text:
Art Teacher Romance Ch. 06
admin Ocak 9, 2021 Ocak 9, 2021 Yorum yok Art Teacher Romance Ch. 06
This is Chapter 6 of the Art Teacher Romance Series. You do not have to read the first five chapters to enjoy this Chapter, but I hope you will want to read them all.
Also, you might enjoy the "Art Class with Julie" series which appears in the Erotic Couplings section. Terry, one of the two main characters in this story, is first introduced in "Art Class with Julie Chapter 03." Other characters appearing here were first introduced in that series as well.
This story has some heterosexual activity, but it is primarily a Lesbian love story, hence the placement in this section
Comments and criticism is always welcome.
The night table lamps cast a soft evening light around the guest bedroom. Terry and Anne relaxed under the covers of the queen sized bed. As Terry rolled onto her left side, she gently draped her right arm across Anne's bare belly, rubbing her hand along Anne's soft hip.
"Those flowers are really beautiful," Anne said. "I can't believe you bought them for me."
"I wanted to celebrate," Terry responded. "It's our anniversary. Well our one month anniversary. One month since we first started seeing each other." Terry used her fingertips to trace Anne's belly button.
"Hmmm, I love when you do that." Anne purred. "You really didn't have to bring me anything. It's been a long time since I got flowers. Rob hasn't done that for years." The mention of her husbands name left an awkward silence hanging in the room. Terry stopped caressing Anne's belly for a moment. "Sorry," Anne cut in, "I thought you were okay with us talking about Rob."
"No, no, that's okay. It just sort of caught me short. We've discussed this before. You're married. You love Rob. That's good. We'll work around it."
"So you're not jealous?" Anne asked cautiously.
"I'm a little jealous," Terry said. "I get to spend maybe two nights a week with you; Rob gets you the rest of the time. I know he was here first, and you're married, and you have two children in college, and all that. I just want to be able spend as much time with you as possible. We'll figure all of this out."
"So you can start rubbing my belly again?" Anne said with a questioning smile on her face.
"Sure," Terry said as she resumed her gentle caresses. "And I'll kiss your neck, and your ear, and whatever else my lips can find." And Terry did exactly as she said, making Anne squirm slightly as the kisses tickled her neck. Terry laid her head back on her pillow, giving Anne a moment to recover. Then Terry's hand started working its way up Anne's belly, to her breasts. Terry loved the way that Anne's small breasts fit neatly into her cupped hands. With Anne laying on her back her breasts flattened down even more then usual; only a slight mound remained for Terry's caress. Terry's hands caused Anne nipples to harden. Anne's eyes were closed allowing her to relax and absorb the pleasure of Terry's caress.
"I want to ask you a question," Terry said.
"Hmmm?" was all the response Anne could muster.
"Was Rob your first?"
"My first what?" Anne asked in a languid voice. Terry's hand had settled into a gentle circular massage of Anne's left breast; small ripples of pleasure radiated through Anne's body.
"Your first lover. Did you have sex with anyone before Rob?" Terry's asked in a gentle voice.
"No. He was the second guy I had sex with. We met sophomore year in college, down in Champagne, at the University of Illinois. We were in an English Literature class together. He was very cute and sweet."
"He asked me out on a date. To a movie. 'The Big Chill.' He was such a gentleman. He wouldn't even kiss me until our third date. Two weeks later, his roommate went out of town for the weekend, and I spent the night with Rob."
Terry moved her hand down to Anne's pubic hair and began gently combing her fingers through the dark brown patch.
"But he wasn't my first. That was Steve, a guy I knew in high school. We were seniors and had been dating for six months. I think kids today start having sex a little younger then when I was in High School. We were both eighteen by the time we started dating. We would kiss in the front seat of his car, or during a move in the theater. Pretty soon, I let him touch my breasts. It seemed so erotic the first time he did that." Anne sighed at the memory, while Terry smiled at the image of the two young lovers first explorations.
Anne continued, "I remember how proud he was of himself when he figured out how to unsnap my bra. It took him five minutes and both hands güvenilir canlı bahis siteleri and he practically rubbed my back raw, but he finally got it." Anne and Terry laughed. "Then, of course, I let him slip his hand down my jeans. Wow, that was something; having someone else touch me down there. Even if he had no idea what he was doing, it still felt wonderful. While he had his hands on me, I kind of started rubbing him through his jeans. So he's getting pretty excited and I have no idea what I'm doing, but just kind of rubbing my hand on this big bulge in his jeans and all of a sudden he let's out a little scream and his whole body stiffens up and then he sort of collapses. I thought I had killed him or something."
"You made him cum just by rubbing his cock through his jeans?"
"Uhmm, well, I'm not sure I would have said it exactly like that, but I guess that's basically what happened."
Anne was clearly enjoying retelling this story. Terry moved her fingers down to Anne's wet slit. Terry wasn't sure if it was her caresses or recounting past experiences that had Anne so turned on. It didn't really matter to Terry at that moment.
"We sort of repeated that same sequence a few more times. He'd pop off my bra. I'd let him into my panties. A little rubbing and boom. Eventually, I decided I wanted to try a little more. One evening, we were sitting in his car, working our way along, and I unsnapped his pants and pulled them down. He was a little surprised but very aroused."
"Oh come on Anne," Terry teased. "You're being coy again. He had a hard-on. A boner. His cock was hard as a rock. You can say it." Terry had stopped everything else for the moment. She enjoyed teasing Anne about her modest vocabulary. Then she went back to running her fingers up and down Anne's slit.
"Right. What you said," Anne smirked as she said it. "Anyway, I started stroking him. This might have been the first time anyone else had ever touched his…cock," Anne said this in an exaggerated voice, "like that. It didn't take more then a few times up and down. He leaned back and sort of thrust his hips up. Next thing I knew, he's ejaculating all over the place. There's white stuff shooting out of him, getting on my breasts, in my hair, on the steering wheel. Everywhere."
Terry inserted her middle finger into Anne's pussy, stroking upwards, feeling the ridges of her g-spot. Anne's breathing was becoming a little more labored as she continued telling her story.
"Mmmm, keep doing that. It took a while to clean ourselves up and I was a little more careful how I handled him after that. Then on graduation night, we went out with a bunch of friends. Mostly couples but a few singles. After desert at a local diner, the two of us went for a drive. We parked. I don't think anything was really said between us, we both knew what we were going to do. We climbed into the back seat of the car. He unbuttoned my shirt and took off my bra. Next thing I knew my pants were off and he was pulling down my panties. I had to help him, but only a little bit. By then I was pretty expert at getting him out of his pants, not that he gave any resistance. I think I was pretty excited about it; I was certainly wet enough. He didn't have any trouble entering me. I guess I had expected it to be painful, but it wasn't. He slid right in. We were pretty dumb, we didn't use condoms or anything like that. He was on top of me, I remember that. We didn't really know what to do after he was inside me."
As Anne continued to talk, Terry continued stoking inside Anne's pussy, then pressing down on Anne's pubic bone with the heal of her hand. Anne started wriggling her hips, pushing up against Terry's hand. Terry gave one more firm stroke with her finger sending Anne over the top. Anne's toes curled tight, her knees squeezed together as all of her muscles responded to the orgasm crashing through her body. She pressed her head back firmly against the pillow, arching her back upwards as one final wave of pleasure took hold of her. And then she relaxed back onto the bed, Terry's hand still resting on her crotch, one finger still insider of her.
When Anne's breathing returned to normal, Terry asked "Well what happened?"
Anne looked at her with a slightly confused look on her face, "You made me cum."
Terry laughed, "No silly, not that. What happened with the high school boyfriend?"
"Nature sort of took over," Anne said. She took Terry's hand out from between her thighs. "He started pumping in and out of me." Anne moved Terry's fingers to her lips. "In," Anne sucked in on güvenilir illegal bahis siteleri Terry's middle finger, still coated with the liquid from her pussy. "And out," Anne pulled Terry's finger out against the suction of her mouth. Terry gasped at the sensation. "That was about it. He didn't last very long that first time. I didn't have an orgasm or anything like that. But it was good. I really liked Steve. We stayed together until just before we both went off to college."
Terry snuggled up against Anne's neck, breathing in a deep and refreshing breath. "That's a good story. Thanks for telling me."
"Not so fast young lady," Anne said, turning on her side to look at Terry. "I told you my first time story. What about you? Did you ever have sex with a man? What was your first time like?"
"Busted!" Terry exclaimed. "I guess I can't hide on this one. And the answer to your question is no, I have never had sex with a man. I was never interested. When you were like fifteen years old, did you ever practice kissing with your girl friends?"
"Sure, I think a lot of girls do that. We would kiss and talk about some hot senior or a football player and how we would kiss them if we ever got the chance."
"Uh, huh. I did the same thing. But it was different for me. While we were always talking about some guy, I was thinking about how I really wanted to keep kissing the girl I was with; or maybe one of the cheerleaders." Anne laughed out loud hearing about the cheer leader. "I was lucky, it never really bothered me that I wasn't interested in boys. I was always pretty confident in myself, so that must have helped."
"But didn't any of your friends say anything? I'm sure you were as pretty in high school as you are today. Didn't people talk?"
"Not really. I had a friend, Sean. Today I know for sure that he's gay. Back then, we didn't really talk about it. He and I would go to dances or out with friends as a couple. He wasn't trying to get into my pants and I never asked him to kiss me. I guess we sort of protected each other. It wasn't until my freshman year in college that I figure things out about myself."
Now Anne decided to repay the pleasures that Terry had given to her. Both women were lying on their sides, facing each other. Anne ran her left hand along Terry's arm, the small blonde hairs tickling her as she went along. When she reached Terry's hand, she gave a small squeeze of her fingers.
"I want to hear this, so don't stop just because I look busy," Anne instructed, as she squirmed her way down slightly on the bed. Anne's lips were now perfectly aligned with the nipple of Terry's right breast. Terry's breasts were quite a bit larger then Anne's and lying on her side helped exaggerate their size. Anne ran her tongue around Terry's large areolas. Terry's nipple hardened in response to the stimulation.
"Hmmm; okay. Freshman year. I was at an off campus party with a bunch of my art school friends; some of the senior girls were hosting at their apartment. I was talking with one of the hostesses, Kyle. She was pretty; long red hair, a pointy little nose, green eyes, thin as a rail. I was sitting down and she was leaning over me. The neckline of her dress sort of draped open in front of me. I guess I was staring at her tits while we were talking. They were really cute; pale white with very long, dark red nipples."
Hearing this, Anne suckled on Terry's nipple for a few seconds. Terry moaned in response. Anne left Terry's nipple and simply pressed the side of her face up against Terry's chest. But with her left hand, Anne began firmly massaging Terry's butt.
"We were probably both a little bit drunk." Terry continued her story, losing track for a moment of where she was. "I think Kyle knew I was staring at her tits. Pretty soon, she's sitting next to me on the couch asking me about boy friends. We said I thought boy friends were kind of a drag. Then Kyle leaned over and kissed me on the lips. Right there. On the couch. At a party. With our friends all around. I guess because this was an artsy group, it wasn't that big of a deal, but it seemed kind of strange to me. I didn't resist. Staring at Kyles breasts like I had been sort of loosened me up. I didn't want it to stop. Kyle was wearing a short dress. I remember that very well. We were kissing, her tongue was all over mine. Then Kyle took my hand and put it under her skirt. She wasn't wearing panties or anything. My hand was right on her pussy. I'd never touched another girl like that. And she was very wet."
Terry was very wet too as Anne soon discovered. güvenilir bahis şirketleri Anne rolled Terry back so that she way laying flat on the bed. Anne quickly walked the four fingers of her left hand along the length of Terry's torso, from neck to crotch, ending with one finger sliding easily between Terry's pussy lips. But Anne wanted to prolong Terry's excitement so she quickly focused her attention in other areas.
"Keep going, I want to hear how this turns out," Anne said as she sat up and moved down to Terry's feet. For each foot, Anne alternated between massaging the instep and nibbling on the big toe. This sent little shivers through Terry's body.
Terry recovered her thoughts and continued her story. "I rubbed Kyle's wet slit a few times and then she took my hand and licked my finger. I doubt I even knew where we were by that point. I guess Kyle decided that we should continue somewhere a little more private, because we stood up, she took my hand and led me into her bedroom.
"She didn't waste any time asking me about my experience or anything. Kyle pulled her dress up over her head and kicked off her shoes. She was beautiful. Thin, as I said. Her breasts were very small but with really big, dark, sort of puffy nipples that popped out from her pale skin. Her long red hair went down to her waist. She sat down on the bed and lifted her feet up. Her pussy was just glaring at me. I couldn't take my eyes off it. Her pubic hair was orange colored, almost like a carrot. And her pussy lips were very red, slick and enlarged from excitement. I had never done anything like it, but I wanted to taste her right then, but Kyle had other ideas.
"She told me to come closer, which I did. Then she removed my clothes, quickly, not seductively. She just wanted me naked. Standing in front of her, she started fingering my pussy. Another new experience for me. It didn't take long before she had me coming all over her hand."
Anne was listening to this as she continued the foot massage. Now Anne raised Terry's knees up slightly and spread her legs apart, making plenty of room for her to have easy access to Terry's crotch.
"Kyle knew what she wanted, though. She had me kneel down on the floor in front of her and held me by the back of my head, directing my face into her dripping pussy. I remember the taste even today. It filled my head with the taste of cinnamon and honey. She helped me as we went along, telling me where to place my tongue, when to lick, when to suck. She came probably five times that night."
Anne knew that Terry was ready, too. She pressed the tip of her tongue first deep into Terry's waiting pussy, licking out the smooth lubricants within. Anne loved the spicy sweet taste of Terry's pussy, it distracted her thoughts even when the two woman were apart. Anne next slid her tongue along the edges of Terry's inner pussy lips. Around and around, covering each spot twice. Stopping just below her pussy and flicking her tongue along the short expanse between Terry anus and pussy. Terry flinched at this sensation. Anne placed her fingers inside Terry's pussy and moved her tongue up near Terry's engorged clitoris. Anne lightly ran her tongue on either side of Terry's clit, while pressing in and out with her fingers. Anne felt Terry's pussy squeeze tight on her fingers as her orgasm took hold. Terry grabbed Anne by the back of her head and pressed her lips in firmly against her clitoris, rocking Anne's head from side to side to add more stimulation. Terry's thigh and stomach muscles contracted, pulling her up into a crunch position, pressing Anne harder against her crotch. Then, finally, Terry's body began to relax, releasing her grip on Anne. Anne moved up on the bed, lying face to face along side Terry.
"Did I hurt you?" Terry asked, worried that she had been overly aggressive in her climax.
"No. I'm fine," Anne assured her. "What ever happened to Kyle?" Anne asked.
"Hmmm. Oh, right," Terry was having trouble focusing. "Kyle. We fooled around for a while. I don't think we were exactly lovers. It was mostly about the sex. She was a good teacher. But I didn't fall in love with her or anything like that. When it ended, it ended. No big deal."
"Are you still in touch with her?"
"No. I lost touch shortly after she graduated. Last I heard she was happily married and has two kids. She was living in Des Moines working as a graphic artist for one of the insurance companies. Even then I didn't think of her as a lesbian. She just liked having sex. Male, female, it didn't matter to her. I bet her husband has his hands full with her."
"I'd bet your right about that."
The two women lay next to each other, holding hands, heads lightly touching.
"Is Rob coming home tonight? I'd like to stay the night with you."
"Rob? No. I made sure he was away on a business trip today. It's our one month anniversary, remember?"
Teyze Kızları ve Konser-1-
Black Bob Had Me
Cara's Hairy Woman Fetish Changes
Bitch Boi Ch. 03
Anılarım 16 – Otobüste için Gizli
A Public Argument Ch. 03 için merhaba
Polis Gayla için Ceycey
mayo alırken için Ceycey
Acımadan Hepsini Siktim 4. bölüm için Ceycey
English Sex Story
Free Sex Stories
sakarya escort sakarya escort tuzla escort izmir escort maltepe escort ankara escort pendik escort sivas escort adana escort adıyaman escort afyon escort denizli escort ankara escort antalya escort izmit escort beylikdüzü escort bodrum escort
baykusajans.orgporno izle eryaman escort sakarya escort elazığ escort porno izle güvenilir bahis kaçak bahis bahis siteleri canlı bahis türkçe bahis canlı bahis	bursa escort bursa escort bursa escort sakarya travesti


text:
Review: Laughter & Heartfelt Tears in Tal... Return to Community-led Initiatives to Take Part in Fro...
Vancouver-made Harpoon and the Irish thriller The Perished are highlights of this year's Badass film festival (postponed)
by Shawn Conner in Entertainment, Insider on March 11, 2020
A promotional image for the Vancouver-made Harpoon, one of the movies screening at Badass 6.
Looking for the latest and weirdest in genre films? Badass 6 has your backside.
A privately-funded film festival, Badass showcases features and shorts in genre cinema from around the world. Now in its sixth year, the festival takes place March 27-29 in East Vancouver, at four Commercial Drive-adjacent locations: the Rio Theatre (1660 E. Broadway), Havana Theatre (1212 Commercial Dr.), and the Vancouver East Cultural Centre (1895 Venables St.), along with the Legion Branch 179 (2205 Commercial Dr., for the March 27 launch party).
In all, there are 12 events, including eight features, 50+ shorts, and the Genre Film Awards gala closing show which will include reptiles, fire burlesque, and circus sideshow acts. See below for some highlights from Badass 6—if you dare. (Click on film titles to view trailers.)
In The Perished, from Limerick Ireland, a young woman (Courtney McKeown) goes to an old to recover from an abortion. But the house has secrets of its own. "This is an impressively dark tale rooted in real-life horrors with the full, unashamed courage of its convictions that will appeal to genre fans and liberal activists alike – no mean feat," wrote Joey Keogh at wickedhorror.com. (Canadian premiere)
Courtney McKeon in the Irish horror movie The Perished. It screens with Badass 6.
Making its BC premiere is the Vancouver-made Harpoon, which Variety called "enthusiastically violent, sharply packaged and gamely acted by three able young thesps who make the most of their roles' frequently over-the-top nature."
Described by Film Threat as plotless, Atlanta-based writer/director Brian K. Williams' Jessie's Super Normal Regular Average Day features telepathic snails, a non-sequitur rap music video, couch driving, magical food items, and a rockabilly evangelical reverend. "None of this makes sense. None of this goes anywhere. It's just a balls-to-the-wall journey to the credits of the movie. Depending on your personal tastes, this could be a complete waste of your time, or it could be exactly what you're looking for," says Film Threat's Anthony Ray Bench. (Canadian premiere)
"Brilliant, original, and not what you expect," Montreal's Dead Dicks premiered at the 2019 Fantasia Film Festival, where at least one reviewer called it "surprise hit" of the festival. "The script alone is a marvel of subtlety and intelligence, and for a micro-budget film made in a span of only ten days, Dead Dicks is funny, unexpected, and engaging," writes Ricky Fernandes Da Conceição at goombastomp.com.
Other features include Bullet Trip (Japan, 2019), Beyond the Woods (B.C., 2019), Open for Submissions (BC, 2019), and 2030 (USA, 2019).
Among the shorts are two of last year's Badass script contest winners, including local Tristan Risk's Reptile House. In all, eight new features and 50+ shorts will screen. Organizers promise that the Genre Film Awards gala closing show (at the Rio, 1660 E. Broadway) "will also be the biggest yet with reptiles, fire burlesque, and circus sideshow acts."
For tickets and showtimes visit vbaff.com.
Tagged: film festivals, Vancouver films, Vancouver movies, Vancouver theatres

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Unter Geschmacksstörungen oder auch Schmeckstörungen (Dysgeusien) werden in der Medizin Störungen des Geschmackempfindens (Gustatorik) verstanden. Sie können durch verschiedene Erkrankungen, aber auch durch Medikamente hervorgerufen werden.

Einteilung
Das normale Geschmacksempfinden wird als Normogeusie bezeichnet. Man unterteilt Dysgeusien in qualitative und quantitative Geschmacksstörungen.

 Qualitative Geschmacksstörungen
 Parageusie: veränderte Wahrnehmung von Geschmacksreizen

 Phantogeusie: Geschmackseindrücke ohne Reizquelle
 Quantitative Geschmacksstörungen
 Hypogeusie: Verminderte Geschmackswahrnehmung
 Ageusie: Verlust der Geschmackswahrnehmung
 komplette Ageusie: Menschen mit dieser Art der Dysgeusie nehmen keinerlei Geschmacksreize mehr wahr.
 funktionelle Ageusie: Der Geschmackssinn der Betroffenen ist erheblich eingeschränkt.
 partielle Ageusie: Menschen mit dieser Geschmacksstörung können einen bestimmten Geschmacksstoff nicht wahrnehmen. Auf andere Geschmacksreize reagieren sie dagegen normal.
 Hypergeusie: Gesteigerte Geschmackswahrnehmung

Grundlagen

Geschmacksqualitäten sind nur süß, sauer, salzig, bitter und umami. Man kann sie mit Zuckerlösung, Citronensäure, Kochsalzlösung, Chininlösung und Glutaminsäure prüfen. "Scharf" wird zwar als Geschmacksempfindung qualifiziert, ist aber genau genommen ein Schmerzsignal der Nerven bei Speisen, die beispielsweise mit Chili gewürzt sind, dann hervorgerufen durch das Alkaloid Capsaicin. Daneben werden weitere Geschmacksqualitäten diskutiert, wie fettig, alkalisch, metallisch und wasserartig. Die "Färbung" des Geschmackes erfolgt über die Nase. Ein Ausfall der Riechzellen (Anosmie) beeinflusst daher den Geschmackssinn ebenfalls.

Die Geschmacksnerven für die vorderen zwei Drittel der Zunge entstammen der Chorda tympani, einem Ast des Nervus facialis (VII. Hirnnerv). Sie verlaufen zusammen mit dem Nervus lingualis, einem Ast des Nervus mandibularis des Nervus trigeminus (V. Hirnnerv). Das hintere Drittel der Zunge wird vom Nervus glossopharyngeus (IX. Hirnnerv) innerviert. (Für motorische und sensible Innervation siehe Zunge).

Ursachen

Zu einer Geschmacksstörung kann es kommen durch Schädigung oder Funktionsbeeinträchtigung
 der Geschmacksknospen,
 der peripheren Nerven, welche die Geschmacksreize von den Geschmacksknospen ins zentrale Nervensystem leiten, oder
 der Geschmacksbahn (Schmeckbahn) mit Verlauf im Gehirn.

Häufige Ursachen für Dysgeusie sind Chemotherapie, Asthmabehandlung mit Salbutamol und Zinkmangel. Lebererkrankungen, Schilddrüsenunterfunktion und (selten) bestimmte Arten von Epilepsien können ebenfalls zu Dysgeusie führen. Geschmacksstörungen können bei Psychosen auftreten, beispielsweise bei der Schizophrenie, bei chronischem Konsum von Drogen und Betäubungsmitteln, bei Diabetes mellitus, bei chronischem Nierenversagen oder einer Lebererkrankung. Avitaminose, endokrine Erkrankungen, Hypothyreose und das Malabsorptionssyndrom können das Geschmacksempfinden beeinträchtigen.

Störung der Geschmacksknospen
Die Geschmacksknospen können durch verschiedene Ursachen vorübergehend oder dauerhaft geschädigt werden und dadurch zu einer Ageusie führen. Ursachen für eine Schädigung der Geschmacksknospen sind beispielsweise:

 Infektionen im Mund und Rachenraum, zum Beispiel Scharlach oder grippale Infekte
 Autoimmunerkrankungen, wie das Sjögren-Syndrom
 Erkrankungen der Mundschleimhaut oder der Zunge, zum Beispiel durch Vitamin B12- oder Eisenmangel
 schädigende Wirkung von Zellgiften wie Nicotin oder Alkohol
 Leber- und Nierenerkrankungen
 mangelhafte Mundhygiene

Nervleitungsstörung von den Geschmacksknospen zum Gehirn
Nervleitungsstörung können auftreten bei
 Ohroperationen
 Entfernung der Gaumenmandeln (Tonsillektomie)
 Hirntumoren
 Enzephalitis
 Neuritis
 Verletzungen von Hirnstamm oder Großhirn, zum Beispiel durch einen Schädelbasisbruch
 Läsionen der Hirnnerven, beispielsweise der Chorda tympani, bei der Mittelohrentzündung (Otitis media) oder des Nervus facialis nach Felsenbeinfraktur
 Angeborene Formen finden sich bei Patienten mit Turner-Syndrom (X0) und familiärer Dysautonomie (Riley-Day-Syndrom).

Schädigung von Gehirnarealen, die für die Geschmackswahrnehmung zuständig sind
 Absterben von Gehirnzellen durch sogenannte neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, zum Beispiel bei der Alzheimer-Krankheit
 Posttraumatisches Anosmie-Ageusie-Syndrom
 Multiple Sklerose
 Epilepsie

Chemotherapie
Eine der Hauptursachen für Dysgeusie ist die Chemotherapie bei Krebserkrankungen. Der genaue Mechanismus der Chemotherapie-induzierten Dysgeusie ist unbekannt. Eine Chemotherapie führt häufig zu einer Schädigung der Mundhöhle, was zu einer oralen Mukositis, einer oralen Infektion und einer Fehlfunktion der Speicheldrüse führt. Durch eine Chemotherapie kann die in der Regel nicht pathogene Mundflora schwere Infektionen verursachen, die zu einer Verringerung des Speichels führen können. Darüber hinaus verlieren Patienten, die sich einer Strahlentherapie unterziehen, auch Speichelgewebe. Speichel ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Geschmacksmechanismus. Er interagiert mit den Geschmacksrezeptoren im Mund und schützt sie. Speichel vermittelt sauren und süßen Geschmack durch Bicarbonat-Ionen beziehungsweise Glutamate. Der Salzgeschmack wird induziert, wenn der Natriumchloridgehalt die Konzentration im Speichel übersteigt. Beispiele für Chemotherapie-Behandlungen, die zu Dysgeusie führen können, sind Cyclophosphamid, Cisplatin und Etoposid.

Weitere mögliche Ursachen
Geschmackssinneszellen (10–50 pro Geschmacksknospe) haben eine mittlere Lebensdauer von 10 Tagen und werden aus Basalzellen der Geschmacksknospe regeneriert. Die geschätzte Zahl der Geschmacksknospen nimmt mit dem Alter ab. Bei der Geburt existieren etwa 10.000 Geschmacksknospen, beim Erwachsenen nimmt die Zahl kontinuierlich auf 5.000 bis 3.000 Geschmacksknospen ab. Im hohen Alter reduziert sich die Zahl auf unter 2.000. Somit reduziert sich das Geschmacksempfinden mit zunehmendem Alter.

Die Strahlentherapie von Kopf und Hals in der Krebstherapie führt neben den Auswirkungen einer veränderten Speichelproduktion auch zu einer direkten Zerstörung der Geschmacksknospen. Es kommt zu einem Verlust von Mikrovilli und der Reduktion von intrazellulären Vesikeln des Typs III.

Als weitere mögliche Ursache für die Dysgeusie wird ein Zinkmangel diskutiert. Während die genaue Rolle von Zink bei Dysgeusie nicht bekannt ist, ist Zink teilweise für die Reparatur und Produktion von Geschmacksknospen verantwortlich.

Xerostomie (Mundtrockenheitssyndrom) kann zu Dysgeusie führen, da ein normaler Speichelfluss und eine normale Konzentration für den Geschmack erforderlich sind. Zu einer Geschmacksstörung können auch Faktoren wie Gastroösophagealer Reflux, Bleivergiftung und Diabetes mellitus beitragen. Bestimmte Pestizide können die Geschmacksknospen und Nerven im Mund schädigen. Patienten, die an dem Burning-Mouth-Syndrom leiden, beklagen häufig auch eine Dysgeusie.

Bei häufiger Reizung kommt es zu einer Sensibilitätsabnahme (Pfeffer, scharfe Gewürze). Lern- und Konditionierprozesse sind vermutlich verantwortlich für die Präferenz von scharfen Gewürzen (Endorphinproduktion, Speichelproduktion).

Dysgeusie durch Arzneimittel
Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Medikamenten, die Dysgeusie auslösen können, darunter Zopiclon, H1-Antihistaminika wie Azelastin und Emedastin. Ungefähr 250 Medikamente beeinflussen den Geschmack. Die an Geschmacksrezeptoren gebundenen Natriumkanäle können durch Amilorid gehemmt werden, und die Bildung neuer Geschmacksknospen und von Speichel kann durch antiproliferative Medikamente behindert werden. Speichel kann Spuren des Arzneimittels haben und einen metallischen Geschmack im Mund verursachen; Beispiele hierfür sind Lithiumcarbonat und Tetracycline. Sulfhydrylgruppenhaltige Arzneimittel, einschließlich Penicillamin und Captopril, können mit Zink reagieren und einen Mangel verursachen. Metronidazol und Chlorhexidin wechselwirken mit Metallionen, die mit der Zellmembran assoziiert sind. Medikamente, die das Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System blockieren, beispielsweise durch Antagonisierung des Angiotensin-II-Rezeptors (wie Eprosartan), wurden mit Dysgeusie in Verbindung gebracht. Es gibt nur wenige Fälle, in denen behauptet wird, Kalziumkanalblocker wie Amlodipin würden durch die Blockierung kalziumempfindlicher Geschmacksknospen ebenfalls Dysgeusie verursachen.

Arzneimittel können spezifische und unspezifische Geschmackstörungen verursachen. Die Beschwerden sind nach dem Absetzen des Arzneimittels meist reversibel.

Ergänzende Diagnostik
Die Gustometrie ist ein diagnostisches Verfahren zur Überprüfung des Geschmackssinnes. Während bei der Chemogustometrie Reaktionen auf Stoffe getestet werden, kann bei der Elektrogustometrie die Reaktionsfähigkeit hinsichtlich elektrischer Ströme untersucht werden. Die Geschmackstestung erfolgt seitenspezifisch mit Hilfe durch Aufträufeln von gelösten Substanzen (Süßstoff, Citronensäure, Kochsalz, Chininsulfat).

Unterschieden wird die Subjektive Gustometrie, bei der die Angaben des Patienten im Vordergrund stehen, von der Objektiven Gustometrie, die diese Angaben überprüfbar macht.
 Es lassen sich Minimalkonzentrationen angeben, die für die Detektion von Geschmacksmolekülen erforderlich sind. In manchen Fällen erfordert die Klassifikation der Geschmacksmoleküle höhere Konzentrationen: so soll eine gerade wahrnehmbare Salzkonzentration süß schmecken, erst eine höhere salzig.
 Langdauernde Stimulation mit Geschmacksmolekülen bewirkt eine Adaptation. Nach der Entfernung des Stimulus soll es wie im visuellen System zu "negativen" Nachbildern kommen.
 Die Geschmackswahrnehmung wird durch olfaktorische (Geruch) und sensible Reize beeinflusst.
 Mit zunehmendem Alter nimmt die Geschmacksempfindlichkeit ab.

Bei Tests von Zungenregionen werden 20 bis 50 µl flüssigen Testlösungen mit einer Pipette, getränkten Filterpapierscheiben oder Wattestäbchen auf die vordere und hintere Zunge gegeben. Beim Test des gesamten Mundes werden kleine Mengen (2–10 ml) der Lösung verabreicht, und der Patient wird aufgefordert, die Lösung im Mund herumzuschwenken.

Eine objektive Überprüfung von Geschmacksstörungen ist nur über die Messung von Hirnströmen möglich (sogenannte gustatorisch evozierte Potentiale im Elektroenzephalogramm). Zusätzlich werden vegetative Parameter wie Atemfrequenz und Hautwiderstand gemessen.

Die Magnetresonanztomographie ermöglicht die direkte Visualisierung der Hirnnerven. Darüber hinaus liefert sie wichtige Informationen zu Art und Ursache einer möglichen Läsion.

Zellkulturen können zur Diagnostik verwendet werden, wenn der Verdacht auf Pilz- oder Bakterieninfektionen besteht.

Darüber hinaus sollte eine Speichelanalyse durchgeführt werden, da sie die Umgebung für Geschmacksrezeptoren darstellt, einschließlich des Transports von Geschmacksstoffen zum Rezeptor und des Schutzes des Geschmacksrezeptors. Typische klinische Untersuchungen umfassen die Sialometrie (Bestimmung der Speichelfließrate) und die Sialochemie (Bestimmung der Speichelzusammensetzung).

Studien haben gezeigt, dass elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen von Geschmacksrezeptoren aus Speichelproben auf pathologische Veränderungen der Geschmacksknospen von Patienten mit Dysgeusie und anderen Geschmacksstörungen hinweisen.

Therapie
Die Auswirkungen einer medikamentenbedingten Dysgeusie können häufig durch Unterbrechen der Behandlung des Patienten mit geschmacksverändernden Medikamenten aufgehoben werden. Gegebenenfalls kann ein Medikamentenwechsel erforderlich sein.

Bei Chemotherapie-induzierten Geschmacksstörungen kann Miraculin, ein lokal an den Geschmacksknospen wirkendes pflanzliches Glykoprotein, Linderung verschaffen.

Eine Therapie der zu Grunde liegenden Erkrankungen oder Verletzungen ist angezeigt.

Gegen Mundtrockenheit (Hyposalivation) werden Speichelersatzmittel als Symptomatische Therapie eingesetzt (benetzendes Gel, Aerosol, Mundwasser, Kaumittel) sowie Pilocarpin.

Von vielen Medikamenten ist bekannt, dass sie Zink chelatisieren oder binden, wodurch die Funktion des Elements beeinträchtigt wird. Es fehlt an Evidenz, ob eine Zinkergänzung in der Lage ist, Dysgeusie zu therapieren, wenn im Blut keine niedrigen Zinkkonzentrationen nachgewiesen werden.

Alpha-Liponsäure (ALA) ist ein Antioxidans, das von menschlichen Zellen auf natürliche Weise hergestellt wird und bei Krebserkrankungen eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. Es ist in Nahrungsmitteln wie rotem Fleisch, Innereien und Hefe enthalten, kann aber auch in Form von Kapseln verabreicht werden. ALA kann eine potenzielle Behandlung für Patienten darstellen, jedoch müssen hierfür randomisierte Doppelblindstudien durchgeführt werden.

In besonders starken Fällen von Geschmacksstörungen mit hohem Leidensdruck wird eine Therapie mit einem lokalen Betäubungsmittel wie Lidocain durchgeführt.

Zusätzlich zu den oben genannten Behandlungen kann der Patient selbst dazu beitragen, die Symptome der Dysgeusie zu lindern. Dazu gehören die Verwendung von nichtmetallischem Besteck, die Vermeidung von Lebensmitteln mit metallischem oder bitterem Geschmack, die Erhöhung des Konsums von proteinreichen Lebensmitteln, gegebenenfalls das Würzen von Lebensmitteln oder die Vermeidung von Gewürzen. Beitragen kann eine gute Mundhygiene und das Verwenden von Mundwasser.

Trivia
In dem Spielfilm Brust oder Keule erleidet der einflussreiche Restaurantkritiker Charles Duchemin – verkörpert von Louis de Funès – einen völligen Geschmacksverlust (Ageusie), nachdem er von einem wütenden Gastwirt dazu gezwungen wurde, Unmengen von ungenießbaren Essensresten zu verspeisen.

Weblinks

 Marie-Therese Georgi: Die Wahrnehmung von Umami bei Patienten mit Riech- und Schmeckstörung. (PDF; 2,8 MB) Dissertation, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus der Technischen Universität Dresden, 2019. Abgerufen am 2. September 2019.

Einzelnachweise

Krankheitssymptom in der Neurologie
Krankheitssymptom in der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde
Krankheitsbild in der Zahnmedizin
Schmecken

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's time to return to World War I on the Battlefield.
EA & DICE announced Battlefield 1 this weekend and BOY are we excited. See the trailer below with commentary from The Geekiverse's biggest Battlefield fan, Adam Herr!
How stoked are you? Does this trump the recent Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare announcement? We think so.
Batman: Return to Arkham Coming This June?
Walking Carpet: Star Wars Day Edition – Who Is Getting A Comic Series Next?


In our 60 DAY Challenge, you will shed fat, strengthen, tone and sculpt your body, increase your fitness levels, and most importantly, transform your lifestyle to carry these results with you. It incorporates individualized nutrition planning, expert personal training, and engaging group bootcamp classes to transform your body into a new you.
We will not have you starving your brain with drastic calorie restrictions, you will eat foods that you crave, prepare your meals from recipes and not just eating bland foods. This type of eating will stay with you long term. You won't yo-yo and bounce back from your results.
We will teach you how to lose weight and improve your fitness in a fun and rewarding way. Learn how to strip the fat, lose the extra weight, without damaging your metabolism and body.
Exercise. The amount is up to you! We recommend a minimum of 3 workouts a week, the more the better. One of these sessions should be with a WF trainer individually, a workout created by your trainer or an outdoor bootcamp class.
Nutrition. We will introduce you to fast, easy, health and delicious foods in line with your goals that the whole family can enjoy. No bland foods that will leave you straying away from your plan. All of the recipes can be created with multiple servings you will be able to use throughout the week. You will learn how to create delicious meals so you can come up with meals on your own after the 8 weeks have ended. Every participant will have their macros calculated based on their goals and lifestyle.
Motivation & Support. This starts withing you. That animal is hiding inside of you, hibernating, waiting to be unleashed. We will teach you how to set goals, achieve them, so you can overcome obstacles, both mental and physical, and lean to reach your full potential. You will build friendships with existing members and be part of a supportive group atmosphere. The trainers are available for you in case you run into roadblocks or have questions to ensure success.
Results. Set your mind to it and get shocking results. This isn't only about weight loss so we will create two categories, one for body composition and one for fitness levels. $50 from each participant will go into the pot and the winners of each category, one male and female, will split the winnings.
This is what you need to know. We will conduct measurements at the beginning and on the last day of the 8 week challenge. We will also do a mini fitness test to determine improvements in that category. The entry fee is $250 (includes one free Saturday bootcamp class each week of the challenge) and $50 of that will go into the prize pot! You can add additional bootcamp classes, private training or exercise programs designed for you to do independently at a discount rate. Please advise and we will accommodate. You can still participate in the challenge without being entered into the contest (for those out of town). This challenge sold separately is valued over $700.
To join simply click here and complete the informational registration, click on 60 DAY Challenge in our store and get ready to change your life.


text:
The Region Galicia has the first drug discovery incubator in Spain
26 NovThe Region Galicia has the first drug discovery incubator in Spain
During the past week the Kærtor Foundation organized its first workshop in Santiago de Compostela entitled "Advancing Transformational Drug Discovery" and leaded by its Scientific Directors, Mabel Loza and Angel Carracedo. We acknowledge all the participants, more than 60 international experts, for their contributions, examples and visions on how to make possible and nurture processes of drug discovery in Galicia. GAIN (Axencia Galega de Innovación), the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, the University of Santiago de Compostela, CiMUS (Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases of the USC), SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saúde), IDIS (Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela), QUIMATRYX, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), CNIC (Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research).
During the official closing, the Regional Ministry of Economy, Employment and Industry, Francisco Conde, said that this institution is the "great allied" of Xunta de Galicia to turn Galicia into an "innovation hub" of new drugs and also that, due to the collaboration with the foundation and the Janssen company, Galicia is a "pioneer" for having the first drug discovery incubator in Spain, a significant qualitative step forward in this sector.


Turn your retail customers into brand advocates.
Growing your retail business involves more than getting new shoppers through your door. You need to give your existing customers an in-store experience that will surprise, delight, and engage them, especially since these existing customers spend 67% more on average than those who are new to your business (Inc.).


text:
L'Aventurier est une chanson d'Indochine parue sur l'album éponyme en 1982, puis en single la même année. Ce deuxième single du groupe, qui évoque l'univers de Bob Morane et s'est hissé à la  place des ventes en France, a contribué à lancer la carrière des membres du groupe dans les années 1980.

Musique et paroles
L'Aventurier évoque l'univers de Bob Morane, mentionnant des personnages (Bill Ballantine, Miss Ylang-Ylang) et des titres de ses romans. Il est fait aussi implicitement référence à d'autres romans, tel La Couronne de Golconde (« sauvé de justesse des crocodiles »). Dans une interview au Figaro, Nicola Sirkis a raconté comment il a trouvé le thème pour cette chanson, qu'il a écrite en quatre heures :

« À l'époque, on était en plein dans le trip Rambo, les héros invincibles... Je suis allé fouiller dans la bibliothèque que j'avais ramenée de Belgique, j'ai trouvé des Bob Morane avec des titres incroyables, qui correspondaient très bien à la musique. Alors j'ai volé tous les titres de tous les livres que Henri Vernes avait écrits, je les ai déplacés, replacés, pour recomposer une histoire. »

En effet, les paroles de la chanson se rapportent à plusieurs titres de la série des Bob Morane : La Vallée infernale, le premier de la série mentionné dès le début de L'Aventurier (« Égaré dans la vallée infernale »), L'Ombre jaune (« A la recherche de l'Ombre Jaune ») La marque de Kali (« Le bandit s'appelle Mister Kali Jones »), Trafic aux Caraïbes (« Stop au trafic des Caraïbes »), Le Sultan de Jarawak (« Prisonnière du Sultan de Jarawak »), Terreur à la Manicouagan («En pleine terreur à Manicouagan »), Le Mystérieux Docteur Xhatan (« L'otage des guerriers du Doc Xhatan »)... Certains termes relèvent en revanche de la pure imagination de Nicola Sirkis, comme « L'opération Nadawieb ». Les romans mentionnés de Henri Vernes appartenaient pour certaines à la bibliothèque qu'il s'était constituée lorsqu'il habitait à Uccle, en Belgique, jusqu'à l'âge de 15 ans.

Genèse
D'après le manuscrit publié dans le livre Kissing my songs (Flammarion, 2011), L'Aventurier a été écrit par Nicola Sirkis en , à une époque où l'aura de Bob Morane avait déjà commencé à s'étioler. Nicola Sirkis avait découvert Bob Morane, héros créé par le romancier belge Henri Vernes pour la collection de poche « Marabout Junior », lorsqu'il était en pensionnat en Belgique à 12 ans. « À cet âge-là, pour nous, ça ne pouvait être qu'un modèle, on rêvait de devenir Bob Morane », explique Nicola Sirkis, qui a aussi été marqué par un autre aventurier, mais cette fois de cinéma : Indiana Jones. Le film Les Aventuriers de l'arche perdue, de Steven Spielberg, venait de sortir en 1981, un an avant L'Aventurier.

La chanson, avec plusieurs autres de l'album L'Aventurier, a été enregistrée au studio d'Aguessau, à Paris, en , lors d'une session qui devait être consacrée uniquement à leur premier single, Dizzidence Politik. Le morceau L'Aventurier a été déterminant dans le choix de leur producteur de l'époque, Didier Guinochet, de financer leur premier album. En face B du 45-tours, figure une autre chanson de leur premier album: Indochine (les 7 jours de Pékin). La pochette du disque, dont le design a été réalisé par la graphiste Marion Bataille, devenue la compagne de Nicola Sirkis, et la photo par J.-F. Rousseau, représente de manière stylisée les quatre membres du groupe, avec une typographie d'inspiration asiatique.

Réception
Sur Antenne 2, l'émission Platine 45, consacrée aux vidéoclips, diffuse celui de L'Aventurier le , avant une émission spéciale consacrée au groupe Indochine le . Le single s'est vendu à plus de  en France. Il fut le premier grand succès du groupe. « Un des grands succès de l'été [1983] », précise l'animateur Michel Drucker, lorsque le groupe Indochine se produit, le , dans l'émission de variétés lancée sur Antenne 2 l'année précédente, Champs-Élysées. La même année, invité à chanter L'Aventurier sur TF1, Indochine rencontre pour la première fois l'auteur Henri Vernes sur le plateau de l'émission Le bar de l'été. En 2015, Henri Vernes déclarait : « J'ai vraiment été touché de découvrir cette chanson. Car elle reprenait les titres de plusieurs de mes romans. Elle a fait beaucoup de bien au personnage en le remettant au goût du jour… et en relançant les ventes des livres et des albums de bande dessinée ». La chanson reste tellement indissociable des débuts du groupe Indochine, que lorsque ses membres ont changé, « certains se demandaient s'ils avaient le droit de jouer L'Aventurier », racontait Nicola Sirkis en 2017.

Musicalement, Sud Ouest juge que ce morceau se distingue par sa «pop rock ultra dansante, sautillante et ludique». La journaliste Rebecca Manzoni note que L'Aventurier « propose en introduction une ritournelle inspirée de l'Asie, soutenue par des sonorités futuristes (...), suivie par un riff de guitare composé par Dominique Nicolas, un riff si efficace qu'il permet d'identifier la chanson ». En 2017, Le Point estimait que la chanson demeure celle «  la plus connue du groupe ».  « Depuis 1982, cette chanson ne cesse de résonner sur les pistes de danse des discothèques ou de fêtes entre amis, lorsque c'est le tour des tubes des eighties », note de son côté Ouest France. Quand elle mixait comme DJ dans des soirées, l'actrice italienne Asia Argento raconte qu'elle passait ce morceau.

Crédits

Musiciens
 Nicola Sirkis : Chant, guitare, claviers
 Stéphane Sirkis : Synthétiseurs, séquenceur
 Dominik Nicolas : Basse
 Arnaud Devos : Batterie

 Enregistré au studio d'Aguesseau à Paris en septembre 1982
 Ingénieurs du son : Patrick Chevalot et Stéphane Meer
 Mixé au studio Red bus à Londres par Simon Scoffield
 Production réalisation : Indochine et Patrice Le Morvan
 Producteur exécutif : Didier Guinochet

Reprises
Cette chanson a notamment été reprise en 2000 par le groupe The Kingpins, en 2003 par Nada Surf, en 2004 par Les Castafiores (album Air de jeux), en 2008 en version swing par Quentin Mosimann (album Duel), en 2010 par Nouvelle Vague (album Couleurs sur Paris) et en 2022 par Cœur Doré (album Epopée) .

Classements

Classement du single original

Classements des rééditions

Références

Liens externes

Chanson interprétée par Indochine
Chanson de 1982
Bob Morane


There are many things that can cause a septic tank to fail, such as a collapsed or clogged drain line. These lines are often conventional drain tiles in a ditch lined with gravel. If you are looking for an affordable repair to your septic system, aeration can sometimes be used to clear the drain field and fix the problem.
Another option to repair your septic system is completely replacing the drain tiles. This is an option if repairs like aeration have not worked to clear the lines or if the lines are just too old and worn. You can have them replaced with the same conventional drain system that was originally used, which will be more affordable than some of the alternatives.
If you can afford to install an improved drainage system, a chamber septic drain field can be a good choice. This is a system that uses different chambers filled with filtration medium for better drainage. A chamber drain field will be less likely to collapse or become clogged. With additional filtration medium, these systems can also help to protect ground water supplies if your home is on a well.
There are also systems that use a distribution box and multiple drain tile lines. This can be a good system to spread drainage over a larger area. It can also cost less than some of the larger chambered systems. If you want to have a more affordable solution, but still have improved performance, this is a good option for you.
These are some tips to help you with the problems that can come from a failing septic drain field. If you need help with repairs to your drain lines, contact a septic repair service such as Moon Septic and talk with them about what can be done to repair your system and prevent problems.


text:
Ambient & New Age
Folk/Roots
Exotica/Lounge
Early Electronic
Indie/Post Rock
OST/LIBRARY
Listen Swag
Top Picks of 2020
Essential Grooves
Various: Kearney Barton: Architect of the Northwest Sound LP
Home / Various: Kearney Barton: Architect of the Northwest Sound LP
When Seattle-based recording engineer Kearney Barton died in 2012, the 80 year-old studio veteran had spent the past 50 years recording the cream of the Seattle music scene through the decades. The Fleetwoods, Quincy Jones, The Ventures, The Wailers, The Sonics, Ann Wilson (Heart), The Frantics, The Kingsmen, and Dave Lewis to name a few. Barton also captured Seattle's vibrant 1960s-70s R&B and soul scene, including Black On White Affair and Soul Swingers, among others, as documented in Light in the Attic's Wheedle's Groove series. In his later years Barton's old school reputation drew in contemporary bands like Young Fresh Fellows, The Smugglers, The Minus 5, and The A-Bones into his studio. Essentially, when a local unknown band wanted to make a demo tape, or record their debut album, or perhaps someone just wanted to capture their uncle playing banjo or their kid sister's first songs, they'd go to Barton's studio. There were 7,000 reel-to-reel tapes piled up in Barton's house at the time of his passing. The University of Washington carefully cataloged these tapes, and former Sub Pop employee Dan Trager (who had learned the art of recording from Kearney years earlier as a student) began listening and taking notes. With input from a team drawn from the university and Light in the Attic, Dan compiled a shortlist of essential tracks that would form the basis of this compilation. Kearney Barton: Architect of the Northwest Sound is a comprehensive document of Seattle in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. It is also a testament to Barton's life-long dedication to the art of recording. It includes long out of print recordings originally released by local labels such as Jerden, Topaz, Piccadilly, and Etiquette Records. It covers a wide range of genres: sitar and balalaika players, gospel church choirs, unknown garage bands, steel drums, obscure soul artists and teenage a cappella singers. There's also some familiar names here: Sonics, Wailers, a young pre-Heart Ann Wilson, Larry Coryell making his first ever studio recordings with Chuck Mahaffay, the Hudson Brothers long before they were on TV. "However diverse, there is a commonality that stands out among his recordings: hardcore analog fidelity," says University of Washington archivist John Vallier. "It sounds like you are in the room with the drums, bass, guitar, and vocals. The mix is minimum. It's a raw, sonic reality, even if the band is poppy and jangly. It's an honest sound that doesn't sugarcoat what's being performed. That's Kearney, too."
The follow up to Light In The Attic's game-changing I Am The Center box set is finally here. The Microcosm: Visionary Music Of Continental Europe, 1970-1986 is the first major overview of key works from cosmically-taped in artists needing little introduct
Various: (The Microcosm) Visionary Music of Continental Europe 1970-1986 BOX
Pacific Breeze documents Japan's blast into the stratosphere. By the 1960s, the nation had achieved a postwar miracle, soaring to become the world's second largest economy. Thriving tech exports sent The Rising Sun over the moon. Its pocket cassette playe
Various: Pacific Breeze: Japanese City Pop, AOR & Boogie 1976 - 1986 LP
Listen Records
Edmonton's Eclectic Record Emporium
© Copyright 2021 Listen Records - Powered by Lightspeed


Title Madeline's Christmas / by Ludwig Bemelmans.
Imprint New York : Viking Kestrel, 1985.
Summary With everyone else sick in bed with a cold on Christmas eve, it is up to Madeline to run the school and she finds a remarkable helper in a rug-selling magician.
Study Program Reading Counts RC K-2 2.8 1.0 7202.
7283. Accelerated Reader AR LG 3.2 0.5.
Subject Madeline (Fictitious character) -- Juvenile fiction.


Imagine 1,500 people arriving an hour early for church. Baptizing 500 people in a few hours in the pacific ocean. Bible studies more popular than anything else. These are just a few of the amazing things that transpired during the Jesus Movement of the 1970's in Southern California and is captured within the pages of The Reproducers.
Macintosh on Free Will and Sovereignty Distributor or Manufacturer?


text:
Rupert fronts his shareholders, Macquarie Group AGM, awful Ooh Media capital raising and some fun and games in the gambling industry
In today's Mayne Report, Stephen Mayne looks at this week's Macquarie Group and 21st Century Fox shareholder meetings, a dreadful capital raising by Ooh Media, some history in the outdoor advertising space and his favourite obsession, the gambling industry, where one of the giant NSW pokies clubs is facing a board challenge.
By Stephen Mayne ·
Rupert and Macquarie prepare to front their shareholders
After a long and tortuous journey, shareholders in The Walt Disney Company and 21st Century Fox will on Friday finally get to vote on their $95.6 billion carve up and merger proposal.
Having a skim through the 521 pages of meeting documentation this morning got me pretty jealous. I should be there, in New York, wishing Rupert Murdoch all the best in the next chapter of his remarkable 65 year journey from a single newspaper in Adelaide to the world's most famous and powerful media mogul.
Alas, the two favourite AGM combatants from over the years – Rupert and Macquarie Group – are both fronting their shareholders this week and, sadly, I'll be missing in action, chained to the desk in Melbourne fighting the charming gambling industry for a living.
Rupert's latest wheeling and dealing is at a scale that is so remarkable and transformative, it has almost been all too much for the Australian media to seriously cover. That's how I've felt about it.
Where do you start? There isn't much of a local angle, 21st Century Fox is no longer listed on the ASX and it's all happening somewhere "over there". There's also nothing really to criticise, because this deal truly is Rupert's crowning glory, as Bloomberg noted on Friday.
Terry McCrann had an interesting take in News Corp's Sunday tabloids and I agree with his positive assessment about what it all means for Rupert. Well done to the Sun King for creating enormous value for shareholders with a $95.6 billion deal, whilst simultaneously hanging onto most of his traditional news empire, save for Sky News in the UK.
Disney and Comcast have battled away making Rupert and his shareholders seriously rich and by the time this is all wrapped, the Murdoch family will still have management control over two serious public companies in News Corp and a slimmed down Fox.
Back in December 2017, Fox agreed to sell a suite of assets to Disney for an impressive $US52.4 billion of cash and shares, only to see Comcast come back with a $US65 billion all-cash offer in June.
This forced Disney to add a lazy $20 billion to the package, lifting the overall offer to $US71 billion ($A95.6 billion), which is more than the value of CSL.
Comcast subsequently folded on Fox but is still keen to buy Sky Plc with a current offer on the table worth $US34 billion.
There is a lot of ego in the media business and Rupert has benefitted from the fact that Disney CEO Bob Iger and Comcast CEO Brian Robert hate each other.
If I had managed to crowd-fund a trip to New York for Friday's shareholder meeting, it would have been fascinating to watch the logistics of how two giant companies both simultaneously hold shareholder votes at the same hotel.
Yep, check out pages 6 and 8 of the 521 page proxy pack and you'll see that both sets of shareholders are gathering at the New York Hilton Midtown at 10am on Friday morning.
How that works if you are shareholder in both might be challenging, as this is something we've never seen in an Australian merger before.
It wasn't originally planned this way. The New York Times noted that the original July 10 meetings were scheduled to be held simultaneously in New York, only at different hotels twelve blocks apart.
It was Rupert who first settled on the New York Hilton Midtown and when Disney's boss Bob Iger lifted his offer to almost $A100 billion, Rupert presumably said: "Thanks Bob, why don't you come and let's share the booking at our hotel."
Comcast has been sending alternative gold proxy cards to Disney and Fox shareholders trying to build the no vote, but after folding last week, there will presumably be no meaningful opposition at Friday's meetings.
Macquarie AGM this Thursday – no Mayne or Jack Tilburn
The Macquarie Group AGM is this Thursday in Sydney and unfortunately I won't be along, although a proxy has been arranged to raise a couple of issues with Woolworths chairman Gordon Cairns, who is up for election.
Veteran AGM attack dog Jack Tilburn will also be missing. Indeed, it appears 92-year-old Jack has been to his last AGM after some health issues put him into a Northern Beaches nursing home a few months ago.
Jack and I have probably attended more than 100 AGMs together since 1989 with the most common joint outing over the years being Macquarie Group, aka the Millionaire Factory.
You can get a sample of how things unfolded during one of our joint appearances from this lively Macquarie AGM video from 10 years back. There was also this Crikey piece after the 2014 Macquarie AGM.
From a shareholder point of view, the main issue on Thursday will be the Macquarie remuneration report given that there was a 15% protest vote last year after the world's most powerful proxy adviser, Institutional Shareholder Services, recommended against.
The AFR had an interesting wrap of the situation behind its paywall in Saturday's paper, revealing that Macquarie has been paying a proxy solicitation firm to try and build voting support.
Should shareholders be worried about Macquarie's remuneration given the share price has rocketed to a record high of $125 giving it a market capitalisation of $42.6 billion?
Probably not, although the Australian Shareholders' Association will be voting open proxies against on the grounds that we need some more improvements in disclosure.
The AFR reports that all the other proxy advisers are recommending support for all resolutions in 2018, so it should be a relatively controversy-free AGM.
I'm no fan of the last item on the agenda, which is an all purposes approval of the $1 billion Macquarie raised earlier this year through a hybrid called Macquarie Capital Notes 3, although $600 of this was a rollover of a similar security.
You see, why does this need to be approved at all? All the approval does is give Macquarie even more capacity to selectively issue fresh securities rather than using a pro-rata method.
Macquarie still has plenty of headroom under the 15% annual cap on placements, so why retrospectively approve the note issue in order to literally give the board the option of raising up to $6 billion through a placement over the next 12 months.
I reckon shareholders should vote down all these sorts of blank cheque approvals of future placements to send a message that capital raisings should be pro-rata.
Alas, when it comes to generating support for this sort of approach, I haven't been able to muster much support from any quarter, be it the companies or other proxy advisers.
Ooh Media and Macquarie cook up a shocking capital raising
Staying with Macquarie, things are not getting any better on the capital raising front and we're not just talking about the small caps.
Macquarie was the adviser involved when outdoor advertising company Ooh Media decided to splash $570 million on HT&E's Adshel outdoor advertising business last month.
The subsequent $330 million 1-for-2.3 entitlement offer was priced at $4.60 – a fair discount to the previous $5.35 trading price – and it was also non-renounceable when the obvious move was a PAITREO offer that treated everyone fairly.
There were some interesting movements in the various substantial shareholder filings after the raising completed so stay with me as we explore these issues.
As this announcement on June 27 shows, the $290 million institutional offer was only 82% subscribed, leaving a larger-than-usual $52.2 million shortfall with non-participants finding themselves diluted without compensation.
Fast forward to July 13 and the ASX was advised the subsequent $40 million retail offer was 60% subscribed, leaving a $16 million shortfall, bringing the overall shortfall for Macquarie to deal with up to $68 million from a $330 million raising.
Clearly, there should have been a bookbuild to maximise the price paid to everyone being diluted with compensation paid to the non-participants.
Instead, Macquarie found themselves in the position of placing $68 million worth of unwanted shares at the fixed price of $4.60. These largely remained in the money, although the stock did briefly dip below the $4.60 offer price shortly before the retail offer closed. The close last Friday was $4.84.
So let's have a look at how some of the major shareholders were treated during the raising and informed other shareholders as to what happened, starting with Melbourne-based Yarra Funds Management. The 2017 Ooh Media annual report released on February 19 disclosed on page 99 that Yarra was sitting on 8.09% with 13.14 million shares.
On June 29, we then get told in a barely readable filing that Yarra had slashed its shareholding to just 5.28% or 8.7 million shares. The disclosure revealed a combination of moves, including buying 2.28 million shares at $4.62 for $10.6 million, selling 2.54 million shares at $5.08 for $12.9 million and some transfers of a further 5.5 million shares.
Curiously, the first version of Yarra's June 29 substantial shareholder notice was so laughably indecipherable that the ASX made them do it again on July 4.
This was the same day that Yarra announced it wasn't actually a seller, but a major buyer because between June 29 and July 2 its stake rocketed again from 5.28% to 13.08% after it spent $21.37 million buying 4.39 million shares at an average price of $4.87.
Clearly, this would suggest that Yarra was a strong buyer of shares on-market immediately after the institutional raising, not just courtesy of picking its pro-rata entitlement, plus part of the shortfall from Macquarie at $4.60.
We also know from this substantial shareholder notice that global advertising firm WPP, which held its stake through a Dutch-based fund called Cavendish Square, shunned the offer entirely and was diluted from 8.6% to 5.68%. WPP is represented on the board by Australian advertising veteran Geoffrey Wild and was a partner in Ooh Media but appears to be headed for the exit. Therefore, non-participation in the offer makes sense but that doesn't mean they should get shafted on the way out with no compensation for their entitlements.
If you go through the flurry of announcements over the past month, you'll also notice Australian Super and a fund called Wellington ceased to be substantial holders after the institutional offer, presumably after being diluted to below 5% by not participating.
This would explain the $52 million shortfall, because WPP's entitlement was only worth $25.9 million.
Another slightly mystifying element was the belated disclosure from the second largest shareholder, JCP Investment Partners, with this filing on July 20, showing that it paid $32.8 million for 7.147 million shares but its overall stake had dropped from 9.43% to 8.19%.
Why did it take until July 20 for this filing by JCP to be lodged with the ASX when the institutional raising settled on July 4?
Perhaps JCP took up most of its entitlement and then progressively sold some into the market later. When faced with a non-renounceable offer, this is the more logical move than straight out dilution, provided you've got the cash available to make the investment in the first place.
Alternatively, JCP might have negotiated with Macquarie to sub-underwrite part of the $16 million shortfall from the retail entitlement offer, which closed on July 11, with the 60% participation rate announced on July 13.
The only major Ooh Media shareholder we haven't heard from in the flurry of substantial shareholder notices is the former largest investor, a group called HMI, which presumably took up its full entitlement and still retains a 9.6% stake to this day.
Starting with 15.752 million shares, HMI would have bought 6.85 million new shares at $4.60 as per the 1-for-2.3 ratio, and made a total new investment of $31.5 million.
When you have an open share register but the top 6 shareholders collectively own 47%, it raises an interesting question about conducting a capital raising. Do you sound them out on the deal before hand, locking them in as sub-underwriters or seek their guidance on how the offer should be structured?
When did Macquarie chat with Yarra to line up the under-writing and at one point did all the parties know the shortfall would be large because a number of the major shareholders weren't participating, most notably WPP.
Macquarie was also the Ooh Media corporate adviser on the deal and was paid 1.85% or roughly $6 million to manage and under-write the $330 million capital raising. Total transactions costs on the acquisition and raising were $19.7 million and Macquarie would have snaffled as much as $15 million of that.
It really is a shame that the only home grown investment bank wasn't able to prevail on its emerging client to do a PAITREO capital raising which treated all shareholders fairly. The result was that 3 of the 5 largest shareholders were all diluted without compensation.
The same thing happened to the retail investors, although Ooh Media failed to follow ASA guidelines and disclose how many of the 2000 retail shareholders participated in the offer.
They also failed to over retail investors an "overs" facility – something which used to be pretty standard in non-renounceable offers.
Presumably that was because Macquarie thought there was good value in a raising at $4.60, and it was happy to take on that shortfall risk at a fixed price rather than treat the property rights of all shareholders fairly by conducting a book build of the shortfall using price discovery to maximise compensation to non-participants.
If attending the Macquarie AGM on Thursday, I would have raised all this with the board, although the answer would have been that old chestnut: "we don't talk about individual clients".
As for Ooh Media, they deserve a thrashing at their next AGM in April 2019, maybe even a board tilt from an aggrieved shareholder.
Should Ten Network Holdings have stayed in the outdoor advertising business?
Digging around this Ooh Media capital raising got me thinking about some of the history of what is a roll-up company that is now the giant of the outdoor advertising industry, but was only founded in 1989.
So who won and who lost as this giant was put together?
Remember this announcement from Ten Network Holdings when it sold its EYE Corp outdoor advertising business to Ooh Media for around $100 million in 2012.
This deal was done two years before private equity firm CHAMP floated Ooh Media raising $166 million at $1.93 a pop, which gave it an enterprise value of $365 million.
Unlike Myer and Pacific Brands, Ooh Media has been one of those private equity floats which really worked for public investors. In hindsight, TEN should have taken some shares rather that cash when it offloaded EYE Corp, although TEN's imperative at the time was to reduce debt.
CHAMP was also smart to hang onto 32% of Ooh Media in the 2014 float and enjoyed a profitable exit later from this holding later, certainly when compared with the $1.93 float price.
In typical private equity form, CHAMP basically put together a number of outdoor advertising businesses, starting with the original Ooh Media which it privatised for $163 million in 2011. The circa $100 million Eye Corp acquisition happened the following year to create Australia's biggest player in the outdoor advertising market. Now Ooh Media has emerged as the absolute behemoth of Australia's outdoor advertising industry. It currently has a market capitalisation of $1.15 billion.
HT&E, the old APN News & Media, has received a big price of $570 million in allowing Ooh Media to reach this position and it certainly timed its participating in the consolidation of the Australia's outdoor advertising market far better than TEN Network Holdings which might not have gone broke if it never got involved in the first place, or if it had hung on a bit longer.
As this Fairfax piece from 2002 explains, TEN lost enormous sums in Eye Corp because the original investment was valued at $370 million.
Indeed, if you look at this ASX announcement when TEN first entered the business in late 2000, it paid $188 million for 60% of a business which also happened to be carrying significant debt. This announcement less than two years later when the final 40% was mopped up for $10 million shows how quickly it went pear-shaped amidst bitter litigation.
It must be galling for all concerned at TEN to have then hung on for another decade, only to see the buyer of the EYE Corp business flourish, whilst TEN went broke, something that arguably wouldn't have happened if TEN had never gone near EYE Corp in the first place, all those years ago.
Fight for control of the biggest pokies palace on Sydney's Northern Beaches
The day job taking on the gambling industry has produced an interesting governance situation with a veteran Liberal Party councillor on Sydney's Northern Beaches vowing to run a ticket for the board of the Dee Why RSL, a giant pokies palace which is under siege for irresponsibly preying on gamblers.
Here are a few links to give you a flavour of where things are at:
It started when the Sydney Morning Herald broke the story on July 1 of Gary Van Duinen's tragic suicide after a 13 hour gambling binge at the Dee Why RSL, a club which was already pretty notorious for its aggressive marketing and loyalty programs.
This sparked an out-pouring of anger, perhaps best summarised in this sizzling Peter Fitzsimons comment piece, a searing editorial in The SMH and this "Gambling News" email missive to our supporters on July 9.
(I spent a few hours over the weekend knocking together the latest "Gambling News" which updated the Dee Why situation and covers a range of other issues in the industry, including Collingwood's pivotal pokies divestment announcement last week.)
Unlike public companies, not for profit boards don't usually get held to account after a scandal, so it came as quite a surprise when Cr Pat Daley announced a Dee Why RSL board tilt in The Manly Daily.
The Dee Why RSL board – which comprises 8 old blokes in blue ties – remained in the bunker, leaving the heavy lifting to its peak body, the hard-charging pokies lobby group, Clubs NSW, which quickly launched an attack on Pat Daley alleging he was now conflicted on deliberations over the proposed new Northern Beaches gambling harm policy and was a hypocrite having previously applied to be CEO of the Australian Hotels Association in NSW.
Rather than cowering in the corner, Pat Daley hit back in no uncertain terms in The SMH last Thursday, revealing a good deal of sensitive Liberal Party factional dealings, particularly connections with the rent-seeking gambling industry.
And so – it is game on. The November 18 AGM of the Dee Why RSL – an institution with $50 million cash in the bank and $43 million in annual pokies revenue – will be a contest.
The gambling industry is well known for playing dirty when challenged, as was evidence in the tactics deployed during the recent Tasmanian and South Australian elections. They are adept at influencing politicians, through donations, campaigns and hiring factional bosses such as Karl Bitar, Stephen Conroy, Michael Photios and Mark Arbib.
But it will be interesting to see what the 48,000 members of the Dee Why RSL make of it all – and whether the board try running a straight election process.
The NSW Electoral Commission is currently conducting regional elections for Clubs NSW, so it would make sense for the same independent authority to run this Dee Why board contest too. Stay tuned.
Thanks for reading and we'll be back with another edition of The Mayne Report in a fortnight.
Keep doin' ya best, Stephen Mayne
Stephen Mayne
More articles from Stephen Mayne


Your group will be delighted by our festive Brazilian Steakhouse atmosphere, an experience like no other in the Las Vegas, NV suburbs. Rodizio is one of the best restaurants in Henderson, NV for private, group and corporate dining, as well as any special celebration. Our authentic Brazilian cuisine will have your guests' taste buds dancing the Samba.
Our Brazilian Steakhouse (Churrascaria) dining experience is 95% gluten free and features something for everyone in your party, with our freshly prepared salads and side dishes. And the uniquely fun part: unlimited grilled meats served tableside by our Brazilian Gauchos.
* Valid at the Henderson location only. Not valid with any other offers, discounts or coupons.
Thank you for thinking of us. Let us help you plan your special occasion.


text:
Le  est le Match des étoiles de football américain de la  pour la saison 2003. Il se joue au Aloha Stadium d'Honolulu le  entre les meilleurs joueurs des deux conférences de la NFL, la  et l'. La rencontre est remportée sur le score de 55 à 52 par l'équipe représentant l'.

Équipe de l'AFC
C'est Tony Dungy, entraîneur principal des Colts d'Indianapolis qui dirigera l'équipe de l'AFC.

Attaque

Défense

Équipes spéciales

Equipe de la NFC
C'est Andy Reid, entraîneur principal des Eagles de Philadelphie qui dirigera l'équipe de l'NFC.

Attaque

Défense

Équipes spéciales

Notes :
Remplacé en sélection à la suite d'une blessure ou désistement
Joueur blessé; sélectionné mais n'a pas joué
Titulaire remplacé; sélectionné comme réserve

Sélections par équipe

Références

Liens externes
  Site officiel du Pro Bowl sur NFL.com

2004
Compétition de football américain à Honolulu
Sport aux États-Unis en  février 2004


Section relative electric hotplate intelligent thermostat, when the pan reaches the set temperature, the thermostat automatically stops, stopped heating pan. When the baking pan temperature is as low as the interval minimum temperature, the temperature is restarted. This process is about 2-3 minutes, during which pro can enjoy delicious friends ~ If the pro to eat faster, you can manually swirl temperature control, a few seconds can be heated to the specified temperature.
1PC Electric stainless steel high power fast heating deep fryers for commercial French fries , Fried chicken ect.


text:
Ruark R7 Mk 3 High Fidelity Radiogram
Reg. price £2,300.00
Rich Walnut - £2,300.00 Soft Grey - £2,300.00 Optional R7 AV Mount - £299.95
Select quantity: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Most products will only take a few days to arrive but please either contact us or call 023 9266 3604 if you would like to check before ordering or if you would like to arrange a demonstration.
Featuring a multi-format CD player, high-resolution aptX HD Bluetooth receiver, DAB, DAB+, FM and Internet tuners, Spotify Connect, switchable analogue and digital inputs and the option to wirelessly sync with the R2 model in multi-room mode, R7 is a system that will enhance your life and home.
R7 Mk3 has been designed for music enthusiast and collectors and in our opinion CD is still one of the best ways to experience ultimate sound reproduction. R7 features a multi-format player that will make your CD collection sound better than ever and alongside standard CDs, R7 will also play home-made CDs encoded with WAV, MP3, AAC and other popular music files. R7 Mk3 will also display track and artist information when this data is available on the disc.
R7's DAB and FM tuners provide easy access to local and national radio broadcasts and with DAB+ technology also built in, R7 can be used in countries where this updated format is now being used and makes it future-ready for the implementation of this technology in the UK. For international broadcasts, R7s internet tuner allows you to access broadcasts world-wide, so whatever your nationality taste or style, with R7s search capability you will find stations that you will love.
R7 Mk3 has Spotify the world's leading music streaming service built in and with a Spotify Premium account you can select R7 as your playback device and then control the music using R7's RotoDial, remote control or UNDOK a control app for Apple and Android devices. With a vast library of over 20 million tracks, Spotify Premium and R7 will allow you to discover new music and enjoy old favourites with sound that will transform your listening experience.
On its own R7 Mk3 is an outstanding music system, but with its 'multi-room' capabilities you can wirelessly link and sync it with one or more of the model R2 so you can distribute music all around your home. Every source and input on R7 can be multi-roomed including the turntable input, making R7 the perfect hub for your entertainment needs. Set-up and control of the multi-room components can be performed directly on R7, but also available to download is an Apple and Android App called UNDOK. When connected to the same network as R7, this allows you complete control of R7 and all of its sources and major functions.
R7 Mk3 features the very latest aptX HD audio technology which partners with Bluetooth so you can stream music wirelessly from compatible devices to R7 in perfect high definition sound that is indistinguishable from a wired connection. Bluetooth's ease of use has made it the foremost method for audio streaming and it works with virtually all leading Apps including Spotify, Apple Music and BBC iPlayer Radio. Most importantly sound quality over Bluetooth with R7 is simply outstanding.
The electronics inside R7 Mk3 have been painstakingly developed to provide the best possible sound. With audio grade components used throughout, R7 features a high capacity linear power supply coupled to a 2.1 channel Class A-B discrete component amplifier. With a nominal rating of 160 watts, R7 is a powerful device and sound is reproduced with effortless ease. Enhancing further the performance of R7 is an integrated active subwoofer that underpins and adds authority and enjoyment to every piece of music played.
With the addition of the Audio Visual Mount, R7 is transformed from a music system into a striking audio/visual solution! Designed exclusively for R7, TVs and associated equipment can be integrated with R7 to make an awesome 'all-in-one' system that will be the centre piece for all your home entertainment needs, providing sound quality that will make television and films all the more realistic and enjoyable.
Nearest store:* Select a store... Brentwood Brighton Bristol Cardiff Cheltenham Enfield Manchester Oxford Portsmouth Preston Southampton Swansea Online


text:
The columbian exchange summary. Columbian exchange 2019-01-09
The columbian exchange summary Rating: 9,4/10 1731 reviews
Foods of the Columbian Exchange: Digital Collections for the Classroom
Europeans exported their diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis and smallpox. How did the Native Americans compare with the other peoples in the world? In the Columbian exchange there are a transfer of plant, animals, food, including slavery, and exchange of cultural norms and values. Additionally, it kept smaller European states, especially England, from making a fortune on trade, which explains why so many early English mariners were actually pirates. How did the Native Americans accept European food plants? When it moved to Europe and other lands, it also created a lot of stir. The isolation of America from the rest of the world after the fall of the Bering Strait placed it in a vulnerable position for infectious diseases. Towards the end of the 16th century, Brazil became the biggest producer of sugarcane. What did early European visitors notice about the plants and animals of the Americas? Does the presentation of food change depending upon who else is in the image? The Columbian Exchange connected Europe with Africa and the New World.
The Indians also gave to the Europeans, venereal disease. Describe how and when maize and potatoes spread into Europe and how they were used. And despite its pessimistic tone, I felt it dealt with the subjects neutrally as a whole. This not only wiped out entire ecosystems, but also changed the culture of the native populations that survived the epidemics. Although the number of animals increased, the number of humans decreased because Columbus brought diseases, such as smallpox, which the Americans were not immune to. Like the title says, it's about the biological and cultural exchange that occurred when the America's became linked to Europe, Africa, and Asia. Publication date 1972 Pages 268 The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 is a 1972 book on the by.
Essay on A Review of the Columbian Exchange
Crazy as it seems, Crosby was really the first to lay out this argument that the most important thing about Colu This is the classic study that has now become a key part of every American and World History class at both the high school and college levels. He challenges the notion of European origins, but presents the evidence that proponents of this theory utilise in their scholarship. The Columbian Exchange monumental has a historical and ecological impart. How did European domesticated animals adapt to the Americas and which of the animals contributed the most to the conquest and why? I just wish it would have been more narrow in it's execution, and contained less irrelevant thoughts and feelings, less rambling sources, and more focused analysis of what specifically was important, and how it affected not only the New World and Old World then, but also today. They help feed Europeans withoutthis exchange a lot more would've gone hungry.
Columbian exchange
While Europeans and Asians were affected by the Eurasian diseases, their status in those continents over centuries resulted in many people gaining. Later on not only would there be Indians working on the plantations but also the Atlantic slave trade would bring in slaves from Africa. The result is a comprehensive historicisation of the disease that straddles epidemiology and close readings of various documents. So, even while Native-American populations were decimated by Old World diseases, European and African populations swelled as American crops helped to overcome Old World famine. It was very out of place. Choosing which information was most important in Crosby's book, was a very difficult task. Layin Short Title New Englands prospect Creator William Wood Publication Date 1634 Language English Call Number Location Special Collections 4th floor This item appears in the collection.
The Impacts of the Columbian Exchange Essay example
While a case can be made for the significance of any of these factors—or all of them—in truth, the single most important factor in facilitating the European conquest of the Americas may be found, surprisingly, in a realm beyond simple human control: ecology. Gone were the days of spices having to come across the Silk Road: a network of trade routes that was now under increasing control from the Ottoman Turks. How did Europeans explain the differences between American plants and animals and those of the Eastern Hemisphere? The treatment of enslaved Africans during the Atlantic slave trade became one of the most controversial topics in the history of the New World. This was a big advantage over the few useless domesticated animals that existed in the New World. This is a hard book to evaluate, because it's been so immensely influential that all of its insights now seem like simple common sense. As a result of the Columbian Exchange, there was a vast exchange of animals that altered the diet and lifestyle in both regions.
Columbian Exchange free essay sample
I enjoyed this account of what the Old and New World exchanged when Columbus hit ground in the Americas. This book was published in the early 1970s, and some of Crosby's ideas have been accepted as common sense while some of the premises he rests his ideas on have since come into question. The new animals brought to America upset the ecology of the area. Another result from the Columbian Exchange was the exchanging of diseases. The effects of the introduction of European livestock on the environments and peoples of the New World were not always positive. Africa was not much of a difference than the natives from America.
What is a summary of the Columbian Exchange
How did European diseases affect the leaders and the political elites of the native peoples? He studied the effects of Columbus' voyages between the two. A few errors are noted in Crosby's 2003 preface -- but it doesn't take away from the most important points and arguments of this book. Indeed, the conquistadors brought priests with them and established missions such as St. Pre-Columbian Mexico was far from the uncivilized and sparsely populated image Europeans portray. The introduction of Old World foodstuffs, nuisance creatures, and even grasses--to say nothing of pathogens--literally set the stage for the incoming waves of colonists that would fundamentally change the continents of North and South America. Diseases were transmitted from Europeans to Native Americans as well as vice versa.
The Columbian Exchange Summary & Analysis
Columbus and the Europeans and Africans brought many new plant and animal species to America, including pigs, horses, cattle, and oxen. I may be changing to a passage from 1491 next time, but I still think The Columbian Exchange is a founding text of Environmental History. The exchange of plants… led to an increase in communication between the old world which included Europe and the new world which included the Americas. It also spent quite a large amount of time hypothesizing where syphilis might have originated, but then didn't really tie that in and state why it's important. His conclusion is that this Columbian exchange has left us with not a richer but a more impoverished genetic pool B. It's a good overview of the exact consequences of 1492, and the discovery.
It has become one of the foundational works in the burgeoning field of environmental history, and it remains one of the canonical texts for the study of world history. There were also many other populations wiped out due to complications that came from this exchange. Thus, the slave traders and some of the plantation owners used the concept of family to exploit and control the enslaved people. I, like most people, had never heard of it. However, I did have a few problems with it. Human population doubled from 1650 to 1850 3.
Crazy as it seems, Crosby was really the first to lay out this argument that the most important thing about Columbus was the biological revolution he touched off. Thirty years ago, Alfred Crosby published a small work that illuminated a simple point, that the most important changes brought on by the voyages of Columbus were not social or political, but biological in nature. When the Europeans explored the Americas, they were introduced to new plants, foods, and animals, as well as riches and land. Columbus and the Europeans and Africans brought many new plant and animal species to America, including pigs, horses, cattle, and oxen. Bleeding-edge though parts of it are, it still antedates some of the more significant upheavals in academia in terms of area studies and identity politics.


.15 oz Spicy and aromatic, herbal infused, handcrafted therapy lip balm is made with real ground cloves and essential oil of clove buds, this natural lip plumper will leave you with the perfect pucker.
Made with real ground cloves and essential oil of clove buds, our Natural Lip Plumper will leave you with the perfect pucker, cloves natural quality giving a slight tingling sensation. Immune boosting and mindfulIy clarifying, clove essential oil enhances circulation and many use it as an anti-smoking aid, as well.
Beeswax, Vitis vinifera (Grapessed,Non-GMO) infused with *Calendula officinalis (Calendula), *Symphytum officinale (Comfrey),*Plantago major (Plantain), *Stellaria media (Chickweed), *Hypericum perforatum (St.John's Wort), *Arctium lappa (Burdock), *Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), *Cocos nucifera (Coconut Oil), Tocopherol (Vitamin E, Non-GMO), essential oils and ground spice of Euginia caryophyllata (Clovebud).


Welcome to the section of my site that deals with the wonderful world of genetics. Genetics is a field that studies genes and everything directly related to them. You've probably heard the terms "genes" and "genetics" thrown around quite a lot over the years, especially when it comes to public discomfort with things like genetically-modified foods.
But what are genes? A gene is a molecule that forms part of a genetic code. The genetic code that is made up of genes describes how to build a living organism. Write the code one way and you get a human being; write it another way and you get a leopard. Our unique DNA is literally the core thing that identifies us as modern humans. Molecular genetics has opened the tree of life to us and given us the knowledge of the evolutionary ancestry of the plants and animals on planet Earth.
Just to be clear, I'm oversimplifying things a lot here. Genetics is a rapidly developing field and scientists are learning more things about genes everyday. Although we know enough about genetics to safely and confidently tinker with things like farm crops, it's clear we have a long way to go before realizing the full potential of this powerful science.
Why Do Transhumanists Care About Genetics?
Since Transhumanists centrally care about going beyond the limits of humanity, genetics have to be at the heart of that discussion. After all, it's our DNA that most clearly defines what is and is not human. If you change anything in the human genome, you are taking that person further away from the human "norm".
The application of genetics to practical genetic modification is called "genetic engineering". It's not a new thing, by far. You've probably eaten or used something that's the product of genetic engineering. Scientists have used genetic engineering to create crops that can withstand drought and disease, helping to ease world hunger. It's also been applied to animals, although that's not quite as widespread yet, especially if we're talking about multicellular organisms.
Before genetic engineering takes us beyond what it means to be human, it's likely to help us iron out the wrinkles and imperfections in human genetics. Like every other living thing on the planet, humans are the product of natural selection. Over billions of years, a line of ancestors was genetically selected by the environment – until we got us. It's an amazing fact about reality, and in some ways our existence verges on a miracle, but it's also a blind process that's prone to errors.
There are a lot of bugs in the human genome. There are many diseases, for example, that have a genetic basis, ranging from weak genetic causes to almost exclusively genetic causes. With gene therapy, it will be possible not only to cure an individual of a particular genetic disease, but to ensure that the problematic gene does not get passed on to descendants.
As you may suspect, gene modification does not have to stop at fixing things that are broken. Just as we are doing with other living beings, it will be possible to give human beings new genetic information that can change our bodies in fundamental ways. Life extension is a major field of interest, since much of the reason we get sick and old has to do with genetics. Beyond that, imagine people who are smarter, faster, and stronger than even the most genetically-gifted person on Earth today.
In this section I have focused on interesting applications of genetics and how we are using this science to reshape the world as we know it. When it comes to life extension I have, however, created a separate section since it's such a distinct and important topic, from a transhumanist point of view.
So here you'll find everything I have to say about genetics, except when it forms part of life extension, in which case it will be handled in that section instead. So if you are ready to break the code and explore your own inner genetic world, read on and be amazed as the book of life is laid bare.


text:
U.S. Rep. Clarke Praises Credit Unions in Floor Speech
WASHINGTON -- U.S. Rep. Yvette D. Clarke (D-N.Y.) praised the record of credit unions in serving low-and middle-income consumers, during a House floor speech on Tuesday.
By Claude R. Marx | Updated on April 24, 2008
WASHINGTON — U.S. Rep. Yvette D. Clarke (D-N.Y.) praised the record of credit unions in serving low-and middle-income consumers, during a House floor speech on Tuesday.
Clarke, a credit union member, also cited credit unions as examples of economic democracy and noted how they have paid attention to consumers in underserved areas that have often been abandoned by larger financial institutions.
CEFCU Helps Ease the Burden of High Home Buying Costs
Natasha Chilingerian | January 27, 2023
Grant program totaling $700,000 assists low-income families with down payments and closing costs.


The Klairs Rich Moist Tencel Sheet Mask is the upgraded version of the beloved Klairs Rich Moist Mask! This soothing sheet mask contains 5 different ceramides, all of which replenishes the skin's moisture barrier. Designed with 100% cotton and tencel fabric, this allows for minimum irritation to the skin. This is the perfect mask for those with dry, dull skin that's looking for a boost of hydration!


text:
import React from 'react';

export default function Button({ children, ...rest }) {
  return (
    <button {...rest}>{children}</button>
  );
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub