The OGAE Second Chance Contest is a visual event which was founded in 1987 and is organised by branches of OGAE, the international fan club of the Eurovision Song Contest. Four nations competed in the first contest which took place in 1987. The contest was previously a non-televised event, but evolved over the years by the usage of video tape and nowadays DVD and YouTube.
Each summer following the Eurovision Song Contest, each branch can enter one song that failed to win the country's national selection process for the annual Eurovision Song Contest. The members of each club choose amongst the songs that did not win and select one to represent the club in the event. Votes are cast by members of the OGAE clubs and are returned to the OGAE branch organising the particular year's event. Guest juries have been used to cast votes since 1993.
The contest began in 1987, when it was then known as "Europe's Favourite". Four OGAE branches competed in the first contest, coming from the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The contest quickly expanded and now contains over 20 countries competing each year. Due to the nature of some countries and national finals it is a common occurrence for countries to sporadically compete in the contest.
The contest takes place during the summer after the year's Eurovision Song Contest, held in every year. A video entry from each branch of OGAE is handed to each competing OGAE club. The votes are then returned to the organising OGAE branch, normally the previous year's winning branch, who then organises the final. The method of voting has developed since the contests interception, from audio-tape in the contest's beginnings to the use of video tape and nowadays by DVD and YouTube.
Previously it had been known for non-televised national final entries to compete in the Second Chance Contest. This occurred from 1989 to 1991 when Spain entered songs known to have been entered into the country's internal selection process. In 1990, 1991, 1998 and 1999 Italy competed in the Second Chance Contest, entering the winning songs of the Italian Sanremo Music Festival, known to be the basis for the creation of the Eurovision Song Contest. After 1999 a new rule was introduced allowing only songs from televised national finals to compete in the Second Chance Contest. This has led some branches ineligible to compete for many years due to no national final being held in the country. In 1993 guest juries have been used in the voting of the contest. These juries are composed of branches that are ineligible to compete in the contest due to no national final being held in their country.
OGAE Rest of the World represents countries that do not have an OGAE branch of their own. Their first participation came at the 2009 Contest, where they represented by Slovakia.
From 2003 it was decided to hold Retrospective Contests each year containing songs from contests prior to 1987. In 2003 the first contest was held, containing songs that failed to compete in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986. This format is repeated every year, for example in 2004 the 1985 Retrospective contest was held, and in 2005 the 1984 Retro contest was held etc. The latest contests to be held were the 1975 contest in 2014. The next will be the 1972 contest which is scheduled to take place in 2017.
The contests which are organised between members of international Eurovision Song Contest fan club OGAE to select a song which did not make it to the Eurovision Song Contest through their national finals, giving it a "second chance" opportunity to participate in a competition to determine the favourite entry. Participation in the Second Chance Contest requires competing branches to have had a televised national final held in their country for the year's Eurovision Song Contest. So far 37 countries have been represented at the contest at least once. These are listed here alongside the year in which they made their debut: Nine countries have won the contest over contest history. The most successful country in the contest has been Sweden, who have won the contest sixteen times in total, nearly half of the contests held. The Swedish band, Alcazar, who won in 2003 and again in 2005 is the only artist to win the contest more than once.
Arja Saijonmaa winner of the first edition of the OGAE Second Chance Contest in 1987.
Three contests took place in the 1980s, the first being in 1987 which was held in Huizen, the Netherlands, whilst the 1988 and 1989 contest both took place in Östersund, Sweden. The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1987, which was the first edition of the contest, saw four countries; the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom; took part in the first edition of the Second Chance Contests. Each country selected two songs to compete in the contest. this was the first and only time that each country submitted two songs to the contest (much in the same way as the 1956). The first ever winner of the contest was Sweden's Arja Saijonmaa with "Högt över havet", which originally came second in the Swedish national final, Melodifestivalen 1987. Norway's Kjersti Bergesen and Marcha from the Netherlands finished in joint second place.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1988, which was the second edition, saw ten countries participated, with Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, and Israel making their début. Each country submitted one song that failed to win their national selections for the Eurovision Song Contest 1988. The winner was again Sweden, with the song "Om igen" by Lena Philipsson, which came second in the Swedish national selection for Eurovision Melodifestivalen 1988. Second place went to débutante country Finland, while third place went to the Netherlands.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1989, which was the third edition saw nine countries competing in the contest, with Ireland and the Netherlands withdrawing from the contest and Spain making their début. As in 1988, each country had to submit one song that failed to represent them in the Eurovision Song Contest 1989. The winner was Lecia Jønsson from Denmark with the song "Landet Camelot", giving Denmark its first victory in the contest after it came second in the Danish national final Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1989. Runners-up were Lili & Susie for Sweden while Germany's Andreas Martin came third. Last place went to débutantes Spain, who only received 1 point from Finland.
Ten contests took place in the 1990s, held in eight cities located in four countries. Sweden hosted the contests in Östersund in 1990 and 1991; Örebro in 1995; and Farsta in 1996. Germany's cities of Montabaur, Hanover, and Hamburg played hosts in 1992, 1997, and 1998 respectively. Oslo, Norway hosted the 1993 and 1994 contest; whilst the Netherlands hosted the 1999 contest in Emmen.
Carola was the winner of the 1990 Second Chance Contest, before going on to win the Eurovision Song Contest the following year.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1990, was the fourth edition, and had fourteen countries competing in the contest. Austria, Cyprus, Italy and Portugal entering the contest for the first time. Ireland and the Netherlands returned after their absences the previous year, while Israel was the only country to withdraw due to an internal selection being made for Eurovision. OGAE Italy selected their winning song of the Italian Sanremo Music Festival. The contest was won once again by Sweden, represented by Carola with the song "Mitt i ett äventyr". Carola would go on to win the Eurovision Song Contest 1991 with "Fångad av en stormvind". Linda Martin, representing Ireland, would also go on to win at Eurovision, winning with "Why Me?" in 1992. Arja Saijonmaa who won for Sweden in the 1987 OGAE Second Chance Contest, returned to represent her native country Finland.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1991, was the fifth edition, seeing fifteen countries compete in the contest Switzerland and Yugoslavia made their débuts, with Yugoslavia making its one and only entry in the contest. Israel returned after their absence the previous year, while Cyprus withdrew due to no national final being held and the Netherlands were unable to compete due to withdrawing from the Eurovision Song Contest 1991. Sweden won the contest once again, for the fourth time, represented by Pernilla Wahlgren with the song "Tvillingsjäl". Greece's Lia Vissi came second, while Israel's Adam came third.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1992 was the sixth edition of the contest. Eleven countries participated in the contest, with Belgium entering the contest for the first time, while Cyprus and the Netherlands returned after their absences the previous year. However Austria, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and Yugoslavia all withdrew from the contest. Norway was the winner of the contest this year, represented by Wenche Myhre with "Du skal få din dag i morgen". Israel's Yaron Chadad came second while Ireland's Patricia Roe came third.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1993, was the seventh edition of the contest. Twenty-two countries took part in the contest, with Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Iceland, Malta, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Turkey making their début. In 1993, a pre-selection contest for the main Eurovision Song Contest called Kvalifikacija za Millstreet was held to limit the number of entries into the main Eurovision final - six of the seven countries competing in this Second Chance Contest, sending either their failed entries from the pre-selection, or sending another song from their national final. Alongside the large number of début countries, there were also a number of other changes in the line-up: Germany could not take part in the contest due to holding an internal selection to select their entry; as well as this Israel and Portugal returned after being absent last year. This year marked the first use of "Guest Juries" in the contest. These juries, coming from non-competing countries, were allowed to vote alongside the competing countries, allowing them to participate to some degree in the contest. The first guest juries came from France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg and Spain. The winner of the contest was Merethe Trøan with "Din egen stjerne", representing host country Norway. The Netherlands came second, represented by Ruth Jacott, and the United Kingdom came third with Sonia.
Gladys del Pilar winner of the 1994 Second Chance Contest.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1994 was the eighth edition of the contest. Sixteen countries competed in the contest with Russia entering the contest for the first time. Belgium, Denmark, Israel, Slovenia and Turkey all withdrew from the contest due to being relegated from the 1994; Slovakia and Switzerland was also absent from the contest due to no national finals being held in the country for that year's Eurovision. For the second time "Guest Juries" were used in the contest, allowing OGAE branches from countries who held no national final for Eurovision 1994 to compete in Second Chance. Sweden were the winners of the eighth time in the contest history, represented by singer Gladys del Pilar with "Det vackraste jag vet", a song composed by Michael Saxell with lyrics by Ingela Forsman. The runner-up position went to the United Kingdom's Frances Ruffelle, while third place was awarded to host country Norway and Madam Medusa.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1995 was the ninth edition of the contest. Nine countries competed in the contest, with Denmark, Israel, and Slovenia making their return. However a number of countries were forced to withdraw: Estonia, Finland, the Netherlands, and Romania were all forced to miss the contest due to being relegated from the Eurovision Song Contest 1995; Austria, Cyprus, Hungary, Iceland and Russia were also absent from the contest due to no national finals being held in the country for Eurovision. Furthermore, Malta did not take part although a national final was being held. Sweden were the winners, represented by singer Cecilia Vennersten with "Det vackraste ", a song composed by Peter & Nanne Grönvall with lyrics by Nanne Grönvall & Maria Rådsten. The runner-up position went to the United Kingdom's Deuce, while third place was awarded to Ireland and Naoimh Penston.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1996 was the tenth contest. Twenty-two countries competed in the contest, with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia making their début. Several countries returned to the contest too, but none of the participants from the 1995 edition, withdrew. Sweden were the winners of the 10th edition of Second Chance, represented by singer Lotta Engberg with "Juliette och Jonathan". The runner-up position went to the Croatia's Novi Fosili, while third place was awarded to Germany and Leon who did not qualify for the Eurovision Song Contest 1996 as the eventual German entry.
Anna Oxa winner of the 1997 Second Chance Contest.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1997 was the eleventh edition of the contest. Seventeen countries took part in the contest, organised by OGAE Germany. Six countries that took part in the OGAE Second Chance Contest 1996 withdrew for the Contest in 1997: Belgium, Finland, Israel, Macedonia and Romania all withdrew after being relegated from the Eurovision Song Contest 1997, and Russia was forced to withdraw after not holding televised national finals to select their entry for Eurovision 1997. Italy made its return to the contest for the first time since 1991. Italy were crowned the winners of the contest with the song "Storie" by Anna Oxa. This was Italy's first win in Second Chance Contest, and the first win for a non-Scandinavian country. Second place went to Darren Holden of Ireland, while third place went to girl group All About Angels from Germany. During the voting the seventeen competing entries were joined by five guest juries from Austria, France, Israel, Switzerland and Luxembourg.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1998 was the twelfth OGAE Second Chance Contest. Eighteen countries took part in the contest, organised by OGAE Germany in Hamburg, Germany. Four countries that took part in the 1997 edition withdrew from the contest: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Denmark withdrew after being relegated from the Eurovision Song Contest 1998, and Cyprus and Hungary were forced to withdraw after not holding televised national finals to select their entry for Eurovision 1998. The Netherlands were the winners of the contest with the song "Alsof je bij me bent" by Nurlaila. This was their first win in Second Chance, and the second win for a non-Scandinavian country. Second place went to Nanne Grönvall of Sweden, while third place went to Elisabeth Andreassen from Norway. During the voting the eighteen competing entries were joined by seven guest juries from Denmark, Austria, Cyprus, France, Spain, Luxembourg and Israel.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 1999 was the thirteenth edition of the OGAE Second Chance Contest Seventeen countries were originally going to participate in the contest. However, Malta were disqualified after their votes did not arrive on time. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus and Denmark all returned after missing the previous year's contest, and France made its Second Chance début. Estonia, Finland, Greece, Macedonia and Switzerland all withdrew from the contest. The winner's were Feryal Başel from Turkey with the song "Unuttuğumu Sandığım Anda". This marked the third year in a row that a non-Scandinavian country had won the contest. Second place went to Belgium's Petra and third place went to Corinna May of Germany, the original German entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 1999. The sixteen competing countries were joined in the voting by guest juries from Spain, Austria, Israel, Finland and Switzerland.
Anna Eriksson winner of the OGAE Second Chance Contest 2000.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2000 was the fourteenth OGAE Second Chance Contest, organised by OGAE Turkey after their win in 1999. Twenty-one countries took part in the 2000 contest, held in Istanbul. Latvia who made their début at the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 also followed suit by débuting in the Second Chance Contest, and seven countries made their returns to the contest: Estonia, Finland, Macedonia and Switzerland returned after a year's absence, Romania returned after last taking part in 1996, Iceland for the first time since 1994, and Spain for the first time since 1991. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Portugal and Slovenia were relegated from the 2000 Eurovision, making them ineligible to compete in the Second Chance Contest. Italy also withdrew after three entries were sent from 1997 to 1999. The twnety-one competing countries were joined in the voting by six guest juries from Austria, Israel, Luxembourg, Portugal, Italy and Greece. At the end of the voting Finland's Anna Eriksson was declared the winner with the song "Oot voimani mun", Finland's first (and so far only) victory in the contest. The United Kingdom came second with Catherine Porter and "Crazy", while Spain came third with "Sueño su boca" by Raúl.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2001 was the fifteenth edition of the OGAE Second Chance Contest. It was organised by OGAE Finland after their win the previous year. Twenty countries participated the contest, held in Helsinki in Finland. Lithuania made its début at the OGAE Second Chance Contest this year, and five countries - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Israel, Portugal and Slovenia - returned to the contest after returning from relegation from the Eurovision Song Contest and holding multi-singer national finals. However seven countries withdrew from the contest - Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Macedonia, Romania and Switzerland were all relegated from the 2001 Eurovision Song Contest, while France held an internal selection for the contest, making them ineligible for Second Chance. This made the host country unable to send an entry to the contest. The twenty competing entries were joined by twelve guest juries in the voting for the winner, coming from the withdrawing countries Macedonia, Finland, France, Cyprus, Belgium and Romania and international juries from Poland, New Zealand, Austria, Russia, Italy and Canada. At the end of the voting the winner was Sweden's Barbados with "Allt som jag ser", beating Spain's Sonia & Selena in second place, and the United Kingdom's Nanne into third place. This was the first male winner in OGAE Second Chance history, and the eighth win for Sweden.
David Bisbal winner of the OGAE Second Chance Contest 2002.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2002 was the sixteenth edition of the contest, and organised by OGAE Sweden following their win in 2001. Eighteen songs competed in the contest, held in Stockholm, Sweden Five countries returned to the contest after missing the previous year - Austria, Belgium, Finland, Macedonia and Romania all returned as competing countries. However five other countries could not compete after being relegated from competing in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 - Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal were all unable to compete. Two further countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Lithuania, were disqualified during the voting when their results were not received by the deadline. The eighteen competing entries were joined by seven guest juries in the voting for the winner, coming from France, Luxembourg, Ireland, Portugal, Netherlands, Norway and Turkey. At the end of the voting the winner was Spain's David Bisbal with "Corazon latino", beating Sweden's winner from OGAE Second Chance Contest 2001, Barbados in second place, and Israel's Sarit Hadad into third place.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2003 was the seventeenth edition of the OGAE Second Chance Contest, and was organised by OGAE Spain following their win the previous year. Twenty countries took part in the contest, held in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria. The competing entries were joined by five guest juries in the voting for the winner, coming from Belgium, Italy, France, Finland and Turkey. After being relegated from the Eurovision Song Contest 2003; Denmark, Finland and Macedonia were unable to compete in the contest. Belgium and Turkey were also forced to withdraw due to not holding a national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2003. Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal returned to the contest after the previous year's relegation. They were joined by Poland, making its début in the Second Chance Contest. Malta were to take part in the contest, and would have been represented by Charlene & Natasha with "Rain of Fire", however the country were disqualified due to voting communication problems. At the end of the voting, two countries had tied for first place - Sweden's Alcazar with "Not a Sinner Nor a Saint", and Slovenia's Nuša Derenda with "Prvič in zadnič", with both having received 215 points. The current tie-break rules of the time were used in this case, with the country having received the most 12 points winning the contest. In this case Sweden had received 13 sets of 12 points, compared to Slovenia's 6 sets, and so the victory went to Alcazar. Had the current tie-break rules been used, with the country receiving points from the most number of countries winning, Sweden still would have won, due to both countries receiving points from 23 countries. The first nul points received in the Second Chance Contest were received during this contest, with both Iceland's Botnleðja and Israel's Lior Narkis receiving no points from the 23 juries.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2004 was the eighteenth edition of the Second Chance Contest, organised once again by OGAE Sweden following their win in 2003. Twenty-one songs competed in the contest, held in Växjö, Sweden. All competing branches of OGAE participated in voting for the winner, along with three guest juries who were ineligible to compete in the contest from France, Ireland and Italy. Serbia and Montenegro made its début, which they also did at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004. Denmark, Finland and Macedonia returned to the contest after being relegated from the Eurovision Song Contest 2003. Belgium and Turkey returned after holding internal selections the previous year, while Malta returned after being disqualified the previous year. A number of countries also withdrew from the contest; Estonia and Israel had been set to compete in the contest, however withdrew at a late stage after selecting their entries (namely "Homme" by Maarja-Liis Ilus and "Freedom" by David D'Or respectively). Iceland withdrew due to no national final being held, while Romania withdrew out of choice. Ireland withdrew, but competed as a guest jury. Spain won the contest, with Sweden and Germany finishing second and third places respectively.
Alcazar winners of the OGAE Second Chance Contests in 2003 and 2005.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2005 was the nineteenth contest held in Bilbao, Spain after Davinia won the 2004 contest with "Mi obsesión". Twenty-four countries competed in the contest for the title of the best song that didn't make it to the Eurovision stage through their national selection, however Estonia were later disqualified as it could not be reached to give their votes for the contest. Two guest juries also voted from Italy and Portugal, giving a total number of twenty-five juries. Belgium, France, Ireland and Russia all returned to the contest after holding national finals to select their entries. Poland and Portugal were forced to withdraw after internal selections were held in their countries. The contest was won by Sweden's Alcazar with "Alcastar", who received 201 points, 24 more than runner-up Serbia and Montenegro. Ireland came last, receiving nul points from all juries.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2006 was the twentieth edition of OGAE Second Chance, and was held in Stockholm, Sweden after Alcazar won the 2005 contest with "Alcastar". Nineteen countries competed in the contest for the title of the best song that didn't make it to the Eurovision stage through their national selection. Six guest juries also competed in the voting from Italy, Andorra, France, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Spain and from the Rest of the World. Ukraine entered the contest for the first time, while Poland and Portugal returned after their absence the previous year, all holding national finals to select their entries to the Eurovision Song Contest 2006. However a large number of countries failed to hold national finals or simply withdrew from the contest. Austria withdrew from the 2006 Eurovision Song Contest, and were thus ineligible to compete in Second Chance. Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Spain and Turkey failed to hold multi-song national selections for Eurovision, while Estonia and Latvia withdrew from Second Chance out of choice. The contest was won by Slovenia's Saša Lendero with "Mandoline", who received 220 points, 45 points more than runner-up Norway. Poland received nul points from all juries, placing last.
Sanna Nielsen, the winner of the 2008 Second Chance Contest, representing Sweden.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2007 was the twenty-first contest, which was held in Ljubljana, Slovenia after their win at the 2006 contest. Twenty countries competed in the contest for the title of the best song that didn't make it to the Eurovision stage through their national selection. However 22 had signed up to compete. Moldova were forced to withdraw their entry, "Your Place or Mine" by Olia Tira, after no national final performance could be available. Finland were disqualified after the country's branch was expelled from the OGAE Network on 17 September 2007, and as such their entry, "Olet uneni kaunein" by Johanna Kurkela, did not participate in the contest. Seven guest juries also competed in the voting, namely Italy, Andorra, Rest of the World, Austria, Belgium, Lebanon and Moldova (after their withdrawal). Estonia, France and Spain made their returns to the contest after missing last year's contest. Belgium withdrew after no national final was held in the country while Serbia and Montenegro were forced to withdraw after the country was dissolved in 2006. Its successor, Serbia, however made its début to the contest this year. The contest was won by Sweden's Måns Zelmerlöw with "Cara Mia", who received 252 points from the 27 juries, 72 points more than runner-up United Kingdom.
Hera Björk is from Iceland, however, she won the 2009 Second Chance Contest for Denmark.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2008 was the twenty-second OGAE Second Chance Contest, organised between members of international Eurovision Song Contest fan club OGAE to select the best song not to make it to the Eurovision Song Contest through their national finals. Twenty-one songs competed for the title in the 21st edition of the contest, held in Stockholm in Sweden after OGAE Sweden's win the previous year with Måns Zelmerlöw and "Cara Mia". All twenty-one competing countries voted for the winner, and were also joined by eight guest juries from countries ineligible to participate in the contest - these guest juries came from OGSE branches in Andorra, Austria, France, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Kazakhstan (representing the Rest of the World). Belgium, Finland, Lithuania and Russia made their returns to the contest, all holding national finals in their countries. The Netherlands withdrew after an internal selection was held in the country, while Ukraine withdrew of choice. The contest was won by Sweden's Sanna Nielsen with "Empty Room", who received 268 points, 90 points more than runner-up Spain. Nielsen went on to represent Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2014, with the song "Undo". This was Sweden's 12th win in the contest, remaining the most successful country in the contest. Estonia came last, gaining nul points from all juries.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2009 was the twenty-third OGAE Second Chance Contest, organised between members of international Eurovision Song Contest fan club OGAE to select the best song not to make it to the Eurovision Song Contest through their national finals. The contest was held in Stockholm, Sweden after Sanna Nielsen won for Sweden the previous year. Twenty countries participated in the contest, with songs that failed to win their televised national selections. Malta was to originally compete with "Avalon" by Georgina & Ruth Casingena, however OGAE Malta has since decided to withdraw. Andorra and Moldova entered the contest for the first time, while the Netherlands returned after their absence from the 2008 contest. Slovakia returned after a 14-year absence, last entering in 1993 contest. The Slovak song was also representing OGAE Rest of the World, representing countries with no national OGAE branch. The United Kingdom, Belgium and Germany left the contest due to not holding a multi-song national final for the 2009, but voted as guest juries, along with Austria, France, Italy and Turkey. Russia were also absent from the contest. Luxembourg withdrew from being a Guest Jury on 2 September 2009. The draw for the running order was conducted on 19 June 2009 in Gävle, where it was decided that newcomer Andorra would start the show, while Portugal would close it. The contest was won by Denmark's Hera Björk with "Someday", who received 257 points, 28 points more than runner-up Sweden. This was Denmark's second win in the contest. Slovakia placed last, receiving 4 points. The full result of the Second Chance Contest were presented on 22 December 2009 through a PDF file sent to the competing OGAE clubs. The voting show on DVD will be released during early 2010.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2010 was the twenty-fourth contest, which were held in Copenhagen, Denmark after Hera Björk won the previous year. Twenty-three countries took part in the contest; Armenia, Azerbaijan and Bulgaria (as the entry for OGAE Rest of the World) took part for the first time, with Germany, Malta and Russia, all returning after missing last year's contest, and Cyprus, for the first time since 2000, competing as well. However, Andorra, Estonia, Moldova, the Netherlands and Slovakia withdrew from the contest. The results of OGAE Second Chance Contest 2010 were announced by OGAE Denmark on 31 October 2010 at 3pm CET over a live Internet stream. Sweden's Timoteij were the winners of the contest with "Kom", giving Sweden their 13th win in the contest. 2nd place went to Denmark's Bryan Rice and 3rd place went to Portugal's Catarina Pereira. Azerbaijan came last with 0 points.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2011 was the twenty-fifth contest, which were held in Gothenburg, Sweden after their in 2010. Twenty-one countries competed in the contest, with five countries making their return to the contest: Austria, Belgium, Iceland (as the entry for OGAE Rest of the World), Italy and the Netherlands all sent entries for the first time since 2005, 2008, 2001, 1999 and 2009 respectively. However Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Russia and Serbia withdrew. Andorra, France and the United Kingdom took part as guest juries during the voting. On 10 October 2011 OGAE Sweden announced the results of the 2011 Second Chance Contest: Iceland's Yohanna, representing OGAE Rest of the World with "Nótt" was announced as the winner - their first win in the contest. Sweden's Jenny Silver came second, while Modà feat. Emma came in 3rd for Italy. Macedonia came in last with 0 points.
Pastora Soler won the 2012 Second Chance Contest for Spain.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2012 was the twenty-sixth held in Johannesburg, South Africa after Yohanna won for the Iceland, represented by OGAE Rest of the World with "Nótt", in 2011. Nineteen countries competed in the contest. It also marked the return of four countries to the contest: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia (as the entry for OGAE Rest of the World) and Russia. However Croatia, Italy, Israel, Malta, Macedonia and Poland did not participate in the Second Chance Contest. Italy, Israel and Poland, along with Andorra, France, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom were lined up to be guest juries during the voting. The voting took place over five days from 16 October 2013. Spain's Pastora Soler was declared the winner with the song "Tu vida es tu vida", beating Sweden's Danny Saucedo into 2nd place by a single point. Norway's Reidun Sæther took 3rd place. This is the first time that the winner is also a contestant in the respective ESC edition.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2013 were the twenty-seventh held on 5 October 2013 in Barcelona, Spain after Pastora Soler won the previous year. Fifteen countries competed in the contest. Israel, Italy, Serbia, and Hungary (as part of OGAE Rest of the World) returned to the competition. While Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, and Slovenia withdrew. Norway won the contest with the song "Bombo", performed by Adelén, achieving 151 points after all the votes were cast. Italy finished second, while Hungary (as part of OGAE Rest of the World) finished in third place.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2014 was the twenty-eighth edition of the Second Chance Contest, held in Oslo, Norway on 19 October 2014 following their win in the 2013 contest. Twenty countries participated in the contest, with Albania and Belarus making their Second Chance début. Denmark, France, Malta, Portugal, Romania, and Slovenia all returned. Austria and Italy who took part in the 2013 Contest weren't able to take part in 2014 because they had selected their Eurovision entries internally. Serbia were also absent from the contest due to their withdrawal from the Eurovision Song Contest 2014. The contest was won by Helena Paparizou, who represented Sweden with the song "Survivor", beating Spain into second place, and Portugal into third. Paparizou previously represented Greece at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "My Number One" which went on to win the contest.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2015 was the twenty-ninth edition of the contest, and took place in Stockholm, Sweden, following their win in 2014. Eighteen countries competed and the competing entries were revealed on 9 July 2015. Austria, Italy, Latvia, Moldova and Serbia all returned to the contest. However Belgium, France, Iceland, Israel, Romania and Spain, who took part in the 2014 Contest, withdrew. The contest was won by Nek, who represented Italy with the song "Fatti avanti amore", placing just above Sweden and Denmark, respectively.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2016 was the thirtieth edition of the contest, and took place in Siena, Italy, following their win in 2015. Twenty-three countries competed and the competing entries were revealed on 5 July 2016. Belgium, Hungary (as part of OGAE Rest of the World), Israel, Poland, Spain, Ukraine and United Kingdom all returned to the contest. However Greece, Ireland, Moldova, Portugal and Serbia, who took part in the 2015 Contest, withdrew. Although Romania was disqualified at the Eurovision Song Contest 2016, it could still participate in the Contest, and also return having withdrawn in 2015. The contest was won by Margaret, who represented Poland with the song "Cool Me Down", beating Sweden into second place, and Israel into third.
Annalisa won the 2018 Second Chance Contest for Italy.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2017 was the thirty-first edition of the contest, and took place in Warsaw, Poland, following their win in 2016. Twenty-two countries competed and the competing entries were revealed on 31 May 2017. Georgia (as part of OGAE Rest of the World), Greece, Iceland and Portugal all returned to the competition. However Austria, Belgium, Israel, Romania and Switzerland, who took part in the 2016 Contest, withdrew. The contest was won by Mariette, who represented Sweden with the song "A Million Years", beating Italy into second place, and Ukraine into third.
The OGAE Second Chance Contest 2018 was the thirty-second edition of the contest, and took place in Eskilstuna, Sweden, following their win in 2017. Twenty-seven countries participated in the contest, with Czech Republic and San Marino (as part of OGAE Rest of the World) making their Second Chance début. Armenia, France, Romania, Serbia and Switzerland all returned to the competition. However Georgia and Greece, who took part in the 2017 Contest, withdrew. The contest was won by Annalisa, who represented Italy with the song "Il mondo prima di te", beating France into second place and Finland into third. This was Italy's second win in 4 years.
Map showing each country's number of OGAE Second Chance wins up to 2018.
The Guest Jury Hits contest was introduced in 2003, giving guest juries of the Retro contests the opportunity to compete in their own contest. The contest was formed as a way for OGAE branches to become juries in the Second Chance Retro Contest, with each non-competing branch selecting a hit song from their country in that year. The first contest was held in 2003, when hit songs from 1986 competed in the contest. So far eleven contests have been held, with Italy winning six contests, and Belgium, Spain, Sweden, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and the United States all winning once. Umberto Tozzi has so far been responsible for three of Italy's wins.
^ Indicates representative of OGAE Rest of the World.
^ Indicates winners of the Retrospective Second Chance Contest.
^ a b c d e Speirs, Gary. "Contest Background". OGAE Second Chance Contest. sechuk.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
^ a b c d e Speirs, Gary. "Statistics and other Useless Information". OGAE Second Chance Contest. sechuk.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
^ "About us". OGAE Second Chance Contest. OGAE. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
^ a b c Speirs, Gary. "All nations, all positions". OGAE Second Chance Contest. sechuk.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
^ a b c d Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest". All the winners. sechuk.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1987". sechuk.com. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1988". sechuk.com. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1989". sechuk.com. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
^ a b c Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1990".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1991".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1992".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1993".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1994".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1995".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1996".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1997".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1998".
^ a b c Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 1999".
^ a b c Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2000 - Voting".
^ a b c Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2001".
^ Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2001 - Voting".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2002".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2002 - Voting".
^ a b Speirs, Gary. "OGAE Secong Chance Contest 2003".
^ a b "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2003 - Voting".
^ "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2004".
^ a b c "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2004 - Voting".
^ "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2005".
^ a b "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2005 - Voting".
^ a b "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2006". Sechuk.com. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
^ a b "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2006 - Voting".
^ "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2007".
^ "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2007 - Results".
^ Floras, Stella (8 June 2008). "OGAE Second chance contest running order". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
^ a b "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2008 - Voting".
^ Repo, Juha (25 July 2009). "OGAE Second Chance contest has started". ESCToday. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
^ a b c "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2009". Retrieved 27 April 2009.
^ Dufaut, Dominique (22 December 2009). "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2009: Here are the results!". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
^ a b c "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2010".
^ a b "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2011".
^ a b "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2012".
^ "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2012 - Voting". sechuk.com. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
^ "Pastora Soler representará a España en Eurovisión 2012 con la canción "Quédate conmigo"". RTVE.es. Retrieved 4 March 2012. (in Spanish).
^ a b "OGAE Second Chance Contest 2013".
^ a b c d "OGAE SECOND CHANCE 2014 - NORWAY". Retrieved 18 May 2014.
^ "The results of the OGAE Second Chance Contest 2014!". sechuk.com. Sechuk.com. 19 October 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
^ Sietse Bakker (22 May 2005). "Greece wins Eurovision Song Contest". esctoday.com. ESCToday. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
^ a b c Taylor, Richard] (9 July 2015). "OGAE Second Chance: Stockholm 2015". eurovoix.com. Eurovoix. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^ a b Taylor, Richard] (9 July 2016). "OGAE Second Chance: Stockholm 2016". eurovoix.com. Eurovoix. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
^ "ESC 2016: OGAE Second Chance 2016 Results!". leuropazzia.wordpress.com. Europazzia NEWS. 21 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
^ a b "Mariette from Sweden wins OGAE Second Chance Contest 2017!!!". osc2017.eurowizja.org. OSC 2017. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
^ Speirs, Gary. "Guest Jury Hits". OGAE Guest Jury Contest. sechuk.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.


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Unicorns not Polar Bears! Addressing Climate as an LGBTQ Issue
February 8, 2017 / Climate Queer / No Comments »
A Queer Response to Climate Change?!?
A researcher contacted me recently to follow up on a blog post I wrote about how LGBTQ+ people are affected by climate change. The researcher is hoping to publish something but ran into some roadblocks from the editors of a journal.
I have found that conference organizers and academic journals think the concept of connecting LGBTQ and climate change so bizarre that they almost immediately reject any proposal. This was true with organizers of the World Pride event in Toronto a few years ago. When we proposed a presentation on a "Queer Response to Climate Change," they could not see how that had anything to do with LGBTQ human rights. They dismissed our request which led to send them a written manifesto. While it never convinced the Pride organizers, it did serve to inspire LGBTQ+ here in the US and beyond.
The researcher asked me some very helpful questions that you too might might to consider. If you want to be in touch with the researcher, contact me directly.
Here are the questions and my answers:
1. In the context of your sexual identity, how do you see yourself being personally affected by climate change (consider, for example, in preparing for climate change and in experiencing climate change)?
I do not see myself as an environmentalist in large part because the American environmental movement is so hetero-centric as is much of the US camping culture. I like nature, but not the domesticated nature of national parks and camp sites.
Rather I feel like a Walt Whitman naturalist who wants to dive into the wilderness, off the beaten path and embrace nature as I become intimately connected to it.
Naked and Very Afraid
This past summer I attempted a Walt Whitman "Leaves of Grass" moment. I dove into the woods and began to strip down to my boxers. I wanted to lie on the ground and feel the earth under me. Suddenly I remembered all of the warnings about the exploding tick populations. I failed to bring repellent. I worried about mosquitos carrying diseases. In that remote place I was suddenly reminded of the negative affects of a warming planet, the consequences of the immoral fossil fuel lifestyle of the modern world. I felt exposed and insecure and afraid. I recoiled, got dressed, and fled to a domesticated space.
LGBTQ Seniors and Climate Change
While I am not yet a senior citizen, that is coming up quickly. I hated air conditioning ever since I lived in Memphis and endured it freezing my nipples off until I went out into the blazing muggy daylight to defrost. Also AC is expensive and energy intensive. More severe and frequent heatwaves are predicted. Elderly people are affected by heatwaves which can lead to severe illness and death.
As a gay man, I do not experience the same equality as heterosexual citizens and residents. My job and career got disrupted because I am gay and had to leave it and start over. I don't have a big pension coming my way. I do not have children or the prospect of children, while many if not most heterosexuals do. Often children help look after aging parents. There are real risks from climate change as I get older. I don't have children checking in on me to make sure I am ok during heatwaves and other extreme events. I live in a rural part of the USA and worry about healthcare and discrimination.
2. What about other LGBT+ people? What issues might/do they face? (perhaps you can draw from the experiences of friends/colleagues)
I think of homeless LGBT+ youth, up to 40% of the homeless youth population in most cities. They often avoid shelters. Many shelters are private ventures run by churches. There is often no knowing how church folk will receive LGBT+ kids.
Also, most shelters are gendered spaces: boys to one side, girls to the other. What about transgender youth? Gender non-binary and genderqueer youth? LGBTQ+ youth often do not like going to these shelters.
On a warming planet we see more frequent and extreme weather events like Superstorm Sandy and Hurricane Katrina. Where do these kids go when shelter becomes a matter of life or death? Are we developing shelters that are specifically and intentionally friendly towards LGBTQ+ youth?
Similarly I think of LGBTQ+ senior citizens. They too are affected by extreme weather and heatwaves and do not have the same social and family support enjoyed by cisgender and heterosexual citizens.
3. How should LGBT+ people get involved in responding to climate change? (I'm thinking at all levels here, from international to local)
a. Break the collective silence around climate change and do it in a creative way. Much like during the early HIV/AIDS Crisis when the government could give a damn about gay men and people of color (gay and straight) suffering with GRID (gay related immune deficiency as it was first called) when virtually no one was talking about or covering the epidemic, today with climate change I am reminded: Silence=Death. We need storytellers, artists, people concerned with human rights, creative queer communicators to tell the story of climate change and to engage the public.
b. Work on local and regional resiliency and community building. Develop a list of all the LGBTQ+ seniors in the community. Check in with them before and after storms and heatwaves. Open up community centers and LGBTQ+ friendly spaces as cooling centers during the hottest days of the year. Help with retrofitting homes with what will be cheaper energy efficient technology. Help LGBTQ+ people who are marginalized because of poverty, race, gender identity/expression with adaptation including growing food and water collection.
c. Recognize that climate change results in migration and immigration and that within that population there are LGBTQ+ people who are also affected by homophobia/transphobia. They may be deeply marginalized in their own families and among fellow migrants. Provide services, language classes, community, and opportunities to connect w/ LGBTQ+ migrants.
d. Recognize that during extreme weather events political leaders override existing policing rules when they declare a State of Emergency. There are curfews, forced evacuations. As a result, there are opportunities for human rights abuses and injustice. This directly affects LGBTQ+ people who are poor and/or homeless. Educating first responders, political leaders, and police about LGBTQ+ populations and reporting any and all abuses of power are essential.
e. Educate ourselves about climate change as a human rights issue and apply for funding for adaption in our communities to specifically reach out to LGBTQ+ folks to educate them and convince them that they have skin in the game.
4. How would you try to convince someone that the impact of climate change on LGBT+ communities in particular is an issue that needs to be addressed? (for example, by analogy, like the Pink Triangles)
Original art by Kevin Miller
Storytelling. The power of stories is one that we learned during the HIV/AIDS Crisis. This included visuals like the AIDS quilt and the red HIV/AIDS ribbon (which inspired countless other ribbons.) During the Transgender Day of Remembrance, we hear stories that move us to tears and to action.
I use my creativity to help people see that climate change affects pets, coffee, wine, a picnic in the park, policing and incarceration, and much more. I do not think anyone needs to become an environmentalist to be concerned about climate change. Rather they need to understand that something they are already passionate about is threatened by climate change.
I also think comedy has a role to play: not mocking people dismissive of climate change: that is not really that funny and just ends up with people feeling smudge because they recognize climate change is real. Rather comedy is a queer response to climate change. It immediately instils the conversation with hope and it relaxes people so that they can hear what they often filter out.
Most heterosexuals talk about climate change in a way to stir up fear, shame, and anger. We can use comedy and storytelling instead to inspire curiosity and engagement.
5. What needs to happen/change to protect LGBT+ people from climate change?
a. First and most importantly, we need to radically reduce pollution that leads to climate change: coal, oil, gas, natural gas along with farming practices that also contribute to the problem. But this needs to be done on a national and international scale, not by individual consumers scaling back.
We need system change and policy change about how we get our energy—a great transition from dirty to clean energy. One of the most effective ways to do this is through carbon pricing. Put a fee on all fossil fuels that contribute to global warming. To do this requires both thoughtful and respectful lobbying and non-violent direct action. (As the host of Citizens' Climate Radio and a volunteer lobbyist for Citizens' Climate Lobby, I am working with lots of people on this very thing.)
b. Educate LGBTQ+ people, particularly leaders that climate change threatens us in specific ways and that our voices are needed to both change policy and to creatively communicate to the public at large about the program. We must move beyond polar bears and future generations to communicate other compelling reasons to act to address climate change.
c. We need to be part of coalitions who are addressing climate change in part to help influence strategy so that they are justice minded and aware that LGBTQ+ are concerned and want to be part of the solutions.
d. We must talk about climate change as LGBTQ+ people. In other words, "queer" the climate discussion. And with that queering insert mirth, play, beauty, and art. What we lack in addressing climate change is a lack of imagination. While we do not have exclusive rights to creativity, we have demonstrated in fighting the oppressions we have faced that we can use creativity, camp, and art to take on powers.
Here is my campy contribution:
This post was original published on Climate Stew
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Acilarea este o reacție organică de introducere a unui rest acid (acil) în molecula unui compus organic, cu ajutorul anhidridelor, clorurilor acide și acizilor. Reacția de acilare e folosită în industrie pentru a obține esteri, amide și cetone. Se pot acila alcooli, fenoli și amine. Un exemplu de reacție de acilare este reacția Friedel–Crafts. O reacție specifică de acilare este acetilarea, prin care se obține acetați.

Vezi și
 Alchilare
 Reacție Friedel–Crafts

Articole din D.E.R. 1962
Reacții organice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
MAYOR FORD IS HIS OWN ENEMY
HE SHOULD FIRE BROTHER AND ADVISORS
Most Torontonians, I am sure, are bored and irritated by Mayor Ford's football charity soap opera and his daily imitations of a dinosaur sinking in a swamp on too many issues.
And his brother is no help. Heaven help the family if he is supposed to be the bright one. Heaven help the Ford Nation if they don't get some common sense advice before they shoot off their mouths.
The mayor may not be listening to his staff at all. Which is stupid, considering their salaries. They're like the crew of a crippled cruise ship just running around and around and wondering wotinhell the captain is going to do next.
The captain should go to his cabin, look in the mirror, and in the words of the grand old comic strip, Pogo, say he has looked in the mirror "and the enemy is us."
I think it is nice that Ford is helping poor high schoolers with football equipment. I suspect that part of that is triggered by his own spotty football career, where his so-called university experience seems to be invented or exaggerated. Yet no doubt he means well in this charity and should be encouraged.
But for heaven's sake, don't deliver yourself up to the fists and scorching tonsils of your opponents by sending out personal letters requesting contributions. Let someone do it in your name. There should be no suggestion of "buying" influence with the city by giving to the mayor's cause.
Ironically, as a municipal lawyer pointed out to me the other day, if Ford was sending out requests for donations to the United Way, that would be OK with the left, but not for anything that has Ford's name on it, no matter how genuine it is as a charity.
The latest "outrage" is contrived, as usual.
For example, of the latest two football charity solicitation letters that the Star has grabbed on to with the ferocity of a drowning man with a life jacket, one upon a little analysis is feeble when it suggests buying influence.
Brian Ashton, president of the Canadian National Exhibition, talks vaguely about being pressured by the Ford letter that he got. And the media point out that Ashton has to get elected and that the CNE board contains councillors and is intertwined with the city.
Yes but....
Now Ashton is my friend. and I have written for years that he should have been the head of Toronto, whether as Metro chairman or mayor. I think, and have written, and told him, that he would be a better mayor than Ford. He was a veteran councillor who just retired and the idea that he would be intimidated by anyone (other than his wife and daughter) is just nonsense.
Now Ashton is diplomatic generally about Ford but critical privately, mainly along the lines of why does this guy keep shooting himself in his foot before he shoves it in his mouth. He had a great quip to me when Ford was caught using his cellphone while he was driving that at least now we know he can read. (Maybe that was off the record but I've already written it at least once.)
Let's eliminate this crap about Ashton, the CNE president, somehow being intimidated, or something, by a letter from the mayor asking for funds. And I write as someone who has been CNE president and is still on the board.
First of all, Ashton is in the final year of being president and faces no election. Second, the annual fair is separating officially from city council on April 1. The deal is done. Third, Ford was a director of the CNE when I was president, and as mayor is automatically a member of the board. He has never come to a meeting as mayor, so he obviously is not very interested in one of the world's largest annual fairs. Ford was invited to open the CNE last year and instead sent a councillor to represent him. (The directors were not amused.)
An ally of Ford's, Deputy Mayor Doug Holday, has long been a CNE vice president and now diligent director and is a stalwart voice on council about CNE maters.
In the past, the fair has had trouble just getting any mayor to notice the Ex. Now it is separating formally and the annual profit will no longer go to city taxpayers, I for one intend to call for the mayor and his staff not to be freeloaders but pay their way and to keep their views about the Ex to themselves.
Posted by John Downing at 9:07 AM
POTSHOTS AND POLITICAL SKEET SHOOTING
THE OSCARS OF CANADIAN JOURNALISM
ORDER OF CANADA: THE RIGGED AWARD
TEACHERS' EXTRACURRICULAR BS
I FALL FOR YOU, AND YOU, AND YOU


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text:
#ElevateYourGame | Joe Otin
Joe Otin is the CEO of The Collective, a digital ad agency, with over a quarter of a century worth of experience in advertising, media research & content production. He is also the chairman of the Advertising Standards Board of Kenya.
Joe is the District Governor of Rotary District 9212 which covers Clubs in Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea and South Sudan, the Rotary International representative to UN Environment and a Board Member of WWF-Kenya.
He presided as the chief judge of the PRSK (Public Relations Society of Kenya) Excellence Awards for 3 consecutive years, having been a judge on that panel for 11 years. He also presided as the chief judge of the MSK (Marketing Society of Kenya) gala awards in 2015. He served thrice as a judge for both of Kenya's Top 40 Under 40 Women and the Top 40 Under 40 Men.
He was granted the MSK Marketing Warrior Award in 2010, and has published several papers in local and international conferences, most recently on the subject of return-on-investment in advertising and social media marketing. He is a columnist in the Business Daily writing on topics focused on marketing.
Links from the media:
The Star July 2019
The Media Online July 2017
International Assembly January 2017
Citizen TV June 2017
K24 November 2016
Business Daily September 2014
CNBC Africa September 2012
CNBC Africa June 2011
Fashion brands demonstrate interactive advertising strategies that work
Joe is the CEO of The Collective, a digital advertising agency, the District Governor 2019-20 of Rotary District 9212, the chairman of the Advertising Standards Board of Kenya, and a board member of WWF-Kenya.
District Conference 2020
The Collective – Interactive Ad Agency


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If you're looking for prompt, reliable personal property restoration services in South Central Pennsylvania cities such as Carlisle, PA, Harrisburg, PA or Chambersburg, PA, look no further than Tuckey Restoration. Our services include contents pack-out and storage, where we remove any damaged items from your property and take them to an off-site location for professional cleaning and restoration.
We can also perform on-site home property restoration work such as cleaning fabric-related items (carpeting, furniture, upholstery, etc.). Besides restoring the appearance of your contents to their pre-damaged condition, we can also remove the unpleasant odors resulting from smoke or mold that may linger without remediation.
While some companies specialize in quick-fix damage mitigation and others focus on building reconstruction, Tuckey Restoration is a full-service contractor that can handle your entire restoration project, from emergency response to complete reconstruction. By taking care of everything – including your damaged personal property within your building – we'll save you the time and hassle of dealing with multiple contractors — that's what sets us apart from competing personal property restoration contractors in the Harrisburg, PA-Carlisle, PA-Chambersburg, PA region.
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text:
Mark Morgenstein,
Rob Sargent,
Xcel Energy announces plan for zero-carbon electricity by 2050
DENVER -- Today, Xcel Energy announced a plan to reduce carbon emissions 80 percent by 2030 and 100 percent by 2050. Rob Sargent, senior director of Environment America's clean energy program, issued the following statement.
"Renewable power is here, it's growing and there's no turning back. States as large as California and as small as Hawaii have committed to getting rid of fossil fuels. Xcel's announcement follows the lead of California, which just committed to generating 100 percent of its electricity statewide from zero-carbon sources. With everyone rowing in the same direction, we're confident that the people in states served by Xcel -- including Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico and Texas -- can meet all of their electricity needs with clean and renewable energy."
"The consequences of inaction keep getting worse, so we need to do all we can as fast as we can. Xcel's announcement shows that the writing's on the wall for fossil fuels and dirty energy, and sets the bar for utilities nationwide. Environment America applauds Xcel's goals and we're calling on other public utilities to follow suit.
"While this announcement is good news, it also highlights the gap between where we are and where we need to be. A target of 80 percent by 2030 is what's needed, along with significant, transformative investments in solar, wind, energy storage and electric vehicle-charging infrastructure."
Mark Morgenstein
Rob Sargent


text:
Divisional Round Stats Recap: Packers vs Cowboys
Posted on 01/13/2015 by Contributor
In my first, two posts last week, I almost burned out my abacus crunching numbers and calculating statistical predictions for the Packers playoff game against the Cowboys on Sunday. I didn't realize how in depth it was going to be when I started, and by the time I started regretting my decision, I was in too deep and had to gut it out. But we made it through!
In today's post, I wanted to revisit those numbers and see how the game stats actually played out by the time the final whistle blew on Sunday. But before we dive into the numbers, let me remind you how I came up with the predictions.
I first created lists of the Top 25 players that the Packers and Cowboys played during the regular season based on receiving yards and rushing yards. I also made lists of the Top 15 quarterbacks each team faced as well. After that, I averaged out those players' numbers to find the team's average performance against top tier players. A potentially shaky premise, I realize, but one that I felt was relevant based on the teams' offensive arsenals.
I then took the per game numbers of Aaron Rodgers, Tony Romo, Eddie Lacy, DeMarco Murray, Dez Bryant and Jordy Nelson, and averaged them out with the other team's defensive stats against elite players. Got it now? If not, feel free to revisit my posts from last Tuesday and Friday. Once you're all set, feel free to continue reading.
Prediction: Tony Romo would throw for 255 yards, 2 TDs and one interception
Reality: Romo threw for 191 and 2 TDs
Prediction: DeMarco Murray would rush for 91 yards and a touchdown
Reality: Murray rushed for 123 yards and a touchdown
Prediction: Dez Bryant would have 80 yards and a touchdown
Reality: Bryant caught three passes for 38 yards
Romo more or less played right into the predictions. The reason his yardage was low was most likely due to the fact that he only attempted 19 passes. He wasn't struggling either – he went 15/19 on the game. (Note: Romo's 15 completions and 19 attempts were both season lows.) While he didn't throw an interception, he did fumble the ball twice. Both were recovered by Dallas, however. Murray rushed for more yards than predicted, mostly due to tremendous blocking by his offensive line and some missed tackles by the Packers. Can't say I'm shocked on that front. He was the offensive player that scared me the most going into this game.
The big surprise, however, came in the lack of production from Dez. He actually had the exact same stat line as Cole Beasley! But if you were to add in the catch* he had in the fourth quarter, he would have potentially finished with 70 yards and a touchdown – right on projection. Romo seemed to default to Jason Witten for most of the game. In fact, six of Romo's 15 completions were to Witten.
* We can all agree he caught the ball. However, the refs made the correct call based on the rule that's in place. Great catch, stupid rule.
Finally, I predicted the Cowboys to finish with 24 points on the game – two Romo touchdowns (to Dez & Terrance Williams), one on the ground from Murray and one Dan Bailey field goal. In the end, it would have been spot on had Bailey not missed his only attempt of the game.
Prediction: Aaron Rodgers would throw for 292 yards and 3 touchdowns
Reality: Rodgers finished with 316 yards, 3 TD and a lost fumble
Prediction: Eddie Lacy would rush for 70 yards and a touchdown
Reality: Lacy rushed for 101 yards
Prediction: Jordy Nelson and Randall Cobb would combine for 183 and two touchdowns
Reality: Nelson finished with 22 yards, and Cobb had 116 yards
Even with only one good calf, Rodgers still managed to put up the elite numbers we're used to from him, although the calf issue may have contributed to the limited mobility and the lost fumble. His stats were virtually right in line with predictions too, I might add. Lacy put up more yards than expected, but was unable to find the end zone. James Starks also got a handful of carries in the first half while Lacy was sidelined due to asthma issues.
Cobb put up a solid game yardage wise, but wasn't able to find the end zone. Nelson is the big head scratcher from Sunday. His two catches for 22 yards is something we'd expect from Jarrett Boykin or Andrew Quarless, but never Air Jordy! If memory serves me well, I believe his two catches were both for third-and-long conversions to move the sticks, but I'm not positive. Hopefully we'll see more from him next week.
But since Jordy wasn't racking up his usual yardage, someone else had to fill in. Welcome to the big stage, Davante Adams! The rookie's huge game put him on peoples' radar, and rightly so. His stat line of seven catches for 117 yards and a juke-filled, 46-yard touchdown was a huge play in the game. Rodgers showed late-game confidence in the young receiver as well, despite being on the wrong page a couple times in the first half.
For the game, I predicted the Packers to put 34 points on the scoreboard – three Rodgers TDs (Nelson, Cobb, one of the tight ends), one from Lacy, and two Mason Crosby field goals. They ended up one touchdown short, tying their lowest point output at home on the season (Week 13 vs New England). But 26 was still enough to get the win and move on to the NFC Championship, so you won't hear any complaining from me.
Unless you ask me about Brad Jones.


Marlisle (a made up word combining marl and Fair Isle) is an unusual system of creating decorative texture and colour shifts in handknitted fabric with a particular focus on seamless knitting in the round. By separating out two yarns generally being held together to form a marl base, Marlisle allows patches of stranded colourwork to be scattered around a garment or accessory without the use of intarsia while avoiding unworkably long floats. It can be used to combine different weights of yarn, throw new light on your stash, overcome frustrations like jogging stripes when knitting in the round and even to adapt existing patterns.
This class is an introduction to the technique of Marlisle. You'll create a circular swatch (we might even get round to a sneaky bit of steeking) from a choice of designs provided and use this as an entry point into understanding the system. Suitable for a range of skill levels, but perhaps most exciting for knitters who have experimented with stranded colourwork and intarsia and understand the limitations of these existing techniques. The aim is to send you off inspired.
4ply weight yarn in 2 contrasting, but harmonious colours. Go for 100% wool, ideally not super wash treated – you want something a little 'sticky'.
3.25mm DPNs or circular needles long enough for magic loop (depending on personal preference). Students can bring a range of sizes from 2.5 mm to 4.5mm, if they wish to adjust for their personal tension.
All materials will be available for students to buy from the shop with a 10% particpant's discount.
It would be helpful if you worked out which needle size works for you to get a DENSE garter stitch using two 4ply yarns held together.


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Home » Markets » Monday's Biggest Winners and Losers in the S&P 500
Monday's Biggest Winners and Losers in the S&P 500
July 9, 2018: The S&P 500 closed up 0.9% at 2,784.28. The DJIA closed up 1.3% at 24,777.17. Separately, the Nasdaq was up 0.9% at 7,756.20.
Monday was a solid day for the broad U.S. markets, kicking off the week on a very positive note. Crude oil was fairly volatile on the day, but ultimately ended up positive. The S&P 500 sectors were mostly positive with a few glaring exceptions. The most positive sectors were financials and industrials, up 2.3% and 1.8%, respectively. The worst performing sectors were utilities and real estate down 3.2% and 1.0%, respectively.
The stock posting the largest daily percentage loss in the S&P 500 ahead of the close was PPL Corp. (NYSE: PPL) which fell about 5% to $28.08. The stock's 52-week range is $25.30 to $39.90. Volume was 8.4 million compared to the daily average volume of 7.4 million.
The S&P 500 stock posting the largest daily percentage gain ahead of the close was Delphi Technologies PLC (NYSE: DPLH) which traded up about 5% at $45.13. The stock's 52-week range is $38.00 to $104.09. Volume was about 1 million compared to the daily average volume of 0.75 million.
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Michelle Malone – Rock and Roll with a Lot of Soul
By Matt Hillman on January 15, 2018
Michelle Malone, the Atlanta-based guitarslinger and roots-rock singer is releasing her 15th album in March, titled Slings & Arrows. She will be hitting The Attic at Rock Brothers Brewery in Ybor City on January 18th, and we had a chance to catch up with her by phone as she prepared to head out on her multi-state tour in advance of the album's release.
Slings and Arrows is packed full of everything that Malone encompasses – hard-hitting roots rock, wailing guitar solos, empowering anthems, soulful ballads and start-to-finish good times. The entire album carries a feeling of defiant positivity which perfectly sums up Michelle Malone.
Michelle Malone press photo
Right out of the gate the album opens up with the raucous barn-burning track "Just Getting Started." Slings and Arrows flows much like Georgia's own Chattahoochee River: at times dirty, grungy, but full of life as in the opening track but then pristine and smooth as in the third track, "Sugar On My Tongue."
Described on her website as an album full of "Georgia Noise" and by her own description as "a microcosm of issues that I've re-encountered over the past year," Slings And Arrows covers a wide range of emotions and sounds. The album was recorded live in the studio over a five-day period. Michelle describes "Georgia Noise" as music based in blues and R&B. Georgia had James Brown, Little Richard, Ray Charles and many more. Those are the roots of Georgia music, and the tree grows out from there. It's Rock and Roll with a lot of soul.
Michelle talks with reverence about how Georgia was a hub back in the early train days and everyone came to Atlanta when the farming dried up. They all came to the city to work, and they made music, and recording studios popped up. Great players like Blind Willie McTell. People came from all over. Eventually all those people went on to Memphis, Chicago and beyond. Georgia roots, though, came from that. The rockin', bluesy soulful sound. You can hear these roots throughout the entire album, but to my ears they are best personified by the track "Beast's Boogie," a pounding, bluesy juke-joint song that is sure to get toes tapping.
Her music rises from Malone's perspective of the social situation in the world and social media especially. She was hurt by all the anger in the world and by repeated social media attacks she personally encountered, feeling directly affected by all that but wanting to use her own music to bring people together. By her own words she does not ever try to get "preachy" about things or to get on a soapbox, but she pushed hard to create a record that filled her desire to set an example. She also strongly emphasized that her desire was not to be political, rather to try to bring people together. Her specific comment about this was, "I'm not here to tell people what to do; I'm just here to be an example."
This may be demonstrated no better than in the second track, "Love Yourself." It's perfectly Michelle Malone in that it is a song full of positivity, full of life, while still being fiercely defiant. "Civil War" touches on many of these same themes, and Michelle again said that while the song covers very heavy themes, she made a point to give the song a happy ending. She wants to fire people up and help them rise up out of negative situations. The song also gives a chance for Michelle to pull out the mandolin and show off her skills on that instrument.
A guitar player at heart, another layer throughout the album is Michelle's switching between acoustic and electric guitar. By her own account she does not like having to choose between the two. She says "a good acoustic is so driving and percussive. I like to put that on records to brighten things up and drive it more." The final track on the album, "Boxing Gloves," shows off these layers well. The song is rich, dense and again full of empowerment while still managing to be a gnarly power cord-heavy jam.
Catch Michelle live at The Attic in Ybor City, Florida on Thursday January 18th.
Slings and Arrows comes out March 2nd, but if you pre-order now at on her website you can get a copy in February before the official release.
Michelle Malone Album Release Tour
01/12 30A Songwriter Festival | Santa Rosa FL
01/18 The Attic at Rock Brothers | Ybor City | Tampa FL
01/20 Private event | Sarasota FL
01/28 Guitar Master Class | First Esistentialist Congregation | Atlanta GA
02/24 The Crimson Moon | Dahlonega GA
03/02 High Cotton Music Hall | Hartwell GA
03/09 The Cary Theater | Cary NC
03/10 Greensboro NC
03/11 Ambrose West | Asheville NC
03/23 George Link, Jr. Gilmer Arts Playhouse | Ellijay GA
03/24 Eddie's Attic | Decatur GA
Check out the video for her single "Feather In A Hurricane" off her previous album Debris
Tickets – The Attic Ybor
Event Page – Michelle Malone at The Attic


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package com.jaalee.sdk.internal;

import java.math.BigInteger;
/**
 * @author JAALEE, Inc
 *
 * @Support dev@jaalee.com
 * @Sales: sales@jaalee.com
 *
 * @see http://www.jaalee.com/
 */

public final class UnsignedInteger extends Number
{
	public static final UnsignedInteger ZERO = fromIntBits(0);
	public static final UnsignedInteger ONE = fromIntBits(1);
	public static final UnsignedInteger MAX_VALUE = fromIntBits(-1);
	private final int value;

	private UnsignedInteger(int value)
	{
		this.value = (value & 0xFFFFFFFF);
	}

	public static UnsignedInteger fromIntBits(int bits)
	{
		return new UnsignedInteger(bits);
	}

	public static UnsignedInteger valueOf(long value)
	{
		Preconditions.checkArgument((value & 0xFFFFFFFF) == value, "value (%s) is outside the range for an unsigned integer value", new Object[] { Long.valueOf(value) });

		return fromIntBits((int)value);
	}

	public static UnsignedInteger valueOf(BigInteger value)
	{
		Preconditions.checkNotNull(value);
		Preconditions.checkArgument((value.signum() >= 0) && (value.bitLength() <= 32), "value (%s) is outside the range for an unsigned integer value", new Object[] { value });

		return fromIntBits(value.intValue());
	}

	public static UnsignedInteger valueOf(String string)
	{
		return valueOf(string, 10);
	}

	public static UnsignedInteger valueOf(String string, int radix)
	{
		return fromIntBits(UnsignedInts.parseUnsignedInt(string, radix));
	}

	public UnsignedInteger plus(UnsignedInteger val)
	{
		return fromIntBits(this.value + ((UnsignedInteger)Preconditions.checkNotNull(val)).value);
	}

	public UnsignedInteger minus(UnsignedInteger val)
	{
		return fromIntBits(this.value - ((UnsignedInteger)Preconditions.checkNotNull(val)).value);
	}

	public UnsignedInteger times(UnsignedInteger val)
	{
		return fromIntBits(this.value * ((UnsignedInteger)Preconditions.checkNotNull(val)).value);
	}

	public UnsignedInteger dividedBy(UnsignedInteger val)
	{
		return fromIntBits(UnsignedInts.divide(this.value, ((UnsignedInteger)Preconditions.checkNotNull(val)).value));
	}

	public UnsignedInteger mod(UnsignedInteger val)
	{
		return fromIntBits(UnsignedInts.remainder(this.value, ((UnsignedInteger)Preconditions.checkNotNull(val)).value));
	}

	public int intValue()
	{
		return this.value;
	}

	public long longValue()
	{
		return UnsignedInts.toLong(this.value);
	}

	public float floatValue()
	{
		return (float)longValue();
	}

	public double doubleValue()
	{
		return longValue();
	}

	public BigInteger bigIntegerValue()
	{
		return BigInteger.valueOf(longValue());
	}

	public int hashCode()
	{
		return this.value;
	}

	public boolean equals(Object obj)
	{
		if ((obj instanceof UnsignedInteger)) {
			UnsignedInteger other = (UnsignedInteger)obj;
			return this.value == other.value;
		}
		return false;
	}

	public String toString()
	{
		return toString(10);
	}

	public String toString(int radix)
	{
		return UnsignedInts.toString(this.value, radix);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Black Forest Honey – Beehive Farms Pvt. Ltd.
Black forest is the rarest natural wild honey and difficult to find and only available in tropical rainforest regions of country. The color is much darker than any honey in the world.


UAW Local 2865 has elections for Local Union officers, including the officers of the Executive Board and the Joint Council every three years, and Campus units hold elections for stewards according to their own election procedures.
The Election Committee is responsible for running all Local Union elections, including elections, strike votes, and contract ratification votes. The Election Committee is responsible for the publication of notice for nominations and elections, the verification of eligibility for candidates, the organization and supervision of election proceedings, and the counting of ballots.
The Election Committee consists of one (1) Election Committee Member and one (1) Alternate Committee Member from each Campus Unit who are elected by members of that Campus Unit to serve a one (1) year term. The full duties of the Election Committee are defined in Article 13 of the Local's Bylaws.
All UAW Local 2865 Members in continuous good standing for ninety days are automatically nominated for any vacant Steward or Joint Council office.
All members in continuous good standing for one year are automatically nominated for any vacant Executive Board office.
Any member may accept their nomination prior to an election, as per the elections timeline on the Election Notices page.
Any member in good standing can vote in elections and are automatically nominated to serve on the Elections Committee, and for all Local 2865 union offices when there is an election. Any member may accept nomination by submitting in writing a statement of acceptance to the Recording Secretary.
The rules that govern elections are found in the Local 2865 and Campus Unit bylaws. Look to them for more details about elections and the Local.


To create detailed watercolour drawings artists use not only watercolour paint and a brush. For tiny details - that optically contribute the most in terms of depth and shading - they have watercolour pencils. This offers them the freedom of watercolouring and the accuracy of pencils.
Bruynzeel Design watercolour pencils are made from high-quality colour pigments that are completely watersoluble.The pencils can be applied both dry and wet. The core has a thickness of 3.7mm.
Bruynzeel Design Aquarel pencils are available as 48 seperate colours and as a luxury boxes of 12, 24 and 48 pencils.