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12 Health Benefits of Carbon 60 & Superfood Rich in C60!
Carbon-60, also known as C60, buckminsterfullerene, fullerene-60 or buckyball, is likely to be the most amazing chemistry discovery of the late 20th century. 1
Buckminsterfullerene: The Magic Carbon Molecule That Precedes Life On Earth!
This carbon molecule is theorized to have a practical use in everything, including rocket fuel, electronics and in creating super strong materials! Yet, arguably the most profound applications have been in the field of health.
Carbon-60 is a very complicated subject and there is a lot of public confusion about it. In an attempt to clarify what is currently known about this magic molecule, we have compiled this article which highlights its health benefits, side effects, sources and all you need to know about using it to optimize your well-being and performance!
What Is Carbon 60?
Carbon-60 is a member of the carbon family, alongside diamond and graphite, that was only discovered recently in 1985.
Its official name, Buckminsterfullerene, was an ode to Buckminster Fuller, a mathematician who designed geodesic dome structures similar to this compound.
Essentially a carbon-60 molecule is comprised of 60 carbon atoms which are arranged in a unique shape that can be thought of as a 'carbon cage'. This shape resembles that of a soccer ball, comprising of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons. At the vertex of each shape is one carbon atom, with a double bond forming the edges. Another name for this unique structure is a truncated icosahedron.
This shape is what gives C60 all of it's amazing properties, including being resistant to radiation, chemical corrosion and breakage under high pressure. Metals and other substances can be placed inside the vacuum interiors of buckyballs, turning them into novel nano-transport vehicles or superconductors. They are small enough to move through cell membranes and sit between woven strands of DNA. 2
Carbon-60 is also readily reacts with other substances and is able to easily combine with just about any compound to enhance its action.
Furthermore, C60 was found in deep space and star dust, as well as ancient mineral deposits and meteorites found on Earth, suggesting that it predates life on the planet.
All these aspects of fullerene 60 have made it the center of much research worldwide; however even after more than 30 years, scientists are only just beginning to scratch the tip of this iceberg!
12 Health Benefits of Carbon 60
Most of the research carried out on C60 is based on rat models. However, there is an overwhelming amount of anecdotal evidence that supports these findings in humans too, given that the source of carbon-60 is pure or not combined with another dangerous compound.
#1 Increases Longevity
The Paris or Baati study is likely the most famous experiment performed using carbon-60. The findings reveal that this molecule is not only non-toxic but increases the lifespan of rats by 90%! 3
Part of this is possibly due to the fact that Carbon-60 has a high affinity for both cellular and mitochondrial membranes. 4 It helps protect both of these structures, which are integral to the lifespan of our cells and ultimately us.
There are several studies proving that water-soluble C60 prevents mitochondrial dysfunction 5 , which promotes longevity, as well as optimal health and increased energy levels. One in particular showed that rats exposed to fatal levels of radiation managed to survive for 30 days after the event, thanks to good old buckyballs!
#2 Scavenges Free Radicals
Ever since the first experiments were conducted on buckyballs, it was concluded that this molecule acts as a free radical sponge, mopping up any that it encounters. It has been reported that this molecule has an antioxidant capacity several hundred times higher than other antioxidants! 6
What makes fullerene 60 even more amazing is its strong cage-like structure. The free radicals it takes out the body don't affect its shape or function, allowing for it to continuously deal with free radicals until it leaves the system (which has been shown in the Baati study to be 97 hours from the bloodstream of rats).
Unlike other antioxidants, which can bind to free radicals molecule-for-molecule, carbon-60 can accumulate dozens of them before it can no longer do so. For example, it has been reported that C60 can hold up to 34 methyl radicals at one time!
This combined with it's ability to by-pass cellular membranes, including the blood-brain-barrier 7 , as well as its affinity for DNA, mitochondria and cellular membranes, place C60 within a league of its own. Moreover, once the free radicals have bound to it, they are 100% neutralized and do not interact with C60 or anything else along the way.
Another research paper showed that a specific malonic acid form of C60 mimicked the action of SOD, removing superoxide, which is a harmful by-product produced by cells. This shows that scavenging free radicals is not Carbon-60's only means of acting as an antioxidant, but that it is capable of neutralizing pollutants via chemical reduction reactions too. 8
#3 Reduces Inflammation & Symptoms of Arthritis
Seeing as Carbon-60 is such potent free radical scavenger, it makes sense that it helps reduce inflammation, especially as seen in arthritis. In both human cell cultures and rats which had arthritis, water-soluble C60 suppressed inflammation in the joints and bones. 9
From a mitochondrial perspective, buckminsterfullerene helps to bring the mitochondria back into balance, which corrects the immune system and results in less bodily inflammation as a whole.
#4 Improves Immune Function
Aside from protecting mitochondria and cells from free radical damage, water-soluble C60 has been shown to stimulate the immune system in other ways.
These include stimulating the production of immune cells such as lymphocytes (white blood cells) and useful cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, both of which play a key role in fighting off infections and even tumor cellsю. 10
Thanks to the potent antioxidant ability of this miracle molecule, it can stop you from having allergies and severe allergic reactions 11 (anaphylaxis). Levels of histamine, IgE's and other inflammatory compounds associated with allergy were greatly reduced with the intervention of carbon-60.
This makes fullerene 60 a perfect treatment for asthma, respiratory problems, heart attacks, and cardiovascular disease. 12
#5 Prevents Apoptosis in Neurons & May Reverse Alzheimer's Disease
Apoptosis is a fancy term for the death of cells, which is what buckyballs have been shown to protect against in nerve cells. 13
It is a fact that neurons die and get created everyday in a healthy individual. However, in the case of Alzheimer's Disease and many other neurodegenerative disorders, too many neurons die which results in memory loss, cognitive decline and many other problems.
In one study, human neurons were cultured in vitro and then exposed to neuron-deadly excitotoxins. These cells were protected from apoptosis by buckminsterfullerene between 50-80%, with the 80% end of the range being for aspartame (NMDA).
This study also concluded that water-soluble C60 is not an excitotoxin and does not exhibit any toxicity to the brain or nervous system. It also makes carbon-60 look very promising as a treatment option for cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
There is more evidence to support this, revealing that C60 actively promotes the growth of new neurons. Several fullerene 60 derivatives were tested in vitro and proven to support neuronal growth. 14 Not only will this help prevent neurodegeneration, but it will also help to make you smarter!
Furthermore, in the case of Alzheimer's Disease, it was shown that a specific C60 derivative destroys amyloid-beta plaques 15 , which means that it may help to reverse the condition entirely.
#6 Protects Cartilage & Improves Bone Health
In one of the studies quoted above, buckyballs prevented bone damage and bone resorption when injected into the ankles of arthritic rats.
Further data indicates that carbon-60 does not just help to improve bone mineral density, but that it also protects cartilage. In rabbits that had been induced with osteoarthritis in their knees, water-soluble C60 prevented cartilage cells from aging prematurely or dying off, as well as increasing cartilage production and reducing enzymes that would destroy it. 16
Fullerene 60 also proved to be superior to hyaluronic acid, which is the stuff that surrounds the cartilage in joints and is used as a common osteoarthritis treatment. Thus, Carbon-60 in it's water-soluble form could potentially be one of the best treatments for both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.
#7 Helps Eradicate Bacteria & Viruses, Including HIV
That's right - it was even shown that carbon-60 has the ability to inhibit HIV and prevent the onset of AIDS! 17
Research also highlights that this wonder molecule has the ability to prevent the spread of human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis C, Semliki Forest Virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. 18
Specific types of fullerene 60 known as fullerenols were shown to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, and Malassezia furfur, which are all commonly found to infect the skin. 19
Dangerous water suspensions of C60 - not the same as water-soluble C60 - have been documented to act as strong anti-bacterials 20 , but these compounds release free radicals and ought to be avoided. Other alkylated derivatives with short chains were also shown to destroy both bacteria and cancer cell lines 21 , but these are equally as toxic (see more below on side effects and types of synthetic Carbon-60).
#8 Prevents You From Getting Fatter
Don't get too excited yet - there is no research as of yet that even hints towards buckyballs as a weight loss supplement. However, there have been several exciting studies revealing that these prehistoric compounds will prevent you from gaining more weight than you currently have right now.
With both human and mouse cell cultures, it was shown that both fat-soluble 22 and water-soluble 23 versions of carbon-60 prevented the cells from turning into fat cells.
#9 Inhibits Tumor Growth
This is a truly remarkable discovery. It was revealed that water-soluble fullerene-60 prevents certain bone marrow stem cells and breast cancer cells from communicating. This communication tends to result in the cancer spreading rapidly (metastasis) 24 .
It was shown to do this by correcting MAPK-ERK signaling in the stem cells. This MAPK pathway is a way for the surface of the cell and the DNA in the nucleus to engage, effectively acting as an on-off switch for DNA activity, such as cell division or protein production. In the formation of cancer, this switch becomes faulty, getting stuck in one position only.
Carbon-60 not only corrects the MAPK pathway, which would prevent tumors from forming, but it also corrects another anti-tumor pathway known as the NF-kB pathway.
This is involved directly with the DNA of a cell, controlling processes such as transcription, inflammation and its lifespan. Correcting this pathway suggests that carbon-60 may cause cancer cells to self-destruct, but further research would need to be carried out to confirm this.
#10 UV Radiation Protection
In lab experiments on cultured skin cells, it was proven that C60 infused ointment protected the skin from the damaging effects of UVA radiation 25 . These harmful effects included DNA damage, the breakdown of collagen and cell death.
The cream on it's own barely did anything against the radiation, but with the addition of C60, these effects were significantly repressed! In the same study, it was noted that the buckyballs never went deeper than the outer layer of the skin, remaining where they needed to be to protect the outermost layers.
In separate research using the same carbon-60 doped cream, it was shown that this magic molecule also prevented free radicals from generating in the skin 26 as a result of either UVA or UVB radiation 27 .
The C60 could pass cellular membranes right near the DNA without causing any damage to the skin, while simultaneously protecting it! When a comparison was carried out, Buckyballs remain to be superior to other creams claiming to do the same thing.
#11 May Reverse Skin Disorders
Fullerene-60 has been extensively tested for use in skincare applications, especially when the results were in about it's impressive anti-radiation benefits.
In rat models of dermatitis, it was shown that C60 reduced inflammation and promoted better skin barrier function, especially when administered topically (as opposed to being injected into the skin). 28
Impaired barrier function, as well as increased inflammation, are two of the main problems in dermatitis. When the barrier does not function properly, it allows pollutants and other toxins from the environment to infiltrate the skin, which causes a continuous cycle of inflammation. Carbon-60 helps put an end to this cycle.
For use in treating severe acne, it was shown that carbon-60 applied topically to skin decreased the number of skin lesions, pimples and oils found on the skin 29 . It also helped significantly increase the moisture content of the skin after 8 weeks, suggesting it could be used beneficially in anti-dermatitis moisturizers.
Interestingly, it was proven that lower concentrations of C60 permeated more deeply into the skin, while larger concentrations tended to hang out on the surface. 30
Larger concentrations were also more effective at promoting better skin barrier function, but just on the surface of the skin. This suggests that lower concentrations are better for reducing inflammation in deeper levels of the skin, such as those with basal carcinomas.
In the case of certain types of skin disorders which result in hair loss or alopecia, carbon-60 can once again come to the rescue! It was proven that carbon-60 promoted rapid hair growth in bald mice. 31
#12 Helps Prevent Male Infertility
Diabetes is a common cause for erectile dysfunction and male infertility. In diabetic male rats, fullerene C60 helped improve their fertility and genital function. 32
Increased levels of the antioxidant glutathione, testosterone, vitamin E, sperm and sperm motility were noted in these C60 treated rats (more than in the other diabetic rats or even healthy rats!).
Furthermore, they had recovered completely from diabetes-induced testicular complications, such as swelling, free radical damage and cell death in the testis.
C60 Side Effects or Contraindications
Most of the tests carried out on carbon-60 indicate that its safety largely depends on the form you get it in and how you use it.
Possible Minor Eye Irritation of 100% C60 Solution
In one study, pure carbon-60 induced very slight eye irritation, which caused the eyes of rabbits to turn red one hour after administration. Within 24 hours, the redness was gone. It did not damage the eyes of the rabbits or cause any other problems. C60 also did not burn or irritate the skin around the eyes. 33
The researchers explain that this is only the pure form of carbon-60 and that no other research has been carried out on C60 derivatives to assess eye or skin safety. Current data suggests that if you combined this molecule with something that is harmful, such as ammonia, one would likely receive all the negative effects of the ammonia - the same can be said in reverse of substance combinations that are beneficial!
A Colloidal C60 Suspension is Toxic
If pure carbon-60 is taken and mixed into the water without proper diffusion, it forms a suspension, which creates a variety of new molecules such as Nano-C60. This is not the same as the C60 molecules which are proven to have the miraculous health benefits above. Those forms of fullerene have been properly dissolved in a solution using specific scientific techniques - these are known as soluble forms of C60.
Instead, Nano-C60 was proven to be toxic 34 , acting as a potent free radical itself and attacking cellular membranes. However, the same research shows that it does not penetrate to the DNA of the cells and if an antioxidant is added, such as Vitamin C, the damage is completely reversed.
Cationic vs Anionic C60
It was found that all cationic or positively charged derivatives of carbon-60 are toxic, acting as free radicals, while anionic or negatively charged derivatives of C60 act as antioxidants. 35 This largely depends once again on how the carbon-60 was extracted and what it is combined with.
Never Expose C60 To Light
When carbon-60 in solution is exposed to either light or high temperatures, it starts to oxidize, becoming highly unstable and toxic. This is especially true of buckyballs found in oil solutions or other mediums that start to degrade with light or heat. Hydrated water-soluble C60 does not share these properties however, being stable whether exposed to light or heat.
Sources of C60: Where or How Can I Get More Carbon 60?
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Carbon-60 is found prolifically throughout nature in minute quantities. Every time you set fire to something, such as matches or a candle, you are releasing many carbon molecules into the atmosphere, including buckyballs.
Aside from combustion, let's take a look at other sources of C60:
Synthetically Derived Laboratory-Grade C60
So far there are commercially available preparations of buckminsterfullerene available as supplements or for chemists to use in multiple other applications.
To extract the actual C60, the most common method used is a modified version of the first time C60 was made in large amounts by Kratschmer and Huffman in 1989.
This involves two graphite rods suspended in a gas, such as helium, at a high pressure. When a high voltage is run through the rods and they are made to touch, the carbon in the rods vaporize, turning into clouds of soot - which is essentially a bunch of carbon clusters.
Once Carbon-60 has been extracted from this mixture, it is then either tested in its pure form or mixed into some kind of solution. Scientists have discovered that they can mix this fullerene into almost any medium.
Due to the complexity of this compound, one ought to be careful when selecting a synthetically-derived source of C60. There is a big difference between the properties of dissolved C60 and suspended C60 - one should always opt for dissolved C60 or soluble C60.
There are two main synthetic sources:
Oil C60
Since the Baati study, most manufacturers of oil-soluble Carbon-60 use the method he used to make it. The process involves stirring a 99.98% pure Carbon-60 in olive oil for two weeks in the dark, without exposure to light, heat or oxygen. Following this, the mixture is centrifuged before being filtered through an incredibly fine sieve to remove any suspended particles.
The leading manufacturer of C60 in the world is SES Research Inc. It is and American company based in Houston, TX.
If you are looking for Carbon 60 Olive Oil from trusted source then check their latest VitalC product.
C60 Olive Oil Price
Carbon-60 in this context binds to the fat particles in the oil, becoming a lipofullerene. The quality will depend on what oil was used as well as the conditions maintained to make it.
It was found that exposure to light is a huge problem in commercially available oil-soluble C60 36 , resulting in a plethora of toxic by-products.The oil used can also be a problem, as if the oil is not a good quality it could already be degraded due to overheating during manufacture or exposure to light. While many people already consume this type of oil, it would react with C60 and become far worse.
To ensure the best quality, it is best to source your carbon-60 directly from a lab or opt for a more natural source.
Hydrated C60
Until relatively recently, it was noted that carbon-60 cannot be dissolved in water without oxidizing and forming unstable by-products.
However, a bunch of geniuses at the Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds managed to find a way, calling their water-soluble C60: Hydrated C60 or C60 HyFn. 37 They found a very clever method for placing carbon-60 molecules inside multiple "shells" of structured or ordered water particles, which do not appear to react with C60 and are quite similar in shape.
This water-soluble version of C60 is by far more stable than any other version and its structure is not easily destroyed - not even by boiling the water!
As you may have noticed, the bulk of health research in this article has been carried out on this stable water-soluble version of buckminsterfullerene. This is the best form of commercially available C60 as of yet; but beware of imposters who are using highly reactive and dangerous solutions where C60 is merely suspended in water.
Soot or Charcoal
Soot and charcoal contain little to no Carbon-60, as well as a multitude of other carbon molecules, some of which are not the safest to consume.
When comparing carbon-60 vs activated charcoal, it is clear that pure C60 wins hands down. Medicinal activated charcoal can be good for detoxing your system, but it passes through without being absorbed and one stands the risk of ingesting unwanted versions of carbon (such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which are essentially the carcinogenic compounds in petroleum).
This is certainly not the same as fullerene 60 which gets absorbed via the digestive tract and works its way through your body, mopping up free radicals as it goes along!
When cane sugar ferments, it creates blackstrap molasses which eventually becomes rum if left for long enough.
Blackstrap molasses contains minute amounts of the magical molecule carbon-60 (not sure about the rum though!) as well as a few good trace mineral and nutrients. These include potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, calcium, copper, selenium and B vitamins.
Molasses is a great sugar substitute for those with diabetes, as it contains the above nutrients and only has a glycemic load of 55.
While this is a good way to add a little more C60 into your diet, it's probably not enough to experience all the amazing health benefits spoken of above.
Shilajit is a mind-blowing all-natural complex of over 80 trace minerals, fulvic acid and humic substances. It is the end product of millions of years of decomposing plant matter and has been proven to hold a wealth of health benefits, which have been documented by Ayurvedic practitioners for more than 3000 years.
Aside from fulvic minerals, DBPs (dibenzo-alpha-pyrones) and DCPs (dibenzo-alpha-pyrone chromoproteins) are some of the main constituents of Shilajit46 that confer antioxidant support and energy boosting effects. They make up ±10-30% of Shilajit's total composition,47 depending on where it is sourced and how it is processed.
DBPs act as electron reservoirs and when near mitochondria, they supply them with more electrons at a faster speed, which provides the cell with enormous amounts of energy. This in turn helps the cell to function more efficiently, live for longer and give a higher output - which translates as doing the same thing for us. DBPs have also been shown to preserve the body's natural antioxidants, such as co-enzyme Q10. 39
Recent research has revealed that a part of the DBPs and DCPs in Shilajit are bound to carbon-60!48
While further research is still required, the nature of both molecules suggests that this combination may yield of the most potent antioxidants known to mankind! Not to mention, when paired with the fulvic acid inside Shilajit, it will be able to easily penetrate cell walls and inner cell membranes.
Fulvic acid selectively takes out pollutants and administers trace minerals to where they need to go to replenish the cell; while DBPs and buckyballs work together synergistically to correct the mitochondria, protect the cell membranes and DNA, as well as mop up free radicals.
Pure Shilajit does not undergo any processing, aside from a minor purification process. It is an amazing natural compound which has every right to be exalted as it is in Ayurveda.
This is definitely the best carbon-60 supplement available, as long as you can source it from a supplier that does not heat it or expose it to chemicals.
Shilajit is a natural superfood that has a variety of trace elements and amino acids including Carbon 60.
Shungite & Marcial Waters
Shungite is a special mineral that consists of 80% carbon, as well as a rich abundance of carbon-60. 40 This largest deposit in the world of this carbon-based mineral is found in Russia, near a town called Shunga - hence the name Shungite.
It's theorized that Shungite is over 2 billion years old and that this deposit may have formed there due to a meteorite collision. Under high heat, pressure and with certain atmospheric gases, large amounts of carbon molecules such as C60 could have formed.
While one can't go and eat Shungite by the mouthful to dose up on Carbon-60, one can visit this mineral deposit near the town Shunga. There is a hot spring there called 'Marcial Waters' where the spring waters flow right through some of the mineral deposits, enriching it with the healing potential of carbon-60 and more. 41
Bathing in the Shungite-rich hot springs in Russia, one can experience the benefits of carbon-60. Yet, the effects are said not to last very long after the event.
Star Dust, Meteorites or Lightning Discharges
Carbon-60 has been found in the discharge caused from where lightning strikes the ground or a dead tree. It has also been collected from meteorite samples and is even found when star dust is analyzed. This all contributes to the idea that buckyballs far predate life on Earth and are possibly a primordial constituent of the universe and creation.
Frequently Asked Questions About Buckminsterfullerene
Is it safe to take while pregnant or before having a baby?
There is not any research relating to taking carbon-60 while pregnant, breast-feeding or just before conception, therefore it is best not to do so.
There have been two experiments on lactating and pregnant rats which reveal that C60 passes right through the placenta as well as into breast milk 42 43 . Unfortunately, these experiments had used forms of carbon-60 which were bound to either radioactive carbon-14 or toxic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 44 , both of which cause severe damage alone and even more damage when combined with C60.
Can I water my plants with hydrated C60?
Interestingly while humans and animals benefit immensely from non-oxidized versions of this amazing molecule, plants suffer from it. In studies where plants were watered with hydrated C60, their roots showed retarded growth which corresponded with abnormal auxin (plant growth hormone) distribution in them. 45 More research will have to be conducted to see if other forms of Carbon-60 are suitable for plants.
Can I use it on my pets?
When it comes to pristine C60 that has been dissolved properly in oil or hydrated C60, there have been many positive experiments done on animals of all kinds. A lot of people also have reported that when they gave it to their dogs, their animal companions appeared to become younger and have more energy. Some dogs over the age of 9 even went back into heat and veterinarians of these dogs has said that it's like they are 3-5 years old again. If you plan to give this to your pets, make sure you give them a much lesser dose that corresponds to their body weight.
Is Carbon-60 a carbon isotope?
Carbon-60 is a fullerene, which is a family of carbon allotropes or different forms of carbon. Isotopes are not the same as allotropes, as carbon isotopes contain the same amount of protons but differing amounts of neutrons in their atoms. Carbon-60 is a molecule that consists of 60 carbon atoms.
Is C60 radioactive?
No, but it is possible to make it radioactive by combining it with carbon-14, which is a radioactive isotope of carbon. One could also possibly substitute one or more carbon atoms in C60 with radioactive atoms.
What color should C60 look like in a solution?
Magenta or purple-pink. Sometimes in an oil solution, the color is slightly darker due to the color of the oil. Be wary of black oil solutions, as this may also contain other impure forms of carbon. In hydrated C60, the color of the water remains the same.
What's the difference between research-grade and industrial Carbon-60?
Research-grade C60 is manufactured in a lab, whereas industrial C60 is not. Industrial C60 is commonly what is sold commercially. Make sure to get research-grade C60 as the industrial version tends to be fraught with many harmful by-products - or better yet, get some Shilajit!
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September 14, 2018 by Polly 2 Comments


We're excited to announce the arrival of DART 2 – a major update to the DART firearms training simulator containing more than 100 new features.
DART is being used by police departments coast-to-coast to help them learn, practice, and improve critical firearms skills – but the way they're using it goes far beyond a typical simulation trainer. We have departments who have created live scenarios in which they move around the room firing at targets projected on the screen by their DART system. Other departments simulate firing from a vehicle, and one innovative department has mounted their system in front of a treadmill so that their officers can feel what it's like to run and shoot.
The new features in DART 2 will provide even more options for training.
When you think about it, live-fire ranges (and most virtual ranges for that matter), don't do a very good job of simulating the movement you might experience during a hostile encounter. For the most part, both target and shooter remain relatively motionless. DART 2 changes that with dynamic targets. Each stage can have up to 10 independently controlled targets – each with its own unique appearance, motion, and behaviors.
To help ensure that targets move realistically, DART 2 uses a system of paths and behaviors. With a couple of mouse clicks, you can lay out a precise path for your targets to follow – and your paths can be saved for use in other courses. In addition, we've included a simple point-and-click method of assigning a target a starting behavior, trigger, and resulting action. For example, you can have a target rotate in and move slowly toward you. When the target is between 10 and 5 yards away from you (you set the actual distances), the target can brandish a knife and charge. This provides versatility that video-based training systems can't match.
These features allow you to embed important training principles directly into your courses of fire. This is beneficial because DART does not require a dedicated operator. Officers are able to load and run courses on their own, and these new instruction options are a perfect way to help ensure that they follow your training program.
From the very beginning, DART has embraced the use of 3D graphics over video. Where video tends to be finite and predictable, computer graphics offer limitless possibilities which can be generated almost effortlessly. DART 2 features a completely new system for creating environments using easily editable props such as walls and doors. Together with realistic time-of-day lighting, DART 2 can simulate a wide variety of real-world situations.


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    // Next read the text.
    while (text >> word)
        if (! words.count (word))
            misspellings.insert (word);

    // Finally, output all misspellings.
    std::cout << std::endl << "Misspelled words:" << std::endl;

    std::copy (misspellings.begin (), misspellings.end (),
          ostrm_iter (std::cout, "\n"));
}

int main ()
{
    std::cout << "Enter text:";
    std::ifstream words ("words");
    spellCheck (words, std::cin);
    std::cout << "End of spell check program" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sohinee Basu
Roger Federer exacted his revenge on Novak Djokovic when he took to the court to clash with the Serb in the last round robin stage match at the ATP Finals 2019. The painful history of not having defeated the agile 32-year-old in their past four meetings clawed at the Swiss and finally, he triumphed in their 49th face-off. In what was a classic Roger Federer match, the 103-time tour-level-titlist wrapped up the proceedings in a comprehensive 6-4, 6-3 display.
Federer unleashed a clinical game and fired aces and jaw-dropping winners throughout the match. Djokovic seemed to struggle and on several occasions, the Serb gave up, making the job easier for the 20-time Major winner. With this loss, Djokovic's hopes of ending the year as the World No. 1 for a record sixth time were over. Federer came through and entered the ATP Finals semi-finals for a staggering 16th time.
Chasing a seventh title at the ATP Finals, Roger Federer will have to tackle the threat of Stefanos Tsitsipas. The Greek sensation, who is making his London debut this year, has been in brilliant form at this tournament.
He did not drop a single set in his matches against Alexander Zverev and Daniil Medvedev. Against Rafael Nadal, Tsitsipas bagged the first set after things went south for him and Nadal took home the match in a gritty affair that lasted 2 hours 52 minutes.
Federer leads the head-to-head record at 2-1 and will come in with theconfidence after having defeated him recently in the Basel semi-finals. Should Federer maintain this clinical form, he will well be on his way to an 11th ATP Finals final soon.
Here are all the details you need to know about the Nitto ATP Finals 2019
Tournament Name: Nitto ATP Finals 2019
Date: 10 November - 17 November 2019
Category: Year-ending championships
Venue: The O2 Arena
Prize Money: US$9,000,000
Surface: Indoor hardcourt
Schedule: (3) Roger Federer v (6) Stefanos Tsitsipas on Centre Court at 7:30 P.M IST on 16th November 2019
Where to watch Nitto ATP Finals 2019 in India?
The Nitto ATP Finals 2019 will be telecast on Sony ESPN and Sony ESPN HD.
Live stream details for Nitto ATP Finals 2019
Nitto ATP Finals 2019 live stream is available on Tennis TV (a subscription is needed for the service).
Sony Liv will also be broadcasting the matches.
Nitto ATP World Tour Finals 2019 Roger Federer Stefanos Tsitsipas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
North Carolina court stops order to spend $1.7B on education
By Gary D. RobertsonThe Associated Press
Tue., Nov. 30, 2021timer3 min. read
RALEIGH, N.C. (AP) — A North Carolina appeals court on Tuesday blocked enforcement of parts of a trial judge's recent order that demanded $1.75 billion in state taxpayer funds be spent — without express legislative approval — to address public education inequities.
The majority on a three-judge panel sided with a request by State Controller Linda Combs that it prevent Superior Court Judge David Lee's order from being enforced. It agreed Lee crossed the line by appropriating money — a job the majority said rests solely with the General Assembly.
Combs leads one of three state offices that Lee directed to transfer funds from state coffers to education and health agencies to carry out portions of a remedial plan Lee said would address longstanding school funding litigation. The remedial plan is supported by Democratic Gov. Roy Cooper's administration, but Republican legislative leaders have said Lee lacked authority to act.
Combs' attorney wrote that she and her staff were worried they could violate the state constitution if they carried out Lee's Nov. 10 order.
Appeals court Judges Chris Dillon and Jefferson Griffin declared Tuesday that Lee erred by stating a portion of the constitution addressing the right to education amounted to "an ongoing constitutional appropriation of funds."
"The trial court's reasoning would result in a host of ongoing constitutional appropriations, enforceable through court order, that would devastate the clear separation of powers between the legislative and judicial branches and threaten to wreck the carefully crafted checks and balances that are the genius of our system of government," the order read.
Tuesday's ruling could be appealed to the full 15-member Court of Appeals if a majority of those judges agreed to hear it, or to the state Supreme Court.
Judge John Arrowood, in a dissenting opinion, said he would have voted only for a temporary delay of the order, which Lee already had pushed back enforcing until Dec. 10. Arrowood criticized his colleagues for shortening unnecessarily the time that others in the case could respond to Combs' motions, filed last week, until Tuesday morning.
"This is a classic case of deciding a matter on the merits using a shadow docket of the courts," Arrowood wrote. Dillon and Griffin were elected to the state's intermediate level appeals court in 2020 as Republicans. Arrowood is a Democrat.
The ruling puts another notch in the litigation known as "Leandro" for one of the original student plaintiffs when it was first filed in 1994. By 2004, the state Supreme Court had ruled that while North Carolina's children have a fundamental right to the "opportunity to receive a sound basic education" under the constitution, the state had not lived up to that mandate.
Interest in the case picked up when Lee began monitoring the state's response to the ruling, and a consultant's report released in 2019 declared the state was still woefully behind in meeting the 2004 standard. The remedial plan, created from the report and input from Cooper and the State Board of Education, calls for at least $5.6 billion in new education funding by 2028. The $1.75 billion would address funds needed through mid-2023.
Lee said he had little choice but to act now because the other branches of state government had failed to address the inequities when given every opportunity to do so.
Senate leader Phil Berger, a Rockingham County Republican, praised Tuesday's decision. "Judge Lee, education special interests and the Cooper administration hatched this unconstitutional scheme to funnel $1.7 billion in extra money to a failed education bureaucracy," Berger said in a news release. "This court has rightly called them on it."
Emails late Tuesday seeking comment from Cooper and Every Child NC, an organization backing full funding of the remedial plan, weren't immediately returned.


text:
<?php

namespace Sylius\Bundle\ReportBundle\DependencyInjection;

use Sylius\Bundle\ReportBundle\Controller\ReportController;
use Sylius\Bundle\ReportBundle\Form\Type\ReportType;
use Sylius\Bundle\ResourceBundle\SyliusResourceBundle;
use Sylius\Component\Report\Model\Report;
use Sylius\Component\Report\Model\ReportInterface;
use Sylius\Component\Resource\Factory\Factory;
use Symfony\Component\Config\Definition\Builder\ArrayNodeDefinition;
use Symfony\Component\Config\Definition\Builder\TreeBuilder;
use Symfony\Component\Config\Definition\ConfigurationInterface;

/**
 * This class contains the configuration information for the bundle.
 *
 * This information is solely responsible for how the different configuration
 * sections are normalized, and merged.
 *
 * @author Paweł Jędrzejewski <pawel@sylius.org>
 */
class Configuration implements ConfigurationInterface
{
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function getConfigTreeBuilder()
    {
        $treeBuilder = new TreeBuilder();
        $rootNode = $treeBuilder->root('sylius_report');

        $rootNode
            ->addDefaultsIfNotSet()
            ->children()
                ->scalarNode('driver')->defaultValue(SyliusResourceBundle::DRIVER_DOCTRINE_ORM)->end()
            ->end()
        ;

        $this->addResourcesSection($rootNode);

        return $treeBuilder;
    }

    /**
     * @param ArrayNodeDefinition $node
     */
    private function addResourcesSection(ArrayNodeDefinition $node)
    {
        $node
            ->children()
                ->arrayNode('resources')
                    ->addDefaultsIfNotSet()
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                        ->arrayNode('report')
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                                        ->scalarNode('model')->defaultValue(Report::class)->cannotBeEmpty()->end()
                                        ->scalarNode('interface')->defaultValue(ReportInterface::class)->cannotBeEmpty()->end()
                                        ->scalarNode('controller')->defaultValue(ReportController::class)->cannotBeEmpty()->end()
                                        ->scalarNode('repository')->cannotBeEmpty()->end()
                                        ->scalarNode('factory')->defaultValue(Factory::class)->end()
                                        ->arrayNode('form')
                                            ->addDefaultsIfNotSet()
                                            ->children()
                                                ->scalarNode('default')->defaultValue(ReportType::class)->cannotBeEmpty()->end()
                                            ->end()
                                        ->end()
                                    ->end()
                                ->end()
                                ->arrayNode('validation_groups')
                                    ->addDefaultsIfNotSet()
                                    ->children()
                                        ->arrayNode('default')
                                            ->prototype('scalar')->end()
                                            ->defaultValue(array('sylius'))
                                        ->end()
                                    ->end()
                                ->end()
                            ->end()
                        ->end()
                    ->end()
                ->end()
            ->end()
        ;
    }
}


text:
2019 · Brexit · Diversity · Editor's Pick · identity · J'Nae Phillips · Lifestyle · Perspectives · Race · Dec 30, 2019
Race, Identity, and What It Means to Belong in 2019
As this years drawing to a close, I'm realising how much it's shaping up to be one of dramatic change. And I, for one, am emotionally exhausted. As someone in my mid-twenties, I feel like I'm coming of age in a time where we (millennials especially) are eager for things to be different. The awareness and understanding of my race and identity in this current climate has been a constant battle, and being mixed race feels as if I'm on the border of two groups – not fully integrated in either. Which brings me to question, is there such a thing as fitting in? And where do I belong?
All of us as humans feel the need to belong. We need to belong like we need a roof over our heads and food in our bellies. Finding a sense of belonging can come from all places; from families and friends, to school and work, even extending to social media. Some of us feel a connection to people worldwide, whereas others feel connected with one or two people. Belonging is centered around being noticed, having a support system, and being accepted by others. So is there really a place for us all, and do we all need to fit in to live happy and fulfilled lives? With Brexit looming, and family that voted for both sides of the fence, I didn't realise how much I was questioning my sense of belonging until now. With a country and political climate that's so divided; we can work on increasing our sense of belonging by pursuing our acceptance of others and finding ways in which were similar rather than different. This may require us to think outside the box, and open our minds to ideas and values that may not be ours hopefully letting go of our prejudices along the way.
It's hard to admit, but we're all subject to a little bit of bias. If we let it go unnoticed, it has the harmful possibility to create stereotypes which over time can lead to discrimination. Racism until very recently has been something that's remained hidden, but now it's as embedded and prominent in society as ever. And let's be honest, living in a racist world is tiring. Attempting to explain to someone who's in denial that racism even exists makes them feel attacked or persecuted, the wider issue here being that people don't like to be called out on their blind spots. There's an alarming belief in some parts of the world that we still don't have a problem with racism in 2019, and when its pointed out it makes people uncomfortable. What is it that makes discussing issues surrounding race so explosive? In the current paradigm we have, the majority aren't ready to acknowledge the way the world affects minorities. People feel that they have no responsibility to help fix an issue if they didn't do something personally to cause it – but we must all band together and change what we can. As daunting as it may be, we must find positive and productive ways to change this global nature of racism.
The current world we live in has a way of unconsciously emphasising and reminding us of who we are, regardless of where we live or what we do. We are all becoming more conscious and more anxious about our place in the world, and whether or not we fit in. Our race, our identity, and whether or not we belong is at the forefront of our subconscious. What we have to remember is there's no normal, no right or wrong. We're all in this together, and whilst we've come so far… we still have much further to go.
Written by J'Nae Phillips
Follow J'Nae on Twitter
The post Race, Identity, and What It Means to Belong in 2019 appeared first on LAPP..


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Bor/Mesin Bor Tanpa Kabel Bosch GSR 12 V-EC Professional Lebih tahan lama, bekerja lebih lama.


text:
Сере́днє — село в Україні, в Лиманській міській територіальній громаді Донецької області. У селі мешкає 86 осіб.

Посилання
 Погода в селі Середнє

Села Донецької області

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Edis Sehovic
Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research
Beat Knechtle
Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, University of Zurich
Christoph Alexander Rüst
Thomas Rosemann
Home > Vol 8, No 4 >	Sehovic
12-hour ultra-marathons: Increasing worldwide participation and dominance of Europeans
Edis Sehovic, Beat Knechtle, Christoph Alexander Rüst, Thomas Rosemann
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2013.84.05
Ultra-marathon running is of increasing popularity. Participation and performance trends in ultra-marathons have been previously investigated for 100 mile runs, multi-stage ultra-marathons, triathlons and ultra-triathlons, but not for 12-hour runs. We examined participation and performance trends in 12-hour runs held all over the world. Gender, nationality and age in runners competing in 12-hour runs worldwide from 1981 to 2010 were investigated. The annual number of participants in 12-hour runs increased significantly over time for athletes originating from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania (P < 0.05). Most of the runners participated in races taking place in the USA and also the most runners originated from the USA, which was followed alternately by Germany and France. Top ten European runners achieved the longest running distances with an average of 134.7±1.9 km for women and 155.8±2.5 km for men, facing the top three nations Russia, Germany and Japan with 130.7±2.6 km and 154.1±3.4 km, 131.8±3.5 km and 146.8±4.1km, 132.1±4.3 km and 144.9±1.3 km for the top ten women and men, respectively. To summarize, participation in 12-hour runs increased in the last 30 years. Europe was the continent with the highest annual number of participants and where the most runners came from. European top ten runners achieved the best performances. Future studies about 12-hour runs need to investigate up to what extent participation and performance trends depend on aspects like age, training, anthropometry, nutrition, experience, and weather.
Ultra-Endurance; Performance; Running
BRANNEN D, MILROY A. Across America on foot: the Bunion derbies of 1928 and 1929. A Step Beyond: A Definitive Guide to Ultrarunning. 2004; 280-289.
BURFOOT A. The history of the marathon: 1976-present. Sports Medicine. 2007; 37:284-287. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737040-00003
Cejuela, R., Cortell-Tormo, J., Chinchilla-Mira, J., Pérez-Turpin, J., & Villa, J. (2012). Gender differences in elite Olympic distance triathlon performances. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 7(2), 434-445. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.72.09
CHEUVRONT SN, HAYMES EM. Thermoregulation and marathon running: biological and environmental influences. Sports Medicine. 2001; 31:743-762. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131100-00004
ELY MR, CHEUVRONT SN, ROBERTS WO, MONTAIN SJ. Impact of weather on marathon-running performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2007; 39:487-493. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31802d3aba
HODGE K, ALLEN JB, SMELLIE L. Motivation in master sport: achievement and social goals. Psychology of sport and Exercise. 2008; 9:157-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.03.002
HOFFMAN MD. Anthropometric characteristics of ultramarathoners. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2008; 29:808-811. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1038434
HOFFMAN MD, ONG JC, WANG G. Historical analysis of participation in 161 km ultramarathons in North America. The International Journal of the History of Sport. 2010; 27:1877-1891. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2010.494385
HOFFMAN MD. Performance trends in 161-km ultramarathon. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2010; 31:31-37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1239561
HOFFMAN MD, WEGELIN JA. The Western States 100-Mile Endurance Run: participation and performance trends. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2009; 41:2191-2198. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a8d553
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HULTON AT, LAHART I, WILLIAMS KL, GODFREY R, CHARLESWORTH S, WILSON M, PEDLAR C, WHYTE G. Energy expenditure in the Race Across America (RAAM). International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2010; 31:463-467. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1251992
JEFFERY S, KNECHTLE B, RÜST C, KNECHTLE P, ROSEMANN T, LEPERS R. European dominance in Triple Iron ultra-triathlons from 1988 to 2011. Journal of Science and Cycling. 2012; 1: 30-38.
JEUKENDRUP AE, MARTIN J. Improving cycling performance: how should we spend our time and money. Sports Medicine. 2011; 31:559-569.
JOKL P, SETHI PM, COOPER AJ. Master's performance in the New York City Marathon 1983-1999. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004; 38:408-412. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.003566
KNECHTLE B, KNECHTLE P, LEPERS R. Participation and performance trends in ultra-triathlons from 1985 to 2009. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 2011a; 21:e82-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01160.x
KNECHTLE B, KNECHTLE P, ROSEMANN T, SENN O. Personal best time, not anthropometry or training volume, is associated with total race time in a triple iron triathlon. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011b; 25:1142-1150. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d09f0f
KNECHTLE B, KOHLER G. Running performance, not anthropometric factors, is associated with race success in a Triple Iron Triathlon. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009; 43:437-441. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.039602
KNECHTLE B, RÜST CA, ROSEMANN T, LEPERS R. Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance. Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands). 2012a; 34:1033-1045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-011-9290-9
KNECHTLE B, WIRTH A, KNECHTLE P, ROSEMANN T. Training volume and personal best time in marathon, not anthropometric parameters, are associated with performance in male 100-km ultrarunners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2010; 24:604-609. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c7b406
KNECHTLE B, WIRTH A, KNECHTLE P, RÜST CA, ROSEMANN T, LEPERS R. No improvement in race performance by naps in male ultra-endurance cyclists in a 600-km ultra-cycling race. The Chinese Journal of Physiology. 2012b; 55:125-133. https://doi.org/10.4077/CJP.2011.AMM050
LARSEN HB. Kenyan dominance in distance running. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2003; 136:161-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00227-7
LAURSEN P. Long distance triathlon: demands, preparation and performance. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 2011; 6:247-263. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2011.62.05
LEPERS R. Analysis of Hawaii ironman performances in elite triathletes from 1981 to 2007. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2008; 40:1828-1834. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817e91a4
LEPERS R, CATTAGNI T. Do older runners reach limits in their performance during marathon running? Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands). 2012; 34:773-781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-011-9271-z
LEPERS R, KNECHTLE B, KNECHTLE P, ROSEMANN T. Analysis of ultra-triathlon performances. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 2:131-136. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S22956
LUCIA A, ESTEVE-LANAO J, OLIVÁN J, GÓMEZ-GALLEGO F, SAN JUAN AF, SANTIAGO C, PÉREZ M, CHAMORRO-VIÑA C, FOSTER C. Physiological characteristics of the best Eritrean runners-exceptional running economy. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2006; 31:530-540. https://doi.org/10.1139/h06-029
MILROY A. Captain Barclay: nineteenth century super ultrarunner. A Step Beyond: A Definitive Guide to Ultrarunning. 2004; 258-263.
NOAKES T. Lore of running. 4th ed. South Africa: Oxford University Press. 2003; 460-467.
O'CONNOR LM, VOZENILEK JA. Is it the athlete or the equipment? An analysis of the top swim performances from 1990 to 2010. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011; 25:3239-3241. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182392c5f
ONYWERA VO, SCOTT RA, BOIT MK, PITSILADIS YP. Demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan endurance runners. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2006; 24:415-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500189033
PARISE CA, HOFFMAN MD. Influence of temperature and performance level on pacing a 161 km trail ultramarathon. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2011; 6:243-251. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.2.243
PIPE AL. International travel and the elite runner. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2011; 21:62-66. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e318205dfc9
Ruiz-Juan, F., & Zarauz, A. (2012). Predictor variables of motivation on Spanish master athletes. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 7(3), 617-628. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.73.02
SCOTT RA, GEORGIADES E, WILSON RH, GOODWIN WH, WOLDE B, PITSILADIS YP. Demographic characteristics of elite Ethiopian endurance runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2003; 35:1727-1732. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000089335.85254.89
SIGG K, KNECHTLE B, RÜST CA, KNECHTLE P, LEPERS R, ROSEMANN T. Central European triathletes dominate Double Iron ultratriathlon – analysis of participation and performance 1985–2011. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012; 3:159-168. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S37001
SKENDERI KP, KAVOURAS SA, ANASTASIOU CA, YIANNAKOURIS N, MATALAS AL. Exertional rhabdomyolysis during a 246-km continuous running race. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2006; 38:1054-1057. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000222831.35897.5f
TRAPASSO LM, COOPER JD. Record performances at the Boston Marathon: biometeorological factors. International Journal of Biometeorology. 1989; 33:233-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01051083
RÜST CA, KNECHTLE B, KNECHTLE P, LEPERS R, ROSEMANN T, ONYWERA V. European athletes dominate performances in Double Iron ultra-triathlons – A retrospective data analysis from 1985 to 2010. European Journal of Sport Science. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2011.641033
VIHMA T. Effects of weather on the performance of marathon runners. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2010; 54:297-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-009-0280-x
ZARYSKI C, SMITH DJ. Training principles and issues for ultra-endurance runners. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2005; 4:165-170. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CSMR.0000306201.49315.73


text:
Critical voices on the world bank and IMF
IFI governance
WB/IMF roles
Other International Financial Institutions
News Lens
CIFs Monitor
From issue 77 of The Bretton Woods Update
Access to energy for the poor: the clean energy option
Vasudha Foundation, Oil Change International, ActionAid International
Complaint from Machimar Adhikar Sangharsh Sangathan regarding Tata Ultra Mega
Energy Projects in Kosovo
GAP, KIPRED, FIQ
Matu People's Organisation letter about Vishnugad-Pipalkoti
IFIwatchnet
US NGO letter to Congress on energy strategy and capital increase
Friends Committee
US on both sides of new battle over assistance to 'ugly' coal-fired power plant
World Bank pipeline projects list
Clean energy targets for the World Bank
Energy for the poor: World Bank urged to make a clean break
Human rights and the World Bank's energy policy
Low carbon options ensuring energy security and energy access for all
National responses to World Bank's energy strategy review
New reports question World Bank's coal investments
The World Bank's conflicted role in energy
World Bank and power
World Bank clings to fossil fuels, stumbles on clean energy
World Bank energy strategy stalled
World Bank safeguards under scrutiny
World Bank's climate record in the dark
World Bank pushing dirty coal and massive hydro
The Bank's energy projects in Kosovo and India are being lambasted by critics for threatening livelihoods and the environment.
The Bank's energy strategy, which is supposed to be an input into the broader infrastructure review (see Update 77), is still stalled because of deadlock at the Bank board (see Update 76, 75). The Australian executive director at the Bank tried to broker a compromise over the controversial paragraph about whether it should continue funding coal-fired power plants in middle-income countries, but his tenure at the board ended before he was able to negotiate a solution.
In early September three Kosovar NGOs – KIPRED, FIQ and the GAP Institute – published a report on Energy Projects in Kosovo , which said the national energy strategy, "drafted by the government in cooperation with the World Bank, USAID, the European Commission, and others, fails to address quality-of-life issues. The whole process of developing new generation and distribution capacities has been marred by lack of transparency, discordance between international agencies and powers, and a failure to consult with civil society organisations."
What happened to public consultation?
The Bank is considering three coal-power related projects for Kosovo, including more financing for technical assistance, support to a private company to run a lignite (brown coal) mine and power plant, and a partial risk guarantee for the privatisation of electricity distribution to facilitate the new lignite plant's operations.
The NGOs fault the Bank for ignoring its own criteria for screening coal projects under the Strategic framework for development and climate change (see Update 71, 69). Instead "the Bank, in cooperation with the Kosovo government, is pushing for the privatisation of energy generation without carrying out other necessary studies and before addressing the issue of energy accountability. There are, as of now, no Bank studies on alternative energy sources, technical and commercial losses have not yet been tackled, energy efficiency is not a priority, and very little is being done in terms of developing projects that aim to address issues related to this field."
A mid July investigation published by newspaper The New York Times suggests the Bank is merely doing the bidding of the US, its major shareholder. It notes that while the US is opposing coal project finance from the Bank (see Update 69) it is supporting the lignite project because of "a complicated mix of geopolitics … and entrenched bureaucratic interests". This has made the Bank very nervous about the project and Bank officials insisted on speaking anonymously to the reporter writing the story.
In their report, the Kosovar NGOs recommend that prior to the lignite plant going forward the Bank should insist on "energy efficiency, reduction of technical and commercial losses of energy, and investment in transmission lines with neighbouring countries", as well as "studies on solar energy capacity, wind energy capacity, and energy capacity from geothermal sources."
Indian controversies
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Bank's private sector arm, investment in the Tata Mundra coal power plant (see Update 73, 59) is now stuck in limbo. It is being investigated by the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman, the adjudicator for disputes on IFC projects. Lodged by fishing and farming villagers, the complaint was accepted as eligible in July. It claims that due to flawed design and execution, including breaches of mandatory client obligations, the mammoth coal-fired power plant is destroying the livelihoods of thousands of families and will cause irreparable damage to fragile marine resources and agriculture.
However, increases in the cost of coal mean the plant may never be completed, suggesting that the IFC backed a project that was never commercially viable without implicit fossil fuel subsidies. Tata had planned to import coal from its affiliated mine in Indonesia at below-market prices, but thanks to a G20 commitment to phase out all fossil fuel subsidies, Indonesia will now require all overseas sales of coal to be benchmarked to prevailing international market prices. In early August the Indian government confirmed that it would not modify the power purchase contract to raise the tariff paid for power from the plant, putting into doubt the ability of the project to turn a profit. On top of that, in mid August the government of the Indian state of Gujarat, where the plant is located, appointed a retired supreme court judge to investigate accusations of corruption and abuse of power in the granting of land for the port where the coal would unloaded before being sent to the power plant.
Coal is not the only controversial energy source in India, as the Bank also announced in early August a $648 million loan for the 444 megawatt Vishnugad Pipalkoti hydro-power project in the northern state of Uttarakhand. In July 2010, project-affected villagers complained to the Bank about lack of consultation and improperly prepared Environmental Impact Assessments. Despite government assurances about consultation, in July 2011 the Matu Peoples' Organisation, which is representing affected villagers, wrote to the minister of environment complaining that "for the second time a very important study is going to be discussed in the [Expert Appraisal Committee on River Valley and Hydroelectric Projects] without putting it in the public domain. … Here the question arises what happened to public consultation? When did it happen? Without any public consultation and putting the report in public domain, the report has been given a green signal." The organisation is now demanding the cancellation of logging permits given to make way for the dam.
'Green' bonds?
In May the IFC announced that it has raised $135 million by issuing green bonds, the proceeds of which are reserved for "investing exclusively in renewable energy, energy efficient, and other climate-friendly projects in developing countries". However, it has transpired that these bonds are already being used to finance projects which fall under the Bank's definition of 'low-carbon', rather than 'renewable', a category that includes controversial energy projects whose climate and environmental impacts have been questioned (see briefing). The IFC admits that projects will include the "rehabilitation of power plants and transmission facilities", and already medium sized hydro-power projects are being financed.
Karen Orenstein of NGO Friends of the Earth US doubts the credibility of this initiative: "The jury is still out as to whether the IFC's green bonds are truly green or merely green-washing. In addition to funding climate friendly technologies like wind and solar, green bonds can also fund fossil fuel-based technologies and potentially large hydropower and industrial scale biomass. These are hardly 'green' initiatives."
A June report by Indian NGO Vasudha Foundation with Oil Change International and ActionAid International noted that "only 9 per cent of the World Bank Group's energy portfolio in [fiscal year] 2009 and 2010 targeted increasing energy access for the world's poorest", and called for the Bank to "increas[e] energy access for the poor through clean, decentralised energy sources."
A July letter from 48 US-based organisations to US legislators called on them to "make provision of funds for the general capital increase contingent on the World Bank Group adopting an energy sector strategy – with clear guidelines, metrics, and timetables – that: . finances only non-fossil-fuel-based clean energy technologies."
Despite the pressure from civil society groups, the politics of approving a final version of the new energy strategy will only get more complicated as the climate change negotiations scheduled for December in Durban, South Africa approach.
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The Bretton Woods Observer: Winter 2019
Ease of Doing Business – what does it conceal?
As India has risen in the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business rankings, it has seen other key development indicators slip.
Keeping the IMF accountable to women's rights and gender equality at the national level
New IMF gender guidance opportunity for civil society to keep its staff to account.
The Bretton Woods Project is a UK-based NGO that challenges the World Bank and IMF and promotes alternative approaches. We serve as an information provider, watchdog, networker and advocate. Our flagship publications are the Bretton Woods Observer , a quarterly critical review of developments at the World Bank and IMF, the Dispatch , a biannual analysis of the World Bank and IMF Spring and Annual Meetings, and the NewsLens , a bi-weekly roundup of key news and critical viewpoints published about the World Bank and IMF.
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Preston's College Men's basketball team got back to winning ways this weekend as they led from tip to buzzer in a 64-50 home victory over Leeds Tigers at home in National League Division Four.
Melkisidek Moreaux throws down the two-handed slam dunk during his side's win at home against Leeds Tigers.
In an entertaining first quarter the team struggled to get into any kind of offensive rhythm yet managed to squeeze out a one point lead at the end of the first quarter at 19-18. Joel Ufele and Jonny Joseph did most of the damage inside the paint with 15 points between them. The lead progressively increased as the first half came to an end with the home side in front 34-27. Yet in the third quarter they put the defensive clamps on the visitors by only allowing them just seven points by which time they had a commanding 47-34 lead. The team maintained the pressure throughout the fourth and ran out comfortable winners.
"It was great to get back in the win column" remarked Preston Head Coach Malcolm Leak. "We played much better defence than the week before against Newcastle. As the game progressed we ran Leeds into the ground and they couldn't adjust to that intensity.
In other action the U18 outfit easily took care of Sefton winning 69-48. The win takes them to a season-best 4-0 as they prepare to take on Cheshire Panthers at home this Saturday at 1600hrs.


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in: Creators J, Artists, Biographical Dictionary of British Comics: J
"Peggie, Peter and Nunky Noah", Fairyland Tales, 1924-39
George H. Jones drew for comics published by Trapps Holmes and Company, including Funny Cuts ("Onslow Slugg", "Claude the Fat Cop", "Sam and Tom!, all 1918) and Picture Fun ("Quips the Clown" and "Jackie Sharp", both 1919); the Amalgamated Press, including Tiger Tim's Weekly ("Funny Folks' Cottage", 1921), Playtime ("Teddy and Tilda", 1927) and Bo-Peep and Little Boy Blue ("The Mouse Boys", 1931); and John Leng, including Fairyland Tales ("Peggie, Peter and Nunky Noah" (1924-39) and Children's Holiday Fun (1927). He also worked for The Boys' and Girls' Daily Mail in 1933.
Alan Clark, Dictionary of British Comic Artists, Writers and Editors, The British Library, 1998, p. 86
Denis Gifford, Encyclopedia of Comic Characters, Longman, 1987, p. 162
Creators J
Biographical Dictionary of British Comics: J
More UK Comics Wiki
1 Walter Hottle Bottle
2 Finbarr Saunders
3 The Numskulls


I never like to use the word "chores" (ick!) when it comes to gardening, but let's face it…there are a few things we need to do each season to keep our garden healthy and productive. Frankly, the fall prep can be a little tough for me…after all, it can be hard to see how it will affect your garden months down the road. (Even when you know better 'cause you read all my good advice. :) But spring prep, now that's a diff story. You get to see the results of your efforts quickly, and besides, the first stirrings of spring is enough to prod you along to get these (not chores) done. And I don't know about you, but after this winter, I'd do anything to get outside, even prep! (Again, not chores.) So here is your spring garden checklist that you can start working on as the snow melts (and it will!) and the temperatures warm! Photo by 'Gardeners Supply'.
1. Pull out the toolbox, cause it's time to repair! Before you are kept busy pulling weeds, planting and designing, and harvesting veggies, make sure anything that has been put aside for repairs gets fixed. Stepping stones heaved from the ground? Time to lay them back in flush with the ground. Solar path lights not working? Repair or replace! While you are at it, make sure to get some spring gardening supplies for your little helper! Photo by 'Gardeners Supply'.
2. Time to cut it all back. Perennials and some shrubs need to have all the old dead growth cut back in early spring, to allow them to regrow with plenty of light and air circulation. (Also, it's prettier!) If you haven't cut back your ornamental grasses and rose bushes, the sooner the better. Learn how to prune rose bushes.
3. Clean it up! Scrub out containers to get them ready for new designs this spring and summer, any tools that missed your fall prep need to be cleaned and possibly oiled, birdhouses, ponds and fountains all need a good cleaning out and checking over. If your spring bulbs are covered with a mash of fall leaves, clean them up so they won't rot underneath. Need a project? Try our posts on how to build a pond, or DIY water container gardens.
Loving this spring garden checklist so far, right? I know, I know. But it has to be done, better have a plan!
4. Plant bare root roses and trees and shrubs. This is a great time to get good deals on bare root plants… get them in the ground before the weather warms too much. Tip: Make sure you already know where the plant is going to go when you bring it home… Bare root plants are great until they break dormancy, then you better hope they are in the ground already! It's really easy to set a new rose bush or two aside until you decide where to put them, only to find them dried out and stunted because they broke dormancy without the benefit of soil and water. We grow David Austin English roses for their amazing fragrance! (Oh, and they're gorge!) The variety below is called 'Olivia Rose Austin'.
5. If you have some perennials that were crowded last season, or you just want to create more plants, now is the time to divide those perennials.
6. Check for watering needs. If you have had a dry winter, make sure you give all your plants a good long drink to help them wake up to spring. In mid-late spring you can begin your fertilizing schedule.
7. Now the fun part of this spring gardening checklist…plant something! Early spring veggies, pansies and primroses, and new perennials are prime for planting in spring. Make sure after all the (not chores) you reward yourself by doing the one thing you've been waiting to do all winter…get your hands in the soil, and nurture a living plant (or five)!
Was that so hard? And besides, it got you out in the garden! I know, I say that a lot. :) If this spring garden checklist helped get you going, check out our posts on DIY compost bin projects and top organic fertilizers you can make!


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Comparative Drama
ScholarWorks > Arts&Sciences > English > COMPDR > Vol. 43 (2009) > Iss. 2
Evicted in—and from—Toronto: Walker's Beautiful City at Factory Theatre
J. Chris Westgate
George F. Walker's The East End Plays mark a break in the playwright's dramaturgy, a shift away from polemical plays toward more political plays. Specifically, Beautiful City, fourth in the published sequence of six plays, demonstrates a distinctly spatialized politics underlying Walker's dramaturgy. About the gentrification of Toronto during the 1980s, the period when this play was written and produced, these politics advocate primarily for community instead of condominiums; more theoretically, they advocate for awareness of the interplay of urban forms and urban lifestyles in ways that parallel arguments made in critical and cultural geography at this time. My argument unfolds along two tracks, the first of which considers the spatialized politics at work in the story and structure of Walker's play, foregrounding the ways that urban forms prove central to the conflicts of the play and how the play confronts audiences with what Walker describes as the "simple, ugly truth" about the future of Toronto. The second extends such concerns toward the original production at Factory Theatre in Toronto, specifically in terms of its purchasing and defending its new location at 125 Bathurst Street during the 1980s. During this production, the political argument of Walker's play was advanced through the public struggle to maintain this space; and, simultaneously, the play's argument served to endorse and further the efforts to maintain Factory Theatre by politicizing the theater's stewardship of the space against the backdrop of urban redevelopment in Toronto.
Westgate, J. Chris (2009) "Evicted in—and from—Toronto: Walker's Beautiful City at Factory Theatre," Comparative Drama: Vol. 43 : Iss. 2 , Article 4.
Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/compdr/vol43/iss2/4
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On April 22 St. Laurence Parish will present its 100th Anniversary Concert at the Upper Darby Performing Arts Center, featuring over 75 school students, alumni, adults and teens performing musical numbers, plus professional soloists, parish music groups and beautiful videos telling the story of our parish. Tickets will be on sale in the Tower after masses. Don't miss this once in a hundred years celebration!


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Membership Collective Group - 52 Year Dividend History | MCG
Dividend Yield History
Historical dividend payout and yield for Membership Collective Group (MCG) since 1971. The current TTM dividend payout for Membership Collective Group (MCG) as of January 27, 2023 is $0.00. The current dividend yield for Membership Collective Group as of January 27, 2023 is 0.00%.
Compare MCG With Other Stocks
Computer and Technology Internet Services $0.283B $0.561B
The Membership Collective Group provides global membership platform of physical and digital spaces which connects a vibrant, diverse and global group of members. The members use the MCG platform to work, socialize, connect, create and flourish all over the world. The Membership Collective Group is based in London, the United Kingdom.


Exploding into the midnight sky burning bright flying high, supernova reaches levels intensifying the mind. All of my senses engulfed by the flames, you stand there with this look on your face as if we've met before. White hot radioactive embers burning brightly through this space lifting levels of an a high then sinking deeper into the depths of the void. My soul set a blaze my light burning so brightly it's blinding, the white heated embers reaching every level possible to let you know of the rebirth. I alike the Phoenix arose from the ash, I'm alive. Reborn just as in life I am birth, I live and I die. This is my exit goodnight and goodbye.
This short is inspired by the lust for life. As we get older the illusion of immortality is fleeing. You come to the realization that dying is apart of life. In this world, in this space and time you are birth, you live, you die and you are still responsible for taxes.


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Translation app wins grand prize
by Tendani Mulaudzi | Mar 19, 2016
Aweza, the first South African multilingual app, has won the internationally-recognised Netexplo Grand Prix award in Paris.
Aweza, the first truly multilingual translation app that South Africa has seen, was recently awarded the prestigious Netexplo Grand Prix award in 2016 at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Paris.
The Netexplo Grand Prix award recognises any global mobile app that is leading in the digital innovation field, and is chosen by 200 experts from around the world. The organisation initially chooses 2000 projects to contend for the award, which are narrowed down to 10 finalists over a five-month process.
The app serves as a translation platform, translating between any of the 11 South African official languages. Aweza uses a crowd sourcing function to collect phrases and audio for pronunciation purposes in all the languages. Users are rewarded for contributing through gamification, which allows them to see their names climb up the leaderboard on the application.
PROUDLY SOUTH AFRICAN: Aweza translates between any of the 11 South African language, including English and Zulu.
"Aweza was born as a social upliftment initiative to embrace technology, both mobile and web-based, in order to bridge the language and cultural divide that we experience in South Africa," said 27-year-old Glenn Stein, inventor of Aweza, at the award winner's Netexplo presentation in Paris.
Aweza got the nod for successfully implementing community crowd sourcing and for efforts in communication improvement in South Africa, mainly in the education sphere. Aweza was recently bought by educational technology company, Fast Maths, a company "that strives to enable all students to reach their full potential", said Stein.
Using the Fast Maths platform, Aweza allows young South Africans who are not very fluent in English, to understand otherwise complicated terms in school subjects such as mathematics.
The purchase of Aweza by Fast Maths has given the app room for continual development through a bigger budget. Aweza plans to launch a bigger and better product shortly. "We want to expand our product to other countries where the same issues exist," said Stein. "We are building a structure that allows us to rapidly scale around the world and cater to different languages with little effort."
At the Netexplo presentation, technology expert Professor Julia Prior of the University of Technology in Sydney said, "Aweza opens up language avenues for people to connect to one another, but it is also very much about people through building up the language database and increasing the possibilities."
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Boklobben är en halvö i Åland (Finland). Den ligger i den norra delen av landskapet,  km norr om huvudstaden Mariehamn.

I omgivningarna runt Boklobben växer i huvudsak barrskog. Runt Boklobben är det glesbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer.  Inlandsklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C.

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Halvöar i Åland