text:
Q: FLASK SQLALCHEMY create_all() not working I know there is a typical question, but what am I doing wrong?
After set
FLASK_APP='safecanyons:app'
flask run

the application starts but no one table is created. This is the main script:
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, g
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager, jwt_required
from safecanyons.models.users import User
from safecanyons.v1.users import bp as bp_users
from safecanyons.settings.dev import SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI
from psycopg2 import connect
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from safecanyons.models.users import User

def create_app():
    # The imports :
    # from safecanyons.settings.dev import SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI

    # SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "postgresql://{}:{}@{}/{}".format(
    # DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_HOST,DB_NAME
    # )
    #
    # from safecanyons.models.users import User
    #
    # from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
    # db = SQLAlchemy()

    # class User(db.Model):
    # __tablename__ = 'users'

    # id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    # username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    # email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)

    # def __repr__(self):
    #     return '<User %r>' % self.username

    uri = SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI
    app = Flask('safecanyons')
    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = uri
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True
    db = SQLAlchemy(app)
    from safecanyons.models.users import User

    db.create_all()

    jwt = JWTManager(app)
    app.register_blueprint(bp_users,url_prefix='/v1/users')
    return app,db

app,db = create_app()

@app.route("/")
def hello_world():
    return "
Hello, World!
"

I've tried with the app.app_context() but it doesn't work as I expect.
When I go to database to check the users table creation, no one table exists.

A: You probably have problems with importing User model in the right way (because when using create_app pattern there is circular import challange, and you are doing strange hack with returning db from create_app). User must be defined before create_all call, but User to be defined need db but also create_all need. How to solve it (I may be wrong with file names and project structure):

*

*safecanyons/app.py
from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager, jwt_required
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from psycopg2 import connect

from safecanyons.v1.users import bp as bp_users
from safecanyons.settings.dev import SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI

db = SQLAlchemy()

def create_app():
    from safecanyons.models.users import User

    uri = SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI
    app = Flask('safecanyons')
    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = uri
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True

    db.init_app(app) # init of db is deferred
    db.create_all()

    jwt = JWTManager(app)
    app.register_blueprint(bp_users,url_prefix='/v1/users')
    return app

app = create_app()

@app.route("/")
def hello_world():
    return "
Hello, World!
"

*safecanyons/models/users.py:

from safecayons.app import db

class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User %r>' % self.username

The other solution is place above code in one file, but model User should be defined before create_all call.
Similar topics:

*

*db.create_all() not creating tables in Flask-SQLAclchemy

*SQLAlchemy create_all() does not create tables


text:
Q: One to one relation in typeorm mongo db How I achieve a one-to-one relationship using Typeform MongoDB.
I m trying to join two documents using aggregation but not achieve success.
Please provide one solution.
Entity details
1.counrty :- _id,name
2.state :- _id,name, countryid
export class Country {
    @ObjectIdColumn()
    @Type(() => String)
    _id: ObjectID;

    @Column()
    @IsString()
    @IsNotEmpty()
    @Index({unique: true})
    name: string;

}

@Entity()
export class State {
    @ObjectIdColumn()
    @Type(() => String)
    _id: ObjectID;

    @Column()
    @IsNotEmpty()
    name: string;

    @ObjectIdColumn({nullable: false})
    @IsNotEmpty()
    countryId: ObjectID;

}

find code(select all state)
 let stateRepository: StateRepository = getCustomRepository(StateRepository);
        try {
const states = await stateRepository.aggregate([
                {
                    $lookup:
                    {
                        from: 'country',
                        localField: 'countryId',
                        foreignField: '_id',
                        as: 'country'
                    }
                }
            ]);
            res.status(200).send({
                data: states
            });
     }
        catch (exception) {
            res.status(500).send({
                error: exception,
            });
        }
    }

Output:- receive 500 with no error
{
    "error": {}
}

A: Could you share images with the state of your DB just to be sure ?
Apart from that the only thing I see (and I don't think it's the cause of your error) is that your states const is a mongo DB cursor (AggregationCursor<T> to be exact), you should add toArray() after your aggregate :
const states = await stateRepository.aggregate({
  ...
}).toArray();

And by the way if your request only returns one country you should probably add an $unwind like this :
$unwind: {
    path: '$country',
    includeArrayIndex: '0',
    preserveNullAndEmptyArrays: false
  }

This way instead of having :
states = [{ id: 'yourStateName', country : [{id: 'yourCountryId', name: 'countryName' }], name: 'yourStateName']

You'll have :
states = [{ id: 'yourStateName', country : {id: 'yourCountryId', name: 'countryName' }, name: 'yourStateName']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New Study Raises Question on Dietary Advice for Sodium
Higher sodium, lower blood pressure. You read that right. This post from The San Diego Union-Tribune highlights a new study that says dietary advice for sodium is not scientifically justified.
In another blow against decades of accepted medical wisdom, one of the most prestigious, long-running studies reports that lowering sodium intake doesn't reduce blood pressure.
The study also implies that most Americans are consuming a perfectly healthy amount of salt, the main source of sodium. But those who are salt-sensitive, about 20 to 25 percent of the population, still need to restrict salt intake.
Consuming fewer than 2,500 milligrams of sodium daily is actually associated with higher blood pressure, according to the Framingham Offspring Study report, given today. The abstract is available at: j.mp/ebsaltr.
The American Heart Association recommends consuming no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium daily, equal to a teaspoon of ordinary iodized table salt.
High blood pressure is a known risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Hence, lowering salt intake is supposed to lower blood pressure and thus reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. But the study found that supposition to be unfounded.
Moreover, the lowest blood pressure was recorded by those who consumed 4,000 milligrams or more a day — amounts considered dangerously high by medical authorities such as the American Heart Association.
Those consuming the lowest amount of sodium (blue line), had the highest blood pressures in a report from the Framingham Offspring study. (Framingham Offspring Study)
Those taking from 2,500 milligrams to 4,000 milligrams a day had very slightly higher blood pressure, but significantly below the low-sodium group. The average American consumes 3,400 milligrams of sodium a day.
Higher levels of calcium, potassium and magnesium were also associated with lower blood pressure. The lowest readings came from people who consumed an average of 3,717 milligrams of sodium and 3,211 milligrams of potassium a day.
The study is an offshoot of the groundbreaking Framingham Heart Study. Both are projects of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and Boston University. The new report was funded by the National Dairy Council and the Framingham Heart Study.
The new report was delivered in Chicago during the Experimental Biology meeting by Lynn L. Moore, an associate professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine.
The report directly contradicts advice from the American Heart Association, which recommends consuming less than 1,500 milligrams of sodium a day to reduce blood pressure and risk of heart disease.
The American Heart Association justifies its recommendation on a 2001 study in the New England Journal of Medicine . The study is cited in a "scientific statement" by the association.
The NEJM study examined 412 participants for 30 days. They were randomly assigned to eat either a control diet or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which is rich in vegetables, fruits, and low-fat dairy products,in persons with and in those without hypertension.
The Framingham Offspring Study based its findings on a population of more than 2,600 men and women, whom it followed for 16 years. That means it can capture the long-term results of salt consumption, which the New England Journal of Medicine study couldn't do because of its short duration.
Cheryl Anderson, a member of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee, said the study appeared to have some weaknesses in data collection, according to its abstract. Anderson didn't attend the presentation, because she was delivering her own at the same time.
The best standard for such studies of sodium intake is a 24-hour multiple urine collections protocol, which the study didn't have, said Anderson, an associate professor in the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine at UC San Diego.
The study used dietary records, which aren't as accurate as direct measurement, Anderson said.
And it's also possible that some of those in the study may have changed their sodium intake because they developed high blood pressure, which would confound the correlation, she said.
"When I put it in the broader context of the general literature around dietary sodium assessment and blood pressure, particularly from what we know about clinical trials, (the study) didn't bother me in any way," Anderson said.
"Until I see the whole paper, this is not going in any way to disrupt my current thinking around that fact that high sodium intakes are likely to increase your blood pressure."
Anderson pointed to studies that examined the relationship between sodium intake and the outcome of cardiovascular disease events. These include a study published in the journal BMJ in 2007, led by Nancy Cook of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School in Boston.
That study enrolled 744 participants with prehypertension, randomized to either a low-sodium diet or control. It included an original measurement of sodium and subsequent followups.
"The crude rate of cardiovascular disease was somewhat lower among those assigned to the sodium reduction intervention in stratified analysis) than corresponding controls," the study stated. "After adjustment for baseline characteristics, particularly the imbalance in age, there were significant differences between groups."
That study began with urinary measurements of sodium excretion, but in the final long-term followup questionnaire, the study used self-reported information on sodium intake.
Anderson said ideally, such studies outcomes would have followed the 24-hour urine collection protocol, but that has proven too difficult. People would need to be monitored for decades to detect the long-term effects of dietary sodium, and that would be prohibitively expensive.
"Are you going to give me money for 25 years to do that?" Anderson asked. "That's why these studies haven't been done. It's because they're logistically quite a challenge, from a funding perspective almost impossible."
Extrapolation invalidated
Moore, who delivered the report at the Experimental Biology meeting, said the putative link between higher sodium consumption, higher blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease and stroke wasn't well understood. More recent evidence suggests the logic behind that link is flawed.
Early studies found that among those with high blood pressure, restricting sodium lowered blood pressure.
"A low-sodium diet has been popularized for a few decades, and I think it originally had to do with the observation that among people with high blood pressure, if you restrict their sodium intake, their blood pressure actually goes down."
"I think that led to the inference that restricting your sodium intake in general (among the public) would actually reduce your risk of developing high blood pressure," Moore said.
Further extrapolating, since higher blood pressure is a risk factor for cardivascular diseases, then lowering sodium would lower blood pressure and hence lower cardiovascular disease rates.
This chain-of-events thinking led to the recommendation that the general population cut its sodium intake. This belief has led to numerous initiatives to lower dietary sodium, including former First Lady Michelle Obama's campaign to mandate "healthy" changes in school lunches. President Trump reportedly plans to drop some of those restrictions.
Meanwhile, evidence undermined the extrapolation, Moore said. The picture turned out to be much more complicated. People on the lowest-sodium diets actually appeared to have higher cardiovascular risk and risk of dying than those taking more sodium.
"There's been consequently a lot of controversy over the last five or six years over this topic, but there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the relationship between sodium and cardiovascular disease is actually J-shaped."
Moore was referring to a pattern in which an extremely low level of the substance being measured produces a higher risk, which falls to a plateau and then rises again at the higher extreme.
This is the pattern found in an August 2014 study in the New England Journal of Medicine, which found a greatly elevated risk of death or major heart event at the dietary sodium level recommended by the American Heart Association.
The study also found that the average intake for Americans placed them near the bottom of the risk curve.
Anderson, the American Heart Association scientist, said that study was also flawed because it didn't use a 24-hour urine collection protocol.
Biologically determined?
Moore said greater attention needs to be given to a hypothesis that people generally consume the amount of sodium they need. In other words, they are biologically driven to keep their consumption within a certain range.
The J-shaped curve implies that tampering with this drive could cause unforeseen health problems.
"There's evidence that salt restriction has a lot of effects on other systems other than blood pressure," Moore said. "You end up with higher levels of renin, rather than lower levels," referring to an enzyme that helps raise blood pressure.
"Other studies have shown that cholesterol goes up, triglyceride levels go up,. So there are a number of effects on known risk factors for heart disease that are independent of blood pressure, that seem to be activated in a setting of salt restriction," she said.
Growing evidence exonerates salt
Other reports in recent years have challenged the scientific basis of dietary advice on salt. These include a 2011 Cochrane Review study, a Sept. 2014 study in the American Journal of Hypertension, and in January 2015, in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommended that sodium intake be lowered to 2,300 milligrams per day for the general population. , The report is a joint project of the U.S. Departments of Health and Human Services and of Agriculture.
However, a 2013 report by the Institute of Medicine specifically declined to endorse that limit, in part because the quality of information was insufficient.
"Overall, the committee found that both the quantity and quality of relevant studies to be less than optimal," the IOM report delicately stated.
But the carefully worded report also concluded that the bulk of the evidence indicates a correlation between higher levels of sodium intake and cardiovascular disease.
It also said there was insufficient evidence to conclude that lowering sodium intake below 2,300 milligrams per day either increases or decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease or death in the general population.
The 2015 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans repeats the recommendation to lower sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams.
The next edition of the guidelines is scheduled to be released in 2020.
Source: Higher sodium, lower blood pressure. You read that right. – The San Diego Union-Tribune
Heart Health and Diet – Here's What Research Says
Do Saturated Fats Kill You? No Scientific Evidence Found
7 Simple Steps Toward a Heart Healthy Diet
Learn How to Prevent Heart Disease
Vitamin C For a Healthy Heart
The Truth About High Blood Pressure
Larry & Oksana Ostrovsky, founders of BeWellBuzz, are Life Upgrade Coaches committed to helping you navigate through the latest natural health and personal development information to a destination of optimal wellness. The goal of this site is to be a catalyst in creating and spreading the Buzz, dispelling dangerous myths, society norms and helping you elevate your spirit, do more, live better, and think deeper one day at a time. We'd like to thank you in advance for not only visiting and arming yourself with great information but also sharing it with family and friends. Check out and subscribe to our YouTube Channel and become a fan of our Facebook Page.
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Filed Under: Nutrition Buzz Tagged With: American Heart Association, blood pressure, Dietary Advice for Sodium, heart disease, salt intake, sodium intake
You are here: Home / Nutrition Buzz / New Study Raises Question on Dietary Advice for Sodium
Ivan Washington says
who to believe? I did notice my lower limb edema abated when I gave up table salt.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Issues: (1) Whether the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces erred in holding that petitioners' claims—which asserted that a judge's service on the U.S. Court of Military Commission Review disqualifies him or her from continuing to serve on either the Army or Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals under 10 U.S.C. § 973(b)(2)(A)(ii)—were moot; (2) whether these judges' service on the U.S. Court of Military Commission Review disqualifies them from continuing to serve on the Army or Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals under 10 U.S.C. § 973(b)(2)(A)(ii); (3) whether the judges' simultaneous service on both the U.S Court of Military Commission Review and the Army or Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals violates the appointments clause; and (4) whether the Supreme Court has jurisdiction to review this case and Dalmazzi v. United States under 28 U.S.C. § 1259(3).
Judgment: The writ of certiorari is dismissed as improvidently granted in a per curiam opinion on June 22, 2018.
Mar 22 2017 Order extending time to file response to petition to and including April 26, 2017.
Apr 19 2017 Order further extending time to file response to petition to and including May 15, 2017.
May 15 2017 Brief of respondent United States in opposition filed.
May 19 2017 Reply of petitioner Laith G. Cox filed. VIDED.
Sep 28 2017 Petition GRANTED, and the petitions for writs of certiorari in Nos. 16-961 and 16-1423 are granted. The cases are consolidated, and a total of one hour is allotted for oral argument. In addition to the questions presented by the petitions, the parties are directed to brief and argue the following question: Whether this Court has jurisdiction to review the cases in Nos. 16-961 and 16-1017 under 28 U. S. C. § 1259(3).
Nov 07 2017 Brief of petitioners filed. VIDED.
Nov 14 2017 Brief amicus curiae of Aditya Bamzai in support of neither party filed. VIDED.
Dec 07 2017 Brief of respondent United States filed. VIDED.
Dec 14 2017 Motion of Aditya Bamzai for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument filed. VIDED.
Dec 18 2017 Record requested from the U.S.C.A for the Armed Forces.
Jan 08 2018 Record received from the U.S.C.A. for the Armed Forces. (2 Boxes). Box 2 of 2 is SEALED.
Jan 16 2018 Argued. For petitioners: Stephen I. Vladeck, Austin, Tex. For Professor Aditya Bamzai as amicus curiae: Aditya Bamzai, Charlottesville, VA. For respondent: Brian H. Fletcher, Assistant to the Solicitor General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. VIDED.
Jun 22 2018 Writ of certiorari DISMISSED as improvidently granted. Opinion per curiam.
Jun 25 2018 The record from the Department of the Army has been returned.


Don't be put off by the length of the video (~47 minutes) or the disarmingly slow-paced presentation. Although these experiments are in some ways very simple, they're wonderful to watch and visually appealing. (I like that they're simple that they are experiments readers could imagine doing themselves… if only we could make it onto a space station!) You'll notice how they 'make do' with a lot of their materials.
Early in the video the presenter says that the water films are about 200 microns thick. A micron is one-thousanth of a millimetre. That's a thin sheet of water!


Villa Kya offers guests the best of both worlds, combining the individually-designed, spacious and elegant sanctuary situated in a lush palm tree hillside for that peaceful idyllic retreat like feel, yet in 7 minutes guests can enjoy easy access to the sophisticated Fisherman's Village, Bophut and all that this popular area of Koh Samui has to offer. Boho chic mouthwatering restaurants, boutiques, funky bars, Walking Street Markets and Samui's famous nightlife are just some of the attractions within 10 minutes drive of Villa Kya.
The expansive Bophut and Maenam Beach with their year-round beach activities, is just around the corner and, to cap it all, the villa is within easy reach of Samui's international airport, just 15 minutes away.
Set amongst sprawling lawns and exotic tropical gardens, with a stunning pool oasis, this four-bedroom villa has been designed to encourage guests to relax, unwind and dissolve the stresses of everyday life in a beautiful tropical island setting with captivating views of Bophut, Big Buddha and Samui's sister isle, Koh Phangan.
Resting on an impressive three quarters of a Rai in the idyllic palm tree hills of Bophut, guests are privileged to an incredible amount of space. The stunning infinity pool and pool deck, is a standout feature in Villa Kya, with its soft organic shapes and endless views. A small shaded shallow pool is encompassed in the design, ideal for young children, with parents close by on the sundeck, chill lounge or dining sala for peace of mind and ease. This shallow pool cascades into the large infinity edged pool, drenched in beautiful panoramic island vistas, perfect for laps or just simply for having a much-needed cooling refreshing swim. The gorgeous swim up bar is a welcome addition to any pool area and becomes a real hub of activity in this incredibly well thought out design. Sunset drinks are a huge focal point of the pool bar and with a delicious cocktail in hand the third pool with reclining terrazzo bench seats in this beautiful setting is the perfect spot to watch the kaleidoscopic patterned skies as the sun bids farewell to another tropical island day.
The stunning living room with vaulted ceilings, concertina doors onto the large dining terrace and exquisite bespoke furnishings create a graceful interior offering an abundance of space, natural light and another separate place to relax. Guests can enjoy a surround sound movie or surf the Internet on the 50" flat screen Smart TV whilst reclining on the gorgeous sumptuous bespoke sofa seating.
Each of the 4 bedrooms have been lovingly furnished, accented with colour and mosaic's and completed with delightful attention to detail to create gorgeous bedroom sanctuaries with breathtaking panoramic vistas as your backdrop. The master bedroom also features an outdoor circular terrazzo bath with candle lit chandelier lighting for that truly romantic ambiance.
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text:
R 95 min - Horror, Comedy, Thriller - 12 April 2012
Five college friends spend the weekend at a remote cabin in the woods, where they get more than they bargained for. Together, they must discover the truth behind the cabin in the woods.
Director: Drew Goddard
Stars: Kristen Connolly, Fran Kranz, Chris Hemsworth, Anna Hutchison, Richard Jenkins, Bradley Whitford, Jesse Williams, Brian J. White, Amy Acker, Tim DeZarn, Tom Lenk, Dan Payne, Jodelle Ferland, Dan Shea, Maya Massar, Matt Drake, Nels Lennarson, Rukiya Bernard, Peter Kelamis, Adrian Holmes, Chelah Horsdal, Terry Chen, Heather Doerksen, Patrick Sabongui, Phillip Mitchell, Naomi Dane, Ellie Harvie, Patrick Gilmore, Brad Dryborough, Emili Kawashima, Aya Furukawa, Maria Go, Serena Akane Chi, Abbey Imai, Marina Ishibashi, Miku Katsuura, Alicia Takase Lui, Jodi Tabuchi, Sara Taira, Alyssandra Yamamoto, Richard Cetrone, Phoebe Galvan, Simon Pidgeon, Matt Phillips, Lori Stewart, Greg Zach, Sigourney Weaver, Terry Notary
Collections: Grawlix Cinematic Universe, Season 1
Tagline: You think you know the story.
Genres: Horror, Comedy, Thriller
Official Website: http://www.discoverthecabininthewoods.com/
Language: English, Portuguese
Release Date: 12 April 2012
Budget: $30,000,000
Revenue: $70,742,948
Production Companies: Lionsgate, Mutant Enemy Productions
Runtime: 1 h 35 min
Movie Mentioned In…
GCU #10: Extended Cinematic Universe
GCU #7: Buffy the Vampire Slayer/Cabin in the Woods Cinematic Universe
Listen to our movie podcast yet?


After causing substantial mortality in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic United States, the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae), has recently invaded the southern Appalachian region. Although general estimates of regional spread exist, the landscape level dynamics of A. tsugae invasion are poorly understood particularly factors predicting where the pest is likely to first infest a landscape. We examined first-year infestation locations from Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Blue Ridge Parkway to identify possible factors. For 84 infested and 67 uninfested sites, we calculated values for a suite of variables using a geographic information system. After identifying signifcant variables, we applied four statistical techniques discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor analysis, logistic regression, and decision trees into derive classification functions separating the infested and uninfested groups. We used the resulting functions to generate maps of A. tsugae infestation risk in the Great Smoky Mountains. Three proximity variables (distance to the closest stream, trail, and road) appeared in all four classification functions, which performed well in terms of error rate. Discriminant analysis was the most accurate and efficient technique, but logistic regression best balanced accuracy, efficiency, and ease of use. Our results suggest that roads, major trails, and riparian corridors provide connectivity enabling long-distance dispersal of A. tsugae, probably by humans or birds. The derived classification functions can yield A. tsugae infestation risk maps for elsewhere in the southern Appalachian region, allowing forest managers to better target control efforts.


Realistically the board president can't do everything. No matter how strong someone is at the role, having a hired facilitator may give board chairs the opportunity to lead with their strengths and address different governance needs. More boards are finding that hiring a trained facilitator has also helped make their meetings run smoother. A win-win for everyone.
At Abundance Cooperative Market in Rochester, New York, Daryl Odhner, the board's chair, finds that having a facilitator at their meetings has also made their meetings more egalitarian. Odhner also appreciates that not being facilitator allows him to be part of the meeting as just another board member instead of an authority figure.
When conflicts do arise, the facilitator can help them have difficult conversations. "Our meetings have been more productive," Odhner said. They've been working with their facilitator for a year now, and in addition to being at the meetings, he is part of the agenda setting appointment so that he can be prepared for the conversation ahead. "It's been a great experience," Odhner said.
Free the board chair from managing two roles during the meeting.
Enhance efficiency by having expert facilitation at every meeting.
Avoid the risk of having a board chair who is not a good facilitator.
In the best case, a board can work with the same facilitator for years and that person provides continuity in the meeting process even though directors and board leaders come and go.


text:
Q: How to modify application settings in a custom Android ROM? here's my problem :
I've already done some research with Google, Stack Overflow and XDA Developers forums but I didn't even find a related question.
I'm trying to customize this CyanogenMod ROM so the "Unknown sources" checkbox (in Settings > Applications) is checked by default after the installation of the ROM using ClockWorkMod, but I can't seem to find where to do it.
I searched into the following APK files using apktool :

*

*/system/framework/framework-res.apk

*/system/app/Settings.apk

*/system/app/SettingsProvider.apk

*/system/app/ApplicationsProvider.apk

*/system/app/PackageInstaller.apk

*/system/app/CertInstaller.apk

but I didn't find anything.
Any ideas ?

A: Ok, turns out I didn't search hard enough.
For those who are interested, the file to edit is located into SettingsProvider.apk.
You have to decompile it (with apktool) and edit the file SettingsProvider/res/values/bools.xml, replacing this line :
<bool name="def_install_non_market_apps">false</bool>

by this one :
<bool name="def_install_non_market_apps">true</bool>

And then, recompile, etc.
Hope this helps.
Source : xda-developers forum


If you believe you are being cheated out of your hourly wage, whether it be your employer requesting that you stay an extra hour without pay or deducting lunch breaks that you never took, you should consult with an attorney. Failing to pay an employee for the time they worked is illegal and Washington has statutory protections against such conduct.
If you are an hourly worker, you are protected from illegal and unreasonable employer demands that you work overtime or skip breaks.
Employees are generally entitled to overtime compensation for hours worked in excess of forty per week. Unless an employee is exempt from the Minimum Wage Act or from overtime requirements, he or she must be compensated at an overtime rate of one and a half times the regular rate of pay.
One of the biggest problems we see amongst employers in the State is the misclassification of their employees as managers, in order to get around the minimum wage and overtime laws.
If you believe you are not being paid overtime or wages that you are entitled to, call our office and we will evaluate your case.


Martin Jol, insisting the Dutchman never said sorry to him for applying for other jobs behind his back.
Levy has gone on record for the first time to confirm that Jol spoke to other clubs, who are believed to be Newcastle and Ajax, while he was in charge of Spurs.
Jol had the sympathy of the fans when he was fired last month and Juande Ramos, who the club first approached in August, took over just two days later.
meeting in Seville, but Levy said: "People say I should apologise, but I don't hear anyone talking about Martin going for two jobs while he was here. No-one has had a go at him. Have I got an apology?
talk to club X while he was still here, that's just the way it is."
leave the club in January.


text:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Not New Idea
Featured News, Military
In 1915, nearly two decades after patenting the world's first radio-controlled boat, famed Serbian-America inventor Nicola Tesla imagined fleets of unmanned aerial combat vehicles being sent to war instead of pilots. Little did he know, the U.S. Navy was already hard at work on that very same vision.
Between 1898, when Tesla first demonstrated remote control via radio waves, and 1914, the start of World War I, inventors around the world tinkered with Tesla's revolutionary idea. One such man was American inventor Elmer Sperry, a naval gyroscope maker in Lake Success, New York. See, hitting another ship with naval artillery in the open ocean is really tough on account of the rolling seas constantly throwing the gun barrels out of aim. Sperry's gyroscopes auto-corrected and balanced the these naval guns, essentially cancelling out the rolling of the waves. And if the gyroscopes could do that for boats, Sperry realised in 1911, they could do the same for remotely operated aircraft.
He took his proposal to the Naval Consulting Board, who approved $50,000 in research funding and in 1913 provided a "flying boat" — a fixed wing aircraft with a hull for water landings instead of landing gear — to test the gyro system. By 1916, Sperry and his son Lawrence, who also worked as an engineer on the project, teamed up with Peter Hewitt, an early R/C developer, to further develop the radio control mechanisms. Together, they developed an early autopilot system that would allow for a plane to be launched from a naval ship, fly a predetermined course before either dropping a load of bombs or suicide diving its target.
For the complete story by Andrew Tarantola of Gizmodo Australia, click here.
Updated: September 5, 2013 — 8:52 AM


If a rash develops take pictures of it and see your doctor immediately. Pictures may help your doctor in making the diagnosis.
Understand that a rash does not always appear in early Lyme Disease, so any symptoms should be addressed with your doctor.
See a doctor immediately. The sooner treatment is started the better the results are.


text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder is an increasing concern in the past few decades. It has undefined etiology as a heterogeneous developmental disorder leading to bias and extensive diagnostic evaluations when examining patients through traditional clinical interviews and rating of patients' behaviors~\cite{barkley1991ecological,abikoff1993teachers}. ADHD in underage patients can be observed in patients' hyperactivity and inability control their impulses and may have trouble paying attention which, in result, will intervene with their daily lives. In adulthood, patients with ADHD may have trouble managing time, being organized, setting goals, and holding down a job, which may lead to problems with relationships, self-esteem, and addiction. The treatment of many psychological disorders, such as ADHD, can be through a well-known type of psychotherapy called \textit{Cognitive Behavioral Therapy} (CBT). CBT involves patients in multiple psychosocial interventions in order to improve the status of their current mental health. This treatment requires patients to go through multiple sessions with specialized therapists. In ADHD, those sessions can be of increasing order of difficulty to help patients expand their cognitive capabilities to overcome current behavioral limitations.

ADHD has undefined etiology as a heterogeneous developmental disorder to involve hyperactivity and distractibility as well as difficulties with constant attention, impulsive control disorder and impaired cognitive flexibility, especially in problem solving and behavioral management~\cite{biederman2005attention}. Many studies have indicated the potential benefits of VR and AR exposure therapy for many types of mental disorders~\cite{parsons2007controlled,gorini2008second,beard2009survey,parsons2009virtual,bickmore2010response,meyerbroker2010virtual}. In a study by Parsons, et. al.~\cite{parsons2007controlled}, attention performance was compared between 10 children with ADHD and 10 normal control children in a VR classroom. The results showed that children with ADHD are more impacted by distraction in the VR classroom. In spite of that, Ben-Moussa, et. al. \cite{ben2017djinni} proposed a conceptual design of an exposure therapy system for patients with a social anxiety disorder. The proposd system integrates the AR and VR technologies through a simulated environment. It provides more effective exposure therapy solutions for patient with social anxiety disorder due to exploiting the benefits of AR and VR.

This highlights the importance of utilizing immersive technologies, e.g., Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), for their promising results that are stated in previous studies~\cite{parsons2007controlled,gorini2008second,beard2009survey,parsons2009virtual,bickmore2010response,meyerbroker2010virtual}. As the name suggests, AR-technology combines real and virtual contents, rendered in 3D, to be interactive in real-time \cite{azuma_survey_1997}. Whereas, VR-technology replaces the real world with a computer-generated graphics via head mounted display \cite{burdea_virtual_2003}. In other words, the user in VR environment totally isolated from the real-world while the AR optimizes the interactions in the real world \cite{billinghurst_survey_2015}. In AR, the environment is real but augmented with virtual objects from the system as it bridges the gap between real and virtual world in a seamless way~\cite{chang2010applications}. The information presented by the immersed virtual objects enhances a user's perception of- and interaction with- the real-world~\cite{azuma_survey_1997}. The rendering have much lower requirements in AR than in VR because VR completely replace the real world with the virtual environment which makes display devices used in AR have less stringent requirements than that used in VR systems. Also, the tracking and sensing requirements for AR are much stricter than those for VR systems~\cite{azuma_survey_1997}. This can be of great benefits for ADHD patients because it enables therapists to collect more information about the behavior of the patient which helps in the diagnosis and treatment procedures.

It is unfortunate that proposed solutions fail to overcome language and cultural barriers for diverse patients and to employ the power of augmented reality by rendering 3D objects and avatars rather than solid textual instructions leading to increase in patients' engagements and speeding-up the recovery. The believe is that there is no statistically significant difference between the ADHD patients who will be treated using this system and those who are treated by traditional CBT; although, online CBT may exceed traditional ones methods by accelerating recovery time and saving money and resources for both government and patients. This is due to achieving a concept of ``\textit{a therapist for each patient}" as the system mimics the therapist roles through an augmented reality development that provide it with features including: adaptiveness, smartness, responsiveness, and accuracy. Other advantages are availability, accessibility, and assurance of the therapist's level-of-experience which cannot be guaranteed in traditional CBT.

Therefore, this paper models a system using a game pipeline and propose measurements that can be used to test the validity of using an online system as CBT, which we called ``\textit{AR-Therapist}''. The believe tackled here is that an increase in patient correct attention, e.g., when selecting a predefined object, contributes positively to their performance index which means they are following along with their treatment plan; the opposite should be true when they fail to achieve their assigned tasks. The result of this can be observed through applying the measurements we propose here on an augmented reality game.

\section{GENERIC DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM}
The high-level design, shown in Figure~\ref{fig:arch}, represents the main components of the AR-Therapist and the therapist-patient relationships within the online AR-environment.

\begin{figure}[h]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=.65\linewidth]{fig1.eps}
  \caption{The System Architecture for AR-Therapist}
  \label{fig:arch}
\end{figure}

Patients play-to-win the game that has been designed to attract their attention through the guidance of voice/sign instructions. Movement and actions are measured and then stored in a database to allow a therapist to monitor the treatment progress. Next, we present the logical flow presented in Figure~\ref{fig:arch}.

\subsection{Formal Game Pipeline:}
The AR-Therapist is based on the following 8-profiles for the generic assembly of the game pipeline.

\begin{enumerate} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
	\item ${\bf Treatment}$ is the whole treatment system (i.e., AR-Therapist). Its profile is a tuple of: $\langle$ Patient, Doctor, Game, \{Treatment-Program\} $\rangle$
		\begin{itemize}\setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item {\it Patient}: Each patient will have his/her own profile. The profile has to be complete for the patient to join the treatment program.
			\item {\it Doctor}: Each doctor will have his/her own profile.
			\item {\it Game}: The game has to be defined by the doctor considering patients current mental state and the disorder severity.
			\item {\it \{Treatment-Program\}}: Players will go through a treatment program that includes playing an AR-based game consisting of a set of levels.
		\end{itemize}

	\item ${\bf Patient}$: $\langle$ ID, Level, Performance-Index, \{Preference\} $\rangle$
		\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item {\it ID}: is a short identification as a name or a referral number used by the doctor to define a patient.
			\item {\it Level}: The level to where the patient has arrived in the treatment plan.
			\item {\it Performance-Index}: The current value of performance the patient has achieved throughout the game.
			\item {\it \{Preference\}}: The set of predefined preferences for a patient considering other psychological disorders that may affect current design and methodology of the treatment plan.
		\end{itemize}

	\item ${\bf Doctor}$: $\langle$ ID, Experience, Involvement $\rangle$
		\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item {\it ID}: The doctor has to have his/her own profile that is different from other therapists or psychological centers. This will give the doctor an access to the patient profiles and progress reports to allow for further evaluations.
			\item {\it Experience}: Experience level of the doctor is useful in allowing access to more complex/detailed data of the patients.
			\item {\it Involvement}: The level of engagement within the treatment process which allow the doctor to get involved in the game and in the reporting progress along the way of the patient assigned treatment.
		\end{itemize}

	\item ${\bf Game}$: $\langle$ Type, \{Level\} $\rangle$
		\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item {\it Type}: The type of the game to be played that has to be suitable for the patient. E.g., drag-and-drop and multiple-choices.
			\item {\it \{Level\}}: The game consists of a set of levels that have different levels of complexity.
		\end{itemize}

	\item ${\bf Level}$: $\langle$ \{Object\}, Max-Time, Effects $\rangle$
		\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item {\it \{Object\}}: Maximum set of objects used in this level.
			\item {\it Max-Time}: A predefined maximum time for the whole level to be completed or aport otherwise.
			\item {\it Effects}: Simple directional voice or instructions used for guidance in case of a remote following.
		\end{itemize}

	\item ${\bf Object}$: $\langle$ Shape, Size, Random-Location, Visibility $\rangle$
		\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item {\it Shape}: The structure of an object has to be predefined beforehand the start of a session.
			\item {\it Size}: The size of an object will depend on the location and closeness from the player focal point.
			\item {\it Random-Location}: The initial distribution of objects around the real-environment.
			\item {\it Visibility}: The appearance of one object after another.
		\end{itemize}

	\item ${\bf Treatment-Program}$: $\langle$ \{Game-session\}, Performance-Measures, Duration $\rangle$
		\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item {\it \{Game-session\}}: The set of game session to complete the treatment program.
			\item {\it Performance-Measures}: The performance in one session reports the correct, incorrect and uncompleted tried the patient has gone through in one session.
			\item {\it Duration}: The maximum treatment time for the whole treatment program. E.g., 20-min to complete the treatment.
		\end{itemize}

	\item  ${\bf Game-session}$: $\langle$ Level, Timer, Current-location, Number-of-tries $\rangle$
		\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item {\it Level}: The game level has to be defined beforehand. The initial level is defined in the patient profile and player can move from one level to another asynchronously depending on his/her achievement in the session and then the patient profile is updated.
			\item {\it Timer}: To count the response time for the patients.
			\item {\it Current location}: To track current location of the patient for measuring closeness from objects within a session.
			\item {\it Number of tries}: The repetition of tries within one session to include correct, incorrect and uncompleted tries. E.g., the number of collected target objects the patient has correctly collected in one session.
		\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}

To this end, we have introduced Eight-profiles that when merged will best formulate the AR-Therapist model. Next, we show the process of combining those profiles into a conceptual model.

\subsection{General Conceptual Model:}
The conceptual model consists of Four layers: 1) interface layer, 2) configuration layer, 3) run-time layer, and 4) storage layer. Figure~\ref{fig:concept} depicts an architecture of the AR-Therapist based on the profiles presented in previous section.

	\begin{figure}[h]
		\centering
 		\includegraphics[width=.85\linewidth]{fig2.eps}
		\caption{The general conceptual model for AR-Therapist}
		\label{fig:concept}
	\end{figure}

\begin{enumerate} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
	\item \textbf{The Interface Layer} contains the interfaces used for accessing other layers. For instance, doctor can use a user-friendly interface to configure the treatment plan, whereas player interact with the game through Augmented Reality glasses.

	\item \textbf{The Configuration Layer} consists of the ``treatment plan configuration'' component, where the doctor can add new treatment plan and configure the existence ones.

	\item \textbf{The Run-Time Layer} has the components that interact with the player while the game is running. These components are: the Context Agent component and the Game component.
		\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
			\item[-] \textbf{The Context-Agent Component} retrieves the player treatment plan, and his/her performance in order to controlling the current game-session and guiding the player based on the treatment plan. Furthermore, the context agent capable of monitoring all the player's behaviors and interactions with the environment, logging ``Ethically'' the needed data, and calculating the player's performance following the measurements highlighted in the next section. Thus, the agent gains a deeper understanding of the patient to enrich the AR-Therapist model based on appropriate reasoning techniques. This in turns can be utilized in the future for suggesting the most optimal treatment plan for new patient (e.g. when facing a ``cold start issue''). In addition, logging the needed data and reasoning them will reveal some of hidden information that can be valuable for advancing research on treating patients with ADHD.

On the other hand, there is a persistent need for employing intelligent agent capable of performing the tasks explained above since the AR-Therapist model is used by the patients with the aid of their families and under the doctors' remote supervision (i.e. ambient assistant living ``AAL''). A prior use of AAL is observed in the literature for fall detection~\cite{chan_towards_2008}, and for monitoring elderly in their homes using video surveillance~\cite{foroughi_intelligent_2008}.

			\item[-] \textbf{The Game Component} involves levels of game; each level has its own games-sessions, and each game-session in turns contains the appropriate difficulty level that characterizes the maximum game-session time, used objects, and their locations.
\end{itemize}

	\item \textbf{The Storage Layer} involves components that store data about the treatment-plan, treatment-program, player profile, and game levels and objects. Each component follows an appropriate common specification for structuring the related data. Thus, the system's extensibility can be guaranteed as well as the integration with the existence E-Health systems.
\end{enumerate}

\section{Performance Measures:}
One of the most important issues in diagnosing and treatment of ADHD is to determine a set of accurate performance measures. These performance measures should have the ability to differentiate accurately between patients having ADHD symptoms and others who do not have it. According to psychiatric recommendations, it would be better to collect these performance measures from patients within different environments such as at homes or schools~\cite{morales2017psychometric}. There are many tests used to diagnose patients with ADHD~\cite{hall2016clinical}. Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) are the most popular laboratory-based test supporting clinical diagnosis~\cite{edwards2007estimates,vogt2011early,conners2000conners}. CPT is usually a computer-based test that aims to measure attention and impulsivity. CPT involves the individual and random presentation of a series of visual or auditory stimuli that changes rapidly over a period of time. Patients are informed to respond to the ``target'' stimulus and avoiding a ``non-target'' stimulus. The test provides summary statistics of performance parameters (e.g., response time, average response time, response time standard deviation, omission errors, and commission errors). These parameters have been shown to be useful in the detection of ADHD~\cite{rapport2000upgrading}.

An important limitation of traditional CPTs is low ecological validity~\cite{rodriguez2018comparison}. Ecological validity means the degree to which a performance test produces results similar to those produced in real life~\cite{negut2017virtual}. One approach to improve assessment methods which offers better ecological validity is CPTs based on VR, such as the Aula Nesplora test~\cite{climent2011aula}. Those approaches have an advantage of being more realistic and ecologically-valid environment while still having the ability to assess the degree of ADHD severity. Using AR instead of VR will further improve the ecological validity of the performed test.  Here, multiple performance measures is used to provide ADHD diagnostics and treatment assessment. Thus, let us assume that we have an AR-game that frequently present an interactive environment with the following assumptions:

\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
	\item[] $T$: Total number of tries progressed in one session, which is a combination of:
		\begin{enumerate}
			\item[a.] Number of correct tries in one session, i.e., $C$,
			\item[b.] Number of incorrect tries (due to omission or commission errors) in one session, i.e., $I$, and
			\item[c.] Number of uncompleted tries in one session, i.e., $K$.
		\end{enumerate}
\end{itemize}

Then, the performance measures that will be used for providing ADHD diagnostics and treatment assessment include:
\begin{itemize} \setlength\itemsep{0em}
	\item {\bf Correct Response Times} ($CRT$): The percentage of measuring attention deficits for the time spent on the correct tries. CRT measures the time period that a patient takes to make a correct try (i.e., choose the target object in the try). The longer the CRT is, the more likely the patient has attention deficit and less time to focus on tasks. As a result, the patient takes longer time comparing to normal subjects when performing a task (i.e., choosing the target/correct object in our case).
	\item {\bf Mean of the CRT} ($M$): To compare with correct response time to make sure they follow opposite relation to one another, i.e., $M = \sum_{i=1}^C {CRT_i}/{C} $.
	\item {\bf Standard deviation of the CRT} ($SD$): Indicative of impulsive and hyperactive symptoms of the patient. The higher the value of SD, the more probability that patient suffers from impulsivity/hyperactivity and difficulty in controlling his/her moves after a certain period of time. As a result, the patient starts periodically to move with no destination. I.e., $SD = \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^C (CRT_i - M)^2/\{C-1\}}$.
	\item {\bf Try time} ($\theta$): The maximum allowed time to complete one try within a session.
	\item {\bf Omission errors} ($OE$): The absence of any response during a try period to be used to measure inattention.
	\item {\bf Commission errors} ($CE$): The response to non-target stimuli which to be used to measure impulsivity.
	\item {\bf Engagement Factor} ($GF$): It indicates the patient engagement level with the game. In a case, a patient is considered to be engaged in the game if s/he continues to play the game. In contrast, the patient is considered to be not engaged if s/he stops the game before completing all tries in a session. Thus, $GF$ is defined as the number of correct and incorrect tries divided by the total number of tries in the session, i.e., $GF=  \{C+I\}/{T}$.
	\item {\bf Inattention Factor} ($IAF$): It represents the percentage of patient's inattention, i.e., $IAF=  {OE}/\{C+I\}$. In a case, the inattention of a patient increases when s/he makes Omission Errors ($OE$) in a session, i.e., when the patient does not choose any of the objects appearing to him/her. The number of uncompleted tries ($K$) in a session should be excluded when indicating $IAF$, i.e., $C + I = T - K$.
	\item {\bf Impulsivity Factor} ($IMF$): Indicates the percentage of patient's impulsivity observed in his/her behavior within a session. $IMF$ is defined as the number commission errors divided by number of correct and incorrect tries, i.e., $IMF= {CE}/\{C+I\}  $. We also excluded $K$ when defining $IMF$. In our case, a patient who suffers from impulsivity will likely make more commission errors because impulsivity will prevent him/her from focusing when choosing an object.
	\item {\bf Error Factor} ($EF$): It represents the percentage of the error rate during a session, i.e., $EF=\{OE+CE\}/\{C+I\}$. The error in the case includes omission and commission errors excluding $K$. Thus, $EF= IAF + IMF$.
	\item {\bf Correct Response Factor} ($CRF$): A percentage of total correct response-time relative to maximum allowed time for all correct tries, i.e., $CRF=  \{\sum_{i=1}^c CRT_i \}/\{C \times \theta\} $. In a case, $CRF$ should be negatively affected by the amount of time that the patient takes when s/he makes an incorrect try. Thus, we define CRF as the total summation of CRTs to the actual time of the game during the session ($GT$). In this case, $CRF$ will be $100\%$ if the patient makes all tries correctly. Otherwise, it will decrease depending on the total amount of time spent by the patient on $I$.

\item {\bf Performance Index} ($PI$): It reflects the single measure for the overall performance of the patient which depends on the correct response, error, and engagement factors.

	\begin{equation*}
		PI= \Bigg[ \frac{(1-CRF)+(1-EF)}{2} \Bigg] \times GF
	\end{equation*}

$PI$ is a composite score which measures the overall performance of a patient. In a case, the $PI$ is affected positively by the patients' $CRF$ and negatively by the patients' $EF$. In addition, we need to take into account different possible scenarios that can happen in the game session. One possible scenario is that the patient does not complete all the tries in the session. The patient can make one correct try and stop the game before finishing all the tries in the session. If we only considered the $CRF$ and $EF$, the $PI$ in the case would be the highest. In order to prevent this from happening, we consider the $GF$ in the definition of $PI$. Another possible scenario is that we have two patients who have the same $CRF$, $EF$, and $GF$ but different $GT$. In this case, they will have the same $PI$. However, the patient who has less $GT$ should have a higher $PI$. Thus, we considered the ratio of $GT$ to the maximum session time when defining the $PI$.
\end{itemize}

\section{CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK}
The paper proposed a gamification system, called ``AR-Therapist'', as an online cognitive behavioral therapist to help in treating patients with a predefined ADHD symptoms. The purpose is to replace traditional CBT with a more advanced virtual one that may exceed traditional CBT methods by accelerating recovery time and saving money and resources.
AR-Therapist achieves an excellent accessibility level to every patient in need, as it mimics the therapist roles through an augmented reality environment that provides it with features including: adaptiveness, smartness, responsiveness, and accuracy. Other advantages are availability and assurance of the therapist's level-of-experience which cannot be guaranteed in traditional CBT. We are working to implement a simulated augmented reality environment using a simple game, where the results should lead to an increase in patient correct attention (e.g., choosing a predefined object) which contributes positively to their performance index, i.e., they are following along with their treatment plan; the opposite is correct when they fail to achieve their assigned tasks. Future research should provide extensive empirical case studies that will support this area of research with a rich and valuable data when collected ethically and will introduce interesting findings when analyzed.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGMENT}
This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Albaha University, Saudi Arabia [grant number: 1439/4]. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Deanship of Scientific Research or Albaha University.

 \bibliographystyle{splncs04}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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This article was published in the How's Online Newsletter today, I think it's right on, what do you think? Are Creative Professionals Praise Addicts? Furniture designer and artist Harry Bertoia said, "The urge for good design is the same as the urge to go on living." That kind of personal connection to one's work makes it challenging to maintain high morale on any design team. Unlike jobs in technical fields that have right and wrong answers, creative work is subjective. Teams are given an outline, specs or themes and expected to deliver something that has never been created before - and loved by the client or upper management. As part of a design team, it is important to remember that praise goes a long way, but what else can make the difference between low morale and perpetual enthusiasm? The staff at The Creative Group put together some common pitfalls that supervisors make that could impact just that. Below is a excerpt. The full article can be found on HOWDesign.com.
1) They Assume Employees are Lucky to Have a Job. While many people today may feel fortunate to have a stable position, keep in mind that your most talented employees always have options.
2) Innovation is Not Fostered in Creative Culture. Encourage staff to approach you with innovative concepts; if you can't implement them, explain why, and let the team know you value their input. Remember that if employee suggestions are dismissed without any real discussion, staff will stop presenting them.
3) Letting a Lack of Recognition Trickle Down. Recognition often becomes endangered during busy times because employees are so focused on their design work. If you're feeling under-appreciated, don't make your team feel the same way.
Bad morale in a creative environment is not good for the company or the brands. Keeping in mind how creatives think is key to keeping them excited and passionate.


BPR has closed below upper band by 26.7%. Bollinger Bands are 70.8% narrower than normal. The narrow width of the bands suggests low volatility as compared to BPR's normal range. The bands have been in this narrow range for 7 bars. This is a sign that the market may be about to initiate a new trend.


text:
Tax-Free Childcare scheme delayed until 2017
Paloma Kubiak
Self-employed parents and those with more than one child who've been waiting for the Government's new Tax-Free Childcare scheme to launch this autumn will now have to wait till 2017, following a Supreme Court judgment today.
Two providers of the existing Employer Supported Childcare voucher scheme mounted a legal challenge against the Government's new scheme following concerns about how it would be delivered and the effect it would have on parents trying to access childcare support.
But the Supreme Court has today thrown out this argument and confirmed the scheme is "lawful". However, as the court placed a suspension on the scheme being developed during the 15-month legal proceedings, the new Tax-Free Childcare scheme now won't come into force until 2017 – a delay of over a year.
The news is a blow for those who will better off under the new scheme, but it will benefit those who gain more from the existing provision as they'll be able to continue using it up until it's replaced.
The existing childcare scheme will also remain open to new entrants until Tax-Free Childcare is launched. For more on how both schemes work, see our Childcare Vouchers guide.
'We are now pressing ahead with the scheme'
The exchequer secretary to the Treasury, Damian Hinds says: "We are pleased that the Government's proposals for delivering Tax-Free Childcare have been found to be clearly lawful. This government is absolutely clear on the importance of supporting families with their childcare costs.
"It is disappointing that some organisations involved in the existing scheme felt the need to take and persist in this costly and wasteful course of action, which has led to a delay in the launch of Tax-Free Childcare.
"We are now pressing ahead with the scheme as part of our ongoing commitment to support working families."
Some parents to lose out as Tax-Free Childcare is delayed until 2017
What are the two schemes?
Tax-Free Childcare: Under the Government's new Tax-Free Childcare scheme, which will now launch in "early 2017" – no specific date has been given by the Government – eligible families will get 20% of their annual childcare costs paid for by the Government.
The way it works is that for every 80p you pay into a newly-created Childcare Account, the Government will contribute 20p. This could mean up to £2,000 per child (the scheme assumes a maximum of £10,000 per year childcare costs per child. If you pay more, you won't get more help).
But crucially, both parents need to be working in order to qualify.
Employer Supported Childcare: The childcare vouchers scheme on the other hand enables many taxpayers with kids aged up to 15 to pay for childcare with vouchers each month via salary sacrifice from their employer.
As an example, you give up £1,000 of salary, worth £700ish in your pocket after tax and National Insurance. You get £1,000 of childcare vouchers in return. This means you're £300 better off per £1,000. This is per parent, so the maximum two [basic rate tax paying] parents could get is £486 of vouchers each month.
So which scheme is best for me?
For a full rundown on the winners and losers see our Childcare Vouchers guide. But in brief:
Those who win Tax-Free Childcare:
Self-employed people or couples who earn less than £150,000 each, as they're eligible for Tax-Free Childcare, but can't get childcare vouchers.
Parents with more than one child and high childcare costs, as the help available goes up with the number of children. There's a limit for childcare vouchers, which isn't dependent on the number of children.
Those who win with childcare vouchers:
Couples where one parent doesn't work, as they're not eligible for Tax-Free Childcare, but the employed parent is eligible for vouchers (provided their employer offers a scheme).
Basic-rate taxpayer parents with total childcare costs of £9,336 or less. Under this amount, the saving you make with childcare vouchers exceeds the saving you can make with Tax-Free Childcare.
Higher-rate taxpayer parents with total childcare costs of £6,252 or less. Under this amount, the saving you make with childcare vouchers exceeds the saving you can make with Tax-Free Childcare.
Additional-rate taxpayers, as anyone earning £150,000+ isn't eligible for the scheme, whereas additional-rate taxpayers can get childcare vouchers.
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Family & Health Government Childcare Vouchers Tax


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Newton and the Case of the Missing Calculus
Posted on October 3, 2011 by Kirsten Walsh
Kirsten Walsh writes…
The case of the missing calculus is well-known. Newton (co-)invented calculus in the late 1660s, and he wrote Principia in the late 1680s. It would be natural to expect that Newton used the calculus in Principia. But it seems that he didn't. Instead, Newton wrote Principia in the style of Euclid's Elements, that is, using Classical Greek geometry. This is surprising indeed, given the powerful new tool he had at his disposal. What should we make of this?
Almost thirty years after the publication of Principia, Newton explained that he had used algebraic calculus to discover the propositions of Principia, but used classical geometry to demonstrate them:
"By the help of the new Analysis [i.e. algebraic calculus] Mr. Newton found out most of the Propositions in his Principia Philosophiae: but because the Ancients for making things certain admitted nothing into Geometry before it was demonstrated synthetically, he demonstrated the Propositions synthetically, that the System of the Heavens might be founded upon good Geometry. And this makes it now difficult for unskilful men to see the Analysis by which those Propositions were found out."
But Newton was lying. Scholars have found no evidence that he wrote or developed Principia in any other way than the published form. Moreover, few, if any, of the propositions in Principia can even be presented in the form of algebraic calculus.
This raises two questions:
Why did Newton lie?
Why did Newton eschew modern algebraic calculus in favour of classical geometry?
These questions have been discussed by numerous scholars including A. Rupert Hall and I. Bernard Cohen. The answer to (1) can be found in Newton's priority dispute with Leibniz. The answer to (2) was summarised neatly by Thony Christie last year:
"Put simply Newton had serious doubts about the reliability of the new analytical mathematics and that is why he didn't use it for his magnum opus."
But what caused these doubts?
In 1714, Newton wrote that the algebraic calculus is "arithmetic applied to geometrical matters… Its operations are complicated and excessively susceptible to errors, and can be understood by the learned in algebra alone". Whereas geometry "may be appreciated by the great majority and thus most impress the mind with [its] clarity". One might wonder why Newton bothered to invent algebraic calculus at all!
Well it seems that Newton wasn't always so anti-algebra, nor was he always so interested in classical geometry. In fact, as an undergraduate, Newton didn't read the ancients. Rather, he read a few modern summaries of the ancient texts, building his own mathematics on the algebraic work of mathematicians such as Descartes, Wallis and Barrow.
Newton seems to have become interested in classical geometry in the late 1670s, after re-reading Descartes' La Géométrie. La Géométrie was an attempt to unite algebra and geometry – Descartes aimed to show how symbolic algebra could be applied to the study of plane curves. Guiccardini writes:
"[Descartes'] tract could be read as a deliberate proof of the superiority of the new analytical method, uniting symbolic algebra and geometry, over the purely geometrical ones of the ancients."
Newton was very critical of Descartes' text, writing comments such as "error" and "I hardly approve" in the margins. He even drafted a paper entitled 'Errors in Descartes' Geometry'. To find support for his position, Newton began to read the ancient texts, including Pappus.
Newton wrote:
"To be sure, [the ancients'] method is more elegant by far than the Cartesian one. For [Descartes] achieved the result by an algebraic calculus which, when transposed into words (following the practice of the Ancients in their writings), would prove to be so tedious and entangled as to provoke nausea, nor might it be understood. But they accomplished it by certain simple propositions, judging that nothing written in a different style was worthy to be read, and in consequence concealing the analysis by which they found their constructions."
Newton was neither the first, nor the only, philosopher to equate algebra and geometry with the ancient methods of analysis and synthesis respectively. But he was the first to reject modern algebraic calculus in favour of ancient geometry. (If only because he was the first to invent it!) Does Newton's rejection of algebraic calculus stem from his anti-Cartesian stance? What if Newton had never re-read Descartes' Géométrie? Could his priority dispute with Leibniz have been avoided?
This entry was posted in Ideas and tagged mathematics, Newton by Kirsten Walsh. Bookmark the permalink.
One thought on "Newton and the Case of the Missing Calculus"
Thony C. on October 3, 2011 at 9:31 am said:
Thanks for the link and the compliment


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Evernote backtracks, says won't read users' notes unless they opt-in
Posted on December 17, 2016 by Deep
Shortly after announcing an update to its privacy policy that would have compromised the privacy of user data, Evernote has backtracked on its plans.
"After receiving a lot of customer feedback expressing concerns about our upcoming Privacy Policy changes over the past few days, Evernote is reaffirming its commitment to keep privacy at the center of what we do," the company said in a blog post.
"As a result, we will not implement the previously announced Privacy Policy changes that were scheduled to go into effect January 23, 2017."
In case you missed, the change in privacy policy allowed select Evernote employees to read users' notes. In addition, there was no way for users to opt-out of this change.
The company, however, now says that "no employees will be reading note content as part of this process unless users opt in."
"We announced a change to our privacy policy that made it seem like we didn't care about the privacy of our customers or their notes," said Evernote CEO Chris O'Neill. "This was not our intent, and our customers let us know that we messed up, in no uncertain terms. We heard them, and we're taking immediate action to fix it."
Posted in News Tagged backtracks, Evernote, notes, opt-in, read, says, they, unless, users, won't
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On Tuesday, The Bedford Town Board heard the appeal of Dr. Darel Benaim and her husband Carlos in regards to their application to demolish an architecturally distinct structure on their property known as the Belfry.
in full compliance, said Dr. Benaim in addressing the board and public hearing.
Four months later, the couple was confronted with the Historical Building Preservation Ordinance and found their property among 500 other Bedford properties affected. Stopping their plans cold, she said, "We were shocked."
The ordinance calls for the preservation of properties and structures that contain distinctive architectural and historical significance. The point of contention has hinged on the transparency of the document.
The Benaim's claimed that they nor the various real estate and legal agents enlisted in the acquisition knew nothing of the Ordinance, and in fact, was not available to the public. Otherwise, she said, "We never would have purchased the property."
look at," he said. "Is it sent to everybody - no, but is the wetland map sent to everybody," he asked rhetorically.
In turn, he believed "due diligence" was not done in regards to the property owners and the real estate brokers and lawyers that acted on their behalf. He choose not to speculate on the intent of the various parties.
The main details in dispute aside, the board fashioned a compromise. The Benaim's will be able to demolish the main structure known as the Belfry but most preserve its signature Bell Tower. They can either relocate that or incorporate it into a new structure. Mr. Delbello confirmed that the Benaim's were satisfied with the ruling.
On the other end, Stockbridge was disappointed that the ordinance's intent did not fully stand up but was relieved that the Bell Tower was spared. He also recognized the bigger picture approach the town board was faced with. Pointing to possible ambiguities in any document and the willingness of the residents to continue the fight, he said, "Basically, they didn't want to get involved in an expensive, time consuming litigation."
Ultimately, he sees the outcome going forward as a wake up call for the commission. "We need to be on the same page as the town board so if an ordinance is accepted, it can be relied upon by the public to get a proper review," he concluded.


Carolina Melis is a Sardinian-born designer, art director and founder of Mio Karo, a brand of fine textiles based in Sardinia and inspired by traditional motifs. The Mio Karo collections are all hand made in Sardinia and currently include rugs, cushions, wallhangings and baskets.
What is the starting point of your designs for Mio Karo: the traditional element or a new idea coming from another language system?
How much of your identity is in them?
My identity is definitely embedded in what I do. I am originally from Sardinia and I lived and worked in London for many years. Also Scandinavian design has had a big influence on me; I am half Danish by the way.
Where is the meeting point for tradition and innovation in your design? And what is the relationship between crafts and design?
My approach is to start from a traditional element that I consider contemporary already. For example, I often use the colours black and white, which are characteristic of traditional carpets in the village of Ulassai and are also well-established elements in contemporary design.
The relationship between crafts and design is very close, both are about everyday objects and that is what distinguishes them from art.
In this economy Sardinian crafts have always experienced the tension between being handmade and unique, therefore expensive and hardly replicable, and being in economic struggle. What is your vision in this regard?
With Mio Karo the idea is to create pieces that can be found in shops and therefore be easily placed on the market. For this reason I have chosen to work with collections rather than unique pieces, and to focus on products that can meet people's taste and be easily commercialised.
Working with handmade products requires a careful balancing of the demand and the actual supply capacity. However, what prevents the craft sector from taking off is the absence of a shared long-term vision. The sector also often lacks of professional skills such as marketing, communication, customer care etc., which are necessary to support the work of the artisans and therefore facilitate the commercialisation of the products.
What is the narrative around contemporary Sardinian crafts?
I believe that the narrative around Sardinian crafts needs to be detached from a general image of Sardinia like for example that of folklore or beautiful beaches, but can rather be built on the already long and distinctive tradition of high quality products and be associated with other sectors such as design.
How is your relationship with the artisans you work with?
I work with small Sardinian cooperatives which are very different from each other. During the production stage it is very important to communicate with the artisans directly and establish a trustfully relationship with them. I spend days in the laboratories working next to them so that it is easier to understand each other's languages.
How do cultural and economic values dialogue with each other in a project like Mio Karo?
With my work I am very careful to not alter what belong to the tradition either from the technical or design side. However, I want to take a step forward from the past. The artisans are very enthusiast to work with new ideas but it is essential to be aligned with them on the objectives since the beginning. Each cooperative has its own distinctive motif, for example in the village of Mogoro the carpets are characterised by floral elements and for being very colourful, in Ulassai by the colours black and white, in Nule by triangular motifs ('Le fiamme di Nule'), that I reinterpret in my design. This makes the collaboration quite special and unique. The artisans feel responsible for each single piece of the production; they are the keepers of the tradition and the ones who know how to make the work.
I have been collaborating with an interior designer in London and in September Mio Karo is going to be part of an exhibition at The Hospital Club during the London Design Festival 2015 (19-27 September 2015). At the moment I have also started other collaborations with some small companies outside Sardinia; I would like to make other kind of carpets. Finally, I have been invited to a conference in Mexico, where I am going to talk about Sardinian carpets.


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Baltimore blogger live broadcasts his standoff with SWAT team
SWAT team officers leave the scene of an all night stakeout.(Reuters / Marcus Donner) © Reuters
A blogger from Baltimore, Maryland captivated Internet audiences around the world Saturday evening by broadcasting his stand-off with a local SWAT team over the Web.
As many as 10,000 listeners tuned in to an online radio station during the weekend as Frank James MacArthur, 47, gave detailed commentary as the Baltimore Police Department attempted to execute an arrest warrant at his home. "I am surrounded by a bunch of men with guns," the man told his audience at one point during his play-by-play.MacArthur was reportedly ordered to be brought into custody for an alleged June 2012 probation violation that broke the terms of the sentencing he received for a 2009 gun case. Authorities told MacArthur that he had missed the court date for that charge and a warrant had been issued for his arrest, but MacArthur said he was never informed of an appearance before a judge.In the days before the SWAT team was dispatched this weekend, MacArthur made repeated references to his "fugitive" status on Twitter and suggested that he would not go without incident if he felt his life was threatened by any attempts by the police to apprehend him.During the broadcast, MacArthur spoke at length over the phone with police negotiator Lt. Jason Yerg while playing their conversation live for his audience. As he carried on the conversation, listeners sent tweets of encouragement and advice to MacArthur to coach him through the situation."What we're seeing going on is an abuse of SWAT. I'm seeing that the Baltimore Police Department … that because of something said on Twitter allegedly, we so quickly end up with a SWAT situation. This is highly disturbing to me as a citizen of this town. That it's so easy to get a SWAT deployment," MacArthur told Jerg.At one point, MacArthur told the officer that he would exit his home peacefully around 10:30 p.m., but then continued to negotiate the terms of his surrender because he wanted to make sure he could lock up his house behind him upon leaving. The last time he had been arrested, MacArthur explained, thousands of dollars' worth of belongings were removed from his home while he was in custody.According to MacArthur, he also feared that the police would use brutal and violent tactics to apprehend him, citing other examples of excessive force and the absence of any media near his home."I guarantee your safety," Lt. Jerg told MacArthur during the conversation. "You're going to be treated with fairness and respect.""Fairness and respect? No friggin' knees in my back?" he asked. Throughout the duration of the conversation, MacArthur led the lieutenant through dialogue involving the history of a police force he described as inept and unable to properly focus its resources in the right places — dispatching platoons of militarized police to apprehend one man, for example, meanwhile as the city's homicide rate continues to rise."The very fact that you're here right now means that this is not, this is already one of those extreme cases. There's nothing routine about this," said MacArthur during the show. "Being in my house, minding my own business, conducting my own Internet broadcast to my loyal fans and followers and now being surrounded by a SWAT team, this is already in an extreme.""I just got word from my audience that you guys are not letting anybody near my block. So you just got rid of the witnesses," MacArthur said, according to the Baltimore Sun, who dispatched a reporter to the scene but was unable to come close to the resident surrounded by SWAT. "I'm going to come out and whatever happens, happens. I'm prepared to die.… There are people who responded to me, because they care about me and they want to see justice served, and you're not letting them get to me. You're coming up with all sorts of justifications … but it's just a ruse to get rid of potential witnesses.""This is coming to an end," he told listeners shortly before 11. "Should you guys never hear from me again it's because these coppers killed me. If something funny happens to me, lieutenant, the world is watching.""I think you'll have a ton of advocates," Yerg responded."Whatever happens next, hopefully, local media will give it lots of coverage. I will be placing myself, my life, my safety in Lt. Yerg's hands," he said."Alright, 10:57. Network news comes on at 11. Let's wrap this up for the networks, huh? That's a good one," MacArthur announced just before surrendering. "The audience won't be listening because I'm going to walk away from this microphone. … Let's send this thing into orbit.""OK, folks, this it… I thank everybody for listening, for showing your concern … This is a ratings bonanza – a smash hit," MacArthur told the crowd."To all of our listeners, thank you for listening," Lt. Jerg chimed in.MacArthur stepped away from the microphone and cued an audio clip of a recent address delivered by Rep. Ron Paul (R-Texas) on the floor of Congress, then surrendered peacefully after a standoff that lasted around five hours.
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Sorry guys, Massy Stores said their Christmas special on $50 picnic hams is no more.
The store Tweeted to a customer on Thursday that the $50 hams were all sold out.
The special caused 'ham-demonium' last week after the company announced the special deal of $50 for picnic hams, limited to two per customer.
Videos shared on social media showed customers rushing into stores to grab their picnic hams.
Other supermarkets also offered Christmas ham specials, such as Tru Valu, which offered a picnic ham for just $45 with the purchase of $200 or more. The deal was limited to two hams per customer.
Massy Stores said it would be offering other promotions in the run-up to Christmas and urged customers to keep checking their social media pages for updates.


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The NBA's Lisa Byington (center) speaks with student-athletes participating in the Grow the Game shootout on Monday, Dec. 20, at New Trier High School in Northfield.
Northfield, Sports
With assist from NBA broadcaster, Grow the Game emphasizes gender equity and opportunity in basketball
By Joe Coughlin | 1:01 a.m. December 21, 2021
Grow the Game, for the most part, is a symbolic title for a basketball tournament that celebrates the advancement of women in sport.
But the name also works literally.
In Year 2, the event not only doubled in size (from 14 to 29 teams), but it also attracted interest from coaches in other states, according to Teri Rodgers, New Trier's head basketball coach and one of Grow the Game's organizers.
"The support has been awesome," she said. "People really want to be involved, and there are more people who want to be involved. I talked to teams in Missouri. They want to do it themselves. I talked to somebody who works in high school sports in California and she wants to do it."
The idea for the tournament was developed — as many Chicago ideas are — in a pizzeria.
Rodgers and a handful of Chicagoland women basketball coaches were talking shop, discussing common obstacles they faced as female leaders and how they should and could respond.
"What can we do to support each other, empower each other and we came up with this idea for running a tournament where we highlighted women's coaches and women officials," she said.
New Trier basketball coach Teri Rodgers (left) and school legend Jane "Miss Mac" McNamara talk with the Chicago Sky's WNBA championship trophy within reach.
The event began in 2019, when it was hosted by Glenbard West and coach Kristi Faulkner, one of the founders along with Rodgers, Ashley Luke-Clanton, formerly of Mother McAuley; and Cara Doyle, of St. Ignatius.
A four-day affair, Grow the Game's second year kicked off on Saturday, Dec. 18, and continued on Monday, Dec. 20, at New Trier's Northfield campus. Its final two days, Tuesday and Wednesday, Dec. 21-22, are hosted at North Central College in Naperville.
The field includes teams from across the state, such as Lake Forest and Hersey from the northern suburbs, Marist and Mother McAuley from the South Side, Naperville North and Montini from the western suburbs; Providence Catholic and TF North from the southwest suburbs, and Normal University High and Edwardsville from downstate.
Each of the 29 teams in the event is coached by a woman — no easy task considering just 25 percent of Illinois girls basketball programs are woman-led, Rodgers said. All-woman crews also officiated the games.
Originally set up as a tournament and shootout, Grow the Game had to downshift to just shootout games after multiple teams, including New Trier, had to withdraw after members of the respective programs tested positive for COVID-19.
While disappointed, Rodgers said the event's mission was still intact, and that is what mattered.
"This is really bigger than what we're doing (as a team)," she said. "I really appreciated that about the coaches. While we are competitive and want to play our best, we all know that that's not why we're at this event. We are here to celebrate what we are doing and not necessarily winning. What we're doing is bigger than the game. The game is just the medium."
Milwaukee Bucks play-by-play woman Lisa Byington speaks to the crowd at New Trier.
In the middle of Monday's action, Grow the Game welcomed special guest Lisa Byington, who earlier this year became the first full-time woman play-by-play broadcaster for a major American professional sports team (the NBA's Milwaukee Bucks).
Byington — who grew up outside Kalamazoo, Michigan, and eventually played basketball and soccer for Northwestern University —spoke to the crowd, as well as a digital audience, about her high school sports career, her humble professional beginnings and her barrier-breaking rise to the NBA.
After her speech, Byington hung around the court to take photos with teams and coaches, as well as speak to individuals.
She told The Record that speaking to young women is important to her, and when she learned about the mission of Grow the Game, she was on board.
"It's all about everything I support," Byington said. "And part of my story is empowering women and giving women a chance. … Maybe you don't know that you can be an NBA broadcaster. Now maybe there is a little girl or high school student that now that's one of their dreams.
"It's just another way to open up possibilities and encourage women to be their strongest and to be their best and I always look for opportunities to do that."


Membership is open to everybody subject to: identification and a valid proof of address such as passport, national ID card, driver's licence, student card or any government card issued as proof of identity. Tourists and foreign residents must present their passport and a valid proof of address in Bangladesh and in their country.
For minors, a letter of authority from their parents/guardians is also required besides a proof of identity. The signature of the membership form is an undertaking by the members that they will abide by the rules and regulations laid down by the library.
Submitting a false or wrong proof of residence will lead to cancellation of membership without any notice. Membership forms are available at the reception. Two copies of recent photographs (1 passport size and 1 stamp size) are required for the membership.