1. Things people typically do with others, you don't mind doing by yourself.
Going to a movie alone is no big deal for you. You don't mind being responsible for consuming a giant bag of popcorn all to yourself, or sipping a soda with only one straw.
Things that people normally do with other people you have no problem doing alone. The word normal means nothing to you anyway, so if normal people find going to a movie theatre alone strange, you don't care.
2. You're picky about who you date because you only want to date someone who you consider worth your time.
You're not the type of person who starts a relationship simply to avoid being single. You don't believe in settling, and you're not going to settle down and commit to someone until you know they're someone who's worthy of your commitment.
To others it might sound like you think too highly of yourself, but your ability to set standards stems from your ability to be alone when you refuse to lower them.
3. Just because you're fine with doing things alone doesn't mean you always want to be alone.
You enjoy your alone time, but you don't want to be alone all of the time. You're not necessarily a painfully shy person, and you don't necessarily consider yourself a complete introvert.
You like to get out and have fun, and be social, and the fact that you're able and comfortable to do things on your own does not take away from that.
4. You have alone time 'recovery' days.
When you have full weeks and weekends spending all of your time surrounded by other people, you need a recovery day thrown in there so you can decompress and hear your own thoughts.
Your independence is important to you simply because you need it to feel like yourself.
5. You have no problem being a 'third wheel' because you don't ever truly feel like one.
When you go to a carnival with your best friend and her long-term boyfriend wins you a giant stuffed giraffe it's not because he's trying to make you feel like less of a third wheel, it's because they're used to you being unafraid to join them on date nights that aren't actually dates.
6. Spending the night alone is more fun for you than spending it with people you don't actually want to be around.
There's no such thing for you as 'pretend friends,' you don't pretend to like people you don't, and you definitely don't spend time with them.
You're happy because the people you spend time with are people who nourish your happiness, not prevent it. You'll spend the night in your bedroom alone before you spend it with people who make you wish you were in your bedroom alone.
7. Declining an invitation isn't anything personal against whoever invites you.
When your best friend who you've known since middle school asks if you want to go to a karaoke bar for drinks with her and her new roommates you decline because a) you're a terrible singer and b) you'd rather binge watch Grace and Frankie all night than be forced to listen to her sing Aretha Franklin off-pitch. It's nothing personal, you still love your friend, but your couch and Netflix just feel like a better option tonight.
8. You're not embarrassed when you run into people you know while you're doing something by yourself.
9. You enjoy being alone but you don't enjoy feeling lonely.
Alone is a state of being; loneliness is a feeling. You have no problem being alone, because you don't feel lonely while doing so. You have your moments when you feel lonely, everyone does, but they don't have to happen when you're physically alone.
We all know it's possible to feel lonely in a room full of people, which is why it's wrong to assume that the people who enjoy being alone the most, are the loneliest.


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We are delighted to introduce our new Center at Baylor University, giving international students the support of a pathway programme before entering Baylor University.
Until now, direct entry to a degree has been the only option available to high-achieving international students aiming to study at Baylor University.
This is set to change in Fall 2018 when the International Study Center will open its doors on the University campus. With the launch of the Center, students will have the chance to study the International Year pathway programme before their degree.
The new programme will enable greater numbers of international students to study at Baylor University and increase diversity. For students with lower IELTS scores but who Baylor can see would otherwise truly thrive, the additional support provided at the Center will ensure they are ready to join the University.
The Center will teach a broad range of subjects, teaching academic knowledge, English language proficiency and essential study skills. The programme will last from two to three semesters, depending on the student's level of English on entry, and an additional Intensive English Program will also be available.
Successful completion of the International Year will lead to a choice of 142 majors at Baylor University. The Center has designed its curriculum to meet and exceed Baylor's quality standards so students can perform better throughout their studies.
Exceptional students still have the option to apply for direct entry to a degree if they meet the entry requirements.


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Use EBSCO Research Databases to find journals, magazines & newspapers. Broad coverage.


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This time of year, the mantra seems to be, "New year, new me." The gym is crowded, grocery carts are full of produce after holiday indulgence, and our journals have at least a few consecutive days of entries. But, it's not just adults that may want to hit the reset button and need a fresh start, perhaps your kids do too.
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Die Östliche Partnerschaft (ÖP; anfangs in den Medien auch Ost-Partnerschaft genannt; , EaP) ist ein Teilprojekt der Europäischen Nachbarschaftspolitik (ENP). "Das Hauptziel der Östlichen Partnerschaft besteht darin, die notwendigen Voraussetzungen für die Beschleunigung der politischen Assoziierung und der weiteren wirtschaftlichen Integration zwischen der Europäischen Union und interessierten Partnerstaaten zu schaffen." Mit den sechs postsowjetischen Staaten Armenien, Aserbaidschan, Belarus, Georgien, Moldau und Ukraine wurden entsprechende Abkommen geschlossen. Die Partnerschaft wurde auf Anregung des polnischen Außenministers Radosław Sikorski mit schwedischer Unterstützung am 26. Mai 2008 beim Rat für Allgemeine Angelegenheiten und Außenbeziehungen in Brüssel vorgestellt und auf dem Europäischen Rat im Dezember 2008 beschlossen. Der Gründungsgipfel fand am 7. Mai 2009 in Prag statt.

Hintergrund

Der Ursprung des Konzepts
Ursprung der Idee war der schwedisch-polnische Wunsch nach einem Pendant zur Mittelmeerpolitik. Knapp zwei Jahrzehnte nach dem Fall der Mauer war der Kaukasuskrieg 2008 (Georgienkrieg) eine Art "Weckruf" für die EU, die ehemaligen Sowjetrepubliken als souveräne Staaten und nicht mehr als "Russlands Hinterhof" zu betrachten. Am 26. Mai 2008 fand eine Sitzung der europäischen Außenminister statt. Die Außenminister Radosław Sikorski (Polen) und Carl Bildt (Schweden) brachten das Konzept einer "Eastern Partnership" als Diskussionsgrundlage ein. Es enthielt Anregungen hinsichtlich Visaregelungen und der Unterstützung der Reformprozesse. Schon 2004 hatte Polen vorgeschlagen, "eine östliche Dimension der EU" zu verstärken, weil man die Unabhängigkeit der Ukraine und deren Einbindung in die EU als Gewähr einer Absicherung Polens vor Russland betrachtete. Sikorskis Anfrage wurde von Frank-Walter Steinmeier wegen der fehlenden Berücksichtigung Russlands als Adressaten einer Östlichen Partnerschaft zurückgewiesen. Erst 2008 wurde es, zumal unter dem Eindruck des russischen Krieges gegen Georgien, durch die Unterstützung Carl Bildts möglich, die Politik der EU für eine östliche Partnerschaft zu gewinnen.

Die tschechische Ratspräsidentschaft
Die Einbindung Osteuropas war ein Schwerpunkt der tschechischen Ratspräsidentschaft 2009. Im Rahmen der Östlichen Partnerschaft sollen die Mittel für die Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik (ENP) verdoppelt werden. Ziel ist es, die sechs ehemaligen Sowjetrepubliken bei politischen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen zu unterstützen. Ihnen wird zollfreier Handel und visumfreies Reisen in Aussicht gestellt.

Gipfeltreffen und EURO-NEST
Um die Zusammenarbeit zu vertiefen, sind jährliche Treffen der Außenminister und ein Gipfeltreffen alle zwei Jahre geplant. Auf parlamentarischer Ebene wird die Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der Östlichen Partnerschaft von EURO-NEST unterstützt, einer Versammlung, der Mitglieder des Europäischen Parlaments (EP) und der Parlamente der sechs östlichen Nachbarstaaten angehören.

Unterschiede zur Mittelmeerunion
Seit Gründung der Union für das Mittelmeer am 13. Juli 2008 soll besonders Polen die verstärkte Konzentration auf den Süden als negative Entwicklung der EU betrachtet haben, die es durch eine Ostorientierung auszugleichen gelte.

Im Gegensatz zur Mittelmeerunion, die das Verhältnis der EU zu ihren Nachbarstaaten im südlichen Mittelmeerraum verbessern soll, gelten die in die Östliche Partnerschaft einbezogenen Staaten als langfristig mögliche Beitrittskandidaten. ("Für ENP-Staaten ist eine EU-Mitgliedschaft nicht vorgesehen. Für die Partner in der 'östlichen Nachbarschaft' ist dies prinzipiell möglich.") Das Abkommen legt daher, ohne eine Entscheidung im Einzelfall vorwegzunehmen, indirekt die zukünftigen Außengrenzen der EU fest. Umstritten ist in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem der Umgang mit dem belarussischen Präsidenten Aljaksandr Lukaschenka, der als "letzter Diktator Europas" gilt.

Unterschiede zur Europäischen Nachbarschaftspolitik
Ein entscheidender Unterschied zwischen Östlichen Partnerschaft und Europäischen Nachbarschaftspolitik besteht daraus, dass die Östliche Partnerschaft weitgehend auf multilateraler Kooperation basiert und dabei auch die Kooperation der Staaten untereinander gefördert wird.

Haltung Russlands
Russland steht der Östlichen Partnerschaft überwiegend ablehnend gegenüber. Im November 2009 betonte Präsident Medwedew bei einem Besuch in Belarus, dass er keinen Sinn in dem Abkommen sehe und alle teilnehmenden Staaten ihm gegenüber geäußert hätten, das ähnlich zu sehen. Außenminister Sergei Lawrow relativierte am 25. November Medwedews Aussage und ergänzte, dass auch Russland sich vorstellen könne, der Östlichen Partnerschaft beizutreten. Russland versuchte, seine Nachbarstaaten über die Eurasische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft einzubinden, aus der 2015 die Eurasische Wirtschaftsunion hervorging.

Auch in Deutschland unterstützen namhafte Politiker und Wissenschaftler die russische Sicht. So bezeichneten Stefan Meister und Marie-Lena May von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik 2009 den polnischen Ansatz als problematisch, weil er "vor allem gegen Russlands Einfluss in dieser Region gerichtet war. Damit war Russland von Anfang an – im Gegensatz zur finnischen Initiative in der Ostsee-Region – kein Adressat dieser Politik. Ohne die Einbeziehung Russlands kann jedoch keine zukunftsfähige Ostpolitik der EU gestaltet werden". Außenminister Carl Bildt, schreiben die beiden Autoren, sei wegen Schwedens Abneigung gegenüber der Ostsee-Pipeline und seiner russlandkritischen Haltung für dieses Projekt eingetreten.

Projekte und ihre Förderung
Projekte der Östlichen Partnerschaft werden unter anderem durch die Europäische Investitionsbank (EIB) gefördert. Der im Dezember 2010 eingerichtete "Treuhandfonds für technische Hilfe in den östlichen Partnerstaaten" (EPTATF) bietet projektbezogene Unterstützung und soll den Aufbau institutioneller Strukturen fördern. Studenten, die die Staatsangehörigkeit Aserbaidschans, Armeniens, Georgiens, der Republik Moldau oder der Ukraine besitzen, können sich im Rahmen des "Praktikumsprogramms" fachlich weiterbilden, wobei das "Vergütungspaket" ein monatliches Gehalt, Versicherung und die Erstattung der Reisekosten umfasst.

Geschichte

Vom Gründungsgipfel (2009) bis 2011

Nach dem Gründungsgipfel am 7. Mai 2009 in Prag fand am 8. Dezember 2009 in Brüssel das erste Außenministertreffen im Rahmen der Östlichen Partnerschaft statt. In der Presseerklärung heißt es, dass zu Gunsten der Östlichen Partnerschaft für den Zeitraum bis 2013 zusätzliche finanzielle Hilfe von 350 Millionen Euro bereitgestellt werden, "womit ein Gesamtbetrag von 600 Mio. EUR erreicht wird". Auf dem Treffen wurde vereinbart, 2010 mit allen beteiligten Staaten, außer Belarus, Verhandlungen über Assoziierungsabkommen aufnehmen zu wollen.

Von September 2008 bis Oktober 2011 liefen mit der Ukraine Verhandlungen über ein Assoziierungsabkommen. Die Unterzeichnung des Abkommens verzögerte sich im Dezember 2011 jedoch wegen Vorbehalten diverser EU-Staatennach der Inhaftierung der früheren ukrainischen Ministerpräsidentin Julija Tymoschenko. Am 12. Januar 2010 wurden in der moldauischen Hauptstadt Chișinău die Assoziierungs-Gespräche mit der Republik Moldau aufgenommen. Im Juli folgten Gespräche in den Hauptstädten von Armenien, Aserbaidschan und Georgien. Am Rande der Münchner Sicherheitskonferenz im Februar 2011 traf sich Georgiens Präsident Micheil Saakaschwili mit der deutschen Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel. Neben der Bitte, einen Dialog mit Russland zu ermöglichen, wollte er zudem eine Beschleunigung des Assoziierungsabkommens erreichen.

2. Gipfeltreffen 2011

2011 war Polen Gastgeber des zweiten Gipfeltreffens, das vom 29. bis 30. September in Warschau stattfand. Im Mittelpunkt der Diskussionen standen die Menschenrechtsverletzungen in Belarus und der Ukraine. Statt mit Präsident Aljaksandr Lukaschenka, traf sich die deutsche Bundeskanzlerin demonstrativ mit belarussischen Oppositionellen. Zu Merkels Gesprächspartnern gehörte unter anderem der ehemalige Präsidentschaftskandidat Uladsimir Njakljajeu.

Auf dem Gipfeltreffen 2011 wurde beschlossen, dass bis 2013 für bilaterale und multilaterale Projekte 1,9 Milliarden Euro zur Verfügung gestellt werden sollten. Außerdem wurde ein "Paket für die Demokratisierung und Modernisierung Weißrusslands" verabschiedet. Falls das Regime von Lukaschenka politische Gefangene freilässt und freie Wahlen garantiert, kann es auf Kredite in der Höhe von bis zu 9 Milliarden Euro zurückgreifen.

3. Gipfeltreffen 2013
Am 15. Mai 2012 wurde ein Plan ("Roadmap") verabschiedet, welche Ziele bis Gipfeltreffen im Herbst 2013 erreicht werden sollen. Dieses dritte Gipfeltreffen fand am 28. und 29. November 2013 in Vilnius statt, da Litauen zu diesem Zeitpunkt den Vorsitz im Rat der Europäischen Union innehatte.

Das Gipfeltreffen 2013 wurde von der Ablehnung der Ukraine überschattet, das in mehrjähriger Arbeit ausgehandelte Assoziierungsabkommen mit der EU zu unterzeichnen. Die Wirtschaftsbeziehungen mit Russland besäßen laut Kiew Vorrang vor einer weiteren Annäherung an die Europäische Union. In Vilnius kam es daher nur zu einer entsprechenden Übereinkunft mit den beiden kleineren Staaten Georgien und der Republik Moldau, die ein Assoziierungsabkommen mit der EU paraphierten. Moldau gilt seit dem Treffen als das neue "Musterland" der Östlichen Partnerschaft. Mit Aserbaidschan wurde ein Abkommen über eine vereinfachte Visaregelung geschlossen. Die Verhandlungen mit Armenien waren auch zügig vorangekommen, und das Land bereitete sich eigentlich auf die Unterzeichnung des Assoziierungsabkommens mit der EU in Vilnius vor. Doch nach seinem Moskaubesuch und den Gesprächen mit Putin kündigte Präsident Sersch Sargsjan am 3. September 2013 überraschend an, Armenien beabsichtige demnächst der russisch dominierten Zollunion beizutreten. Dazu lieferte er folgende Begründung: "Wenn ein Land Teil eines militärischen Sicherheitssystems sei, sei es unmöglich, sich von einem Wirtschaftsraum, der die gleichen Staaten umfasse, zu isolieren."

Die Aussetzung des Assoziierungsabkommens durch Wiktor Janukowytsch und die stärkere Anbindung an Russland führten nach Ende des Gipfeltreffens zu massiven Protesten in der Ukraine (Euromaidan).

EU-Gipfel im März 2014
Am 21. März 2014 unterzeichnete die ukrainische Übergangsregierung in Brüssel den politischen Teil des Assoziierungsabkommens mit der EU. Jean-Claude Juncker trat dafür ein, auch den Assoziierungsvertrag der EU mit der Republik Moldau sofort zu unterzeichnen, um, wie Russland auf der Krim, "Tatsachen zu schaffen".

Jubiläumstreffen in Prag, April 2014
Am 24. und 25. April fand in Prag das Jubiläumstreffen zum 5. Jahrestag der Gründung der Östlichen Partnerschaft statt. Außer Donald Tusk aus Polen nahm kein Regierungschef eines größeren EU-Landes an dem Treffen teil. Die EU wurde durch ihren Erweiterungs-Kommissar Štefan Füle vertreten. Laut den spärlichen Medienberichten sollte das Hauptthema der Veranstaltung die Krise in der Ukraine sein.

EU-Gipfel im Juni 2014
Am 27. Juni unterzeichnete die EU mit der Ukraine, Moldau und Georgien Assoziierungsabkommen. Der politische Teil des Abkommens mit der Ukraine war bereits im März 2014 unterzeichnet worden. Das Inkrafttreten des Abkommens wurde allerdings nach trilateralen Gespräche einvernehmlich auf den 31. Dezember 2015 verschoben, um russische Bedenken zu berücksichtigen.

Die erleichterten Handelsbestimmungen zwischen der EU, Georgien und Moldau sind seit dem 1. September 2014 wirksam.

4. Gipfeltreffen 2015

Das vierte Gipfeltreffen der Östlichen Partnerschaft fand am 21. und 22. Mai 2015 in Riga, der Hauptstadt von Lettland, statt. Angela Merkel dämpfte im Vorfeld der Gespräche die Erwartungen und schloss mit Blick auf Moskau einen EU-Beitritt der Ukraine aus. Die Östliche Partnerschaft sei "kein Instrument der Erweiterungspolitik". Die Ukraine und Georgien erhofften sich von der Europäischen Union dagegen eine "klare Perspektive" bei Themen wie EU-Beitritt und Visa-Erleichterungen.

Überlagert wurde der Gipfel von innenpolitischen Themen. Die Europäische Union war laut Medienberichten vor allem mit sich selbst beschäftigt. Der französische Präsident Hollande und die deutsche Bundeskanzlerin nutzten das Treffen zu einem zweistündigen Gespräch mit Premier Tsipras über die griechische Schuldenkrise. Der britische Premier David Cameron wollte vor allem über Großbritannien und seine Pläne für eine Reform der EU sprechen.

Das Ergebnis des Gipfels: Unter der Bedingung, dass die Korruption bekämpft und die Wirtschaft reformiert wird, sagte die EU der Ukraine einen Kredit in Höhe von 1,8 Milliarden Euro zu. 200 Millionen Euro Fördermittel, die sich die Ukraine, Georgien und der Republik Moldau teilen, sind für kleine und mittelgroße Unternehmen vorgesehen.  Nach den Moldauern können auch Georgier und Ukrainer einfacher in die EU reisen.

5. Gipfeltreffen 2017

Seit dem 1. Januar 2016 ist, neben Georgien und der Republik Moldau, auch die Ukraine Mitglied der Vertieften und umfassenden Freihandelszone (DCFTA). Für Georgier gilt seit dem 28. März und für Ukrainer seit dem 11. Juni 2017 Reisefreiheit. Sie können bis zu 90 Tagen ohne Visum in den Schengen-Raum einreisen. (Für Moldauer ist die "Schengenvisafreiheit" bereits am 28. April 2014 in Kraft getreten.)

Das fünfte Gipfeltreffen fiel in die Zeit der estnischen (ursprüngliche Planung: britischen) EU-Ratspräsidentschaft. Die Abschlusserklärung von 2015 hatte ausnahmsweise keinen Tagungsort festgelegt. Das Gipfeltreffen fand am 24. November 2017 im Europa-Gebäude in Brüssel statt. Die Staats- und Regierungschefs besprachen, wie die Zusammenarbeit in den vier Bereichen Wirtschaft, Staatsführung, Konnektivität (Verbesserung der Verbundnetze, insbesondere in den Bereichen Verkehr und Energie) und Gesellschaft weiter ausgebaut werden kann. Als Ziel der Östlichen Partnerschaft nannte Johannes Hahn, EU-Kommissar für Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik und Erweiterungsverhandlungen, einen "Gürtel des Wohlstands" rings um die EU zu bilden.

Die sechs Partnerstaaten der EU verfolgen dabei unterschiedliche Interessen. Sie lassen sich grob in zwei Gruppen aufteilen. Während die Regierungen Georgiens, Moldaus und der Ukraine auf eine konsequente Annäherung an die EU setzen, haben sich Armenien und Belarus der Eurasischen Wirtschaftsunion angeschlossen; auch Aserbaidschans Außenpolitik ist stark von Russland dominiert. Die EU will daher "maßgeschneiderte Abkommen" mit ihren östlichen Nachbarstaaten schließen, wobei Hilfen an entsprechende Fortschritte bei Demokratisierung und Rechtsstaatlichkeit geknüpft werden.

10-jähriges Jubiläum 2019

Im April 2018 hat eine "samtene Revolution" zum Sturz der für Korruption und Vetternwirtschaft verantwortlich gemachten Regierung in Armenien geführt. Trotz der Entwicklungen wurde aus Rücksicht auf die Europawahl 2019 und der damit verbundenen Neuvergabe von Führungspositionen auf das reguläre Gipfeltreffen verzichtet. Stattdessen wurde am 13. und 14. Mai 2019 das 10-jährige Jubiläum der Östlichen Partnerschaft, begleitet durch rund 100 multilaterale Veranstaltungen, in Brüssel gefeiert. Im Rahmen der Feier kam es zwar zu einem Treffen hochrangiger Politiker, aber auf die bei Gipfeltreffen übliche Abschlusserklärung wurde verzichtet.

Mit einer Videokonferenz der Führungsspitzen der Östlichen Partnerschaft wurde das sechste reguläre Gipfeltreffen, weitgehend ohne Resonanz in den Medien, am 18. Juni 2020 nachgeholt.

Weitere Entwicklung

Am 23. Mai 2021 zwangen die belarussischen Behörden den Ryanair-Flug 4978 außerplanmäßig in Minsk zu landen. Die EU beschloss daraufhin Sanktionen gegen Belarus, das seinerseits Ende Juni seinen Gesandten aus Brüssel abzog und ankündigte, "die belarusische Beteiligung an der 'Östlichen Partnerschaft' ruhen zu lassen".

Im Juli 2021 haben die Europäische Kommission und der Hohe Vertreter der Union für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik einen Vorschlag für die künftigen Prioritäten der Östlichen Partnerschaft vorgelegt. Insgesamt sind Finanzhilfen, Mischfinanzierungen und Garantien in Höhe von 2,3 Mrd. Euro geplant. Auch in Belarus sollen die Bürger weiterhin unterstützt werden.

Am 15. Dezember 2021 fand in Brüssel das 7. Gipfeltreffen der Östlichen Partnerschaft statt.

Am 24. Februar 2022 startete Russland einen Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine. Vier Tage später stellte Präsident Wolodymyr Selenskyj demonstrativ für sein Land einen Antrag auf EU-Mitgliedschaft. Am 3. März folgten Georgien und Moldawien, wegen der "neuen Realität", dem Beispiel der Ukraine.

Am 6. Oktober 2022 fand im Prag das erste Treffen im Rahmen der Europäischen Politischen Gemeinschaft (EPG) statt, um unter anderem den Austausch mit den EU-Beitrittskandidaten zu stärken.

Forum der Zivilgesellschaft
Eines der Hauptanliegen der Östlichen Partnerschaft ist die Förderung der Zivilgesellschaft. Dafür steht das jährlich stattfindende "Forum der Zivilgesellschaft" (, EaP CSF), dessen erstes Treffen im November 2009 in Brüssel stattfand. Das zweite Treffen fand 2010 in Berlin, das dritte Treffen 2011 in Posen (Polen) statt. 2012 war Stockholm (Schweden), 2013 Chișinău (Moldau) und 2014 Batumi (Georgien) Veranstaltungsort. Das 7. Forum fand vom 19. bis 21. November 2015 in Kiew statt. Das 8. Forum der Zivilgesellschaft fand am 28. und 29. November 2016 in Brüssel statt. Das 9. Treffen folgte vom 25. bis 27. Oktober 2017 in Tallinn.

Im Rahmen der Konferenz wurden 2016 Mykola Semena, ein verfolgter Journalist von der Krim, und 2017 der inhaftierte aserbaidschanische Journalist Afgan Mukhtarli mit dem "EaP CSF Pavel Sheremet Journalism Award" ausgezeichnet. 2019 erhielt die Recherchegruppe RISE Moldova den Preis.

E-Partnership
Am 4. Oktober 2017 fand in Tallinn eine Konferenz zur "E-Partnership" "Vertrauen in E-Governance in Staaten der Östlichen Partnerschaft" statt. Die Konferenz setzte sich mit der Frage auseinander, wie die Staaten der Östlichen Partnerschaft Informationstechnologien nutzen können, um Regierungsführung transparenter zu gestalten und die Sicherheit des Cyberspace zu garantieren.

Siehe auch
 Europäischer Demokratiefonds (EED)
 Westbalkan-Konferenz
 Assoziiertes Trio
 Lublin-Dreieck

Literatur
 Sebastian Schäffer, Dominik Tolksdorf: The Eastern Partnership – 'ENP plus' for Europe's Eastern neighbors. In: CAPerspectives, 4/2009 (englisch)
 Susan Stewart: Russland und die Östliche Partnerschaft. In: SWP-Aktuell, 21/2009.
 Wolfgang Tiede, Jakob Schirmer: Die Östliche Partnerschaft der EU. In: WeltTrends, Heft 71 (März/April 2010), S. 10–14.
 Wolfgang Tiede, Jakob Schirmer: Die Östliche Partnerschaft der Europäischen Union im Rahmen des Gemeinschaftsrechts. In: Osteuropa-Recht (OER) 2009, Heft 2, S. 184–19.

Weblinks

Allgemein
 Europäischer Auswärtiger Dienst (EAD): Infos zur Östlichen Partnerschaft (englisch)
 Auswärtiges Amt (AA): Die Östliche Partnerschaft
 Eastbook.eu – Das Portal über die Östliche Partnerschaft (englisch, polnisch und russisch)
 Eastern Partnership – Civil Society Forum (Forum der Zivilgesellschaft) – Homepage
 Die "Östliche Partnerschaft" und die Europäische Union (Staatsporträts), DLF, 4. bis 8. Mai 2009

Historische Dokumente
 Tagung des Europäischen Rates: "Schlussfolgerungen" (Punkte 29-31; PDF; 208 kB), 19.–20. März 2009

 Joint Declaration of the Eastern Partnership Summit, Vilnius, 28-29 November 2013 (PDF; 180 kB)

Einzelnachweise

Osteuropa
Europäische Nachbarschaftspolitik
Außenpolitik (Armenien)
Außenpolitik (Aserbaidschan)
Außenpolitik (Belarus)
Außenpolitik (Georgien)
Außenpolitik (Republik Moldau)
Ukraine und die Europäische Union
Gegründet 2009

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ever since the launch of our DNS scan, we've had the warning about mismatched NS records. Many users choose to ignore this, but there's a pretty good reason we give a big warning whenever those records don't line up.
In this blogpost, we'll show what can happen with misconfigured NS records.


text:
Q: Passing variables between classes in Actionscript 3 I'm not terribly good at this modern object coding lark and think I may have misunderstood how this is meant to to work:
This is test.as in my Flash Builder 4.7 project called test
package
{
import flash.display.Sprite;

public class test extends Sprite

{
    public var myVar:int = 10;
    public function test() {
        var myTestsub:testsub = new testsub;
    }
   }
}

And this is my testsub.as file:
package
{
public class testsub
{
    public function testsub()
    {
        trace(myVar);
    }
  }
}

Flash Builder tells me that in testsub.as "Possible access of undefined variable myVar" and will not compile.
From my limited, and probably incorrect, understanding, making myVar public in test.as should allow testsub.as to use it. Can anyone explain where I am going wrong? Thank you in advance.

A: There are no connections between the classes. They need a link, similar to this solution:
public class test extends Sprite
{
    public var myVar:int = 10;
    public function test() {
        var myTestsub:testsub = new testsub(this);
    }
}

public class testsub
{
    public function testsub(otherClass:test)
    {
        trace(otherClass.myVar);
    }
}

In test when creating the testsub-class we pass a long a referende to the instance of test. That makes it possible to access public functions & variables on that instance from the other class. (Observer that you need to add test-class as an import inside testsub in order to compile code.

A: you need to wirte your var like this:
public class the_var
{
    public function the_var
    {
        public static var my_var:number = 10;
    }
}

and call your var in other classes like this:
public class the_test
{
    public function the_test
    {
        trace(the_var.my_var);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Exercises are useful. Do you spend an excessive amount of time near a TV or computer? Do you think that this will not affect your health? One study showed that for every hour of television viewing you will make almost 17 thousand steps less per day. Movement is an effective way not only to reduce weight, but also to combat many diseases. With the general health products you can have the smartest options for the same now.
Food – eat more fruits and vegetables. Studies have shown that people who eat a sufficient amount of fiber naturally have a lower percentage of body fat. Add fruit to the porridge, eat them for dessert and snack. Fiber cleans the body of excess cholesterol, toxins and toxins, and also promotes the development of normal intestinal microflora. Familiarization with a list of complex carbohydrates will help to make a healthy diet.
Chicken fillet is the leader in low fat content among meat products. Tired of chicken? You can vary your usual food with beef. Just pay attention to low-fat varieties, serving sizes.
Products with high fat content last longer maintain a sense of satiety than carbohydrates. Try nuts, seeds, olives, like snacks, to keep the appetite in check. Only do not overdo, these foods are high in calories!
Use every opportunity to keep fit throughout the day. Do not use the elevator, but walk, walk a couple of stops on the road from work, often do house cleaning. Thus, you will improve your mood, get a charge of vivacity.
Remember that overweight greatly increases the risk of developing diabetes. A study published in the journal Diabetes Care in 2006 showed that lifestyle changes and a healthy diet are the most important factors in reducing the risk of developing pathologies.
Urgent care facilities offer medical services 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. They cater for the instances when your primary care doctor's premises are closed. This could be at night, weekends and public holidays. Urgent care Grosse Pointe facilities handle health cases that are urgent though not considered as emergencies and are not life threatening.
They are handle cases that come before your scheduled appointment with your primary care doctor. This being the situation, it is important to be certain that you are dealing with an authentic high quality urgent care center. There are several ways to determine whether an urgent care center is suitable for you.
Medical care is very expensive even when you have an insurance policy. First, enquire whether the urgent care center accepts insurance policies. This is done to prevent incurrence of high bills and making a lot cash payments. Ask your insurance company to give you a list of in –network local urgent care centers. That is, those that they work with. However you may be charged copay. Copay refers to the cost sharing plan agreed on by a client and an insurance company and its client that requires the client to pay a certain amount each time they visit a doctor.
The fact that you can access medical services at a cheaper cost is one of the selling points of urgent care centers. Insurance cover makes this possible. Urgent care centers give access to the patient's primary care program. They communicate with your primary doctor to find out about your medical history and progress to avoid repetition of services and extra expenses. Selecting an urgent care center that provides pharmaceutical services is another way of cutting costs. This is very beneficial for patients who have high deductible plans and have to pay cash for their medicines. A deductible is the amount you are charged for an insurance claim before the insurance company begins covering you.
Urgent care facilities are very convenient and efficient. Their work schedules include late night hours and weekends. This flexibility ensures that lengthy medical procedures are completed without having to suspend them. Thus the urgent condition does not have to wait until your primary doctor is available. Working with an urgent care provider that is connected with your primary doctor reduces the time spent filling out long medical forms since they already have all your information at hand.
A good urgent care center has a good reputation and a smooth relationship with other local specialists and service providers. They should be connected to your primary doctor. This gives access to vital medical information and helps to disseminate it to other specialists. This collaboration ensures that your medical needs are handled by a wider team of expertsfor better analysis and solutions.
Urgent care centers give their patients first priority. They also offer detailed examinations for better diagnosis and treatment.
An example often says more than many pages of complex explanations. So also with the topic factoring because what in theory often seems complex and intellectual, ultimately proves to be extremely simple and straightforward. With a simple factoring example calculation we want to show you how factoring can make a tangible difference for you and your company.
But before we present a factoring example for you, let's first briefly discuss what factoring actually is. Although it has been a tried and tested instrument for millennia and continues to enjoy greater popularity, very few people can imagine anything about it.
Factoring means that a specialized financial service provider (factor) "buys" certain receivables and pays out their value at short notice. The advantages of factoring are obvious: With factoring, you can quickly obtain valuable liquid funds that you can use either to pay for deliveries, to build up reserves or for investment projects. Although a factoring fee is due, the method is often cost-neutral: exploiting discounts made possible by this is just one example of how factoring can optimize your business processes. The invoice factoring companies are there also.
What does factoring look like in practice? By way of example, let us briefly explain this. Suppose you have outstanding invoices worth a total of 30,000 dollars. If you now contact a factor, for example because you need money to buy a new machine, it will first check which of the receivables are eligible for a takeover. If your debtor is a company with a very poor credit rating, it will make the acquisition virtually impossible. Even if a debt collection company has already been activated, this means an exclusion criterion in terms of factoring.
Let's assume that the factor can take over claims totaling 10,000 dollars. After the conclusion of the factoring agreement, in which you settle the details of the transaction, you will now receive the full amount, minus a factoring fee.
How much is this factoring fee?
It depends in practice on a variety of factors. If we assume for our factoring example that it amounts to 1%, then this means that the sum of 9,900dollars will be credited to you.
Of course, you have to decide for yourself what points are important to you on the list and if you are willing to pay a higher fee for a lower risk. So, be aware of what you expect from factoring and what problems the factoring company should solve for you. Then nothing stands in the way of a good cooperation with the factor.
The all-natural organic substance understood everywhere as kratom is not without its conflicts. For centuries, people have utilized the plant-based product in conventional medicine, especially in its native region of southeast Asia. After it started to be imported into the USA, some government regulatory agencies have focused on it, asserting it represents a serious health and wellness threat to American citizens. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has actually taken the lead on promoting a kratom ban states a serial entrepreneur.
Belonging to southeast Asian countries like Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, and Malaysia, kratom is an all-natural substance created from the fallen leaves of Mitragyna speciosa, an evergreen hedge carefully related to the coffee plant. In standard solution, the fallen leaves of the plant were eaten to ease discomfort or made right into a tea to battle infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and also increasing energy levels. Of the 40 or more energetic chemical substances in the kratom plant, 2 psychoactive compounds are referred to as mitragynine, as well as 7-hydroxymitragynine have received one of the most interest.
Depending on the dosage, kratom can produce stimulant-like or pain-relieving effects. In the Western world, it has ended up being prominent over the last few years as an all-natural option to potentially unsafe opioid pain relievers. It can also be made use of to combat the signs of opiate withdrawal. It has actually additionally developed an entertainment following, with users making a tea from the powdered leaves or by smoking the leaves.
Regardless of kratom possibility to provide pain relief and relief from drug withdrawal signs and symptoms, to name a few health benefits, the substance is not well examined in the medical area past a few minimal investigations.
The FDA, jointly with the United States Drug Enforcement Management (DEA), suggested a complete restriction on the importation, sale, and also circulation of kratom in the United States in September 2016. The DEA also used to categorize the all-natural plant material as an Arrange 1 medicine with high abuse possibility and also no medical worth; other drugs in the Arrange 1 classification include heroin, LSD, and methamphetamine. The FDA opened up a public commenting period after revealing it would certainly promote an importation restriction as well as was surprised at the singing public outcry supporting kratom as well as its capacity for dealing with some medical problems.
The FDA has released alerting letters as well as advisory informs since it first tried a ban, suggesting that kratom isn't really risk-free as well as represents substantial dangers as an unrestrained and unapproved substance.
The company has asserted that kratom-related fatalities have increased together with calls to toxin control centers as well as a salmonella scare occurring from a tainted delivery of kratom. Industry campaigning for groups like the Kratom Trade Association (KTA), an organization started by entrepreneur and also ethnobotanical expert Sebastian Guthery, have joined pressures with kratom fanatics, scientists, medical professionals, and various other companies to push back versus any prospective bans.
The KTA believes that outlawing the importation of kratom will adversely influence thousands of individuals that depend on the substance to deal with persistent pain. A ban will certainly additionally influence clinical studies that look for to open new clinical applications for the all-natural plant substance.
Guthery and also others in the ethnobotanical product's community will remain to promote this Oriental plant and also its capacity for boosting the lives of individuals all over the world.
What is detoxification for drug addiction and why should it be carried out? The fact is that for complete rehabilitation of the body from drugs you need to get rid of all the residues of harmful substances that accumulated during the time that was overshadowed by the drug use.
How to remove from the body the remains of drugs (marijuana, spice, hash, hemp, lsd, morphine, cocaine) and alcohol? Regardless of the type of drug, our body roughly collects the remains of narcotic substances approximately and equally displays them.
In the human body, nature has a very powerful self-cleaning system. But due to many external factors this mechanism starts to work worse and worse every year. If there is a constant poisoning with drugs or alcohol, then this function gradually disappears completely. That is, if harmful substances are constantly present in the human body, then the body becomes weaker with time, which is accompanied by constant illnesses and poor health. At the lighthouse treatment center orange county the solutions are effective also.
A specially developed detoxification program for drug addiction can remove harmful substances from the body and restore natural purification processes.
This is a normal reaction of the body to ingest foreign substances (poisons – drugs and alcohol) into the blood. There is an internal cleaning process; the body takes all necessary measures to get rid of the poisons. This phenomenon occurs almost every time you take drugs or alcohol. But the natural functions of the body are not unlimited, and eventually the process of detoxification gradually slows down and soon almost completely turns off.
Drugs gradually destroy the internal functions of the body, make them unfit for use, negating all possible attempts to purify themselves. But not only do drugs affect the body, but virtually all substances that are not food for a person are various drugs, gases from chemical industries, car exhausts. But unlike drugs and alcohol, they do not get into the human body in such huge concentrations, and the body, though with great difficulty, but still constantly cleanses itself. Drugs strongly shift this balance towards gradual degradation.
It is impossible to carry out effective detoxification (alcohol or for drug addicts) at home – at home there are no conditions that would allow a thorough withdrawal of all sediment of drugs from adipose tissue. And without this, it is impossible to achieve major improvements, since even the smallest particles of the deposits of their adipose tissue in the blood (for example, losing weight or playing sports) can cause negative manifestations, including cravings for alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, spice, that is , to what the person was taking.
In addition to general health and nutrition (vitamins A, B, C and D are especially important), the health of the eyes is greatly affected by the correctness of skin care for the eyelids. Even if you do not complain about your eyesight, take care of the "mirrors of the soul" from day to day.
It is very harmful for the eyes to be in smoky rooms, so try not to go out to the smoking room with colleagues for smoke breaks, if you do not smoke. And if you smoke, try to smoke outside, not indoors. Also, avoid too bright light. When you work or read, make sure that the light is bright, but not cutting and falling on the left side. Take breaks in order to just sit for 10 seconds with your eyes closed. You can rotate the eyes in turns in different directions. Also you should go for the Eye Exam now.
Not bad in the evenings before going to bed put on the lotions from tea brewing or infusion of blue basilisk. A teaspoon of basilisk petals (you can also use rose petals) pour boiling water and insist under the lid for 20 minutes. After the procedure, spread the eyelids well with a soft, easily absorbed cream.
Close your eyes tightly and count slowly until 5. Then open your eyes, lift them up and also count to five and close again.
Slowly look to the left, count to five. Then slowly look to the right, count to five and return to the starting position. Close your eyes for a few seconds and repeat the exercise.
Raise your eyes up, count to three, then slowly lower your eyes down and count to three as well. Close your eyes for a few seconds.
Rotate your eyes from right to left, then left to right. Rotate slowly and between the approaches, close your eyes for a few seconds.
A very good exercise for the eyes is when you look afar at an object, and then look at a nearby object. Repeat several times.
If you have tired eyes, then a fine eye massage will be a wonderful care for tired eyes. For this, sit on a chair with your back to the light source. Back, neck and head should be on the same line. Take a small breath, and on exhalation, from the outer edge of the eye to the bridge of the nose, rolling slightly, push the lower part of the palm over your eyes. By the way, this is one of my favorite exercises in eye care.
Essential gain access to health centers, ambulatory treatment and also office-based medical techniques would certainly be subject to new needs for discomfort analysis and management under proposals released by the Joint Commission, with secure prescribing of opioids needing to be an "organizational priority" in all three settings.
The suggested criteria have some distinctions in the different settings. Generally, however, the brand-new requirements put a better emphasis on attending to the danger of people creating dependencies as well as dependencies in centers' discomfort monitoring approaches.
As an example, all three setups' recommended criteria would make decreasing "the threat connected with treatment," in addition to the organization examining and handling the client's pain, a component of the commission's aspects of performance. Whereas the existing requirements stated strategies must mirror the possible danger of dependency as well as abuse, the new requirement would replace it with something more comprehensive.
"The organization develops a customized discomfort therapy plan that includes nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic or a combination of methods based on evidence-based methods and the client's clinical condition and past medical history," the suggested requirements read declares Narinder Grewal Md..
Facilities would additionally include clients in developing their discomfort monitoring plans by educating people on their options, how to use opioid and non-opioid medications safely, as well as "establishing practical assumptions" for the level, duration and also decrease of pain.
Upon discharge, all three setups would certainly need to enlighten individuals and also their households on how their discomfort management therapies could result in adverse effects as well as how opioids need to be kept and dealt with when recommended. Making certain excess prescription opioids aren't so quickly obtainable for people besides the patient to which they have been recommended has been consistently mentioned as a priority for federal legislators and firms looking for to address the opioid epidemic.
To date, in our super-developed world, an incredible number of Internet pages on electrical work, are full of discussions on everyday topics that develop the thought, how to install the outlet, how to hang the chandelier yourself, how to replace the switch yourself and so on.
Try not to put household appliances close to appliances that produce heat (for example, a heating battery), it is also not recommended to install them in niches, push them too close to the wall and cover them with anything. These devices do not like warm places in the house, because they produce heat. Excess heat is always harmful to any appliance.
Place the TV in an evenly lit place, this allows you to set the brightness and contrast adjustments to a lower level. This also applies to computer monitors. This measure allows you to save up to 5% of electricity.A reliable electrician in Singapore will be able to help you with that.
Place the refrigerator in a cool place, in no case near the stove. If the temperature in the room where the refrigerator is standing reaches 30ºC, then its electricity consumption doubles.
Operation of the air conditioner should be done with closed windows and doors. Otherwise, the air conditioner will cool the street or other rooms, and where necessary coolness will be hot. At the same time, the energy consumed by the air conditioner will be wasted.
Do not use electric heaters in the house, unless there is an urgent need. It is better to conduct a purposeful work on the insulation of windows and doors. The heating batteries will effectively heat the room if they are to be replaced with heat reflecting screens and not covered with thick curtains.
Electric dimmers (dimmers) help to save electricity. These devices are placed in place of the conventional switch and adjust the brightness of the lamp light. When you read, eat, relax, or have fun, the level of lighting should match each of these activities. For example, if you are watching TV and you do not need bright lighting in the room, then turn the dimmer knob and "dampen" the light. There are also noiseless dimmers, with the ability to control from several points or remotely via a remote control. Note that the built-in fade-in and switch-off mode eliminates the harmful effects on the eyes of a sudden and bright flash set. Another advantage of dimmers is that they extend the life of lamps. A famous electrician in Singapore is the right option here.
However, some energy-saving lamps are not designed to work in luminaires with a dimmer. By means of impulse relays, illumination control from several places is carried out. Of course, it is very convenient to enter the apartment, turn on the light on your way: in the corridor, kitchen, living room. And you do not have to run all the rooms to turn off the light – just press the button at the head of the bed, and the light in the entire apartment will go out.
During the night you don't require the same level of conscious cool. Try turning your AC down (so it is running less) during your sleep hours or, if your unit has one, utilize the "sleep mode" this lowers the output on a timer.
The basement is traditionally the coolest room in the home, so try closing all the vents in the lower portion of your home. The cool air will slink down there naturally and by closing those vents, you're forcing all the air up top first, cooling as it comes down.
Some basic maintenance might be all your air conditioner needs, but most will greatly benefit from a good hosing out, especially if you're plagued with pesky trees like Cottonwoods that drop seeds which stick to the filters and make the unit work harder! You may also call some service person who are good at aircon chemical wash.
Making sure the areas where your ducts run through parts of your home without air conditioning (like the attic) are properly insulated will keep the air coming in as cool as it can be. Paying for half cool air isn't anyone's idea of money well spent!
Furniture that obstructs air conditioning vents means you could be cooling the back of a chair or the bottom side of your sofa and although it might appreciate the thought, be pretty sure you'd have that chill for yourself instead. There are plastic pieces you can buy for your vents to help force air in the right direction, but the easiest way is to just rearrange your furniture, even if only temporarily.
Turning lights off can help reduce your heat, but paying attention to how much light you let in from open windows can also play a significant role. Although it might seem neurotic to open and close your windows every day with the changing of the sun, it makes a huge difference in how much heat your a.c. is competing against.


text:
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In - at the beginning of June, there broke out an epizootic inflammation of the eyes among the horses belonging to the regiments Graf Araktschejef; this ophthalmia was of such a virulent character, that it completely destroyed these organs.
Davis, Stengel and Beyea, for in America.
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However, as you speak to various organizations you will quickly learn I that their interest in how you present your material is far over-shadowed by their interest in what you have to say (india). Because of the effects of estrogens on epiphyseal closure Ovulen should be used judiciously in young patients in whom bone growth The age of the patient order constitutes no absolute limiting factor, although Ovulen therapy may mask the onset of the climacteric. And this particular form of neglect of duty trihydrate is only too common both in male and female attendants. In epithelium growing in many bloodserum, epithelial pearls are not rarely found. The patient was hysterical, had been previously catbeterizecl by an American para female physician, and, on her arrival in this country, injured a knee-joint, for which her medical adviser applied a blister, and she subsequently came under his care for retention, which he could not Dr Macdonald commended the paper. The cells show a marked tendency to form small clumps with price fusion of their protoplasm. Upon of passing the above examinations the candidate receives the right to practise.
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Where Does Ted Nugent Live
January 29, 2022 September 14, 2022 Zeeshan 0 Comments
Where does Ted Nugent live? You may be curious about the famous rock guitarist. His current home in Los Angeles is a perfect place to catch his concerts. His hometown is a quiet suburb of San Francisco. He enjoys hanging out with his fans and making new friends. If you're looking for an interesting place to visit, consider checking out his website. You can also check out his social media accounts to keep up with his latest happenings.
House in Crawford
Where does Ted Nugent live? The musician currently lives in Crawford, Texas. He moved to this town about 18 months ago, and recently obtained a driver's license in the state. In addition to living in a rural area, he enjoys hunting and fishing. This makes his house in Crawford an excellent choice for a new adventure. And while he's enjoying the outdoors, there are still plenty of things to do in Crawford.
Originally He is from Michigan
Originally from Michigan, Ted Nugent moved to Texas in 2005. He plans to get a driver's license in his new home state soon. The singer and his wife have a new dog, and have a beautiful ranch in Crawford. He notes that the hunting in this area is great. And he'll continue to make music while living in this region. So, where does TED NUGER live?
A former Texas governor, Nugent is an enthusiastic supporter of President Bush, and even writes for the Texas fish and game department's publication. He has also launched a "Hunters for the Hungry" program in which he and his wife deliver game to the needy. During his holidays, he has visited his Michigan home and remodeled it for upcoming concerts. The tour dates for his new show will be announced soon.
According to wikipedia.com, Ted Nugent is a resident of Detroit, Michigan. He was born in a small neighborhood near the river. This neighborhood is home to a number of animals and was where he grew up. It was also near the Rouge River. In the past, he was convicted of anti-Semitism and other crimes against minorities, but he has since moved on to a new home.
Among his properties, Nugent owns a fruit farm. The farm was established in 1918, and is located south of Benzonia. It is a scenic location. In addition to his fruit farm, he has a 340-acre hunting ranch in Jackson County. The ranch is home to exotic animals and buffaloes. So, it's not surprising that the rocker would spend much time on his ranch, especially during the holidays.
300 acres Ranch
In addition to his Waco, Texas home, Ted Nugent also owns 300 acres of land in western Jackson County. He uses this land to hunt and to perform concerts. His home has become a popular attraction among fans of the singer. But it's not for everyone. If you're looking for a place to relax, he also owns a ranch in the suburbs of Austin, California.
Theodore Anthony Nugent is an American rock musician and activist. He has his Instagram profile Ted Nugent (@tednugentofficial) with 457K fan following. Currently he is 73 years old. He had 2 marriages and 5 children. Some of his famous songs include "Fred Bear"," Cat Scratch Fever" and many more.
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Accessory buildings may be placed on a vacant lot or parcel if it is contiguous to a principal use lot with an existing residential building on the residential lot. The lot or parcel must be owned by and deeded to the same owner(s) as long as the accessory building or use continues.
Where more than one (1) vacant lot is considered a contiguous parcel to a principle use or residential lot with a residential building, only one (1) contiguous parcel shall be used for the construction of an accessory building.
Our issue is in a platted subdivision. A person owns a lot with a residence on it. He also owns three contiguous lots. The Planning Commissioner says they may put an accessory building on any one of or all the contiguous lots as they are all one parcel. I say he may build an accessory building on only one of the lots.
Contiguous means "touching," "in actual contact." So if you have the four lots situated in a row: 1, 2, 3, and 4. Then lots 1 and 2 are contiguous. Lots 3 and 4 are contiguous. But lots 1 and 3 are not, lots 2 and 4 are not. If the principle use is on lot 1, then only lot 2 is contiguous. If the principle use is on lot 4, then only lot 3 is contiguous. Only the contiguous lots are where the accessory could be built. If the principle use is on lot 2, then both lots 1 and 3 are contiguous (and which lot the accessory is built on would be the applicant's choice). If the principle use is on lot 3, then both lots 2 and 4 are contiguous (and which lot the accessory is built on would be the applicant's choice).
As to if the four lots are one parcel or not will depend on how the zoning ordinance defines "parcel."
The part of the zoning ordinance quoted in your question is saying that the two lots must be kept together and sold as a single unit. In other words one cannot build the accessory building to the principle use (house) and later sell the accessory building without also selling the lot where the principle use is located, all to the same person.
So if the principle use (house) is on lot 1, and the accessory is on lot 2 -- then lots one and two must always stay together. But lot 3 or 4 can be sold to someone else. If the principle use (house) is on lot 1, and the accessory is on lot 3 -- the zoning ordinance only requires lots 1 and 3 to be kept together. But lot 2 might be sold to someone else, but that creates two separate parcels with a gap in-between. It appears that is what the authors of this part of the zoning ordinance are trying to avoid.
I chose a simple example of explaining this, four lots all in a row. But it might also be four lots so that they all touch at a corner (contiguous) (in a square arrangement) where lots 1 and 3 might be contiguous, and even if lot 2 or 4 are sold, lots 1 and 3 still touch. If that is the case, obviously that entirely changes the answer and thinking given above.
On a slightly different note: In the first instance the zoning administrator is responsible for interpreting and applying the zoning ordinance. If the zoning administrator wishes to discuss it, or converse, that is an ordinance interpretation case that goes before the zoning board of appeals. It does not get discussed or placed on the planning commission agenda. If the planning commission (not one member, but an action of the majority of the planning commission) does not agree with what the zoning administrator ruled they can appeal the zoning administrator's decision to the zoning board of appeals.


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Watch a Horrowshow of Claustrophobia and Xenomorphs in the 'Alien: Isolation' Trailer
Amanda Ripley follows in her mother's footsteps
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Graeme McMillan
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Alien Isolation Amanda Ripley Art - H 2013
Creative Assembly/SEGA
Apparently, keeping your cool while dealing with alien xenomorphs runs in the family.
A new trailer for Alien: Isolation, titled "Improvise," was released online Wednesday, showing the lead character of the game — and daughter of Sigourney Weaver's character from the movies, Ellen Ripley — trying to escape from the xenomorphs while retrieving a piece of technology that tells her exactly what she doesn't want to know.
Weaver herself makes an appearance in an expanded version of the game alongside her fellow cast members from the 1979 original movie as part of two alternate missions set during the Ridley Scott movie. Both the regular and expanded "Nostromo" editions of Alien: Isolation will be released for multiple platforms including Xbox 360, Xbox One, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4, in October.
Get the scoops first! Breaking news and interviews on comics, sci-fi, horror and more
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A new Pop Warner lawsuit raises hard questions about how we regulate youth tackle football.
To understand what a new potential class action lawsuit filed last week against Pop Warner and other youth football-related organizations over brain damage could mean for the future of the sport, start with helmets.
No, not those helmets. Not the heavy, foam-filled, hard plastic shells America is strapping onto the heads of its eight-year-olds before sending them out to hit and tackle one another, just like they do in the National Football League. Think novelty toy helmets. The kind you give a child to play with, not in, and that maybe end up on a shelf in the kitchen, flipped over and filled with candy.
Earlier this year, sports safety advocate and litigation consultant Kimberly Archie spent a day on Capitol Hill, lobbying Congress about brain injuries. During a meeting with House committee staffers, she produced two football helmets. One was a toy. The other was real, like the one worn by her son, Paul Bright Jr., who played eight years of Pop Warner football, later suffered mood and behavior problems, died in a motorcycle accident at age 24, and subsequently was diagnosed with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disease linked to repetitive head trauma and found in the brains of many deceased football players.
The design of the toy helmet, Archie explained, was subject to series of federal safety regulations intended to shield children under age 12 from harm: minimal levels of lead, because lead can be toxic; no particularly small parts, because kids can swallow them and choke. Commonsense protections, too often born from preventable tragedy.
Meanwhile, the real helmet was subject to safety standards set by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE), a nonprofit funded by the sporting goods industry. Problem was, NOCSAE's rules only covered adult helmets, not youth models, even though scientific evidence suggests that biological differences between adults and children make the latter uniquely vulnerable to brain injury.
"I would tell them, 'We're going to play with one helmet, and with the other, we're going to put it on your kids' heads and go do mini car crashes,'" Archie says. "Everyone just looked at me and didn't know what to say. It doesn't make sense."
Archie could end up changing that. Along with another mother, Jo Cornell, whose son also played Pop Warner, suffered behavior problems, took his own life, and was posthumously diagnosed with CTE, Archie is a named plaintiff on the new lawsuit, which argues that Pop Warner, NOCSAE, and USA Football (the sport's national youth governing body, funded by the NFL) irresponsibly exposed children to both brain damage and increased risk of such.
Beyond its specific legal arguments, the suit raises a larger question: Should society view and regulate youth tackle football and its equipment through a lens of child protection like novelty helmets, or continue to take the largely hands-off approach we traditionally have reserved for sports?
Filed in U.S. District Court in California by Los Angeles–based trial lawyer Tom Girardi—one of the real-life Erin Brockovich attorneys—the suit seeks to represent every current and former Pop Warner player since 1997 and contends that Pop Warner, NOCSAE, and USA Football failed to uphold their duties to provide for the safety and health of child athletes, some as young as five years old. It additionally asserts that all three organizations misled and deceived parents and children about youth football's brain damage risks.
* Pop Warner deceivingly advertised itself as a "safety-first organization in which children play for coaches trained in proper tackling techniques," including a "Heads Up" coaching program developed and promoted by USA Football and the NFL. Both USA Football and Pop Warner touted preliminary, non-peer-reviewed research showing that Heads Up reduced concussion and injury risk among youth players—even though that claim subsequently was found to be overstated and inflated.
* Pop Warner claimed that its volunteers and coaches were extensively trained, but in a deposition given by executive director Jon Butler in a separate brain injury case, he admitted that the national Pop Warner office does not check whether coaches receive such training, and that his organization does not employ personnel with "a medical background, athletic training background, or physical education background."
* Pop Warner failed to ensure that children were using the safest possible helmets, instead deferring to NOCASE, which as previously mentioned does not have a youth-specific helmet standard.
"If your kid is at the public pool during the summer, the lifeguard has to have appropriate training, because people can drown," Archie says. "It's a much higher standard than youth football. Frankly, a nail technician has more regulation to do fake nails."
Archie describes her son, Paul, as a sweet young man who loved his job as a Hollywood set caterer. She told the Los Angeles Times that she was somewhat surprised by his CTE diagnosis, given that he only played Pop Warner and a year of high school football. Given her knowledge of traumatic brain injury, however, she can look back and see how the disease—which, in his case, was in an early stage—was affecting his behavior and judgment.
Archie knows that litigation can't possibly make up for his absence, nor for the pain it has caused her family. Still, she hopes that a successful case can keep other families from going through the same thing, in part by holding Pop Warner, USA Football and NOCSAE accountable for what the lawsuit asserts are their ongoing failings to protect children, and in part by asking the rest of us to reconsider the way we think about safety and responsibility in youth football.
Historically, Americans have granted youth sports—even violent-collision sports—tremendous latitude. You can answer to Child Protective Services for letting your children walk alone in your neighborhood, but not for dropping them off at a boxing gym, or enrolling them in a MMA clinic, or allowing them to bash helmets on the line of scrimmage. The prevailing legal and cultural attitude is that sports can be dangerous, sure, but they're also good, and the benefits outweigh the risks—so let's not discourage or prevent participation through regulatory oversight or added costs. Last October, for example, an Illinois state judge dismissed a brain damage lawsuit brought by football players against the state's high school sports association, writing that "imposing broader liability on this defendant would certainly change the sport of football and potentially harm it or cause it to be abandoned."
In other words, making football organizers more responsible for the harm it can cause to minors could also make the sport too expensive and/or litigious to play.
However, increased understanding and awareness of brain trauma has begun to change this calculus. Marked by declining participation, an embarrassingly violent (if somewhat popular!) reality TV show, and growing public sentiment that children shouldn't be hitting each other in the head, youth football has drawn the attention of lawmakers. Members of Congress have proposed federal equipment oversight by the Consumer Products Safety Commission and Federal Trade Commission, while every state and the District of Columbia has passed youth sports concussion legislation that typically requires (a) basic concussion-recognition training for coaches and (b) that athletes suspected of suffering concussions be removed from play and not returned without medical clearance.
Nevertheless, Archie says, more can and should be done.
"California just moved [the legal age to purchase] cigarettes up to age 21," she says. "But you can be five years old, weight 45 pounds, get out of your car seat—a car seat that has to meet certain requirements by law—and go do mini car crashes in football with a phony helmet that isn't made for children. Really?"
Three years ago, Pop Warner became the first youth football organization to limit contact in practice, to a maximum of one-third of practice time. It also forbids full-speed, head-on blocking and tackling drills in which players line up more than three yards apart, and requires any player who suffers a potential head injury to be examined by a medical professional trained in concussions before returning to play.
Is that enough? The lawsuit filed by Archie and Cornell asks for a judicial order imposing additional measures: warning labels on all helmets disclosing the risk of exposure to CTE and other neurological damage and disease, and the development of an actual helmet safety standard by NOCSAE specifically for minors. Taken together, the new requirements would essentially force players, parents, and the youth football industry to further acknowledge two disquieting things: that the sport can be harmful to the brain the way boxing is harmful to the brain, even for its youngest participants, and that those same participants are uniquely at risk.
The last part is key, both to the Pop Warner case and to the bigger picture. Unlike, say, the class action concussion lawsuit brought by former NFL players against the league, Archie and Cornell's suit doesn't deal with the responsibilities of employers to grown men being paid to do a dangerous job. It deals with children. And society treats children differently.
Children can't smoke. Can't buy beer. Can't join the military. Can't even obtain a driver's license until they are age 16 or older in most states. All of these activities are deemed too risky for minors not only because they are potentially harmful, but also because we don't trust children to make sound, informed decisions about their own well-being. As the suit states, California law requires adults to exercise a greater degree of care when it comes to child safety, because children lack the capacity to "appreciate risks and avoid danger."
Back to youth football. The adults running organizations like USA Football and NOCSAE have that capacity. Are they exercising it in a reasonable, responsible manner? Are they focused on protecting children, or protecting a game? What happens if they can't do both—if there is no acceptable level of football-induced brain damage risk for minors—and society has to choose? The new Pop Warner suit has the potential to clarify those questions, but ultimately it won't be able to answer them. That's up to us, and how we feel about the difference between Archie's two helmets.
"I can remember in the 1970s, you would see kids piled in the back of a pickup truck, speeding down the highway," she says. "You would never see that today. We know better. But in youth sports, we are still driving 70 miles per hour with the kids in the back of the truck. We need to fix that. America loves sports, but we need to even the playing field and love kids just as much."


Made with a traditional leather saddle material, but with a modern styling and look, the Selle An-Atomica product range features second skin watershed leather. Waterproof, colourfast, and maintenance free, the Selle An-Atomica saddle doesnt need a rider break-in period.
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The Government Has Known Since 2003 That the Failed 'War on Terror' Could Cause an Attack Like the One in Manchester
There has been much controversy over Britain's decision to join the invasion of Iraq, but not enough about its role in overthrowing Gaddafi eight years later...British participation went well beyond airstrikes and training of Libyan rebels. Reports are emerging that it involved energising and facilitating the movements of known Salafi-jihadi British Libyans and Libyan exiles who wished to return to Libya to fight Gaddafi. In other words, the Islamic jihadi networks of the type to which Salman Abedi and his family belonged acted as useful proxies for the British state.
'Jupiter Ascending' Versus the Power Elite and the Rise of Automated AI Trolling Attacks, and More
The Smilers Among You
Ed Schultz and His Alleged Middle Class Heroes
A Quandary for the Left and Right
What a Century!
18 weeks 1 hour ago


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HomeNewsBisson calling for the creation of First Nation school boards with the...
Bisson calling for the creation of First Nation school boards with the Educational Amendment Act
Thursday, Jun. 9th, 2016
Timmins-James Bay MPP Gilles Bisson is calling for the creation of First Nation school boards across Ontario. Bisson is introducing a bill at Queen's Park today, which he says will essentially give First Nations' communities the choice to opt into the provincial school system. He says that is so they can benefit from the expertise the province provides and get the same level of funding that other kids get, which will help to create a level playing field.
As of right now, schools on reserves are run independently, and get about half the funding of the rest of schools in Ontario. The bill, called the Educational Amendment Act, has been in the works for about a year now. If it is passed, it will grant First Nation communities the authority to form regional school boards, as opposed to the single school model in place now. Those boards would be staffed and controlled by First Nation members, with Trustees elected from the band membership that make up each specific region.
Bisson says there have been some concerns about how this will affect Treaty Rights, but he says he has added an amendment to make sure those rights are protected. He says it gives a non-derogation clause that ensures First Nation Treaty Rights are not affected in any way.
Bisson says education on reserves leaves a lot to be desired right now, and this bill will give First Nation communities the option to choose if they want to be a part of the provincial school board system or not.


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Rick is a college fraternity pledge from Costa Verde, CA.
At a frathouse in Costa Verde, CA, Rick pledges a fraternity at his university. As part of pledging, he must complete a scavenger hunt with an assigned partner and meet the fraternity brothers in Mexico. Rick and his partner Derek happen upon Claire's Nissan Rogue--with the keys inside--at Costa Verde High School. They steal the car and use it to complete their scavenger hunt before driving to Mexico to meet the pledgemaster.
For other uses of Rick, see Rick (disambig).
This page was last modified on 22 October 2007, at 02:49.


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Journal: Ercole Spada Became a Legend at 23
Ercole Spada Became a Legend at 23
By Benjamin Shahrabani
Photography by Afshin Behnia and Amy Shore
Ercole Spada (1937-) is yet another automobile designer to come out of Italy, a country known for its great love of the arts and style. Still working today, Spada was born in Busto Arsizio, near Milano, the son of a textile factory engineer. The younger Spada grew up particularly enamored by cars, and spent much of his youth drawing them. After graduating high school, Spada enrolled at Milano's Instituto Technica Feltrinelli to study industrial engineering, and it was during this time that he realized that he might be able to combine his dual love of cars and engineering through a career at one of Italy's carrozzerias. After fulfilling his mandatory two-year military service obligation, Spada wrote three letters of application–to Abarth, Alfa, and another to Zagato–seeking employment. Zagato was intrigued, and Elio Zagato, the son of the firm's founder, Ugo, answered Spada's letter, hiring him after a short interview. Thus commenced Spada's design career, and not coincidentally a very fertile, and productive period in the Zagato firm's history.
Spada's first work for the company was on a variant of the Bristol 406S. A scant six were built, but Spada's contribution and work on the project gave his bosses at Zagato the confidence to turn him loose on his next assignment, the Aston Martin DB4 GTZ, also known as the Aston Martin DB4 GT Zagato, which was the next design by the still-young Spada. David Brown, Aston Martin's owner, wanted to have a top-flight contender in the GT category. Where possible, Spada removed non-essential elements, such as the bumpers. Steel components were switched out for even lighter ones made from aluminum. The wheelbase and body were also shortened. The net effect was that the then-twenty-three-year-old Spada took the DB4, already a good looking car, and transformed it into what many consider one of the marque's most beautiful and desirable examples. The DB4 GT Zagato debuted at the 1960 London Motor Show to an adoring reception.
The DB4 GT Zagato was only one of three Spada designs destined to captivate audiences that year. His OSCA 1600 GTZ concept car was displayed at the Torino Auto Show, while his Alfa Romeo Giulietta SZ debuted at the Geneva Motors Show that March. The SZ project would become an important one for Spada as it was his first design for Alfa Romeo, and would evntually lead to the Alfa 2600 SZ, the first car to feature the cut or "Kamm" tail as named after Swiss aerodynamicist Wunibald Kamm. Remembering the Kamm streamlining experiments of the 1930s, Spada realized that the tail was "…always smooth in one way or another" so the craftsmen at Zagato cut the tail as if they had a gigantic knife. The result was increased stability, and an increased top speed, and one that would become a calling card for many subsequent Spada designs.
For almost a decade, Spada developed designs for Zagato, including the Lancia Flavia and Fulvia Zagato, as well as the Lamborghini 3500 GTZ. In 1969 he built his own version of a Fiat 500 beach car (sometimes called a "Jolly") called the Zanzara. It didn't go into production, but did allow Spada to think of life outside Zagato. The Alfa Romeo Junior Zagato would be the last Spada-designed Zagato to see production before he left the firm. Spada would join Ford in 1970 to become chief designer at their Italian design house, Ghia. This led to the creation of the Ford GT70, which did not go into production, and a Ford Mustang concept, which did in 1980, although five years after Spada left the firm. From there, Spada had a short stint at Audi. It would be a very brief and a fairly unfruitful one as by 1976 he had moved on after being hired on by BMW as their chief stylist. During his tenure with BMW, Spada would create two important, and classic designs for the company, the BMW E32 7-series (1986–1994), and the BMW E34 5-series (1988–1996). Both designs are still remembered very fondly today, and contributed to BMW's success at the time.
In 1983 Spada left BMW, landing at the I.D.E.A Institute (standing for Institute of Development in Automotive Engineering) where he was responsible for a series of compact and luxury cars for Fiat–the Tipo (1988) which would be very important to the company's fortunes. It featured ingenious packaging that allowed an uncommonly cavernous cabin inside a very compact form, and one that would win the 1989 European Car of the Year award given out by prominent auto journalists. Other projects included work amongst the brands that comprise the Fiat conglomerate, such as the Fiat Tempra (1990), Alfa Romeo 155 (1992), and Lancia Delta (1993). Other non-Italian work included the Nissan Terrano SUV (1993) and Daihatsu Move subcompact (1995).
Spada returned to Zagato in 1992 and would create the Ferrari FZ93 (1993), based on Ferrari Testarossa 512 TR mechanicals, and the Osca Dromos (1998), a car Spada stated "most reflects his personality". Internal politics and bureaucracy, however, caused Spada's departure, this time to work with his designer son, Paulo. Together they created a new design house, Spadaconcept, and one where the elder Spada continues keeping busy at the ripe age of 77.
Images Sources: eurocarnews.com
Tags Car Designers/	DB4 GT Zagato/	Ercole Spada/	Giulietta SZ/	Italian
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I driving a Spada designed car too 🙂
Frank Goedhart
There is a beautiful book on Spada by a Belgian journalist: see Waft.be
Yoav Gilad
Check back on Friday…
Steffen Fischer
Yes! Spada is the best! I was waiting for this.


If anything, the survey most likely understates the problems. Despite efforts to reach former members, it left out many people who left the profession after facing discrimination or harassment, or who decided against becoming economists at all.
Ms. Cook said women, and particularly black women, had long felt that their ideas were being dismissed or that they weren't being given the same opportunities as their white male colleagues. But she said she and her peers often pushed those suspicions to the side.
Martha Bailey, a University of Michigan economist and a member of the A.E.A.'s executive committee, said she was one of them. She said the survey — and a broader reckoning within economics in recent years — had forced many women to confront the possible impact that sexism has had on them and their careers.