Forever drawn to tales of serendipitous beginnings, we're inspired by how Candice and Jason's fates became inextricably intertwined; where their love story unfolded quite unexpectedly (although completely romantically) within a Bondi Beach share house.
After an intimate proposal shared in New Zealand's Southern Alps, the pair travelled to Tuscany to marry amongst the ivy-covered walls and olive groves of La Pescaia. Complementing the estate's rustic surrounds, the couple exchanged vows before wooden doors dressed in arched arrangements of greenery and native blooms.
A garden reception followed where dinner was served at a dramatic single-length table stretching out beneath leafy branches. Mirroring the trees and lanterns above, a textured runner of olive and blue gum foliage decorated the tablescape, creating a stunning symbiosis dotted with candlelight and modern glassware.
I was in one of those stressful life situations where I needed a place to live ASAP, so I took a leap of faith and said yes to moving into a Bondi Beach share house. At this point, I had only met one of the new housemates so we arranged for me to meet the others one evening after work. I remember the exact moment that my 'new housemate, Jason' introduced himself. He smiled at me and I just melted. I'd never felt anything like it before; it was all the clichés in a single moment. When I moved in I tried my best to avoid him because everyone knows you shouldn't fall for housemates. But Jason being the ultimate English gentleman, didn't make that easy for me. He helped move in my furniture, brought home wine to share, wrapped me in jumper when I was cold, and cooked dinner for me (on a night when the housemates were "conveniently" busy). We lasted two long weeks of being just housemates and have spent the rest of our days tremendously in love.
Unfortunately, Jason had an emergency appendix removal a few days before a planned New Zealand mountain climbing trip in November 2017. We decided not to cancel the trip and instead switch to a more relaxing itinerary. After a fabulous day driving around New Zealand's Canterbury region, Jason popped in the GPS directions to our final destination; an isolated mountain hut at 3000 ft. in the Southern Alps. It required 30 minutes of almost vertical 4WDing to reach it but the view was worth every effort. Jason asked if I would like to take photos at sunset on the deck of the hut. It was freezing outside so I was happy next to the fireplace with my charcuterie board but Jason was insistent that I come outside. I got dressed in every layer of clothing I had brought with me and unknowingly walked outside to one of the best moments of my life. It was there that Jason got down on one knee (very carefully to not bust his stitches). I still remember his hand shaking reaching into his pocket. Straight away, we both started crying, so much so, that Jason forgot his planned speech and I forgot to say yes. It was so beautiful and so overwhelming.
We feel so incredibly lucky that our paths led us to find each other. Marriage for us is recognition of how lucky we are to continue on a path we've created together.
Jason's family live in England, my family in Australia and our friends are all over the world. No matter where we had the wedding, our guests would be travelling so we enquired with nearly 100 venues everywhere in between and found our dream venue in La Pescaia. We wanted a venue that felt like a home; one that could accommodate our guests so that everyone could spend quality time together. La Pescaia was just that, a 15th-century olive grove estate in the Maremma region of Tuscany. The estate is run by two beautiful Italian sisters, Margherita and Beatrice, together with their charismatic husbands. We had never seen it in real life and when we arrived, the happy tears streaming down my face. It was so much more spectacular than the photos we had seen. I don't think any photo could ever quite capture the remarkable scale and the feeling of being there.
The style of our wedding was inspired by the rustic yet refined beauty that Tuscany executes so perfectly. We wanted to keep the style natural and allow the venue to speak for itself. We utilised as many areas of the property as possible so our guests could experience a beautiful corner of La Pescaia at each section of the day. It was less so an orchestrated theme, but more a feeling of enchanted romance.
We found our photographers, Sue and Erwin from Suegraphy via Instagram. Their portfolio is airy, fun and filled with emotion. We arranged a Skype call to see if we were a good match. One hour later, we felt like old friends so it was a resounding 'yes!'. Sue and Erwin arrived in Tuscany in advance to scope shoot locations, so we invited them to join us and our guests at a winery tour the day before. They fit in so seamlessly that everyone believed them to be friends from the Netherlands (until they pulled out their giant cameras). We honestly could not have asked for a better photography team. Sue and Erwin have this wonderful energy that makes everyone feel at ease, allowing them to get the most beautiful candid moments. We adore them and our photos.
I tried on dresses at ateliers but nothing felt quite 'me'. I wanted an ankle length wrap style dress with bishop sleeves. My best friend suggested that I talk to Dinah Mitchell at Pearl Button Bridal who had made her wedding dress. Pearl Button Bridal is located outside of Milton, 3 hours south of Sydney. I happened to be visiting my family nearby that weekend so I asked Dinah if we could meet. Dinah is a brilliant creative mind and we clicked instantly. She understood and translated the vision for my bespoke dress and veil into reality. On top of that, Dinah's fabrics are ethically sourced and her dresses sustainably made using hand sewing construction techniques. Dinah has plans to release the dress in a made-to-order collection.
I wore a pair of simple gold scalloped edge stilettos from Rachel Zoe. I switched into a pair of bespoke wedding espadrilles with cream silk ribbon ties for the reception.
My bridesmaids also wore cream floral wrap-style dresses from Reformation. I am so lucky that my bridesmaids are all close friends with similar style, so finding a dress that everyone loved and could wear again turned out to be the simplest part of the wedding organisation.
I wear the Spanish brand, Castañer's espadrilles every day and have them in multiple colourways, so my bridesmaids wore Castañer cream espadrilles.
We had our bespoke wedding bands made by KHIM from New York who we found through Etsy. Jason designed my engagement ring. He worked with Pallion and their sister company Oscar Winter in the US to source the diamond and create the ring.
My bespoke bridal tiara was made by Anna Marguerite in New Zealand.
We worked with The Bespoke Corner Tailors based in Paddington to create Jason's suit. The three-piece olive green double-breasted suit was made in Tuscany. For our wedding day, Jason decided to pair the suit jacket with white chinos also made by The Bespoke Corner for a lighter Italian summer look. Jason wore Italian woven leather loafers from Aquila and a gold Xeric halograph watch.
My bridesmaids helped me style natural waves.
I rarely wear makeup, so I wanted a soft and natural look. Leading up to the wedding, I had tutorials with my favourite makeup artist at Mecca Cosmetica who helped create an 'elevated version of me'.
For our stationary, I found Maggie's Needle from England on Etsy. Maggie drew a custom illustration of the wedding venue for our invitations. For the rest, we used Appycouple.
We wanted floral arrangements to feel organic and complimentary to the surroundings. MIIA Events and Flowers used Italian and Australian natives for the arrangements of greenery and warm Tuscan colours.
On the morning of the wedding, Jason and I had gifted each other pieces to wear on the day. Jason gave me a fine gold bracelet and necklace with a green peridot pendant as a connection to his wedding suit. I gave Jason gold cufflinks engraved with the Donnelly family crest.
Our wedding venue came with a wedding planning service, MIIA Events based in Milan. As an over-organiser myself, it was a little difficult for me to relinquish control, but Carolina and Silvia of MIIA Events have a beautiful portfolio, and a very similar style so we knew we were in good hands.
They were invaluable on the day. For an hour before the ceremony, it absolutely poured but they handled everything seamlessly, postponed the schedule 10 minutes and put me at ease while we waited for the glorious sunshine that appeared moments before the ceremony.
We had dreamt of an intimate garden ceremony and so the small courtyard in front of the old church doors, named 'The Little Garden' was the perfect setting. We wanted an arch of greenery and wildflowers to frame the door and look like an extension of the ivy-covered walls of La Pescaia.
There is a special section of La Pescaia where old oak trees have curved to create a magical canopy of intertwined branches. We wanted to emphasise that magical feeling and had the long dinner table set underneath those trees with hundreds of candles hanging from the branches to appear as if they were floating. Candles also lined the centre of the table on either side of the olive and blue gum table runner. Each plate setting was adorned with mini apples. Our bride and groom chairs were decorated with greenery and wildflowers to join the two.
After dinner, we moved into the main villa garden where a giant canopy of fairy lights had been illuminated to create a stunning starred sky over the dancefloor.
We decided to forgo the traditional cake for a gelato cart.
Perhaps the best part about marrying in Tuscany is that it is the birthplace of the slow food movement. We worked with Guidi Lenci catering to create our dream feast. Following the ceremony, guests were served drinks and canapes under the ancient cedar tree in the main garden. At sunset, guests moved to dinner at the long table where the evening began with local wines and two traditional dishes of the Maremma region. By the pool area in front of our guests, Guidi Lenci's chefs prepared mouth-watering main dishes over an open fire in traditional Tuscan style.
We had a DJ, but we created our own playlists for different sections of the day. Music was one of the first things Jason and I bonded over. We both have quite eclectic music tastes and it was incredibly strange that even though we had grown up on different sides of the world, we had listened to and loved so many of the same songs (even the most obscure) during the same periods of our lives. So, we spent quite a bit of time making each playlist together and dancing around our living room.
We flew to Sicily for our honeymoon. We stayed at many of the places that we had considered as wedding venues. One of our most treasured memories was our time spent on a remote island off the north coast of Sicily. From the port, it took a 3.5-hour boat trip and a one hour hike to the villa at the peak. There are no cars (only a local mule), no hotels and no shops. It was just us and the phenomenal views from the villa's rooftop lounge. On our last night, the sky had turned into a symphony of colour. Our ceremony song came on shuffle and so we slow danced with the most romantic backdrop of all time.
Our celebrant was the housemate and dear friend that interviewed me for the room at the Bondi Beach share house. He is a wonderful writer and he crafted the most perfectly heartfelt and humorous ceremony script for us.
We poured our hearts into our own vows and it was very emotional, with Jason needing a second tissue to get through them.
I must confess that I love reading The Lane Real Weddings. I think it is amazing how couples express their personalities through their special day.
When it comes to using resources for finding contacts, I exhausted Instagram geo-tagged locations, Google Maps and Google Earth, Airbnb, local photographer's websites – anything that was publicly available. I work as a cancer care researcher so I definitely adopted my detailed working style to the wedding research.
Candice: I was so nervous waiting to walk down the aisle, but as soon as I saw Jason's face at the end and how emotional he was, every anxiety just floated away. I just wanted to hug him and wipe his many tears away.
Jason: Apart from the overwhelming happiness of getting to marry my best friend, I was able to step back and take a moment later in the evening. I looked around and saw all of our closest family and friends from all across the world laughing, joking and dancing together as if they had always known each other.
Don't get caught up in comparing your wedding to others. Make your day individual to you as a couple and there can't be a better day than that.
An elegant summer wedding unfolding in Tuscany's picturesque countryside.


The wave of terror in Paris left the Jewish community in France reeling and mourning, as they struggle to digest the new reality. * Leaders and rabbanim, led by the Rebbe's shluchim, were the first to stand by the side of the bereaved families and all of French Jewry, providing spiritual and material support. * Exclusive: Stories of those who experienced astonishing miracles.
His appointed role as the Rebbe's eyes and ears in Yerushalayim and the regular reports he sent covering every detail of what was going on among Chabad Chassidim in the holy city was a closely guarded secret for many decades. * His recollections in an exclusive interview with Beis Moshiach along with information culled from a number of archives following his passing, offer us a brief fascinating glimpse into the life of the mashpia, R' Pinchos Leibush Hertzl a"h.
This week we read Parshas Bo, which describes the birth of the Jewish People as a nation on the eve of the Exodus from Egypt in the merit of the blood from the two mitzvos they were given, Korban Pesach and bris mila. To this day, bris mila is a mitzva that is still observed by many Jews, even those who are not yet fully observant in other areas. Beis Moshiach spoke to three Lubavitcher mohalim about their work and how it impacts the parents and extended families.
Why was a psychology student moved to tears after a class at the Chabad House about honoring one's parents? What was behind the gift that was delayed for a month in the office of the Rebbe MH"M's shliach at Arizona State University? And what did an on-line registration form with the Machon Alte Institute in Tzfas have to do with all this? An emotional story from the annual college students' Shabbaton at Beis Chayeinu - 770.


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www.madnessontv.com
Hello, good evening and welcome…
There was much to be excited about, growing up as a kid in the late seventies and early eighties; Subbuteo, Chopper Bikes, Dracula ice pops, Grange Hill…but especially music. There was such a diverse mix of music to be heard in the charts – with an accompanying variety of styles to be seen on the streets. When I wasn't kicking a football out on the road, I spent much of my time listening to the family AM radio and recording songs with static interference on my trusty tape recorder.
We had only a handful of television stations and you'd have to scour the newspapers or TV guides to see which programmes may offer up some music. Thursday evenings meant Top of the Pops and it would mean so much to see the band you followed climbing up the charts. Fortunately for me, 'my band' had an uncanny ability to notch up hit after hit.
From 1979 to 1986, Madness spent a whopping 241 weeks in the UK singles charts as they became the first band ever to see their first 20 singles reach the UK Top 20. They were of course famed for their brilliantly executed videos which were smart, original and funny but their television appearances were often just as enjoyable to watch, they were just not as often seen. So, what started out as a few scribbles on a piece of paper one evening morphed into this project, documenting all of their TV appearances worldwide between 1979 and 1986.
And here's the list. I'm not claiming it's complete however hopefully it's not far off. The dates provided are either when the appearances were filmed or broadcast, sometimes shows were broadcast live of course. There are gaps to fill in and I'll try do updates from time to time, any extra information would of course be much appreciated!
I've included details of some official VHS releases as clips from these would've been shown on TV programmes. I have however left out programmes where only promo videos were shown. There were some performances recorded but never broadcast so I haven't gone there either. Performances were generally mimed unless I've stated otherwise. I'm afraid I can't provide copies of appearances (I haven't seen many of them myself), for sale or otherwise. This is simply a list which may be of interest to some of you out there. I will however post links to appearances which I can find online and upload some others when I can too. Be sure to check out the 'Credits' page, you may find some interesting links there.
Mr. Wheeze
http://www.2toneontv.com
Latest update: 18/11/19 – See 19/03/82 Shut Up (Attenti a Noi Due)
23 thoughts on "Hello, good evening and welcome…"
STu Adam says:
Superb!! 😎👌🏻
madnessontv says:
Many thanks Stu!
This looks quality!
Cheers Jamie!
Stav says:
Fantastic site. Feel free to use any of the videos I have on my YouTube page. I have messaged you the link.
Cheers Stav and got your message, many thanks for that
Baggy Trousers says:
Takes me back, brilliant.
Rich North says:
A great new website ,brings back some great memories
FunBoy1 says:
I like to stay in
And watch Madness on TV on my own
Every now and then.
Haha, sounds familiar for some reason
nuttyboydec1967 says:
Fantastic research done here, Many thanks, Your at tension to detail is spot on 🙂
Jon young says:
Great 1982 update, will give the site a second plug in MIS this weekend.
A couple i didnt know about in there. I can add there is a 1982 appearance on " Data Run " that must be about June 1982 ish as it uses house of fun, as a backdrop sound as the band dress up and perform magic tricks in escapade joke shop. I can show you it on youtube if you want a screen grab picture.
That'd be great, many thanks for that Jon…a lot of people have only found the site thanks to MIS. No, I haven't seen that Data Run clip so if you do have a link, please send it on. There was a short Data Run clip on youtube at one point but it was from a shoe shop with 'Los Palmas 7' playing in the background. And three of the band also appeared on Data Run around Christmas 1983 but no definitely 'House of Fun' played on that one either.
Your welcome, any time you want a plug about updates in MIS just let us know.
Data run – house of fun. We screened at house of fun weekend. 2012 its in this fan film we made called happy returns.
You will find the clip around the 22 minute mark.
No sorry, 30 minutes and a few seconds in.
That is great, never seen it before. Many thanks for that Jon, much appreciated. I'll add that appearance to the website over the weekend
Just checked it out and it seems to be from early 1983. Data Run only started with the launch of TV-AM in February 1983…and Chas' post HOF beard is a bit of a giveaway too. I'll put 1983 up on the site this weekend
Mister B says:
Many thanks Monsieur B!
lau coêlho says:
Really love your site!! Keep the good work!
Thanks Lau! My search for new additions continues….
Just came across this page researching the video for "Sweetest Girl" after watching the new "Chernobyl" series. As a kid, my mum always told me that the video was a reference to the disaster. But from what I'm gathering, the video was shot *just* before the disaster, so there can be no link.. only coincidence? Do you have any further info on shooting dates for the video that might settle the theory once and for all?
The video was recorded in January so no link there. I always thought a pumping station was a strange choice as a setting for that video but I guess at that stage they were running out of ideas
Copyright © 2017-19 www.madnessontv.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With a father in the ice business, Garnavillo native Brandon Adams is comfortable in the cold. But it was on a hot summer day that the enterprising young man had an idea that led to an award-winning invention.
Adams is the inventor and owner of Arctic Stick, a plastic device that holds any liquid and is designed to be frozen and placed into a beverage bottle. The stick immediately cools beverages that have been left out and need to be cooled. The device can also be used to add a shot of flavor to drinks in bottles or glasses.
At the time, Adams was a college student attending Iowa State University in Ames. As fate would have it, he took a class on entrepreneurship that included an assignment that would breathe life into Adams' idea. The assignment was a contest that required students to come up with a product and pitch it to their fellow students. The students would then vote on the best idea. It was Adams who won.
During the next two years Adams refined the product, built the brand and continued to build his entrepreneurial skills. In 2013, Adams had the final prototype made and a handful delivered for testing.
Today, Adams is embarking on the most nerve wracking portion of his journey to date: Raising funds to mass produce the Arctic Stick. He has turned to the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter.com to help him.
Kickstarter.com allows individuals to pledge funds to the Arctic Stick in return for a number of rewards including three-packs of the Arctic Stick, t-shirts and more. The funding campaign will run through August 1, 2014. Adams' goal is to raise $24,500.
Adams is a native of Garnavillo, Iowa and now splits his time between there and Des Moines. In addition to Arctic Stick, Adams owns the Adams Ice distributorship.


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John 3 :: Darby Translation (DBY)
The New Birth ©
Jhn 3:1
Jhn 3:1 - But there was a man from among the Pharisees, his name Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews;
Jhn 3:2 - he came to him by night, and said to him, Rabbi, we know that thou art come a teacher from God, for none can do these signs that thou doest unless God be with him.
Jhn 3:3 - Jesus answered and said to him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except any one be born anew he cannot see the kingdom of God.
Jhn 3:4 - Nicodemus says to him, How can a man be born being old? can he enter a second time into the womb of his mother and be born?
Jhn 3:5 - Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except any one be born of water and of Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.
Jhn 3:6 - That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
Jhn 3:7 - Do not wonder that I said to thee, It is needful that *ye* should be born anew.
Jhn 3:8 - The wind blows where it will, and thou hearest its voice, but knowest not whence it comes and where it goes: thus is every one that is born of the Spirit.
Jhn 3:9 - Nicodemus answered and said to him, How can these things be?
Jhn 3:10
Jhn 3:10 - Jesus answered and said to him, Thou art the teacher of Israel and knowest not these things!
Jhn 3:11 - Verily, verily, I say unto thee, We speak that which we know, and we bear witness of that which we have seen, and ye receive not our witness.
Jhn 3:12 - If I have said the earthly things to you, and ye believe not, how, if I say the heavenly things to you, will ye believe?
Jhn 3:13 - And no one has gone up into heaven, save he who came down out of heaven, the Son of man who is in heaven.
Jhn 3:14 - And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, thus must the Son of man be lifted up,
Jhn 3:15 - that every one who believes on him may not perish, but have life eternal.
Jhn 3:16 - For God so loved the world, that he gave his only-begotten Son, that whosoever believes on him may not perish, but have life eternal.
Jhn 3:17 - For God has not sent his Son into the world that he may judge the world, but that the world may be saved through him.
Jhn 3:18 - He that believes on him is not judged: but he that believes not has been already judged, because he has not believed on the name of the only-begotten Son of God.
Jhn 3:19 - And this is the judgment, that light is come into the world, and men have loved darkness rather than light; for their works were evil.
Jhn 3:20 - For every one that does evil hates the light, and does not come to the light that his works may not be shewn as they are;
Jhn 3:21 - but he that practises the truth comes to the light, that his works may be manifested that they have been wrought in God.
John's Last Testimony ©
Jhn 3:22 - After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of Judaea; and there he abode with them and baptised.
Jhn 3:23 - And John also was baptising in Aenon, near Salim, because there was a great deal of water there; and they came to him and were baptised:
Jhn 3:24 - for John was not yet cast into prison.
Jhn 3:25 - There was therefore a reasoning of the disciples of John with a Jew about purification.
Jhn 3:26 - And they came to John and said to him, Rabbi, he who was with thee beyond the Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, he baptises, and all come to him.
Jhn 3:27 - John answered and said, A man can receive nothing unless it be given him out of heaven.
Jhn 3:28 - Ye yourselves bear me witness that I said, I am not the Christ, but, that I am sent before him.
Jhn 3:29 - He that has the bride is the bridegroom; but the friend of the bridegroom, who stands and hears him, rejoices in heart because of the voice of the bridegroom: this my joy then is fulfilled.
Jhn 3:30 - He must increase, but I must decrease.
Jhn 3:31 - He who comes from above is above all. He who has his origin in the earth is of the earth, and speaks as of the earth. He who comes out of heaven is above all,
Jhn 3:32 - and what he has seen and has heard, this he testifies; and no one receives his testimony.
Jhn 3:33 - He that has received his testimony has set to his seal that God is true;
Jhn 3:34 - for he whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for God gives not the Spirit by measure.
Jhn 3:35 - The Father loves the Son, and has given all things to be in his hand.
Jhn 3:36 - He that believes on the Son has life eternal, and he that is not subject to the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abides upon him.
In 1867, John Nelson Darby translated the New Testament from Greek into English. Further revisions were done in 1872 and 1884. Darby's work was first published as The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation from the Original Languages by J. N. Darby. After Darby's death in 1882, some of his students worked together to produce the complete Darby Bible based on the Masoretic Hebrew text, Darby's German (Elberfelder), and the French (Pau) translations. In 1890, the first complete Darby Bible was published in English. This translation of the Bible is in the public domain.
Pericope taken from the NASB95 and has been graciously provided by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995
by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif.


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YNOT SPONSORS: FriendFinder • SegPay • JuicyAds Traffic • Cherry.tv • TES Conference • Payments • AVN Stars • Chaturbate
August 12, 2013 by Peter Berton
Uniting Exhibitionists and Voyeurs Online
By Peter Berton
WILLEMSTAD, Curacao – It's a wonderful thing when exhibitionists and voyeurs can come together online, regardless of time zones, international borders and sexual preferences. For more than 15 years, the people behind Cam4 have been providing a haven for explicit adult chat between women, men, T-girls and couples.
Currently, the site features more than 35,000 models in more than 80 countries who speak 45 languages. More than 200 million people visit the site each month.
According to Jas, director of marketing for the operation, Cam4.com encompasses one of the largest cam communities online. YNOT asked him to tell us more.
YNOT: What's the secret to Cam4's longevity?
Jas: We are a dedicated team of industry veterans with over 15 years' experience in the live-cam market. We work directly with cam models all over the world to build their online businesses.
With millions of voyeurs online every day, broadcasters have a huge audience and the potential to earn a huge profit. Cam4 provides cam models with a dynamic home base to take total control of their live webcam businesses.
We are a place for exhibitionists and voyeurs to come and have fun. We give our users the ability to broadcast their own cam show, as well as to watch cam shows and chat with other members or performers for free. Of course, we have gold memberships that also give them the ability to send private messages, pay for private shows and tip performers.
Why did you establish the site?
When we started Cam4.com, it was available free for everyone, anywhere to easily watch or perform on webcam.
There were few rules as to what people could do — just that it had to be legal and not abusive to others. People only had to create an account, confirm an email address and say they were of age to broadcast. Because Cam4.com was so easy, many viewers clicked the broadcast button and started performing for the first time.
Most of our new performers have never performed on cam before. Almost 80 percent say it's their first time performing on a cam site.
Many people perform for fun or to meet other people. This gives Cam4 a uniquely amateur feel, different from other cam products.
What kind of clients do you serve?
Cam4 has always included straight, gay and shemale cams on the main page. Over half of our members are gay, bi-sexual or bi-curious, so we've always been all-inclusive and diverse. All countries, all languages, all sexes, all sexual preferences are encouraged to participate together.
What are members mainly looking for?
They are looking for something different — and they find it, because Cam4.com is not a traditional webcam site. The site has more community aspects [than most other live-cam sites] and is more of a social network then a typical cam site. People make connections, they meet, they make friends and some get married. Building on these aspects encourages people to return and use Cam4 more often.
How big is the amateurs market?
Cam4 started by focusing on amateurs, and this continues to be our focus. Amateurs who are also exhibitionists get a head start on their webcam-modeling career by broadcasting on Cam4 and by performing exhilarating live shows in front of their webcam for thousands of fans. They become stars.
Based on what your membership numbers say, what niches are growing and which are shrinking?
All of our categories continue to have a steady growth. This is probably due to members getting more comfortable with virtual sex in the Web 2.0 era. As well, they enjoy the ability to connect with like-minded people.
Cam4 actively seeks new performers of all sexual orientations, sizes and ethnicities worldwide. Models set their own hours and limits and can make $50 to $200 per hour or more. In addition, the site awards $22,500 in prize money to performers each month.
For more information, visit Cam4Bucks.com.
Peter Berton
Peter Berton is an award-winning adult industry journalist whose work is featured on YNOT.com and has been published by other adult-industry publications.
Visit Website Peter Berton
April 13, 2017 by Marty O'Brien
'My Shop' Gives Cam Models a New Way to Earn
Award-winning live-cam company CAM4 has launched a new marketplace feature: My Shop. The online store lets performers sell their homemade videos for tokens, directly from […]
Jensen Named Event Marketing Mgr., Brand Ambassador
Live-cam platform Cam4 has added veteran adult performer Jelena Jensen to its marketing team. Jensen, who has been an active figure in the adult entertainment […]
February 25, 2016 by Newswire
CCBill to Discuss Online Payments at The European Summit 2016
BARCELONA – CCBill, a global payment services platform, is honored to announce its sponsorship and support of The European Summit 2016, Europe's leading B2B conference […]


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May 31, 2013 · Music Video · Released: May 2013
A promotional video for the Cork based pop and rock covers band Transmission. Comprised of five members, Danny O Sullivan, Ian Walsh, Dave Hynes, Owen Kelly and Naoise O Sullivan, they provide an original and energetic take on a wide variety of songs, from the sixties to the present day, encompassing multiple genres.
Directed by: Shane Twomey
Director of Photography: Shane Twomey
Assistant DOP / B-Cam: Ger Browne
Lighting and Transport: Donnacha O'Brien
Performed by: Transmission
Promotional Images during the course of the shoot for the promo video on 19th of May 2013.
Transmission Promo
The Lost Gecko – Rescued By Waves
Malcolm Urquhart of The Lost Gecko performs "Rescued by Waves"
Having achieved success following his release of his album "This Is Who I Am" and his video "Champion", The Assassin's path crosses with a girl who is down on her luck.


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Reverend Basil Tilson Shaen Carter1
M, #363621, b. 2 February 1858, d. 11 March 1896
Reverend Basil Tilson Shaen Carter was born on 2 February 1858.1 He was the son of Thomas Shaen Carter and Maria Susan Tilson.2 He married Mary Beatrice Eastwood, daughter of John Fisher Eastwood, in July 1892.1 He died on 11 March 1896 at age 38, without issue.1
He was the Vicar at Watlington, Oxfordshire, EnglandG.1
[S47] BIFR1976 page 216. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S47]
John Fisher Eastwood1
John Fisher Eastwood lived at Esher Lodge, Surrey, EnglandG.1 He held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.)1 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.)1
Child of John Fisher Eastwood
Mary Beatrice Eastwood2 b. c 1865, d. 30 Jan 1960
Mary Beatrice Eastwood1
F, #363623, b. circa 1865, d. 30 January 1960
Mary Beatrice Eastwood was born circa 1865.1 She was the daughter of John Fisher Eastwood.2 She married Reverend Basil Tilson Shaen Carter, son of Thomas Shaen Carter and Maria Susan Tilson, in July 1892.1 She died on 30 January 1960.1
She was Sister of Oxford Mission to Calcutta.1 From July 1892, her married name became Carter.
Gerald Tilson Shaen Carter1
M, #363624, b. 27 March 1861, d. 1896
Gerald Tilson Shaen Carter was born on 27 March 1861.1 He was the son of Thomas Shaen Carter and Maria Susan Tilson.2 He died in 1896, without issue.1
Lionel Tilson Shaen Carter1
Lionel Tilson Shaen Carter was born on 6 January 1864.1 He was the son of Thomas Shaen Carter and Maria Susan Tilson.2 He died on 13 October 1867 at age 3.1
Augusta Susanna Shaen Carter1
Augusta Susanna Shaen Carter is the daughter of Thomas Shaen Carter and Maria Susan Tilson.2 She married George Milward, son of George Milward and Sarah Grace, on 11 January 1866 at Westminster, London, England.1,3
From 11 January 1866, her married name became Milward.
George Milward1
M, #363627, b. 18 July 1843
George Milward was born on 18 July 1843 at Lechlade, Gloucestershire, England.2 He was the son of George Milward and Sarah Grace.2 He married Augusta Susanna Shaen Carter, daughter of Thomas Shaen Carter and Maria Susan Tilson, on 11 January 1866 at Westminster, London, England.1,2
He lived at Lechlade Manor, Gloucestershire, EnglandG.1 He held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.)1
Elizabeth Sophia Shaen Carter1
Elizabeth Sophia Shaen Carter is the daughter of Thomas Shaen Carter and Maria Susan Tilson.2 She married Hugh Buckley Hamersley, son of Hugh Hamersley, in 1879.1
From 1879, her married name became Hamersley.
Hugh Hamersley1
Hugh Hamersley lived at Pyrton Manor, Oxfordshire, EnglandG.1 He held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.)1 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.)1
Child of Hugh Hamersley
Hugh Buckley Hamersley2 d. 1 Jul 1935
Hugh Buckley Hamersley1
M, #363630, d. 1 July 1935
Hugh Buckley Hamersley was the son of Hugh Hamersley.2 He married Elizabeth Sophia Shaen Carter, daughter of Thomas Shaen Carter and Maria Susan Tilson, in 1879.1 He died on 1 July 1935.1


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Home > Podcast > 281 Winners and Losers
281 Winners and Losers
By David Crowther 4 months ago Oct 06, 2019 9 Comments
The population growth and inflation of the 16th century had different impacts depending on your situation. And the difference was land. Plus we talk about the regions and landscapes of England.
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British countryside – and English lowland, ancient and planned regions
Map from Rackham, O, 'History of the Countryside'
Cultural provinces of England and Wales
From C Phythian-Adams 'Societies, Cultures and Kinship 1580-1850
Now then, last time, we heard about population change in England, and with reference to the Dulwich sewage works, and something of the structure of English society. And I left you all with a question hanging uncomfortably in the air; how did population growth and price inflation affect the different groups? Was that uncomfortable?
I might have given the game away anyway when I mentioned that land was the big divider; no land? Good. Crucification then Line on the left, one cross each. With land – freedom and wealth. Let me tell you why landownership became so spectacularly important, even more so than normal. In the 15th century, you might remember that holding land had been not a great situation; because there were not many people knocking about on account of the largest pandemic in world history a century ago, so it was difficult to find enough people to work arable land. So there was a flight from arable to pasture, since it was much less labour intensive, and large landowners got out of the business of directly farming a demesne, and rented it out to tenants if they could. That was brilliant for the free peasant, because you could get a nice low rents, since there weren't enough people around ready to rent so there was no competition. But landowners did it anyway if they could, because renting insulated them from the vagaries of a difficult stagnant market, so the trade of profit for security was acceptable. And so, this very much encouraged the move from the world of serfdom, unfree peasants working the lord's land, to the world of self sufficient farmers holding their land for rent, freehold or copyhold. So, on a side note serfdom has pretty much disappeared by the time we get to 1550; there's a bit of it here and there, notably on the Duke of Norfolk's estates as it happens, but in the scheme of things, it is yesterday's news.
So that's where we'd come from; now in the early 16th century with a rising population, things looked different. In principle, if you owned land you were sitting very pretty, very pretty indeed. You could in principle charge much higher rents, both because there were more potential tenants around, and also because your tenants themselves were raking it in, getting much better income from rising prices. Plus, if you could afford it, there were all those lovely lovely church lands coming onto the market.
The sell-off of the excessive wealth of the church has been described as the greatest transfer of property in English history since the Norman conquest. The nobility snaffled up their share of the that in probably a slightly lower proportion than might be expected. Bear in mind that the church had owned a gargantuan third of the land of England pre reformation, though far from all of that was transferred by any stretch. But In Essex for example, the nobility's share of land rose by 5% age points, from 12 to 17%. It was the Gentry that really made it big, their share of land in Essex going from 52% to 70%. Urban authorities were also players, often quick to buy up land where they could, and recycle them into hospitals and schools; this is one reason for a wave of town incorporations after 1540, since it meant that towns could then own land in their own right.
The transfer meant that much more land was now devoted to lay and household priorities, and it was a massive boon to yeomen, and the better off husbandmen – to all of those who could afford either to buy their farms, or take on more land to rent. For a while in fact, Yeomen and Husbandmen acquired a double benefit. Many held land on copyhold rents, which were very much part of the customary tradition and difficult to change. I know you are all thinking did I really come to the History of England podcast to hear about copyhold leases, but look these things mattered to your small farmer much more than whether Mary Tudor had married a Spaniard or not. A copyhold lease was traditionally very often held for 3 lifetimes; very different to Scotland, for example, where the traditional lease was for a year. Sometimes copyhold leases were 99 years, but basically the word you are looking for is long. Critically, this meant that tenants were pretty well protected, and it was hard for landowners to raise rents quickly. They could try to realise some gains when land transferred from generation to generation, because when that happened the new generation often had to pay an entry fines, which were normally payable to take possession under copyhold agreements. But even these were also quite inflexible and difficult to increase. So for a while many husbandmen and Yeomen profited both from rising income from selling their goods at a higher price; and stationary rents which kept their costs low. Banzai was the cry around the hillsides.
For these farmers, from the substantial to smallholders, the economic circumstances and sale of church lands was transformative – and maybe it was transformative in a cultural sense too. In many places these groups either bought or rented more land. Now the reason for doing this may not always have been to make a whole load more money so that they could buy that rig or Ludo set they'd always wanted. The initial impetus may have simply been security; a way, finally, for the family to move beyond the crushing fear of bad harvests that could end in famine and death. Now they could have a bit more wriggle room, a bit of a buffer to ride out bad years. Also, land has many other less tangible benefits; it conferred social status, it was the best possible way of providing for your children after you were gone. These are not particularly capitalist reasons for acquiring land; but in practical terms, it meant that a large number of people were now freed from the previous model, of living on what they could produce with just family labour, subsistence plus a small surplus; now they could make themselves wealthy and insulated, to some extent, from the vagaries of the economy. In the appearance of capitalism, that must be significant point musn't it? I don't think we are going to cover it in this short series now, but as the 16th century progressed the results could be seen in what W G Hoskins called the Great Rebuilding of England, as yeomen extended and beautified their farmhouses. I am told that Anne Hathaway's Cottage is one of those; so if you go and visit Stratford, which we will do on the forthcoming History of England tour in September next year by the way, you can not only find out more about the life of the bloody bard, but also see the impact of the economic transformation of the 16th and 17th centuries. Which is a lot more interesting as far as I am concerned than whether Yorick was or was not poor.
So far then it has been a reasonably pleasant story, we have discussed the winners. For cottagers and wage labourers the experience was very different. More people meant more competition for work, and therefore the suppression of wages. Meanwhile increased population led to higher prices for grain; one study established that if population rose by more than 0.5% a year, prices began to rise, since supply could not be easily increased to meet increased demand. This is a killer stat – if population rose by more than 0.5% the economy was not flexible enough to adjust. This is a nasty combination for a wage labourer – increasing prices, increasing availability of labour – this mean real wages effectively fell. And when I say fell, I mean, a cliff face type stuff, not just doing a roly poly type falling. The 1540s and 1550s were particularly disastrous with the highest inflation rates. Employers eventually responded with higher wages to a degree, but nothing like what was required to meet price increases. The fall in real wages could be crushing; real wages of building craftsmen in the towns of southern England fell by close to 50 per cent by the 1550s. Think about that for a moment, 50%.
As I said have mentioned, the life of cottagers and labourers' families was anyway precarious before all this; though it is possible to over do the story. Many families were well above the subsistence level in 1500, and therefore were able to at least survive. In Hull, it's been calculated that a building craftsman needed to work 164 days to support a family, which was reasonably achievable; the equivalent figure for a labourer was 264 days, which is possible. These figures are of course about bare survival; so that is setting the bar of happiness horrendously low. And even then, it is clear that for many 'make shift and mend' would no longer hack it; that 264 day target would have been tough in the best of times. Now unemployment began to appear, and not just unemployment, but under employment. For the wage labourer as I've mentioned, work was rarely about having a steady job with a monthly pay packet and a foreign holiday; it was about a series of jobs with a glut of them during harvest time. So under employment is every bit as important as unemployment – work might still be found, but just not enough of it. Filling 264 days a year with work was now very tough indeed.
Now Historians have pointed out that it's too simple like Sybil, to divide the world into the rich and the poor. Historians don't like simple things, in complexity is truth. Such a simple division suggests groups of individuals or families that were born poor, and stayed poor all their lives. But it was rarely quite like that. The more common experience of poverty was often age related – 'life cycle poverty' is the phrase that gets used. Wage workers, whether male or female, or might be relatively well off when young, and manage to make ends meet when bringing up a family together as dinkies, but fall into poverty in old age and need support then from their communities. But in the mid and later 16th century this also began to change for more people; as inflation, population growth and unemployment all increased, more and more families were finding poverty to be a permanent or semi permanent condition, not age related anymore.
For many, unable to find employment in their home parish, they just had to leave home to try to find work. An example of an increasingly common experience might be found in the voice of the man hauled up before the Montgomeryshire magistrates for vagrancy in 1568. He was asked where he lived, and he reflected the pitiless reality of his life when he said that he 'dwells nowhere nor has no abiding but there as he may have work'. Others led an entirely marginal existence, like the woman taken in Cheshire in 1574, who confessed that 'she has used the art of begging from her cradle'.
Infamously, when they left home, they faced a wall of hostility, misunderstanding and incomprehension. The separation of the poor into deserving and undeserving was not new; it was a product of the 15th century in fact. Deserving were the old and infirm, the casualties often of life cycle poverty or disability; the world was used to these people, they were to be supported, and in their poverty they were close to God, and their support brought the wealthy closer to God also. The undeserving were the able bodied, and in the eyes of the medieval and Early modern world view, they were rule breakers and a canker that struck at the very roots of society. The premise was that if you have the faculty to work and were not doing so, then you were clearly simply shirking and a slacker. It is not that people were in some way intrinsically less charitable back then, although they were probably more accepting of poverty as part of the world order. It is because the medieval world was built in relatively closed societies where most people lived and died within their parish or region and were either looked after there, or found employment there. That safety was exploded into a million tiny shards by the population growth of the 16th century, and while our sympathies are naturally with the losers, to understand, it's necessary to feel sympathy for everyone – long held basic assumptions about the way the world worked were being shattered, in a way which was pretty terrifying for most.
If, in desperation, you did indeed take to the road, your problems doubled; vagrants were by definition undeserving, since if they were deserving, they'd have been supported by their parish. Penalties under the Yorkist and Tudor laws were hideously harsh by our standards; committed to the stocks, or pillory, whipping for multiple offences, and then being sent back whence they came. Severe under Edward IV and Henry VII, under Henry VIII and his children it would only get worse.
At the same time of course, support for the poor was severely disrupted by the dissolution of monasteries and chantries. There is much debate about this of course, about how significant support from monasteries was by the 1530s, since it was probably much less than it had once been; A figure around £9,000 to £10,000 a year seemingly reasonably widely supported; which falls broadly into the worthy but dull level – that is, it would have clearly been insufficient on its own to support the poor, and there were many other sources of private giving which were not removed. However, it's still significant. And then there's debate about how far support was replaced elsewhere. It's clear that there were mechanisms in place, whether existing hospitals and almshouses were taken over, or newly created, and it is also clear that parishes and towns retained their responsibility for support. But I will say that there are some estimates that say poor relief took until 1600 to fully recover; and that I have yet to read anything suggesting the amount of poor relief got any better before the poor law of 1598 despite a tranche of poor laws before that, and in the face of an increasing poverty problem, that means the situation got worse[1].
The government was well aware there was a problem, and tried to do something about it, and applied both carrot and stick, medicine both hard and soft. In 1531 laws allowed deserving poor to beg, in 1536 Cromwell introduced the first poor law, there were further laws in 1547 and 1552, and further efforts would be made under Elizabeth. The number of acts in itself demonstrates the size of the problem. But it was not until the 1598 Poor law act that a genuinely effective system was put in place. Meanwhile laws also tried to repair the economic situation; In 1552 for example, ordering the return to tillage of land converted to pasture since 1509. 'Badgers' had to be licensed. You might wonder what badgers have to do with anything, but a badger was any trader who bought somewhere and sold somewhere else – such as Corn Dealers. It finding out this fact, I also learned that there is a modern use of the word badger to mean someone who is over prepared, has all the kit, that sort of thing. The modern world is a difficult thing since I understand one of my favourite words mather, to dither and moan, is now frankly unusable. Curse you, modern world, I curse you and cast you out. Anyway, Badgers, specifically in this case Corn dealers had to be licensed by local magistrates, on the basis that they could then stop them raising prices, which surely they must be doing, because you know, the prices keep going up. There must be some very disreputable badgers making unreasonable profits and if we can just stop them, everything would be OK. There is no evidence any of these did any significant good. Just to make matters worse, in 1551 the cloth trade collapsed, and legislation tried to protect livihoods by stopping the industry starting up in new places, and therefore putting people already engaged out of work. It's an interesting example that action tended to try to reinforce the old verities, rather than take advantage of the new.
The mention of the cloth trade might seem to be a golden opportunity to talk towns, and I will seize that opportunity, though it is not such an obvious leap as might be thought; because in fact a lot of industry, as we will hear at some point, took place in the countryside cottage. However, towns. The general profile of the country's population remains the same as it has for a while; the vast majority lived in the countryside 10% or less in the towns. And there is as yet little sign of any great growth in the number of people living in towns – in fact the size of smaller towns might actually have been falling in the 16th century. The exception of course is the beast, the big smoke, London, like a great black hole pulling migrants in from all over England and from abroad, where population from around 55,000 rose to 80,000 by 1550, and would reach 200,000 by 1600. Towns were very much part of the countryside around them, integrated into it, so that most towns would contain most trades to service the area around; towns were part of the countryside they served. Often those towns also articulated the specialisations of the district of which they were part. So, lovely Richmond on the border between the Yorkshire Dales and the Vale of York, provided the interchange between wool and dairy of the dales with the grain of the Vale. The vast majority of business actually took place in the village or parish, in small scale deals which often relied on credit; if more was required then the local market town would normally do the job. The people of Market Kibworth in Leicestershire for example, had the option of travelling into the town once a week where they could find a market most days. Maybe you were feeling particularly picky, and the local market town couldn't help you out, in which case you might need to square the shoulders and travel further to one of the provincial capitals – like Newcastle, or York, Bristol, Norwich; to give you a point of reference, Norwich was the largest of these with a population of about 12,000.
When you arrived and wandered through the streets trades might be grouped into 5 broad types; shops and merchants; manufacturers, of stuff like leather goods, clothing and so on; food and drink retailing – including the boozer of course; building, and then the professional lot – apothecaries, lawyers, clergymen. But you would also find numbers of semi-skilled or unskilled labourers, who would be carrying out jobs that would vary from day to day.
The majority of the types of things you might be looking for would have been produced by the handicrafts system. The handicrafts system is a label we have applied to the pre modern situation in Europe, where the Master concerned produced the item themselves all the way through from materials to finished item. Given the size of the market and the level of demand there wasn't much incentive to try to increase the sophistication of the process through any division of labour or mechanisation. I say the Master concerned would have done the work, what I mean is manage it really, because he would probably have an apprentice of even apprentices who had achieved the status of journeymen, but did not have the capital to set up on their own as a Master. Becoming an apprentice, normally for 7 years was a common start in life, particularly for young men, second only to domestic service.
However, there is one great exception to this rule, the rule of the handicraft that is, which is far and away the largest and most important industry – that of clothing. Here there were greater opportunities to get involved in larger scale manufacturing. If you happened to be a Master in the industry you might follow two routes, both of which involved a merchant with a greater access to capital to service the development. You might go for the domestic system, which kept the Master pretty much in control of production as normal – you'd hook up with a merchant who would sell and distribute your glowing products to markets further away. Or, you might get involved in the 'putting out' system, where a merchant capitalist financed the whole process, putting out stages of the manufacturing process to specialists. In the process there would be a combination of centralisation and local working – so parts of the process like the cleaning and dyeing or the fulling of the cloth would be done in the clothier's workshop; the spinning and weaving would be put out. This work would be done by individuals in their own homes, paid for by piece work; it is essentially wage work.
The critical news, though, is that by the 1520s, this work was not simply the preserve of towns; it expanded into the countryside; for the merchants organising the work, households in the countryside would often do the work for very much less than in the towns, so that encouraged the growth of rural production. For many rural households in the countryside, making ends meet involved being part of manufacturing as well as food production. In Kent, 1,300 households in the Weald appear to have been involved in weaving, which could have been 16% of the population. Spinning was often dominated by children and women; the same analysis in Kent had suggested 35% of children and women were involved in spinning. I am dimly aware that there is a modern joke relating to some hideous exercise routine which could be made, but I am going to decline the temptation to make such a gag, as a principled stand.
I would like to pull out a few points about rural manufacturing if I may. Firstly, by the 1550s it is too simple to think purely of rural vs urban, or farming versus trades; many families, at least 15% of households would be carrying out a variety of economic activities. That meant that many were less exposed to harvest failure, which is a good thing, because they had other income to fall back on, But it also meant they were susceptible to a wider and more distant series of events; the impact of war in Europe and an embargo on trade with the Netherlands, or the collapse in the demand for English broadcloth, or the flap of a butterfly's wings in China could reach back all the way to the highlands of Cumbria.
Secondly, it's worth adding that areas like the highlands of Cumbria or the Weald of Kent were more likely to be so protected or affected; because areas characterised by Wood and pasture agriculture rather than open field and arable, were much more likely to be part of rural industry – a comment to which I must return. Thirdly, is the debate about this so called 'proto-industrialsation', as it has been called. The idea is that these rural industries and the putting out system encouraged the conditions for later industrialisation; largely because it began to consolidate capital for industrial use, an essential component; and also it began to give experience of another key component of the industrial revolution – the division of labour. Such as you make the tea, I'll read the newspaper. Well not quite like that, reducing costs and increasing quality and productivity by focussing on specific tasks in the process. Finally in this rather random list, the impact on the population of smaller towns could be quite dramatic. By and large the emphasis now is on continuity again, the complexion of towns' trade changing rather than a disastrous decline, but nonetheless many towns shrank ion the 16th century – Coventry in the Midlands went from 10,000 to 6,600 by 1520 for example.
In this profile, London was an exception, as London tends to be exceptional in English life and politics to this day, of course. The 16th century was one of constant growth; from 55,000 in 1500 to 200,000 in 1600 it was the only truly big city on a European scale. It completely dominated English overseas trade, based upon its proximity to the Netherlands, with monopolistic control of the Netherlands trade enjoyed by the Merchant Adventurers' Company. It handled 70 per cent of England's cloth exports in the 1480s, and 80 per cent by the 1530s. Its population growth was not driven by it's own birth rate, but by national migration; people flocked to London, because after all the streets were paved with gold. To give you an example of the scale of that; of a thousand new freemen admitted to the city in the years 1551–3, only a fifth had been born in London. They came from all over – most from the south-east and East Anglia, almost as many the midlands and northern counties, with smaller numbers from the south-west, Wales, and Ireland, and the constant flow of immigration from other parts of England was essential to population growth or even maintenance – organics growth does not seem to have been enough to replenish London's numbers with out it.
Given that London is something of an exception one rubric has been of a general urban crisis during the 16th century, and that story has been moderated more recently. First of all, it is first important to remember the basic fact that trade outside of the parish and immediate locality was a relatively small part of the early modern economy. It's almost impossible to even dream of calculating it. But Keith Wrightson and Mark Overton gave it a shout, with the suitably qualified statement that it would 'seem unlikely that the total of 'market-oriented' producers and consumers constituted much more than a third of the English population.'[2] So there you go make of that what you will – 2/3rds of people, probably just focussed on their own family needs.
With that proviso, despite the shifts in some parts of cloth manufacture to rural suppliers, towns may have lost some of their numbers, but they lost very little of their essential role, integrated into the English economy.
Since I have mentioned that some of the cities of England played a role as provincial capitals, it would seem churlish and careless not to talk a bit about the regions and provinces of which they were part. It also allows me to talk about another underpinning, foundational concept of how England worked.
So, I harp on, I admit, I harp on interminably about how unusually centralised England has been administratively speaking since the later Anglo Saxon Kings, and despite the best that the Norman kings could do to mess things up with their poxy feudalism. But this should not blind you to the strength of local and regional experiences. The vast majority spend their lives within one parish or region, and it is that region and its peculiarities – landscape, markets, landholding, customs – that will affect the way you lived. A very large percentage of the people of early modern England operated principally within five to ten miles of where they were born. In Kent, for example, about half the villagers found marriage partners within their parishes; 70 per cent married within five miles distance; 84 per cent within ten miles; 93 per cent within fifteen miles.
In that regard, there is a map of surpassing loveliness, intellectually speaking produced in a book edited by a chap called Charles Phythian-Adams. I mean it's not beautiful to the eye but in it are mapped 14 cultural provinces of pre modern England. What the map shows is that regions of England are linked by topography – coast, hills, rivers landscape – and market access into regions. We kind of know this instinctively even now I think, in the modern world or you do if you are English I think, however much weaker those connections are now. We know that the people of East Anglia and Cambridgeshire are connected in some way; that the South West is distinctive, and the Midlands, Yorkshire of course, the I could go on. When people of the time spoke of their 'country', they might mean England, but they were more likely to be talking of the region of which they were apart. I thought I would use Jane Austen for an example here, since I though she had written in Pride and Prej 'that there was no finer country in England than Derbyshire' but it seems she wrote county, so I took me to one James Pilkington who wrote also of Derbyshire in 1789
But diversified beauty is the prevailing characteristic of the narrow dales of the low peaks; and perhaps there is no country that can boast of finer scenes of the latter kind than Derbyshire
You might wonder at the obsession with Derbyshire, but I have just been walking there and I had forgotten just what a stunner it is.
Anyway, so that would be their country, their area, their hood, their patch; it would deliver government and law, but it would also include their personal connections and dealings, which might extend around a much more nebulous cultural province than an administrative shire even.
I might very briefly connect this with what is universally acknowledged to be the most exciting topic in English history, which is the topography of the English landscape and its impact on lives and communities. Or at least, universally acknowledged within the vicinity of the shed. Those members who have listened to the Life and Landscape in ASE series will know what I am talking about when I refer to the different types of lowland England, planned and ancient. What follows is therefore the excrutiatingly summarised super summary. You might divide England, or indeed Britain into very broad groups – Highland, planned lowland and ancient lowland. You might do this, while covering yourself in grovelling apology for the vast swathe of generalisation in such a phrase, but then ignore that and go for it with enthusiasm. Within the lowland regions of England, broadly to the East Midlands and south, two quite different traditions were followed; I will dig out a copy of Oliver Rackham's map and put it on the website so that you can see what and where I mean. In a process that started in late Anglo Saxon England, the good people of England began to follow different agricultural practices according to the strengths and characteristics of their land. In a wide swathe of area, from the mid-south coast up through the midlands and into Norfolk and up through Lincolnshire and the east coast, the countryside leant itself to arable farming. Communities organised themselves into open field systems, those same open field systems whose enclosure we keep talking about now. I say 'communities organised themselves' and that of course belongs to the polyanna view of the process and needs heavy qualification; in many cases, the process was top down, either encouraged or even forced on the inhabitants by landowners looking to rationalise their manors. But often it was indeed a bottom up process. So, where this happened, profound changes came with it. Big open fields meant that other resources must be shared more; I am not suggesting that shared rights over land are purely a result of open field systems, they are not they are often very ancient indeed, but they play a particularly critical part in it. If you have a strip or strips of arable, you need access to meadow for hay and pasture for plough teams and other livestock, which you anyway may share. You need access to woodland, and to water, this means not only do you need rights to use such resources, you also need rights to travel to and access those resources. Also, many things are going to have to be planned in common – how much access does each person have, wrong doers need to be restrained and disciplined, the amount of resources need to be planned in common, which fields are to be fallow, should a new crop rotation system be planned, what crops shall we plant and on.
Also, it made sense to live together in closely knit village where everyone was together, where plough teams could be kept and shared. And so from widespread individual farms, people began to live together in the nuclear village to which we are now so used and which seems now so normal. And inherent in the system is the need for manorial courts to manage all this stuff and rule on disputes, for communities to share resources and act communally.
However, other areas were less suitable for arable, generally areas of upland, or fen. The wealds of Kent and Sussex, the lowlands of Essex and Suffolk and Breckland in Norfolk, the Chiltern hills, the uplands of western England towards the Welsh borders. So, in these places, land was often never enclosed, and the economy might always have focussed on pasture, individual farms with integrated resources. The land around these individual farms would not be planned and re-laid out in medieval days as they would have been in open field countryside, but retained in their ancient configuration. There would be shared rights in common but probably less extensive. These areas might be referred to as Ancient countryside, because that reworking has not taken place, or sometimes it will be called wood:pasture, to reflect the agricultural bias towards livestock and woodland farming.
Well, why am I telling you this and why is it so exciting? I am telling you this because first of all if we are interested in the daily experience of women and men their landscape had an impact out of all proportion to its impact in these days, in England at least, where we can commute 50 miles to a city to work. This means I can finally link back to that statement that rural industry tended to take part more extensively in wood pasture regions. This is because it is a method of farming that is less time intensive; you have some downtime, some time to make some socks while looking after you flocks. So, the landscape had a direct impact on the rythmn of peoples' lives. Secondly, because historians have at various times and various places not only performed the parrot sketch but also tried to see an influence on cultural attitudes that derived from their backgrounds. There's a beautiful if much disputed piece of work by a historian called David Underdown, on what he described as the Chalk and Cheese areas of the South west, and their reaction to the civil wars. He tried to build a model of a lowland village where a sense of community and traditional relationships and religious attitudes prevailed, against a wood pasture area more dominated by individualism, and Protestantism. I suppose this particular study has had most of its bunk removed, but it's still out there, and however you view it, landscape makes a difference.
Finally, it's the most exciting thing in the word because the lives of our ancestors remain etched on the landscape. For this you need Oliver Rackham's History of the Countryside, or Richard Muir Reading the Landscape; although I should note by the way that the recognition of this basic division in lowland England has long been recognised, it's not a recent realisation, antiquarians of the 16th century wrote of it. But just on a basic level, if you travel through, say, the smallest county, Rutland, Multum in Parvo, or the Chiltern Hills north west of London the you will see a basic difference. Rutland is champion land – champion not from the sense of a from a George Formby movie or a wonder horse, but from the French 'campagne' open countryside. There you will find the traditional nucleated English village in gorgeous deep yellow ironstone, you will find relatively few footpaths, you will find largely straight-ish roads that lead logically from A to B, relatively thin hedgerows of 1 or two plants in width. If you drive through the Chiltern hills, yes, you come to some villages since of course the world has been built on a bit since industrialisation, but you will also see a world of isolated farmhouses, there are footpaths all over the place, the road system is also much more higgledy piggledy. The hedgerows tend to be much wider and organic having built up over time, woodland tends to be more frequent and in smaller clumps. It is essentially less planned. I do not quite know why I find this as exciting as I do, but I believe, on careful analysis with the help of a pint of Brakespeare's ordinary, now must amusingly rebranded Gravity to access to less open toed sandal market, that it is because in this way there is a direct connection between me and my ancestors. It is a thin thread, I doubt they would be impressed with me, none the less it is a living thread, and made of the finest unbreakable steel.
Anyway, the long and short; since you can't see these maps probably, all I can ask you to take away from this is to think of the women, men and their families standing in their landscape and society, not as a single blob. You can, sadly, think of me as blob if you like, but that's a different story.
[1] Boulton, J; 'The Meaner Sort' in Wrightson ed: 'A Social History of England 1500-1700'
[2] Wrightson, Keith. Earthly Necessities: Economic Lives in Early Modern Britain, 1470-1750 (The Penguin Economic History of Britain) (p. 109). Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle Edition.
David Crowther
280 The Land was Never So Full
282 Parish and Protest
9 thoughts on "281 Winners and Losers"
Shawn Casey says:
I really enjoy these different looks at history. Landscape surely shapes the people living in them and the economics they provide.
David Crowther says:
I agree. And for 99% of the time, is far more important to them than politics or pretty much anything else.
Susanno says:
Hi David! If you haven't already read it, I highly recommend the book "Time's Anvil: England, Archaeology, and the Imagination", by Richard Morris. He writes, "…we have underestimated connections between periods, things, institutions, and ideas that are normally studied apart and assumed to be unrelated." Among other things, he examines the study and interpretation of landscape, and makes a strong case that our pre-set expectations limit our ability to see what the land can show us, and by altering our assumptions we can change what we perceive. For example, Dominic Powlesland's geophysical survey of linear settlement in the Vale of Pickering is described and cited as evidence of this. He states, "Historians have yet to acclimatize to these discoveries, which do not readily correspond with conventional thinking about the making of England." The book examines England from deep prehistory to the present, is beautifully written, and is exceptionally thought-provoking.
Sounds fantastic, thanks for the recommendation. Right up my street I reckon
Cheryl Fahnert says:
Help! I recently became a member and have been trying to catch up.
Over the weekend, almost all of the players and download buttons have disappeared. And when I go from the members page to the podcast with the button up top, I get a page full of code. Restarted my tablet, emptied the cache, nothing helps. Any ideas?
I'd love to see you do an episode focused on London migration and growth. The line in this episode — "a thousand new freemen admitted to the city in the years 1551–3," has me really intrigued. Why did they come to London instead of their regional centers? What does it mean to be "admitted to the city?" Were poor people out on the road treated differently in London than they would have been in other places outside of their home parishes? I'm sure part of the lure of London was the seat of government, but what else drew people from the English countryside to it?
Hi Allen, and yes, this is definitely worth an episode or two. The influence of London in England's history becomes particularly important in the 17th century. It's been credited with the formation of a national market, helping to double agricultural production as farmers as far away from Yorkshire tried to feed it, creating demand for raw materials, credit, improved national transport, generating higher real wages; encouraging national rather than traditional, local attitudes, encouraging social mobility, and more consumption. So..yes!
It's the size that drives it all I guess even in the 1550s; it's qualitatively bigger than Norwich, already with a national reach. Admitted to the city in this particular example of Freemen means to become part of the Corporation of London, so these are people made good. And nope, the poor were treated very much the same, and through the same Parish mechanism – though the Coorporation of London would also have provided charity. But yes! I will definitely do something special on London at some point
Thanks for the explanations.
Perhaps for contrast you can compare it to life at the same point in the sparkling city of Loughborough.
Allen, it's an excellent idea. The thing is though, I need to be kind, and no town looks good when compared to Loughborough so…
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Family Trees: Succession in Henry VIII's will November 30, 2018
Family Tree: The House of Tudor June 6, 2017
The Family de la Pole October 17, 2016
Was Edward VI's Devise for the Succession lawful? December 7, 2018
Some opinions about Henry VIII July 19, 2018
Anne Askew, Martyr and Author June 24, 2018
Catherine Howard: Love letter and Confessions April 2, 2018
A contemporary view of the Tudor peerage in 1538/9 March 15, 2018
Katherine Howard, Countess of Bridgewater March 4, 2018
Thomas Cromwell and his reputation January 16, 2018
Anne Boleyn Website links October 14, 2017
The Incident at Grafton September 22, 2017
Bishop John Fisher September 15, 2017
Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017
Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017
Medieval tournaments illustrated glossary June 5, 2017
St Bartholomew the Great June 3, 2017
Henry VIII and his Beard May 13, 2017
Cardinal Wolsey and the Historians May 12, 2017
Cardinal Wolsey: A Timeline May 12, 2017
The Minions of Henry VIII April 28, 2017
Henry VII's hatchet men: Empson and Dudley February 25, 2017
Early Tudor Court February 5, 2017
New Learning: England's first Humanists January 22, 2017
Catherine Gordon and Perkin Warbeck January 8, 2017
Medieval Prices and Wages December 14, 2016
Mountjoy, Henry VIII's Humanist Mentor December 10, 2016
Henry VII and his loyal Councillors November 27, 2016
Henry VII and the historians October 31, 2016
Henry VII Character and Portraits October 31, 2016
The indispensable John Morton July 17, 2016
Original Sources
Speech of Mary I, 1554 March 15, 2019
Robert Kett's Petition, 1549 September 16, 2018
The Six Articles, 1539 February 1, 2018
John Colet and the Convocation of 1512 September 3, 2017
Lady Jane Grey Quiz November 4, 2018
Henry VIII Jumbo Quiz July 22, 2018
Thomas Cromwell Quiz (Members) January 17, 2018
Queen Anne Boleyn Quiz October 20, 2017
Anne Boleyn Quiz – the Early Years October 13, 2017
The Ladybird matching quiz July 14, 2017
Thomas More Prize Quiz (Members) July 2, 2017
Thomas More Quiz (Non Members) June 29, 2017
Tournament Quiz June 18, 2017
Thomas Cranmer: A Life by Diarmaid MacCulloch March 18, 2019
Thomas Cromwell: A Life by Diarmaid MacCulloch November 13, 2018
Young and Damned and Fair by Gareth Russell March 25, 2018
Thomas Cromwell by Tracy Borman January 15, 2018
Tudors by Peter Ackroyd January 8, 2018
Thomas More (Reputations) by John Guy June 30, 2017
The Creation of Anne Boleyn June 22, 2017
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Searching for a bedroom design ideas hdb for your home? It can be tricky to pick which style and pattern to go for so here we've collected our favorite wallpaper for walls designs. In our wallpaper for walls assortment, you'll locate wallpapers in pink, red, blue, green and sexless colors. If you desire a photo wallpaper for your walls, later here's the right place to look for it. locate wallpaper for walls of forests, beaches, skylines and animals.
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How do I change my windows tablet keyboard language from English to Greek?
Windows Media Player opening with all Greek characters on Windows 7.
Re: Method to change the Keyboard Language from English to Greek on Windows Tablet?
Click on clock language , and region..
Now click on Change display language..
Here choose keyboards and languages tab..
Now click on Change keyboards..
Now select language as Greek(Greece) button..
Next click on apply and OK..


I bought this based on the excellent WEBROOT product I have used for years. The WIFI security is very poor. Had to keep logging in....the VPN Protection would suddenly disappear. This product didn't work more than it actually worked. The one star is only because no stars is not an option. Don't buy.
Billed twice, app still says my trial has expired and I should renew.
Absolutely pathetic product. App won't stay logged in, doesn't work with iCloud Keychain or a major password manager. VPN disconnects frequently. Charged twice, still no service.
Enjoying several Webroot apps on BOTH my iPhone & laptop, I respect & truly value your applications & service. Although I know my Webroot password, I am informed via this app login failures that I must first VERIFY my account! Okay, no problemo! How in the world do I initiate this process? Does my expectation regarding the app to lead me through this process seem irresponsible of me? Oh, "verify account" yielded NOTHING productive when used as a HELP SEARCH TERM on the related support website.
I'm very disappointed with this app. When connected it seems to do well. But when I turn the phone off and then back on, or when I connect to a new wifi network, it does not restart. At a minimum, I have to agree to renew my subscription automatically. Every time! Once should be enough. Most of the time I have to re-enter my password also. *Extremely* annoy! Unless I remember to constantly check to see if my VPN is working, I cannot depend on this protecting me. Almost worthless as a security app IOW. I cannot recommend this app. I have switched to the new AT&T VPN and am trying that. Unfortunately it's just for my phone so I'm still running this on my iPad and computers. And cussing vehemently every time I have to re-enter my password. I will switcH to another VPN service on those as soon as I find one I like and can trust. Webroot, I'm rapidly loosing faith in ALL your programs and services. I cannot express how angry I am that your password toolbar for Firefox has been broken for OVER A YEAR!!!! Now this. Get your stuff together or go the way of the Dodo bird. I hope your anti-virus is still working.
It worked only for 2 days, and get money back is hard.
Really easy to get started, and love that it auto connects to public Wi-Fi so I'm always protected.
Compared to other VPN's, both free and for pay, this one is both effective and very easy to use on all three of my Apple devices...iPhone 8, iPad Pro and my Mac. Tho only time it interferes is when on Netflix or Amazon Prime, otherwise it does what it is supposed to very nicely. What More more can you want other than it is a bit pricey.
UPDATE: Tried several times to call the number provided by Webroot in response to this review only to be hung up on every time before reaching a rep. Stay away from this VPN. Buy NordVPN instead. Webroot is slow, extreme throttling, randomly disconnects without notification leaving you vulnerable (even with the auto reconnect feature engaged) the server selection page gets stuck every single day and on top of all that somehow websites are retaining my information when using this "VPN" even after I clear my cach and use a Privacy Orientated browser like Duck Duck Go. How can this be? Simple Webroot is clearly not nearly as effective as they would lead you to believe. Run away, just run away from this crapware. And the hangups on their customer service line exhibits this company's don't give a crap attitude. Wanted to like this app but it randomly crashes on my iOS devices. Drops out or try's to connect to a server I never asked it to. Even when it connects to the server I requested it often just freezes and will not load any pages forcing me to switch to a different server. Right now I can not even get the app to load after numerous attempts and various methods. I don't know what the developers are doing but from the user end it does not seem to be much as these issues have been a problem from the beginning.
Not working in China within the great firewall.


Residents are invited to have their say on plans for Campbelltown Hospital's $632 million redevelopment. The plans are on public exhibition at the Department of Planning's website until September 26. Alison Derrett, general manager of Campbelltown and Camden hospitals, said lodging the development application was a key step towards delivering more local health services for children and adults closer to home. "We are excited to see our hospital's redevelopment progressing with so many wonderful inclusions to enhance and expand the region's health care," she said. "The new state-of-the-art clinical services building will be a local landmark of up to 12 levels with a helipad on the roof of the building. "It will include significantly expanded mental health facilities and a new paediatric unit with 60 beds which is almost triple the number in our existing ward. "The new emergency department will have more treatment spaces and more ambulance bays." Other works will include a new hospital entry, improved pedestrian links to existing hospital buildings new internal link roads and landscaping.
Residents are invited to have their say on plans for Campbelltown Hospital's $632 million redevelopment.
The plans are on public exhibition at the Department of Planning's website until September 26.
Alison Derrett, general manager of Campbelltown and Camden hospitals, said lodging the development application was a key step towards delivering more local health services for children and adults closer to home.
"We are excited to see our hospital's redevelopment progressing with so many wonderful inclusions to enhance and expand the region's health care," she said.
"The new state-of-the-art clinical services building will be a local landmark of up to 12 levels with a helipad on the roof of the building.
"It will include significantly expanded mental health facilities and a new paediatric unit with 60 beds which is almost triple the number in our existing ward.
Other works will include a new hospital entry, improved pedestrian links to existing hospital buildings new internal link roads and landscaping.


text:
Submission on proposed changes to NDIS legislation - 2021
On 21 October 2021, the Senate referred the National Disability Insurance Scheme Amendment (Participant Service Guarantee and Other Measures) Bill 2021 to the Senate Community Affairs Legislation Committee for inquiry and report.
A4 made a submission about:
Read more about Submission on proposed changes to NDIS legislation - 2021
Submission to DSS on Draft NDIS legislation - 2021/10/22
A4's brief and somewhat rushed submission on proposed changes to the NDIS legislation is available below.
The government gave the disability sector insufficient time to respond to its proposed changes. Parts of the disability sector have received legal advice that the limited time allowed is disability discrimination. It certainly shows that the government's aim to build trust (following the Independent Assessments debacle) and to work with the sector is insubstantial.
Read more about Submission to DSS on Draft NDIS legislation - 2021/10/22
ABC: debate over controversial treatment for autism
The report at https://www.abc.net.au/radio/adelaide/p… is one-sided. It fails to speak to qualified or registered clinicians in Applied Behaviour Analysis. It is well known that any early intervention approach for autism does not suit all autistic children, but getting views from clinicians on one side of the debate is biased.
Read more about ABC: debate over controversial treatment for autism
Please see below links to Easy Read COVID-19 vaccination resources now available:
Read more about Covid-19 Vaccination
Submission: Autism, disability, and the National Disability Employment Strategy
A4 made a late submission in response to DSS's consultation on a National Disability Employment Strategy.
Basically, A4 felt that DSS's proposed holistic strategy to address disability employment over the next decade is the same as it was for the last decade: it's the same strategy expecting a different result. Rather thank acting on what they "think" might work, some of the 10 years could be used to determine reliably what does work for the various parts of the disability sector, then implement working approaches more widely.
Read more about Submission: Autism, disability, and the National Disability Employment Strategy
creating trust in the NDIA is about more than the so-called Independent Assessments
Minister Reynolds has the NDIA and disability representatives working on rebuilding trust. The NDIA and some parts of the disability sector seem to think this is just about recent conduct.
For the autism sector, there are deeper issues from the outset.
Here is a letter from A4 to the Minister briefly describing some of the history and issues.
Read more about creating trust in the NDIA is about more than the so-called Independent Assessments
NDIS FOI 21/22-0100 - misinformation and untruths
The NDIA did not respond to a number of A4's concerns. Issues of particular concern were:
"misinformation and untruths" from the NDIA's CEO to NDIS participants about the assessment tools that were planned for functional assessment of autistic NDIS participants for the so-called Independent Assessments, and
inexpert and misguided advice from the NDIA's Independent Advisory Council (IAC) about early intervention for autistic children.
The NDIA did not respond to A4 about its concerns.
Read more about NDIS FOI 21/22-0100 - misinformation and untruths
Coalition government's ongoing war on autistic Australians
Dear Senator the Hon Linda Reynolds,
Subject: Government's ongoing war on autistic Australian
Autism Aspergers Advocacy Australia (A4) deplores media reports (see Annex below) saying that "The Minister responsible for the National Disability Insurance Scheme has blamed an uptick of Australia's aged, autistic and obese people for the 'unsustainable' rising costs of the service". Your government's war on autism is unacceptable. We complained about it before and were ignored.
Aged autistic people are one of the smallest subgroups in the NDIS: there were just 125 of them in June 2021, just 0.8% of 14K+ NDIS participants in that age group. While their funding level is higher than average for the NDIS, we doubt the numbers in this very small group will increase significantly for some time. We have not found NDIA reporting on obesity; we doubt the NDIS even has reliable data on obesity of NDIS participants.
Read more about Coalition government's ongoing war on autistic Australians
FOI 20/21-0660 and FOI 20/21-0835 - NDIA keeps its records with Schrödinger's cat
The NDIA claims in its Participant Service Charter that it wants to be "transparent". However, it avoids making public communication and decisions about some key issues. For example, the following show that it does not want its records about commentary from a disability representative organisation (DRO) on advice it received from its IAC released.
The NDIA wrote a discussion paper on early intervention for autistic children.
Read more about FOI 20/21-0660 and FOI 20/21-0835 - NDIA keeps its records with Schrödinger's cat
NDIS sustainability - letter to the PM
The Hon. Scott Morrison MP
Dear Prime Minister Morrison,
There are numerous reports in the media that the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) has seen the average cost of individual support packages increase by at least 12% per year since 2017. These include:
Read more about NDIS sustainability - letter to the PM


A hospital is reported to sell drugs without the instruction sheet, instead, pharmacists will pass patients some extra notes from the manufacturers, the contents are however different from the original instructions approved by CFDA. However, the Chinese law enforcement agents have different opinions regarding who should take the responsibility, hospitals, pharmaceutical distributors or manufacturers.
A drug representative revealed details about hospital kickbacks. Five famous hospitals in Hangzhou are involved this time. As an example he mentioned the price difference of his own product– Edaravone Injection, the procurement price from manufacturer is 15 RMB (specification 10ml/15mg), while the bidding price in Zhejiang province is 64.1 RMB and the sales price in hospitals is 74.4 RMB (≈15% price adding based on the bidding price), and it is said that doctors could receive 15-18RMB for prescribing one package. The case is currently under the investigation.
Dongguan Kanghua Hospital, the first private hospital with 3A-class classification in China, acquired a pharmaceutical company last year, which now mainly provide drugs for Kanghua Hospital. "The acquisition has saved us up to 20% of drug costs", said the hospital president.
A dilemma in the children drug R&D : the demands of children drugs are rapidly increasing. However, it's extremely difficult to have clinical tests for new children drugs, because most parents won't let their children test new drugs. Researchers are calling for more support from the public.
Having been rejected by the China Securitties Regulatory Commission one year ago, Yisheng Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd. is starting a second try to register the stock market. Due to its high percentage of sales costs, Yisheng Pharmaceutical is under the suspection of bribery. Why does the sales costs of Yisheng Pharmaceutical take more than 80% of the total income? Where are 200 million RMB going every year?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the first mobile device application, which doctors can use to view magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) and make diagnoses.
The application, which is called Mobile MIM, can be used on the Apple iPhone and iPad devices using diagnostic tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans. The app will also enable doctors to view positron emission tomography (PET) from their mobile devices.
Doctors can use this revolutionary mobile device app to receive tomography and magnetic resonance imaging on their Apple iPhone or iPad from their office or hospital. However, the FDA emphasizes that the application is not meant to replace the full workstation for doctors. Instead, it is something that should be used when doctors don't have access to larger equipment.
One of the huge benefits of this latest technology from Apple is that it will let doctors view images instantly, without having to wait for film or having to go to a workstation.
The FDA reportedly reviewed performance test results on different mobile devices before approving the Mobile MIM. In the review, the agency measured for brightness, image quality, and distortion.
The agency also conducted studies with qualified radiologists under different lighting conditions to ensure that the mobile device would be sufficient for viewing tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Mobile MIM is set to be released in Apple's App store in the United States next week. The mobile device application for iPhones and iPads will reportedly be available in 30 different countries.
10900 attended one questionnaire survey about medication. the result show that 70% of the Chinese household misuse drugs, some of them can't even tell the differences between OTC and prescription drugs.
Nimesulide Has Fatal Side Effects for Kids?
The latest incident around the adverse reactions of Nimesulide, a cold drug for kids from Hainan Honz Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd: it's reported that this drug may have fatal side effects to children. However, the manufacturer assumed that it might be a slander from its competitor Johnson-Johnson. Is this drug really safe for kids, or is it another case of vicious competition?
A comparison study shows the difference of the pharmaceutical industry in the USA and in China. According to the state reports, FDA has only issued 21 new drugs in 2010, whereas there were 712 new drugs approved by CFDA in the same year. Why such a great difference ? Is it because the exams in China is not as strict as in the USA?
Another usual phenomenon in Chinese pharmaceutical industry: some people are doing pharmaceutical business without certificate, instead, they just borrow the license and receipts from other authorized firms. This will cause some safety issue, and the Chinese government is currently searching for a solution.