Relax, breathe deep, and let your smile grow till it reaches from ear to ear.
When I was creating this piece of art, I played with color and shapes and kept everything outside "the box." I often like it better that way. There is usually a "walking through mud" day as I smoosh the paint around, and I wonder what the heck I think I am doing. But I know the glory is right around the corner, so I continue on a well-worn path. And then it happened, I saw the blue fish! There he was looking up at me and swimming right along. And then my smile began to grow, and grew till it reached my ears. Oh, yes! There was the glory and the joy and the fun of it all. Who can explain that?


MicroRNA (miRNA) are diverse in sequence and have a single known sequence bias: they tend to start with uridine (U).
Our analyses of fly, worm and mouse miRNA sequence data reveal that the 5′-U is recognized after miRNA production. Only one of the two strands can be assembled into Argonaute protein from a single miRNA/miRNA* molecule: in fly embryo lysate, a 5′-U promotes miRNA loading while decreasing the loading of the miRNA*.
We suggest that recognition of the 5′-U enhances Argonaute loading by a mechanism distinct from its contribution to weakening base pairing at the 5′-end of the prospective miRNA and, as recently proposed in Arabidopsis and in humans, that it improves miRNA precision by excluding incorrectly processed molecules bearing other 5′-nt.
MicroRNA (miRNA) are approximately 22-nt regulatory RNA that direct members of the Argonaute protein family to their mRNA targets . Together, miRNA guide and the Argonaute protein form the core of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes its mRNA targets primarily through its seed sequence, nt 2 through nt 7 .
The RNase III enzymes Drosha and Dicer excise most animal miRNA from long primary transcripts (pri-miRNA). Drosha cleaves pri-miRNA to release an approximately 65-nt pre-miRNA; Dicer cleaves the pre-miRNA to liberate a miRNA/miRNA* duplex. The duplex is then loaded into an Argonaute protein. The geometry of the miRNA/miRNA* duplex during the loading reaction determines the fate of each small RNA: the miRNA binds tightly to Argonaute, with its 5′-nt anchored in a positively charged pocket in the Mid domain of the protein [3, 4]. The miRNA* assumes the same position as subsequent mRNA targets and is held to the complex predominantly by seed sequence base pairing. A seed sequence mismatch between the miRNA and its miRNA* is believed to promote miRNA* dissociation [5, 6]. A subset of Argonaute proteins can cleave the miRNA* if it is extensively paired to the miRNA, triggering its destruction [7–10]. The orientation of the duplex during Argonaute loading is not random: the miRNA is usually the strand with the less stably paired 5′-end in the duplex [11, 12]. Consequently, the duplex liberated by Dicer determines the identity of the miRNA.
miRNA sequences are diverse, and only one common sequence motif has been identified. Most miRNA begin with a 5′-uridine (5′-U). In plants, a 5′-U directs miRNA to AGO1, small RNA that begin with adenosine (A) load AGO2 and those that start with cytidine (C) load AGO5 [13–15]. Likewise, the 5′-nt of fly small RNA participates in sorting, with a 5′-U directing small RNA toward Ago1 and a 5′-C favoring Ago2 [16–19]. In mammals, the Mid domain of Ago2, the homolog of Drosophila Ago1, specifically recognizes a 5′-U or 5′-A , explaining why miRNA tend to start with those nucleotides, but fly and worm miRNA typically begin with 5′-U but not 5′-A. Moreover, small RNA sorting in flies and worms also reflects the secondary structure of the miRNA/miRNA* duplex, with centrally paired duplexes preferentially loaded into one Argonaute, - Ago2 in flies and RDE-1 in worms, - and duplexes bearing a central mismatch directed toward the major miRNA-binding Argonautes, - Ago1 in flies and the paralogous ALG-1/ALG-2 proteins in worms [5, 6, 17–19, 21–23].
We investigated the function of 5′-U in animal miRNA. Our statistical analyses of sequencing data from flies, worms and mice reveal that 5′-U is recognized after miRNA/miRNA* production by Dicer cleavage of the pre-miRNA. Our experimental results show that 5′-U facilitates loading of miRNA while decreasing loading of miRNA*, consistent with the view that only one of the two strands can be assembled from a single miRNA/miRNA* molecule. Our data support the view that 5′-U enhances RISC assembly by a mechanism distinct from its contribution to destabilizing base pairing at the 5′-end of miRNA. Similarly to what has been proposed in Arabidopsis thaliana and in Homo sapiens [13, 20], our data also suggest that recognition of the first miRNA nucleotide during loading may select against incorrectly processed molecules bearing 5′-nt other than 5′-U.
We used high-throughput sequencing data to examine the 5′-sequence bias of miRNA and miRNA*. miRNA are far more likely to begin with U in flies (P value <10-15), worms (P value <10-15) or mice (P value = 1.1 × 10-14) than would be expected from their general nucleotide composition (Figure 1, Additional file 1, Figure S1, and Additional file 2, Figure S2). Conversely, miRNA* were less likely than expected to begin with U in flies (P value = 0.0029), worms (P value = 0.017) or mice (P value = 0.0020).
Fly miRNA tend to start with U. Each miRNA or miRNA* isoform derived from a common pre-miRNA was weighted according to its abundance in the pooled deep-sequencing libraries, and the sequence composition analyses for all small RNA from different pre-miRNA that were read at least 100 times in the pooled libraries were weighted equally. Gray, nucleotide frequency at position 1; white, 100 sets of nucleotides randomly selected from nt 1-18 of the miRNA and miRNA* species to assess the overall nucleotide composition of miRNA and miRNA*. Each random set had the same size as the corresponding set of miRNA or miRNA* 5′-nt. P values measure the probability of picking a random set from nt 1-18 with the same nucleotide frequency as the actual set of 5′-nt.
In theory, a 5′-U might facilitate Drosha cleavage of the pri-miRNA or pre-miRNA export from the nucleus. Such a role for a 5′-U would be reflected in a greater likelihood of both miRNA and miRNA* derived from the 5′-arm of the pre-miRNA stem to begin with U compared to those residing in the 3′ arm. We compared the approximately 40% of fly, 35% of worm and 50% of mouse miRNA that reside in the 5′-arm of their pre-miRNA to their 3′ counterparts. Our analysis argues against a role for a 5′-U in Drosha processing or nuclear export. miRNA tend to start with a U, regardless of their position in the pre-miRNA (Figure 1, Additional file 1, Figure S1, and Additional file 2, Figure S2). Moreover, miRNA* sequences tend not to begin with U, even when they derive from the pre-miRNA 5′-arm. Our data similarly exclude a role for a 5′-U in cleavage of the pre-miRNA by Dicer, which would favor a 5′-U for miRNA and miRNA* derived from the 3′-arm.
To test whether 5′-U plays a role in assembling a miRNA into RISC, we separately evaluated the 5′-nt frequencies in flies of highly asymmetric duplexes (miRNA/miRNA* ≥10; 79 duplexes), moderately asymmetric duplexes (2 < miRNA/miRNA* < 10; 33 duplexes) and quasisymmetric duplexes (miRNA/miRNA* < 2; 10 duplexes). If the identity of the 5′-nt affects miRNA loading, then the most asymmetric miRNA should exhibit a higher 5′-U bias than the least asymmetric miRNA. Indeed, the most highly asymmetric miRNA have a higher frequency of 5′-U (79%) than moderately asymmetric miRNA (61%) or quasisymmetric miRNA and miRNA* (32%) (Figure 2), which is in line with the previously published observation that the most asymmetric human miRNA tend to be richer in 5′-U . Moreover, miRNA* strands from highly asymmetric duplexes have a significantly lower frequency of 5′-U (16.5%) than those from moderately asymmetric or quasisymmetric duplexes. In fact, miRNA* strands have a significantly lower frequency of U at their 5′-ends than across their entire sequence, while the frequency of an initial U was indistinguishable from the overall U frequency in miRNA* from moderately asymmetric or quasisymmetric duplexes.
Fly miRNA asymmetry correlates with the identity of the first nucleotide of the small RNA. miRNA/miRNA* duplexes were binned according to their asymmetry: highly asymmetric, miRNA/miRNA* ≥10 in the pooled deep-sequencing libraries; moderately asymmetric, 10 > miRNA/miRNA* ≥ 2; quasisymmetric: miRNA/miRNA* <2; and analyzed as in Figure 1.
Strikingly, the most asymmetric miRNA also exhibit a lower than expected frequency of 5′-A (Figure 2, top left), whereas the thermodynamic stability rule would have predicted a high frequency of both U and A. This observation suggests that 5′-nt identity, not just thermodynamic asymmetry, contributes to the differential loading of miRNA and miRNA* in vivo.
Several studies have proposed that a U at the 5′-end of a small RNA directly promotes its loading into Ago1 in flies [18, 19, 25, 26]. We measured the effect of initial nucleotide identity on the efficiency of loading of the miR-2a/miR-2a-1* duplex in Drosophila embryo lysate. To avoid altering the thermodynamic stability of the 5′-ends of the duplex, we designed them so that changing the 5′-nt preserved the pattern and strength of base pairing. To measure the association of miR-2a and miR-2a-1* with mature RISC, we assembled RISC in Drosophila embryo lysate using a duplex in which one strand was 5′-32P-radiolabeled, then captured the radiolabeled strand using a complementary 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotide tethered to a magnetic bead (Figure 3). Labeling either the miRNA or the miRNA* strand (always capturing RISC with an oligonucleotide complementary to the labeled strand), we were able to quantify precisely both miRNA and miRNA* loading by scintillation counting. Ultraviolet cross-linking and RISC capture control experiments demonstrated that the amount of radioactivity captured minus the amount recovered when the duplex was incubated with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-inactivated lysate reflected the amount of single-stranded miRNA or miRNA* produced by assembly of Ago1 RISC (Additional file 3, Figure S3, and Additional file 4, Figure S4).
Identity of the first miRNA nucleotide affects duplex asymmetry. RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) loading of miRNA and miRNA* strands was measured after in vitro assembly. Data are reported as means ± standard deviation for three independent replicate experiments. (A) Swapping the terminal uridine:adenosine (U:A) pair of the miR-2a/miR-2a-1* duplex decreased miRNA loading and increased miRNA* loading. (B) The effect of the terminal A:U pair mainly reflects the identity of the first miRNA nucleotide, which affects both miRNA and miRNA* loading (C), whereas the identity of the facing miRNA* nucleotide has no detectable effect (D).
Both authentic miR-2a and miR-2a-1* begin with U; the 5′-U of miR-2a is paired to A19 of miR-2a-1*. Inverting this U:A base pair so that miR-2a began with A nearly halved the amount of miRNA assembled into RISC and more than doubled the amount of miR-2a-1* (Figure 3A). Thus, a change in the identity of the first nucleotide of the miRNA decreased the efficiency of assembly of the miRNA into RISC and increased assembly of the miRNA* while preserving the relative thermodynamic asymmetry of the duplex.
When the initial U:A base pair of miR-2a/miR-2a-1* was altered, UU assembled more miRNA into RISC than did AA (Figure 3B). Notably, an AA mismatch at the 5′-end of the miRNA more than doubled the amount of miRNA* incorporated into RISC. Next, we examined a series of miR-2a/miR-2a* derivatives in which the 19th base of miR-2a* was always C, ensuring that duplex stability was the same when the miRNA began with U or A. Again, a 5′-U favored miRNA loading and disfavored miRNA* loading (Figure 3C). When the 5′-U was replaced with inosine, which can pair to the miRNA* C at position 19, only slightly less miRNA was assembled into RISC than that observed for an A/C mismatch. We conclude that the identity of the first miRNA nucleotide contributes more to the loading of miR-2a than do differences in the stability of the duplex termini. Reciprocally, when the first miRNA nucleotide was C, the identity of miRNA* nt 19 did not have any significant effect on miRNA or miRNA* loading (Figure 3D), demonstrating that the effect shown in Figure 3A reflects a mutation of the first miRNA nucleotide, not the change in miRNA* nt 19. Experiments using miR-14 and miR-184 gave similar results (Additional file 5, Figure S5).
Strikingly, the order of preference for nt 1 was not the same across the three tested miRNA: miR-2a preferred U > A > C (Figure 3), miR-14 preferred U ~ C > A and miR-184 preferred U ~ A > C (Additional file 6, Figure S6). Hence additional features in the miRNA/miRNA* duplex must influence the order of preference for miRNA nt 1. Mutating the overhanging nucleotide in miR-184* did not alter the efficiency of loading miR-184 (Additional file 7, Figure S7), excluding a role for base pairing between nt 1 and the 3′ overhang of the miRNA*.
If a sequence or structural feature affects the order of preference for nt 1, then these two features should evolve together. We searched for significant covariation between nt 1 identity and other sequence or structural motifs in miRNA/miRNA* duplexes. For Drosophila miRNA/miRNA*, the identity of miRNA nt 1 covaries with the identity of the facing nucleotide on the miRNA* strand, the identity of the second nucleotide of the miRNA strand and the base-pairing status of the 15th nucleotide of the miRNA strand (Figure 4A). Mutating miRNA nt 2 in miR-2a and miR-184 influenced the order of preference for nt 1 in flies (Figures 4B and 4C).
In Drosophila , the identity of the second miRNA nucleotide influences the effect of the first nucleotide. (A) The y-axis shows the significance (Fisher's exact test) of observed covariation between the identity of miRNA nt 1 and nucleotide identity (black) or base-pairing status (gray) along the miRNA and the miRNA* strand. The low values for position 1 in the black curve occur because the identity of miRNA nt 1 correlates strongly with itself. (B and C) Mutating nt 2 in miR-2a (B) or miR-184 (C) changed the order of nt 1 preference for miRNA loading.
Strikingly, the influence of nt 2 on nt 1 seems to be specific for flies. Neither worm nor mouse miRNA/miRNA* show such covariation (Additional file 8, Figure S8). Caenorhabditis elegans miRNA nt 1 covaries mostly with the base-pairing status of miRNA nt 18 and the identity of the miRNA* nucleotide facing miRNA nt 3. In mouse, nt 1 covaries with the identity of miRNA nt 12 as well as several positions at the 3′ end of the miRNA strand. The sequence composition of miRNA differs greatly between flies and humans , suggesting that the nucleotide preference of the miRNA loading machinery has evolved since the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, with only the overall tendency for miRNA to start with U remaining conserved.
Our data support the view that a U at the 5′-end of a miRNA favors RISC loading in flies and, given both our informatics data and the broad phylogenetic conservation of the 5′-U bias among miRNA in worms and mice, likely in animals generally.
The Drosophila Ago1 loading machinery remains to be identified, although chaperones have been implicated in assembling miRNA into RISC [6, 27, 28]. It is tempting to speculate that the requirement for the miRNA 5′-end to be the less thermodynamically stable in a miRNA/miRNA* duplex reflects the need for the first nucleotide to be single-stranded to present it to components of the RISC loading machinery or to Ago1 itself.
Why has the miRNA pathway evolved to prefer a 5′-U? The likely answer is that preferential loading of miRNA starting with U improves the precision of the miRNA 5′-end . Drosha and Dicer generate pools of miRNA/miRNA* duplexes with alternative 5′- and 3′-ends; loading of these duplexes into Drosophila Ago2, -which prefers 5′-C, - has been shown to purify this population of miRNA , loading preferentially the miRNA isoforms bearing a 5′-C [19, 25]. The preference of the Ago1 loading machinery or of Ago1 itself for 5′-U could similarly restrict entry into the Ago1 pathway by loading only miRNA isoforms that begin with U. Consistent with this idea, the pre-miRNA nucleotides flanking miRNA nt 1 tend to be depleted in U (Additional file 9, Figure S9). Such a purifying selection could ensure that most mature miRNA have the correct 5′-end and therefore the correct seed sequence, ensuring that they regulate the appropriate mRNA targets.
In vitro reconstitution of miRNA/miRNA* loading 5′ phosphorylated miRNA/miRNA* (approximately 20 nM; the strand measured was 32P-radiolabeled) was incubated with zero- to two-hour fly embryo lysate for one hour at 25°C . Assembly was stopped with NEM . Two-thirds of each assembly reaction were incubated with biotinylated 2′-O-methyl capture oligonucleotide (Table 1) tethered to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (MyOne Streptavidin C1 DYNAL Magnetic Beads; Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA) for one hour at 25°C. The radioactivity in the remaining one-third of each reaction was measured by scintillation counting to allow data normalization. Typical replicate-to-replicate variability (standard deviation/mean) was approximately 5%. P values were calculated using Student's t-test assuming equal variances, and distribution normality and homogeneity of variances were assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene's test.
aI, inosine; Bio, biotin; mN, 2′-O-methyl ribose.
miRNA with ≥100 reads in the pooled deep-sequencing libraries were selected (see Table 2 for the list of analyzed deep-sequencing libraries). The most abundant isoform of each strand was retained. We evaluated the identity and base-pairing status (using RNAcofold, part of the Vienna RNA Secondary Structure Package; available at http://www.tbi.univie.ac.at/RNA/) of each of the first 18 nt. If the pairing probability of a nucleotide was >0.5, it was called paired. The analysis defined 18 nt identities, starting from either the 5′- or the 3′-end, and 18 base-pairing statuses, starting from either the 5′- or the 3′-end, with a total of 144 features per miRNA/miRNA* duplex. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the significance of covariation between these 144 features and the identity of the first miRNA nucleotide using the R Project for Statistical Computing statistical package (http://www.r-project.org/).
aDatasets were obtained from the GEO database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Reads (18 to 30 nt) matching known miRNA or miRNA sequences were identified, tolerating up to 9 nt between the observed extremities and the 5′ and 3′ extremities described in miRBase version 14. Overall, the fly libraries contained 100,603,194 miRNA and 6,569,021 miRNA* reads, the worm libraries contained 14,479,717 miRNA and 1,124,773 miRNA* reads and the mouse libraries contained 3,416,073 miRNA and 143,617 miRNA* reads.
We thank Yukihide Tomari, Tomoko Kawamata and Miyuki Mitomi for dcr-2 embryo lysate and sharing unpublished data, as well as members of the Zamore laboratory for critical comments on the manuscript. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants GM62862 and GM65236 (to PDZ) and European Molecular Biology Organization long-term (ALTF 9102004) and Human Frontier Science Program (LT00575/2005-L) fellowships (to HS).
PDZ is a cofounder and member of the scientific advisory board of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and a member of the scientific advisory board of Regulus Therapeutics, L.L.C.
HS and PDZ planned the experiments and wrote the manuscript. HS and JST performed the experiments. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


Download Grandpoza - Construction WordPress Theme free nulled Day we add new Version from Grandpoza - Construction WordPress Theme nulled to our site filemea.com in Wordpress THEMES you can get file for free from Download Url Grandpoza - Construction WordPress Theme .
Constructor – Responsive Wordpress Construction & Building Business Template is a well designed Template and suitable for construction, building companies, building services, small building services or large business websites. We know what your Construction & Building business website needs and then we went into the market and did a bit of a research what business owners look for in a Template. We have implemented everything you need for your business in this beautifully crafted Template.


text:
Le baron Victor Reille, né le  à Paris et mort en 1917, est un militaire et industriel français.

Carrière

Polyeucte Victor Gustave Reille Reille est le fils de Gustave-Charles-Prosper Reille et d'Anna Masséna. Marié à Geneviève Million de La Verteville, il est le père de Karl Reille.

Sorti diplômé de l'École polytechnique (promotion 1871), il devient capitaine d'artillerie.

En 1916, il succède à Melchior de Vogüé à la présidence de Saint-Gobain.

Il est administrateur de la Compagnie générale des eaux, de la Société des machines-outils, de la Compagnie ottomane des Eaux de Constantinople, de la Société anonyme des Papeteries du Marais et de Sainte-Marie.

Également peintre, il expose et vend ses œuvres en utilisant parfois le pseudonyme de Jack Elsy.

Il est le fondateur du rallye Baudry.

Sources
Hervé Joly, Danièle Fraboulet, Patrick Fridenson, Alain Chatriot, "Dictionnaire historique des patrons français", Flammarion, 2010
Hervé Joly, « Diriger une grande entreprise au XXe siècle: L'élite industrielle française », Presses universitaires François-Rabelais, 2018

Industriel français du XXe siècle
Capitaine français
Élève de l'École polytechnique
Naissance en janvier 1851
Décès en janvier 1917
Famille Reille

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Audit committee formed will look at mayor's election spending
April 24, 2019 Editor Cornwall, News 0
Cornwall Coun. Glen Grant assumes the role of acting mayor on Tuesday, April 23, 2019 as council approves appointments to an election audit committee. The committee will be looking into Mayor Bernadette Clement's personal spending in the 2018 election. (Newswatch Group/Bill Kingston)
Editor's note: This story has been modified to clarify that the formation of this committee is required under provincial law. It happened to be coincidental that the bylaw to form the committee was a last minute addition to the agenda on the same day a complaint was filed against the mayor.
CORNWALL – Three people have been named to an election expenses audit committee that will look into Cornwall Mayor Bernadette Clement's personal spending in the 2018 municipal election.
In a bylaw introduced Tuesday night (April 23), city council approved the appointment of Naresh Bhargava, Wes Libbey and Rachel Poirier to the election audit compliance committee.
Bhargava is a former city councillor, Libbey is the town crier and sits on the committee of adjustment, and Poirier is a finance officer with the Centre de Sante Communautaire de l'Estrie.
The bylaw was passed by council with no discussion. The corporation is required to form the audit committee regardless if there's a complaint.
Clement excused herself while Coun. Glen Grant assumed the role of acting mayor, given Clement's conflict of interest.
The mayor admitted last week that she personally overspent on her election campaign by $4,154, which she argues was an honest mistake.
The audit committee will determine whether to go ahead with an investigation and audit within 30 days after a public complaint is filed. If a probe is approved, an auditor will need to be hired and their report, coupled with the committee's analysis, will figure out whether the law was broken, the intent and the appropriate punishment – removal from office, a fine or do nothing.
The committee will likely get down to work very soon because that formal complaint has been filed. It was filed by a citizen and not one of the 2018 electoral candidates.
Thumbs Up (37)Thumbs Down (9)
Newswatch COVID-19 Digest: Friday January 15, 2021
Newswatch COVID-19 Digest: Tuesday January 12, 2021
What's in the stay-at-home order?
Newswatch COVID-19 Digest: Thursday January 14, 2021
Bernadette Clement
CAO Maureen Adams
election audit compliance committee
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
Getting South Glengarry connected: councillor asks for 'connectivity' committee
Cornwall will take $307K hit for health unit changes, councillor says

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) transfers the following Non-Taxable Assets to Taxable Beneficiaries: Properly Structured Life Insurance; the Annual Gift Exclusion; and the Lifetime Gift Tax Exclusion.
A Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT) transfers Post-Transaction Appreciation to Taxable Beneficiaries. A GRAT is an Estate Freeze that Leverages the growth of GRAT assets that is greater than the required Annuity Payments.
A Sale to an Intentional Grantor Trust transfers the following Non-Taxable Assets to the Non-Taxable Beneficiaries: Responsibipty of others to Pay Income Tax on the transferred Property and Post-Transaction Appreciation. The Sale to a Grantor Trust is an Estate Freeze that Leverages the growth of Grantor Trust's assets that is greater than the required note payments.
A Charitable Lead Trust (CLT) transfers Post-Transaction Appreciation to Taxable Beneficiaries. A CLT is an Estate Freeze that Leverages the growth of CLT assets that is greater than the required charitable payments during the Income Period.
A Charitable Remainder Trust (CRT) transfers Taxable Assets to Non-Charitable Beneficiaries. The CRT can avoid capital gains income tax. It also is a Freeze Transaction where the non-charitable beneficiary during the Income Period can share in the Post-Transaction Appreciation of the trust's assets.
A Gifting Trust transfers the following Non-Taxable Assets to Taxable Beneficiaries: the Annual Gift Exclusion, the Lifetime Gift Tax Exclusion; and Post-Transaction Appreciation.
A Health Education Exclusion Trust (HEET) transfers the following Non-Taxable Assets to Taxable Beneficiaries: Education Medical Exception; the Annual Gift Exclusion; and the Lifetime Gift Tax Exclusion.
A Qualified Personal Residence Trust (QPRT) transfers Post-Transaction Appreciation to Taxable Beneficiaries. A QPRT is an Estate Freeze that transfers the QPRT's residence's growth to the Remainder Beneficiary.


text:
Q: Extract XML value from file using VBA Please believe me, I really have googled and searched, but I'm a newbie to XML using VBA. All the examples I've seen use what I would call "simple" XML, and my example (to me) seems more complicated. First of all, here's a simple extract of my XML (if I can manage to append it with block quotes).
<wsdl:definitions xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="urn:ec.europa.eu:taxud:tin:services:checkTin" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:tns1="urn:ec.europa.eu:taxud:tin:services:checkTin:types" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="urn:ec.europa.eu:taxud:tin:services:checkTin">
   <wsdl:types>
      <xsd:schema xmlns="urn:ec.europa.eu:taxud:tin:services:checkTin:types" attributeFormDefault="qualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="urn:ec.europa.eu:taxud:tin:services:checkTin:types">
         <xsd:element name="checkTin">
            <xsd:complexType>
               <xsd:sequence>
                  <xsd:element name="FR" type="xsd:string" />
                  <xsd:element name="98-0242041" type="xsd:string" />
               </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
         </xsd:element>
         <xsd:element name="checkTinResponse">
            <xsd:complexType>
               <xsd:sequence>
                  <xsd:element name="countryCode" type="xsd:string" />
                  <xsd:element name="tinNumber" type="xsd:string" />
                  "
                  <xsd:element name="requestDate" type="xsd:date" />
                  <xsd:element name="validStructure" type="xsd:boolean" />
                  <xsd:element name="validSyntax" type="xsd:boolean" minOccurs="0" />
               </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
         </xsd:element>
        .... multiple elements of <xsd:element name="checkTin"> and <xsd:element >  name="checkTinResponse"> then follow
        .....
      </xsd:schema>
   </wsdl:types>
   <wsdl:message name="checkTinRequest">
      <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns1:checkTin" />
   </wsdl:message>
   <wsdl:message name="checkTinResponse">
      <wsdl:part name="parameters" element="tns1:checkTinResponse" />
   </wsdl:message>
   <wsdl:portType name="checkTinPortType">
      <wsdl:operation name="checkTin">
         <wsdl:input name="checkTinRequest" message="impl:checkTinRequest" />
         <wsdl:output name="checkTinResponse" message="impl:checkTinResponse" />
      </wsdl:operation>
   </wsdl:portType>
   <wsdl:binding name="checkTinBinding" type="impl:checkTinPortType">
      <wsdlsoap:binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />
      <wsdl:operation name="checkTin">
         <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction="" />
         <wsdl:input name="checkTinRequest">
            <wsdlsoap:body use="literal" />
         </wsdl:input>
         <wsdl:output name="checkTinResponse">
            <wsdlsoap:body use="literal" />
         </wsdl:output>
      </wsdl:operation>
   </wsdl:binding>
   <wsdl:service name="checkTinService">
      <wsdl:port name="checkTinPort" binding="impl:checkTinBinding">
         <wsdlsoap:address location="https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/tin/services/checkTinService" />
      </wsdl:port>
   </wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>

I have found and tested the following code:
Public Sub LoadDocument()

Dim XDoc As MSXML2.DOMDocument
Set XDoc = New MSXML2.DOMDocument
XDoc.validateOnParse = False
' The file here is basically the same as the XML code above
If XDoc.Load("E:\Excel\TIN\KVKF440I.txt") Then
   ' The document loaded successfully.
   ' Now do something intersting.
   DisplayNode XDoc.ChildNodes, 0
Else
   ' The document failed to load.
   ' See the previous listing for error information.
   ' The document failed to load.
   Dim strErrText As String
   Dim xPE As MSXML2.IXMLDOMParseError
   ' Obtain the ParseError object
   Set xPE = XDoc.parseError
   With xPE
      strErrText = "Your XML Document failed to load" & _
            "due the following error." & vbCrLf & _
      "Error #: " & .ErrorCode & ": " & xPE.reason & _
      "Line #: " & .Line & vbCrLf & _
      "Line Position: " & .linepos & vbCrLf & _
      "Position In File: " & .filepos & vbCrLf & _
      "Source Text: " & .srcText & vbCrLf & _
      "Document URL: " & .URL
    End With

    MsgBox strErrText, vbExclamation
End If

Set XDoc = Nothing

End Sub

Public Sub DisplayNode(ByRef Nodes As MSXML2.IXMLDOMNodeList, ByVal Indent    As Integer)

   Dim xNode As MSXML2.IXMLDOMNode
   Indent = Indent + 2

   For Each xNode In Nodes
     ' If xNode.NodeType = NODE_TEXT Then
       If xNode.ParentNode.nodeName = "xsd:element" Then
         Debug.Print Space$(Indent) & xNode.ParentNode.nodeName & _
             ":" & xNode.NodeValue
       End If

       If xNode.HasChildNodes Then
         DisplayNode xNode.ChildNodes, Indent
       End If
   Next xNode

End Sub

Basically, I want to loop (?) for each element name="checkTin"
and extract the values for the child element name=
(ie, in the example above, I want to extract FR and 98-0242021).
Then I want to do the same thing do the same thing for the corresponding
element name="checkTinResponse" and extract the 5 elements of
xsd:element name= that belong to this.
As I say, I have tried loads of examples I found, but obviously I don't know what I'm doing, nor do I completely understand that results I'm getting.
For example, I'm guessing that the copied code above that tests for xNode.ParentNode.nodeName = "xsd:element" is not really the best way to go.
Any suggestions greatly appreciated.

A: You can use XPath expressions to get the elements you are looking for.
I have used 2 XPath expressions in the code below:

*

*//*[local-name()='schema']/*[local-name()='element']

*././/*[local-name()='element']
//*[local-name()='schema']/*[local-name()='element'] is used get all the elements under the schema node. Then we loop each element and use the XPath expression ././/*[local-name()='element'] to get the child elements.
NB: Before executing the procedure, add reference to Microsoft Xml, v6.0.
Sub GetElements()
    Dim xmlFileName As String
    Dim XDoc As DOMDocument60
    Dim pElements As IXMLDOMNodeList, pElement As IXMLDOMNode
    Dim chElements As IXMLDOMNodeList, chElement As IXMLDOMNode

    xmlFileName = "C:\Temp\test.xml"       ''-- set filename appropriately
    Set XDoc = New DOMDocument60
    XDoc.validateOnParse = False
    If XDoc.Load(xmlFileName) Then
       ''-- The document loaded successfully.
       Set pElements = XDoc.SelectNodes("//*[local-name()='schema']/*[local-name()='element']")
       For Each pElement In pElements
            ''-- print the parent node
            Debug.Print pElement.Attributes.getNamedItem("name").NodeValue
            Set chElements = pElement.SelectNodes("././/*[local-name()='element']")
            For Each chElement In chElements
                ''-- print the child nodes
                Debug.Print vbTab & chElement.Attributes.getNamedItem("name").NodeValue
            Next
       Next
    Else
       ''-- The document failed to load.
        MsgBox Err.Number & ":" & Err.Description, vbExclamation, "Error"
    End If

    Set XDoc = Nothing

End Sub

RESULT :

checkTin
    FR
    98-0242041
checkTinResponse
    countryCode
    tinNumber
    requestDate
    validStructure
    validSyntax

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Ok, so a Linnet is perhaps not what you might think of as a spring migrant, but they do in fact move south-west in the wintertime, and some UK birds may even move to France and Iberia for the winter, just the same as our Chiffchaffs. There are approximately 35 pairs on the island, although this varies year to year. This year we have over 200 Linnets on the island at the moment, although how many of these will go on to breed. This species is in decline in the UK, listing its conservation status as Red. Linnets can live up to eight years, and their name may perhaps stem from their old scientific name of Linarius cannabina. The meaning of this can be translated as Linarius= linen weaver and cannabina= hemp. A cool name which has unfortunately changed now that it is Carduelis cannabina. I have been photographing the island's Linnets on and off for the last few weeks, especially when the females were busy gathering nesting material....first bits of dried grass and twigs, then the hair of cows and sheep, and then wool to line their little gorse-dwelling.
Wonderful post Ben, the bathing images are incredible!


text:
RATING AGENCIES FACE FURTHER PAIN WITH LANDMARK WALL STREET REFORM BILL
Posted by Joachim Bartels | Dec 31, 2010 | Bloomberg, Coface, European Union, Fitch Rating Agency, Hearst Corporation, K2 Global Parterns (Kroll Ratings), McGraw-Hill, Member News, Moody's, Morningstar, Rating Services, United Kingdom | 0 |
The Senate passed the landmark 'Wall Street reform bill' which includes important new requirements and oversight of rating agencies. The most damaging aspect of the reform bill for rating agencies is the liability provision. Investors could bring private rights of action against rating agencies for a knowing or reckless failure to conduct a reasonable investigation of the facts or to obtain analysis from an independent source. Up to now credit rating agencies claim that their ratings are opinions and not investment recommendations or advice.
There are indications that certain European nations will adopt similar measures. Asian countries could follow suit. China is already working on a legal framework to regulate credit information in general and rating agencies in particular. The consequences could be fewer rating agencies rather than more. The surviving rating agencies will become much more cautious and will be less inclined to provide top ratings. Information requirements and due diligence will be more stringent, costly for issuers and rating agencies (for unsolicited ratings). Rating agencies may refuse to rate certain corporate, governments, and structured finance securities altogether. New emerging industries (bio-tech and new environmental technologies for example) will not be able to get ratings because of the lack of historical data.
Notwithstanding regulatory restrictions and potential future liabilities, surprisingly a number of firms have stated that the time was right to enter the credit rating business: Morningstar, Bloomberg, Coface, Kroll, Hearst and not to be left out KPMG and PwC. As to the potential new entrants, they all believe investors will flock to them because of the current poor reputation of the big three. What makes them think they would to better?
Take Morningstar who recently bought Realpoint LLC (one of the ten NRSROs), a relatively small company, but Morningstar thinks it can expand globally, but has not let on how. Coface, the French credit insurer said its business relied on ratings and got burned. Perhaps it wants to get even by entering credit rating by using its large experience base of financial statements, positive and negative data on trade credit transactions and its underwriting experience. Coface has not explained how it would accomplish the transformation from trade credit ratings to capital market ratings. Bloomberg, certainly has the resources to acquire the expertise to rate companies and debt instruments. However it would need more than Chinese Walls to keep its rating business sheltered from its news operations. Issuers will always be suspicious that their proprietary data may end up in Bloomberg's newsrooms. Julius Kroll, the corporate sleuth, has announced that he will be entering the credit rating business as early as July. His expertise is due diligence and he feels that is good enough for starting a rating business. Due diligence deals with the past and current state of a business, he has not spelled out how he intends to tackle the future assessment of complex risk. KPMG and PwC are said to be pondering a role in credit rating. They certainly have expertise, however it would prevent them from rating companies they audit.
It is most likely that some of these potential new entrants will develop special ratings, benchmarking services or to concentrate on industry verticals, which may be substantially different from the current Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs).
Current shareholders of the three largest rating agencies are certainly not very happy and are voting with their feet. Fimalac, Fitch's parent, has sold off a further 20%; Hearst now owns 40% and may be picking up an additional10%. Mr. Buffet is said to be disenchanted with Moody's and his Berkshire Hathaway company sold repeatedly shares in 2009. Berkshire's stake is now down about 34% from the 48 million shares it owned. Source: Outsell Inc. and BIIA assessment
BIIA Newsletter June I – 2010 Issue
PreviousCREDIT INFORMATION AND RATING SERVICES: TWIN SISTERS –
NextWARREN BUFFETT IN THE DOCK OVER MOODY'S ROLE IN CREDIT CRUNCH


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Local History News will not be published on Wednesday December 25, 2013 or Wednesday January 1, 2014. It will return to your inboxes on Wednesday January 8, 2014. Happy Holidays to you and yours from Local History Services!
For more information about the AASLH Awards program, join the free informational webinar, January 9, 2014, 2-3 p.m. ET. Pre-registration required.
For more information, contact David Grabitske: david.grabitske@mnhs.org or 651-259-3460.
NOTE: This scholarship will only be available for the January 10 and April 11, 2014 deadlines.
The ashes of Minnesota's last USS Arizona survivor were interred in the ship's gun turret on December 7, 2013.
New bicycling museum in Minneapolis gets a start.
Facebook recently added a new donation feature for nonprofits.
Do public historians care about environmental sustainability?
Open records and digital reproduction.
Stearns History Museum, St. Cloud MN, seeks part-time, temporary project assistant. Deadline: December 23, 2013, 5 p.m.
Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul MN, seeks Collections Assistant, Collections Department. Deadline: December 23, 2013.
Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul MN, seeks Collections Assistant, State Archives Department. Deadline: December 23, 2013.
University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, seeks Director of Pentacrest Museums. Deadline: January 17, 2014.
Jane Addams Hull-House Museum, Chicago IL, seeks Director. Deadline: January 21, 2014.
National Public Housing Museum, Chicago IL, seeks Executive Director. Position open until filled.
Northfield Historical Society, Northfield MN, presents the fifth talk in a series commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War. Jim Stark will discuss the aftermath of Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Thursday December 19, 2013, 6 p.m.
Stearns History Museum, St. Cloud MN, hosts a book signing by chef Amy Thielen, who will sign copies of her new cookbook, "The New Midwestern Table: 200 Heartland Recipes," Friday December 20, 2013, 1-3 p.m.
Pond Dakota Heritage Society, Bloomington MN, will host a Frontier Christmas Celebration, Sunday December 22, 2013, 2-4 p.m. at the Pond House. Call 952-563-8693 for more information.
Wright County Historical Society, Buffalo MN, will hold their next Book Club event on Friday December 27, 2013, 1:30-3:00 p.m. Connie Carlson will moderate a discussion on the Saint John's Bible project. Call 763-682-7323 for more information.
Ramsey County Historical Society, St. Paul MN, announce their exhibit "Winter Carnival Highlights from the RCHS Collections," January 2-February 3, 2014, Landmark Center. Call 651-222-0701 for more information.
Explore Minnesota announces their 2014 Tourism Conference, "Future's So Bright," February 4-5, 2014, Duluth Entertainment Convention Center (DECC), Duluth MN.
Northfield Historical Society, Northfield MN, announces the limited availability of cards printed from original etched zinc blocks.
Minnesota Historical Society's six-year participation in the National Digital Newspaper Program (NDNP) is ending. They would appreciate any input about Minnesota's participation in the program via an online survey. Deadline: December 23, 2013.
Twin Cities Public Television (tpt) will premiere "The Past Is Alive Within Us: The U.S.-Dakota Conflict," Thursday December 26, 2013.
Minnesota State Arts Board will offer a free information session via conference call/webinar about FY 2015 Operating Support grant opportunities, Thursday January 9, 2014, 10 a.m.
Applications for the 2014 CAP are now available. Deadline: Friday February 14, 2014.
An interesting article featuring Cambridge's American Legion Post 290 made the front page of Sunday's Star Tribune. The article focuses on Minnesota's VFWs and American Legions that are increasingly selling off their meeting halls as members age and die.
Many of these institutions are part of the fabric of smaller towns and cities and provide invaluable support for their communities. Has your community experienced a recent closing of a VFW or American Legion? How has that impacted your organization?
Pictured above: Attucks Brooks Post 606, St. Paul MN.
Christmas in Minnesota, by Marilyn Ziebarth and Brian Horrigan.


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Whether the open was from a forward (TRUE) or not (FALSE).
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text:
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Northcoders offer two #womenintech scholarships but there's a limit to what they are able to do themselves. Which begged the question how many women had applied and were eligible for the course? Turns out they had applications from 20 women which means 18 suitable candidates in Manchester losing out on an amazing opportunity. That's 18 new women software developers into the tech ecosystem. That's an opportunity to act that does not come around that often. What if we could make that scale?
In the recent past I worked as an Associate with EY supporting the EY Women Fast Forward programme so I pinged an email to the amazing Uschi Schreiber EY's Global Vice Chair, Markets. It was a simple email. It said "there are 18 women in Manchester qualified to take a course to turn them into software developers, they need some funding can you help"? Two days later I got a response from her "Love this idea. Need to figure out how to support. Give me a day or two".
And sure enough after two days Gemma Williams who works with Uschi messaged me saying "it's a go we'll fund six of them". Just like that. Typically in big organizations it takes months to get a decision. There is all sorts of bureaucracy to navigate, all sorts of stakeholders who need to get involved. By recognizing the need, by understanding the importance of helping women, by understanding that Northcoders are a young company and by actually "DOING" Uschi and EY have done an amazing thing that will make a genuine impact exactly where we need it most. Giving women the opportunity to enter the technology community gaining employment in a city where 40% of our population are under the poverty line. EY have now committed to funding for this on an annual basis. And so in case you are wondering - this is what leadership looks like.


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Final Pre-season Projections Are Up! Welcome to the Majors, Tony Zych!
: AA from Chattanooga to Tulsa.
The Dodgers stake a territorial claim to the Sooner State.
Pittsburgh: short-A from Jamestown to West Virginia (Morgantown). They already have a team in the SAL that calls itself West Virginia, which plays out of Charleston. That's even more confusing than the Reds.
Huntsville, which had essentially no baseball history prior to getting a AA team, the Stars, in 1985. Prior to that, they had only had a class D team, which existed for the 1930 season in the Georgia-Alablam League.
Jamestown, which has had a team for all but six years since 1939; there were short gaps in 1958-60 and 1974-76. The stadium dates from 1941.


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text:
InfoSec News, Security Articles
McAfee Lab Report Previews 2015 Developments in Exploits and Evasion
Breaches, CISO, Cybercrime, Data Privacy, Data protection, Hacking, Identity and access management (IAM), IoT Security, Malware and Vulnerabilities, Ransomware, Strategy and planning, Threat Intelligence
Intel® Security has released its McAfee Labs' November 2014 Threats Report, including an analysis of threat activity in the third quarter of 2014, and the organisation's annual 2015 Threats Predictions for the coming year. The report details a third quarter filled with threat development milestones and cyber events exploiting long-established Internet trust standards. McAfee Labs forecasts a 2015 threat landscape shaped by more attacks exploiting these standards, new attack surfaces in mobile and Internet of Things (IoT), and increasingly sophisticated cyber espionage capabilities, including techniques capable of evading sandboxing detection technologies.
In the third quarter, McAfee Labs detected more than 307 new threats every minute, or more than five every second, with mobile malware samples growing by 16 percent during the quarter and overall malware surging by 76 percent year over year. The researchers also identified new attempts to take advantage of Internet trust models, including secure socket layer (SSL) vulnerabilities such as Heartbleed and BERserk, and the continued abuse of digital signatures to disguise malware as legitimate code.
Featured Download: Social media access at work. Do your employees know the rules?
In 2015, McAfee Labs predicts malicious parties will seek to extend their ability to avoid detection over long periods, with non-state actors increasingly adopting cyber espionage capabilities for monitoring and collecting valuable data over extended targeted attack campaigns. The researchers predict more aggressive efforts to identify application, operating system, and network vulnerabilities, and an increasing focus on the limitations of sandboxing technologies as hackers attempt to evade application- and hypervisor-based detection.
"2014 saw a huge range of high profile industry attacks, which undoubtedly shook confidence in long-standing Internet trust models, consumer confidence in organisations' abilities to protect their data, and organisations' confidence in their ability to efficiently detect and respond to targeted attacks in a timely manner. As we move into 2015, it is vital that moves are taken to restore trust. In order to do this, we need to implement new security postures that shrink time-to-detection through the superior use of threat intelligence data, as well as continue working closely with public sector in dismantling cybercriminal operations. Ultimately, we need to get to a security model that's built-in by design, seamlessly integrated into every device at every layer of the computing stack" said Raj Samani, EMEA Chief Technology Officer, Intel Security.
McAfee Labs foresees the following trends in 2015:
1. Increased use of cyber warfare and espionage tactics. Cyber espionage attacks will continue to increase in frequency as long-term players become stealthier information gatherers and newcomers to cyber-attack capabilities look for ways to steal sensitive information and disrupt their adversaries.
o Established nation-state actors will work to enhance their ability to remain hidden on victim systems and networks.
o Cybercriminals will continue to act more like nation-state cyber espionage actors, focusing on monitoring systems and gathering high-value intelligence on individuals, intellectual property, and operational intelligence.
o McAfee Labs predicts that more small nation states and terror groups will use cyber warfare.
2. Greater Internet of Things attack frequency, profitability, and severity. Unless security controls are built-in to their architectures from the beginning, the rush to deploy IoT devices at scale will outpace the priorities of security and privacy. This rush and the increasing value of data gathered, processed, and shared by these devices will draw the first notable IoT paradigm attacks in 2015.
o The increasing proliferation of IoT devices in environments such as health care could provide malicious parties access to personal data even more valuable than credit card data. For instance, according to the McAfee Labs report entitled Cybercrime Exposed: Cybercrime-as-a-Service, the cybercrime community currently values stolen health credentials at around $10 each, which is about 10 to 20 times the value of a stolen U.S. credit card number.
3. Privacy debates intensify. Data privacy will continue to be a hot topic as governments and businesses continue to grapple with what is fair and authorised access to inconsistently defined "personal information."
o In 2015 we will see continued discussion and lack of clarity around what constitutes "personal information" and to what extent that information may be accessed and shared by state or private actors.
o We will see a continued evolution in scope and content of data privacy rules and regulations; we may even see laws begin to regulate the use of previously anonymous data sets.
o The European Union, countries in Latin America, as well as Australia, Japan, South Korea, Canada, and many others may enact more stringent data privacy laws and regulations.
4. Ransomware evolves into the cloud. Ransomware will evolve its methods of propagation, encryption, and the targets it seeks. More mobile devices are likely to suffer attacks.
o We predict ransomware variants that manage to evade security software installed on a system will specifically target endpoints that subscribe to cloud-based storage solutions.
o Once the endpoint has been infected, the ransomware will attempt to exploit the logged-on user's stored credentials to also infect backed-up cloud storage data.
o We expect the technique of ransomware targeting cloud-backed-up data to be repeated in the mobile space.
o We expect a continued rise in mobile ransomware using virtual currency as the ransom payment method.
5. New mobile attack surfaces and capabilities. Mobile attacks will continue to grow rapidly as new mobile technologies expand the attack surface.
o The growing availability of malware-generation kits and malware source code for mobile devices will lower the barrier to entry for cybercriminals targeting these devices.
o Untrusted app stores will continue to be a major source of mobile malware. Traffic to these stores will be driven by "malvertising," which has grown quickly on mobile platforms.
6. PoS attacks increase and evolve with digital payments. Point of sale (PoS) attacks will remain lucrative, and a significant upturn in consumer adoption of digital payment systems on mobile devices will provide new attack surfaces that cybercriminals will exploit.
o Despite current efforts by retailers to deploy more chip-and-pin cards and card readers, McAfee Labs sees continued growth in PoS system breaches in 2015 based on the sheer numbers of PoS devices that will need to be upgraded in North America.
o Near field communications (NFC) digital payment technology will become an entirely new attack surface to exploit unless user education can successfully guide users in taking control of NFC features on their mobile devices.
7. Shellshock sparks Unix, Linux attacks. Non-Windows malware attacks will increase as a result of the Shellshock vulnerability.
o McAfee Labs predicts that the aftershocks of Shellshock with be felt for many years given the number of potentially vulnerable Unix or Linux devices, from routers to TVs, industrial controllers, flight systems, and critical infrastructure.
o In 2015, this will drive a significant increase in non-Windows malware as attackers look to exploit the vulnerability.
8. Growing exploitation of software flaws. The exploitation of vulnerabilities is likely to increase as new flaws are discovered in popular software products.
o McAfee Labs predicts that exploitation techniques such as stack pivoting, return- and jump-oriented programming, and a deeper understanding of 64-bit software will continue to drive the growth in the number of newly discovered vulnerabilities, as will the volume of malware that exploits those newly discovered vulnerabilities.
9. New evasion tactics for sandboxing. Escaping the sandbox will become a significant IT security battlefield.
o Vulnerabilities have been identified in the sandboxing technologies implemented with critical and popular applications. McAfee Labs predicts a growth in the number of techniques to exploit those vulnerabilities and escape application sandboxes.
o Beyond application sandboxing, McAfee Labs predicts that 2015 will bring malware that can successfully exploit hypervisor vulnerabilities to break out of some security vendors' standalone sandbox systems.
For a full copy of the McAfee Labs Threats Report: November 2014, which includes 2015 threat predictions, please visit: http://mcaf.ee/ojbsz.
About McAfee Labs
McAfee Labs is one of the world's leading sources for threat research, threat intelligence, and cybersecurity thought leadership. The McAfee Labs team of more than 400 researchers collects threat data from millions of sensors across key threat vectors—file, web, message, and network. It then performs cross-vector threat correlation analysis and delivers real-time threat intelligence to tightly integrated McAfee endpoint and network security products through its cloud-based McAfee Global Threat Intelligence service. McAfee Labs also develops core threat detection technologies—such as DeepSAFE, application profiling, and graylist management—that are incorporated into the broadest security product portfolio in the industry.
About Intel Security
McAfee is now part of Intel Security. With its Security Connected strategy, innovative approach to hardware-enhanced security, and unique McAfee Global Threat Intelligence, Intel Security is intensely focused on developing proactive, proven security solutions and services that protect systems, networks, and mobile devices for business and personal use around the world. Intel Security is combining the experience and expertise of McAfee with the innovation and proven performance of Intel to make security an essential ingredient in every architecture and on every computing platform. The mission of Intel Security is to give everyone the confidence to live and work safely and securely in the digital world. www.intelsecurity.com.
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His books serve as the inspiration for Killing Eve.
Killing Eve is almost unimaginable without Sandra Oh in the title role. But according to Luke Jennings, the author of the Codename Villanelle novels which inspired the television show, she wasn't who he had initially imagined for the part.
Jennings's Eve in the novels is English. It's an understandable character choice, given that Eve has a career in British intelligence. But in the end, Oh's Canadian nationality, and her Korean heritage, didn't impact her casting.
"What we had in Sandra was someone who absolutely embodied the spirit of that role and did so with a wonderful humor that nobody else that was seen for the role really saw. She saw the humor in it, the wit, and the self deprecation," Jennings told T&C.
"Sandra is a wonderful actress because she has no vanity about the way that she presents herself. What you see is a very transparent performance. And that's just perfect for that role."
Proof they made the right decision? Oh's recent Golden Globe for season one.
Jodie Comer, who plays Eve's rival, the assassin Villanelle, also wowed Jennings during the audition process.
"From the first frame of her screen test, Jodie was absolutely bang on the money," he says, to play the magnetic psychopath.
Jennings envisioned these characters as a shift away from the "cardboard masculine heroes" often found in thrillers.
"They're both women who are very professionally capable, but they are not quite given the respect they deserve," he says. "They want more; they're capable of more; and when they discover each other, they become almost reckless in their pursuit of each other."
And he worked closely with season one showrunner Phoebe Waller-Bridge on how the two women would be depicted on-screen.
"Phoebe Waller-Bridge and I spent a lot of time together, working out who these characters were, what their motivations were, what drove them, how they related to each other, all of these things. And how these characters were going to be brought to the screen."
While the television show is clearly inspired by the Villanelle novels, Waller-Bridge's fingerprints are undeniably on season one. But Jennings seems comfortable with the changes required in bringing his characters to life on TV.
"As the author, you should realize that television and fiction and are two very different things with two very different requirements, and it's not going to work if you just stick to the novel," he says.
"They are such different mediums and I'm very happy to see the way that the writers have taken off with these characters and these situations. As long as the relationship between the characters remains in tact, which it does, then I'm very happy with it."
In fact, the book series and the television show will deviate further in their second installments, as Waller-Bridge steps away from the production, and new showrunner Emerald Fennell steps in.
Jennings recently released his second Villanelle novel, Villanelle: No Tomorrow, which he sees as the midpoint of a trilogy about the cat-and-mouse-hunt between the two women. In contrast, the second season of Killing Eve, he says, "goes off at a tangent."
"The book and the series are different but they do absolutely exist in the same imaginative universe," he explains. "So Villanelle and Eve have many, many adventures and some of them are in the novels and some of them are on TV, and that's sort of how I see it all."
However the show and book series diverge, Jennings remains responsible for not only for the characters and their driving motivations, but also for the program's title.
"I came up with the title Killing Eve, and we all liked it. None of us really knew what it meant, but we all felt that it resonated. Not that Eve was literally going to be killed, but that it was descriptive of Eve's evolution, if you like," he says.
"The old Eve is replaced by a different, newer, Eve who is changed by her time with Villanelle."
Villanelle: No Tomorrow is available wherever books are sold, and season two of Killing Eve premieres April 7 at 8 p.m. on both AMC and BBC America.


Polish multihull Sunreef Yachts has announced that it has sold the first model of its 80 Sunreef Power catamaran range in September 2018.
But only now has revealed the first interior renderings of the 24-metre motor yacht.
A model due to be presented at 2019 Cannes Yachting Festival and delivered later this year. Unveiled in May 2018, this in-house designed model is expected for long cruises and features "bold, contemporary hull styling".
Sunreef Yachts has been setting the trends in the catamaran industry for years. The shipyard introduced the yachting world innovate solutions including the world's first flybridge on a luxury catamaran, the first double deck power catamaran with oceanic range, the first double deck sailing catamaran and one of latest power projects 150 Sunreef Power.
The catamaran makes full use of the 12.1 beam with amazing amounts of space for sunning and lounging and a flybridge big enough to accommodate a spa pool, wet bar and plenty area of seating. The main deck saloon layout is flexible, with the option to include a different size dining area and a variety of seating. There is also the possibility to have a bar and open galley on the main deck.
The model's layout is open to customisation. One of the most spectacular features on board the 80 Sunreef Power is the master suite which can be set up in the bow section of the main deck. With a double bed facing the bow terrace, a bathroom with a walk-in shower, dressing and desk, the suite is bathed in sun from the skylight glazing. The same space can also be used to install a large lounge and access to the foredeck.
Accommodation is for up for 12 guests and four crew members in luxurious cabins.
The massive garage combined with an aft platform allows the 80 Sunreef Power to take tender, water toys and jet-ski anywhere she goes.
The engine room can be fitted with either twin 575hp engines or twin 1,200hp engines.


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Q: update pyserial data in real time with flask im trying to see data in real time, i have to close the python program to refresh the data. It refreshes only when i close the python file and restart it. i want the data to refresh in real time.
from flask import Flask
import serial

app = Flask(__name__)

water = serial.Serial("COM4",9600)
water1 = water.readline().decode('ascii')

# @ signifies a decorator
@app.route('/')
def index():
    return 'This is home page'

@app.route('/plant')
def plant():
    while True:
        return '
soil is:
 ' + water1 + '%'

if __name__=="__main__":
    app.run()

A: It depends on what you mean by "real-time". Let us take a look at how Flask works first.
Why it doesn't work
Everything outside of the functions with @app.route decorator gets executed only once, upon the start of the server. That is why your data is  currently fetched just once, your data fetching code is outside those functions:
water = serial.Serial("COM4",9600)
water1 = water.readline().decode('ascii')

Refresh data on page refresh
Now, the easiest way how to fix it is to fetch the data each time you refresh the page like this:
@app.route('/plant')
def plant():
    water = serial.Serial("COM4",9600)
    water1 = water.readline().decode('ascii')
    # while True: // don't use while True though, it'll freeze your program forever.
        return '
soil is:
 ' + water1 + '%'

Since plan() is executed upon each page refresh, your data also updates such.
Refresh data in "real" real-time
There is the third option though, to achieve the result that usually is called "real-time". You won't get around it without using Javascript though. In this case you set up an API, which will return your data, which you'll call from Javascript.
I, however, suspect, that what you really want to do is refresh data on page refresh.


Discussion in 'Expired Listings' started by absolutic, Dec 22, 2011.
GF2 with box and everything that came with it, minus 14-42 lens.
plus minolta to m4/3 adapter and minolta 28mm F/2.8 Rokor lens (made in Japan). $275. Will add Nissin M4/3 flash DI466 that costs $140 on amazon for a total of $350. Local Pickup in Los Angeles Area is welcomed to or USPS Priority Mail in CONUS.


text:
How to spot fantasy options on Champions League 'minnows'
The Champions League returns next week! We've reached the second round of group stage games.
One of the big differences between playing Champions League fantasy soccer versus Premier League or La Liga fantasy soccer is the number of teams involved. You've got 32 teams in the group stage, as opposed to 20 in the domestic leagues mentioned above.
There's a natural tendency to stock your lineup with players you're familiar with, from the best leagues. But there's also real value to be found in players on some of the other teams — if you know where to look.cheap nfl custom jerseys
Just take a glance at the fantasy points leaderboard from the first round of group-stage games two weeks ago. Five of the top 10 players are from teams outside the big five leagues in Europe (England, Spain, Italy, Germany, and France).
Midfielder Nikola Vlasic would have finished third with 31.3 points, thanks to a goal and seven chances created for CSKA Moscow. Defender Nicolas Tagliafico was fourth with 30.3 points, after scoring two goals for Ajax. And forward Michal Krmencik was eighth with 26.8 points … he also notched a brace, for Viktoria Plzen.
Those are just three examples. Shakhtar Donetsk defender Ismaily and Porto midfielder Otavio finished ninth and 10th, and two more players from outside the big five leagues — Galatasaray's Garry Rodrigues and Ajax's Carel Eiting — also finished in the top 20.nike nfl jerseys for cheap
Here's an important note about the players mentioned above. Most of them played against teams that were also from outside the big five leagues. CSKA Moscow and Viktoria Plzen played against each other, in a game that finished 2-2. Ajax hosted AEK Athens and won 3-0.
Galatasaray hosted Lokomotiv Moscow and also won 3-0. Shakhtar and Porto both played teams from Germany, but not against superpower Bayern Munich, or even Borussia Dortmund. Shakhtar drew 2-2 at home against Hoffenheim, who are making their Champions League debut, and Porto drew 1-1 at Schalke.
The lesson here is, don't ignore the teams from outside the big five leagues. In particular, look at the matchups that feature two teams from the outside the big five leagues, and check out which players are in good form … especially on the home teams.
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Asteria Hotel was renovated in 2015, under a new management. The hotel offers 38 rooms that are spacious and comfortable to the clients. They are all equipped with all the modern necessities, in order to offer the best experience. More specifically, each room has its own private bathroom, air condition, TV and fridge. You can choose between two, three or bedded rooms, according to your needs. Despite the room size, they all have large, marbled, private balconies with stunning view to the Argolic Gulf.
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The hotel offers venues specifically formed for events and parties. They are available for booking all year round.
Having Asteria Hotel as a base you can explore all the beautiful places surrounding Tolo. Alternatively you can enjoy some relaxing and slow pace vacation in Tolo alone, since it is a city that does have a lot to offer.


Hartford Funds – a segment of Hartford Financial Services – has whole property of $seventy seven.9 billion below management (as of September 30, 2016). The firm claims to handle more than 55 funds throughout a wide range of types and asset lessons as of October 24, 2016.
HSTRX's portfolio consists primarily of mounted-revenue securities, but Hussman's hedge fund-like tactics can have him shifting vital quantities of fund property to cash, shares or commodity-primarily based securities when he sees alternatives for positive the-future-of-the-franchise-2 factors in risky markets. Reinvested dividends are dividends paid from a mutual fund or stock which might be used to buy extra shares of the mutual fund or inventory. Many mutual fund firms and brokerage companies provide the automatic reinvestment of dividends as a service to traders.
In the primary hour after the stock market opened on August 24, buying and selling was halted on more than four hundred securities. According to NASDAQ, these included 109 shares, 306 alternate-traded merchandise, and 17 Vanguard exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The convergence of utmost start-off-a-skilled-foreclosure-clean-out-enterprise volatility, a brand new market rule, and inventory-worth uncertainty triggered buying and selling disruptions. This hyperlink goes into better detail on the topic.
In the hybrid class, funds with common equity allocation of 60% and above in the past three years have been categorized as hybrid: equity-oriented funds and those with equity allocation up to 25% as Hybrid: Monthly Income. In debt category, funds with common maturity of 1-four.5 years in the last 6 months have been categorised as brief-term funds. It appears, with elevated globalization, that international markets would give more accurate precedence concerning long-term market developments.
The Hartford was founded in 1810 in Hartford , Connecticut A group of native merchants gathered in a Hartford inn and, with working capital of $15,000, founded the Hartford Fire Insurance Company. The company survived some of the best peacetime tragedies in American history. After an enormous fire shared-conference-room-etiquette destroyed New York's monetary district in 1835, The Hartford's president, Eliphalet Terry, used his personal wealth to cowl all the company's harm claims. Other catastrophic occasions included the Chicago hearth of 1871 and the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and hearth.
These funds put money into stocks that pay dividends consistent with or increased than the broader market. This strategy, known as fairness income investing, can be a lovely various to bond investing as it seeks to offer larger safety towards inflation as well as potential for capital appreciation. Professional investment management: Open-and closed-finish funds hire portfolio managers to oversee the fund's investments.
The system doesn't work so smoothly for all ETFs. Fixed-earnings ETFs, which have extra turnover and sometimes have money-based mostly creations and redemptions, are much less tax environment friendly than their fairness brethren. While there is not any detailed disclosure about Danoff's Fidelity compensation, the amount of belongings in his family's charitable foundation has surged to about $70 million lately, in accordance with filings with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. In 2015, Danoff contributed $31.1 million to the charity, including $12 million in Contrafund shares that he personally owned.
For the worth of just one share of Vanguard's Total Stock Market ETF ($119.03 as of this writing) you may invest into one of the most properly rounded, diversified index funds, and your solely bills would be the approximately $eight buy commission and a miniscule zero.05% ongoing expense ratio. Overall: As of two/28/18 the Fund was rated 2 stars out of eighty two funds and a couple of stars out of forty seven funds for the 3- and 5-yr durations, respectively.
All funds must disclose their fees and expenses of their Fund Facts document and Simplified Prospectus. Karen Hubbard, Regional Assistant Vice-President, Client Advisory Services, Educators Financial Group, recommends, that you take a look at the Management Expense Ratio (MER) fees. Also learn the way a lot you may pay while you purchase or promote items and take into consideration the level of service and recommendation that you'll receive." Comparing the fund's costs and performance in opposition to those of similar funds will shed mild as to the kind of value you're getting on your cash.
Learn the best way to consider and choose the precise mutual funds, ETF's and stocks to your portfolio. Taught by experience investor and CFA John Jagerson, Investopedia Academy's Investing for Beginners course offers you the skills it's essential shipping-container-homes to create a balanced portfolio aligned together with your funding goals. Check it out in the present day! A novice buyers with no knowledge about either mutual fund or different inventory funding should have a duplicate of this e-book on the desk.
Account upkeep. View all the account services we offer to help you profit from your Vanguard accounts, and check the message center for notices of statements, transaction confirmations, and different notifications from Vanguard. The key objective of the fund is to supply investors with alternatives for long-time period growth in capital, by effectively-researched investments in a diversified bouquet of stocks of Indian Companies.
Individual-Oriented: All these factors make mutual funds a pretty options for youthful, novice and different particular person traders who do not wish to actively manage their money: They provide high liquidity; they are comparatively easy to know; good diversification even when you do not need some huge cash to spread round; and the potential for good development. In fact, many Americans already spend money on mutual funds through their 401(okay) or 403(b ) plans. In truth, the overwhelming majority of money in employer-sponsored retirement plans goes into mutual funds.
Many actively managed funds saddle traders with high fees and mediocre returns. But in case your 401(okay) plan consists of T. Rowe Price funds, you are in luck.
Another common reason buyers choose mutual funds is for access to an expert fund manager. Making choices each day for each funding or future investment in a fund, the fund supervisor is dedicated to understanding all elements of every managed fund. Decisions are based mostly on in depth super-bowl-charters, ongoing research and analysis of financial factors, particular person companies, and present issues. In the case of actively managed mutual funds or funds that search to beat a respective benchmark, mutual fund managers work to find out which investments they imagine will outperform. They then regulate the fund's positions to accommodate for changing conditions.
Generally, investing in other firms' funds is much like investing in Vanguard mutual funds besides that you must have a Vanguard Brokerage Account. This data shouldn't be and cannot below any circumstances be deemed to be funding recommendation or an exhortation to speculate. Well, in case of a person it means all the array of your investments, like equity, debt, FDs, PPF, and Gold and so on. In case of a Mutual Fund nonetheless, it is the whole of the all of the investments that's made beneath that specific fund as well as the cash available. Investors in Hartford's Balanced, Capital Appreciation, Floating Rate, Growth Opportunities, Healthcare and Inflation Plus funds said the company's charges have been too high, together with on funds with massive asset bases.
Account information. Check out this part to view present holdings, obtainable balances, and any orders you've gotten pending. iShares and Vanguard's S&P 500 ETFs have the very same expense ratio of zero.04% of property, and their historical performance is almost an identical – each funds monitor the S&P 500 – so it will make sense to dodge the transaction charge by using iShares' ETF as an alternative of Vanguard's ETF or mutual fund for those who just so happen to have already got a Fidelity account.
All whole returns assume the reinvestment of all dividend and capital gain distributions at net asset value when paid. All complete returns without gross sales charge don't mirror the deduction of the current most sales cost or the relevant contingent deferred sales cost or any applicable redemption fee. Had those charges been deducted the outcomes would have been lower than shown.
Keep in thoughts you can't convert ETF Shares back to conventional shares. If you determine sooner or later to promote your Vanguard ETF Shares and repurchase conventional shares, that transaction may very well be taxable. If you do not wish to analysis which funds suit your wants and then do the continued rebalancing work necessary to take care of your portfolio, then Fidelity's single-fund strategies could be right for you.
Mutual funds, Vanguard or not, are redeemable every day. This is taken into account very liquid. Vanguard mutual funds aren't anymore liquid than other mutual funds, however ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds) might be traded throughout the day. Vanguard gives each mutual funds and ETFs and often has mutual funds that mimic their ETFs and vice versa. If you might be investing with Vanguard and you might be in search of more than each day liquidity, think about looking at their ETFs.
How you make investments starts with selecting an asset mix that's according to your present circumstances and your quick- and lengthy-time period goals. You may also discover these, and different, model portfolios in our Planning & Guidance Center , which may help you identify the right combination for you. If you know your asset mix, you can choose it under the-future-of-the-franchise-2. Nothing on this Site shall be thought-about a solicitation to purchase or a suggestion to sell a security, or some other product or service, to any individual in any jurisdiction where such solicitation, provide, buy or sale would be illegal below the legal guidelines of that jurisdiction. You agree to receive occasional updates and particular presents for The New York Times's services and products.
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Fees can do terrible damage to your investment returns. Even in higher-danger, larger-return asset courses reminiscent of stocks you can solely expect excessive-single digit or low double-digit returns over lengthy periods of time. So if you find yourself paying 1 percent to a monetary adviser, and then 1 percent to 2 p.c on top of that in mutual fund fees and then regulate for inflation (2 % to three % a year), you're shedding half of your returns or more, Swensen says. The odds, he says, are overwhelmingly in favor of index funds.
You shall not be bound by the provisions of confidentiality contained in this Agreement if such Holdings Information 1) is or turns into publicly identified by means of no act or omission of the Financial Institution, its employees, agents or subcontractors; 2) is lawfully disclosed to you by a 3rd occasion with out restriction and without any obligation of confidentiality; 3) is required to be disclosed by any governmental body, regulatory physique (including without limitation any relevant securities trade) or court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise pursuant to any statutory or regulatory obligation.
How to build an index portfolio? To begin with, stick with Vanguard-sponsored mutual funds and trade-traded funds. Vanguard virtually invented index funds and has a long time of experience operating them—virtually with no hiccup. Don't child your self: It takes real expertise to handle an index fund properly, which means coming as close as humanly potential to matching the return of the underlying index.
Ultragenyx was hardly a hidden gem. Several of Fidelity's rivals, including American Funds, BlackRock and Columbia Management, also obtained in on the early motion before the company's initial public offering. Columbia's Acorn Fund, for example, invested $10 million at the same time as F-Prime and had an unrealized gain of practically 1,100%, or $108 million, in mid-2015 before unwinding part of its place, U.S. regulatory filings show.
In that spirit, over the last few weeks, each Seeking Alpha and a subscriber requested about one fund in particular, the Fidelity Contrafund ( FCNTX ). Added extra Morningstar Ratings info: Overall, 3, 5, 10 and number of funds in category. Anywhere where Morningstar Ratings is available, FV will show these new data factors. A glossary merchandise as added as nicely. Trading Flexibility – You get buying and selling flexibility if you choose an ETF. ETFs are bought and sold in the course of the day when the markets are open, and pricing is steady through normal buying and selling hours.
BOGLE: It diversifies away the chance of individual investments. It diversifies away the danger of picking a hot supervisor and diversifies away the thought you could decide market sectors like health care, know-how, or wherever it might be. Unlike shares that commerce during the day, the share price of a mutual fund is determined at the finish of the trading the-future-of-the-franchise-2 day. That price is named the online asset worth, or NAV. The NAV is the sum whole of the value of all of the holdings throughout the fund. Because of their slender focus, sector investments are usually extra risky than investments that diversify throughout many sectors and companies. So traders should keep a balanced portfolio and maintain investing by way of SIP mode in accordance with their targets.
Mutual funds are a number of the most prolific investments found in the marketplace. One of the important thing questions traders ask earlier than committing capital to such investments is about their liquidity. In other phrases, an investor wants to know summit-county-true-estate how simply he can sell his shares and redeem them for money. Beginners to investing in mutual funds most know the varied huge mutual funds in India. Most of the equity mutual funds give good returns when the markets are climbing. There are many mutual funds in India.


text:
Window Buttress (von  und ) ist ein rund  hohes Kliff im Süden der Adelaide-Insel vor der Westküste der Antarktischen Halbinsel. Es ragt nahe dem südöstlichen Ende des Fuchs-Piedmont-Gletschers und 5 km westnordwestlich des Gipfels des Mount Ditte auf.

Das UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee benannte es 1982 so, weil der obere Teil des Kliffs aus südwestlicher Blickrichtung an ein Fenster erinnert.

Weblinks
  (englisch)
 Window Buttress auf geographic.org (englisch)

Geographie (Antarktika)
Adelaide-Insel
Kliff