Oh…. my goodness, where to start here?
I don't know where to start… I have a post "packing for Croatia" started, but I was away (just returned home last night after being gone all summer) and did not have Internet access for the past week, so my last post has probably gone a little too cold and that's why I'm starting a new one.
I know it's important to PACK LIGHT, and I want to try to do this for the first time in my life.
I am not sure (and I've been trying different shoes and pants, etc) on what kind of footwear would be best as well as clothing.
Is it humid in Croatia this time of year? Do I not need rain gear? Is a light cotton jacket a good idea? I found a really cute on at TJ MAXX with cargo pockets that I'd love to bring - or would a fleece be a more practical thing?
I don't know if we are going to be taking any flights in-between islands (probably not), or boats, or trains (probably trains) on this trip, but I understand that suitcase size is important, as well as the weight of it.
I want to be really smart and bring the best suitcase daypack and carry on (is that three things I need to manage? Maybe the day pack and carry on is one and the same.. yes…) I can.
Is there a size or weight restriction on any of this as far as the trains, etc go? That should be my first quest I am able to accomplish.
If anyone has sources for these things, please let me know and I will order whatever has been tried and true. I am serious about this packing and can use all the help I can get!
What about sundresses or dresses per se? OK if they're sleeveless? I am sure I would need to "cover the shoulders" should we tour certain places, and I will be prepared for that. But is it more appropriate to bring a dress that hits below the knee rather than above the knee? Are they stylish or not so there? Is there air conditioning pretty much all over as well as in restaurants (i.e., do they tend to be freezing cold inside?) or is it generally warm and open air?
Thanks again for your help. Fodors is my bible!
You will not be taking any trains, which are minimal in Croatia. On ferries there is space for luggage storage. On buses, luggage goes underneath the bus. So, yes it is important that you can manage your own bag. Try to book an apartment with a washing machine a couple times.
Check weather at wunderground.com. There you can see temps in past years--peruse a few because the weather can be so variable! Then, check the forecast within a week of your trip and make adjustments.
Croatia is pretty casual. Wear what you would normally wear. You may be walking more than usual, so pack shoes appropriate for that. You must have a backpack or cross body bag that would be suitable as a day bag---no need to buy something new. I like mine to be able to hold a light jacket. You will likely not need a/c, should be mild evenings.
Definitely plan for rain in mid-October in Croatia. The weather will start to turn at some point during the month - maybe early, maybe late. When I was there in 2009, right in the middle of October, I had beautiful warm weather (shorts weather) in Dubrovnik, then the next day by the time I got to Korcula it was raining and much cooler. Two nights later, there was a huge rain/wind storm in Split. I most definitely needed a light jacket not to mention an umbrella.
On the other hand, you can always buy an umbrella in Croatia. On my recent trip in April/May, I brought an umbrella which promptly broke the first time I opened it in Slovenia. So I had to buy another one anyway.
Not to say you should expect rain every day - it may be warm and sunny most of the time. Humid? Probably not, though.
I wouldn't get hung up on formal attire on your vacation. You can wear shorts on the Dalmatian Coast for sure - it's a vacation destination. In a nice restaurant? Maybe not. Probably not in a church, either.
Bring comfortable walking shoes for Plitvice. It's not strenuous hiking but there is a lot of walking, occasionally with some mud if it's been rainy.
Don't worry about the weight of your suitcases for the trains - worry about it for the flights. No one will even touch your bags on the train (though in light of the recent foiled attack by Americans on the train in Belgium, some bags may get more scrutiny now, I guess, than in the past. Doubt that will apply to Croatia.) There will be overhead racks on the trains to put your bags on most trains. If the bag is too heavy for you to lift up there...then it's probably too heavy.
For footwear you want comfortable! For me that would be a pair of sneakers for walking (wear on the plane because they are the most bulky), a pair of comfortable but reasonably attractive sandals, and a pair of flip flops.
Shorts are fine, capris are fine, pants are fine.
I don't wear dresses myself and I think fall is a bit late in the season for "sundresses" plus then you need better looking shoes than with pants/shorts/capris.
I would buy a 22" rolling suitcase that is both lightweight but reasonably sturdy. Make sure it has good wheels and zippers. Name brand does not matter. I always by mine at TJ Maxx for ~$50. In addition to this I would carry one small daypack or large purse/tote. Again brand is not important, just make sure it's comfortable for you to carry. Book bags/daypacks like kids use for school work OK.
No special reason I know of other than it's too heavy & bulky & wouldn't be worth it to me to drag it around. That's the kind of things that makes your "packing" no longer "light"!
ps- All you have to do is add a comment and your old thread comes back to the top. Most of your questions were already answered on the first one.
Some European airlines restrict carry-ons to 21 inches, so I'd buy that. In addition to sturdiness, you want a suitcase as lightweight as possible -- for lifting overhead on planes and trains as well as up and down stairs.
And some airlines are more strict than others in enforcing their carry-on restrictions. My carry-on is a little larger than 21 inches but still fits vertically in the overhead bin of a Southwest Airlines 737. I've only been asked to check it once on a European airline - KLM in 2009 when their flight was super full. I flew KLM twice within Europe in April-May and was never asked to check it. Also no problem on Air France, Croatia Airlines, or Eurolot (Polish) in the past. I always plan on checking it if I absolutely must, so it's not the end of my world.
"Budget" airlines like easyJet and RyanAir would probably be much more strict.
My favorite source for luggage is ebags.com. I can attest to how sturdy and useful their house brand 22" rolling bag is, but they carry a range of brands and sizes and price points.
I think Andrew's point is well-taken. If you're going to travel mostly in the US and don't mind checking your bag if you must, you may want a US carry on size. Ebags breaks their selections up by regulation size, btw.
Oh, so much great information, thank you!!!
I, believe it or not, do NOT have a backpack or a cross body bag. I have only a cheap backpack that is lousy, so I would buy something that would be my go to backpack from now on. I do have a neck problem, severe arthritis in my neck which can act up and cause shoulder problems, so I am not sure what kind of bag to get… I just take my medicine and try to do the exercises to keep myself from getting too stiff and I'll be alright in that regard, so if anyone knows of a good bag, please let me know.
I do have two small hard-bodied suitcases which I got from TJ Maxx but one of them has wheels that don't really work very well. They're made by Heys. I just got out my tape measure and measured it and I got 20 long by 13 wide by 11 deep without the extra space zippers being used. Probably too small for this trip, especially since I've NEVER packed light, so it's a bit of a challenge.
The other bag I have I like, but when I measured it I got 24 inches top to bottom and that's including the big wheels it has! (Grandma, what big TEETH you have!) by 17 across and it's 10" deep again without the "extra space storage" zipper being used. Probably too big. Made by The Sharper Image.
So… I guess I need a new suitcase too! If anyone has a specific tried and true name, I will be happy for the link, but I will also check e-bags. thank you so much.
I will also check the weather (underground.com) - great idea, and great idea to check a week beforehand as you suggested.
I'm kind of surprised about the rain. We are leaving Oct 11th so I didn't think it'd really come into play, but I guess we should really prepare and bring a (waterproof or water repellant?) rain coat!
Do you feel we should pack water shoes or should we buy them there if needed?
thanks again. I will be checking in often.
Here's your old thread. You can always top it, so people know what advice your've already gotten and decide whether additional info is needed.
I felt no need to bring any "water gear" except for the umbrella that broke anyway. I needed an umbrella in May, too, but not every day. I was lucky that I've never needed one while hiking in a park in Croatia, but I did need one while hiking in a few hill towns in Istria.
If Plitvice Lakes gets a lot of rain, I have heard that it can be hard to walk on some of the paths where the boardwalks kind of get flooded. (Some of the boardwalks cross over water.) Sometimes park officials put down additional boards or something to help you walk over. Keep in mind that a park like Plitvice isn't designed for serious hikers - it's designed for vacationers who don't have waterproof shoes. Don't go overboard - you may get lucky and have little or no rain at all on your trip.
The OP has another thread on the same topic from earlier today - that already has 15 responses. She needs to click on her name to fine it - or just search for Croatia.
kja and nytraveler - I posted earlier today on the older thread with 15 responses (a few of them mine) that I had started this new thread to pick up where I left off since I had lost internet connection last week, and was unable to check in. I felt that the old thread had gone cold, and it would be best to provide the link on that one and start anew.
I probably should have also provided that link when I started this post, yes?
"I felt that ... it would be best to provide the link on that one and start anew.... I probably should have also provided that link when I started this post, yes?"
Not in my opinion -- I think it would have been FAR better if you had topped that thread withOUT starting a new one. JMO.
You absolutely need a suitcase with wheels! Try to get something smaller than the listed dimensions for your airline, so that if it is stuffed you can still fit it in the overhead, but if your shoulder problem is that bad, then you should consider checking it (and this is coming from a die hard carry-on only traveler).
If it is warm enough for beach time, then you will be able to buy some cheap water shoes there.
Instead of water shoes, consider using a waterproofing spray on your sturdy walking shoes (sneakers, whatever they are). If you are set on buying new ones, many light hiking shoes look not-clunky and have gore-tex waterproofing.
Not even that. You just needed to add a comment at the bottom of your 1st thread & it would have popped to the top for everyone to see again (and kept all your information in one place, instead of two different ones like you have now).
I agree none of your current suitcases sound quite right, definitely to NOT take the one with bad wheels!!
If you have everything in a carry-on it absolutely MUST have wheels. You do not want to be lugging it all over the miles of airport.
But do be sure that it fits well within the requirements of any flight you will be on. Standards in europe are often different than from the US and returning from Switz (I have a client there) I have often seen americans have to gate check their carry-on since it didn't met the local standards. I bought a special 19" carry-on (including wheels) for these trips - but since they are only 2 or 3 days that's plenty.
Is there a reason you intend to carry your suitcase on the plane? Because your arthritis and bad shoulder and all will make it tough to lift anything of any weight up into the overhead. Sometimes other passengers will help, or maybe your husband can do it, but, sadly, you can't count on flight attendants to lift a finger for you.
Maybe you should check the suitcase?
NewbE, I was thinking along the same lines - no need to have to carry the suitcase on the plane, I'll check it! I guess I was hoping to pack as lightly as I could, and was also hoping to get a way with being able to have my main suitcase be a carryon that I could carry on, but I don't see why I can't check it, especially seeing that it would be a great aid to my neck problem! So I will CHECK the bag!
Now I just need to decide on the SIZE now that I'm checking it! I don't want to get too big now, though, since my aim was to pack LIGHT, and be able to lug it up stairs and over cobblestones with ease!
I'm trying to find the lightest suitcase with spinner wheels (are spinner wheels a must?) I can find…. I'm not sure what size to get yet. Since I'm not going to carry it on, we decided, I'm no longer restricted to staying within carry on size.
I'm 5.4, in my 50's. I've never been a back pack person, but I think I need to be one and get used to it. I can't believe I've always carried overfull tote bags on planes before this.
Gotta start with the right suitcase and then figure out the back pack and then try to pack what I think I can't live without in this tiny bag!


text:
{% comment %}
This file is licensed under the MIT License (MIT) available on
http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
{% endcomment %}
{% assign filename="_data/devdocs/en/bitcoin-core/rpcs/rpcs/analyzepsbt.md" %}

##### AnalyzePsbt
{% include helpers/subhead-links.md %}

{% assign summary_analyzePsbt="analyzes and provides information about the current status of a PSBT and its inputs." %}

{% autocrossref %}

*Added in Bitcoin Core 0.18.0*

The `analyzepsbt` RPC {{summary_analyzePsbt}}

*Parameter #1---psbt*

{% itemplate ntpd1 %}
- n: "psbt"
  t: "string"
  p: "Required<br>(exactly 1)"
  d: "A base64 string of a PSBT"

{% enditemplate %}

*Result*

{% endautocrossref %}

    {
      "inputs" : [                      (array of json objects)
        {
          "has_utxo" : true|false     (boolean) Whether a UTXO is provided
          "is_final" : true|false     (boolean) Whether the input is finalized
          "missing" : {               (json object, optional) Things that are missing that are required to complete this input
            "pubkeys" : [             (array, optional)
              "keyid"                 (string) Public key ID, hash160 of the public key, of a public key whose BIP 32 derivation path is missing
            ]
            "signatures" : [          (array, optional)
              "keyid"                 (string) Public key ID, hash160 of the public key, of a public key whose signature is missing
            ]
            "redeemscript" : "hash"   (string, optional) Hash160 of the redeemScript that is missing
            "witnessscript" : "hash"  (string, optional) SHA256 of the witnessScript that is missing
          }
          "next" : "role"             (string, optional) Role of the next person that this input needs to go to
        }
        ,...
      ]
      "estimated_vsize" : vsize       (numeric, optional) Estimated vsize of the final signed transaction
      "estimated_feerate" : feerate   (numeric, optional) Estimated feerate of the final signed transaction in BTC/kB. Shown only if all UTXO slots in the PSBT have been filled.
      "fee" : fee                     (numeric, optional) The transaction fee paid. Shown only if all UTXO slots in the PSBT have been filled.
      "next" : "role"                 (string) Role of the next person that this psbt needs to go to
    }

{% autocrossref %}

*Example*

{% highlight bash %}
bitcoin-cli analyzepsbt "psbt"
{% endhighlight %}

{% endautocrossref %}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Shannon studied Law with Criminology at the University of Salford and is completing the CILEx fast-track diploma to qualify in law. Before moving to Hill & Abbott Shannon worked within Charities supporting young children.
Shannon is the Team Leader within the Private Client team, with over two years' experience she specialises in Wills, LPA's and Probate matters.Shannons work is supervised by the Head of Department who has over 17 years' experience.
With her patient and friendly approach. Shannon enjoys getting to know her clients, and helping to guide them through the legal process.
Over the years my contact with different people at H&A has always left me with the feeling that they listen, understand and then discuss the best course of action. Very professional.
Love the phone music. The whole of your service was carried out with total efficiency.


text:
__БЕЗКН__

NGC 2240 је расејано звездано јато у сазвежђу Кочијаш које се налази на NGC листи објеката дубоког неба.

Деклинација објекта је + 35° 15' 2" а ректасцензија 6-{h}- 33-{m}- 10,5-{s}-. Привидна величина (магнитуда) објекта -{NGC}- 2240 износи 4,8.

Референце

Литература
Revised New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue, Wolfgang Steinicke, 2012. Доступно у овом фајлу са објашњењем на овој страници
SIMBAD база података, Стразбуршки центар астрономских података (CDS), Стразбур

Види још
Нови општи каталог

Спољашње везе

Интерактивни каталог NGC, IC и Месјеових објеката
-{SIMBAD}- база података

Нови општи каталог сазвежђе Кочијаш
Расејана звездана јата

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


July 25, 2016 – Osborne, Kan. – Osborne Industries, Inc., is pleased to announce that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has recently awarded Patent No. 9,361,770, for one of the company's newest products: the Osborne Heat Pad Indicator Light.
For more than 40 years, Osborne Industries, Inc., has been developing innovative products for the pig production industry, designed to facilitate informed management decisions, increase operational efficiency, and improve producer profit. The company's commitment to the industry is evident in the newly released electric indicator for its signature Stanfield® pig heating pads. The device provides visual confirmation that individual heat pads are operating properly and offers producers an added level of assurance that heat pads are providing the heat necessary for optimum piglet growth and development.
Unlike other devices available for competitive heating pads, Osborne's product features two bright LED lights. The unique and newly patented device shows that electrical circuits are functioning properly, and that individual heat pads are drawing electricity and providing the necessary heat for young pigs. The addition of the heat pad indicator to Stanfield heat pads eliminates the need for infrared temperature wands or physically inspecting individual pads to ensure they are operating properly. Both LED lights of the Heat Pad Indicator remain consistently bright, regardless of variable watt power, which is a patented feature of the device. If the temperature of a heat pad is controlled by a ramping controller to compensate for the reduction in heating required for piglet development, the LED lights remain consistently bright and visible, even as power is reduced to the pad.
The heat pad indicator light is a powerful diagnostic tool and large systems of heat pads, equipped with electric indicator lights, are already being used by producers. "The Stanfield brand of heat pads has been the standard for providing uniform, under-body heat for newborn piglets for more than 40 years," said Osborne's Sales and Marketing Manager, Amy Conrad. "The reliability of the Stanfield brand is further solidified with the addition of the Osborne Heat Pad Indicator Light since farm personnel now have a visual way to reaffirm their heat pads are operating properly." The heat pad indicator light will alert producers to farrowing stalls requiring attention, so piglets are never without heat.
For more information on Osborne's latest patented product or the company's complete line of pig production equipment, please call 1-800-255-0316 (1-785-346-2192) or visit osbornelivestockequipment.com.


text:
Seedskadee Project
Seedskadee Project History (82 KB)
Select a DamFontenelle Dam
Fontenelle Powerplant
The Seedskadee Project, a participating project of the Colorado River Storage Project, is in the Upper Green River Basin in southwestern Wyoming. It provides storage and regulation of the flows of the Green River for power generation, municipal and industrial use, fish and wildlife, and recreation. The basin contains vast mineral resources of coal, trona, oil and gas, and shale that provide the basis for extensive existing and potential industrial development. Towns in the area are Rock Springs, Green River, and Kemmerer.
The Crow Indians called it the "Seeds-ke-dee-agie," meaning "Sage Hen River," but it was the "Rio Verde" to the Spaniards. To the mountain men it was simply the Green River. In 1812, South Pass was discovered by fur trappers. From 1825 until 1840, the Upper Green River Basin was the crossroads for the mountain men. After the trappers came, the covered wagons moved west along the Oregon Trail. Settlers began homesteading lands near the river in the 1880's.
On February 6, 1963, in Rock Springs, Wyoming, Reclamation opened bids for the construction of Fontenelle Powerplant and Switchyard. The contract was awarded on April 8, 1963, to E-W Construction Co. and L.D. Shilling Co., Inc., of Creswell, Oregon. Work commenced in early June. By the end of 1963, approximately 20 percent of the work had been completed. Work to date consisted largely of excavation for the Powerplant and tailrace channel, as well as placement of concrete in the lower levels of the Powerplant and tailrace channel walls. During the calendar year 1964, the prime contractor, performed an additional 55% of the work on the Powerplant and Switchyard. They completed framing of the powerplant substructure and superstructure, installed the roof and began the application of metal siding. Early in the year, the hydraulic turbine, the 100-ton traveling crane, the 8.5 x 8.5 river outlet works control gate, and the draft tube bulkhead gates, all furnished under different supply contracts, were delivered to the job site. By the end of the year, the prime contractor completed concrete placement for the river outlet works gate house. Subcontractors installed the penstock and surge tank and the electrical subcontractor erected the major switchyard structures. The prime contractor also installed the crane and the gates, and began preparing the spiral case of the turbine to be embeded in second-stage concrete. In the spring of 1965, E-W Construction Company and L.D. Shilling Company, Inc., of Creswell, Oregon, installed the hydraulic turbine spiral case turbine runner and shaft. Concurrently, the generator erection contractor assembled the generator station and rotor and then installed them under the direction of the manufacturer's erection engineer. The summer saw continued work on powerplant piping, electrical wiring, and switchyard construction. The 69-KV powerline, constructed between the powerplant and Bridger, Wyoming by the Bridger Valley Rural Electric Association energized the switchyard by August. Essentially complete by September, the powerplant was ready for operational testing. In early spring 1965, Reclamation opened bids for the construction of a control cable line between the Powerplant and the downstream river gaging station. However, a leak at Fontenelle Dam disrupted access to the work site, leaving the contract un-awarded. The leak did not disrupt Powerplant construction and the contractor completed all work on the Powerplant, except for replacement of inadequate heating and ventilating controls, by the end of the year. In January 1968, the Montrose Power Operations Office assigned a powerplant electrician and one assistant to Fontenelle Powerplant. May 24, 1968, the powerplant went "on line" beginning production of hydroelectric power. Also, in January 1968, the Power Operations Office at Montrose, Colorado, assumed operation of Fontenelle Powerplant, making Fontenelle a part of the CRSP power system. They transferred the Powerplant to Operation and Maintenance (O&M) status July 1, 1968. All Powerplants contained within CRSP, including Fontenelle Powerplant are administered by the Colorado River Storage Project power system, which includes dams, hydroelectric powerplants, switchyards, substations, and transmission lines. The CRSP system, adjacent Federal systems, and systems of the public and private preference customers comprise a large interconnected power system. The Power Operations Center, Montrose, Colorado, (established April 15, 1963,) location of CRSP headquarters, provides administrative, storage, vehicle service, machine shop, and warehouse facilities and equipment necessary for the efficient conduct of maintenance activities for the CRSP power system. Located approximately in the geographical center of the CRSP, the Power Operations Center also administers the activities for Region 4 (later renamed the Upper Colorado Region) and serves as the control center for the operation of all power facilities within CRSP. Bureau of Reclamation employees, personnel of the University of Wyoming and other interested parties met with the Wyoming Reclamation Projects Survey Team, to discuss the development of the Seedskadee Project, during the first months of 1963. Subsequently, the Survey Team held several public meetings in April and May throughout southwestern Wyoming to obtain public views of the Project. Joe Bud, an alternative member of the Colorado River Commission called a public meeting in Kemmerer on May 6, 1963, to review the report of the meeting held by the Survey Team. In addition, Bud vigorously pointed out the dangers of losing Wyoming's share of the Colorado River water to the lower states. The Wyoming Resource Board as well as industry and stock interests in the area also expressed the desire to maintain Wyoming's share of the Colorado River waters. Overall the general public's sentiments appeared to support the reports of the survey team. In their report dated, June 30, 1963, the Wyoming Reclamation Projects Survey Team recommended that a pilot farm program be established immediately for the purpose of determining the necessary components of a successful irrigation operation; the Farm would be operated by the Bureau of Reclamation in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Service of the Department of Agriculture and the University of Wyoming. After making these examinations a request could be sent to Congress requesting legislation authorizing the Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall to act in accordance with the evidence as it relates to unit size. Awaiting information from the operation of the Development Farm, construction of the project irrigation distribution system was deferred indefinitely, beginning the last of March. Preparation of design data for the Seedskadee Development Farm began August 26, 1963, under the recommendation of the Wyoming Reclamation Projects Survey Team. Located approximately eleven miles downstream from the Dam, the site selected for the Farm represents the project's soils and topography. In October, topography maps were completed and a collection of design data for the various features initiated. The Bureau initiated construction, in accordance with general recommendations of the Advisory Committee, during the spring of 1964 and completed the Farm in the summer of 1965. Summer of 1964 saw establishment of crops, while fall brought the addition of livestock. The Agricultural College of the University of Wyoming supervised the Farm Operations directly, under the general supervision of the Advisory Committee. Reclamation financed operations directly with appropriated funds. The Agricultural College scheduled the submission of a report of findings late in 1966. Reclamation awarded the contract, for the construction of a farm access road, fencing, pumping plant, and buildings, to Landon Construction Company of Casper, Wyoming, beginning Farm construction. The contractor moved his equipment in on March 27, 1964, and began work March 30. Also on March 30, an additional contract, for the construction of earthwork and structures for laterals, drains, and land leveling, was let to Benson Construction Company of Grace, Idaho. Work began April 16. Until completion in early August, work continued steadily. After leveling and completing the laterals, individual fields were turned over to the University of Wyoming for seeding and initial irrigation. All nine fields of the upper bench had been seeded by mid-August. Landon Construction Company moved a 2-bedroom relocatable house to the farm from Fontenelle Community, to serve as quarters for farm help and experimental workers. On September 1, 1964, the College of Agriculture of the University of Wyoming assumed operation of the Development Farm, with funds advanced by the Bureau of Reclamation. Former Manager of the University of Wyoming Pilot Farm at Farson, Wyoming, Mr. E. E. Buckendorf was selected as Resident Manager of the Development Farm. The Farm manager erected minor improvements such as fencing and a large pole shed for livestock in the fall. The fields of the upper bench were seeded with alfalfa, oats, and various grasses. The oats started remarkably well without fertilizer, according to observations in early summer. The earth distribution system and the river pumping plant functioned well. In 1965, the Farm completed its first year of operation. The State of Wyoming through the University of Wyoming, successfully operated the Farm for the next four years, 1966-69. In 1970, the five year contract made between Reclamation and the State of Wyoming expired and the Farm reverted to Reclamation control. Beginning January 1, 1972, Reclamation advertized for lease, the Seedskadee Development Farm, including approximately 740 acres near Green River Wyoming. These lands lie fallow, as no one ever purchased the Farm. Construction of Fontenelle Dam commenced in June 1961 and was completed in April 1964. In September 1965, after the reservoir had filled to capacity, water passing through relief cracks in the right abutment carried away part of the downstream embankment. The reservoir was evacuated and a repair program undertaken and completed in 1967. The reservoir was refilled in the winter and spring of 1968. Construction of Fontenelle Powerplant and appurtenant facilities was started in February 1963, and completed in January 1966. Power generation commenced in May 1968. Initial deliveries of municipal and industrial water to the State of Wyoming under the contract of June 14, 1962, began in 1974. Further negotiations with the State were completed on December 27, 1974 for additional municipal and industrial deliveries. The Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge was established by the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1965. The refuge lies along 35 miles of the Green River, approximately 6 miles below Fontenelle Dam and 20 miles northwest of the town of Green River. The refuge will provide habitat for waterfowl, and ultimately 18 wildlife management units will be developed. About 13,250 acres of Federal and private land have been acquired with plans to bring the refuge to a total of about 22,000 acres. A substantial fishery has developed in the reservoir and in the stream between the reservoir and the Flaming Gorge Reservoir. Both the stream and reservoir are stocked with rainbow and brown trout. In the stream below the reservoir, a whitefish population is sustained as a result of natural spawning. Recreation facilities constructed on the west shore of the reservoir near Fontenelle Creek include sites for camping and picnicking, a boat ramp, parking, sanitary facilities, and drinking water. For specific information about any of these recreation sites, click on the name below. http://www.recreation.gov/detail.cfm?ID=701 http://www.recreation.gov/detail.cfm?ID=1606 Commercial power generation commenced in May 1968. The powerplant and switch yard at Fontenelle Dam with transmission lines interconnected with the Colorado River Storage Project transmission system at the Flaming Gorge Powerplant. Although there is no specific reservoir capacity assigned for flood control, the Seedskadee has provided an accumulated $3,047,000 in flood control benefits from 1950 to 1999. In December 1928, primarily to pave the way for construction of Hoover Dam, Congress approved the Colorado River Compact. The Compact, originally drafted in 1922, allocated the waters of the Colorado River among the states that lie in the Colorado River Basin: Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. The Compact, the first of its kind, separated the basin into two groups, the Upper Basin states (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming), and the Lower Basin states (Arizona, California, and Nevada). Of the seven states, Arizona was the most reluctant to ratify the Compact, because of its concerns California would take the majority of the lower basin's allocation of water. Arizona's concerns only increased after the discovery that the river's flow had been over-estimated. After the passage of the Compact by Congress in 1928, the Upper and Lower Basin states faced the difficult task of allocating their share of water amongst themselves. The Lower Basin states had to address concerns regarding California's ever-growing need for water. Meanwhile, most of the Upper Basin allocation went to the more populous states of Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah, leaving Wyoming a smaller share of the water. Concern for its share of the Colorado River led Wyoming to campaign in Congress for its own Reclamation Projects. In the early 1950s, Wyoming saw her chance to retain her share of the allocation with the introduction of the Colorado River Storage Project (CRSP) to Congress.1 The Colorado River Storage project was designed to regulate the flows of the Colorado River between the Upper and Lower Basin states. With the construction of the dams proposed in CRSP, the upper basin states could consistently meet the flow requirements at Lee's Ferry, Arizona, while at the same time using the Colorado River to its fullest extent.2 Wyoming was not concerned necessarily with the project benefits of CRSP, rather her leaders were concerned that the lower basin states, namely California, and to some extent even the Upper Basin states, would appropriate her portion of the Colorado River leaving Wyoming without her share of the Colorado River. Wyoming's reasoning behind inclusion of the Seedskadee Project in CRSP was similar to the reasoning Los Angeles used when diverting water from the Owens Valley. There did not have to be a current use for the water, it merely needed to be held on to so that another state could not use it.3 In the case of Los Angeles, William Mullholand chose to irrigate the San Fernando Valley instead of building a reservoir to store the water he was appropriating from Owens Valley. Wyoming took the more traditional approach and called for building a dam on the Green River. Located in Southwestern Wyoming, the Seedskadee Project lies within the Green River Basin, a part of the Colorado River Basin. Sweetwater County contains most of the project, but the northwestern tip extends into Lincoln County. Project lands extend along a thirty-five mile strip between the towns of LaBarge and Green River, Wyoming, along both sides of the Green River. Additional lands lie on each side of Big Sandy Creek near the creek's confluence with the Green River. Towns in the vicinity of the project include, Green River and Rock Springs, southeast of the southern end of the project, LaBarge northwest of the project's northern end, and Kemmerer about 35 airlines miles west of the area. The vicinity of the project looks like a typical western desert, broken only by a narrow strip of green bottom land along the Green River and Big Sandy Creek. Lands, originally thought to be irrigable by the project, lie on the arid benches adjacent to the bottom land and range in elevation from 6,590 feet at its northern portion to 6,180 feet in the southern portion. The benches have an average width of about one mile with an elevation difference between them of 120 feet or less. Rock broken badlands bottled by buttes flank the bench areas to the east of the river. Elevation of most of the lands ranges between 6,300 feet and 6,400 feet.4 Seedskadee, a participating project in the Colorado River Storage Project, provides storage and regulation of the flows of the Green River for power generation, municipal and industrial use, fish and wildlife, and recreation. The basin contains vast mineral resources of coal, oil and gas, oil shale, and trona which provide the basis for extensive existing and potential industrial development. Fontenelle Dam, Powerplant, and Reservoir comprise the principal features of the project. Municipal and industrial water use, power production, flood control, and a downstream fishery and wildlife refuge provide the basis for Reservoir operation.5 Fontenelle Dam sits on the Green River twenty-four miles southeast of La Barge, Wyoming. A zoned earthfill structure, the Dam looms 139 feet high with a crest length of 5,421 feet, and a volume of 5,265,000 cubic yards of material. An uncontrolled crest, open chute, and stilling basin, with a design capacity of 20,000 cubic feet per second, comprise the spillway. Fontenelle Powerplant is located adjacent to the toe of the dam, while the power penstock branches the river outlet works. The Powerplant consists of one 16,000-horsepower hydraulic turbine and one 10,000-kilowatt generator. The Reservoir, with a surface area of 8,058 acres, has an active capacity of 150,500 acre-feet and a total capacity of 345,400 acre-feet. When full, the lake is twenty miles in length with a shoreline of approximately fifty-six miles. The Dam, Reservoir and Powerplant take their name from Fontenelle Creek which enters the Green River near the Damsite. The Creek was named after Lucien Fontenelle, an early French fur trader and trapper. Fontenelle worked for the American Fur Company in the 1820s and 1830s.6 Sparsity of population has been characteristic of Wyoming since primitive times. Paleo-Indian hunters and gathers, who may have come to North America from Siberia, were the first known human beings in the region more than 20,000 years ago. Archeological sites indicate mammoth hunters near Worland over 11,000 years ago. Additional archeological evidence of continuous human habitation dating from approximately 9,000 years ago, has also been discovered. Beginning about 4,500 years ago the early inhabitants abandoned the region, possibly due to climatological change. Eventually small nomadic hunting bands returned to Wyoming, mostly Shoshone and Crow Indians later joined by the Arapaho and Cheyenne. It is believed that the nomadic Indian population numbered no more than 10,000 when the first Anglos arrived. Even the arrival of the Anglos did not result quickly in permanent settlement; the early hunters and trappers merely took what they needed off of the land before moving on. Many passed through Wyoming, but few chose to stay. Wyoming has long been a land of have nots--no water, gold, people, or outposts of civilization; location, resource limitations, high elevation, and aridity have combined to impede its growth. Early westward travelers and explorers revealed it as a land of little water, making Wyoming into an obstacle and not a place with its own unique attributes. Few on their cross-country travels appreciated the beauty of the unusual state, all they saw was the hot dry prairie that they had to cross to reach the civilization, waters, and gold of California, Oregon and Washington; an attitude replicated by many cross-country travelers even today. Ultimately however, it was the mountain men, that became central to Wyoming's history. More than any other state, Wyoming has been identified as rendezvous country and home of the mountain men. The fact that the freedom, independence, and self-reliance of the trappers' life have been exaggerated, as have the economic importance, the color, and the romance of the annual gatherings which took place from 1825-1840, has had little effect on the overall perception of the mountain men in Wyoming. Jim Bridger, the most famous mountain man of them all, owned a trading post in the southwest corner of Wyoming. Bridger ranks as one of Wyoming's six outstanding deceased citizens, while historians rate his fort second only to Fort Laramie in terms of importance. Though the mountain men are the most romantic figures in Wyoming's history, her state motto "The Equality State" proclaims her greatest claim to fame. In 1869, Wyoming became the first government to grant women the right to vote. Considerations of justice notwithstanding, the majority of the legislature passed the suffrage bill because of its public relations value; they thought that it would advertise the territory and attract population. An additional argument for suffrage was that the opportunity to vote would attract women from the east to balance out the dominantly male population. The suffrage bill did not attract population, but it did give the state a distinction which lives on. In fact, in 1955 the Wyoming Legislature proclaimed Esther Morris, the first woman judge, the outstanding deceased citizen. Though a land of many legends, Wyoming has always had a scarce population and a lack of water. The Federal Government has attempted to address these two features of Wyoming with projects such as Seedskadee. At the same time, there will always be those who prefer the pristine nature of the state. The Bureau of Reclamation initially investigated the Seedskadee Project as a part of a plan for the development of the Upper Green River Basin; the 1946 report on the Colorado River Basin documented this plan. Reclamation subsequently carried out investigations of the Seedskadee as an independent project. In November 1950, the Bureau prepared a feasibility report, issued as a supplement to the December 1950 report on the Colorado River Storage Project (CRSP)--a project located within the five adjacent states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. In October 1953, a third supplement brought construction costs and project benefit estimates up to date. The latter supplement, after being submitted to Congress, provided the basis for project authorization. Congress authorized the Colorado River Storage Project with the Act of April 11, 1956--initial units included Glen Canyon, Flaming Gorge, Curecanti, Navajo, and eleven other projects. This act included authorization for the Seedskadee Project, one of the initial group of participating projects in CRSP. The definite plan report for the Seedskadee Project was prepared in April 1959, and modified in February 1961 to provide for future municipal and industrial water needs. In 1959, under the Title III Water Supply Act of 1958, the Wyoming Natural Resource Board requested an additional 60,000 acre feet of storage capacity be added to Fontenelle Reservoir for future municipal and industrial purposes, thus increasing the total capacity of the reservoir to 345,400 acre-feet, with 150,500 acre-feet of active capacity. The Secretary of the Interior Fred Seaton, approved the additional 60,000 acre-feet March 19, 1960. The increased reservoir capacity made a powerplant feasible; the reservoir releases for municipal and industrial purposes are available for the generation of power. The Commissioner of Reclamation, Floyd E. Dominy approved the addition of a 10,000 kilowatt powerplant on Fontenelle Dam, August 11, 1961. On May 21, 1962, Dominy issued a stop-order suspending construction of irrigation features of the Project until a general review of Wyoming projects could be accomplished. Subsequently, experimental crops were grown on 512 acres using border dike, contour flooding, and circular sprinkling method, to seek solutions to the serious financial and economic problems encountered on high-altitude irrigation projects, and to provide guidelines for land development and water management. Fontenelle Dam, originally conceived as an irrigation storage dam, evolved toward storage of water for cities, industry, and fish and wildlife, as a result of these experimental farm studies and irrigation development was deferred indefinitely. Technically known as sodium sesquicarbonate and the most common of the sodium carbonate minerals found in nature, Trona (Na2CO3 NaHCO3 2H2O) is used to produced soda ash or sodium carbonate. Glass manufacturing requires nearly one-half of the sodium carbonate produced; chemicals consume one-quarter; and the remainder goes to pulp, paper, soap, detergent and aluminum production, water treatment, and other miscellaneous uses. In 1959, drilling by the Stauffer Chemical Company indicated a minable deposit of trona located in the southern or lower end of the project. They discovered that the southern part of the Green River Basin in southwestern Wyoming overlays the largest known deposit of trona in the world, about 1,400 square miles. The Wilkins Peak Member of the Eocene Green River Formation contains about sixty-seven billion tons of trona in twenty-four beds more than three-feet thick. In a 1,400-square mile area in the Green River Basin these beds lie at depths of 400 to 3,500 feet. In the southern part of the area fourteen beds, more than three-feet thick, contain another thirty-six billion tons of mixed trona and halite. On January 14, 1960, after Stauffer's discovery, the Wyoming Natural Resource Board arranged a meeting with the officials of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, Stauffer Chemical Company, and representatives of the Bureau of Reclamation; representatives from the Bureau of Mines, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) also attended. The Wyoming Natural Resource Board unanimously passed a resolution, at the conclusion of the meeting, recommending Reclamation continue to seek Congressional appropriations for the Seedskadee Project with the confidence that the interested parties would work out the issue surrounding the mining of trona on potential project lands. The project plan was modified, after much discussion, deferring the development of the area underlain by trona until a suitable solution to the conflict between mining and irrigation could be reached. To facilitate a decision, the Stauffer Chemical Company began mining a deposit east of the Green River outside the project area. Planning to determine the pattern and extent of surface subsidence as mining operations proceeded, officials thought that a suitable solution of mining and irrigation could be worked out with the findings of these studies. The lack of irrigation on the Project later made the concerns regarding the coexistence of mining and irrigation irrelevant. Construction on the Seedskadee Project began in 1961 and continued through 1968. Several private contractors completed all the work while under contract to Reclamation. Work began with the Fontenelle Community and subsequently moved to the Dam and Reservoir, the Powerplant, and finished with the Seedskadee Development Farm. On April 10, 1961, construction of Fontenelle Community, Wyoming, (the government camp to serve the Seedskadee Project) began with the award of the contract for streets and utilities to Witt Construction Company of Provo, Utah. The contract for ten operation and maintenance houses was awarded on May 8, 1961, to D. H. Butcher Construction Company of Salt Lake City, Utah. The contract for the permanent headquarters and service buildings was awarded to Witt Construction Company June 19, 1961. Accepted as substantially complete October 20, 1961, the camp utilities were placed in operation. Reclamation accepted, in November 1961, construction of the ten permanent houses as substantially complete. Occupation of the administration building and service buildings occurred in December 1961, although the other contracts were not fully completed. The following year, 1962, eight two-bedroom Transa houses, acquired by non-appropriation transfer, were installed along First Avenue. Kit Manufacturing Company supplied five dual trailers placed in the trailer court. De Rose, Inc. furnished ten three-bedroom relocatable residences erected along Fifth and Sixth Avenues. To accommodate the units along First, Fifth, and Sixth Avenues, the contractor extended utilities and streets and installed garages to serve the temporary housing units. Construction of alleys occurred in every block. During 1963, after the completion of landscaping by Western Garden Center of Salt Lake City, Utah, and after the delivery and erection of eight 3-bedroom relocatable residences from Transa Structures, Inc., of Fullerton, California, Reclamation accepted construction of Fontenelle Community as complete. Also in 1963, Lincoln County completed surfacing of the access road from U.S. Highway 189 to Fontenelle Community, under a negotiated contract with Reclamation. On June 13,1961, the contract for construction at Fontenelle Dam, was awarded to Folley Brothers, Inc. and Holland Construction Company of St. Paul, Minnesota. Actual construction commenced June 30, 1961. Initial work consisted of structural excavation; excavation for the dam embankment, including stripping for the dam foundation; the start of grouting operations; and excavation for the diversion channel and outlet works. Work continued as planned in 1962. During the first two-thirds of the year, design and right-of-way data for Fontenelle Reservoir was completed. Reclamation and the Wyoming State Highway Department negotiated a contract for the relocation of U.S. Highway 189. In December, the Highway Department issued specifications for the relocation. Reclamation prepared and issued specifications for Fontenelle Powerplant and Switchyard. Construction of Fontenelle Dam, by Folley Brothers, Inc., and Holland Construction Company of St. Paul, Minnesota, continued as planned throughout the year. As the 1963 construction season began, Fontenelle Dam, was approximately 60 percent complete. The contractor had essentially completed the dam by the end of 1963. The successful diversion of the Green River though the river outlet works on August 6, permitted completion of the embankment. Finally in late 1963, the contractor initiated installation of the various control gates and completed them early in 1964. In 1964, construction work on Fontenelle Dam consisted of rip-rap placement on the upstream face of the dam, minor concrete work and the installation of gates, gate controls, and related electrical and mechanical machinery in the outlet works. On April 24, 1964, Reclamation accepted the Dam as complete. In early summer 1964, Fontenelle Reservoir filled rapidly with the high river flows and in June the spillway operated for the first time. The National Park Service completed the recreation area in the spring. Subsequently, outdoor recreation developed on the reservoir.
Principal features of the project are the Fontenelle Dam, Powerplant, and Reservoir. The reservoir is operated for municipal and industrial water use, power production, flood control, and downstream fishery and wildlife refuge. The Fontenelle Dam is located on the Green River 24 miles southeast of La Barge, Wyoming. A zoned earthfill structure, the dam is 139 feet high with a crest length of 5,421 feet, and a volume of 5,265,000 cubic yards of material. The spillway consists of an uncontrolled crest, open chute, and stilling basin with a design capacity of 20,200 cubic feet per second. Fontenelle Powerplant is located adjacent to the toe of the dam, with the power penstock branching from the river outlet works. The powerplant consists of one 10,000-kilowatt generator and one 16,000-horsepower hydraulic turbine. The reservoir has an active capacity of 150,500 acre-feet and a total capacity of 345,360 acre-feet, with a surface area of 8,058 acres. The lake is 20 miles in length when full, and has a shoreline of approximately 56 miles. The Bureau of Reclamation operates the Fontenelle Reservoir and Powerplant, and is responsible for recreation facilities. The Fish and Wildlife Service manages the Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge. The Wyoming Game and Fish Commission manages the reservoir fishery and the fishery in the Green River below the reservoir. The development farm has been transferred to the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission for wildlife management purposes.
Abbott, Carl. "The Federal Presence." In The Oxford History of the American West. Eds., Clyde A. Milner II, Carol A. O'Connor, and Martha A. Sandweiss. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Fifth Sun: A New History of the Aztecs (Paperback)
American Colonies: The Settling of North America (The Penguin History of the United States, Volume 1) (Paperback)
By Alan Taylor, Eric Foner (Series edited by)
Rez Life (Paperback)
By David Treuer
Our Beloved Kin: A New History of King Philip's War (The Henry Roe Cloud Series on American Indians and Modernity) (Paperback)
By Lisa Brooks
American Indian Stories (Modern Library Torchbearers) (Paperback)
By Zitkala-Sa, Layli Long Soldier (Introduction by)
An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873 (The Lamar Series in Western History) (Hardcover)
By Benjamin Madley
Michi Saagiig Nishnaabeg: The History of Curve Lake First Nation (Paperback)
By Doug Williams, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson (Editor)
Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History (Civilization of the American Indian #174) (Paperback)
By Helen Hornbeck Tanner
Indigenous Food Sovereignty in the United States, 18: Restoring Cultural Knowledge, Protecting Environments, and Regaining Health (New Directions in Native American Studies #18) (Paperback)
By Devon a. Mihesuah (Editor), Elizabeth Hoover (Editor), Winona LaDuke (Foreword by)
The Codex Borgia: A Full-Color Restoration of the Ancient Mexican Manuscript (Dover Fine Art) (Paperback)
By Gisele Díaz, Alan Rodgers
Peoples of the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory (Paperback)
By Kenneth M. Ames, Herbert D. G. Maschner (Joint Author)
The Wisdom of the Native Americans: Including the Soul of an Indian and Other Writings of Ohiyesa and the Great Speeches of Red Jacket, Chief Joseph, (Religion and Spirituality) (Hardcover)
By Kent Nerburn (Editor)


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Eater Interviews
Chef John Besh on Borgne, Now Open Inside the Hyatt
by Alexander Hancock Jan 11, 2012, 9:58am CST
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-ENOLA-
Borgne, the new restaurant by chefs John Besh and Brian Landry, is now taking reservations. They had a soft open this weekend in time for the Saints game, just opening the doors for whatever foot traffic would come through on the way to that and Monday night's BCS game.
The restaurant is supposed to evoke the outdoorsy culture of Southeast Louisiana, especially that of the Isleños, descendants of Canary Islanders who settled St Bernard Parish along Lake Borgne. Led by Landry, formerly of Galatoire's and the Louisiana Seafood Promotion & Marketing Board, this is communal, down home eating?a far cry from the fine dining at Besh's flagship restaurant August.
The team at Borgne was pretty serious about not allowing interior shots of the restaurant until they're totally satisfied with it, but Eater did get the chance to chat with Besh by phone yesterday to talk about his vision for the restaurant, his relationship with Brian Landry and opening weekend.
Did you watch the LSU game the other night?
Can't you tell from my voice that I did? Yeah I watched it. It was awful, awful, awful. But we still have our Saints, so it's okay.
So how's it going, other than that? Busy with the opening?
Yeah, it's been crazy. We opened a couple of days ago, and on day one we did over a thousand people. Then day two was Sunday, day three was the national championship game and again we had so many people coming through.
But Brian Landry, the chef there, he's not only one of the best chefs I know but he's so grounded and one of the best people I know, so this has been great. This is really his passion: the great seafood restaurants that we were raised on growing up in Louisiana. With the evolution of restaurants, places like this no longer exist, but I wanted to help him achieve his goals and bring back these great New Orleans seafood restaurants. Working with him has been unlike any other opening I've been a part of.
His background must really help, of course.
Well, working at Galatoire's, he's used to working in busy kitchens. Stuff like this, it always sort of throws my system into shock. I've always wanted to keep things simple. Like when I bought August from the investors, I removed 5 tables from the dining room in order to just streamline things, make it simpler and more intimate. Borgne isn't like that at all, and Brian's handled it really well.
So you actually got it open this past weekend?
Yeah, we just opened the doors?not for reservations but we just let people come through. We found that a lot of people wanted to come and hang out and then head to the game, but ended up just staying. Our general manager said it was like a Saints clubhouse in there Saturday night, with people crowding around the TV screens and yelling and high-fiving and just hanging out. And that's really what this is all about. A good portion of the menu, especially the appetizers, is meant to be shared. We're trying to introduce duck and fish camp food into a restaurant atmosphere. We haven't opened it up to reservations or business lunch yet, but we'll see how that goes.
So far, though, people get it. Sean Payton and Kenny Chesney came in on Saturday after the game and had a private party with some snacks and just hung out. And people who were there eating and knew each other would put the tables together and share food and have fun. This place, it's all about people coming together over food.
When did you start thinking about opening up a concept like this?
Well, Brian and I have been friends for years. I've known him since he was in high school?I was well out of high school by that time, but I've known him since he was 15 or 16. His family and my family, they're really close. I've loved the guy since day one. When we started thinking about this, he really wanted to do a restaurant for him, a quintessential New Orleans seafood restaurant. I like that really refined stuff, you know, I love a place like August, but this is what I grew up eating. And when we started to really think about it, we asked, "Well what are we missing in New Orleans?" This is really what made sense.
And the owners of the Hyatt have been friends for years. We were talking about doing something there, but then the hurricane happened and all plans got put on hold. When they came back and started talking about their plans, I thought, "Oh, you're crazy," because there wasn't anything there. But as it came along, I think it's come at the perfect time for the city. The city's grown as much as it could grow out towards the Superdome, and I think this is the perfect restaurant for the occasion. You know, it's not a restaurant for a romantic dinner, gazing into each other's eyes, that sort of thing. You can do that of course, but here it's more about people coming together in this other way.
And now, what's the Isleños influence on the menu?
It's just because of Lake Borgne. I've always thought that we discounted the Spanish influence on Louisiana culture, especially in St. Bernard. So Brian took his sous chefs to the Canary Islands to get an understanding of that food and where it came from, and then be able to produce food that really honors that influence. I've never been to the Canary Islands?I've been all over France and to Spain, but never to the Canary Islands. But he's the chef, so I wanted him to get that experience.
And there's a lot of stuff there that he found in that trip that's really pretty familiar, that feel like things you could get here or you would see in Mexico or wherever [...] For example, they've got ropa vieja, which is very different there than it is in Cuban restaurants. Or there's suckling pig empañadas, which are basically just like our meat pies?there's lots of little things like that speckled throughout that don't seem like Spanish food because it's Louisiana food.
And y'all start taking reservations [today]?
Yeah. We still have a little work to do, some things are still missing. We wanted to open this past weekend but not do a big grand opening with all the bigwigs and stuff. With the holidays, a lot of deliveries got slowed down, and then with the National Championship, it just made sense to do it this way.
· Borgne Restaurant [Official Site]
· All John Besh Coverage on Eater NOLA
601 Loyola Avenue, , LA 70113 (504) 613-3860 Visit Website
601 Loyola Ave., New Orleans, LA


AN ACT MAKING AN APPROPRIATION OF SPECIAL FUNDS TO DEFRAY THE EXPENSES OF THE MISSISSIPPI EMPLOYMENT SECURITY COMMISSION FOR FISCAL YEAR 1998.
SECTION 3. In addition to any other funds appropriated herein, the following sum, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Unemployment Trust Fund, made available to this state under Section 903 of the Social Security Act, as amended, to the Employment Security Commission to be deposited in the Employment Security Administration Fund for use by the Employment Security Commission, under the direction of the Office of Building, Grounds and Real Property Management to acquire lands and construct buildings thereon or improve existing buildings to be used as offices, for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1997, and ending June 30, 1998	$ 700,000.00.
SECTION 4. The money herein appropriated under the provisions of Section 3 shall be requisitioned by the Employment Security Commission from the Unemployment Trust Fund maintained by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States as needed for the payment of obligations incurred under this appropriation, and such monies shall be deposited in the Employment Security Administration Fund in accordance with the provisions of Section 71-5-457, Mississippi Code of 1972.
SECTION 5. In addition to any other funds appropriated herein, the following sum, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of funds in the Special Employment Security Administration Fund to the Employment Security Commission for its use as provided in Section 71-5-114, Mississippi Code of 1972, for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1997, and ending June 30, 1998	$1,200,000.00.
SECTION 6. The money herein appropriated under the provisions of Section 5 shall be requisitioned by the Employment Security Commission from the Special Employment Security Administration Fund as needed for the payment of obligations incurred under this appropriation, and such monies requisitioned shall be deposited in the Employment Security Administration Fund upon receipt.
SECTION 7. The money herein appropriated under the provisions of Sections 1, 3 and 5 shall be paid by the State Treasurer out of any money in the State Treasury to the credit of the Mississippi Employment Security Commission Administrative Fund, upon warrants issued by the State Fiscal Officer; and the State Fiscal Officer shall issue his warrants upon requisitions signed by the proper person, officer or officers in the manner provided by law.


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Home » Art » Chris Burden: The Artist Who Shot Himself
Chris Burden: The Artist Who Shot Himself
Posted by ArtLark on April 11, 2021 in Art, Art History, Morality, Psychology, Sociology | 1 Comment
On the 11th of April 1946, the American performance artist Chris Burden was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the US. " Among other things, Burden has been described as a masochist; an avant-garde novitiate; a social therapist; an existential populist; a hero; the alter ego of the biblical Samson; a helpless, passive victim; a heroic victim; an anthropologist; someone inclined toward the scientist, engineer, inventor, tinkerer; a victim-by-request; the hero of an impossible quest (a modern Don Quixote); a voluntary scapegoat; and a survivalist." (Frazer Ward, Watching "Shoot", October, Vol. 95, Winter, 2001).
So, what has he done to earn all of these epithets? Above all, Burden should be noted for the extreme courage in incorporating his own body into the aesthetic experience of suffering. Burden is one of the very few artists bravely transgressing the boundaries, limitations and definitions of art, causing, subsequently, some confusion as to the meaning of art per se. Officially known as "the artist who shot himself", in 1971, he performed an act of being shot in his left arm by his friend standing five metres away from him. The performance took place in a gallery space to an audience of ten people. Asked to comment on the performance, Burden simply said: "At 7:45 p.m. I was shot in the left arm by a friend. The bullet was a copper jacket 22 long rifle. My friend was standing about fifteen feet from me." (Chris Burden, "Chris Burden: Original Texts 1971-1995").This commentary sounds awfully cold and emotionless, one could say almost journalistic, revealing probably the artist's motives behind the performance. Burden's premeditated act of shooting himself, devoid of any personal insight into the physical experience of what it feels like to be shot, challenged what was happening in American media at the time. Footage of the Vietnam War, presented to the public in a cold almost mechanical manner, became simply another product of mass consumption incorporated into daily lives of American people. And so, Burden wanted to capture this kind of objectification of suffering. In an interview to the Avalanche magazine (Avalanche 8, Summer/Fall 1973) he sparingly explains his idea behind the performance:
WS: You didn't think it was dangerous?
CB: I knew it was dangerous but I figured it would work out perfectly, the bullet would just nick the side of my arm. It didn't work out that way, but it wasn't a bad wound.
WS: So it doesn't matter much to you whether it's a nick or it goes through your arm.
CB: No. It's the idea of being shot to be hit.
WS: Mmmmm. Why is that interesting?
CB: Well, it's something to experience. How can you know what it feels like to be shot if you don't get shot? It seems interesting enough to be worth doing it.
WS: Most people don't want to be shot.
CB: Yeah, but everybody watches it on TV every day.
LB: Do you think your work is a criticism of vicarious experience, in a sense?
CB: A criticism of vicarious experience?
LB: Because you were also saying earlier that most people's knowledge of some extreme conditions is only second hand through the media.
CB: Yes, I think that's true.
The media coverage that followed his performance turned Burden partially into a madman-masochist, and partially into a hero. The questions that it opened up were concerned with not only the aesthetic qualities of the experience but most of all with its moral and ethical context. "Burden did not shoot himself, he was shot by a friend, and the audience gathered to see it happen. When this is emphasized, different questions emerge. How could someone be persuaded to shoot his friend? Why were audience members prepared to let it happen? Questions like these suggest that what remains compelling in Shoot is not its physical violence, but its violently negative inference of an ideal public realm." (Ward).Therefore, similarly to Marina Abramovic's Rhythm 0:1974, Shoot put the audience in an awkward position as witnesses and simultaneously silent contributors to an act of violence, revealing a truth much more shocking than the performance itself, about the weakness of human psychological and moral condition.
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Becoming Middlebrow April 11, 2014
I saw Burden's retrospect at the New Museum last year, his later career is large scale sculptures. From the body to the car, it was interesting to see. Great article! Take a moment to read my recent review of NYC performance art: http://wp.me/p2T9h4-bt
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