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Featured, Video, World
People In Afghanistan Are Running To The Airport To Flee The Country After The Taliban Took Control
Hundreds of people in Afghanistan have flocked to Kabul airport in an attempt to flee the country after the Taliban entered Afghanistan's presidential palace on Sunday Aug. 15 and declared that the country is under its control.
Kassy Cho
Videos on social media showed crowds running towards planes on the tarmac on Monday.
At least five people were killed as hundreds of people tried to forcibly enter planes leaving the capital, Reuters reported.
Taliban insurgents entered the capital on Sunday after taking control of nearly all of Afghanistan in a lightning offensive in just over a week.
Its military campaign began after US president Joe Biden announced in April that US troops would be withdrawing from the country after almost 20 years.
The Taliban, which controlled the majority of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001, are expected to declare a new Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in the coming days.
The insurgents' rapid return to power comes despite the US spending almost two decades and hundreds of billions of dollars to build up the Afghan government and its defense forces against the insurgents.
The country's president Ashraf Ghani had reportedly fled earlier in the day and the government collapsed.
During its rule, the Taliban enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia, or Islamic law, committing massacres against Afghan civilians, denying hundreds of thousands of starving civilians UN food supplies and carrying out a scorched earth policy of burning fertile land and destroying tens of thousands of homes.
It banned girls from going to school and workplaces and required them to be accompanied by a male relative and wear a burqa at all times in public. Women hwho disobeyed were whipped or executed.
Cultural activities and media, such as art, movies and music, were also prohibited.
Fearful of a return to the harsh practices, people in Afghanistan have desperately tried to leave the country despite the Taliban announcing that it was seeking a peaceful transition of power.
Witnesses told Reuters they had seen bodies being taken to a vehicle at the airport but it was not clear whether they had been killed by gunshots or in a stampede.
A US official said US troops, which are in charge of the airport, had fired shots into the air to scatter a crowd earlier.
More than 60 countries have since issued a joint statement distributed by the US State Department calling on those in power in Afghanistan to allow Afghans and international citizens who wish to leave the country to depart.
More On Afghanistan
The Taliban Have Taken Control Of Afghanistan's Government After The US Withdrew And Its Government Fled


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Thousands Flee Bali's Mount Agung After Volcano Threat Level Is Raised : The Two-Way Authorities say the mountain, which last erupted 54 years ago, is poised to go at any time.
Thousands Flee Bali's Mount Agung After Volcano Threat Level Is Raised
September 25, 20177:58 PM ET
Richard Gonzales
Mount Agung volcano, seen at sunrise in Bali, Indonesia, could erupt soon, say authorities. Firdia Lisnawati/AP hide caption
Firdia Lisnawati/AP
Mount Agung volcano, seen at sunrise in Bali, Indonesia, could erupt soon, say authorities.
Residents, tourists and climbers are being told to stay far away from Mount Agung, a large volcano in Bali where hundreds of shallow volcanic earthquakes have been recorded in recent days. The volcano's last eruption, in 1963, killed more than 1,000 people.
The Indonesian Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation raised the alarm on Friday.
"The disaster mitigation agency said 48,540 people had fled and the number was expected to rise because more than 60,000 people lived in the danger zone," Agence France-Presse reports.
Agung is the highest point in Bali. An eruption would likely bring deadly threats from a rain of heavy ash, as well as from pyroclastic flares (volcanic stones) and pyroclastic flows (lava).
As the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program reminds us, "A VEI 5 eruption during 1963-64 produced pyroclastic flows and lahars that caused extensive damage and resulted in more than 1,100 deaths."
The government has imposed a 12 kilometer (7.5 miles) exclusion, or "danger zone" around the volcano, according to the Associated Press. People who live in the area are being warned to prepare masks and other gear that could protect their nose, mouth and eyes.
'You Have To Try': Puerto Ricans, Without Power, Find Ways Forward
Desperation In Puerto Rican Town Where 60 Percent Are Now Homeless
The U.S., Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and the U.K. have issued travel advisories, warning its citizens of the danger.
"If an eruption occurs, there is considerable disaster potential. This can happen because today many people live in disaster prone areas. In addition, people around Mount Agung also do not have enough experience to face the eruption of Mount Agung because this volcano last erupted in 1963 (54 years ago)," said Indonesia's volcano monitoring body, MAGMA, as quoted by Australia's news.com.au.
mount agung

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Climbing back to the top
WCP Staff January, 2019
After suffering a severe spinal injury last May, Clodagh Helen, 25, from Clonakilty, is undertaking a remarkable feat in aid of Spinal Injuries Ireland. The determined zoo biologist, who is one of the handlers at the Birds of Prey Centre at Aillwee Cave in Co. Clare has set herself the challenge of climbing to the highest point in every county of Ireland within one year of breaking her back. She tells Mary O'Brien about her recovery and why she has set herself such a hard task.
On May 31, 2018, Clodagh Helen suffered a fall from a horse while out riding. Although she was wearing a back protector, the way in which she landed meant that her spine was violently compressed from the impact, causing her T12 vertebrae to burst and fracture in several places. She also tore ligaments in her left ankle.
What followed was a long rehabilitation period and complete dependence on the people around her for several months. For a long time, Clodagh was too weak to even lift a pint of water. Most likely, the young zoo biologist will have permanent but manageable pain for the rest of her life. Clodagh returned to work in a limited capacity in October and is determined that she will return to the same level of strength and fitness that she enjoyed before the accident.
Advised to not yet return to any strenuous, high impact activity, Clodagh explains that she's attempting this challenge simply because she can and as a celebration of her recovery. "One of the only ways I can build my fitness is to walk," she says. "If all I did was work and lie around, I would very quickly become angry with the disability and focus on what I can't do yet. Hiking is something I have always loved, and at the moment I need something goal based and progressive, which is exactly what the County Tops Challenge is.
By starting with the smaller, easier peaks, Clodagh is building herself up to the more demanding summits such as Carrauntoohil, the Connemara mountains and Wicklow's Lugnaquilla. "After completing the first two, a friend mentioned how great she thought it was and it would definitely be something people would sponsor me for. Doing it for a charity also drives and encourages me, as the world now knows my deadline! Although I will admit, I will be under huge time pressure to get them all done…16 left to do in four months!"
Most of Clodagh's charity work in the past has been for wildlife, as she is so passionate about the natural world, but after doing some research she came across the charity Spinal Injuries Ireland.
"It is the only support agency in Ireland for people who have sustained a spinal cord injury and their families," she explains. "I was so fortunate to not have damaged my spinal cord, yet it could easily have been a reality. If I had fallen even the smallest degree at a different angle, it could have been me and my family needing vast amounts of support. Such an injury is one of the most life altering experiences; and I got a glimpse of how hard it must be to come to terms with the consequences."
Clodagh says that the accident initially changed every aspect of her life. "Until it causes trouble, we don't realise how everything we do goes through our spine; we have no strength without it," she says.
"For the first week after the accident, I was in the trauma ward at UHL lying flat without even the comfort of a pillow. The first few days, I had a neck brace to keep my spine stable, and once it was taken off I understood that if I tried to move I could potentially be paralysed.
"It was a very long week of bed pans, catheters, pressure sores, xrays, CT scans and MRIs unsure of what the outcome would be.
"Six days after the accident, the consultants, after deliberation and discussion with spinal specialists in Dublin, decided I did not need surgery. A TLSO (Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Orthosis) brace was fitted and I could finally move. This was actually an incredibly difficult transition; after lying flat and still for so long, I suffered from severe vertigo and my balance was hugely affected. I was given control of my bed, raising it to a seated position centimetres at a time; stopping it when the dizziness and nausea were about to make me pass out. Eventually I made my few very wobbly first steps from my bed to a wheelchair so I could abandon the catheter and bedpan, and be wheeled to the bathroom! Here lay more problems; such a sedentary state combined with all sorts of medication had played havoc on my digestive system…I won't go into the details!"
Clodagh has patchy memories from her time in hospital, where she was in a lot of pain. "Whether this was due to pain or the medication, I can't say. But I have no recollection of some visitors who called; photographs I smiled for that I don't remember being taken; or the morphine injection I apparently got under my tongue. I vividly remember hallucinations during my stay; a side effect of some of the drugs. When the nurses asked, on a scale of one-10, what was my pain level, I never said higher than seven. After recently discovering the definition of the numbers on the scale, I was a nine and 10 every day!"
Once the TLSO brace was fitted, and Clodagh could demonstrate a very slow ascent and descent on a stairs, she was discharged from hospital. "Of course, my fantastic parents wouldn't hear of me going anywhere except home to them in Clonakilty, and after I survived the painful drive from Limerick I was welcomed home to a bed for me in the living room!"
As she spent 90 per cent of her time lying down for the next few months, this proved a brilliant idea from her mom, as it allowed Clodagh to chat with visitors amd family from her bed, as they sat at the kitchen table. "I was absolutely overwhelmed by the number of neighbours, friends, and family who called to wish me well, some who I hadn't seen in years."
Gradually, the pain lessened and Clodagh's strength improved. She went from spending most of her day in bed to moving between there and a sun lounger in the garden and being able to walk back to the family farm to see how things were there. "Two of my cousins were getting married that summer and it was great to be at home amid all the buzz and preparations, even if it was stretched out on the couch being a spectator. I was so proud of myself to be able to stand as bridesmaid for one and so delighted that she didn't mind an ugly brace in her pictures…the dressmaker did a wonderful job!"
By August, Clodagh was pretty strong. "I was able to help around the house a bit and my father found me very handy on the farm for small jobs."
The brace came off 12 weeks after the accident. "For several weeks, I put the brace on and off, weaning myself off it. It had acted as my core support for so long, my muscle had wasted away," explains Clodagh.
She was allowed to drive when not wearing the brace but even now she finds sitting and driving the most painful position to be in. She started physiotherapy, which is still ongoing. "I'm hoping to be able to touch my toes one of these days!" she says.
Advised to join a pilates class in November, she finds this very tough going, but is surprised at how quickly her strength is returning. "I was so fortunate to be very fit and healthy before the accident, which made the recovery easier." she says.
As well as being a very physical injury, it also takes it's toll emotionally. "I would have always been the kind of person who bottles their feelings and could distance myself emotionally from upsetting situations. From someone who would rarely cry, I have become the opposite," explains Clodagh. "When I talk about the accident and the aftermath, I can't still can't stop the tears. Even when I'm alone, something relating to the experience will pop into my head and I will be in floods of tears. I think it's all coming out now, because when it actually happened I was full of smiles and laughter and telling myself it would be grand.
"It was a time of extreme highs and extreme lows. Overwhelming emotions. No matter how ill I felt, I would wiggle my toes and pure happiness would distract me from the pain and suffering. I was strong because I knew things would improve; it was a 'fixable' injury, and that was all that mattered.
"I don't think I'll ever be able to repay or thank all of my family and friends and the hospital staff for what they did for me; and are still doing! I have them all roped in to climb a mountain or two!"
Clodagh is planning to climb Knockboy; Cork's county high point on Saturday, February 2. If anyone would like to join her on a hike, she would be delighted to have the company! All you have to do is message the facebook page.
"I hope I'll be leading an army up the mountain in Cork!" she says with a smile.
You can support Clodagh's County Top Challenge for Spinal Injuries Ireland by visiting https://gogetfunding.com/clodaghs-county-top-challenge-for-spinal-injuries-ireland/
For more information on any of her upcoming hikes go to
E clodaghschallenge
Posted in Features, Highlights
2019 will see a number of Irish agricultural anniversaries take place. Bord Bia will be in existence 25 years. The food marketing body was founded in 1994 as an amalgamation of the Coras Beostoic agus Feola (the Irish Meat and Livestock Board) and the food promotion activities of the Irish […]
Communities in Cork come together online to lift spirits during COVID-19
Weekly webinars continue with Network Ireland West Cork
Covid-19 early warning system for Front Line Medical Staff shows encouraging results


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	OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Students and parents can meet the teachers and each other during this sneak a peek session. Please bring a bag lunch to enjoy with each other. This event is being held at the school in the kindergarten room and picnic area outside the classroom.


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Home > New York Review Books > Friend of My Youth
Series: New York Review Books
Publication Date: February 5, 2019
Friend of My YouthA Novel
by Amit Chaudhuri
Available as E-BookInternational LiteratureLiterature in English
Friend of My Youth begins with the novelist Amit Chaudhuri returning to Bombay, the city in which he grew up, to give a reading. Ramu, the friend of his youth, with whom he likes to get together when he comes back, is not there: after years of disabling drug addiction, Ramu has signed up for an intensive rehab program. But Amit Chaudhuri has errands to run in Bombay for his mother and wife, which take him back to the Taj Mahal Hotel, the site, not that long before, of a brutal terrorist attack.
Amit Chaudhuri writes novels the way an extraordinary instrumentalist makes music, stating and restating his themes, trying them out in different keys and to various effect, developing and dropping them, only to pick them up again and turn them completely around. He engages both our minds and our hearts. He makes us marvel. Friend of My Youth, his deceptively casual and continually observant and inventive new novel, makes us see and feel the great city of Bombay while bringing us into the quizzical, tender, rueful, and reflective sensibility of its central character, Amit Chaudhuri, not to be confused, we are told, with the novelist who wrote this book. Friend of My Youth reflects on the nature of identity, the passage of time, the experience of friendship, the indignities of youth and middle age, the lives of parents and children, and, for all the humor that seasons its pages, terror, the terror that can strike from nowhere, the terror that is a fact of daily life. Friend of My Youth is fearfully and wonderfully made.
Chaudhuri's measured, subtle, light-footed fiction is rich with hanging vignettes of domestic and urban life.
— James Wood
With the publication of Friend of My Youth, Amit Chaudhuri is now the author of seven novels, greatly admired, especially by his peers . . . the drama of the self, spun from Chaudhuri's meditations and recollections, is artfully composed and utterly absorbing.
—Kate Webb, Times Literary Supplement
Anything but a conventional novel, its pleasures arise from a craftsman's writing and its subtle demands and rewards.
A common, and false, complaint leveled against Chaudhuri by some critics is that nothing ever happens in his fiction. This is as untrue as saying that nothing ever happens in Waiting for Godot. He's at his best with surfaces, stacking and overlaying them to create startling effects.
To paraphrase a title of Proust's, a writer Chaudhuri has been compared to often, this is a remarkable record of pasts recaptured that had never been free in the first place.
—Michael Autrey, Booklist
In this cogent and introspective novel, Chaudhuri movingly portrays how other people can allow individuals to connect their present and past.
A mini masterpiece. A really beautiful book. I love his honest, unsparing descriptions of himself, his weird, off-beat, unapologetic persona.
—Financial Times, Everything Else podcast
What [Chaudhuri] does in this short novel, with exquisite delicacy, is show disconnection, vacancy and the physical world's imperviousness to human action, even of the most violent kind.
—Esquire (UK)
Friend of My Youth is a taut, efficient book: part novel and part manifesto. It presents itself as a work of fiction about friendship, the experiences of youth and the city of Mumbai, but really it's a kind of anti-novel: a book about the failures of fiction to account for the realities of memory.
Chaudhuri is an exceptionally subtle writer, a skeptical seeker rather than a postmodern show-off. However you classify it, this journey through the traces of his past earns its literary sleight-of-hand. . . . In a book that (in a good sense) marks time, the narrator prepares for his next 'leap of life'. Like Benjamin's Angel of History, which Chaudhuri does credit, these elegiac ruminations look backwards but move forwards.
This novel is 'an assemblage of moments, of different kinds of awareness of the world, and even of writing.' Like [Henry] Green's novels it offers delight, it shimmers, you seek to catch hold of it and it slides away.
[The narrator] remains unmoved by the memories Bombay evokes yet experiences an unsettling homesickness, a paradoxical state that is compellingly observed. He also likes to eat: miniaturist descriptions of the evolving food landscape are pin-sharp. The autofictional riffs are unshowy, often funny, and it all comes together as a textured reflection on the hold of the past.
—Francesca Angelini, Sunday Times
Fiercely intelligent . . . elegant. [Chaudhuri] combines a serious reflection on psychology and friendship with an examination of the artist's relationship to real life.
What [Chaudhuri's] work exemplifies is somebody who views the canon as everything, that there isn't a form of canonical literature that makes him cleave to one culture or the other.
I realized that I had no terms in my critical lexicon to communicate the delight and the pleasure that his writing had given me. I haven't encountered such joyous and playful writing about walking or eating . . . as I have in Chaudhuri's books.
—Sumana Roy, Los Angeles Review of Books
Amit Chaudhuri is a master. This book is a hymn to our present and our past. In today's noisy world, Chaudhuri's words provide a home wherein we can contemplate the essential things in life.
—Nadeem Aslam
What a beautifully lyrical composition. I love how it is pitched three-quarters of the way to fiction, but with an eloquent nod towards "real life". In this sense, it possesses the fantasy of fiction, but the grit of the lived and experienced. It's an achievement.
—Caryl Phillips
Reading Friend of My Youth was very calming. A sort of relief. It re-arranged the nervous system: the sentences and paragraphs were in step with breath, with thought, with strolling; time is slowed down. I would not describe Amit as a miniaturist—although his books are short—no, he is an epic writer—his protagonists have made long journeys.
—Deborah Levy
An epiphanic, limpid work . . . a truly wonderful novel.
Friend of my Youth is a mesmerizing book. I started it early one afternoon in Italy, out of a simple desire to dwell in the 1980s, and then found myself restless outside its force field… and was relieved to return to it. The book has many pleasures to offer, especially those of recognition (it's always nice to see Chunky Pandey being resurrected). And though at first its meditations on the nature of the self and memory seemed to resemble those found within the tradition of European modernism, I began to think as I read on, and became convinced by the end of the book, that more than anything by Proust, Gide, and Woolf, it comes close to illustrating the Buddhist theory of dependent origination.
In my opinion, his most interesting book, entirely free of the anxiety of influence.
—Jeet Thayil, Books of the Year, Scroll.in
A mini masterpiece . . . He doesn't really follow the conventions of what we think of as a novel, but is… pushing and stretching at those boundaries . . . I love his honest, unsparing descriptions of himself, his weird, off-beat, unapologetic persona . . . a really beautiful book.
—Financial Times Culture Podcast
I have read nothing like it . . . it has changed the novel . . . I can't recommend it highly enough.
—Goergina Godwin, Monocle Radio


LRCC ALERTS is LRCC, Lakes Region Community College's emergency notification system that will help ensure rapid and reliable mass communication to students, faculty, and staff. The LRCC ALERT system is designed to communicate with cell phones (text and voice messages), landlines, and email systems, should a weather closure/delay, emergency situation or crisis occur on the LRCC campus.
LRCC Students are automatically registered to receive alerts via college email, but will need to register (opt-in) and provide their emergency contact information using the Registration links on this web page to receive alerts via phone, text messaging or personal email.
Students: Please have either your LRCC ID # and SIS PIN or your EasyLogin username and password handy. To register you need to access the secure area of the Student Information System (SIS). At the Main Menu of the SIS, Select Personal Information, then select the LRCC Alerts icon.
LRCC employees: College employees are automatically registered for the LRCC ALERTS service once you return the completed LRCC ALERTS ENS Form to the Human Resources Office. Keep in mind the reliability of the LRCC ALERTS system is dependent on the accuracy of your contact information - please keep Human Resources updated with any changes in your contact information.
Why should I register for LRCC Alerts?
Students should register for LRCC alerts to receive the latest information on campus emergencies delivered to their cell phone (voice or text message) and email account.
NOTE: Please read this disclaimer* as there is not a guarantee of delivery due to situations which are outside of the CCSNH or Connect-ED control.
LRCC Alerts is just one method the College will use to communicate information during an emergency. The campus will continue to use a variety of other notification methods as appropriate.


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We're giving away free stuff! Allow me to explain.
We're getting close to making the one millionth Cubelet. Something about that number, that order of magnitude, has really given us pause and encouraged us to focus on the total life cycle of a Cubelet including where they end up in the end. Cubelets are made of plastics and metals and magnets and circuit boards, and they shouldn't end up in the landfill. Especially a million of them.
We do a lot of Cubelets re-use, like repairing broken Cubelets and using them in our demonstration kits, and now we're trying to get really good at recycling Cubelets. We've got a great set of tools for disassembling Cubelets. Much of the material, like plastic, is efficient to recycle, while some, like circuit boards, we're storing for a while until we figure out the best approach to dealing with it.
There's a Cubelet type out there, the old Bluetooth Cubelet, that is probably not bringing joy to a lot of people. It was hard to use and dropped connections a lot, so we replaced it with the totally awesome Bluetooth Hat in 2018. The Bluetooth hat uses BLE so it pairs and re-pairs automatically, and it's lightweight so doesn't cause power brown-outs and disconnections, whether you're on Mac, Android, Linux, iOS, or Windows. We thought it'd be a great idea to give a new Bluetooth hat to people who have old Bluetooth Cubelets. We'll be able to properly recycle the old Cubelet, and someone who supported us early on could get a free upgrade that makes Cubelets feel new again. There's some amazing new Cubelets software coming soon, and you're going to want a Hat to be able to play…
We're calling this the Bluetooth Trade-up Program. We've allocated 100 new Bluetooth Hats; we'll ship one to you if you're among the first hundred people to claim yours here and then send us your old Bluetooth Cubelet. One per customer, USA only. Have at it!


Perfect for breakfast on the go, these bars combine rolled oats with nuts and fruit.
Heat the oven to 325 F. Lightly coat a 9-by-13-inch baking pan with cooking spray.
In a large bowl, combine the oats, flour, dry milk, wheat germ, almonds, apples, raisins and salt. Stir well to blend and set aside.
In a small saucepan, stir together the honey, peanut butter and olive oil over medium-low heat until well-blended. Don't let the mixture boil. Stir in the vanilla. Add the warm honey mixture to the dry ingredients and stir quickly until well-combined. The resulting mixture should be sticky but not wet.
Pat the mixture evenly into the prepared baking pan. Press firmly to remove any air pockets. Bake just until the edges begin to brown, about 25 minutes. Let cool in the pan on a wire rack for 10 minutes, and then cut into 24 bars. When just cool enough to handle, remove the bars from the pan and place them on the rack to cool completely. Store the bars in airtight containers in the refrigerator.


text:
Pennsylvania USGenWeb Archives
Clearfield County
History of Clearfield County
Lewis Cass Aldrich
This page was last updated on 23 Apr 2011
HIST0RY
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
OF SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS
SYRACUSE, N. Y.
D. MASON & CO., PUBLISHERS
portrait of Richard Shaw
LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
CHAPTER XLV.
HISTORY OF LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP.
THIS township was created upon the petition of divers persons, residents of Chincleclamoose township, averring that they labor under great inconvenience for want of a new township, and praying the appointment of three commissioners to make the necessary division. This petition was presented to the Court of Quarter Sessions of Centre county at a term thereof held in the month of April, 1813. Upon the petition the court appointed Roland Curtin, Charles Treziyulney and Joseph Miles, viewers, to determine and make the necessary division.
After having viewed the locality, the commissioners determined upon the division and reported to the court the following boundaries for the township of Lawrence. Beginning at a white pine on the west branch of the river Susquehanna, a corner of Clearfield and Lycoming counties, thence north to the north-east corner of Clearfield county ; thence along the line of Clearfield county west to the intersection of the old line formerly known as the line between districts Nos. 3 and 4 ; thence along the same south until it strikes the Little Clearfield Creek ; thence down the same to the mouth thereof; thence down the Big Clearfield Creek to the mouth ; thence down the West Branch of the Susquehanna to the place of beginning, and to be one township called Lawrence township.
The territory embraced by this township included all the lands of the present townships of Lawrence, Goshen, Girard, Covington, Karthaus, as well as the lands still further north that were subsequently set off to Elk county, and which still later were made into Cameron county.
The remaining part of old Chincleclamousche township was, at the same time formed into a township called Pike. Here ceases all record of the original township of Chincleclamousche, a name that had designated this locality since the French and Indian war.
Although the territory embraced by the formation of Lawrence has been curtailed by subsequent township erections, it still remains one of the largest of the county. It is bounded north by Elk county ; east by Goshen, Bradford, Boggs, and Knox ; south by Bradford and Boggs, and west by Pike, Pine, and Huston.
No more accurate record of its early settlers can be made than by a full statement of the taxable inhabitants made by Samuel Fulton, assessor, under and by virtue of an order of the county commissioners, bearing date the 21st day of February, 1814, and signed by Hugh Jordon, Robert Maxwell and Will liam [sic] Tate, commissioners.
HISTORY OF CLEARFIELD COUNTY.
The names of the taxables appearing on the roll are as follows : Elinor Ardery, John Andrews, Arthur Bell, Henry Buck, Samuel Beers, Arthur Bell, Robert Collins, George Conoway, Hugh Caldwell, Alexander Dunlap, James Dunlap, Hugh Frazier, John Frazier, Thomas Forcey, Samuel Fulton, William Hanna, Jacob Haney, Martin Hoover, Samuel Hoover. George Hunter, Esther Haney, John Hall, John Hoover, Henry Irwin, Hugh Jordon, Samuel Jordon, Thomas Jordon, Thomas Kirk, Thomas Kirk, jr., John Kline, Nicholas Kline, William Leonard, Rudolph Litch, Lebbeus Luther, David Ligget, Richard Mapes, John Moore, Reuben Mayhew, Adam Myers, Moses Norris, Matthew Ogden, Daniel Ogden, John Owens, William Orr, Joseph Patterson, Robert Patterson, Thomas Reynolds, Alexander Reed, Thomas Reed, Archibald Shaw, Elisha Schofield, John Shaw, Richard Shorter, Mary Shirrey, Robert Shaw, Ignatius Thompson, William Tate, Robert Wrigley, George Welch, Herman Young, Peter Young.
The single freemen were : Andrew Allison, Samuel Ardery, Benjamin Beers, Benjamin Carson, jr., Alexander Dunlap, Christian Eveon, Jacob Hoover, Caesar Potter, John R. Reed, Hugh Reynolds, William Shirrey, Hugh McMullen.
The settlers living in the Sinnamahoning district were enrolled in a separate list. It will be remembered that the settlement down the river was made into an election district, and the voting place was fixed at the mouth of the Sinnamahoning, at Andrew Overdorf's house. The taxables of this district were : Stephen Barfield, Robert Barr, Daniel Bailey, Jacob Burch, Dwight Cadwell, Thomas Dent, Richard Galat, Joseph Gaugey, Levy Hicks, William T. Hardy, Ralph Johnston, Thew. Johnston, James Jordon, John Jordon, Henry Lorghbaugh, jr., Joseph Mason, Amos Mix, James Mix, William Nanny, John Overdorf, Andrew Overdorf, Andrew Overdorf, jr., Samuel Smith, Charles Swartz, Curran Sweesey, Benjamin Smith, Jacob Miller, Leonard Morey.
The single freemen in the Sinnamahoning district were as follows : James Mix, Joseph Gaugey, James Sweezey, John Ream, John Biss, William Lewis, William Shepherd, George Lorghbaugh, William Calloway, George Derring.
The first reduction of the territorial limits of Lawrence township was made by the formation of Covington and Gibson, in the year 1817, by an order of the Centre County Court of Quarter Sessions.
In 1845, at a term of court held February 4, Goshen township was erected from Lawrence, Girard, and part of Jay and Gibson townships.
The early history of this township antedates, by many years, its civil organization. Within its boundaries there was located the old Indian town of Chincleclamousche, the remains of which were discovered by Daniel Ogden, the pioneer, at the time of his settlement, in 1797. Still further back than this we find the country overrun and occupied by a fierce tribe of Indians known to the first white adventurers as the Lenni Lenapes, who made their central sta-
tion on the river Delaware, and whose descendants occupied this whole region for a hundred years or more. Later on came the Shawnese, a supposed branch of the Algonquins, whose language they spoke. Then again, during the seventeenth century, the confederated nation of Iroquois, or the Five Nations, as they were commonly known, swept over the entire province of Pennsylvania, as well as the country north and south of it, driving out the occupants or completely subjugating them, and making themselves conquerors, and their chiefs and sachms rulers and monarchs of the entire country. During the progress of the French and Indian war this vicinity was occupied by the French with view to erecting a fort, but this scheme seems to have failed. They did, however, assemble at the village of Chincleclamousche and organize an expedition against Fort Augusta, the key to the whole northwestern part of the province.
Here it was that Captain Hambright came with orders to destroy the Indian town, and make battle against the inhabitants, but finding the town deserted returned to the fort with his men. On a subsequent visit the town was found to be destroyed, and the Indians fled to the protection of the French forts on the western frontier.
During the Revolutionary War no record is found concerning specific depredations at this point, but the Indian paths, several of which led through the township, were thoroughfares of travel to and from the points east of the Alleghenies.
Daniel Ogden was the first permanent settler in this township, and made the first improvement therein. The subsequent settlers up and down the river are mentioned in other chapters of this work, which, together with the tax- rolls, will inform the reader as to the pioneers in this section.
The chief industry at that time was farming and clearing land, and as new residents followed, each in succession was compelled to make a clearing for a cabin and farming purposes.
The necessity of lumber and material for building led to the erection of saw-mills at various places, and as the lands became cleared and crops gathered, grist-mills became a like necessity.
According to the tax-roll made by Samuel Fulton, assessor for Lawrence and Pike townships, in the year 1814, there were several industries already established in the township of Lawrence, some of which can be located with accuracy.
Samuel Beers was assessed as having a tan-yard. Beers lived on Clearfield Creek, and had a small tannery near his house. This factory was so small that it was assessed as nominal only.
Martin Hoover had a saw-mill and was assessed therefor fifty dollars. This amount would scarcely buy a cheap saw at the present day. Hoover's mill was located on Montgomery Creek, near where J. L. McPherson's steam
saw-mill is now built. Hoover's mill was built some years prior to 1814, as a water-power mill on a small scale, and the water of the creek was then sufficient to furnish power. The present McPherson mill, having a very much greater capacity, is provided with boiler and engine. This is one of the oldest mill locations in the county.
Esther Haney, widow of Frederick Haney, was assessed this same year for a saw and grist-mill. They were located on Montgomery Creek, near where the Widow Smith now lives. The saw-mill was assessed at fifty dollars, and the grist-mill at thirty dollars.
Thomas Haney, son of Frederick, had a saw-mill on Moose Creek, about where is now situated the hamlet called Paradise. This mill has long since gone to decay.
Reuben Mayhew was the local shoemaker, and his trade assessed at ten dollars.
To Matthew Ogden attaches the credit of having built the first grist-mill in the county, on Moose Creek, about half a mile above its mouth. Some years later he built a saw-mill further down and moved his grist-mill to that point, near the site now occupied by Shaw's mill. In 1821 Ogden built another gristmill on Clearfield Creek, on lands now owned by John F. Weaver. This was operated for many years, but is now entirely destroyed.
Thomas Reynolds had a tannery in Clearfield town, that was built about the year 1810, but no business of account was done there until some five or six years later. The building was erected near where J. B. McEnally's residence now stands on First street.
Another tannery was built about 1820, just back of the present Boyer residence on Second street, by Jacob Irwin.
There used to stand many years ago, a mill at the mouth of Montgomery Creek, near the site of the Smith place, up the river. It was supposed to be one of the Hanney mills, but by some persons it was supposed to belong to Peter Young. The latter had a mill, but its precise location is uncertain.
In 1814-15, the Elder mills were built on Little Clearfield Creek by James I. Thorn, who came to the county for that purpose. The building consisted of a saw-mill, a fulling or woolen-mill, and a tavern. The woolen-mill was the first of its kind in the county, and the tavern among the first. Elder never resided in the county, but was largely interested in lands at that place. He is remembered as exceedingly kind and generous. He had many cattle at his place, and frequently loaned unbroken cattle to farmers, and allowed them to break and use them for their keeping.
The record given above concerning the old mills and other industries of the township has been confined to that portion of the settlement comprising the county about the county seat, those who first held their elections at the house of Benjamin Jordan and afterward at William Bloom's. The whole election district in this locality still retained the name of Chincleclamousche.
In the Sinnamahoning district we have a record of the taxables made in the year 1813, showing a total of forty-one. The roll also mentions two sawmills, one assessed to Thomas Dent and the other to John Jordan.
In 1813, a year after commissioners for the county were authorized to be elected therein, the population had increased sufficiently that a post-office for the county was found necessary, and this was established at the house of Alexander Read, better known as " Red Alex." The neighborhood on the ridge where the Reads were numerous, was known as Readsboro, and the office was designated by that name. It was continued there until about the year 1819. The old State road passed through the place, and it was then the most central point, notwithstanding the fact that the site for the county seat had already been established at the old Indian town some two or three miles distant. Before this office was established all mail matter came from Philipsburg, on the extreme east line of the county, once each week.
At the time the county seat was fixed there was no improvement on the lands of Abraham Witmer, except such as had many years before been made by the Indians. The old cleared fields remained grown up with weeds and buffalo grass. It is said that Daniel Ogden cut this grass and used the lands. This may be so, but Ogden did not own any part of the lands, nor claim to own them. His settlement was nearly a half mile further south, up the river.
When Lawrence was made a township there were but few residents at the county seat proper, that is, Clearfield town. The first conveyances of town lots were made to Matthew Ogden, Robert Collins, and William Tate, in the year 1807. The donation of lands for county building and other purposes was made at the time the county seat was fixed, but the deed was not executed until 1813.
Improvement and settlement in the town were naturally slow. The whole tract embraced by it was plotted and lots were held at prices greater than the average pioneer could afford to pay. At the time the assessment was made in 1814, there appears less than a dozen lots sold, and of these William Tate had three and Thomas Reynolds two.
The court-house was erected by Robert Collins about this time, and purchases became more frequent, the roll of 1816 showing in taxables and erections throughout the entire township.
The township of Lawrence was declared, by an act of the Legislature passed April 2, 1821, to be a seperate [sic] election district, and the freemen were directed to hold their elections at the court-house in Clearfield town. This place is yet used for election purposes, although the borough is now, and for about forty years, has been a separate election district, and elects its own officers. Having from this time a distinct and complete organization, settlement became more rapid, and consequent upon such settlement and growth and the development of its resources, this has become one of the leading townships of the
county. The surrender of lands for the formation of Covington and other townships, while it reduced its area and population, made it more compact and more readily improved.
From the time that lumbering was first commenced on the river and its tributaries, Lawrence has occupied a position of prominence in the county. The seat of justice, located in the southern central part of the township, became the natural trading and distributing center for the country roundabout. While up to this time coal mining for shipment has not been carried on to any considerable extent, yet there is an abundant supply for that purpose and the local demand as well.
The chief pursuit followed by the people of the township, outside their regular occupation as farmers, was lumbering, and although many of the mills constructed for the manufacture of this commodity have been destroyed or removed, yet some remained and were among the established industries of the township. In making a record of such as are prominently recalled, those of the present borough of Clearfield are omitted from this chapter and included in that relating to the borough, although they may have been established before the borough organization was completed. The same relation may be maintained regarding the several grist-mills of the township, and with the sawmills may be treated upon under a common head.
Among the early mill erections was that built by Hopkins Boone, John and Maxwell Long and William Porter, on Clearfield Creek, about a quarter of a mile above the old Clearfield bridge, in or about the year 1833. The proprietors were considerably involved and the property was sold to Lewis Passmore about ten or twelve years after its erection. The latter sold to John W. Miller, who removed the building and machinery for the erection of a saw and grist-mill on the creek opposite the old Elder mills, and were known as the Miller mills. They went to decay many years ago.
The first erection in the vicinity of that now known as Porter's mill, was made about 1836, by Philip Antes and George Leech, with an interest owned by Christopher Kratzer. The saw-mill on the east side of the river was first built. The property went to James T. Leonard on forced sale, but was afterward deeded to the Antes boys, and by them to William Porter and Philip C. Heisy. Porter bought the Heisy interest. The first grist-mill on the place was erected by William Porter in 1877, at a cost of nearly ten thousand dollars. It burned in 1882. Another mill was immediately erected in its place, larger and of greater capacity, at a cost of about seventeen thousand dollars. Recently the roller process machinery has been introduced into this mill. It has lately been purchased by ex-Sheriff W. R. McPherson.
On the site of the present Ferguson mills in the year 1842, George B. Logan and Thomas Read, built a saw-mill on the south side of the river, and about 1850, built a grist-mill on the north bank. A division of the property was
made by which Logan took the grist-mill, and Reed the saw-mill, but subsequently Logan became the owner of the whole property. About 1860 he sold to the Farmers' Company, but that was not a successful organization and the property came back to Logan again. A few years ago it was sold to George E. Ferguson, the present owner and proprietor. The dam across the West Branch was constructed at the time the first mill was built.
On the site formerly occupied by Matthew Ogden's pioneer mill on Moose Creek, there was built by Alexander Irvin, in the year 1830, a substantial gristmill. Irvin sold to Richard Shaw, who operated it until his death, when it went to Richard Shaw, jr., and has since been owned by him. This mill is commonly known as the " Red Mill."
About the year 1842, William Bigler and William Powell built a saw mill in the south part of the township, and afterward christened it the "Doniphan Mill," in honor of Colonel Doniphan of Mexican War fame. After Mr. Bigler's election to the office of governor of the State, the property went to the firm of G. L. Reed & Co. It has also been owned by Weaver and Betts, William Brown, Daniel Mitchell and again by Weaver and Betts, whose property it now remains.
The Ringgold Mill, so named for a distinguished officer of the Mexican War, was built by George R. Barrett and Christopher Kratzer, in the year 1847. It was erected on Clearfield Creek about half a mile from the railroad bridge, the cost thereof being about seven thousand dollars. During the extremely high water on the creek that year, the mill was carried down stream to the river, and thence down to Karthaus bridge, where all trace of it was lost, no part ever being recovered. A new mill was immediately erected on the site of the former structure. Both of these were among the very best in the lumber country, the first being an unsually fine mill. It was a double mill, having two saws, and manufactured a large amount of lumber for that time. The dam built by the owners was very objectionable to raftsmen on account of its height, and many were the rafts and arks that went to pieces in attempting its passage. The property was afterward sold to Wilson Hoover, and burned while he owned it.
The first erection on the site now occupied by the Diamond Mill, was made by Richard Shaw in 1847, who built a saw-mill at that place. He gave the property to Archie Shaw, who built the Diamond grist-mill near the saw-mill. The property is now owned by the widow of Richard Shaw.
Israel Nichols built a saw-mill on Moose Creek not far from where the water company's dam is built, about the year 1847. He owned and operated it up to about 1868, when it was sold to G. L: Reed and A. L. Ogden, the present owners.
Martin Nichols had a saw-mill near the site now occupied by George Orr's blacksmith shop. It was built about fifty years ago, but was torn down many years ago.
Lawrence township can to-day boast of but two church edifices. The borough of Clearfield being centrally located in the township, the convenience of the people is as well suited to attend church there, as to have edifices erected through the various localities of the township. The " Center Church," so called, of the Methodist Episcopal Society, was built about the year 1827, on lands donated by Philip Antes, about three miles south and west from Clearfield town. Among the early members of the society there can be recalled the families of Philip Antes, Moses Boggs, Elisha Scofield, Isaiah Goodfellow, Alexander Caldwell, Mrs. John Fullerton, Moses Norris and others. Services were conducted there about the time of the erection of the building by Rev. Allen Britton and Rev. John Anderson, and other ministers as the conference provided. Regular services were held once each month, provided the ministers in charge could reach the place in time. The circuit points which they were compelled to visit on their regular trips were Karthaus, Girard, Centre and other posts along the river, and frequently they would be delayed. In 1860 the old church was torn down, and on the site was built a more substantial edifice, having an audience-room with a basement below ; built plainly, yet in a substantial manner. Services are held twice each month, by the pastor in charge of the M. E. Church at West Clearfield borough.
The house for religious worship located in the northwest part of the township, and known as the Church of God, or Disciple Christian Church, was built in the year 1870. The original intention was that it should be a union church, to be used in common by members of various denominations, but, owing to some misunderstanding, the plan was not fully carried out. The persons interested in the building failed to pay for its erection and material used, whereupon it was sold to enforce the lien. It was subsequently purchased by a member of the Disciple Society not a resident of this county. The first service was held here in 1870, when the church was dedicated by Rev. Mr. Plowman. He was succeeded by Rev. Linn. The present pastor in charge is Rev. Thomas Young, who conducts services once in two weeks.
Although Lawrence is one of the pioneer townships of the county, and in all matters of county progress and advancement, she is not entitled to first honor in matters of education so far as the first school erected is concerned, but from the best authority obtainable, the second school-house was built in the township in the year 1806. This was located north and east from Clayville town nearly opposite the mouth of Clearfield Creek. Here the redoubtable Samuel Fulton taught, and was afterward followed by Miss Davis and Miss Goon. An old school was built about twenty rods above the covered bridge at Clearfield town, on the west side of the river within the limits of the present borough of West Clearfield. The exact date of its erection is unknown. Among the early teachers there can be remembered the names of John Campbell, Miss Brockway and Benjamin Merrell.
One of the first school-houses on the " ridges " was built about 1823 or 1824, about eighty rods from the present Pine Grove school. Daniel Spackman and George Catlette were among the first teachers there. About two miles above on the farm of Ignatius Thompson, a log school was built in 1826 or 1827. Mr. Thompson and Jonathan R. Ames were the first teachers there. On the lower end of Thompson's place another school was built about 1832. Patrick Hagerty taught there two or three winters. In 1831 the first school was built on the site of the present Pine Grove school building. The first teacher was John Hoover, the second James Cathcart. At the mouth of Wolf stood a log house built for a dwelling, but was used for school purposes.
At the present day there are in Lawrence township fourteen schools located respectively : Driftwood, in the southwest part of the township on the river ; Hazel Green, in south part near Dougherty's ; Pine Grove, at the forks of the road above Amos Read's ; Clover Hill, near Clearfield Creek, near the Tate Settlement ; Mount Carmel, near Morgan's in the south part of the township on the ridges ; Centre, on the west side of the river below Porter's mill ; Montgomery, one mile from Clearfield on road to McPherson's ; Mount Zion, in Orr neighborhood in west part of the township ; Paradise, on Penfield road ; Pleasant Dale, in north part of township ; Mount Joy, in north part near cemetery ; Waterford, near railroad bridge over Clearfield Creek, in the east part of the township on the Waterford turnpike ; Wolf Run, so named from the stream on which it is situate ; Hillsdale, at a small hamlet east of Clearfield borough.
Lawrence Grange No. 533 of the Patrons of Husbandry, was organized May 12, 1875, by 0. S. Cary, of Punxsutawney, Jefferson county. The charter members were J. R. Read, W. P. Read, Miles Read, Alexander Read, Geo. L. Read, W. S. Read, Alexander Read, jr., M. J. Owens, W. T. Spackman, James Spackman, R. S. Spackman, Mary W. Read, Mary M. Read, Ellen A. Read, Sally E. Read, Rebecca M. Read. Mary C. Read, J. Blair Read, Maggie Owens, J. Alice Read, Mary E. Spackman.
From the time of its organization to the present, the following persons have officiated in the capacity of master, the presiding officer of the society : 1876, W. P. Read ; 1877, James Spackman ; 1878, J. A. Read ; 1879, W. S. Read ; 1880, Miles Read ; 1881, J. B. Read ; 1882-83, W. A. Porter ; 1884, H. L. Dunlap ; 1885, Leander Denning ; 1886, J. R. Caldwell. The officers for the year 1887 are as follows : master, W. K. Henderson ; overseer, H. L. Dunlap ; lecturer, Miss L. R. Read ; steward, W. P. Read ; asst. steward, L. E. Spackman; chaplain, Miss S. J. Blair ; secretary, Miss S. E. Read; gate-keeper, Miles Read ; lady asst. steward, Miss J. M. Read ; Pomona, Mrs. M. W. Read ; Ceres, Mrs. Ellen Read ; Flora, Mrs. M. E. Spackman . Lawrence Grange has at the present time a membership of fifty-three.
Mount Joy Grange, No. 584, P. of H. was organized August 10, 1885, with the following charter members : J. B. Shaw, W. B. Owens, Abraham
Humphrey, Joseph Owens, R. J. Conklin, M. V. Owens, J. B. Ogden, J. Conklin, William Lansberry, L. C. Shaffner, Thompson Read, G. W. Ogden, Matthew Ogden, George Shaw, F. Bumgardner, Clara E. Shaw, Sarah A. Shaw, Rachel Shaw, Anna B. Read, Mary Conklin, Anna G. Shaffner, Mary L. Ogden, M. J. Ogden, M. E. Owens, Martha J. Owens. The first officers elected were: J. B. Shaw, master ; Matthew Ogden, overseer ; J. B. Ogden, secretary. From the date of organization to the present time the succession of masters has been as follows : M. J. Owens, Matthew Ogden, William Lansberry, John Shaw, Jackson Conklin, M. V. Owens, Zach Ogden, G. W. Ogden. Mount Joy Grange is one of the substantial and progressive subordinate grange orders in the county. The home of the order is in the north part of Lawrence township, and in its membership is found the best and most thrifty farmers in that locality. From an original number of twenty-five members, there has been such an interest felt in its welfare and such benefits derived from the order, that within two years the membership has increased to ninety. The present officers of Mount Joy Grange are: Master, R. J. Conklin; overseer, Henry Ogden ; lecturer, J. W. Wallace ; steward, W. H. Moore ; assistant steward, W. B. Owens ; chaplain, Jackson Conklin; secretary, M. J. Owens; treasurer, Oliver Conklin ; gate keeper, G. W. Ogden ; Ceres, Annie M. Conklin ; Pomona, M. E. Owens ; Flora, Lizzie Butler ; lady assistant steward, Delia Conklin.
The coaling interests and deposits of Lawrence township are as yet undeveloped, but sufficient quantities are known to exist, and in veins of sufficient depth to warrant mining for the markets. The local demand is readily supplied from numerous banks throughout the township, and a company has been formed for extensive operations near Mitchell Station, on Little Clearfield Creek. The company comprises the following well known residents of Clearfield borough : John F. Weaver, William W. Betts, William D. Bigler, A. Bowman Weaver, and James Kerr, the last named, Mr. Kerr, being general manager of. the works. The vein of coal, which has proved to be of excellent quality, is four feet in thickness, and topped by an eight inch vein of cannel coal, a superior quality and very valuable. The O'Shanter Coal Company, for such is the name of the company, are preparing for active operations. A branch track, seventy-five hundred feet in length, is being built to connect with the Beech Creek Railroad. This discovery and development will stimulate further operations by other parties and in other localities, and by so doing add materially to the prosperity and welfare of the township. The coal exists, and its full development is now simply a question of time.
In the west part of the township, near J. L McPherson's, has been found a superior quality of glass-sand, and in quantities sufficient to interest some prominent persons. An analysis has shown it to compare favorably with the best glass-sand found or used in this country. Negotiations are now pending,
which, if consummated, will develop an industry hitherto unknown to the county, and of great value to the parties interested.
WEST CLEARFIELD BOROUGH.
At the June Sessions of the year 1883, a petition was presented to the Court, signed by forty-four residents of that part of Lawrence township lying on the west side of the West Branch, opposite the borough of Clearfield, praying that the town be incorporated as a borough. The petition was referred to the grand jury for such action as they deemed proper.
On the 5th of June the grand jury, after a full consideration of the matter, reported favorably, and recommended that the prayer of the petitioners be granted, whereupon the court, on the 24th day of September, 1883, confirmed the judgment and report of the grand jury, and appointed the place for holding elections at the school-house in the borough, and declared West Clearfield borough to be a separate election district.
A petition was subsequently presented requesting that the limits be changed, and the farm and woodlands be excluded, which request was refused. Upon this a rule was granted whereby the burgess and council were required to show cause why the borough limits should not be so amended, and its territory reduced. The question was revived and argued several times, and not yet finally disposed of.
At the first election for borough officers, the following were chosen : Burgess, Aaron G. Kramer ; councilmen, 0. B. Merrell, Samuel I. Burge, J. A. Miller, Reuben Hackman, James H. Dale, and Philip Reece ; clerk, 0. B. Merrell; justices of the peace, J. C. Barclay and Ashley Thorn ; constable, J. H. Larrimer.
In 1884 Aaron G. Kramer was elected burgess, and school directors as follows : Henry Markle, James H. Kelley, George W. Orr, Aaron G. Kramer, S. P. Shank, and James H. Dale. In 1885 Ashley Thorn was elected burgess, and 0. B. Merrell, clerk.
The present officers are : Burgess, J. C. Barclay, appointed in place of A. J. Grier, resigned ; clerk, 0. B. Merrell, in place of Aaron G. Kramer, resigned ; councilmen, 0. B. Merrell, S. I. Burge, Philip Reese, Patrick J. Ducet, Charles Wheeler, and James H. Dale ; justices, J. C. Barclay and J. N. McCullough ; constable, J. H. Larrimer ; high constable, A. J. Gearhart ; assessor, Reuben Hackman ; treasurer, S. E. Kramer ; auditors, C. H. Geulich, Newton Nichols, and W. T. Humphrey ; overseers, J. I. McBride and M. J. Fetzer.
The borough has two schools, the latter built in 1885 and not yet entirely completed. The old school not being large enough to accommodate the scholars, the new became a necessity.
The Methodist Episcopal church was organized about fifteen years ago. The society was composed mainly of residents in the vicinity of West Clear‑
field town, who desired a place of worship nearer their homes than the Clearfield Methodist Episcopal church. The society, although burdened with a considerable debt during the early years of its existence, is now in a prosperous condition under the pastoral charge of Rev. G. P. Sarvice.
West Clearfield is a small borough of about four hundred inhabitants. There are no manufacturing industries within its borough limits, but a short distance north stands the red mill and Primpton's foundry and repair shops, both being in Lawrence township.
The grounds of the Clearfield Agricultural Park Association, comprising about twenty-eight acres of land, lie within the limits of the borough.
Three or four small stores and a blacksmith shop comprise the business interests of the place.
THE MUNICIPAL DISTRICT CALLED PINE.
The territory embraced within this district was erected into a qualified township under and by virtue of an act of the Legislature, passed and approved the 10th day of April, 1873, for the purposes therein named. It has no history save the act by which it was created. There are but one or two squatter families living in the district. A clearing of a few acres in extent was made on the turnpike road leading to Penfield, and a log house was built thereon and occupied by L. J. Smith. The act referred to is as follows :
" Section 1. Be it enacted &c., That all of the provisions of the act of this general assembly, approved February 14, 1863, entitled ' An act to lay out and make a state road in the county of Clearfield,' which authorizes the appointment of commissioners to take charge of said road, and appropriate certain taxes on lands therein named, to the improvement of said road, and which give authority to said commissioners to assess taxes on said lands, and collect the same, be and the same are hereby repealed, to take effect forthwith, and in the room and stead thereof, the lands named in the said act are in part erected into a new township, under the control and government of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Clearfield county, as hereinafter provided, and all of the said lands not included in the said township shall be and they are hereby restored to the jurisdiction and control of the municipal authorities to which they respectively belong, except that tracts numbers 3586, 3595, 3606, and 3586 be and they are hereby annexed to Union township for all purposes.
" Section 2. That all that part of the township of Pike and Huston, in the county of Clearfield, composed in part of the lands named in the act described in the first section of this act, beginning at the southeast corner of the township of Union, thence through tracts numbered 4252, 4251, and by the west lines of tracts numbers 4258, 4257, 4256, and 4254, north to the northwest corner of tract number 4254 ; thence east by the north line of number 4254, to the west line of tract number 5670 ; thence by said west line of number
MORRIS TOWNSHIP.
5670 north to the northwest corner of said tract number 5670 ; thence by the north line of said tract and tract 4265, east to the east line of Lawrence township ; thence south to the southeast corner of tract 5783 ; thence west by the south lines of tracts 5783, 5784, 4253, and 4252, to the southeast corner of Union township, and place of beginning, shall be and is hereby separated from the said townships and created into municipal district, to be called Pine, which, when it shall have twenty qualified resident electors therein, may be, on their petition, or that of a majority of them, declared a township by the Court of Quarter Sessions of Clearfield county without proceedings by view.
" Section 3. That the said unseated district shall be and it is hereby annexed to and made a part of the township of Lawrence for all purposes, until erected into a township, except as hereafter provided.
" Section 4. There shall be annually appointed by the Court of Quarter Sessions of Clearfield county, three commissioners to take charge of the roads within the said district, who shall have all the power and be subject to all the liabilities imposed upon and possessed by supervisors of highways in the assessment and collection of road taxes on the lands and property in said district, and in the repair of all roads now in existence therein ; and the said commissioners shall have power to assess school taxes on all property in said district, not exceeding the rates now allowed by law, and may collect the same by return thereof as unseated taxes to the commissioners of said county, and by their warrant ; and the said taxes shall be by them paid into the treasury of the county of Clearfield, to the credit of said unseated district of Pine.
" Section 5. The said commissioners shall be appointed annually at the January term of court of said county, and for the remainder of this year the said court may appoint them at the June term ; and the said court may fix the amount of surety and approve the security, and shall have control of and general authority to compel obedience to their duties by any process of said courts ; and the county auditors of said county shall annually settle the accounts of said commissioners at the regular county settlement."
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So today I'm delighted and excited to be part of the blog tour for Hydra by Matt Wesolowski today. Hydra is book two in the Six Stories series based on Scott King and her Serial style investigative podcasts. I had heard a lot about the first book, Six Stories, and was really keen to read it so I jumped at the chance to read Hydra and resolved to read Six Stories first, which I almost didn't do but once I started Hydra I quickly realised that I needed to read the first book forst. But that makes this a bit different as I'm going to review Six Stories before I go on to Hydra. If you've read Six Stories or are only here because of Hydra then feel free to scroll down.
I was intrigued to read Six Stories having heard so much about it but I wasn't really sure what to expect. What I got was the story of a young boy called Tom who had gone missing, only for his body to be found a year later in a quiet and secluded fell, the crime had never been solved and the case was now considered to be a cold case.
Scott King has a podcast, over six episodes her talks to different people involved in one crime trying to uncover what really happened and who might have done it. So here she talks to Tom's friends who were with him that fateful night and to the adults who were in charge at the outward bound centre that he went missing from.
I liked how the story was slowly revealed as we put the pieces of the puzzle together as we found out more about Tom and his friends and what they had been up to before he went missing. But the story doesn't put all the pieces into place, we get to think for ourselves and make up our own mind about what we think might have happened.
I thoroughly enjoyed reading Six Stories, it's a bit different and very well written and definitely the start of a promising series.
Having recently read and thoroughly enjoyed Six Stories I was looking forward to reading Hydra, book two of the six stories series. Firstly, I would definitely recommend that you read Six Stories first as I started to read Hydra without having read Six Stories and I didn't get very far before I had to admit that I was very confused and wasn't really sure what on earth was going on. Once I read the brilliant Six Stories I was able to return to Hydra and get into the story or Arla, a woman who murdered her parents and little sister.
This case is a bit different to Six Stories in that that one focused on a cold case, but this case had been solved and everyone knew that Arla had killed her family. But what nobody knew was why. So when Arla said that she would only speak to Scott King he was keen to see if he could find out what had happened on that fateful day and why.
If I'm honest I preferred the story in Six Stories, but Hydra was still a cracking read that kept me guessing and thinking right the way to the end.
Thank you to Orenda Books and Anne Cater for a copy of Hydra. All thoughts are my own.
One cold November night in 2014, in a small town in the north west of England, 26-year-old Arla Macleod bludgeoned her mother, father and younger sister to death with a hammer, in an unprovoked attack known as the 'Macleod Massacre'. Now incarcerated at a medium-security mental-health institution, Arla will speak to no one but Scott King, an investigative journalist, whose 'Six Stories' podcasts have become an internet sensation.
Matt Wesolowski is an author from Newcastle-Upon-Tyne in the UK. He is an English tutor and leads Cuckoo Young Writers creative writing workshops for young people in association with New Writing North. Matt started his writing career in horror and his short horror fiction has been published in Ethereal Tales magazine, Midnight Movie Creature Feature anthology, 22 More Quick Shivers anthology and many more. His debut novella The Black Land, a horror set on the Northumberland coast, was published in. Matt was a winner of the Pitch Perfect competition at Bloody Scotland Crime Writing Festival in 2015. His debut thriller Six Stories was an Amazon bestseller in the USA, Canada, UK and Australia.
Six Stories and Hydra by Matt Wesolowski are out now and available from Amazon UK and Amazon US.
When I first heard about Veronica's Bird I was immediately intrigued and I wondered what would it be like to be one of the only women working in a men's prison. So that is what I asked Veronica Bird to write about. I hope that you find it as interesting as I did.
Veronica came to male prisons following several years in female jails – some would say she was taking on a far harder job, solely because the cells were filled with men. But, one should understand that running a female prison is just as difficult, and certainly as dangerous. One female inmate managed to put all six of her nurses in hospital with broken limbs, and described by the doctors as: 'capable of attacking with murderous severity.' As she was escorted to a prison van she required six prison officers to attend to her.
Men may be physically more powerful, but one can die from a well-placed shard of glass, as a squeeze to the throat. It is, perhaps, the sheer bulk of some of these men, the silent ones especially, who are the most intimidating, but staff are well-trained to understand each prisoner's characteristics and react accordingly.
In Veronica's experience over thirty-five years, she found men would respect a Governor if she was to keep her word on pledges made. Fairness as well as strict attention to the rules to both staff and prisoners, allowed prisoners to see where she was heading and they, along with her. In all of her time as a serving Prison Officer, she was never assaulted, though, naturally she has never down-played the inherent danger of her job. She had two mantras: never to find out what they were in for, and always to honour a promise to help a prisoner with a particular problem in life. Her plan was to get the inmate through his term with as little disturbance to the life of the prison as was possible.
Some prisoners show a curious mixture of gentlemanly behaviour, being polite and co-operative and at other times they could 'lose it', making restraint a task for half a dozen burly officers. Charles Bronson was one of these, a man who Veronica looked after for a month, to give Wakefield Prison respite from the day to day stress which arose from his conduct. Bronson, now renamed Salvador, after his hero artist, is one of the best-known prisoners in the country with a documentary film to his name, his paintings sell all over the world. He has written books with proceeds from sales going to charities of his choosing. Reputed to carry out two thousand press-ups a day and built like a bull, this same man who would politely discuss the time of the day with Veronica through an open cell door, could also wreak havoc when '…the demons take hold of me.' She was never allowed to come too close to him, but Charlie was always a gentleman and never swore.
To be a woman in a male only prison means understanding each and every one of one's charges, getting to know their foibles, fears and faults in equal measure but refusing to allow them to overstep the mark. There is a red line which, from time to time, they may lap against, but Veronica never permitted them to cross to the other side. It is probably not surprising, therefore, to find that, given a 'basket case' of a prison to take over, with no extra money, she turned it around in a year making it into a model against which all others would be judged.
Male or female, they both have their own demands, their own strengths whether it is physical or mental; both have to be watched just as carefully as the other, for unpredictability is the watchword.
Veronica's Bird – Copyright © Richard Newman 2018. Authors Veronica Bird and Richard Newman. Publisher Clink Street Publications January 23rd 2018.
Veronica's Bird is released on 23rd January 2018 and is available from Amazon UK and Amazon US.
I jumped at the chance to take part in the blog tour for Deep Blue Trouble by Steph Broadribb. I hadn't read the first book in the series, Deep Down Dead, but really wanted to having heard so much about it. So I figured that if I agreed to read and take part in this tour it would give me a good reason to read the first book. Unfortunately life gets in the way and I just didn't have time to read Deep Down Dead before Deep Blue Trouble but thankfully I'm pretty sure that that didn't matter.
The events of book one quickly become apparent and more is revealed as the book progresses, I'm sure that it is always better to read the books in order but if you haven't read book one, don't let it stop you reading Deep Blue Trouble.
I really enjoyed reading this book, it has a fast pace and plenty of twists and turns along with the who can you trust element too. I liked Lori, the main character who is a bounty hunter in Florida who finds herself in unfamiliar territory when she goes to California to hunt a dangerous man. It is a job that she doesn't want to do but she is forced into it by an FBI agent who promises her that he will help out a friend who is in trouble with the law.
The case proves to be more difficult than Lori had hoped and it causes her to push herself in ways that she had never imagined but will she manage to catch the fugitive in time?
The only little gripe that I had was that we were constantly reminded of the reasons why Lori had agreed to take the case, we knew why she was doing it and how much riding on her succeeding and I didn't need to be reminded so often. But apart from that I loved the book, I still really want to read the first book in the series and I look forward to the third book! It's great to read about a feisty female character.
Steph Broadribb was born in Birmingham and grew up in Buckinghamshire. Most of her working life has been spent between the UK and USA. As her 'alter ego' Crime Thriller Girl she indulges her love of all things crime fiction by blogging at http://www.crimethrillergirl.com where she interviews authors and reviews the latest releases. Steph is an alumni of the MA in Creative Writing (Crime Fiction) at City University London and she trained as a bounty hunter in California. She lives in Buckinghamshire surrounded by horses, cows and chickens. He debut thriller, Deep Down Dead, was shortlisted for the Dead Good Reader Awards in two categories and hit number one on the UK and AU Kindle charts.
Deep Blue Trouble by Steph Broadribb is out now and available from Amazon UK and Amazon US.


And who she is called to be.
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Established in 2010, I AM HER ® Apparel is for the girl who is becoming, for the woman who is evolving and for the girl who knows who she is, who she is called to be and shows up in the world unapologetically leaving her mark. I AM HER® Apparel's purpose is uplift her, inspire her, transform and empower her with every style and design unapologetically created with "her" in mind. I AM HER® is a registered trademark owned by parent company, His Daughter, LLC.


CurlyTop Baker started with a vision, feeding the homeless in the Las Vegas Valley by sharing a little love and hope one freshly baked cookie at a time. As the love for our cookies began to spread starting out baking for family, friends, neighbors, school functions and every party around, our kitchen expanded and a business founded on leaving a lasting impact in our communities was established.
We at CurlyTop Baker are dedicated to leading the industry in providing an exceptional made-from-scratch, melt in your mouth cookie. Our dough is made with only the highest quality pure ingredients comprising of real creamy butter, pure vanilla, cage free eggs, zero additives or preservatives and 100% non-GMO.
We pride ourselves in extending impeccable customer service while savoring the fact that our cookies are collectively enjoyed by families, friends and corporate America, making us part of their celebrations and memories - a cookie truly everybody will remember.


The Dutch Caribbean island of Saba is a long way from Fitzrovia but its rocky landscape provided fertile inspiration for Wendy Shillam's high-rise vegetable garden in W1. Seeing the way the resourceful Sabans raised veg crops in containers or in thin soil on the mountain terraces surrounding their cottages, Wendy realised that lack of cultivatable land need not be an obstacle to growing food on her fifth floor roof terrace in central London.
In 2011 she set about converting the 17 x 19 foot (5 x 6m) space from an under-achieving blank canvas to a fully-fledged potager among the chimney pots. As an architect and urban planner, Wendy's approach was disciplined, and resisting the urge to smother every square inch with plant life, she installed a handful of 600mm square raised beds, interspersed with decking panels of the same size. The dimensions of the beds work well in the small space – "easier for reaching over and navigating around" notes Wendy, as well as allowing space for a café table and chairs for al fresco relaxing.
With only 6" planting depth to play with, root crops are not generally part of the Rooftop Vegplot equation but by using deeper containers Wendy can harvest new potatoes as a Christmas treat. Salad crops are a constant however, with Salad Bowl the reliable mainstay, although Wendy is still hunting for the perfect rocket variety that doesn't bolt too quickly. A devotee of raising from seed, Wendy has catholic tastes, recommending Kings Seeds for radishes, and The Edible Flower Shop for bee-friendly borage. The Morning Glory seeds came from Franchi and Chiltern Seeds is another go-to supplier; Wendy also likes French seeds such as Vilmorin as they work well in hotter climates and "the French care about what they eat!" One plant she would not be without is wild celery (Apium graveolens), which willingly self-seeds but "never outgrows its welcome. It smells nice and you can use it to flavour autumn salads and stir-fries." The seeds can be also used to make celery salt.
The Rooftop Vegplot is run organically, with nematodes being unleashed against an outbreak of wine weevil, and the slugs that have somehow found their way up to the fifth floor. To show how effective the nematodes have been, Wendy points out the pansies growing among the lettuces: both are in peak condition, with not a hint of slug damage. Other predators are few – no cats venture up here and the trellising deters pigeons. Even Rosa Bar, Wendy and Mike's lively miniature Schnauzer, knows to keep out of the raised beds.
Without a lift to transport materials up and down five flights of stairs, Wendy operates the garden as a closed system, composting all green and brown garden waste in situ in an old school trunk. Purchased online and insulated with polystyrene, this unusual bin is teeming with brandling worms, which Wendy says arrived of their own accord. She finds that coffee grounds make a good soil conditioner while egg shells help regulate the compost's acidity – handy, since Wendy runs a highly acclaimed B&B in her home (http://www.bb-london.co.uk) and therefore has a ready supply of both ingredients. The homemade compost is mixed with vermiculite and coir to get the right consistency and Wendy constantly tops up the beds, to keep nutrient levels high.
Even in such a tiny space there are climatic variations that need to be accommodated. Overseen by the iconic silhouette of the BT Tower, the plot is walled on the north and south, but open to the east and west. The raised bed that gets the least sun has been successfully furnished with a Japanese wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius), whose arching bristly red stems add winter colour to the garden whilst its flavoursome raspberry-like fruits go into Wendy's signature Eton Mess.
In this compact garden space has still been found for both a shed and a 4ft timber greenhouse. Peppers, cucumbers and tomatoes thrive in the greenhouse – the tomatoes being grown in bottomless pots standing on terracotta balls in trays filled with water. Wendy admits this is unconventional, but the searingly hot conditions on the roof make this essential. The main crop is Gardener's Delight, complemented by an annually changing palette of heritage varieties such as Blue Bayou and Yellow Banana.
As for the shed, it is a writer's retreat, a place for plotting rather than potting, since Wendy has added fiction writing to her professional repertoire (she also blogs about the Rooftop Vegplot at http://www.rooftopvegplot.com). A spot of pottering in the garden she says makes the ideal displacement activity to which all writers are prone, admitting, "I have rather a relaxed gardening regime".
Finding that most books on container gardening weren't that helpful for the unique conditions of her rooftop, Wendy, like all pioneers, has found her own way to success. Taking her inspiration from the medieval cottars, she has evolved a dense, cottage garden planting style, in which everything is mixed up, reducing the likelihood of pests and diseases building up.
Wendy is passionate about the benefits of rooftop growing, describing herself as a 'potagista'. If everyone grew something on their roofs, she says, it would improve building insulation, cut heating costs and water run-off, counteract pollution by absorbing carbon dioxide, and reduce inner city overheating. On a personal level, the Rooftop Vegplot has encouraged her to become less wasteful, but for Wendy gardening is about more than just fresh, low-carbon produce, "It's relaxing and good for the soul".
An inspirational blueprint for a more ecological way of inner city living, the Rooftop Vegplot is bigger than the sum of its parts and its fame is growing. As well as sharing her rooftop veg experiences on her blog, Wendy opened the garden as part of this year's Chelsea Fringe, and the RoofTop Vegplot can also be seen by appointment, or as part of a stay at Wendy's B&B.


Home Reviews CeladonCandy: "Celadonia" demands to be treated as a reflection of an artistic existence!
CeladonCandy: "Celadonia" demands to be treated as a reflection of an artistic existence!
Formed in 2010, CeladonCandy is currently Paul Allgood (Vox, Sampling) and Jorge Rangel (Programming, Keys). The alternative electro-pop duo are releasing the 10-track album entitled, "Celadonia", which is due out on the 5th of July. If you've been combing through today's electronic music looking for just a little bit of substance and a slight taste of yesteryear's new wave synth sounds, you may have just found it with CeladonCandy.
Paul Allgood and Jorge Rangel have somehow repackaged retro sounds and taken in new directions with the help of today's technology, and it sounds like they have unearthed a whole new vibe. They have a keen sense for melody, which paired with their entrenched connection to electro sounds, creates a really cool synth affair.
What we have here is not your loud, crass, overrated pop-dance-techno album. "Celadonia" is something truly special that utilizes brilliant compositions and instrumentation, successfully personifying a seemingly unattainable, illusory alternative soundscape.
In a sea of bland, irritating, unmitigated auditory garbage, CeladonCandy's latest effort transcends genre to become a categorical classic. Literally anyone with any musical preference should find something to love.
They move from crushing uptempo tracks like "Socialist" and "Sweet" to melancholy slow-burners like "Snakes". The closest I could come to explaining their sound to a friend was saying it sounded like a blend between Peter Gabriel and Depeche Mode.
They have Gabriel's lyrical depth, and his melodic soundscapes, while they also carry an iota of Depeche Mode's dark, industrial synth sounds.
Headphones were actually invented for sonic experiences like this. From the opening notes of the first song, I got sucked in. Then I got hit with a curveball: Paul Allgood's voice. When I first heard him sing "Undercutter" it gave me Goosebumps.
The man can sing, and I don't mean hitting all those funny notes like an R&B crooner. No, what Allgood does, is climb under the skin of every song, turning it inside out until the seeping raw emotion shows right through.
The best examples might be "Irritant" and "Snakes", which are probably my favorite tracks on the entire album. These are considerate, heartfelt songs. For this reason there is almost an alternative-rock flavor, augmented by the frequency of Paul Allgood's distinct voice.
Jorge Rangel gives you a better picture of the album's continuum, implementing related timbres to make everything work within his massive synth soundscapes.
"Celadonia" is complex lyrically, textually, and rhythmically. On the first listen, it is a lot to take in all at once and it requires your attention to be fully enjoyed.
An album like this demands to be treated as a reflection of an artistic existence, and features the sonic vehicles with which to fulfill that existence. There is no denying that this is an ambitious electronic album with great songwriting, incredible musicianship, and impeccable production quality.
Jasmin Stone: "Time"- pure beauty and elegance rarely found!


Ganesh, dressed to thrill, in the hidden temple.
I could smell incense. I thought I could see a hidden temple. So I parked my motorbike on the side of the road. And carefully threaded my way down the treacherous slope.
I crossed the dodgy bridge to where I glimpsed some buildings in the jungle.
Aah I thought so. A Hindu temple. Run down. With empty Tiger beer cans, crushed cigarette packs and other rubbish lying around. I like the lack of reverence. Opposite to my strict Catholic upbringing.
"Sshhh don't talk during mass or you won't get an ice cream after".
In Hindu tradition, there is no dividing line between the secular and the sacred.
As I wandered around the hidden temple I recognised Ganesh, the elephant-headed god. He is the god of wisdom and learning.
I keep a small statue of him on top of our radar on Yana de Lys. His job description is "remover of obstacles". I'm not sure if I have our relationship right though because I can't get my radar to work.
This week I had a local Moslem guy helping me with the trouble shooting. When he saw Ganesh there he said "That's why it cannot on". ("Cannot on" is the technical term in SE Asia for anything that won't work).
I have an email pen friend at the Furuno office in Singapore. He's been giving me troubleshooting ideas. His latest advice is to bring the unit in for his people to check out. Looks like another trip to Singapore coming up. Any suggestions for art galleries to visit?
I drive past the temple entrance on my way home from Permas Jaya town to Senibong Cove Marina nearly every day.
Recently I was intrigued to see a frenzy of motorbikes and cars parked there as I rode past. This went on for some weeks. A work party. They've chopped down the jungle which gave it atmosphere. It's not a hidden temple anymore. Everything is in plain view. And painted a nauseous shade of green! Oh dear.
Is it possible for you share the google maps link with the location of the temple? I am unable to find it.
1.495740, 103.827080. Let me know if that helps. If not I'll take my handheld GPS and get an accurate fix for you.
Can you please tell me the exact location at Permas Jaya, JB?
Thanks for the reply.What I meant was the exact location of this green temple at Permas Jaya."I drive past the temple entrance on my way home from Permas Jaya town to Senibong Cove Marina nearly every day".
Is it located at Senibong Cove Marina?
Hi again. The temple is near the corner of JB East Coast Highway and Jalan Permas Barat, on the jungle side, not the industrial area side. Thanks for the noonsite and Yindee Plus links. I met the family from Yindee Plus when they were here. They are absolutely lovely people!
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Lili Barouch's, M.D. areas of expertise include peripartum cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a weakness of the heart muscle that by definition begins sometime during the final month of pregnancy through about five months after delivery, without any other known cause. Most commonly, it occurs right after delivery. It is a rare condition that can carry mild or severe symptoms.
One indication of the seriousness of the condition can be measured by something called the ejection fraction, the percentage of blood the heart pumps out with each beat. A normal ejection fraction number is about 60%.
The degree of severity does not seem to affect the degree or rate of recovery. For example, patients with a very low ejection fraction can eventually completely recover from peripartum cardiomyopathy.
Some patients recover only part of their heart function over a period of six months or longer. With others, the heart returns to full strength in as little as two weeks.
The objective of peripartum cardiomyopathy treatment is to keep extra fluid from accumulating in the lungs and to help the heart recover as fully as possible.
For women who breastfeed, there are medications in each of the above classes that are safer for breastfeeding than the most commonly prescribed regimens, but these are equally effective for treatment. Dr. Barouch recommends that if you plan on breastfeeding that you consult with your physician about the proper medication.
While the cause of cardiomyopathy is not always known, it can be brought on by various other conditions and risk factors, including coronary artery disease, viral infection in the heart, various inherited diseases, excess alcohol consumption, smoking and obesity. In these cases, the treatment would be specific to the root condition. To make an accurate diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy, these additional conditions must be excluded as causes when a woman shows symptoms of cardiomyopathy in the peripartum period.
Is it safe for women with peripartum cardiomyopathy to have more children?
The question of having additional children usually hinges on to what degree the mother has recovered from her peripartum cardiomyopathy.
If the heart does not completely recover its work capacity: Another pregnancy is generally not recommended. While there is no direct risk to the baby, going through an additional pregnancy with an abnormally functioning heart can cause additional heart damage for the mother, which could in turn harm the developing fetus.
If the heart has completely recovered from the previous pregnancy: An additional pregnancy can be attempted if the heart is periodically monitored with echocardiograms and stress tests. Echocardiograms check how the heart functions at rest and stress tests measure how the heart works under strain.


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Steve Olson – pisarz amerykański specjalizujący się w pisaniu książek o nauce, matematyce i polityce społecznej. Pracował między innymi w National Academy of Sciences i w Institute for Genomic Research.

Jest autorem kilku książek popularnonaukowych. Między innymi: Shaping the future, Biotechnology, Count Down: Six Kids Vie for Glory at the World's Toughest Math Competition. Publikacja Mapowanie historii ludzkości. Przeszłość ukryta w naszych genach (Mapping Human History. Genes, Race and our Common Origin), która w roku 2002 została nominowana do nagrody National Book Award.

Pisuje także do wielu czasopism takich jak Atlantic Monthly, The Smithsonian, Science, Scientific American, Wired, The Yale Alumni Magazine, The Washingtonian, Slate i Paste. Jego artykuły były w Best American Science and Nature Writing w roku 2003 i w roku 2007.

Mapowanie historii ludzkości to szeroko zakrojona opowieść o ostatnich 150 tysiącach lat w historii człowieka. Steve Olson odwołuje się w niej do nowych odkryć genetycznych, by pokazać, jak powstała ludzkość dzisiejszego świata. W swej podróży przez kontynenty Olson opisuje afrykańskie pochodzenie ludzi współczesnych oraz sposób w jaki następowało ich rozprzestrzenianie. Przedstawia genealogię całej ludzkości, wyjaśniając, na przykład, dlaczego każdy może twierdzić, że jego przodkami są Juliusz Cezar i Konfucjusz. Obala mit dzielenia ludzi na rasy wskazując, że mimo wszystkich różnic grupy ludzkie są do siebie podobne.

Publikacja Mapowanie historii ludzkości zawierała tezę o pochodzeniu ludzi, która była kontrowersyjna w czasie, gdy książka była wydawana. W książce przedstawiony został pogląd, że ostatni wspólny przodek wszystkich ludzi żyjących dziś na ziemi musiał żyć około 2-3 tys. lat temu, co zdaniem genetyków było okresem zbyt krótkim. Jednakże bardziej formalna wersja tej tezy została przedstawiona przez autora, we współpracy z Douglasem Rohde i Josephem Changiem 30 września 2004 roku w artykule opublikowanym w Nature. Jego autorzy stworzyli model populacji ludzkiej jako zbiór podpopulacji, gdzie partnerzy dobierali się przypadkowo, powiązanych przez okazyjnych migrantów. Z użyciem modelu mas ludności na świecie i populacji o ograniczonym poziomie migracji, autorzy wyliczyli, że ostatni wspólny przodek drzewa genealogicznego mógł żyć w roku 55 n.e.

Olson jest żonaty z Lynn Olson, dziennikarką piszącą o edukacji, która jest obecnie starszym oficerem programu Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Mają dwójkę dzieci.

Zobacz też
 genetyka
 psychologia ewolucyjna

Bibliografia
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Linki zewnętrzne
 Strona domowa Steve'a Olsona ze zdjęciem –
 Strona NASW ze zdjęciem Steve'a Olsona –

Amerykańscy pisarze
Paleoantropologia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home › Devil on the Cross
Devil on the Cross
Paperback / softback Trade paperback (US) - Sold Out
The great Kenyan writer and Nobel Prize nominee's novel that he wrote in secret, on toilet paper, while in prison—featuring an introduction by Namwali Serpell, the author of the novel The Old Drift
One of the cornerstones of Ngugi wa Thiong'o's fame, Devil on the Cross is a powerful fictional critique of capitalism. It tells the tragic story of Wariinga, a young woman who moves from a rural Kenyan town to the capital, Nairobi, only to be exploited by her boss and later by a corrupt businessman. As she struggles to survive, Wariinga begins to realize that her problems are only symptoms of a larger societal malaise and that much of the misfortune stems from the Western, capitalist influences on her country. An impassioned cry for a Kenya free of dictatorship and for African writers to work in their own local dialects, Devil on the Cross has had a profound influence on Africa and on post-colonial African literature.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.