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Fiction #188
(published July 29, 2004)
An Event In Judea In The Consulates Of Galba And Sulla, In The 787th Year After The Foundation Of Rome
by Terence S. Hawkins
I was born knowing everything. I knew about Arians, Athansians, Albigensians, Cathars, Lutherans, Davidians. I knew everything that would be done in my name.
But I didn't know how much these nails would hurt.
You wouldn't think I'd be afraid. Why should I be? If you know— know all the way down— that you're an indivisible one-third of the Trinity that made everything, what's so bad about dying? Even this way. Crucifixion is just one long bad afternoon and once your heart stops beating, presto, you open your eyes at the right hand of the Father. So I shouldn't be afraid.
I didn't think I'd be afraid. Neither did they. The Eleven. Formerly Twelve. That's one of the reasons I had to send them away while I waited for what had to happen. I knew they'd listen in, of course, so I kept the panic out of my voice. I just asked the Father to see if He couldn't see a way around this. I knew He couldn't, of course. It didn't occur to me until after I'd asked just how wrong that was. Not that I was asking— odd, perhaps, because I was in some way talking to myself after all— but that at that moment for the first time since I opened my eyes with the Magi goggling at me I didn't know what was going to happen next.
Or what was happening. Until yesterday I was always part of everything. Everything that was and would be. I looked at a man and saw his most distant ancestors and his children's ultimate grandchildren. When noon heat beat on my back I felt not only the sweat trickling down my ribs but each atom fusing at the sun's core. The general made particular, my eyes no more than a point of view loose in a universe whose limits were narrower than my own skin.
Today I'm not. When I asked for the cup to pass last night it was as though a connection broke. Sudden silence.
Or maybe it just stretched. Because I still have moments when I see it all. Like when they put me on this cross. The Romans were neither brutal nor gentle. They were just doing a job. Professionals. The cross was lying on the ground a few feet from where they eventually erected it. My new friends, the two thieves, were already up and not being too quiet about their situation. The nails had just gone through my wrists and the soldiers were pulling my legs up into a fetal crouch to finish the job.
I was hoping the pain in my hands, the devil I knew so to speak, would distract me from the new pain about to come to my feet. Just then a voice cracked through the babble and laughter of the Chosen.
"Stop." Tall man. A Roman soldier, an officer, clearly an aristocrat. Old.
"Stretch out his legs."
The centurion commanding this detail looked puzzled. "Tribune? I don't understand."
"You don't have to." The tribune came a little closer. Leather creaked, bronze clanked. "I don't have to like this detail, either. But I don't have to perform it like an animal." His armor sounded again and suddenly he blotted out the sun. He spoke to me directly. "I'm sorry about this. You're getting a bad deal. Can't be helped. With your legs straight down like this you'll be out of it a lot faster." He turned away. "Centurion, when the rabble aren't looking finish him with a lance." The centurion had neither time nor inclination to ask when a crucifixion crowd would be looking elsewhere.
I tried to thank the tribune but my mouth was swollen shut with thirst and the aftermath of a scourging. I saw who he was: Decius Quintilianus Metellus, aged fifty-four. His father had known Cicero and Brutus. He was part of the old world, the one that had stopped believing in the gods but hadn't begun to believe in me, a man truly alone, unafraid of punishment in an afterlife only fools and Persians could credit. Thus he acted out of simple kindness and decency. Not fear of death. Not like my new friend on the cross who would decide to believe when he had no reason not to, like a hundred billion others would, soon enough, when their own lives were at an end.
I saw too how he had come to be there.
The day before in the proconsul's palace. "Since when have we done the Jews' dirty work for them?" Decius asks. Though Pilate is his friend he stands at attention.
"Since I got sent here to enforce the Pax Romana, that's when," says Pilate. "Which means, Decius, that we don't let them kill each other."
"So we kill them for them?"
"Exactly. Winning the hearts and minds of the people." Pilate smiles through his irritation.
"I'm not happy."
"You're not happy? You're not happy? How happy am I? I'm sixty years old and I'm the Governor of East Buttfuck. Middle of the fucking desert, chronically pissed off natives, closest Roman garrison ten days' hard slog away if the courier makes it. Great career move, right? Well, I'm shit sure not going to be the Governor who lost East Buttfuck. You think I want to write to Antioch for a couple extra legions because I got a civil war on my hands because I wouldn't snuff one carpenter?"
"You want Roman soldiers to execute a Judean subject for blasphemy against a local god." Decius' back, never flexible, grows just one degree more rigid.
"Oh, for fuck's sake, Decius, if we don't do it they'll stone him to death and there'll be a riot and we'll have to kill a bunch of them and some of our boys might buy it and I have to double the garrison and execute a bunch more of them and then where are we? And he, incidentally, is still dead. So look at the bottom line and tell me I'm wrong."
"I still don't like it," says Decius.
"I know you don't. Which just means you're still a hardon. Listen. We do this and we minimize loss of life, cement community relations, and demonstrate respect for local custom. Win-win."
"I still don't like it. Are those your orders, Proconsul?"
Pilate stiffens at his friend's tone. "Those are your orders, Tribune. Just do it."
I saw too how he will die. Kindness and decency and old-fashioned honor will be out of fashion in the next reign. At least he will end early, when Caligula still lets the wellborn kill themselves. He wedges the sword between two statues, its point angled up. I feel the hot flash of rage and sudden sinking despair before he throws himself forward to take the point just under the breastbone and up into his heart. I feel the stupid surprise and terror as he sees his life drain away scarlet against the mosaic floor. Then dark.
I think to warn him. I think to thank him. I think to tell one of the Twelve— sorry, Eleven— to write this down. But even if I could speak it would make no difference. None of the boys wants to hear what I have to say. Now that it is about to happen even the dullest— and that's saying a lot— knows that they're in the church-building business. And that means belief. Right action for its own sake doesn't raise a basilica or feed a bishop. So my friend on the cross will go into the Book and my friend in the army will not.
Decius was right. It is ending faster this way. With my legs hanging down it's much harder to breathe. When the muscles in my chest and belly reach the limit of endurance it will end. Unless the centurion obeys orders and ends it first.
I feel like a fool. I am just now starting to realize that I am going to die. Not someday. Today. I won't see this sun set. I may not see this hour end. I am very close now, and just now realizing that it's going to happen to me just the same as it happened to everyone ever born and ever to be born.
Only worse. This is just about as humiliating and painful a death as could be devised in a world that takes public agony as a matter of course. And while I don't think many of the rabble down there really think, really know, down inside, that the end will come to each of them, too, no other has walked the earth thirty-two years convinced he's God. Thus no other sane man has ever or will ever come to this place.
I look down and despite myself laugh. How strange I never noticed Peter's bald spot until I achieved this unique perspective. So much for omniscience.
As I think this there is another moment of connection.
It's after it's over. The light is almost gone. The boys are standing near the foot of the cross.
Peter approaches the centurion and addresses him in Aramaic. The centurion grunts and pushes him away with his ivywood staff, his badge of rank. Peter persists and the centurion raises the stick.
"Stop." Again, my friend in the army. He stands near the foot of the cross. I wonder why I can't see more than the bottom of the upright. Absurdly, I want to; I want to see what no man ever has seen, his own dead body. But I can't. Perhaps this means that I am just a man after all.
"What is it?" Decius speaks Greek. Unfortunately, Peter thinks he speaks it, too. Even at this moment I am embarrassed for him. Decius looks puzzled and a little pained. Finally the centurion tells him to speak Aramaic and translates for his superior. "Illustrious lord," says Peter, "may we have the body of our teacher for burial?"
I guess I am dead when this happens. Even Peter wouldn't try to bury a living man. Decius replies through the centurion. "Sorry. No. He's to be disposed of as your custom prescribes." The boys glance towards the big ditch at the foot of the hill. Briefly my heart rips open with pity. To see a man they think God die this way is bad; to know that come nightfall the wild dogs will be tearing out his bowels is torture.
Decius sees their pain. Again he softens. "I really am sorry." Then in halting Hebrew: "Come get him before the dogs do."
After the boys leave to await nightfall the centurion turns to Decius. "Sir, I didn't know you could speak Jew."
"You can't, centurion, can you?" Decius is absurdly pleased.
"No sir."
"I didn't think so. Perhaps you should learn it. We may be stuck here a while."
"So they say, sir." The centurion is silent a moment. No doubt dreading middle age in Palestine. "He didn't die like a god, now did he, sir?"
"No. No, he died just like a man."
"Yes. Yes, I guess he did. Like a man. Not whining like this other lot." The centurion jerks his head towards the thieves. "That quake at the end was a lucky break for him, wasn't it?"
"Not for him. His reputation, perhaps. Doesn't do him any good at all, I'm afraid. Well.
Wait until it's almost dark to take the bodies down." Decius scans the foot of the hill and points to the ditch. AI want his body dropped in at the north end and these two at the south. Guards at the south end. If his followers take the body after dark you didn't see anything. Got it?"
"Yes, Tribune." For an instant Decius thinks of adding a word or two of explanation but decides against it. He's already let discipline erode too far.
Later he reports to Pilate.
"So. Decius," says the proconsul. "Big fucking deal, wasn't it?"
"He didn't deserve to die."
"Right," Pilate sighs. "Right. He didn't deserve to die. Decius, how many men have you seen die? How many have you killed? Can you count them? No? No. Tell me now, how many of them deserved to die? All of them? No. None of them? Probably not. What difference did it make? You killed them because they were the enemy. You killed them because they were weaker than you. Only real capital crime so far as I know."
"You didn't say that to the Jews this morning."
Pilate is irritated again. He hates weakness, particularly his own. "Yeah. Well. I thought hey, they're priests, maybe they take morality seriously." He laughs. "Funny. Nothing gives you latitude with right and wrong like thinking there's something out there making the rules. Like you can argue with him, or them, or it later on to square doing whatever it is you did. Knowing that this is all there is sharpens your perspective a little. Makes you remember that the only thing that lives after you is the memory of what you did and how well you did it." He shrugs. "And whether you did the right thing. But fuck it. Say. Did you let that all-boy chorus line of his make off with the body?"
Decius thinks about lying but won't. "Yes. I threw the body in the ditch but made it clear they'd have to wait until night to get it. I'm sorry, Proconsul."
"Well. I'd call you an asshole except I'm a bigger one. I actually told them that they could put him in a tomb. And when the Talmud-thumpers came over to whine I told them to stuff it."
"Change of heart, Proconsul?"
Pilate snorts. "Fuck, no. I gave the bastards what they wanted. One dead carpenter. I wouldn't have given them that— bad mistake to let the subjects think they can push you around— but when they started shrieking about having no king but Caesar it was a no-choicer. I mean, if it got back to Tiberius that I didn't ice him after that well, I'd be lucky to go the same way." He jerks his head at his lictors. They leave. "Assuming, of course, that His Divinity can take his mind off the gallery of girls, boys, and in-between freaks he's got over there in Capri. Man knows how to retire."
He shakes his head. "Decius. Good work today. The job sucked. You did it like a soldier. I want you to do something more and I know you'll do that like a soldier too. I want you to take the guard for the next few days. Remind our stiff-necked monotheist friends that they scored one with their big guy today and that they should just shut up and go figure out how to circumcise women or something. Wait." He laughs abruptly. "Don't, or they will. Just make sure they know their Governor respects their religion and expects them to respect his authority. Or I'll do to them what Yahweh did to Pharaoh."
Decius is startled. "Proconsul? Proconsul, you've been reading."
Pilate grins. "Hey. They don't make just anybody Governor of East Buttfuck."
My vision used to encompass everything. Now it's shrunk down to a little circle of light in a sea of dark red. My ears roar with the sound of the blood coursing through my veins. Soon to stop.
In that little window into life I see my best friend, John. He was always closest to God. He was also closest to the edge. I can see from the way his eyes are rolling that this is going to put him over it completely. Too bad. Too bad I trusted my mother with him.
Why did she have to watch this, anyway? I would look at her but stubbornly my head refuses to move. All I see now is my toes, about a mile away. Better that way. Keep my head down. She'll think I'm unconscious. She would trade places with me in an instant.
Despite everything my head snaps up. She would trade places. That I knew. Not surprising. She was, after all, picked for this job. What surprises is the sudden realization that any crone down there would trade places with her son up here. Any old geezer the same. Complaining, certainly. Hesitating not at all.
I look at the boys again. They are the same. Actually, more so. So few will come to a peaceful end. And they'll die not for their children or their wives but for me, and for an idea they will get completely wrong.
I look at John again. His eyes really are sticking out quite a lot. He's shaking. He won't look at me. He won't see things that are here, and soon he'll see so many things that aren't. Fantastic beasts with more crowns than heads to wear them; whores tattooed 666; the end of time; me with a list of grievances against the seven churches of Asia.
Breath comes quite hard now. There is a lot I can't feel. Parts of my body, I mean. This is not a mercy; all ordinary sensation is submerged and imperceptible under a rising tide of pain.
I keep thinking now it's crested, now it can't get any worse. Yet still it does. Someone has raised a sponge on a reed. My head turns without my willing it. Sour wine. I suckle it, hoping it will become what it's not through the simple exercise of my will. It's worked before, after all.
It doesn't this time. This is no wedding feast. Vinegar remains vinegar. The clown with the sponge is laughing. Very funny. Why can't the boys ignore everything I've said and take care of him?
The anger rises and changes direction. Blame where blame is due. I roll my head upwards. The power of my voice is surprising. Mere audibility my last miracle. "Why me?"
The boys look startled. Then satisfied. This after all is part of their script, the part I couldn't quite rewrite for them. In this incomprehensible world all gods, their One as well as the others' Many, are capricious and cruel, spoken to only through the medium of spilled blood and the greasy smoke of sacrifice. The death of the innocent gives suppliant men some illusion of control. A ram buys a good harvest; a thousand doves averts a plague; a few hapless gladiators assure Rome's continuing Imperium. And the best bargain of all: God's son dies and by this sacrifice saves all mankind.
Good deal. Great deal. Especially if you're not God's son.
Just minutes now. Clotted filth runs down the backs of my legs and recognizing it for what it is I burn with shame. I am prepared to die but I don't want my mother to see me fouling myself. I start to cry. At this instant I am stripped even of my belief in who and what I am and have been, and I am left with only hope. This is why I am here. This is why I have to die this way. Not as a sacrifice, but as a participant. Each one of them as they endure their trials will remember that God suffered as bad a death as their world had to offer. It buys them nothing but meaning. And that is enough. More than enough.
Or so I think. So I try to remember. I was God. Now I am just a man. And I am afraid.
The light was failing. An hour before Decius' men had pried the corpses off their lumber and thrown them in the ditch as he had instructed. Still up on the hill, alone, Decius studied its north end through the growing dark.
Only moments after the teacher was pitched into the muck the dogs were on him. Within minutes the largest of the pack had claimed him as a prize. But once he had the body out of the ditch, onto firm ground where he could start working at the tender parts, the smaller dogs broke out of their circle and lunged in for a quick bite at the toes or fingers. So the big dog stood on the teacher's chest, teeth bared, daring his packmates to try for his meat.
Finally one of the students could stand it no more. Their leader, the one who had cost a soldier his ear the night before, picked up a stone. Though it did the big dog no harm as it bounced off his head, it got his attention. Emboldened the leader threw another, and the dog crouched to face this new threat, his body splayed over his week's dinner.
The other students began an uneven stoney rain. Their leader ran up the hill and in his barely literate Greek begged the use of the centurion's staff. Thus armed he ran back down the hill and as the centurion laughed he swung the ivy rod like a war club, weeping with every stroke as his friends' stones pelted his back.
Though the dog was soon dead the wooden staff did not stop. Nor did the leader's sobbing, nor from its safe distance his fellows' rain of stones. At last, the staff was thrown aside, and the other disciples' hands were empty. The leader hunched forward, crawling into himself, shuddering as he wept, his head resting on the ribs of the dead dog covering his teacher.
After a very long time he was still. The other students approached, cautious, but far bolder than the dogs who yelped and howled at the ditch's margin. The body was not too much the worse for wear. Decius watched as the students wrapped it in a shroud they had brought and bore it off. Just as they were about to leave the place of execution their leader thought to return the staff to the centurion.
Who now stood next to Decius. "Extra wine for the men tonight, tribune."
"You think so, centurion?"
"Absolutely, sir. They're soldiers. This wasn't work for them."
"No. No, it wasn't. Yes. More wine, then."
Decius turned away. Sometimes he thought about Rome. Sometimes he wanted hot baths and the touch of silk against his skin. Sometimes he wanted to feel as though he was at the center of everything there was, of the only things there were. But today he thought that perhaps everything he saw was somehow less than everything there was.
Pilate owed him now. Perhaps he would arrange for a transfer. Perhaps early retirement. He had, after all, been East for too long.
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Last week I heard something odd while driving my vehicle. I could hear my exhaust getting louder and louder the more I pressed on the accelerator as if my muffler had a hole on it.
After inspecting the exhaust pipe connected to the muffler and all around the muffler canister, I couldn't find a single hole. However, the loud noise was definitely originating somewhere in that area.
The next thing I did was unbolted the exhaust pipe that connected to the pipe towards the catalytic converter. And upon disconnecting the two pipes apart, the old exhaust pipe gasket fell out leaving nothing but pieces of disintegrated gasket remains and debris.
Looks like I obviously needed a new exhaust pipe gasket.
So I took a trip to my local auto parts store and got a new exhaust pipe gasket. The new gasket looks like a quarter-inch thick metal ring and looked nothing like the original gasket part that looked more like a thin ceramic sheet with 3 holes.
After installing the quarter-inch metal ring, I tested the results. Although it seemed to help a little, it wasn't enough to eliminate the annoying loud combustion noise.
Exhaust pipe gaskets - Honda Civic. The thicker exhaust gasket ring works best rather than the thin exhaust gasket ring shown above.
So back to the local auto parts store and ordered the thicker one-inch thick metal ring. After installing the much thicker metal ring, I re-tested the results. Success.
The thicker metal ring served as a much better exhaust pipe gasket.
2. Lifted the right rear end of the car until the wheel was off the ground. Used a jack and jackstands to secure the car. Placed a block of wood behind the rear left wheel for added security.
3. Removed the lug nuts (19mm) from the wheel and removed the wheel.
4. Removed the exhaust pipe bolts at the joint (14mm).
5. Replaced the old gasket with the new ring gasket.
6. Tightened the exhaust pipe bolts at the joint (14mm).
7. Returned the wheel and secured with lug nuts (80 lbs.ft).
8. Lowered the car back down.


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Torrance Memorial News
There is no shortage of unsettling news about highly infectious diseases. We've been alerted to Ebola ravaging Africa, a worse-than-normal flu season with only a moderately effective vaccine and a measles outbreak. But how do we decipher what's newsworthy and what's an actual threat?
Wading through the noise to figure out what hospitals are actually seeing can be a tall order. We asked two Torrance Memorial Medical Center doctors on the front lines of infectious disease to explain what they deal with on a daily basis.
We are in the midst of a measles outbreak, which has affected more than 140 people—many who are adults—and is believed to have originated at Disneyland. Last year was also a record year for measles. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2014 had the highest number of measles cases (644) they have reported in 20 years.
This year's outbreak is alarming because in just one month the number has exceeded what is typically seen in many years. Measles is highly contagious and can spread through the air by coughing and sneezing. While symptoms may be limited to fever, cough and rash, they can also progress to complications including pneumonia, ear infections and diarrhea.
The CDC and health departments are urging people to get vaccinated— the most effective way of preventing the disease. The majority of this year's reported cases are among unvaccinated individuals. According to a statement by Anne Schuchat, the director of the CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, "This is not a problem with the measles vaccine not working; this is a problem of the measles vaccine not being used."
Adults who are unsure of their immune status can have a titers blood test, which will show their level of immunity to measles. "Your primary care physician can arrange for a simple blood test to check your immune status," says Eric Nakkim, MD, who has worked in the ER for 18 years. "People born before 1957 or those who have documentation of at least two separate MMR (measles/mumps/rubella) shots are very likely to already be immune. If you think you might have measles, call your doctor for advice on what to do. If you aren't having any serious symptoms like shortness of breath, it's best to not expose others and just stay home."
According to Eric Milefchik, MD, chairman of the Infection Control Department at Torrance Memorial, if you believe you have been exposed to someone with measles, you should consult your physician, as there may be a strategy to prevent infection.
"In general, non-immunized persons can prevent measles if vaccinated with MMR within three days of an exposure. A much more difficult and expensive injection or infusion of immunoglobulin is given within six days of exposure for very high-risk patients, such as infants less than 1 year old or immunosuppressed individuals. Adults without known exposure to measles and who have no history of vaccination or blood testing showing immunity can consider receiving MMR vaccination in consultation with their physician."
Dr. Milefchik adds that vaccination is not recommended for adults born before 1957 due to the high incidence of measles in this group. Those vaccinated from 1963 to 1967 may not have lasting immunity and should get a blood test. Those vaccinated after 1967, especially if they received two doses, should be reliably immune.
All children should have two doses of the MMR vaccination—the first at 12 months of age and the second at least 28 days later but usually administered before school age. "Parents with children who have declined vaccination should strongly reconsider their reasons for such—not only for their own health but for that of others," says Dr. Milefchik. "We all benefit when vaccination levels for longrunning and safe vaccines such as the MMR remain high (over 92% for children). Outbreaks such as we are seeing now with potential for suffering, permanent disability from encephalitis or death are then easily eliminated."
Of particular concern is this year's flu. "This is the worst influenza season we've seen in a long time," notes Dr. Milefchik. "We're seeing a lot of cases."
According to flu.gov, a normal mutation in one of the active strains means that this year's vaccine may be less effective than anticipated, and as a result even vaccinated people are getting the disease. The vaccine is still effective in preventing two other flu strains, and people who are vaccinated may experience a milder illness than those who are unvaccinated.
Because of the severity, Torrance Memorial has increased screening of patients and is taking more precautionary measures, similar to those that were taken during the 2009 outbreak of the H1N1 swine flu outbreak. Right now, visitors to the hospital are limited. Kids under 14 years of age are not allowed to visit due to risk of spreading the disease.
"Children are very effective spreaders of the flu," notes Dr. Milefchik. As any parent of a youngster recognizes, they are not exactly experts at covering a cough or washing hands after touching a runny nose.
In addition, kids usually carry higher viral loads than adults do because they don't have fully developed immune systems. "What we're trying to do is protect very vulnerable patients. We want to prevent already sick people from getting this influenza," says Dr. Milefchik.
The flu is seasonal, but many diseases seen in the hospital are ongoing problems that affect populations worldwide. Multi-drug resistant pathogens are a result of overuse, and inappropriately prescribed antibiotics present a challenge in a health care setting where immunecompromised patients are particularly vulnerable to a new infection.
One particular threat is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA (pronounced "mersa"), a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics. Normally staph causes skin and other types of infection. However in hospitals and nursing homes, MRSA infections can lead to pneumonia and surgical-site and bloodstream infections. This and other antibioticresistant bacteria can be extremely hard to treat.
"Around 30% of people carry staph around on their skin—in their nasal mucosa, armpits and throat, for example," says Dr. Milefchik. Around 1% of people carry MRSA; in both cases, they may carry it without getting sick.
However, in certain cases it can lead to infection. Dr. Milefchik notes that it used to be that staph would cause problems if someone had a wound or laceration, but new strains can cause people to develop boils without a break in the skin.
Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, they can still lead to problems. "The antibiotic era has ushered in new infections," says Dr. Milefchik.
One of these is Clostridium difficile, or C. diff. This infection comes about when people are on antibiotics to treat an infection. Because broadspectrum antibiotics kill normal gut bacteria, people are more susceptible to harmful ones, like C. diff, which can be spread in hospitals and causes severe diarrhea.
An infectious disease is often first identified in the emergency room, where a specially trained nurse does an assessment. Although Ebola may have grabbed the headlines due to its severity and contagiousness, it is very rare in the U.S.— but that doesn't mean the hospital isn't staying vigilant in case there is an emergency.
"For possible Ebola, Torrance Memorial has assembled a team of nurses, physicians and respiratory therapists from the intensive care unit and emergency department.
We are trained and drilled in personal protection and treatment protocols based on the most stringent national guidelines," says Dr. Nakkim. "But in the ER we are much more likely to see various respiratory infections like bronchitis, influenza and pneumonia. Most infectious illnesses are relatively straightforward to diagnose when the patient has a full-blown case."
The challenge in the ER is that when an infection is just becoming established, the signs and symptoms in the patient may be subtle. An elderly patient with early pneumonia may only complain of being weak or tired, as opposed to the classic fever/chills, cough and shortness of breath.
Screening involves determining chief complaints and related symptoms, checking for fever and vital signs, and asking about pertinent travel history. "This information is coupled with local and national disease patterns to help determine where and how the patient should be treated," says Dr. Nakkim.
PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF INFECTIONS
Stopping the spread of pathogens like MRSA, C. diff and other difficult-to-treat organisms is a high priority at Torrance Memorial.
Since the goal is rapidly assessing and treating a patient while also protecting other patients and health care workers, clinicians use isolation rooms for patients with a suspected highly virulent illness. In the new Lundquist Tower, all patient rooms are private, making isolation easier, says Dr. Milefchik.
In addition, Torrance Memorial has increased the screening of patients for MRSA. If a patient does have MRSA, health care workers do barrier isolation—wearing gowns, gloves and masks or face shields. Patients are also bathed in chlorohexidine, an antiseptic antibacterial that can help reduce transmissibility.
For suspected flu patients, health care workers wear face masks (also called "droplet isolation"), which helps prevent the spread of the virus. Torrance Memorial is also taking an active stance in preventing these infectious diseases from arising in the first place and improving clinical treatment of them.
"Some of the more difficult infectious diseases to treat are due to the rise of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Antibiotics are way overprescribed in the U.S.," says Dr. Nakkim. "Examples of this would be treating a cold virus with antibiotics, treating a urinary tract infection in a patient with no symptoms or prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics for a skin abscess instead of simply draining it. Torrance Memorial's Antibiotic Stewardship Program helps physicians prescribe the right antibiotic in the right setting."
Using evidence-based protocols creates a standardized approach to treating infectious disease, resulting in clearer decision-making for the physician and also better care for the patients, says Dr. Nakkim. "This also protects everyone else in our community by doing our part to limit drug-resistant bacteria."
In addition, Dr. Milefchik notes they are doing research on the best way to treat patients with MRSA. Currently they are looking at the effectiveness of chlorohexidine bathing versus isolation.
POTENTIAL PATHOGENS
Torrance Memorial stays alert to infections arising in the community. West Nile Virus, which mosquitoes transmit to humans, was a problem in 2013. Although there haven't been many cases this year, it is now endemic to mosquitoes in the area. Other infections on the radar include Enterovirus 68, which is currently a problem mainly on the East Coast and in the Midwest and can cause severe respiratory illness.
Preparedness and training have helped Torrance Memorial stay on the forefront of problematic pathogens. Dr. Nakkim notes, "When patients, health care providers and hospital leaders work together as a team, those germs don't have a chance!"
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
José Claudio Wílliman (1925–2006) was a Uruguayan lawyer and political figure.

Background
Wílliman was born in Montevideo. A Doctor of Laws, he was a university teacher for many years. His grandfather, Claudio Wílliman was a Colorado Party President of Uruguay 1907–1911.

Political activities and office

José Claudio Wílliman was a prominent member of the Uruguayan National (Blanco) Party. As a younger man, he was involved with Ruralist activism.

He served in the Uruguayan Senate 1985–1990.

Death

He died in 2006.

See also

 Politics of Uruguay
 List of political families#Uruguay

References
 :es:José Claudio Williman

References

People from Montevideo
Members of the Senate of Uruguay
20th-century Uruguayan lawyers
20th-century Uruguayan historians
Uruguayan people of French descent
French people of Galician descent
1925 births
2006 deaths
National Party (Uruguay) politicians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


RentonRenton actress embarks on Scotland-wide tour with hit show The DollsRiver City's Gayle Telfer-Stevens to take to stages across the country with hilarious performance.
Doctor WhoHollywood tributes paid to acting legend John Hurt who died aged 77Stars have been paying tribute to the acting legend John Hurt, who is best known for roles in The Elephant Man, Alien and Harry Potter.
The Student RecordDoctor Who star Simon Fisher-Becker predicts bright future for comic con craze sweeping ScotlandFisher-Becker, who also appeared in Harry Potter, was discussing the craze that is taking Scotland by storm with thousands of fans travelling the country to take part.
The royal message even beat Strictly Come Dancing's Christmas offering.
EntertainmentVisual effects expert Paul McGuinness met Wonder Woman surrounded by corpses ... not quite what his teenage self had in mindTeenage Paul had a crush on Super Woman actress Lynda Carter in the 70s so working on the set with DC's reimagining of the heroine pleased the young boy within.
David TennantDavid Tennant is going from doctor to duck as the new voice of Scrooge The Scottish actor is to voice the famously stingy animated character Scrooge McDuck in the new Duck Tales series in 2017.
OutlanderHas Outlander Found its Mary McNab?Has another key cast member been found for the eagerly anticipated next season of Outlander?
Doctor WhoCambuslang man contributes to new Avengers bookKenny Smith, 42, a former pupil of West Coats Primary and Cathkin High, has written a section of a newly-published compilation of comic strips based on hit show The Avengers.
FIND out about some of the television exclusives that will be broadcast in the name of charity a week on Friday.
The QueenSee the incredible costumes in Netflix's new £100m TV show about the early reign of the QueenTHE TV show, which is said to be the most expensive ever aired on the streaming service, features Claire Foy and ex-Doctor Matt Smith in the key roles.
GlasgowBest supporting actor: Charles Rennie Mackintosh chairs a hit on big screenGLASGOW School of Art research fellow Dr Robyne Calvert to compile definitive guide to iconic artist's appearances in film, television and video.
RutherglenRutherglen writer Andrew Smith pens Doctor Who adventure for Sir John HurtRutherglen writer Andrew Smith has penned a story for acting legend John Hurt - and he's been inspired by a novelist with Royal Burgh connections.


Andrew Maynard argues against defining engineered nanomaterials for regulatory purposes (Nature 475, 31; 2011). But such a definition is urgently needed, especially for particulate nanomaterials. The aim should be to identify a general class of materials for attention — whether they are benign or hazardous.
Nanomaterials have many properties not shared by their larger-scale counterparts, some of which have safety implications. More and more products containing novel nanomaterials are reaching the market.
In light of legitimate public concerns and the resultant political responses, a revision and adaptation of legislation is considered necessary. The European Cosmetic Products Regulation of 2009 and a European Parliament legislative resolution on food information adopted in July 2011 both stipulate that nanomaterial ingredients should be strictly labelled. The European Parliament has called for the adoption of a "comprehensive science-based" definition of 'nanomaterial'.
Maynard's point that such materials are heterogeneous is justified. However, they all have structures on the nanoscale, which modify their other properties. Size is therefore the most appropriate parameter on which to base a broad definition (see also G. Lövestam et al. EUR 24403 EN, European Commission Joint Research Centre; 2010). A definition is required for labelling purposes, and would assist industry and regulators in identifying where specific safety assessments might be necessary. We acknowledge that it would need revision in line with fresh scientific evidence.


text:
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
//
//
// Use of this sample source code is subject to the terms of the Microsoft
// license agreement under which you licensed this sample source code. If
// you did not accept the terms of the license agreement, you are not
// authorized to use this sample source code. For the terms of the license,
// please see the license agreement between you and Microsoft or, if applicable,
// see the LICENSE.RTF on your install media or the root of your tools installation.
// THE SAMPLE SOURCE CODE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITH NO WARRANTIES OR INDEMNITIES.
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
//  THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
//  ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
//  THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A
//  PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <nkintr.h>

//
// Functional Prototypes
//
static void pOutputByte(unsigned char c);
static void pOutputNumHex(unsigned long n,long depth);
static void pOutputByteHex(unsigned char n);
static void pOutputNumDecimal(unsigned long n);
static void OutputString(const unsigned char *s);

char *szSprintf;

//
// Routine starts
//
/*****************************************************************************
*
*
*   @func   void    |   OutputFormatString | Simple formatted output string routine
*
*   @rdesc  none
*
*   @parm   const unsigned char * |   sz,... |
*               Format String:
*
*               @flag Format string | type
*               @flag u | unsigned
*               @flag d | int
*               @flag c | char
*               @flag s | string
*               @flag x | 4-bit hex number
*               @flag B | 8-bit hex number
*               @flag H | 16-bit hex number
*               @flag X | 32-bit hex number
*
*   @comm
*           Same as FormatString, but output to serial port instead of buffer.
*/
void KITLOutputDebugString( const unsigned char *sz, ... )
{
    unsigned char    c;
    va_list         vl;

    va_start(vl, sz);

    while (*sz) {
        c = *sz++;
        switch (c) {
            case (unsigned char)'%':
            c = *sz++;
            switch (c) {
                case 'x':
                pOutputNumHex(va_arg(vl, unsigned long), 0);
                break;
                case 'B':
                pOutputNumHex(va_arg(vl, unsigned long), 2);
                break;
                case 'H':
                pOutputNumHex(va_arg(vl, unsigned long), 4);
                break;
                case 'X':
                pOutputNumHex(va_arg(vl, unsigned long), 8);
                break;
                case 'd': {
                long    l;

                l = va_arg(vl, long);
                if (l < 0) {
                    pOutputByte('-');
                    l = - l;
                }
                pOutputNumDecimal((unsigned long)l);
            }
                break;
                case 'u':
                pOutputNumDecimal(va_arg(vl, unsigned long));
                break;
                case 's':
                OutputString(va_arg(vl, char *));
                break;
                case '%':
                pOutputByte('%');
                break;
                case 'c':
                c = va_arg(vl, unsigned char);
                pOutputByte(c);
                break;
                case 'C':
                    pOutputByteHex(va_arg(vl, unsigned char));
                    break;

                default:
                pOutputByte(' ');
                break;
            }
            break;
            case '\n':
            pOutputByte('\r');
            // fall through
            default:
            pOutputByte(c);
        }
    }

    va_end(vl);
}

/*****************************************************************************
*
*
*   @func   void    |   pOutputByte | Sends a byte out of the monitor port.
*
*   @rdesc  none
*
*   @parm   unsigned int |   c |
*               Byte to send.
*
*/
static void pOutputByte( unsigned char c )
{
    if (szSprintf)
        *szSprintf++ = c;
    else
        OEMWriteDebugByte(c);
}

/*****************************************************************************
*
*
*   @func   void    |   pOutputNumHex | Print the hex representation of a number through the monitor port.
*
*   @rdesc  none
*
*   @parm   unsigned long |   n |
*               The number to print.
*
*   @parm   long | depth |
*               Minimum number of digits to print.
*
*/
static void pOutputNumHex( unsigned long n, long depth )
{
    if (depth) {
        depth--;
    }

    if ((n & ~0xf) || depth) {
        pOutputNumHex(n >> 4, depth);
        n &= 0xf;
    }

    if (n < 10) {
        pOutputByte((unsigned char)(n + '0'));
    } else {
    pOutputByte((unsigned char)(n - 10 + 'A'));
    }
}

static void pOutputByteHex( unsigned char n )
{
    unsigned char x = n >> 4;
    n = n & 0xF;

    if (x < 10) {
        pOutputByte((unsigned char)(x + '0'));
    } else {
    pOutputByte((unsigned char)(x - 10 + 'A'));
    }

    if (n < 10) {
        pOutputByte((unsigned char)(n + '0'));
    } else {
    pOutputByte((unsigned char)(n - 10 + 'A'));
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************
*
*
*   @func   void    |   pOutputNumDecimal | Print the decimal representation of a number through the monitor port.
*
*   @rdesc  none
*
*   @parm   unsigned long |   n |
*               The number to print.
*
*/
static void pOutputNumDecimal( unsigned long n )
{
    if (n >= 10) {
        pOutputNumDecimal(n / 10);
        n %= 10;
    }
    pOutputByte((unsigned char)(n + '0'));
}

/*****************************************************************************
*
*
*   @func   void    |   OutputString | Sends an unformatted string to the monitor port.
*
*   @rdesc  none
*
*   @parm   const unsigned char * |   s |
*               points to the string to be printed.
*
*   @comm
*           backslash n is converted to backslash r backslash n
*/
static void OutputString( const unsigned char *s )
{
    while (*s) {
        if (*s == '\n') {
            OEMWriteDebugByte('\r');
        }
        OEMWriteDebugByte(*s++);
    }
}

#define ENTRIES_PER_LINE 16
void
EdbgDumpHexBuf(PUCHAR pBuf, DWORD Count)
{
    DWORD i,j;

    KITLOutputDebugString("Dump of %u bytes @ 0x%X\n",Count,(DWORD)pBuf);

    for (i=0; i<Count; i+= ENTRIES_PER_LINE) {
        KITLOutputDebugString("\n0x%X    ",i);

        for (j=0; j<ENTRIES_PER_LINE; j++)
            if ((i+j) >= Count)
                KITLOutputDebugString("\n");
            else
                KITLOutputDebugString("%B ", pBuf[i+j]);
    }
    KITLOutputDebugString("\n");
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Communicating the COVID-19 Crisis
A Comparative Analysis of Crisis Communication by Governments and Heads of State
Wider research context / theoretical framework
Crisis are determined by their unexpected nature and are singular events, which are usually temporarily and geographically limited. Therefore, comparative studies on political crisis communication are scarce. The global scale and massive impact of the COVID-19 crisis provide an unprecedented opportunity for a large-n, comparative study that systematically compares the strategies of crisis communication and for making robust inferences about factors that influence the nature of these strategies.
Hypotheses/research questions /objectives
With this project, we examine the strategies of communication that governments and heads of state used in televised press conferences to steer their countries through the immediate phase of the COVID-19 crisis through a combination of three analytic decisions: we analyze press conferences as the most important means of communication, focus on governments and heads of state as the most important political actors, and select the immediate phase of the COVID-19 crisis as a distinct time frame. We seek to answer two research questions:
1. Which strategies of crisis communication did governments and heads of state choose in the immediate phase of the COVID-19 crisis?
2. Which factors influence the crisis communication strategies of governments and heads of state?
Approach/methods
This project focuses on televised press conferences as a crucial yet understudied form of crisis communication. During the COVID-19 crisis, such press conferences were held in all the countries included in our study. We will use a combination of quantitative content analysis, discourse analysis and topic modelling to analyze crisis communication in 17 OECD countries.
Level of originality / innovation The project will lead to three original contributions: First, it enhances our knowledge of the political dimensions of the COVID-19 crisis. Second, we add to the literature by analyzing government communication strategies in a crisis of unprecedented global scale. Third, we employ an innovative data collection approach by relying on crowd-sourcing to transcribe and translate press conferences for further automated and manual text analysis.
Primary researchers involved
The project team consists of three researchers at the Department of Political Science at the University of Innsbruck. Lore Hayek (principal investigator) is an assistant professor focusing on political communication, Sarah C. Dingler is an assistant professor specializing in empirical gender research, and Martin Senn is an associate professor of International Relations.
Bates, Katie, and Lore Hayek. 2021. Austria: a ski resort as Europe's virus slingshot. In Political Communication and Covid-19: Governance and Rhetoric in Times of Crisis, edited by Darren Lilleker, Ioana Coman, Milos Gregor, and Edoardo Novelli. London: Routledge.
Funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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Oftentimes, intrapreneurs resort to presentations and meetings with executives in an effort to convince them why they should explore new initiatives. Sometimes this works. Most times it doesn't. Such pursuits fall flat because the recipients have an inherent lack of incentive to explore innovation, a preconceived notion that innovation is riskyand expensive and ultimately, don't understand or connect with the proposition.
In this episode I tell a story about a smell that changed the path of English economic history.


Teri Aseeri Ka Bahana Novel By Sadaf Asif Read online Free Download Free Download Teri Aseeri Ka Bahana Novel By Sadaf Asif PDF You can download Teri Aseeri Ka Bahana Novel by Sadaf Asif in PDF and click under the link Download the book and read this book online in the online server with high HD quality. Read online and download free Teri Aseeri Ka Bahana Novel by Sadaf Asif in PDF format.
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text:
Ethisphere Names Ecolab One of the World's Most Ethical Companies for 13th Consecutive Year
PR Newswire February 26, 2019
Ecolab one of only eight companies to receive recognition every year since 2007
ST. PAUL, Minn., Feb. 26, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Ecolab Inc. has again been recognized as one of the World's Most Ethical Companies by the Ethisphere Institute, a global leader in defining and advancing the standards of ethical business practices. Ecolab has been named one of the World's Most Ethical Companies every year since the list's inception in 2007.
Ecolab Inc. logo (PRNewsfoto/Ecolab Inc.)
"Our 49,000 associates work hard every day to deliver the best results for our customers, the right way," said Ecolab Chairman and CEO Douglas M. Baker, Jr. "We appreciate the Ethisphere Institute again recognizing us for our commitment to operating ethically and responsibly as we work to make the world cleaner, safer and healthier."
Ethisphere's list of the World's Most Ethical Companies recognizes companies for their integrity, ethics and critical role in driving positive change in the business community and societies around the world.
"Today, employees, investors and stakeholders are putting their greatest trust in companies to take leadership on societal issues. Companies that take the long view with a purpose-based strategy are proven to not only outperform but last," said Ethisphere CEO Timothy Erblich. "I congratulate everyone at Ecolab for earning this recognition."
The World's Most Ethical Companies recognition is based upon Ethisphere Institute's Ethics Quotient® (EQ) framework, which offers a quantitative way to assess performance in an objective, consistent and standardized manner. The information collected provides a comprehensive sampling of definitive criteria of core competencies, rather than all aspects of corporate governance, risk, sustainability, compliance and ethics.
Scores are generated in five key categories: ethics and compliance program (a 35 percent weighting), corporate citizenship and responsibility (20 percent), governance (15 percent) and leadership and reputation (10 percent).
To view the 2019 list of the World's Most Ethical Companies, visit: worldsmostethicalcompanies.com/honorees.
A trusted partner at nearly three million customer locations, Ecolab (ECL) is the global leader in water, hygiene and energy technologies and services that protect people and vital resources. With annual sales of $15 billion and 49,000 associates, Ecolab delivers comprehensive solutions, data-driven insights and on-site service to promote safe food, maintain clean environments, optimize water and energy use and improve operational efficiencies for customers in the food, healthcare, energy, hospitality and industrial markets in more than 170 countries around the world. For more Ecolab news and information, visit www.ecolab.com.
(ECL-C)
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ethisphere-names-ecolab-one-of-the-worlds-most-ethical-companies-for-13th-consecutive-year-300802205.html
EU opens formal competition investigation into Amazon over use of merchant data


Tertiary Bachelor's 4–6 In most fields, Bachelor's take 4 years, exceptions are Architecture, Dentistry, and Pharmacy. Medicine is 6 years. A Master study is one year general studies, and one year research and writing of thesis.
Iraq, that once had one of the finest education systems in the world and approaching 100% literacy is struggling to recover from over a decade of violence when many schools were destroyed and many teachers became dead soldiers. There is also conflict between fundamentalist religion and the concept of free and open education for all. While this continues, children suffer. Among primary school-age girls in poor areas the situation is particularly depressing. The cause of this is a combination of child-employment in families and a complete lack of some facilities.
Those children (mainly boys in cities) who make it through primary school but who are unable to afford private school fees, often find a similarly depressing environment when they enter state secondary school. Teachers are far too few and hopelessly under-supported – despite all their well-meaning efforts the failure rate is up against lower hurdles. This situation can unfortunately not improve until something is done about teacher training standards.
There are 24 universities in Iraq that range from dubious to excellent. Some are state-controlled, some are religiously affiliated and others are local campuses of foreign ones.
The University of Baghdad was established in 1956 thereby absorbing Mustansiriya University that dates from the year 1233, and is depicted here. It was seriously damaged during military occupations and by rioting students in 2007, from which trauma it is still recovering.


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Green Valley Ranch is a hotel, casino, and spa located in the within Green Valley community in Henderson, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Station Casinos. The casino is less than 20 miles from downtown Las Vegas. It's proximity to Las Vegas makes it an ideal location for travelers wishing to experience relaxing, upscale accommodations without a lot of the commotion that comes with the resorts on The Strip.
The property has 8 restaurants that can satisfy a wide variety of culinary cravings. If you are in the mood for a quick and convenient meal, there is a food court that serves up burgers, ice cream, noodle dishes, and more. A fine dining experience awaits at Hanks Fine Steaks and Martinis. If you are staying over the weekend, Happy Hour on Fridays at Borracha Mexican Cantina is a good way to kick things off.
Needing a break from the thrill of the casino? Make sure you check out the pool! In the middle of the resort, there is an 8 acre swimming complex, complete with a pool that has a sandy bottom! Access to the pools is complementary for registered guests, however, people not staying at the hotel may purchase access to the pools as well.


To filter salaries for Manager in Tampa, FL Area, Sign In or Register.
How much does a Manager make in Tampa, FL?
The average salary for a Manager is $64,345 in Tampa, FL. Salaries estimates are based on 2,697 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by Manager employees in Tampa, FL.


Nationwide growth in FMCG bounced back in third quarter after dipping in previous quarter, according to latest Nielsen report.
Nationwide growth in fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) came in at 6.4 per cent year-on-year in the third quarter, primarily due to an increase of 5.8 per cent in volume, according to the Nielsen Quarterly Market Pulse report released by Nielsen Vietnam.
When looking deeper into the six super FMCG categories nationwide, beverages recorded the highest increase, with growth of 8.5 per cent, led by an increase of 6.4 per cent in volume. Cigarettes also recorded solid growth, of 5.9 per cent. Other super categories, meanwhile, showed some level of stagnation.
The Market Pulse Report is based on the results of the Nielsen Retail Measurement study of FMCG, which provides continuous tracking of product movement through defined retail outlets. The data is used to measure manufacturer and retailer efforts as well as consumer off-take.
The report also shows that rural areas continue to have major potential for many manufacturers. While beverage growth in urban areas was 4.7 per cent year-on-year, growth in rural areas was 7.6 per cent, led by 7.4 per cent volume growth and contributing 54 per cent to total FMCG sales.


Whether or not you want to admit it, your company faces risks every day. Every business does. But how do you plan for risks—and when you're facing multiple threats, which ones are most important?
The easiest way is to guess. We humans do it all the time. Should you take Main Street or First Avenue home? Well, First is usually busy this time of night, so Main it is. Except—whoops, there's construction on Main, and now you're stuck in a traffic jam.
The thing about guessing is this: we like to think it works, but the reality is that it's a mental shortcut that is, at best, based only loosely on what happened in the past. Because at the end of the day, our guesses just aren't very good. We're biased, and forgetful, and a thousand other things.
So how can we improve our ability to guess when it matters most—in other words, when we're making a risk-based decision? By using data and foundational information to drive a risk assessment. Qualitative risk assessments based on subjective criteria are effective when there is no relevant data present. The three approaches below are typically used to assess strategic risks that have never occurred before.
Risks can be quickly rated on their potential impact. This is usually done with a 5-point scale that ranges from, for example, low to high, incidental to extreme, or very low to catastrophic.
These definitions are quantitatively defined so that the ratings mean the same no matter who uses them.
A frequency scale measures two factors: frequency (ranging from rare to frequent, for example), and probability (the likelihood of a risk occurring). Quite often, frequency will be assessed within the context of a planning cycle—"What are the risks to our objectives in the next three years?"—or annually.
Like a qualitative risk assessment, this also is quantitatively defined so that the ratings mean the same across the board.
Finally, a vulnerability scale assesses how well prepared we are for a risk event, ranging from very low vulnerability to very high.
One way to understand how risk is part of a larger system—and thus understand and plan for it better—is a risk bow-tie.
Looking at the left-hand side of the bow-tie helps us understand the things that lead to a risk event, or influence the likelihood of the event occurring. The right-hand side describes the potential results of the event, which means it helps us understand the impact of that event should it occur.
A bow-tie is a useful tool because it helps you collect data, then add that data to your inputs and outputs to help you better assess likelihood and impact. Ultimately, this allows you to increase the accuracy of your risk assessment.
For example, let's say you want to learn which employees are gaining access to a restricted area. You could monitor access control behavior to see which rooms employees try to access, and find out how often employees end up in areas that they're not supposed to be in. These data points are typically referred to as Indicators or Key Risk Indicators (KRIs). Indicators typically have a target value—and when that threshold is crossed, an alert is issued to the appropriate person.
Using a bow-tie, you can focus on putting controls in place to mitigate or limit contributing factors, influence the flow of events, and alter the likelihood or impact of a risk.
In our example, you might run programs to improve employee morale, put restrictions in place to prevent unauthorized access, have asset redundancy to prevent service downtime, or use encrypted data to reduce the chance of IP theft.
Qualitative risk assessments are better than nothing. However, each method is subject to bias and errors in estimation.
To improve your qualitative assessments, think about what data you have available, and about how you can use it for risk assessment.
You already know what the risk is, so what data will help you better monitor the risk or assess its impact? What event would take you off your target? How would you know if you were off- target, and what might indicate that you were off?
You can get a better handle on risk by mining through your data and looking for patterns or anomalies. In other words, data can be the greatest discovery tool for risks, helping you identify and assess the greatest risks to your organization.
However, because data needs to be interpreted and aligned to risk events, it's most effective when you have an incident data set that can be analyzed by a subject matter expert.
Risk events that are frequent enough to produce data. You don't need huge numbers, but the more you have, the better. It's very hard to use an incident to predict a risk that is rare (such as a competitor releasing a similar product around the same time), but you could use it for a highly frequent event like a slip and fall. Reducing this risk still has a big impact, and it's something you will have enough data for.
Risk events where the past is representative of the future. Is it a representative model? There could be events that occurred in the past that are now irrelevant. For example, your old slip and fall data won't mean anything if your office is now in a different location than it was previously.
Access to the data. Do you have access? Can you get it? Sometimes this is hard because there are unknown or subjective factors.
The ability to establish a baseline. To do risk assessment right, you'll need data about when the risk didn't happen. For example, it's all well and good to analyze the 23 parking tickets your delivery drivers get in an average week—but what about the 900+ deliveries where they don't get ticketed? When you are looking to assess likelihood, you'll need to have some information to reference. The most obvious would be near misses—parking incidents that almost occurred, but didn't. Ideally, though, you'd look at the number of times a truck was parked illegally and didn't get a ticket, or perhaps even the number of times a truck was parked at all.
Start collecting data. Remember to collect non-occurrences (near misses, total volume, times when controls worked). If you don't have the data, you can't use it to help you make informed predictions and assess risks based on data.
Use indicators and incidents to feed data into your models. Look for the data you already have. How can you use it?
Consider Resolver. Resolver software can help you with your risk assessment technique every step of the way. Define your scale and do a qualitative assessment, build a risk bow-tie so that you can understand the ins and the outs of the risk event, track key risk indicators around those things and feed data into the model, and use a standard process to quantify and assess the risks. Whatever it is, we can help.


III. Officers of the level of chief General Manager/ General Manager of Central Public Sector undertakings or officers of the level of MD of State Public Sector undertakings (with min. turnover 250 crore) having experience of 3 years in marketing.
IV. Officers with good academic background and having qualifications in Agricultural Economics, Agrl Marketing, or any other Agricultural & Allied subjects will be preferred.
Last date of application: 45 days from the date of advertisement.


text:
Seth MacFarlane (creator Family Guy)
Nacido en: 1973 EE UU
Anual: $30,000,000.00
Mensual: $2,500,000.00
Semanal: $576,923.08
Gazettereview Aug 2016: Seth makes at least $50,000 per episode of Family Guy (20 in 2016), and in addition he receives at least $2 million a year as a direct salary from the Fox network. In 2009 he signed a deal with Fox for them to run Family guy for the next ten years, that agreement alone benefited Seth to the tune of at least $100 million. Forbes July 2014: $35 million Forbes June 2012: $55 million Forbes May 2012: $36 million According to The Hollywood Reporter, the new deal could be worth more than $100 million, making MacFarlane the highest paid writer-producer in the TV business."
Text: Gazettereview
Update: 2016-10


Is My Dog Ever Going To Unwind? Tips For An Anxious Mutt.
Whether your training concentrates on straightforward commands like teaching your dog to sit or something more involved, discipline and instruction are essential. These are some handy tips on finding a correct coach or becoming a really good one yourself. Each dog requires a calm and assured leader to feel safe. Any dog owner can show that he's a robust leader by inspiring and rewarding good behavior.
Establishing to your pet that you are a powerful leader makes training less complicated and creates a bond between pet and owner. Always end a training session with your dog on an encouraging note, even if you've got to manipulate the eventuality to make your dog successful. Ending a training session straight after a disciplinary action will mean that your dog will remember the session as being about punishment, not about training. Maintain consistent volume and voice tone over a period when giving your dog commands.
Your tone conveys gravity to the dog and the undeniable fact that they must obey you. Doing this also guarantees that your dog will know the most notable difference between your "you are in trouble" voice and your "do as I say" voice. Any dog you adopt should really go through at least a basic obedience class with a pro (see our recommedations here).
The talents you can learn something from a pro course will more than outweigh the price of the course. Additionally, a course gives you and your dog an opportunity to socialize with other dogs and their owners. When training your dog to address its fear or foreboding related behaviors, go slow.
Replying to a phobia or uneasiness reply with aggression only leads to more fear and even mistrust. Take it slow and give your dog the chance to succeed. He is going to grow in confidence and reduce fear prompted behaviors. Studying how to hear your dog will make you a better tutor of him. Animals aren't androids that may be programmed, and your dog has a character with preferences and mannerisms, like you.
Understanding the subtleties of your dog's expressions will help you interpret more in training and expand your capability to show him. Hopefully, these axioms will improve your relations with your pet, and permit the two of you to enjoy your time together.
By training your dog correctly, you may forestall stress and disappointment in both of your lives. Whether you make a decision to take on the issue of training your dog yourself or you wish to find a professional, training will help you like many cheerful years with your dog. Lastly, you should check out petnailexpert.com for more dog training guides.


The Business Integrity Country Agenda (BICA) is an initiative developed by Transparency International (TI) which seeks to reduce corruption in the business environment. BICA is based on the concept that collective action, involving government, the business sector and civil society, is more effective in promoting business integrity than stand-alone actions by individual stakeholders or groups.
operational reform agenda deriving from the assessment's key findings to be implemented through collective action.
BICA–Mongolia is the country's first comprehensive analysis of contributions made by all stakeholders to transparency, integrity and accountability in the corporate sector. The report identifies the contributions and shortcomings of the business sector, public institutions and civil society that play major roles in the fight against corruption. The analysis aims to strengthen all stakeholders by establishing a comprehensive reform agenda through their active engagement in advocacy activities.
This study has been conducting its desktop research according to the methodology developed by Transparency International Global. The agenda evaluates 51 indicators of 15 thematic areas considering relationship between public and private sector, and civil society. Therefore, the research evaluates the score of each 3 sectors. We should note that there is no comparison within countries around the world.
Throughout the research, we have established National Advisory Group of 10 advisors to provide significant inputs for the development of all research materials and inform and ensure the research's validity at all stages.


text:
Baseball / MLB
Uehara, Sugiuchi win MVP honors
Koji Uehara of the Yomiuri Giants and Toshiya Sugiuchi of the Daiei Hawks, who both won five straight decisions last month, were named the August players of the month in the pitchers' division, baseball officials said Tuesday.
Hiroshima Carp infielder Andy Sheets was selected the league's top position player after batting .351 with nine homers and 23 RBIs. In the Pacific League, Nobuhiko Matsunaka of the Hawks, who compiled a league-high 32 RBIs during the period, was named the most valuable position player.


text:
Q: Mat.inv() yielding all zeroes in opencv I have the following code :
    cv::Mat temp0 = R.t();
    cv::Mat temp1 = R * temp0;
    cv::Mat temp2(960, 960, CV_32FC1);
    temp2 = temp1.inv();

    cv::Size s = temp1.size();
    std::cout<<s.height<<" "<<s.width<<std::endl;

    std::cout<<cv::format(temp1, "numpy" ) << std::endl;
    std::cout<<cv::format(temp2, "numpy" ) << std::endl;

The Transpose works correctly, so does the matrix multiplication. Thus the Mat temp1 has a size of 960x960. However, when I do temp2 =temp1.inv(), I recieve all zeroes in temp2. I mean zeroes is all of the 960x960 cells. Also, R is of type CV_32FC1 only. So it is probably not a datatype issue. I cannot understand the issue here. I googled so much. Can you please help.
EDIT
I am copying below the gdb output for the Mat::inv() function. I am having a hard time figuring it all out, but if someone is more familiar with OpenCV, maybe it will be of help :)
Breakpoint 1, CreateShares::ConstructShares (this=0x80556d0, channel=..., k=2, n=4) at CreateShares.cpp:165
165     temp2 = temp1.inv();
(gdb) step

cv::Mat::operator= (this=0xbffff294, e=...) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:1373
1373        e.op->assign(e, *this);
(gdb)
1374        return *this;
(gdb) step
1375    }
(gdb) step
cv::MatExpr::~MatExpr (this=0xbfffef64, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:1167
1167    class CV_EXPORTS MatExpr
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::~Mat (this=0xbfffefdc, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:295
295     release();
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::release (this=0xbfffefdc) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:381
381     if( refcount && CV_XADD(refcount, -1) == 1 )
(gdb) step
383     data = datastart = dataend = datalimit = 0;
(gdb) step
384     size.p[0] = 0;
(gdb) step
385     refcount = 0;
(gdb) step
386 }
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::~Mat (this=0xbfffefdc, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:296
296     if( step.p != step.buf )
(gdb) step
298 }
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::~Mat (this=0xbfffefa4, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:295
295     release();
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::release (this=0xbfffefa4) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:381
381     if( refcount && CV_XADD(refcount, -1) == 1 )
(gdb) step
383     data = datastart = dataend = datalimit = 0;
(gdb) step
384     size.p[0] = 0;
(gdb) step
385     refcount = 0;
(gdb) step
386 }
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::~Mat (this=0xbfffefa4, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:296
296     if( step.p != step.buf )
(gdb) step
298 }
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::~Mat (this=0xbfffef6c, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:295
295     release();
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::release (this=0xbfffef6c) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:381
381     if( refcount && CV_XADD(refcount, -1) == 1 )
(gdb) step
383     data = datastart = dataend = datalimit = 0;
(gdb) step
384     size.p[0] = 0;
(gdb) step
385     refcount = 0;
(gdb) step
386 }
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::~Mat (this=0xbfffef6c, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:296
296     if( step.p != step.buf )
(gdb) step
298 }
(gdb) step
CreateShares::ConstructShares (this=0x80556d0, channel=..., k=2, n=4) at CreateShares.cpp:167
167     cv::Size s = temp1.size();
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::MSize::operator() (this=0xbffff284) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:705
705     return Size(p[1], p[0]);
(gdb) step
cv::Size_<int>::Size_ (this=0xbffff2f8, _width=960, _height=960) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/operations.hpp:1624
1624        : width(_width), height(_height) {}
(gdb) step
cv::Mat::MSize::operator() (this=0xbffff284) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:706
706 }
(gdb) step

A: For random matrix R product R^T*R may be singular. So any kind of LU-decomposition will stop prematurely, resulting in zero output.
To overcome this, one may invert matrix R^T*R+alpha*I. Here I is identity matrix, alpha - some positive number. If alpha is close zero and R^T*R is not singular, inverse of R^T*R+alpha*I is close to inverse of R^T*R. For details, see Tikhonov regularization
Another case is matrix R^T*R being not singular but ill-conditioned. Condition number for large unstructured matrix may be tremendous, resulting in weird behavior of matrix inversion (LU-decomposition works correctly only for relatively small condition numbers).
About normalizing
Normalizing matrix will improve inversion behavior because it decreases condition number.

A: I've came to the same conclusion than @berak. I hope the following experiments will help you.
I tried your code with a matrix filled with some random values (normal distribution centered on 0 with a standard dev of sigma. As sigma is increasing, the values of the final matrix decrease.
Here is the code I used:
cv::Mat R(960,960, CV_32FC1);

double sigma[] = { 1.0, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, 10000000.0 };
cv::Scalar mean[_countof(sigma)] = {0};
cv::Scalar stdv[_countof(sigma)] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < _countof(sigma); i++)
{
    cv::randn(R, cv::Scalar::all(0.0), cv::Scalar::all(sigma[i]));
    cv::Mat temp2 = (R * R.t()).inv();

    cv::meanStdDev(temp2, mean[i], stdv[i]);
}

Here are the mean and standard dev of the output matrix for increasing sigmas:
sigma       mean        stddev
1.0         3.94e-004   1.32
10.0        1.25e-004   3.82e-002
100.0       3.32e-007   1.09e-004
1000.0      2.40e-009   2.23e-006
10000.0     9.82e-012   1.05e-008
100000.0    2.23e-013   1.73e-010
1000000.0   1.44e-015   2.88e-012
10000000.0  9.61e-017   2.77e-014

So, a solution for you would be to normalize your input matrix so that all the values fit into [0;1] or [-1;1].

A: Most likely, the determinant is zero.
From Wikipedia:

A square matrix that is not invertible is called singular or
  degenerate. A square matrix is singular if and only if its determinant
  is 0.

You can display the determinant like so...
std::cout<<"determinant(temp1)="<<cv::determinant(temp1)<<"\n";

From the documentation for Mat::inv(), there are three methods to choose from:

*

*DECOMP_LU (default) is the LU decomposition. The matrix must be non-singular.

*DECOMP_CHOLESKY is the Cholesky   decomposition for symmetrical positively defined matrices only. This type is about twice faster than LU on big matrices.

*DECOMP_SVD is the SVD decomposition. If the matrix is singular or even non-square, the pseudo inversion is computed.

From the documentation for invert(), which is presumably used internally by Mat::inv():

In the case of DECOMP_LU method, the function returns the src
  determinant ( src must be square). If it is 0, the matrix is not
  inverted and dst is filled with zeros.

This agrees with the results that you are seeing.

notes about the math
I'm no mathematician, but I get the impression that inverting a matrix can be a messy business -- all the more so if your matrix is very large.  In fact, it may be true that these inverses exist in principle, but are practically impossible to calculate with any accuracy.  In running some experiments with your code, I found that in many cases I would get determinants that were not exactly zero, but were very close to zero -- perhaps indicating that numerical precision may be the limiting factor.  I tried specifying the matrices using 64-bit values instead of 32, and got different, but not necessarily better answers.
It may be useful to recognize that, based on the way you are calculating the temp1 matrix, it will always be symmetric.  The DECOMP_CHOLESKY method is specifically designed to work on symmetric positive definite matrices, so using that might provide some advantages.
Experimentally, I found that normalizing (as suggested by @cedrou) makes it more likely that the inverse function returns a non-zero matrix (with DECOMP_LU but not with DECOMP_CHOLESKY).  However, based on my guesses of how you might be initializing the R matrix, the resulting matrices never seemed to satisfy the definition of an inverse: A*inverse(A)=Identity.  But you don't necessarily care about that -- which is perhaps why the SVD method computes a pseudo inverse.
Finally, it seems that this deeper question of why inversion is failing might be a math question rather than a programming question.  Based on that I did some searching on the math site, and it turns out that someone has already asked how to do this very thing: https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/182662

notes about debugging
Based on your debug trace, I am inclined to think that the part that you are interested in was compiled into a non-traceable library and skipped over when you ran step.  In other words, that mysterious blank line after your first step represents the part where it actually ran the inv() function.  After that it is assigning the result to temp2 and destructing temporary objects.  So your debug trace doesn't tell us anything about what is happening inside of inv().
165     temp2 = temp1.inv();
(gdb) step

cv::Mat::operator= (this=0xbffff294, e=...) at /usr/include/opencv2/core/mat.hpp:1373
1373        e.op->assign(e, *this);

I ran a debugger on this myself and was able to trace through the inner call to invert() and watch it decide to fail based on an internal analysis of the matrix (determining that it was not invertible) -- and therefore return a matrix filled with zeros, matching what you have reported.
The invert() function is defined in cxlapack.cpp, in case you are interested in taking a look at the source code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Area organizations have formed the Workforce Data Collaborative to conduct the research into advancing Greenville's economic development. The first phase of data collection began this week with a transportation-focused survey being distributed to employers and employees in the downtown area.
The Greenville Chamber of Commerce, Greenville Area Development Corp., Appalachian Council of Governments and SC Works met in April to form the collaborative to collect and analyze data to examine barriers to workforce participation and opportunities to enhance participation, according to a news release.
The collaborative identified four major barriers to employment, including transportation, child care, housing and criminal records. The first phase of data collection will focus on transportation in key areas identified through employer feedback, including the downtown area, Brookfield/Mauldin, Pelham Road and the Donaldson/SCTAC area.
The analysis will be shared with business leaders and policymakers to inform administrative, regulatory or policy changes to enhance workforce participation, the release said.
The downtown area workforce transportation survey will be available through Friday, June 1 and can be found online.


It's the final week of the high school football season and we're tracking all of the scores around west Alabama.
Playoff spots are on the line across the state and we'll be keep a close eye on our local teams. Make sure you tune into the scoreboard show on Tide 102.9 on Friday night.
Here's a look at all of the games we'll be following in week 11.


The very first leopard count in India has shown impressive numbers putting the population of the spotted cats at 7,910. The figure excludes the northeastern region of India. The leopard count was conducted in a similar manner as the usual tiger count where pictures of the leopards were captured in Jaldapara using camera-trapping and other evidences were gathered showing evidence of their presence. The numbers are extrapolated to cover the entire forest landscape. There are leopards outside the areas we covered. Based on these numbers estimate India's total leopard population to be in the range of 12,000 to 14,000.


text:
Fatboy Slim / You've Come A Long Way Baby 20th anniversary reissue
February 20, 2018 by Paul Sinclairtags: 1990s, fatboy slim
No bonus audio • 'Meal Deal' deluxe set delivered in pizza box
BMG will issue a 20th anniversary edition of Fatboy Slim's 1998 album You've Come A Long Way Baby as in March.
The album was a big success when it was released (reaching number one) and delivered four UK top ten hits: The Rockafeller Skank, Gangster Tripping, Praise You, and Right Here, Right Now.
Unlike the two-CD 10th anniversary edition of 2008, and even though these are being described as 'deluxe' editions, this reissues delivers no bonus audio at all, with BMG repackaging it as one of their 'art of the album' reissues with new sleeve notes (by Ralph Moore).
It will be available as a single casebound book CD edition, a 2LP vinyl package (which includes a six-page 12-inch booklet and an art card of the album cover) and a special 'meal deal' combo set which includes the CD, the 2LP vinyl and an XXL T-shirt in a pizza-style box set. The latter is exclusive to the Official Fatboy Slim Shop (as is the standard CD right now).
There's no mention at all about remastering (not that it really needs it) and to be honest it's all rather underwhelming; having a T-shirt in a pizza box that is probably not going to fit you ("in authentic Fatboy XXL size") just about says it all, really.
You've Come A Long Way Baby will be reissued as a 20th anniversary edition on 16 March 2018.
You've Come A Long Way Baby - 2LP vinyl
You've Come A Long Way Baby - 2008 2CD deluxe
Amazon uk 29 Order
Amazon de 1.7 Order
Amazon fr 4.2 Order
Amazon it 4.2 Order
Amazon es 4.2 Order
01. Right Here Right Now
02. Rockafeller Skank
03. Fucking in Heaven
04. Gangster Trippin
05. Build It Up, Tear It Down
06. Kalifornia
07. Soul Surfing
08. You're Not from Brighton
09. Praise You
10. Love Island
11. Acid 8000
2LP vinyl track listing
A1. Right Here Right Now
A2. Rockafeller Skank
A3. Fucking in Heaven
B1. Gangster Trippin
B2. Build It Up, Tear It Down
B3. Kalifornia
C1. Soul Surfing
C2. You're Not from Brighton
C3. Praise You
D1. Love Island
D2. Acid 8000
29 responses to Fatboy Slim / You've Come A Long Way Baby 20th anniversary reissue
Andrew B says:
What no pizza in the box, no deal
colm47 says:
Pizza box sold out
eric Slangen says:
What a useless rerelease.
Mo Lester says:
Considering how great some of the videos to this LP are it really was a must to have dvd/blu ray in a deluxe edition….
Not a waste of space pizza box for and extra £20….
Wow, a T-Shirt and Pizza Box, just what I always wanted to go with all my other CDs and Vinyl – NOT! Thank goodness I bought the 2CD Set a few years back as much better than this bundle of tripe being called a deluxe edition.
Pizza box… things are really getting out of control in this reissue/repackage dark age. I miss the 90s!
Martin Power says:
Perfect chance for an SDE of this classic – But what a 'meh' release. Not for me shame really
Eamonn says:
As the cover says, why try harder? Or at all?!
probablyrustin says:
Seriously… What on earth is the point of this reissue? Do they expect it to sell? Would it have been so difficult to round up tracks that were previously released across different formats? Here's hoping the label takes a loss and learns a lesson.
Mark Phillips says:
What the hell, Norman? What a load of carp.
It could've easily been a 2cd plus DVD package. There's really no excuse for this rubbish.
A load of Crap as well. LOL
Mark had it right. Something fishy about this reissue. It stinks :)
Kauwgompie says:
Wow, what a snooz-fest reissue. Why not do a 2cd/dvd re-issue with the 2cd being the same as the now out of print 2cd and offer up a 5.1 mix on dvd or blu-ray. That album would sound awesome in surround sound.
Astounding how some of these reissues so miss the mark. I finally played the a-ha Unplugged blu-rays and they are not even surround sound!!! Same with the George Michael Listen Without Prejudice 3cd/dvd. No surround sound. So I'm not talking about the already criminally missing 5.1 regular album mix but the stuff that is on the blu-rays and dvd is in stereo as opposed to multichannel!! So disappointing.
Craig Hedges says:
Save money and pick up one off the hundreds of copies of this album at poundland or your nearest charity shop
Your Canadian link in the widget is going to the 2008 CD.
Wait, I see that was intentional now. Ooops.
Yes, I know. All the links in that widget go to the 2008 CD. I thought people might like it since it's much better than the 2018 version (which isn't on Amazon – hence no widget).
Chopdog and Jules - One and the Same says:
Why won't they do a full decent deluxe release of the two Beats International albums in 1990 and 1991 I think. They are long overdue a good wash down, and all the extras and mixes.
Particularly as their fun second album had a disastrous CD mastering glitch on it….
I asked the label. They said 'maybe sometime but not now'. Are they waiting for the anniversaries?
Paul Saunders says:
Im sure that this underwhelming package is marketing for marketing sake.
Who will be the first reissue deluxe package to offer less than the original format ?
There is plenty of second hand vinyl out there to extend and excite the collector this really does look tired .
Auntie Sabrina says:
Bloody hell, twenty years have flown by…
Richey Estcourt says:
Plenty of fun at the time, but it's a dated album. I daresay Moby will want to hawk his Play album again next year.
Either way, I'm not buying this.
RJS says:
I enjoyed some of this album at the time, especially the Camille Yarborough sampling 'Praise You' and its accompanying video but I think it's an album of its time. One for the box collectors!
Tom M says:
Looks like this deluxe edition went on a diet. You could always stick a broom under the shirt and use it for a tent.
Michalis says:
You had me at "no bonus audio". I'm gonna pass, then.
A pizza box. Good grief! That will look great on the shelf.
How can they call this "deluxe"?
Do they think the public are stupid? (that's a rhetorical question).
Mark S says:
2,000 copies on sky blue with coffee splatter coloured vinyl from "Vinyl Me Please" subscription club.
Andrew M says:
Unfortunately this is probably the first ever recorded instance of a release where I've thought "Finally, a shirt that would fit me" :(
Mark H says:
I feel your pain man!
Leave a Reply to colm47 Cancel reply