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BUILDING A PAN-EUROPEAN DEFENSE SYSTEM (PART B INTERNAL POLICY)
(CLICKING ON THE TITLE WE ARE REDIRECTED TO NATO'S WEBPAGE FOR CYBER DEFENSE )
E-DEFENSE MUST BE ORGANIZED THE SOONEST AT EU/EC-DG-ICT AT R&D LEVEL,SO THAT CITIZENS TO FEEL SECURE.
CIVIL SOCIETY,UNIVERSITIES,PRIVATE COMPANIES (CLUSTERS,SME),REGIONS ,NATIONAL STATES AND OTHER IMPORTANT STAKEHOLDERS SHOULD GATHER AND BEGIN DISCUSSIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH AN AMBITIOUS TARGET ON BEHALF OF EUROPEAN UNION AND ITS PARTNERS.
Who controls the internet?
Squared-jawed, with four stars decorating each shoulder, General Keith Alexander looks like a character straight out of an old American war movie. But his old-fashioned appearance belies the fact that the general has a new job that is so 21st-century it could have been dreamed up by a computer games designer. Alexander is the first boss of USCybercom, the United States Cyber Command, in charge of the Pentagon's sprawling cyber networks and tasked with battling unknown enemies in a virtual world.
Last year, US Defense Secretary Robert Gates declared cyberspace to be the "fifth domain" of military operations, alongside land, sea, air and space. It is the first man-made military domain, requiring an entirely new Pentagon command. That went fully operational a week ago, marking a new chapter in the history of both warfare and the world wide web.
In his confirmation hearing, General Alexander sounded the alarm, declaring that the Pentagon's computer systems "are probed 250,000 times an hour, up to six million per day", and that among those attempting to break in were "more than 140 foreign spy organisations trying to infiltrate US networks". Congress was left with a dark prophecy ringing in its ears: "It's only a small step from disrupting to destroying parts of the network."
In three short decades, the internet has grown from the realm of geeks and academics into a vast engine that regulates and influences global commercial, political, social and now military interaction. Neuroscientists tell us that it is changing the development of our cerebral wiring in childhood and adolescence. Social scientists and civil libertarians warn that our privacy is being eroded, as ever more of our life is mediated by the web. It should probably come as no surprise that governments believe control of this epoch-making technology is far too important to be left in the hands of idiots like you and me.
If states start monitoring the internet, what does it means for the average user? President Obama has stated that his administration's pursuit of cybersecurity "will not include – I repeat, will not include – monitoring private sector networks or internet traffic". But not everyone is so sanguine. Richard Clarke, adviser to four presidents and the author of Cyber War, supports US plans to beef up its cyber defences but even he is worried about USCybercom. "We created a new military command," he wrote, "to conduct a new kind of high-tech war, without public debate, media discussion, serious congressional oversight, academic analysis or international dialogue."
Very few people understand cybersecurity. It is technologically complex and the network environment in which it operates changes at lightning speed. So governments are granting themselves new powers to intervene in computer networks without anyone, including themselves, fully appreciating what their implications are.
The establishment of USCybercom is just one element in an eye-popping expansion of security, which includes beefing up the cyber capacity of the Department of Homeland Security to deal with threats to the US's domestic cyber networks. These moves will lead to a much deeper apparatus of control and monitoring of internet activity by the US.
Some specialists argue that the gargantuan security systems involved simply will not work, and that bureaucrats and corporations are encouraging a new round of profligacy to line their pockets. Civil liberty advocates worry that General Alexander's new cyber command could dodge privacy laws to monitor our e-mails and social networking activities. And despite Obama's reassurances about such an Orwellian scenario, so much of Alexander's written testimony to Congress has been labelled classified that nobody outside the Pentagon and the White House quite knows what the military cyber strategy involves.
The US is not alone in trying to muscle in on the web: across the world, states are trying to assert their authority over the communications of individuals and private companies.
The United Arab Emirates has been in dispute with Research in Motion, the Canadian manufacturer of the BlackBerry, for the past six months. The government in Abu Dhabi demanded that the company either lift the e-mail encryption on BlackBerries or establish a local server so the authorities could monitor the traffic going into, out of and across the country. Otherwise, Abu Dhabi warned, all BlackBerry communication in the country would be stopped. RIM had refused to budge (despite the fact that it had already agreed to allow China, India and Saudi Arabia access to unencrypted messages). The UAE government announced yesterday (Oct 8) that the threat to suspend BlackBerry services had been lifted as the provider now complied with the Gulf state's regulatory framework.
Some security experts believe that the UAE's real concern may be more complex than who says what on their BlackBerries. Tony Yustein, an IT security consultant who has advised the FBI, comments: "More important is the knowledge that the data is not 100 per cent secure in Canada, and that the US can access this data. So the US can monitor communications inside the Emirates."
BlackBerry is just the opening shot. India said last month it intends to ask Google and Skype to set up servers inside its borders so that it can monitor traffic over Gmail and Skype's internet telephone system. Other countries seem set to follow.
Iran appears to be in two minds about whether to embrace or stymie technological progress. On the one hand, Twitter accounts helped the opposition mobilise demonstrations in the wake of last year's contested presidential election and so the authorities blocked the service sporadically. On the other hand, by monitoring Twitter traffic, Tehran was able to identify who was organising the protests.
Taken together, these incidents demonstrate how states are building walls around the internet to regulate what information circulates in their country. The internet is being separated into a series of national intranets that reflect cultural, political and security concerns. "As cyber security and national security become ever more entwined, an increasing number of countries may impose censorship," says Rex Hughes, a Cambridge academic who heads Chatham House's project on Britain's cyber defences. "A number of countries have already gone down this route."
Try accessing YouTube in Turkey, for example, and you get a message saying that it is banned. In China, the BBC website is often offline – especially when there is a big Chinese story in the news. Nor is the US immune to censorship, having forced the removal of .com websites advertising travel to Cuba from Europe.
Russia has a slightly different approach. It has built up a monumental Big Brother appartus that goes under the acronym SORM-2. A copy of every little byte that goes in, out or across Russia is copied to a central storage computer in Moscow under the control of the FSB, the KGB's successor. Should the organisation ever need the co-operation of a fellow citizen, then the information stored on the FSB's computers can provide useful leverage to overcome any reluctance.
It is easy to understand why the paranoid elites of Iran, Burma and Belarus might be monitoring the internet as closely as they do. But why are the military and security services in the west starting to divert so much of their resources into what is known soothingly as "information assurance"?
A series of events has shaken America's cyber confidence. One of the most dramatic occurred in 2008 when a US soldier based in the Middle East unwittingly plugged an infected memory stick into one of the Pentagon's laptops. A malicious computer code, explained US Deputy Secretary of Defense William Lynn III, "spread undetected on both classified and unclassified systems, establishing what amounted to a digital beachhead, from which data could be transferred to servers under foreign control". It was, he said, their "worst fear: a rogue program operating silently, poised to deliver operational plans into the hands of an unknown adversary".
The incident led directly to the establishment of USCybercom and it explains why General Alexander insists that his primary job will be "defensive", ensuring that the Pentagon's seven million computers, grouped into 15,000 networks that provide the backbone for 4,000 military installations worldwide, can withstand the avalanche of daily probes and attacks. But the general has also said that the US needs to guarantee its "superiority" in cyberspace – although he emphasised that this is not the same as "supremacy" or "dominance".
This reflects a real fear on the part of the US that the internet is slipping from its control. Until now, the country's dynamic technological base, alongside the immense power of companies such as Google and Microsoft, have ensured its influence over the world wide web. Maintaining that influence appears to have become a central goal of the Obama administration. The day after Google announced that it and several other companies had fallen victim to a systematic cyber attack by China in December last year, Hillary Clinton, secretary of state gave a speech attacking countries seeking to restrict freedom on the internet.
The message to the Chinese was clear: "The US government considers Google and its ilk to be part of the country's strategic infrastructure and we will march in step with them around the world." Under the stewardship of Eric Schmidt, Google's presence in Washington has become so ubiquitous that a jealous Microsoft manager quipped to me recently: "the US government, fronted by Obama, powered by Google".
US military and law enforcement agencies such as the FBI enjoy privileged access to data stored by American.com companies, including Google and Facebook, the world's two largest depositories of personal data. If the Feds are hunting a Russian cyber criminal who has a Facebook account, they can be in there with a judge's warrant within a day. If a German police officer asked for a similar favour from Facebook, the process could take months.
But there are areas where American control over the administration of the web is slipping. Under pressure from foreign governments, notably China, Icann, the US-based independent body that stipulates how the addresses of websites can be formulated, announced that from now on it will allow the use of most major language scripts – Cyrillic, Chinese and Arabic, among them.
US defence hawks regard this as a disaster. Writing in the Harvard Security Journal, Dan Geer, whose company has advised the CIA on computer security, called it "the single most criminogenic act ever taken in or around the digital world". He argues that it will be even easier for cyber warriors to launch an attack while disguising their location.
For the moment though, the US appears to enjoy the most advanced "offensive" military capability on the internet. But countries such as China, India, France and Israel are catching up and you don't need much to be a player in this game. As the security industry repeatedly stresses, all it takes is one smart guy and a laptop to cause trouble.
And there's plenty of trouble out there. Western governments cite three central threats that justify the increased presence of military, intelligence and law enforcement agencies in cyberspace: crime, commercial espionage and warfare.
Many ordinary people can testify to the sheer audacity of web criminals. In September, Roger Mildenhall, an Australian living in South Africa, got a phone call telling him that one of his two Perth properties had been sold and that contracts were about to be exchanged on the other. Mildenhall thought the call was a joke, for he had no intention of selling either property. It emerged that Nigerian cyber criminals had seized his digital identity and obtained copies of the title deeds to his two houses. The proceeds, nearly A$500,000 (£300,000), were transferred to a bank in China, from where the funds were laundered.
Criminal threats such as this, new security measures and the global growth of web censorship are already changing how we use the internet. We will find ever larger areas of the net difficult to access and we will have to sacrifice some convenience as institutions force us to assume greater responsibility for our own security. Already some banks, such as HSBC, insist that customers install proper security software on their PCs, otherwise they will not reimburse them if they fall victim to cyber crime.
Undeniably, banks lose most money from cyber attacks because of the sloppiness of their customers. But the banks, too, need to clean up their act. "Financial institutions must invest more in next-generation internet banking technologies and consumers must take a more informed attitude towards the types of e-commerce sites they visit," says Rex Hughes of Chatham House. "Today, organised crime clearly has the upper hand in online banking but better engineering, regulation and user education can help to restore order in financial cyberspace."
Last week's bust of an east European gang, which made at least $70m using the notorious malware known as Zeus, proved the point. The hackers targeted small businesses and institutions, knowing that they would have a weak cyber defence in place.
China has argued that the next generation of computer users will need to pass the equivalent of a driving test before its members are allowed to surf parts of the web essential for day-to-day life. The idea has triggered a huge backlash among civil libertarians worldwide who warn that such a move would undermine completely the very freedoms that the internet was designed to promote.
According to a Data Breach report published by US telecom company Verizon, commercial espionage accounts for a third of illegal activity on the web. When criminals break into a company's computer system to steal information, it's mainly employees' lax working practices that allow them to do so – people using virus-infected memory sticks that they have received as a gift, for example. Although industrial spying is rife, targeted companies like to keep it quiet. Telling the world that your company is vulnerable to cyber attacks does not inspire investor and customer confidence.
Where the military is responsible for cyber defence and cyber warfare, law enforcement agencies such as the FBI and Britain's Serious Organised Crime Agency hunt down cyber criminals. The large security companies such as McAfee and Symantec look after private clients threatened by industrial spies. But no act of cyber crime, espionage or warfare can be mounted without the involvement at some point of skilled hackers – often ones who deploy their skills across the board.
Opposing them are the world's intelligence services. Spook central in Britain is the Government Communications Headquarters, housed in "the Donut", a purpose-built circular structure on the outskirts of Cheltenham. Almost 5,000 spies and geeks sift huge amounts of data gathered globally from the internet and mobile communications devices to assess cyber threats facing Britain and its allies. The atmosphere inside is curiously relaxed, with a lot of young people using break-out areas and hot-desking, rather like a successful dotcom start-up. Yet this is one of the most secure facilities in the country, and one that gives Britain a huge advantage in defending itself against modern crime, terror and war. "If you look at cyber capacity of individual countries," Tony Yustein, the security consultant, told me, "I would say Israel – I mean of course Mossad – are the best; the United States is second not because of the CIA but because of the National Security Agency; and then Britain, MI5, MI6 and GCHQ, is a strong third." Drawing on this pedigree, GCHQ's primary aim is to spot and stop the 20 per cent of nasty stuff on the web that sensible ordinary measures such as anti-virus programs cannot prevent.
Washington is overflowing with doomsayers. In February, Mike McConnell, a retired vice-admiral and George W. Bush's intelligence chief, informed Congress that if America became involved in a cyber war now, "we would lose". He added that "a major cyber attack could shut down our nation's most critical infrastructure – our power grid, telecommunications, financial services". There is a danger with such rhetoric of crying wolf. According to Amrit Williams, a specialist with IBM and one of cyber security's most astute observers: "There is no question that we have a very serious problem; the increased reliance on technology, the ubiquitous nature of broadband connectivity and more digital commerce all create an environment that will breed increasingly sophisticated crime." But he warns that deploying the so-called "Fear, uncertainty and doubt (FUD) strategy of rhetoric doesn't work – it drives up hysteria".
Nonetheless, following the emergence of Stuxnet this summer, there can no longer be any ambiguity about whether military cyber security is an issue for governments. This complex virus directly targets Siemens-designed software in industrial systems, allowing the malware to take control of power plants. Although it has been found across the world, many believe the virus's primary target was Iran's Bushehr nuclear reactor. The infection of employees' laptops has led to cries of western sabotage from Iranian government officials.
As investigations continue, even the most sober voices are agreed: Stuxnet has stepped up the cyber arms race by two or three notches. "This virus could only have been developed by a team of sophisticated security professionals with time and money at their disposal," explains Mikko Hyppönen, chief research officer for F-Secure, the Finnish-based computer security company. He believes Stuxnet's sponsor was a state, not a group of random hackers. "We have known about it for several months and still haven't managed to decode it fully." What this means, he says, "is that we now have proof that states are investing serious resources into the development of next-generation viruses. It is without question the most significant virus we have seen in a decade." It is also our most significant indication to date that the struggle for control of the internet is just beginning.
Misha Glenny's 'McMafia: Seriously Organised Crime' is published by Vintage
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Blood and urine samples are collected for hormone testing.
Saliva samples can be used to analyze hormone levels in the body.
Hormone tests are often ordered by endocrinologists.
Hormone testing is a form of medical testing which is used to analyze hormone levels in the body. It can be performed in a laboratory using samples of saliva, blood, or urine, depending on the hormone of interest, and it is usually ordered by an endocrinologist in the process of diagnosing and treating a patient. General physicians and other doctors can also request hormone testing and several labs accept samples collected by patients who want to monitor their hormone levels.
There are a number of reasons to request hormone testing. When a patient presents with a condition which indicates an imbalance of hormones, a physician may ask for hormone testing to determine whether or not the hormones are imbalanced, and if so, by how much. The testing can also be used to investigate the function of specific glands which are responsible for producing hormones.
When patients have tumors in areas like the pituitary gland, lymph gland, or adrenal gland, a doctor may use hormone testing to look at how the tumor is affecting the glandular function, and to arrive at a course of treatment which could be appropriate for the patient. Hormone testing is also used to determine the appropriate dosages in hormone replacement therapy and to monitor such therapy to ensure that it is progressing as expected.
Some conditions are naturally linked with changes in hormone levels, such as menopause and puberty. In these cases, abnormalities may be related to issues with hormone production, in which case hormone testing can help a doctor get to the bottom of the cause of the abnormality, and develop an appropriate course of treatment. People with conditions such as Klinefelter's Syndrome can also benefit from hormone testing, as can individuals undergoing therapy as part of a transition from one gender to another.
Conditions such as infertility and delayed growth can also be related to hormonal imbalances, making hormone testing a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of such medical issues. In some cases, the testing may simply rule out a hormonal imbalance as the cause, but this is still an important step in the process of diagnosis. Other patients may receive hormone testing and learn that their problem can be readily addressed with hormone replacement or medications which can adjust hormone levels.
Costs for hormone tests vary, depending on the hormone being screened for, and the method of sample collection. Because this type of testing is recognized as a valid and important part of the diagnostic process, most insurance companies will agree to pay for the testing.
How do Doctors Use Hormone Replacement Therapy After a Hysterectomy?


Kunsthall Trondheim invites you to presentation of Spirit Labour (2016) by Hugo Glendinning and Adrian Heathfield. The presentation is in connection with Multiplié Dance Festival, and can be viewed until May 16.
What kind of labour is it, to work communally with the bodies, movements, expressions and affects of others, to dedicate one's lifework to the othering that issues from these relations? Is a life – especially a life spent making, learning, giving and transforming oneself with others – a kind of infrastructure? How might we better understand and value the social and artistic force of such practices?
These questions are at the core in Adrian Heathfield and Hugo Glendinning's work Spirit Labour, which traces and connects some exemplary artistic figures (Anna Halprin and Hélène Cixous) of the late 20th and early 21st century. Articulating the artists' work as a form of what Heathfield calls 'spirit labour', the film acts as a powerful counter to notions of art as subservient to the spirit of capital.
The presentation is in collaboration with Multiplié Dance Festival (April 10 – April 14). Since the late 1930s Anna Halprin (b. 1920) has been creating revolutionary directions for dance, inspiring artists in all fields. Through her students Trisha Brown, Yvonne Rainer, and Simone Forti, Anna strongly influenced New York's Judson Dance Theater, one of the seedbeds of postmodern dance. Defying traditional notions of dance, Anna has extended its boundaries to address social issues, build community and foster both physical and emotional healing.
Spirit Labour was commissioned by freethought for the Bergen Assembly 2016.
Adrian Heathfield is a curator and writer, and works mainly with live art, performance and dance. He co-curated Live Culture (Tate Modern, 2003), Performance Matters (2009-2014) and a number of other performance and durational events in European cities over the last sixteen years. Heathfield is a part of the collective freethought (with Irit Rogoff, Stefano Harney, Massimilliano Mollona, Louis Moreno and Nora Sternfeld), which curated a program with exhibitions, discussions, screenings, publications and commissions for the Bergen Assembly, September 2016. Heathfield is Professor of Performance and Visual Culture at the University of Roehampton in London.
Hugo Glendinning is a photographer. His output stretches across the cultural industries from fine art collaborations in video and photography, through production and performance documentation. Glendinning has worked with the leading British theatre and dance companies, and his work has been published and exhibited internationally.


I'll never forget my dad's stern voice on the other end of the phone. He was rightfully concerned for my welfare. My mom's welfare. His grandson's welfare. And all of our safety.
The words "trip from hell" reverberated in my head for the next few days as our designated day of departure from South Carolina drew closer. I contemplated his generous offer until I discovered most airlines will not fly short-nosed breeds (our bulldog mix Agnes falls under this category) because they are prone to respiratory issues. So driving it was going to be.
My husband received a job offer he couldn't refuse last July. We discussed the opportunity over several months (the application was a long, drawn-out one) and what it would involve: us dealing with the logistics of a cross-country move and putting our house on the market. And oh, did I mention GIVING BIRTH AND PARENTING OUR FIRST CHILD!?
Well, he did. And little did I know what a monstrosity it would be juggling our colicky newborn, showing our house to a circus of potential buyers and dealing with movers and packing. I look back and laugh at the outrageousness of those couple of months from when we had LG to when I left South Carolina. Driving 2,400 miles to San Diego ended up being the easiest part. With a lot of help from my mom and Agnes, we sped through seven cities in as many nights and I am somehow here to write about it. If you're wondering why MainMan wasn't on our trip, there was no way all five of us (three humans and two pets) were fitting in one vehicle, so we decided to split up. MainMan, his dad and Bode (our tabby cat) drove out first. MainMan started working at the end of September and my mom and I started our trip the first week of October.
First, a small shout-out goes to Jillian Benfield. I don't know her, but I found her blog post by Googling "how to drive cross-country with a baby" and I tried to follow all of her advice. I bought the exact same carseat toy bar. I found a great kid's music CD by accident at Target and it was a lifesaver. I had never heard of Laurie Berkner before now, but she's become a family favorite for life. We had plenty of formula for emergencies and disposable changing pads for blowouts and the scary, ghetto bathrooms we'd encounter along the way (though we did most diaper changes in the car).
I'd driven cross-country with Agnes once before (and this was my third time doing it) so I didn't have any worries about how she'd handle the trip. I just made sure I had plenty of kibble for her meals, water bowls, her fleece blanket, a sheet so she could sleep on the bed with me, this nifty dog water bottle, her favorite Trader Joe's jerky sticks and a couple of bones she could nibble on/consume in the backseat if she got bored and started whining.
If you're ever wild enough to attempt what we did in the first few months of a newborn's life, here are some tips in case I can be someone else's guiding light (as Jillian was for me).
1. Keep your expectations low. Like sub-sea level low. (Are you in Death Valley? That's not low enough.) As my dad foresaw, I planned on this drive being the trip from hell. I expected LG to cry 90 percent of the way each day. I hoped to maybe make it an hour in the car in between feedings. I didn't know if we'd make it 75 miles each day. And my bladder is now weaker than a Chili's margarita so I had no idea how it would be timing my potty breaks with baby's feeding breaks and diaper changes. LG barely napped at home for any stretch at that point so we were really rolling the dice.
2. Keep the music loud and playing. My mom and I quickly discovered if we sang louder than LG cried he was likely to stop to listen to the commotion. My mom and I sang in choirs growing up so at least LG wasn't subjected to tone/rhythm-deaf melodies. But I do hope we didn't do permanent damage to his hearing while belting "Over in the meadow…" and other kiddie tunes throughout the rides each day (when he was awake, of course).
3. Diapers. Diapers. Diapers. Wipes. Diapers. I know this sounds counter-intuitive, but don't count on gas stations to carry you or your LO's favorite brands. We made sure we had plenty for the trip, and thereby minimizing Yelping the nearest Walmart/Targets at every turn.
4. For us, hotels with exterior corridors were key (as in, the kind where you can pull your car right up to your door). We wanted to be able to easily unload everyone (and everything) and settle in without the fuss of going through a lobby and/or into an elevator. We had so much stuff. Every nook and cranny of my SUV was stuffed with all kinds of baby accessories I felt we couldn't live without. And almost every night my poor mom would unload all the bags we had shoved into my car while I nursed a baby who was tired and really disgusted at us for keeping him in a carseat for nearly five to six hours. Also, if you're able to call ahead for a room, request corner rooms, particularly if you have a loud baby who's waking up several times each night. There were a few places where I was afraid of our neighbors and didn't know what would happen if they heard LG's cries through the thin hotel walls.
5. Once you get into a groove, depending on how long your total drive is, stick to an average mileage every day. You and your co-travelers will thank you. We realized we could make it about 400 miles every day, which normally involved two or three stops. LG was such a rockstar, my mom and I were so proud of him. He really only had 2-3 unstoppable fits in the car. LG would sleep about two hours give or take after eating and getting a clean diaper. It was a miracle if we could get him to stay sleeping past the two-hour mark. And usually, like clockwork, he would start screaming the loudest when we were five to 10 minutes away from our destination for the night.
6. Having booze and meals prepped would have been really smart, but we didn't have room for a cooler so we ate out almost every night. There were several nights where all I wanted was a beer or a glass of wine, or a really stiff martini, but I lacked the energy to seek them once we'd made it to our hotel. Some nights we had nuts and fruit for dinner because we couldn't find anything near our hotels. One night we braved it to a nearby Italian restaurant with LG on my stomach in the carrier, but he squealed as soon as I sat down so I ended up taking the pasta back to the hotel with me in a container while my mom finished her meal solo. The town we were in was also dry. I didn't understand what that meant so I asked the waitress and she gave me a gentle but incredulous reply, "NO alcohol." I also remember making my poor mom go on beer/wine runs one or two times throughout the trip. If LG was the trooper, my mom was Phyllis Nefler.
7. Don't leave home without the portable crib, or whatever your LO is used to sleeping in, and a noisemaker. When we left South Carolina, LG was about 6 weeks old. He was sleeping maybe two to three hours at a time in either the DockATot or the Rock 'n Play. I recommend either for the littlest babies (check out the following link for more products I recommend for newborns). We would bring both into the hotel rooms each night and it was a total crapshoot which one he'd prefer sleeping in, but I liked having both options. And the noisemaker will just help them tune out what you're doing if they go to sleep on the earlier side.
8. Disconnect your phone from your vehicle's Bluetooth. I remember learning this the hard way when LG was passed out and I was listening to music on low and suddenly the whole car blew up for a phone call. I was so angry at myself for forgetting to do this.
9. Open windows and loud trucks are good pacifiers. I can remember a few times where I trailed a truck because I felt the loud noise soothed LG to sleep. We encountered a couple of storms on the way and my mom insisted on keeping the windows open because "He LOVES it!" I'll tell you what I didn't love, getting pelted in the face with rain drops.
10. Have a few extra water bottles on hand if you plan on feeding your baby formula. This will allow your fellow adult passenger the ability to prep a bottle at any time without worrying about when the next access to a sink will be. And if you're planning on nursing, even in a vehicle, the swaddles are key so Mr. Trucker pumping gas next to you doesn't get a free peep show.
11. If you're traveling with another adult, plan on them sitting in the back with your baby. We had LG's carseat set up in the middle. It's a bit of a back-breaker putting it into the middle spot, but worth it to have someone next to him. Even though my mom wasn't always able to stop the tears, I think it would have been much worse had LG been sitting alone in the backseat. Before the road trip we had the little backseat mirror in place — another product I recommend even if you're not going on a road trip.
12. Have a positive attitude and keep your sense of humor. After all, everything is temporary. And while you may never forget your baby's wailing just as you pull into a parking spot at the Grand Canyon, he won't remember a thing. Grandma's got this for now. Go get that pre-sunset shot of the Desert View Watchtower.
I remember laughing and crying with my mom at many points along our trip. The words "What are we thinking?" were said about a dozen times. It was a relief getting to California without incident, but I remember saying to my mom on our last night as she was unpacking our belongings for the umpteenth time without complaint, "I can't wait to get there, but as soon as we do I'm going to want to do it all over again." The story of my life.
sooo fun reading your stories! and your back in California, thats great!


The name of the organisation is the William Glasser Institute, Ireland (WGII).
The aim of the Institute is to teach and promote the theories and practices of Choice theory, Reality therapy, Quality Schools and Lead-management allied with the mission statement of the William Glasser Institute (W.G.I.), of which W.G.I.I. is an integral part.
3.1.i Full Accredited Member: Individuals, designated RTP (Reality Therapy Psychotherapist) who have completed their training in Reality Therapy and Choice Theory to a standard accepted by the Accreditation Board of the European Association of Reality Therapy as meeting the accreditation requirements of the European Association of Psychotherapy, and who have paid their annual subscription for the current year.
3.1.ii Full Certified Member: Individuals, designated RTC (Reality Therapy Certified), who have completed their training in Reality Therapy and Choice Theory to Certification, in accordance with the rules and procedures of WGII, and have paid their annual subscriptions for the current year. 3.2 Trainee Member – current trainees who have completed at least a Basic Week.
3.4 Lapsed Member – those who are fully Certified, but have not paid their annual subscrition.
3.6 An Honorary Fellowship, which will include all rights of full membership, may be awarded, on the unanimous vote of the National Executive to certified members who have given distinguished and dedicated service as Full Members for a period of not less than ten years to WGII. Such fellowships will normally be conferred at Annual General Meetings.
3.7 The National Executive has the right to accept or reject applications for membership of the Institute, subject to the requirements outlined in the Membership Document.
3.8 An annual membership subscription, as determined by the National Executive, is payable annually for each category of membership other than Fellowship.
3.9 A Registrar will maintain an updated register of all members and this information will be available for inspection, on request, to any member.
3.10 The membership year shall be from January 1st to December 31st annually.
4.1 The National Executive will administer the Institute in line with policy determined by the Full members of W.G.I.I. at General Meetings and in accord with this Constitution.
4.2 The National Executive will comprise the officers and ordinary members elected at the Annual General Meeting.
4.3 The National Executive will comprise a maximum of 14 Full members, not less than 8 of whom have been directly elected at the Annual General meeting.
4.4 The term of office of the National Executive will run from one Annual General Meeting to the next.
4.5 Nominations to the National Executive, which must be in writing and with the consent of the nominee, shall be sent to the Secretary 28 days prior to the Annual General Meeting, signed and dated by a proposer and seconder who are Full members.
4.6 The National Executive shall have a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, Sectretary, Treasurer, Registrar and other such officers as the National Executive may from time to time determine.
4.7 The Director for Ireland, as appointed from time to time by the parent body, the William Glasser Institute, (W.G.I.), will be an ex-officio Member of the National Executive and one of the 14 members of the National Executive with full voting rights, but may not hold any other office on the National Executive.
4.8 All elections to the National Executive, except that of the Director for Ireland, will be by secret ballot and by means of a single non-transferable vote. Election will only be required where more than the maximum number of members permitted on the National Executive are nominated. Should less than 8 nominations be received in writing by the Secretary, then additional nominations to achieve that number may be taken at the Annual General Meeting.
4.9 Members of the National Executive may not hold the same office for a period greater than three consecutive years and may not regain that office for a further three years.
4.10 The National Executive has the right to set up sub-committees, from time to time, as it deems fit. These sub-committees will be Chaired by a member of the National Executive and will operate under strict terms of reference given in writing to them and in accordance with the policies of WGII.
5.1.1 -will be nominated and elected by the Full members present at the Annual General Meeting from those who have been elected to the National Executive at that meeting, and who have ideally served a minimum of three consecutive years on the National Executive.
5.1.3 -will be the primary representative of the W.G.I.I.
5.1.4 -will carry out the office of Chairperson of the National Executive and of the Annual General Meeting and Extraordinary General Meetings, in accordance with this Constitution and in line with established procedures and precedent for the proper conduct of meetings.
5.1.5 -will oversee the execution of the decisions of the National Executive on all matters pertaining to the affairs of the W.G.I.I.
5.1.6 -will have a casting vote, which he or she is obliged to exercise in the event of a tied vote.
5.1.7 -will also be an ex-officio member of all sub-committees.
5.2 -The Chairperson's word or ruling will be final, providing always it is in accordance with the terms of this Constitution.
5.3 -The Vice-Chairperson shall be elected annually at the first meeting of the incoming National Executive and shall deputise for the Chairperson when not present or when requested by the Chairperson to do so.
5.4 The Treasurer, Secretary and Registrar shall be elected annually at the first meeting of the incoming National Executive and shall carry out such duties as are assigned to them under this Constitution or by the National Executive.
5.5 Other officers will be appointed by the members of the National Executive in response to the needs of the WGII.
5.6 Each officer will be responsible to the National Executive for the proper discharge of his or her duties and may be removed from office by them for failure to do so.
5.7 The National Executive will meet at least three times every year.
5.8 Vacancies arising within the National Executive during a term of office may be filled for the remainder of the period by the National Executive itself by co-option.
6.1 Full Members of W.G.I.I. may apply to the National Executive to form a branch in line with policy established by the Full Members at General Meetings and in accord with this Constitution, subject to ideally having the support of seven full members.
6.2 Branches may organise themselves within their own area to promote the aims of the W.G.I.I. in line with policy established by the Full Members at General Meetings and in accord with this Constitution.
6.3 Each Branch will be required to elect a Chairperson, Secretary and Treasurer.
6.4 Branch affiliation will be approved by the National Executive in line with policy established by the Full Members at General Meetings and in accord with this Constitution.
6.5 Branches will be self-financing with the exception of special projects agreed in advance with the National Executive.
6.6 Each Branch will give an annual progress report, including a financial statement, to the National Executive prior to the Annual General Meeting.
6.7 There will be a meeting of the Branches, twice a year, with one representative selected by each Branch to attend. These meetings will be organised by the Branch Co-ordinator appointed by the National Executive.
7.1 Voting at all meetings – A.G.M., E.G.M., National Executive and Branch – will be confined to Full members.
7.2. Voting will be determined by simple majority unless otherwise stated in this Constitution.
7.3 Minutes of all meetings will be dated and kept by the secretary, or other appointed officer, and these shall contain, as a minimum, all resolutions passed together with the names of proposers and seconders.
7.3.1 Minutes of General Meetings, both Annual or Extraordinary, will be made available by the National Executive to Full members upon request.
7.4.1 The Annual General Meeting is to be held annually or not more than 14 months after the last meeting.
7.4.2 The quorum for the AGM will be not less than 20 full members or 10 per cent of all full members, depending on which is the lower number..
7.4.3 Eight weeks notice shall be given of the AGM to all WGII members.
7.4.4 A copy of the annual accounts will be circulated to all Full members with the Notice of the AGM.
7.4.5 The AGM will be called, on the instruction of the National Executive, by the Secretary or other member of the National Executive designated the task by them.
7.4.6 Only Notices of Motion sent in writing to the Secretary and signed and dated by a proposer and seconder, who must be Full members, will be considered at the AGM.
7.4.7 Such Notices of Motion must be received by the Secretary no later than four weeks prior to the AGM for circulation to Institute members no later than fourteen days prior to the meeting.
7.4.8 The Full members at the AGM, on the recommendation of the National Executive, will appoint an Auditor, who must be a professionally qualified accountant, to carry out an annual Audit of the financial affairs of the WGII. and who shall report to the National Executive.
7.5.1 A minimum of four weeks notice of an EGM will be given to all Institute members advising of its purpose.
7.5.2 An EGM will be called, on the instruction of the National Executive, by the Secretary or other member of the National Executive designated the task by them.
7.5.3 The quorum for an EGM will be not less than 20 full members or 10 per cent of all full members, depending on which is the lower number.
7.6 Voting at General Meetings shall be by means of a valid voting card where a secret ballot is not provided for under this Constitution or voted for by those present at a General Meeting.
7.7 Failure by any member to receive valid notification of an AGM, EGM or meeting of the National Executive, through oversight, postal delay or other means not directly attributable to wilful negligence, as determined by the meeting, will not invalidate the holding of the meeting.
7.8.1 Where possible, eight weeks' notice, in writing, will be given to National Executive members.
7.8.2 Meetings of the National Executive will be called on the instruction of the National Executive by the Secretary or other member designated the task by them.
7.8.3 The quorum for National Executive meetings will be six.
8.1 The National Executive will keep proper books of account on behalf of the WGII.
8.2 All monies raised by or on behalf of the WGII shall be applied to further the aims of the institute in Ireland.
8.3 Bank accounts will be held in the name of the William Glasser Institute, Ireland.
8.4 The National Executive will authorise, in writing, the appointed Treasurer, together with any one of two other members of the National Executive, to sign cheques on behalf of the WGII.
8.5 The National Executive is empowered to borrow funds up to a maximum of £10,000. Larger borrowings must be authorised at an AGM or EGM.
8.6 All assets of the WGII, whether fixed or current, will be vested in the current National Executive and administered by them for the benefit of the members and in accordance with this Constitution.
9.1 Nothing in this constitution will be interpreted as preventing the WGII from becoming a Limited Liability Company, subject first to the agreement of the Full membership as established at an AGM or EGM called for that purpose.
9.2 A proposal to change the Constitution must be received in writing by the Secretary no later than two months prior to either an AGM or specially convened EGM and circulated to members no less than four weeks before the notified date.
9.3 Alterations to this Constitution must receive the assent of no less than two thirds of those members present and eligible to vote at the AGM or EGM.
10.1 If the National Executive, by a simple majority of its Full membership, decides that it is necessary to dissolve the WGII, it will call an EGM for this purpose, giving the necessary notice.
10.2 A motion favouring dissolution must be approved by two-thirds of the Full members present in person at the General Meeting.
10.3 If a motion favouring dissolution is carried, the meeting is charged with making decisions regarding the existing assets and liabilities of the WGII.
There is no ADD or ADHD in the classes of teachers who use choice theory.


However, Duryodhana didn't even bother to listen to the sage, and showed his disrespect all too plainly. Incensed, the sage cursed him and said, "Fourteen years hence, you shall be destroyed in battle by the Pandavas, along with your kinsmen and all that you hold dear. Bheema shall despatch you to the abode of Yama, by breaking your thighs with the mace." Some hold that the curse of this sage played a major part in encompassing the destruction of the Kauravas.


text:
Par Paul
Posted on February 3, 2016 February 7, 2016 by Ryan
Band on the Run | Paul McCartney and Wings | 1973 | Apple | #333
Probably the most frustrating album I've listened to so far. On the one hand there are some really well written melodies and sections of song that give you a glimmer of a hope. This riff is awesome, let's see where it goes. But then invariably the song opens up and reveals itself for the drippy nothingness that it is. It's 1973, where we saw releases of the likes of Pink Floyd's Dark Side of the Moon and The Who's Quadrophenia, it's difficult then to appreciate this album as anything other than a bag of missed opportunities.
"Helen Wheels" is the track where my anger peaked, and is the point in the album where I realised all is lost, we were agonisingly close but there's no time for a recovery now. It perfectly summarises the album; the first 5 seconds opens the track with a bluesy leading riff which builds a sense of anticipation and sets a particular tone, only to then get destroyed when the verse comes in with some generic, strummy pop jingle. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, "Mrs. Vandebilt" opens with a dense bass riff and drum beat which gets you pumped for something that's never delivered. It's almost comical (and massively unsatisfying) how such a good songwriter can produce glimpses of absolute brilliance and yet still end up with something that's only slightly above average.
I get that Paul's a great songwriter and these are great songs if you're a Paul McCartney fan, I suppose, but I came away a little disappointed that there was nothing here to challenge my predisposition, nothing which could forestall the big "Meh" that pops into my head whenever I hear his name. Apparently this is Paul McCartney's most critically acclaimed album post-Beatles which leaves me a little worried about potential future encounters of his other solo stuff. Checks list, nope, we're all good. I just have to be careful to ward off any preconceptions this might conjure before the onslaught of Beatles that's yet to come.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The UFC heads to Hamburg, Germany, for a semi-unusual Sunday UFC Fight Night Card headlined by a scheduled five-round non-title fight between Mauricio "Shogun" Rua against Anthony Smith. Here's a look at the card's top fights and their Mybookie Sportsbook odds. The main card starts at 2 p.m. ET on Fox Sports 1 with Shogun vs Smith as the grand finale.
"Shogun" Rua, from Brazil, is the No. 8 ranked fighter in the division and Smith, an American, is unranked. Smith is the -225 favorite. Rua is probably happy to simply know his opponent. The former UFC light heavyweight champion was to fight contender Volkan Oezdemir in this bout, but the UFC opted to move Volkan to UFC 227 against Alexander Gustafsson. Breaking up a headlining fight on just three weeks' notice is a bit strange. Rua's first scheduled fight against Volkan, set for UFC Fight Night 129 in May, was moved due to Oezdemir's legal/visa issues. "Shogun," meanwhile, was also supposed to have a rematch vs. Ovince Saint Preux at UFC Fight Night 117 in September but was forced to withdraw due to a knee injury that required surgery. The 36-year-old Rua, who had a brief UFC title reign from 2010-2011, has now been out of action since March 2017. He has resurrected his career with a three-fight winning streak that includes victories over Antonio Rogerio Nogueira, Corey Anderson, and Gian Villante. Smith has fought the majority of his career as a 185-pound middleweight and he used to idolize Rua. "Since I moved up to 205, the weight is no longer an issue, and the name literally doesn't matter," Smith said. "You could have said it's Brock Lesnar, and I would have had the same reaction." Smith is coming off an impressive win over another former UFC light heavyweight champ in Rashad Evans in June. An experienced fighter for just 29, Smith wields a well-rounded skill set. Despite his long reach and frame, Smith does a deceptively good job at changing his ranges on strikes mid-stroke or combination. Smith has also shown an improved jab in recent outings. The fight carries additional intrigue for the winner as recently minted dual champ Daniel Cormier is considering Rua as his next opponent, possibly favoring Rua over Gustafsson. If Smith wins, he likely won't get a title shot right away but it should earn him the matchups that will make such an opportunity undeniable.
The Brazilian Teixeira is ranked third in the division and the American Anderson ninth. An argument can be made this should be the headliner. Teixeira is a -165 Mybookie Sportsbook favorite. Teixeira's chances of appearing on this card almost went up in smoke a few weeks ago when his scheduled opponent Ilir Latifi pulled out due to injury. However, the former light heavyweight title challenger's spot in the co-main event was saved when former TUF winner Corey Anderson took the fight on short notice. A perennial contender at 205 pounds, Teixeira has been trying to earn his way back to a title shot for some time now. Teixeira last fought in December, beating Misha Cirkunov by first round TKO. Anderson ended a two-fight losing streak last time out, beating Patrick Cummins in April by decision. Anderson also has fought "Shogun", losing to Rua by split decision at UFC 198. "Overtime" is 7-4 during his promotional tenure and 10-4 as a professional overall. Anderson's striking volume has won him many rounds in the octagon, his transition game glues everything together. A more traditional stalker, Teixeira will steadily come forward as he, too, looks to bring pressure.
Tybura, from Poland, is ranked No. 9 at heavyweight and Struve is No. 13. Tybura is the -250 favorite at Mybookie.ag. Both are coming off back-to-back losses. In his last outing, Tybura was stopped in the third round by Derrick Lewis at UFC Fight Night 126. In the bout prior, he fell to Fabricio Werdum via unanimous decision. Tybura cut his teeth in the M-1 Global promotion, winning and defending their heavyweight crown. Although his UFC results have been mixed, "Tybur" has nonetheless proved himself a top 10 fighter due to the high-level of competition faced. The Pole has finished 13 of his victories. Struve lost to former UFC heavyweight champion Andrei Arlovski by unanimous decision at UFC 222. Before that, he was finished by Alexander Volkov via third-round TKO. On the bright side, the defeats came to a fairly high-level of competition, Struve was competitive and his lights were never completely put out. Struve has a huge reach which he uses less for his striking but more to wrap up submissions. He has finished 17 wins by submission. Tybura is no slouch on the ground and won't be put off by the assets of the towering Struve.
Take Rua for the minor upset – not sure it really is – but the favorites in the other two bouts.


1935 House Bill 0891. An Act Requiring Authorization By The Board Of Aldermen Of The City Of Somerville Previous To The Awarding Of Certain Contracts By Said City.
Title 1935 House Bill 0891. An Act Requiring Authorization By The Board Of Aldermen Of The City Of Somerville Previous To The Awarding Of Certain Contracts By Said City.


Which restaurant gives me the best sunset veiws in LV; i did a little research to find out the sun will set at 6:33 in Vegas on our anniversary. Cost is not a big concern.
Eiffel Tower at Paris is a good one!
Dodos_World - If you're having trouble finding your previous post on the topic (which has answers), just click your name at th very top of the page.
Wouldn't Eiffel Tower just give you a view of the sun going behind Bellagio? I haven't eaten there, so not sure, but it seems like the best of the sunset would be blocked by buildings.
I didn't know where my post had gone. I agree, it seems to me most sunsets would be blocked by the buildings on the strip. I had thought of the Strat, but I'm hoping for some ideas that more experianced travellers or locals have come across.
agreed...but alas..setting beyond the Bellagio fountains vs. setting behind the mountains???? You'll enjoy the ambience no doubt!
Thank you for the suggestion on fountains instead of the sunset, but we will be eating at Olives once or twice so I was looking for something a little different. All suggestions are welcome.
Besides the Eiffel tower, I think the revolving resturaunt at the Stratosphere should be nice.
I would do the Voodoo Lounge outside with a cocktail or champagne and watch the sunset go down at the top of the Rio..I don't know how dinner is at the Rio but I heard great things about the Sratosphere for the food..The Scintas show at the Rio is a must!
It's amazing how many good thinks I have read about the Voodo lounge since I've started on this site, I am going to make sure I get over there (maybe even more than once).
Dodos, you will have fun at the Rio if you can time your visit for their Masquerade in the Sky tshow..sort of a Mardi Gras with bead throwing by pretty showgirls and all and some good dancing and singing..
I second the Voodoo Lounge vote.
Since they added the outdoor stairway from the Cafe level (50th floor) to the Lounge level (51st floor) there is even more room outside on the deck. The sun will be setting behind you (since the deck faces the Strip to the East) but you still have a great view of the sunset.
The food and service are great, too.
Other options would the Top of the World at the Stratosphere, N9NE at the Palms, and Mix at Mandalay Bay.


ACS offers a variety of opportunities to enrich yourself and others. From leadership development to mentoring students and coaching professionals, there's something for everyone who wants to give back and share their skills in the chemistry community.
Learning about chemistry can be fun - for children as well as adults! Share your appreciation and love of chemistry as you demonstrate its usefulness and value.
Give students the chance to experience what it's like to be a chemist through actual work experiences or to hone their skills in a global competition with their peers.
Share your knowledge in areas such as finding and being a mentor, preparing a resume, job-search strategies, and career management and planning.
Stay informed and provide input on high-priority issues that can impact the chemical enterprise.
Participate on the local, regional, and national levels as a student, as someone beginning their career, or as a seasoned professional.
Most volunteer opportunities and activities that foster chemistry are organized and coordinated through ACS Local Sections, Student Chapters, or International Chapters.


text:
Q: Atributes behavior according to the situtation in Django I am trying to add some logic to change attribute in class block. This is my initial code:

      <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseTwo" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseTwo">
        2022
      </button>

So I am trying to implement something like: if current year equal to 2022 it have to be: class="accordion-button expand"
else
class="accordion-button collapsed"
I have tried to add something like this but of course it doesn't work:
<button class="accordion-button {% if {{now "Y"}}==2022 %} expand {% else %} collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseTwo" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseTwo">
    2022
  </button>

How to fix it?

A: You are missing {% endif %}. And to use in the way you want, you should store the value in a variable. It returns a string, so we need to wrap the compared value in quotes:

            {% now "Y" as current_year %}
            <button
            class="accordion-button {% if current_year == '2022' %}expand{% else %}collapsed{% endif %}"
            type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#flush-collapseTwo"
            aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="flush-collapseTwo">
                2022
            </button>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


To get a FREE Obis One Black Garlic Sample, just sign up for their mailing list by entering your email on the left side of the page. Look for "Request a Free Sample" to get the form.
Obis One is a family-owned and operated specialty food company located in Salem County, NJ at Obisquahassit (circa 1670), New Jersey's oldest working farm and Salem County's oldest residence. Our flagship product is organic black garlic. Our products are all 100% made by us, without any additives or preservatives, in our USA.


This is a listing of companies based in Redcar and Cleveland and in bordering postcodes. These companies are on the company registrar and therefore registered with the UK Government organisation, Companies House. Sole traders will not be listed here.
Maybe you're looking for a company to work for in your area and want to check them out.
You're looking for local suppliers / customers.
12-24-48 (TEESSIDE) DIRECT LTD REDCAR, NORTH YORKSHIRE 12-24-48 (TEESSIDE) DIRECT was formed 13 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Freight transport by road'. 12-24-48 (TEESSIDE) DIRECT was dissolved on the 2016-01-19 and the company has ceased trading.
21CN SOLUTIONS LTD COLTON, LEEDS 21CN SOLUTIONS was formed 9 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Electrical installation'. 21CN SOLUTIONS was dissolved on the 2016-10-15 and the company has ceased trading.
A & R VEHICLE RENTALS LIMITED VIENNA COURT KIRKLEATHAM BUSINESS PARK, REDCAR A & R VEHICLE RENTALS was formed 10 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'service activities not elsewhere classified'. A & R VEHICLE RENTALS was dissolved on the 2014-05-06 and the company has ceased trading.
A J E & I LIMITED REDCAR, ENGLAND A J E & I was formed 9 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Electrical installation'. A J E & I was dissolved on the 2014-05-20 and the company has ceased trading.
A1 CARS TEESSIDE LIMITED LEEDS, A1 CARS TEESSIDE was formed 12 years ago. Its business classification is 'Taxi operation'. The company is no longer trading and is being liquidated.
A66 STORAGE LIMITED MIDDLESBROUGH, CLEVELAND A66 STORAGE was formed 9 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Operation of warehousing and storage facilities for land transport activities'. A66 STORAGE was dissolved on the 2016-06-14 and the company has ceased trading.
ABR PUBLISHING LIMITED CLEVELAND, UNITED KINGDOM ABR PUBLISHING was formed 8 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'publishing activities'. ABR PUBLISHING was dissolved on the 2013-12-31 and the company has ceased trading.
ABSOLUTE AQUATICS LIMITED WHITBY, NORTH YORKSHIRE ABSOLUTE AQUATICS was formed 11 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Retail sale of flowers, plants, seeds, fertilizers, pet animals and pet food in specialised stores'. ABSOLUTE AQUATICS was dissolved on the 2016-09-27 and the company has ceased trading.
AC PROJECTS (UK) LIMITED PRESTON FARM BUSINESS PARK, STOCKTON-ON-TEES AC PROJECTS (UK) was formed 13 years ago. Its business classification is 'Demolition'. The company is no longer trading and is being liquidated.
CLEVELAND PROPERTY SERVICES LIMITED MIDDLESBROUGH, CLEVELAND PROPERTY SERVICES was formed 7 years ago. Its business classification is 'Construction of other civil engineering projects '. The business is active however there is a proposal to strike off the company register - possibly for failing to comply with filing rules.
ADAMANT FINISHERS LIMITED KIRKLEATHAM BUSINESSS PARK, REDCAR ADAMANT FINISHERS was formed 11 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'building completion and finishing'. ADAMANT FINISHERS was dissolved on the 2014-11-04 and the company has ceased trading.
AFFORDABLE SCAFFOLDING NORTH EAST LIMITED REDCAR, CLEVELAND AFFORDABLE SCAFFOLDING NORTH EAST was formed 6 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Scaffold erection'. AFFORDABLE SCAFFOLDING NORTH EAST was dissolved on the 2015-01-13 and the company has ceased trading.
AH RIGGING & LIFTING LTD REDCAR, CLEVELAND AH RIGGING & LIFTING was formed 6 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'professional, scientific and technical activities not elsewhere classified'. AH RIGGING & LIFTING was dissolved on the 2015-02-24 and the company has ceased trading.
AIDING YOU MOBILITY LIMITED REDCAR, NORTH YORKSHIRE AIDING YOU MOBILITY was formed 7 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Dormant Company'. AIDING YOU MOBILITY was dissolved on the 2016-04-19 and the company has ceased trading.
AK CONSTRUCTION (NORTH YORKSHIRE) LIMITED COVENTRY, WEST MIDLANDS AK CONSTRUCTION (NORTH YORKSHIRE) was formed 6 years ago. Its business classification is 'Development of building projects'. The company is no longer trading and is being liquidated.
AKW SERVICES LIMITED MIDDLESBROUGH, CLEVELAND AKW SERVICES was formed 10 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'professional, scientific and technical activities not elsewhere classified'. AKW SERVICES was dissolved on the 2016-08-09 and the company has ceased trading.
ALBRECHT PROPERTIES LIMITED YORK, ALBRECHT PROPERTIES was formed 17 years ago. Its business classification is 'Buying and selling of own real estate'. The company is no longer trading and is being liquidated.
ALDENHAM HEATING SERVICES LTD CLEVELAND, ENGLAND ALDENHAM HEATING SERVICES was formed 9 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Repair of other equipment'. ALDENHAM HEATING SERVICES was dissolved on the 2013-10-15 and the company has ceased trading.
ALEX WORTHINGTON ENGINEERING LIMITED REDCAR, CLEVELAND ALEX WORTHINGTON ENGINEERING was formed 10 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'engineering activities'. ALEX WORTHINGTON ENGINEERING was dissolved on the 2017-02-21 and the company has ceased trading.
ALEXANDER LOCUM SERVICES LIMITED CLEVELAND, ALEXANDER LOCUM SERVICES was formed 15 years ago. Its business classification is 'Information technology consultancy activities'. The business is active however there is a proposal to strike off the company register - possibly for failing to comply with filing rules.
AMC BUSINESS CONSULTANTS LIMITED MIDDLESBROUGH, CLEVELAND AMC BUSINESS CONSULTANTS was formed 8 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Engineering related scientific and technical consulting activities'. AMC BUSINESS CONSULTANTS was dissolved on the 2015-07-28 and the company has ceased trading.
AMP INSTRUMENT SOLUTIONS LTD REDCAR, AMP INSTRUMENT SOLUTIONS was formed 8 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'construction installation'. AMP INSTRUMENT SOLUTIONS was dissolved on the 2016-08-09 and the company has ceased trading.
ANDREW CHAPMAN ELECTRICAL SERVICES LIMITED REDCAR, CLEVELAND ANDREW CHAPMAN ELECTRICAL SERVICES was formed 9 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Electrical installation'. ANDREW CHAPMAN ELECTRICAL SERVICES was dissolved on the 2014-07-15 and the company has ceased trading.
ANDREW HENDERSON AND JULIE LTD CLEVELAND, ENGLAND ANDREW HENDERSON AND JULIE was formed 5 years ago. Before closing-down, its business was 'Manufacture of plastics in primary forms'. ANDREW HENDERSON AND JULIE was dissolved on the 2015-01-06 and the company has ceased trading.


text:
package chatty.bot.OCS;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

public class OCSDatabase {

	public OCSDatabase(){

	}

	private File getFile(String name){
		return new File("DB/OCS/" + name + ".txt");
	}

	private File getMessagesFile(){
		return new File("DB/messages.txt");
	}

	private File getFolder(){
		return new File("DB/OCS");
	}

	public void Save(OCSPlayer p) throws IOException{
		Gson g =new Gson();
		String s = g.toJson(p);
		File f = getFile(p.getName());
		FileUtils.write(f, s,Charset.defaultCharset());
	}
	public OCSPlayer Load(String name) throws IOException{
		String s = FileUtils.readFileToString(getFile(name),Charset.defaultCharset());
		Gson g = new Gson();
		return g.fromJson(s, OCSPlayer.class);
	}
	public OCSPlayer Load(File f) throws IOException{
		String s = FileUtils.readFileToString(f,Charset.defaultCharset());
		Gson g = new Gson();
		return g.fromJson(s, OCSPlayer.class);
	}

	public Set<OCSPlayer> LoadAll() throws IOException{
		Set<OCSPlayer> ret = new HashSet<>();
		File f = getFolder();
		for (File g: f.listFiles()){
			ret.add(Load(g));
		}
		return ret;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Since ancient times, women have been coming together in circle, to learn, grow and transform together. These gatherings have strengthened bonds and created communities through offering a space for women to connect with their authentic truth and each other. In many communities in our modern world, we've lost touch with this sacred ritual of connection and community. It is time to ignite and unify Sister Circles together!
Choosing to participate in this way is a powerful gift to yourself and to our community; it can be both personally impactful and deeply nourishing.
Let us all join hands. Your presence and participation creates a new era of the way women relate to each other.
Pillow or something to sit on, we will be sitting in a circle on the floor.
Any crystals you have that you feel called to bring.
The Freedom and Sovereignty clearing script is a Very Powerful self-clearing tool. It can help you to gain clarity and energy and help you to be your best self. The script can be used anytime you are feeling "off" or less than your best. It is a form of spiritual hygiene and can help you get the most out of your self-care and healing processes. People who use it report feelings of clarity, spaciousness, and peacefulness. Better vision or increased depth of color have also been reported. Daily use can significantly strengthen your aura.
The class is FREE, and handouts will be available on the day of, or by email request anytime.


Can I return an item Shopping Assistant purchase for me?
How long it takes you the Shopping Assistant to buy the goods for me?
What happens if I order goods which are out of stock when you try to buy them for me?


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Q: Fahrenheit to Celsius Converter I am trying to have a text box, and a button next to it. When you click the button, I want to convert to Fahrenheit or Celsius and display in another text box. I only have the Fahrenheit to Celsius done and I can just copy the code over when I am done.
<!DOCTYPE html>

 Fahrenheit to Celsius Converter

 Fahrenheit to Celsius

<input type="text" name="ftc" id="ftc"/> <button type="button" onclick="fahrenheitCelsius()" /> Click to Convert </button>

Celsius to Fahrenheit

<input type="text" name="ctf" id="ctf" /> <button type="button" onclick="celsiusFahrenheit()" /> Click to Convert </button>

 Answer

<input type="text" name="answer box" id="answer/>

A: You made many mistakes. Here is working code for Fahrenheit to celcius: https://jsfiddle.net/nm8ashr1/
<!DOCTYPE html>

 Fahrenheit to Celsius Converter

 Fahrenheit to Celsius

<input type="text" name="ftc" id="ftc"/> <button type="button" onclick="fahrenheitCelsius()"> Click to Convert</button>

Celsius to Fahrenheit

<input type="text" name="ctf" id="ctf" /> <button type="button" onclick="celsiusFahrenheit()"> Click to Convert</button>

 Answer

<input type="text" name="answer box" id="answer"/>


A fidgety child, constantly in motion, heading off on tangents at every opportunity. Does this describe your child? Maybe your child can sit still just fine but seems to be in his own little world rather than attending to the task at hand. Does a twenty-minute assignment take two hours at your house? Come and learn the best teaching tips for working with distractible children, as well as ways to tweak the learning environment and develop your child's awareness of time passing.
Ashley shares how easy homeschooling can be when you find a good fit between your family's needs and a curriculum. Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool is great for anyone who needs/wants to save money and time. As for money, the curriculum is online and free. Of course you'll need to have basic school supplies such as paper and pencils (and internet access), but it requires no additional books or supplies unless you choose to add some. As for time, this is one way for your children to learn how to work independently and it minimizes mom's curriculum planning time, leaving more time for other homeschool activities and family.
Is your child an extremely picky eater, hypersensitive to sounds and smells, or irritated by clothing tags or sock seams? Does your child seek out stimulation and sensory experiences? Is she a messy eater, or does he seem extremely clumsy? Does your son or daughter love to be hugged tightly, or hate to be touched in any way? These are just a few of the common issues one sees when a child is experiencing difficulties with sensory processing. Come and learn how to identify sensory issues; find strategies and resources to help deal with their impact on your child and family.
What Can I Do for the Exempt School "Health" Requirement?
Too often the idea of health is confined to the areas of our physical bodies or mental well-being. It's Kathryn's goal to challenge this thinking and encourage homeschool parents to adopt a wholistic view of health. With a wholistic view of health parents can create individually tailored health instruction experiences for their children. Join her as she shares ideas and resources for you to consider using in your exempt school health curriculum.
We all know that the three R's (reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic) are needed for any balanced homeschool curriculum. But did you know that moms need to have three R's in their lives so it is complete and balanced? Shelley writes a Biblical prescription for the weary mom who needs to be revived and revved up. Join her for the first "R" to learn practical suggestions for energizing your relationship with God.
Just as "...The Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve..." (Matthew 20:28), even the youngest homeschoolers can experience the joy of serving and discover how great it feels to give a little time and energy to bring practical help and hope to neighbors in need. Hear the Homeschool Teen Serve story and how to enhance academic pursuits, spiritual training, and extra-curricular activities by adding community service to you homeschool schedule.
What is executive functioning? The 11 different subtypes of executive functioning will be discussed along with different strategies for helping a child who struggles with executive functioning in the homeschooling setting. If you already know your child is struggling, what do you do next? Come hear about different options, treatments, and community services for children who struggle and stay for the open Q&A period so you can ask an Occupational Therapist and moms of children who struggled, "What are the options for a child who struggles in the homeschool setting?"
Kathryn has served as the Nebraska State Ambassador for the Home School Foundation since 2014. During that time she has had the opportunity to meet and serve Nebraska homeschool families with unique financial needs generated by homeschool start-up expenses, lost jobs, medical expenses, death of a spouse and more. Join her to learn how becoming a Community Ambassador in your group can create opportunities for you to secure resources for homeschool families with similar financial needs.
This is the second "R" in Shelley Noonan's series Three R's for the Homeschool Mom. In the first session Shelley addressed a mom's relationship with God, now she turns the spotlight on mom herself. Shelley reminds us we are unable to give of ourselves if we are depleted. Join her for this second "R" as she shares ideas on how to take care for yourself.
This is the third "R" in Shelley Noonan's series Three R's for the Homeschool Mom. Having already addressed the most important relationship a mom can have - a personal relationship with God, and the need to care for ourselves so we can serve others, Shelley now reminds us to lovingly care for the most intimate earthly relationship we have, our marriage. Shelley offers words of wisdom, reminding us we are part of a union. Join her for this third "R" to hear these gentle reminders not to ignore the marriage relationship.
Learn how to incorporated speech and debate into your homeschool curriculum and equip your child in the skills of public speaking and apologetics. This session introduces you to two different options: National Christian Forensics & Communications Association (NCFCA) and Toastmasters International. Join Marjie and Julie to learn more about each program.
Athletics play an important part in an exempt school program of instruction. Children gain physical conditioning, learn to work independently and as a team, and they learn to accept direction from someone other than their parents. This session offers an introduction to a few of the Omaha metro's homeschool athletic groups. Each group will give a brief presentation about their program. There will be a Q&A period following the last presentation. Everyone is also invited to visit these groups in the Exhibit Hall.
Many homeschool families are seeking a curriculum with a Biblical worldview that is both comprehensive and rigorous. Classical Christian education may be exactly what they are looking for. Classical Christian education follows the Trivium in its methodology, yet interprets all subjects in light of a Christian worldview. This session offers a look at some of the classical Christian programs available to exempt schools. Each presenter will give a brief presentation about their program. There will be a Q&A period following the last presentation. Everyone is also invited to visit with our presenters in the Exhibit Hall.
College for Dual Credit & More!
Homeschooling offers great flexibility in tailoring a child's education to his or her future goals. Why wait until after graduation to start working on those goals? Attend this session to hear what colleges and universities are offering to homeschool students. Jump-start your child's college degree. Each institution will give a brief presentation about their program. There will be a Q&A period following the last presentation. Everyone is also invited to visit with each college or university representative in the Exhibit Hall.
Learn SECRETS that will simplify your life and enhance your teaching! Learn how to begin the year, what months are more conducive to learning, what to do when the year isn't long enough, how children learn and so much more. Melinda brings us this Joyce Herzog presentation, drawing upon Joyce's 30+ years of experience, so we can be more effective in our job of teaching and less stressed. You'll laugh, you'll learn, and a LOAD will be lifted from your shoulders.


A St. Louis native, Rachel graduated from University of Oklahoma in 2014 with her Bachelor's in Engineering Physics and minors in Math and International Area Studies. She spent the next two years working in Uganda as the data manager for a rural water hand-pump company. Naturally good with numbers (hence the math minor), she brings great mathematical acumen and strategic thinking to her role.
In her free time, Rachel enjoys listening to live music, drinking on patios and playing in her Skeeball league. She's also an active member of the Young Professionals of Easterseals Midwest.


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Home » Search Center » Results: Woody Shaw
Results for "Woody Shaw"
MUSICIAN Born: December 24, 1944
Woody Shaw
Woody Shaw, Jr. was born in Laurinburg, N.C. on December 24th, 1944 to Rosalie Pegues Shaw and Woody Shaw, Sr. He grew up in Newark, New Jersey, and began playing trumpet at the age of 11. Shaw attended Arts High School in Newark where he studied trumpet and music theory with Jerome Ziering. Newark has a rich Jazz history and many notable Jazz artists are originally from there, including Sarah Vaughan, Wayne Shorter, Eddie Gladden, Larry Young, and Grachan Moncur III. His first and perhaps greatest inspiration, in terms of the trumpet, came from listening to Louis Armstrong and, not long after, Clifford Brown. Woody found out later that he had picked up the trumpet during the same month and year that Brown passed away
ARTICLE: BUILDING A JAZZ LIBRARY January 12, 2021
Ten Tiptop Albums Which Include Thelonious Monk & Denzil Best's Totally Rocking "Bemsha Swing"
That was the opinion expressed in Inside Jazz by its author, Leonard Feather, who, on the front cover of the book's first edition in 1949 was described as "America's No.1 Authority On Be-Bop." Well, at least Feather was half right about the attractive tunes. In fact, Monk is known to have written at least eighty of ...
The Complete Hank Mobley Blue Note Sessions 1963-70
By HANK MOBLEY
Label: Mosaic Records
By NEIL SWAINSON
Label: Reel to Reel
Track listing: 49th Parallel;Port Of Spain; Southern Exposure; On The Lam; Don't Hurt Yourself; Homestretch.
NEWS: BIRTHDAY December 24, 2020
Jazz Musician of the Day: Woody Shaw
All About Jazz is celebrating Woody Shaw's birthday today! Woody Shaw, Jr. was born in Laurinburg, N.C. on December 24th, 1944 to Rosalie Pegues Shaw and Woody Shaw, Sr. He grew up in Newark, New Jersey, and began playing trumpet at the age of 11. Shaw attended Arts High School in Newark where he studied trumpet ...
NEWS: RECORDING October 28, 2020
The Ed Palermo Big Band
Flaunts the Union Jack with The Great Un-American Songbook Vol. 3: Run for Your Life
While pundits and experts debate whether the United States of America has entered an age of decline as a world power, New York saxophonist, composer, arranger, bandleader and inveterate troublemaker Ed Palermo makes an incontrovertible case for un-American ascendance. With The Great Un-American Songbook Volume 3: Run for your Life, slated for release on guitarist/vocalist Bruce ...
ARTICLE: ALBUM REVIEW October 21, 2020
Alex Moxon Quartet: Alex Moxon Quartet
By JACK BOWERS
After gigging and teaching in his native Canada for almost two decades, guitarist Alex Moxon has recorded the first album solely under his name, and it is a well-played, mostly middle-of-the-road studio session in which his quartet may not turn any heads but should not turn anyone off either. It is simply pleasant, non-unnerving music--much of ...
ARTICLE: RADIO September 24, 2020
Perelman plus Arcado String Trio, Hakan Başar, Neil Swainson and More
By BOB OSBORNE
On this show the fascinating collaboration of Ivo Perelman with the Arcado String Trio, exciting new sounds from Quintopus, Turkish jazz prodigy Hakan Başar, a reissue featuring the Neil Swainson Quintet with Joe Henderson and Woody Shaw, cool sounds from guitarist Dom Angelo Mongiovi, strangeness from Strange Winds, intercontinental intensity from Cyclone Trio and a Mark ...
ARTICLE: ALBUM REVIEW September 15, 2020
Neil Swainson Quintet: 49th Parallel
By PIERRE GIROUX
For those who are geographically inclined, the 49th Parallel is the location of the Canada/US border that runs from British Columbia to the Manitoba/Ontario line. For those with a more musical inclination, it is the title of a limited edition vinyl LP reissue (of a 1987 CD) on Reel to Reel Records by the Neil Swainson ...
ARTICLE: INTERVIEW August 27, 2020
Marvin Stamm: Team Player
Trumpeter Marvin Stamm is known for being part of a gazillion albums, having that ability to go into a studio and play exactly what's required, whether it's for a records by pop singers, jazz artists, Paul McCartney, Donny Hathaway or touring with Frank Sinatra. It's a reputation the highly skilled player earned with hard work.


On November 7, 1861 the waters off Hilton Head Island became the sight of the largest naval battle ever fought in American waters. As the "War of Northern Aggression" began to escalate, Hilton Head was invaded by over 12,000 federal troops who, in less than five hours, captured Fort Walker and forced the populace of Hilton Head to evacuate the island. Eventually more than 40,000 union troops would be quartered on the island; making the number of full time inhabitants more than today's.
Federal Troops continued to occupy the island until well after the wars end, overseeing the beginning of the "Reconstruction" and the founding of "Mitchellville", which was not only the first community built by freed slaves, but also the sight of the first mandatory education system in the United States. Many of the ancestors of the original Mitchellville founders still call Hilton Head home today. Eventually becoming known as "Gullahs", these freed slaves developed their own culture and language; mixing their African heritage and religion with new world customs, the English language and Christianity. Today the Gullah culture is a special part of low country society, with many groups, businesses and organizations devoted to preserving this special heritage.
At Shelter Cove, a specialty shop sells Gullah Art, handmade "sweet grass' baskets, books and a plethora of other items related to the culture. During the summer, Coligny Plaza's outdoor stage is the sight of a weekly performance; called "The Gullah Experience", the show is entertaining and educational, teaching visitors about the Gullah people, with music, song, dance and story telling. The Gullah heritage tour escorts the curious to Mitchellville and other historic sites around the island, important to the Gullah people and their customs and history. A fleet of passenger ferries depart from practically almost every port on Hilton Head, to transport locals and visitors to nearby Daufuskie Island; where the Gullah dialect is still very much in use and visitors can tour cemeteries, the "First African Church", and the "Gullah Heritage Museum", learning first hand, from native tour guides and Daufuskie residents.


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Feser delivers hard dose of reality, path for future in campus budget meetings
Mar 31, 2016 9:00 am by Mike Helenthal | Assistant Editor | 217-333-5491Campus Life
SERIOUS CONCERNS
Interim Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Provost Edward Feser recently concluded a month of campus budget presentations. The presentations were an in-depth look at the state of campus finances, providing campus constituents an uncomfortable dose of reality as well as a path forward.
Two things haven't changed since Interim Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Provost Edward Feser concluded a month of campus budget presentations: The state still doesn't have a budget, and the university still doesn't have its annual appropriation.
Feser's presentations were an in-depth look at the state of campus finances, providing campus constituents an uncomfortable dose of reality as well as a path forward.
"We need to think as a community," Feser said. "We need to be guided by our mission and values."
He said those include research excellence, a focus on students and learning, the value of both disciplinary breadth and depth, diversity, and the need to increase student accessibility and affordability.
Feser said while there are certainly serious concerns with the lack of an appropriation at this point in the fiscal year, the university must be proactive in addressing the longer-term issue, which is the very real possibility that the state's support will fall significantly over a period of time.
"We hope that it doesn't, we argue that it shouldn't, but we have a fiscal responsibility to plan that it will," he said.
Feser said the state has been a national leader in its support of public higher education, something Illinois' elected officials should be celebrating rather than viewing as a reason to make cuts.
"We're one of the best-funded universities in the Big Ten," he said, "which has allowed us to create a truly great public institution of higher education and be a driver of technological change and economic growth in the state."
Yet, while the level of state support has remained relatively stable over the past 10 years, the amount set aside for employee health and pension payments has "crowded out" money once earmarked for university operations.
Feser said it would be unwise to think the state's support would increase anytime soon, considering the financial pressures the state faces and the political impasse in Springfield. Instead, support is likely to fall.
He said the state's current level of support is about 12 percent of operations. With tuition adding about 33 percent, "We're increasingly becoming a tuition-funded institution."
Of the Urbana campus's total budget, 62 percent goes to academic units and 19 percent goes to central administration and services. He said moves already have been instituted to reduce central administrative costs and more are in the works.
He said the campus has reserves of about $1.1 billion, but nearly all of them have been set aside purposely to fund necessary building projects, address deferred maintenance, finance faculty startup packages, and support academic and research programs. Only a small percentage is held centrally, and some central and college reserves have already been used to replace the unsent state appropriation. A portion falls into the category of endowment earnings and gifts dedicated for specific uses.
Feser said the university must do everything it can to further maximize the use of resources, reduce administrative costs and develop new programs that are both intellectually important and improve the university's financial position.
"We have to reduce costs even more aggressively, we have to do things differently than we've done before," he said.
He said a big part of the solution is to change the campus budgeting approach, making it more transparent and realigning incentives so that strategic decisions can be made at appropriate levels. As it stands, budgeting, accounting and reporting systems differ widely from college to college, and faculty and unit leaders have a difficult time understanding how funds are generated or allocated.
Feser said the longstanding campus budgeting approach has been to make incremental changes to a historical budget that was set when the primary source of flexible funds was from a general revenue fund appropriation from the state. That historical and incremental budgeting approach emerged because funding was stable or increasing, and such an approach functions reasonably well under those circumstances.
However, that situation no longer exists, Feser said. The current approach doesn't provide enough information for administrators at various levels, guided by the shared-governance system, to make the kinds of strategic programmatic decisions that will help the university adjust to the new financial reality. It also ignores the fact that sources of revenues have diversified over time.
"What does it truly cost to educate a student in program 'X'?" he said. "We don't know enough about that. In some cases, we're making decisions without full information. A new approach would allow better decisions to be made, with better knowledge of the overall academic and financial impact of those decisions."
The new budgeting approach also would provide more detailed information to every decision-maker in the process, as well as inform programs in which enrollment is lagging that changes need to be made to increase student interest.
For 2017, academic leaders have been asked to produce planning scenarios that include a range of possible budget cuts. Feser said there would be incentives offered for organizational innovation.
Part of the plan moving forward includes the hiring of a vice provost for planning and budgeting, a position that has been vacant for more than a year. That hiring was completed last week with the announcement of the appointment of Paul Ellinger, the head of the department of agricultural and consumer economics and an expert in finance. Feser said having Ellinger on board is necessary to move budget reform forward, as the campus budget office has been understaffed and changing direction is complex and needs to be done systematically so that all campus stakeholders are engaged.
Feser believes the campus has what it takes to address the current and long-term financial challenges. "We have to work together, but we can do this," Feser said, citing other top universities that have adjusted to similar reductions in support from their states.


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Selfish gene drives social cooperation in yeast
EU-funded scientists have identified a single gene that drives social behaviour in yeast. Yeast cells that have the gene FLO1 will literally stick together to protect each other from threats such as antibiotics or alcohol. Meanwhile, yeast cells lacking the FLO1 gene are exclu...
EU-funded scientists have identified a single gene that drives social behaviour in yeast. Yeast cells that have the gene FLO1 will literally stick together to protect each other from threats such as antibiotics or alcohol. Meanwhile, yeast cells lacking the FLO1 gene are excluded from the group. As well as shedding new light on the evolution of social behaviour and the workings of selfish genes, the findings could prove useful in the brewing industry and in hospitals, where many disease-causing types of yeast also clump together, making them extremely difficult to treat. The work, which is published in the journal Cell, was partly supported through the EU-funded FUNGWALL ('The fungal cell wall as a target for antifungal therapies') project, which is financed through the 'Life sciences, genomics and biotechnology for health' Thematic area of the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6). The ability of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to form clumps is well known to brewers, who exploit this capability in order to remove the yeast from the beer once fermentation is complete. However, this trait has been largely ignored by scientists, and many of the strains of yeast used in laboratories have had this clumping tendency bred out of them. In this latest study, scientists from Belgium, France and the US explain how a single gene, FLO1, is responsible for yeast's clumping behaviour. FLO1 produces an adhesive protein on the cell surfaces that causes individual yeast cells to stick together and form vast clumps (also known as 'flocs') containing thousands of cells. Cells on the inside of the clump are shielded from stress, antibiotics and other dangers by the cells on the outside, which sacrifice themselves for the common good. One would expect such a system to favour 'cheaters', cells that do not invest in producing the sticky protein yet benefit from the protective nature of the clumping behaviour. Such cheaters would in theory fare better than non-cheaters and eventually come to dominate the population. In fact this rarely happens. Cooperation often brings benefits to both the helper and the helped. Individuals may also be inspired to help relatives, as this will also help to ensure that their genes (which their relatives also carry) are passed on to the next generation. However, in the case of the yeast, FLO1 gets around the problem of cheaters another way. 'Remarkably, cells expressing FLO1 are not only working together against stress, they are also able to exclude cells that do not express FLO1 from the floc, leaving these hopeful cheaters unprotected,' explains Kevin Verstrepen of Harvard University in the US and the Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB) in Belgium. 'One gene does it all.' The researchers suggest that the mechanism involved could be quite simple: two cells with FLO1 proteins can form two-way attachments that are stronger than the one-way interactions between a cell with the sticky proteins and a cell lacking them. The effect of FLO1 is so strong that yeast cells of different species will happily stick together as long as they both have the FLO1 gene. This leads the researchers to speculate that FLO1 may be a 'green beard gene'. These are genes that both drive cooperation and ensure that altruistic individuals can be identified, so that cheaters can be excluded and prevented from taking over the population. So far, very few green beard genes have been found. 'FLO1 also provides striking support for the 'selfish gene theory', which puts genes, and not genomes, at the centre of evolution,' comments Harvard University's Kevin Foster. 'FLO1 is a selfish gene that promotes its own proliferation without much influence from the rest of the genes in the genome - although remarkably, it exercises this 'selfish' act by promoting an act of social cooperation.' The work could have important practical implications. The researchers found that yeast only produce the sticky FLO1 protein when the presence of another chemical tells them that there are lots of other yeast cells in their vicinity; brewers could exploit this information to control the clumping behaviour of their yeast for optimal beer production. In clinical settings, disease-causing yeast cells often clump into biofilms that are extremely difficult to treat. In people whose immune systems are weakened as a result of cancer treatments, HIV infection or organ transplants, these infections can be deadly. 'Thousands of people die every year not from AIDS or cancer, but from yeast infections,' says Dr Verstrepen. 'Once in the bloodstream, it's a very deadly disease.' Knowing what causes yeast to clump together could help doctors to combat these infections, the researchers hope.
Belgium, France, United States
The more you dislike, the less you're willing to help
How yeast cells use shmoos to schmooze
Scientists solve mystery of how old cells become new
Fungus genome opens pathways to next-generation biofuels
Permalink: https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/30099-selfish-gene-drives-social-cooperation-in-yeast