The strategic documents section displays both the Energy Community and the ECRB Work Programmes and Annual Reports. Since 2014, the Energy Community's Annual Activity Report is also an integral part of the Secretariat's Implementation Report.
Also, the Work Programmes of the Energy Efficiency Coordination Group, Renewable Energy Coordination Group and Task Force on Environment can be found in this section.
The section present all the Secretariat's annual Implementation Reports. Also all the editions of the Energy Community Legal Framework are displayed here. You can more over filter for Secretariat's public consultation responses.


Monica Bonvicini's "Drill 4 Chastity" for Parkett 72 (image 2) refers to Marcel Duchamp's "Wedge of Chastity", which Duchamp had made as a wedding present for his wife in 1954. The work seen here in image 1 is a bronze cast from 1963. The original version from 1954 was made in plaster and dental plastic, making the work look like a tooth set in gum (image 3).


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Meet the Press: Dante Di Stefano in Conversation with Martha Rhodes, James Fujinami Moore, Ryan Murphy, and Sally Ball of Four Way Books
DD: Four Way Books began in 1991, as a venture between you and your graduate school friends: Beth Stahlecker, Jane Brox, Dzivinia Orlowsky, and Helen Fremont. How have these friendships influenced the evolution and tenor of the press?
MR: We really began in 1993, with first books in 1995. Brox, Orlowsky and Fremont ceased working for the press early on but have remained treasured friends. And I know that they are hugely proud of Four Way Books and of the time and energy that they contributed to the press. Beth Stahlecker, sadly, passed away in 1991 when the press was but a whisper between us. We published her first book posthumously and established a series in her name, The Stahlecker Series, for first and second books of poetry.
DD: In 2012, Jeremy Glazier wrote an excellent overview of the first twenty years of Four Way Books for the LA Review of Books. Gregory Pardlo's Digest won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize and Four Way Books continues to receive the critical and popular attention it deserves. Since 2012, what have been some of the other highlights in the story of Four Way Books?
MR: I would have to say Reginald Dwayne Betts' book has been thrilling to work on, both in manuscript form and as a finished book. And I've loved working with Karen Brennan on little dark – she's such a wonderfully eccentric writer, and such a brilliant craftswoman. (We have also just released her book of short fiction, Monsters). I struggle to highlight just these when I am so enthusiastic about the books we publish, all.
DD: Pardlo's Digest is remarkable for so many reasons. One reason I admire it is for the way the poems dramatize cognition, and yet remain so tied to the heart. Pardlo gives us Deleuze and Guattari along with an aisle in the Fulton Street Foodtown. The work of a father with young children is held in equal esteem with the work of the philosopher and poet. All the poems in this collection feel so timely and timeless and essential. What do you find most compelling about this collection?
MR: I am glad that you appreciate Digest for the terrific collection that it is. I guess what I love about the poems – from the first time I heard them to reading them in manuscript then in book form—is the readability of the poems themselves. Whether lyric poem or poem driven more by narrative, whether he is digging close to his feet or throwing the shovel further out, these are poems that speak plainly about complicated sometimes tangled issues. They touch the heart and light up the brain.
DD: Present day Brooklyn is so palpable in all of its contradictions and nuance in Digest. The story of Four Way Books is inextricably linked with the spiritual topography of New York City. Can you tell us about this link? What does New York mean to you? What does New York mean for poetry?
JFM: I love this city, I truly do. I'm Angeleno by birth and temperament, so living in New York is at least partially anthropological, a study in compression and speed and experiments in stress. The city is unforgiving; it forces choice, and its luxuries are rarely free.
Recently I was at a talk with Ben Lerner on his new book The Hatred of Poetry and he mentioned that so much about what people hate about poets is tied up in that Whitman phrase "I loaf and invite my soul". That whatever Whitman's intentions, there is an image in the broader pop culture of poets as indolent, self-indulgent sponges. Perhaps that is true of poets who do not live here; certainly I have met people who write with a casual ease, and I genuinely respect that as a way of working. But the poets that I know writing in New York now do not treat poetry lightly; they write under that same pressure and drive. Each word accounts for itself on the page. The poem pays its own rent.
MR: As for myself, I moved here from the Boston area. It was my intention to forego college and move to Washington Square Park where I knew I would become best friends with the poets there. "Over my dead body," cried my father. I went to NYU, on the border of the park, and then transferred to the New School. I devoured poetry. I'd self-identified as a poet at 12 and I read, wrote, read and wrote around the clock. NYC, it seemed to me, was the only place to live. I went to readings every night, and all day and night on weekends. Over time, I've become more reclusive and the city has less importance to me as a writer. Having run 3 reading series for decades, along with other activities, I'm a bit burned out, in truth and place = NYC—plays less of a role in my poetry life. At least I think it does. I might be very wrong about that. And certainly, when I listened to "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry" every spring overlooking the Hudson, I think of Whitman and his beloved NY and look at the river, and then down my own street in Manhattan and think this is one hell of a back yard to pull from. Yet, New England is what really runs through my blood – its fields, sea, rivers, lakes, mountains. The hot, steamy summers, stilled town commons, white, green or black shuttered homes, lemonade mid-afternoon, quiet, easy. I don't live there now, but do my best to be in New England whenever I can.
So, my relationship to NYC has changed as I've grown up in the poetry world – it seems less urgent a relationship than it used to. For poetry? I couldn't venture to say.
DD: Cynthia Cruz's newest collection, How the End Begins, startled and disarmed me. The poems are like tiny dioramas of wild longing and mortal desperation, like Emily Dickinson wielding Kafka's ice-axe. One characteristic couplet from her poem, "Budapest," comes to mind: "And who said I couldn't/ die inside the warm balm of a lullaby." Can you talk about this collection and how it continues the conversation begun in the other collections of Cruz published by Four Way Books: Wunderkammer (2014) and The Glimmering Room (2012)?
RM: Cruz's poems are shockingly hot in the way that only something very cold can be. She is a precise writer and what we see over the span of Cruz's recent collections with Four Way Books is an effort to continually renew and expand language—Cruz's articulation and exploration of the themes she is passionate about. The Glimmering Room uses dramatic personae, monologues, and characters. Wunderkammer, as the title implies, is a cabinet of wonders, filled with precious (often troubling) miniatures. How the End Begins stretches its address, embracing beginnings and endings at once, as evidenced in the title (also a sequence of poems), and everything in between ("The Birthday Ceremony".) Her voice, her inventiveness, and her dexterity create poems as harrowing as they are beautiful.
DD: Four Way Books has cultivated relationships with many poets. You've published several notable collections by C. Dale Young and Kevin Prufer, for example. How does the editorial process change when you are working with an author over the course of several collections?
MR: C. Dale Young has published three poetry collections with us and one, his first, with Northwestern. We are now working on his debut fiction collection, The Affliction, which comprised of linked stories, you might even call it a novel in stories. C. Dale delivers nearly finished books, the editing that I do for him really addresses stylistic issues and I always defer to him, as any good editor does.
While I look at ordering decisions he's made, and also look to see if there are poems yet to be written or poems that just aren't needed in the books, I know that C. Dale has brought his manuscript through the wringer before submitting it to me. Same with his fiction collection, which I am editing now. While we've had a few discussions about the characters themselves, their motivations, conflicts, etc., the stories, I find, are beautifully crafted and realized. With CDY, I really challenge some stylistic decisions, which is an important job in itself.
Other authors turn in less realized manuscripts and the job then is to work with them over time, looking at multiple drafts, thinking about inclusion and exclusion of poems and stories, challenging the content and the ordering of material. A manuscript might go through revision, back and forth with me, over a year or more. It's a thrilling experience for me, and I trust for them, to see fine collections become fully explored and turned on their sides to stand upright and even stronger for the work we do together.
SB: Kevin and I have worked together on four books now: we have a deep sense of each other as writers and readers, and probably anticipate each other's thoughts and reactions pretty well. A shift for me has been that I can't help but see poems and collections in relation to each other, so whereas with National Anthem and In a Beautiful Country we spent a lot of time talking about order and particular poetic strategies (the section breaks mid-sentence, the role of rhyme, tone in general--) now I am most interested in the ways his new ms., How He Loved Them, shows us a mind we haven't seen before, or a way of working and thinking and reckoning with the world that feels Pruferian and familiar and also new. I really trust Kevin and the ways he pushes himself. I think (I hope!) he feels something similar about the way I read the poems. They are utterly his and I love them, and then in addition, it feels like a collaborative and valuable endeavor to work together on how best to present them as a body to the world.
DD: Martha, you are a talented poet yourself. Your collection Mother Quiet (Zoo Press, 2004) has been a favorite of mine for several years. Anyone who has lost a parent will gather much solace and strength from this remarkable book. Your poems "My Brain was Enormous" and the title poem, "Mother, Quiet," are particular favorites of mine. You explore the contours of grief and loss throughout this collection bluntly, but also in a fragmented fashion. Thank you for writing this book. What did you learn about loss, grief, yourself, your mother, and poetry throughout the writing of Mother Quiet?
MR: I am not sure that I learned about loss or grief from writing this book per se. What I learned, and continue to learn, is that presenting an emotional narrative, based in a life or imagined, is always challenging. I did not set out to write about my/a mother or loss of mind to disease, or, or, or. My books tend to become poetic sequences, and I kind of see all of them running into each other – At the Gate moves into Perfect Disappearance which moves into Mother Quiet which moves into the Beds. My 5th collection, The Thin Wall, forthcoming from University of Pittsburgh Press in 2017, is a departure from the others, a sequence of sorts too, but less autobiographical in nature (by that I mean that autobiographical and not, my other collections read as autobiography to a reader, I am aware of this, and may be in part or not, that's for me to know!) Anyway, this work is more eccentric, I would say, and the narrative threads of the highly lyric poems are even more disrupted than in past books. I would say, though, that with the other books, there are strong tethers that run through, poem to poem. Back to your question about grief and loss – I don't deal with either well in my life – I am a thin-skinned person when out of my emotional comfort zone. But action – of any kind – writing, reading, socializing, working – reminds me that what ails does not take up 100 per cent of my brain and heart – ever. There is more to the life than the problem the life faces at a given moment. So the act of writing, it seems to me, for me, makes me healthier at that moment. I am doing what I need to be doing. I am doing something that no one else can touch. I hope that makes sense to you!
DD: How has your work as an editor and book publisher influenced your life as a writer? In what ways has your writing life, in turn, influenced your editorial and publishing work?
MR: My work as a teacher has influenced my work as a writer much more than my work as an editor / publisher. Four Way Books, though it is my life's work, is my job. I love my job. I love the books we produce, the staff, the board of directors, and the projects we engage in on a daily basis. But it is my job. Teaching, a job too, reminds me each day of what we need to do as writers. It reminds me to practice what I preach. As an editor, this can happen too, of course! But when I work with students on poems, I am really working with myself as well. I've carefully chosen my career – as publisher / editor and as teacher to feed into my work as a writer. The complaint I have, of course, is the sheer amount of work I face and how it eats into my time as a writer. I work a twelve month year. No sabbaticals to look forward to. That's hard and wearing.
DD: You've taught at many universities and colleges. How has the creative writing classroom changed for you over the years?
MR: In truth, it NEVER occurred to me that I would a) publish a book and b) teach. I did not go to grad school to do either. I went to grad school to learn more about writing, and to get feedback on my poems. The mission was simple and pure. I taught because I was asked to teach. I published because I was encouraged to do so. Without those prompts, I'd be writing poems but I doubt I'd be teaching or publishing books. It was one of my teachers who said, "You are writing your first book." This statement was the first time it occurred to me that maybe I, too, could write a book. Another teacher said, after graduation, "Send it out." And then ambition for the work really kicked in. I wanted to be seen, read. Now, it seems to me, many students see the prize before they've done the work. This isn't a criticism on my part. It's just an answer to your question. The climate has become much more career-oriented and that, I believe, informs the weather of the workshop.
DD: In 2010, you took over the directorship of Frost Place Conference on Poetry in Franconia, NH. Can you tell us about the work you do there?
MR: I am one of several conference directors. I am not on staff there but am contracted to run one of their conferences – the Conference on Poetry – that takes place during the summer. I've modeled it after the best conferences / residencies I know – Bread Loaf and the residency at the MFA Program for Writers at Warren Wilson College. Faculty deliver classes during the week, run workshops, and give readings. There's 15 hours of workshop during the week and 6 hours of classes. Time for discussion, writing, revising, and dancing. It's a week in heavenly NH, overlooking the White Mountains.
DD: In a New York Times profile on Four Way Books, you mention Robert Frost's North of Boston as one of your favorite books. Can you tell us about Frost's influence on your writing life?
MR: I like the psychological complexity that Frost achieves in his best poems, through daily speech, music, form and structure. I am character driven in my own writing, so I enjoy his sense of the dramatic and how he achieves drama on the page. Just look at these four entry lines to Frost's poem, "The Fear":
A lantern light from deeper in the barn
Shone on a man and woman in the door
And threw their lurching shadows on a house
Nearby, all dark in every glossy window
He is a master of setting, of positioning and illuminating, getting us to focus on people, situations, through location and re-location.
DD: What have been the most significant changes in the poetry publishing world since you began Four Way Books in 1991?
MR: Ha and Shhh… I knew next to nothing when Four Way Books began. I learned day-by-day. And still do.
Publishers open their doors to a wider range of work these days and are more inclusive as they curate their lists. It's certainly not as much of a club as it was, though there are many camps. The publishers I respect are becoming familiar with the camps. The pool as a result is larger and more vibrant than ever before.
DD: What is one thing that American poetry needs more of, in your opinion?
MR: Readership. Buyers of books.
DD: What are some of the collections at Four Way Books that haven't received as much attention as they should? Which poets have you published who deserve more recognition than they have received so far?
MR: I don't think any of our books have gotten the attention they should, or writers the recognition they deserve. I think that's true across the board for poetry and literary fiction. I truly believe that all of our writers – absolutely all – deserve more attention, wider readership – their books (not just a poem) deserve to be course adopted.
DD: Four Way Books prides itself on publishing an extremely aesthetically diverse catalogue. In so doing, you have sidestepped some of the counterproductive sectarian squabbles of the poetry world. Can you talk about this commitment to stylistic plurality?
MR: The commitment comes from our hope that everyone feels that they can submit to Four Way Books – established or emerging, MFA or no MFA, part of a literary community or not, narrative writer or intensely lyric. We aspire toward inclusiveness.
DD: What forthcoming titles are you most excited about?
MR: I am excited about all, and look forward to the debut collection SCALE by Nathan McClain whose poems I've followed for a long time. It will be out in 2017. I am delighted that we are following our poets Andrea Cohen, Cynthia Cruz, Sara London, Kamilah Aisha Moon, Kevin Prufer, Daniel Tobin with new work in the near future.
DD: Can you end the interview by giving us one of your favorite poems from a Four Way Books author?
MR: One of our poets, Claire Kageyama-Ramakrishnan, passed away this year, at a very young age, succumbing to a lung infection. She lived and worked in Houston (with a PhD from the University of Houston) and her first book, Shadow Mountain, won our Intro Prize, selected by Kimiko Hahn. Her second book, Bear, Diamonds and Crane was also published by Four Way Books. This poem is from Shadow Mountain and is a section from the title sequence.
ONE QUESTION, SEVERAL ANSWERS by Claire Kageyama-Ramakrishnan
Where did your father live?
House on Federal, City of Angels.
Horse stall at a racetrack.
Near the aqueduct, in a man-made desert.
By a pear tree.
With pears, ripe pears from that tree.
Block 25.
With thin strips of tarpaper.
Pot under his straw mattress.
Waiting in line to use the latrines.
Waiting in line at the mess hall.
Waiting for his parents.
The Desert Chapel.
With his brothers,
transplants—Joshua trees.
In his mother's heart.
Barrack 12, Unit 3.
With 5 strand barbs.
With windstorms and bitterbrush.
With years of snowmelt, glacial erasure.
From SHADOW MOUNTAIN © 2008 by Claire Kageyama-Ramakrishnan. Appears with permission of Four Way Books. All rights reserved.
Martha Rhodes is a founding editor and the director of Four Way Books. She holds degrees from New School University (BA) and from the MFA Program for Writers at Warren Wilson College (MFA). She is the author of four collections of poetry: The Beds (Autumn House, 2012), Mother Quiet (University of Nebraska Press / Zoo, 2004), Perfect Disappearance (2000 Green Rose Prize, New Issues Press), and At the Gate (Provincetown Arts, 1995). She has taught at Emerson College, New School University, and University of California, Irvine. She currently teaches at Sarah Lawrence College and the MFA Program for Writers at Warren Wilson College. She also has taught at The Frost Place, Third Coast Writer's Conference, Bucknell University's June Seminar for Younger Writers, and The Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown. She is a frequent panelist at universities and conferences around the country. She is the current director of the Frost Place Conference on Poetry. She lives in NYC.
James Fujinami Moore, editorial and publicity assistant at Four Way Books, received his MFA in poetry from Hunter College in 2016. Prior to that he majored in English and dance at Middlebury College. He is from Los Angeles.
Ryan Murphy, Associate Director at Four Way Books, is the author of The Redcoats and Down with the Ship. He has received grants and awards from the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Chelsea Magazine, The Fund For Poetry, and The New York State Foundation for the Arts.
Sally Ball, Associate Director at Four Way Books, is the author of two books of poems, Wreck Me (Barrow Street, 2013) and Annus Mirabilis (Barrow Street, 2005). In addition to her work with Four Way Books, she is an assistant professor of English at Arizona State University in Tempe, AZ. Her poems have appeared in American Poetry Review, Harvard Review, Yale Review, and other journals, as well as online at The Awl, Narrative, and Slate.
Dante Di Stefano's collection of poetry, Love Is a Stone Endlessly in Flight, is forthcoming from Brighthorse Books. His poetry, essays, and reviews have appeared in Brilliant Corners, Iron Horse Literary Review, The Los Angeles Review, New Orleans Review, Obsidian, Prairie Schooner, Shenandoah, The Writer's Chronicle, and elsewhere. Most recently, he is the winner of the Red Hen Press Poetry Award and Crab Orchard Review's Special Issue Feature Award in Poetry. He lives in Endwell, New York.
Posted by Dante Distefano on September 30, 2016 at 04:21 PM in Book Recommendations, Dante Di Stefano, Feature, Guest Bloggers, Interviews, Meet the Press | Permalink

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Question 1: What is the total area of Haryana?
Question 2: What is the rank of Haryana area wise in all states of India ?
Question 3: What is the population of Haryana according to 2011 census ?
Question 4: What is the rank of Haryana population wise among all states of India?
Question 5: Which is the most populous city of Haryana ?
Question 6: Haryana is divided into how many divisions for administrative purposes ?
Question 7: How many districts are there in Haryana ?
Question 8: How many tehsils are there in Haryana ?
Question 9: Haryana was formed on which date?
Question 10: Which is the state tree of Haryana?
Question 11: Which is the state flower of Haryana?
Question 12: Which is the state Bird of Haryana?
Question 13: Which is the state animal of Haryana?
Question 14: What is the latitude and longitude of Haryana?
Question 15: The total geographical area of Haryana is what %age of total area of India?
The post Haryana General Knowledge Questions for HSSC and HCS Exam appeared first on General knowledge quiz | IAS preparation | GK India videos.


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Committee delays vote on former political commentator to head Office of Personnel Management
The Office of Personnel Management in Washington. (Sarah Silbiger for The Washington Post)
Eric Yoder
National reporter focusing on internal federal government personnel, management and budget policies
September 16, 2020 at 9:41 p.m. UTC
A Senate committee on Wednesday set aside a planned vote on the Trump administration's controversial nominee to head the Office of Personnel Management amid growing opposition.
The Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee had been scheduled to vote on the nomination of John Gibbs, for the past three years a senior official at the Housing and Urban Development Department.
"We're going to hold over his nomination because some of our members would like to request some additional information from the nominee," said the panel's chairman, Sen. Ron Johnson (R-Wis.).
There was no further discussion of Gibbs, who faced skeptical questioning at his confirmation hearing last week from senators of both parties regarding comments he had made and tweets he had sent while a political commentator before going to HUD.
Those included tweets that senators said could be viewed as anti-Islamic and others supportive of fringe concepts or people, including a baseless conspiracy theory involving senior Democrats and satanic worship.
In February 2016, for example, he tweeted, "JFK's Dem party: Tax cuts, Anti-commie, strong defense, lunar landing. Today's Dem party: Islam, gender-bending, anti-police, 'u racist!' "
When asked at the hearing last week whether he regretted making those comments, Gibbs said, "I regret that it's unfortunately become an issue," and he did not disavow them. He said that as a Black man who has experienced discrimination, he would not allow it as federal personnel director.
Earlier this week, the National Treasury Employees Union, one of the largest unions of federal workers, urged the committee to reject Gibbs, as had the Senior Executives Association, which represents top career leaders just below the level of political appointees.
"Mr. Gibbs is not qualified for this important position. We hope this delay is a sign that committee members of both parties are having reservations about putting someone in charge of federal personnel management policy that has shown a distinct lack of respect for the principles of a non-political merit system," NTEU President Tony Reardon said in an emailed statement.
Gibbs has little experience in federal personnel matters, having worked mainly in the software industry before going to HUD, where he oversees a community planning and development office. The two OPM directors previously confirmed during the Trump administration — both of whom resigned after about half a year following disputes with White House officials — in contrast had extensive backgrounds in those issues.
The OPM is being headed on an acting basis by its deputy director, Michael Rigas, who has been nominated to become the deputy director for management at the Office of Management and Budget.
The committee meanwhile approved three nominees for the five-seat governing board of the Thrift Savings Plan, the 401(k)-style retirement savings program for federal and military personnel. They were nominated just as the program prepared to expand one of its available investment funds to also reflect about two dozen emerging-market countries, including China.
At the confirmation hearing, all three expressed serious reservations about that change, which is on indefinite hold, although they did not explicitly rule it out.


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Тхакба () — вьетнамский топоним:
 Тхакба — крупное водохранилище на севере Вьетнама.
 Тхакба — город в уезде Йенбинь, провинция Йенбай.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Spend this summer in the heart of Europe! Study "Smart Governance", or "Life is Chemistry", while meeting new friends and making your 2019 summer one to remember.
The course runs from July 7th, 2019 to August 6th, 2019.
The Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) announces up to 8 vacancies for undergraduate students to work in a lab at the CNIO over the summer.


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Holding a competition that encourages people to post on social media in order to enter is a great way to gain even more impressions during the event. The more people that use your hashtag, the more people that will see and wish they were attending – ultimately resulting in more ticket sales for the following year. Whilst the prize doesn't have to be expensive, it helps if you want to get more people to enter.
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Have you ever hosted an event before? How did you incorporate social media? Let me know in the comment section below.


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A good follow up to the double ankle grab sweep is another option that works off wrapping an ankle. This one is normally known as the 'handstand sweep', though invariably there are lots of other names for it. As your partner stands in your closed guard, keep your guard closed, wrapping an arm around their same side ankle. You're looking to get the crook of your elbow behind their ankle: for further control, you could try reaching through to grab your own collar. For power, range and balance, put your free hand on the floor, as if you were doing a handstand (hence the name).
To complete the sweep, you need to bring their knee out sideways. Their foot has to be immobilised for that, or they'll be able to adjust and maintain their balance. To turn their knee out, bring your hips sideways, pushing into the inside of their knee (don't go above the knee, you need to stay either next to it or underneath). Once you've pushed it far enough so their leg swivels, that should knock them to the floor. Your guard stays closed throughout, opening at the last moment to adjust into mount.
However, that still leaves them a hand with which they can post out and recover. To prevent that, you can cross-grip their sleeve. This is what Xande calls the 'muscle sweep', because their ankle is by your 'muscle' (i.e., bicep). The set up is the same as before, but this time, you don't use your free hand to push off the floor. Instead, you grab their opposite sleeve, thereby both preventing them from posting out, and also providing you with an easy way of pulling yourself up into mount.
The difficulty is the decreased leverage at your disposal. Now that you can't use that hand to push up, you instead have to really push into their knee. Make sure your grip around their leg is tight, pulling their foot right up to your shoulder. You will also use your grip on their sleeve, pulling their arm to help you. This is tougher to pull off than the handstand, but it makes the transition to the top much easier.
Teaching Notes: I always show both the option of pushing off the floor and grabbing the sleeve, though the second one is much tougher to get. That was borne out again today, with people having trouble completing the sweep without the hand to push off. I also think that next time I'll make a point of keeping that grip low on the leg, to really bend their leg around your hip as you push. It seems that if the grip is too high above their foot, they can resist the sweep more easily, judging by the progressive resistance I watched today.


Fantastic fishing with plenty of Turbot and Brill during May and June and still being caught into August.
Fishing charters are aimed for smaller groups of anglers, up to a maximum of six. We fish mainly around the various sandbanks around the island. But can also do wreck fishing when picking up/dropping off in Cherbourg.
There are cooking facilities, a live bait tank and toilet on board. Rod hire and lead weights available on board.
We can pick-up and drop off in either Cherbourg or Guernsey. The fast ferry services from Portsmouth or Poole costing about £35 pp each way.


text:
Arsenal ace William Saliba sends warning to Manchester United ahead of Premier League clash
Mikel Arteta&aposs side sit at the top of the Premier League table with an eight-point lead over Manchester City in second. Arsenal, who secured a 2-0 victory over Tottenham in the North London derby at the weekend, have a nine-point advantage over Erik ten Hag&aposs men.
United have won their last nine matches in all competitions and are the only team to have beaten the Gunners in the Premier League so far this season. The Reds won 3-1 against Arsenal at Old Trafford in September, with Antony and Marcus Rashford (two) on the scoresheet for the home side.
Providing they beat Crystal Palace on Wednesday, Ten Hag&aposs side can take a huge step forward in their title push with a win over Arsenal on Sunday, but Gunners defender Saliba has insisted that he is relishing the chance to get revenge over the Reds.
"It is better when you have the pressure at the top than down. It is better like this," he told talkSPORT. "We dont have to have pressure, we have a big game next week.
"They are the only team to beat us in the Premier League and we want to beat them again at home. We will prepare for this game very good and we will win in front of our fans."
While United will be hoping to take the title race right to the wire this term, former defender Gary Neville does not believe the Reds – or the Gunners will win the league title this season.
Asked whether he thinks Arsenal will win their first league title since 2004 on the Gary Neville Podcast, he said: "No. But I said Leicester wouldnt win the league [during their 2015-16 title-winning campaign].


text:
\section{Introduction}
Meson-Nucleus systems are known to provide valuable information on the meson properties at finite density~\cite{Batty:1997zp,Friedman:2007zza,Hayano:2008vn,Metag:2017yuh}.
Especially, we think spectroscopic study of the deeply bound pionic atoms is very useful to investigate the pion properties~\cite{Piatom} and the aspects of the chiral symmetry at finite density~\cite{KSuzuki} based on the theoretical supports~\cite{Kolo,Jido}.
The pion-nucleon sigma term $\sigma_{\pi N}$, which is defined as the nucleon matrix element of the mass terms of the light $u$ and $d$ quarks in QCD, is one of the essential quantities to investigate the value of the chiral condensate in the nuclear medium. The $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term is also important to know the contribution of the explicit chiral symmetry breaking to the nucleon mass. The value of $\sigma_{\pi N}$, however, has not been determined accurately enough. For example, from the compilation of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values~\cite{Yamanaka:2018uud,Gupta:2021ahb} we find that the studies based on the pion-nucleon scattering concluded $\sigma_{\pi N} \sim 60$~MeV~\cite{Alarcon:2011zs,Yao:2016vbz,Hoferichter:2015tha,RuizdeElvira:2017stg}, while the results by the lattice calculations seems to be distributed within the range of $\sigma_{\pi N}= 30 \sim 60$~MeV~\cite{Yamanaka:2018uud,Gupta:2021ahb,QCDSF-UKQCD:2011qop,Lutz:2014oxa,Durr:2015dna,Ren:2017fbv,Yang:2015uis,Abdel-Rehim:2016won,Bali:2016lvx,Alexandrou:2019brg}. The $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value determined by the existing pionic atom data is reported to be $\sigma_{\pi N} = 57 \pm 7$~MeV~\cite{Friedman:2019zhc,Friedman:2020gsf} and is consistent with the results from the $\pi N$ scattering mentioned above. The analysis of the deeply bound pionic atoms in Ref.~\cite{KSuzuki}, on the other hand, indicates the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value to be $\sigma_{\pi N} \sim 45$~MeV, which is in good agreement with Refs.~\cite{Gasser:1990ce,Gasser:1990ap}.
In this exploratory level, we are much interested in the determination of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value by the precise data of the deeply bound pionic atoms expected to be obtained in near future~\cite{proposal2019}.
Actually the accuracy of each experimental datum is expected to be improved in coming experiments and we can also make use of the systematic data observed for the long Sn isotopes chain.

The experimental studies of the deeply bound pionic atoms in Sn isotopes have been performed recently at RIBF/RIKEN and
the formation spectra of the ($d,^3$He) reaction are measured successfully so that the angular dependence of the spectra is observed first time~\cite{Nishi_Exp}.
The binding energies and widths of the pionic 1$s$ and 2$p$ states have been determined simultaneously with great accuracy.
So far, the deeply bound pionic atoms in tin were observed in $^{115, \ 119, \ 121, \ 123}$Sn isotopes~\cite{KSuzuki,Nishi_Exp}.
Further experimental information with better precision is expected to be obtained for the pionic atoms in $^{111,123}$Sn by the ($d, ^3$He) reaction for $^{112,124}$Sn targets~\cite{proposal2019} and it might be very helpful for better determination of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term.

In this article,
we discuss the sensitivity of the observables of the deeply bound pionic atoms in $^{111,123}$Sn to the pion-nucleon sigma term
$\sigma_{\pi N}$ to investigate the possibility of the precise determination of the value of $\sigma_{\pi N}$ by the
accurate data of the deeply bound pionic atoms expected to be obtained at RIBF/RIKEN.

\section{Formalism}\label{formalism}
We explain the theoretical formula here to investigate the structure and formation of the deeply bound pionic atoms.
We consider two Models, which indicate two sets of the combinations of the pion-nucleus optical potential and the nuclear density distributions,
and study the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term dependence of the deeply bound pionic atom observables by embedding  $\sigma_{\pi N}$ into the potential parameters.

We solve the Klein-Gordon equation~\cite{Piatom,Ikeno},
\begin{equation}
\left[-\nabla^{2}+\mu^{2}+2\mu V_{\rm{opt}}(r)\right]\phi(\vec{r}\,)
=\left[ E- V_{\rm{em}}(r)\right]^{2} \phi(\vec{r}\,),
\label{KGeq}
\end{equation}
to study the structure of the pionic atoms,
where $\mu$ is the pion-nucleus reduced mass, $E$ the eigen energy written as $E=\mu-B_{\pi}-\displaystyle \frac{i}{2}\Gamma_\pi$ with the binding energy $B_\pi$ and the width $\Gamma_\pi$ of the atomic states.
The electromagnetic interaction $V_{\rm em}$ is described as~\cite{Ikeno:2015ioa,oset},
\begin{equation}
V_{{\rm em}}(r) = - \frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \int \frac{\rho_{{\rm ch}}(r') Q ( | \vec{r} - \vec{r' }|) }{| \vec{r} - \vec{r' }|} d \vec{r '} ,
\label{eq:Vem}
\end{equation}
here $Q(r)$ is defined as,
\begin{equation}
Q(r) = 1 + \frac{2}{3 \pi }\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\int^\infty_1 du\, e^{-2m_e ru}\left( 1+ \frac{1}{2u^2} \right)  \frac{(u^2-1)^{1/2}}{u^2}
\end{equation}
with the electron mass $m_e$. This $V_{\rm em}$ includes the effects of the finite nuclear charge distribution $\rho_{\rm ch}(r)$ and the vacuum polarization.

We consider two combinations of the optical potential $V_{\rm opt}$ and the nuclear density distributions (Model~(I) and Model~(II)), which are explained in the following subsections~\ref{subsec2.1} and \ref{subsec2.2}.
In the subsection~\ref{subsec2.3}, we describe how to embed the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term into the optical potential.

We also calculate the pionic atom formation spectra in the ($d, ^3$He) reaction with the effective number approach~\cite{Ikeno:2015ioa,Ikeno:2011aa,Umemoto}.
The spectra at the forward angles for the Sn isotopes have been calculated in Ref.~\cite{Umemoto,Umemoto_Dthesis} and at the finite angles in Refs.~\cite{Ikeno:2015ioa,Ikeno:2011aa}. We follow the same formula in this article to calculate the formation spectra.

\begin{table*}[htb]
\caption{\label{table:Vopt_para}
Pion-nucleus optical potential parameters used in this article. The parameters for Model~(I) are obtained in Ref~\cite{SM} for the so-called Ericson-Ericson potential~\cite{Ericson} and those for Model~(II) are obtained in the analyses of the latest experimental data with taking into account the residual interaction effects of the pion and neutron hole~\cite{Exp_itahashi}. The parameters $b_0$ and $b_1$ are determined from the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term as discussed in the subsection~\ref{subsec2.3}.
}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cc|cc}
\hline
 & Potential parameter  &~~~Model~(I)  & ~~~Model~(II)~   \\ \hline
 & $b_{0}~ [m_{\pi}^{-1}]$ &~~~see subsection~\ref{subsec2.3} &~~~see subsection~\ref{subsec2.3}  \\
 & $b_{1}~ [m_{\pi}^{-1}]$ &~~~see subsection~\ref{subsec2.3} &~~~see subsection~\ref{subsec2.3} \\
 & $c_{0}~ [m_{\pi}^{-3}]$ &~~~ $  0.223$ &~~~$0.220$ \\
 & $c_{1}~ [m_{\pi}^{-3}]$ &~~~ $  0.25 $ &~~~$ 0.180$  \\
 & $B_{0}~ [m_{\pi}^{-4}]$ &~~~ $ 0.042~i$ &~~~ $-0.021+ 0.047~i$ \\
 & $C_{0}~ [m_{\pi}^{-6}]$ &~~~ $ 0.10~i $ &~~~ $-0.010 + 0.063~i$ \\
 & $\lambda$ &~~~ $ 1.0$ &~~~ $1.0$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\caption{\label{table:R,a}
The radius parameter $R_{\rm ch}$ of the charge distribution of the Sn isotopes~\cite{Fricke} used in Eq.~(\ref{rho_ch}) in Model~(I).  The diffuseness parameter $a_{\rm ch}$ in Eq.~(\ref{rho_ch}) is fixed to be $a_{\rm ch}=t$/(4 ln3) for all nuclei with $t=2.30$ fm in Ref.~\cite{Fricke}. }
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cl|cccc}
\hline
 &nuclide &~~ $^{112}$Sn &~~~~$^{124}$Sn~ & \\ \hline
 &$R_{\rm ch}$ [fm] &~~ 5.3714 &~~~~  5.4907 &~~~~ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\subsection{Model~(I)}\label{subsec2.1}
First, we consider one of the standard optical potential, so called
Ericson-Ericson type~\cite{Ericson} written as,
\begin{eqnarray}
2\mu V_{\rm opt}(r)
&=&-4\pi[b(r)+\varepsilon_2B_0\rho^2(r)] \nonumber\\
& & +4\pi\nabla\cdot[c(r)+\varepsilon_2^{-1}C_0\rho^2(r)]L(r)\nabla,
\label{eq:Vopt}
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
b(r) &=& \varepsilon_{1}[b_{0}\rho(r)+b_{1}[\rho_n(r)-\rho_p(r)]], \label{Vopt_Swave1}\\
c(r) &=& \varepsilon_{1}^{-1}[c_{0}\rho(r)+c_{1} [\rho_n(r)-\rho_p(r)]],\label{Vopt_Pwave2}\\
L(r) &=& \left\{ 1+ \frac{4}{3} \pi\lambda[c(r)+
      \varepsilon_{2}^{-1}C_{0}\rho^{2} (r)] \right\}^{-1}, \label{Vopt_Pwave3}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\varepsilon_{1}$ and $\varepsilon_{2}$ are defined as
$\varepsilon_{1}=1+\displaystyle \frac{\mu}{M}$ and
$\varepsilon_{2}=1+\displaystyle \frac{\mu}{2M}$ with
the nucleon mass $M$.
The parameters $b$'s and $c$'s indicate the $s$-wave and $p$-wave $\pi N$ interaction, respectively. The parameters $b_0$ and $b_1$ are replaced by the density dependent form with the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term as explained in subsection~\ref{subsec2.3}.
The potential terms with parameter $B_0$ and $C_0$ are higher order contributions to the optical potential, and $\lambda$ the Lorentz-Lorenz correction.
We use the potential parameters obtained in Ref.~\cite{SM} except for $b_0$ and $b_1$, which are compiled in Table~\ref{table:Vopt_para}.

As for the nuclear densities appeared in the electromagnetic interaction $V_{\rm em}$ and the pion-nucleus optical potential $V_{\rm opt}$, we use the Woods-Saxon form in Model~(I).
The charge density distribution in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Vem}), which is normalized to the nuclear charge, is written as,
\begin{equation}
\rho_{\rm ch}(r) = \frac{ \rho_{\rm ch 0}}{1+ \exp[(r-R_{\rm ch})/a_{\rm ch}]},
\label{rho_ch}
\end{equation}
with the radius parameter $R_{\rm ch}$ and the diffuseness parameter $a_{\rm ch}$.
The values of the radius parameter $R_{\rm ch}$ are taken from Ref.~\cite{Fricke} and shown in Table~\ref{table:R,a}.
The diffuseness parameter $a_{\rm ch}$ in Ref.~\cite{Fricke} is fixed to be $a_{\rm ch}=t$/(4 ln3) for all nuclei with $t=2.30$ fm.

The distributions of the center of nucleon ($\rho$), proton ($\rho_p$), and neutron ($\rho_n$) appeared in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Vopt})--(\ref{Vopt_Pwave3}) are also written by the Woods-Saxon form as,
\begin{equation}
\rho(r)=\rho_{p}(r)+ \rho _{n}(r)
=\frac{ \rho_{0}}{1+ \exp[(r-R)/a]},
\label{rho}
\end{equation}
where we assume the same distribution shape for the both of the proton and the neutron distributions.
The densities $\rho$, $\rho_p$ and $\rho_n$ are normalized to be mass, proton and neutron numbers, respectively.
The radius and diffuseness parameters $R$ and $a$ are determined from the parameters $R_{\rm ch}$ and $a_{\rm ch}$ of the charge distribution $\rho_{\rm ch}$ by the prescription described in Ref.~\cite{oset}.

\subsection{Model~(II)}\label{subsec2.2}
As for Model~(II), we consider the optical potential and the nuclear densities used in the latest analyses of the experimental data of the deeply bound pionic atoms in Sn~\cite{Exp_itahashi}.
The form of the pion-nucleus optical potential $V_{\rm opt}$ is modified to have a slightly different imaginary parts from Model~(I) as,
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
2\mu V_{\rm opt}(r)
&=& -4\pi \left[ b(r)  +\varepsilon_2 \left( {\rm Re}B_0\rho^2(r)
+ {\rm Im} B_0 \frac{4}{3} [2\rho_n(r) \rho_p(r) + \rho_p^2(r)]
\right) \right]  \nonumber\\
& & +4\pi\nabla\cdot \left[ c(r)+\varepsilon_2^{-1}
\left( {\rm Re} C_0\rho^2(r)
+ {\rm Im}C_0  \frac{4}{3} [2\rho_n(r) \rho_p(r) + \rho_p^2(r)]
\right) \right] L(r)\nabla,
\label{eq:Vopt_new}
\end{eqnarray}
where $L(r)$ is defined as,
\begin{eqnarray}
L(r) &=& \left\{ 1+ \frac{4}{3} \pi\lambda \left[c(r)+
      \varepsilon_{2}^{-1}
\left( {\rm Re} C_0\rho^2(r)
+ {\rm Im}C_0  \frac{4}{3} [2\rho_n(r) \rho_p(r) + \rho_p^2(r)]
\right)
\right] \right\}^{-1},
\label{eq:L_new}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}
where the unphysical contributions to the imaginary part of the potential corresponding to the $\pi^ -$ absorption by the neutron pairs are removed out. The form of the $b(r)$ and $c(r)$ are the same as those of Model~(I).
The potential parameters used in Model~(II) except for $b_0$ and $b_1$ are shown in Table~\ref{table:Vopt_para}. The parameters are determined in the analysis of the latest experimental data of the deeply bound pionic atoms in Sn isotopes~\cite{Exp_itahashi}.

In Model~(II), we make use of the nuclear densities of Sn isotopes which are determined in Ref.~\cite{Terashima:2008zza}. The measured density distributions are interpolated by the 5-th order Spline function to express the distributions of the center of proton ($\rho_p$) and neutron ($\rho_n$) in the useful form for the analyses of the experimental data~\cite{Exp_itahashi}.
The density functions of odd mass number Sn isotopes are obtained by the interpolation of the averaged data of the nearest neighbor even mass Sn isotopes, e.g. $^{122}$Sn and $^{124}$Sn for $^{123}$Sn.
The nuclear distribution $\rho$ is defined as the sum of the proton and the neutron distributions as $\rho(r) = \rho_p(r) + \rho_n (r)$. The nuclear charge distribution $\rho_{\rm ch}$ in the electromagnetic interaction $V_{\rm em}$ in Model~(II) is also obtained and parametrized in the similar manner from the densities determined in Ref.~\cite{Terashima:2008zza}.
We consider the pionic atoms only in $^{123}$Sn in Model~(II) because of the lack of the experimental information on the estimation of the $^{111}$Sn density at present.
The new experiment has been planned to measure the $^{112}$Sn density distributions~\cite{Zenihiro}, which can be used to evaluate the density of $^{111}$Sn reliably. Thus, we can expect to use the $^{111}$Sn density for Model~(II) in the near future.

\subsection{$\sigma_{\pi N}$ term in the optical potential parameters}\label{subsec2.3}
We consider the pion-nucleus optical potentials in which the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term is embedded to study the sensitivities of the observables of the deeply bound pionic atoms to the value of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term. We follow the form proposed in Refs.~\cite{Weise:2000xp,Weise:2001sg} based on the Tomozawa~\cite{Tomozawa:1966jm}--Weinberg~\cite{Weinberg:1966kf} and the Gell-Mann--Oakes--Renner~\cite{Gell-Mann:1968hlm} relations, and determine the value of the $s$-wave isovector potential parameter $b_1$ in terms of $\sigma_{\pi N}$ as,
\begin{equation}
b_1(\rho) =b_1^{\rm free}\left(1-\frac{\sigma_{\pi N}}{m_{\pi}^2f_{\pi}^2} \rho\right)^{-1},
\label{eq:b1_sigma}
\end{equation}
where $b_1^{\rm free}$ is the isovector  $\pi N$ scattering length in vacuum $b_1^{\rm free}=-0.0861 \ m_{\pi}^{-1}$~\cite{Baru:2010xn}, and $f_\pi$ the pion decay constant in vacuum $f_{\pi}=92.4$~MeV~\cite{Weise:2000xp}.
This form is also adopted in Refs.~\cite{Friedman:2019zhc,Friedman:2020gsf}.

As indicated in Eq.~(\ref{eq:b1_sigma}), the $b_1$ parameter in the potential has the explicit density dependence by including the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term. We, then, also take into account the double scattering effects to the $s$-wave isoscalar potential parameter $b_0$~\cite{Ericson} with the density dependent $b_1$ parameter in Eq.~(\ref{eq:b1_sigma}) as,
\begin{eqnarray}
b_0(\rho) =  b_0^{\rm free} - \varepsilon_1 \frac{3}{2\pi} ( b_0^{\rm free \, 2} + 2b_1^2(\rho) ) \left( \frac{3\pi^2}{2} \rho \right)^{1/3},
\label{eq:b0_double}
\end{eqnarray}
where $b_0^{\rm free}$ is the isoscalar $\pi N$ scattering length in vacuum $b_0^{\rm free}=0.0076 \ m_{\pi}^{-1}$~\cite{Baru:2010xn}. In Eq.~(\ref{eq:b0_double}), the local Fermi momentum of the nucleon is expressed by the nuclear density $\rho$ as $ \displaystyle \left( \frac{3\pi^2}{2} \rho \right)^{1/3}$.
Thus, the explicit $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term inclusion requires to consider the density dependent $b_0$ and $b_1$ parameters in the optical potential.

\section{Results}\label{result}
In this section, we show the calculated results of the observables of the deeply bound  pionic atoms with the different $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values within the range of $25 \leq \sigma_{\pi N} \leq 60$~MeV to study the sensitivities of them to $\sigma_{\pi N}$.

\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
 \includegraphics[scale=0.73]{b0b1_rho.pdf}
 \caption{Density dependence of the $b_0(\rho)$ (Eq.~(\ref{eq:b0_double})) and $b_1(\rho)$ (Eq.~(\ref{eq:b1_sigma})) parameters are shown for the different $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values as indicated in the figure.
The values of the constant $b_0$ and $b_1$ parameters in Refs.~\cite{SM} and \cite{Exp_itahashi} indicated  as (I) and (II) are also shown by the dotted lines. The normal nuclear density $\rho_0$ and the effective density $\rho_{\rm eff}$~\cite{rhoe} are also indicated in the figure.
  }
 \label{fig:b0b1}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{fig:b0b1}, first we show the density dependence of the $b_0(\rho)$ parameter defined in Eq.~(\ref{eq:b0_double}) and the $b_1(\rho)$ parameter in Eq.~(\ref{eq:b1_sigma}) for three different $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values, $\sigma_{\pi N} = 25$, 45, and 60~MeV.
The normal nuclear density $\rho_0 = 0.17$~fm$^{-3}$ and the effective density $\rho_{\rm eff} = 0.6~\rho_0$ for the pionic atoms, which is introduced in Ref.~\cite{rhoe} and used in the analysis of Ref.~\cite{KSuzuki}, are indicated in the figure. In Fig.~\ref{fig:b0b1}, we also plot the constant $b_0$ and $b_1$ parameter values obtained in Refs.~\cite{SM} and \cite{Exp_itahashi} for comparison.
The larger $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values causes the stronger density dependence of the parameters, and thus, causes the more repulsive pion-nucleus $s$-wave interaction. We find that the $b_1(\rho)$ value at the effective density $\rho_{\rm eff}$ is almost consistent with the constant $b_1$ value in Refs.~\cite{SM} and \cite{Exp_itahashi} for the value of $\sigma_{\pi N} \sim 60$~MeV.

The structures of the deeply bound states are obtained by solving the Klein-Gordon equation with the optical potential Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Vopt})--(\ref{Vopt_Pwave3}) for Model~(I) and Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Vopt_new})--(\ref{eq:L_new}) for Model~(II). We use the density dependent $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$ instead of the constant $b_0$ and $b_1$ values and study how the structure of the states changes with the different values of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term. We show in Fig.~\ref{fig:wf} the calculated pionic radial density distributions in $^{123}$Sn for Model~(I) and Model~(II) with the $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$ parameters for $\sigma_{\pi N} = 25$, 45, and 60~MeV cases. We can see from the figures that the densities are pushed more outwards for the larger $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values because of the stronger repulsive effects of the potential.

\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.68]{wf_sigma.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.68]{wf_sigma_Exp.pdf}
 \caption{The radial density distributions of the pionic 1$s$, 2$p$, and 2$s$ states in $^{123}$Sn are plotted as the functions of the radial coordinate $r$
for the different $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values as indicated in the figures for Model~(I) and Model~(II). The density dependent $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$ parameters are used. The vertical line shows the radius of $^{123}$Sn.}
 \label{fig:wf}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[tb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{BEGam_1s_112Sn_SM.pdf} \\
 \caption{The binding energy ($B_\pi$) and the width ($\Gamma_\pi$) of the pionic 1$s$ state in $^{111}$Sn are plotted as the functions of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value for Model~(I) with the density dependent $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$ parameters.
}
 \label{fig:BE_sigma}
\end{figure}

\begin{table*}[htb]
\caption{\label{table:BE}
The calculated average shifts of the observables of the deeply bound pionic states are shown in the unit of keV for the 1~MeV change of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value $\Delta \sigma_{\pi N}=1$~MeV. $\Delta (B_\pi(1s)- B_\pi(2p) )$ and $\Delta ( \Gamma_\pi(1s) - \Gamma_\pi(2p) ) $ indicate the average shifts of the differences of the binding energies and widths between the $1s$ and $2p$ states for the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ change $\Delta \sigma_{\pi N} = 1$~MeV, respectively.
 }
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cc|cc|cc}
\hline
 & &~~ $^{123}$Sn &~~~~ &~~$^{111}$Sn~~~ & \\
 & $\left[ {\rm keV} \right]$~~~~ &~~~ Model~(I) & ~~~Model~(II) & ~~~Model~(I)~~ &  \\ \hline
 & $ \left| \Delta B_\pi(1s) \right| $ &~~ 6.2 &~~~~  5.0 &~~~~ 7.5 \\
 & $ \left| \Delta \Gamma_\pi(1s) \right| $  &~~ 5.9 &~~~~  4.7 &~~~~ 12.9 \\ \hline
 & $ \left| \Delta B_\pi(2p)  \right| $ &~~ 1.7 &~~~~  1.4 &~~~~ 1.7 \\
 & $ \left| \Delta \Gamma_\pi(2p)  \right| $  &~~ 2.5  &~~~~  1.6 &~~~~3.6 \\ \hline
 & $ |\Delta (B_\pi(1s)- B_\pi(2p) )| $ &~~ 4.5 &~~~~ 3.6 &~~~~ 5.8 \\
 & $ |\Delta ( \Gamma_\pi(1s) - \Gamma_\pi(2p) )| $  &~~ 3.4  &~~~~3.1   &~~~ 9.3 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
 \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{BEGam_sigma_Sn_SM.pdf}
 \caption{ The mass number dependence of the calculated shifts of the observables of the deeply bound pionic states is shown for the 1~MeV change of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value $\Delta \sigma_{\pi N}=1$~MeV in Sn isotopes for Model~(I).
}
 \label{fig:BE_sigma_Sn}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{fig:BE_sigma}, the binding energy and the width of the deeply bound 1$s$ state in $^{111}$Sn are plotted as the functions of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value for Model~(I).
In the figure, we find that each observable depends on the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value almost linearly within the range of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value considered here. Thus, we use the average slope of the line, namely the average size of the shift of each observable due to the 1~MeV variation of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value $\Delta \sigma_{\pi N} =1$~MeV, to express the sensitivity of the observable to $\sigma_{\pi N}$.
We note here that this figure should not be used directly to determine the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value by the binding energy and/or the width since the figure is just to show the sensitivities of the observables to the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value. To determine the absolute value of $\sigma_{\pi N}$, we need thorough analyses of the data in general.
The sizes of the calculated sensitivity of the observables are compiled in Table~\ref{table:BE} for the cases considered in this article.
We find that the sensitivities of the $1s$ state observables are stronger than those of the $2p$ states as naturally expected and the shifts of the $1s$ state binding energy $\Delta B_\pi (1s)$ is within the range of $|\Delta B_\pi (1s)| = 5.0 \sim 7.5$~keV for the 1~MeV variation of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value $\Delta \sigma_{\pi N} = 1$~MeV for the cases considered here.
We also find the larger sensitivities for the pionic states in lighter Sn isotope $^{111}$Sn to $\sigma_{\pi N}$ because of the less repulsive optical potential due to the smaller neutron numbers and the larger overlap of pionic wave function with nucleus.
The shift of the width of the $1s$ pionic states $\Delta \Gamma_\pi(1s)$ in $^{111}$Sn is 12.9~keV for Model~(I) for the $\Delta \sigma_\pi = 1$~MeV variation, which is more than twice of $\Delta \Gamma_\pi(1s)$ in $^{123}$Sn cases as shown in Table~\ref{table:BE}. We show the mass number dependence of the sensitivity of each observable in Fig.~\ref{fig:BE_sigma_Sn} and find clearly the stronger sensitivities of the observables, especially $\Gamma_\pi (1s)$, for lighter Sn isotopes.

These calculated sensitivities of the observables can be compared with the accuracy of the latest experimental data~\cite{Nishi_Exp,Exp_itahashi}.
The typical errors of the up-to-date experiments for the deeply bound pionic atom observables by the ($d,^3$He) reactions in Sn region are around 80~keV for the binding energy of the $1s$ state and around 40~keV for the width of the $1s$ state. In addition, some of the combinations of the observables are known to have the advantages to reduce the systematic errors. For our purpose, the gap of the binding energies of the $1s$ and $2p$ states, $B_\pi(1s) - B_\pi(2p)$, is considered to be important since they can be determined far more accurately and its error is expected to be 10 $\sim$ 15~keV for Sn region.
We can estimate the uncertainties of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value determination by the expected experimental errors and the calculated sensitivities of the observables.
The calculated sensitivity of the energy gap $|\Delta (B_\pi(1s) - B_\pi(2p))|$ for $^{111}$Sn for Model~(I) is 5.8~keV as shown in Table~\ref{table:BE}. In this case, the experimental error 10 $\sim$ 15~keV of this energy gap can be interpreted as the uncertainty of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value $\displaystyle 1.7\sim 2.6$~MeV, which is obtained by dividing the experimental error 10 $\sim$ 15~keV by the sensitivity of the observable 5.8~keV for the 1~MeV change of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value.
The sensitivities of the energy gap obtained here are 3.6, 4.5, 5.8~keV as shown in Table~\ref{table:BE}. The corresponding uncertainties of $\sigma_{\pi N}$ to the experimental error 10 $\sim$ 15~keV, thus, distribute within the range of 1.7 $\sim$ 4.2~MeV. Hence, we evaluate the uncertainty of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value determination using the data of $| \Delta (B_\pi (1s) - B_\pi(2p)) |$ to be around 3~MeV.
This is much better than the uncertainties based on the use of the absolute value of $B_\pi(1s)$ for $^{111}$Sn. The expected size of the experimental error 80~keV of $B_\pi(1s)$ and the calculated sensitivity 7.5~keV for the 1~MeV change of $\sigma_{\pi N}$ in $^{111}$Sn conclude that the expected uncertainty of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value is large and would be $\displaystyle 11$~MeV which is estimated as 80~keV/(7.5~keV/$\Delta \sigma =1$~MeV). Similarly, the width of the $1s$ state for $^{111}$Sn provides the relatively small expected uncertainty of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value to be $\displaystyle 3.1$~MeV for the experimental error 40~keV.
Thus, we find from the typical size of the experimental errors and the calculated sensitivities of the observables that the energy gap between the $1s$ and $2p$ states, and the width of the $1s$ state in lighter Sn isotopes have the larger possibility to provide the important information to determine the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value precisely.

\begin{figure*}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{124Sn_Cross_SM_0deg.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{124Sn_Cross_SM_1deg.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{124Sn_Cross_SM_2deg.pdf}
\caption{Formation cross sections of the deeply bound pionic atoms in $^{123}$Sn by the  $^{124}$Sn($d, ^3$He) reactions are shown at the different scattering angles of the emitted $^{3}$He nucleus in the laboratory frame as $\theta_{\rm d He}^{\rm Lab} = 0^\circ$ (left), $1^\circ$ (middle),  $2^\circ$ (right), respectively. The results are obtained with Model~(I) with the density dependent $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$ parameters with three different $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values as indicated in the figure. Experimental energy resolution is assumed to be $\Delta E = 150$~keV.
The contributions from the quasi-free pion production are not included in the theoretical spectra.
}
\label{fig:cross_124Sn}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{124Sn_Cross_Exp_0deg.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{124Sn_Cross_Exp_1deg.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{124Sn_Cross_Exp_2deg.pdf}
\caption{Same as Fig.~\ref{fig:cross_124Sn} except for Model~(II) with the density dependent $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$ parameters.}
 \label{fig:cross_Nishi_124Sn}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{112Sn_Cross_SM_0deg.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{112Sn_Cross_SM_1deg.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{112Sn_Cross_SM_2deg.pdf}
\caption{Same as Fig.~\ref{fig:cross_124Sn} except for the deeply bound pionic atoms in $^{111}$Sn by the $^{112}$Sn($d, ^3$He) reactions.}
\label{fig:cross_112Sn}
\end{figure*}

Then, we show in Figs.~\ref{fig:cross_124Sn}--\ref{fig:cross_112Sn} the calculated spectra of the ($d, ^3$He) reactions for the formation of the deeply bound pionic states for $^{112, 124}$Sn targets for Model~(I) and (II) with the density dependent $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$ parameters. We find that the shape of the spectrum have the reasonable sensitivity to the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value at each scattering angle. Especially, the peak height of the pionic 1$s$ state formation is clearly reduced for the smaller $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values for all cases considered here because of the less repulsive potential and thus, larger absorptive width of the state.
In the analyses of the experimental formation spectra, we can expect to obtain the information on the potential parameters including the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value by comparing them with the theoretical results~\cite{Nishi_Exp,Exp_itahashi}.
As a possibility, the behavior of the shape of the tail of the largest peak structure due to 1$s$ bound state formation could provide the extra information on the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value in addition to those from the binding energy and width of the state.

\begin{figure*}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.65]{124Sn_NeffK_SM_1s2p.pdf}
\includegraphics[scale=0.65]{124Sn_NeffK_SM_1s2p_ratio.pdf}
\caption{
(Left) The calculated angular dependence of the differential cross sections $\displaystyle \left( \frac{d \sigma}{d \Omega} \right)$ for the pionic 1$s$ and 2$p$ state formation in the $^{124}$Sn($d, ^3$He) reaction is shown in the unit of the elementary cross section $\displaystyle \left( \frac{d \sigma}{d \Omega} \right)^{\rm elementary}$. The cross sections are obtained as the sum of the contributions of all neutron hole states, and are calculated with Model~(I) with the density dependent $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$ parameters with three different $\sigma_{\pi N}$ values as indicated in the figure.
(Right) The angular dependence of the ratio of the pionic 1$s$ and 2$p$ states formation in the $^{124}$Sn($d, ^3$He) reaction with Model~(I) with the density dependent $b_0(\rho)$ and $b_1(\rho)$.
}
 \label{fig:cross_124Sn_SM_angle}
\end{figure*}

We show in Fig.~\ref{fig:cross_124Sn_SM_angle} (left) the calculated angular dependence of the differential cross sections $\displaystyle \left( \frac{d \sigma}{d \Omega} \right)$ for the pionic 1$s$ and 2$p$ state formation in the unit of the cross section of the elementary process $d + n \to {^3 \rm He} + \pi^-$. The differential cross sections for the specific pionic state formation are obtained theoretically by summing up the contributions of all neutron hole states. We also show the angular dependence of the ratio of the 1$s$ and 2$p$ state formation in Fig.~\ref{fig:cross_124Sn_SM_angle} (right) as the similar plot of the experimental data in Fig.~4 in Ref.~\cite{Nishi_Exp}. We find that the angular dependence of the formation cross section is quite stable to the change of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value and has only rather weak sensitivities to the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value.

\section{conclusions}\label{conclusion}
In this article, we study the sensitivities of the observables of the deeply bound pionic atoms to the value of the pion-nucleon sigma term $\sigma_{\pi N}$ and investigate the experimental feasibilities of them to determine the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value precisely by considering the expected errors of the up-to-date experiments.
So far, the analyses of the data have been performed based on the usage of the effective nuclear density $\rho_{\rm eff}$ probed by the pionic atoms which would be slightly different for different nuclei and different bound states.
In this article, we improve the theoretical formula and implement the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term in the optical potential to treat the density dependence of the potential parameters for isoscalar ($b_0$) and isovector ($b_1$) terms explicitly without using the concept of the effective density.

We calculate the various observables and study the sensitivities of them to the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value for the deeply bound pionic atoms in $^{111}$Sn and $^{123}$Sn by two Models.
We find that the binding energies and widths of the pionic $1s$ states have the largest sensitivities to the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value. The sensitivities tend to be even larger for the lighter Sn isotopes, and the shifts of the $1s$ binding energy $\Delta B_\pi (1s)$ and the $1s$ width $\Delta \Gamma_\pi (1s)$ in $^{111}$Sn are found to be $\Delta B_\pi (1s)= 7.5$~keV and $\Delta \Gamma_\pi (1s)=12.9$~keV for the variation of the value of the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ term $\Delta \sigma_{\pi N} =1$~MeV. By considering the expected errors of the up-to-date experiments, we conclude that the energy gap of the $1s$ and $2p$ pionic states $|\Delta (B_\pi(1s) - B_\pi(2p) )|$ and the width of the $1s$ state for the lighter Sn isotope are expected to be most important observables to determine the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value precisely. The uncertainties to the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value due to the experimental errors to these observables are estimated to be 3~MeV. We also find the shapes of the formation spectra by the ($d, ^3$He) reactions have the reasonable sensitivities to the $\sigma_{\pi N}$ value and we can expect to obtain extra information from the observed spectra by comparing them to the theoretical results.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}
We appreciate the fruitful discussions with D.~Jido. The work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP19K14709, JP16340083, JP18H01242, JP20KK0070, and by MEXT KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP22105517, JP24105712, JP15H00844.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


I'm gonna make my holiest of T'Rexxxes* poop on the floor of your cathedral. Then we can talk about respect - like how you are not worshiping the pile, you filthy heathen.
Sounds kinda cool, but I'm not sure if I like Elune being associated with the void. They should make those energies something unique./tinfoilhat Then again, I was sure Elune is an old god ever since she used tentacles to take Ysera into the sky.
09/11/2018 15:43Posted by ElyssarainOn the contrary, they made great efforts towards helping the lives of the innocent (See Thassarian's quests) and made efforts to reduce collateral daamge, with the exception of the red dragon massacre.Highlord Tirion Fordring says: We will do this with honor, Darion. We will not sink to the levels of the Scourge to be victorious. To do so would make us no better than the monster that we fight to destroy!The Ebon Watcher (AKA Darion) says: Then you have lost, Highlord.
KotEB are not endless in numbers. There is not much they could do against world powers such as Horde or Alliance. Some of you people talk like they could just walk up next to Sylvanas and fight her without interference - and that just woudn't happen.
I have a little personal theory that it goes top to bottom. From the most active to the least active. Light as a maximum creative potential, yet mostly inactive. Life and demons as highly active changing creatures. Arcane and death being rather rigid and void turning to complete stillness and mirroring the light.
08/11/2018 02:19Posted by XemeronIn TBC, Illidan was clearly working with demons of the Burning Legion,He was not working for the legion. Not any more then player warlock is.
06/11/2018 12:59Posted by FrozenshadowShe lied to her people about the intent of the plague, it was meant to be a cure and not a weapon.ahahahhahahahahahahahh....ahahahhahahahahahhahaah!


text:
Like it or not, Suleimani was an Iranian state actor
Better for world and life on Earth for Russia to be in charge
Fabian Fjälling
Sweden's democracy is decaying. Reporters are prevented by police to do their job, academics are arrested.
An IMF loan as an excuse to push through politically difficult structural changes
The dirtiest means to finish or destroy anti-immigrationists
Did Duma MP Sergey Gavrilov pick the wrong chair? Photo: Wikimedia/Kodru (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Tsibilisi
Trouble in Tbilisi
Since June 20, protests have swept Georgia. The unannounced start of the protests was done as a provocation. The consequences however, are utterly painful, especially for the average citizen of Georgia.
Published: July 7, 2019, 10:31 am
Anti-government demonstrations in Tbilisi broke out without warning. It all started with the arrival of a Russian delegation to Georgia the day before, to attend the meeting of the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of Orthodoxy.
The meeting of the delegates was held in the parliament building on Rustaveli Avenue. The event was organised and arranged by the Georgian side.
The head of the Russian delegation, Russian State Duma deputy Sergei Gavrilov sat in the chair of the speaker of the Georgian parliament. He was the first one who was given the floor, and he started with acknowledgements to the organisers for their hospitality. But his speech was interrupted by people who had burst into the building – all Georgian parliamentarians from a pro-Western faction.
And as the troublemakers continued inside the building, shouts of indignation were heard on the street. Supporters of the Georgian opposition came to the parliament building to support the protest against the Russian delegates. An onslaught on the building had started.
Law enforcement tried to push the protesters back, but they resisted. Water cannons and rubber bullets were then used. Gradually, skirmishes with the police turned into violent clashes that lasted all night.
On Friday, June 21, the protests continued, but were no longer so numerous. During the two days of unrest, some 240 people suffered, and more than 300 were detained.
A Georgian journalist and public figure, Georgiy Kapanadze believes that the opposition reacted so vehemently to the seating arrangements of the forum participants because the parliament is the main seat of power.
"A fact that a ruling party and government allowed a Russian to sit in the chair of the speaker was perceived by society as a betrayal of national interests. We do not exclude that the Georgian authorities themselves offered to Gavrilov to sit on the presidium. But if so, they should take responsibility, and not blame the protesters."
Kapanadze, as well as many other experts, are not sure why the organisers decided to hold an event related to the rights of religious believers in the Georgian parliament.
"Parliament is the most important secular institution, so why should the Orthodoxy issues be discussed there – it's a big puzzle for all of us. The organisers seemed to be intentionally looking for a provocation."
Russian and Georgian analysts drew attention to a fact that the opposition, whose supporters mainly participated in the night clashes in Tbilisi, had been calling on people to demonstrate since February 2019. But until the events of June 20 to 22, these appeals were not directly linked to Russia. Rather, they focused on the issue of internal political confrontation.
The United National Movement Party (the UNM) consists of supporters of a former Georgian president Mikhail Saakashvili. After losing last year's presidential elections, the UNM is trying to take revenge and their goal is now to get a majority during the parliamentary elections to be held in 2020.
The Georigian Parliament in Tbilisi was besieged by protesters for days. Photo: Diego Delso, delso.photo, License CC-BY-SA
But before that, opponents of the current government are trying to change electoral legislation so that elections are decided by lists presented by the various parties, but rather by majority districts. This will allow more single-mandate deputies to take seats in parliament and drive back the ruling party "Georgian Dream".
The confrontation over seating arrangements of the Russian delegation gave the opposition a win-win reason to bring the masses onto the streets. Among other things, the fact that Moscow had recently expressed concerns about Georgia's membership of NATO, played into the hands of the UNM too.
Nikolay Silaev, a senior researcher at the Moscow State Institute of International Studies, believes that Georgian politicians have now found a comfortable niche for themselves.
"They regularly come up with anti-Russian statements. Moreover, hatred of Russia has replaced their foreign policy. You no longer have to propose any ideas. Just tell the West about your hatred for Moscow and good funding will flow from this. The clashes at the Parliament in Tbilisi are part of the same story."
Silaev noted that, although anti-Russian sentiment has not initially dominated the ruling "Georgian Dream" party, it has now become a passive onlooker, having succumbed to Russophobia.
"A ruling elite felt that it was possible not to propose any new agenda, but simply go with the flow of anti-Russian hysteria and get money for it. Both the authorities and the opposition feel comfortable with hatred of Moscow. Although the intensified economic ties, tourism, Russian money transfers say that it is vital for Russia and Georgia to strengthen ties."
A Georgian political analyst, Archil Sikharulidze connected events in the country not so much with anti-Russian sentiments, but with the inability of the authorities to fulfill long-term promises by bringing Georgia closer to Western institutions.
"Neither a former Saakashvili regime, nor the current course of Ivanishvili has been leading Georgia to either NATO or EU. Although all measures were thrown at it. But today there are two radical movements in the country: Westerners and traditionalists. The first ones deny everything Soviet and Russian, while the latter ones believe that Georgia of the 1970s – 1980s is the best model of the country. But it's difficult for all political forces to reconcile with an idea that Moscow is an important center of attraction."
Whatever possible reasons for the unrest in Georgia could be, whether what happened at the parliament was a provocation or just a fatal alignment of circumstances – it is about time to evaluate consequences.
Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on measures to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation, which also concerns Georgia. According to the decree, Russian airlines have been prohibited from flying citizens from the Russian Federation to the territory of Georgia since July 8, 2019. For the period of the flight ban, tour operators and travel agents were asked not to sell travel vouchers there.
This measure, which became the answer Moscow provided for all the recent anti-Russian sentiments in Georgia, will create a lot of problems for already sluggish Georgian economy with tourism as one of the major sectors.
According to an estimation of the head of the Georgian Hotels and Restaurants Federation Shalva Alaverdashvili, damage to the Georgian economy due to the decree banning flights from Russia will equal at least 750 million dollars. Given that population of Georgia is 3,7 million people, it turns out that the anti-Russian demarche will cost each Georgian citizen around 202 dollars, which is about a half of one average salary in the country.
Converting this into the Georgia's GDP, losses from a reduction of Russian tourist numbers look even more impressive. According to the World Bank, Georgia's GDP is around $ 15,5 billion. Therefore, a loss of $750 million, or about 4,83 percent of gross domestic product, is a very serious shock to the national economy.
A Russian political analyst Ivan Danilov considers that Russia is now conducting an international policy of economic education.
"All Russian neighbours and partners need to accept a simple idea: good relations with Russia, which, among other things, make it possible to earn access to Russian markets and Russian money, is a privilege. This privilege should be deserved and then carefully kept, groomed and cherished. Those who do not understand this simple idea should remain without access to Russian money and markets – it is not a question of punishment, it is a question of Russia's elementary self-esteem as a state. Paying money to a country whose leadership sincerely hates Russia and the "Russian occupiers" is, mildly speaking, a strange and extremely unproductive strategy."
There is an opinion that organizers of the provocation at the Georgian parliament did not expect such tough tit-for-tat measure from Russia. A deputy dean of the World Economy and World Politics faculty of the Higher School of Economics Andrey Suzdaltsev, considers that Georgian authorities never estimated that consequences of anti-Russian actions would be so harsh.
"They didn't count on it. One could say that they had provoked to break some relations between Russia and Georgia, but there were no relations. There was only an unofficial practice of trade and tourism. Now that it has been hit, it has not been beneficial to anyone. First of all Georgia suffers."
And Georgia suffers indeed. Its residents, especially those who work in spheres relating to serving tourists, are deeply upset by the decision of the Russian authorities to suspend flights and sales of tours to Georgia, especially since the season has just begun. Owners of hotels and cafes, tourist guides and taxi drivers, salesmen in resort towns and manufacturers of souvenirs – all of them are sadly calculating income which they will not receive due to a significant reduction in a number of tourists.
Many of them may even face bankruptcy, because the share of Russian tourists is large. Last year, for the first time in 12 years, Russians became the most numerous foreign guests in Georgia – every fifth tourist was from Russia (over 1,3 million people).
Moreover, Russian counter measures affect not only tourism to Georgia. Russian Federal Service for Consumer Protection and Human Welfare reported on increasing control over alcoholic products coming to Russia, which is produced in Georgia.
According to the Federal Service, from 2014 to 2018 the detected amount of alcohol, which was produced in Georgia and did not meet mandatory requirements, increased by 2,9 times and amounted to 203 thousand liters in 2018.
This increasing of control is extremely inconvenient for Georgian wine producers who had experienced quite favorabe conditions of export to Russia. Representatives of the Wine Association of Georgia even had the courage to make a statement that Georgian authorities should conduct a sensible policy with Russia in order to prevent economic damage to the counrty.
"We consider expedient to express our own position and openly underline: it is important that the state pursues a reasonable policy in order to prevent economic sanctions from Russia, which will also prevent economic damage to the country. We consider it unacceptable when the country's economy becomes a victim of interests of certain political forces."
Thus, it is far from being clear what exactly targets were pursued by those who organised protests in Tbilisi and whether these targets were achieved or whether the situation had spiraled out of control.
There is only one thing to be confident about: every Georgian who somehow depends on tourism or trade with Russia, is currently facing hard times with no certain understanding of when and how the situation might improve.
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Ksenia Medvedeva
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Big Trouble In Little Georgia!
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Ardennes: Young disabled person lynched by group of North Africans
Charleville-MezieresThe terrible scene was filmed and broadcast on social networks. An police investigation has been opened. Is this violence due to the increasing influence of Salafists? One French author believes so.
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text:
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Mac Morey
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Patrick Hyland: I'd have no problem going into the Lion's den to face Warrington
September 8, 2015 September 8, 2015 Joe O'Neill	Patrick Hyland
Dublin featherweight contender Patrick Hyland would happily travel to fight Matchroom starlet Josh Warrington in Elland Road. In fact – the avid Manchester United support would wear his Red Devils jersey into the home of rivals Leeds United.
Speaking exclusively to irish-boxing.com, 'The Punisher' gave his thoughts on Matchroom's featherweight duo, Warrington [22(4)-0] and IBF champion Lee Selby [21(8)-1(0)].
Warrington defended his Commonwealth title against Aussie Joel Brunker at the weekend, however Hyland was not impressed, believing both fighters to be "nothing special."
The Dubliner admitted that Warrington did show improvements on the night and that he can "box a little bit." Nevertheless, Hyland noted that the Yorkshire man once again exhibited "little skill, or punch power," and that Brunker was a poor opponent who just "plodded forward showing no head-movement, no intelligence, and was entirely one-dimensional."
Indeed, Hyland was close to fighting Warrington last year. Matchroom head honcho Eddie Hearn had promised the winner of Hyland and John Simpson a shot at the Leeds youngster for the European Title. However, Simpson would drop out of his fight with 'The Punisher' and Hearn & co. would elect to take a different route.
Hyland is of the opinion that Lee Selby is levels above the Englishman, calling the Welsh Wizard "a class act." Selby defends his title for the first time next month in Arizona against former three weight world champion Fernando Montiel. Hyland acknowledges that 36 year old Montiel is not the stiffest of tests, and is merely a "nice voluntary – a blown up bantamweight."
If Hyland were to face the Welshman, he believes that he has the style to upset the champion, as he would "put pressure on him and get him out of his rhythm."
If rumour is to believed, Hearn and Matchroom are looking to pit Warrington and Selby together in a stadium bout next year in Elland Road – looking to exploit the immensely popular Leeds fighter's vociferous home support.
Hyland is diplomatic in his appraisal of this potential fight, admitting that "I think Selby wins, but with the crowd in Warrington's favour I think they could have a twelfth man effect so to speak."
However, Hyland doubts the feasibility of a fight between the pair, noting how Selby has signed with Al Haymon and will be appearing stateside on Premier Boxing Champions cards.
Indeed, if a Selby fight does not materialise, 'The Punisher' is more than happy to step into the hostile atmosphere, declaring that a partisan crowd "does not bother me one bit."
A massive supporter of Manchester United, Hyland also promised that he would wear the red jersey into the ring at the home of one of their biggest rivals. The Dub joked that "I'd probably be killed by his fans for wearing a Man United jersey and then beating the sh*t out of their guy!"
Although there was no joking from Hyland when he concluded, with the greatest of confidence, that "I know that I'd beat him."
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. coordination among creditors, and the formation of international bankruptcy procedures.
Aizenman's analysis, "Reforming the Global Financial System," is online at repositories.cdlib.org/cgirs/gpb. The policy brief is the second in a series published by the Center for Global, International, and Regional Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Aizenman, a professor of economics at UCSC, specializes in international finance and development. He is at the forefront of discussions of ways to modify the global financial system to alleviate financial crises around the world. An advocate of mitigating the exposure of banks by imposing regulations on their reserves and capital, he is skeptical of proposals that would establish indicators of a nation's vulnerability. But he acknowledges the challenge of designing "proper interventions." He can be reached at (831) 459-4791 or via e-mail sent to jaizen@ucsc.edu.
The Global Policy Brief web site showcases research and opinions on international matters of widespread interest and was designed to narrow the gap between academics, policy makers, and the public.