BOSTON, MA--(Marketwired - February 23, 2017) - In the midst of the podcast renaissance, discovery is still broken. Word of mouth and primitive marketing tactics have been the only recourse for listeners, podcasters and brands. RadioPublic, a new mobile app and listening platform for on-demand radio and podcasts, is on a mission to fix that. With today's launch of RadioPublic's Podcast Playlists, it's easier than ever to discover podcasts that feed your curiosity.
RadioPublic Podcast Playlists are made up of hand-picked episodes from different podcasts, curated by tastemakers, producers, and listeners themselves. Each playlist is a self-contained feed, shaped by the personal tastes of individual curators, with episodes linking back to shows to encourage easy following. Listeners can also browse episode playlists about topics ranging from parenthood ("It's Complicated") to art ("Look with Your Ears") to business ("Podcast MBA"). Lining up your listening queue for a 30 minute commute? RadioPublic has a Podcast Playlist for that, and other activity-based recommendations too. For the first time you can follow a feed of stories your friends, family, and tastemakers love.
"Personal recommendations are still the most effective way to learn about great podcasts," said Jake Shapiro, co-founder and CEO of RadioPublic. "With the creation of Podcast Playlists we are vastly expanding the surface area for discovery, giving everyone from the best publishers to your best friends the ability to share their favorite episodes."
Podcasters, publishers, and brands are also using Podcast Playlists as a powerful tool to curate and recommend content for their audiences, including the New York Times, the Washington Post, American Public Media, Nieman Lab, Huffington Post, Salon, and Freepoint Hotel.
RadioPublic is also introducing My Podcast Playlist, a feature (currently in private beta) which gives users the ability to create and share their own Podcast Playlists. My Podcast Playlist opens up curation to listeners to share favorite episodes. Whether you want to assemble a list of essential listening on Trump's first 100 days, or a collection of kid-friendly science stories for road trips, My Podcast Playlist creates a feed others can find and follow.
In addition to Podcast Playlists, discovery on RadioPublic is powered by algorithmic recommendations based on listener behavior, and by personalized recommendations from RadioPublic's real-live-human Podcast Librarians.
Stay tuned as RadioPublic introduces new features designed to grow the audience for podcasts by making it easy to discover, listen to, and engage with podcasts and their creators.
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These cute little bunny biscuits are ready to eat in an hour. They're easy to make too because most of the hour will be spent waiting for the ingredients to chill in the fridge. Prepare a pot of tea while you wait and you'll soon be spoilt with one of the most enjoyable Easter afternoon teas once these sweet treats are ready!
Preheat oven to 160°C. Line 3 large baking trays with baking paper.
Use an electric mixer to beat 125g butter and caster sugar in a bowl until pale and creamy. Add 1 cup (150g) flour, 1 tbs cornflour, 1 tbs rice flour and cocoa powder. Stir with a wooden spoon until dough just comes together. Turn onto a lightly floured surface. Gently knead until smooth. Divide into 2 even portions and shape each into a disc. Cover with plastic wrap and place in the fridge for 30 mins to chill.
Meanwhile, use a clean electric mixer to beat remaining butter, brown sugar and golden syrup in a bowl until well combined. Add the remaining flour, remaining cornflour, remaining rice flour and custard powder. Stir with a wooden spoon until dough just comes together. Turn onto a lightly floured surface. Gently knead until smooth. Divide into 2 even portions. Shape each into a disc. Cover with plastic wrap. Place in the fridge for 30 mins to chill.
To make the forward-facing bunny biscuits, roll out 1 portion of each dough on a lightly floured surface to a 5mm-thick disc. Trace a 12cm-tall bunny shape on baking paper and use as a template to cut shapes from the dough, reserving excess. Place on lined trays. Place a chocolate egg on each biscuit, carefully folding the arms over to secure.
Roll out each reserved excess dough on a lightly floured surface to a 5mm-thick disc. Cut small teardrop shapes from the dough and arrange on the biscuits to make ears. Place in the fridge for 15 mins to chill.
Bake for 12-15 mins or until light golden. Set aside on trays for 5 mins to cool slightly. Transfer to a wire rack.
To make rear-facing bunny biscuits, roll out each remaining dough portion on a lightly floured surface to a 5mm-thick disc. Use the bunny template to cut shapes from the dough, reserving excess. Place on the lined trays.
Roll out each reserved dough on a lightly floured surface to a 5mm-thick disc. Use a 1cm heart-shaped pastry cutter to cut shapes from the dough. Arrange on the biscuits to make tails. Place in the fridge for 15 mins to chill.
Bake for 12-15 mins or until light golden. Set aside on trays to cool.
Decorate biscuits with writing icing.
(+ chilling & cooling time).
Serves are per biscuit without chocolate eggs and icing.


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You are here: Home / Family Freedom Caller / January 2019
January 30, 2019—Opponents of Homeschooling Call for Regulation
January 22, 2019—Europe Rules Against Homeschooling
January 15, 2019—Standing in the Gap (4 Hours of CPS Interrogation)
January 8, 2019—Battle for Free Speech
Opponents of Homeschooling Call for Regulation
Last year, I wrote a response to a call by an out-of-state group for stricter regulation of homeschooling in Texas. This group sought to capitalize on a horrible situation involving a homeschool graduate in Texas, arguing that it justified regulation of Texas families.
This same group is now arguing for more regulation in Michigan, claiming once again that children would be safer if homeschooling was regulated.
The Mackinac Center for Public Policy responded with the same arguments that we've been making: the evidence for the problem which they say exists simply is not there. Furthermore, their solution would make matters worse for many law-abiding families.
The bogus allegation that allowing families freedom to homeschool without government restrictions somehow endangers children is entirely unsupported by the facts. In reality, the data indicates that abuse or neglect among homeschool families is less likely than among other families.
We believe that a loving family home is the best environment for children. As we continue to celebrate the freedom that families have in Texas, our team in Austin is on the ground full time interfacing with legislators and making sure that groups advocating regulation for homeschoolers get no traction in Texas.
Please pray for us and sign up for updates to stay informed. Text TXHOMESCHOOL to 67076 to receive updates on issues that affect the freedom of families to raise their children.
Read the rest of The Family Freedom Caller, including Tim's Weekly Tweets
Europe Rules Against Homeschooling
Germany's opposition to homeschooling continues. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in France struck down an appeal by a German family who had their children removed from their care in 2013 for homeschooling. The same court has previously supported Germany's right to deny families the freedom to teach their children at home.
Germany says families do not have the right to homeschool and they fear that families might undermine the country by creating a parallel culture.
In 2013, 33 police officers and seven youth officials stormed the family's home, removed the children and placed them in a children's home for three weeks.
The court ruled that "enforcement of compulsory school attendance, to prevent social isolation of the applicants' children and ensure their integration into society, was a relevant reason for justifying the partial withdrawal of parental authority."
Yes, the court said that Germany was justified in taking children from parents to prevent them from homeschooling—to make sure they weren't isolated and they were properly integrated into society. How often do homeschoolers hear the socialization question?
Germany believes the state rather than families should make decisions for children, and there are those in Europe who believe that at large. After all, the ECHR is located in France.
This is just another example of why families are more and more concerned about the growing mentality that the state should control the children rather than families.
THSC believes that families have a God-given right to raise their children as they see fit … not the state. Sign up for our legislative updates to stay informed about issues related to homeschooling and the right of families to raise their children during the 2019 legislative session.
Standing in the Gap (4 Hours of CPS Interrogation)
Between Christmas and New Year's celebrations, we at THSC were reminded of that old saying that "the price of freedom is eternal vigilance"… or was it "no good deed goes unpunished?"
A THSC member family called us after they were contacted by Child Protective Services (CPS). They anticipated this when a counselor whom they had sent their son to for help had asked if his parents spanked him. She raised her eyebrows when he said yes.
She followed up with the question of whether those spankings ever left a mark. When the child answered that sometimes it did, she said, "That's child abuse."
In response to their call, THSC attorney Chris Branson gave this member family extensive legal counsel on how to prepare for potential problems. On a day when most families were still enjoying their Christmas break, the family, with a THSC attorney present, spent four hours being interrogated by a CPS caseworker.
I'm happy to say that it looks like that will be the end of the investigation.
This family, like most of us, never thought something like this would happen to them, but it did.
It was a traumatic situation, especially for the children who were afraid they would be taken from their home. However, our staff and legal counsel helped this family understand the law and gave them comfort that they had done nothing wrong. We were with them throughout the ordeal, even during the holidays.
I am so grateful for THSC members and donors who make it possible for THSC to stand in the gap for families like the one I just described. We stand in the gap with information, intervention with state and federal agencies, and, when necessary, legal representation.
I can't emphasize this enough:
This is all because we are supported by members, donors and prayer warriors who believe as we do that families have a God-given right to raise their children as they see fit.
CPS Reform: A Top Priority in Austin
I'm about to join our legislative team in Austin for the 86th Texas Legislative Session and one of the items on our agenda is legislation to reform CPS and protect innocent families. We'll also be on the lookout for legislation that would be detrimental to Texas families.
To quote another favorite saying, "No man's life, liberty or property is safe while the legislature is in session."
Thanks again for your prayers and support. Sign up for updates as events develop in Austin.
Battle for Free Speech
THSC has sued the Texas Ethics Commission (TEC) in two lawsuits since 2014. In 2014 this rogue agency refused to clarify ambiguous rules regulating what non-profits like THSC could do when participating in "political speech." TEC's refusal to clarify the rules meant that TEC potentially had the ability to regulate what THSC can say or do.
The landmark Citizens United U.S. Supreme Court decision in 2010 upheld the First Amendment right of non-profit groups to express opinions in political campaigns. However, the TEC's rules were specifically designed to intimidate non-profit groups into avoiding political speech out of fear of regulation.
What's the real story?
Intimidation Begins
In 2015, the TEC began a year-long discussion to adopt more rules that would have resulted in more intimidation and the chilling of free speech. The TEC refused to listen to concerns raised by our legal counsel and instead insisted in a public meeting that they would simply pass the rules and "let the courts sort it out."
The agency's proposed rules were so ridiculous that one version would have required non-profits like THSC to report volunteer hours and office expenses that were connected with THSC's election work as if they were monetary political expenditures.
These rules would have inflated THSC's actual political expenditures by more than 200 percent, putting THSC above a spending threshold that would require the disclosure of all THSC members to the state and to the public.
That's not all…
In the meantime, the TEC pursued actions against another non-profit that went on for over four years. The agency abruptly dropped its suit when arguments went so badly before the 3rd Court of Appeals that the agency had to scramble to avoid a negative ruling from the court.
THSC went to court in Austin in 2016 to challenge the TEC's unconstitutional rules and appealed the ruling of the Austin court who dismissed the case. In November of 2017, we appealed to the 3rd Court of Appeals after the District Court in Austin rejected the case.
A year later, the 3rd Court of Appeals stated that THSC and other non-profits could not be pursued as political action committees because they did not meet the statutory definition of such groups, and dismissed the case. This ruling protects all non-profits who participate in political speech like THSC.
THSC's ability to defend freedom for Texas families depends on our ability to speak openly about what the state is doing to threaten those freedoms. Sign up for our updates to receive notifications about what threats and opportunities are coming during the 2019 legislative session.
Tim's Tweets
News About Homeschooling and Parental Rights in Texas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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MSL-Cardinal Division: Fisher Catholic looking for redemption
Tom Wilson
Lancaster Eagle Gazette
LANCASTER – Motivation can sometimes make all the difference in a team, especially in Fisher Catholic's case.
The Irish were in the midst of a banner season a year ago and entered the Division IV tournament as the top-seed, and whether they overlooked rival Fairfield Christian Academy or not, the bottom line, they played one of their worst games of the season and were upset by three points in a district semifinal to a Knights' team that entered the tournament with only seven wins.
"Walking into that locker room after that game and seeing the tears from kids that I didn't expect to see tears from, it meant a lot more to them than maybe even what I had thought," second-year Fisher Catholic coach Shawn Brown said. "That is motivation for them this year. We talk about three points every day in our practice. A game that we play so bad and hit no shots and everything went wrong, we still only lost by three points. Those three points is one possession of not hustling back, it's an offensive rebound, it's dribbling off your foot walking the ball up the court. That one possession can be the difference of advancing our going home."
Even though Fisher Catholic lost a ton of senior to graduation, the Irish still have enough talent returning to keep them competitive.
Fisher Catholic will be senior-led with nine of them on the roster and four juniors. Seniors Daniel Turner, Jayden Boyden and Bailey Francis and junior Jayden Boyden all saw major minutes, while Carter Brady and Peyton Shockley and Max Shaw came off the bench a year ago and should contribute even more this season.
"We are going to be a different type of team this year, and the main thing is I think we are going to be a better defensive team," Brown said. "We are also 11 deep, which is not something I expected. To be honest, I can't pick a starting lineup right now. We are going push the ball more because we have some creative guards that are great penetrators so we going to try and get to the rim a lot.
"Last year we settled for a lot of threes, and even though we have some shooters this year we aren't going to stand and shoot threes like we did last year. We are going to try and get more motion and finish at the basket and get to the free throw more. I like the energy of this team and just have to make sure we move the ball, don't stand around, read the defense and just play. Defensively, we have to get down and guard people and hang our hat on that."
Fairfield Christian Academy
The Knights shocked everyone a year ago when they entered the tournament with only seven wins and then proceeded to knock off the top two seeds – Fisher Catholic and Tree of Life – to win a Division IV district championship.
Even though Fairfield Christian loses sharpshooting guard Caleb Collins, there seems to be enough in place to allow the Knights to reach more than seven regular-season wins.
Senior Bradly Anderson, who played a big part in the Knights' amazing tournament run, returns and will be counted on to take over the scoring load. Expect juniors Blaine Keener and Cameron Collins freshman Jared Rose to contribute heavily, as well.
Berne Union
After losing several close games a year ago, the Rockets could surprise a lot of people this season with return of several key players. Finishing games will be the key and they are off to a good start after a 25-point road win over Madison Christian to start the season.
Berne Union will be led by Zane Mirgon, who helped lead the Rockets into the playoffs for the first time in 11 years. He is an outstanding athlete who brings a steady presence on the floor.
Brock Unger should provide even more scoring and point guard Chase McCartney returns and looks to be primed for an outstanding season. Junior Jacob Harmon gives the Rockets another scoring option.
The Lakers, which went 5-17 a year ago, will have the tough task of replacing all-district guard and 1,000-point scorer Zane Purvis, who was a four-year starter who not only could score but get other people involved, as well.
Picking up the slack this year will be his younger brothers, Mason and Carter Purvis, as well junior guard Chase Hines.
With those three players taking on bigger roles, it might take Millersport some time to gel, and it is never easy in the Mid-State League-Cardinal Division with teams like Harvest Prep, Worthington Christian, Bishop Rosecrans Wellington, Fisher Catholic and Fairfield Christian.
twilson@lancastereaglegazette.com
Twitter: @twil2323


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Breed health monitoring reminder
Kennel Club reminds judges of breed health monitoring process
Published on 13 January 2022 at 4:55pm
The Kennel Club has issued a reminder to championship show judges of Breed Watch category two and three breeds that they must complete a judges' breed health monitoring form following an appointment at Challenge Certificate level.
Breed Watch enables anyone involved in the world of dogs, but particularly dog show judges, to note any visible points of concern which they should take into consideration and penalise when judging the breed. This is essential towards preventing the introduction of health and welfare concerns that are detrimental to a dog's wellbeing as well as maintaining high standards of health in the show ring.
To ensure the health and welfare of pedigree dogs continues to improve, The Kennel Club is reminding all judges of category two and three breeds to complete a health monitoring form following CC appointments. The breed health monitoring form can be found on The Kennel Club website.
This mandatory form plays an integral role in influencing the future development of a breed, as well as contributing to the process of health monitoring. For ease of reference, the online breed health monitoring form is tailored to each category two or three breed and includes each breed's specific points of concern. Once complete, the online form will be sent to The Kennel Club Health department and reviewed by the Dog Health Group.
Judges are strongly recommended to familiarise themselves with the published breed-specific points of concern prior to their appointment and must complete and send the health monitoring form to The Kennel Club after their appointment. Further information regarding individual breeds and helpful reference materials to assist with the completion of this mandatory form can be found by visiting the Breed Watch section of The Kennel Club website. A Breed Watch Illustrated Guide can also be purchased by on The Kennel Club website.
Judges of category one breeds will still be able to access the optional form in the back of the judging book but this will not be applicable to category two or three breeds.


4031) OFFERS BABY BEARDED DRAGONS AND MANY OTHER ANIMALS.
unique livestock finds for pet specialty retailers.
Visitors to the Critter Alley Neighbor- hood will discover a variety of livestock on display, from fish, amphibians and invertebrates to rabbits, guinea pigs and parrots. Exhibitors display their livestock in units designed by North American Pet, and each space also includes a booth where attendees can learn more about each of the wholesale companies.
Among new debuts are freshwater stingrays from Center for Stingray Biology (booths 4012 and 4013), a division of Not Just Fish operating as a DBA, in Los Angeles.


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The quality of your tires is extremely important, especially during adverse weather conditions and at high speeds. If you neglect to have your tires inspected regularly, you may be taking a risk. A car's handling largely depends on the quality of its tires, and if yours are deflated or damaged, you may notice that your car does not steer and respond as well as usual. At Meineke, we offer unsurpassed tire change service and tire rotation service to all drivers. Contact your nearest location in Largo FL Meineke #2408 to learn more about keeping your tires functional.
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No one enjoys having to pay for auto repairs, but it can be easier to handle if you have the right provider. When it comes to the care of your tires, we at Meineke offer regular coupons to help you save on things such as a tire rotation cost. Simply check the Meineke #2408 web page frequently to looks for saving such as tire rotation coupons and other specials. No matter what tire service you may need in Largo, FL, we can help you save on it.


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Jobs for G.I.s
In Los Angeles, five vets separate from the military and struggle with re-entry into civilian life.
Watch Jobs for G.I.s
Z-Channel Films
Jobs for G.I.s trailer on Vimeo
Public Affairs, Social Issues, Cultural History, and Contemporary Issues
"Jobs for G.I.s" documents the struggles vets face finding a job when they separate from the military. Set in Los Angeles, which has the largest veteran population in the country, the film follows the journeys of five vets - one each from the Army, Marines, Navy, and two from the Air Force - as they try to overcome unique obstacles and launch new careers in the civilian world.
Steve Dorst ... Director, Producer, Writer, Editor
Prod. Co.
Years of Production
Los Angeles, San Diego
Prod. Partners
Dorst MediaWorks
Distribution Details
Broadcast (Prod.)
DirecTV / AT&T
Broadcast (Acq.)
Browse documentary films on The D-Word


The European Commission should facilitate the introduction of biological low-risk pesticides into the European Market, MEP Miriam Dalli said while addressing the plenary session of the European Parliament on behalf of the Socialists & Democrats.
The use of conventional pesticides has been in the spotlight for the past months, as awareness increased on the risk they pose to public health, ecological biodiversity and environment.
Faced with this reality, one needs to push forward different alternatives based on the need to reach a balance in agricultural ecosystems, to minimise the use of traditional pesticides, and to promote the use of biological alternatives.
Maltese MEP Miriam Dalli noted that biological low-risk pesticides could be a viable alternative to these traditional plant protection products, as they would contribute to sustainable agriculture and greater peace of mind for consumers.
'This is an adequate solution to the problem of pesticides, but the current regulatory framework, both at an EU and Member State level, obstruct the promotion of these biological alternatives due to the slow process of authorisation and evaluation, thus contributing to the limited availability in the market. This is why I urge the Commission to make the necessary steps to reduce these market-entry obstacles," Miriam Dalli said.
The Labour MEP added that the EU should also spur further research and innovation on similar low-risk bio products for plant protection.
'At the end of the day we are speaking about the future of agriculture as well as the health of each and everyone of us,' Miriam Dalli concluded.
Biological low-risk pesticides are usually composed of natural substances derived from animals, plants, bacteria and other minerals. They normally target specific pests thus reducing risks to beneficial insects and birds, and are non-toxic to people and environment.
Through this vote, the European Parliament is urging the Commission to legislate in favour of fast-tracking the evaluation, authorisation and registration of low-risk pesticides, before the end of 2018.


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Die Balkanhalbinsel (auch kurz Balkan, oft synonym mit Südosteuropa verwendet) ist eine geographisch nicht eindeutig definierte Halbinsel im Südosten Europas. Sie ragt in das Mittelmeer und ist nach dem Balkangebirge benannt. Der größte Staat auf der Halbinsel ist Griechenland, gefolgt von Bulgarien (in dem sich der Großteil des Balkangebirges befindet), Serbien, Bosnien und Herzegowina, Albanien, Nordmazedonien, Montenegro und dem Kosovo. Die Staatsgebiete von Serbien, Kroatien, Rumänien, Slowenien und der Türkei, die durch ihre thrakischen Provinzen Anteil am Balkan hat, reichen über die Grenzen der Balkanhalbinsel hinaus.

Ungeachtet der Herleitung des geographischen Namens sind das dominierende Gebirge des Balkans die Dinariden im westlichen Teil der Halbinsel; ihr höchster Gipfel Jezerca () liegt in Albanien. Die höchste Erhebung des Balkans ist der Gipfel Musala () im Rila-Gebirge. Das Balkangebirge erreicht  maximale Gipfelhöhe.

Dieser Teil Europas ist kulturell und sprachlich stark gegliedert. Im Kern umfasst der Begriff "Balkan" diejenigen europäischen Staaten, die von der Zugehörigkeit zu Byzanz und später zum Osmanischen Reich geprägt wurden.

Etymologie
Der Begriff "Balkan" stammt möglicherweise von den Protobulgaren, welche damit dieses Gebiet als Teil des Ersten Bulgarischen Reiches bezeichneten. Auf Bulgarisch wird das Wort балкан umgangssprachlich für Gebirge verwendet. Vermutlich lässt es sich auf die persischen Worte bālkāneh oder bālākhāna mit der Bedeutung "hoch, oben" oder "hochgelegenes Haus" zurückführen.

Der Name "Balkan" wurde während der osmanischen Herrschaft in die türkische Sprache übernommen. Die Bedeutungen auf Türkisch sind gemäß dem Institut für die türkische Sprache verschieden und das Wort kann unter anderem folgendes bezeichnen: "eine steile Gebirgskette", "Gebiet(e) mit vielen Bäumen, Sträuchern und Büschen", "Berg(e) mit vielen Wäldern". Ferner kann es auch "Gebiete mit (weiten, flachen) (Hoch-)Tälern" oder "Schlamm, der sich durch Schneeschmelze, Tauwetter und Regen bildet" bedeuten.

Ferner gibt es auch in Turkmenistan verschiedene Orte mit dem Bestandteil "Balkan" im Namen, so den Großen Balkan (, dt. "Gebirgskette"), die turkmenische Provinz Balkan welaýaty und deren Hauptstadt Balkanabat. Der Begriff "Balkan" oder "Balkanhalbinsel" wurde auch in folgende Sprachen übernommen, von denen die meisten eben zu diesem Gebiet gehören:

 : Gadishulli Ballkanik oder Siujdhesa e Ballkanit
 : Balkansko poluostrvo oder Balkanski poluotok
 : Балкански полуостров (Balkanski poluostrov)
 : Балкански Полуостров (Balkanski Poluostrov)
 : Balkanski poluotok
 : Βαλκανική χερσόνησος (Valkanikí chersónisos)
 : Penisola balcanica
 : Peninsula Balcanică
 serbisch: Балканско полуострво (Balkansko poluostrvo)
 : Balkanski polotok
 : Balkan Yarımadası
 : Balkán-félsziget
 : Penìxoła balcànega

Der türkische Begriff Balkanlar (Plural von "Balkan") bezeichnet heute die "Region, die (die Gebiete) Kroatien, Serbien, Montenegro, Kosovo, Slowenien, Albanien, Nordmazedonien, Bosnien und Herzegowina, Bulgarien, Rumänien, Griechenland und Thrakien umfasst". Auch heute noch bezeichnet der Name Balkanlar in der Türkei oder türkischen Sprache die Regionen, welche ebendiese Länder beinhalten.

In größerem Umfang erschien die Bezeichnung Balkan erst ab der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in wissenschaftlichen Publikationen. Früheste Auslöser waren zwei Publikationen aus den Jahren 1808 und 1831. Erstere stammte von dem deutschen Geographen Johann August Zeune, der von der "Balkanhalbinsel" schrieb, letztere von dem britischen Major George Thomas Keppel, der 1831 sein Narrative of a Journey across the Balcan publizierte.

Balkanhalbinsel als Region

Der "Balkanhalbinsel"-Begriff
Die Bezeichnung "Balkanhalbinsel" wurde 1808 vom Geographen Johann August Zeune geprägt. Er übernahm die Vorstellung antiker Geographen, dass sich das Balkangebirge über den gesamten südosteuropäischen Raum von den slowenischen Alpen bis zum Schwarzen Meer erstrecke und eine ähnlich prägende Bedeutung für den Gesamtraum habe wie der Apennin für die Italienische Halbinsel. Dies stellte sich jedoch als falsch heraus. Nachdem die Unhaltbarkeit dieser Annahme erkannt worden war, stießen die Begriffe "Balkanhalbinsel" oder "Hämus-Halbinsel" auf zunehmende Kritik. 1893 regte der Geograph Theobald Fischer an, den Begriff "Balkanhalbinsel" durch "Südosteuropäische Halbinsel" zu ersetzen. Sein Vorschlag hat sich nur teilweise durchsetzen können.

Balkanländer
Der Begriff Balkanländer benennt summarisch mehrere Länder, deren Gemeinsamkeit darin besteht, dass ihre heutigen Territorien jahrhundertelang im Spannungsfeld zwischen Österreich, Russland und dem Osmanischen Reich lagen. Die dadurch bedingten häufigen Gebietsveränderungen und Umsiedlungen oder Vertreibungen ließen den Staat als Repräsentanten wechselnder Fremdherrscher erscheinen, der keine Loyalität erwarten durfte.

In den südosteuropäischen Staaten Rumänien, Bulgarien, Griechenland, Albanien, Kosovo, Nordmazedonien, Serbien, Montenegro, Kroatien, Bosnien und Herzegowina und Slowenien wohnen zusammen fast 66 Millionen Menschen (Fischer Weltalmanach 2010). Hinzu kommen acht bis zehn Millionen Einwohner des europäischen Teils der Türkei, insgesamt leben also etwa 75 Millionen Menschen auf der Balkanhalbinsel.

Der "Balkan"-Begriff
Der Begriff "Balkan" wird in Westeuropa im Hinblick auf Konnotationen wie Zersplitterung, Konfliktträchtigkeit ("Pulverfass Europas"), Rückständigkeit, Korruption und übermäßige Emotionalität oft abwertend gebraucht. Metternich meinte, der Balkan beginne schon am Rennweg in Wien-Landstraße. Bismarck wird der Spruch nachgesagt, der Balkan sei "nicht die Knochen eines einzigen pommerschen Grenadiers wert". Winston Churchill bezeichnete den Balkan, als sich dieser nach dem deutschen Balkanfeldzug in der Hand des Dritten Reiches befand, als "Europas weichen Unterleib".

"Balkanische Zustände" werden mit Chaos, Gewalt, Korruption, Rückständigkeit und Brutalität gleichgesetzt und dem "zivilisierten" Europa gegenübergestellt. Diese Konnotation erfolgt regelmäßig auch in den Grenzräumen der Region, zum Beispiel in Kroatien und Rumänien. In der Kernregion selbst geht man mit dem Begriff mit weniger Vorbehalten um. So wurde im Jahr 1909 von den dortigen sozialdemokratischen Parteien eine föderative Balkanrepublik, 1934 zwischen der Türkei, Griechenland und Jugoslawien ein Balkanpakt zum Zweck der Machtabsicherung geschaffen.

Als wertneutraler Begriff bürgert sich nicht zuletzt aus diesen Gründen immer mehr der (geographisch nicht ganz deckungsgleiche) Terminus Südosteuropa ein. In einigen der sogenannten Balkanländer ist die Bezeichnung Balkan aber bisweilen ein durchaus positiv besetzter Begriff: In Bulgarien etwa ist Balkan Namensbestandteil vieler Unternehmen und touristischer Einrichtungen, wobei sich Balkan hier häufig auf das Balkangebirge bezieht, und Bulgaren pflegen ein recht positives Verhältnis zu ihrer "Balkan-Identität". Ein Grund hierfür dürfte die Tatsache sein, dass das Balkangebirge über Jahrhunderte als Zufluchtsort verschiedener bulgarischer Freiheitskämpfer diente, wie beispielsweise der Heiducken im Kampf gegen die osmanische Herrschaft. Der neuere, überwiegend im Kontext der Europäischen Union verwendete Begriff "Westbalkan" umfasst die Nachfolgestaaten Jugoslawiens ohne Slowenien, jedoch um Albanien ergänzt.

Anders ist die Situation in Kroatien, Ungarn oder Slowenien: Als ehemalige Bestandteile Österreich-Ungarns fühlen sich viele Bürger dieser Staaten mit traditionell katholischer Bevölkerungsmehrheit dem so genannten mitteleuropäischen Kulturkreis verbunden und distanzieren sich vom Balkan. Meistenteils distanziert sich auch Rumänien, dessen Fläche ungefähr zur Hälfte zu Österreich-Ungarn gehörte und zumindest durch die nördliche Dobrudscha auch in der Balkanregion vertreten ist, von dem geographischen Begriff. Auch Griechenland wird zumeist zu Südeuropa gezählt. Dennoch nehmen ebenso Slowenien, Kroatien, Ungarn, Rumänien und Moldau wie auch Bosnien-Herzegowina, Montenegro, Serbien, Nordmazedonien, Albanien, Griechenland, Bulgarien und die Türkei an den Balkanspielen, einem jährlich abgehaltenen Sportwettkampf (vornehmlich Leichtathletik), teil.

Kulturelle Einflüsse
Die nach Osten hin offenen Küsten und die Durchgängigkeit des Nordens machen den Balkan von jeher zu einer wichtigen Brücke zwischen Asien und Europa, aber auch immer wieder zum Schauplatz von Konflikten, Kriegen und ethnischen Unruhen.

Zahlreiche historische Staaten spielten in der Kultur und Geschichte dieser Region eine bedeutende Rolle. Dazu gehörten das Römische und das Byzantinische Reich sowie später das Osmanische Reich, die Republik Venedig und Österreich-Ungarn. Auch Russland betrachtete auf Grund des dort verbreiteten orthodoxen Glaubens den Balkan häufig als sein Einflussgebiet, wobei es dabei ebenso wie andere genannte Länder auch territoriale Interessen verfolgte.

Da dieser Raum im 15. Jahrhundert endgültig unter die osmanische Herrschaft fiel, verstärkte sich auch die südosteuropäische Binnengrenze zwischen dem ungarisch-venezianisch beherrschten katholischen Raum und dem politisch und religiös nach Konstantinopel ausgerichteten Balkan. Mehr als die Hälfte der Einwohner aller Balkanstaaten hängt einer der orthodoxen Kirchen an. Im Westen der Balkanhalbinsel dominiert jedoch das römisch-katholische Christentum.

Zwischen Katholiken und Orthodoxen leben zudem zahlreiche vor allem slawische, albanische und türkische Muslime, insgesamt etwa ein Viertel aller Einwohner der Halbinsel. Unter den Muslimen sind sufische Bruderschaften sehr verbreitet. Die größten Bruderschaften sind die Halvetiyye und Bektaschiyye. Daneben haben aber auch die Qādirīya, Rifai und Naqschbandīya viele Tekkes auf der Balkanhalbinsel. Der Qādirīya-Orden verbreitete sich im 17. Jahrhundert von Anatolien her, wo er schon im 15. Jahrhundert von dem Dichter und Mystiker Eşref Rumi (gest. 1469) eingeführt worden war.

Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs und des Holocausts wurden die Juden auf dem Balkan, mit Ausnahme in Bulgarien und Albanien, verfolgt und ermordet. Die wenigen Überlebenden wanderten in den 1948 neu proklamierten Staat Israel aus. Kein Balkanland hat – abgesehen von der Türkei – heute noch eine nennenswerte jüdisch-sephardische oder jüdisch-aschkenasische Minderheit.

Geographie

Lage und Begrenzung
Die Halbinsel hat eine Fläche von etwa 500.000 Quadratkilometern, einschließlich der vorgelagerten Inseln. Sie wird nach Westen durch das Adriatische Meer, nach Südwesten durch das Ionische Meer, nach Südosten durch die Ägäis und das Marmarameer und nach Osten durch das Schwarze Meer begrenzt.

Nach Norden, zum Inneren des europäischen Kontinents hin, existiert keine geographisch ausgeprägte Grenzlinie. Als nördliche Grenze der Balkanhalbinsel werden in der Regel die Flüsse Donau und Save angenommen. Unterschiedliche Auffassungen gibt es hinsichtlich der Abgrenzung im äußersten Nordwesten und am Unterlauf der Donau. So wird gelegentlich die Kupa (deutsch: Kulpa), zumeist aber die Una (beides Nebenflüsse der Save) als Nordwestgrenze betrachtet. Im ersten Fall wird Zentralkroatien bzw. das Gebiet der ehemaligen kroatischen Militärgrenze zum Balkan gerechnet, im zweiten Fall nicht. Eine andere gängige Definition sieht den Golf von Triest und das Ljubljana-Tal als Nordwestbegrenzung der Balkanhalbinsel, welche über die Save und Donau dann auch bis ans Schwarze Meer verläuft.

Die Wahl der Donau-Save-Kupa-Linie als Nordgrenze ist willkürlich. Sie ist historisch gerechtfertigt, weil die so gekennzeichnete Fläche (zusammen mit Rumänien und ohne Montenegro, Dalmatien und den Ionischen Inseln) den größten Teil des europäischen Territoriums des Osmanischen Reiches vom späten 15. bis ins 19. Jahrhundert bildete. Der Fluss Kupa bildet die natürliche Grenze zwischen Slowenien und Kroatien im Südosten, die Save trennt Kroatien und Bosnien, und die Donau, der zweitgrößte europäische Fluss (nach der Wolga), bildet eine natürliche Grenze zwischen Bulgarien, Serbien und Rumänien.

Zum Balkan-Begriff zählt man manchmal auch die Walachei und Moldawien hinzu (wobei es zu Überlappungen zwischen dem geographischen und dem historisch-politischen Balkan-Begriff kommt). Selten wird auch die direkte Luftlinie zwischen Triest und Odessa als Abgrenzung verwendet.

Relief

Die Balkanhalbinsel besitzt ein ausgeprägtes Relief und verfügt aufgrund der vorhandenen Gebirgshindernisse über nur wenige natürliche Verkehrswege. Einzig die strategisch herausragende Morava-Vardar-Furche durchzieht die zentrale Balkanhalbinsel zwischen der Ägäis und der Donau in ihrer Gänze. Parallel zur Südwestküste der gebirgigen Halbinsel bildet das Dinarische Gebirge einen großteils verkarsteten, schwer zugänglichen Gebirgswall, der sowohl eine markante Klima- als auch Kulturscheide zur mediterranen Region darstellt.

Ein Nebeneinander von Hochgebirgen und Beckenlandschaften kennzeichnet das Innere der Balkanhalbinsel. Dabei sind die Becken entweder als Poljen (kroatisch, serbisch, bosnisch und slowenisch für "Feld") im Karst angelegt (beispielsweise Mitteldalmatinisch-Herzegowinische Poljenstufe) oder tektonische Einsenkungen wie im Kosovo (Rrafsh i Dukagjinit/Metochien, Amselfeld), Nordmazedonien (Becken von Skopje, Kumanovo, Bitola und Tetovo) sowie den seenreichen, pelargonischen Becken (Ohrid, Prespa, Dojran und Ioannina). Ebenen sind in der albanischen Niederung, der slawonischen (Save-)Niederung, sowie den weiten Alluvialflächen der Donau ausgebildet. Als alte Kulturregion wurden die Städte zumeist an geographisch begünstigten Orten der Küsten und Flüsse gegründet. Die antike Stadtkultur entstammt den politisch-geographischen und kulturellen Gegebenheiten Griechenlands und wurde von den Römern systematisch auf die weiteren Bereiche der Balkanhalbinsel verbreitet. Eine urbane Erneuerung außerhalb der Kontinuität der kaufmännischen Seestädte erfolgt nach der Völkerwanderung aber erst durch das Auftauchen der Osmanen, die insbesondere die zentralen Bereiche der Balkanhalbinsel systematisch in ihr Wirtschaftssystem einbinden konnten.

Gebirgssysteme und Geologie
Die Balkanhalbinsel ist eine ausgesprochene Gebirgsregion. Jungalpidische Gebirge streichen von Nordwesten nach Südosten (Dinarisch-Hellenidischer Gebirgsbogen) und gehören zum das Mittelmeer umgebenden Faltengebirgsgürtel. Kristalline Massen, die geologisch älter und aus wasserundurchlässigen Graniten sowie Schiefern nebst Kalken aufgebaut sind, werden von den Rhodopen sowie Pirin, Rila und dem Balkangebirge gebildet. Höchste Gipfel finden sich im Rila (Musala ), Olymp (Mytikas ) und Pirin (Wichren ). Die stark verkarsteten Dinariden (Jezerca ) und Helleniden (im Pindos: Smolikas ) liegen den Küsten am Mittelmeer vor und bilden damit ausgesprochene Klima- und Kulturscheiden.

Küsten
Sowohl die Westküste (Slowenien, Kroatien, Bosnien und Herzegowina, Montenegro, Albanien, Griechenland) wie auch die Ostküste der Balkanhalbinsel (Rumanien, Bulgarien, Türkei, Griechenland) sind stark zerklüftet und in zahlreiche Inseln und Halbinseln aufgelöst. Die reich gegliederte Küstenregion Dalmatiens ist als Canaleküste, die griechische Ägäisküste als Riasküste, die Küsten zum Schwarzen Meer sowie die in Albanien sind dann als Niederungsküsten ausgebildet.

Zwischen den im Dinarischen Karst überwiegend kahlen, nur dünn besiedelten Gebirgen liegen zahlreiche mehr oder weniger fruchtbare Becken in Form von Karst bzw. Poljen (Grahovo, Nikšić). Erst die auffälligen großen tektonisch angelegten Becken des Kosovo sowie die Becken in Nordmazedonien (Pelargonisches Becken) mit ihren großen Seen tertiären Ursprungs (Ohridsee, Prespasee) bilden wirtschaftlich und geographisch bedeutsame Lebensräume, die dicht besiedelt sind.

Gewässer
Die hydrologischen Systeme entwässern unterschiedlich stark in die angrenzenden Meere. Ein Großteil der Fließgewässer gehört zum Einzugsbereich des Schwarzen Meeres. Das adriatische Einzugsgebiet ist arm an oberflächlichen Fließgewässern (in den Dinariden nur Cetina, Neretva und Morača), zur Adria und Ägäis entwässern dagegen noch Drin, Nestos, Struma, Vardar und Mariza. Die wichtigsten der zahlreichen Nebenflüsse der Donau und Save sind Kupa, Bosna, Drina, Morava und Iskar.

Drei Einzugsgebieten, dem adriatischen, ägäischen und schwarzmeerischen hydrologisch zugehörend, sind insbesondere die wasserreichen Donauzuflüsse, die – mit Ausnahme des Tieflandstromes der Save – durch Schluchten und Canyons (Drina, Tara, Iskar) führen, von Bedeutung. Der Karpatendurchbruch der Donau im Eisernen Tor war bis ins 20. Jahrhundert ein bedeutendes Schifffahrtshindernis. Die zur Adria entwässernden Flüsse sind mit Ausnahme von Neretva und Morača, die in tiefen Canyons die Schwelle der Hochdinariden durchbrechen, von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Die größeren Gebirgsflusssysteme in Albanien und Griechenland (Drin, Vardar und Nestos) fließen in den Unterläufen durch weite alluviale Niederungen.

Die drei größten Seen der Halbinsel sind der Skutarisee (maximale Größe 570 km²), der Ohridsee (362 km²) und der Prespasee (273 km²), die sich alle im südwestlichen Teil des Balkan befinden.

Klima
Die Balkanhalbinsel liegt am Übergang von der mediterranen zur kontinentalen Klimazone. Auf zwei Seiten vom Meer umgeben, nimmt die Ozeanität durch die im Westen der Halbinsel an der Küste exponiert der Westwindzone ausgesetzten Gebirge vom Küstensaum zum Landesinneren rapide ab. Damit ist das Klima schon in kürzerer Entfernung von der Meeresküste durch stärkere Kontinentalität und schneereiche Winter geprägt.

Die durch die Gebirgssysteme vor allem hygrisch und ventilatorisch stärker veränderten solaren Klimate der Balkanhalbinsel werden durch lokale, mesoskalige und makroskalig wirksame, das Klima stark modifizierende, Windesysteme geprägt. Darunter fallen die durch die Topographie bedingten Leewellen wie die kalte Bora und der warme Föhn, die vor allem im Gebirge wirksam sind, sowie die durch Unterschiede der Luftdruckgradienten bewirkten saisonalen makroskaligen Windsysteme der Košava, Meltemi und des Scirocco.

Die Gebirge des Balkans gliedern sich klimatisch in humid-temperate, submediterrane und mediterrane sowie subhumid-kontinentale Typen. Edaphische Abweichungen der generellen Typen ergeben sich in Karstgebieten in ansonsten humiden Klimaten. Zudem reihen sich Karstgebirge von den Julischen Alpen zur Peloponnes. Somit sind klimatische und edaphische Faktoren stärker kombiniert als in den Alpen, Pyrenäen oder Karpaten. Karstgebirge des Nordwestens sind generell humid, im Südosten semihumid bis semiarid.

Vegetation

Die Vegetation großer Ökosysteme (phytogeographische Territorien oder Vegetationsgürtel) ist ökologisch, chorologisch und floristisch-entwicklungsgeschichtlich sehr einheitlich. Durch das Relief und die Beziehungen, die sich aus der Lage, insbesondere zu den Meeren, ergeben, erfolgt innerhalb dieser Pflanzenreiche eine aus den klimatischen Faktoren und den Aspekten des Naturraumes differenzierte Vegetationsteilung.

Phytogeographisch ist die Balkanhalbinsel zunächst ein Teil des holarktischen Florenreiches. Sie ist weiter in zirkumboreale, mediterrane und pontische Regionen zu ordnen. Die zirkumboreal (oder submediterran) geprägte zentrale Balkanhalbinsel ist weiter in zwei Florenregion zu teilen, die nach den römischen Provinzen Illyricum und Moesia als illyrische und moesische Florenregion beschrieben werden. Der illyrische Westen ist basophil und ozeanisch geprägt, der moesische Osten acidophil und kontinental geprägt. Die reich gegliederte, dalmatinische Küste, Teile Südalbaniens sowie die Küsten Griechenlands und der Peloponnes gehören zur mediterranen Florenregion. Die Küste Dalmatiens gehört zur adriatischen Provinz der mediterranen Vegetationszone. Die epirotische und ägäische Küste mit den griechischen Inselgruppen sind Teil der ostmediterranen Florenregion. Ein Teil Thrakiens gehört schon zur pontischen Vegetationszone. Damit sind floristische Prinzipien vorgegeben. Unterschiede resultieren aus der Mischung der Horoelemente einzelner Gebiete, die wiederum von naturräumlichen Gegebenheiten und der Vegetationsgeschichte abhängen.

Nach Ost und West unterschieden sind insbesondere kolline Stufen: Illyrien ist Zentrum mesophiler Buchenwälder, die submontan bis subalpin dominieren, während in Moesien subalpine Fichten boreale Wälder bildet; die Eichen im Osten (Quercus frainetto, Zerreiche [Q. cerris]) werden im Westen durch humide Eichen-Hainbuchenwälder (Quercus petrea, Carpinus betulus) ersetzt. Die balkanische Region ist durch viele nur für sie typische (tertiäre) Arten bereichert, so den Griechischen Ahorn (Acer heldreichii), die Serbische Fichte (Picea omorika), die Gewöhnliche Rosskastanie (Aesculus hippocastanum), Corylus colurna, Pinus peuce, Pinus heldreichii, Ramonda serbica oder die Neumayer-Krugfrucht Amphoricarpos neumayerianus.

Durch das ausgeprägte Relief, die vielfältige Topographie und die resultierende klimatische Vielfalt sowie aufgrund der subtropischen Lage und einer damit einhergehenden (im Vergleich zum übrigen Europa höheren) Klimagunst der Erdvergangenheit hat sich auf der Balkanhalbinsel die mit Abstand vielfältigste und artenreichste Vegetation des europäischen Kontinents entwickelt. Die Balkanhalbinsel beherbergt allein über 160 Gehölzarten und mehr als 7000 Kormophyten, von denen allein 3000 endemische Arten sind. Schon Turrill (1929) stellte auf der Balkanhalbinsel 6340 Arten fest. Im Vergleich mit den in der Flora Europaea (1964–1993) aufgeführten 10.500 Arten kommt der Balkanhalbinsel damit eine Schlüsselrolle in der europäischen Vegetationsgeschichte sowie als Endemitenzentrum auch der Rang eines Hotspots der Biodiversität zu. Folgende Konditionen sind dafür anzuführen:
 eine Flora, die viele tertiäre Arten enthält, welche hier die Eiszeiten überleben konnten;
 paläoendemische Relikte;
 Isolation der Landmassen, Inseln und Gebirgsgruppen. Änderungen des Meeresspiegels. Fragmentierung, Isolation und Migration von Arten, Bildung neuer Habitate;
 autonome Evolutionszentren der Nähe zu anderen Florenregionen;
 Einflussnahme des Menschen durch Zerstörung und Wechsel der natürlichen Landbedeckung, Schaffung neuer Habitate und Introduzierung neuer Arten.

Die Genese der balkanischen Flora vollzog sich während tertiärer, glazialer und postglazialer Phasen. Heute treten keine alten mesozoischen Vertreter wie in den Floren Ostasiens oder Argentiniens mehr auf. Der Basisbestand insbesondere der Waldflora ist dennoch seit der Kreide bekannt, so insbesondere die Eichen (Quercus), Buchen (Fagus), Kastanien (Castanea), Erlen (Alnus) und Weiden (Salix). Die thermophilere tertiäre Flora war an tropischen Elementen reicher als heute, wo nur eine kleine Zahl reliktischer Arten (Frauenhaarfarn [Adiantum capillus-veneris]), Gattungen (Yams [Dioscorea]) und Familien (Gesneraceae) überlebt hat. Außertropische tertiäre Formen sind dagegen reichlich vertreten, so Platanengewächse (Platanus), Rosskastanien (Aesculus hippocastanum), Tollkraut (Scopolia), Sibiraea, Thelygonum, Serbische Fichte (Picea omorika), Pinus peuce, Forsythia europaea und der Gemeine Flieder (Syringa vulgaris). Durch die isolierte Stellung – die nächsten Verwandten sind zumeist in Ostasien oder dem vorderen Orient zu finden – und die heterogene phytogeographische Genese, sind alle paläoendemischen Tertiärrelikte ökologisch und horologisch sehr differenzierte Vertreter unterschiedlicher vegetationsgeographischer Einheiten. Ebenfalls seit dem Tertiär erfolgte die Evolution der mediterranen Gebirgsflora, unabhängig arkto-alpiner Einflüsse.

Griechenland als endemitenreichster Teilraum besitzt 1100 endemische Arten. Der Endemismus beruht vor allem auf der hohen Spezifikation der illyrisch-balkanischen Florenprovinz. Die vergleichsweise höhere Artenvielfalt zu Alpen und Pyrenäen, durch größere petrographische Heterogenität als Pyrenäen und gegen die Alpen die Einbettung zwischen Florenprovinzen, macht die komplexen Dinariden zu dem auffälligen Endemitenzentrum mit hohem Artenpotential.

Die illyrische Provinz besitzt vier endemische Gattungen: Petteria, Halacsya, Haberlea, Jankaea. Endemiten sind Picea omorika (Serbien, Bosnien), Pinus peuce (Gebirge zwischen 41°-43° N), Primula deorum (Bulgarien), Saxifraga ferdinandi-coburgii, Petteria ramentacea (Dalmatien, Herzegowina, Montenegro, Nord-Albanien), Oxytropis prenja, Griechischer Ahorn (Acer heldreichii), Forsythia europaea (Nord-Albanien, Kosovo),  Felsen-Moltkie (Moltkia petraea), Wulfenia baldaccii (Montenegro, Nord-Albanien), Haberlea rhodopensis (Bulgarien, Nordost-Griechenland), Ramonda serbica, Jankaea heldreichii (Olymp), Neumayer-Krugfrucht (Amphoricarpos neumayerianus), Cicerbita pancicii, Lilium jankae und Dioscorea balcanica (Montenegro, Nord-Albanien). Reliktarten der illyrisch-balkanischen Provinz sind die Europäische Hopfenbuche (Ostrya carpinifolia), Juglans regia, Syringa vulgaris, Baum-Hasel (Corylus colurna), Gewöhnliche Rosskastanie (Aesculus hippocastanum) etc.

Politik
Folgende Staaten liegen komplett oder teilweise auf der Balkanhalbinsel: Albanien, Bosnien und Herzegowina, Bulgarien, Griechenland, Kosovo, Kroatien, Montenegro, Nordmazedonien und Serbien. Auch der europäische Teil der Türkei, ein kleiner Teil Rumäniens (Nord-Dobrudscha), sowie – wenn man den Karst als Nordwestgrenze ansieht – auch Teile Sloweniens und Italiens (ehemalige Provinz Triest) gehören zur Balkanhalbinsel.

Bevölkerung
Die Balkanhalbinsel ist insbesondere bevölkert von Albanern, Bosniaken, Bulgaren, Griechen, Kroaten, Mazedoniern, Rumänen (Walachen, Aromunen), Serben, Slowenen und Türken. Außerdem bilden die Roma in mehreren Balkanländern eine große ethnische Minderheit, früher auch die sephardischen Juden und in Rumänien und Kroatien vorwiegend aschkenasische Juden, die heute nur in der Türkei eine nennenswerte Minderheit darstellen. Auch Armenier, Banater Schwaben, Donauschwaben, Lipowaner, Magyaren, Siebenbürger Sachsen, Slowaken, Tataren, Tschechen und Tscherkessen zählen zu den Minderheiten auf dem Balkan.

Größte Agglomerationen

Demographische Verstädterung
Die Balkanstaaten wiesen 2008 folgende Werte der demographischen Urbanisierung auf:

 : 71 %
  (mit asiatischem Teil) und : je 67 %
 : 61 %
 : 60 %
 : 57 %
 : 54 %
 : 52 %
 : 48 %
  und : je 47 %

Demnach ist der Anteil der Landbevölkerung auf der Balkanhalbinsel bis heute deutlich höher als beispielsweise in Mitteleuropa.

Anmerkungen

Literatur
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 Steven W. Sowards: Moderne Geschichte des Balkans. Der Balkan im Zeitalter des Nationalismus (Übersetzung, Kommentare und Ergänzungen von Georg Liebetrau). BoD Georg Liebetrau, Seuzach 2004, ISBN 3-8334-0977-0.
 Holm Sundhaussen: Der Balkan: Ein Plädoyer für Differenz. Geschichte und Gesellschaft, 29. Jahrg., H. 4, Protestantismus und Nationalsozialismus (Oct. – Dec., 2003), pp. 608–624, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
 Maria N. Todorova: Die Erfindung des Balkans. Europas bequemes Vorurteil (Originaltitel: Imagining the Balkans. übersetzt von Uli Twelker), Primus, Darmstadt 1999, ISBN 3-89678-209-6 / 2. Auflage bei: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 978-3-534-14223-1.
 Richard Wagner: Der leere Himmel. Reise in das Innere des Balkan. Aufbau, Berlin 2003, ISBN 978-3-351-02548-9.

Weblinks

 Wo bitte liegt und was ist der "Balkan"?
 Südosteuropa Mitteilungen
 Ίδρυμα Μελετών Χερσονήσου του Αίμου (IMXA). Institute for Balkan Studies, Thessaloniki

Einzelnachweise

Halbinsel (Europa)
Halbinsel (Mittelmeer)
Balkan
Geographie (Serbien)
Geographie (Bosnien und Herzegowina)
Geographie (Montenegro)
Geographie (Kroatien)
Geographie (Rumänien)
Geographie (Bulgarien)
Geographie (Nordmazedonien)
Geographie (Griechenland)
Geographie (Albanien)
Halbinsel (Türkei)
Kulturraum in Europa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Great job, Design Team. So much inspiration to pull from. I'll be back to watch the video!
WOW! Beautiful cards from the team!!
You really do have an amazing team!
I love your new stamp sets. I need to get my order placed. You truly are an inspiration.
Emma - you are so wonderufl. Love all your new stamp sets. The teacher rocks is great - I know you always like to take care of your teachers/educators.I agree the teachers/educators are GREAT. I think You're my best buddy is AWESOME, too. Thanks for all you do.
amazing cards!!! love your stamps!
Thanks Emma for this video!
I felt sad I was not able to be with you on your ustream.
Wow, your design team did a wonderful job. Simply adorable and I just love all your new stamps!! Can't wait to get mine:) Congrats to you Emma!!!!
Hey Emma, how about the plastic DVD cases like Stampin Up puts their stamps in?
These cards are great! Love the stamps!


ECOMMPAY engineers bespoke payment solutions for online businesses around the world. Creating future payment platforms today, we target increased conversion and facilitate expansion into new regions and markets.
Accept payments from and issue payouts to customers anywhere in the world. ECOMMPAY connects the international bank cards and regional payment methods preferred by your target audience.
Unlock your business potential by expanding into new regions. ECOMMPAY adapts our payment solutions in accordance with regional specifications and local licensing requirements.
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Increase conversion by up to 30% by integrating popular features. ECOMMPAY offers smart routing and cascading, which apply machine learning to efficiently route card payments.
Optimise customer journey. ECOMMPAY analysed consumer behaviour to create an intuitive, universally customisable payment page, compatible with all PCI DSS requirements.
ECOMMPAY's products and technologies are fully customisable. From the design of your payment interface to the configuration of our risk management system, we turn your vision into reality.
Our proprietary FraudStop risk management system scores transactions across multiple settings, configured individually to client specifications and supplemented by manual transaction monitoring.
ECOMMPAY's Merchant Dashboard enables clients to view all incoming and outgoing transactions, as well as to run reports on transactional history.
Relying on internal analyses and years of experience, ECOMMPAY engineers bespoke, effective payment solutions customised to merchant business specifications and industry requirements.
ECOMMPAY assigns account managers and fraud specialists to each and every client and fit our solutions to your needs. We also provide legal and financial advice, and our IT support is available 24/7.
ECOMMPAY is licensed in the United Kingdom by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) as an Authorised Payment Institution (API).
Payments and payouts are issued promptly and securely, with the highest level of reliability. ECOMMPAY's Merchant Dashboard grants you access to advanced analytics on all of your financial flows whenever required.


text:
from django import forms
from django.forms.formsets import BaseFormSet
from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory

class LogForm(forms.Form):
    """ form for save log
    """
    message = forms.CharField()
    line = forms.IntegerField()
    page = forms.URLField()
    url = forms.URLField()
    user_agent = forms.CharField()
    when = forms.CharField()

class MetaLogForm(forms.Form):
    """ form for meta data
    """
    name = forms.CharField()
    value = forms.CharField(required=False)

class LogFormSet(BaseFormSet):

    def _construct_form(self, i, **kwargs):
        form = super(LogFormSet, self)._construct_form(i, **kwargs)
        inline = formset_factory(MetaLogForm, extra=0)
        try:
            form.inline = inline(data=self.data, prefix=u'%s%s' % (self.prefix, i))
        except forms.ValidationError:
            form.inline = None
        return form

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This is a simple recipe that isn't too sweet and very affordable.
Combine coconut, sugar and one egg white in small bowl. Mix flour, baking powder and almond extract into coconut mixture. Beat two egg whites until foamy then add 1/3 cup sugar until stiff peaks form. Fold mixture into coconut mixture. Spoon batter into paper lined muffin cups. Top each cupcake with a candied cherry if desired. Bake for about 15 minutes at 350 degrees or until peaks are nice and golden brown. Feel free to add any topping you wish, or you can simply enjoy it as is.
Tip – If you are grating the coconut, cut off the back so that it's white when grated, or you can leave it as is.


text:
Kaliploso is een bestuurslaag in het regentschap Banyuwangi van de provincie Oost-Java, Indonesië. Kaliploso telt 3652 inwoners (volkstelling 2010).

Plaats in Oost-Java


I have some spare hardware lying around. Thinking of trying this. A few questions, should I provide a static IP in my routers DHCP leases for the steamcache, origin cache, and windows cache? Second, should I change the DNS settings on my router to the separate cache addresses as primary then something like 1.1.1.1 for secondary? That way I don't have to changes the DNS settings on all my individual PCs? Or would that mess things up for the router? And do I need all the various caches listed as DNS, or just one? (I just noticed linus says to just configure it in the router, so yes?) Edit: one more question, is it possible to aggregate/team two gigabit ports to get 2gbps? (my switch supports it) If so, how with this setup? Or is that a huge can of worms?
You'll be totally fine. I have an i7-4790K (delidded and undervolted) and a GTX 1080 Founders Edition (overclocked) and don't have issues. However the difference with my setup is I'm using the Thermolab LP53 cpu cooler with the Noctua NF-a9x14 fan. It's quite a bit better than the typical nh-l9i. Other than that I recommend a high quality thermal paste like Thermal Grizzly Cryonaut.
Right. But you're trying to cool 250W in an extra small form factor. Plus with the Zotac heatsink the fins run longitudinally and thus the hot air has two places to go, out the rear i/o or straight out the opposite end of the card and into the gpu chamber. If you want to keep the card I would recommend adding a rubber seal between the perimeter of the face (fan side) of the gpu and the case. That seal ensures no hot gpu exhaust is recycled into the gpu fans, and it also creates very high pressure inside the case, forcing hot air out. By doing this you basically turn your gpu into a case fan. I have done this with both a gtx 1060 and gtx 1080 in my two Sentry pc's and it works well. I can try to upload pictures later to clarify what I'm describing.
This is why blower cards are preferred. What you described is exactly how the gpu cooler is designed to work. It's possible with Masada02's setup he has more positive pressure forcing some of the heat out.
Ok so I left hdmi deep color off in the TV settings and then tried to play hdr content from Netflix. It worked. The TV puts up a notification saying it's switching to Dolby Vision. I had to manually turn it back off in settings after the show was over because nothing else would display again. The chromecast menu and other sdr content fails to display with deep color turned on. That was the mistake I was making. The TV will notify you when something is trying to display hdr content. Don't try to turn on hdmi deep color ahead of time unless the device connected is pumping out hdr all the time. I wish the TV would just switch on the fly and switch back without any intervention. Oh well at least it's working with Netflix on Chromecast. Edit: It's still worth noting that it still doesn't seem possible to turn on HDR in Windows without the PC directly connected to the TV rather than the surround sound receiver. The receiver is capable of passing on HDR data which the tv will recognize and then go in to HDR/Deep color mode, but it doesn't go the other direction. By which I mean, the tv doesn't actively advertise it's HDR/10-bit capability back through the receiver to the PC or other devices. The PC doesn't know it's outputting to an LG TV, but rather a "Pioneer Electronics Receiver/Generic PNP display". So even when future games begin supporting HDR, my PC doesn't realize its connected to an HDR capable display because all it sees is the receiver. Is there a way to tell the PC it's connected to an HDR/10 bit panel without connecting directly to the TV?
It's not that complicated really, three hdmi from my three devices into the receiver, one to the TV. With a plain old dumb TV the receiver handles everything. With a smart TV, the TV tries to handle everything but just ends up sh*tting it's pants. I already had an issue where the version of dolby vision on the TV was newer than that in the receiver and the AVR was displaying an error on screen. Contacted Pioneer and they directed me to a firmware update to update their implementation of dolby vision. Fixed the error I was getting, but still no real hdr pass through that I can tell.
Yes, at least it should be, but I can't see it. Unfortunately the TV says it's receiving no signal over hdmi (from the receiver) the moment I turn on hdr/wide color gamut (4:4:4, 4:2:2, 4:2:0) in the TV settings. Nothing displays to know if it's working. Can't see my chromecast anymore. As for the pc, the only way my pc even allows me to toggle hdr is if its directly connected to the TV and not through the AVR. It seems like the AVR isn't reporting/passing through hdr capability?
I just got an LG 55B7A OLED tv, its great. I also had to get a new receiver as my old one didn't support HDCP2.2, 4K60, HDR, etc. So, I got a Pioneer Elite VSX-LX102 7.2 channel receiver that supports all the HDR standards, 4K60hz, HDCP2.2 on all inputs and so on. I have a Windows 10 PC (with a GTX1080, so HDR capable), Chromecast Ultra (4k60, HDR capable), and a regular Bluray player (not 4k, no HDR) connected to the receiver with brand new HDMI 2.0 cables and then a single HDMI 2.0 to the TV from the HDMI out of the receiver. I immediately learned how much I hate smart tv's as WebOS was clearly not designed with an AV receiver handling all the inputs in mind. I'm not able to get any content to play with HDR. It just plays at SDR. The damn TV has so many convoluted, overlapping, redundant settings, some of which seemingly supersede others when you don't expect it. However, the one setting in the TV that seems to be critical to HDR support is HDMI Ultra HD Deep Color. When I turn this on, the receiver stops sending any video to the tv. I've tried rebooting the chromecast, my PC, nothing works with HDR enabled on the TV. Disable it and the video comes right back. Just for giggles I connected my PC straight to the TV and HDR was recognized by Windows and the TV even flashed a notification saying HDR was active. Back to the receiver, and Windows won't even let me toggle HDR anymore. I'm not sure if my issue is with the TV or the receiver. The receiver should just be a passive HDMI switch basically (I have upscaling turned off on the receiver). The TV has so many damn settings that can alter the way inputs work though. I have the HDMI input from the receiver set to "PC" on the TV input settings menu. This disables almost all the excessive post-processing the TV usually does. HDMI-CEC is enabled on both the TV and receiver. Should I change the input type in the TV input menu to surround sound? Should I just return the Pioneer AVR? I feel like I'll just run into the same problem with any other brand of AVR. I don't want to have to plug everything in to the HDMI ports on the TV and then rely on ARC for audio as I've never had a good experience with that. I tried it with my PC and while it worked with the Pioneer AVR for a few minutes, the TV kept turning its own internal speakers back on even though I had them off with Audio set to HDMI ARC on the TV. This tv is beautiful, but the "smarts" of WebOS aren't implemented very well. I mean, does LG really not anticipate someone with a nearly $2K TV will use an AVR for handling their AV inputs??? Any input from other LG OLED owners on how to get HDR/HDMI Deep Color working is greatly appreciated.
Worried? Worried about what? They will get your sentries to you as soon as they're ready. The small delay is just waiting for painting of the white Sentry. They'll probably ship both at the same time to save on shipping costs so the black one will wait to be shipped with the white one. I'm sure the Ząber guys will update everyone as soon as the white Sentries are painted.
Thanks for the prompt reply. I decided I didn't feel like messing around with patches and cracks. I purchased the digital version in Origin. I figure it will have better long term support if there are additional OS incompatibilities in the future that cracks can't fix. My only issue now is the gamedata.ini isn't present in the origin version so idk how to increase the camera height. I'll look for other threads on that topic. Edit: I dropped an edited ini file in a folder within the origin game folder and it actually worked.


text:
Theory of Change in Rwanda
Home/Careers
Supply Chain Coordinator About the Role:Based in Kigali, the supply chain coordinator will offer support to supply chain staff at the country office and in the field offices. The Supply Chain...
Date advertised: 10 Jan 2020
Closing date: 24 Jan 2020 - 23:59 CAT
Location: Kigali, Rwanda
Department: Supply Chain
View full details »
Education Cluster Coordinator (Sub national Level)
The cluster approach ensures clear leadership, predictability and accountability in international responses to and recovery from humanitarian emergencies by clarifying the division of labour...
Location: Beira, Mozambique
Department: Programme, Development and Quality
Type: Fixed-term contract
Education Cluster Information Manager
The cluster approach ensures clear leadership, predictability and accountability in international responses to humanitarian emergencies by clarifying the division of labour among...
Director Human Resources & Administration
Director Human Resources & Administration As a member of the Senior Management Team (SMT), the HR Director (HRD) shares in the overall responsibility for the direction and coordination of the...
Date advertised: 8 Jan 2020
Location: Kampala, Location
Department: Human Resources
Deputy Team Leader - Programmes (HST)
The role: Deputy Team Leader Programmes – Humanitarian Surge Team (HST) ROLE PURPOSE: The Global Humanitarian Surge Platform (GHSP) operates on behalf of the members and SCI, and is dedicated to...
Location: Worldwide, Worldwide
Deputy Education Consortium Manager
Deputy Education Consortium Manager The Deputy Education Consortium Manager will be responsible for day to day oversight and successful implementation of Programmes implemented through the NGO...
Date advertised: 26 Dec 2019
Department: Programme Operations
The journey from child migration to child trafficking - Consultancy
Terms of Reference The journey from child migration to child trafficking Analysis of the links between Child Migration and Child Trafficking in the Horn of Africa Executive Summary This proposal...
Type: Contingent
Project Lead - Predictive Migration and Displacement Initiative
We are currently recruiting for a Project Lead to join our Migration and Displacement team, which works to ensure that Save the Children reaches more of the most vulnerable displaced children through...
Date advertised: 11 Oct 2019
Researcher, Migration and Displacement Initiative
We are currently recruiting for a Researcher to join our Migration and Displacement team, which works to ensure that Save the Children reaches more of the most vulnerable displaced children through...
Programme Operations (4)
Programme, Development and Quality (3)
Save the Children International is a company limited by guarantee, registered in England and Wales with company number 3732267 and a charity registered in England and Wales with charity number 1076822. Its registered office is St Vincent House, 30 Orange Street, London, WC2H 7HH.
© 2020 Save the Children International | Legal information
Global Campaign


text:
Q: pylint return non zero return status only on error When using a pylint in CI/CD pipelines, I find myself doing the following to ensure that the full linter output is logged but the pipeline only fails in the case of explicit errors.
# Run linter to get full output
pylint dags/ > lint_output.txt

# Run linter to get status code for errors only
pylint -E dags/ > /dev/null
status=$?

This is obviously not ideal because I'm having to lint my code twice.
Is there a way to get the same outcome with pylint or any other linting tools in Python?

A: To get the status code for errors only and also to get all the messages, -e option of the pylint command can be used. For ex.
# run pylint, collect all the output and get status based on errors only
pylint -E -e all dags/ > lint_output.txt
status=$?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package org.mycontroller.standalone.db.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.mycontroller.standalone.AppProperties.RESOURCE_TYPE;
import org.mycontroller.standalone.api.jaxrs.model.Query;
import org.mycontroller.standalone.api.jaxrs.model.QueryResponse;
import org.mycontroller.standalone.db.tables.RuleDefinitionTable;
import org.mycontroller.standalone.rule.RuleUtils.DAMPENING_TYPE;

/**
 * @author Jeeva Kandasamy (jkandasa)
 * @since 0.0.1
 */
public interface RuleDefinitionDao extends BaseDao<RuleDefinitionTable, Integer> {

    RuleDefinitionTable getByName(String name);

    List<RuleDefinitionTable> getAllEnabled();

    List<RuleDefinitionTable> getAll(DAMPENING_TYPE dampeningType);

    List<RuleDefinitionTable> getAll(RESOURCE_TYPE resourceType, Integer resourceId);

    void disableAllTriggered();

    QueryResponse getAll(Query query);

}


2. The Lot: (a) Each lot is sold 'as seen' with all faults / defects un-removable attachments, provenance and errors including quantity and without any warranty or guarantee whatsoever. Mobile phones and laptops may have been disabled. We therefore recommend bidders take reasonable steps and undertake due diligence prior to bidding.
(b) No verbal or written guidance made on any lot shall be taken as evidence as to the state of said lot, photographs or descriptions of lots do not constitute part of the lot/legal contract.
(d) Buyers should check the safety of any mechanical or electrical items or check with a qualified technician prior to their use.
(e) Motor Vehicles: It is the bidders responsibility to ensure they are aware of the vehicles history as is publicly available and to satisfy themselves as to its mechanical condition.
On instructions from the Official Receiver, any vehicles marked (#) which are offered for sale on their behalf may only be sold to an ACCREDITED MOTOR DEALER who will be required to sign to that effect. Buyers must supply full name and address when making payment for vehicles, if a registration document (V5) is available this must also be completed by the buyer for re registration at DVLA. The buyer will undertake to ensure the road worthiness of the vehicle before using it on the public highway. The buyer is also exclusively responsible for any insurance, tax and MOT that the vehicle may require before removing it and must at their own expense make any appropriate alternative arrangements.
(f) All damage caused by the Buyer, his representative or agent to any lot or to the premises in which the lots may be sited or any fixture or fittings or chattel in such premises. All such costs and expenses to be met in full by the buyer.
(g) The plastic containers and coat hangers do not constitute part of the lot.
3. Reserves and Guides: (a) FGB and the seller reserves the right to offer any lot for sale subject to a reserve (minimum hammer price at which lot will be sold) indicated by "RESERVE", shown after the description (which may be fixed just before the lot is offered for sale and will, if so, be announced verbally). If no bid equals or exceeds the reserve price the lot will be withdrawn from the auction. The reserve will not be higher than the low estimate shown.
(b) Estimates are an opinion of FGB on behalf of the seller and in a range where FGB thinks the hammer will fall (excluding any VAT and fees) this is not an estimate of value.
4. Bidding: (a) By bidding for a lot the buyer accepts the conditions as listed and is bound by the same.
(c) Each lot is sold by the Seller, the Auctioneers act as agents only. A sale by auction is not a consumer sale. The Unfair Contracts Terms Act 1977 12 (2) (as amended) or section 2 of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended) does not apply. Each Lot is sold by the seller to the buyer.
(g) On fall of hammer the buyer enters into a contract with the seller to pay the hammer price +VAT (where applicable) and enters into a separate contact with the auctioneer to pay any other fees as indicated in the conditions of sale.
5. Fees and Payment: (a). The buyer to pay immediately a deposit of 25% of the total payable or such other sum as the Auctioneers may demand in part payment, and in default, the lot(s) purchased and deposit to be at the disposal of the Auctioneers.
(b) All lots will be at the Buyer's risk from the fall of the hammer, ownership remaining that of the vendor until paid for in full, and the Auctioneer/Vendor do not take any responsibility for their safety or security and recommend that insurance cover be effected immediately.
(g) Payment and Prices in £ sterling ONLY. Payment may be made by Cash, or personal UK Debit card (maximum of £4k), bank transfer by request.
6. Collection of Lots: (a) Collection will take place on completion of the sale until 4.00pm and from 9.30am until 12 noon the day following the sale entirely at the buyers expense. Please make sure assistance (including mechanised) is available when clearing lots, especially large or heavy goods. Porters duties are to make lots available for collection only.
(b) Collection and transport is the sole responsibility of the buyer.
(d) The Buyer or their authorised agents must pay the Auctioneer in full before 12 noon on the day after the auction. Transfer of lots shall not permitted.
7. Default: (a) Lots or parts thereof not removed by the time indicated shall be cancelled and/or subject to a storage charge as the auctioneers consider appropriate. A minimum storage charge of £10+VAT (vehicles £30+VAT) per lot per day inc Saturday, Sunday and Bank Holidays. The auctioneer shall have a lien over the lots till such storage charge has been paid. Any expenses incurred by the auctioneer in the removal or disposal of any lot shall be borne by the buyer. Payment of such charges does not imply any responsibility for the safety and condition of the goods.
(b) The buyer shall indemnify the Auctioneer and the Vendor against the cost of damage and expense incurred in storage, removal or disposal of any lot, against any difference in price in the event of a resale of a lot.
(c) If the buyer is in breach of any of these conditions then i] any deposit shall be forfeit to the Auctioneers, ii] the Auctioneers shall be entitled to sell by Private or Public Sale without any warning or notice to the buyer, any lot(s) not removed from the Auctioneers' premises in accordance herein. If the sale price is less than the sum bid for the lot by the buyer, the buyer shall pay the difference in price and all charges incurred in connection with such sale, if the sale price, after deduction of expenses, is greater than the sum bid by the buyer, then the difference in price shall be paid to the Vendor. Without prejudice to the right of resale aforesaid, the Auctioneers and the Vendor shall be entitled to enforce any contract made at the auction, and to sue the buyer for the full price of each lot sold. The auctioneer will also be entitled to charge a fee that they feel is appropriate for any extra work carried out as a result of default, this being payable by the buyer. The buyer will also no longer be able to attend the auction sales.
8. Frank G. Bowen Ltd as agents: (a) FGB act as agent to the seller and market, catalogue, and offer each lot for sale, receive and hold deposits, treat the contract as repudiated if the buyer fails to pay under the terms of the conduct of sale.
(b) FGB decision on the conduct of the auction is final.
(d) We act as agents for the seller and are not answerable or personally responsible to the buyer for any breach of contract or other default by the seller.
(b) The contract between buyers and sellers is set out in the conditions of sale.
(b) We do not disclose prices or buyers details.
(c) All items including electronic media (eg hard drives) that may contain personal data are removed from the lot.


text:
%% Clear and close everything

% This file is from pmtk3.googlecode.com

close all;
close all hidden;
fclose all;
clear all
clear classes;
clear global;
clear java;
dbclear if warning;
try
    dbquit('all');
catch
end
clc;