One of the solitary crucial concepts in business is the sales funnel. Sales funnels can boost your income online by automating your business. They use a course of least resistance to expanding as well as scaling your company on auto-pilot. However after hanging around with some of the world's ideal online marketers, I can inform you with near assurance, not only just how sales funnels will permit you to make even more cash online, yet which details funnels you should carry out.
Now, if you're anything like me, you may be averse to specific funnels. As an example, I'm never an e-commerce individual, yet I do know that free-plus-shipping funnels are absolutely crushing it. Actually, simply this past week, while participating in the Closing Table Mastermind with Perry Belcher as well as Roland Frasier, I gained a lot more insight right into the appealing "tripwire" funnel, allegedly coined by Perry Belcher.
Nevertheless, Belcher really did not develop the principle. He drew that from an old Columbia House advertisement that marketed 13 CDs or tapes for the huge rate of $1.00. Remember it? But most of us recognize that this alluring offer (aka tripwire) had way extra to it than just the $1.00 cost. In the background, there was a continuity program at work. In Columbia House's' version, this was called negative alternative invoicing. That implies, you instantly get regular month-to-month shipments (together with an expense) unless you expressly state otherwise.
So why is this so powerful and also what does it pertain to sales funnels? As a matter of fact, what you'll see is that Columbia House's sales funnel was quite easy. You just selected the CDs or tapes you wanted for a buck, after that obtained a routine monthly shipment each and every single month at a pre-defined rate. They would continually bill you for those CDs or tapes every month. There were variations of this offer too where you can order 11 CDs or tapes for one cent then get the 12th complimentary.
Either way you check out it, these were all irresistible offers. This was also good to skip. However what Columbia House and other firms understood was that, although they would certainly shed loan out of the gate, they would, usually, gradually, generate income turn over first. Which is the power of the sales funnel. Before automation, this is exactly how sales funnels functioned. And also, if you called in, you would get a real-time individual efficiently strolling you with the funnel.
The Columbia House instance uses deep insight into the psychology of a deal that's alluring. By first identifying the lifetime worth of a consumer and also their retention price, Columbia House figured out that it can spend a specific amount of money acquiring customers and also still be highly lucrative. That's essentially what's finished with sales funnels today. And also what truly makes those sales funnels so powerful are tripwires.
Today, it's the tripwire that develops the alluring offer. Although Columbia House really did not quite have major up-sells or down-sells in their funnels, they created a simple two action funnel that worked. It worked because the tripwire was so attractive. It appealed deeply to the consumer. After all, exactly how can you withstand an offer like that for 12 or 13 CDs or tapes for $1 or 1 cent when they were retailing at around $10 each at the time.
Another powerful example of this was through Sports Illustrated. Actually, Sports Illustrated was effectively on the decrease at the time it introduced its revolutionary tripwire. There's something about tangible products that people simply connect with. Even when you're offering an electronic details item on the backside, by sweetening the take care of a tangible great, you can quite essentially send your conversions through the roof.
In the instance of Sports Illustrated, take yourself back to 1990 when magazine registration prices were starting to hand over. Because period, Sports Illustrated experienced a 7% decline in their circulation in the first half of the year. Now, whatever they did, they were incapable to obtain the subscription rates up. Also by offering deep discount rates on memberships, customers weren't ordering it. Plus, if they discounted as well considerably, it would influence their capability to get marketers paying premium rates without showing that customers were paying close to the full cover price of the magazine.
Sports Illustrated, had by Time, Inc., had not been the only magazine that was enduring under the business's umbrella. People publication had actually additionally experienced a serious decline of 5%. Time, Inc., knew that it required to do something fast. So it started to offer a tripwire that included sports mistakes on VHS. Nonetheless, the expense was outrageous as well as there were just so many bungles it can use. So, they relied on the football phone as the new tripwire.
Why the football phone? First, it attracted the target audience. As well as, it was one-of-a-kind as well as amazing. Even more amazing than a monotonous magazine registration. The football-shaped phone principle was developed by Sports Illustrated's director of flow at the time, Michael Loeb. At that time, advertising on wire was also extremely economical. Plus, the phone, which was sourced from China, only set you back a few dollars "landed". So all of it made sense.
Loeb worked on the logistics of this deal for numerous months. However, that wasn't the only offer. They likewise cooked up a deal that consisted of a sneaker phone. If you'll reflect to 1990-1991, it was both provides that were running nearly simultaneously. Talk about an early-on split-test, right?
So, what were the outcomes of all this? Over 1 million brand-new customers. That's right. And those deals only ran for a limited time. However it properly saved the firm. That's the power of a tripwire deal. It's a substantial item that gets people thrilled regarding whatever else the core deal is. In fact, some individuals will just purchase what you're marketing only for the uniqueness of the concrete tripwire deal.
Sales funnels are among the single most effective principles in organisation today for a very specific reason. It's not simply the example of the tripwire that's powerful. It's the whole kitten cheat, in a manner of speaking. There are a lot of components and also parts to what make a sales funnel job so well that I intended to break it down as well as give some even more examples to offer a much deeper understanding to exactly how you can utilize them to enhance your earnings online.
Now, if you're not using a sales funnel now, or if you're simply finding what a sales funnel is, then there are a few methods you can rapidly take advantage of this effective concept in your service to create explosive outcomes. First and foremost, if you do not have a ClickFunnels account, go below and sign up for the 14-day totally free test. When you've setup your account, order a customized domain name and start constructing your funnel. If you require aid, view some of the on-boarding videos included with ClickFunnels.
No matter if you have an existing business or you're working to configuration a new service, funnels are the secret to expanding and also scaling regardless of where you're starting from. Nonetheless, there are 5 specific ways you can utilize sales funnels to boost your revenue now. It matters not what organisation you remain in or what you're selling, you can take advantage of these today, now, to create explosive outcomes.
At the Inner Circle mastermind this week, Russell Brunson explored the hook-story-offer method that precedes developing the funnel. Can you build a sales funnel prior to you have a hook and a story? Yes. Yet you might have trouble obtaining traction, specifically if you're competing in a red sea. Red seas are entrepreneur-infested waters completing for the very same pool of consumers, whereas blue seas are a location where few business owners are swimming in.
What does that inform you? Spend the moment on the hook as well as the story. Yes, the deal is also essential. However it's the hook and also the tale that's mosting likely to reel leads in. As an example, Brunson utilized the narrative of fit-to-fat-to-fat creator, Drew Manning. Manning, who remained in great form, went out there as well as got a number of weight over a 6 month duration to much better recognize what it feels like to be fat. However after that he headed out there and also shed all the weight.
That right there is an unbelievable hook as well as story. It's special. As well as, as a result of that, Manning has actually experienced a speedy surge, despite the fact that his deal isn't that great. But when the hook and the story is just so good, the offer is virtually inconsequential. Effectively, you can offer just about anything when the hook as well as the tale simply squash it. An additional instance is the tale of Robert Allen that would certainly constantly claim he could be decreased in any type of city in the country as well as get a residence no money down within 60 days. Which's precisely what he did. His brand has done over a billion dollars in sales as a result of it.
Those are all fantastic hooks as well as stories. Without that, your offer will struggle. If you can generate a special way to develop your hook and also story, the rest will certainly form. Because there is so much red sea out there, this is probably among one of the most crucial indicate make prior to you launch any kind of sales funnel.
Tripwires are fantastic low-barrier-of-entry products that make prospects use their credit cards. Usually, these are too-good-to-pass-up items that are offered at an amazing rate. Just consider the tripwire supplied by Columbia House or Sports Illustrated, for instance. Tripwires aid make it simpler to acquire brand-new clients, and then to ascend them up your worth ladder.
Anything that makes consumer procurement harder, such as an expensive product or service out of the gate, is mosting likely to make growing as well as scaling your organisation harder. The truth is that it sets you back 5 times as much to bring in a brand-new consumer as it does to preserve an existing one. That's why tripwires are so effective. They reduced the barrier-of-entry right into your company. And also anything that can lower the barrier of access is always optimal.
Another excellent means to introduce a sales funnel as well as easily enhance your revenue whatever organisation you're in is with a lead magnet. The lead magnet requires to include real worth. But it can be in numerous layouts such as a PDF e-book, list, rip off sheet and more. After the download, you can supply an one-time offer. This suggests a three-step funnel. You can likewise produce an up-sell if they take the single offer or even a payment-plan down-sell if they decline it.
Why do a lead magnet with lots of worth? First, you're establishing on your own up as an expert. If that content is really workable, and also it adds a massive quantity of value to the possibility's life, after that they're going to regard you as the authority. Yet it does something much more than that. It refers micro-commitments. The concept? Obtain a person to concur to do three tiny points for you as well as the 4th one is quickly a yes.
Among one of the most effective sales funnels you can build is based around the webinar. In fact, it was the webinar that conserved Brunson's business from insolvency a couple of times. It was a mix and end result of expertise that cause the best webinar manuscript, which creates the basis for the supreme sales funnel. Some of it came from Jason Fladlien, while other items originated from in other places in Brunson's journey.
Nonetheless, all that details combined into the layout of a perfect webinar and funnel, has actually literally transformed business of many business owners who have actually taken their knowledge and also monetized it with the exponential force of webinars. Building a webinar is among the surest paths to success with a sales funnel. Actually, the webinar funnel is rather potentially the most transformative funnel you might release for any kind of service, new or old.
The application permits you to weed out those who aren't serious. And also, on the phone call, you can close the deal. Now, this kind of sales funnel works if you have actually currently had outcomes with clients. If not, help complimentary up until you get outcomes for individuals. After that, accumulate reviews and make use of those as part of the pitch for the training.
Possibly one of the greatest and also most popular sales funnels these days is the free-plus-shipping deal funnel. It makes a terrific entry factor into any funnel by producing a single deal or up-sell after the offer, comparable to a tripwire funnel. However, the distinction here is the power of the word totally free. Yes, tripwires, which are very affordable products or services, function well. However there is real power in the word cost-free.
As a matter of fact, people will certainly raise as well as down for a complimentary deal, even if they have to cover the shipping as well as handling, in contrast to taking an offer that they even have to pay a small quantity of loan for.


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Are We Ready to Raise Taxes to Fund Britain's NHS?
Posted by Scott Lucas | Jun 17, 2018 | 1
"There are critical political questions to be answered about how much extra we are all prepared to pay for decent, modern, and well-integrated health and social care of the NHS"
As UK Prime Minister Theresa May pledges a £20 billion injection into Britain's National Health Service — but does not say how this will be funded — Professor Judith Smith writes for the Social Sciences Birmingham Forum:
"Tax rises needed to prevent NHS misery". This was the stark warning from the BBC, reacting to analysis by the Health Foundation and Institute for Fiscal Studies that suggests that just to keep providing the level of service it does today, the NHS will need an extra 3.3% of funding for each of the next 15 years. For the NHS to bring about modest improvements in its services, the Health Foundation and IFS argue that 4% annual rises in funding are needed, with 5% increases for a few years to kick-start the process of change.
If much-needed increases are also given to social care funding, the IFS and Health Foundation conclude that — together with required additional funding for the NHS — the country will find itself spending 11.4% of national income on health and social care, compared with 8.4% now. The authors conclude that taxes will have to rise to fund this, given the general consensus that the British public will never tolerate paying more money directly for some health services in the way that people do in many countries.
Making Tough Decisions
A team from the Health Services Management Centre, led by Dr Iestyn Williams, has just completed analysis for the Health Foundation about cash-strapped NHS organisations making tough rationing decisions that include delaying backlog maintenance, and holding back on important capital spending and building schemes. The NHS is running round in ever-decreasing circles and (as with any household facing financial strife) taking money out of savings to fund everyday spending and holding back on routine repairs or longer-term improvements.
New Funding Deal — Will They Deliver?
Much hope is being pinned on the expected announcement by the Prime Minister of a new funding deal for the NHS to coincide with its 70th birthday. However, we have been here before. The Comprehensive Spending Review of 2015 was trailed as an important new financial settlement for the NHS to enable it to implement its Five Year Forward View plans, yet our analysis of its less-than-adequate allocation for health and social care concluded it was a "crisis deferred, not averted".
As a nation we display rather contradictory behaviour towards the NHS, and I am no exception to this. Watching the NHS Heroes programme recently, I lurched from feeling proud and emotional at the stories of exceptional care and service, to being somewhat unsettled by the constant applause at the mention by host Paul O'Grady of "NHS", which jarred with what I know of the sometimes mixed experience people have of NHS and social care. I concluded that we have to confront honestly the need for the NHS to change and improve, as well as cleaving to what is good and valuable about it as a universally-provided and tax-funded service.
The Price We're Willing to Pay
It is here that we face the crunch, for there are critical political questions to be answered about how much extra we are all prepared to pay for decent, modern, and well-integrated health and social care. When the TV applause fades, and we await our pay packet at the end of the month, what will we expect in return for a larger tax or national insurance deduction?
I think the answer here is that we will be much less tolerant of the old-fashioned delivery of some services such as not being able to consult our GP online or by phone, receiving hospital appointments via paper letters, sometimes phoning multiple times to receive test results, and struggling to coordinate care for our frail elderly relatives in what is a fiendishly complicated and often fragmented care system.
As the old saying goes, to those to whom much is given, of them much will be expected. I think this is going to be the case with the NHS as it prepares to receive a birthday gift in the Autumn Budget. Assuming that taxes rise to fund health care more generously for the next decade, there will be strings attached, ones that will likely mean a shake-up of the NHS. My fervent hope is that this will not be (yet another) organisational restructuring, but rather some serious modernization of the way in which care is delivered, so that the NHS can truly be fit for a long and healthy future.
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Razmjoo on June 17, 2018 at 13:05
More socialist nonsense. The NHS wastes billions on unnecessary or expensive treatments each year, mostly to please the pharmaceutical and medical industry. They wanted to spend thousands of pounds on drugs and surgery when I developed a trapped nerve – I opted instead for massage therapy that cost me £30 which cured it. The NHS also has a fat bureaucracy with managers earning more than even in the private sector. Many health problems are also preventable and yet no effort is made to improve lifestyles and get the public to live more healthfully. Also, the NHS loses billions through "health tourism" thanks to eastern europeans and others exploiting the free service. By all means increase taxes on the rich, but use it to balance the budget.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
declare @tableName nvarchar(max) = '[' + @schema + '].[' + @tablePrefix + 'OutboxData]';

if exists
(
    select *
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    where
        object_id = object_id(@tableName) and
        type in ('U')
)
begin
declare @dropTable nvarchar(max);
set @dropTable = 'drop table ' + @tableName;
exec(@dropTable);
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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4 important earthquake facts for kids – earthquake is considered as one of some other natural disasters which are really dangerous with many terrible bad effects. It is then very reasonable if the people with experience of earthquake find it really traumatizing, especially the kids. However, it doesn't mean that the kids don't need to know anything about earthquake at all. In fact, giving right explanation regarding the earthquake and other disasters is really important. With such knowledge, it is expected that the kids become "ready" if those things happened around them. So, what are the facts of earthquake that must be taught for the kids? Here they are.
Maybe, you should not explain the causes of earthquake too academically with those complicated theories. However, your kids still need to know the broad outline of how earthquake can be happened. In general, earthquake itself can be divided naturally into two; they are volcanic and tectonic earthquakes. Theoretically, tectonic earthquake tends to be bigger and more dangerous as it is because of the friction of earth plates where many people are living on there. It is basically a normal thing but the effects can be really terrible. Meanwhile, volcano earthquake is considered as less dangerous. But it doesn't mean we can just underestimate it. If we live around an active volcano, it is important to be always alert. In history, it is known the eruption of Krakatau placed in Indonesia, in which the earthquake can be felt into Europe.
Unlike flood or fire which comes basically because of the act of human itself, earthquake is just coming very naturally. It means we cannot do anything to avoid it. However, due to the modern technology developed nowadays, it is much easier for us to detect where and when the earthquake will be happened. It is possible also to know whether the earthquake is classified as big and dangerous or not so that we need to move on. Make sure that your kids know this matter to make them feel less worried and afraid.
Sure, this is the very important part. People including the kids may learn a lot the ways to protect themselves when there is an earthquake. Normal earthquake without side effects like Tsunami tends to be easier to handle. The simpler way is of course by immediately go outside and avoid standing near trees or buildings. If you have a front yard, it is better as it can be the best place to protect yourself. You can also imitate what Japanese do like by protect yourself under the strong table and others. So, if there are ruins, they will not fall down to your body. Also do not forget to use best earthquake kit prepared in your house.
Another important thing if we experience earthquake and other natural disasters is being more helpful whether it is in term of energy, mind, and materials. Well, mainly if your body is quite healthy without any severe wounds or something, it is better to help others who have worse condition. Yes, in such a condition, holding hands one another is the main important thing. Sure, this is also something that kids must know and learn. So, do you agree with the 4 important earthquake facts for kids mentioned above?


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Watches and jewelry go hand in hand
Harry Winston,
By: Ria Prieto Philippine Daily Inquirer / 02:10 AM March 24, 2017
Wristwatches and jewelry are two different things, but they go hand in hand when people wear them.
In the west, watchmaking achieves a balance of function and style, with some brands having an extensive range of contemporary pieces, including jewelry.
Here's a look at some of those brands that have diversified from making signature watches to fine jewelry through the years.
Founded by Louis-Ulysse Chopard in 1860, the Geneva-based brand uses high-quality materials such as real stones and 18K gold for every piece.
Chopard, known for high standards of quality and precision, has a line that consists of the most sought-after luxury pieces, such as the Happy Diamonds collection and the Immortal Peacock earrings.
For the past 133 years, Bulgari has been been making fine Italian watches, perfumes, luxury goods and even launched a hotel brand.
It has been known to incorporate Greek and Roman artistry into its designs. One of Bulgari's prized pieces, the Serpenti, is a 16-carat, pink gold-paved diamond necklace.
Piaget, founded in 1874 by George Piaget, is a Swiss brand of luxury watches and jewelry.
Piaget's style epitomizes Old World glamour with its proprietary Rose designs and the Limelight Embroidery Motif ring, a classic piece of 18k white gold, set with one brilliant-cut blue topaz, four pear-cut purple sapphires and 273 brilliant-cut diamonds.
The film "Breakfast at Tiffany's" helped popularize the American luxury jewelry and specialty retailer Tiffany & Company as an international brand.
Since its founding in 1837 as "stationery and fancy goods emporium," Tiffany's has become a go-to store for diamond jewelry. Its elegant, feminine designs are garnished with only the rarest, most precious gems and diamonds.
Some of its best pieces feature exceptional stones, like a vivid 45.44-carat, cushion-cut center green tourmaline, vibrant sapphires, tsavorites and diamonds.
French jewelry, watch and perfume brand Van Cleef & Arpels is most notable for its floral and aviary themes. Its gem-setting style, known as Mystery Setting, is also a favorite of its high-profile clientele.
Classic details, such as the undulating lines and abstract motifs, are best embodied in its Lune d'eau Between the Finger ring.
Cartier is arguably the world's most famous jewelry house due to its affiliation with the royal family. It caters to the wealthiest and most prestigious clientele.
The French brand, founded by Louis-Francois Cartier in 1847, since then, has produced some of history's most iconic pieces, such as a 6.5-inch diamond bracelet, which was sold for over $7 million.
Harry Winston Inc.
Harry Winston Inc. is an American luxury jeweler and producer of Swiss watches.
Founded in 1932, the brand's pieces showcase a unique and elaborate design that speaks of durability and elegance.
It has also used historical gemstones, like the Jonker, the Lesotho, the Taylor-Burton, and the legendary Hope Diamond. Its ruby and diamond necklace has 31 rubies and 186 pear-shaped brilliant diamonds, set in platinum and 18K yellow gold.
jewelrywristwatches
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text:
pip
===

Installs a recent pip without using the system package manager, since these are often out of date and does not contain recent security fixes to pip. Also doesn't use the system package manager to bootstrap pip, since that often brings the system to a inconsistent state when both pip and the system package manager tries to manage pip.

To pin to a specific version, add a `pip` pillar value like this:

```yaml
pip:
    version: == 8.1.1
```

You can also use greater than or less than operators, like `>= 7, < 8`. If absent the latest version will be installed.


Real estate Buyers have somehow been conditioned to think that buying a property listed under a power of sale arrangement represents an opportunity for a real deal.
I've noticed some REALTORS® capitalizing on this belief by advertising special websites to find out about these listings and, I've seen REALTORS® advertising the power of sale status right in their property ads for a listing. The truth is, it does make the phone ring. But should it?
While there are different remedies a lender can access when there is default on a mortgage loan, the most common one by far in Canada is where lenders exercise their right – that is their power, to sell a property when default has occurred. After following a strict prescribed set of rules about notice to the home owner and other interested parties, lenders can use their power to sell the property. Note, they do not take ownership.
What many Buyers don't know is that the homeowner who defaulted is still responsible for any shortfall in the balance of the debt owing. That's right: A lender who sells a property for less than the outstanding debt, may sue the owner of the property for the shortfall.
And here's the rub: The owner of the property may sue the lender if they can prove that the sale was made for less than the value of the property.
So, the lender has an obligation to sell the property for fair market value or, they risk being sued by the homeowner. Unlike the homeowner, the lender does not have emotional discretion or motivation. The lender will have had property appraisals done and this will become the guideline for them as it is justifiable in a court of law. If a property is not then sold for that amount or more in a reasonable period of time, they may begin to slowly reduce the price in small increments until a sale occurs.
For a Buyer, this means that while they may feel they got a "deal," chances of this are about the same, or sometimes worse than with an owner sold property.
Beyond price, there are other potential risks or downsides Buyers should be aware of. Almost all lenders have their own schedules of terms that must be included in any Agreement of Purchase and Sale. For instance, in no cases will they give any warranties with respect to the condition of the property. Heck, they have usually not even seen it! They can also not include any chattels such as appliances or window coverings that may be present in the property as they have no claim on the ownership of those. They may be there on the closing date or maybe not. The schedule usually also includes something a bit scary for Buyers and that is, a right of redemption by the owner. This means that at any time, the owner can bring the mortgage back into good standing in which case the sale is called off. In reality, this very rarely happens as the home owner would have mounting legal costs associated with the power of sale proceedings that they would also need to pay.
In any case, I would always recommend that potential Buyers of these properties should speak with their lawyer about the contract. No one else, including a REALTOR®, is qualified to give you legal advice.
There are things that you can do to reduce your risk including have a home inspection, making enquiries with the municipality about outstanding work orders, zoning or pending special assessments, checking health unit records for information about wells and septic systems if it is a rural property, performing a search of title for surveys or other pertinent documents and so on. Your REALTOR® and lawyer should be your partner in this fact-finding mission.
What a truly Refreshing, if not sobering, summary of the Truth about Power Of Sale. Thank you.
There seems to be confusion amongst Ontario residents on the concept of Power of Sale vs. Foreclosure. POS is obviously the least costly, least time-consuming and preferred method of resolution in Ontario. But it is not so in all the provinces. Alberta seems to subscribe to the Foreclosure process for example.
If a Power of Sale Seminar was offered in Collingwood, what suggestions might you make to have a great turnout? Where should it take place and do you think there is a demand for such an event?
Would you consider running one?
Hi Yan and thanks for your comment. i don't know if there would be interest in such a seminar. Let's ask the readers – any thoughts?
I have signed a purchase agreement and put my down payment on a power of sale property. Now the original owner is trying to get it back for the third time. What are his chances of actually getting the house back?
Hi Laura. The answer depends on a number of factors including the original charge documents for the mortgage. The owner may have a right to redeem on the property right up until the day of closing if they pay all arrears and fees. Your offer also factors into it – there is likely a Schedule that the lender included that says what happens in this case. As you are unsure, I would recommend that you ask your lawyer for an opinion because it really depends on the documents related to that property. Good luck!
Hello, Myself and company have been in litigation on this issue for a lot of years.. just wondering if there is a short answer to this question. May a corporation put a commercial property into power of sale and then buy the property back at a lower price. All of this with no negotiations with the property owner to reinstate the mortgage. Thanks for your assistance. We are in Ontario court system.
Hi Amy and thanks for your question. It is however, beyond my scope of knowledge to answer it and would be an appropriate question to ask your lawyer. Good luck with your situation.
Hello…Great article. One question thought: In the property that I am looking at, the lender will not provide nor confirm if the seller (original owner) is not a non-resident as per Section 116 of the income tax. This to me means that if I purchase and if at the time of my purchase the seller (original owner) is a non-resident, then should they owe anything to CRA (personal taxes), it will come back and hunt me down soon or later + I now have to pay 25% on the capital gain of the house. Did I get this correctly and what are your recommendation in a situation where I (the buyer) can not verify if the sellers are in the country or not?
That's a great question and I don't know the answer 100%. I suspect you are correct and reading the act, it seems to me the line is drawn at the buyer having made "reasonable enquiry" as to the status of the seller. That is tough in a POS situation. It would also depend on what is written into the agreement and the lenders Schedules. I've forwarded your question to a local lawyer and will repost when I get an answer.


text:
League of Nations mandate
(Redirected from League of Nations Mandate)
Territories administered by countries on behalf of the League of Nations
League of Nations mandates
Article 22 of Covenant of the League of Nations (signed on 28 June 1919 as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles), highlighting the three mandate classes:
Red: Class A (ex Ottoman)
Blue: Class B (ex German Central Africa)
Yellow: Class C (ex German South West Africa and Pacific)
Class A, Mandates in Western Asia:
Transjordan
Class B, Mandates in Africa:
British Togoland
French Togoland
British Cameroon
French Cameroon
Class C, Mandates in Africa:
South West Africa
Class C, Mandates in the Pacific:
Japanese Pacific Mandate
Territory of New Guinea
A League of Nations mandate was a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I, or the legal instruments that contained the internationally agreed-upon terms for administering the territory on behalf of the League of Nations. These were of the nature of both a treaty and a constitution, which contained minority rights clauses that provided for the rights of petition and adjudication by the International Court.[1]
The mandate system was established under Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, entered into force on 28 June 1919. With the dissolution of the League of Nations after World War II, it was stipulated at the Yalta Conference that the remaining Mandates should be placed under the trusteeship of the United Nations, subject to future discussions and formal agreements. Most of the remaining mandates of the League of Nations (with the exception of South-West Africa) thus eventually became United Nations Trust Territories.
Two governing principles formed the core of the Mandate System, being non-annexation of the territory and its administration as a "sacred trust of civilisation" to develop the territory for the benefit of its native people.[2]
2 Generalities
2.1 Treaties
3 Types of mandates
4 List of mandates
5 Rules of establishment
6 Later history
7.1 Sources and references
7.2 Further reading
Basis[edit]
The mandate system was established by Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, drafted by the victors of World War I. The article referred to territories which after the war were no longer ruled by their previous sovereign, but their peoples were not considered "able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world". The article called for such people's tutelage to be "entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility".[3]
Generalities[edit]
All of the territories subject to League of Nations mandates were previously controlled by states defeated in World War I, principally Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire. The mandates were fundamentally different from the protectorates in that the Mandatory power undertook obligations to the inhabitants of the territory and to the League of Nations.
The process of establishing the mandates consisted of two phases:
The formal removal of sovereignty of the state previously controlling the territory.
The transfer of mandatory powers to individual states among the Allied Powers.
Treaties[edit]
The divestiture of Germany's overseas colonies, along with three territories disentangled from its European homeland area (the Free City of Danzig, Memel Territory, and Saar), was accomplished in the Treaty of Versailles (1919), with the territories being allotted among the Allies on 7 May of that year. Ottoman territorial claims were first addressed in the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) and finalised in the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). The Turkish territories were allotted among the Allied Powers at the San Remo conference in 1920.
Types of mandates[edit]
The League of Nations decided the exact level of control by the Mandatory power over each mandate on an individual basis. However, in every case the Mandatory power was forbidden to construct fortifications or raise an army within the territory of the mandate, and was required to present an annual report on the territory to the Permanent Mandates Commission of the League of Nations.
The mandates were divided into three distinct groups based upon the level of development each population had achieved at that time.
The first group, or Class A mandates, were territories formerly controlled by the Ottoman Empire that were deemed to "... have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory."
The second group of mandates, or Class B mandates, were all former German colonies in West and Central Africa, referred to by Germany as Schutzgebiete (protectorates or territories), which were deemed to require a greater level of control by the mandatory power: "...the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion." The mandatory power was forbidden to construct military or naval bases within the mandates.
The Class C mandates, including South West Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands, were considered to be "best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory"
List of mandates[edit]
Mandate Power
Prior name
Prior sovereignty
A Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon Greater Lebanon France Various Ottoman sanjaks Ottoman Empire 29 September 1923 – 24 October 1945. Joined the United Nations on 24 October 1945 as an independent state. Lebanon
Syria Various Ottoman sanjaks 29 September 1923 – 24 October 1945: This mandate included Hatay Province (a former Ottoman Alexandretta sandjak), which broke away from the mandate on 2 September 1938 to become a separate French protectorate, which lasted until Hatay Province was ceded to the new Republic of Turkey on 29 June 1939. Joined the United Nations on 24 October 1945 as an independent state. Syria
Mandate for Palestine Mandatory Palestine United Kingdom Ottoman sanjaks of Jerusalem, Nablus and Acre 29 September 1923 – 15 May 1948.[4][5][6] A United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine for peacefully dividing the remainder of the Mandate failed.[7] The Mandate terminated at midnight between 14 May and 15 May 1948. On the evening of 14 May, the Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine had declared the establishment of the State of Israel.[8] Following the war, 75% of the area was controlled by the new State of Israel.[9] Other parts, until 1967, formed the West Bank of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the All-Palestine Government under the Egyptian-controlled Gaza Strip. Israel
Emirate of Transjordan Ottoman sanjaks of Hauran and Ma'an In April 1921, the Emirate of Transjordan was provisionally added as an autonomous area under the United Kingdom,[10][11] and it became the independent Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan (later Jordan) on 17 June 1946 upon joint ratification of the Treaty of London of 1946. Jordan
Indirect Mandatory Iraq Various Ottoman sanjaks The draft British Mandate for Mesopotamia not enacted and was replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of October 1922.[12] Britain committed to act the responsibilities of a Mandatory Power in 1924.[13] Iraq attained independence from the United Kingdom on 3 October 1932. Iraq
B Belgian Mandate for East Africa Ruanda-Urundi Belgium German East Africa German Empire From 20 July 1922 to 13 December 1946. Formerly two separate German protectorates, they were joined as a single mandate on 20 July 1922. From 1 March 1926 to 30 June 1960, Ruanda-Urundi was in administrative union with the neighbouring colony of Belgian Congo. After 13 December 1946, it became a United Nations Trust Territory, remaining under Belgian administration until the separate nations of Rwanda and Burundi gained independence on 1 July 1962. Rwanda
British Mandate for East Africa[14] Tanganyika Territory United Kingdom From 20 July 1922 to 11 December 1946. It became a United Nations Trust Territory on 11 December 1946, and was granted internal self-rule on 1 May 1961. On 9 December 1961, it became independent while retaining the British monarch as nominal head of state, transforming into a republic on the same day the next year. On 26 April 1964, Tanganyika merged with the neighbouring island of Zanzibar to become the modern nation of Tanzania. Tanzania Equivalent document as for Ruanda-Urundi, with all articles substantially the same[15]
British Mandate for the Cameroons British Cameroons United Kingdom German Kamerun Became part of the United Nations trust territories after World War II on 13 December 1946 Part of Cameroon and Nigeria Equivalent document as for French Cameroons, with all articles substantially the same[16]
French Mandate for the Cameroons French Cameroons France Under a Resident and French Cameroun under a Commissioner until 27 August 1940, then under a governor. Became part of the United Nations trust territories after World War II on 13 December 1946 Cameroon
British Mandate for Togoland British Togoland United Kingdom German Togoland British Administrator post filled by the colonial Governor of the British Gold Coast (present Ghana) except 30 September 1920 – 11 October 1923 Francis Walter Fillon Jackson). Transformed on 13 December 1946 into United Nations trust territories; on 13 December 1956 it ceased to exist as it became part of Ghana Volta Region, Ghana Equivalent document as for French Togoland, with all articles substantially the same[16]
French Mandate for Togoland French Togoland France French Togoland under a Commissioner till 30 August 1956, then under a High Commissioner as Autonomous Republic of Togo Togo
C Mandate for the German Possessions in the Pacific Ocean situated South of the Equator other than German Samoa and Nauru Territory of New Guinea Australia German New Guinea German Empire Included German New Guinea and "the group of islands in the Pacific Ocean lying south of the equator other than German Samoa and Nauru".[17] From 17 December 1920 under an (at first Military) Administrator; after (wartime) Japanese/U.S. military commands from 8 December 1946 under UN mandate as North East New Guinea (under Australia, as administrative unit), until it became part of present Papua New Guinea at independence in 1975 Part of Papua New Guinea Equivalent document as for Nauru, with all articles substantially the same[17]
Mandate for Nauru Nauru United Kingdom British mandate, administered by Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Became part of the United Nations trust territories after liberation from occupation by Japan in World War II Nauru
Mandate for the German Possessions in the Pacific Ocean lying North of the Equator[18] South Seas Mandate Japan Known as the South Seas Mandate. Became part of the United Nations trust territories after World War II Palau
Northern Mariana Islands Equivalent document as for Nauru, with all articles substantially the same[17]
Mandate for German Samoa Western Samoa New Zealand German Samoa From 17 December 1920 a League of Nations mandate, renamed Western Samoa (as opposed to American Samoa), from 25 January 1947 a United Nations trust territory until its 1 January 1962 independence Samoa Equivalent document as for Nauru, with all articles substantially the same[17]
Mandate for German South West Africa South West Africa South Africa[19] German South West Africa From 1 October 1922, Walvis Bay's administration (still merely having a Magistrate until its 16 March 1931 Municipal status, hence a Mayor) was also assigned to the mandate Namibia Equivalent document as for Nauru, with all articles substantially the same[17]
Rules of establishment[edit]
The League of Nations mandates
According to the Council of the League of Nations, meeting of August 1920:[20] "draft mandates adopted by the Allied and Associated Powers would not be definitive until they had been considered and approved by the League ... the legal title held by the mandatory Power must be a double one: one conferred by the Principal Powers and the other conferred by the League of Nations,"[21]
Three steps were required to establish a Mandate under international law: (1) The Principal Allied and Associated Powers confer a mandate on one of their number or on a third power; (2) the principal powers officially notify the council of the League of Nations that a certain power has been appointed mandatory for such a certain defined territory; and (3) the council of the League of Nations takes official cognisance of the appointment of the mandatory power and informs the latter that it [the council] considers it as invested with the mandate, and at the same time notifies it of the terms of the mandate, after ascertaining whether they are in conformance with the provisions of the covenant."[21][22]
The U.S. State Department Digest of International Law says that the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne provided for the application of the principles of state succession to the "A" Mandates. The Treaty of Versailles (1920) provisionally recognised the former Ottoman communities as independent nations.[3] It also required Germany to recognise the disposition of the former Ottoman territories and to recognise the new states laid down within their boundaries.[23] The terms of the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) required the newly created states that acquired the territory detached from the Ottoman Empire to pay annuities on the Ottoman public debt and to assume responsibility for the administration of concessions that had been granted by the Ottomans. The treaty also let the States acquire, without payment, all the property and possessions of the Ottoman Empire situated within their territory.[24] The treaty provided that the League of Nations was responsible for establishing an arbitral court to resolve disputes that might arise and stipulated that its decisions were final.[24]
A disagreement regarding the legal status and the portion of the annuities to be paid by the "A" mandates was settled when an Arbitrator ruled that some of the mandates contained more than one State:
The difficulty arises here how one is to regard the Asiatic countries under the British and French mandates. Iraq is a Kingdom in regard to which Great Britain has undertaken responsibilities equivalent to those of a Mandatory Power. Under the British mandate, Palestine and Transjordan have each an entirely separate organization. We are, therefore, in the presence of three States sufficiently separate to be considered as distinct Parties. France has received a single mandate from the Council of the League of Nations, but in the countries subject to that mandate, one can distinguish two distinct States: Syria and the Lebanon, each State possessing its own constitution and a nationality clearly different from the other.[25]
Later history[edit]
After the United Nations was founded in 1945 and the League of Nations was disbanded, all but one of the mandated territories that remained under the control of the mandatory power became United Nations trust territories, a roughly equivalent status.[7] In each case, the colonial power that held the mandate on each territory became the administering power of the trusteeship, except that Japan, which had been defeated in World War II, lost its mandate over the South Pacific islands, which became a "strategic trust territory" known as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under United States administration.
The sole exception to the transformation of the League of Nations mandates into UN trusteeships was that South Africa refused to place South-West Africa under trusteeship. Instead, South Africa proposed that it be allowed to annex South-West Africa, a proposal rejected by the United Nations General Assembly. The International Court of Justice held that South Africa continued to have international obligations under the mandate for South-West Africa. The territory finally attained independence in 1990 as Namibia, after a long guerrilla war of independence against the apartheid regime.
Nearly all the former League of Nations mandates had become sovereign states by 1990, including all of the former United Nations Trust Territories with the exception of a few successor entities of the gradually dismembered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (formerly Japan's South Pacific Trust Mandate). These exceptions include the Northern Mariana Islands which is a commonwealth in political union with the United States with the status of unincorporated organised territory. The Northern Mariana Islands does elect its own governor to serve as territorial head of government, but it remains a U.S. territory with its head of state being the President of the United States and federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the Office of Insular Affairs of the United States Department of the Interior.
Remnant Micronesia and the Marshall Islands, the heirs of the last territories of the Trust, attained final independence on 22 December 1990. (The UN Security Council ratified termination of trusteeship, effectively dissolving trusteeship status, on 10 July 1987). The Republic of Palau, split off from the Federated States of Micronesia, became the last to get its independence effectively on 1 October 1994.
Paris Peace Conference
Covenant of the League of Nations
Minority Treaties
Little Treaty of Versailles
War guilt
Role in the Weimar Republic's hyperinflation
Dawes Plan
Hague conference on reparations
Young Plan
Lausanne Conference
Locarno Treaties
Possible cause of World War II
International Opium Convention
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Sèvres
Partition of the Ottoman Empire
Conference of London (1920)
San Remo conference
Turkish National Movement
Turkish War of Independence
Treaty of Lausanne
American Commission to Negotiate Peace
Commission of Responsibilities
Sources and references[edit]
Wright, Quincy (1968). Mandates Under the League of Nations. Greenwood Press.
Nele Matz, Civilization and the Mandate System under the League of Nations as Origin of Trusteeship, in: A. von Bogdandy and R. Wolfrum, (eds.), Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, Volume 9, 2005, p. 47–95.
Pugh, Jeffrey, "Whose Brother's Keeper? International Trusteeship and the Search for Peace in the Palestinian Territories," International Studies Perspectives 13, no. 4 (November 2012): 321–343.
Tamburini, Francesco "I mandati della Società delle Nazioni", in «Africana, Rivista di Studi Extraeuropei», n.XV – 2009, pp. 99–122.
Anghie, Antony "Colonialism and the Birth of International Institutions: Sovereignty, Economy, and the Mandate System of the League of Nations" 34 (3) New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 513 (2002)
Hall, H. Duncan (1948). Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship.
Bruce, Scot David, Woodrow Wilson's Colonial Emissary: Edward M. House and the Origins of the Mandate System, 1917–1919 (University of Nebraska Press, 2013).
Callahan, Michael D. Mandates and empire: the League of Nations and Africa, 1914–1931 (Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 1999)
Haas, Ernst B. "The reconciliation of conflicting colonial policy aims: acceptance of the League of Nations mandate system," International Organization (1952) 6#4 pp: 521–536.
Margalith, Aaron M. The International Mandates (1930) online
Pedersen, Susan. The Guardians: the League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
Sluglett, Peter. "An improvement on colonialism? The 'A' mandates and their legacy in the Middle East," International Affairs (2014) 90#2 pp. 413–427. On the former Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire
^ "Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970)" (PDF). International Court of Justice: 28–32. 21 June 1971. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
^ Matz, 2005, p.70-71, "Primarily, two elements formed the core of the Mandate System, the principle of non-annexation of the territory on the one hand and its administration as a "sacred trust of civilisation" on the other... The principle of administration as a "sacred trust of civilisation" was designed to prevent a practice of imperial exploitation of the mandated territory in contrast to former colonial habits. Instead, the Mandatory's administration should assist in developing the territory for the well-being of its native people."
^ a b See Article 22 of the Peace Treaty of Versailles
^ "Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919 Volume XIII, Annotations to the treaty of peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany, signed at Versailles, June 28, 1919". Foreign Relations of the United States. United States State Department. June 28, 1919. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
^ "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory" (PDF). Advisory Opinions. The International Court of Justice (ICJ). 2004. p. 165. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011. 70. Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire. At the end of the First World War, a class "A" Mandate for Palestine was entrusted to Great Britain by the League of Nations, pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article 22 of the Covenant
^ "Italy Holds up Class A Mandates". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. July 20, 1922. Retrieved 13 March 2011. LONDON, July 19. – The A mandates, which govern the British occupation of Palestine and the French occupation of Syria, came today before the Council of the League of Nations.
^ a b Pugh, Jeffrey D. (2012-11-01). "Whose Brother's Keeper? International Trusteeship and the Search for Peace in the Palestinian Territories". International Studies Perspectives. 13 (4): 321–343. doi:10.1111/j.1528-3585.2012.00483.x. ISSN 1528-3577.
^ Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel. May 14, 1948: Retrieved 28 January 2013.
^ Edmund Jan Osmańczyk; Anthony Mango (2003). Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M. Taylor & Francis. p. 1178. ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
^ The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State, By Yoav Alon, Published by I.B.Tauris, 2007, ISBN 1-84511-138-9, p. 21
^ Determining Boundaries in a Conflicted World: The Role of Uti Possidetis, By Suzanne Lalonde, Published by McGill-Queen's Press (MQUP), 2002, ISBN 0-7735-2424-X, pp. 89–100
^ Wright 1968, p. 595.
^ Hall 1948, p. 303.
^ a b Wright 1968, p. 616.
^ a b c d e Wright 1968, p. 618.
^ Treaty of Peace and South West Africa Mandate Bill of 1919
^ (pp. 109–110)
^ a b Quincy Wright, Mandates under the League of Nations, Univ.Chicago Press, 1930.
^ See also: Temperley, History of the Paris Peace Conference, Vol VI, pp. 505–506; League of Nations, The Mandates System (official publication of 1945); Hill, Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship, pp. 133ff.
^ See Article 434 of the Peace Treaty of Versailles
^ a b Article 47, 60, and Protocol XII, Article 9 of the Treaty of Lausanne
^ See Marjorie M. Whiteman, Digest of International Law, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1963) pp. 650–652, Questia, Web, 21 Apr. 2010
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
Stresa Front
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The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors
To the Unknown British Soldier in France
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=League_of_Nations_mandate&oldid=998505537"
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text:
← Michigan AG Nessel Reaches Settlement in FOIA Lawsuit Against Former AG's Administration.
Barry L. King →
Nothing Stays Hidden Forever.
Posted: November 30, 2020 | Author: cathybroad | Filed under: Uncategorized |21 Comments
A friend sent me this link yesterday. A librarian from Michigan sent me the link today and added "I will never look at literary awards the same." I appreciated the link and the sentiment.
"PARIS — One of France's most prestigious literary awards, the Renaudot can change a writer's career overnight. Prizewinners jump onto best-seller lists. Publishers earn bragging rights in a nation that places literature at the heart of its sense of grandeur and global standing.
A striking example is now a notorious one: Gabriel Matzneff, the writer whose career was revived with the award in 2013 before collapsing this year when a woman published a bombshell account of their sexual relationship when she was underage. He now faces a police investigation in a national scandal that has exposed how clubby Parisian elites long protected, celebrated and enabled his pedophilia.
Mr. Matzneff's win was engineered by an elite fully aware of his pedophilia, which he had brazenly defended for decades. His powerful editor and friends sat on the jury. "We thought he was broke, he was sick, this will cheer him up," said Frédéric Beigbeder, a confidant of Mr. Matzneff and a Renaudot juror since 2011.
The fallout from the Matzneff affair has rippled through France, dividing feminists and seemingly ending the career of a powerful deputy mayor of Paris. Yet the insular world that dominates French literary life remains largely unscathed, demonstrating just how entrenched and intractable it really is.
Proof of that is the Renaudot — all but one of the same jurors who honored Mr. Matzneff are expected to crown this year's winners on Monday."
This will cheer him up. Unbelievable.
As this clip from the soon-to-be-released podcast, The Clown and the Candyman, describes, nothing stays hidden forever and these monsters all followed the same playbook dating back to the 1970's.
https://play.acast.com/s/the-clown-and-the-candyman/introducing-theclownandthecandyman
In response to a reader who asked for some clarity on the pedophile "flow chart" and accompanying notes, found at pages 80 and 81 of the record of the Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Crime concerning Sexual Exploitation of Children, Dated May 23, 25, June 10 and September 20, 1977, I offer the following.
First, the pages can be accessed at
Click to access 51083NCJRS.pdf
Second, if you have Marney Keenan's book, The Snow Killings, read Chapter 5, The Sick Underbelly of the Beast. The flowchart is found at page 62 and is easier to read, although you still kind of need a magnifying glass for the smaller details. I can't describe the details any better than she did, so you need to read that chapter carefully.
I recreated the drawing with the major details. There are additional details about the European network and the Church of the New Revelation, Inc. on the original drawing, but you will get the main idea. Michigan resident Francis (Frank) Duffield Shelden was a major, major player in the pedophile and child pornography rings that reached out internationally. His "legacy" still lives today in Michigan as this sick underbelly was left alone and it festered unabated, leaving victims littered along the way and a playbook that is addressed in The Clown and The Candyman.
Attached are relevant pages from the hearings and the summarized drawing of the flowchart.
1977-hearings-and-22flow-chart22Download
21 Comments on "Nothing Stays Hidden Forever."
I'm 69. I'll never forget the interview I had at Cranbrook when I was 17. Although I had already won a college scholarship I wanted to see if Cranbrook could/would match it. The interviewer looked a whole lot like Shelden. I have no idea who he was. When I was told I wanted to use art commercially I was told there was no place for me at Cranbrook. It was only for dilettantes I guess. How amazed I have been to learn that Cranbrook was a hotbed of abuse.
Big money can mean big abuses and no accountability.
Anon for this says:
Look at Roman Polanski, he's still making movies and making money.
Woody Allen. People still defend him.
Madness.
William Dorsch says:
Hi Catherine, I am William Dorsch, a retired Chicago Homicide detective. I have been working for many years on John Gacy and his accomplices. Two cases in particular are from the Kalamazoo area. Jon Prestidge and Robert Winch were both victims, murdered in 1977. I would like to talk to you hoping that you may have connections to that area as I am trying to locate family and friends of the victims. My phone: 312-752-5966 Thank you Bill Dorsch
Bloomfieldvillagekid says:
Cathy… and William… I live in Kalamazoo now, for over 28 years. Not sure if you realized that Cathy! Or if that helps you, William.
This might help; I have no knowledge of Kzoo.
I will give you a call this week, Bill. I have never heard of the names you mention and have no familiarity at all with Kalamazoo.
William it is retired officers like yourself that give me hope. Fight the good fight.
Benjamin Smith says:
Cathy I posted the Flow chart on Facebook. It seems to be catching alot of eyes. Over 150+ comments. I sure hope we can start connecting more dots on this case. I think I posted it like 2 days ago? Either way I have not forgot about this case. I'll always have your guys back and always pray for justice in this case.
I deactivated my FB but would hop back on to see the comments – you never know how information can connect. What FB page is it on?
https://m.facebook.com/profile.php?id=437271739742691&ref=content_filter
If that link dont work just go to the search bar and type OCCK and its a facebook group. Once you join it you can see all thr posts. Tho lately we have a couple of crazies in there and it's gotten a bit out of hand
Sounds like a Topix reunion. LOL
The only good thing about that freak show Topix was that it educated me on how sick some people are. Dogs with a bone and no regard for anyone whatsoever. I always felt at some level that the old Topix forum as well as Helen's sites not only got arm chair detectives riled up, but struck real nerves of people who had and still have reason to be nervous in this case.
Hey Cathy can I ask you something. Do you know anything about some guy who is supposedly a ✌PI✌who is going around and claiming the OCCK is a single killer that also did the atlanta killings and the zodiac killings? This guy is in the Facebook group dispelling all kinds of well known information on this case and it's a bit rediculous. His name is Alex Baber and he keeps making all sorts of bullshit claims and said he met with you and your family a few weeks ago? I hate that people do rediculous bullshit for attention that misleads people studying this case. Please let me know cuz I really wanna try to get some of these groups to do better with admins or moderators. We dont need people spewing lies about this case smh. Anyways please let me know what the deal is with this guy if you know anything about it
Has KDOG showed up yet?
I did listen to what Mr. Baber had to say. I cannot vouch for any of it, but am willing to share information with people who can establish themselves as legitimately investigating other crimes. That said, I do not have the bandwidth to deal with crimes and suspects from other jurisdictions. Michigan authorities will not help me. I rely on guidance from one retired detective and a retired FBI agent. If someone has a suspect or suspects, I am happy to add the names to the long list of potential suspects for cross-referencing purposes. If I have relevant information I will share it. But I do not have the bandwidth or the desire to do any more than that. I have found that in the past, if I am unable to advance someone's cause it generally leads to some level of abuse or antipathy toward me. That has not been the case with Mr. Baber. I do not condone nor participate in any FB pages whatsoever or anyone's theories about this case. Take a FB page on any subject with a big grain of salt. I am well past worrying about who committed these crimes–most of them are long dead. I am concerned about law enforcement enabling these monsters to operate freely and to leave the case "unsolved." If you are a whistleblower for the OCP or the MSP, let's talk.
lisalink63 says:
Regarding the flow chart, have all the initials been matched up with people? FDS is Sheldon, of course, but who is L. K. ? And would J.T. be Thwayte?
Also, as I was going over some of the evidence reports something jogged my brain. A yellow soap liquid was listed. Didn't most schools and churches have that smelly yellow castile soap flowing through every bathroom? It may be random but that stuck out to me.
The handwritten "notes" appended to the flow chart, at page 81 of the hearing report describes "JT as Joe. Tazelaar (Josiah) and mentions his boyfriend Mark Schuck of Port Huron; DK as Donald Keller of Edmonds, Washington; as well as a Donald Sandberg of Phoenix, Arizona and a Jerome Rugg of NYC.
Although this flow chart and the accompanying notes appear to be a road map for law enforcement, it seems nothing was done with this information, originally provided by Gerald Richards to law enforcement in December 1976, well before the House Committee hearings.
JT is Josiah Tazelaar, from MI. DK is Donald Keller, Edmonds, WA. This according to p. 81 of Gerald Richards 12/76 notes as entered into the House Committee record at page 81.
There was mention of yellow soap. There was also mention over the years, and perhaps in the newspapers back in the day about Phisohex and I recall police asking my mother if we used that soap. It was an antibacterial cleanser for skin and because it contained hexachlorophene which is rapidly absorbed through the skin, it was supposed to be used for infection control and not for regular use. It became a prescription drug around 1973.
The cleanliness of the bodies seems more indicative of some forensic awareness rather than someone with OCD. Also, Marney Keenan's book describes how pedophiles like Ted Lamborgine would force kids to shower and sometimes use enemas to destroy evidence.
Crazy theories connecting the famous murder cases together. Retired homicide detective with some type of credentials. Approval of or at the very least an interaction with the victim's family members. Growing discussion group on Facebook. Sounds like the mark of a best seller coming out. Whoooopppeeee!
What I hate the most is that all these people forget that we lost our brother. You can be a "high functioning" victim and take this shit, but it gets really old. Facebook. Give me a break.
The cops are mostly dirty; the exceptions take even more shit than we have; people are big cowards and won't come forward; and truth dies yet again. If you have a theory and a suspect, have at it. You will hit the "blue wall," that we have. I can't make police respond to your concerns–they certainly did not respond to mine. I don't owe anyone a platform. I want law enforcement and the prosecutors to answer for their crimes here. Most of the perpetrators here are long dead. They can't hurt anybody anymore, but when law enforcement (FBI, MSP, OCP, B'ham, Bloomfield and Berkley PDs) operates the way they have in this case, it opens the door to incredible abuse of power and for a repeat in other situations. Dirty and in deep. It goes beyond incompetence. That is my view of it.


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While Trisha did the main female lead, it has Malavika coming up a in an oomph role. Nazar, Asish Vidyarthi, Jeevi, Vivek and others form the cast. Music is by Vidyasagar. Story, screenplay and direction is by Dharani.


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text:
Priyanka Khedkar (born ) is a retired Indian female volleyball player. She was part of the India women's national volleyball team.

She participated at the 2010 Asian Games, and 2014 Asian Games.
On club level she played for Indian Railways in 2010.

References

1984 births
Living people
Indian women's volleyball players
Volleyball players at the 2010 Asian Games
Place of birth missing (living people)
Volleyball players at the 2014 Asian Games
21st-century Indian women
21st-century Indian people
Asian Games competitors for India
Volleyball players at the 2018 Asian Games
Sportspeople from Nagpur
Volleyball players from Maharashtra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The item Unmasked : the final years of Michael Jackson, by Ian Halperin represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Grand Meadow Public Library.
"Delivers new revelations about Michael Jackson's controversial life and legacy: his multiple plastic surgeries, his skin bleaching, his sexual identity, and his potentially fatal genetic condition ... and dispels the popular myths" about the King of Pop. The conclusion was written after "Michael Jackson died just as this book was going to press."


This topic contains 103 replies, has 19 voices, and was last updated by Vlad 1 week, 4 days ago.
We have started the build up to Q2 reflecting on the state of the Scheme and what we can expect going forward.
I am disappointed, not only did motability get slapped hands for making profits, the prices just still keep on going up and up and up… think i might live for a hermit for the next 4 years, extend my lease and just buy my own car at this rate.
Seat prices out at dealers, nice to see the 2.0 ltr diesel available again in the Ateca's £999 for FR sport or Xcellance in auto.
Must say i think Seat are going to do very well with Leon sales this quarter when it's very comparable to the Golf. Surely anyone in the market for a Golf will at least test drive the Leon with their low prices.
This is the same scenario which led me to lease a Leon 4 years ago, wanted a Golf, but pricing on the Leon was unbeatable, and for 3 years she never missed a beat, not one regret.
I liked the Seat Tarraco and the price was good until I noticed yet again there are no automatics available!
That's another potential car gone.
That would be good news but the sale price is £3000 different, so it will be interesting to see what the AP is.
It seems they have been added after my post.
I will go for a look today.
Nissan Price List (copy/paste into your browser) – No X Trail – Darn!
mercedes prices not finalised yet for some reason and will be soon as the site looks like its being updated as we speak as the page is now blank.
Hyundai i800, cracking 8 seat people carrier with masses of room, just £999 for top of the range auto. Bit thirsty however.
If you need or just want such a vehicle the Vauxhall Combo life is very keenly priced compared to its Rifter and Berlingo sisters. Granted the French duo might look a bit fancier but ultimately who gets such a vehicle for the looks?
I have been pleasantly surprised with the MPG from my Tucson, now 3 tanks in and overall 38mpg which is in line with Honest John.
Seat Ateca with 190PS engine looks great value at around £1100 and up.
7 seater Prius Plus hybrid at £0, fantastic if you can live with the looks!
Yes young Teddy but you have lovely 2 series cabriolet for the summer !
Is your Tucson manual or auto?


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While Magic Mike XXL is on your must-see movies list this summer, your guy might have some other films in mind. Instead of telling him to see it with friends, you might be surprised at how much fun you have at the theater during his pick. Maybe you're usually more into rom-coms than action movies, but we promise these are movies that both of you will enjoy.


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Its location to the north of the Marlborough Downs and on the southern end of the Vale of White Horsewith access to the River Cole and others, made it suitable for use as farming land.
Central Kettering model lucy of Swindon Hill and the Old Town have been extensively quarried, especially beds of Purbeck Stoneas Barking sex massaj clearly evidenced in the first British Geological Survey for the area. There is no clear evidence of any substantial fortifications.
However, digs around Swindon's former quarry sites and during building works have uncovered limited prehistoric finds, including Bronze Age relics, with suggested burials, flint tools, and pottery. Later Iron Age artifacts have also been. Overall there is limited survival potential in the area of Old Town, but what Indian escort central Clacton-on-Sea is locally relevant.
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Archaeological excavations around Swindon Hill have revealed pre-Roman farms and an additional Iron Age farm complex was discovered on lowlands to the north of Swindon in the s. In addition to later prehistoric occupation, Mesolithic activity Best prostitutes Birkenhead be considered as probable on the hill around Old Town, but the evidence is now very likely lost to urbanization.
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A cluster of Mesolithic and Gay larnaca Bootle flint finds are listed Sites and Monuments Records and Historic Environment Records along the low ridges formed by the Jurassic outcrop which underlies Old Town, the west end of which was Toyboy dating York. This includes an area around the public park called The Lawns, which straddles either side of a stream channel, just to the east of Old Town.
The finds are from various building works on the higher ground to the south and west of the old stream.
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Further Sites and Monuments Records show Mesolithic and other prehistoric lithics have been identified in multiple places along the Grays tour guide girl ridge running south-west from Swindon Hill at the highest and most westerly part beyond Coate Water Country Parkin close proximity to the Coate Stone Circle, Runcorn sex tourist to the east of the Dorcan Stream.
A D Passmore, a member of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society and The Prehistoric Societynoted a possible sarsen stone setting somewhere beyond the current northern limit of The Lawns, on the slightly higher ground north of the current public park, but now lost to 19th and 20th century urbanization.
He also noted various other stone settings and rows around the area, not all clearly located, but Oral massage Bournemouth features around the modern Coate Water Country Park. Archaeological opinion has differed on the status of Passmore's interpretation, with some suggesting that all of the stones were natural, and likely sets of sarsen erratic boulderspresumably derived as a lag deposit from Massage sault ste marie Aylesbury Swindon military garage sale chalk and possibly moved by very ancient glaciations.
It is, however, noteworthy Lebanese massage Wigan the only stones noted by Passmore which have survived urbanization, expedient quarrying, and other destruction, form the Coate Stone Circle.
This is protected by English Heritage[3] and Swindon military garage sale to be a stone circle of unknown date.
It is unclear whether Swing club night Solihull the stones actually stood on their longest axis, making the circle potentially akin to a recumbent stone circlerather than standing stones. The surviving circuit of stones is well buried in the soil, with only low and wide tops showing.
There has been very limited field investigation, but this has included a geophysical survey.
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This is in close proximity to a feature listed as the "Coate Mound" in the Historic Environment Records for Wiltshire. Just to the east of the Coate Stone Circle is the current channeled form of the Dorcan Stream, arising as one of Great Yarmouth naughty wives small but active natural springs from the area around the south, around the hill at Badbury Wickitself a site of Bronze Age occupation.
However, clear Neolithic evidence is quite limited for the areas discussed. Iron Age occupation has been identified and excavated in fields to the north of Coate Swindon military garage sale Sexy o no Fareham, and a survey of nearby round barrow features has been conducted. Further survey of earthworks immediately to the north of Coate Stone Circle suggests the remains of a medieval settlement of the Deserted Medieval Village Salford sex chat. Additionally, a Romano-British farmstead has been located in the low-lying fields just to the south of Coate Stone Circle.
The place that is now Swindon was on the junction of two Roman ro, one leading south from Cirencester towards Marlborough and the other south eastwards to Silchester see Ermin Way. Evidence exists to show that Swindon's quarries were in use at this time to produce stone for villas and clay from the Whitehill region now West Nuevo Slough girls was used to produce Whitehill Ware pottery. Described Swindon military garage sale "a site of great importance, with a large complex of buildings, a hypocaust a system of under-floor heating, usually found as part of Roman bath houseswalls covered with painted plaster and a carefully deed and constructed water supply.
On 28 and 29 June the site was featured as parts of Channel 4's archaeological television programme Time Team in its 'Big Dig' weekend. The Anglo-Saxons[ edit ] With the recall of the legions to Rome in the 5th century, the Roman settlements around Swindon declined rapidly.
Although Germanic settlers may have been present earlier, the West Saxons advanced from the south coast in the 5th Century and brought Swindon under their Swindon military garage sale after the Battle of Beranburgh, reportedly at Barbury Castle in There is some possibility of another battle fought against the native Romano-Britons at Wanborough in Claims have been made that a further battle was fought at Wanborough Winston Swansea swingers between CeolredModels needed in Rossendale of Merciaand IneKing of Wessexand the area New Huyton massage cheap still in dispute in as demonstrated by the Battle of Ellandun The West Saxons built a farming community based on the Gay Widnes upon avon of Swindon Hill, with remains of wood-framed and Plaster huts found near to Market Square.
Anglo-Saxon pottery and cloth finds suggest the town was Kidderminster dating hunters occupied throughout the 6th and 7th centuries. Smaller estates at Walcot, Even Swindon Barking excellent massage therapy Broome are also noted. Under the ownership of William de Valence it is recorded that, inthe first documented market was held in Swindon.
Swindon became part of the constituency of Cricklade in See also History of government in Swindon. In there were poll tax payers in the town.
The oldest recorded street in the town is Newport Street, near the cattle market datedBelfast ain girls called Nyweport Street meaning 'New Market'. During the 14th Zoe escort Dartford, the manor of High Swindon was known as Hegherswyndon. High Swindon has perhaps seen the least development of all the manors, remaining largely unchanged Married flirting personals in United Kingdom the 19th century.
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During the period from onwards, the boundaries of High and West Swindon were re-arranged into Over and Nether Swindon, which became known as West and East Swindon in the 16th century.
Nethercott became the manors of Eastcott and Westcott in the same century. Eastcott was bought by the Vilett family in the 18th century now marked by Eastcott Hill in today's town and Westcott was purchased by the Goddard family in the 18th century. At the time of the purchase, Swindon's economy revolved around agriculture, with sheep farms to the south, pigs and cattle to the north, supported Jacqueline Bolton sex trades such as tanners and woolmongers in the town.
The s[ edit ] An Ecclesiastical Count a type of 'guess census', an estimation of growth from 25 years Nuru massage Sutton roads by the Christian Church Hot Newcastle under Lyme night undertaken in The figures for Swindon show — men, women, children Swindon military garage sale 26 freeholders.
Inthe Michaelmas Day assizes for rent due to the Lord of Manor show 45 tenants and 34 Leaseholders rent due on Michaelmas and Lady Day for leases. One record from the time shows — 'Richard York, paying eight pence a year for "his house late a barn"'.
The first non-market shops also appeared around this period, moving Swindon steadily away from a purely barter driven economy, with Robert and Margaret Boxwell opening the first recorded grocer independent of the market on the High Street in Manorial records of Swindon from to My massage inc Hartlepool that many families chose to remain here instead of seeking fortunes elsewhere — 'Swindon was Telford singles a town that its occupants readily moved from or changed'.
The average diet at the time consisting of bread, meat and beer.
Our great selection includes offices for sale from all leading Wiltshire estate agents. Kendrick Trading Estate, Galton Way, Swindon SN2. 2, sq. ft*. Outside there is a single garage with a lockable up and over door, adjacent to Defence Academy (formally The Royal Military Collage of Science). Swindon. Cross Street Garage. Automotive Repair Shop in Swindon Village. Open Now. CommunitySee All.
Ro[ edit ] With the expansion of the Quarries and also the introduction of the Turnpike ActSwindon military garage sale four main access ro into the Town were turned into turnpikes between and The amount levied depended on the type of cart, the of horses used and the width of Burnley dating sites 100 free Swindon military garage sale the narrower wheels caused more damage to the road.
Ro were kept clean and in good repair by auctioning lots to townspeople who could possibly sell 'road scrapings and parings' manure. Swindon Parish Road. Additional terms were stipulated for this lot, including the requirement that Massage parlor in Hereford be removed every Thursday and Saturday. Markets at this time were held on Monday's, so there would have been a rich covering on the road by the time of its Thursday sweeping.
Thomas Goddard of Upham acquired the manor in Bognor Regis restaurant United Kingdom his descendant family were Lords of the Manor up until the 20th century. Glasgow newspapers online estate included the area known today as the Lawns, and was bounded by the High Street and the site of Christchurch.
By then Levett was working as surveyor for the Duke of Somerset. Dating a russian man in Peterborough
In the lease of 5 Aprilthe Female escort Luton ms notes that "the Parke. His widow, Eugenia Kathleen, left Swindon in Subsequent to this, the house remained empty until it was occupied by British and Washington spas massages forces during World War II. The house itself was derelict by and demolished. The Manor grounds were opened as parkland and remain so.
Today the wood, lake, sunken garden, elements of the walls and the gateposts at the entrance to Lawns are all open to the public.
The former stables are now the Planks auction house. Markets[ edit ] The economy of Swindon has, pre-predominately over the years, depended on Land, agriculture and livestock Swindon military garage sale. It is from these records that the name Swindon first appears, as well as 'Chepyng Swindon' in and 'Market Swindon' in However a cattle plague hit nearby Highworth inallowing Swindon's livestock sales to increase.
InJohn Aubrey remarked "Here on Munday Escorts Chester cracker weeke a gallant Markett for Cattle, which increased to its new greatnese upon the plague at Highworth.
InJohn Britton passed through Swindon and recorded 1, people and houses in the town. He also wrote of the weekly corn market, Best free online dating sites in Burnley cattle market and regular Horse sales. However, by the midth century the cattle market was poorly attended. A new Cattle Market site was built in to try to revive the Market, a site which remained until the late s when the final auction was held.
There is no longer a Cattle Market in modern Swindon. The s — canals and steam[ edit ] Swindon's Urban Growth — The 19th century saw the beginnings of Swindon's growth, firstly Yeah man spa Halifax happy ending the Canals Swindon military garage sale later due to the Railway.
Changes which helped the towns population New Halifax oriental escort in the first half of the century from 1, in to 2, in However, this did not stop an observation being made in that Swindon was "a town of two principal streets.
Swindon at the beginning Us Tamworth nude the 19th century was still mainly centred at the top of Swindon Hill, some farmhouses, cottages and small dwellings were scattered around its base.
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A of these are now in areas considered to be in the town centre. Eastcott became Nuch royal Sutton Coldfield massage focus of the new Swindon, with the Wilts and Berks Canal Company building Swindon Wharf and a of canal buildings just north of the hamlet. Regent Circus is the site of a former orchard and a public house called the Red Cow now recognised in the current pub named the Barry cams girls Cow near to the original site.
A bridge placed across the canal in to provide access to a farm was later to become the Golden Lion bridge, now located in the centre of Millionaire dating site Wallasey main shopping area on Canal Walk. Up untilwhat is known today as Swindon town centre was farms and fields.
Purbeck Stone quarries[ edit ] From Glasgow dating midth century till the end of 18th century, Swindon's economy began to increase with the exploitation of the Purbeck Stone a type of limestone quarries.
Stone from these quarries had been used from the time of the Roman occupationSwindon stone has been found in Roman villas and settlements in the area.
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Documented workings survive fromwith all new excavations sanctioned and taxed by the Goddard family. The quarries declined during the period —, but rebounded during the building of the Wilts and Berks Watford int escorts. Stone was used in building the canal walls, buildings and also exported using it. Intons of Swindon stone was transported along the canal.
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Quarrying activity ceased altogether in the late s with the sites of two quarries being in the locations of Queens Park and Town Gardens in the modern town. Canals[ edit ] A section of the canal near Rushey Platt, Swindon Inan act of parliament was passed authorising the building of the Wilts and Berks Canal. The canal Turkish dating Becontree Swindon businesses and farmers to transport goods over a Sahara massage Keighley area and brought new residents from outside the county, among them navvies who settled after completion of the canal work.
Ambrose GoddardLord of the Swindon military garage sale Girly boys Woking Swindon at the time, was a shareholder in the canal company, and authorised a of its land purchases along its eventual route, land which he himself owned. This reservoir was created to keep the canal at a navigable level in the Swindon area.
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St. Basil's College
Short histories by Randall Scott for Waco, Texas, Centennial: 1849-1959 and R. E. Lamb for the Texas State Historical Association are available online. School ads appeared in the Houston Post, the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, the Waco Morning News, and the San Antonio Gazette. The DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University provided a scan of the 1904 commencement program. The Basilian seal (right) is from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basilian_Fathers.png by Alekjds
St. Basils College was founded by the Basilian Fathers who came to Texas from Toronto. The college opened September 3, 1889 for 60 boys. Father Thomas J. Hayes was the first principal, assisted by two other faculty members.
Ads show that St. Basil's was primarily a preparatory school. Courses of study included the classics, English, mathematics, and science. It offered a complete business course as well as classes in German, Spanish, French, music, and elocution. By 1910 St. Basil's had opened a "Minim" department for boys under 13.
Later ads began to emphasize the academic successes of students. Some ads promised "Progress Assured," stating," If your boy CAN learn, he WILL learn." The key to success became "intellectual development through discipline and moral formation."
The 1904 commencement program shows both a College Orchestra and a College Glee Club. In 1914, the Dramatic Club of St. Basil's performed "My Uncle From India" at the Byers Opera House in Fort Worth.
In 1915 St. Basil's announced that it was closing due to "lack of patronage." The 1912 Texas Almanac had listed enrollment at 85—well below the capacity of school facilities.
Postcard image of the St. Basil's College building. https://www.cardcow.com/266334/st-basils-college-waco-texas/
St. Basil's was able to purchase twenty-two acres of land in the Provident Heights section in north Waco. It lay between Windsor Avenue and Pine Street and between 24th and 26th Streets. Ads describe it as just outside the then city limits. The cornerstone for a new building was laid on April 5, 1902. The local architect firm of Glenn Allen built the four-story brick structure to house up to 100 students. The building featured steam heat and electric lights. It contained an auditorium, a library of 3,000 volumes, a natatorium, and a gymnasium. The grounds were extensive enough to provide a baseball and football field as well as handball alleys.
After St. Basil's closed, the building was first used by the Academy of the Sacred Heart and then sat empty until 1943, when it was razed. According to Roderick Scott, the St. Louis Catholic Church sits on the exact spot where the building once sat. The Catholic High School is also located on the grounds.
College Football Data Warehouse lists seven games for St. Basil's during the 1912 season. In addition to six games against area high schools, St. Basil's tackled Baylor University's seconds, losing either 27-0 or 34-0, depending on the source.
But the sports program was considerably more extensive than one season of football. The Houston Post shows a football game as early as 1909—a 6-0 victory over Marlin High School. Rivalry games were against Waco High School and Hillsboro High School.
Baseball may have been the major sport. At least three St. Basil's players earned professional contracts. One, Louis Drucke, pitched four years in the majors with the New York Giants, winning 18 games. Teams from St. Basils defeated the touring Majestic Juniors 12-3 in 1909 and represented the city against the Houston Knights in an annual Knights of Columbus celebration.
St. Basil's College held an annual intramural track and field meet, and a team participated in the Cotton Palace Relays in 1913. But in 1911 the Waco Morning News reported that St. Basil's students were keen on handball, and that a team was very successful in the local YMCA league.
Louis Drucke. Image from the Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/ggbain/item/2014689216/