text:
Secondhand smoke in outdoor settings: smokers' consumption, non-smokers' perceptions, and attitudes towards smoke-free legislation in Spain
Xisca Sureda1,2,3,
Esteve Fernández1,2,3,4,
Jose M Martínez-Sánchez1,2,5,
Marcela Fu1,2,3,
María J López6,7,8,
Cristina Martínez1,2,4,9,
Esteve Saltó2,10,11
1Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
2Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
3Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
4Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals, Insitut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
5Biostatistic Unit, Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Satn Cugat del Valles, Spain
6Evaluation and Interventions Methods Service, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
7Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
8Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-IBB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
9Department of Nursing, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain
10Direcció General de Planificació i Recerca en Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Travessera de les Corts, Barcelona, Spain
11Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Correspondence to Dr Xisca Sureda; francisca.sureda{at}uah.es
Objective To describe where smokers smoke outdoors, where non-smokers are exposed outdoors to secondhand smoke (SHS), and attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor areas after the implementation of national smoke-free legislation.
Design This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2011 and March 2012 (n=1307 participants).
Setting Barcelona, Spain.
Participants Representative, random sample of the adult (≥16 years) population.
Primary and secondary outcomes Proportion of smoking and prevalence of exposure to SHS in the various settings according to type of enclosure. Percentages of support for outdoor smoke-free policies according to smoking status.
Results Smokers reported smoking outdoors most in bars and restaurants (54.8%), followed by outdoor places at work (46.8%). According to non-smokers, outdoor SHS exposure was highest at home (42.5%) and in bars and restaurants (33.5%). Among non-smoking adult students, 90% claimed exposure to SHS on university campuses. There was great support for banning smoking in the majority of outdoor areas, which was stronger among non-smokers than smokers. Over 70% of participants supported smoke-free playgrounds, school and high school courtyards, and the grounds of healthcare centres.
Conclusions Extending smoking bans to selected outdoor settings should be considered in further tobacco control interventions to protect non-smokers from SHS exposure and to establish a positive model for youth. The majority of public support for some outdoor smoke-free areas suggests that it is feasible to extend smoking bans to additional outdoor settings.
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007554
Strengths and limitations of this study
This study is the first to describe together tobacco consumption, secondhand smoke exposure, and attitudes towards smoke-free policies in a number of outdoor settings, thus providing an overall picture of these related aspects of tobacco control.
It included representative, random samples of the population of Barcelona (Spain).
It included information obtained after the implementation of Spanish comprehensive smoke-free legislation (Law 42/2010). It would have been of great interest to have data before that law, and also before and after previous legislation (Law 28/2010) to evaluate possible changes.
Smoke-free policies have been demonstrated to be an effective way to protect people from the adverse effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure.1 ,2 Such policies have been successfully implemented in indoor public places and workplaces in several countries during the last decade, in accordance with Article 8 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control as recommended by the WHO.3 Reported impacts of these smoke-free laws after their implementation include reductions in SHS exposure by 80–90% in high-exposure settings,4 reductions in respiratory symptoms,5 an immediate decrease in the incidence of heart attacks,6 an increase in the number of smokers who want to quit,7 the encouragement of smoke-free homes,8 and even a neutral or positive effect on business in the hospitality sector and elsewhere.9
However, smoke-free policies in indoor work places and public places may motivate smokers to relocate to outdoor settings.10 ,11 In recent years, several countries have extended smoke-free legislation to various outdoor settings, including healthcare centres, children's playgrounds, beaches, dining areas, sporting venues, public building entrances, transport settings, partly enclosed streets and university campuses.10 ,12 ,13
These policies are becoming popular and socially accepted, with public support increasing over time,14 but they are not free of criticism.15–17 Those who oppose outdoor smoke-free legislation claim that it is ethically unsustainable because it does not respect the principle of freedom and autonomy of individuals, and that there is insufficient evidence that SHS in these environments impacts health.15 ,16 Supporters of these policies argue that outdoor smoking bans reduce the visibility of smoking, that they are associated with denormalisation of smoking, that they establish a positive smoke-free model for youth, and that they reduce smoking opportunities and SHS exposure. Furthermore, smoking bans may be accompanied by environmental benefits such as reducing fire risk and pollution from butts.14 ,16–21
On 2 January 2011, Spain implemented a new smoke-free law (Law 42/2010), the first time in Europe22 that smoking was prohibited in some outdoor areas, including hospital premises, schools and high school courtyards, and children's playgrounds.23 In this context, the objectives of the present study were to describe: (1) the outdoor settings in which smokers smoke, (2) the outdoor settings in which non-smokers are exposed to SHS, and (3) the attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor policies after implementation of Law 42/2010.
Study design and selection of study participants
We conducted a cross-sectional study among the adult (≥16 years) population of Barcelona, Spain. A representative, random sample by age, sex and district was drawn from the official 2010 population census of Barcelona, a reliable source of population based information. The survey was conducted between June 2011 and March 2012, after implementation of national, comprehensive smoke-free legislation (on 2 January 2011). A detailed description of the methods has been provided elsewhere.24 In brief, we determined a sample size of 1560 people with standard procedures (α error of 5%, β error of 20%, and 20% losses for independent samples); our final sample included 1307 individuals. Sample size calculations were performed with GRANMO MS Windows V.5.2 (http://www.imim.es/media/upload/arxius/grmw52.zip).
We obtained data and addresses for Barcelona residents from the updated official city census (year 2010) provided by the Municipal Institute of Statistics of Barcelona. Individuals aged 16 years and older were eligible to participate in this study. A letter was mailed to eligible individuals to describe the purpose of the study and to inform them that they had been selected at random. The letter also indicated that the study required a visit from an interviewer that would administer the questionnaire and collect a saliva sample. The individuals were informed that they were free to decline participation, and that they could access more information about the study on a website, by telephone or by email; contact information was provided in the letter. Participants that could not be located after several attempts (at different times of day and different days of the week) and those that declined to participate in the study were replaced at random. Replacements were chosen from eligible individuals of the same sex, within a 5-year age group, and within the same district of residence. Substitutions accounted for 54.6% of the survey respondents.
Individuals that agreed to participate were interviewed at home by trained interviewers. Participants were asked to sign an informed consent form before proceeding with the face-to-face, computer-assisted interview. The questionnaire included information on sociodemographics, tobacco consumption, self-assessed exposure to SHS in various settings (at home, at work/educational venues, during leisure time, and in public and private transportation), and attitudes towards smoking restrictions. After completing the questionnaire, respondents were asked to provide a sample of saliva for cotinine analysis.
The Research and Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital approved the study protocols and the informed consent forms.
Smokers' tobacco consumption in outdoor settings
Smokers were defined as individuals that, at the time of the interview, reported that they smoke at least one cigarette per day (daily smokers), that they smoke occasionally (occasional smokers), or that had a salivary cotinine concentration >10 ng/mL.25
Settings where tobacco was consumed were determined with the same questions for home, work, bars/restaurants and discotheques/pubs. The question was, 'How many cigarettes (per day) do you normally smoke at (home/work/bars and restaurants/discotheques/pubs)?' Based on this question, we established four categories of settings where tobacco was consumed: (1) places with no consumption, which included subjects who reported smoking cigarettes neither indoors nor outdoors; (2) places with tobacco consumption only indoors, which included individuals who reported smoking one or more cigarettes indoors only; (3) places with tobacco consumption only outdoors, which included individuals who reported smoking one or more cigarettes outdoors only; and (4) places with tobacco consumption both indoors and outdoors, which included individuals who reported smoking one or more cigarettes both indoors and outdoors.
Non-smoker SHS exposure in outdoor settings
Non-smokers were defined as individuals who, at the time of the interview, reported that they did not smoke and had a salivary cotinine concentration ≤10 ng/mL.25 This group included individuals that had never smoked as well as former smokers.
Exposure to SHS was evaluated with different questions depending on the setting studied. We determined exposure at home, at work, at education venues (including the following places: classroom, corridor or hall, bar or cafeteria, study room, photocopying room, main building entrances (outdoors), and other outdoor locations on campus), during leisure time (including bars, restaurants, discotheques and pubs), on public transportation (including subway or tram, subway or tram station, train, train station, bus and bus station). Based on the responses regarding SHS exposure in those settings, we established four categories of SHS exposure for each setting: (1) non-exposed individuals, which included individuals with no exposure according to their answers; (2) individuals exposed only indoors, which included individuals who declared that they were only exposed in some of the indoor places; (3) individuals exposed only outdoors, which included individuals who reported that they were only exposed in some of the outdoor places; and (4) individuals exposed both indoors and outdoors, which included individuals who reported exposure in any of the indoor and outdoor places.
Public support for outdoor smoke-free policies
We included information about public support for outdoor smoke-free policies from smokers and non-smokers. Public support for outdoor smoke-free policies was determined using the question, 'To what extent do you agree or disagree with the prohibition of smoking in the following outdoor settings?' Five responses were possible (totally agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, totally disagree). We recorded information about outdoor locations in schools/high schools, university campuses, healthcare centres, public transportation, playgrounds, shopping centres, sport centres, and swimming pools and beaches. For the analysis, we derived a variable for each setting with three categories: (1) 'Agree', which included individuals who reported total agreement or agreement with implementing outdoor smoke-free legislation; (2) 'Neither agree nor disagree', which included subjects who described themselves as neither in favour nor against the prohibition of smoking outdoors; and (3) 'Disagree', which included individuals who disagreed or totally disagreed with implementing outdoor smoke-free legislation.
For smokers, we computed the proportion of smoking in the various settings according to type of enclosure. For non-smokers, we computed the prevalence of exposure to SHS in various settings and according to the type of enclosure. We also computed percentages of support for outdoor smoke-free policies according to smoking status. Analyses were stratified by sex, age (16–44, 45–64 and ≥65 years) and educational level (less than primary and primary school, secondary school, and university). The data were fitted with multivariate log-binomial models to assess the prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% CI of public support for outdoor smoke-free policies in various settings. The models were adjusted for smoking status, sex, age and educational level. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS V.17.0 and STATA V.12.0.
A total of 1307 participants were interviewed (615 male and 692 female); 947 participants were self-reported non-smokers (409 male and 538 female) and 360 were self-reported smokers (206 male and 154 female). Of the non-smokers, 19 had cotinine concentrations consistent with active smoking (>10 ng/mL) and thus were classified as smokers.25 Of self-reported non-smokers, 48 did not provide a saliva sample and in two cases the cotinine analysis was not possible (ie, insufficient sample); these cases were considered missing data.
Table 1 shows the proportion of smokers who reported smoking outdoors in various settings. Nearly 18% of smokers reported that they smoked at home in outdoor areas alone, while 18.1% smoked both indoors and outdoors. Forty-six per cent of smokers said that they only smoked outdoors while at work. Smoking participants smoked outdoors most often in bars and restaurants (54.8%), and outdoors in discotheques and pubs (34.6%).
Distribution of 379 smokers (≥16 years) according to where they smoke and type of enclosure; Barcelona, 2011–2012
At home, 42.5% of non-smokers reported SHS exposure only outdoors (18.8%) or both indoors and outdoors (23.7%). At work, SHS exposure in outdoor settings was self-reported by 15% of non-smokers; 83.7% of non-smokers claimed that they were not exposed to SHS in any setting during work. Most adult students interviewed were exposed to SHS in education venues outdoors only (70.2%) or both indoors and outdoors (20.2%). Non-smokers were exposed to SHS outdoors in bars and restaurants (33.5%) and outdoors in discotheques and pubs (14.4%). The rate of self-reported exposure outdoors on public transportation was 2.8% (table 2).
Secondhand smoke exposure among 878 non-smokers (≥16 years) according to the setting of exposure and the type of enclosure; Barcelona 2011–2012
Table 3 presents the percentages and adjusted PRs with the corresponding 95% CI of support of the smoking ban in various outdoor settings after implementation of the new Spanish smoke-free legislation. Overall, 80.8% of participants supported smoke-free playgrounds, 71.8% grounds of healthcare centres, 70.5% school and high school courtyards, 56.1% public transportation outdoors, 53.5% sport centres outdoors, 52.7% university campuses, 43.0% open swimming pools and beaches, and 38.4% outdoor areas in shopping centres. The respective proportions of non-smokers who supported outdoor smoking bans were higher than these overall figures, but the respective proportions of agreement among smokers were 15–30 percentage points lower (table 3); these differences were statistically significant after controlling for sex, age and educational level. Similar patterns were observed for men and women in terms of the agreement on outdoor smoke-free policies. There was no specific pattern according to age and educational level.
Agreement with the smoking ban in various outdoor settings n=1307 participants) according to smoking status, sex, age and educational level; Barcelona 2011–2012
This is the first study to evaluate where smokers smoke outdoors, where non-smokers receive outdoor exposure to SHS, and attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor areas in Spain, and after the implementation of national, comprehensive smoke-free legislation.
Where smokers smoke and where non-smokers are exposed to SHS outdoors
Our results reveal that both consumption and self-reported SHS exposure were very low, if not absent, in indoor settings regulated by national, comprehensive smoke-free legislation. However, non-smokers reported SHS exposure in most outdoor settings in which smokers reported smoking. These results suggest the relocation described in early observational studies10 ,11 after implementation of smoke-free policies affecting indoor public places and workplaces.
In the present investigation, more smokers (49.2%) reported smoking in the outdoor areas of bars and restaurants. Accordingly, 33.5% of the non-smokers interviewed reported SHS exposure in those settings. In Spain, bars and restaurants were exempted from the smoking ban before Law 42/2010, and people could smoke indoors in some venues; the current smoke-free law prohibits smoking in those places with no exceptions. We cannot affirm that the prevalence of people smoking in those outdoor places have increased after the implementation of the smoking ban but, in a country like Spain, which has a popular culture of socialisation, it is understandable that smokers relocated to the outdoor areas of bars and restaurants. A recent study of the impact of the Spanish smoke-free law demonstrated that the presence of outdoor smoking may be reducing the effectiveness of the indoor smoking ban at protecting hospitality workers and patrons from SHS exposure.26 A previous investigation of outdoor smoking behaviour before and after implementation of France's national smoke-free law suggested that smokers relocated to outdoor environments based on an increase in reported smoking at hospitality venues, including both restaurants and cafés/pubs/bars.27
In the present study, self-reported exposure in outdoor areas at home constituted ∼40% of positive responses. Moreover, 84% of smokers reported smoking at home, and 35.9% of them smoked in outdoor areas. Although recent studies of the effects of stepped smoke-free legislation (Laws 28/2005 and 42/2010) in Spain observed significant relative reductions (15.1%24 and 43.1%28) in self-reported SHS exposure in the home, it is important to consider the results of the present investigation to focus new strategies on increasing the percentage of smoke-free homes.
Among non-smoking adult students, 90% reported SHS exposure on university campuses, higher than the 79.5% reported in a previous study of staff and students in an Australian university.29 These differences likely indicate a more advanced stage of denormalisation and tobacco control achievements in those countries, where, in turn, the prevalence of smoking is lower than in Spain. In the same study, respondents supported a smoke-free policy on campus, and 65.7% of respondents felt that the campus should be completely smoke-free. Another investigation of university students in Beirut, Lebanon indicated that after establishing a smoke-free campus, most students were satisfied with the extension of the ban, and some smokers reduced smoking or declared that the ban could help them to quit.30 In our study, 52.7% of respondents favoured smoke-free university campuses. Together with the high percentage of respondents exposed in this setting and the results of other studies, our investigation suggests the need to consider making university campuses smoke-free.
Attitudes towards outdoor smoke-free legislation
Our findings suggest that there is great support for outdoor smoke-free areas, support that is stronger among non-smokers than smokers. The highest support was for areas in which children are present (playgrounds and school/high school courtyards) and the grounds of healthcare centres. Moreover, more than half of the respondents supported smoke-free outdoor areas for public transportation (bus stops, stations), sport centres and university campuses. Less support was observed for smoke-free outdoor areas in shopping centres and swimming pools/beaches. A review of public attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor areas also found a majority support for restricting smoking in a variety of outdoor places that in general was higher for places in which children were present, ranging from 72% in a survey in Minnesota (USA) in 1998 to 91% in Californian (USA) and British surveys conducted in 2002 and 2007, respectively.14 A study conducted in Italy revealed that 64.6% of Italians supported smoke-free policies in public parks, 68.5% in sports stadiums, 62.1% in beaches, 79.9% in outdoor areas surrounding hospitals, and 85.9% (the strongest support) in school courtyards.31 In California,32 a survey conducted in 2002 uncovered 91% support for smoke-free policies for children's play yards, 63% for outside buildings entrances and outdoor restaurant dining patios, 40% for outdoor bars/clubs, and 52% for outdoor public places including parks, beaches and sport stadiums. This support increased in the survey conducted in California in 2005.33
When we evaluated our results according to smoking status, we observed that non-smokers reported stronger support for smoke-free outdoor areas than smokers. These differences were consistently observed for all outdoor settings considered. The largest gaps between smokers and non-smokers occurred in support for sport centres (32.0% for smokers vs 62.4% for non-smokers) and swimming pools/beaches (21.4% for smokers vs 51.6% for non-smokers). The smallest gaps were in public parks (69.9% for smokers vs 84.9% for non-smokers) followed by school/high school courtyards (56.6% for smokers vs 76.1% for non-smokers) and the grounds of healthcare centres (57.9% for smokers vs 77.8% for non-smokers). Stronger support among non-smokers than smokers for restricting smoking in outdoor areas is consistent across countries.14 ,31 However, more than half of the smokers interviewed here supported the restriction of smoking in outdoor areas where children are present (public park and school/high school courtyards) and the grounds of healthcare centres, as also reported in Italy31 and New Zealand.31 ,34
Policy and research implications
Outdoor smoke-free areas are not as common as indoor smoke-free areas. However, our study indicates that non-smokers reported SHS exposure in some outdoor settings, including outdoor areas at home, at education venues and during leisure time. A review of 18 studies of SHS levels in outdoor areas reported mean PM2.5 concentrations ranging from 8.32 to 124 µg/m3 at hospitality venues and from 4.60 to 17.80 µg/m3 in non-hospitality venues when smokers were present.35 Although there is some controversy about the adverse health effects of SHS exposure in outdoor settings, several recent studies have reported evidence of the effects of short-term exposure to tobacco smoke, such as eye irritation and respiratory irritation in non-smokers36 ,37 and even adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.38
The high percentage of non-smokers in the current investigation who reported SHS exposure at home and the percentage of smokers who reported smoking both indoors and outdoors at home highlight the need to develop health education interventions to implement voluntary smoke-free rules in those settings.8 Previous studies demonstrated that restrictions at home are more common when smokers live with other non-smoking adults and where children are present.39 In the current study, we were not able to determine whether the smokers who reported smoking at home lived with other non-smokers and/or children. Thus, promoting smoke-free homes should be a priority in our country, as an additional intervention for tobacco control, which is already done in other countries.9
The high percentage of non-smokers exposed to SHS in bars and restaurants is also of concern, as is our observation that more than half of the smokers reported smoking in those settings. A previous investigation of a sample of bars and restaurants in various European cities measured nicotine and particulate matter as SHS markers and detected significant SHS levels in outdoor areas, indicating a significant health risk for individuals exposed in those settings.40 It would have been interesting to describe the support for prohibiting smoking in bars and restaurants outdoors, but we did not collect that information in this survey. Surveys in California (USA)33 and New South Wales (Australia)41 reported 72% and 69%, respectively, support for smoke-free outdoor restaurant patios. Terraces and patios will surely be the focus of new smoke-free legislation.26
The strong support for some outdoor smoke-free areas should be considered by policy makers and tobacco-control researchers for future interventions. This support indicates an important process of denormalisation of smoking, and policy makers should consider it to be a determinant for reinforcing tobacco-control measures. The strongest support for smoke-free outdoor settings was obtained for children's playgrounds, the grounds of healthcare centres, and school/high school courtyards. Those places were included in the last Spanish smoke-free law (Law 42/2010). It would have been interesting to compare the current results with data gathered prior to the implementation of Law 42/2010 in order to evaluate whether support for smoke-free areas changed after its implementation. Although we did not have those data, other studies suggest that support for smoke-free bans increased after the adoption of legislation and over time.14 ,31
A potential limitation of the current study derives from the self-reported nature of the data obtained through questionnaires. This potential information bias was minimised by asking the participants for specific settings where they smoke and where they were exposed to SHS, and recording the participants' support for making specific outdoor places smoke-free on a five-point scale. This cross-sectional study included information obtained after the implementation of Spanish comprehensive smoke-free legislation (Law 42/2010). It would have been of great interest to have conducted a similar survey before that law, and also before and after previous legislation (Law 28/2010) to evaluate the effects of each law on tobacco consumption and SHS exposure in outdoor settings, as well as the changes in support for some smoke-free outdoor areas. Our previous survey (in 2004–2005, before Law 28/2005 was implemented) included information on smokers' consumption and SHS exposure in various settings.42 ,43 However, we did not enquire separately about tobacco consumption and SHS exposure indoors and outdoors, nor did we investigate attitudes towards smoke-free outdoor places, as we did in the present study. It would also have been of great interest to collect information on SHS exposure and tobacco consumption in the outdoor settings that were regulated by the new law as we did for indoor public places. Future surveys should include that information to better describe and monitor the compliance and the effectiveness of the smoke-free policies in reducing SHS exposure.
Our results show that the exposure of non-smokers to SHS mostly occurs in outdoor areas where smoking is allowed. The strong support for some smoke-free areas, including areas that are already smoke-free according to a national law, suggests the feasibility of extending smoking bans to several outdoor settings. Factors that influence support for smoke-free areas should be considered when deciding which policy interventions best promote the extension of smoking bans to outdoor settings. Awareness of the hazards of SHS exposure, the need to protect children and other non-smokers from this exposure, and/or establishing a positive model for youth should be on the agenda for interventions that favour the denormalisation of smoking and increased support for new smoke-free areas.
We would like to thank Montse Ferré and Lucía Baranda for coordinating the fieldwork in the second study. The authors would also like to thank the field workers for their collaboration.
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Weerasekera D,
Blakely T, et al
. What is behind smoker support for new smokefree areas? National survey data. BMC Public Health 2010;10:498. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-498
. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in open and semi-open settings: a systematic review. Environ Health Perspect 2013;121:766–73. doi:10.1289/ehp.1205806
Flouris AD,
Koutedakis Y
. Immediate and short-term consequences of secondhand smoke exposure on the respiratory system. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2011;17:110–15. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e328343165d
Junker MH,
Danuser B,
Monn C, et al
. Acute sensory responses of nonsmokers at very low environmental tobacco smoke concentrations in controlled laboratory settings. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:1045–52. doi:10.1289/ehp.011091045
Pope CA III.,
Eatough DJ,
Gold DR, et al
. Acute exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and heart rate variability. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:711–16. doi:10.1289/ehp.01109711
Borland R,
Yong HH,
Cummings KM, et al
. Determinants and consequences of smoke-free homes: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob Control 2006;15(Suppl 3):iii42–50. doi:10.1136/tc.2005.015008
Gorini G, et al
. Exposure to secondhand smoke in terraces and other outdoor areas of hospitality venues in eight European countries. PLoS One 2012;7:e42130. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042130
Paul C,
Paras L,
Walsh R, et al
. Tracking NSW community attitudes and practices in relation to tobacco: a biennial telephone survey. Centre for Health Research and Psycho-oncology, 2007.
Martinez-Sanchez JM, et al
. Salivary cotinine concentrations in daily smokers in Barcelona, Spain: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2009;9:320. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-320
. Assessment of exposure to secondhand smoke by questionnaire and salivary cotinine in the general population of Barcelona, Spain (2004–2005). Prev Med 2009;48:218–23. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.12.020
Contributors EF and XS designed the study to which all the authors contributed. XS, MF and CM collected the data. XS, JMM-S, MF and MJL prepared the database. XS and JMM-S analysed the data and MF, ES and EF revised the results. All the authors contributed to the interpretation of results. XS drafted the manuscript, which was critically revised by all authors, who also approved the final version. EF is the guarantor.
Funding This study was partly funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI020261, PI081436, RD06/0020/0089, and RD12/0036/0053) and the Department of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (grant 2009SGR192).
Ethics approval Research and Ethics Committee of Bellvitge University Hospital.
Data sharing statement No additional data are available.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/


So, this week's topic is "Injury." Sure this is coming out on a Friday.
Ice. Ice and elevation. Elevate that ice. That ice needs to be on the top!
2. Have you ever faked an injury to avoid something?
I don't think I have faked an injury as much as I have overinflated the effects of an injury. Straight up fakery? Nope. Exaggeration? Yes.
3. Does it hurt when I do this?
Almost always, so please stop doing that.
4. Show me on the doll where the bad man hurt you?
The bad man did not hurt me on the doll's surface. I cannot point to the doll's mind, now can I?
5. What is the worst injury you have ever had?
I sprained my medial collateral ligament on my left knee back in college. Later, on crutches, I re-aggravated my recently sprained left hand. There were a couple of months in college that were rough injury-wise.
6. Have your kids ever had any significant injuries?
No, I don't think so. I think it is only a matter of time for the girl though. She is really enjoying riding horses, which will result in some kind of injury eventually.
7. Have you ever injured someone else?
When I played soccer as a kid, I was adjacent to 2 guys who broke their arms by not landing correctly, and I broke one kid's leg.
8. Have you injured any animals?
Not that I know of, and that is a terrible question. I am not a monster.
9. So… have you ever be In Jury?
Nope. I have never had jury duty.
10. So "Injury" is derived from the root of the word for "justice" and "just" with the negation of that idea using the prefix "in." That root goes back to the Indo-European word "jus" meaning "right, or correct." "Jus" is also the French word for beef juice that you dip prime rib into. Would it be correct to say that "injury" is what you do with a French Dip sandwich?
Nope, and since I have had to be gluten free, I have not had a French Dip sandwich (my favorite of all the sandwiches) and I miss them so. Gluten free bread just falls apart in au jus… in au jus and my tears.
11. How often do you injure your pride?
Well, you have to put yourself out there to actually do something worthy of misdoing bad enough that my pride could be injured. I mean… unless I find out that some read my blog and didn't like it. That would make my pride hurt… oh so much.
12. Have you ever broken any bones?
3 toes and my left arm. Not at the same time. The toes when I was playing soccer as a kid and the arm a few years back on vacation.
13. Do you know what happens if you Google "injury questions" without using some kind of incognito mode? You get a bunch of personal injury lawyers ads popping up all over the place in your social medias. Did you know that? Did you?!?
14. What is the goto non-killing injury that Steven Seagal would always include in his 3 word titled movies: Hard to Kill, Above the Law, Out for Justice, Marked for Death, Cheese is Good, I Like Eggs, and Who's That Girl?
The inverted elbow. It has to be the inverted elbow.
15. Is an illness an injury?
Nope, Injury denotes some kind of impact to a physical system of the body. Illness denotes some kind of reaction to a foreign body such as a virus or germ.
16. Can someone else's illness injury you?
Yes, primarily an olfactory injury.
17. Have you ever injured yourself being ill?
Like crack a rib from vomiting too hard? Not that I remember. I have the aforementioned re-sprain of a hand due to crutches from another injury.
18. An injurious barb is only "likely" to cause mental or emotional harm. How likely for you?
Kind of likely, but I would never let you know. You would say, "Look at that tubby tubby 2x4 blogger over there with his dumb inability to publish on the day his blog is named after." and I would wave and smile like it ain't no thing. But I would cry myself to sleep, and potentially water down any au jus I could not use for a French Dip.
19. Is there an EDM group called N'Jur-E or something like that? Because there should be if there is not.
Not that I could find. Rapper or EDM would work.
20. I only got to 19 questions. I was hoping to round it out with 20 by today, but it looks as if I will stick on to 19.


You know what time it is? That's right, it's bacon time. I can tell, because I'm wearing a bacon watch. I showered this morning with bacon soap. I just mixed some pork belly with salt and brown sugar, in pursuit of some more homemade bacon.
And yet, bacon in most of our lives remains commodity. My neighborhood grocer carries just a few kinds, all variants on corporate bacon, anonymous, industrially-raised pigs, processed and packaged with low price as the primary goal. Meanwhile, the store carries more than 20 different types of honey, but you don't see blogs being written about bee secretion. Wendy's, maker of the infamous "Baconator," uses pre-cooked, microwave-warmed bacon for its signature sandwich. Bacos™ are vegan. Let me repeat that for you. Bacos™ are VEGAN.
Something is wrong, and my goal this week is two-fold: celebrate our favorite food, but also to expose the brighter side of pork, the small batch producer who cares as much (or more) for his animals and flavor as he does his bottom line. I'd like to call your attention to altruistic bacon. It exists, it's tasty, and it's worth seeking out. I hope you'll stay tuned.


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text:
Q: Как добавлять данные в QTableWidget и записать в БД sqlite3? Добавляю данные в таблицу, но при вводе новых данных на нового человека старые стираются, а новые появляются.
Как сделать так, чтобы данные добавлялись в ряд дальше?
Всю голову сломал уже в отчаянии, help
Вот код:
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
import sqlite3
import sys

conn = sqlite3.connect('todo.db')
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute('CREATE TABLE if not exists disp_list(disp_name text, disp_surname text, disp_date text)')
conn.commit()
conn.close()

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(960, 550)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.listWidget = QtWidgets.QListWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.listWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(610, 261, 341, 241))
        self.listWidget.setObjectName("listWidget")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(610, 180, 331, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setWordWrap(True)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 40, 311, 41))
        self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
        self.lineEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(340, 40, 311, 41))
        self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName("lineEdit_2")
        self.lineEdit_3 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(690, 40, 251, 41))
        self.lineEdit_3.setObjectName("lineEdit_3")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget, clicked=lambda: self.add_disp())
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 100, 221, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Times New Roman")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(270, 100, 221, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Times New Roman")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_3.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
        self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(720, 100, 221, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Times New Roman")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_4.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")
        self.tableWidget = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.tableWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 200, 591, 301))
        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(130)
        self.tableWidget.setObjectName("tableWidget")
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(3)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(18)
        item.setFont(font)
        self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(0, item)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(0, item)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(1, item)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(2, item)
        self.tableWidget.horizontalHeader().setDefaultSectionSize(180)
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 10, 291, 16))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label_2.setFont(font)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(350, 10, 291, 16))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label_3.setFont(font)
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(690, 10, 251, 20))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(16)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label_4.setFont(font)
        self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
        self.pushButton_5 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(510, 100, 191, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Times New Roman")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_5.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_5.setObjectName("pushButton_5")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 960, 21))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def add_disp(self):
        name = self.lineEdit.text()
        surname = self.lineEdit_2.text()
        date = self.lineEdit_3.text()
        disps=[{"disp_name": name, "disp_surname": surname, "disp_date":  date}]
        for person in disps:
            row = 1
            self.tableWidget.setItem(row, 0, QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem(person["disp_name"]))
            self.tableWidget.setItem(row, 1, QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem(person["disp_surname"]))
            self.tableWidget.setItem(row, 2, QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem(person["disp_date"]))
        name = self.lineEdit.setText("")
        surname = self.lineEdit_2.setText("")
        date = self.lineEdit_3.setText("")

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Список диспетчеров, у которых заканчивается срок"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Add ATC"))
        self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Delete from table"))
        self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Delete from database"))
        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(0)
        item.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Name"))
        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(1)
        item.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Surname"))
        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(2)
        item.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Issue_date"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Enter name"))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Enter surname"))
        self.label_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Enter date"))
        self.pushButton_5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Save to database"))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

A: НИКОГДА НЕ ИЗМЕНЯЙТЕ код, сгенерированный Qt Designer, НИКОГДА.
Создайте другой класс, который наследуется от соответствующего виджета, и используйте созданный класс для его заполнения.

Qt SQL — это важный модуль, обеспечивающий поддержку баз данных SQL.
Руководство по программированию на  SQL Programming содержит информацию о разработке с использованием Qt SQL.
Обратите внимание, что я заменил виджет QTableWidget на QTableView
Класс QTableView предоставляет реализацию model/view
по умолчанию для табличного представления.
Обратите внимание, что я добавил свой диалог для ввода данных.
Я также немного прокомментировал код для вас, попробуйте.
import sys
#import sqlite3
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtSql import QSqlDatabase, QSqlQuery, QSqlTableModel, QSqlQueryModel # +++
from PyQt5.Qt import *

# !!!
''' я предполагаю что todo.db у вас уже создана                                 # !!!
conn = sqlite3.connect('todo.db')
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute('CREATE TABLE if not exists disp_list(
    disp_name text, disp_surname text, disp_date text)')
conn.commit()
conn.close()
'''

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(960, 550)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")

        self.listWidget = QtWidgets.QListWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.listWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(610, 261, 341, 241))
        self.listWidget.setObjectName("listWidget")

        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(610, 180, 331, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setWordWrap(True)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 40, 311, 41))
        self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
        self.lineEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(340, 40, 311, 41))
        self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName("lineEdit_2")
        self.lineEdit_3 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.centralwidget)
        self.lineEdit_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(690, 40, 251, 41))
        self.lineEdit_3.setObjectName("lineEdit_3")

#        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget, clicked=lambda: self.add_disp())
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 100, 221, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Times New Roman")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.pushButton_3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(270, 100, 221, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Times New Roman")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_3.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_3.setObjectName("pushButton_3")
        self.pushButton_4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(720, 100, 221, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Times New Roman")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_4.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_4.setObjectName("pushButton_4")

#        self.tableWidget = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.tableWidget = QtWidgets.QTableView(self.centralwidget)

        self.tableWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 200, 591, 301))
#        self.tableWidget.setRowCount(130)
        self.tableWidget.setObjectName("tableWidget")
#        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(3)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setPointSize(18)
        item.setFont(font)

#        self.tableWidget.setVerticalHeaderItem(0, item)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
#        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(0, item)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
#        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(1, item)
        item = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
#        self.tableWidget.setHorizontalHeaderItem(2, item)
        self.tableWidget.horizontalHeader().setDefaultSectionSize(180)
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 10, 291, 16))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label_2.setFont(font)
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(350, 10, 291, 16))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label_3.setFont(font)
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(690, 10, 251, 20))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial Black")
        font.setPointSize(16)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label_4.setFont(font)
        self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
        self.pushButton_5 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(510, 100, 191, 71))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Times New Roman")
        font.setPointSize(14)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.pushButton_5.setFont(font)
        self.pushButton_5.setObjectName("pushButton_5")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 960, 21))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Список диспетчеров, у которых заканчивается срок"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Add ATC"))
        self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Delete from table"))
        self.pushButton_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Delete from database"))
#        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(0)
#        item.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Name"))
#        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(1)
#        item.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Surname"))
#        item = self.tableWidget.horizontalHeaderItem(2)
#        item.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Issue_date"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Enter name"))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Enter surname"))
        self.label_4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Enter date"))
        self.pushButton_5.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Save to database"))

class Dialog(QDialog):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle('Input Dialog')

        self.line_edit_name = QLineEdit()
        self.line_edit_surname = QLineEdit()
        self.line_edit_date = QLineEdit()

        form_layout = QFormLayout()
        form_layout.addRow('Name:', self.line_edit_name)
        form_layout.addRow('Surname:', self.line_edit_surname)
        form_layout.addRow('Date:', self.line_edit_date)

        button_box = QDialogButtonBox(QDialogButtonBox.Ok | QDialogButtonBox.Cancel)
        button_box.accepted.connect(self.accept)
        button_box.rejected.connect(self.reject)

        main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
        main_layout.addLayout(form_layout)
        main_layout.addWidget(button_box)
        self.setLayout(main_layout)

class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.setupUi(self)

        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.add_disp)

        # 1. Создайте соединение с базой данных, вызвав метод addDatabase() класса QSqlDatabase.
        #    Так как вы хотите соединиться с базой данных SQLite, параметры QSQLITE передаются здесь.
        db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QSQLITE')

        # 2. Вызовите setDatabaseName(), чтобы установить имя базы данных, которое будет использоваться.
        #    Вам нужно только написать путь, а имя файла заканчивается на .db
        #   (если база данных уже существует, используйте базу данных; если она не существует,
        #    будет создана новая);
        db.setDatabaseName('todo.db')

        # 3. Вызовите метод open(), чтобы открыть базу данных.
        #    Если открытие прошло успешно, оно вернет True, а в случае неудачи - False.
        db.open()

        # Создайте модель QSqlTableModel и вызовите setTable(),
        # чтобы выбрать таблицу данных для обработки.
        self.model = QSqlTableModel(self)
        self.model.setTable("disp_list")           # !!! тавлица в db

        # вызовите метод select(), чтобы выбрать все данные в таблице, и соответствующее
        # представление также отобразит все данные;
        self.model.select()
        self.tableWidget.setModel(self.model)

    def add_disp(self):
        inputDialog = Dialog()
        rez = inputDialog.exec()
        if not rez:
            msg = QMessageBox.information(self, 'Внимание', 'Диалог сброшен.')
            return
        name = inputDialog.line_edit_name.text()
        surname = inputDialog.line_edit_surname.text()
        date = inputDialog.line_edit_date.text()
        if not name or not surname or not date:
            msg = QMessageBox.information(self, 'Внимание', 'Заполните пожалуйста все поля.')
            return

        r = self.model.record()
        r.setValue("disp_name", name)
        r.setValue("disp_surname", surname)
        r.setValue("disp_date", date)
        self.model.insertRecord(-1, r)
        self.model.select()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home/POLITICS/Shiv Sena Leader Sanjay Raut Criticized Mamata Banerjee Over Attack On Amit Shah Roadshow
Shiv Sena Leader Sanjay Raut Criticized Mamata Banerjee Over Attack On Amit Shah Roadshow
TPI Staff May 15, 2019
Mumbai: Criticizing TMC chief Mamta Banerjee, Shiv Sena leader Sanjay Raut said that it is unfortunate "opposing the attack on the BJP president Amit Shah's roadshow for the country's democracy.
"West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee did not want Narendra Modi and Amit Shah in Bengal. Has anyone stopped Mamta from coming to Gujarat?" Raut asked.
He said that it is unfortunate that the statue of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, a prominent philosopher and chief of Bengal Renaissance, was polluted.
Responding to the remarks of the NCP chief Sharad Pawar that the government of the minority led by Modi will not last long, like the Vajpayee government in 1996, Rout said that many speculations till 23 May (when the results of the Lok Sabha will be announced) Will be there.
The Shiv Sena leader said, "I think the NDA will continue to rule. In the past, many minority coalition governments had fulfilled their conditions. This time, this will also go through."
Due to drought in the state, Rout said that Shiv Sena has started relief work in 18 districts.
He said, "We are helping in the fodder camps, providing water tankers to the needy people. Even if Uddhav Thackeray is out of the country, but he is taking daily information about the state of drought."
Amit Shah BJP Mamta Banerjee NArendra Modi Sanjay Raut Shiv Sena TMC
What's Source Of Assets Worth Crores Of 'Naamdar' And Bihar's Corrupt Family, Asks PM Modi
"No One Is Closer To Hardik Pandya Form In Indian Team," Virender Sehwag

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Big Moon unveil new track 'This Love'
Their new album 'Here Is Everything' is out next week
by Chris Bound: October 3, 2022
With their eagerly-awaited new album landing later next week, The Big Moon have now dropped the next cut to be lifted from their forthcoming full-length.
The new single 'This Love' follows on from the previously shared tracks 'Trouble' and 'Wide Eyes' in previewing their new LP 'Here Is Everything', which is out on the 14th October via Fiction Records.
Speaking about the new offering, the band's Juliette Jackson said, "I was shocked by the new depths of love you can find for your baby. And the love you can feel for a partner who selflessly helps you through the darkest and strangest times of your life. Someone who will literally hold a pot for you to piss in after a caesarean section."
Have a listen to 'This Love' in the player below.
Little Simz announces new album 'NO THANK YOU'
Having already swept the Mercury Prize and MOBO awards for her latest LP 'Sometimes I Might Be Introvert', Little Simz has now announced her plans... 1 month 3 weeks ago
Stella Rose unveils new single 'Angel'
Following on from the release of her highly-praised debut single 'Muddled Man' in recent months, Stella Rose returns once again with a brand new... 1 month 3 weeks ago
Samia delivers new singles 'Pink Balloon' and 'Sea Lions'
With her highly-anticipated new album landing later next month, Samia has now delivered a pair of new cuts lifted from her forthcoming full-length... 1 month 3 weeks ago
Caroline Polachek announces new album 'Desire, I Want To Turn Into You'
Following on from the release of her highly-praised 2019 debut LP 'Pang', Caroline Polachek has now announced her plans for a new studio album,... 1 month 3 weeks ago
Superorganism share new track 'Woofin' & Meowin''
Following on from the release of their stunning sophomore album 'World Wide Pop' earlier this year, Superorganism have now returned to deliver a... 1 month 3 weeks ago
Ellen Krauss unveils new single 'This Time Of Year'
After treating us to a flurry of vibrant efforts since her platinum selling debut LP 'Pearl', Ellen Krauss caps off her 2022 with a rousing new... 1 month 3 weeks ago
We Are Scientists share new single 'Lucky Just To Be Here'
With their highly-anticipated new album set to arrive later next month, We Are Scientists have now dropped the next cut to be lifted from their... 1 month 4 weeks ago
Divorce unveil new single 'That Hill'
With their highly-anticipated debut EP less than a day away, Divorce have now dropped the final cut to be lifted from their forthcoming collection... 1 month 4 weeks ago
Wallice returns with new single 'Japan'
Following on from the release of her highly-praised '90s American Superstar' EP earlier this year, Wallice has now returned to share a brand new... 1 month 4 weeks ago


text:
Herding Stats – Week Two
By TheFFGhost
There's a saying, "90% of all statistics are made up". It's a funny quote and always gets a smirk from whoever you say it to. In this series, we'll take a look at the other 10% of statistics, those cold hard numbers that make this great game of fantasy football possible. We'll take a look at what these statistics meant for the game and what they could mean for this week's contest or even the rest of the season. Undoubtedly there will be some statistics I share with you that you've heard before, others you'll be able to share with your friends, enemies or league-mates (none of which are mutually exclusive from one another I might add) and look like the smartest owner around.
This week we are going to take a different approach to this article. We are going to focus on one player per position whose statistics thus far this season point to an interesting match-up this week. The case for a favorable matchup this week will be laid out by examining the statistics the player has posted as well as how those statistics should help them in their upcoming matchup. Part of each examination will also highlight unfavorable statistics compiled by each players' opponent in an effort to further establish the case for a favorable matchup. Whenever possible we will also examine emerging trends our readers can plan accordingly.
Quarterback – Eli Manning
Eli has had the second most difficult schedule thus far and has thrown for the most yards in the league. Carolina meanwhile has had the hardest schedule thus far and has given up 294 passing yards per game (11th highest in the league). Eli's average yards per game is 391. That being said Russell Wilson hung 300 yards on Carolina (125 yards more than his 2012 average) and rookie EJ Manuel pinned another 287 on them. Carolina has only intercepted one pass thus far this season while Eli has thrown a league high seven. Additionally Carolina has the ninth most completions against them despite being smack in the middle in terms of passes attempted against them, which leads to a league high 72.2% completion percentage for opposing quarterbacks. This has also contributed to the fifth highest net yards per reception against Carolina. Finally, Carolina's starting free safety Charles Godfrey has been lost for the year with a torn Achilles' tendon. When taken all together this game screams a must start for Eli.
Running Back – Marshawn Lynch
After an amazing performance in Week Two, Marshawn Lynch is in a position to build upon that performance in a big way. This week Lynch and the Seattle Seahawks will face one of the worst rush defenses in the league thus far, the Jacksonville Jaguars. Jacksonville opponents have gained the second most yards in the NFL against the Jaguars while gaining the most yards per attempt (5.7 yards) in the NFL. Meanwhile, the Jaguars have also given up the eighth most receiving yards to running backs as well adding an extra cherry on top for Lynch owners.
Wide Receiver – Calvin Johnson
Instead of going the obvious route here with a Manning to Cruz connections (which I love by the way), I'd like to highlight a second matchup, Calvin Johnson versus the Redskins. It goes without saying that Calvin Johnson is a must start, any game, every game. However, he has a particularly tasty matchup this week against the Redskins. The Redskins have the second worst performance against wide receivers through two weeks. This is a holdover from last season when the Redskins were the third worst team in the NFL when defending wide receivers. Through the first two games of the season the Redskins have given up a jaw dropping average of nine receptions for 141 yards and a touchdown to the number one receivers they've faced. This is substantially higher than Johnson's average through two games of five receptions for 77 yards and a touchdown which has placed him at 11th of all NFL wide receivers. Provided that the yards per catch holds up on both ends of the equation, which is roughly around 15.5 yards per reception and splitting the completion rate and targets down the middle you come up with a performance of around six receptions for 97 yards and a touchdown. I actually think Johnson will do even better than this extrapolated stat line but even if he falls right in line with this line it will be a solid performance. However, as I said earlier, there is never going to be a time you don't start Johnson anyways but it is nice to have some numbers to make you sleep better at night.
Tight End – Owen Daniels
When it comes to tight ends the prime matchup this week is Owen Daniels versus the Ravens. Daniels is the fourth highest scoring fantasy tight end coming into week three with seven receptions for 91 yards and three touchdowns. When you factor in the possibility that Andre Johnson may miss the game with a concussion and suddenly the match-up seems even more tasty. On the flip side of the matchup, the Ravens have given up the second most fantasy points to tight ends of all the teams in the NFL. The Ravens' opponents have exploited that defense for an average of five receptions for 103 yards and a touchdown in each of their first two games. Tight ends have a completion percentage of 71.4% against the Ravens while Daniels has caught 58.3% of the passes thrown to him over the first two games so the very real possibility exists that Daniels would outperform his average performance of four receptions per game for 46 yards.
Defensive Team – Seattle Seahawks
I don't really want to double up on the games I focus on but in this case I'll make an exception when it comes to the perfect defense to play. Just as Marshawn Lynch should be racking up the points against the Jacksonville defense, the Seattle defense should be completely shutting down the Jacksonville offense. I realize this may sound fairly obvious but let me lay out why this is looking to be a miserable contest and a potential point goldmine for Seattle defense owners. First, let's take a look at the number of points scored on offense by Jacksonville and the number of points allowed by Seattle. In this instance there couldn't be two more mismatched teams. The Jacksonville offense has only scored 11 points in two games (32nd worst in the NFL). Meanwhile, the Seattle defense has only allowed 10 points in that same span (1st in the NFL). Seattle has allowed an average of 230 yards per game this season (1st in the NFL) while Jacksonville has only mustered 213 yards per game (32nd worst in the NFL). To further drive home the point, Jacksonville only gains 5.0 yards per passing attempt (32nd worst in the NFL) while Seattle only allows 4.9 yards per pass attempt (1st in the NFL). So not only should this matchup be a disaster for Jacksonville, it stands to reason that Seattle may even be able to improve upon their league leading numbers!
I want to stress that setting your rosters based upon the trends revealing themselves after only two games isn't the wisest decision one can make. That being said, the statistics outlined in this article do present some intriguing trends to keep an eye on and might be useful in trying to make a decision between two players with equal skills and match ups.
Last week didn't provide a whole lot to really examine as there were no trends really examine after just one week. Now that we have more than one week in the books we can start to at least make some very low level assessments. As more weeks are completed this series will hopefully be able to highlight solid trends as well as suggest players who fantasy owners should watch, start or obtain. As always please feel free to suggest ideas you'd like to see incorporated. As you can see I'm very responsive to such requests. Based on the feedback last week I think together we can really get into some interesting territory this season!
Be sure to follow the Ghost on Twitter @TheFFGhost
Sign me up for the DLF Newsletter!


text:
Ana Paula González
2015 Ricardo Salinas Scholar, Ricardo Salinas Scholarship
Ana Paula González (Mexico) is the Business Strategy Director at New Ventures, where she leads sourcing for the investment fund and acceleration programs, oversees acceleration and investment portfolio technical assistance programs, and is building the…
Ana Paula González (Mexico) is the Business Strategy Director at New Ventures, where she leads sourcing for the investment fund and acceleration programs, oversees acceleration and investment portfolio technical assistance programs, and is building the company's business intelligence unit. Prior to New Ventures, Ms. González was a consultant at the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) in Mexico City, where she worked in private equity, consumer goods and financial services industries, supporting clients on topics such as: investment strategies, IPOs, market entry and go-to-market strategies, and organizational restructuring. Ms. González holds an MBA with honors from Columbia Business School, where she obtained the "Nathan Gantcher Prize for Social Enterprise," and obtained an undergraduate degree in Business with honors from Tec de Monterrey campus Guadalajara. New Ventures' mission is to catalyze social and environmental companies. It seeks to spearhead the next generation of innovative enterprises that, in addition to being profitable, are solving the world's most pressing social and environmental challenges. New Ventures has become the leading platform that catalyzes these entrepreneurs and strengthens the ecosystem that supports them through three main areas: financing, acceleration and promotion. New Ventures seek to be the inflection point of models that solve social and environmental challenges, are profitable, are innovative, have great potential to scale and are led by committed and capable teams. (Attended Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs)


text:
package com.kansche.service;

import com.kansche.entity.T01YearlyAim;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Generated;

import static com.kansche.entity.T01YearlyAimNames.*;
import static org.seasar.extension.jdbc.operation.Operations.*;

/**
 * {@link T01YearlyAim}のサービスクラスです。
 *
 */
@Generated(value = {"S2JDBC-Gen 2.4.45", "org.seasar.extension.jdbc.gen.internal.model.ServiceModelFactoryImpl"}, date = "2012/12/22 19:35:39")
public class T01YearlyAimService extends AbstractService<T01YearlyAim> {

    /**
     * 識別子でエンティティを検索します。
     *
     * @param userId
     *            識別子
     * @param year
     *            識別子
     * @return エンティティ
     */
    public T01YearlyAim findById(Integer userId, String year) {
        return select().id(userId, year).getSingleResult();
    }

    /**
     * 識別子の昇順ですべてのエンティティを検索します。
     *
     * @return エンティティのリスト
     */
    public List<T01YearlyAim> findAllOrderById() {
        return select().orderBy(asc(userId()), asc(year())).getResultList();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hernán Rustein (right) at the Vatican, where he sang in 2014. (Fotografia Felici)
Latin America's rising 'passion' for Reform Judaism coming to Bay Area this Shabbat
By Maya Mirsky | December 3, 2019
Argentine cantor and rabbinical student Hernán Rustein feels as if he is making history.
"It's very exciting," he said. "We're doing it out of passion. Passion is the word."
The 31-year-old Rustein is part of the first cohort to study at a new rabbinical school that aims to support the Reform movement in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries around the world. He's going to speak about the project, along with Roberto Graetz, rabbi emeritus at Temple Isaiah in Lafayette, as part of a Shabbat service and dinner Dec. 6 at Congregation Beth Am in Los Altos Hills.
The Ibero American Institute for Reform Rabbinical Education was set up by the World Union for Progressive Judaism's Latin American branch in 2017 to meet a need for Reform clergy in Central and South America, where the Reform movement is gaining steam but isn't as big as in the United States.
"There is a great demand for growth," said Graetz, who spent a quarter century at Temple Isaiah, but who is, like Rustein, a native of Argentina. "And we just don't have the people."
Graetz was instrumental in setting up the institute, which functions mainly online. He said the institute reflects a growing interest in Reform Judaism in Latin America — a movement that is still in early days. For comparison, he said, "Look at where American Judaism was 30, 40 years ago."
Rustein is currently cantor as well as CEO of the historic Templo Libertad in Buenos Aires, which has both traditional and egalitarian worship services. He said Reform Judaism is becoming more attractive based on its inclusiveness to interfaith families, LGBTQ Jews and people who wouldn't be considered Jews because they were not born of a Jewish mother.
Templo Libertad, a synagogue in Buenos Aires that holds both traditional and egalitarian services. (Wikimedia/En.planicie CC BY-SA 3.0)
"The Reform movement comes to say, 'Hey, you're OK,'" he said. "'Your Judaism is OK.'"
Rustein said Reform Judaism offers people a Jewish home that they may not otherwise find and it's important to have local clergy who promote that.
"That's our message," he said. "That's what we want to bring to the table. That's what we want to give as an option to people."
The institute, now in its second school year, is a six-year program that is primarily conducted online, although students do meet in person a few times each year. Currently there are 19 students from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Spain. Graetz said that before this, in Argentina, rabbis were trained in the non-pluralistic Conservative seminario. That's where Rustein started his own training. But it didn't feel like the right fit.
"We were asked to be halachic, and perhaps we didn't really feel that was our option," he said.
Rustein felt this in his own life. He got married this year and his wife is not Jewish.
"It was not possible for a rabbinical student to do this two years ago," he said.
But training to be a Reform rabbi has given him a place to learn in an environment that feels right. And it's creating that rightness for others that motivates him, especially when he thinks of the times he's participated in rituals and ceremonies for trans people, adopted children, gay couples and others who don't feel at home in Conservative or Orthodox traditions.
"That creates a space of feeling … what's the word? Proud," Rustein said. "Proud of what we're doing."
"World Union Shabbat"
6.15 p.m. Dec. 6 with Rabbi Roberto Graetz and Hernán Rustein, followed by optional 7:30 p.m. dinner to benefit Ibero American Institute for Reform Rabbinical Education. At Congregation Beth Am, 26790 Arastradero Road, Los Altos Hills. $35-$40 for dinner; RSVP by Dec. 3.
Maya Mirsky
Maya Mirsky is a J. Staff Writer based in Oakland.
Tags: Congregation Beth Am, Reform Judaism, Latino Jews, Argentinian Jews
Temple Isaiah's Rabbi Graetz reflects on a quarter-century in East Bay
Next up for retiring Rabbi Judy Shanks? It's a mystery (maybe)
27 rabbis, 7 days, 1 Jewish state: Bay Area rabbis take pluralism to Israel
Temple Isaiah fetes co-rabbis Shanks and Graetz


Birthday party balloons are as important to the success of your celebration as birthday candles are to the cake. Why, whoever heard of high flying party ideas without plenty of bubble-icious balloons bobbing above the birthday action? BigDotOfHappiness.com's selection of comical helium quality Mylar balloons is outstanding and our assorted solid-colored latex balloons will round out your balloon bouquets beautifully. Blow up your skirt and knock your socks off with these extraordinary birthday party balloons.


Animal, Vegetable, Miracle will not rest on your bookshelves with Barbara Kingsolver's fiction; this book demands permanent residence in your kitchen. Filled with delicious, seasonal recipes and tips from growing to canning, this stellar book chronicles the Kingsolvers' move from Arizona to a family farm in Appalachia, VA, as well as their lifestyle shift from end users in a national food chain to central cogs in local food production. For a full year, they decided, they would eat locally and in-season; anything they couldn't grow or raise themselves was sourced from neighboring local farmers.
Kingsolver combines their personal story—the anxiety her family felt before they made the plunge to local-only, how her daughter longed for fruit that might not be in season—to big-picture commentary on food culture and the realities of industrial agriculture.
For the Kingsolvers, it's a family affair; though Barbara writes the majority of the book, all of the adults in the household take turns writing. Husband Steven Hopp, a college professor, writes about industrial agriculture politics and college-age daughter Camille contributes recipes and commentary. And you can't help but fall in love with the depiction of second-grader Lily as she launches her own egg business venture.
There have been several landmark books about our current food production—see past Grid classics such as Marion Nestle's Food Politics and Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma—but this is probably the warmest. Read this book and you'll not only rethink what you eat and where your food is from, you'll also be reminded that meals are daily opportunities to create with, and for, the people you cherish the most.