text:
Boards of Appeal _boa_
User consultations
Substantive patent law harmonisation
Convergence of practice
Search decisions
Enlarged Board of Appeal
President of the Boards of Appeal
About the Boards of Appeal
Oral proceedings
Boards of Appeal
Contact us using an online form
Richard-Reitzner-Allee 8
Frequently asked questions about the Boards of Appeal
Check the calendar of oral proceedings
Communications from the Boards of Appeal 2021
Press Communiqué on decisions J 8/20 and J 9/20 of the Legal Board of Appeal
The Legal Board of Appeal confirmed the decisions of the Receiving Section of the European Patent Office to refuse the applications EP 18 275 163 and EP 18 275 174, in which an artificial intelligence system called DABUS was designated as inventor in the application forms.
Plans to relocate the Boards of Appeal to the centre of Munich
The President of the Boards of Appeal and the President of the EPO will submit a joint proposal to relocate the Boards of Appeal to the centre of Munich
Oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal – revision of the measures adopted due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic – access to the buildings subject to testing, including for vaccinated or recovered individuals
In the light of the developments in the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Boards of Appeal have revised some of their measures for the arrangement and conduct of oral proceedings.
Press Communiqué of 28 October 2021 on referral G 1/21 to the Enlarged Board of Appeal
The Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office today issued the reasons for its decision G 1/21 (Oral proceedings by videoconference) of 16 July 2021, in which it ruled that oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal can, during a period of general emergency impairing the parties' possibilities to attend in-person oral proceedings at the EPO premises, be held by videoconference even without the consent of the parties.
Referral to the Enlarged Board of Appeal – G 2/21
Under Art. 112(1)(a) EPC, a Board of Appeal refers a question to the Enlarged Board of Appeal if it considers that a decision is required, in order to ensure uniform application of the law or if a point of law of fundamental importance arises.
Oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal – revision of the measures adopted due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic – access to the buildings only for vaccinated, recovered or tested individuals
Oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal – revision of the measures adopted due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic – self tests strongly recommended and new rules on access to the buildings for vaccinated and recovered people
Press Communiqué of 16 July 2021 on referral G 1/21 to the Enlarged Board of Appeal
Today, the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office issued the order of its decision in case G 1/21, in which it ruled that oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal can, during a period of general emergency impairing the parties' possibilities to attend in-person oral proceedings at the EPO premises, be held by videoconference even without the consent of the parties.
Press Communiqué of 22 June 2021 on decision G 4/19 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal
The Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office issued decision G 4/19 (Double patenting) today, in which it held that a European patent application can be refused by reason of the prohibition on double patenting.
Oral proceedings by videoconference in case G 1/21 before the Enlarged Board of Appeal – online registration open to the public
The EPO's Enlarged Board of Appeal has scheduled public oral proceedings in case G 1/21 for 2 July 2021. Members of the media and the public will be able to livestream the proceedings online.
Press Communiqué of 9 June 2021 on decision T 420/19 from the EPO Boards of Appeal
European patent EP2373154 concerns barley and malt-derived beverages with low dimethyl sulfide level. In its decision announced at the end of the oral proceedings on 8 June 2021, Technical Board of Appeal 3.3.04 upheld the patent as granted.
Extension of electronic notification via the EPO Mailbox to appeal proceedings
With effect from 1 June 2021, the Boards of Appeal will begin to notify documents in appeal proceedings electronically via the EPO Mailbox
The EPO's Enlarged Board of Appeal has scheduled public oral proceedings in case G 1/21 for 28 May 2021. Members of the media and the public will be able to livestream the proceedings online.
Annual Report 2020 of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office
Last year was shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the impact of this global health crisis, the Boards of Appeal were able to continue their successful reforms.
Oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal by videoconference
New Article 15a of the Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal (RPBA) on oral proceedings by videoconference enters into force on 1 April 2021.
Oral proceedings in case G 1/21
The Enlarged Board of Appeal has summoned the parties in case G 1/21, "Oral proceedings by videoconference", to oral proceedings on 28 May 2021 by videoconference via Zoom in accordance with Article 14 of the Rules of Procedure of the Enlarged Board of Appeal.
Oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal – reopening of the canteen facilities in Haar
The canteen facilities on the premises of the Boards of Appeal in Haar have reopened as a takeaway-only service.
Press Communiqué of 10 March 2021 on decision G 1/19 of the Enlarged Board of Appeal
The Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office issued decision G 1/19 (Simulations) today in which it held that the established case law on computer-implemented inventions (COMVIK approach) applies to computer-implemented simulations.
Boards of Appeal Case Law 2020
New Case Law publication containing summaries of decisions in the language of the proceedings now published
Oral proceedings before the Boards of Appeal – canteen facilities closed
Canteen facilities on the premises of the Boards of Appeal in Haar and in the Isar Building will be closed from 11 January 2021 until further notice


The Arlo Pro is Netgear's high-end, weather-proof and fully wireless camera. The Arlo Pro has a definite advantage over both the Canary Flex and the Logi Circle in terms of features. Its rechargeable battery is supposed to last longer, it offers free 7-day event-based cloud storage and it works with IFTTT and SmartThings.
Its rechargeable battery is simpler to deal with than the original Netgear Arlo's expensive and hard-to-find CR123s. The Arlo Pro also adds in two-way audio so you can tell any unwelcome guests to get off your lawn, as well as receive audio alerts.
The Arlo Pro 2 isn't the only security system to take the base station approach. There are two major advantages of a dedicated base station. The base station requires a wired ethernet connection, which is a bit of a pain. However, the dedicated 2.4GHz low-power WiFi signal for your cameras ensures they sip power. The base station also supports removable storage, so you can save every single clip on a thumb drive or USB hard drive. The Arlo Pro 2 base station connects to your router directly via Ethernet, then broadcasts its own Wi-Fi signal to any connected camera. Regardless of traffic on your home network, it ensures the cameras receive the bandwidth they need. It has the additional benefit of significantly increasing battery life: Depending on the level activity, a camera can last as long as six months.
The Arlo Pro 2 looks almost identical to the old version. In fact, it connects to the same base station, which can save you some money if you're just looking to add some new cameras to an existing setup. Adding Arlo devices is simple and usually works the first time. Press the sync button on your base station, press the button on the camera, and hold them close together for a few seconds. And just like that, your camera is paired.
Arlo Pro is a 100% wire-free indoor/outdoor security camera with rechargeable batteries and audio and can be added to any Arlo base station system. Arlo Pro includes rechargeable batteries, motion, and sound-activated alerts, 2-way audio, a 100+ decibel siren, and 7 days of free cloud HD video recordings. Arlo covers every angle to help keep you safe and protected.
Note: Place the camera within the WiFi's range for the device to work effectively.
It works alongside all other Arlo products, and while it's certainly expensive, if you have a large property and want to keep an eye on animals outdoors, or want a camera that can be moved around frequently, it's brilliant.
Netgear's Arlo Pro provides indoor and outdoor security monitoring in a single camera.
Some customers won't want to deal with a hub accessory during installation.


As you travel to the Caribbean coast you can explore the ruins of grand Mayan cities and the jungles, catching sight of wild flamingoes and perhaps a jaguar or two. When you reach the coast, every creature comfort will greet you in the hotels, restaurants and clubs of Cancun, Cozumel and the Riviera Maya. For the surfers, check out the bays of Puerto Escondido and Huatulco. If you want to enjoy the best kept secret of sophisticated travelers, please come to Los Cabos for foodies, golfers and those who want the perfect blend of fun, sun, relaxation and elegance.
Your excursion will allow you to explore Sonora and Durango in a biosphere reserve, tramping through the desert or taking it easy on the Copper Canyon Railway, which will transport you in comfort through their wild landscapes. On the beautiful coasts of Mexico you can go whale-watching, scuba diving and snorkeling off Baja and off our Caribbean coast you will be able to also get up close and personal with gentle whale sharks while being amazed at Mexico's coral reef, one of the largest in the world.
Sun and Beach Culture Adventure Luxury Amaze Me!
Sierra de San Pedro Martir National Park is located on the northern part of the Cordillera Baja California Mountain Range called the Sierra de San Pedro Martir. The park is located in Baja California Sur, Mexique. It protects one of the few pine tree forests on the Baja California Peninsula. The park also protects habitats for the Bighorn Sheep as well as the California Condor. Mexique's largest optical telescope is located at the National Astronomical Observatory on the nearby peak of Cerro del la Cupula.


Home > CULTURE > TRADITIONAL > Rice Art?!
Rice is probably the most widely consumed food in Japan. It is an enormous part of our traditional Japanese food culture and I personally have never gone a week without eating any rice (trust me it's not just me). A lot of people may already correlate Japanese people with eating rice. And that is of course very true, but there is another way in that some people have decided to have rice in their lives: through art. Now, personally, as an artist in training, I do NOT understand how these people are able to do this.
Drawing on each individual grain of rice has become a popular art form in Japan. Each rice grain is about four millimetres. The drawing process begins with choosing an appropriate grain of rice. Each grain of rice is shaped differently and therefore grains of different shapes are used in various parts of the piece. Apparently the artists do not use any type of magnifying glass, they just use their natural eyesight. They use extremely thin brushes to draw and write on these incredibly small grains of rice. The amount of concentration needed for this kind of work is insane so kudos to all of these rice artists.
Some people draw individual works or art on a single grain while others make a picture using multiple grains of rice.
Personally, I like how some of the artist use a grain of rice to write their signature on each of their works.
This is a cherry blossom tree made from rice grains. Each individual flower and leaf is made from a grain of rice.
This is a sunflower field made from rice grains.
You can actually order your very own piece or rice grain art from the site below!


text:
International News >
OMG! 'Gossip Girl' actress Lisa Lynn hangs herself in hotel room!
'Gossip Girl' actress Lisa Lynn Masters, who was battling depression, was reportedly found dead inside her hotel room closet in Peru. She was 52.
"Gossip Girl" actress Lisa Lynn Masters, who was battling depression, was reportedly found dead inside her hotel room closet in Peru. She was 52.
According to Peru21 newspaper, she was found deceased inside of her Nuevo Mundo hotel room in Lima earlier this week, reports eonline.com.
A spokesperson for Masters -- known for featuring in TV shows like "Ugly Betty", "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" and "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" -- released a statement: "As to her husband and family's wishes, we hope that the industry can mourn her death without details."
"In these darkening days, we hope those who have had the pleasure of knowing her will see how brightly she shined and will find that light within themselves and continue to share it with others-just as she would have," the statement added.
According to the local media report, she was found inside of her closet and appeared to have hanged herself with her skirt. Police officials also claimed to have found anti-depressants in her hotel room at the time of the investigation.
Authorities in the South American country's capital Lima said they found two letters which revealed her mental health issues at the Nuevo Mundo Hotel, reports mirror.co.uk.
Her husband William Brooks was in shock after her death, according to a friend who wrote on a GoFundMe page set up to pay for her body's repatriation to the US.
The fundraising page, which hit its 24,000 pounds goal in one day, will pay for funeral expenses and help her widower, who works as a healing arts practitioner in Brooklyn.
Ani Mason wrote on the page: "Our dear friend Lisa Masters passed away tragically and unexpectedly.
"Lisa's genuine warmth, generosity and tenacious strength will be deeply missed."
She added: "Lisa's beloved husband William is shocked and grieving her sudden loss. In the midst of this mourning, William faces daunting financial challenges, including the substantial funeral and transport expenses for Lisa in and between Peru and the United States."
Masters was from Brooklyn, New York.
2019 study reveals 1.7 million deaths in India caused due to air pollution
Actor Rajinikanth health condition improves; fans pray for speedy recovery
BMC accuses actor Sonu Sood of converting residential building into a hotel; files case
COVID norms flouted in Chennai again ahead of Actor Vijay's movie release

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Kadsura chinensis Hance ex Benth.
E. Asia - southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
]. Requires a sheltered position in a moderately fertile well-drained neutral to acid soil200].
Seed - best sown as soon as it is ripe in a shady position in a nursery seedbed.. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow them on until they are large enough to plant out.


text:
From Drivers to Bystanders: The Varying Roles of States in International Legal Change
Processes of change in international law are typically portrayed as centered on states. Other actors (international organizations, civil society organizations, expert groups, or scholars) play a role in these processes as supporting characters. Considering the fragmented or even fractured nature of the world, and the growing polarization among states, how can state-focused models explain the significant changes observed in the past two decades? We propose to explain this under-explored dynamism by shifting the focus away from solely state-centric explanations. We introduce a typology for various other roles states play by building on evidence from different issue areas of international law in which important change processes centrally involve non-state actors, with states occupying more limited or even marginal roles. Our account includes five main roles: central ones as drivers and blockers, marginal ones as bystanders, and intermediate ones as catalysts and spoilers.
The Turn to Metrics in International Environmental Law
The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in part to inject dynamism into international environmental governance that law is perceived to lack. In fact, the performance metrics on which the SDGs are predicated have long been an important component of international environmental regimes, as an analysis of the climate change regime clearly illustrates. I argue that the integration of metrics into legal regimes holds distinct advantages over the SDG approach, in which metrics are developed and implemented with little or no contribution by legal normativity. The Paris Agreement illustrates how legal norms and metrics can work together to generate equilibrium between instrumentality and legality, scientific and legal modes of reasoning, and dynamism in the face of rapid ecological change and scientific understandings, and the stability provided by normative approaches.
Change in International Law Through Informal Means: The Rise of Exceptions to State Official Immunity for International Crimes
International lawyers tend to account for change in international legal rules through the doctrine of sources. Yet, more often than not, what they believe to be the law is not convincingly explainable through these formalistic means. One such area is the law on state official immunities, where a majority of the international legal community today believes there to be exceptions to immunity in cases of international crimes. This paper seeks to explain this paradox and offer a non-formalistic, discursive account of change in international law. It does so by suggesting that, where state opposition blocks formal pathways, change often finds its way informally provided that: a) other actors are persistent in their attempt and resilient to state opposition; b) certain legal and discursive preconditions make the attempt plausible in order for it to be taken up by broader constituencies; and that minimal institutional channels are available in order to allow for authoritative endorsement.
The States-as-Bystander Effect in Human Rights Law
This paper argues for international legal change in human rights as a consequence of a states-as-bystander effect: When states do neither actively drive or block change processes, and alternative state-empowered authorities exist in a legal field, states' position at the sidelines opens a path for non-state actors to enact substantive change. In human rights law, this is a process they route through General Comments, a powerful instrument of the human rights treaty bodies to set, expand, and redefine standards for global human rights. This article bears its core argument of a states-as-bystander effect by taking a single norm, the necessity of water for human life, and tracing its change process from non-existent in human rights law, to a non-right, to a condition for other rights, and, finally, to the recognition of water and sanitation as independent rights at the international level. Ultimately the analysis shows that non-actors can enact change to law, and do so, on the heels of states' relegation to the periphery of the human rights system, which has opened the door for certain actors —transnational coalitions of expert body members, human rights advocates and issue professionals — to use General Comments in a way that not only impacts international legal change but also can withstand state opposition.


text:
Japan snubs court ruling to resume 'research' whaling
Activists voice anger as Ministry of Fisheries announces "research" whaling to begin again in March under revised plan.
Japan's decision comes after a one-year suspension [Tim Watters/EPA]
Japanese whalers will head to the Antarctic Ocean early next year, resuming hunting after a year-long pause, officials have said
The Ministry of Fisheries announced on Saturday that "research whaling" would once again begin in March under a revised plan, despite a call by global regulators for more evidence on the scientific purpose of the expedition.
Last year, the UN's top legal body judged that Japan's whaling was a fig leaf for a commercial hunt.
"Japan has once again shown that it is willing to disregard science, international law and international cooperation when it comes to its addiction to killing whales," the Whale and Dolphin Conservation activist group said in a statement.
Under Japan's plan, the number of minke whales hunted annually would be 333, which represents a two-third reduction over previous years, according to the ministry.
Related: Back to the whale hunt for Japan
'Illegal whaling'
Japan's announcement has been attacked by Australian environmentalists, who called on the country's Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull to stand up against it.
"The Australian government must step up and challenge the Japanese government's illegal whaling," said Darren Kindleysides, from the Australian Marine Conservation Society.
"Japan's Antarctic whaling has failed the test of international law, and the test of science, yet the hunt could resume within weeks."
Japan halted the much criticised programme in March 2014 after the International Court of Justice in The Hague ruled that the annual Southern Ocean expedition was a commercial hunt masquerading as science to skirt an international moratorium on whate hunting.
Related: UN court rules against Japan whaling
The moratorium had gone into effect in 1986, and Japan officially halted commercial whaling in 1987.
It then went on to conduct what it called "research whaling," under what critics argue is a loophole in the moratorium that allowed Japan to pursue its annual hunt for commercial purposes.
In April 2013, Japan announced its whaling haul from the Southern Ocean was at a record low because of "unforgivable sabotage" by activists from the environmental group Sea Shepherd.


text:
Home » Television & Web
Abhishek Bachchan Drops A MAJOR Hint Regarding Breathe: Into The Shadows Season 3?
The last episode of the show which is titled C-16 ends with a bit of suspense and leaves the audience with one question. What exactly is 'C-16'?
Amazon Prime Video's show 'Breathe: Into the shadows' released on July 10. The series has been applauded by the audience and the critics for the 12-episode crime thriller drama it is. The mind-boggling psychological crime thriller witnesses Bollywood superstar Abhishek Bachchan make his digital on-screen debut.
The last episode of the show which is titled C-16 ends with a bit of suspense and leaves the audience with one question. What exactly is 'C-16'? Recently, Abhishek Bachchan even tweeted the same on his social media and started a clamour of a conversation between the audience about what could 'C-16' signify in the last episode. The actor simply posted:
Sushant Singh Rajput's Cousin On Trusting Police Regarding His Death Case: "We Have Filed The FIR Because…"
Aishwarya Rai Bachchan On Her & Aaradhya's Recovery From COVID-19: "Truly Overwhelmed & Forever Indebted"
The last episode of the second season shows the character of Avinash passing a note to Shirley with the letters 'C-16' written on it. Is Abhishek hinting towards a season 3? Guess the audience will just have to wait to find out!
Breathe: Into The Shadows is created and produced by Abundantia Entertainment and created and directed by Mayank Sharma. The show has been written by Bhavani Iyer, Vikram Tuli, Arshad Syed, and Mayank Sharma.
The series features Amit Sadh reprising his role as senior inspector Kabir Sawant. It also stars actors Nithya Menen and Sayami Kher in prominent roles. The series is available exclusively on Amazon Prime Video. The series revolved around Dr. Avinash Sabharwal, whose 6-year-old daughter Siya is kidnapped by a masked man. The kidnapper demands that Sabharwal kills a man in order to get his daughter back.
How excited are you by this news? Let us know in the comments below.
Mayank Sharma
Tandav Twitter Reviews: Disappointed Netizens Label This Saif Ali Khan's Show As 'Sasta House Of Cards'
From Californication To Girls: Here Are Steamy TV Shows Streaming On Amazon Prime Video
Master: Ranveer Singh – Ranbir Kapoor To Shahid Kapoor – R Madhavan, Bollywood Pairings That Can Replace Thalapathy Vijay & Vijay Sethupathi In The...
Master Box Office Advance Booking: Thalapathy Vijay Starrer Is All Set...
Daisy Ridley Shares A Bad Side Of Being In Star Wars
Jacqueline Fernandez Enjoys A Bike Ride In The City
Sooryavanshi To Pathan, Expected Release Schedule Of Upcoming Bollywood Films In...
Ram Gopal Varma Faces A Ban From FWICE Due To Non-Payment...
Varun Dhawan – Natasha Dalal Opt For A Sunset Wedding, Salman...
Vidyut Jammwal Avoids Promoting Power? Producer Says, "Toh Ab Kya Kar...
'Mom' Emma Roberts Shares First Pic With Her Baby & It's...


text:
jcpe
deeply human
I started as a filmmaker and turned into a product leader.
I also have two kids and make picture books for them.
I started as a filmmaker and turned into a product leader. I also have two kids and make picture books for them.
Getting To Know Me?
I'm VP of Product & Technology at Sunday Goods, a cannabis startup.
I was Head of Product & Content at Onward, an anti-addiction app.
Before that, I was Director of Social Impact at Participant Media.
My foster care film, Know How, helped pass watershed legislation.
Way back, I directed the gamer documentary Second Skin.
I also produced and directed Vice documentaries for a while.
And founded a non-profit to curb climate change.
Is Facebook Today's Heroin? Comic Book Art Explores Tech Addiction
With the rise of addictive technologies, it's not hard to see how phones have permeated everyday life.
Governor Brown Signs Know How Campaign's Foster Care Bill!
California passed a foster care bill that is one of the most meaningful steps in reforming our foster care system in decades.
The Best Book Openings of All Time
The most memorable words, phrases, and first paragraphs ever written in books.
THE WHEN
Me in Numbers
In the past I've been a lot of things, some may say scattered but I like to think of myself as an eclectic generalist. I think this diversity in experience lends itself well to the field.
social impact campaigns
Miles Run
Hours Meditated
The Picture Book
An Unforgettable World
A child's imagination is only limited by what it can dream. This story helps children look and think about our world that is full of wonders. From animals to landscapes to stargazing, there are so many things we have experienced and have yet to experience. As you read it with your children, you may start reaching for a backpack and walking stick yourself. Not only does it help children see new possibilities, but it also encourages readers to live in the moment.
I'm a straightforward human that trusts implicitly and enjoys brainy repartee. I'm happy to chat about the weather, but if you want to go deep, that's where I like to be.
lovely to be around – 90% 90% 90%
fiercely compassionate – 77% 77% 77%
radically transparent – 85% 85% 85%
Let's Dream Dreams
Looking to bounce an idea around?
Need to define a vision and strategy for an ambitious product?
© 2020 JCPE. All rights reserved.


text:
Q: ThreadPooling in pyspark seems to sum the contents of a dataframe I am using Threadpooling to try to parallelize multiple for loops that I have in my pyspark code.
However, it seems that when using the reduce function at the end, it is simply summing the contents of the resulting list of dataframes.
Here is the code I am using:
from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
from multiprocessing import cpu_count
from pyspark.sql import functions as f

days=[180,5]
    def run_threads(iterr):
        for a in range(len(datepaths)-iterr, len(datepaths)-(iterr-1)):
            path="s3://" + datepaths[a] + "/"
            date_inpath.append(path)
        uva=spark.read.option("basePath",inpath).parquet(*date_inpath)\
        .select(*uvakeepcols)\
        .filter((col('RESULT').isNotNull()))\
        .dropDuplicates()
        uva1=uva.groupBy('SEQ_ID','TOOL_ID')\
        .agg(f.count('RESULT').alias('count'))\
        return uva1

pool = ThreadPool(cpu_count()-1)
df_list = pool.map(run_threads, days)
pool.close()
pool.join()

df=reduce(DataFrame.unionByName, df_list)

The above code extracts the results of a particular SEQ_ID, TOOL_ID combination for 2 days and then counts the number of times the RESULT column has values.
When I use thread pooling and compare the counts for the 2 days, I get the following result:
+-------+-------+-----+
| SEQ_ID|TOOL_ID|count|
+-------+-------+-----+
|2945783|  15032|  574|
|2945783|  15032|  574|
+-------+-------+-----+

However, when I extract the data manually from each of the 2 days I get the following result:
From 180 days ago:
+-------+-------+-------------+
| SEQ_ID|TOOL_ID|count(RESULT)|
+-------+-------+-------------+
|2945783|  15032|          285|
+-------+-------+-------------+

From 5 days ago:
+-------+-------+-------------+
| SEQ_ID|TOOL_ID|count(RESULT)|
+-------+-------+-------------+
|2945783|  15032|          289|
+-------+-------+-------------+

Somehow the pooling method is adding the two counts 289+285=574
What exactly is going on here, and is there a way to correct this?
Any insight would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Meet Team USA
Advancing to Gold
Tokyo Tracker
Advancing to Gold: Celebrating 125 Years of International Excellence
USA Fencing invites you to join us for Advancing to Gold: Celebrating 125 Years of International Excellence, a three-day celebration marking the one-year countdown to Tokyo and honoring the achievements over the last 125 years on the world's biggest stage.
One of five sports to be contested at every modern Olympic Games since 1896, the three-day extravaganza will honor the excellence achieved in the last 125 years, in which USA Fencing has seen 50 athletes reach the Olympic podium. Advancing to Gold will celebrate the past, present and future of fencing with participation from Olympic hopefuls as well as Olympians across five decades.
This is What a Fencer Looks Like (3 p.m. ET on Instagram Live)
Tokyo Olympic hopeful Iman Blow explores the past, present and future of fencing on the international stage with interviews from Olympic medalists Peter Westbrook and Daryl Homer as well as 2016 Olympian Jason Pryor and 2019 Junior and Cadet World Champion Lauren Scruggs. Westbrook became the first African-American to medal in the sport of fencing in 1984 and Homer followed with a silver medal in 2016. Pryor is a five-time Senior World Team member and two-time Pan American Games medalist while Scruggs is one of Team USA's rising stars after she became the first U.S. foil fencer ever to win junior and cadet titles at the same Worlds. Topics that will be discussed include making history, their careers and why representation matters in the sport.
Road to Tokyo 2021
Olympic and Paralympic hopefuls Jackie Dubrovich, Ellen Geddes, Jake Hoyle, Nick Itkin, Eliza Stone, Khalil Thompson and Isis Washington answer pre-submitted questions and discuss their journey toward qualifying for their first Games.
The Opening Ceremony Experience
What is it like to walk out with the best athletes from across the globe and represent Team USA? Find out as Olympians Mariel Zagunis, Alexander Massialas, Erinn Smart, Greg Massialas and Paralympian Cat Bouwkamp reflect on the iconic moment.
Medal Memories (Instagram Story)
Past Olympic medalists share their emotions and thoughts after winning an Olympic medal and standing on the podium.
The Evolution of Fencing
Gary Lu, President of Absolute Fencing Gear, and Serge Timacheff, a marketing consultant for Absolute Fencing Gear, talk about the growth the sport of fencing has seen and the role technology has played.
USA Fencing Feud
Watch as women's epee teammates Kat Holmes and Anna Van Brummen and women's foil teammates Nicole Ross and Nzinga Prescod see how well they know each other.
Women In Fencing: Conversations with a Breakout Generation
Iris Zimmermann, Ann Marsh-Senic and Leslie Marx discuss the growth they've seen in women's fencing since their historic firsts in the sport.
Live Workout with Monica Aksamit (2 p.m. ET on Instagram Live)
Join 2016 Olympic team bronze medalist Monica Aksamit for a live workout that will get your heart pumping and have you excited for the year ahead.
Countdown to Tokyo Olympic Games
You can help us secure a $25,000 challenge grant! For every $20,000 raised, they will match $5,000. By donating now, we can advance closer to GOLD.
Please flex your philanthropy and celebrate our fencing community so that we can continue to advance fencing in the United States for another 125 years of international excellence.


Lord Of Baltimore Hotel - This is the latest information about Lord Of Baltimore Hotel, this information can be your reference when you are confused to choose the right design for your home.
Lord Of Baltimore Hotel. Designing your own home will give your own satisfaction and pleasure, which you will not get by sharing other jobs in this world. If you intend to do so, designing your own home is not impossible.
Interior, Fashion Exhibitions New York was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Fashion Exhibitions New York has viewed by 24429 visitor.
Interior, Glass Mirrors For Bathrooms was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Glass Mirrors For Bathrooms has viewed by 19153 visitor.
Interior, Shelves In A Bathroom was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Shelves In A Bathroom has viewed by 62081 visitor.
Interior, Dining Room Chandeliers Contemporary was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Dining Room Chandeliers Contemporary has viewed by 95415 visitor.
Interior, Contemporary Cabinet Pulls And Knobs was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Contemporary Cabinet Pulls And Knobs has viewed by 61742 visitor.
Interior, Best Swimming Pools In The World was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Best Swimming Pools In The World has viewed by 13902 visitor.
Interior, Stuff To Do In Nyc At Night was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Stuff To Do In Nyc At Night has viewed by 2599 visitor.
Interior, Madeline Weinrib Rugs For Sale Online was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Madeline Weinrib Rugs For Sale Online has viewed by 25483 visitor.
Interior, Benjamin Moore Paint Colors For Kitchen Cabinets was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Benjamin Moore Paint Colors For Kitchen Cabinets has viewed by 57242 visitor.
Interior, Ideas For Honeymoon Destinations was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Ideas For Honeymoon Destinations has viewed by 19655 visitor.
Interior, Celebrity Homes In Beverly Hills was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Celebrity Homes In Beverly Hills has viewed by 48366 visitor.
Interior, Chairs For Front Porch was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Chairs For Front Porch has viewed by 4853 visitor.
Interior, Outdoor Kitchen Designs With Pizza Oven was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Outdoor Kitchen Designs With Pizza Oven has viewed by 12444 visitor.
Interior, Best Sites For Selling Art was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Best Sites For Selling Art has viewed by 72775 visitor.
Interior, Paint Color For Dining Room was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Paint Color For Dining Room has viewed by 24553 visitor.
Interior, Historic Hotels Charleston Sc was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Historic Hotels Charleston Sc has viewed by 64497 visitor.
Interior, Small Chaise Lounge Sofa was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Small Chaise Lounge Sofa has viewed by 85928 visitor.
Interior, 3 Light Pendant Island Kitchen Lighting was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over 3 Light Pendant Island Kitchen Lighting has viewed by 2100 visitor.
Interior, Backsplash Tile Designs For Kitchens was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Backsplash Tile Designs For Kitchens has viewed by 67794 visitor.
Interior, Chaise Lounge In Living Room was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Chaise Lounge In Living Room has viewed by 59042 visitor.
Interior, Transitional Living Room Furniture was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Transitional Living Room Furniture has viewed by 5124 visitor.
Interior, Toddler Boy Room Ideas Paint was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Toddler Boy Room Ideas Paint has viewed by 82672 visitor.
Interior, Pet Friendly Hotels In Miami Fl was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Pet Friendly Hotels In Miami Fl has viewed by 64129 visitor.
Interior, Patio Ideas And Pictures was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Patio Ideas And Pictures has viewed by 41035 visitor.
Interior, Kitchen Cabinet Design Ideas Photos was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Kitchen Cabinet Design Ideas Photos has viewed by 53672 visitor.
Interior, Best Small Ship Cruise Lines was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Best Small Ship Cruise Lines has viewed by 43389 visitor.
Interior, Must Sees In Los Angeles was posted June on this site by Clevrhome.co. More over Must Sees In Los Angeles has viewed by 61483 visitor.


Best way to protect my Macbook Pro '13 (Early 2011)?
This semester I have started to take my laptop to school daily in my backpack. What is the best way to protect it?
I looked into some hard cases and they all seemed to have mixed reviews of people loving them or hating them because they broke in a few months.
Get a bagpack with a laptop sleeve and one of these.
Don't get clip on cases, get a padded carrying case or a laptop bag with a padded space for your laptop built in.


text:
New to Emmanuel?
Want to join Emmanuel College?
Emmanuel Teaching School Alliance
Emmanuel Schools Foundation
The Emmanuel College Curriculum
Individualised Learning
STUDENT AND PARENT HUB
FRIENDS AND ALUMNI
Friends of Emmanuel
CONTACT & LETTINGS
Student and Parents Hub
its Learning
ESF My Files
Looking After Your Mental Health
We are aware that there may be pressures that come with being asked to change the ways we are used to behaving. If you are or members of your family are feeling anxious, stressed or simply looking for ways to clear your minds, some of the links and resources found below may be of use. You may also want some advice on staying safe on line which can be found here.
We have also opened a new email address ecstudentwelfare@esf-schools.org.uk should you wish to talk to us about the worries you are having at this time. This will put you in touch with our welfare team and because it is unrelated to academic support, it could be used to discuss not only your child, but any worries you may have about coping at this time. Your wellbeing and safety are of huge significance and we want to support you if we can.
If you are a student who thinks they are in danger you can contact our Safeguarding team by sending a text to 07593451538. This number will be manned between 9 and 4pm on weekdays. If you have an urgent concern outside of these times you can contact Childline.
https://www.childline.org.uk/ or call 0800 1111
'Virtual Hope' guides young people through strategies for coping with stress teaching relaxation and positive thinking techniques.
'Smiling Minds' contains guided mediations for young people of all age groups from 7+. The app also gives young people the option to check in their mood each day.
'Breathe2relax' helps young people to relax and to take control of their breathing.
'Head Space' is a guided meditation app that offers short exercises for daily use.
Click here for an article on how breathing calms your brain
Click here to listen a Relax and breathe-do nothing for ten minutes
Self-harm Support
'Calm Harm' is designed for young people who have an understanding that they are struggling with self-harm. The app offers strategies to help them to resist the urge that compels them to harm themselves.
www.selfharm.co.uk – This website offers support for young people who are struggling with self-harm from the beginning of their journey. This website is aimed at young people aged 14-19.
General health and wellbeing
www.nspcc.org.uk – If you are worried about a child, you're unsure, contact our helpline to speak to one of our counsellors on: 0800 800 5000 email: help@nspcc.org.uk
www.au.reachout.com/ – This website is for young people and parents. The website covers all topics that young people may struggle with during this time. A few of the topics are, sleep, healthy eating, bullying, isolation and much more.
www.youngminds.org.uk/ – This website also includes a parent helpline. It covers general mental health for young people. It has a special section covering COVID-19.
www.mentallyhealthyschools.org.uk/ – A resource for the whole family. This website recognises that when a young person is struggling, the whole family struggle. This website has a range of tools including help and advice on topical issues as well as an ask the expert tool.
'Mind Moose' offers schools a way to support and monitor the mental wellbeing and emotional health of pupils. The fun, online learning helps pupils to develop their sense of self-worth, resilience and coping skills.
Watch Well Cast is a youtube channel covering all general mental health problems.
Teen Metal Health – Freely available on-line, evidence-based resources and programs designed for youth, families, educators and health care providers.
Child Line – Childline is a free and confidential service for children and young people where you can talk about anything. or call 0800 111
Elefriends is a supportive online community where you can be yourself. We all know what it's like to struggle sometimes, but now there's a safe place to listen, share and be heard.
Big White Wall – A safe community to support your mental health, 24/7
The Mix – For young people 13-25 to take on embarrassing problems, weird questions and to become the first point of contact for any young person seeking help or information wherever and whenever they need it.
Anxiety or Depression
'SAM' is designed to help young people to manage their anxiety. It includes 25 self-help options to help young people to manage both physical and mental symptoms of anxiety.
'Worry Time' is designed to help young people to manage their worry. It allows young people to take control of what they do with their negative thoughts even when they feel their thoughts are out of control. The app acts as a safe place to store their everyday emotions.
'Mindfulness Daily' is designed to support young people who suffer with depression and anxiety. It has a great feature that supports young people who suffer from panic attacks.
'What's Up?' is an app designed to provide helpful tools for managing depression. What's Up is a useful aid for individuals with mild-moderate depression who do not have access to traditional treatments.
This 'Well Mind' supports young people who suffer from depression and anxiety. It includes advice, tips and tools to boost well-being.
Online counselling provision
Samaritans – Available day and night for anyone who's struggling to cope, who needs someone to listen to them without judgement or pressure offering listening and support to people and communities in times of need.
Kooth – Online counselling and emotional well-being platform for children and young people.
Domestic Abuse support – Gateshead Councils support service for domestic abuse of any kind.
'Superbetter' will appeal to gamers. It is designed to build resilience within young people. It is created to help young people to stay motivated and positive despite obstacles that they might face.
Unfortunately, some of us may face the loss of friends and loved ones. CRUSE Bereavement Care and Winston's Wish are both bereavement charities that work in the area to support young people and their families as they prepare for, and come to terms with the loss of loved ones.
https://www.cruse.org.uk/
https://www.winstonswish.org/
If this is something you would like to talk through with us, please email the welfare team (welfare@emmnuelctc.org.uk) and one of the team will get in touch.
Covid-19 Support and advice
Mentally Healthy Schools -This website link is a specific toolkit to help to support your young people through this time.
TEWV NHS – This website contains help and advice to support young people through uncertain times.
My Mind – This wesite has a special feature to help young people cope with COVID-19. It includes posters, social stories and anxiety work around the topic.
Mind – Mind are a mental health charity. Find out about mental health, staying well and accessing help & support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mr N Ogborn
Designated Safeguarding Lead
Mrs A Scott
Assistant Vice Principal: Student Support (SENDCO)
Deputy Designated Safeguarding Lead
Parent and carer support
NHS – NHS advice about corona virus
Novel coronavirus – This is a useful video link for adults and young people about COVID-19, produced by the World Health Organisation.
Mind – A resource giving help and advice around specific topics such as self-isolation.
Mind Kit – This is a website to help and support well-being during this social distancing and self-isolation period.
Anna Freud – Advice and support for managing through this pandemic.
Emmanuel College, Consett Road
Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, NE11 0AN
Copyright © 2018 - 2021 Emmanuel Schools Foundation
Parents and Student Hub


Oman Frankincense, Boswellia Sacra is one of Earth's greatest treasures. A precious substance revered through the ages.
In the ancient world frankincense was valued more than gold and in our time it is a rare and unique gift. The scent is historically connected with healing and spirituality in almost every culture and religion.
In Oman where the finest Frankincense in the world comes from, it is considered a gift of God. The trees are not intentionally planted or watered, they are nurtured only by nature. The people whose land contains a frankincense tree are considered to be blessed.
Boswellia sacra comes from the Dhofar region of southern Oman Covering about 100,000 square kilometers, the Dhofar region borders Yemen to the west and Saudi Arabia to the north. The trees do not like moisture and thrive in barren areas cooled by sea winds.The ancient twisted trees with crinkly leaves spring unexpectedly to life every September with an explosion of white star flowers. An incision is made into the silvery bark, from which drips the fragrant "pearls", white globules of resin called luban. Left to dry, this will turn transparent after about two weeks.
Frankincense can be found in souks (market places) throughout the middle east, but you'll get the premium resin directly from Oman. (as we do at Mermade) The quality, scent and body can be identified by frankincense connoisseurs and, like a fine wine, varies greatly by each season and every year. The best " najd", comes from the hills of the Bait Kathir tribe. The lower quality, shazri, from the Qara mountains and the least valued, sha'abi, is found in the coastal plains. If you ask the experts most will tell you that hougary is the finest.
Hougary (also spelled hawjari, hojari, hogary) Oman Frankincense resin is Boswellia sacra - Superior grade frankincense from the Dhofar region of Oman. Considered by many to be the finest frankincense in the world, Hougary is primarily the larger selected white and lemon-white colored frankincense resins.
The highest quality has various tints of green as well. It comes only from Dhofar region of Oman, whose arid growing conditions are ideal for fine quality frankincense resin. Superior Hougary frankincense resins produce beautiful light, bright, citrus aromas with slight underlying woody and balsamic tones. Of the frankincense resins from Oman, Green Hougary is the most sought after of all.
'It has a fresh balsamic, yet dry and resinous, slightly green odor with a typical, fruity-green top note... of unripe apples .... A certain pepperiness is mellowed with a rich, sweet-woody, balsamic undertone"
"I listened as Radiyyah went through the different grades of frankincense in her stock. "Those yellow lumps aren't so good," she said. "These are better. Look, they're like pearls. But," she opened a small box, "these are the real fusus" Her word "gems" was well chosen: Teardrops the size of fat ring-stones, some were silvery, others had opalescent hints of rose, green or amber. "This is najdi," she explained, "from the najd [plateau], the high land behind Jabal Qara." She pointed to the range of mountains across the plain from Salalah. I had already made inquiries about where the best frankincense comes from. My informants, however, could not agree. In Jabal Qara, one had said that the best came from Mughsayl, west of Salalah. A farmer near Mughsayl said that the best came from 'Aydam, nearer the border with Yemen. The literary sources were similarly in disagreement. "The finest luban of all you won't find in the suq," added Radiyyah, confusing the matter further. "It's called hawjari and it comes from around Hasik."
Frankincense because of its non-perishability its resistance to bacteria and because it is an evergreen tree, it is a symbol of immortality. The tree can live for at least 100 years. It seems that the power and beauty Frankincense is a reflection of its intense tenacity for life. In the driest areas, it condenses the solar heat and chill night winds into a rare essence. The gnarled exterior is in great contrast with its inner spirit.
Prepare a censer or fireproof dish, we have several types available at Mermade that we have found to work the best. Adding sand or white ash to the censer is a good idea. It absorbs heat from the censer and lets air under the charcoal for better burning. Or use a resin censer which has a screen on top to let the ashes fall through in to the censer bowl. Frankincense is one incense that burns very well on charcoal and the smoke itself is very intoxicating. Try to use a high quality charcoal disk or tablet like the chemical free bamboo tablets from Japan or the type used for Hookahs which have a very small amount quick lighting agents in them. In the Middle East coals are taken right from the home's hearth are used. Types like Three Kings (from church and occult supply stores) have the highest chemical content.
When the charcoal is ready (in about 4-5 minutes) place the frankincense directly on the coal or use a piece of thin foil on top of the charcoal to let the resin burn more slowly - then let the wonderful scent arise.
Hougary comes in large roundish hunks or tears and we recommended that you breakup or grind it slightly before burning to allow it burn evenly and disperse its scent quickly. Though you can place a whole tear on an electric heater, incense stove or candle heater and it will slowly melt and release its heavenly scent.
Electric heaters are now available at a reasonable price and are highly recommended for getting the most from fine natural incense of all types. It is especially desirable to use with delicate woods and botanicals. The heater allows them to realize their essential oils before combustion. Many things that are not very aromatic when burned on charcoal have a lovely aroma on a heater. Resins are warmed slowly and a richer scent will be exuded for a longer period of time. Although with some incense botanicals smoke is desired , with many, smoke means the end of the release of the essential oils that carry all the fragrance. So if you want the most from your incense material use a temperature controlled electric heater.
When using a heater be sure to experiment with the temperatures for different types of incense, always preheat and start with a setting below 30. If your incense begins to smoke too quickly turn down or off completely. It is best to try it for yourself and find what works for you.
Egyptians believed that incense was the very 'sweat of the gods', and that their souls would ascend to Ra on the wings of smoking resin. Funerary rites were therefore inconceivable without vast quantities of frankincense the 'stairway to the sky "There were also the pleasures of personal use..
In Ancient Egypt it was 'the one who makes God known". It was especially prized by the Egyptians for its connection to the Sun God Ra. Egyptians believed that their souls would fly up to Ra on the wings of the smoke, which ascended every morning to honor the dawn. Holding long-handled censers called anischirs containing smoldering charcoal, the priests applied and reapplied frankincense while praying. As the sun rose, they would 'awaken' statues of the deities by passing the arnschirs beneath their noses. As the smoke spiraled upwards, and the solid crystals turned into perfumed clouds linking the material world below with the invisible domain of the gods above, they were inhaling the prayers.
In temples for the Babylonian Sun god Baal and the Greek Apollo, frankincense was burnt in large quantities as an alchemical substance with the power to bring devotees closer to divinity. From the Egyptian courts the Hebrews, and then the Greeks and Romans, had learnt not only of the sensual delights of perfume, but the practical applications as well.
The incense comes, the incense comes.
The scent of the eye of Horus is over thee.
It makes its place upon thy two hands.
Hail to thee, oh incense!
Take to thyself the eye of Horus. Its perfume is over thee.
This text is written on an offering table on which the bowl of incense was probably placed. Burning and offering incense was a means of communication between the earthly and the divine spheres.
- Frankincense burners, from the large ones that can be borne on the head during a procession to tiny shallow bowls that burn only a granule or two of the gum, are made of clay.
- Historically the preferred shapes were produced artificially - lumps of softened gum being molded together, small pieces put into a clay pot and rolled around until they had joined into a single lump and taken on the curve of the pot, or liquid, soft frankincense was made into artificial "tears" by being shaken in a basket.
-Lumps of fresh, moist frankincense were molded into a rough cone-shape, and one or two of these would be ignited as darkness fell - this gum "candle" burned steadily throughout the night providing minimal light and keeping at bay the dangerous animals and malevolent spirits which roamed the night.
-The gum was used in the treatment of almost every imaginable disease by Greek and Roman physicians, and remedies employing frankincense also appear in the Syriac Book of Medicine, in the text of Muslim practitioners of the Middle Ages, and in Indian and Chinese medical writings.
- Recent research has revealed that the principle ingredient 0f gums such as frankincense and myrrh are very similar in chemical structure to the human steroid molecule, testosterone, the hormone which drives both male and female libido.
- The fresh gum is chewed for strengthening the teeth and gums, to stimulate digestion and to combat halitosis.
- The smoke from the burning gum is considered to have powerful curative and protective properties. Sick humans or domesticated animals are customarily fumigated with incense.
- Frankincense was and still is very far from being just a lovely fragrance; not is its extraordinary symbolic value confined to its healing powers, which range from treatment of psychological conditions such as depression and claustrophobia to physical ones such as eczema and abscesses.
- Smoke of gum is inhaled by people suffering from headache.
- Frankincense acts upon the the nervous system. and has the ability to relax yet revitalize . It smoothes the flow of stagnant Chi or Qi (the vital force of the human body).
- It is the great purifier of body and mind.
- Tattoos: areas of skin were pierced with two needles held close together and the perforations were then rubbed with soot from frankincense gum to make a permanent mark.
- In all the Middle East, frankincense is one of the most prominent fragrances. Wooden fumigating tripods are used to perfume and fumigate clothing. A special incense burner is placed at the base and clothes are layered above.
- Distilled and extracted to yield essential oil, resinoid, and absolute. Valued for its distinct oriental notes as well as fixative qualities. In Oman a very costly perfume is now prepared using these aromatic oils. It is called Amourage and enjoys and international reputation.
- Used to prepare a hair oil which helped fix the hair tight against the head and give it a gleaming appearance.
- A special talcum powder is prepared using frankincense, spices and ammonium salts to perfume and soften the skin.
- Visitors are often offered bowls of burning frankincense in Dhofar. The men waft the smoke about their beard, head and chest, while women perfume their headshawls and in less formal gatherings, stand over the bowl holding their dress closed at the neck to trap the fragrant smoke inside.
- Frankincense is a wonderful aid to meditation and spiritual practice. It is associated with the third eye chakra and aids in "opening the doors of perception to transcendence".
Burning of Boswellia resin as incense has been part of religious and cultural ceremonies for millennia and is believed to contribute to the spiritual exaltation associated with such events. RESEARCH ON PLANTS ELICITING psychoactive effects, such as Cannabis sativa, Papaver species, and Nicotiana tabacum, has provided important insights into neurochemical processes and diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) (1) . Psychoactive plant drugs have also played a major role in religious customs in many ancient cultures, as they exert a profound effect on human consciousness, emotions and cognition. Notable examples of plants that were used in religious rituals are the mythological Aryan soma, Ipomoea linnaeus (the source of South American ololiuqui), Cannabis sativa, Salvia divinorum (the source of divinorin) (2) , Nicotiana tabacum (3) , and several Boswellia species. The resin of Boswellia species (Burseraceae; "frankincense" and "olibanum") is mentioned in numerous ancient texts as incense by itself or as a major component of incense (4) . In the ancient Middle East, Boswellia resin was considered a highly precious commodity, carried in caravans from sub-Sahara regions, where it is still a major export product (5) . In ancient Egypt, incense burning signified a manifestation of the presence of the gods and a gratification to them. In ancient Judea, it was a central ceremony in the temple. The ancient Greeks used incense burning as an oblation. In Christendom, its use in worship has continued since the fourth or fifth century C.E (6) .
The psychoactivity of Boswellia was already recognized in ancient times. Dioscorides (first century C.E.) writes that it causes madness (7) . In the Jewish Talmud (300–600 C.E.), Boswellia resin is mentioned as a potion (in wine) given to prisoners condemned to death to "benumb the senses" (8) . In Ethiopia, where Boswellia trees are indigenous, it is believed to have a tranquilizing effect .
In view of the prolonged use of Boswellia, its historical importance, and its significance in cultural and religious rituals along with its purported pharmacological effects, we investigated the biochemical profile and psychoactivity of purified components of Boswellia resin. We assumed that the spiritual exaltation caused by incense burning in religious ceremonies would be enhanced by putative pharmacological effects of its constituents, particularly on the conductors of the ceremonies, who presumably inhale large amounts of smoke. We are unaware of any attempt to identify constituents with an effect on sensation or emotion. Menon and Kar (10) have reported that an ether extract of Boswellia serrata resin produces analgesic and sedative effects in rats, but the compounds causing these effects have not been isolated.
We examined Boswellia extract for the presence of novel bioactive components and isolated incensole acetate (IA) as a major active constituent of Boswellia resin.
- In Dhofar visitors are offered bowls of burning incense. Men waft the smoke about their beards, chest, and heads. Women perfume their head shawls and in less formal circumstances stand over the brazier and trap the smoke under their gowns rendering themselves odiferous.
- A very special grade of frankincense is kept in special containers for important occasions. One of these is the when children have to recite long passages from the Holy Qur'an. The night before the examination several of the precious frankincense pearls are soaked in water with iron. The first thing in the morning the child to be examined drinks the liquid which is said to improve the memory and improve chances of success.
- Frankincense is burned when people swear an oath. It is also burned at the shrines of revered holy men.
- It is burned at wedding and religious occasions. Said to keep away all evil influences and attract wholesome ones.
- Clay and wooden water vessels are regularly purified with frankincense smoke. After being cleaned and scrubbed frankincense burners are lowered into them and the vessels sealed so that the smoke thoroughly permeates the vessels. As soon as the burners are removed fresh water is poured in and the vessels once again thoroughly covered.
- Byzantine Church Style Incense begins with pure frankincense tears, imported botanical extracts, & fragrant wood resins. Pure frankincense resin is ground into a fine powder, which is then saturated with rich fragrant oil. Kneading this mixture by hand, it is brought to a dough-like consistency. It is then time for the rolling and cutting of the incense. The monks begin their work with prayer, and continue to pray as they roll and cut the incense. The grains of incense now covered with the finest fire-purified clay powder to mitigate the stickiness of the mixture, are cured for a minimum of 30 days. This cured incense, rich in fragrance is then prayerfully prepared and packaged.
- Almost every Church incense contains frankincense, sourced from Somalia and Eritrea, 'because Omani frankincense is too fragrant', said Father Thomas. He explained how church incense is created today: 'I take the frankincense crystals and grind them to powder in a coffee grinder. Then I weigh out the powder and measure the oils according to the formula ratio. I mix them up and roll them into a large "sausage", which is kept in the refrigerator for two to three days, to help the crystals re-form. Then I chop it into four, warm the segments gently, and roll them out thinner and thinner. With scissors, I cut them into tiny pellets. These are left on trays for six months to dry out. Finally, I bag them up with clay powder, to prevent them sticking together.
Derived from the Old French "franc encens", meaning pure incense or, more literally, free lighting NOUN : An aromatic gum resin obtained from African and Asian trees of the genus Boswellia and used chiefly as incense and in perfumes.
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English, free, from Old French franc, from Late Latin Francus, Frank.
NOUN : 1. a. An aromatic substance, such as wood or a gum, that is burned to produce a pleasant odor. b. The smoke or odor produced by the burning of such a substance.
3. Flattering or fawning attention; homage.
2. To burn incense to, as a ritual offering.
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English encens, from Old French, from Latin incensum, from neuter past participle of incendere, to set on fire.
2. INCENDIARY, INCENSE; from Latin compound incendere, to set fire to, kindle from transitive candere, to kindle.
Frankincense is now becoming an endangered botanical and there is conscious effort to preserve this precious harvest. It needs to be protected from over harvesting, camels and the animal herds of nomadic tribes.
One of the four World Heritage Sites inscribed by UNESCO as The Land of Frankincense is Wadi Dhowkah. It is classified as a 'frankincense natural park', and was selected because 0f its comparative density 0f trees and the vicinity 0f the National Highway from Salalah to Muscat. About twenty-five kilometres north of Salalah, the flat wadi drains to the north behind north-facing cliffs, sheltered from the monsoon. This is ideal for the production of high-quality incense.
Today practically all of the commercially available frankincense comes from Somalia which is lower quality and less expensive . Omani frankincense still exists but usually only in the local souk (market) where it is available to locals and tourists. The Omani Government exports only limited amounts and it is left to individual companies to revive this ancient trade of Omani frankincense - the finest available.
It is accepted that Hougary frankincense from Dhofar is the highest quality available in the world and we are proud to make it available to our customers . It is in almost all of our incense blends. We know it is an aromatic experience that will draw you back again and again.
like flowers in a garden.
"Accompany your prayer with perfume and your words will reach God transported by an odorous exhalation telling him of your gratitude and devotion"
"Frankincense, myrrh, cassia, cinnamon, and labdanum grow in Arabia alone of all countries. ... Over the trees that bear frankincense winged snakes stand guard, small in size and varied in appearance, a mass of them about each tree"
(Herodotus 3.107; 5th cent.BC; transl. by L.Casson).
"Incense is most pleasing to God," she said, adding more crystals.


All sales are final as each order placed is custom made for each customer after the order is received. We do not have a warehouse or keep an inventory, therefore we, unfortunately, do not accept returns or issue refunds. However, if there is a defect with the order. we will offer a replacement (same product, same size) if the defect is reported via email ([email protected] ) within 30 days. We do not accept returns or replacements in the case where the customer needs a smaller/larger size or a different color.
Once you have clicked on the "complete order" button, unfortunately, it is not possible to edit or cancel your order. However, if you need to change some parameters, like addresses, etc., please contact via email [email protected] as soon as possible. We are not bound to make such modifications in your order, but we will do our best on a case-by-case basis.
Sharp Dream is an online store that operates with custom print fulfillment services. It is the customer's responsibility to file any claim with a carrier for a lost shipment if carrier tracking indicates that the package was delivered. Unfortunately, in such case, the operator of custom print fulfilment services will not make any refunds and will not resend the Product.
(b) Sharp Dream receives a submitted complaint ([email protected]) within 30 days from the day the product was delivered to the customer.
Wrong Address – If you provide an address that is considered insufficient by the courier, the shipment will be returned to the operator of custom print fulfilment services (in US or EU depending on the particular order ). You will be liable for reshipment costs once we have confirmed an updated address with you.
Unclaimed – Shipments that go unclaimed are returned to the operator of custom print fulfilment services facility (in US or EU depending on the particular order ) you will be liable for the cost of a reshipment to you.
Returned by Customer – It is best to first contact [email protected] before returning ANY product. This is because the return address on your invoice is of the operator of custom print fulfilment services facility (in US or EU depending on the particular order ) and they do not offer any refund orders for buyer's remorse, or for size exchanges as each order is custom made for each customer. Therefore, a new order would need to be placed for an updated size.


text:
'Big Brother' Amazon targeted in fight with Mukesh Ambani over Kishore Biyani's Future
If Future is allowed to renege on its contract with Amazon, it may signal to global investors that investments in India are risky, the U.S. company alleges. That is an inconvenient image at a time when Prime Minister Narendra Modi needs foreign investment to create jobs and reboot an economy pummeled by the pandemic.
A battle between Amazon.com Inc. and Reliance Industries Ltd. to dominate India's $1 trillion consumer market is stoking nationalist rhetoric in a courtroom and outside, as the two companies tussle over the future of a distressed local retailer.
At the center of the case is Amazon's efforts to block Reliance's planned purchase of Future Group's assets, saying the Indian retailer violated a contract by agreeing to a sale to a rival controlled by billionaire Mukesh Ambani. The Delhi High Court is now weighing if the U.S. e-commerce giant has any legal basis to object to the transaction and a ruling is expected in weeks.
The legal spat has not only revealed the intensity of the fight between two of the world's richest men -- Jeff Bezos and Ambani -- but has also sparked a "foreign versus local" debate. A lawyer for Future, in his argument, painted Amazon as the "Big Brother in America" out to crush a small local company, while a retailer lobby group declared its "support to Indian company Future Group in its fight against Foreign Amazon."
For its part, Amazon wants Indian courts and regulators to enforce a business contract in what it views as a commercial dispute. If Future is allowed to renege on its contract with Amazon, it may signal to global investors that investments in India are risky, the U.S. company alleges. That is an inconvenient image at a time when Prime Minister Narendra Modi needs foreign investment to create jobs and reboot an economy pummeled by the pandemic.
The stakes are high for both Amazon and Reliance. Securing Future's assets will give Reliance, already India's biggest retailer, an unparalleled edge in a market where most of the consumers still prefer shopping in stores. That's an advantage Amazon is not willing to cede. Nor is Amazon willing to be upstaged by nationalistic arguments after losing ground to home-grown rivals in China. India, with its billion-plus consumers, is effectively the last big growth frontier.
Ambani, 63, has been playing the nationalist card as well. The tycoon, who's been warning against data colonization since 2018, often presents Reliance as a homegrown champion and its telecommunications, retail and digital ventures as nation-building initiatives.
Vocal for Local
This week, Reliance Retail introduced the "Indie" and "Swadesh" -- meaning from one's own country -- taglines on its e-commerce websites to promote indigenous handicrafts and textiles, dovetailing with Modi's call to be "Vocal for Local." In a key May speech, Modi mentioned "self-reliance" at least 17 times during a 33-minute address to the nation.
In August, Reliance announced the $3.4 billion purchase of the indebted Future Group that was straining under a severe cash crunch triggered by the coronavirus-led slump. Amazon, which holds a 49% stake in an unlisted Future Group entity, objected to this transaction and secured an order from a Singapore arbitration court that temporarily put the asset sale on hold. Future petitioned against this freeze-order in the Delhi High Court.
East India Co.
Harish Salve, the celebrity lawyer representing listed Future Retail Ltd., told the court that Amazon was behaving "like the East India Company of the 21st century." Amazon's stand is "either you do business with me or you shut down," he said, stressing that an aborted asset sale deal will lead to thousands of job losses and bankruptcy.
The East India Company -- formed by a group of British merchants who arrived in India in the 17th century to trade in spices and ended up colonizing the country for centuries -- has been an unpleasant memory in Indian history. This emotive reference marks the latest Indian versus outsider dispute this year that also saw Google face pushback from Indian startups and over 200 apps from Chinese technology companies being banned following a military clash along the Indo-China border.
"Amazon has no investment in Future Retail," Salve said in court. "Reliance wants to buy, but I have to ask Big Brother in America?" he said, asking if an overseas firm should be allowed to control an Indian company's business dealings.
Amazon's lawyer Gopal Subramanium, India's former attorney general, countered that the American e-tailer was no Big Brother or East India Company and had in fact introduced Future Retail to a prospective investor to ease its distress. Amazon has created thousands of jobs and invested $6.5 billion in India so far, he said.
Reliance's lawyer has argued that the Singapore arbitration tribunal's emergency order halting the transaction isn't recognized by Indian law and the deal is crucial to save the retailer from collapse.
These arguments in court were prompted by a Future Group legal petition after Amazon had written to India's market and antitrust regulators apprising them of the Singapore arbitration order of an interim stay.
Amazon suffered its first setback in the case last week, when the antitrust regulator, Competition Commission of India, approved the Reliance-Future deal. Earlier, Reliance said it intends to complete the transaction "without any delay."
--With assistance from Upmanyu Trivedi.
Reliance Retail
Most Read in Corporate
French IT firm Atos makes $10 billion DXC takeover approach: Sources


Holly's life changes the moment she steps foot into his classroom.
Set in Daytona Beach and spanning two semesters of college, is the story of bright, young student, Holly Kerr, her beautiful Professor Kelley Nicolo and the forbidden games they play when they fall in love … despite his marriage and their vast differences.
Or maybe they're more alike than they realize. Souls searching day and night, never resting … flyaways lost and looking for a place to land.
The Flyaways is a 30,000 word novella.


text:
This Is Voter Terrorism
Don't yield to Kris Kobach.
Damn, this story from The Colorado Independent makes me pig-bitin' mad, as the great Ed Anger used to say in the Weekly World News. This is polite bureaucratic terrorism at its most damaging.
Since Monday, according to official counts, the office has seen 270 of its voters cancel their registration. About 70 have asked for confidential status, in which they sign an affidavit saying they feel their safety is at risk. That is a seismic boom for an office that typically sees just a handful of such asks each week— if that, says Mircalla Wozniak, an elections division spokeswoman. The sticky notes in Boulder, since taken away by recycling, are the fluttering physical sign of a stark reality following a week that swept this state's election officials into a swirl of controversy.
This is precisely how terrorism works. You scare people out of exercising their freedom. Since the Republicans went all in on voter suppression—up to and including the declaration by Chief Justice John Roberts of the Day of Jubilee in Shelby County—this is what people like Kris Kobach, and his acolyte, Wayne Williams, have been aiming for. (Williams is one of the secretaries of state who has fully complied with Kobach's fraudulent committee's requests for voter data. Colorado is a purple state trending heavily blue. This is not a coincidence.) Tell me how this is different than shaking someone down.
Voters who fear their personal information heading to the hands of an administration they don't trust have looked to a voter version of life hacks to thwart it. Election officials across the state are reporting a spike in voters requesting confidential status. Others are unregistering altogether with plans to sign back up after July 14 when Williams sends Colorado's voter data to the feds. "There's confusion, there's hysteria," says Amber McReynolds, the director of elections in Denver. In the past week her office has been flooded with calls and foot traffic. Denver has seen a 2,150 percent increase in voters cancelling their registration in recent days. There were 180 on July 6 alone. "In over 12 years of administering elections I never expected to see a day in the office where we would have more withdrawals than new registrations— and that happened yesterday," she told The Colorado Independent. "So, it's real."
True, the story says that many of these people will sign back up again when the Kobach threat is over, but that doesn't mitigate the damage. People have died for this right, and not just in the military overseas, either. Stop doing this. They win if you do. You can't self-deport from self-government. It's a bigger betrayal than even Kris Kobach ever conceived.
What Do the Russians \'Have\' on the Trump Family?
Respond to this post on the Esquire Politics Facebook page.
This Week in Voter Suppression
It's a Voter Suppression Festival in the States
The Worst of Trump's Assault on Democracy
The Voters Are Rising Up Against the Thieves
Kris Kobach's Voter Fraud Commission is a Fraud
George Will Joins The Voter Suppression Debate


Worksheet Design: 40 Civil War Worksheets For Kids Image Ideas. 4th Grade Civil War Lesson Plans. Free Civil War Worksheets For Kids Games Printable. Civil War Worksheets Grade 3 Printable. American Civil War Worksheets For Kids Free Download. South After The Civil War.
Friday 14th, December 2018 14:24:45: PM, Worksheet Design.
Thoughts on 40 Civil War Worksheets For Kids Image Ideas?


text:
Home » Moisture maintenance
Moisture maintenance
Source: Adobe Stock
By Donna Berry
Not only has the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic changed the way consumers shop, cook and eat at home, it's completely overhauled grab-and-go and institutional foodservice, putting increased demands on food integrity. This includes fully cooked meat and poultry products, such as the slices in the pre-made packaged sandwich, the strips in ready-to-eat salads and the cubes in snack packs.
It is acceptable, in fact to some consumers it's inviting, to see fully cooked packaged meat and poultry sold at retail having some juice on the surface. This visually communicates the product is moist and tender. Sitting in juices is not appealing, especially in partitioned salad bowls or in a multi-package salad kit.
The same is true with the growing number of varied meat-containing snack packs in the market. Excess liquid may be associated with product breakdown, even spoilage.
Packaged sandwiches have always been challenged, as it is paramount that the meat does not make the bread soggy through moisture migration. At the same time, the meat should not easily dry out, particularly around the edges that are on display at time of purchase. The demand for such sandwiches has skyrocketed, especially in the convenience-store channel and coffee shops. Hospital cafeterias and university dining halls that previously had build-a-sandwich bars have turned to pre-made options, complete with meat, cheese, lettuce, tomato and condiments.
Food manufacturers and commissaries are responding with increased options of all types of packaged convenience meat-containing products. Vacuum refrigerated packaging may assist with ensuring product integrity, possibly even extending shelf life a few days. In some instances, including a moisture absorber in the package is helpful; however, this must be done carefully so that it is clearly labeled as being inedible.
One of the first places to start with managing moisture in such packaged products is during the preparation and cooking of the meat and poultry component. Moisture binders enhance the ability of protein fibers to bond with water. This tenderizes the meat and increases its weight, thus improving yield and contributing to positive economics for the processor.
With fully cooked products, bound moisture may improve ease-of-use. That is because moisture binders improve sliceability in deli meats by increasing firmness, which enables faster slicing and a higher percentage of intact slices. The same is true with cubing or dicing meat for finger-food in snack packs and salads.
Ingredient toolbox
There are many moisture-enhancing ingredients in the marketplace. Use, including forms and addition levels, is regulated by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Before selecting an ingredient system, a product developer should determine if there are any labeling restrictions, e.g., organic, natural, uncured, etc., as well as the target finished product moisture content after cooking and over shelf life. This includes knowing the intended use of the meat. If it's going in a sandwich or on a pre-made salad or snack pack, that moisture needs to be bound tightly.
Phosphates have long been used as cost-effective tools to bind moisture in meat processing, in particular with whole muscle intended for fully cooked deli-style meats and comminuted products. Phosphates are "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which shares responsibility with the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of USDA when it comes to ingredients intended for meat and poultry. It is the latter that regulates usage of the ingredients in specific applications. Such GRAS ingredients include substances considered harmless under prescribed conditions.
Phosphates have been embraced by meat and poultry processors for years and will continue to be used for their powerful and economical functional properties. Many processors, however, are eliminating such chemical-sounding ingredients from product formulations. It is possible, but with some shortcomings, namely higher prices and reduced shelf life.
Label-reading consumers may find this surprising, but phosphates are naturally derived ingredients. They are obtained from mined phosphate rock, which is the element phosphorus combined with metal cations, such as potassium and sodium. They are one of the building blocks of all life, with every living cell – plant and human – requiring it. Most fertilizers include phosphorus, even those certified organic. Some phosphates, albeit not those typically used in meat and poultry, are included on the list of the 5% of nonorganic ingredients allowed in organic certified foods.
Processors rely on an array of phosphates for different functions. They differ in solubility and their impact on finished product pH, which influences selection in an application. Limited solubility, for example, may result in phosphate precipitation in processed meats after cooking and chilling. This may produce gritty texture.
Phosphates basically work by raising the pH of meat, which causes protein fibers to unfold, opening up the protein structure. Once opened, phosphates and water bind with protein molecules.
The pH of phosphates can range from about 5 to more than 10, but most are at neutral pH 7 or higher. Neutral and acidic phosphates may enhance desirable cured color. The more acidic the phosphate, the lower its water-binding capacity. More alkaline phosphates will raise the pH of the meat, which increases the muscle's water-holding capacity.
As mentioned, there are many forms of phosphates, each possessing unique functionalities. Most are linear molecules and contain a single phosphate (ortho), two phosphates (pyro) or three or more phosphates (poly). There are also metaphosphates, which are composed of several phosphates in a ring-shape structure. Processors will often use blends of phosphates to achieve specific finished product attributes.
Processors need to be aware that most phosphates are sodium based; thus, if reducing sodium content is a concern, it might make sense to opt for potassium phosphates, when available. However, because potassium often contributes bitter notes, there may be an impact on flavor. Regardless of type, phosphates tend to be self-limiting, as too much negatively impacts flavor and quality. Nevertheless, USDA limits the amount of phosphate that can be used in meat and poultry to 8 oz per 100 lbs of product.
Phosphates are permitted in whole muscle bone-in and boneless products. The application of phosphates for whole-muscle products is by injection, vacuum or static marination. For ground and comminuted systems such as sausages, hot dogs, bologna and meatballs, phosphates are applied in a dry or in solution form.
Substitute ingredients
Carrageenan, a seaweed extract, is also a traditional water binder in fully cooked meat products, most notably ham and poultry. There are three types of carrageenan classified by seaweed source, which influences its performance. Kappa carrageenan, for example, is the form typically used in meat processing, as it forms a strong, brittle-like gel that improves sliceability, lowers cook loss, decreases purge loss and enhances texture.
Two years ago, Applegate, Bridgewater, NJ, started removing carrageenan from its poultry deli meat varieties because of growing consumer concerns regarding its safety. Some studies suggest it is highly inflammatory and toxic to the digestive tract.
Nothing has changed in the regulatory world in terms of its safety and use in foods. In fact, being plant derived, it's allowed in vegan foods, and in the United States, it can be included in organic foods, too.
The company switched to organic potato starch as a clean label water-binding ingredient. Potato starch has a low gelatinization temperature and it swells fast. This, combined with its bland flavor and neutral color, make it very adaptable to fully cooked meat applications.
Potato starch is one of many hydrocolloids that offer simpler labeling. Native waxy rice starch is another. It improves yields in both phosphate and phosphate-free products.
In a phosphate-free system for chicken, for example, rice starch increased yield seven percentage points higher than the control. In a phosphate-containing system, there was even greater impact, as much as 18 percentage points over the control.
These benefits are due to the structure of amylopectin and its ratio to amylose in rice starch. The configuration ensures that there is very low retrogradation, enabling water retention to be maintained after the poultry has been packed.
Citrus fiber ingredients are another option. Derived from various citrus plants, the ingredient contains both insoluble and soluble fiber, which contains natural intact pectin. This contributes to its high water-binding and emulsification properties. Fine grades are made for injections while coarser ingredients are more suited for ground and comminuted meat products.
Other fruit-derived ingredients have water-binding properties, too. Ingredients made of prune plums, for example, accomplish this because of their high sorbitol and pectin content. Sorbitol is a slow-metabolizing sugar alcohol that is also hygroscopic, which means it attracts moisture. Fresh plum concentrate can be added to a brine or marinade and then injected into or vacuum-tumbled with whole-muscle meat. Dried plum powder can be massaged on the exterior of whole-muscle meat to reduce purge. The same powder, as well as dried plum puree, can be added to sausages for moisture binding.
Honey may also assist with binding water, while contributing a desirable sweet flavor, and depending on the honey, some color. There are important considerations when working with honey in product development, as honey contains enzymes that can break down other ingredients in a formulation, impacting the finished product. Honey varies in color, flavor and even consistency, based on the flower from which worker bees extract nectar that eventually becomes honey. The colors of honey form a continuous range from water white to dark amber. Light-colored honey typically has a mild flavor, while a darker color is more intense. This can be used to provide signature color and flavor to meat and poultry products.
Honey is also about as clean label as an ingredient gets. But if clean label is not a priority, modified starches are an option, with or without phosphates. They bind moisture, provide heat and shear stability, extend shelf life and improve freeze/thaw stability and texture.
Like carrageenan, other gums may be used to immobilize water. Gums react with the polar part of protein, forming hydrogen bonds with free water and creating a gel. Xanthan gum, for example, is a hydrocolloid produced through bacterial fermentation. It binds water and emulsifies fully cooked meats, while also stabilizing color and flavor.
Most moisture-enhancing ingredients are multi-functional, which is why it's not a one-size-fits-all product development platform. Knowing your end-product goals is critical for success. When adding any type of water binder to meat and poultry, it is best to start at a low-use level and then slowly increase addition, as needed, to the maximum allowed. If levels are too high in a product, it may develop a soft, gummy texture or even a slimy surface. This is highly undesirable in packaged convenience meats, even more so than being wet.
Ingredients Meat Processing Poultry Processing
KEYWORDS ingredient meat poultry
Why moisture matters for meat
Maintaining moisture
Cargill to temporarily halt production at two beef plants


In order to put together this list of our top choices in the used car market, we prioritized the most important criteria: reliability, safety, value and availability. Eligibility is limited to autos from 2-7 years old for the following reasons: Older vehicles will probably have too many miles on them, and newer ones will not have totally taken the large depreciation hit that typically makes a 2 or 3 year old car the good value. For these reasons, our list is limited to used cars for sale by owner with model years ranging from 2006-11.
The following vehicles are our selections for the best used vehicles of 2013.
This selection includes two generations of the Subaru Outback wagon. The earlier of the two (2005-09) offered a wide variety of trim levels, and engine choices included a 170-hp base four-cylinder, a 243-hp turbocharged four-cylinder and a 245-hp six-cylinder. All-wheel drive was standard on every Outback, which is a real asset for shoppers in the Snowbelt. These Subaru cars (Outbacks) were also known for their solid build quality and well-balanced ride and handling qualities.
In addition to its radically different styling, the later-generation Subaru Outback wagon (2010-'11) has more passenger and cargo room within a similar footprint thanks to its increased height and width.
Ever since its debut back in 2001 as one of the first midsize crossovers, the Used Toyota Highlander has offered pleasant driving dynamics, a comfortable ride and plenty of cargo capacity. Of course, consumers have also been attracted to Toyota's longstanding reputation for reliability and low upkeep costs and, on Highlanders equipped with all-wheel drive, the confidence to handle foul-weather driving conditions.
Either of the two generations represented here (2001-'07 and 2008-'13) are solid picks. The third row became standard for 2008, and for 2011, it gained a more useful 50/50-split folding design. A hybrid Highlander joined the lineup for the 2006 model year and combined a V6 engine with a battery pack and a couple of electric motors to provide both solid acceleration and class-leading fuel economy.
The larger, second-generation Toyota (Highlander) does have a few significant advantages, however, among them a roomier cabin (which is especially noticeable in the third-row seat), a more powerful V6 and some handy new features, including a 40/20/40-split second-row seat with a removable middle section that can be stowed to provide "walk-through" access to the third row.
If you liked this article and you simply would like to be given more info regarding Click here for more information nicely visit http://www.edmunds.com/car-reviews/best-used-cars-2013.html.


text:
dewey-ones:"910 - Geography & travel" author_facet:"Anson, George Anson"
Showing 1 - 20 of 30 Search: '', query time: 0.03s
A voyage round the world in the years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. by George Anson, Esq; commander in chief of a squadron of His Majesty's ships, sent upon an expedition to the South-Se...
by Anson, George Anson
printed for John and Paul Knapton, in Ludgate-Street
A voyage round the world in the years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. by George Anson, Esq; now Lord Anson, Commander in Chief of a Squadron of His Majesty's Ships, sent upon an Expedition...
printed for the author; by John and Paul Knapton, in Ludgate-Street
A voyage round the world in the years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. By George Anson, Esq; Afterwards Lord Anson, Commander in Chief of A Squadron of his Majesty's Ships, Sent upon an Exp...
printed for H. Woodfall, W. Bowyer, W. Strahan, J. Rivington, R. Baldwin, Hawes, Clarke and Collins, R. Horsfield, W. Johnston, S. Crowder, Johnson and Payne, Robinson and Roberts, T. Lowndes, and T. Cadell
printed for T. Osborne, H. Woodfall, W. Bowyer, A. Millar, W. Strahan, J. Rivington, R. Baldwin, L. Hawes and Co. R. Horsfield, and S.Crowder
A voyage round the world in the years M DCC XL, I, II, III, IV. By George Anson, Esq; Commander in Chief of a Squadron of His Majesty's Ships, sent upon an Expedition to the South-...
A voyage round the world in the years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV, by George Anson, Esq; afterwards Lord Anson, Commander in Chief of a Squadron of His Majesty's Ships, sent upon an Exp...
printed for W. Bowyer and J. Nichols, W. Strahan, J. F. and C. Rivington, T. Davies, L. Hawes and Co. R. Horsfield, T. Becket, T. Lowndes, S. Crowder, J. Knox, T. Cadell, W. Otridge, G. Robinson, R. Baldwin, W. Woodfall, and E. Johnston
A voyage round the world, in the years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV By George Anson, Esq; now Lord Anson, commander in chief of a squadron of His Majesty's ships, sent upon an expedition...
A voyage round the world, in the years M, DCC, XL, I, II, III, IV by George Anson, Esq; now Lord Anson, Commander in Chief of a squadron of His Majesty's ships, sent upon an expedi...
printed for J. & M. Robertson, and J. & W. Shaw
A voyage round the world in the year MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. By George Anson, Esq; Commander in Chief of a Squadron of His Majesty's Ships, sent upon an Expedition to the South-Sea...
printed for G. and A. Ewing, at the Angel and Bible in Dame-Street
[printed for T. Osborne and J. Shipton, D. Browne, J. Hodges, W. Bowyer, W. Strahan, H. S. Cox, J. Ward, R. Baldwin, and S. Crowder and H. Woodgate. [and 6 more in London]
A voyage round the world In the years M,DCC,XL, I, II, III, IV. By George Anson, Esq; now Lord Anson, Commander in Chief of a squadron of His Majesty's ships, sent upon an expediti...
printed and sold by J. Wilson
A voyage round the world, in the years M,DCC,XL, I, II, III, IV By George Anson, Esq; late Lord Anson, Commander in Chief of a squadron of his Majesty's ships, sent upon an expedit...
printed and sold by John Boyle
A voyage round the world, in the years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV By George Anson, Esq; commander in chief of a squadron of His Majesty's ships, sent upon an expedition to the South-Se...
Thomas Ewing
A voyage round the world in the years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. By George Anson, ... Compiled from his papers and materials, by Richard Walter
[printed for W. Strahan, J. Rivington and Sons, J. Robson, G. Robinson, T. Lowndes [and 9 others in London]
A voyage round the world in the years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. By George Anson, Commander in Chief of a Squadron of His Majesty's Ships, sent upon an Expedition to the South-Seas. C...
printed for T. Osborne, D. Browne, C. Hitch and L. Hawes, W. Bowyer, A. Millar, H. Wood-Fall, W. Strahan, J. Rivington, R. Baldwin, and S. Crowder and Co
A voyage round the world in the years M,DCC,XL,I, II, III, IV, by George Anson, Esq; now Lord Anson, Commander in Chief of a Squadron of his Majesty's Ships, sent upon an Expeditio...
printed by John Wilson
A voyage round the world in the years M,DCC,XL, I, II, III, IV. By George Anson, Esq; Late Lord Anson, Commander in Chief of a Squadron of his Majesty's Ships, sent upon an Expedit...
printed by Alex. Weir, and sold by him at his Shop near the Cross
Classification: 910 - Geography & travel Author: Anson, George Anson
30 Eighteenth Century Collections Online / ECCO
Anson, George Anson
https://ebooks.mpdl.mpg.de/ebooks/Search/Results?filter%5B%5D=dewey-ones%3A%22910+-+Geography+%26+travel%22&filter%5B%5D=author_facet%3A%22Anson%2C+George+Anson%22&type=AllFields


text:
Ryad Benchikha est un footballeur algérien né le  à Béjaïa. Il évoluait au poste d'attaquant.

Biographie

Ryad Benchikha évolue avec le MC Alger, l'USM El-Harrach, la JS Kabylie, et la JSM Béjaïa.

Il dispute avec Béjaïa 46 matchs en première division algérienne, inscrivant deux buts, entre 2002 et 2004. Ses statistiques d'avant 2002 ne sont pas connues.

Après avoir raccroché les crampons, il déménage en France, à Lyon. Il entraîne notamment l'équipe des U9 et des U11 de Perrache.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en mars 1975
Naissance à Béjaïa
Footballeur algérien
Joueur du MC Alger
Joueur de l'USM El Harrach
Joueur de la JS Kabylie
Joueur de la JSM Béjaïa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Вильгельм Кноп (; 28 июня 1817, Альтенау, королевство Ганновер, — 28 января 1891, Лейпциг, Германская империя) — немецкий агрохимик.

Биография

После окончания обучения в университетах в Гёттингене и Гейдельберге поступил (1847) преподавателем в Лейпцигскую коммерческую школу и приват-доцентом в университет (1853). С 1856 года заведовал опытной сельскохозяйственной станцией вблизи Лейпцига, продемонстрировав научную важность и практическую полезность такой структуры. С 1863 года профессор Лейпцигского университета. Своими научными работами в специальной лаборатории и подготовкой к учёной деятельности многочисленных слушателей серьёзно помог быстрому развитию агрономической химии.

Основные сочинения Кнопа — «Справочник химических методов» (, 1859), «Круговорот веществ: Учебник агрохимии» (, 1868) и «Оценка пахотной земли» (, 1872; русский перевод в 1877).

Примечания

Литература

Агрономы Германии
Химики Германии
Химики XIX века
Агрохимики Германии
Профессора Лейпцигского университета
Члены Саксонской академии наук


Choice of ranch, bleu cheese, or house dressing.
Served with sour cream or ranch.
Come try the best Pizza in Mesquite. Mimi's Pizza delivers to the Mesquite area. We're located near 635 and highway 80 off Galloway ave.