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Harvard's libraries deal with disruptive change.
Nearly half of Harvard's collection is housed at the Harvard Depository, a marvel of efficient off-campus storage. Library assistant Carl Wood reshelves books in the 30-foot-high, 200-foot-long stacks.
Books and Budgets
The proliferation of knowledge in new fields and formats challenged Harvard libraries even before the University's fiscal problems arose.
Digital Preservation: An Unsolved Problem
The quest to ensure future access to past and present knowledge
[extra:Extra] Find links to open digital collections and watch a humorous video.
"Throw it in the charles," one scientist recently suggested as a fitting end for Widener Library's collection. The remark was outrageous--especially at an institution whose very name honors a gift of books--but it was pointed. Increasingly, in the scientific disciplines, information ranging from online journals to databases must be recent to be relevant, so Widener's collection of books, its miles of stacks, can appear museum-like. Likewise, Google's massive project to digitize all the books in the world will, by some accounts, cause research libraries to fade to irrelevance as mere warehouses for printed material. The skills that librarians have traditionally possessed seem devalued by the power of online search, and less sexy than a Google query launched from a mobile platform. "People want information 'anytime, anyplace, anywhere,'" says Helen Shenton, the former head of collection care for the British Library who is now deputy director of the Harvard University Library. Users are changing--but so, too, are libraries. The future is clearly digital.
Isaac Kohane, director of the Countway Medical Library, sees librarians returning to a central role in medicine as curators of databases and as teachers of complex bioinformatics search techniques.
Yet if the format of the future is digital, the content remains data.And at its simplest, scholarship in any discipline is about gaining access to information and knowledge, says Peter Bol, Carswell professor of East Asian languages and civilizations. In fields such as botany or comparative zoology, researchers need historical examples of plant and animal life, so they build collections and cooperate with others who also have collections. "We can call that a museum of comparative zoology," he says, "but it is a form of data collection." If you study Chinese history, as Bol does, you need access to primary sources and to the record of scholarship on human history over time. You need books. But in physics or chemistry, where the research horizon is constantly advancing, much of the knowledge created in the past has very little relevance to current understanding. In that case, he says, "you want to be riding the crest of the tidal wave of information that is coming in right now. We all want access to information, and in some cases that will involve building collections; in others, it will mean renting access to information resources that will keep us current. In some cases, these services may be provided by a library, in others by a museum or even a website."
Meanwhile, "Who has the most scientific knowledge of large-scale organization, collection, and access to information? Librarians," says Bol. A librarian can take a book, put it somewhere, and then guarantee to find it again. "If you've got 16 million items," he points out, "that's a very big guarantee. We ought to be leveraging that expertise to deal with this new digital environment. That's a vision of librarians as specialists in organizing and accessing and preserving information in multiple media forms, rather than as curators of collections of books, maps, or posters."
Librarians as Information Brokers
Bol is particularly interested in the media form known as Google Book Search (GBS). The search-engine giant is systematically scanning books from libraries throughout the world in order to assemble an enormous, Internet-accessible digital library: at 12 million books, its collection is already three-quarters the size of Harvard's. Soon it will be the largest library the world has ever known. Harvard has provided nearly a million public domain (pre-1923) books for the project; by participating, the University helped with the creation of a new tool (GBS) for locating books that is useful to people both at Harvard and around the world. And participation made the full text content of these books searchable and available to everyone in the United States for free.
GBS appeals to Bol and other scholars because it gives them quick and easy access to books that Harvard does not own (litigation over the non-public-domain works in GBS notwithstanding). For Bol, such a tool might be especially useful: Harvard acquires only 15,000 books from China each year, but he estimates that it ought to be collecting closer to 50,000. So GBS could be a boon to scholarship.
But GBS also raises all kinds of questions. If everything eventually is available at your fingertips, what will be the role of libraries and librarians?
"Internet search engines like Google Books fundamentally challenge our understanding of where we add value to this process," says Dan Hazen, associate librarian of collection development for Harvard College. Librarians have worked hard to assemble materials of all kinds so that it is "not a random bunch of stuff, but can actually support and sustain some kind of meaningful inquiry," he explains. "The result was a collection that was a consciously created, carefully crafted, deliberately maintained, constrained body of material."
Internet search explodes the notion of a curated collection in which the quality of the sources has been assured. "What we're seeing now with Google Scholar and these mass digitization projects, and the Internet generally," says Hazen, "is, 'Everything's out there.' And everything has equal weight. If I do a search on Google, I can get a scholarly journal. I can get somebody's blog posting....The notion of collection that's implicit in 'the universe is at my fingertips' is diametrically opposed, really, to the notion of collection as 'consciously curated and controlled artifact.'" Even the act of reading for research is changed, he points out. Scholars poring through actual newspapers "could see how [an item] was presented on the page, and the prominence it had, and the flow of content throughout a series of articles that might have to do with the same thing--and then differentiate those from the books or other kinds of materials that talked about the same phenomenon. When you get into the Internet world, you tend to get a gazillion facts, mentions, snippets, and references that don't organize themselves in that same framework of prominence, and typology, and how stuff came to be, and why it was created, and what the intrinsic logic of that category of materials is. How and whether that kind of structuring logic can apply to this wonderful chaos of information is something that we're all trying to grapple with."
How does searching digitally in a book relate to the act of reading? "There may be a single fact that's important," Hazen explains. "Is the book's overall argument something that's equally important as the single factor is it just irrelevant? When people worry about reading books online, part of the worry is that the nuances of a well-developed argument that goes on linearly for 300 pages [are missing]. That's not the way you interact with a text online." How the flood of information from digitized books will be integrated into libraries, which have a separate and different, though not necessarily contradictory, logic remains to be seen. "For librarians, and the library, trying to straddle these two visions of what we're about is something that we're still trying to figure out."
The printed book took hundreds of years to replace handwritten manuscripts, which persisted as an economical way to produce small numbers of copies into the nineteenth century, nearly 400 years after Gutenberg invented movable type. Robert Darnton, director of the University Library, shown with Diderot's Encyclopédie, predicts great longevity for the book.
Moreover, the prospect that, increasingly, libraries will be stewards of vast quantities of data, a great deal from books, and some unique, raises very serious concerns about the long-term preservation of digital materials. "What worries us all," says Nancy M. Cline, Larsen librarian of Harvard College, "is that we really haven't tested the longevity for a lot of these digital resources." This is a universal problem and the subject of much international attention and research. "If you walk into the book stacks," she points out, "you can simply smell in some areas the deterioration of the paper and leather. But with something that hums away on a server, we don't have the same potential to observe" (see "Digital Preservation: An Unsolved Problem," page 82).
Despite these caveats, Bol's vision of future librarians as digital-information brokers rather than stewards of physical collections is already taking shape in the scientific disciplines, where the concerns raised by Hazen are less important. In fields faced with information overload--such as biology, coping with a barrage of genomic data, and astronomy, in which an all-sky survey telescope can generate a terabyte of data in a single night--the torrents of raw information are impossible to absorb and understand without computational aids.
Medicine has had to cope with this problem ever since nineteenth-century general practitioners found they could no longer keep up with the sheer quantity of published medical literature. Specialization eventually allowed doctors to focus only on the journals in their particular area of expertise. Throughout such transitions, libraries played an important role. Doctors, upon completing their rounds, would comb the stacks for records of similar cases that might help with diagnosis and treatment. Today, the amount of new information being generated in the biological sciences is prescribing another momentous shift that may provide a glimpse of the future in other disciplines. For a doctor, learning about a genetic test and then interrogating a database to understand the results could save a life. For libraries and librarians, the new premium on skills they have long cultivated as curators, preservers, and retrievers of collective knowledge puts them squarely on top of an information geyser in the sciences that could reshape medicine.
Mining the Bibliome
Isaac Kohane, director of the Countway Library at Harvard Medical School (HMS), recently asked a pointed question on his blog: Who is the better doctor--the one who can remember more diagnostic tests or the one "who is the quickest and most savvy at online searching for the relevant tests?" He predicts that "we are going to be uncomfortable with some of the answers to these questions for many years to come" because success based not on bedside manner, but on competence interacting with a database, implies a potential devaluing of skills that society has honored. And who is pondering these issues most acutely? A blogging librarian and pediatric endocrinologist with a Ph.D. in computer science.
One hundred years ago, says Kohane, a report on medical education in the United States concluded that doctors were inadequately prepared to care for patients. Half the medical schools in the country closed. "I think we are at a similar inflection point," he says. "If you look at bioinformatics and genetics, you see vivid examples--which can be generalized to other parts of medicine--where the system has inadequately educated and empowered its workers in the use of search, electronic resources, and automated knowledge management." Genetic testing, he adds, offers a "prismatic example": studies in the Netherlands and the United States have shown that "physicians are ordering genetic tests because patients are asking them to, [even though] they don't know how to interpret the tests and are uncomfortable doing so."
Kohane sees similar problems when making the rounds with medical students, fellows, and residents: "When we run into a problematic complex patient with a clearly genetic problem from birth, and I ask what the problem might be and what tests are to be ordered, their reflex is either to search their memories for what they learned in medical school or to look at a textbook that might be relevant. They don't have what I would characterize as the 'Google reflex,' which is to go to the right databases to look things up." The students doubtless use Google elsewhere in their lives, but in medicine, he explains, "the whole idea of just-in-time learning and using these websites is not reflexive. That is highly troublesome because the time when you could keep up even with a subspecialty like pediatric neurosurgery by reading a couple of journals is long, long gone."
The journals themselves have grown in number and quantity of articles, but "the amount of data being produced and analyzed in large, curated databases," Kohane says, "exceeds by several orders of magnitude what appears in printed publications." The fact that students and doctors don't think to use this digital material is an international problem. "Even at Harvard," where "we spend millions of dollars" annually for access to the databases, "many of the medical staff, graduate students, and residents don't know how to use…," he pauses. "Well, it's worse than that. They don't know that they exist."
But in this lamentable situation Kohane sees an opportunity for medical libraries, whose role, he believes, had faded for a while. "It is becoming so clear that medicine and medical research are an information-processing enterprise, that there's an opportunity for a library that would embrace that as a mission...to be again a center of the medical enterprise."
Kohane has sought to do just that by creating an information institute--an HMS-wide center for biomedical informatics--embedded within Countway Library. The institute offers voluntary mini-courses, invariably oversubscribed, explaining what the relevant databases are, how to plumb them, and how to analyze the data they produce. A parallel effort under his supervision seeks to "mine the bibliome"--the totality of the electronically published medical literature--by allowing researchers to track down relationships between genes and diseases in the published literature that would not be apparent when searching one reference at a time. Librarians in the institute also comb databases for contradictions, and find references to sites in the genome that can't possibly exist because the coordinates are wrong. In making sure that information is good, the library is "returning to its original mission of curation," says Kohane, "but in a genomic era and around bioinformatics." This defines a new role for librarians as database experts and teachers, while the library becomes a place for learning about sophisticated search for specialized information.
Such skills-based teaching, learning, and data curation depend on finding individuals who are trained in medicine and also have the public-minded qualities of a librarian--rare indeed, as Kohane readily acknowledges. And even though the cost of such bioinformatics education is small relative to the millions of dollars spent on subscription fees for electronic periodicals (the price of which doubled between 2000 and 2010, says Kohane; see "Open Access," May-June 2008, page 61 for more on the crisis in scholarly communication), the resources to provide more educational support for complex types of database search training are insufficient across the University. "That's because we are trying to bolt on a solution to a problem that probably should be addressed foursquare within the core educational process," he says.
There is growing awareness of the need to have an "information-processing approach to medicine baked into the core education of doctoral and medical students." Otherwise, Kohane says, "we're condemning them to perpetual partial ignorance." Already, a few lectures on the topic are being introduced into the medical-school curriculum, making HMS a pioneer in this area. Discussions about bringing more of the biological/biomedical informatics agenda to the undergraduate campus are also under way.
Even in the relatively tradition-bound profession of law, digitization cuts so deeply that when Ess librarian and professor of law John G. Palfrey VII restructured the Law School library last year, he says he thought about the mission less as "How do we build the greatest collection of books in law?" and more as "How do we make information as useful as possible to our community now and over a long period of time?"
This focus on information services within a community guided both personnel decisions and collections strategies. "We scrapped the entire organizational structure," reports Palfrey (whose digital genes can be traced back to his former position as executive director of the law school's Berkman Center for Internet and Society). Last June 30, all the librarians handed in resignations for the jobs they had held and received new assignments. There is now a librarian who works with faculty members, teaching empirical research methods, and another who helps students and faculty conduct empirical research. The collection development group includes "a lab for hacking a library": a member of that team is working on an idea called "Stack View" that would allow the re-creation of serendipitous browsing in a digital format. Technology "allows you to reorganize information and present it in a totally different way," Palfrey points out.
The law library's new collection-development policy is organized along a continuum of materials for which the library takes increasing responsibility. These range from resources in the public domain that aren't collected, but to which the library provides access; to materials accessed under license; and all the way up to unique holdings of an historic or special nature that the library archives, preserves, and may one day digitize in order to provide online access. The fact that the library no longer buys everything published in the law has been made explicit. "It is no longer possible financially, nor is it desirable--not all of it is useful," Palfrey says bluntly. Only a third of newly purchased books are initially bound. "We'll put a barcode on it, put it on the shelf, and see if people use it," he explains. "If they do, and the book starts to wear, then we'll send it to the bindery."
Even though these changes may seem like cutbacks (they were in fact planned and in process before the University's financial crisis became apparent), he believes skilled librarians are in no danger of becoming obsolete: "The role of the librarian is much greater in this digital era than it has ever been before." Good lawyers need to be good at information processing, and Palfrey found in research for his book Born Digital that students today are not very good at using complex legal databases. "They try to use the same natural-language search techniques" they learned from using Google, he says, rather than thinking about research as "a series of structured queries. It's not that we don't need libraries or librarians," he continues, "it's that what we need them for is slightly different. We need them to be guides in this increasingly complex world of information and we need them to convey skills that most kids actually aren't getting at early ages in their education. I think librarians need to get in front of this mob and call it a parade, to actually help shape it."
Mary Lee Kennedy, executive director of knowledge and library services at Harvard Business School, whose very title suggests a new kind of approach, agrees with Palfrey. "The digital world of content is going to be overwhelming for librarians for a long time, just because there is so much," she acknowledges. Therefore, librarians need to teach students not only how to search, but "how to think critically about what they have found...what they are missing... and how to judge their sources."
Her staff offers a complete suite of information services to students and faculty members, spread across four teams. One provides content or access to it in all its manifestations; another manages and curates information relevant to the school's activities; the third creates Web products that support teaching, research, and publication; and the fourth group is dedicated to student and faculty research and course support. Kennedy sees libraries as belonging to a partnership of shared services that support professors and students. "Faculty don't come just to libraries [for knowledge services]," she points out. "They consult with experts in academic computing, and they participate in teaching teams to improve pedagogy. We're all part of the same partnership and we have to figure out how to work better together."
"A man will turn over half a library to make one book," said Samuel Johnson. Nancy Cline, Larsen librarian of Harvard College, displays a manuscript letter from the Hyde Collection of Dr. Samuel Johnson; all its Johnson letters are available online as part of the University Library's open-collections program.
"Just in Time" Libraries
All this is not to suggest that the traditional role of libraries as collections where objects are stored, preserved, and retrieved on request is going away. But it is certainly changing. Two facilities--one digital, the other analog--suggest a bifurcated future. The two could not be more different, though their mandates are identical.
In Cambridge, the Digital Repository Service (DRS) is a rapidly growing, 109-terabyte online library of 14 million files representing books, daguerreotypes, maps, music, images, and manuscripts, among other things, all owned by Harvard. In a facility that also serves other parts of the University, a two-person command center monitors more than a hundred servers. Green lights indicate all is well; red flashes when environmental conditions such as temperature or humidity exceed designated parameters. In a nearby room, warm and alive with the whirr of hundreds of cooling fans, their cumulative sound resembling the roar of a giant waterfall, a handful of servers hold the library's entire digital collection. Other servers are dedicated to "discovery," the technical term for the searchable online catalog, or "delivery," the act of providing a file to an end user.
There are at least three copies of the entire repository--one in, and two outside of, Cambridge. One of them, secured by thumbprint access, is constantly being read by machines at the disk level to ensure the integrity of the data, a process that takes a full month to complete. "Several times a year," says Tracey Robinson, who heads the library's office for information systems, "we detect data that have become corrupted. We engage in a constant process of refreshing and making sure that everything is readable." Any damaged material is quickly replaced with another copy from the backup.
The analog counterpart to the DRS is the Harvard Depository (HD), located in the countryside about 45 minutes from Boston. A low, modular building with loading dock bays, it resembles a warehouse more than anything else. In many ways, that is precisely what it is. Just two librarians oversee 7.5 million books held in an energy-efficient, climate-controlled environment--more than twice as many as are held at Widener, which is three times as large. "The libraries based in the city are among the most expensive in terms of linear capacity," says Nancy Cline. "The Depository as a concept is absolutely essential for us." A number of other libraries in the Boston area, including MIT, use the HD. The facility absorbs half a million new books each year, circulates 220,000, and boasts a 100 percent retrieval rate. (In 24 years, just two books could not be found for delivery; in a typical library, one study showed, patrons find what they are looking for only 50 percent of the time.)
The secret to the HD's extraordinary density and retrieval rate is simple: here, a book is not a book. Titles, subjects, authors--none of this so-called "metadata," the information people typically use to find things, matters. "We know how many books we get in," says assistant director of the University Library for the Harvard Depository Tom Schneiter, who directs the facility, "but we don't know what they are. To us, they are just barcodes. It makes our work much more efficient." A staff of dedicated workers, who rotate through different tasks in order to break up the routine, can check in as many as 800 barcodes an hour. All the items are sorted and shelved according to size in bins that are themselves barcoded. This allows the height of the shelves to be perfectly calibrated to the height of the books; no wasted airspace. Place a request for one of the books in the HD and it will be delivered the next business day to the campus library of your choosing.
Originally, the HD was intended to store only low-circulation items. But because the libraries of the Cambridge campus are "full to bursting," says Pforzheimer University Professor Robert Darnton, the director of the Harvard University library, "doing triage" on thousands of little-used books from the shelves each year to make room for new ones proved impractical. Now, most new books are simply sent to the HD. Although some professors lament the death of shelf-browsing, others are grateful when a book they love is sent off, because they know that when next they want it, not only will it be found, it will be well-preserved: time essentially stands still for the books at the HD, where an environment set at 50 degrees and 35 percent relative humidity is expected to maintain a book in the condition in which it arrived for 244 years.
The price of such longevity and retrievability is about 30 cents per stored volume per year, which compares favorably to the cost of digital storage; expense estimates from the HathiTrust (a national group of research libraries that have created a joint repository for digital collections) for storing a digital book scanned by Google range from 15 cents for black and white to 40 cents for color annually. Actually delivering a physical book from the HD, on the other hand, costs $2.15--much more than the delivery of a digital book to a computer screen.
But making comparisons between digital and analog libraries on issues of cost or use or preservation is not straightforward. If students want to read a book cover to cover, the printed copy may be deemed superior with respect to "bed, bath and beach," John Palfrey points out. If they just want to read a few pages for class, or mine the book for scattered references to a single subject, the digital version's searchability could be more appealing; alternatively, students can request scans of the pages or chapter they want to read as part of a program called "scan and deliver" (in use at the HD and other Harvard libraries) and receive a link to images of the pages via e-mail within four days.
One can imagine a not too radically different future in which patronless libraries such as the DRS and the HD would hold almost everything, supplying materials on request to their on-campus counterparts. Print on demand technology (POD) would allow libraries to change their collection strategies: they could buy and print a physical copy of a book only if a user requested it. When the user was done with the book, it would be shelved. It's a vision of "doing libraries 'just in time' rather than 'just in case,'" says Palfrey. (At the Harvard Book Store on Massachusetts Avenue, a POD machine dubbed Paige M. Gutenborgis already in use. Find something you like in Google's database of public-domain books--perhaps one provided by Harvard--and for $8 you can own a copy, printed and bound before your wondering eyes in minutes. Clear Plexiglas allows patrons to watch the process--hot glue, guillotine-like trimming blades, and all--until the book is ejected, like a gumball, from a chute at the bottom.)
Indeed, the HD might one day play a role as the fulcrum for "radical collaboration" with the five other law libraries in the Boston area, says Palfrey. "We're asking, 'Could we imagine deciding, as a group of six, that we're actually going to buy something and put it in the Harvard Depository,'" a central location from which the physical book could be delivered to any institution? "It would cost us a sixth as much." Other Harvard libraries could explore the same strategy.
That doesn't mean Harvard's campus libraries would become less important. Because they are embedded in the residential academic community, they remain integral to University life. Students (and faculty members) are big users of the physical spaces in libraries, though they are using them differently than in the past.
"Libraries are not conservative places anymore," says Cline. "From the user perspective, it is an interesting time. Some people still want the quiet, elegant reading room. Others would be frustrated if they had to be quiet in every part of the buildings, in part because their work requires that they talk, that they work in collaborative teams, that they share some of their research strategies. We're rethinking the physical spaces to accommodate more of the type of learning that is expected now, the types of assignments that faculty are making, that have two or three students huddled around a computer working together, talking."
Libraries are also being used as social spaces, adds Helen Shenton, where people can "get a cup of coffee, connect to WiFi, and meet their friends" outside their living space. In terms of research, students are asking each other for information more now than in the past, when they might have asked a librarian. "The flip side," Shenton continues, "is that some places are embedding their library and information specialists within disciplines and within faculties. So I think the whole model is like one of those snow globes. You pick it up and shake it around and all the pieces will settle in a different way, which is incredibly exciting."
A Future for Books
"A big misconception is that digital information and analog information are incompatible," says Darnton, himself an historian of the book. "On the contrary, the whole history of books and communication shows that one medium does not displace another." Manuscript publishing survived Gutenberg, continuing into the nineteenth century. "It was often cheaper to publish a book of under a hundred copies by hiring scribes," he says, than it was to set the type and hire people to run the press. Likewise, horsepower increased in the age of railroads. "There were more horses hauling passengers in the second half of the nineteenth century than there were in the first half. And there is good evidence that now, if a book appears electronically on your computer screen, and it's available for free, it will stimulate sales of the printed version."
Jeffrey Hamburger--a scholar of an even earlier medium, the medieval manuscript--who was recently named chair of a library advisory group, says that "the notion that we are going to abandon the codex as we have known it--the traditional book--and go digital overnight is very misguided. It is going to be a much longer transition than anyone suspects, just as the transition in the past between the oral tradition of literature in antiquity and silent reading as we've known it for almost two millennia was a long transition, taking the better part of a millennium itself."
Hamburger, the Francke professor of German art and culture, has worked extensively here and in Germany on projects involving the application of new media to the study of medieval manuscripts, but he says there are "still many, many things that new media cannot do as effectively as a good old-fashioned book": for example, combining text and an associated image on opposing pages. "It's instructive how many of the words we use to describe computer interfaces--tabs, bookmarks, scrolling--are derived from our experience with the book, and that's not just because of experience or familiarity," he adds. "It's because they have a certain practicality, and all of those, it so happens, are inventions of the Middle Ages." Computers, in reverting to scrolling, have "gone back to a much older technology, which had its merits but was deficient in its own ways, which is why it was replaced."
In advocating for the continued importance of books, and raising his concern that this could become the "lost decade" for acquisitions to Harvard's library collections, Hamburger emphasizes that he is not framing the University's current crisis in terms of books versus new media. "We need both, and we'll continue to need both. I think we have to take as a premise that the library is a vast, far-flung, varied institution, as varied and diverse as the intellectual community of the University itself, working for a range of constituents almost impossible to conceive of, and it's not just a service organization. I would even go so far as to call it the nervous system of our corporate body."
It would be a terrible mistake, Hamburger continues, "if different factions within the faculty, be it scientists and humanists, be it Western- or non-Western-focused scholars, started squabbling over resources. As a university, we have by definition a catholic, all-embracing mission, and the question is how to coordinate resources, not compete for them. The greatness of this university in the past and in the future rests on the greatness of our library. Without the library--old, new, digital, printed--this institution wouldn't be what it is."


Perosnal data at risk on stolen IRS laptops | BlackBerry Blast!
"At least 490 IRS computers have been stolen or lost since 2003 in security breaches that potentially jeopardized the personal information of more than 2,000 taxpayers, a government audit reported Wednesday.
The computers were lost in 387 incidents, most of which were not reported to the IRS computer security office as required, according to the report by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.
The audit also found that IRS laptops lacked adequate password controls and encryption software that would protect taxpayer information and other data."


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When my friend read about our recent AncestryDNA results, she mentioned how interesting it would be to see how many connections were made for someone who had well researched family tree. Being an adoptee, her research for her birth family has been a struggle. While my personal database still has much work to done on it, our online information at familysearch.org is the result of forty years of work. As mentioned in the last post our family tree database has not been placed on ancestry.com. Now that we are finally jumping into the DNA tool for advanced genealogy and family tree work, there are very few copies of my work for our family posted online. Finding DNA connections is fascinating and many of the people matching our results are found in my personal database. Viewing their family trees present some very similar links, but some have been totally different than our known ancestors.
Since my husband's results arrived just after posting the previous post, here are his and mine by comparison. This is very interesting.
Our children sure have an amazing DNA background. It will be interesting to see what their test results will show. My husband's top match is one of his cousins. My top match is one of my mother's cousins. That is what fascinates me most about the connections, as it truly defines your ancestral relationships.
Of my fifty top matches through the fourth generation there are eight that can be located on my family tree. Then there are two trees which connect to the Brosius and Johns families and we have no clue who they are. My favorite connections are to the Straw, Shuey, Reed families for my paternal grandmother's paternal line; the Anderson family for my maternal grandmother's paternal line; and the Strong and Rounds families for my maternal grandfather's maternal line. Those results came from viewing the family trees of those DNA connections. Twenty seven of the fifty matches had family trees, eighteen did not have family trees and five had private trees. The largest tree had 13,032 people and the two smallest trees had two people.
The main frustration is that my time for reviewing the results were limited this past two weeks. It will be interesting to return to the website and note any new additions. Then there are the pages of distant cousin matches. Realizing that this is all subject to being able to review one another's trees, it may become essential to place my tree online at ancestry.com. This feels like doing a jig saw puzzle with many serendipity moments waiting to be discovered. Then there is the moving on to uploading this information to FTDNA and see the matches to be found there. Once that is completed then it is on to GenMatch. This all feels like being on an exciting journey where there are so many possibilities for discovering our ever expanding family trees. This week our family tree grew to 9,702 people.
Have you done DNA testing and discovered some fascinating connections? Like my friend who has struggled with finding her birth relatives, those discoveries are crucial to really knowing who we are and where we came from, and will help chart our future and the future of our extended families.


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We request all our clients to make the selection of logo designing packages that effectively suit their needs and requirements. We are having a team of multi-talented and confident logo designers that will design the best quality and innovative logo designs for your company. Our professional team is having the limited turnaround time. We will also consult you with the further modifications that are required to be done in the designing aspect.


The Reliable Software Group (RSG) the lab I used to work for at UCSB finally put up the new website including all my Smart Phone Security research. I also put up my Master's Thesis titled Security of Smart Phones.
I also updated my Mobile Security Research website.
I'm going to do my 0wnd by an MMS talk at 23c3. The talk is more or less a redo from defcon-14, but I will try to fix it up a little. This will be my first talk at a Chaos Communication Congress and I'm already looking forward to it.
since I'm playing with OLSR I quickly built a package for my 770. In order to use it you need to be root and you need some basic knowledge about olsrd. The general steps are: edit /etc/olsrd.conf to fit your network, bring up interface and assign an IP address, configure the wireless part (essid, ad-hoc mode, and channel number), and finally start olsrd.
The package is available in my Maemo2 repository and on my Nokia 770 page.
There is a new effort to build up a OLSR-based wireless mesh network in Darmstadt. The project has just started so there are no nodes active yet, we are basically in the early planning phase and mainly build a list of potential node locations. The project coordination currently takes place on the CCC-Darmstadt mailinglist (subscribe via: darmstadt-subscribe [AT] lists.metarheinmain.de). Of course we are planning to use the excellent Freifunk firmware (actually I already have a test node up and running on my brand new Buffalo WHR-HP-G54).


text:
namespace llvm {
namespace pdb {
class PDBSymbolCompiland;
class PDBSymbolExe;

/// IPDBSession defines an interface used to provide a context for querying
/// debug information from a debug data source (for example, a PDB).
class IPDBSession {
public:
  virtual ~IPDBSession();

  virtual uint64_t getLoadAddress() const = 0;
  virtual void setLoadAddress(uint64_t Address) = 0;
  virtual std::unique_ptr<PDBSymbolExe> getGlobalScope() const = 0;
  virtual std::unique_ptr<PDBSymbol> getSymbolById(uint32_t SymbolId) const = 0;

  template <typename T>
  std::unique_ptr<T> getConcreteSymbolById(uint32_t SymbolId) const {
    auto Symbol(getSymbolById(SymbolId));
    if (!Symbol)
      return nullptr;

    T *ConcreteSymbol = dyn_cast<T>(Symbol.get());
    if (!ConcreteSymbol)
      return nullptr;
    (void)Symbol.release();
    return std::unique_ptr<T>(ConcreteSymbol);
  }

  virtual std::unique_ptr<PDBSymbol>
  findSymbolByAddress(uint64_t Address, PDB_SymType Type) const = 0;

  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBEnumLineNumbers>
  findLineNumbers(const PDBSymbolCompiland &Compiland,
                  const IPDBSourceFile &File) const = 0;
  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBEnumLineNumbers>
  findLineNumbersByAddress(uint64_t Address, uint32_t Length) const = 0;

  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBEnumSourceFiles>
  findSourceFiles(const PDBSymbolCompiland *Compiland, llvm::StringRef Pattern,
                  PDB_NameSearchFlags Flags) const = 0;
  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBSourceFile>
  findOneSourceFile(const PDBSymbolCompiland *Compiland,
                    llvm::StringRef Pattern,
                    PDB_NameSearchFlags Flags) const = 0;
  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBEnumChildren<PDBSymbolCompiland>>
  findCompilandsForSourceFile(llvm::StringRef Pattern,
                              PDB_NameSearchFlags Flags) const = 0;
  virtual std::unique_ptr<PDBSymbolCompiland>
  findOneCompilandForSourceFile(llvm::StringRef Pattern,
                                PDB_NameSearchFlags Flags) const = 0;

  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBEnumSourceFiles> getAllSourceFiles() const = 0;
  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBEnumSourceFiles>
  getSourceFilesForCompiland(const PDBSymbolCompiland &Compiland) const = 0;
  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBSourceFile>
  getSourceFileById(uint32_t FileId) const = 0;

  virtual std::unique_ptr<IPDBEnumDataStreams> getDebugStreams() const = 0;
};
}
}

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you currently have individual or family insurance, or are a small business owner, it is time to take notice and get serious about healthcare reform. Obviously there is a lot of confusion and controversy regarding this subject and much uncertainty in terms of what it will mean in the future. However, the good news is that many families and small business owners could benefit significantly with the new options.
For example, a couple in their 30's with 2 children and a $50,000 adjustable gross income will qualify for an estimated premium tax credit of $294/month.. This means that a health plan with a low copay for doctor visits, no deductible for accidents, and full preventive coverage would cost approximately $280/month! For the same family with an adjusted gross income of $40,000, the estimated tax credit is $410/month. The same health plan for this family would cost about $160/month! This family may be paying over $500/month for a similar plan currently or their employer may be paying close to $1000/month for a similar plan, splitting the costs with the employee. Either way, taking a look at the options available on the marketplace is definitely a worthwhile endeavor for both the business owner and the family.
Especially for a family with a tight budget and limited expendable income, this could free up significant funds for paying down debts, savings, vacations, or retirement planning. Please contact LIFE1010 to obtain plan options or get additional information on what the new healthcare marketplace will mean for you and your family. We are certified with the new healthcare marketplace as well as the exchange. Please contact us at Deanna@life1010.info or call Marc at 801-898-5604 or Ed at 801-698-8003 for additional information!


This is a delightful and award winning book. Full of fun and language play, it's a perfect entry to the world of poetry and rhyme. Very young children will want to hear, and repeat these contemporary rhymes again and again, just as they can with traditional nursery rhymes.
There's lots which will resonate with young children and their parents as many of the poems tap into familiar feelings and experiences; being excited about a party in Party Time, feeling anxious in Lost, being told what to do in Are you Listening? or wanting to have a go at something in Let me do it.
This is an inspired collaboration between two of our Lovemybooks' patrons; a great poet, Michael Rosen, and a great illustrator, Chris Riddell, with joyous results.
You could read the poems in order or browse and dip into the book, stopping to share the pages that take your fancy. Children will develop their own favourites (and so will you!) and enjoy hearing you reading them again and again. Encourage children to join in with the words and actions and perhaps with completing the rhymes.
I don't want, Oh Dear and Let Me Do It are just three of the poems with repeated lines or choruses which would be great fun for children to join in with.
The illustrations are absolutely delightful and children will enjoy looking at them and talking about them. Which are their favourite pages?
Recite The Button Bop when you are buttoning up clothes.
Dance to Tippy-Tappy and Music.
After sharing Boing Boing children can try to roll up like a ball or pounce like a tiger. Wiggly Wiggly will encourage lots of delightful wiggling, jiggling and giggling.
Finger story will encourage finger play and thinking together what fingers can do.
Practise counting down together with Party Time.
At mealtime you can repeat the words of Lunchtime, crunching and munching.
In I AM HUNGRY you can have fun together talking about all the things you'd eat if you were really hungry, or what makes you really angry in I AM ANGRY. Can children make a really angry face?
With Once they can enjoy looking scary like a terrible 'Berrible' perhaps looking at their faces in a mirror! Children might like to draw their own picture of a terrible Berrible.
Walker and Booktrust have produced some downloadable activity sheets on this book.
Chris Riddell has illustrated many children's books and is author and illustrator of the Ottoline and Goth Girl series. See our activity ideas for Ottoline and the Yellow Cat here.


text:
Global Regulatory Enforcement Law Blog
Updates and analysis on global regulatory and enforcement issues
Home Antitrust & Competition Ban on internet sales not necessarily illegal says European Advocate General
Ban on internet sales not necessarily illegal says European Advocate General
By Edward Miller on 7 March 2011 Posted in Antitrust & Competition
The Advocate General of the European Court recently issued an opinion in a case referred by the French court regarding distribution of Pierre Fabre cosmetics. In its agreements for the distribution of its Avène, Klorane, Galénic and Ducray brands, Pierre Fabre had included a clause banning its distributors from selling on the internet.
The Opinion of the Advocate General is interesting in that it takes a somewhat more flexible approach to an absolute ban on internet selling in a selective distribution agreement than might otherwise have been expected. In particular:
The French Court had been concerned that a ban on internet selling would constitute a "hardcore restriction" – in particular, because it seemed to constitute a restriction on active or passive sales to end users in a selective distribution system. The Advocate General underlined that the concept of a "hardcore restriction" is not derived from the Treaty, or even from the Vertical Restraints Block Exemption, but from the Commission's Guidelines on Vertical Restraints. Whilst, after examination of the agreement, including its economic and legal context, such a restriction might be found to constitute a restriction on competition by object, an individual examination of the agreement would always be required. In other words, the concept of a "hardcore" restriction is not strictly part of European law, and a restriction which has been classified by the Commission as a hardcore restriction needs to be examined like any other.
Pierre Fabre had argued that because its products had particular dermatological applications, the presence of a qualified pharmacist was required at the point of sale. As such, the products could not be sold via the internet. Fabre also argued that the internet sales ban was needed to reduce the risk of counterfeit sales. Whilst the Advocate General did not accept that the health reasons or risk of counterfeiting justified the internet sales ban in this case, he did say that it might be possible in other cases to justify a restriction on internet selling which did not go beyond what was necessary to achieve a legitimate objective. Again, the Advocate General is emphasising the need for an individual examination of each case, and rejecting the idea that a ban on internet selling will always be impossible to justify.
The Advocate General also considered whether an internet sales ban could be justified on the ground that it protected the image of the goods by requiring that they be sold in a physical space in the presence of a pharmacist. Again, the Advocate General does not reject this argument out of hand, and is of the view that it should be examined by the national court. Selective distribution by its nature permitted the imposition of certain restrictions for the purpose of protecting the image of the product. A restriction on internet sales which was proportionate might be justified as a way of protecting the image of goods under selective distribution, even though the effect might be to restrict parallel trade. A manufacturer could impose appropriate, reasonable and non-discriminatory conditions regarding internet sales to protect the image of its product and even an absolute ban on internet sales might be proportionate in very exceptional circumstances.
The Opinion provides some useful reminders of the necessity always to analyze restrictions on competition against basic principles rather than slavishly following published views of the Commission. The Opinion will please luxury brand owners by its nuanced views on the permissibility of restricting internet sales by selective distributors. It will be interesting to see what the Court makes of this Opinion when it hands down its judgment. The Advocate General's implied underlining of the fact that it is the Court, rather than the European Commission which is constitutionally entitled to the final say may well find favor.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A New Us Trailer Is Here, Courtesy Of Jordan Peele ... And Reddit?
Jordan Peele wants us to expect the unexpected with his films. So it's fitting, in a way, that the writer/director shared the second trailer for his horror film Us on Reddit. Peele tweeted a link to a subreddit he created for his production company, MonkeyPaw Productions.
A good chunk of the visuals are recycled from the first trailer, but that ominous voice-over from Lupita Nyong'o as Adelaide Wilson -- talking about coincidences, and the "black cloud hanging over us" -- is one of the new additions. There's no more "I Got 5 On It" to haunt your dreams this time, so there's that.
At the very least, this shows us Jordan Peele plans to promote the film in new ways. Getting Reddit on your side early is always a good idea.
Jordan Peele has already said Us will be much scarier than Get Out, since it's a pure horror film, as opposed to Get Out being deemed a "social thriller."
Haunted by an unexplainable and unresolved trauma from her past and compounded by a string of eerie coincidences, Adelaide feels her paranoia elevate to high-alert as she grows increasingly certain that something bad is going to befall her family. After spending a tense beach day with their friends, the Tylers (Elisabeth Moss, Tim Heidecker, Cali Sheldon, Noelle Sheldon), Adelaide and her family return to their vacation home. When darkness falls, the Wilsons discover the silhouette of four figures holding hands as they stand in the driveway.Us pits an endearing American family against a terrifying and uncanny opponent: doppelgängers of themselves.
Based on the trailers, it looks like the family's son Jason (Evan Alex) recognizes the strangers as "us," versions or doppelgängers of the family members.
Fans are expecting some twists ahead from writer/director Jordan Peele. Get Out was his first feature film and it won him the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay. He was also nominated for Best Director and his film was up for Best Picture. So expectations are high for his follow-up.
Us will have its world premiere at SXSW Film Festival on March 8. I'm looking forward to the reviews and fan reactions, and then seeing it myself. The horror movie opens wide March 22 as one of the many films to look forward to on the big screen in 2019.


US$1,442 Sailwinds.org has a global Alexa ranking of 15,618,578 . The global rank improved 644,781 positions versus the previous 3 months. Sailwinds.org estimated website worth is US$1,442 (based on the daily revenue potential of the website over a 12 month period). Sailwinds.org possibly receives an estimated 65 unique visitors every day. The website server is using IP address 104.31.68.248 and is hosted in , United States.
Description Live Football Streaming - Watch Live Football Matches Today from the top leagues in the world such as the Premier League, Laliga, Serie A and Bundesliga.


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Lower Mount Royal is an urban SW Calgary community with beautiful homes for sale. This community is popular among income property buyers due to its popularity with young professionals attracted to the unmatched access to 17th Ave amenities. Homes for sale here are almost exclusively units in mid-rise apartment buildings all within a block of 17th Ave, however some detached homes still do exist here. Lower Mount Royal is part of the general Beltline urban expansion and move towards density as demand rises for affordable housing near downtown jobs and popular spots for a night out. Lower Mount Royal also boasts great transit access, integration into the cycle track network, and all the shopping needs within walking distance. Residents can be close to the party, close to work, and close to friends – demand for housing here is sure to remain high for decades to come. See below listings for schools designated to Lower Mount Royal.


text:
Category: History of Science
The world's first test tube baby
Louise Joy Brown was born on July 25, 1978 with a caesarean section in Oldham, England. A very ordinary girl, but also not: Louise Brown was the world's first test tube baby - conceived under a microscope with artificial fertilization. Apart from that, everything was normal, and the happy parents of Louise, Lesley and John, called their wishing child a miracle.
From the archives of science: The battle for the telephone
In the US from the 1870s, the telegraph is the most popular method of exchanging information over great distances. But there are disadvantages to the technology: the cables can only handle one message at a time, and the transmission is cumbersome. For example, up to six signals are required for the transmission of a simple comma.
Kelvin scale: no degrees below zero
Temperature scale named after Lord Kelvin The name of the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1707-1744) is found every day in the weather forecast. The Americans are equally familiar with Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736), who also invented the mercury thermometer. In parts of Italy and Switzerland, cheese makers still use a dish that René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur drew up in 1731.
The world's oldest emoji discovered
At the national archives in Trenčín, Slovakia, they think it could have happened this way: In 1635, lawyer Jan Ladislaides had to take stock of the municipal balance in a village in the Strážov Mountains. The lawyer was so pleased with the numbers that he signed a circle next to his signature.
How did the distance to the sun be measured in ancient times?
Aristarchus of Samos is probably the first to attempt to determine distances in space - including the distance from the earth to the sun and the moon. In ancient times one could only measure the angles, because there were no distance meters yet. His results are quite inaccurate, although he worked according to the right principle.
When were the first books written?
The book has had many appearances. Already around 3000 BC. wrote the Sumerians with cuneiform script on clay tablets; the Egyptians at the same time wrote hieroglyphs on pressed papyrus strips. Only around the 5th century AD. the book appeared in the physical form that we still know today - so as a number of merged pages, held together by a cover.
New astronomical unit makes measurement easier
Astronomical unit was changed in 2012 Astronomy works with very large distances. And a number of them must be recorded precisely, because they would otherwise be variable. This is the case with the astronomical unit (AE), which is defined as the distance between the earth and the sun.
Top 10: Pioneers of medicine
1. Hippocrates: End of superstition 460 - ca. 377 BC: Hippocrates was the first physician in the modern sense of the word. He distanced himself from superstitious methods of treatment and the idea that the gods should be consulted if someone became ill. Instead, he tried to heal patients based on his experience with how the body works.
Deceased: Paralyzed genius teased the world for 76 years
He could only move his eyes and one muscle in his cheek. But in his head he roamed the universe, dived into black holes and traveled back to the big bang. Now Stephen Hawking is no longer there. On Wednesday morning the famous mathematician and physicist died at home in the English town of Cambridge.
New study determines the age of 0
Since 1902, an old manuscript has been in the library of the University of Oxford. It consists of 70 birch bark pages. But that was not what the researchers noticed most when the manuscript was found in 1881 in the village of Bakhshali, now in Pakistan. Much more interesting were the hundreds of zeros on the yellowed bark.
Three crazy experiments on people
1. Disabled people got virus infection Doctors injected disabled children with a dangerous virus. Photo: LIFE Coll./Getty Images At Willowbrook State School, an institution for disabled children in the US state of New York, about 60 children were deliberately infected with hepatitis A.
Who invented our time schedule?
Thousands of years have been planed for our time structure. Around 4,000 years ago, the Babylonians in present-day Iraq introduced a calendar that was divided into years, months, and weeks based on the movements of the great celestial bodies. A year was the time when the earth revolved around the sun once, and a month was the time it took the moon to revolve around the earth.
Anatoli was shot in the head by a particle accelerator
When Anatoli Boegorski now looks in the mirror, he sees two different people. One side of his face bears the signs of the 75 years he has lived, but the other side is frozen in time and does not seem to have aged a day since July 13, 1978. On this fateful summer day in 1978, the Russian scientist was the victim of a unique accident in world history.
Quantum computers juggle physics
Cryostat: Device cools the brain of the computer. At the bottom of a special cooling device, a cryostat, is the brain of the computer, the quantum chip. With each deeper floor of the device, the temperature also drops. This allows the metal current to conduct without resistance. Graham Carlow / IBM Research Protection: Hoods and liquid helium approach absolute zero.
What makes the oceans salty?
Reduced smell can be an early sign of Alzheimer's
Historical construction errors are now sights
The five most dangerous substances
Double sun dances in the evening sky
Such a
Chain reaction keeps the sun going
Learn about temperature
NASA: To Mars in three days
Three stubborn ideas about meat - what's true?
7 ideas about the human brain
NASA finds missing spacecraft around the moonCrease suit broke through sound barrierEye drops must cure jet lagMarsrover looking for life
BodyAnimalsBrainSpace travelManDiseasesStarsSolar systemEarthTechnicHealthClimate changeNatureMedical technologyCancerFoodUniverseMedicinePhysical phenomenaIntelligencePeriodic tablePhysicsMedicinesSexMars
Giant rocket can send people to Mars in 7 years
Atomic bomb focuses on cancer
Copyrights © 2020 Black And White Science


text:
Q: Help on MySQL joins I'm building a system to monitor currency prices. Part of my database structure looks like this:

My system is trying to pull the api ticker for each exchange with this query:
SELECT distinct E.exchange_id, E.exchange_name, P.pair_id, P.pair_name,T.pair_ticker
FROM exchange as E
left Join exchange_has_currency_pairs as PE on E.exchange_id = PE.exchange_exchange_id
left Join currency_pairs as P on PE.currency_pairs_pair_id = P.pair_id
left join currency_pairs_ticker as T on P.pair_id = T.currency_ticker_id
order by E.exchange_name desc

The query is returning all the results, but the pair_ticker isn't matching the pair name or corresponding exchange in all the cases. Should there be another n:m on currency_pairs to currency_pairs_ticker or are my joins not correct?
Thanks for any input.
EDIT
Sample out put from bellow answer
+-------------+---------------+---------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| exchange_id | exchange_name | pair_id | pair_name | pair_ticker                                                                |
+-------------+---------------+---------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|           4 | bitstamp      |       1 | btc_usd   | https://btc-e.com/api/2/btc_usd/ticker                                 |
|           4 | bitstamp      |       1 | btc_usd   | https://coinbase.com/api/v1/prices/spot_rate?currency=USD              |
|           4 | bitstamp      |       1 | btc_usd   | https://www.bitstamp.net/api/ticker/                                   |
|           4 | bitstamp      |       1 | btc_usd   | http://pubapi.cryptsy.com/api.php?method=singlemarketdata&marketid=2   |
|           1 | btc-e         |       1 | btc_usd   | https://btc-e.com/api/2/btc_usd/ticker                                 |
|           1 | btc-e         |       1 | btc_usd   | https://coinbase.com/api/v1/prices/spot_rate?currency=USD              |
|           1 | btc-e         |       1 | btc_usd   | https://www.bitstamp.net/api/ticker/                                   |

A: It looks like your currency_pairs_ticker is joining the wrong fields.
your existing join:
left join currency_pairs_ticker as T on P.pair_id = T.currency_ticker_id

corrected join:
left join currency_pairs_ticker as T on P.pair_id = T.currency_pairs_pair_id

The complete sql
SELECT distinct E.exchange_id, E.exchange_name, P.pair_id,    P.pair_name,T.pair_ticker
FROM exchange as E
left Join exchange_has_currency_pairs as PE on E.exchange_id = PE.exchange_exchange_id
left Join currency_pairs as P on PE.currency_pairs_pair_id = P.pair_id
left join currency_pairs_ticker as T on P.pair_id = T.currency_pairs_pair_id
order by E.exchange_name desc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Selecting text nodes with jQuery code half way there ok guys I have this code
var text = $('.css .cont_code code');
 text.contents().text(function() {
   $(this).each(function() {
   var cssC = "background , background-color , width , height , float , margin , margin-left , margin-right , margin-top , margin-bottom , contents , border , !important"
  if (text === "cssC")
 {
  $(this).wrap('');
  }
})
})

Its grabbing all the text node lines, just not the text I am providing in the var cssC = code any help would be greatly appreciated never grabbed textNodes with jQuery and know very little on how to write actual javascript like getElementById i'm not fluent at that nor jQuery really to be honest.
Basically what I am trying to do is grab the certain text fields I place in the var cssC then if it is found to wrap that in a span with span class="stylesC" /> The out come should look like this
http://jsfiddle.net/yzpCE/

A: http://jsfiddle.net/YxjnR/1/
You don't have to do much jQuery work here, but I would split the words in cssC and then just do a replace on the html string when you find those words with the same string wrapped in a span.
html.replace(new RegExp(this, 'g'), '' + this + '');


text:
Key eCommerce Takeaways from National Products Expo West
From liquid death water to sustainable supply chain logistics, this year's National Products Expo West was an opportunity for thousands of brands to showcase the best of their talent and innovations, bringing together over 2800 exhibitors, dozens of learning sessions, and more.
To learn more about industry challenges and opportunities for 2022, Pacvue recently hosted an online webinar with Account executive Kyle Costa and Jr. Account Executive Mike Marriot.
This included discussing the challenges and opportunities faced by the natural products industry in this last year, and what to expect for the coming year, along with emerging trends and the latest industry innovations. You can check out the key takeaways from the info-packed session in this blog.
Industry Threats and Challenges
The U.S. market spent roughly $285 billion in advertising in 2021, leading the global market by a huge margin. This means there is a huge opportunity but also tons of competitors in the market. The pandemic undoubtedly left a dent in the supply chain, and its recovery has been taking brands a lot of time and energy even in 2022.
The eCommerce industry overall, including the natural products industry, saw a spike in the costs of raw ingredients needed to deliver their finished products. With the added pressure to remain agile and constantly reinvent their strategy, brands now have to combat cost increments while maintaining their inventory.
Along with this, shipping costs have gone up significantly worldwide. With the rising costs of fuel, manual labor, and physical warehouses, brands have to find more efficient ways to allocate resources. Creating a resilient brand that's able to navigate these previously unexplored threats has become crucial.
Opportunities in the Natural Products Industry
Despite the challenges, we see more awareness-driven campaigns on marketplaces like Instacart and Walmart today. 25% of all grocery sales in the US can be credited to Walmart, with predictions saying it's going to continue outselling Amazon in this space.
Winning that digital shelf with advertising, according to Mike Marriot, is the best way for brands to build awareness and gain a first-mover advantage. On comparatively newer marketplaces like GoPuff and Instacart, there is much lesser competition for brands as compared to, say, Amazon.
For 2022, testing new features and optimizing advertising campaigns can be a great strategy to have a well-rounded digital presence and influence potential buyers. A good piece of advice here would be to find a way to correlate your store's statistics to their root causes, see where to double down and where to cut back.
Brand Awareness Trends for 2022
Pivoting from traditional advertising, brands are now finding more success with newer strategies such as influencer marketing and social media advertising. The increasingly younger demographic responds better to online video marketing tactics with the potential to go viral. The "shock and awe factor" on social media lends millions of eyeballs, eventually translating into more sales.
Experimentation is the name of the game in 2022, with both retailers and buyers always on the lookout for the next new big thing that steals everyone's attention. The spotlight has been on unique branding this year at the Expo, with more focus on high-quality products and ingredients that set a brand apart from the competition.
A great example of this is all the alternative meat options consumers have to choose from today. From sushi to beef jerky, the industry is witnessing a huge movement in sustainability. The emphasis could be seen on condensing more nutrition into regular foods while being climate smart.
Eye-Catching Industry Innovations
The newly unveiled Instacart Platform just goes to show how powerful tech can be to hand the power back to brands, with deeper insights, newer ad formats, and custom digital storefronts. With consumers becoming increasingly aware of food wastage and processed ingredients, brands that are creating and marketing healthier versions of popular food choices will see a rise in traction.
With rising competition in every niche, it's vital to find the brand's unique selling point (USP) before getting into brick-and-mortar stores. Without the right advertising and marketing logistics to back up trendy claims, buyers can feel confused or overwhelmed.
Investing heavily in building a brand image is less about immediate returns and more about long-term relationship creation with the consumers. So, the best bet for brands is to test out different online marketplaces and aim to increase their customer lifetime value.
The National Products Expo West was an opportunity for thousands of brands to get more eyes on their products, make introductions, and distribute samples in hopes of gaining some new customers in the long run.
Our webinar, "Top 10 Learnings from Expo West," is a great resource for more insights into the natural products industry, and you can check out the recording of the entire session here.
Test & Learn Amazon Advertising: 6 Use Cases to Try
Use cases based on real Pacvue users taking advantage of the Pacvue Test & Learn framework from our Strategic Consulting team.
Matt McGrory


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Poetry is slamming en Español
Sophomore Sol Mitnick slams the haiku he wrote.
Jackson Monge
Jackson Monge, Staff Writer
March 7, 2016|223 Views
Foreign languages open up new opportunities for the students like jobs and college, but one more "off the beaten path" option is the new one Spanish students will have: an all-Spanish poetry slam.
Several students who can "slam the best" will go on a field trip to Palo Alto to slam their poems against students from other schools.
Students either wrote their own original poem or recited a prewritten one. Carlmont students were judged by Carlmont staff like Spanish teacher Michael Vossen and English teacher Addison Lewellen. When the dust settled, only the top few students were selected to go on the field trip to The Girls' Middle School in Palo Alto on March 7.
"I think its a good chance for students to show off what they've learned," said sophomore Sol Mitnick. "You also get a chance to experiment with a new medium of Spanish. It may not give extra credit or improve grades, but it may turn out to be pretty fun for participants."
Some students agree that it seems like a fun event for a lot of people, and a new way to explore Spanish.
"I think it is a really cool idea, and an interesting way to look at Spanish literature. The only problem, is that more introverted people would find it hard to read a poem in front of other students and get judged on it. So really it is mainly a good event for more outgoing students," said sophomore Tanner Anderson.
Vossen is known by his students as"Don Miguel." He shared his thoughts on the poetry slam: "I was invited to bring some students to the event in Palo Alto. As a Spanish teacher, I mainly focus just on teaching how to speak or write to friends, and everyday people. The poetry slam is a fun new way for students to really get to explore Spanish."
After the Carlmont qualifiers, junior Deep Joshi, freshman Talia Fine, and freshman Sara Cheung were chosen as the finalists. They will represent Carlmont at the poetry slam.
"Poems really tell a lot about events at the time and show a lot of emotion, so students can also get exposed to some culture," said Vossen. "I hope many students participate, because I want to really see how far students have come over the course of the first semester."
slamming
Jackson Monge is a junior at Carlmont and a staff writer for Scot Scoop. His rap favorite rap artist is Politikz, and enjoys watching the latest Bo Jack Horseman.
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Like many other parts of the UK, eastern Perthshire has had quite a bit of snow this week, being driven in on strong easterly winds from Siberia. In between frequent blizzards, we've been fortunate to have some blue skies and sunshine. Scotland's gritter lorries have been kept busy clearing the major routes, leaving quieter roads, like Keay Street in Blairgowrie, white and powdery.
Snowy Keay Street, Blairgowrie, Perthshire.
It's coming into blackberry time in my part of the world, and this morning I went out to see what I could find. I got a decent boxful but many of the berries are not yet ripe. What we need is a warm sunny spell to sweeten them and make them nice and fat.
Blackberries growing near Blairgowrie, Perthshire, Scotland.


VoCare, Inc., an Indiana-based company, has developed the world's first professional grade medical diagnostic device which collects 6 different health vitals and is equipped with WiFi, Bluetooth, 4G LTE for data transmission, without the need for separate peripherals or an external hub. The Vitals360 device, comparable in size to an iPhone, is the first and only telehealth solution that can be used for both Point-of-Care and Remote Patient Monitoring. The VoCare platform leverages one connected device to empower management of multiple chronic conditions such as diabetes, congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and hypertension. The Vitals360 device provides the following vital measurements: (1) Blood Glucose, (2) Blood Pressure, (3) Pulse, (4) Oximetry, (5) Temperature, and (6) Electrocardiography (ECG).
The VoCare Vitals360 runs on Android OS powered by Qualcomm chipsets, allowing the device to be used with virtually any wireless carrier worldwide such as AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, Sprint, Rogers, and Vodafone. Moreover, the Vitals360 can be utilized with numerous backend solutions. Steven R. Peabody, CEO of VoCare states, "We are looking forward to helping providers reduce healthcare costs as well as ensuring better outcomes for their exploding chronically ill patient population."
GEMMS, of Harris Computer Systems http://www.harriscomputer.com/, a division of Constellation Software, Inc., recognizes that the Vitals360 will enable healthcare professionals to meet the requirements of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Transitional Care and Chronic Care management programs, as well as to be positioned for the use of electronic information and mobile technologies to support remote clinical healthcare and other healthcare delivery functions as proposed in the Chronic Care Act.
GEMMS will debut the Vitals360 solution at the Healthcare Information and Management Systems (HIMMS) conference in March 2018 http://www.himss.org/. Booth 5446 https://www.harrishealthcare.com/himss18/#page.
Rodger P. Pinto, Ph.D., Executive Vice President of GEMMS indicates, "The VoCare Vitals360 device along with GEMMS extensive experience in data management and interoperability will allow patient data to be captured easily from anywhere, at any time and sent in real time to providers."
Ben H. Park, MD, CEO of American Health Network states, "I am excited not only by the robust capability but even more so by how easy this product is to deploy. I can literally hand one to a patient in the office and that day they can be transmitting me the things I need to help manage common chronic conditions."
Todd Stallings, Vice President for Home Services Unlimited, an Indiana-based home healthcare company, states, "The VoCare solution's versatility as a point-of-care device or as a remote patient monitoring solution is a disrupting force in the home healthcare market."
VoCare is in the process of obtaining its CE mark and FDA 510k Clearance and is on track for U.S. sales in the coming months. Please visit the VoCare website at www.vocare.com.


Here is another of my finds even though it's been there (place du Canada) since... 2003 and I must have passed it dozens of times! This statue shows father Komitas, an Armenian priest and music composer (among many other things) who lost his mind after what is referred to as the "Armenian genocide" in 1915. I don't want to enter a big discussion about this terrible event (you can read all about it here) for it's highly controversial in France (we have a pretty large Armenian population in France). I've just been amazed by the beauty of this statue, made by David Yérévantsi,and by the fall colors that are already showing on the trees!. I simply wanted to show it to you.
It became even more stunning when I enlarged the photo!
The statue is very striking. It's fitting that the trees in the background are beginning to show fall colors.
Yes, do enlarge it. It's a terrific work to commemorate an awful time in history.
I too love this photo and the encounter with this character but I'll have to come back for a deeper insight.... Anyway I've already caught the substantial extract. time to work...!
Sorry Eric..respond to yesterdays picture..
you're right, there's an elegant simplicity to the lines of this monument. thank you for sharing it with us.
Love the symmetry here Eric.
@Dermo "The influence of the North American Continent has apparently stretched out its long arms"
Yes, I confess! I never know what word to use to be honest - and often I don't even know what's typically American and Typically British! I would have the same problem with French Canadian and French French! In fact I try to stick to what's grammatically correct, but my English is not good enough to go beyond that stage!
@Greg. " I don't think Eric has ever been lazy on the PDP side." Thanks you! Actually writing in English is not always easy for me - as you can see from my typos (that can also be real mistakes!) from time to time. Like I said to Dermo I try to stick to what's grammatically correct, but I know my English is not good enough to write a book for instance (I mean a real book, with words, not a photo book with captions). And I'm not saying this to fish for compliments, just because I know that there is a huge difference between speaking and writing a language.
Goodness. A photo of an emotional monument and a pretty park and we're arguing 'proper' English style? Somebody needs a hobby! I only wish I could write in French.
Hear here, Jeff. Or "ecouter ici."
Eric, reading aloud my posting, I can understand how some 'sensitive' individual might misinterpret it as a 'critique' of your english writing skills. I can assure you that my intentions were far from that! I am humbled at the fluency of your own postings and remain envious of anyone that can converse with such ease in a non-native language! When I come across the odd 'typo' on your page, rather than criticize these linguistic curiosities, I am amazed at how otherwise perfect your postings are! I was merely picking up on your use of the word 'fall' for 'autumn' which in most non-american english speaking countries would be seen as a deliberate placement of an 'americanism' - for artistic effect - and merely wondered at your motives.


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JDWilliams
James David Williams founded the company in 1875. They are also the first company who make use of the UK's parcel post service in 1882, to send their products directly to their customers. Thanks to that kind of customer service, the company enjoyed significant growth...
Ekster is the world's largest smart wallet brand which believes that an item that they frequently use needs to be efficient, style, slim, secure, innovative, and adjusted to our needs having the company's philosophy which is "Time-saving designs for smarter living."...
Lucky Brand Jeans is an American owned denim company that is currently based in California. The company was founded by Gene Montesano and Barry Perlman in 1990 that also offers other types of apparel such as activewear, outerwear, T-shirts, and professional attire....
Touch of Modern
Touch of Modern is one of the leading eCommerce apps for men offering cutting edge products. Also, it was recognized by INC. as one of the 500 fastest-growing private companies in America. The company started in 2012, the app now has more than 14 million people who...
Boohoo has started in 2006 and founded by Mahmud Kamani and Carol Kane as a global brand for girls that offers the latest fashion trend at a reasonable price. Since then, the company has over 4 million fans and still growing. It is a UK-based online fashion retailer...
New York & Company or NY&C is an American manufacturer and retailer of wear-to-work fashion apparel and accessories for modern women. It was founded in 1918 with a flagship store located in New York City. The Company was incorporated in 1918 and has been public since...
Zulily is an online megastore, based in Seattle, that offers remarkable deals on wide-ranging items, from clothing to toys, books and home products. The core value of the brand is a devotion to mothers and their children. The founders came up with a catchy brand name...
Macy's is an iconic brand was founded by Rowland Hussey Macy in 1858 in New York City as a dry goods store. He adopted a red star as their logo to signify success, and which can be traced to his days as a sailor. Macy's is well-known for its Macy's Thanksgiving Parade...
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Quay Australia is a famous fashion brand that primarily offering sunglasses, sunglasses, accessories, and bags. Linda and Allen Hammond, together with their son Zak, founded the company last 2004 in Melbourne Australia, intending to offer a vast range of affordable...
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Many enthusiasts played, and adored, nearly every Ultimate Play The Game title on their ZX Spectrum; nobody, without a POKE cheat, ever managed to complete a single Sabreman adventure. So, at the time, few gamers saw the final screens of Underwurlde, Knight Lore or Pentagram, all of which referring to the mysterious Mire Mare. The consequence was that the new Sabreman game completely escaped to the most.
Underwurlde, the second game in the Sabreman series (between Sabre Wulf and Knight Lore), has three separate exits, each naming another game in the series. The first exit names Knight Lore, which was released at the same time as Underwurlde. The second names Pentagram, which surfaced in 1986. The third exit names Mire Mare, which was expected, but never published.
The Mire Mare story is largely connected to the partial sale of Ultimate to US Gold.
The most widely believed story is that Mire Mare was actually coded before Gunfright (Ultimate's last title before US Gold's partial takeover). With a view to the popularity of the Sabreman character, it was decided to hold Mire Mare back as Ultimate's swan song.
However, the partial takeover moved a lot quicker than anticipated, and although Ultimate had prior to this released Gunfright, they had not yet released Mire Mare. US Gold seemingly were not interested in releasing new Ultimate material. Instead they were more interested in releasing the Ultimate back catalogue on the £2.99 Kixx label. Naturally, Ultimate were not too pleased about this, and when US Gold asked Ultimate about Mire Mare (and mentioned the fact they would like to release it alongside the Ultimate back catalogue) they were subsequently told that it was not ready, and would not be completed before months, at which point US Gold decided to cancel the project.
It had been widely speculated that Mire Mare was to be presented in Ultimate's Filmation isometric graphic style, either with static screens (as used in Knight Lore, Alien 8 and Pentagram), or scrolling (as in Nightshade and Gunfright) but Rare (the company that rose from Ultimate's ashes) revealed in the late 90's that it would actually have been more like the top-down Sabre Wulf.
Rare also explained that although the basic game design was completed Ultimate's hectic schedule meant that the title's actual coding was never completed.
An interview published on the Ultimate Wurlde website states clearly that the game was completed, and that even the artwork was prepared. According to that document, the Ashby Computer & Graphics ex-employee claims to have played it.
Over the past few months on the site, I've alluded to an ongoing conversation with someone who used to work for Ultimate, and I promised to reveal some of the secrets that this source had disclosed to me.
However, you can't just blunder into this kind of thing! Firstly, you have to build up a degree of trust; I need to assure my source that I'm not going to blurt out something given in good faith (and in confidence), and I need to feel happy that I'm not being hoaxed by some prankster!
The cover art released by Tim Stamper alludes to a swamp setting artwork, showing a fiery pit and a phoenix in the flames, suggesting an arid, volcanic scenery.
But further interesting clues can be found in Tim Stamper's Land of Ultimatum map, which came with the Collected Works release.
Maybe these were to feature in Mire Mare?
In 2006, Andrew Rollings published The ZX Spectrum Book – 1982 to 199x, dedicating a page to Mire Mare.
Trevor Attwood is a programmer who worked at Rare between 1995 and 2009 and was involved with the Donkey Kong Country series and other handheld titles.
Tim's answer was that some of the design had been completed on paper and the cover artwork had been done, but nothing else. So, according to Tim's declaration, no software existed. If the Stampers did indeed hide the existence of Mire Mare from US Gold, it's improbable that they'd continue the pretence after so many years, particularly in coversation with their own employees.
Trevor was lead programmer on the 2004 Game Boy Advance title Sabre Wulf, and revealed that at one stage the game was going to be called… Mire Mare!
Initially, Tim and Chris thought it was a good idea, but it was later rejected because the name wouldn't have any weight outside of Britain. Also, the new Sabre Wulf was intended to be a reboot of the franchise worldwide. Unfortunately, the game wasn't the big seller they hoped for.
Now, a play with Sabre Wulf GBA is absolutely a must; although the Nintendo's Game Boy is totally different from the ZX Spectrum gaming experience.
In order to close the Sabreman legacy, instead of just sitting by and waiting, some ZX Spectrum developers decided to take matters into their own hands by gifting retro gamers an unofficial homebrew video game tribute to the missing link.
As author Luca Bordoni always highlighted, Land of Mire Mare is nothing else than a modest tribute to the mystical Mire Mare by Ultimate Play The Game, the unreleased last chapter of the Sabreman's saga. A brave initiative entirely programmed with the Arcade Game Designer tool.
Luca wanted to stand back from the typical AGD gameplay, that is classic platforms and patrolling enemies. To achieve an Ultimate-style feeling, beyond the graphics, it was necessary to let the enemies spawn from an empty random point of the room (just like it happens in Atic Atac and Sabre Wulf). That was the hardest task, because initially the spawning point collided with the background scenery. The solution was found and, since then, AGD officially included code suggestions for random-spawning enemies in its documentation.
The inspiration for the game was originally seeded by Jarrod Bentley's graphic mockups previously released for a Retro Gamer investigation about Mire Mare.
Despite some strict reviews around the web, Land of Mire Mare was reviewed by the Retro Gamer magazine in March 2014, issue 127, scoring 85%.
Important note: Land of Mire Mare was NOT made for profit purposes, as speculated in some comments around the web. As a matter of fact, it has always been available for free at the official AGD Forum. However, a limited edition of the game has been published on physical cassettes as rewards for The Story of the ZX Spectrum in Pixels book by Chris Wilkins. Consequently, some rightful owners posted eBay auctions to sell their copy, but neither the author, nor the contributors, haven't ever gained a single coin from this homebrew work.