

External links

Calgary Region
Localities in Rocky View County


Winter is close, so you should be sure that you have a warm and cosy house. A factor that might influence your comfort is the roof, because if it is not in a good state, you might have to deal with leaks during the winter. You might now that in time all roofs wear out, and if you have your for many years, you should take into consideration checking its state. If you do not find roof problems soon, you will have to spend a lot of money on renovating your entire house, because in case of great snow it might get damaged. There are some signs you should be aware of, because they will notice you if you need to change your roof, or to renovate it. To be sure, for what types of services you should call a professional roofing Montreal team, you should go up there and see how it looks.
You should not wait until you spot a leak in your ceiling, because it might be too late, and you will have to renovate not only your roof, but also your house. Here are some tips that should help you determine if you need a new roof. You should consider its age, because many experts say that a roof does not lasts longer that 20 or 25 years. This period is influenced by the weather conditions, and if it was proper ventilated. If your roof is older than 20 years, you should take into consideration replacing it in the near future. If you notice that the shingles from your roof are buckling, you should talk with experienced roofers Montreal, because you will definitely have to change it. If the shingles are losing granules means that their life expectancy is overcome, and you need to change the entire roof. Other sign that you need a new one is if you notice that shingles are falling apart or missing from the roof valleys. This area is the most important from the upper part of your house, because rain and snow can get inside your house through the small holes.
If you want to be sure that you will be safe this winter, you should check the condition of the shingles, because they all should be intact. You should also be concerned about your chimney, because if it is made from tar or roof cement, you should replace it with a watertight fitting material. When roofs are in the last part of their life, they tend to lose granules, so you will find shingle granules in the gutters. You might also notice darker colours in some parts of the roof, and this is a sign that the shingles are worn. When you check the roof, you should not have a spongy feel or have the impression that you walk on a trampoline, because this is a sign that the underlying decking is weakened and you have to call the specialists to come and replace it. Check these signs, and take care to replace the roof if you consider that its condition might deteriorate through winter.
If you want to find more about roofing Montreal or to hire roofers Montreal, please click on these links!


text:
import sched
import time
import persion
import loginweibo as Lwb
import jiexi
import file

def write(session, who):
    page, who = Lwb.getPage(session, 'http://weibo.com/' + who)
    WB_text, WB_time, WB_comefrom, WB_like, WB_pinlun, WB_forward, WB_mid = jiexi.detail(page)
    for i in range(0, len(WB_text)):
        file.inputweibo(who, WB_text[i], WB_time[i], WB_mid[i],
                WB_comefrom[i], WB_like[i], WB_forward[i], WB_pinlun[i])
    print time.time() , ':Success!:' , who

if len(persion.usename) == 0:
    username, passwd = Lwb.Login()
else:
    username = persion.usename
    passwd = persion.passwd
session = Lwb.getCookies(username, passwd)

scheduler = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
#print time.time
#print time.sleep

def print_event(name):
    print 'EVENT:', time.time(), name

print 'START:', time.time()
ff = open(file.Wpath + '/' + 'waitlist', 'r')
for i in range(1, 86400):
    who = ff.readline().strip().lstrip()
    if len(who) == 0:
        continue
    if who == 'end':
        break
    scheduler.enter(i, 1, write, (session, who))

scheduler.run()


These activities provide information about different types of text and how to recognise them. They focus on the purpose that a text is written for, what kind of people write it and who will read it. It also shows similar features of spoken language.
The 'Language varieties' link below will introduce you to particular aspects of academic language you can focus on in the academic language categories. You are advised to look at this first if this is your first visit to this page.
This page gives an overview of the key terms used when discussing language varieties, with explanations and examples of how they are used in connection with academic writing.


This plant produces three ranges of fresh cheese : Burgos, Traditional and cheese for salad. El Ventero Fresco Burgos cheese has been rewarded with the 'Artesano' Seal from the National Association for Promotion and Development of Craft Cheese (Arques) as a guarantee of its production process following traditional methods.
This is one of the most flexible plants of Lactalis Group, producing over 210 different SKUs, in a wide range of formats, types of milk and different weights. Up to 4 types of milk can be used in the manufacturing process. We use cutting-edge technology aimed at offering innovative products and formats adapted to new consumers' habits.
The site has a pilot plant to test new products and recipes that enables us to innovate and satisfy our customers and consumers' needs.
Lactalis Forlasa, with its famous PDO Manchego cheese Don Bernardo produced in Villarrobledo, is one of the world leaders in PDO Manchego Cheese production.
We produce in Villarrobledo PDO Manchego cheese, a sheep's milk cheese with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), considered a star product among the food industry of the Castilla La Mancha region.
Its name is due to its elaboration in the natural region of La Mancha, from milk of genuine manchega sheep bred in farms registered in the Regulatory Council of the Designation of Origin.
The Regulatory Council certifies the origin of the milk used in the production process and guarantees the quality of the product through a serial number on the back label and a casein tab placed on the cheese. The Manchego Cheese maturation is minimum 60 days.


1 x Pewter Miniature, plus Gallows, 1 x 50mm round black slotta base. Hanged a century ago for the crime of witchcraft, the Gallows Hag again stalks the streets of London seeking vengeance on the living by dragging them to the gates of Hell at the end of her noosed rope. Once entangled, few can escape the long painful road to damnation that she desires for all blessed with life.


A class-A office building with a two-story lobby and quality finishes is home to the Stapley Corporate business center in Mesa, Arizona. It features an impressive entrance area that includes a curving staircase and overlooks landscaped grounds. Mesa is located in Maricopa County, Arizona, and has attracted a variety of businesses including medical services, education, aerospace and tourism. A key draw is said to be the talented, educated workforce. Mesa is proud of its nationally recognized public schools and higher education establishments such as Arizona State University and Arizona School of Health Sciences. The Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport has attracted companies in aerospace, aviation hi-tech, manufacturing and software. The public and private sector work closely together. The business center is conveniently situated a quarter of a mile south of the US-60.


In the summer we met at the halfway point station between our homes, somewhere still new to me. I had to check the route as I was still unfamiliar with the city, but finding undiscovered experiences inside each place. Through the shop-lined streets and the smoke from bars, we found a small shrine atop a tiny hill surrounded by trees. A highway was wrapped around the bottom of one side, and a steel bridge for the bullet trains reaching over the treetops on the other. A few people were visiting the shrine, but they soon disappeared, letting the silence enter the sanctuary with the soft afternoon breeze. Making our way down the hill beside the bridge, down the river-long stone steps leading to the water's edge, people ran in the summer air, their voices echoing throughout and across the riverbanks. We finally settled on a spot on the stone stairway, with riverside bushes to our backs, the bridge to our left, and the sunset to the west over and down the river. We brought out our picnic dinner, the plastic containers I had bought just the day before, and picnicked on the shores of the river. Under the orange sunset, cameras on the ground, this memory remaining for that place too, not just us. It stays there in the wind, in the green of the trees, and the swirls of the river, just as it does in our hearts and minds. These places may seem ordinary, but with them we share all experiences.
Digital download (included with CD edition) available in MP3, ALAC (Apple Lossless), and FLAC.


The universal NoFoam System has been developed by engineers at the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC). NoFoam provides an environmentally safe method for testing performance of fire-suppression foam distribution systems onboard aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) vehicles. Firefighting guidelines and policies require quarterly and annual performance checks on ARFF vehicle firefighting systems. These involve discharging a significant volume of fire suppression foam to verify that the delivery system is functioning properly, thereby ensuring operational readiness when the equipment is called on to save lives and property.
Despite the widespread use of foam for its effectiveness extinguishing hydrocarbon fuel fires, the foam wastewater is associated with environmental concerns, including questions about its long-term impact. The foam has high biological and chemical oxygen demands and extreme foaming action. The Environmental Protection Agency identifies potential fish toxicity, a lack of biodegradability, poor treatability in wastewater treatment plants, and nutrient loading in natural or domestic water systems. These environmental issues result in high costs for disposal and treatment of foam-laden wastewater, prompting NFESC engineers to seek a solution. Their efforts yielded an environmentally safe testing method that also supports equipment training opportunities and builds firefighter confidence and readiness.
NFESC technology transfer specialists utilized an environmentally oriented Navy equipment program to promote the transition of units into Navy use, increasing awareness and interest in the technology. Presently, the NoFoam System technology has been implemented for firefighting vehicle testing at 28 Department of Defense locations, including Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Army installations. The Australian Department of Defence has purchased NoFoam Systems for its entire fleet of ARFF vehicles, which were scheduled for completion of the retrofitting process by the end of 2010.


Today we are going to go into ways you can move toward clarity of vision and purpose in your business and brand. I'll share with you some of my favorite tools for moving forward.
Today we talk about all the ways that our lack of brand alignment can show up in the world. This will help you clue into some of the behaviors that might be indicators that your business or brand need adjustment.
Many of the people I work with day to day are empaths, healers, artists, and keepers of the flame. Over all the years I've been working, I've had countless conversations about working through that "ick" feeling that high integrity people get about branding and marketing themselves.


text:
Enquiries: 083 253 9070
About Dr. Wheatgrass
About Wheatgrass Antioxidants
Grass Juice Factor
Recovery Cream
Recovery Spray
Supershots
Superbalm
Dr. Wheatgrass Casebook
Ask Dr. Chris A Question
Researchers have described many of the biologically active substances in wheatgrass, but have yet to ascertain the exact nature of the elusive 'Grass Juice Factor'. It is known to be present in all the cereal grasses and a number of other plants such as peas, cabbage, spinach and white clover. In cereal grasses, it is known to be in highest concentration in the young grass and diminishes as the plant ages.
Among other properties, the Factor has powerful growth and fertility effects in experimental animals. In one case, pigs were fed cereal grass supplements for seven weeks and gained weight rapidly. Weight gain stopped almost immediately the cereal grass was withdrawn and replaced with a mineralised milk diet only. When cereal grass was reintroduced, rapid weight gain resumed.
Clinical and research evidence has shown this 'factor' to have, among other properties, a powerful effect on the regeneration of damaged skin and improvement in health in general. Since 1995, Dr. Chris Reynolds, a Melbourne-based family physician has observed numerous healing phenomena when using a wheatgrass extract for a broad spectrum of medical conditions such as wound-healing, burns, fractures, soft tissue injuries, anal fissure and molluscum contagiosum to name a few. Clearly there was "something happening" that begged an explanation.
These findings prompted him to attempt to formulate a possible physiological mechanism that might explain at least some of his observations. Researchers had already described numerous biological actives in cereal grasses, but none of them seemed to explain the apparently enormously broad spectrum of conditions that improved using wheatgrass. Nor did they explain the sometimes astonishing rate that healing occurred.
It eventually came to him that the most likely way in which wheatgrass worked was by facilitating the body's own natural ability to heal itself. After all, that's how it appeared for instance with burns. Initially, pain was relieved soon after application. Then, overnight, a new surface became visible over the open burn that appeared to seal it and isolate it from the surrounding germ-laden air. No anitbiotics were required, and healing was rapid and uncomplicated from that point on, with minimal scarring. Having treated burns for some 25 years, he was left with no doubt that the natural healing process was being significanly enhanced compared with previous clinical experience.
Clearly, something was happening with his patients' immune system. It was being supported, faciltated and apparently strengthened. Wheatgrass was also working for auto-immune conditions such as acne rosacea, psoriasis and in some cases multiple sclerosis. These and many other observations led him to believe wheatgrass was acting as an immunostimulant or immunomodulator. In other words, it was helping the body to "normalise" tissue damaged by its own immune cells that are normally expected to heal, but for some reason go wrong and turn against the body.
Review of the medical research surrounding the cereal grasses revealed numerous references to the healing effects of chlorophyll, the much touted molecule that supposedly has an important role in physical healing. Now Dr. Reynolds, by observing thousands of wheatgrass "healing episodes" was able to duplicate many of the clinical results researchers had shown in the past such as burns recovery, wound and fracture healing and many others.
But there is no chlorophyll in the extract he was using! The question then remained as to what was actually causing these phenomena. Dr. Reynolds' guess? The Grass Juice Factor. But what on earth is it, and how do we find it? After all, scientists have been trying to identify it since the 1930?s.
Fortunately, we appear to be getting close to the answer.
A scientific breakthrough
Recently in Melbourne, at a prestigious research laboratory, DNA technology developed for the Human Genome Project was used to detect the presence of a specific biological activity of Dr. Reynolds' wheatgrass extract. This was a world first for a herbal substance and the result was outstanding, exceeding all expectations!
The importance of this discovery is that it brings us closer to discovering exactly what the Grass Juice Factor is, and possibly, in the near future, exactly how it works. If this succeeds, it will almost certainly lead to greater understanding of how the body heals itself and how that process can be accelerated – naturally.
In the American Journal of Surgery in 1940, Benjamin Cruskin, M.D., recommends chlorophyll for its antiseptic benefits. The article suggests the following clinical uses for chlorophyll: to clear up foul-smelling odours, neutralize strep infections, heal wounds, hasten skin grafting, cure chronic sinusitis, overcome ear inflammation and infections, reduce varicose veins and heal leg ulcers, eliminate impetigo and other scabby eruptions, heal rectal sores, successfully treat inflammation of the uterine cervix, get rid of parasitic vaginal infections, reduce typhoid fever, and cure advanced pyorrhea in many cases.
Instead of "chlorophyll", it is probably better to think "Grass Juice Factor".
Or send us your details and a representative will contact you:
Contact Dr. Wheatgrass
Email: info@drwheatgrass.co.za
Web: www.drwheatgrass.co.za
Address: 10 Fish Eagle Park
Old Paardevlei Rd
The Interchange
Postal: P O Box 375
Franschoek
Dr. Wheatgrass Recovery Spray R380.00
Dr. Wheatgrass Supershots R380.00
Dr. Wheatgrass Superbalm R490.00
Dr. Wheatgrass Antioxidant Recovery Cream R350.00
All About Wheatgrass
Copyright Dr. Wheatgrass


A large 45cm cutting deck with a choice of 5 heights of cut ranging from 31-80mm operated by a single lever, ensures an excellent finish for your lawn.
The Multiclip 47 AEcomes with a 5 year manufacturer's warranty and is suitable for larger sized gardens up to 50m x 50m.
The Multiclip 47 comes with a 5 year manufacturer's warranty and is suitable for larger sized gardens up to 50m x 50m.
The next generation of energy. Saving on fuel is just one of the benefits of STIGA battery lawn mowers. They are quiet, easy-to-use, environmentally-friendly and maintenance-free.