text:
Q: Как правильнее всего получать столбец матрицы? Есть объект типа матрица. Сам объект представляет из себя размер матрицы и указатель на указатель на тип int. Если я хочу получить строку, то мне достаточно лишь возвращать в перегруженном операторе указатель из массива указателей, тогда я могу изменять элемент этой матрицы и получать значение, прописав что-то типа matrix[2][3]. Но что, если я захочу получать не строчку, а столбец? Пробовал создавать дополнительный объект внутри класса матрицы, который хранит указатель на матрицу и номер столбца. А потом для этого нового объекта перегружать оператор, чтоб получать элемент этого столбца через указатель на матрицу. Но я думаю, что есть более изящный способ. От туда и вопрос, как?

A:
указатель на указатель на тип int

Зря, лучше использовать одномерный массив размера N * M.
Возврату строк это не помешает. Если p - указатель на первый элемент, а w - ширина матрицы, то для i-ой строки возвращать указатель p + w * i.
А чтобы вернуть столбец, достаточно вернуть вспомогательный объект, хранящий q - указатель на первый элемент столбца, и w - ширину матрицы. Тогда, если у этого объекта спросить j-ый элемент столбца, он сможет вернуть q[w * j].


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text:
Q: Nested for loop using dict I am doing a Coursera python exercise and having trouble writing my code.
The question is as following:

Write a program to read through the mbox-short.txt and figure out who has the sent the greatest number of mail messages. The program looks for 'From ' lines and takes the second word of those lines as the person who sent the mail.
The program creates a Python dictionary that maps the sender's mail address to a count of the number of times they appear in the file. After the dictionary is produced, the program reads through the dictionary using a maximum loop to find the most prolific committer.

The sample text file is in this line:
http://www.pythonlearn.com/code/mbox-short.txt
And the expected output should be:
cwen@iupui.edu 5

This is my code:
name = raw_input("Enter file:")
if len(name) < 1 : name = "mbox-short.txt"
handle = open(name)
count = dict()

for line in handle:
    word = line.split()
    if line.startswith('From '):
        email = word[1]
        for sender in email:
            if sender not in count:
                count[sender] = count.get(sender, 0) + 1

bigcount = None
bigname = None
for name,count in count.items():
    if bigname is None or count > bigcount:
        bigname = name
        bigcount = count
print bigname, bigcount

The output I have is:
. 1

I think there is something wrong in "for sender in email" part, but couldn't figure out how it results in the undesired output.

A: The following loop is not appropriate in this situation because you are basically iterating over all the characters of the email address.
for sender in email:
   ...

That is why you are getting a character . when you print the email address with the largest count. You can easily see the effects once you print the count at the end of the loop.
Following checking is also redundant as you are implicitly checking it when you are getting the dictionary value with get method.
if sender not in count:
   ...

So, the final corrected code should be something like this.
name = raw_input("Enter file:")
if len(name) < 1:
    name = "mbox-short.txt"
handle = open(name)
count = dict()

for line in handle:
    word = line.split()
    if line.startswith('From '):
        count[word[1]] = count.get(word[1], 0) + 1
largest = 0
email = ''
for k in count:
    if count[k] > largest:
        largest = count[k]
        email = k
print largest, email

A: fname = input("Enter The File Name")
fhandle = open(fname,'r')

sender = dict()
for line in fhandle:
    if line.startswith("From "):
        sender[line.split()[1]] = sender.get(line.split()[1],0) + 1

max_key = None
max_val = None

for key,value in sender.items():
    if max_val is None or max_val < value :
        max_val = value
        max_key = key

print(max_key,max_val)

A: name = raw_input("Enter file:")
if len(name) < 1 : name = "mbox-short.txt"
handle = open(name)
words = list()
counts = dict()

for line in handle:
    words = line.split()
    if words == []: continue
    if words[0] != 'From': continue
    counts[words[1]] = counts.get(words[1],0) + 1
    #print counts

maxval = None
maxkey = None

for kee, val in counts.items():
    if maxval == None: maxval = val
    if maxval < val:
        maxval = val
        maxkey = kee
print maxkey, maxval

A: name = raw_input("Enter file:")
if len(name) < 1 : name = "mbox-short.txt"
fl = open(name)

#fl=open('C:\Users\Algoritm\Documents\Python Coursera\mbox-short.txt')
lst=list()
count=dict()

#scan the file and create a list
for lines_in_the_file in fl:
xx=lines_in_the_file.rstrip().split()
if not lines_in_the_file.startswith('From '): continue #if in the line keep it
word=lines_in_the_file.split()
#print word[1]
xx=word[1]
#for index in xx: #find repeted words in the list Word
lst.append(xx)

#print lst
lis=lst
for x in lis:
count[x]=count.get(x,0)+1

#print  count
bigcount=None
bigwords=None

for x, y in count.items():
if bigcount is None or y>bigcount:
   bigwords=x
   bigcount=y
print bigwords, bigcount

A: name = input("Enter the file name:")
handle = open(name)
new = dict()
#count = 0
for line in handle:
 word = line.split()
 if line.startswith("From "):
    new[word[1]] = new.get(word[1],0) + 1
largest = 0
email = None
for k,v in new.items():
 if email is None or v > largest:
    largest = v
    email = k
print (email,largest)

A: fname=input('enter the file name: ')
d=dict()
try:
    fhand=open(fname,'r')
except:
    print('file not found')
    exit()

for line in fhand:

    if line.startswith("From:"):
        srt=line.find(' ')
        sl=line[srt:-1]

        if sl not in d:
            d[sl]=1
        else:
            d[sl]+=1

print(d)
largest= 0
email=''

for key in d:
    if d[key] > largest:
        largest=d[key]
        email=key
print(email,': ',largest)

A: I am taking the same Coursera Python course. Since I am new at it, I am sharing my code for the Assignment. To me the key part was first to use if not line, then split it.

counts=dict()
fname=input('Enter file: ')
if len(fname)<1:
    fname='mbox-short.txt'
else:
    print('Error')
    quit()
fhand=open(fname)

for line in fhand:
    if not line.startswith('From '):
        continue
    words=line.split()
    counts[words[1]]=counts.get(words[1],0)+1

key=None
num=0
for k,v in counts.items():
    if key is None or v > num:
        num=v
        key=k
print (num, key)

A: name = input("Enter file:")
if len(name) < 1 : name = "mbox-short.txt"
name = "mbox-short.txt"
handle = open(name)
text = handle.read()
#words = text.split()

words = list()

for line in handle:
    if not line.startswith("From:") : continue
    line = line.split()
    words.append(line[1])

counts = dict()

for word in words:
           counts[word] = counts.get(word, 0) + 1

maxval = None
maxkey = None
for key,val in counts.items() :
#   if maxval == None : maxval = val
  if val > maxval:
      maxval = val
      maxkey = key

print (maxkey, maxval)

A: counts = dict()
name = input("Enter file:")
if len(name) < 1 : name = "mbox-short.txt"
fhand = open(name)
for line in fhand:
       line = line.rstrip()
       if not line.startswith('From ') : continue
       words = line.split()
       counts[words[1]]=counts.get(words[1],0)+1
st = 0
for k in counts:
       if counts[k] > st :
       st = counts[k]
       addy = k
print (addy, st)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Svalbard Museum is a museum in Longyearbyen, the largest town in the Svalbard archipelago. The museum displays artifacts from the history of Svalbard since its settlement, and exhibits of local plants and animals. Its exhibitions describe the factors that support human activity in Svalbard, showing the close relationship between nature and human cultural history on the islands. "Life in Light and Ice" is the museum's core exhibit. It describes the history of the archipelago, from the first whalers to the present society based on mining, research, and tourism.

The museum is housed in the University Centre in Svalbard building.

The Svalbard Museum was awarded the 2008 Council of Europe Museum Prize, awarded annually by the Committee on Culture, Science and Education of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (under the European Museum of the Year Award scheme of the European Museum Forum). The award is given annually to a European museum which (among other criteria) is judged to have made a significant contribution to the understanding of European cultural heritage.

References

External links
Svalbard Museum website

Museums in Svalbard
History museums in Norway
Local museums in Norway
University Centre in Svalbard

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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ExaGrid's hyper-converged secondary storage for backup system was put to the ultimate test by Cheshire Medical Center, which had selected ExaGrid for backup protection and data loss prevention.
Cheshire Medical Center is an affiliate of the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Health system. The medical center is located in the U.S. in the state of New Hampshire and provides primary care, specialty medicine, surgical services, and acute inpatient care.
Malicious malware threats are top-of-mind concerns for IT staff, particularly for those charged with safeguarding confidential information. It is critical to have backups insulated from such threats since backups may be the last line of defense. "These days, with all of the virus attacks, there is so much to worry about—some hospitals have even had to pay a ransom to get their data back! Fortunately, that's not something I've had to lose sleep over. ExaGrid's built-in security features limit share access to only the device that's backing up to it. Infections tend to be spread from workstations or PCs, but because ExaGrid only allows for very specific pre-defined connections, viruses can't spread into the backup system," said Tilton.
Read the complete Cheshire Medical Center customer success story to learn more about the medical center's experience using ExaGrid.


India is finally done with all its international games before the World Cup. The season didn't end well as India lost its first home series under Virat Kohli's captaincy to the Aaron Finch-led Australia. The players will now head to their respective franchises for the gala event IPL and regroup directly before the World Cup. India plays its first game against South Africa on the 30th of May at the Rose Bowl in Southampton.
While many spots have been finalized as far as the playing XI is concerned, few spots are still in contention and the team management hasn't yet finalized on all the 15 players that would tour England later this year. After the series loss against Australia, many questions have still been left unanswered which the team was looking to answer over the past year and a half. Most of the spots are certain. The top 3 along with finishers in MS Dhoni, Kedar Jadhav, and the bowling department is almost decided. However, there are still some places in the 15 up for grabs.
We will look at the remaining players whose place is still uncertain and the upcoming IPL season will play a huge role in determining their selections for the World Cup, no matter how unfortunate that sounds.
Ambati Thirupathi Rayudu had a great beginning to the season, having satisfactory outings against the West Indies. He even had a reasonable time in the Asia Cup. In the last two seasons, India's top 3 have scored a whopping 20 hundreds, while the rest of squad have 1 century among them, combined. The century came from the willow of Rayudu against the Windies at home.
Just when Virat Kohli and the team management felt that their middle order conundrum was resolved, it has come back to haunt them again. Barring a 90 in NewZealand, Rayudu has been inconsistent with the bat in the last two tours. He scored a mere 33 runs at an abysmal average of 11 and a strike rate of 55 against Australia.
He has failed to read line and lengths and has a definitive weakness against pace. Considering England and pace bowling, his place could still be under question and Rayudu has to have a decent IPL to assure the selectors that he is in good form.


Bring your family and friends to Cook Park to celebrate Independence Day with fireworks, music, and food. The celebration begins at 6:00 pm and fireworks will begin at dusk. Come early to get a great view of the fireworks spectacular. The Park District will be selling food, drinks, and glow necklaces. Hosted by the Village of Wauconda, it has been a well-attended event that offers an opportunity for families and friends to celebrate an evening together.
Red White & Boom 2013 – Adventures in Lincolnshire!
The fun begins on Wednesday, July 3 with live entertainment, food and beer tent, carnival games and a classic car show. Then on Thursday, July 4 start early with the famous Pancake Feast, then join us for the 5K run, followed by the bicycle and stroller contest, the annual 4th of July parade, the Cardboard Boat Regatta, touch a truck, live music, food and ending with the fireworks extravaganza.
Venture out to Community Park for an evening of live music by The Soda and fireworks on July 3rd. Bring a picnic dinner or dine on food and beverages available from local vendors. The on the 4th enjoy the parade. Route starts at Falkirk and Lagoon and ends at Village Hall with a flag raising ceremony.
Celebrate Independence Day with us at the Great America 4th Fest! This patriotic celebration will feature everything there is to love about the 4th all in one place. Great specialty foods all weekend and great fireworks show on the 4th.
Then 4th of July Parade celebration begins with Run for Freedom at 8am, followed by the Fire Department's 100th Year Anniversary activities with them leading the parade at 10:30am on Main St. A sports tournament follows at William's Park. Co-ed softball and sand volleyball, horseshoe tournament and a baggo tournament.
The parade will start at 10am and will run from Barrington High School to the train station and will celebrate the wonderful community spirit of Barrington with lively bands, classic cars, local performers, and decorative floats, all embodying this years theme, America  Land of Hopes and Dreams Homegrown in Barrington. This years parade will highlight America, a land of such great opportunity, where hopes and dreams can come to life with the belief that all things are possible.
Bring the family and come out and watch Lake Bluff's 103rd Annual 4th of July Parade. This year's theme for the parade will be Let Patriotism Grow. The parade steps off from Oak Avenue on E. Center Avenue. Then head over to Artesian Park for the Family Fair from 11:30am-3:30pm.
Come out and enjoy an evening of great food, music, fireworks and fun. Celebrate the 4th beginning at 6pm,(gates open at 5pm) with Dennis DeYoung and the music of Styx. Food provided by Lovell's of Lake Forest. Admission tickets are $10 for Lake Bluff/Lake Forest residents and $15 for non-residents. Parking fees. VIP tickets, Family VIP pack tickets and Dennis DeYoung Meet and Greet tickets are also available.
Bring the family out for a day of great fun, music, carnival rides, Taste of Summer, a boat parade and fireworks at Paulus Park. Live entertainment will include DJ39 & Holding, StateLine Band, Battle of the Bands and One Foot in the Groove Band. Residents & beach pass holders admission for adults is $2, age 17 and under free. Bring a valid driver's license for proof of residency Non-residents: Ages 4 and up $7 and ages 3 and under free.
The Village Band will perform a special concert of patriotic music and other favorites beginning at 7:30pm. The fireworks will go off from Butler Lake Park.
Enjoy family fun, music and fireworks at the 4th of July celebration at the Village of Round Lake Beach Cultural & Civic Center. From 6pm-7pm, The Round Lake Area Park District's Community Band will perform patriotic favorites. Then, from 7:30 – 9:30 pm, "SODA" will be performing oldies, today's hits and more on the Village of Round Lake Beach Cultural Center's Outdoor Stage.
Fireworks will take place approximately at dusk.
The day begins with the Bike Decorating Contest for Children 4-12 on the corner of Deerpath & atrium Drive. Then the parade steps off at 9:00am. The evening events start with live entertainment featuring the Big Fun Band in Century Park at 6:30 to 9:30. Location of events and fireworks is at Century Park.
Bring the family to the Lakefront in Waukegan after the sun goes down for the July 4th Fireworks show. The show will be visible along Waukegan Harbor and Sheridan Road. Arrive early for the fireworks show.
Bring the family out for the 4th of July festival. Enjoy all-star baseball games, concerts, a fun fair, games, kiddie rides, fishing derby, candy scramble, family games, food, fireworks and much more.
Browse more 4th of July weekend events!
How do you plan on celebrating the 4th of July in Lake County?
Nice page!! I noticed you do not have a facebook share icon to promote the events listed and the County with friends that live all around the world with me and many. I promoted the county a while back with a letter to The Lake County Journal. It was published and very long. Promote Shaw Media, the Journal and NW Herald in your work here. Good people that share a lot about things in the county. They may even promote your page.


text:
Home > Information > News > COVID-19: FG not yet convinced of schools re- opening – Nwajiuba
COVID-19: FG not yet convinced of schools re- opening – Nwajiuba
chukannabuifeISSUES September 11, 2020 Information, News
By Maureen Ikpeama
The Federal Government says it is not yet convinced that schools should be re-opened for academic exercise after their closure due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Minister of State for Education, Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba, made this known on Thursday in Abuja at a meeting of the Presidential Task Force (PTF) on COVID-19 with the Northern Traditional Leaders Committee (NTLC) on National Primary Health.
The meeting which was presided over by the Minister of Information and Culture on behalf of the Chairman of PTF and Secretary to the Government of the Federation, Boss Mustapha, was to seek the support of the traditional rulers towards preventing community spread of COVID-19.
Responding to a question from Sultan of Sokoto, His Eminence Sa'ad Abubakar, on school reopening. Nwajiuba said that the federal government is still evaluating the situation.
"At the moment, we have not come to the point where we can say we are convinced that schools can manage themselves and reopen comfortably.
"Our teams have gone out and we will use the whole of this week and next week to do a proper evaluation. We are going round to see the level of compliance but most importantly we are waiting to get an update on all the facilities in every part of Nigeria. So, it is a work in progress," he said.
Nwajiuba said that the government strongly believed in the opinions of experts that 15 per cent of transmission of the pandemic is from school environment and that was why they proposed remodeling of classes.
"We believe the experts that the school system is a suspect place for transmission and that is why we are working with them, particularly on guidelines.
"We are suggesting that classes be remodeled if there are no enough classrooms for social distancing,
"We can do tier system, some can come in the morning, may be the junior classes and the senior classes can come in the afternoon.
"We are also working on contacted COVID-19. We quickly isolated him and he recovered in time to join the class back. But that showed that these places are sources of spread," he said.
The minister underscored the need to collaborate with the states for a seamless and safe reopening of schools, particularly at the primary level.
He said the states were trying to look at their peculiar situation using the national guidelines. He stressed the need for the collaboration of the monarchs to prevent community spread of the pandemic.
Earlier, the Sultan underscored the need for the PTF to put adequate measures in place before schools are reopened to prevent transmission.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
L'agró de Bennu (Ardea bennuides) és un ardèid extint i molt gran de la zona on ara són els Emirats Àrabs Units. Es creu que aquest ocell podria haver estat la inspiració de la deïtat Bennu a la mitologia egípcia, d'aquí el seu nom científic.

Descripció

Les restes de l'agró de Bennu foren trobades l'any 1977 en el jaciment arqueològic d'Umm al-Nar, al golf Pèrsic. S'han datat entre el 2700 i el 1800 aC.

Era molt gran i, a partir de restes descobertes, és possible que fes aproximadament 2 m d' alçada i fins a 2,7 metres envergadura. Per tant, supera la mida de l'agró goliat, l'espècie viva més gran de la família dels ardèids .

Referències

Animals d'extinció recent
Ardea


text:
Bluto's 90th Birthday!
Animator Breakdown: "Mickey's Circus" (1936)
Part of a Balanced Breakfast
Did Walt Disney eat breakfast? We know he loved Denver omelettes and fried potatoes at Biff's diner near the Disney Studio but did Walt ever gobble down cereal before driving his daughters to school?
Disney's connection with cereal products goes back to 1934 when merchandising genius, Kay Kamen, signed a deal with General Foods. Incredibly, Kamen got General Foods to agree to pay a million and a half dollars to put Mickey Mouse and his friends on the back of its Post Toasties boxes for one year. To put that price in perspective, in today's dollars it would be over $30 million.
Even more remarkable, this deal was during the Great Depression when people could barely afford food, let alone toys for their children. However, for twelve cents, a person could purchase a box of Post Toasties ("made of corn grits sugar and salt") that could supply a reasonably affordable breakfast plus Disney character cut-outs on the back and side of the box that kids could play with after they had finished the cereal. It was hoped that children would urge their parents to buy this particular cereal in order to have the "toys."
The boxes were an immediate success so that within a year, other film and radio stars from Shirley Temple to Popeye to Tom Mix found themselves on cereal boxes.
The Post Toasties boxes changed the marketing of children's cereal forever with future cereal boxes presenting drawings, a game or something like the cut-outs rather than having children simply mail in box tops and change to Battle Creek, Michigan for a premium.
Post Toasties cereal was sold in Disney-character boxes until 1941. There were close to 100 different boxes including some devoted to Ferdinand the Bull, the Three Little Pigs, and even Disney's animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
An interesting side note is that Mickey didn't appear on the front of the box until 1935. Also, in 1938, Post (General Foods) released the first Disney cereal premium on its Huskies (its version of Wheaties) brand. Children could send away for a cereal bowl with Snow White's portrait. It would be almost a decade before the next Disney cereal premium.
The General Foods deal was immensely profitable for the Disney Studios. Kamen eventually negotiated that Disney would receive a five percent royalty on each box of cereal printed with Disney characters regardless of actual sales of the cereal. The result was millions of dollars for the struggling Disney Studios.
However, as popular as Mickey Mouse was, the star of Disney merchandise was Donald Duck, who appeared on countless products including Donald Duck 3 Minute Oats (a Quaker Oats rival) from the National Oats Company. It was produced from 1943-1945 and guaranteed that in only three minutes the consumer could cook a healthy breakfast.
Apparently, the cereal was produced in two or three different sizes and while Donald was prominently featured on the front of the round container, Mickey, Pluto and Goofy were only allowed to appear on the back.
I have been told there was also a Donald Duck Corn Flakes cereal in the late 1940s. Why people would choose a cereal simply because of Donald Duck's picture on the box remains a constant puzzlement but Donald was such a sought-after spokesman that he sold everything from orange juice to rice to bread to more over the years because he was so popular.
In 1947, both Cheerios and Wheaties from General Mills offered four sets of original Disney comic books. Set Y included the famous Carl Barks's story: Donald Duck's Atomic Bomb.
The bright yellow Cheerios boxes each showcased one of the following Disney animated superstars: Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Pluto and… B'rer Rabbit, who was being promoted in connection with the original release of Song of the South.
This promotion was so popular that General Mills repeated it in 1950 with its Cheerios and Wheaties cereal where another four sets of original Disney comics could be ordered. In 1954, General Mills released a set of eight 3-D Disney comic books as a mail-in premium.
Advertising promoted that you could get "eight comic books for only 15 cents and one Wheaties boxtop. All new stories. Not sold in stores."
Even though each individual comic book was about one-third the size of a regular comic book, it was still a great deal, especially since Quaker Oats at the same time was only offering Gabby Hayes comics. Gabby Hayes may have been a popular Western cowboy sidekick but his adventures couldn't compare with the Disney characters.
Of course, who could forget the "Fun Masks" of Disney characters on the back of boxes of Wheaties in 1950? There was a set of eight cutout fun masks (Mickey, Donald, Pinocchio, Dumbo, Lucifer the cat, Cinderella, Bambi and Br'er Rabbit). Cinderella and Lucifer were selected to help promote the release of Cinderella that year.
"Just think of the fun you'll have with these bright colored masks of famous Walt Disney characters. Surprise your friends. Give Walt Disney shows. Wear 'em at parties. They're right on the Wheaties boxes… ready to cut out and wear. Get all eight masks and have a barrel of fun!"
Kellogg's had a brief flirtation with Disney cereal premiums in the 1950s, including a very odd Donald Duck ring (Donald's head swiveled and his eyes glowed like something out of The Exorcist) on Pep (their version of Wheaties).
"It's Moveable. It's Mysterious! Donald Duck acts ALIVE on your finger!" claimed the advertising that sounds scary today but enticed many a youngster in the '50s.
Kellogg's was also responsible for a set of twelve thin plastic statuettes of Lady, Tramp, Trusty, Toughy, Boris, Jock, Pedro, Dachsie, Bull, Peg, Si and Am to tie in with the animated feature release in 1955.
"Use for party decoration. For a knick-knack shelf. Sew them on your beanie or sweater. Trade them with your friends. Start with the one inside. Collect all twelve! Authentic Walt Disney creations! 3-Dimensional! Sturdy plastic."
Once the Disney Studios entered into television with its own show in 1954, there was an edict not to get involved with food products in order to avoid conflicts between potential sponsors. Walt didn't want a company not to advertise on his television show because a competitor was showcasing Disney characters on its product.
This was not always an easy rule to enforce because of existing contracts from Donald Duck Orange Juice to Tinker Bell shilling for Peter Pan Peanut Butter (from Derby Foods, one of the first sponsors of the Disneyland television program). So there were always exceptions where money and promotion were involved.
General Mills finished a run of its licensing with Disney with six "wiggle pictures" (lenticular) that moved from one image to another when you moved them. Mickey, Bongo the bear, Dumbo, Donald, Pluto and… Hippy Hippo?
Disney's cereal history is so rich that I couldn't mention everything like the 10-inch vinyl inflatable Mickey Mouse from Quaker Oats "Muffets" cereal in 1948 or the 1959 General Mills Cocoa Puffs boxes with the "Mickey Mouse Cartoon Theater." Maybe I'll revisit the topic again in the future but right now I have an urge for a bowl of cereal.
Kellogg'sMickey MousePost CerealsWalt Disney
One of my earliest memories is of going down the cereal aisle in the supermarket and seeing row after row of Hanna-Barbera characters on the shelves. So it's interesting to read about Disney's pioneering efforts in the field of cereal promotions a generation earlier. I wonder if my parents ever played with those Post Toasties cut-outs when they were little.
About 25 or 30 years ago I recall seeing the stars of Disney Renaissance features on boxes of Kellogg's Corn Flakes: Ariel, Simba, Aladdin and Jasmine, Belle and the Beast, and so on. It struck me as odd that such beautiful films were being used to promote such a bland breakfast cereal, but maybe that was the point.
That reminds me. Some time ago I was browsing in an imported candy shop when I noticed boxes of… Little Mermaid cereal, from General Mills! The mermaid pictured on the box had purple hair, so it clearly wasn't a Disney tie-in. The cereal itself appears to be a sugary confection consisting of orange stars and green fish tails. I was tempted to buy it, but at $15 a box it was an easy temptation to resist.
Tim Vaughn
I sure do miss Post Toasties, they were much better than Kellogg's corn flakes.
Even better than Wheaties?
Yup. Never was a fan of Wheaties.
"…going down the cereal aisle in the supermarket and seeing row after row of Hanna-Barbera characters on the shelves."
** sigh ** Ah, the stuff that dreams are made of.
Allow me to plug our colleague Tim Hollis' superb book, "Part of a Complete Breakfast: Cereal Characters of the Baby Boom Era," a sparkling gem in every animation library.
https://smile.amazon.com/Part-Complete-Breakfast-Cereal-Characters/dp/081304149X/ref=sr_1_1?crid=6Z9UYWTO4SJI&keywords=Tim+hollis+complete+breakfast&qid=1660326064&sprefix=tim+hollis+complete+breakfast%2Caps%2C125&sr=8-1
Old enough to remember …
— LIFE cereal containing little punchout puppets of "Bambi" characters in the 60s. The back of the box became a theater.
— Nabisco cereals (if I recollect correctly) had little plastic chimneys that either Mary Poppins or Bert would pop out of. They were like the Crackerjack prizes of the time: One color plastic, snap-together.
— Those toys/puppets/cookie jars that came filled with cereal. Never tried, but remember the commercial. First of all, what was the pitch after you collected all two? Second, what was up with costuming Mickey as a clown and Donald as an astronaut?
— Donald Duck Orange Juice. Very faintly recall snapping plastic things onto the empty cans to make a toy train. A premium?
— A late entry was Great Honey Crunchers, with Winnie the Pooh as spokesbear. Insert your own fiber joke.
I was gifted with a Mickey Mouse toaster many years ago. A digital chip plays the Mickey Mouse Club March but it fails to imprint Mickey's face on the toast as advertised.
Actually, there were four characters. Winnie the Pooh and Kanga (with little Roo painted on the container) were also available to promote the release of "Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree" (1966).
M.KIrby
Do you have to pay Stu Shostak a licence fee for the clapping at the end of the Cheerios Kid and Donald ad?
DAVID CARLTON
A couple of years ago I was a looking for Raisin Bran and saw Kung Fu Panda Coco Puffs and How To Train Your Dragon Fruity Puffs on the cereal aisle. These were made by Mom Brands. I bought them instead of the Raisin Bran just for the artwork. The cereal itself was nothing to brag about – but I'm not one to waste food. I had to admit I felt like a kid again – just for a little while.


Dorothy G. Hamilton, a noted educator who developed learning programs for teachers working with educationally disadvantaged children, died Monday of thymoma, a rare cancer of the thymus gland, at Gilchrist Center for Hospice Care. The Columbia resident was 77.
She was born Dorothy Gettel in Baltimore and raised in Govans. She was exposed to nontraditional teaching methods at an early age when she attended Campus Elementary School - later Lida Lee Tall School - from 1934 to 1940, on the campus of what is now Towson University.
Dr. Hamilton was a 1946 graduate of Eastern High School and earned her bachelor's degree in education from Towson University in 1950. She earned a master's degree in educational supervision and curriculum from Columbia University in 1959, and her doctorate from the University of Southern California in intercultural education and educational psychology in 1978.
In 1950, Dr. Hamilton began teaching in Baltimore public schools, and the next year transferred to Baltimore County public schools, where she was a teacher and curriculum coordinator at Carroll Manor, Scotts Branch, Stoneleigh and Rodgers Forge elementaries.
She worked in New York City as a religious educator for the Board of American Missions of the United Lutheran Church of America for a year before returning to Baltimore County public schools in 1956.
In 1961, she married Charles Edward Hamilton Sr., an educator who later became director of the federal Title I program for Baltimore County public schools.
From 1965 to 1969, Dr. Hamilton taught at Myersville Elementary School in Frederick County. After her husband was appointed superintendent of public schools in Burlington, Vt., in 1969, she taught for four years at an elementary school there.
In 1973, the couple moved to Gaithersburg, and she began teaching in Montgomery County public schools.
She later was promoted to staff development instructor, training specialist, curriculum writer and resource teacher.
"These positions allowed her to share her knowledge of effective teaching methods with her professional colleagues throughout the country," said her son, Charles E. Hamilton Jr. of Seattle.
Dr. Hamilton traveled throughout the nation, Canada, Japan, the Virgin Islands, Germany, Turkey and China, presenting workshops on educational topics.
After her 1990 retirement, she and her husband established Hamilton Associates, an educational consulting firm. Mr. Hamilton died in 2004. Dr. Hamilton was a consultant to Montgomery County's Program of Assessment Diagnosis and Instruction, also called PADI.
"She developed programs and techniques for PADI that helped classroom teachers bring disadvantaged children to the levels needed so they could take part in programs for the gifted," her son said.
Donnelly Gregory, retired coordinator of teacher development for Montgomery County public schools, said she worked with Dr. Hamilton for about a quarter-century and was familiar with her technique for working with disadvantaged children.
"These were educationally or culturally disadvantaged kids who weren't expected to do so well. We would screen kindergarten and first-grade students to find their abilities and through this process we'd find what skills and strengths they had and their potential," Mrs. Gregory said.
"Dorothy would go from school to school demonstrating to teachers how they could gear their teaching toward helping these kids become gifted students," she said. "She was a vigorous person who kept the students in the classroom spellbound and challenged. She had very powerful techniques, and because she was an outstanding teacher, she changed thousands of them who saw her work."
"She developed a system she called Picture Thoughts, which was used by teachers to integrate art appreciation into other disciplines. For example, she'd use a painting as a starting point of a discussion of the science behind the weather depicted in the image," her son said.
Dr. Hamilton, who also used classical music in teaching other subjects, was the author of Picture Thoughts: Critical Thinking Through Visual Arts, published in 1989.
Dr. Hamilton's work earned her the 1980 Judith Ruchkin Research Award for her dissertation on cooperative learning from the Maryland Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. In 1981, the National Science Teachers Association presented her with its Ohaus Award for developing an innovative science curriculum.
In 1987, Dr. Hamilton was named Montgomery County Public Schools' Outstanding Teacher of the Gifted.
Dr. Hamilton, who retired in 2001, enjoyed collecting art, traveling and reading.
She was an active member of the Lutheran Church of the Living Word, 5885 Robert Oliver Place, Columbia, where a memorial service will be held at 2 p.m. Sunday.
Also surviving are two sisters, Joy Wheeler of Towson and Jean Reier of York, Pa.


text:
Tyler Robbins	in Apologetics, Trinity	 August 13, 2013 2,709 Words
How Well Do You Know the Trinity?
How well do you know the doctrine of the Trinity? Could you explain, from the Scriptures, that Jesus was God? Could you explain how the Christian understanding of Christ as God doesn't make us tri-thiests, or people who believe in three Gods?
Watch the video below, a short five minute clip from a Unitarian who believes Jesus was a created being, and not a person of the Godhead. This video is heresy! Could you answer his argument? After the video, see a short explanation on the historical development of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity!
What you just watched was heresy. Now, I'll give a short account of how the orthodox Trinitarian doctrine developed:
How the Doctrine of the Trinity Developed
When you consider "how the teaching of the Trinity developed," it is important to understand that we are not talking about how men made up this doctrine. We're talking about the struggle to precisely put into words the body of faith received from Christ and His disciples. This oral tradition, or body of faith, had acted as a conduit for correct doctrine and had eventually been set down in writing at the prompting of the Holy Spirit (1 Pet 1:21). So, we're not discussing how men made this doctrine up, but how they struggled to precisely synthesize and define a doctrine clearly taught in the Scriptures.
There are five basic phases in the historical development of the Triune God, each often overlapping with one another; the economic concept, dynamic monarchism, modalism, Arianism and orthodoxy.[1] The very early church in general did not concern itself with deep theological reflection; therefore these various heretical doctrines generally emerged in conflict with orthodoxy in the mid to late 2nd century and early 3rd century. The church was chiefly concerned with basic survival amidst intense periods of persecution. "The process of organizing itself and propagating the faith and even the struggle for survival in a hostile world precluded much serious doctrinal reflection."[2]
Economic Concept
This economic development dealt with the roles of the specific persons of the Godhead rather than the ontological development and its implications. Early church fathers who developed the economic concept include Hippolytus, Tertullian and Justin Martyr. Their conclusion was that God consists of one identical substance which is extended into three distinct manifestations.[3]
Justin Martyr, writing in the mid 2nd century likened this to one fire kindled from another; "which is not lessened when it has kindled [another], but remains the same; and that which has been kindled by it likewise appears to exist by itself, not diminishing that from which it was kindled."[4]
Tertullian, writing sometime between 197-217 A.D., characterized this as a unity of substance and remarked,
Even when the ray is shot from the sun, it is still part of the parent mass; the sun will still be in the ray, because it is a ray of the sun—there is no division of substance, but merely an extension.[5]
Tertullian went on, "the material matrix remains entire and unimpaired, though you derive from it any number of shoots possessed of its qualities."[6]
Tertullian actually formulated the concept of later orthodoxy, "one essence in three persons" in his attack on modalism. In his polemic on Praxeas, written no earlier than 208 A.D., he wrote again of a unity of substance which was distributed into a Trinity;
placing in their order the three Persons—the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost: three, however, not in condition, but in degree; not in substance, but in form; not in power, but in aspect; yet of one substance, and of one condition, and of one power, inasmuch as He is one God, from whom these degrees and forms and [l3] aspects are reckoned, under the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.[7]
This economic concept of the Trinity is orthodox but incomplete. Erickson lamented about a "certain vagueness" in the economic concept of the Trinity. "Any effort to come up with a more exact understanding of just what it means will prove disappointing." [8]
Dynamic Monarchism
This concept was an attempt by the early church to actually define the relationship between Christ and God. The main proponent of monarchism was Theodotus, who brought the doctrine to Rome about 190 A.D. He sought to preserve the supremacy of God the Father at the expense of God the Son.[9] Jesus was not really God; God was simply working through Him.
Theodotus "did not deny Christ's birth from a virgin . . . but he did deny his divinity, teaching that he was a mere man upon whom the Holy Spirit descended at the time of his baptism, in consequence of which he became the Christ, received power to fulfill his special mission and by his righteousness was raised above all other men. The descent of the Holy Spirit, however, although raising him to a very exalted position, did not make him divine."[10]
The concept was that Christ was elevated to an exalted position, a sort of "moral oneness" with God.[11]
A key proof-text for this concept was 1 Cor 5:19,[12] where Paul wrote "in Christ God was reconcilingthe world to himself." Christ was not divine; God was simply using Christ as the means to achieve His ends. This view was condemned by the Christian community. Dionysius, the Bishop of Rome from approximately 259-263 A.D., held monarchist views. Eusebius recorded that Dionysius held, "contrary to the teaching of the Church, low and degraded views of Christ, namely, that in his nature he was a common man." The catholic church (in the original sense of the term) moved energetically to combat this heresy, summoning Dionysius to a council to explain himself. Eusebius contemptuously referred to him as "a despoiler of the flock of Christ."[13] Monarchism was never a widespread movement and was a relatively isolated phenomenon.[14]
Modalism
Erickson wrote that modalism was "a genuinely unique, original and creative conception . . . a brilliant breakthrough."[15] It advocated the view that God was really just one person with three different names, roles or activities. Father, Son and the Holy Spirit are identical, successive revelations of the same person.[16] Like a skilled thespian, God simply plays different roles at different times.
Tertullian, writing his treatise against Praxeas sometime after 208 A.D., observed dryly, "Praxeas did a twofold service for the devil at Rome: he drove away prophecy, and he brought in heresy."[17] Tertullian boldly claimed that Satan himself was working through Praxeas in his modalistic interpretation of the Trinity. "Out of this doctrine of the unity he may fabricate a heresy. He says that the Father Himself came down into the Virgin, was Himself born of her, Himself suffered, indeed was Himself Jesus Christ."[18] He went on to state,
So it is either the Father or the Son, and the day is not the same as the night; nor is the Father the same as the Son, in such a way that Both of them should be One, and One or the Other should be Both.[19]
Employing a legal tactic of positing and answering modalistic objections, Tertullian continued,
Well, but "with God nothing is impossible." True enough; who can be ignorant of it? Who also can be unaware that "the things which are impossible with men are possible with God?" The foolish things also of the world hath God chosen to confound the things which are wise." We have read it all. Therefore, they argue, it was not difficult for God to make Himself both a Father and a Son, contrary to the condition of things among men. For a barren woman to have a child against nature was no difficulty with God; nor was it for a virgin to conceive. Of course nothing is "too hard for the Lord.
But if we choose to apply this principle so extravagantly and harshly in our capricious imaginations, we may then make out God to have done anything we please, on the ground that it was not impossible for Him to do it. We must not, however, because He is able to do all things suppose that He has actually done what He has not done.[20]
The modalistic conception of the Trinity was indeed novel. It solved any number of problems; both the unity of the Godhead and the full deity of all three persons are perfectly preserved by it. Ultimately, however, Scripture condemned this heresy to the flames. Too many texts spoke far too explicitly of the Trinity as distinct persons for the church to accept; such as Christ's baptism, Christ speaking of the coming of the Spirit and His prayers that were specifically addressed to the Father.[21]
Arianism
The Arians, like the modern day Jehovah's Witnesses, went a different route. Christ, they asserted, was not equal with God or even God at all – He was a creature brought into being by God. They felt that elevating Christ to the level of God the Father was, in effect, abandoning monotheism. They went further than the monarchists by emphatically declaring Christ was no more than a mere creature. However, from the beginning the church had worshipped Christ as God! The stage was set for a divisive battle. Athanasius considered Arianism to be a "harbinger of the Antichrist" and the daughter of Satan.[22] Summarizing their teaching, he wrote,
God was not always a Father; but once God was alone, and not yet a Father, but afterwards He became a Father. The Son was not always; for, whereas all things were made out of nothing, and all existing creatures and works were made, so the Word of God Himself was made out of nothing, and once He was not, and He was not before His origination, but He as others had an origin of creation.[23]
The church was quite rightly concerned with condoning the worship of a mere man. Athanasius wrote against the Arian heresy with great enthusiasm, judging it to be a theology which had been "vomited forth" and was at odds with Scripture and "alien to the divine oracle."[24] Arians took Proverbs 8:22-23 as one of their primary proof-texts; "The Lord possessed me at the beginning of his work, the first of his acts of old. Ages ago I was set up, at the first, before the beginning of the earth." The Arians examined texts such as this and others[25] and concluded it may be appropriate to call Christ a god, but he was certainly not the same as God the Father.[26] Arias himself explained,
God himself is inexpressible to all beings. He alone has none equal to him or like him, none of like glory. We call him unbegotten on account of the one who by nature is begotten; we sing his praises as without beginning because of the one who has a beginning. We worship him as eternal because of him who was born in the order of time. The one without beginning established the Son as the beginning of all creatures.[27]
Therefore, according to Arians, Christ Himself could not even fathom God's essence. He was a mere creature; an exalted creature, to be sure – but a creature nonetheless. Church historian Justo Gonzalez summarized by observing, "if asked to draw a line between God and creation, Arians would draw that line so as to include the Word in creation."[28]
The Arian heresy prompted the Council of Nicea in 325 A.D., the first ever ecumenical council of the early church. Prior to Nicea, church disputes had been settled over time with long debate culminating with an eventual consensus. After the conversion of Constantine, for the first time the authority of the state was invoked to settle a theological issue. Advocates of particular viewpoints could, for the very first time, forsake lengthy explanations of their positions in favor of simply convincing imperial authority. "Eventually, theological debate was eclipsed by political intrigue."[29]
Arianism began as a local conflict in Alexandria, Egypt. The Bishop of Alexandria, Alexander, was in vehement disagreement with Arias, who was one of the most famous presbyters of the city. Alexander eventually condemned Arias and removed him from all official positions in Alexandrian church. Arias, refusing to meekly fade from the scene, appealed to the common people of Alexandria and other Bishops from throughout the East for support. Arias was quite successful; people marched in the streets chanting Arian dogma and various Bishops wrote letters in support. The Eastern church was in turmoil.
Constantine, who had recently established Christianity as the state religion, resolved that he must act. He decided to call a council of Bishops from the entire empire to settle this matter, among others. Arias, not being a Bishop himself, was forbidden to attend. He counted on Eusebius of Nocomedia to present his views. Eusebius (not to be confused with the historian) resolved to simply explain the matter, certain that all opposition would fade away in light of the remorseless logic of Arianism. Eusebius' oration did not go well.
The assertion that the Word or Son was no more than a creature, no matter how high a creature, provoked angry reactions from many of the bishops: 'You lie!' 'Blasphemy!' 'Heresy!' Eusebius was shouted down, and we are told his speech was snatched from his hand, torn to shreds, and trampled underfoot.[30]
The result of this controversy, the Nicene Creed, is emphatically anti-Arian and takes great pains to emphasize the deity of Christ;[31]
I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God; begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father, by whom all things were made.
Who, for us men for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the virgin Mary, and was made man; and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate; He suffered and was buried; and the third day He rose again, according to the Scriptures; and ascended into heaven, and sits on the right hand of the Father; and He shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead; whose kingdom shall have no end.
And I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of Life; who proceeds from the Father and the Son; who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified; who spoke by the prophets.
And I believe one holy catholic and apostolic Church. I acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; and I look for the resurrection of the dead.
In the Nicene Creed the early church provided a clear and unambiguous affirmation of the full deity of all three persons of the Godhead, while at the same time maintaining their distinct roles in the economic Trinity.
The doctrine received further refinement at the Council of Constantinople in 381 A.D. where the common phrase "three in one" was coined;[32] the very essence of the orthodox concept of the triunity of God. He is not triple, but three in one.
[1] Millard J. Erickson, Christian Theology, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1998), 358-360. Erickson omits a discussion of Arianism.
[4] Justin Myrtyr, Dialogue with Trypho 61, ANF 1:607
[5] Tertullian, Apology 21, ANF 3:34. Emphasis mine.
[7] Tertullian, Against Praxeas 2, ANF 3:59. Emphasis mine.
[8] Erickson, Theology, 358.
[9] Millard J. Erickson, Making Sense of the Trinity: Three Crucial Questions (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel, 2000), 48.
[10] Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 5.28, NPNF2 1:597
[11] Erickson, Making Sense, 48.
[13] Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 7.28.2, NPNF2 1:807.
[14] Erickson, Theology, 359.
[15] Ibid, 360.
[17] Tertullian, Against Praxeas 2, ANF 3:598.
[18] Ibid. Emphasis mine.
[19] Tertullian, Against Praxeas 10, ANF 3:604
[21] Baptism (Mt 3:13-17; Mk 1:9-11; Lk 3:21-22; Jn 1:29-34), Christ speaks explicitly to the Father (Jn 17) and of the Spirit (Jn 16:5-11).
[22] Athanasius, Discourse Against the Arians 1.1.1., NPNF2, 4:306.
[23] Athanasius, Discourse Against the Arians 1.2.5, NPNF2, 4:309.
[24] Athanasius, Discourse Against the Arians 1.3.10., NPNF2, 4:312.
[25] Jn 14:28; Mk 10:18 and Lk 18:19; Mk 13:32; Lk 2:52
[27] Graham Keith, "Our Knowledge of God: Insights from the Fourth-Century Trinitarian Controversies," Reformation and Revival 12:1 (Winter 2003), 86.
[28] Justo Gonzalez, The Story of Christianity, 2 vols., combined ed. (Peabody, MS: Prince Press, 2007), 1:161.
[31] Rick Brannan, ed., Historic Creeds and Confessions (Grand Rapids, MI: CCEL, n.d.).
anthony buzzard
The Personal Testimony of Charles T. Studd
Why Trust the Four Gospels?
One thought on "How Well Do You Know the Trinity?"
GodsChildren58 says:
Reblogged this on godschildren58 and commented:
Very well, I wrote the Book on it. Understanding God and His spirit, "The Spirit of the Lord" Jesus said to always to pray to God and God alone. Even Jesus prayed to God His Father in heaven. Understanding that God's spirit dwells in the hearts and souls of them who love Him you begin to understand the Trinity.


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DHL Global Forwarding has opened a new logistics centre next to Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Located in the Schiphol Southeast business park, the Life Science Competence Center is dedicated to life science and healthcare products.
The new hub is used for the transport, preparation and temporary storage of temperature-controlled pharmaceutical and medical products, and staffed by just over a dozen highly trained specialists.
Different areas of the facility serve various needs. For example, one area is specifically designed for products that must be kept between two and eight degrees Fahrenheit in temperature, while another allows a range of 36-46 degrees. An alarm will be triggered if these ranges are exceeded, thanks to temperature and humidity sensors.
The Life Science Competence Center responds to a growing need for solutions to temperature-controlled air transport. It also provides DHL's Thermonet service, which allows the condition of these products to be monitored all the way along the supply chain.


Prins Group has built a greenhouse project for a client in Kudelstaart, The Netherlands, for the 5th time! This project is approx 4700 sqm.
This greenhouse is an extension that is built on 3 sides of an existing greenhouse. The existing greenhouse was built in 2016, also by Prins Group.
The roof of the greenhouse is equipped with diffuse glass and continues ridge ventilation. Polycarbonate and double screen are installed in the side walls.
As Prins Group we are very proud to have built a greenhouse project for this client again.
© 2012 - 2019 . All rights reserved.


With a growing number of Tufnell Park Estate Agents to choose from, the choice for the potential seller has never been greater. Myspace have been helping people sell their homes in Tufnell Park since 2001.
With the ever increasing regulations concerning the letting of residential property, the challenges involved have never been greater. It is now, more than ever, imperative that a Landlord chooses the best and most reputable of all the Tufnell Park Estate Agents to act on their behalf.
Whether you're looking to get the best possible price at sale time, you're a landlord looking for tenants, or you're on the hunt for your first property in Tufnell Park, we hope Myspace is your first port of call.


text:
package com.navercorp.pinpoint.profiler.util;

import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;

public class StackTraceUtil {

    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(StackTraceUtil.class.getName());

    public static void printCurrentStackTrace() {
        printCurrentStackTrace(logger);
    }

    public static void printCurrentStackTrace(Logger logger) {
        if (!logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            return;
        }

        StackTraceElement[] stackList = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
        int length = stackList.length;
        for (int loop = 2; loop < length; loop++) {
            logger.info("***{}", stackList[loop].toString());
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Paddy Power Betfair in talks to merge its US business with FanDuel
Bookmaker reveals discussions are under way just days after the US relaxed its gambling laws
Perry Gourley
Philip Gates
FanDuel was co-founded by Nigel and Lesley Eccles in Edinburgh
Paddy Power Betfair has confirmed it is in talks to merge its US business with fantasy sports firm FanDuel.
The bookmaker said discussions are under way to "create a combined business to target the prospective US sports betting market".
FanDuel founders set to speak at EIE18
The FanDuel move comes after the lifting of a federal ban on sports betting across the United States.
"Discussions are ongoing and there is no certainty as to whether agreement will be reached, or as to the terms or timing of any transaction," Paddy Power Betfair said in a stock market announcement.
No financial details of the transaction were given.
The move comes just days after the US relaxed its gambling laws, providing an opening for the likes of William Hill and Paddy.
The US Supreme Court struck down a federal law which bans gambling on individual sporting events. States will now be able to choose individually whether to legalise sports betting.
Fanduel is largely based in New York, but still maintains a significant presence both in Edinburgh, where it was founded by Nigel and Lesley Eccles in 2009, and Glasgow. It employs around 150 staff in Scotland.
The company expanded rapidly through 2014 and 2015 amid an explosion in the popularity of fantasy sports in the US. It went on to become Scotland's first billion-dollar valued technology start-up, or 'unicorn', following a $275 million funding round in 2015.
However, more recently it has struggled to bounce back from a series of legal actions by authorities in America, and posted a loss of £140m in its latest set of accounts.
The original founders have since left the business which is now controlled by US private equity giants.
Neil Wilson, chief market analyst for markets.com, said: "As far as bookmaker friendly results go, the Supreme Court's PASPA ruling is as amiable as they come.
"No great surprise therefore to see some moves already in the space and making the early running in terms of deals is PaddyPower Betfair, which is raising its stake in the battle for US sports betting market share.
"There is precious little detail so far but shares have opened a shade higher nonetheless.
"FanDuel rival Draft Kings has already said it will enter the sports betting market and there is some sense that local incumbents may be able to gain significant market share before UK/European operators get a chance to mobilise their forces.
"Amid tougher market conditions in the UK and Australia, the chance to delve into a huge new market is being snatched by the major players and they may be prepared to pay big for a slice of the action if they believe US partners are required.
FanDuel 'lays off number of staff' following exit of Nigel Eccles
"A FanDuel tie-up would give PPB the ability to rollout ops more quickly and scale up. It would also remove some potential local competition.
"After some pretty murky numbers in the PPB Q1 update, it's clear that this particular bookmaker-friendly result has come at the right time for the share price."


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