text:
Legislature(2017 - 2018)CAPITOL 106
03/23/2017 08:00 AM COMMUNITY & REGIONAL AFFAIRS
House CRA 03/23/2017 08:02
08:02:21 AM Start
08:04:05 AM HB166
10:01:17 AM Adjourn
-- Location Change --
*+ HB 156 MUNI TAX EXEMPTION: ECON DEVEL PROPERTY TELECONFERENCED
-- Testimony <Invitation Only> --
+ Bills Previously Heard/Scheduled TELECONFERENCED
+= HB 166 MUSEUM CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM TELECONFERENCED
Moved HB 166 Out of Committee
-- Public Testimony --
ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE
HOUSE COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS STANDING COMMITTEE
MEMBERS PRESENT
Representative Zach Fansler, Co-Chair
Representative Justin Parish, Co-Chair
Representative Harriet Drummond
Representative Dean Westlake
Representative George Rauscher
Representative Dan Saddler
Representative David Talerico
Representative DeLena Johnson (alternate)
Representative Jonathan Kreiss-Tomkins (alternate)
HOUSE BILL NO. 166
"An Act establishing a museum construction grant program in the
Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development."
- MOVED HB 166 OUT OF COMMITTEE
"An Act relating to a municipal tax exemption or deferral for
economic development property."
- HEARD & HELD
PREVIOUS COMMITTEE ACTION
BILL: HB 166
SHORT TITLE: MUSEUM CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM
SPONSOR(s): REPRESENTATIVE(s) PARISH
03/08/17       (H)       READ THE FIRST TIME - REFERRALS
03/08/17       (H)       CRA, FIN
03/21/17       (H)       CRA AT 8:00 AM CAPITOL 106
03/21/17       (H)       Heard & Held
03/21/17       (H)       MINUTE(CRA)
SHORT TITLE: MUNI TAX EXEMPTION: ECON DEVEL PROPERTY
SPONSOR(s): REPRESENTATIVE(s) TILTON
03/06/17       (H)       CRA
WITNESS REGISTER
LISA WORL
Representative Justin Parish
POSITION STATEMENT:  Answered questions during the hearing on HB
166, on behalf of Representative Parish, prime sponsor.
KATHERINE ELDEMAR, Director
Division of Community and Regional Affairs (DCRA)
Department of Commerce, Community & Economic Development (DCCED)
REPRESENTATIVE CATHY TILTON
POSITION STATEMENT:  As prime sponsor, introduced HB 156.
HEATH HILYARD, Staff
POSITION STATEMENT:  presented HB 156 on behalf of
Representative Tilton, prime sponsor.
SUSIE SHUTTS, Attorney
Legislative Legal Counsel
Legislative Legal Services
MARTY MCGEE, Section Manager/State Assessor
Municipal and Community Policy and Research Section
POSITION STATEMENT:  Answered questions  during the hearing on HB
CHRIS SCHUTTE, Director
Office of Economic and Community Development (OECD)
Municipality of Anchorage
BILL POPP, President/CEO
Anchorage Economic Development Corporation (AEDC)
POSITION STATEMENT:  Testified in support of HB 156.
JEFF JUDD, Executive Vice President
Cook Inlet Housing Authority (CIHA)
ACTION NARRATIVE
CO-CHAIR  ZACH FANSLER  called the  House Community  and Regional
Affairs  Standing  Committee  meeting   to  order  at  8:02  a.m.
Representatives Saddler, Westlake,  Talerico, Parish, and Fansler
were present at the call  to order.  Representatives Rauscher and
Drummond arrived as the meeting was in progress.
HB 166-MUSEUM CONSTRUCTION GRANT PROGRAM
CO-CHAIR  FANSLER  announced that  the  first  order of  business
would  be HOUSE  BILL  NO.  166, "An  Act  establishing a  museum
construction  grant  program  in   the  Department  of  Commerce,
Community, and Economic Development."
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER  asked  whether   the  bill  sponsor  had
determined how  the State Library,  Archives & Museum  (SLAM) was
funded.
LISA  WORL, Staff,  Representative  Justin  Parish, Alaska  State
Legislature, on  behalf of  Representative Parish,  prime sponsor
of HB  166, prefaced her response  by noting that the  SLAM would
not be  qualified to receive  any benefit  under HB 166,  and she
indicated that is  because it is also a state  library.  She said
the  SLAM was  funded through  capital project  funding, and  she
suggested that  Patience Frederiksen, the director  of Libraries,
Archives and Museums, could offer more information.
CO-CHAIR  PARISH, as  prime  sponsor of  HB  166, questioned  how
germane the question was to the issue at hand.
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER  explained he  would like  the information
in  order to  establish  what the  current  funding mechanism  is
before considering  a new  one.   He then  asked how  much money,
under  HB  166,  would  be available  to  museums  seeking  state
support to construct new facilities.
CO-CHAIR  PARISH  answered that  initially  the  amount would  be
zero, because the  amount would be subject  to future allocation.
He  added, "And  I  do not  believe that  the  bill that  Senator
Stevens introduced  and that  I'm carrying on  this side  ... has
dollar amounts  in it."   In response to  Representative Saddler,
he  confirmed that  HB  166 does  not have  an  effect until  the
legislature appropriates  money, and although he  knows there are
"a host of  ... potential museums" that have put  in requests, at
present the capital budget is  constrained and even a request for
only  10  percent  funding  would  likely be  turned  down.    He
clarified  that  under  HB  166,   50/50  would  be  the  minimum
participation from local  and non-profit sources, but  if he were
the  Department of  Commerce,  Community  & Economic  Development
(DCCED), he  would favor those able  to fund "a higher  degree of
outside participation."
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER asked  what HB 166 would  accomplish if it
has no  funding attached to it  and its sponsor does  not plan to
amend the state budget to derive funding for it.
CO-CHAIR  PARISH  answered  that  HB 166  "opens  the  door"  and
provides the option for communities  to talk to their legislators
to try  to convince them  that [their museum projects]  should be
priorities of the state.
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER  noted that  the committee, at  a previous
hearing,  had  heard that  HB  166  is  modeled on  a  successful
library grants program.  He  asked the sponsor if any information
is  available  showing  whether there  have  been  grants  issued
through that program.
CO-CHAIR PARISH answered yes.   He pointed to a handout [included
in the committee  packet], which shows that 15  libraries, out of
the 27 that applied, received grants under AS 37.05.315.
REPRESENTATIVE  RAUSCHER asked  for  confirmation  that under  HB
166, applications for  grants would sit in a queue,  and it would
be  up to  legislators to  decide whether  to sponsor  a bill  to
support them.
CO-CHAIR PARISH  offered his understanding  that it would  be the
prerogative of  this or future  legislatures to put money  in the
fund if  a cultural  institution were to  surpass the  50 percent
threshold for alternate sources of funding.   He said there are a
lot  of  cultural  institutions  concerned  about  education  for
children,  tourism opportunities  for visitors,  the preservation
of the  state's history,  and cultural  enrichment that  "will be
making that argument in coming months and years."
REPRESENTATIVE  RAUSCHER asked  for  clarification that  "there's
not a pile of money that  sits there waiting for the next project
to come along."
CO-CHAIR PARISH  offered his understanding that  that is correct;
however,  he said  conceivably money  could be  allocated to  the
fund  which would  be insufficient  to  any given  project or  an
insufficient amount could  be left over after  funding a project.
He concluded, "I  don't think this will ever become  one of those
funds that just sits there with  a few millions dollars and a low
interest rate."
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER directed attention  back to the handout to
which Co-Chair  Parish had  pointed.  He  noted that  from fiscal
year  2011 (FY  11)  and  FY 16,  zero  library  grants had  been
awarded under AS 14.56.355.
CO-CHAIR PARISH said  that is true; however, he said  it is worth
noting  that  the  grants  to  municipalities  -  public  library
construction  [under AS  37.05.315]  has functioned  in much  the
same  way.   He referred  to  the last  part of  sentence at  the
bottom  of   the  handout,  which   read  as   follows  [original
punctuation provided]:
It is the intent of  the legislature that the following
Grants  to Municipalities  (AS  37.05.315) satisfy  the
highest  ranked  public library  construction  projects
identified  by  the   Alaska  Library  Association  and
received by the Department  of Commerce, Community, and
Economic  Development under  the FY2012  Public Library
Construction   and  Major   Expansion  Matching   Grant
program (AS 14.56.355).
CO-CHAIR PARISH deferred to DCCED for further clarification.
KATHERINE ELDEMAR,  Director, Division of Community  and Regional
Affairs  (DCRA), Department  of  Commerce,  Community &  Economic
Development  (DCCED),  in  response  to  Representative  Saddler,
confirmed   that  there   has  never   been  funding   under  [AS
14.56.355].
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER noted  that mid-way  down the  same page,
information read,  "1 Awards  under AK  14.56.355," and  he asked
for clarification about the number one.
MS. ELDEMAR answered that is a misprint; it should read zero.
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER  asked  Ms.  Eldemar  how  the  SLAM  was
MS. ELDEMAR  said the SLAM was  a $37.5 million project,  and she
offered  her  understanding  that  it  was  funded  through  "the
capital project."   She explained  that her  division's computers
have been  "down" and she  is trying  to get that  information to
the committee.
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER   asked  if  the  following   is  a  fair
The state  paid much if  not all  the cost for  the ...
SLAM  building.    We are  envisioning  it  creating  a
program under  which the state  would offer  50 percent
of   the  funding   for   future  museum   construction
elsewhere  in   the  state,  but  there's   no  funding
available to it at this point.
MS. ELDEMAR said she believes  that is an accurate statement, but
said she could follow up with a written document for the record.
REPRESENTATIVE DRUMMOND related that  SLAM was funded through the
Department  of Education  and Early  Development via  the capital
budget, Senate  Bill 119,  which passed in  2014.   She confirmed
the amount of the funding was  $37.5 million, and she said it was
for all the  House districts, thus it was  considered a statewide
project.   She  offered her  understanding that  the funding  may
have begun in  2013, but said confirmation of  that would require
searching another capital budget.
REPRESENTATIVE RAUSCHER asked if money  has ever "just sat in the
library fund."
MS. ELDEMAR said the DCRA does  not have any funds in its account
related to  the library statute.   In response  to Representative
Rauscher's question repeated, she stated,  "No, in the history of
this fund  there's been no ...  account just waiting there  to be
spent."
CO-CHAIR FANSLER  ascertained that  there was  no one  wishing to
give  public  testimony; therefore,  he  [did  not reopen  public
testimony, which was closed on 3/21/17].
The committee took a brief at-ease at 8:25 a.m.
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER  directed  attention  to  the  previously
discussed handout, to  the flip side, the first  heading of which
he  noted  is  titled  "FY  11  Library  Construction  and  Major
Expansion  Matching Grant  Program."    He asked  if  any of  the
projects on this side of the handout are considered museums.
CO-CHAIR PARISH said he believes  all entities listed on the page
are  libraries,  with the  exception  of  [the Sealaska  Heritage
Institute's Walter Soboleff Building].
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER  asked if there is  anything that prevents
museums from  obtaining state grants  through the program  set up
under AS 37.05.315.
MS.   ELDEMAR  answered,   "There  is   nothing  preventing   the
legislature  from  making  a grant  award  under  [AS]  37.05.315
absent this bill.   If this bill were not  passed, it could still
go ahead and seek funding underneath AS 37.05."
REPRESENTATIVE WESTLAKE moved  to report HB 166  out of committee
with  individual  recommendations  and  the  accompanying  fiscal
notes.  There being no objection,  HB 166 was reported out of the
House Community and Regional Affairs Standing Committee.
The committee took an at-ease from 8:28 a.m. to 8:32 a.m.
HB 156-MUNI TAX EXEMPTION: ECON DEVEL PROPERTY
CO-CHAIR  FANSLER  announced that  the  final  order of  business
would be HOUSE BILL NO. 156,  "An Act relating to a municipal tax
exemption or deferral for economic development property."
REPRESENTATIVE CATHY  TILTON, Alaska State Legislature,  as prime
sponsor,  introduced HB  156.   She explained  that HB  156 is  a
reintroduction  of House  Bill 370,  which was  sponsored by  the
House  Community  and  Regional Affairs  Standing  Committee,  on
which  she served  as  chair, in  the  Twenty-Ninth Alaska  State
Legislature.  She said the  bill would provide a nonmonetary tool
for municipalities to incentivize  new economic development.  The
proposed   legislation   would    amend   current   statute   [AS
29.45.050(m)] to  offer greater flexibility to  municipalities to
determine  their  property  tax  policies.   She  explained  that
although the statute has been in  place since 1993, it has rarely
been  used because  of its  restrictive  nature.   Representative
Tilton   said  projects   that   have  been   created  under   AS
29.45.050(m) include  the Alaska  Brewery in  Juneau and  the MTA
Sports Center  in Palmer.   The rigidity  of the  current statute
makes  its  use  difficult  for   "larger  dollar  projects"  and
"capital incentive-type projects."
HEATH HILYARD,  Staff, Representative Cathy Tilton,  Alaska State
Legislature,  presented  HB  156   on  behalf  of  Representative
Tilton, prime  sponsor.   He reiterated the  key points  given by
Representative Tilton  in her brief  introduction.   He explained
that the aforementioned restrictive  nature of AS 29.45.050(m) is
that  it  allows a  municipality  only  a five-year  deferral  or
exemption and  "follow-up, five-year extension."   He paraphrased
one  intent  of HB  156,  which  is  described in  the  sponsor's
statement  as  follows  [original punctuation  provided]:    "The
proposed legislation  would remove  the time  limitation mandated
by  statute and  authorize  local governments  to determine  time
periods appropriate for specific  projects and according to their
own needs and objectives."
MR.  HILYARD referred  to [paragraphs  (1), (2),  and (3),  of AS
29.45.050(m)] which  describe "economic development  property" as
["real or personal property"] that:
(1) has not previously been taxed as real or personal
property by the municipality;
(2) is used in a trade or business in a way that
(A) creates employment in the municipality;
(B) generates sales outside of the municipality
of goods or services produced in the municipality; or
(C)  materially reduces  the importation  of goods
or services from outside the municipality; and
(3)  has  not  been  used in  the  same  trade  or
business  in  another  municipality for  at  least  six
months   before  the   application   for  deferral   or
exemption is  filed; this paragraph  does not  apply if
the property was used in  the same trade or business in
an  area  that has  been  annexed  to the  municipality
within six  months before the application  for deferral
or exemption  is filed; this  paragraph does  not apply
to inventories.
MR.  HILYARD showed  a slide  that illustrates  that currently  a
municipality can  choose to exempt  the entirety of  the property
tax  on an  applicable property  for five  years, but  after year
five  cannot   exempt  any  portion  of   property  assigned  for
education.   The proposed legislation  would allow  the exemption
[to  continue  beyond  five  years]   for  the  entirety  of  the
property, and the  power to make that decision would  be given to
the local governments.   He clarified that HB 156  would not free
municipalities  from their  obligation  to  fund education;  they
would just  have to  find some other  way to pay  for it  if they
chose to allow the exemption.
CO-CHAIR   PARISH  anticipated   that  HB   156  may   result  in
[competition between] municipalities.
MR. HILYARD responded  that could be possible,  although that was
not the case  in speaking with the Municipality  of Anchorage and
the  City of  Seward last  year.   He said  he does  not see  any
projects  of that  nature  on  the horizon.    In  response to  a
follow-up question,  he said HB  156 would eliminate  the initial
five-year  period  and  five-year  extension;  local  governments
would  determine  a time  certain;  and  the obligation  to  fund
education would remain.  He  agreed with Co-Chair Parish that one
option  to  fund education  could  be  to  raise taxes  on  other
businesses and property owners in the area.
REPRESENTATIVE   RAUSCHER   asked   if  the   State   of   Alaska
micromanages  the ability  of  municipalities  to exempt  certain
MR. HILYARD  noted that  there are  numerous exemptions  and they
are listed under  AS 29.45.050, subsections (a) through  (x).  He
said subsection  (m) is essentially  "an investment  optional tax
exemption rather than  a charitable optional tax  exemption."  He
clarified that all  the exemptions listed under  AS 29.45.050 are
REPRESENTATIVE  RAUSCHER said  he  finds it  odd  that the  state
micromanages the business of municipalities to such a degree.
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER said he  had considered the aforementioned
possibility  of  two municipalities  competing,  but  he said  he
thinks  HB  156  would  return   more  discretion  and  power  to
municipalities,  and he  opined  that  "government's good  that's
close to the people."
REPRESENTATIVE  DRUMMOND said  she  thinks the  Matanuska-Susitna
(Mat-Su)  Borough   is  the  property  taxing   entity  north  of
Anchorage, and the Cities of  Palmer, Wasilla, Houston, et cetera
have  sales tax  in place.    She asked,  "Since this  is an  act
relating to a  municipal tax exemption or deferral,  does it only
apply to municipalities  or ... may boroughs  also take advantage
of this ... exemption?"
MR. HILYARD offered his understanding  that HB 156 would apply to
any  municipality that  levies property  taxes,  whether city  or
borough.
REPRESENTATIVE WESTLAKE said Representative  Drummond had asked a
good question,  and he  said he  would like  to know  if boroughs
need to be specified in the proposed legislation.
SUSIE  SHUTTS, Attorney,  Legislative Legal  Counsel, Legislative
Legal   Services,  Legislative   Affairs  Agency,   Alaska  State
Legislature, responded  that under  HB 156, the  use of  the word
"municipality" would include cities and boroughs.
MARTY  MCGEE,  Section   Manager/State  Assessor,  Municipal  and
Community Policy and Research Section,  Division of Community and
Regional  Affairs (DCRA),  Department  of  Commerce, Community  &
Economic Development (DCCED), talked  about the change to statute
that  would be  made under  HB  156.   He said  AS 29.45.050  (m)
pertains to optional  exemptions.  He said, "The  basic theory on
taxation  is that  all property  is subject  to taxation,  except
that which  is excluded or  exempted by  law."  He  said optional
exemptions are the choice of  local governments.  He related that
the fiscal note provided by  his division shows no fiscal impact.
He  said, "Property  exempted under  the optional  exemptions ...
would be  added back  into the full  value determination,  but it
does effect the school funding format."
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER asked if,  in general, giving an exemption
to one property  tax payer shifts the burden  of providing public
services to other tax payers.
MR. MCGEE answered that's correct.
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER  surmised that  the local  authority would
take  that  into  consideration   to  ensure  that  the  economic
development  opportunities outweighed  any costs.   He  asked Mr.
McGee to  confirm Representative Drummond's previous  remark that
the  City of  Palmer  and  the City  of  Wasilla  are not  taxing
authorities in the Matanuska-Susitna (Mat-Su) Borough.
MR. MCGEE  responded that the  taxing authority belongs  with the
borough;  local  city  governments  have  the  authority  to  add
millage or,  in certain cases, exemptions.   He said the  City of
Wasilla  currently has  no specific  millage associated  with its
operation but has  had in the past  and could in the  future.  In
response  to  a  comment   by  Representative  Saddler  regarding
competition  between municipalities,  he  said it  is common  for
competition  to happen.   For  example, he  mentioned competition
between  the airports  in Anchorage  and Fairbanks,  in terms  of
looking  for  which  airport  would  offer the  best  deal  on  a
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER  offered an example to  illustrate that in
the heat of a bidding  competition, those involved in the bidding
may lose sight of  the fact that they may be  foregoing tax for a
long time (by offering exemptions).
CO-CHAIR PARISH  asked Mr.  McGee for  clarification as  to where
under HB 156 there would be  an increased obligation to the state
for school funding.
MR. MCGEE explained that if  a local government chooses to expand
an  optional exemption,  the value  of the  property exempted  is
added back to the full value  determination, which is part of the
school  funding  formula.   [Mr.  McGee  offered further  comment
pertaining to a bill version that was not before the committee.]
MR. HILYARD, in response to  Co-Chair Fansler, clarified that Mr.
McGee had  been referring to  a potential amendment  package that
was discussed  in Representative Westlake's office  but would not
at   this   time,   and   most    likely   never,   be   offered.
Notwithstanding that,  he offered  his understanding that  he and
Mr. McGee were  still essentially saying the same thing:   HB 156
would  not  free  municipalities  from  the  obligation  to  fund
education;  it  would  simply  provide  that  if  a  municipality
chooses  to  exempt  the  portion  of  property  tax  that  funds
education, then  it would have to  find another way to  fund that
education obligation.
MR.  MCGEE  retracted  any  comments   he  had  made  related  to
amendments to a version of HB 156  that had not been offered.  He
stated,  "The part  ... which  is functional  is that  the school
funding  millage is  now removed,  and the  local government  can
exempt  that portion  of the  millage -  the tax  associated with
economic exemption development  projects.  It still  has a fiscal
impact, but I can't calculate it in current (indisc.)."
MR. HILYARD,  in response to  Co-Chair Parish, said under  HB 156
the  shipyard would  not  have  the exemption.    He offered  his
understanding  that Representative  Westlake's amendment  package
he did  not offer would  have provided  for an exemption  for the
shipyard,   but  because   there   would  have   been  a   fiscal
implication, "the amendment was not put forward."
MR. MCGEE said in general  he agrees with Mr. Hilyard's comments.
He  said,  "If ...  all  value,  including that  associated  with
education, is  exempt by  local option,  then that  value's added
back in  the full value  determination and there isn't  [a] shift
from the  borough to the state  government.  If the  exemption is
mandatory,  then   there  is  a   shift  from   local  government
obligation to state obligation."
CO-CHAIR PARISH  offered his understanding  that HB 156  does not
include mandatory obligations.
MR.  HILYARD confirmed  that  HB 156  pertains  to only  optional
exemptions.
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER asked  Mr.  Hilyard to  clarify the  term
economic development property.
MR.  HILYARD  noted that  the  language  in  HB 156  relating  to
economic development  property is found  on page 2,  beginning on
line 11,  and considers whether the  property would be used  in a
way  that would  create  employment, generate  sales, reduce  the
importation of  goods or services from  outside the municipality,
or  ultimately  add  back  to   the  property  tax  base  at  the
conclusion of  the exemption deferral.   He said it  is important
to remember  that the issue  is not  just about exemption;  it is
also about  deferral.   He said  the idea  is to  provide maximum
flexibility  to  municipalities  to work  with  private  business
partners  "to  make  a  package  that  makes  sense."    He  said
municipalities  would  have to  consider  that  [an exemption  or
deferral]  could "pass  back  for  a time  being  onto the  other
existing property tax  payers," but the prime  sponsor thought it
would be better  for the local governments to  make that decision
rather than the state.
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER asked  if  there is  any formal  analysis
that over time there would be a  net benefit to a community or if
that was something that would just be felt organically.
MR. HILYARD responded that the  current statute is so narrow that
it  has  not  been  utilized   enough  to  provide  an  analysis.
Nevertheless, he  suggested asking the  City & Borough  of Juneau
if  the investment  for the  Alaskan Brewing  Company was  a wise
decision.   In  response to  a follow-up  questions, he  said one
example of  a best  case scenario  under HB 156  would be  a port
expansion for the  City of Seward.  He  offered his understanding
that  a representative  from the  Municipality  of Anchorage  was
available to testify, and that  that municipality could have used
this  legislation to  advance the  "Dave &  Buster" project.   He
said the  intent of HB  156 is for  municipalities to be  able to
have significant investment infrastructure projects.
REPRESENTATIVE  RAUSCHER  asked how  [HB  156]  would affect  the
MR. HILYARD deferred to Ms. Shutts or Mr. McGee.
MR. MCGEE  said the aforementioned  practice of  different taxing
jurisdictions   competing   for  economic   development   project
historically has not had a  good economic result for communities;
therefore, it is  in the best interest of the  state to avoid the
potential for competition.  He said  that is one reason the state
makes  its tax  laws  uniform and  provides  the opportunity  for
local governments to  choose what they will and  will not exempt.
He said  the primary obligation  of boroughs has always  been the
funding of education,  so there is concern that the  tax base for
education be supported.
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER directed attention  to language on page 2,
beginning  on  line 11,  of  HB  156, [which  describes  economic
development property as real or  personal property] "that has not
been used in  the same trade or business  in another municipality
for at  least six months  before the application for  deferral or
exemption  is  filed".     He  questioned  the   reason  for  the
distinction of six months.
MR. MCGEE  responded that he  had administered this  exemption in
Anchorage for 20  years, and the interpretation  of that specific
language was problematic,  because it is unclear in  statute.  He
said obviously land  cannot be moved and it is  difficult to move
buildings.  He continued:
The logic  is that  if there's  an existing  industry -
you know, facilities, real  estate associated with that
industry  - that  a  new person  coming  in, trying  to
start up  in the same  industry, with the same  type of
building doesn't get a tax  advantage over the existing
tax credits.   That's the way it's  been interpreted in
practice, but the  language of the bill  is awkward and
has been problematic for 20 years that I'm aware of.
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER said  he  is trying  to envision  whether
there might be a circumstance  under which a developer may expand
across  the borders  of  two municipalities  and  how that  might
affect the  application of  this exemption.   For  example, there
may be a pipeline or railroad  that is subject to taxation in one
municipality but not another.
MR. MCGEE  said the  products pipeline for  Tesoro goes  from the
Kenai Peninsula  to the Port of  Anchorage.  He said  it has been
handled in a  straightforward manner, but there  is the potential
that the City of Kenai could  decide to exempt its portion of the
pipeline while  Anchorage would tax  its portion.  He  said there
have always  been issues regarding  the valuation of one  part of
an infrastructure  over another.   He said Alaska's  boroughs are
large enough  that borders  are not  issues as  is common  in the
Lower 48.
MR. HILYARD  concurred that the  language in statute  is awkward.
He offered some background information  pertaining to its origin.
He  said the  proposed language  on page  2, lines  11-16, [which
includes  the   mention  of   the  six-month   provision]  "would
discourage a situation where ...  a business might be offered the
exemption in  one municipality;  another municipality  could come
along six  months later  and offer an  even sweeter  property tax
exemption  and   draw  that  away  from   the  existing  original
municipality."  He said that is  conjecture, but he can "see that
language envisioning that circumstance."
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER suggested  that  if it  is existing  law,
then "if it ain't really broke that bad - don't fix it."
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER   asked  if  there  were   any  potential
projects to which  the Municipality of Anchorage  might apply the
proposed legislation.
CHRIS  SCHUTTE,  Director,  Office   of  Economic  and  Community
Development (OECD),  Municipality of Anchorage, called  HB 156 an
exciting piece of  legislation for Anchorage.   The proposed bill
would  modify  the optional  property  tax  exemption portion  of
state statute that  would give the Municipality  of Anchorage the
flexibility in  creating some community and  economic development
incentives that  will help it  achieve some of its  community and
economic development  goals.   Regarding the  previous discussion
about  creating competition,  he  said it  is entirely  possible,
though  "largely not  what we're  interested in,  in the  City of
Anchorage."    He  noted  that there  were  other  entities  from
Anchorage signed up to testify.
MR. SCHUTTE said  one area of focus  for OECD is to  find ways to
help projects  within the Municipality  of Anchorage  "get across
the  finish  line."    He  said  there  are  a  number  of  local
businesses that are  looking for opportunities for  growth.  Some
of the challenges  inherent in developing in  Anchorage include a
shortage of  easily developable land  and a need to  get creative
in  redevelopment,  also  called   infield  development,  in  the
MR. SCHUTTE said the proposed  legislation would give the City of
Anchorage the  authority to create  local incentives  specific to
the  community's  needs,  for  example,  to  encourage  mixed-use
development  in-field sites  in the  city that  are difficult  to
develop or  for economic development  projects that have  a long-
term payout  for the  community but don't  quite "pencil  out" in
the  short  term.   He  gave  an  example  of the  Odom  Beverage
Distribution Company  - a  national company  with Alaska  roots -
that  is  looking   to  consolidate  to  a   single  location  in
Anchorage.  The  company has found land on a  former concrete and
gravel  site,  but  it  is  not  in  good  condition.    If  this
legislation had  already been enacted,  it could have  helped the
project in the amount of  $4.5 million.  Without the legislation,
the  company had  to consider  the long-term  benefits and  costs
that  could put  the  project out  of reach.    Mr. Schutte  said
another  example  is  the  Cook   Inlet  Housing  Corporation  in
Anchorage, where the  cost for housing is high,  and the proposed
legislation  could help  the city  incentivize  certain types  of
development, such as dense development  that builds up instead of
out, and  thus make better utility  of the land that  is left and
to encourage that outcome through incentives.
MR. SCHUTTE  said OECD is  excited to see  HB 156 supported.   He
said it  is step one  of a two-step  process; the second  step is
the work  with the  local community  to truly  identify community
development  goals and  objectives  and to  craft  a program  and
criteria specific to local needs.
REPRESENTATIVE DRUMMOND  questioned how an operation  such as the
aforementioned Dave & Buster's would  have met the requirement of
this  bill   had  it   passed  previously.     She   offered  her
understanding  that Dave  & Buster's  is  an entertainment  place
built in a mall.
MR. SCHUTTE  responded that one  of the most  valuable components
of the bill  is on page 2, beginning on  line 27, in subparagraph
(C), which read as follows:
(C)  an  exemption or  deferral  on
the property  enables a significant  capital investment
in physical infrastructure that
(i)  expands the  tax base  of
the municipality; and
(ii)  will  generate  property
tax revenue after the exemption expires
MR.  SCHUTTE said  the language  would  allow the  city to  craft
incentivizing language  that would  help properties  redevelop or
develop   by   offsetting   some  of   the   mandatory   physical
infrastructure expenses.   He offered information  regarding Dave
& Buster's as follows:
What ended up  happening is they ...  were not required
to  do   the  off-site  infrastructure   we  originally
predicted  they would  need to  do,  but originally  it
looked  like  there  was  going  to  need  to  be  some
upgrades  to both  sewer, transportation  network -  so
the  road  network,  et  cetera  -  lots  of  off-site,
public-facing  infrastructure needs  that unfortunately
...  fell  to  the  project itself  since  it  was  the
trigger for  these mandatory upgrades.   At the  end of
the day, it  worked out to where Dave  & Buster's would
not  require that,  so this  particular  clause of  the
bill would  not have  been triggered.   But  ... that's
how sometimes a redevelopment  project or a development
project within  an existing facility might  trigger one
of the clauses.
REPRESENTATIVE DRUMMOND noted that  Mr. Shutte had mentioned that
Odom  Beverage  Distribution  Company  had found  that  road  and
utility work  would have put  their consolidation project  out of
reach.   She offered her  understanding that the  Natural Pantry,
which  built  a   store  at  Thirty-Sixth  and   A  Streets,  [in
Anchorage], had  to build  the access road  around the  U.S. Post
Office,  even though  it was  not part  of their  property.   She
asked if the  proposed legislation would have  helped the Natural
Pantry, if it had been in place at that time.
MR. SCHUTTE  answered that is  correct.   He said because  of the
location  of the  Natural Pantry,  a number  of mandatory  public
infrastructure upgrades were required, the  cost of which fell to
the project itself.  He estimated  that the road was $1.5 million
of unanticipated  costs, and  that is  something that  could have
been absorbed through  a property tax abatement  or deferral plan
that would be allowed under HB 156.
REPRESENTATIVE  DRUMMOND   questioned  whether   a  retroactivity
clause could be  added to HB 156 that would  help businesses such
as [the Natural Pantry] after the fact.
MR. SCHUTTE emphasized his reluctance  in trying to establish the
criteria  for retroactively  granting property  tax abatement  or
referrals.
REPRESENTATIVE DRUMMOND  said, "Okay,  then I  don't want  to get
you in trouble."
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER stated  his understanding  that under  HB
156,  cities  would have  the  option  whether  or not  to  grant
exemptions or deferrals.  He  further expressed his understanding
that "there's no specific requirement  of a detailed finding that
the  net financial  benefits of  a property  tax exemption  under
this bill  would ever have to  provide a net benefit  in terms of
tax revenue."  He said, "Tax revenue  is not the only or even the
most important measure  of the benefits of a law."   He asked Mr.
Shutte,  "In your  purview, are  the gaining  of jobs  - economic
activity, giving  people something to do,  less tangible benefits
of this kind of  law - might those have a  more effective or more
beneficial economic  development impact  than solely  the measure
of increasing property tax or deferral of property taxes?"
MR.  SCHUTTE answered  that  the  power under  HB  156 to  exempt
taxation  would  fall  to  local   jurisdictions,  as  would  the
requirement  that they  craft their  own  criteria for  measuring
success.   He said the City  of Anchorage has not  done this yet,
but  it  would  have  clearly established  criteria  as  well  as
metrics  for evaluating  any proposal  for tax  abatement or  tax
deferral so that  the city can measure both  the long-term impact
on  the  community, as  well  as  the long-term  benefit  through
increased  property taxation,  jobs,  growth  in other  receipts,
such as personal property tax,  businesses that keep inventories,
or  businesses that  would "trigger  any one  of the  other taxes
locally."   He said he  thinks that each jurisdiction  would have
to do  its own  due diligence  and have  its own  methodology for
evaluating proposals as they are  submitted in order to take into
account all of the underlying economic benefit.
BILL   POPP,   President/CEO,  Anchorage   Economic   Development
Corporation (AEDC),  testified in support  of HB 156.   He stated
that AEDC  believes HB 156  would provide an important  tool that
has been  missing from the  tool box in  terms of the  ability of
Anchorage to attract  new lines of investment  in businesses that
currently do  not exist  in the  city.  He  said he  has numerous
years of experience  with the related state statute;  when he was
a member  of the Kenai  Peninsula Borough Assembly in  the latter
half of the  '90s, he sponsored and supported the  adoption of an
economic   development  code,   in  addition   to  the   existing
ordinances of Kenai,  that mirrors the language [of  HB 156], and
he  offered  his  understanding  that "it  has  never  been  used
effectively in the  history of that ordinance."   He posited that
that points to the failure of  the current statute in its ability
to do what  was intended.  He offered his  understanding that the
Municipality of Anchorage has had  no successful use of the state
statute either through its own municipal code.
MR. POPP said when looking  at the national landscape of economic
development strategies, there  is a mixed bag of  tricks in terms
of incentives throughout the  country; however, those communities
that  are  thoughtful  in their  use  of  transparent  incentives
targeted to incur new economic  development and create jobs and a
new  tax base  have balanced  and  successful results.   He  said
successful  programs often  include  full details  of a  proposed
project  - including  construction and  operation costs,  dollars
invested,  jobs  created,  direct  and  indirect  impact  to  the
community offering  the incentive -  and they report  annually to
the government  and community during  the life of  the incentive,
in terms of how they are  proceeding and how successful they are.
He said another element is  the inclusion of claw-back provisions
in the event  that the development does not  perform as proposed.
Mr. Popp  stated that successful business  attraction efforts are
not  lead  by  incentives;  incentives   are  "a  last  piece  of
discussion in the overall dialogue  between companies looking for
a  location  [in  which]  to invest  and  communities  trying  to
attract that investment."
MR. POPP continued as follows:
Incentives help  with the bottom  line if  the proposed
project  is challenged  by economics.   And  we believe
that  this  tool is  vital  in  Anchorage's ability  to
attract new  investment to our  community, not  so much
in the  existing lines of  business, such as  retail or
restaurants, national  chains -  things like  that, but
more in  terms of  bringing in  new lines  of business,
such as the  work we are doing in  partnership with the
international  airport  system  trying to  attract  new
lines of business that put  things on airplanes here in
Anchorage.  With  the incredible asset that  we have at
the airport of  five to six hundred  wide-bodied jets a
week, an  incentive could be  very valuable  when we're
trying  to bring  in  new lines  of  business that  are
looking  to   put  things   on  airplanes   and  taking
advantage of  the logistics supply  chain that  we have
here  but where  our project  economics are  incredibly
challenged  by our  high cost  of  doing business,  our
still  relatively  tight  labor markets,  the  cost  of
finding locations  and building  up those  locations to
service the  business - all of  these different factors
can come  into play  when [an]  incentive could  be the
final piece of the puzzle  that helps tip the economics
of the project into  a profitability state, which would
then  generate   the  economic  activity   through  the
investment and the jobs created.
MR.  POPP expressed  AEDC's  hope that  the  House Community  and
Regional  Affairs Standing  Committee would  pass HB  156 forward
and that the legislature would  ultimately pass the proposed bill
to  support local  municipalities  in dealing  with the  economic
challenges  of the  state and  to expand  their economies  in the
CO-CHAIR PARISH  asked what the  longest municipal  tax exemption
duration is that Mr. Popp would anticipate.
MR. POPP  answered that the  duration is not necessarily  the key
element,  although there  needs to  be some  flexibility in  that
regard.  He said there are  some projects of a significant nature
that could  require 10 to  20 or  more years, depending  on costs
and challenges.   Conversely, he said he believes  there are many
projects that could  benefit from just a 3-  to 5-year incentive.
He  said  he thinks  the  "sweet  spot"  in  terms of  length  of
incentive  must  be  decided   through  discussions  between  the
community and the  entity seeking the incentive,  and there needs
to be a balancing of the overall economics.
MR.  POPP,  in  response  to a  request  for  clarification  from
Representative Saddler,  explained that  he had  previously meant
that both Anchorage  and Kenai had a set  of municipal ordinances
that mirrored state statute but  had had no success in "deploying
that particular  language for  an economic  development project."
He said he is  aware of a couple projects that  have been done in
Anchorage using  "the deteriorated  property statute and  code of
ordinance that has been adopted  within the municipality," but he
said those  have been  challenging because he  opined it  was not
the right  path, although  it was  the only  path available.   He
said  a much  cleaner process  could have  occurred if  there had
been  more  effective  economic  development  language  in  state
statute that could  then have been mirrored in  municipal code of
ordinances.  In  response to a follow-up question, he  said if HB
156 passes, he  would partner with the  Municipality of Anchorage
to   develop  an   ordinance  if   that  is   the  will   of  the
administration and  the assembly, and  AEDC would be in  favor of
having  the discussion  to determine  whether  or not  a code  of
ordinance could  be adopted  to "make this  tool available."   He
surmised other communities would do the same.
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER  expressed support  for HB  156 as  a good
thing  for the  state and  its  communities, and  he thanked  Mr.
Hilyard and the bill's prime sponsor for bringing it forward.
JEFF  JUDD, Executive  Vice President,  Real  Estate, Cook  Inlet
Housing  Authority (CIHA),  characterized  HB 156  as a  valuable
tool  to  municipalities  to encourage  and  fund  infrastructure
costs associated  with economic  development opportunities.   The
proposed  legislation would  allow  local  governments to  tailor
funding  mechanism  as needed.    He  said public  infrastructure
improvements,  such as  road  improvements,  water, sewer,  storm
drainage, are the burden of  local jurisdictions, which will fund
those improvements  eventually.   The proposed  legislation would
allow private  developers the opportunity to  fund those projects
at a lower  rate, and the result is that  projects could get done
now  rather than  five  or  ten years  from  now  when the  local
government has the funding to complete the projects.
MR. JUDD noted  that CIHA has approximately 13  properties in the
Spenard neighborhood,  in Anchorage, between Spenard  and Thirty-
Sixth  Avenue where  there is  a  redevelopment effort  involving
housing  and  retail areas  occurring.    He said  acquiring  the
properties involved purchase  from individual owners, demolishing
older properties,  and significantly  improving public  roads and
water, sewer,  and drain  facilities to meet  current code.   The
cost of that upgrade is  approximately $1 million, which can make
a  project  like this  unfeasible  without  some type  of  public
support.  Mr. Judd indicated  that the effort being pursued would
result  in  "total  development   outcome  of  approximately  $20
million on  these sites,"  with a  public infrastructure  cost of
approximately $1 million,  which - short of  incentives and other
tools that the local government might  be able to provide - would
likely result  in an unfeasible project  - at least in  the short
term.   He concluded  that HB 156  would provide  the opportunity
for municipalities  to abate the  property taxes for a  period of
time determined  by the  local government,  and this  would allow
developers to  monetize the abated  taxes in the form  of private
debt, which would then fund the public infrastructure.
REPRESENTATIVE  DRUMMOND expressed  delight  in  the progress  of
CIHA's  project, which  she said  she  sees every  time she  goes
CO-CHAIR PARISH offered his understanding  that "this wouldn't be
an exemption  available if  ... you  were going  into competition
with  other  preexisting businesses."    He  said it  seems  like
housing is being offered in  the Anchorage area, although perhaps
not in  sufficient quantity.   He asked  Mr. Judd, "Would  you be
providing  a substitute  (indisc.) service  housing to  ... other
businesses in that area?"
MR. JUDD  said he does  not think so.   He said vacancy  rates in
Anchorage are  low.   He noted  that much  of CIHA's  housing was
built in the '60s, '70s, and '80s  and is reaching the end of its
useful  life   in  terms  of  quality,   energy  efficiency,  and
affordability.  He echoed Mr.  Popp's remark that the opportunity
for economic development is in  large part a function of [having]
quality, affordable,  diverse housing in  a community.   In large
part, he said, the homes  in Anchorage that have been constructed
over the  last 20 years are  single family homes that  are "often
times beyond the  financial means of ... the workers  ... who are
going to  be working at  these economic  development facilities."
The housing  that has  been made available  is in  limited supply
based  on  "limited funding  resources  ...  versus the  cost  to
actually  develop those  developments."   Mr. Judd  concluded his
response as follows:
I don't view  ... the opportunity to  utilize this bill
perhaps   for   housing   development  or   mixed   use
development      that     includes      housing     and
retail/commercial spaces  - I don't  really view  it as
competition to  the exiting  stock, because  simply the
types of housing  ... or mixed use  facilities that are
likely  to   be  developed  are  not   those  that  are
otherwise  being created  in Anchorage  presently, just
simply  due to  the  economics and  the unviability  of
those sorts of housing developments.
CO-CHAIR PARISH repeated  for Mr. Judd the question  he had asked
Mr. Popp regarding adequate length of exemption.
MR. JUDD  answered that  the answer depends  upon the  nature and
scale  of the  development.   For  example,  a project  requiring
three to four  acreage and an over $20  million budget, including
extension  of utilities  and  road  systems, with  a  cost of  $1
million toward infrastructure, would likely  require a 10- to 15-
year abatement  of taxes  to provide adequate  time to  repay the
debt.   Notwithstanding that example,  he pointed out  that there
may be a  smaller scale project that would  require a longer-term
exemption  - it  would all  depend upon  the availability  of the
existing adjacent infrastructure.
CO-CHAIR FANSLER noted  that since public testimony  had not been
noticed on  HB 156, he  would open  public testimony at  the next
hearing on HB 156, Tuesday, [March 28, 2017].
CO-CHAIR  PARISH   asked  if  a  future   assembly  or  governing
authority  in a  municipality could  shorten the  duration of  an
MR. MCGEE indicated  it may depend upon the  original language in
the resolution  that created the  exemption, but said  in general
the answer is no.  He  explained, "The decision of the prior body
would  be  binding to  future  bodies  for  the duration  of  the
specific (indisc.)  set out  in the  resolution that  created the
exemption.   In response to a  follow-up question, he said  he is
not aware of  any small companies applying for  or receiving this
type of exemption.
REPRESENTATIVE  SADDLER  asked   for  clarification  regarding  a
reference in  HB 156 to  the Alaska Native Claims  Settlement Act
(ANCSA).
MR. HILYARD noted  that the reference to ANCSA occurs  on page 2,
line 9,  and is  part of  existing statute.   He deferred  to Ms.
Shutts for further explanation.
MS.  SHUTTS  said  she  was   not  certain  why  that  particular
provision exists in statute, but she  offered to find out and let
the committee know.
REPRESENTATIVE   TALERICO   offered   his   understanding   ANCSA
established  a 10-year  tax exemption  for all  ANCSA transferred
land, from  the beginning  of the  taxable property  or business,
for the  first 10 years,  and he  surmised the purpose  of having
that  language in  statute  is  to make  everyone  aware of  that
CO-CHAIR  PARISH pointed  to [proposed  provisions in  Section 1,
subsection (m),  paragraph (1)  and paragraph  (2), subparagraphs
(A) through (C)], on page 2, lines 11-31, of HB 156, which read:
(1) that  has not been used  in the same
trade or business in another  municipality for at least
six  months  before  the application  for  deferral  or
to inventories; or
(2)  to   which  one  or  more   of  the
following applies:
(A)    the    property   has    not
previously been  taxed as real or  personal property by
the municipality;
(B) the  property [2] is used  in a
trade or business in a way that
(i)[A]  creates employment  in
(ii)[B]     generates    sales
outside  of  the  municipality  of  goods  or  services
produced in the municipality; or
(iii)[C]   materially  reduces
the importation  of goods or services  from outside the
municipality;
tax revenue after the exemption expires [AND
CO-CHAIR  PARISH asked,  "Is that  the current  interpretation of
the  bill?   Because  I see  that  now we're  switching  it to  a
district war clause where any one of the following applies."
MS. SHUTTES  responded that there  is currently a  subsection (m)
in  statute that  defines economic  development properties.   She
noted that paragraph  (1), on lines 11-16, has  the same language
as found  on page 3, lines  1-8 [bracketed to shows  that it will
be deleted].   She highlighted the  "or" on page 2,  line 16, and
she  said  that  one  or   more  of  the  following  subparagraph
provisions would, [under HB 156], apply from paragraph (2).
CO-CHAIR  PARISH  asked  how  things   stand  now  under  current
statute.
MS. SHUTTS  answered that subparagraph  (C) is all  new language,
which  would, under  HB 156,  change  the requirements  currently
under  statute  regarding  economic development  property.    She
noted  that  language  on  page 2,  lines  7-8,  names  "economic
development  property" as  real  or personal  property, and  that
includes developed property, and  following that language are the
ways in which the term can be defined.
REPRESENTATIVE  TALERICO expressed  appreciation for  HB 156  and
opined that "local government is  the best government" because it
is  closest to  the people  that  are most  affected by  it.   He
offered  his understanding  that Title  29 was  established years
ago  to create  a  guideline but  not to  be  a static  document.
Adjustments  can  be  made  to suit  local  governments  as  they
change.   He said most  local governments are established  to the
point of having  their public process in order  and making local,
economic decisions.   He emphasized  his support of  the proposed
legislation.   Representative  Talerico  pointed  to language  on
page 2,  line 27, which  read, "an  exemption or deferral  on the
property", and  he asked if  there was ever any  consideration of
adding language pertaining to payment in  lieu of taxes - "a spot
kind  of between  the  deferral and  between  the exemption  that
might give a municipality even more flexibility for that?"
MR. HILYARD answered  that payment in lieu of taxes  had, as yet,
not been  part of the  consideration; however, he said  that does
not mean  the bill  sponsor would  be opposed to  it -  the issue
could be open to discussion.
REPRESENTATIVE  TALERICO referred  to  early comment  questioning
whether  there may  be  a  project taxed  at  different rates  by
different  municipalities, and  he stated  that the  Trans-Alaska
Pipeline System fits that description.
CO-CHAIR PARISH  expressed concern  that one assembly  could bind
future assemblies for  an indeterminate period of time.   He said
he could conceive of a situation  in which a small town desperate
for jobs,  would ratify a 99-year  exemption for a business.   He
said being  part of  the legislature, he  views the  inability of
one legislature to bind future  legislatures as a valuable trait.
He said he is also concerned  that [HB 156] will "tip the playing
field  in  favor  of large  businesses  over  small  businesses,"
because the  large businesses  tend to have  good lobbyists.   He
said he would  be happy to work with the  bill sponsor to address
those concerns.
REPRESENTATIVE SADDLER noted that  contributions of lobbyists are
"severely constrained by law in most cases."
REPRESENTATIVE DRUMMOND  said she thinks the  committee has heard
from  numerous communities  that [HB  156] is  a missing  tool in
their tool boxes.   She noted that the prior  bill was introduced
at the end  of the two-year legislature, late in  the session, so
it did  not go anywhere.   She expressed  hope that HB  156 would
progress, and she stated her support  for the proposed bill.  She
offered her belief that local  municipalities have the ability to
make  economic development  decisions, and  the public  will give
its feedback  if it  thinks a  municipality is  about to  make an
error in giving too large an exemption to a project.
CO-CHAIR FANSLER announced that HB 156 was held over.
There being no  further business before the  committee, the House
Community  and Regional  Affairs Standing  Committee meeting  was
adjourned at 10:01 a.m.
HB 156 Fiscal Note CED.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB 156 Legal Memorandum School Funding Language.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB 156 Municipal Tax Exemption Explanation.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB156 Comparison.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB0156A.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB156_AEDC Support.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB156_CityofSeward Support.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB 156 Sponsor Statement.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB 166 Support Letter 3-22-17.pdf HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HCRA 3/23/2017 8:00:00 AM
HB 166 lttrs supporting.pdf HCRA 3/21/2017 8:00:00 AM


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Nemea is the biggest vineyard of the Balkans and has earned the title of the "Bordeaux of Southeast Europe". It hosts a number of excellent wineries that offer a wide variety of wines. It is easy to access from Athens and a perfect destination for a full-day wine tour.
We pick you up in Athens with a Mercedes luxury minivan. We drive by the sea towards Corinth, where we make a small stop at the impressive Corinth Canal to take photos. Then we drive to Nemea, enjoying the beautiful scenery.
Arriving at Ancient Nemea, we visit the remains of the Temple of Zeus, the ancient Stadium (home of the Nemean Games, as famous as the Olympia Games at the time) and the Archaeological Museum of Nemea.
Then, we visit one (or two, it depends on you) wine estates, where you will experience the unique tastes of a variety of Greek wines. We conclude our tour with a traditional Greek lunch and return to Athens.
This tour lasts 5-6 hours. It can be combined with a visit to Mycenae or Ancient Corinth.
Looking forward to having you aboard.


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WhatsApp adds new font: Here's how to use it
WhatsApp adds new font: Here's how to use it
WhatsApp recently added a host of new features to make its platform both convenient and fun.
By: Tech Desk | Updated: July 20, 2016 9:08:15 am
WhatsApp is looking to add a new font to its iOS and Android app, and the feature has been spotted in Android beta build (version 2.16.179).
WhatsApp is looking to add a new font to its iOS and Android app, and the feature has been spotted in Android beta build (version 2.16.179). The new WhatsApp version is available via Google Play's beta program, and the feature has also been spotted by iOS beta users.
Users of WhatsApp will now be able to use a different font for chatting. The font – FixedSys – is similar to the one in Windows with the same name. This is the only font option that seems to be available for WhatsApp right now. The new font, however, isn't very practical to use. So, everything that users want to type in FixedSys needs to go inside three backquote symbols, both at the starting and at the end of a sentence or a word.
For example, to type The Indian Express in FixedSys font, you will need to put The Indian Express between "'. So, typing "'The Indian Express"' will change its font to FixedSys, which makes it a bit difficult to use frequently. Also, the font cannot be clubbed with other text formats like bold, italics or strikethrough.
WhatsApp recently added a host of new features to make its platform both convenient and fun. It rolled out quote message feature which allows users to quote specific messages or media and reply to them. Facebook-owned WhatsApp is reportedly looking to add GIF support to its iOS app.
WhatsApp, which added support to share documents like PDFs and Doc files; is now fully encrypted. This means that man-in-the-middle attacks are no longer possible on WhatsApp chats, and no third-party can read or listen in to the conversations. Also, WhatsApp is reportedly working on a video-calling feature, which was earlier spotted in an Android beta build, but later taken off.
For all the latest Technology News, download Indian Express App
More Tech
TechnologySamsung Galaxy Note 10 Lite India launch today: Specs, expected price
Apple iPhone XR to Vivo Z1 Pro, best deals on smartphone at Flipkart, Amazon sale
Dark mode to face unlock, these WhatsApp features are coming soon
Here's the first look at Oppo F15 with 48MP quad camera setup
Check out Xiaomi's Mi MIX Alpha, which is 180 per cent display
Chandra Grahan 2020: First Lunar Eclipse of year observed

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This session provides customised strategies and tactics to be adopted in CAT and the other MBA-entrance examinations.
This session in particular and the entire training in general will ensure that a student can handle uncertainties and ambiguities.


Nestlé has announced its entry into the global super-premium chocolate category with its almost 200 year old Swiss chocolate brand Cailler.
With Amazon as its primary retailer, Nestlé will sell Cailler chocolate in select markets in the US, Europe and Asia.
Founded by François-Louis Cailler in 1819, Cailler is one of Switzerland's oldest existing chocolate brands. It is still produced at its historic factory in Broc, 'Maison Cailler', using milk from local farms and high quality cocoa from the Nestlé Cocoa Plan.
Four different variety boxes in a choice of small and large sizes and eight tablets will be available to buy through Amazon in the US, UK and Germany.
Cailler will also be sold through travel retail outlets in major airports in Geneva, Zurich, Dubai and Singapore. In November the brand will introduce a fifth variety box globally, and will launch in China that month through Amazon.
Cailler's global chocolate range features artwork hand-designed by Swiss artisan, Marianne Dubuis, who incorporates the Swiss art of découpage (paper-cutting) into her silhouette-based designs. Each one tells a part of the Cailler story.
"We're pleased to introduce Cailler to the wider world" said Sandra Martinez, Head of Nestlé's global confectionery business.


text:
/Home/Canada/Brett Christen
Brett Christen
Canada 2023: Employment & Labour
Rae Christen Jeffries LLP
www.rcjlaw.ca
Lawyers profile | Canada 2023: Employment & Labour
Canada Guide 2023
Provided by Brett Christen
Certified since 1998 as a Specialist in Labour Law, Brett is recognized as one of Canada's top practitioners of management labour and employment law.
Brett has appeared as counsel for employers in hundreds of administrative and court proceedings at both the provincial and federal level. He frequently represents employers in collective bargaining negotiations and is known for his ability to develop innovative strategies to solve complex labour relations problems.
Brett has experience working with clients in a wide variety of sectors, including Crown corporations, municipal government, transportation and public transit, utilities, manufacturing, information technology and airport security.
Brett has been recognized by Lexpert, Best Lawyers (Canada and Global Edition) and Martindale-Hubbell.
Law Society of Ontario
Former associate editor of the Canadian Labour Relations Board Reports.
Contributing author to the annual Thompson Reuters publication, Canada Labour Code: Quick reference Guide from 2007 to 2018.
A proud Maritimer, Brett attended St. Mary's University for his undergraduate studies and received his LL.B. from Dalhousie Law School in Halifax. He was called to the bar in 1990.
Employment & Labour - Ontario
Toronto-based Brett Christen is a widely respected labour lawyer who acts for major national clients in relation to collective bargaining and mass lay-offs. He is also seasoned in defending employers against union grievances.
"I have complete trust in Brett's ability to handle matters with a high degree of expertise."
Angela Rae
Daryn Jeffries


text:
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One in three expect to be renting in retirement
It has been estimated that by 2040, up to a third of 60-year-olds will be renting and will have never owned their own home. These figures have led charities to believe that this could leave older people vulnerable to poverty, poor living conditions and eviction. It may also mean that they find making any home adaptations such as installing a stairlift to be more difficult, as this would be at the landlord's discretion.
Figures from the Council of Mortgage Lenders show that half of those born in 1960 were homeowners by the age of 30. However, only a third of those born in 1980 will achieve the same, with this reduced to a quarter for people born in 1990. This means that there will soon be a large proportion of older people who will never own their own home during their lifetime, which is a major concern. Age UK has stated that rented properties have the 'worst levels of disrepair and accessibility'.
More costs for older people will fall to the state
The situation could eventually mean taxpayers have to cover billions of pounds worth of housing benefits and social care for the elderly. Currently, most pensioners retire mortgage-free, or with very little left to pay, and are able to use this asset to release equity and pay for care homes etc. should they need to. This means that many older people will be left without a financial safety net.
Professor Wilcox, who wrote a report for the Chartered Institute of Housing on the issue, said in a Daily Mail article: "This will inevitably have an impact on housing benefit costs because many pensioners will not be able to afford the rent on their pensions. This needs to be taken into account by the Government when they are setting policy on providing opportunities for younger households to become homeowners."
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Михаи́л Фёдорович Не́стурх (23 февраля 1895 Псков Российская империя — 1979 Москва СССР) — советский приматолог и антрополог, доктор биологических наук (1962), профессор (1967).

Биография
Родился в семье псковского городского архитектора Фёдора Павловича Нестурха и Марии Эмильевны Термен. После переезда семьи в 1900 году в Одессу, обучался в гимназии. После окончания гимназии поступил на естественное отделение физико-математического факультета Новороссийского университета в г. Одессе, которое окончил в 1916 году. Был призван в армию. Окончил артиллерийские курсы. Первую мировую войну закончил подпоручиком артиллерии. После войны работал лектором политического просвещения Одесского губернского военного комиссариата. В начале 1920-х годов переехал в Москву. Окончил аспирантуру при Институте антропологии МГУ.

Научная деятельность
В 1920-е годы — научный сотрудник Государственного Тимирязевского НИИ, аспирант НИИ антропологии МГУ. С 1928 года работал в научно-исследовательском институте Антропологии и на кафедре антропологии МГУ.

Один из создателей Музея антропологии МГУ (1931). Научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией антропогенеза и приматологии НИИ МГУ.

Основные труды посвящены экологии, систематике и палеонтологии приматов, проблемам происхождения человека и расоведения..

Автор очерка «Человек (Антропологический очерк)» в 61-м томе первого издания Большой Советской энциклопедии (1934).

Основной труд — «Происхождение человека», вышедший первым изданием в 1958 году и переизданный с дополнениями в 1970 году, — суммировал в себе новейшие по тем временам данные о различных аспектах приматологии и антропогенеза, накопленные не только отечественной, но и зарубежной наукой.

В 1963 году удостоен по совокупности научных трудов учёной степени доктора биологических наук. Ответственный секретарь, заместитель ответственного редактора журнала «Советская антропология», сборника «Вопросы антропологии».

Основные работы
 Человек и его предки, М., 1934;
 Человеческие расы, 3 изд., М., 1965;
 Происхождение человека, 2 изд., М., 1970;
 Приматология и антропогенез, М., 1960.

Награды
 Орден Трудового Красного знамени
 медали.

Дети
Дочери:
 Наталья Михайловна Нестурх-Кавина (1925—1998) — архитектор, кандидат искусствоведения.
 Елена Михайловна Кроль (род. 1947) — кандидат биологических наук.

Примечания

Литература
 Большой Энциклопедический словарь. Изд-во Большая Российская энциклопедия, 1997, С-Пб «Норинт» стр. 801
 Радзиевская С.Б. Рау и Гау. Древнейшие люди и завоевание огня : повесть:  / Софья Радзиевская; науч. консультант Михаил Федорович Нестурх; худ. Михаил Анатольевич Иванов. - Москва : Облака, 2017. - 149, [3] с.: ил.- 1500 экземпляров . - ISBN 978-5-906807-30-4 : (в пер.)

Выпускники Одесского университета
Приматологи
Антропологи СССР
Сотрудники Института этнологии и антропологии РАН
Преподаватели биологического факультета МГУ

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Anna Von Reitz Update via Suzi - October 4, 2017
Received via email from Suzi......
Dear Truthseeker Community,
Yesterday, I updated our Lightworkers about Anna Von Reitz's #742. Why should this SITREP be important? Because Anna and her team represent us, the American states and people, as the Priority Creditors and Paramount Security Interest Holders in the worldwide bankruptcy of nearly all governments and their corporate central banks with few exceptions.
Perhaps the following was overlooked: Paragraph 56: "…we have completed everything necessary to reclaim and release the assets, set aside the debts, and restore lawful government to the entire world."
Not a bad to do list, in my humble opinion. I really like assets. They can be used to help people. The implications of this are hugely beneficial.
So last night, Anna published paper #743, entitled "Evil in High Places."
http://www.paulstramer.net/2017/10/evil-in-high-places.html
or http://annavonreitz.com/evilinhighplaces.pdf
This instructs us as to how our fledgling country, stuck between a rock and a hard place, struck such a bizarre deal with King George III entrusting him with the handling of 19 federal tasks for Americans (the enumerated powers).
In Anna's words,
"To say that things have run amok would be a gross understatement."
"This is about evil in High Places, which impacts us and everyone else on a worldwide basis, and which has gotten utterly out of control."
Agreed. However, this saga becomes even more pathetic, because apparently many worldwide politicians have had a bit of a shock as they have come to realize that the Central Banks want their own political power also, that they are playing for all the political marbles too, such that, per Anna, "when they finally realize that their power and position has been totally undermined by their marriage to the banks, they will waste no time in securing a divorce."
Uh, will the innocent please stand? Enough. Enough. May their divorce by swift. This tragicomedy must come to a close - yesterday! Tedious drama.
Anna draws the proverbial line in the sand. The American people are solvent, and she is paymaster for this mess, reaching into the quadrillions at last telling. The Paymaster states, "we are prepared to bring closure to these issues and an end to debt-based economics worldwide."
Unless your brain fog is total, you might gather that this is the long-awaited and very happy news! If only all intel could be this joyous....and some day it shall be.
Such relief is dearly needed across the globe. Stay the course, and stay tuned. It looks like change is upon us…
Evil in High Places
By Anna Von Reitz
It began circa 1700 when the Dutch East India Trading Company operated by the Kings of Belgium and the Netherlands decided to bilk their stock holding investors and customers and leave their insurers on the hook to pay for it.
At the time the Dutch East India Company owned and operated by far the largest fleet of merchant vessels in the world, utterly dwarfing the corresponding British Trading Companies at the time in terms of tonnage and reach.
A deal was struck between the colluding Monarchs by which the Dutch East India "assets" were allowed to find safe harbor in New York, various ports in South America, the Philippines, India, and elsewhere under the protection of the British Navy.
And so the Dutch scoundrels came to our shores and names like Vanderbilt and Rockefeller and Roosevelt along with them.
This also led to the circumstance eighty years later in which the victorious Colonists had a vast merchant fleet and no navy to spit on.
That left the Monarchs and the former Colonists in a mutual bind. The Europeans needed the raw materials from America, and the Americans needed the European markets to buy their commodities.
There was no choice but to strike a deal with King George III by which he agreed to act as the Trustee for the American Merchant Fleet on the High Seas and Navigable Inland Waters --- and assign the British Navy to protect the American (Dutch) Commercial Fleet.
This was not something either side relished, but if King George hadn't agreed the other European Monarchies would have been at war with him (and things were already bad enough) for depriving them of the income from their commercial fleets and access to American raw materials, and as for the Americans, their comparatively tiny population could not possibly consume all the commodities they produced as a means of livelihood in their own domestic markets, which would have meant waste and oversupply and loss of value in the marketplace for the fisheries, mines, farms, and plantations---- riots for the fledgling government and starvation for Americans who had already endured eight years of war.
So there you have it, the "foundational" quid pro quo that drove the set up of our government.
Now that you can understand why it was set up this way, with King George still left in charge of nineteen very fundamental and important duties and control of our federal government in those areas, you can also understand how we wound up with both The United States of America and The United States and two separate populations on our shores--- as The Definitive Treaty of Peace, Paris, 1783 put it--- we had "the free, sovereign, and independent people" living side by side with the British citizen "inhabitants" who were "residing" here on a temporary basis to provide "essential government services" (See Article IV of the actual Constitution --- what the Holy See calls the "Original Equity Contract".)
The British were here to protect commercial shipping, to direct the conduct of war if necessary, were -- as Trustees and under the obligations of trusteeship-- obligated to conduct our foreign trade negotiations for our benefit, and be responsible for all the other "delegated powers" allowed by the actual Constitution creating The United States as a subset of The United States of America.
Quite quickly, the Dutch grasped the importance of The United States of America (unincorporated, of course) and sought supremacy over the English members of that superior (with respect to The United States) government, while those like Alexander Hamilton who distrusted the Dutch and favored the English resisted by enforcing the constitutional agreements to the letter.
Here we are, more than two hundred years later. The British-Dutch, Dutch-British struggle has continued more or less unabated throughout the entire time, and the hapless Americans have been in the middle, confused by it all. Most recently, (1946) the French and the United Nations have gotten in the thick of it and had their paws in our pockets, too.
We are left with a situation which is not political in nature, but rather requires prosecution as crime, if any "Rule of Law" is to survive. We are hampered in that effort in that the members of the American and British Bar Associations entrusted with the orderly prosecution and enforcement of the Public Law are in fact misdirected to commit more crime against us (both personage and barratry) and to enforce private corporate administrative codes and to act as glorified bill collectors of non-existent debts (racketeers and privateers) instead.
Both the British and opposing interests concluded toward the beginning of last century that it was more profitable and convenient for them to feed on us together as colluding parasites, than to fight with each other over the spoils. The result has been an acceleration of the corruption, violence, and insanity which leaves everything 180 degrees out of whack and upside down.
We, the actual Americans, have meanwhile developed our resources and become a Super Power. We have no actual need for any antiquated quid pro quo to enable our goods to get to market, and no reason to embrace any joint sovereignty position at all.
We do so only to enforce the provisions of our actual Equity Contract as it stands and reserve the right to renegotiate it as we please in days to come.
We are often asked why we are not in the vanguard of some political movement, why we do not join a political party, why we are not gathering followers and choosing emblems and hoisting banners.
We reply--- there is no need. We already have our flag(s) for both war and peacetime, and we are hoisting the peacetime flag. The actual American people haven't gone anywhere and we still maintain and have our Body Politic, fully in possession of the land jurisdiction of this country. The United States of America is still very much alive, contrary to the self-interested rumors of our demise.
No, this isn't about politics. It certainly isn't about Americans committing these crimes, because they have all been committed by the Territorial "United States Citizens" and Municipal "citizens of the United States" --- dishonest foreign-controlled servants who have harmed us and then used the wealth and power they obtained from us to harm others --- and in the process made it look like we were the ones to blame.
Essentially, the same thing happened here as happened in England when Queen Victoria betrayed the people and sold them as chattel by first enfranchising them and then offering their labor and interest in their assets in exchange for investor shares in the UNITED KINGDOM----and then used the money she raised to support the Raj and colonial conquest of India. Anyone who doubts it needs only to read the papers of Benjamin D'Israeli with a modern understanding of what "enfranchisement" means in the corporate sense.
The same nasty business has been carried out on our shores and also against the Canadians and Australians, and over time, against everyone else as well. It's a form of Commercial Feudalism based on economic algorithms and Bad Faith dealings at the highest levels of government.
By all accounts dribbling in, the representatives of the member nations of the United Nations have had a nasty shock. They have realized, finally, that the central banks are not content to be rich unaccountable idol-makers. The so-called Central Banks want it all, including the political power.
In making threats and flaunting their power, the banks have over-played their hand, underestimating the more venal instincts of those who crave both political and financial power, and who have the actual means to exercise both. The politicians may be stupid, they may be lazy, they may have the morals of pigs, but when they finally realize that their power and position has been totally undermined by their marriage to the banks, they will waste no time in securing a divorce.
As for the American states and people, we say--- enough. Our money has always been and still is the actual United States Silver Dollar and our strength is still in honest international trade. Now that everyone knows that the Cesspool in DC is not our responsibility and that we are the Priority Creditors of the both the Territorial and Municipal United States, we are prepared to bring closure to these issues and an end to debt-based economics worldwide.
See this article and over 700 others on Anna's website here:www.annavonreitz.com
To support this work look for the PayPal button on this website.
Labels: Anna Von Reitz


text:
'This is Us' Star Says Series Finale Will 'Wreck' Fans
By BreAnna Bell - October 1, 2021 11:38 pm EDT
This is Us actor Milo Ventimiglia reveals fans may not be prepared for the series finale, which will debut on NBC in 2022. Ventimiglia, who plays Jack Pearson on the NBC drama, says Season 6 is "going to wreck people" –– but in a positive way.
"Everybody's excited. It's senior year — or, you know, extension year! Everyone's excited. Everyone feels good. You can tell everyone is present, and it's the same well-oiled machine that we've been a part of for the last five years," the actor told Us Weekly. "I think everybody is grateful to be able to wrap it up the way that [creator] Dan Fogelman and the writers planned. Beyond that, [we're excited to just] have fun and enjoy ourselves and be together as a group because this is the last go around."
While the cast has known how the show will close for some time, Ventimiglia shares he's figuring out more of the finale each day he's on set. "I think it's wonderful. I think it's incredibly satisfying. I think it's beautiful," he said. "I was just on set with Dan about two weeks ago and he was talking about some things that I didn't know about the end. I was there with Mandy [Moore]. We just kind of looked at each other, like, one, excited to get into it, and two, incredibly devastated as human beings because this is probably gonna wreck people in the most heartfelt way. It's beautiful. I'm so excited."
He also praised the show's writers for creating "an infinite loop of where things start and how it all kind of tailors back into one another."
As the show begins to end, he shares that he and the rest of the cast have started going through a range of emotions. While he's sad to be closing the chapter on this beloved and well-celebrated series, he's also looking forward to playing other roles. "I think the sadness just comes in that life change, where the people that you see every day, you're not going to see every day and you kind of have to make an effort to see them," Ventimiglia said. "There's excitement too. I mean, I love Jack Pearson. I've loved playing him. I love what Mandy and I have built as this couple and the beginnings of the family and where the family has gone and being a part of the crew. I think as an actor, I'm definitely itching to play something else, as we all do. At the same time, I'm proud of what we've done and I'm excited for the opportunities that will present themselves after the show is over."


text:
{-# LANGUAGE DataKinds, GADTs, KindSignatures, StandaloneDeriving #-}
module Text.GentleMark.Term ( Type(..), Term(..), tagName, tagOptions, tagBody ) where

data Type = Toplevel | Textual

data Term :: Type -> * where

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Located next to a very quiet part of the Great Wall of China Beijing Leo Great Wall Hostel offers a peaceful retreat away from the city. Free Wi-Fi access is available. The Leo Great Wall Hostel offers new air-conditioned rooms with en suite western toilet and 24 hour hot water shower. Dorm rooms are also available. You can enjoy mountain views from the room. At Beijing Leo Great Wall Hostel you will find a terrace a bar and a snack bar. Others offered at the property include a shared lounge and luggage storage. Along with seeing the Great Wall guests can also visit the nearby Yanqing city from where they can travel to the Longqing Nature Gorge Guyaju Caves Kangxi Grasslands and Song Mountain. Bike hire is also available at the hostel.


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होम bigg boss 13 Bigg Boss 13: No love between Shahnaz-Siddharth Shukla, camera angle is amazing.
Bigg Boss 13: No love between Shahnaz-Siddharth Shukla, camera angle is amazing.
Siddharth Shukla and Shahnaz Gill, these two names are currently fully featured in Big Boss 13. Since the past weekend's war, now the focus of the fans has been on Shahnaz and Siddharth.
Where Salman has clearly told Siddharth that Shahnaz is really loving her. He needs to explain this to Shahnaz. On the other hand, Shahnaz has clearly stated that she would like to be in a live in relationship with Siddharth after exiting the show.
But now Shahnaz and Siddharth have given a new twist to the love of Big Boss 13 by ex-contestant Himanshi Khurana. Himanshi Khurana has tried to explain the love between the two in a new way.
This camera is awesome.
In a conversation with Spotboy, Himanshi has clearly stated that there is no love relationship between the two. All this is just amazing camera that shows both of them like this.
What those people want to show
Himanshi said that I do not think that Siddharth and Shahnaz love each other. The audience sees what they want to show. The way Shehnaaz and Siddharth are being shown like a couple on TV, I did not do this at home.
This is done with camera angle
She maintains her point that in the show between me and Aseem it is shown that Aseem did me. Or tried to. But nothing of this sort happened in real. This camera was shown with an angle trick.
Father advised to stay away from Siddharth
Please tell that Shahnaz's father comes inside the house this week and he also advises Shahnaz to come outside the house and stay away from Siddharth Shukla. Also tells Shahnaz that if he has a big enemy in the house, he is a philosopher. That Paras is also about to express his displeasure.
पिछला लेखBigg Boss 13's Top 4 Finalist Revealed, Show Two Weeks Ahead
अगला लेखThe first picture of Kapil Sharma's daughter goes viral – it's difficult to lose sight of this cute picture.


League of Legends Referrals can get you 5000IP and 2 skins, Grey Warwick and Medieval Twitch.
The price is for 1 Referral, if you want all 5 you need to increase QTY to 5 near the add to cart button.
Important: all rewards are for 5 LoL Referrals. That is the maximum number of Referrals per one LoL account. So, if you already have 2 Referrals level 10, you can buy 3 more to get all the rewards.
LoL account on one of the servers that support League of Legends Referral service.
For 5 Referrals: 5000 IP, Grey Warwick & Medieval Twitch skins.
We need 3-7 days for level 5 accounts to level 10.
Or you can contact us by email: info@gramno.net.
A: We use softwere to level the referrals to lvl 10, it can hapen that riot removes the rewards.
Q: How do you level the referrals?
A: Our players will play normal games to get to level 10.
Q: What if I don't have Warwick & Twitch champions?
A: If you do not have Warwick & Twitch champions yet, you will get them and the skins.


Grab your lunch and join us the first Thursday of each month to learn more about SBA programs and network with other small business owners. Topic: SBA Guaranteed Loan: Women-Owned/Minority-Owned Small Business + Self-Certification This workshop will explain the process and advantages of utilizing the Women -Owned/Minority-Owned Small business contracting program for federal contracting. Come learn: • How to self-certify as a women-owned/minority-owned business • The eligibility requirements to qualify for the WOSB program • How the WOSB program can help your business compete for federal contract set-asides.


We sorted bugs with this Lakeshore set this week. The little scoop pincers are lots of fun for preschoolers to manipulate.
We squeezed colored glue onto white cardstock... for more on that technique, look here... http://jennicanknit.blogspot.com/2013/08/painting-with-watercolors-and-elmers.html We didn't paint them after, we just enjoyed putting enormous amounts of glue on paper.
It's finally feeling like fall around here... I put all my knitted pumpkins in a big galvanized tin bucket. Have a great weekend!


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Theodore Casimir Roussel
Born in Britanny and educated in Paris, Theodore Casimir Roussel moved to England in 1874 to set up his studio in Chelsea and it was here that he produced his remarkable body of printed works, including some of the most delightful topographical etchings of the area. Many of his finest plates reflect the early influence of J.A.McN. Whistler. Whistler, who is known to have had a high regard for Theodore Roussel as a follower of his style, had sought the Frenchman out, first meeting him in 1885. It was as a result of the friendship which ensued that T.C.Roussel was persuaded to commit himself fully towards printmaking.


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Pondering the Pundits
Six In The Morning Thursday 2 May 2019
Article One Powers
By ek hornbeck in News
Among them is to set their own rules of order. Filibuster in the House? Sure, why not? We've already had the Hastert Rule, named after a convicted pedophile- Dennis Hastert.
In court submissions on sentencing considerations filed in April 2016, federal prosecutors made allegations of sexual misconduct against Hastert, saying that he had molested at least four boys as young as 14 while he worked as a high school wrestling coach decades earlier. At the sentencing hearing later that month, Hastert admitted that he had sexually abused boys whom he coached. The judge in the case referred to Hastert as a "serial child molester" and imposed a sentence of 15 months in prison, two years' supervised release, and a $250,000 fine.
Majority (shudder) rule in the Senate? Yertle is your Turtle! Blue Slips, Minority Rights? Antiquated relics of the distant past much like Yertle himself.
And it's actually more important than you think. Consider a Party (any party, doesn't matter) that controls both Houses of Congress by a majority of even a single vote AND has a willing pen in the White House.
Among the least of the things they could do is pack the Courts. While my reading of the Constitution indicates a minimum of 3 (Chief Justice and plural Associate Justices), maximums are notably absent and the Article One Powers are explicitly charged with organizing the Courts.
Heck, give them enough Judges so they quit whining about their case load.
Frankly I expect Strangelovian levels of Mutually Assured Destruction until every other person you meet on the street is a Supreme Court Justice and the only way to tell is the secret handshake and the fly robes.
What if the pen is not so willing?
You're back to bad old Constitutional Super Majorities (or, as those of us who've fought wars of attrition like to call them, Minority Rights).
I think a Filibuster a blunt instrument for most things, I like Blue Slips because they're subtle and nobody knows you the way your homeys do. I think there are many reforms to be made in allowing Minorities access to Committee Hearings and Testimony, I think having the Staff do the bulk of the questioning would discourage showboating.
Likewise I think the Minority should be allowed by rule to bring a certain number of Bills forward for consideration. Hey, if your Majority is all that great, vote them down.
I am wary of impossible Super Majorities because they make blocking things too easy. You might mess with the threshold but is 55% all that much better than 60% or 50% + 1? Seems like you're just moving the goal posts and unless the margin is sufficient to require another party's votes (quite a volatile number) where's your consensus, if that's what you desire? Might just as well mandate directly you need at least 5 or 6 Quislings.
ek Politics