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Remote Work Stats for 2021 You Should Know About
Flor Zaccagnino
You wake up early. This is just so you can avoid heavy traffic. You need to make it to work on time. You didn't even have time for breakfast. It is going to be a very long day. Sound familiar?
This routine is quickly becoming obsolete as more companies employ a remote work setup. Not surprisingly, the remote work stats for 2021 indicate that working outside of the traditional office setting is quickly becoming the norm. Workers demand a better way to work. And remote work is a potential solution for many workers today.
Thanks to technology and the constantly changing views on labor, many fields are adapting remote work. Compared to previous years, remote work has become more accessible not only for employees but also employers. The acceptance of remote work should come as no surprise. After all, remote work provides many valuable benefits, including improved productivity, savings, and better efficiency, among many others.
Remote Work Stats for 2021
Without question, remote work has become an incredible opportunity for employees. It gives people the freedom to work wherever they want and enjoy flexible hours. These factors can be amazing motivators for those who no longer want to deal with the monotony of office life. Many workers are even choosing to forego pay raises, vacations, and even retirement plans associated with their 9-to-5 jobs just so they can work remotely.
So what has brought about this dramatic shift in the way work gets done? Let's see what lessons can be learned from the remote work stats for 2021.
Size of the remote workforce
One of the most important remote work stats for 2021 is its sheer size. Around 71 percent of Americans have worked from home since the pandemic. This signals a 43 percent increase from 2016. Aside from that, 62 percent of employees between the ages of 22 and 65 say that they work remotely at least occasionally, and 30 percent of people work remotely full time. Buffer also found that 44 percent of employees work as teams that work remotely full time.
The perks of remote work appeal greatly to highly experienced and educated workers. Remote workers are characterized by 78 percent having a college degree and 32 percent working at the manager level or higher.
Employees save time
The University of Chicago Becker Friedman Institute for Economics surveyed 10,000 employees and found that their commuting time was significantly reduced by a staggering 62.4 million hours per day, with over 9 billion hours saved from March 2020 to September 2020. In a separate study by Owl Labs, results showed that the average remote employee saves 40 minutes daily from not having to commute.
Remote work does wonders for productivity
According to a study by Stanford University, there is an impressive increase in the productivity of those employees who worked from home. These remote work stats for 2021 compared in-office and remote workers of a travel company and found that during the 9 months of the study, those who worked in a remote setting were 13 percent more productive. That's impressive, considering they produce almost an extra day's worth of output per week.
The same results are also mirrored by a more recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group. This study found that despite the challenges presented by the pandemic, a whopping 75 percent of employees have improved or maintained their productivity, especially when it comes to writing presentations, analyzing data, and interacting with clients.
Not only that, but the responses of the remote workers also revealed surprising insights for the future of their work. Despite these promising results, it's worth noting that there are critical factors that are essential to maintain or increase the productivity of employees, such as an appropriate working model employed by companies.
It helps improve company loyalty
Employee loyalty involves having workers that are devoted to the success of a business. This is very beneficial to the worker and the company because both parties get what they want.
The pandemic has forced companies to change their recruitment methods. Generally, and the onboarding process has now become entirely virtual. While many may think this would pose challenges for company loyalty, the opposite is happening.
One very interesting result of remote work stats for 2021 is 88 percent of workers feel that their current work setup allows them to spend more time with their families. Research has also found that people were less likely to leave their company if they were doing remote work.
Ultimately, when workers feel happy and in control, they become more appreciative and loyal to their company. Workers feel more valued and have greater opportunities to enjoy other things such as their hobbies that they used to put off due to tiring work hours at the office.
Fewer absences
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, workers should stay home if they are sick. Considering this, remote workers are in an ideal situation. When these workers fall ill but can still work, they can do it without calling in sick and missing out on tasks to do.
That's not all. Remote work is great for an employee's health because there was a drop in the sickness levels of employees who work from home from 2019 to 2020, both in sickness occurrences (61.3 percent) and sick days (80.6 percent).
Remote workers are willing to sacrifice job benefits
One false notion when it comes to remote workers is that they are lazy. However, these workers are willing to sacrifice vacations just to have a more flexible working environment. Not only that, but 28 percent said that they are willing to accept up to a 20 percent pay cut just so they could work remotely.
Remote work is great for the environment
The pandemic has brought tons of challenges to people around the globe. But there's also a silver lining: it has changed people's behaviors, and this has led to decreased air pollution, improved water quality, among many other important benefits.
Because people now work from home, they do not need to use cars. As a result, greenhouse gas emissions that are released into the atmosphere from motor vehicles are now reduced. Considering the remote work stats for 2021 states the number of remote workers is expected to increase in the coming years from 13 to 27 million, this setup can decrease commuting miles by a shocking 70 to 140 billion annually. Therefore, the amount of pollution will also decrease.
Remote work results in improved mental health
Flexjobs found that employees with flexible work options such as working remotely have better mental health compared to those who don't. Workers who do not have access to working remotely are twice more prone to having poor mental health.
Around 48 percent of those who work remotely shared that they enjoy a satisfying work-life integration. And 54 percent say that they have the emotional support needed at work. So how do these numbers compare with workers who do not have the option of working from home? Around 30% of traditional workers have a satisfying work-life balance, and 45% have the support they need at work available. Quite the difference.
Stress is dubbed as one of the biggest problems of workers today when it comes to mental health. So companies should find ways to reduce it. According to 77 percent of remote workers, a remote work setup allows them to experience less stress and become healthier because it helps them exercise more, enjoy a better diet, and have a healthier lifestyle.
Remote workers earn more
When PayScale analyzed data from thousands of salaries, they found that people who work remotely make 8.3 percent more than people who don't. The sample included people with the same job and qualifications. When the years of experience, location, and job title were not factored in, remote workers still made 7.5 percent more. That is not all. Remote workers can save an average of $4,000 each year on expenses associated with having to go to the office.
Companies save more
The financial incentive for remote workers is a big advantage, and the same thing can also be said for employers. US employers can save $30 billion a day in total if they permit their employees to work remotely.
With no need for big office space with huge utility bills and rent, brands can finally downsize permanently. For instance, Sun Microsystems has saved $68 million annually in real estate by allowing its employees to work remotely. Remote work will also help them save on cleaning services. The savings are real for both large and small companies.
Considering Remote Work Stats for 2021, What's Next for Remote Work?
With more businesses adapting to the remote work business model and experiencing its incredible benefits, the remote work stats for 2021 suggest an increase in remote work after the pandemic is over.
Around one in four managers think that the workforce will continue to follow a remote work setup. This belief even applies to when offices open up and employees can finally work in traditional office settings. People's opinion on remote work is high not only for 2021 but also for the coming years. Up to 22.9 percent of employees expect that the workforce will be fully remote in four years' time.
Considering the convenience that remote working provides employees and companies, it comes as no surprise that 53 percent of employees in the US who are currently working remotely want to continue this work set up after the pandemic ends.
As brands get comfortable with remote work, many have realized that the benefits it can give are priceless. Companies such as Twitter have even announced that their workers can continue working remotely indefinitely regardless of any changes in daily life.
Remote Work Is Here to Stay
This work setup is truly an eye-opener for many companies and employees who used to be stuck with working in their offices for years. It's worth noting that the remote work stats for 2021 are signaling a permanent shift to remote work.
Remote work is not just a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote work has transformed everyday life and changed the way work gets done forever.
Flor is Content Marketing Lead at Bunny Studio. Working remotely is her passion. She has been working in Marketing, leading her own business, for more than 8 years, while traveling around the world. She also worked as a freelancer, helping companies with her expertise in Digital Marketing and SEO.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Mark Lettieri Bio
Mark Lettieri is a guitarist, composer, and producer based in Fort Worth, TX. Proficient in a multitude of styles, he records and performs in virtually every genre of popular music with both independent and major-label artists. He also composes and produces original instrumental music under his own name.
Born in the San Francisco Bay Area, Lettieri came to Texas via Texas Christian University (TCU), studying advertising and public relations, and competing in track and field. A passionate guitarist since middle school, he began his music career in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex area upon graduating from TCU.
Playing in the vibrant Metroplex gospel and R&B scene led Lettieri to join jazz/world group Snarky Puppy in 2008, where he contributes as guitarist, as well as arranger and composer. The group has earned three GRAMMY Awards: Best R&B Performance for "Something" feat. Lalah Hathaway in 2014, and twice for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album (Sylva in 2016, and Culcha Vulcha in 2017). Snarky Puppy tours constantly, having performed on every continent except Antarctica.
Outside of Snarky Puppy, Lettieri has released four albums as a leader: Knows (2011), Futurefun (2013), Spark and Echo (2016) and most recently, Deep: The Baritone Sessions in (2019). Spark and Echo reached #11 on Billboard's Jazz Albums Chart, and #2 on iTunes' Jazz Chart, with Deep debuting at #21 on the Billboard Jazz Albums Chart. His fifth album, Things of That Nature, is slated for a fall 2019 release, under the GroundUP Music label. Due in large part to Lettieri's vibrant social media presence, these records have created a sizable buzz among fans of instrumental music worldwide. He performs this music live with the Mark Lettieri Trio, featuring Wes Stephenson (Funky Knuckles) on bass and Jason "JT" Thomas (Snarky Puppy, Forq) on drums.
In 2018, Lettieri joined up with Vulpeck spin-off group The Fearless Flyers, featuring Cory Wong and Joe Dart of Vulfpeck on guitar and bass respectively, and drummer Nate Smith (Chris Potter, Pat Metheny) The quartet has released two EPs, The Fearless Flyers in 2018, and The Fearless Flyers II in 2019.
As an in-demand session guitarist and touring sideman, Lettieri has logged miles with neo-soul icon Erykah Badu, gospel singer Anthony Evans, and American Idol: Season 11 winner Phillip Phillips. He's also performed with a myriad of other artists, including Nelly, Anthony Evans, Chrisette Michele, Myron Butler, N'dambi, Bilal, and even comedians Dave Chappelle and Harry Shearer.
Recent recording work includes David Crosby, 50 Cent, Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Adam Levine, Kirk Franklin, Fred Hammond, Bob Reynolds, Tori Kelly, Ledisi, Tamela Mann, Eric Roberson, Lecrae, Lupe Fiasco, Keyshia Cole, Xzibit, as well as numerous radio and television jingles. Lettieri is also a member of SKP, a production collective led by GRAMMY Award-winning producer Symbolyc One (Kanye West, Beyonce).
He can also be seen on television, in the house band for the Marcus & Joni Show, a Christian morning talk/variety show broadcast in over 200 countries Daystar Television Network.
Lastly, Lettieri serves as a clinician and gear demonstrator, often on behalf of companies he endorses; namely J. Rockett Audio Designs, Supro, Grosh, Collings, Paul Reed Smith, Jim Dunlop, and TC Electronic.
He resides with his wife, daughter, and two cats.
Things of That Nature (2019)
Since diving headlong into the wonderland of Snarky Puppy, the powerhouse band with whom he has won multiple Grammys, along the way working with the likes of David Crosby, Erykah Badu, Kirk Franklin, and 50 Cent, Fort Worth-based guitarist Mark Lettieri has plumbed his deepest waters in a string of solo albums. Starting with Knows (2011) and Futurefun (2013), then moving on to the Billboard-charting Spark and Echo (2016) and, most recently, the appropriately titled Deep: The Baritone Sessions (2019), Lettieri returns with Things Of That Nature, his most personal effort to date. As a sonic experience, it's both three-dimensional and metaphysical, and in that sense represents a giant leap of intuition. Joining him over the edge are Jason "JT" Thomas on drums and percussion, Wes Stephenson on electric bass, Justin Stanton on Moog and Fender Rhodes, Shaun Martin and Bobby Sparks on an even wider array of keyboards, and Bob Reynolds on tenor saxophone. As with each of Lettieri's records, this one is a time capsule of life experiences shared with musicians he trusts to convey those experiences in photorealistic detail.
Listening to the emblematic Naptime, one gains keen insight into the mind of an artist who blurs lines in more ways than one. Not only because the song was hammered out between waking hours while his newborn daughter slept, but also because Lettieri is an idiomatic chameleon, jumping nimbly from one mood to another while the rest of the world slumbers. Like much of the set presented on this, his fifth album as leader, it grew out of seeds planted in Lettieri's home studio, watered to fruition under sometimes-urgent circumstances.
Whether in the R&B-inflected Point Iz, a slow jam with plenty of fruit left over for more, or the fingerstyle acousticana of Ojai, the results will feel just as familiar to new listeners as surprising to longtime fans. Where the latter, based off a David Crosby tuning, ends the album left of center, Blockheads finds Lettieri in a heavier mode, waving a banner of epic harmony. Striking up a mid-tempo rock groove, he nurtures ideas already planted in Futurefun, and sees this anthem as a sequel of sorts to that 2013 EP's "Catboy." Its soaring guitar work points to another corner piece of Lettieri's sonic puzzle: namely, his ability to adapt to every moment in texture and dynamic range. Here, as also in the 7-string guitar funk circus that is Bubinga and the retro vibes of Huh (an upbeat yet twisted tune loosely inspired by the song "Radar Love" by Dutch 80's glamsters Golden Earring), listeners will encounter astonishing technical variety.
Lettieri's solo work gives him space to exercise total creative control. Such freedom of expression abounds in Seuss Pants, a gorgeous ride through fantastical vistas, and Chicory, a laid-back groove in the vein of John Scofield with tropical touches and a hard-edged saxophone solo. By the sum of these flawlessly moving parts, it's plain to see that Lettieri is as comfortable in his skin as he's ever been. The more he rides this train, the more he feels content in watching landscapes flash by, capturing impressions thereof in musical memories. Over time his idiosyncrasies have matured into a recognizable style, and through that process allow a deeper humanity to shine through a crisper compositional profile. They all sound like Mark Lettieri, but nothing is the same.
Things Of That Nature is set for an October 18th release on GroundUP Music.
1 Blockheads
2 Naptime
3 Seuss Pants
4 Point Iz
5 Chicory
6 Bubinga
7 Huh
8 Ojai
"Goonsquad" (Spark and Echo Studio Session)
"Montreal" (Spark and Echo Studio Session)
Mark Lettieri Trio – "Slugbug" (Live)
Mark Lettieri Trio – "Cause We've Ended As Lovers" (Live)
Mark Lettieri Trio – "Seuss Pants" (Live)
"Extraspecial" (Peace House Sessions)
Bob Reynolds Guitar Band – "Can't Wait For Perfect" (Live)
Fearless Flyers – "Ace of Aces" (Studio Session)
All-new WONDERBLOOM EP available November 15, 2019, plus the full-titled album of the same name is coming March 20, 2020 on GroundUP
Bokanté
The word bokanté means "exchange" in Creole, the language of vocalist Malika Tirolien's youth growing up on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. For the newly-formed "World Music Supergroup" (Pulse) Bokanté, connection is the foundation upon which al...
Bill Laurance
Hailing from the United Kingdom, Bill Laurance is a multi-instrumentalist, producer, and vocalist based out of London. Though primarily a keyboardist, his extensive travels have led to the acquisition and mastery of a wide range of ethnic instruments and musical styles ...
Follow @GroundUPMusicNYC
©2015-2019 GroundUP Music, LLC., All Rights Reserved


Who got calls for EEA in Naples?
Places and dates or wiki updates. Common eurobros.
yes a lot of places have called.
Demand side here, of mid-range UK university. We'll make our calls next Tue.
Got one, but will follow the tradition that eurobros do not update the wiki.
Not a single call. FML.
The market is moving. Are you moving as well?
Of course they will call. Pity interviews for friends' students in Naples, then hire from the full candidate pool in ATL.
I think some have gone out, but many still have not. However, you will not get a good answer here.


The Township of Bloomfield adopted Ordinance 3729, which appropriated $10,500,000 for the acquisition and improvement of a tract of land to be used as a public park, and authorized the issuance of $9,975,000 in Township bonds or notes to finance part of the cost. The subject property had previously been approved by the Township Planning Board for construction of a 104-unit townhouse development known as Lion Gate. The Ordinance was first introduced at a meeting chaired by defendant Nicholas Joanow, a Township Councilman, who owned a home that directly bordered the property. Joanow also cast the deciding vote approving the Ordinance. Plaintiffs Russell Mollica, James Wollner, Ray McCarthy, and Chris Stanziale, a group of Township residents, challenged the validity of the Ordinance and sought to enjoin the Township from issuing the bonds, alleging that Joanow had a disqualifying interest when he voted on the Ordinance. The trial court dismissed the neighbors' claims. On appeal, Plaintiffs argued that Joanow should have recused himself from participating in any of the proceedings that led to the passage of the bond ordinance due to his ownership interest in property adjacent to the proposed public park that created a legally insurmountable conflict of interest. Defendants responded that Council member Joanow was "set to gain no more than all the residents of the Township who will benefit from the creation of the public park and maintenance of open space." The court found that Joanow had a direct personal interest since he owned property directly abutting the Lion Gate site. The court held that his ownership of property immediately adjacent to the Lion Gate site was sufficient in itself to disqualify him from voting on the Ordinance. Furthermore, since the disqualifying interest of Joanow was in its subject matter of the Ordinance, the court found that the remedy was to invalidate the Ordinance.
Click here to visit her SSRN site.
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Il notobatraco (gen. Notobatrachus) è un anfibio estinto, appartenente agli anuri. Visse nel Giurassico medio (Batoniano - Calloviano, circa 167 - 164 milioni di anni fa) e i suoi resti fossili sono stati ritrovati in Argentina.

Descrizione
Questo animale, al contrario di altre "rane" primitive come Vieraella e Prosalirus, era di dimensioni ragguardevoli, e poteva raggiungere i 20 centimetri di lunghezza. Tra le varie caratteristiche di Notobatrachus si ricordano vertebre presacrali anficele (concave sia anteriormente che posteriormente), costole libere associate con processi trasversi robusti, e il radioulnare privo di un olecrano ben sviluppato. Le ossa mascellari di Notobatrachus erano dotate di denti, anche se il loro numero e la posizione lungo il margine del mascellare erano differenti a seconda delle specie: nella specie tipo, N. degiustoi, i denti erano presenti lungo quasi tutta la lunghezza del mascellare, mentre in N. reigi erano presenti solo nel primo terzo del mascellare.

Classificazione
Notobatrachus venne descritto per la prima volta nel 1956 da Osvaldo Reig, sulla base di numerosi fossili ritrovati in terreni del Batoniano della Patagonia e classificati come Notobatrachus degiustoi; i fossili comprendono molti esemplari di varie dimensioni e diversi gradi di sviluppo, ed è quindi stato possibile ricostruire parte della sequenza ontogenetica. Un'altra specie leggermente più recente risalente al Calloviano, sempre proveniente dalla Patagonia, è N. reigi (Baez e Nicoli, 2008). Questa specie è nota per esemplari più frammentari.

Notobatrachus è stato attribuito alla famiglia attuale dei Leiopelmatidae (Sanchiz, 1998), ma alcuni autori hanno ritenuto che alcune caratteristiche plesiomorfiche di Notobatrachus non permettano di ascriverlo ad alcuna famiglia di anuri attuali; questo animale sarebbe da escludere dai veri e propri anuri, seppur nell'ambito del clade Salientia che comprende anche gli immediati outgroups degli anuri, come Triadobatrachus e Czatkobatrachus (Escapa et al., 2008).

Bibliografia
B. Sanchiz. 1998. Salientia. In P. Wellnhofer (ed.), Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie 4
A. M. Báez and L. Nicoli. 2008. A new species of Notobatrachus (Amphibia, Salientia) from the Middle Jurassic of northwestern Patagonia. Journal of Paleontology 82(2):372-376
Escapa, I.H., Sterli, J., Pol, D., & Nicoli, L. (2008). "Jurassic tetrapods and flora of Cañadón Asfalto Formation in Cerro Cóndor area, Chubut province" (PDF). Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 63 (4): 613–624.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Anuri estinti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Austria's Fully-funded Scholarship Programs for 2023
Austria is one of the most renowned European countries. Additionally, it's one of the most popular destinations in Europe for students to study full-time. Students pursuing any type of degree can receive fully-funded scholarships in one of the country's prestigious universities.
The Austria Education Ministry recently awarded over 500 scholarships to international students for the next school year. This was funded by the Austrian government, universities, foundations and even individuals. As Europe's center of education, over 102,000 foreign students currently study in Austria.
Anyone interested in a degree program in Human Medicine, Natural Sciences, Technical Sciences, Health Sciences, Medical Sciences, Agriculture Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts can apply for these scholarships.
Those interested in higher education often consider Austria a fantastic option.
Many of Austria's universities offer their classes in English. This makes it easy for students to apply for scholarships without having to take the exam in English. Some students opt to apply despite this option. In addition to grants from the Austrian government, some scholarships don't cover all of a student's educational expenses. In order to cover their remaining costs, students are allowed to take part-time jobs. This allows them to earn money and meet their educational expenses.
Details of Scholarships in Austria in 2023
• Host Country: Austria
• Program Level: Short Course, Undergraduate, Masters, PhD
• Funding Type: Fully & Partially-funded
• Nationality: ADC's priority countries & Developing Countries
• Application Closes: March 1, and September 1, annually
Vienna University of Technology Scholarship for 2023
Vienna University offers the Helmut Veith award to master's-degree students who are willing to study for two years. The scholarship award is EUR 6000 every year.
ALSO READ Adelaide Master of Philosophy Scholarships 2021-23, Australia (Fully-Funded)
Link: https://forsyte.at/helmut-veith-stipend/
Republic of Austria Scholarships for International students
This scholarship program is open to all qualified international students who wish to pursue undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate education.
Link: https://grants.at/de/
Webster Vienna University Scholarships 2023
Applications are now available for the Webster Vienna Private University Scholarships for 2023-2024.
Link: https://webster.ac.at/financialinformation/
2023 Abertay Univerity Scholarships in Austria
Abertay University grants $3,000 scholarships to eligible students from other countries for the 2022-23 school year. These scholarships are offered to both Masters and Ph.D. students, who receive equal monthly instalments starting in January and April.
Vienna International Doctoral Degree Program 2023-2023
A fully funded scholarship for international students who wish to study in Austria is available through the Vienna International Postdoctoral Program for the academic session 2023-2024. As part of the postdoctoral fellowship, an annual gross salary of 70,040 EUR is paid, as are full health insurance and monthly support for each child of 110 – 170 EUR.
Link: https://training.vbc.ac.at/post-docs/vip2-post-doc-program/
List of Austria Universities You Can Apply For Without IELTS
• University of Innsbruck
• Johannes Kepler University
• Vienna University of Economics and Business
• Technical University Graz
• University of Salzburg
The above scholarships are the scholarships you can apply for in Australia without IELTS. Aside this, these scholarships are fully-funded and applicants don't need to pay for applications fee.
Categories Scholarships in Europe
Muhammad Bin Zaid University Scholarships in the UAE with full funding
The KCL Bosco Tso and Emily Ng Scholarships are offered to international students in the UK in 2022/2023


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Serafina and the Splintered Heart is an American historical fiction, fantasy novel written by Robert Beatty and published in 2017. It is the third novel in the Serafina Series and follows Serafina and the Twisted Staff. Serafina,  Chief Rat Catcher and protector of the Biltmore Estate, encounters a strange and unnatural force which threatens Biltmore with wicked storms and violent floods. While fiercely fighting a battle that seems impossible, Serafina also faces questions about the value of true friendship and the power of forgiveness.

Serafina and the Splintered Heart was published on July 4th, 2017 by Disney Hyperion. The release of the third book put the Serafina Series on the New York Times Best Selling Children's Series list. Serafina and the Splintered Heart is preceded by Serafina and the Black Cloak and Serafina and the Twisted Staff. A fourth book in the series, titled Serafina and the Seven Stars was published in Summer 2019.

References

American children's novels
2017 American novels
American historical novels


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Come, Follow Me for Sunday School: Introductory Pages of the Book of Mormon
By	Diana Webb · December 29, 2019
Cover image via Gospel Media Library.
"Another Testament of Jesus Christ"
As we begin our study of the Book of Mormon this year of 2020, (which brings to my mind the idea of 20/20 vision) my desire is that we will open our eyes to the majesty of the book, and read it in a way that we have never done before. Consider this statement by Elder Neal A. Maxwell:
The Book of Mormon will be with us "as long as the earth shall stand." We need all that time to explore it, for the book is like a vast mansion with gardens, towers, courtyards, and wings. There are rooms yet to be entered, with flaming fireplaces waiting to warm us. The rooms glimpsed so far contain further furnishings and rich detail yet to be savored, but decor dating from Eden is evident. There are panels inlaid with incredible insights, particularly insights about the great question. Yet we as Church members sometimes behave like hurried tourists, scarcely venturing beyond the entry hall.
May we come to feel as a whole people beckoned beyond the entry hall. May we go inside far enough to hear clearly the whispered truths from those who have "slumbered," which whisperings will awaken in us individually the life of discipleship as never before.
(Neal A. Maxwell, Not My Will, But Thine (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft Inc., 1988), 33.)
I hope that this year as we study this incredible book, we can spend more time in its courtyards and wings, and better enjoy its towers and gardens. The Book of Mormon is there for each one of us, but we have to take advantage of it, otherwise we are in no better situation than the millions of people who never had the chance to read it. I hope that this year, and for the rest of our lives, we will treasure these scriptures as the rare and wonderful possession that they are.
Sometimes we skip the introductory pages in our hurry to get to 1 Nephi. But these are the very things that will help our students understand 1 Nephi. Reading the Book of Mormon without an understanding of its purpose would be like driving on the highways of California without a map.
Title page of the Book of Mormon
The Book of Mormon can strengthen my faith in Jesus Christ.
How many people realize that the Title Page of the Book of Mormon is also scripture, and was written by an ancient prophet? Most people have at least heard that the primary purpose of the Book of Mormon is to "the convincing of the Jew and Gentile that Jesus is the Christ." But as Mormon records the reasons why he has included the things he has chosen to preserve, he lists this reason third. It is my hope that as we study and ponder the Book of Mormon this year, we can also concentrate on the first two purposes he records, that our testimonies might be made stronger and our confidence in the Lord's purposes unshaken.
What does Mormon list first as the purpose of the Book of Mormon?
"To show unto the remnant of the House of Israel what great things the Lord hath done for their fathers;"
As a missionary in Hong Kong, we challenged the people we were teaching to read the Book of Mormon and pray about its truthfulness, citing Moroni 10:3-5 as a springboard. Sometimes we do not give verse three enough attention. Before we pray, we are admonished to "remember how merciful the Lord hath been unto the children of men, from the creation of Adam even down until the time that ye shall receive these things, and ponder it in your hearts."
How do you feel about someone when you think about all the many things that they have done for you? It is only natural to feel gratitude, sometimesto the point of being overwhelmed by emotion. This engenders powerful feelings of love and appreciation. This is one of the reasons we read the scriptures every day. Alma 37:8 states, "it has hitherto been wisdom in God that these things should be preserved; for behold, they have enlarged the memory of this people."
Who is the remnant of the House of Israel? We are! When we read about the "great things the Lord has done for our fathers, we gain faith that he will continue to do so in the future. Why doesn't Satan want the Book of Mormon to be important to us? Because then we will "remember" that God delivered our fathers, and he can deliver us! One of the purposes of the Book of Mormon is to help us REMEMBER!
The next purpose of the Book of Mormon is so
"That they may know the covenants of the Lord, that they are not cast off forever"
What exactly are the covenants that the Lord has made with the House of Israel?
The Abrahamic Covenant
The Book of Mormon is given to reestablish the covenants God made with Abraham. One of the purposes of receiving patriarchal blessings is to learn of our lineage, and that we are descendants of Abraham, whether literal or adopted, and entitled to the blessings (and responsibilities) of being born in that covenant. What are these promises?
Gen. 12:7; 13:15; 15:9-14 The promise of LAND
Gen. 12:2; 15:5; 17:4 The promise of POSTERITY
Abr. 1:18 The promise of PRIESTHOOD BLESSINGS
Abr. 2:10 The promise of SALVATION
Elder Bruce R. McConkie has connected this heritage with the talent of spirituality.
The greatest and most important talent or capacity that any of the spirit children of the Father could gain is the talent of spirituality. Most of those who gained this talent were chosen, before they were born, to come to earth as members of the house of Israel. They were foreordained to receive the blessings that the Lord promised to Abraham and to his seed in all their generations. This foreordination is an election, Paul tells us, and truly it is so, for those so chosen, selected, or elected become, in this life, the favored people. Though all mankind may be saved by obedience, some find it easier to believe and obey than others. Hence the concept, taught by Jesus, that his sheep know his voice and will not follow the dissident voices of the world. (A New Witness for the Articles of Faith, p. 512.)
Thus we see that the "chosen people" were not elected because they were better than others, but chosen in light of the responsibility God placed upon their shoulders to bless the lives of those outside of the covenant. Their responsibility is to stand as witnesses before the world and proclaim truth. As part of the seed of Abraham, we must WE must stand out as a "peculiar people" before our peers. We think of this word as meaning "odd or strange." But the way it is used here is from the Latin peculiaris meaning private property. It is also related to the word pecuniary meaning something having to do with money. In Hebrew this word segulah (pronounced "she-goo-LAH") means "treasured possession," "prized and sedulously preserved," also "separate, select, guarded, endeared, shut up, protected." It means Israel is purchased like an expensive treasure. We do not learn how Israel is purchased until much later in the scripture canon.
2 Samuel 7:12-17 records the promise of Davidic succession on the throne which would culminate in the coming of the Savior. We learn that it is through the blood of this precious Savior that we are purchased as this treasure.We could spend hours talking about what these covenants mean, but, alas, this must suffice for now.
As we remember the "covenants of God," our spirits are stirred. Why doesn't Satan want us in this book? Because we will remember to keep our covenants. If we can get our students to understand why they have made covenants, they will endeavor to keep them.
Finally, Mormon lists the third reason for the coming forth of the Book of Mormon:
3) To convince both the Jew and the Gentile that Jesus is the Christ, the Eternal God, manifesting himself unto all nations."
Alma 26:36-37 records Ammon's homecoming report, where he rejoices that God "has been mindful of this people, . . . wanderers in a strange land." And what is more, "God is mindful of every people, whatsoever land they may be in." His bowels of mercy are over all the earth." (This doesn't sound so great to our 21st century ears, but in the ancient world, "bowels" were the seat of the deepest compassion.)
When I teach this concept to Institute students, I show them my set of Russian nesting dolls. They range in size from big to small. If the doll were large enough, the whole human race could be brought forth.
Mosiah 27:30 The Redeemer "remembereth every creature of his creating." This is a major thesis statement of the Book of Mormon. He is concerned with EVERY PERSON. Even a LITTLE person. 2 Ne. 26:12-13 The purpose of the Book of Mormon is that Jesus is the Christ, MANIFESTING himself to every people.
When I was in the third grade at East Millcreek Elementary School, I gained my testimony of this truth. In the spring we had "Field Day," right before school got out for the summer. This was a special occasion because the girls got to wear pants to school. Every other day of the year, girls had to wear dresses to school. I remember that my mother took me to Grand Central and bought me a new "Field Day" outfit. It had turquoise blue shorts and a sleeveless blue plaid top with silver threads woven into the plaid. It was the coolest! I was a tall, skinny kid with little or no athletic ability. When we would choose sides in class before P. E., I would inevitably be chosen last.
In my new blue outfit, I readied myself for the ordeal of choosing sides for the kick soccer team. (For those of you who do not know what this game is, I will try to describe it. The rules are similar to baseball, but instead of a bat and a pitched baseball, the "pitcher" would roll a soccer ball on the ground to the player who was up at "bat." and he or she would kick it and round the bases.) As I had anticipated, I was again the last to be chosen. It was humiliating, but alas, I was getting used to it. I was assigned to left field, the safest place for one so unqualified, and the game began.
As I sat in left field, I thought about how cool it would be if I got lucky, caught a fly ball, made the winning out, and was a hero for once. In Sunday School, we had been learning about prayer, and that if you prayed and had enough faith, God would give you the answer to your prayer. Right at that moment, I was so sick of the mortification that accompanied every team activity in elementary school that I could scream. I drew an "X" on the ground with my sneaker and silently prayed this prayer: "If I stand on this "X" with my arms out, will you please let me catch a fly ball?" It was the bottom of the ninth inning with two outs. Our team was one run ahead, and the other team was up and had the bases loaded. Their best kicker was up. I stood on the "X" and closed my eyes, dutifully holding out my arms. Well, you can probably guess the end of the story. I wouldn't be telling the story if it didn't happen just as I had prayed. The kick was high to left field, and I caught it! I was so excited. Everyone was in shock. That day I learned that my Heavenly Father really cared about me, a gangly, skinny girl with braids. That he remembers "every creature of his creating" (Mosiah 27:30). I pray that each of my children will have experiences that let them know that God is mindful of them.
Introduction to the Book of Mormon
The Book of Mormon "outlines the plan of salvation."
The well-known and loved verse, Moses 1:39, states that God's "work and glory" is to help His children become exalted, and enjoy eternal life, which is the life He enjoys. In fact, this is the purpose of creation, "Man is, that he might have [this] joy" (2 Nephi 2:25). I used to teach the Merrie Miss class, and our song was I Can Follow God's Plan For Me. The Atonement of Jesus Christ makes this plan possible, and every doctrine, ordinance, covenant, and commandment that God has given is meant to help accomplish the plan. The "Come Follow Me" lesson for this week includes a valuable activity to help discover more about the Father's plan. It invites us to read the following passages, and list the different names given to God's plan: 2 Nephi 9:13; 11:5; and Alma 12:32–34; 24:14; 41:2; 42:15–16. Anything students can discover on their own is far superior to anything a teacher can teach – and it will be remembered far longer.
"The Testimony of Three Witnesses"; "The Testimony of Eight Witnesses"
Witnesses are vital in God's plan for the salvation of His children. The scriptures state that "in the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word be established" (2 Cor. 13:1; D&C 6:28; see also Deut. 19:15). The Lord has made sure that there are witnesses of the Book of Mormon itself.
While Joseph Smith was translating the Book of Mormon, the Lord revealed that, in addition to the Prophet's testimony, the world would have "the testimony of three of my servants, whom I shall call and ordain, unto whom I will show these things" (D&C 5:11; see also Ether 5:2–4; 2 Ne. 27:12–13). "They shall know of a surety that these things are true," the Lord declared, "for from heaven will I declare it unto them" (D&C 5:12).
The three men chosen as witnesses of the Book of Mormon were Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, and Martin Harris. These witnesses solemnly testify that they "have seen the plates which contain this record" and "the engravings which are upon the plates." They witness that these writings "have been translated by the gift and power of God, for his voice hath declared it unto us." They testify, "We declare with words of soberness, that an angel of God came down from heaven, and he brought and laid before our eyes, that we beheld and saw the plates, and the engravings thereon; and we know that it is by the grace of God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, that we beheld and bear record that these things are true."
Further, "the voice of the Lord commanded us that we should bear record of it; wherefore, to be obedient unto the commandments of God, we bear testimony of these things" ("The Testimony of Three Witnesses," Book of Mormon).
President Dallin H. Oaks delivered a masterful discourse on the Book of Mormon witnesses.
People who deny the possibility of supernatural beings may reject this remarkable testimony, but people who are open to believe in miraculous experiences should find it compelling. The solemn written testimony of three witnesses to what they saw and heard—two of them simultaneously and the third almost immediately thereafter—is entitled to great weight. Indeed, we know that upon the testimony of one witness great miracles have been claimed and accepted by many religious people, and in the secular world the testimony of one witness has been deemed sufficient for weighty penalties and judgments.
Persons experienced in evaluating testimony commonly consider a witness's opportunity to observe an event and the possibility of his bias on the subject. Where different witnesses give identical testimony about the same event, skeptics look for evidence of collusion among them or for other witnesses who could contradict them.
Measured against all of these possible objections, the testimony of the Three Witnesses to the Book of Mormon stands forth in great strength. Each of the three had ample reason and opportunity to renounce his testimony if it had been false, or to equivocate on details if any had been inaccurate. As is well known, because of disagreements or jealousies involving other leaders of the Church, each one of these three witnesses was excommunicated from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by about eight years after the publication of their testimony. All three went their separate ways, with no common interest to support a collusive effort. Yet to the end of their lives—periods ranging from 12 to 50 years after their excommunications—not one of these witnesses deviated from his published testimony or said anything that cast any shadow on its truthfulness.
Furthermore, their testimony stands uncontradicted by any other witnesses. Reject it one may, but how does one explain three men of good character uniting and persisting in this published testimony to the end of their lives in the face of great ridicule and other personal disadvantage? Like the Book of Mormon itself, there is no better explanation than is given in the testimony itself, the solemn statement of good and honest men who told what they saw. (April 1999 General Conference, "The Witness: Martin Harris")
President Oaks shared his connection with the witness Martin Harris in this same discourse:
In 1832 Martin Harris's older brother, Emer, who is my great-great-grandfather, was called on a mission from Ohio (see D&C 75:30). Emer spent a year preaching the gospel near his former home in northeastern Pennsylvania. During most of this time Emer's companion was his brother Martin, whose zeal in preaching even caused him to be jailed for a few days. The Harris brothers baptized about 100 persons. Among those baptized was a family named Oaks, which included my great-great-grandfather. Thus, my middle name and my last name come from the grandfathers who met in that missionary encounter in Susquehanna County in 1832–33.
I read the book Investigating the Book of Mormon Witnesses by Richard Lloyd Anderson in preparation for writing this article. He has meticulously gathered information from primary sources in his research. Daniel C. Peterson has also written an article called Tangible Restoration: The Witnesses and What They Experienced which was presented at the 2006 FAIR Conference. The complete transcript can be read at https://www.fairmormon.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/2006-Daniel-Peterson.pdf and the video viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V38jsyMnyIs . These sources are rich with detail for those that wish to immerse themselves in the subject, but might be TMI (too much information) for some. I will try to share a few of my favorite gems.
From Daniel Peterson:
A representative statement is that given by David Whitmer during an 1878 interview with Orson Pratt and Joseph F. Smith:
It was in June, 1829, the latter part of the month . . . Martin Harris was not with us at this time; he obtained a view of [the plates] afterwards (the same day). Joseph, Oliver, and myself were together when I saw them. We not only saw the plates of the Book of Mormon, but also the brass plates [a set of records mentioned early in the Book of Mormon has having been carried by Lehi from Jerusalem to the New World], the plates of the book of Ether, the plates containing the record of the wickedness and secret combinations of the people of the world down to the time of their being engraved, and many other plates. The fact is, it was just as though Joseph, Oliver and I were sitting just here on a log, when we were overshadowed by a light. It was not like the light of the sun nor like that of a fire, but more glorious and beautiful. It extended away round us, I cannot tell how far, but in the midst of this light about as far off as he sits (pointing to John C. Whitmer, sitting a few feet from him), there appeared, as it were, a table with many records or plates upon it, besides the plates of the Book of Mormon, also the sword of Laban, the directors [i.e. the ball with spindles which Lehi had, and the interpreters].
Lucy Mack Smith, who had seen the chosen witnesses leave for their encounter with the angel and the plates, recalled, many years later, the scene that ensued at their return:
When they returned to the house, it was between three and four o'clock P. M. Mrs. Whitmer, Mr. Smith, and myself, were sitting in a bedroom at the time. On coming in, Joseph threw himself down beside me, and exclaimed, "Father, mother, you do not know how happy I am: the Lord has now caused the plates to be shown to three more besides myself. They have seen an angel, who has testified to them, and they will have to bear witness to the truth of what I have said, for now they know for themselves, that I do not go about to deceive the people, and I feel as if I was relieved of a burden which was almost too heavy for me to bear, and it rejoices my soul, that I am not any longer to be entirely alone in the world." Upon this, Martin Harris came in: he seemed almost overcome with joy, and testified boldly to what he had both seen and heard. And so did David and Oliver, adding, that no tongue could express the joy of their hearts, and the greatness of the things which they had both seen and heard.
Ultimately, each of the Three Witnesses—Martin Harris, Oliver Cowdery, and David Whitmer—signed his name to a statement that has appeared in every edition of the Book of Mormon from the beginning.
Be it known unto all nations, kindreds, tongues, and people, unto whom this work shall come: That we, through the grace of God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, have seen the plates which contain this record, which is a record of the people of Nephi, and also of the Lamanites, their brethren, and also of the people of Jared, who came from the tower of which hath been spoken. And we also know that they have been translated by the gift and power of God, for his voice hath declared it unto us; wherefore we know of a surety that the work is true. And we also testify that we have seen the engravings which are upon the plates; and they have been shown unto us by the power of God, and not of man. And we declare with words of soberness, than an angel of God came down from heaven, and he brought and laid before our eyes, that we beheld and saw the plates, and the engravings thereon; and we know that it is by the grace of God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, that we beheld and bear record that these things are true. And it is marvelous in our eyes. Nevertheless, the voice of the Lord commanded us that we should bear record of it; wherefore, to be obedient unto the commandments of God, we bear testimony of these things. And we know that if we are faithful in Christ, we shall rid our garments of the blood of all men, and be found spotless before the judgment-seat of Christ, and shall dwell with him eternally in the heavens. And the honor be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, which is one God. Amen.
According to David Whitmer, the quite distinct experience of the Eight Witnesses to the Book of Mormon occurred one or two days after the experience of the Three.
Soon thereafter, all of the Eight signed their names to a statement that has accompanied the testimony of the Three in every printed version of the Book of Mormon.
Be it known unto all nations, kindreds, tongues, and people, unto whom this work shall come; That Joseph Smith, Jun., the translator of this work, has shown unto us the plates of which hath been spoken, which have the appearance of gold; and as many of the leaves as the said Smith has translated we did handle with our hands; and we also saw the engravings thereon, all of which has the appearance of ancient work, and of curious workmanship. And this we bear record with words of soberness, that the said Smith has shown unto us, for we have seen and hefted, and know of a surety that the said Smith has got the plates of which we have spoken. And we give our names unto the world, to witness unto the world that which we have seen. And we lie not, God bearing witness of it.
Daniel Peterson suggests that "it is worth examining the contrasting character of the experiences reported by the Three Witnesses and the Eight, since, I believe, their very difference reinforces them. First of all, the experience of the Three, as they report it, was suffused with the glory and power of God. In a brilliant light, an angel came down and showed them the plates. They heard the voice of God testifying that the translation had been accomplished "by the gift and power of God." Their written testimony is characterized by a marked religious or spiritual tone. It might be termed a supernatural or miraculous testimony."
By contrast, the experience of the Eight involves no glory, nothing miraculous. It is as mundane as anything can be. No angel shows the plates to them; Joseph Smith does. There is no miraculous light. Unlike the Three, who seem simply to have observed the plates in the hands of the angel, the Eight handled the plates and turned their pages. They "hefted" them. The language of their official account is cool and even formal or legalistic to the point of emotional distance ("the said Smith"). God figures in their testimony only as witness to their concluding oath. His voice does not testify to the correctness of the translation. The Eight Witnesses are manifestly in full possession of their senses and mental faculties. Theirs might be labeled an ordinary or natural testimony.
Why the differences? In order, I think, for the task of skeptics to be rendered more difficult. One might be tempted to dismiss the testimony of the Three, with its spectacular divine accompaniments, as hallucinatory (however untenable that dismissal would be) or mere superstition. By contrast, there is absolutely nothing in the testimony of the Eight that points to superstition or hallucination. It is the most matter-of-fact kind of experience—nine men in the woods in the early afternoon—except for the object at the center of it.
The following is one of my favorite quotes by Daniel Peterson regarding those who try to discredit these witnesses:
I've commented elsewhere on how bizarre it is to me that the witnesses, a group of early nineteenth-century farmers who spent their lives rising at sunrise, pulling up stumps, clearing rocks, plowing fields, sowing seeds, carefully nurturing crops, raising livestock, milking cows, digging wells, building cabins, raising barns, harvesting their own food, bartering (in an often cashless economy) for what they could not produce themselves, wearing clothes made from plant fibers and skins, anxiously watching the seasons, and walking or riding animals out under the weather until they retired to their beds shortly after sunset in "a world lit only by fire," are being portrayed as estranged from everyday empirical reality by people whose lives, like mine, consist to a large extent of staring at computer and television screens in artificially air-conditioned and artificially lit homes and offices, clothed in synthetic fibers, commuting between the two in enclosed and air-conditioned mechanical vehicles while they listen to the radio, chat on their cell phones, and fiddle with their iPods—all of whose inner workings are largely mysterious to them—who buy their prepackaged food (with little or no regard for the time or the season) by means of plastic cards and electronic financial transfers from artificially illuminated and air-conditioned supermarkets enmeshed in international distribution networks of which they know virtually nothing, the rhythms of whose daily lives are largely unaffected by the rising and setting of the sun.
Although all three of these witnesses left the Church for lengthy periods of time, they never denied their testimonies as witnesses of the Book of Mormon.
In 1848, the year before he died, Oliver Cowdery received rebaptism into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints at Kanesville, Iowa. Before an audience of approximately two thousand, including non-members of the Church, Cowdery bore witness of the coming forth of the Book of Mormon, the restoration of the Aaronic and Melchizedek priesthoods, and the divine calling of Joseph Smith. "I beheld with my eye and handled with my hands the gold plates from which it was translated. I also beheld the Interpreters. That book is true." (Journal of Reuben Miller, 1848, or Millennial Star, Aug. 20, 1859, 544.)
Richard Anderson comments: "Nothing short of biblical Christianity furnishes such a concrete statement of supernatural reality. One cannot dismiss the experience easily, for each man so testifying impressed his community with his capacity and unwavering honesty, and all three consistently reaffirmed the experience in hundreds of interviews throughout their lives. Oliver Cowdery was generally recognized by Mormon and non-Mormon alike as an astute and highly intelligent individual, and his mature life was spent in the practical vocation . . . of law and politics. The fact that he considered the above experience the most impressive and solemn event of his life must weigh heavily in favor of objective reality of the vision. Above all, he had the emotional and intellectual capacity to know whether he was deceived. If this vision was real to him, there is a burden upon every informed person to face the great probability that the Latter-day Saints have indeed received modern revelation. . . Of greatest weight is the unvarying reiteration of this testimony throughout a lifetime. He told the same simple story of the vision, whether under privatization, persecution, resentment against the translator of the book of Mormon, ridicule by non-Mormons, or knowledge of imminent death. Beyond all doubt, he was repeating his inmost convictions as he testified of the truth of the book of Mormon." (pages 53-54)
Cowdery was bedridden for most of 1849, probably as a result of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis, and died at Richmond, Missouri, on 3 March 1850. A few months before his death, Cowdery was visited by Jacob Gates, a Latter-day Saint traveling eastward on a mission to England who had been a friend since before Cowdery's 1838 excommunication. In the course of conversation, Gates asked him about his experience as one of the Witnesses to the Book of Mormon. Had it been a dream? Was it imagination, or illusion, or mere mythology? Cowdery rose from the place where he was resting, retrieved a first edition copy of the Book of Mormon, and read aloud the Testimony of the Three Witnesses. Then, turning to face Gates, he said, Jacob, I want you to remember what I say to you. I am a dying man, and what would it profit me to tell you a lie? I know . . . that this Book of Mormon was translated by the gift and power of God. My eyes saw, my ears heard, and my understanding was touched, and I know that whereof I testified is true. It was no dream, no vain imagination of the mind—it was real. (Improvement Era 15. 5 (March 1912)
Richard Anderson notes: "Joseph Smith took the initiative to invite Oliver Cowdrey to return to the Church in 1843, an invitation likely based on Joseph Smith's estimate that Oliver was then in the frame of mind to accept it. Oliver waited another four years for some form of public apology and vindication, but then swallowed his pride by traveling to Kanesville with Phineas Young and asking for baptism." (page 60)
David Whitmer
David Whitmer lived until 1888, the last of the Witnesses to the Book of Mormon. Consequently, he was the most interviewed of all of them. Richard Lloyd Anderson rightly observes,
Each witness of the Book of Mormon was an individualist. In David Whitmer, this quality verged on the stubborn. Whether in Mormon society or not, he stood like a rock for his principles. This outspoken and utterly honest personality would have been the first to detect fraud and expose it. (page 67)
Whitmer was excommunicated from the Church on 13 April 1838 after a period of doctrinal disagreement, financial stress, persecution, and upheaval. Yet when, in 1886, the Omaha Herald asked him whether he "still believed that Joseph Smith was a divinely inspired prophet," David Whitmer replied, "I know he was, it is not a matter of belief."
In a letter to Anthony Metcalf dated 2 April 1887, Whitmer again insisted on the literal reality of what he had seen:
"Of course we were in the spirit when we had the view, for no man can behold the face of an angel, except in a spiritual view, but we were in the body also, and everything was as natural to us, as it is at any time." To Orson Pratt and Joseph F. Smith, nearly a decade earlier, he testified:
I saw [the plates, the Sword of Laban, the Urim and Thummim, and other artifacts] just as plain as I see this bed (striking his hand upon the bed beside him), and I heard the voice of the Lord, as distinctly as I ever heard anything in my life, declaring that the records of the plates of the Book of Mormon were translated by the gift and power of God."
"I saw them as plain as I see you now," he told a reporter from the Kansas City Journal in 1881. He frequently emphasized that the angel and the table on which the plates and other objects rested was very close to him and the other Witnesses, within about three to six feet. "Mr. Whitmer describes every detail of the 'vision' with great precision," reported the Omaha Herald in 1886, "and much fervency."
Richard Anderson characterizes this skeptical witness in this way, "Martin Harris was not surpassed in doubt by Thomas nor in absolute assurance by any apostle. His testimony of the Book of Mormon was ridiculed by unbelievers as superstition, for he did not reach such certainty easily, for no witness required more evidence for his faith." (page 107)
True to his reputation as a careful, prudent man, Martin Harris initially approached the claims of Joseph Smith with hope but also with cautious skepticism. It was Harris who took a transcript of characters from the plates to New York City, for the evaluation of Professor Charles Anthon of Columbia University, and others. And, while he was serving as Joseph's first scribe for the translation, he once surreptitiously substituted a similar-looking stone for the seer stone that the Prophet was using, in order to see if it made any difference. (It did.)
Richard Anderson continues:
But after believing for two years, this is modern Thomas came to certainty through the vision. Harris's prior history shows why Joseph Smith singled him out on the morning of this vision as in special need to "humble yourself" and why his struggle for faith before the vision was more severe than that his younger associates. Upon failure of repeated prayers of Joseph Smith and the witnesses, Martin acknowledged that his attitude was probably the cause of their failure to obtain the promised revelation, and he withdrew. After the angel appeared and showed the plates to the remaining group, the Prophet found Martin Harris, and after joint prayer both were overwhelmed with the same vision. Joseph Smith remembered Martin's cry of conviction: "'Tis enough; mine eyes have beheld!" (pages 108-109)
In a notarized statement dated 29 October 1921, George Godfrey, who prepared Martin Harris's grave in Clarkston, Utah, summarized his lengthy acquaintance with the Witness. Then he offered this interesting statement:
Prior to his death and in his last sickness I sat up nights with him upon many an occasion, in connection with my Brothers, John E. Godfrey and Thomas Godfrey, both of whom now reside at Clarkston, aforesaid, and who can make affidavit to the things I am herein stating: that many times I have heard the said Martin Harris bear witness to the truthfulness and genuineness of the Book of Mormon, at times when he was enjoying good health and spirits and when he was on his deathbed; that his testimony never varied; that I have seen others and that I myself have tried to entrap him relative to the testimony which he bore, by cros [sic] questioning him relative to the scenes and events which are Church History in connection with the bringing forth of the Book of Mormon; that upon all of these questions his mind was clear as it is possible for the human mind to be, and that his testimonies have left no tract [sic] in my mind that he actually converse with an angel who bore testimony to him of the truthfulness of the records contained in the Book of Mormon; that he saw and handled the gold plates from which the said records were taken; that a few hours before his death, and when he was so weak and enfeebled that he was unable to recognize me or anyone, and knew not to whom he was speaking, I asked him if he did not feel that there was an element, at least, of fraudulence and deception in the things that were written and told of the coming forth of the Book of Mormon, and he replied as he had always done, and many, many times in my hearing, and with the same spirit that he always manifested when enjoying health and vigor: "The Book of Mormon is no fake. I know what I know. I have seen what I have seen, and I have heard what I have heard. I have seen and handled the gold plates from which the Book of Mormon is written. An angel appeared to me and others and testified to the truthfulness of the record, and had I been willing to have perjured myself and sworn falsely to the testimony I now bear, I could have been a rich man, but I could not have testified other than I have done and am now doing, for these things are true."
Richard Anderson poses a question (the elephant in the room question): "If these men had seen the angel and the plates, how could they permit themselves to leave the Church? The fundamental answer is that those who had received such special favor had special problems with egotism. Because they had seen for themselves with regard to the Book of Mormon, the time came when the majority of the witnesses considered their judgment equal to Joseph Smith on all other matters. If specific details are different in the excommunications of Oliver Cowdery and his two brothers-in-law, David and John Whitmer, there is a common theme of a clash of wills in which these witnesses failed to acknowledge Joseph Smith in his appointed role as their leader. Yet at the peak of their personal rebellion against the Prophet, each witness insisted on the strict truth of his signed testimony." (page 56)
As Richard Anderson points out, ten of the forty-two surviving testimonies from the Eight Witnesses mention handling the plates. Lucy Mack Smith, who knew the Witnesses well and was there that day, says that they "looked upon the plates and handled them." (pages 123-124)
Hyrum himself wrote, in December 1839, of his sufferings in Missouri, where he had been arrested in the fall of 1838 and then imprisoned in the ironically named Liberty Jail from the beginning of December to the beginning of April: "I had been abused and thrust into a dungeon, and confined for months on account of my faith, and the "testimony of Jesus Christ." However I thank God that I felt a determination to die rather than deny the things which my eyes had seen, which my hands had handled, and which I had borne testimony to, wherever my lot had been cast. And I can assure my beloved brethren that I was enabled to bear as strong a testimony, when nothing but death presented itself, as ever I did in my life." ("A History, of the Persecution, of the Church of Jesus Christ, of Latter-day Saints in Missouri," Times and Seasons, Dec. 1839, p. 23.)
"The essence of the Smiths' witness to the book of Mormon plate is deeds not words," observes Richard Anderson. "The constancy of faithful sacrifice places a force upon their testimonies that no amount of eloquence may produce. The supernatural power of the angel's visit to the Three Witnesses finds its physical foundation in the fact that eight ordinary men insisted all of their lives that they had carefully examined and handled to ancient plates of the Book of Mormon. That practical reality is emphasized by the lives of this Smiths who handled the plates. Worn out by middle-aged privatization for the cause of the restoration, Joseph Smith, Sr. died from lung and stomach disorders a year after the Mormon expulsion from Missouri. The strain of a dangerous horseback ride in an attempt of Samuel to reach his brothers before their murder, and the shock of their deaths, brought fatal sickness to this last surviving witness of the Smiths, who died a month later. With his beloved Prophet-brother, Hyrum earlier faced the guns of a murderous mob in his last moments." (page 147)
The Challenge of the Witnesses is Our Challenge
These eleven men carried their God-given obligation to bear testimony to the world throughout their lives. Richard Anderson said, "The greatest people have been burdened by their inner light." (page 184) The challenge of the witnesses was to determine whether they would have the integrity to stand by their God-given witness, or to succumb to the pressures of the world – danger to their reputations, or "the soft whisperings of self interest." One may easily miss the real point. Anderson asserts, "Their commission was to speak firsthand of the Book of Mormon. If they did that convincingly while dissenting from other Mormon doctrines, their witness is really more, not less impressive." (p. 184) He continued:
"What is at stake in the testimony of the book of Mormon witnesses? A greater conception of the purposes of God, whose revelations reach beyond one area in the world and are not limited to antiquity. A Savior whose power extended to those seeking righteousness before he came upon earth, whose work today reaches out to every human soul, living or dead, ancient or modern." (page 189)
I can be a witness of the Book of Mormon.
We, too, have made covenants with God to stand as his witnesses "at all times and in all things, and in all places that you may be in." (Mosiah 18:9)The Holy Ghost can testify to you that the Book of Mormon is true, even if you haven't seen the golden plates as the Three Witnesses and Eight Witnesses did.
How do the testimonies of the special witnesses strengthen yours? How can you "give [your name] unto the world, to witness unto the world" what you know about the Book of Mormon? The world badly needs the Book of Mormon and its compelling testimony of Jesus Christ. The people in your circle of influence need to know that you know of its truthfulness.
I love this powerful statement by Elder Jeffrey R. Holland:
To consider that everything of saving significance in the Church stands or falls on the truthfulness of the Book of Mormon and, by implication the Prophet Joseph Smith's account of how it came forth is as sobering as it is true. It is a 'sudden death' proposition. Either the Book of Mormon is what the Prophet Joseph said it is, or this Church and its founder are false, a deception from the first instance onward.
Not everything in life is so black and white, but the authenticity of the Book of Mormon and its keystone role in our religion seem to be exactly that. Either Joseph Smith was the prophet he said he was, a prophet who, after seeing the Father and the Son, later beheld the angel Moroni, repeatedly heard counsel from Moroni's lips, and eventually receiving at his hands a set of ancient gold plates which he then translated by the gift and power of God—or else he did not. And if he did not, he would not be entitled to the reputation of New England folk hero, or well-meaning young man or writer of remarkable fiction. No, nor would he be entitled to be considered a great teacher, a quintessential American religious leader, or the creator of a great devotional literature. If he had lied about the coming forth of the Book of Mormon, he would certainly be none of these.
I am suggesting that one has to take something of a do-or-die stand regarding the restoration of the gospel of Jesus Christ, and the divine origins of the Book of Mormon. Reason and righteousness require it. Joseph Smith must be accepted either as a prophet of God or else as a charlatan of the first order, but no one should tolerate any ludicrous, even laughable middle ground about the wonderful contours of a young boy's imagination or his remarkable facility for turning a literary phrase. That is an unacceptable position to take – morally, literally, historically, or theologically. (Christ and the New Covenant [1997], pages 345-46.)
President Russell M. Nelson said to new mission presidents: The Book of Mormon is the instrument by which the promised gathering of Israel will be accomplished—it was written for our day . . . It is the tangible and irrefutable evidence that Joseph Smith is the prophet of this last dispensation—the dispensation when the world is to be prepared for the Second Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ." (Church News, July 1, 2018)
As I read the Book of Mormon every day, I continue to be overwhelmed by its power to edify me. I have no doubts of its ancient origins as I see so many Hebrew-influenced phrases within its pages. I am amazed by the magnificence of the theology it proclaims. I stand as a witness that the Book of Mormon is true, and that it was brought forth in these last days to give hope and happiness to mankind.
2 Comments | Post or read comments
Dorinda NicholsonJanuary 5, 2020
This article is even more meaningful having just come from Sunday School class. This is the first time I remember in BOM studies that we started with the title page and not with First Nephi. Thank you for the depth and preparation for our study this upcoming year.
Angie MannJanuary 4, 2020
Wow! I cannot begin to express my thanks for the time and effort put into writing this article. What a golden nugget of resource!
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THE EMOTIONAL TURMOIL OF CHILDREN IN MATTERS OF DIVORCE - WITH SPECIAL REGARDS TO MEDIATION
By- Sakshi Kathuria, 2nd Year, Student at School of Law, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Bengaluru and Dhriti Bole, 2nd Year, Student at School of Law, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Bengaluru
(Image Source: TED Ideas- TED Talks)
Child custody alludes to the legitimate connection between parents, and their child. Custody entitles the parent the right to raise, care for, and settle on choices concerning the child. The issue of 'Child Custody' manifests during divorce procedures or judicial separation; it turns into a significant problem to be decided upon by the courts. It alludes towards controlling, mindful, and upkeep of the child under 18 years old by the custodial parent under set boundaries, such as monetary security, understanding with the child, way of life, and so forth. In India, at present, the custody of children is determined by one secular law and various other religious laws - the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, and the Hindu Law.[1]
Guardianship implies abundant rights and powers that an adult has concerning the individual and the property of a minor, while custody is a smaller idea regarding the upkeep, and everyday care, and control of the minor. The term "custody" is not elucidated in any Indian statutes.
TYPES OF CHILD CUSTODY
Physical Custody: Physical custody signifies to the right of one parent to reside and take care of the child.
Sole Custody: Sole custody is a child custody arrangement, whereby one parent has the legal and physical custody of a child, while the other parent has only visitation rights.
Joint Custody: In the case of joint custody,[2] both the parents get the physical custody of the child in periodic intervals. Thus, both the parents, have equal rights to the child, and they also share equal parenting time.
Legal Custody: Legal custody differs from physical custody in the sense that one parent is given the right to take important decisions of the child, such as education, medical facilities, etc. However, both the parents can be given the legal custody of the child.
Interim Custody / Temporary Custody: The court by the virtue of section 12 of the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, can pass orders for temporary custody and protection of the person or property of the minor. The paramount condition of deciding on child custody cases is the welfare of the child and the same holds true in the temporary custody or interim custody cases the section 12 of the aforesaid act empowers the court to pronounce any orders as it may deem fit.
WHY MEDIATION?
The introduction of Section 89 (1) of The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, conferred the Indian Judicial system the framework to use several alternative modes of dispute resolution, amongst it is mediation.
S.89(1) states that "Where it appears to the court that there exist elements of a settlement which may be acceptable to the parties, the court shall formulate the terms of the settlement and give them to the parties for their observations and after receiving the observations of the parties, the court may reformulate the terms of a possible settlement and refer the same for
arbitration;
conciliation;
judicial settlement including settlement through Lok Adalat;
mediation."
The laws, because of being poorly drafted raised many questions on its constitutional validity but in Salem Advocate Bar Association v. Union of India,[3] the Supreme Court held that S.89 was constitutionally valid and established a committee which was mainly involved in drafting rules on mediation. Later, on 9th April 2005, the CJI R. C. Lahoti J. initiated the establishment of the Mediation and Conciliation Project Committee (MCPC) for the cordial resolution of the disputes pending in the matter of section 89 of the aforenamed act.
The mediator simplifies negotiations and communications between the parties and untangles their underlying interests while helping them reach a zone of viable agreement.
An essential feature of mediation is, it is confidential, which implies any particulars of the mediation process can not be used in the judicial or quasi-judicial forums, they also cannot unravel any information, documentation, proposals, and anything conferred with the mediator or the other side. Mediation is emphasized upon, to these disputes because the parents can minutely orchestrate their child's life post-separation.
MEDIATION IN CHILD CUSTODY
Section 9 of the Family Court Act, 1984, makes it obligatory for the parties to first resolve their marital dispute through mediation. In the case of K. Srinivas Rao vs. D.A. Deepa[4], the apex court held that mediation is the sine qua non before filing for divorce. It was reasoned that:
The marital dispute matters are sometimes trivial and can be resolved through mediation. The court based its reasoning on the fact that it has earlier referred various cases to mediation and about 10 to 15% of the marital disputes got settled by this form of dispute resolution. They, therefore, made it mandatory for the Family Courts or the courts of the first instance to refer such disputes to mediation at their preliminary stages, particularly those relating to child custody, maintenance, etc. Section 9 of the Family Court Act urges the courts to try to settle these disputes and, in their efforts, they are assisted by the counselors and mediators who are specifically trained to settle such disputes.
Mediated agreements are valuable to children as it reduces clashes and creates an understanding explicitly favoring a child's needs. It circumvents resentment between the parents as both would be heard and will form a common ground.
THE PREDICAMENT OF CHILD DURING CUSTODY BATTLES
Parental child abduction: Indian courts have shown noteworthy irregularity in upholding foreign court orders in childcare matters. The purpose of this is India comes up short on an enactment to direct parental child expulsion. The Government tried to fill this legitimate space by impractically presenting the Protection of Children (Inter-country Removal and Retention) Bill, 2016 that has lapsed. Parental child abduction[5] alludes to the child kidnapping by a parent from other parent's consideration. Parental child abduction happens during the course or after separation procedures. A parent expels or holds the child from the other trying to increase a bit of leeway in expected or pending child custody procedures, or because that parent fears losing the child in those uncertain child authority procedures. An individual submits to child kidnapping when they purposefully disregard any terms of a legitimate court request giving sole or joint care to another, hiding or keeping the child or expelling the child from the ward of court. Children may feel compelled to choose sides or may hear one parent speaking disparagingly about the other parent, creating turmoil and dread.
Emotional stress: In India, the marriage is not merely between two individuals, it's between two families, and the most noticeably awful influenced casualties of separation are presumably the children. The ruinous circumstance for a child is observing the separation of their parents. Witnessing the conflicts and unrest between the parents is an appalling condition for the child. The child, when asked for choosing among his parents, he often ends up feeling guilty and confused. Eventually, children sometimes endure agony while being in the middle of a loyalty contest a.k.a. Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS). This syndrome was first recognized in India in Vivek Singh vs. Romani Singh.[6] Parental Alienation Syndrome is generally characterized by a sense of hatred, guilt, and antagonism towards the alienated parent.
Now it is the need of the hour that a more child-focused approach to child custody determination is required. The concept of the child custody system is changing all around the globe. To ascertain the custody, the well-being of the child is of supreme regard. In foreign countries the notion of a shared parenting system is ubiquitous. In this concept both the parents will participate in the upbringing of the child and the child will be nourished and raised with the love and care of both the parents and will not have to suffer the emotional mayhem. There is no straitjacket formula that can be applied universally to all cases of custody, India needs a new law in this regard. The 257th Law Commission of Report appraised the issue of adopting a shared parenting system in India. There is too much left to the discretion and wisdom of the court to determine the best interest of the child in each case relating to custody of the child. Accordingly, the Law Commission of India rightly observed that joint custody must be provided as an option that a decision-maker can award if the decision-maker is convinced that it shall further the welfare of the child along with the proposed amendment.
[1]Ramesh Tukaram Gadhwe v. Sumanbai Wamanrao Gondkar, 2007 SCC OnLine Bom 975 [2]KM Vinaya v. B Srinivas, MFA No. 1729/2011
[3]AIR 2003 SC 189 [4](2013) 5 SCC 226 [5]Nithya Anand Raghavan v. State (NCT of Delhi) (2017) 8 SCC 454.
[6](2017) 3 SCC 231


Our guest tonight is Sam Jojola, a former Deputy Resident Agent-in-Charge for U.S. Fish and Wildlife (USFWS) Office of Law Enforcement in the Los Angeles area from 2006 to 2008. Sam will be talking about the USDA's Wildlife Services' killing of animals, wildlife trafficking, trophy hunting, Safari Club International, the poisoning of birds by the mining industry, kill permits for the wind energy industry, and more.
Sam had over 24 years in federal wildlife law enforcement experience with emphasis in long term covert operations. He worked deep covert operations for 6 years in the legacy USFWS Branch of Special Operations, targeting international wildlife smugglers. From 2003 t0 2006, he worked in San Francisco with the FBI, IRS and ICE on a fascinating task force investigation involving money laundering, tax evasion, trademark infringement and ivory trafficking. In 1994, Sam assisted the Secret Service in a covert capacity to uncover a counterfeiting network in Las Vegas. Sam was also a volunteer Air Marshal following 9/11 for 6 months. Sam's prior experience includes work as a Correctional Officer in a state penitentiary and as a U.S. Army Light Weapons NCO. Sam is now writing articles for the PPJ Gazette.


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Con il termine "Classici Disney" vengono solitamente definiti i lungometraggi d'animazione prodotti dalla Walt Disney Animation Studios (precedentemente nota come Walt Disney Feature Animation e prima ancora come Walt Disney Productions), uno studio di animazione statunitense con sede a Burbank (contea di Los Angeles) che produce film d'animazione per la Walt Disney Company.

Lo studio ha prodotto 61 lungometraggi a partire da Biancaneve e i sette nani (1937) fino a Strange World - Un mondo misterioso (2022). La filmografia, ufficializzata nel 2008 dopo decenni di diatribe e ribadita in un video celebrativo nel 2010, include anche film di durata inferiore a 70 minuti (il più breve, Saludos Amigos, è un mediometraggio di 42 minuti) o composti anche da scene in live action (come Fantasia, composto quasi interamente in tecnica mista), ed è indipendente da qualsiasi marchio apparso in edizioni home video.

È in programma un nuovo lungometraggio: Wish, la cui uscita nei cinema è prevista per il 22 novembre 2023, insieme ai sequel Frozen III e Zootropolis 2 (entrambi ancora senza una data di uscita).

Elenco completo
L'elenco seguente non include né i film Disney Pixar Animation Studios (come Toy Story o Alla ricerca di Nemo) né i sequel Disney (come Il ritorno di Jafar o Il re leone II - Il regno di Simba), a meno che non siano stati inclusi nel canone ufficiale (per esempio Bianca e Bernie nella terra dei canguri, Ralph spacca Internet e Frozen II - Il segreto di Arendelle). Non sono inclusi nel canone dei Classici nemmeno i corti di guerra e il film Victory Through Air Power, in quanto il film è stato fatto con molte sequenze in live action (rendendolo quindi non idoneo per il canone) e tutti sono stati fatti sotto costrizione e contro la volontà di Walt Disney, oltre al fatto che i corti e film di guerra non sono mai stati pubblicizzati dopo il conflitto come "prodotti della Disney".

Incassi

Il 4 novembre 2015 è uscito un forziere in legno composto da 52 DVD. Tuttavia, si tratta di una numerazione sbagliata:

1. Il film Dinosauri non è stato inserito, e dopo Fantasia 2000 è presente Le follie dell'imperatore.

2. Il film Winnie the Pooh - Nuove avventure nel Bosco dei 100 Acri non è stato inserito nel forziere, e dopo Rapunzel - L'intreccio della torre è presente Ralph Spaccatutto.

3. All'interno del forziere c'è Uno zoo in fuga (targato come 46° classico accanto tra Chicken Little - Amici per le penne e I Robinson - Una famiglia spaziale), che non è un classico Disney in quanto prodotto dalla C.O.R.E. Feature Animation.

4. Nel forziere c'è anche il film Musica Maestro con copertina e audio inglese. Poi, l'anno successivo è distribuito in versione italiana.

Tutti i DVD hanno una numerazione sbagliata, a partire da Le follie dell'imperatore.

Critica

Premi
Da quando nel 2002 è stata creata la categoria "Oscar al miglior film d'animazione" i Classici Disney hanno ricevuto nomination e hanno vinto alcuni premi, stesso discorso per il "Golden Globe per il miglior film d'animazione" istituito nel 2007. Nella tabella di seguito sono inserite anche le nomination e le vittorie degli Annie Award.

Come si può notare dalla tabella Frozen e Zootropolis sono gli unici film ad aver vinto il premio Oscar, il Golden Globe e anche l'Annie Award per il "Migliore lungometraggio d'animazione".

Va fatto notare però che prima del 2000 altri Classici oltre a quelli sopra elencati hanno vinto premi Oscar in altre categorie.

Note

Annotazioni

Voci correlate
 Lungometraggi Disney
 Lista dei remake in live action dei classici Disney
 Walt Disney Animation Studios
 Disney A to Z: The Official Encyclopedia
 Principesse Disney
 Cattivi Disney

Collegamenti esterni

Disney, Classici

Liste Disney


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If you have a vision for what you like, our remodeling consultant can help you refine the details. If you do not have a vision for your new bathroom, kitchen, or whatever you're remodeling, that's okay. Our remodeling specialist will discuss how best to meet your needs and what is most suitable for your space. They will advise you on whether your vision will fit into your budget.
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Solar energy vocabulary
Home » Solar energy vocabulary
Here I will explain what some terms related to solar energy mean. Solar energy vocabulary
Solar energy has become very popular in recent years, it is a very large market that covers many terms that are sometimes unknown to us, for this reason in this article I will give you the definition of many words about solar energy.
Dictionary and glossary with definitions, meaning and explanations of some technical terms in the solar, thermal solar and photovoltaic energy sector.
AgenciaNL NL Agency is an agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs that offers entrepreneurs, knowledge institutions and governments a single point of contact for sustainability, innovation and international business.
System Balance All parts of a solar power system, except solar panels, such as wiring, inverters, or installation material.
The dome The Sustainable Energy Dome Foundation wants to promote and stimulate the application of sustainable energy in the Netherlands by increasing influence on politicians and legislators in favor of sustainable energy.
network parity The moment in which self-generated sustainable energy has the same price as 'grey' electricity from the electricity grid.
isolated solar energy Isolated solar energy is when in remote places where the electricity grid does not reach, electricity is supplied with a photovoltaic system
investor English for investors. See investor.
IPZ The NL Agency Solar Energy Innovation Program focuses on strengthening and expanding the solar energy sector in the Netherlands and specifically focuses on the gap between R&D and the implementation of solar energy in the built environment.
Environment Center Stichting Milieu Centraal is an independent information organization that provides consumers with practical information about the environment and energy in everyday life.
kWh/kWp The KiloWattHour to KiloWattPeak ratio indicates how much power a solar power system produces per specific kWp, per year. This number depends, for example, on the orientation of the panels, on whether they are kept clean and, of course, on the number of hours of sunshine in that particular year. A properly installed solar power system generates an average of 700 to 900 kWh per kWp in the Netherlands.
kWp Abbreviation for KiloWattPeak, a unit of power supplied by a solar power system under standard conditions.
module A module is a closed system that contains several solar cells.
They are usually aluminum boxes with a glass lid, since they are usually found on rooftops. Also called solar panel.
(mono c-Si) It is a kind of solar cell material. Monocrystalline solar cells generally have slightly higher power than polycrystalline solar cells.
Microinversore This small piece is used in outdoor solar technology to convert direct current to alternating current so that it is compatible with the electrical grid. It is a compact element that is installed in the anchoring system, specifically in the rails, under each solar panel.
Works individually on each solar panel
investor An inverter converts the direct voltage from the solar panels into alternating current, so that the energy can be used in the usual way. Also called inverter. An inverter is essential to connect a solar energy system to the electrical grid.
panel power The power delivered by a solar panel or a solar energy system under standard conditions, expressed in WattPeak (Wp)
photovoltaic Abbreviation in English of Photovoltaic, or photovoltaic, the direct conversion of light into electrical energy. So solar power.
Red Compensation is the settlement of the solar energy returned to the grid with the energy supplied from the grid.
Silicon Silicon (Latin: silex) is a metallic chemical element with atomic number 14, belonging to group 14 of the periodic table and having the symbol Si.1 It is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust after oxygen (25.7% by mass).2 Silicon occurs in both amorphous and crystalline forms; the former is a brownish powder that is more active than the crystalline version, which occurs as blue-grey octahedrons with a metallic sheen.
Charge controller or charge regulator The charge controller, also called charge controller, is the part of the system that is responsible for controlling and regulating the energy circulating between the battery and the photovoltaic solar panels. In short, the charge controller prevents the battery from overcharging and discharging when receiving photovoltaic energy from the photovoltaic solar panels of the PV system.
Peak Watts WattPeak or Wattpeak is a unit for the power of a solar panel or solar power system.
Solar cell A solar cell is an electrical element that converts sunlight into electrical energy. Enclosed in a weather resistant casing it is called a solar panel or module.
Panel solar A solar panel is a weatherproof box that contains several solar cells. Also called modules.
Solar energy Solar energy is the electricity obtained by collecting sunlight.
photovoltaic effect It is the physical process by which the sun's rays are transformed into electricity.


Today is tons of stress day trying to catch up from a much needed Good Friday off. Adding to the anxiety is taking off early to watch Paige's last track meet. I tried to work in the car in between races, but I almost smothered, even with windows down.
Unfortunately, there was a school there that hasn't been at the other meets that had extremely fast 1600m and 2400m runners. Had it not been for them, she would have won about like she usually does. One runner in the mile relay was hurt, so she had to sub. Hadn't touched the baton until race time.
Anyone else struggle with the need for down time vs. the stress to catch up? It may be the death of me.


The active ingredient in TotalCurve is Volufilline which comes from Sarsasapogenin a (plant extract). What it does is stimulate the fat cells within the breast which cause them to dived and grow Hydrogenated polyisobutene increases the amount of fat stored within the breast, Volufilline has been used for decades with no known side effects. TotalCurve will increase the size of your breasts by 1-2 cup sizes bigger.
TotalCurve includes a nutritional supplement that helps increase breast size. Using the herbal pills with the breast cream will have a greater impact on making your breasts bigger. The supplement contains a variety of plant estrogens that help naturally increase estrogen, more estrogen means fuller, perkier breasts. Many women who have taken the supplement have commented that it has had a secondary benefit on increasing libido.
One of the things that we love about TotalCurve Cream is that both the breast enhancement cream and pills offer everything you need to make your breast bigger. Plus both come at an affordable price. TotalCurve can be used along with other brest enhancement methods including vacuum therapy and breast massage.
Does TotalCurve Really work as well as Breast Success?
TotalCurve works even better than Breast Success, in fact there are dozens of REAL customer testimonials from women who have been very successful using TotalCurve. Below are three testimonials and the results the women have received after using the Total Curve Cream and supplements.
How long does it tke for total curve to work?
Who should consider using Total Curve?
Women over the age of 18 who want bigger breasts will benefit from using TotalCurve. Older women can benefit from its firming and lifting properties. TotalCurve is also an excellent product to help eliminate sagging breasts making them look younger and rejuvinated. .
How much does TotalCurve Cost?
As mentioned earlier TotalCurve contains the same ingredients if not more than other leading selling bust enhancing creams. A one month supply of the breast cream and pills combo cost $69.95. Total Curve also sells a 3 month platinum package that cost $179.95 or for maximum results you can order the 6 month diamond package for $299.95.
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If you are someone looking for a quality yet inexpensive breast cream that works, TotalCurve is the perfect Breast Success alternative, it truly delivers on its promise and will give you fuller, firmer and bigger breasts in a short period of time. Most women will see immediate results within the first week.