text:
William Lyon Mackenzie King (Prime Minister; President of the Privy Council)
Right Hon. W. L. MACKENZIE KING (Prime Minister):
Mr. Speaker, I desire to lay on the table the following documents:
Two copies in English and in French of:
(A)	On general agreement on tariffs and trade-
1.	Speech of the Prime Minister in London, England, on November 17, 1947.
2.	Final Act of the second session of the preparatory committee of the united nations conference on trade and employment, held at Geneva from April 10 to October 30, 1947, and related documents. (Treaty series 1947, No. 27).
3.	Schedule V to the general agreement on tariffs and trade.
4.	Press release of November 17, 1947, with respect to the general agreement on trade and tariffs.
5.	Schedules of tariff concessions to the general agreement on tariffs and trade.
(B)	On emergency economic measures- -
1.	Speech of the Minister of Finance in Ottawa on November 17, 1947.
2.	Order in council P.C. 4678 of November 12, 1947, with respect to import restrictions.
3.	Order in council P.C. 4858 of November 20, 1947, amendments to the foreign exchange control regulations.
4.	Explanatory notes on import restrictions.
5.	Foreign exchange control regulations with respect to travel by Canadian residents.
6.	Notes on travel restrictions.
7.	Summary of proposed tax measures.
Order in council P.C. 3573, September 2,
1947, appointment of the Hon. Milton Fowler Gregg, a member of the King's Privy Council for Canada, to be Minister of Fisheries, vice the Hon. H. F. G. Bridges, deceased.
Order in council P.C. 4443, October 30, 1947, appointment of Ralph Maybanlc, Esquire, M.P.. K.C., to be parliamentary assistant to the Minister of National Health and Welfare.
Order in council P.C. 4444, October 30, 1947, appointment of Walter E. Harris, Esquire, M.P., to be parliamentary assistant to the Secretary of State for External Affairs.
Order in council P.C. 4445, October 30, 1947, appointment of Paul Emile Cote, Esquire, M.P., to be parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Labour.
Order in council P.C. 4446, October 30, 1947, appointment of Robert McCubbin, Esquire, M.P., to be parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Agriculture.
Order in council P.C. 4447, October 30, 1947, appointment of Gleason Belzile, Esquire, M.P., to be parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Finance.
Order in council P.C. 4448, October 30, 1947, appointment of Robert H. Winters, Esquire, M.P., to be parliamentary assistant to the Minister of National Revenue.
Copies in English of the report of meetings between delegates from the national convention of Newfoundland and representatives of the government of Canada.
Copies in English and in French of terms believed to constitute a fair and equitable basis for union of Newfoundland with Canada should the people of Newfoundland desire to enter into confederation.
Copies in English and in French of the "Letters patent constituting the office of the Governor General of Canada, effective October 1, 1947, with appendices reproducing documents relating to the office of the Governor General of Canada in effect prior to October 1, 1947" and an explanatory press release issued by the Prime Minister on October 1, 1947.
Report in English on the audit of the accounts of the federal district commission for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1947.
Right Hon. L. S. ST. LAURENT (Secretary of State for External Affairs): Mr. Speaker, in compliance with section 2, subsection 3 of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act, 1945, I wish to table order in council of September 5, 1947, whereby Robert Broughton Bryce was appointed alternate governor of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Topic: REPORTS AND PAPERS
James Joseph McCann (Minister of National Revenue; Minister of National War Services)
In accordance with standing order 84 I desire to lay on the table the annual report of the Department of National Revenue for the year ended March 31, 1946, in English and French. I wish to report further, with
reference to the export of petroleum and pulp-wood, that no orders or regulations have been issued under the export of petroleum and pulpwood regulations established under chapter 63 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1927 since the last return made to parliament.
With reference to the Canada-United Kingdom income tax agreement, no orders or regulations have been issued under chapter 38 of the statutes of 1946.
With reference to the Canada-United Kingdom succession duty agreement, no regulations or orders have been issued under chapter 39 of the statutes of 1946, being the Canada-United Kingdom succession duty agreement section.
With reference to the Canada-United States tax convention, no orders or regulations have been issued under the convention relating to succession duties, enacted as chapter 31 of the statutes of 1944 since these were tabled in the house on March 20, 1946.
(For complete list of reports and papers tabled, see Votes and Proceedings, No. 2, December 8, 1947.)
FOREIGN EXCHANGE Canada's holdings of gold and united
STATES DOLLARS
Douglas Charles Abbott (Minister of Finance and Receiver General)
Hon. DOUGLAS ABBOTT (Minister of Finance):
On Friday last the leader of the opposition (Mr. Bracken) asked me to table a statement showing the month by month holdings of gold in United States dollars as of the end of each month since December 31, 1945. I beg leave to do so now.
Topic: STATES DOLLARS
STATEMENT RESPECTING CHANGES TO BE EFFECTIVE AS FROM NOVEMBER 17
Since it may be a day or two before we reach the emergency measures, I should like to make a brief statement regarding certain excise taxes which I announced on November 17 I would ask parliament to enact. As members will appreciate, this was a very broad and comprehensive programme, and since announcing it I have received many representations from business concerns and consumers affected.
In these discussions with the industries affected constructive suggestions have been put forward, and in cases where these proposals have not been in serious conflict with our over-all objectives they have been adopted. Needless to say, a minister of finance, cannot discuss these matters with
those who may be affected by them prior to their announcement.
I shall not take the time of the house now to explain in detail the various considerations which in each case led me to modify certain of these taxes. Members will appreciate, however, how important it is to industry to know of any changes in the government's intentions just as soon as possible after decisions have been made, and for that reason I am announcing now the following changes in the excise tax programme which I will ask parliament later to make effective as from November 18.
The tax on electric or gas refrigerators, refrigerating components, oil burners and oil burning equipment generally, will apply only when these items are adapted to household use or for use in apartment houses, places of entertainment, amusement or recreation such as, for example, rinks, halls, clubs and audiforia. At the same time the tax will be extended to cover air-conditioning, cooling or filtering equipment for the same uses. In the case of electric and gas stoves, ranges and heaters, the tax will be withdrawn. Organs for churches will be exempt from the tax on musical instruments. Tooth brushes will not be included in the toilet articles subject to tax. On pleasure boats the tax will apply only to the engines for use in such boats.
Topic: EXCISE TAX
Subtopic: STATEMENT RESPECTING CHANGES TO BE EFFECTIVE AS FROM NOVEMBER 17
LOAN TO UNITED KINGDOM, 1946 INQUIRY AS TO AMOUNTS DRAWN, BY MONTHS, TO DATE
John Bracken (Leader of the Official Opposition)
Mr. JOHN BRACKEN (Leader of the Opposition):
With the consent of the house, Mr. Speaker, may I be permitted to direct one question to the Minister of Finance (Mr. Abbott). A moment ago he answered a question with respect to the official holdings of gold and United States dollars at the end of each month from December 31, 1945. I want to thank the minister for that information. In view of the debate that is now pending will the minister give us an answer to this question at his early convenience? How much has been drawn by Britain to date, by months, on the Canadian loan granted in 1946?
Topic: LOAN TO UNITED KINGDOM, 1946 INQUIRY AS TO AMOUNTS DRAWN, BY MONTHS, TO DATE
I should be able to give that information tomorrow.
DEBATE ON THE ADDRESS TO BE FIRST ORDER THIS DAY
I have in my hand the motion which I placed before the house on
Friday last and which I asked for unanimous consent to introduce. Had that consent been given it would not have been necessary to introduce this motion at this time. However, consent was not given. Here I wish to correct at once a false impression that has arisen. The press in some quarters has indicated that I withdrew the motion. I never withdrew the motion because the motion was never before the house. All I asked for was the unanimous consent of the house to be allowed to introduce the motion which I thought would save time; but hon. gentlemen opposite refused to give that unanimous consent. Therefore the motion could not be put at the time it was introduced.
Topic: BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE
Subtopic: DEBATE ON THE ADDRESS TO BE FIRST ORDER THIS DAY
Gordon Graydon
Mr. GRAYDON:
There was a retreat somewhere.
Mr. MACKENZIE KING:
Yes, on my hon. friend's side.
The other false impression I should like to correct at once, because I think it is advisable that it should not become too current, is that the motion was intended in any way to deprive anyone of his right to speak in the debate on the address in reply. There is no intention of the kind. The government intends to give the fullest opportunity to every hon. member in the house, under the rules, to debate the address in accordance with his full rights. All that the motion had in its intent was that the debate should be begun by the leaders of the parties opposite, myself and another member on this side, and then be adjourned until later in the session when it would be resumed, so that in the meantime the house might have before it the important measures, for the purpose of dealing with which the house had been called at this particular time, and might know exactly what was to be expected of it in the way of procedure between now and the Christmas recess.
The motion reads:
That the debate on the address in reply to the speech of His Excellency 'the Governor General to both houses of parliament be the first order of business on Monday, December 8th instant, and that this order be followed by government notices of motion and government orders notwithstanding anything in standing order 15.
I have on the order paper immediately following that a motion to this effect:
Thait on and after Tuesday the 9th December, 1947, and every sitting day thereafter until Tuesday, the 30th December, government notices of motions and government orders shall have precedence over all other business except introduction of bills, questions by members and notices of motions for the production of papers.
As that motion will be coming forward immediately after this one, I think that part of the present motion which relates to precedence for government business is superfluous; if the house will give me its permission I will ask to be allowed to strike out the concluding words, "and that this order be followed by government notices of motion and government orders notwithstanding anything in standing order 15" so that the motion would simply read:
That the debate on the address in reply to the speech of His Excellency the Governor General to both houses of parliament be the first order of business on Monday, December 8th instant.
I think that will accord with the wishes of the house. It goes the length of simply indicating that today will be the date to begin the debate on the address in reply to the speech from the throne. Perhaps the house will allow me to amend the motion in the way I have indicated.
Mr. COLD WELL@
Mr. Speaker, does it not require the consent of the house for this motion to be moved at this particular time and in this particular place? I am not going to object to it. I think it is the right place to move it, but as I see it the procedure really should be that the Prime Minister ask the consent of the house to make that motion at this stage. I do not think it is in the proper order. We have not reached government orders. Am I right?
No; I gave notice of this motion last week. It appeared on the order paper and it is on the order paper now. It had forty-eight hours' notice. Therefore it is quite in order at this moment, and it comes up under motions.


text:
Posts tagged 'Nigeria´s population'
COVER THE LIES OF NIGERIA OR GET FIRED; Why I Sacked Odimegwu by Jonathan.
Abuja — PRESIDENT Goodluck Jonathan explained, yesterday, that the former chairman of the National Population Commission, NPC, Chief Festus Odimegwu was relieved of his appointment because of certain statements he made, which brought credibility problem to the commission.
The president, who disclosed this while swearing in the chairman and two commissioners of the National Population Commission; a member of the ICPC as well as two Advisers at the Presidential Villa, charged public officials to be mindful of their utterances in order not to erode the confidence of the people in the work of their agencies.
He said: "When we have a country that the population is growing than the way our economy is growing, then we must know our population figures, so that government at federal, state and local levels will be able to plan.
"The population commission is critical and you also have to be mindful about the statements you make and that is not limited to the national population commission alone, but to all of us who are holding offices.
"You must be very mindful and not make statements that will create problem for the society."
Addressing the new chairman, the President said: "I dropped your predecessor because of certain statements he made.
"He is a fine gentleman, everybody knows him, very cerebral. But an institution like the National Population Commission must be one that people will believe in whatever you do.
"And if you make pronouncements that will create credibility problem to that institution, the best thing is for you to step aside for some other person to step in because the credibility of that institution is critical.
"Perception in most cases are stronger than real, no matter what you do if the perception is wrong then society will not follow you," the president charged.
Odimegwu's comments raised a quantum of dust in the polity with the presidency firing him a query. He also received an avalanche of attacks from many northerners especially, Kano State Governor, Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso.
Going by the 2006 headcount, Kano is the most populous state in the country.
During a visit to President Goodluck Jonathan at the Presidential Villa, Abuja, Kwankwaso called for Odimegwu's sack over his denigration of the 2006 Nigeria census, saying: "We are not happy about that appointment and think that it was a mistake. Festus shouldn't be there in the first place… because he cannot be the chairman of NPC and at the same time be attacking what his predecessor had done."
Odumegwu's comments belie Nigeria's topsy-turvy experience with population census. Acclaimed as the most populous nation in Africa, the true number of Nigerians has always remained a matter of estimates. Currently, Nigeria's population is between 160 – 167 million based on projections from the 2006 census that put the nation's population at 140 million with the North accounting for 73.6 million and the South having 64.9 million.
Population figures had always been a subject of mudslinging between Southern and Northern politicians. For Southerners, the belief is that the population of the North has been "over-counted".
They argue that going by simple demographic distribution pattern across the globe, population increases as one moves from the hinterland (desert or Savannah regions) to the coast. They wondered why in the case of Nigeria, the North which lies more in the arid zone, is more populous than the coastal South.
For Northerners, their extensive landmass and population must not be taken for granted, facts, said argued that several head counts had confirmed.
Source: Radio Biafra.
African Politics.
160-167 million
2006 headcount
Biafrans
Festus Odimegwu
Kano State
National Population Commission
Nigeria´s population
Northern Nigeria
Rabiu Kwankwaso

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
It's time to quit asking people what they do for a living
Miranda LarbiFreelance Lifestyle ReporterSunday 24 Jun 2018 8:42 am
(Picture: Ella Byworth for Metro.co.uk)
Rule 101 of meeting new people is trying to find common ground.
As a teen, you try to ascertain what subjects people are taking for A Level. At uni, it might be which degree and where they're reading it.
And by adulthood, it seems that asking folk what they do for a living is the only form of getting to know them.
Pub, party or park, many of us are guilty of viewing careers as a means for sussing out other adults.
'What do you do?' isn't so much of an invitation for the person you're chatting with to talk you through their tedious office day-to-day, but rather a tool to measure how much respect they deserve.
If we really wanted to know about them, we could ask any number of questions that might give us more of an insight into the person they really are – beyond their monetary worth.
Because when we ask about jobs, that's really what we're going after.
A job title can give us an indication of how much the other person is earning, their level of education, how far up the greasy pole they've climbed and, crucially for prospective partners and confidants, how much further they have yet to climb.
That may sound cynical but just think about it for a moment.
What do we ever hope to gain by hearing about strangers' jobs? Do we really want a blow-by-blow description of how X got into Y job?
There are only two possibilities that ever really come out of the job chat: Either you switch off and start mentally planning what you're having for supper while they drone on, or we perk up at hearing something worth listening to.
A Magic Circle lawyer, you say? Do tell me more! Oh, you're fashion director at a national? That must be so fascinating!
Don't get me wrong, often there is something fascinating about people who do have incredible or interesting jobs and boring tends to beget boring.
But the reality is that many of us are equally as impressed by those who earn a lot – cool career or not. We're attracted by the power, the money, the tenacity required to advance in a competitive environment, why they have succeeded where others have failed.
Lisa, a dog charity worker, tells Metro.co.uk: 'I probably do start off by asking what they do for a living, yeah.'
When I ask her why, she says: 'Because if they've got a boring job, I probably won't want to talk to them'.
After all, if you've chosen a career that isn't financially that rewarding but offers you the chance to be creative/travel/pet dogs, why would you be interested in someone else's dry data entry role?
Annika, a PhD student in Manchester, tells Metro.co.uk that she asks the question because 'most people spend more time at work than on their hobbies so it's a big defining feature of their personalities'.
'Obviously, if their job is really boring or they don't want to talk about it then I'd move swiftly on… but I reckon it is the cornerstone of small talk/networking.'
And that's particularly the case when your job is your passion.
Annika again: 'I love it when people do what they love. People who adore their jobs have a va va voom about them, don't they? There's nothing more attractive than someone pursuing their dreams.'
'My job is my hobby,' a PR friend tells me.
'I think someone's job says a lot about them, more than their hobbies because hobbies are done in your downtime – jobs take up most of your life!'
And of course, asking what people do offers a rather unique personality test. You might ask someone what they do for a living and then have to stand there listening to them whinge on for 10 minutes… for no question to come back. What does that tell you about the other person?
Ask something less hierarchical. Why don't we ask questions like 'what inspires you?', or 'what do you love doing?'.
Laura Bartlett is the founder of luxury travel mag, House of Coco. Seriously impressive, she's been up for all kinds of entrepreneurial awards, survived Dragon's Den, founded and published her own magazine and now is in charge of a team of writers living across the UK.
Charity shares warning on flat-faced breeds after another dog in their care needs surgery
And you'd think that after all that graft, she'd be shouting her successes from the rooftops. But no – she doesn't ask and doesn't want to be asked what she does, straight off the bat.
'People ask you what you do for a living so they can calculate how much respect to give you,' she says.
'When did job description become self-description?'
What does she say when people ask her about her job?
'I just tell them "whatever it takes".'
For many of us, our jobs eat up so much of our time and energy. We might love what we do but we are not the sole summation of our careers. We're someone outside of the office too. And maybe that's the someone other people might want to get to know.
It is important to note, however, that rather than a cynical attempt to find out what you earn, it might be that the person asking you is at a loss for a conversation starter and has resorted to the classic 'what do you do then?' to break the awkward silence.
Rather than immediately write them off as a total social loser who's desperate to know the size of your bank balance, why not elegantly swerve the question. 'Oh, I'm sure you don't want to hear about my job – I'd love to know [insert your own witty opening question here] instead though'.
So let's all agree: it's time to ditch the work chat.
Apart from anything else, it could be quite exciting not knowing whether you're talking to a CEO or an intern.
MORE : What does Summer Solstice mean and what is the Pagan name for the longest day of the year?
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Teen, 18, vanishes leaving nightclub near Windsor Castle at 2am
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What's coming to Netflix in February? The Lucky One, Love Is Blind and many more
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Largest warehouse is not heated. Addition in rear of the building is heated approximately 1,250 sq/ft. Property has approx 400 sq/ft office, added extra asphalt in driveway, updated windows, 3 large over head doors. Property has large expanded yard.


text:
package service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.postgresql.jdbc2.EscapedFunctions;

import modelo.CadPlan;
import modelo.CapacDia;
import modelo.CapacRec;
import modelo.DeFamPer;
import modelo.DeModPer;
import modelo.HP;
import modelo.Parametros;
import modelo.PerioPAP;
import modelo.PerioPM;

import service.anotacao.Transacional;
import service.controleTransacao.FabricaDeAppService;
import service.exception.AplicacaoException;

import DAO.CadPlanDAO;
import DAO.CapacDiaDAO;
import DAO.CapacRecDAO;
import DAO.DeFamPerDAO;
import DAO.DeModPerDAO;
import DAO.HPDAO;
import DAO.ParametrosDAO;
import DAO.PerioPAPDAO;
import DAO.PerioPMDAO;
import DAO.Impl.CadPlanDAOImpl;
import DAO.Impl.CapacDiaDAOImpl;
import DAO.Impl.CapacRecDAOImpl;
import DAO.Impl.DeFamPerDAOImpl;
import DAO.Impl.DeModPerDAOImpl;
import DAO.Impl.HPDAOImpl;
import DAO.Impl.ParametrosDAOImpl;
import DAO.Impl.PerioPAPDAOImpl;
import DAO.Impl.PerioPMDAOImpl;
import DAO.controle.FabricaDeDao;
import DAO.exception.ObjetoNaoEncontradoException;

/**
 *
 * As classes de serviço é que possuem as regras de negócio. Fazem as críticas
 * quando necessário e chamam as classes DAO para pegar as informações do BD.
 *
 * São essas classes AppService que fazem o controle de transaçao, ou seja quem
 * abre a transaçao, "quem commita" através do interceptador de appservice. Aqui
 * defino se o metodo é transacional ou não e em funçao desta informaçao o
 * interceptador vai usar ou nao transacao.
 *
 *
 * Esta classe é originaria de jpa8 - DAO Generico familia e adaptada com
 * tratamento de excecao feito em EmpregadoAppService de jsf4b para o metodo que
 * recupera todas as familias
 *
 * @author daysemou
 *
 */
public class PerioPMAppService {

	// DAOs
	private static PerioPMDAO perioPMDAO;
	private static HPDAO hpDAO;
	private static ParametrosDAO parametrosDAO;
	private static PerioPAPDAO perioPAPDAO;
	private static DeModPerDAO deModPerDAO;
	private static DeFamPerDAO deFamPerDAO;
	private static CadPlanDAO cadPlanDAO;
	private static CapacDiaDAO capacDiaDAO;
	private static CapacRecDAO capacRecDAO;

	// Services
	private static HPAppService hpService;

	// Constantes
	final static int EXCLUSAO_PRIMEIRO_PERIODO = 0;
	final static int EXCLUSAO_ULTIMO_PERIODO = 1;
	final static int EXCLUSAO_TODOS_PERIODOS = 2;

	public PerioPMAppService() {

		try {

			// DAOs
			hpDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(HPDAOImpl.class);
			cadPlanDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(CadPlanDAOImpl.class);
			capacDiaDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(CapacDiaDAOImpl.class);
			capacRecDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(CapacRecDAOImpl.class);
			perioPMDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(PerioPMDAOImpl.class);
			parametrosDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(ParametrosDAOImpl.class);
			perioPAPDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(PerioPAPDAOImpl.class);
			deModPerDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(DeModPerDAOImpl.class);
			deFamPerDAO = FabricaDeDao.getDao(DeFamPerDAOImpl.class);

			// Services
			hpService = FabricaDeAppService.getAppService(HPAppService.class);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Inclui um objeto do tipo PerioPM, mas antes verifica se ja existe um periodo com este numero.
	 *
	 * @throws AplicacaoException
	 */
	@Transacional
	public void inclui(PerioPM perioPM) throws AplicacaoException {

		try {

			// Setar o parametro 'InicPlanejamento' como FALSE
			Parametros parametro = parametrosDAO.recuperaListaDeParametros().get(0);
			parametro.setInicPlanejamento(false);
			parametrosDAO.altera(parametro);

			// Se encontrou um PerioPM, é porque já existia alguem cadastrado c/ esse codigo.
			//
			perioPMDAO.recuperaPerioPMPorPeriodoPM(perioPM.getPeriodoPM());

			throw new AplicacaoException("perioPM.PERIODO_EXISTENTE");

		} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e) {
		}

		perioPMDAO.inclui(perioPM);
	}

	@Transacional
	public void altera(PerioPM umPerioPM) {
		perioPMDAO.altera(umPerioPM);
	}

	@Transacional
	public void exclui(PerioPM perioPM) throws AplicacaoException {

		PerioPM perioPMBD = null;

		try {
			perioPMBD = perioPMDAO.getPorIdComLock(perioPM.getId());
		} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e) {
		}

		perioPMDAO.exclui(perioPMBD);
	}
	/**
	 * Regras gerais que diferenciam os 3 tipos de exclusao de um perioPM:
	 * Excluir Primeiro
	 * Excluir Ultimo
	 * Excluir Todos
	 * Para cada um dos casos existe regras expecificas de exclusao, entretanto, ambos os casos
	 * chamam o metodo atualizarEntidadesDependentes
	 * @param tipoExclusao
	 * @throws AplicacaoException
	 * @author walanem e felipe.arruda
	 */
	@Transacional
	public void excluirPrimeiroUltimoOuTodos(int tipoExclusao) throws AplicacaoException{
		/*
		if (!cadPlanDAO.recuperaListaDeCadPlan().isEmpty()){
			throw new AplicacaoException("cadplan.PLANOS_CADASTRADOS");
		}
		*/
		List<PerioPM> periodos = perioPMDAO.recuperaListaDePerioPMs();

		int indiceInicial;
		int indiceFinal;

		if (tipoExclusao == EXCLUSAO_PRIMEIRO_PERIODO){

			PerioPM primeiroPeriodo = periodos.get(0);

			indiceInicial = 1;
			indiceFinal = periodos.size() - 1;

			if (indiceInicial == periodos.size()){
				indiceInicial = 0;	// Significa que a lista de Periodos possui apenas 1 elemento
			}

			List<PerioPM> periodosSubsequentes = perioPMDAO.recuperaIntervaloDePerioPMs
				(periodos.get(indiceInicial).getPeriodoPM(), periodos.get(indiceFinal).getPeriodoPM());

			this.atualizarEntidadesDependentes(EXCLUSAO_PRIMEIRO_PERIODO);

			this.exclui(primeiroPeriodo);

			if (indiceInicial != 0) {	// Só rearruma os periodos subsequentes se o Período excluído não era o unico da lista
				atualizarPeriodosRestantes(periodosSubsequentes, EXCLUSAO_PRIMEIRO_PERIODO);
			}

		} else if (tipoExclusao == EXCLUSAO_ULTIMO_PERIODO){

			indiceInicial = 0;
			indiceFinal = periodos.indexOf(periodos.get(periodos.size() - 1)) - 1;	// Indice anterior ao indice do ultimo periodo da lista

			PerioPM ultimoPeriodo = periodos.get(periodos.size() - 1);

			if (indiceFinal < 0){
				indiceFinal = 0;  // Significa que a lista de Periodos possui apenas 1 elemento
			}

			this.atualizarEntidadesDependentes(EXCLUSAO_ULTIMO_PERIODO);

			this.exclui(ultimoPeriodo);

			List<PerioPM> periodosRestantes = perioPMDAO.recuperaIntervaloDePerioPMs
				(periodos.get(indiceInicial).getPeriodoPM(), periodos.get(indiceFinal).getPeriodoPM());

			this.atualizarPeriodosRestantes(periodosRestantes, EXCLUSAO_ULTIMO_PERIODO);

		} else {

			// Se nao é nenhuma das opções anteriores, então trata-se da opção de exclusao de TODOS os periodos.

				//a) Atualizamos todas as entidades dependentes
				this.atualizarEntidadesDependentes(EXCLUSAO_TODOS_PERIODOS);

				// b) Excluimos TODOS os PerioPMs
				for (PerioPM perioPM : periodos) {
					this.exclui(perioPM);
				}

				// c) Excluimos TODOS os PerioPAPs
				List<PerioPAP> periodosPAP = perioPAPDAO.recuperaListaDePerioPAPs();

				try {
					PerioPAPAppService perioPAPService = FabricaDeAppService.getAppService(PerioPAPAppService.class);

					for (PerioPAP perioPAP : periodosPAP){
						perioPAPService.excluiComDependencias(perioPAP);
					}
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
					System.exit(1);
				}
		}

	}
	/**
	 * Metodo responsavel por reorganizar uma lista de periodos restantes
	 * utiliza o tipo de exclusao que foi feito para poder organizar de
	 * maneira eficiente(usa diferentes metodos para cada caso de exclusao)
	 * a relacao de PerioPM com PerioPAP, para ficar de 1x1.
	 * Se for o caso de ja existir uma relacao 1x1 de PerioPM com PerioPAP no momento da exclusao
	 * do perioPM(tanto primeiro quando o ultimo) sera excluido o ultimo perioPAP, enquanto
	 * os outros sao reorganizados para ficar novamente 1x1 com os perioPMs
	 * Por exemplo:
	 * Considerando uma exclusao de primeiro perioPM, de 10 periodos
	 * O perioPM 10 iria ficar ligado ao perioPAP 9, o perioPM 9 iria ficar ligado ao perioPAP 8...
	 * ateh o perioPM 2 aportar para o perioPAP 1, entao o perioPAP 10 que ficaria sobrando,
	 * sem nenhum perioPM ligado a ele, seria excluido.
	 * @param periodosRestantes
	 * @param tipoExclusao
	 * @author walanem e felipe.arruda
	 */
	@Transacional
	public void atualizarPeriodosRestantes(List<PerioPM> periodosRestantes, int tipoExclusao){

		List<PerioPAP> perioPAPAntigos = perioPAPDAO.recuperaListaDePerioPAPs();
		int tamanhoListaPeriodosRestantes = periodosRestantes.size();

		for (int i = 1; i <= tamanhoListaPeriodosRestantes; i++) {

			PerioPM perioPMAtual = null;

			try {
				perioPMAtual = perioPMDAO.getPorId(((periodosRestantes.get(i - 1).getId())));
			} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException ex) {
			}

			if (tipoExclusao == EXCLUSAO_PRIMEIRO_PERIODO){

				// RENUMERACAO DOS REGISTROS de PerioPM
				perioPMAtual.setPeriodoPM(perioPMAtual.getPeriodoPM() - 1);
			}

			if (i <= perioPAPAntigos.size()){

				PerioPAP perioPAPAtual = null;

				try {
					perioPAPAtual = perioPAPDAO.getPorId((perioPAPAntigos.get(i - 1).getId()));
				} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e) {
				}

				// OS PerioPAPs ANTIGOS VAO SENDO LIGADOS DE FORMA 1 <--> 1 COM OS PerioPMs
				perioPMAtual.setPerioPAP(perioPAPAtual);

			} else {

				// MODULO QUE ADICIONA NOVOS PerioPAPs PARA CASAR COM OS PerioPMs RESTANTES
				PerioPAP novoPerioPAP = new PerioPAP();
				novoPerioPAP.setPeriodoPAP(perioPMAtual.getPeriodoPM());

				perioPAPDAO.inclui(novoPerioPAP);

				perioPMAtual.setPerioPAP(novoPerioPAP);
			}

			this.altera(perioPMAtual);
		}

		// 	  Se executar este IF, estamos tratando o caso em que os PerioPMs e os PerioPAPs já estavam originalmente ligados
		// de forma 1 <--> 1. Assim, como já excluimos um PerioPM, consequentemente um PerioPAP também deve ser excluído, e
		// este sempre será o último da lista.
		if (tamanhoListaPeriodosRestantes < perioPAPAntigos.size()){

			try {

				//   Esta classe está instanciada localmente neste ponto, pois se esta variavel fosse Global, cairimos
				// num problema de "Inicialização Cíclica", já que no construtor desta classe é feita uma chamada para
				// uma instancia de PerioPAPService, que por sua vez, faz uma chamada para instanciar o PerioPMService
				// e assim, cairimos em Deadlock. Logo, por ser uma variavel local, assim que este metodo terminar sua
				// execucao, esta instancia será perdida.
				PerioPAPAppService perioPAPService = FabricaDeAppService.getAppService(PerioPAPAppService.class);

				PerioPAP ultimoPerioPAP = perioPAPDAO.getPorId((perioPAPAntigos.get(perioPAPAntigos.size() - 1)).getId());

				perioPAPService.excluiComDependencias(ultimoPerioPAP);

			} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e) {
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				System.exit(1);
			}
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Atualiza as entidades dependentes de perioPM para que o banco de dados
	 * nao fique inconsistente ao excluir um perioPM.
	 * No caso da inclusao de um perioPM nao eh feito nada, pois isso eh tratado no inicializaHP.
	 * Exitem 3 casos distintos, que sao relativos aos 3 tipos de exclusao de perioPM
	 * Caso exclua o primeiro periodo, o ultimo ou todos.
	 * Alem disso tambem tem algumas regras que sao independentes de qualquer caso.
	 * (Ex: Zerar os registros de DeFamPer)
	 * @param tipoExclusao
	 * @throws AplicacaoException
	 */
	@Transacional
	public void atualizarEntidadesDependentes(int tipoExclusao) throws AplicacaoException {

		// 1) Setar o parametro 'InicPlanejamento' como FALSE
		Parametros parametro = parametrosDAO.recuperaListaDeParametros().get(0);
		parametro.setInicPlanejamento(false);
		parametrosDAO.altera(parametro);

		//>>>>>>>>>>>>nova versao da exclusao

		List<PerioPM> periodos = perioPMDAO.recuperaListaDePerioPMs();
		List<HP> hpBD = hpDAO.recuperaListaDeHP();
		HP hp = null;
		if(!hpBD.isEmpty()){
			hp = hpBD.get(0);
		}

		//Prepara o capacRecService
		CapacRecAppService capacRecService = null;
		try {
			capacRecService = FabricaDeAppService
					.getAppService(CapacRecAppService.class);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}

		//Prepara o capacDiaService
		CapacDiaAppService capacDiaService = null;
		try {
			capacDiaService = FabricaDeAppService.getAppService(CapacDiaAppService.class);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}

		//Prepara o demodperservice
		DeModPerAppService deModPerService = null;
		try {
			deModPerService = FabricaDeAppService.getAppService(DeModPerAppService.class);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}

		//recupera lista de deModPers
		List<DeModPer> demandas = deModPerDAO.recuperaListaDeDemandaModeloPeriodo();
		//Recupera lista de capacRecs
		List<CapacRec> listaCapacRec = capacRecDAO.recuperaListaDeCapacRecs();
		//recupera a lista de capacDias
		List<CapacDia> listaCapacDia = capacDiaDAO.recuperaListaDeCapacDias();

		//>>>CASO1:
		//exclui dependencias que estavam relacionados ao primeiro periodo
		if(tipoExclusao == EXCLUSAO_PRIMEIRO_PERIODO){
			PerioPM novoPrimeiroPerioPM = null;
			try {
				novoPrimeiroPerioPM = perioPMDAO.recuperaPerioPMPorPeriodoPM(2);
			} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e1) {
			}

			//>>>>Exclui CapacRecs

			//Percorre a lista de capacRecs e exclui todos que estao relacionados ao periodo 1
			//ja que esse foi excluido.
			for(CapacRec capacRec : listaCapacRec){
				if(capacRec.getPerioPM().getPeriodoPM() == 1){
					try {
						capacRecService.exclui(capacRec);
					} catch (Exception e) {
						System.out.println("ERRO NA EXCLUSAO DE CAPACRECS!!!!");
					}
				}
			}

			//>>>>Exclui CapacDia

			//Percorre a lista de capacDias e exclui todos que estao relacionados ao periodo 1
			//ja que esse foi excluido.
			for(CapacDia capacDia : listaCapacDia){
				if(capacDia.getPerioPM().getPeriodoPM() == 1){
					capacDiaService.exclui(capacDia);
				}
			}

			//>>>>Exclui  DeModPer
			for (DeModPer deModPer : demandas) {
				if(deModPer.getPeriodo().getPeriodoPM() == 1){
					//Verificar se eh melhor usar o DAO ou o service aqui
					//tenho quase certeza que o correto seria usar o Service!
					deModPerService.exclui(deModPer);
				}
			}

			//DELETAR PlanoFamilia e PlPerFam

			//>>>> Altera informacoes do HP
			//verificar se nesse momento o primeiro perioPm da lista de
			//perioPMs eh realmente o primeiro ou se eh o que foi deletado.

			//se novoPrimeiroPerioPM nao for null e
			//se ele é o perioPMInic do HP foi esse mesmo perioPM entao
			//altera o HP para usar o proximo perioPM
			try{

				if (hp.getPerioPMInicDemMod().getPeriodoPM() == 1) {
					if (novoPrimeiroPerioPM == null){
						hp.setPerioPMFinalDemMod(null);
						hp.setPerioPMFinalPMP(null);
					}
					hp.setPerioPMInicDemMod(novoPrimeiroPerioPM);
					hp.setPerioPMInicPMP(novoPrimeiroPerioPM);

					hpService.altera(hp);
				}

			}catch(Exception e){

			}

		}

		//>>>CASO2:
		//exclui dependencias que estavam relacionados ao ultimo periodo
		else if(tipoExclusao == EXCLUSAO_ULTIMO_PERIODO){
			PerioPM ultimoPerioPM = null;
			try {
				ultimoPerioPM = perioPMDAO.recuperaPerioPMPorPeriodoPM(periodos.size());
			} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e1) {
			}

			//>>>>Exclui  DeModPer
			for (DeModPer deModPer : demandas) {
				if(deModPer.getPeriodo().getPeriodoPM() == ultimoPerioPM.getPeriodoPM()){
					//Verificar se eh melhor usar o DAO ou o service aqui
					//tenho quase certeza que o correto seria usar o Service!
					deModPerService.exclui(deModPer);
				}
			}

			//>>>>Exclui CapacRecs

			//Percorre a lista de capacRecs e exclui todos que estao relacionados ao periodo 1
			//ja que esse foi excluido.
			for(CapacRec capacRec : listaCapacRec){
				if(capacRec.getPerioPM().getPeriodoPM() == ultimoPerioPM.getPeriodoPM()){
					try {
						capacRecService.exclui(capacRec);
					} catch (Exception e) {
						System.out.println("ERRO NA EXCLUSAO DE CAPACRECS!!!!");
					}
				}
			}

			//>>>>Exclui CapacDia

			//Percorre a lista de capacDias e exclui todos que estao relacionados ao periodo 1
			//ja que esse foi excluido.
			for(CapacDia capacDia : listaCapacDia){
				if(capacDia.getPerioPM().getPeriodoPM() == ultimoPerioPM.getPeriodoPM()){
					capacDiaService.exclui(capacDia);
				}
			}

			try{
				// verifica se o perioPM excluido eh o periodoFinal do HP
				if (ultimoPerioPM.getPeriodoPM() == hp.getPerioPMFinalPMP().getPeriodoPM()) {

					// >>>> Altera informacoes do HP
					// verificar se nesse momento o ultimo perioPm da lista de
					// perioPMs eh realmente o ultimo ou se eh o que foi
					// deletado.
					PerioPM novoUltimoPerioPM = null;
					try {
						novoUltimoPerioPM = perioPMDAO
								.recuperaPerioPMPorPeriodoPM(periodos.size() - 1);
					} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e1) {
					}

					if (novoUltimoPerioPM == null){
						hp.setPerioPMInicDemMod(null);
						hp.setPerioPMInicPMP(null);
					}
					hp.setPerioPMFinalDemMod(novoUltimoPerioPM);
					hp.setPerioPMFinalPMP(novoUltimoPerioPM);

					hpService.altera(hp);
				}
			}catch(Exception e){

			}

		}
		//>>>>CASO3:
		//atualiza as entidades levando em conta que todos os perioPMs foram excluidos
		else{

			//>>>>Exclui CapacRecs
			//Percorre a lista de capacRecs e exclui todos
			for(CapacRec capacRec : listaCapacRec){
				capacRecService.exclui(capacRec);
			}

			//>>>>Exclui CapacDia
			//Percorre a lista de capacDias e exclui todos
			for(CapacDia capacDia : listaCapacDia){
				capacDiaService.exclui(capacDia);
			}

			//>>>>Exclui  DeModPer
			//Percorre a lista de deModPers e exclui todos
			for (DeModPer deModPer : demandas) {
					//Verificar se eh melhor usar o DAO ou o service aqui
					//tenho quase certeza que o correto seria usar o Service!
					deModPerService.exclui(deModPer);
			}

			//>>>>Exclui  HP
			for(HP hpdel : hpBD){
				hpService.exclui(hpdel);
			}

		}

		//>>>> Zera DeFamPer

		//recupera lista de deFamPers
		List<DeFamPer> demandasFamilia = deFamPerDAO.recuperaListaDeDemandaFamiliaPerioPAP();

		//Zerar TODOS os registros de deFamPer pois fica trocado as informacoes
		//de perioPAP, logo perde a logica de negocio(apesar da logica do banco ser mantida)
		DeFamPerAppService deFamPerService = null;
		try {
			deFamPerService = FabricaDeAppService.getAppService(DeFamPerAppService.class);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		for (DeFamPer deFamPer : demandasFamilia) {

				deFamPer.setPedidosFamilia(0.0);
				deFamPer.setVendasProjetadasFamilia(0.0);
				deFamPerService.altera(deFamPer);
		}

		//>>>> Exclui todos os cadPlan e seus respectivos PlanoModelo e PlPerMod
		CadPlanAppService cadPlanService = null;
		try {
			cadPlanService = FabricaDeAppService.getAppService(CadPlanAppService.class);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
//		System.out.println("antes do list");
		// 5) Excluir todos os registros de CadPlan do sistema
		//exclui em cascata os planoModelo e PlPerMod relativos a cada cadPlan
		List<CadPlan> planos = cadPlanDAO.recuperaListaDeCadPlan();
//		System.out.println("depois do list");
		for (CadPlan plano : planos) {
//			System.out.println("entrou no for list cadplan");
			cadPlanService.exclui(plano);
//			System.out.println("depois de excluir");
		}
//		System.out.println("depois do for");

		//DELETAR PlanoFamilia e PlPerFam

	}

	public PerioPM recuperaPerioPMPorPeriodoPM(int periodoPM) throws AplicacaoException {

		try {
			return perioPMDAO.recuperaPerioPMPorPeriodoPM(periodoPM);
		} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e) {
			throw new AplicacaoException("perioPM.NAO_ENCONTRADO");
		}
	}

	public List<PerioPM> recuperaListaDePerioPMs() {
		return perioPMDAO.recuperaListaDePerioPMs();
	}

	public List<PerioPM> recuperaListaPaginadaDePerioPMs() {
		return perioPMDAO.recuperaListaPaginadaDePerioPMs();
	}

	/**
	 * Calcula o numero de dias uteis no perioPM dados os perioPM Inicial e final
	 *
	 * @param periodoInicial
	 * @param periodoFinal
	 * @return double
	 */
	public double calculaTotalDiasUteisIntervalo(PerioPM periodoInicial, PerioPM periodoFinal){

		double total = 0.0;

		List<PerioPM> periodos = this.recuperaListaDePerioPMs();

		//lembrando que sublist utiliza como parametros( int arg, int arg2 -1) entao quando for chamar
		//utilizar no formato( periodoInicial-1, periodofinal)
		List<PerioPM> intervalo = periodos.subList((periodoInicial.getPeriodoPM()-1), (periodoFinal.getPeriodoPM()));

		for (PerioPM perioPM : intervalo) {
			total += perioPM.getNumDiasUteisMatriz();
		}
		return total;
	}

	/**
	 *  Este metodo devolve o Periodo onde deve ser iniciada a produção,
	 *  usando o tempo de reposição para fazer a defasagem.
	 *
	 *  A lista de retorno não possui tipo explicito, pois são retornados
	 *  <b>vários objetos de tipos distintos</b> na mesma.
	 *
	 *  <br/>
	 *  Esse recurso foi utilizado pois precisavamos ter 2 parametros como
	 *  retorno da função, entao foi usado um map.
	 *  <br/>
	 *
	 *
	 *  <b>Parâmetros de Retorno:</b>
	 *
	 *  <br/><br/>
	 *
	 *  0) inicioPMPAntesInicioHP - variavel booleana que indica se o periodo no qual deveria
	 *  iniciar a produção ocorre antes do inicio do HP (true) <br/>
	 *  1) periodoDefasado    - corresponde ao período de inicio da produção. Quando é zero
	 *  significa que a produção deveria ter sido feita antes do início do HP   <br/>
	 *
	 * @param inicioPMPAntesInicioHP
	 * @param periodoRecebimentoPMP
	 * @param periodoDefasado
	 * @param tempoReposicao
	 * @return List
	 */
	public Map verificaPeriodoInicioPMP(boolean inicioPMPAntesInicioHP, int periodoRecebimentoPMP,
														int periodoDefasado, Double tempoReposicao){

		Map resultado = new HashMap();

		inicioPMPAntesInicioHP = false;

		periodoDefasado = periodoDefasado(periodoRecebimentoPMP, tempoReposicao);
		if(periodoDefasado < 1){
			inicioPMPAntesInicioHP = true;
		}

		resultado.put("inicioPMPAntesInicioHP" , inicioPMPAntesInicioHP);
		resultado.put("periodoDefasado" , periodoDefasado);

		return resultado;
	}

	/** considera que o modelo deve ser entregue pronto no 1º dia do Periodo de Recebimento
	 * ou seja, se TR= 1,2,3,4 ou 5   ; NumDiasUteis = 5 e PeriodoRecebimento = 2 entao
	 * PeriodoInic = 1  (acho que está errado.  Deveria ser PeriodoInic = 2 ou seja, poderia ser
	 * feito no mesmo periodo em que seria recebido pois TR <= NumDiasUteisDoPeriodo
	 * @param periodoRecebimentoPMP
	 * @param tempoReposicao
	 * @return
	 */
	public int periodoDefasado(int periodoRecebimentoPMP, Double tempoReposicao){

		int periodoDefasado = 0;

		if(tempoReposicao == 0){
			periodoDefasado = periodoRecebimentoPMP;
		}
		else{
//			System.out.println("Entrou no else do periodoDefasado");
			Double numDiasUteisAcumulado = 0.0;

			PerioPM perioPM = null;

			//pega perioPM anterior ao atual
			try {
				perioPM = perioPMDAO.recuperaPerioPMPorPeriodoPM(periodoRecebimentoPMP-1);
			} catch (ObjetoNaoEncontradoException e) {
			//se o periodo atual for =1, entao o anterior nao existe, logo retorna periodoDefasado = 0
				return periodoDefasado = 0;
			}

//			System.out.println("passou pelo try, perioPM="+perioPM.getPeriodoPM());

			List<PerioPM> intervaloPerioPMs = recuperaIntervaloDePerioPMs(1, perioPM.getPeriodoPM());

			Collections.reverse(intervaloPerioPMs);

//			System.out.println("vai entrar no for");
			for(PerioPM perioPMCorrente : intervaloPerioPMs){
//				System.out.println("perioPM = "+perioPMCorrente.getPeriodoPM());

				numDiasUteisAcumulado += perioPMCorrente.getNumDiasUteisMatriz();

//				System.out.println("numdiasAcumulado = "+numDiasUteisAcumulado+" - tempoReposicoa"+tempoReposicao);

				if (numDiasUteisAcumulado >= tempoReposicao){
					periodoDefasado = perioPMCorrente.getPeriodoPM();
//					System.out.println("periodoDefasado: "+periodoDefasado);
					break;

				}

			}

		}

//		System.out.println("retorno de periodoDefasado="+periodoDefasado);
		return periodoDefasado;
	}

	/**
	 * Calcula o numero de dias uteis no perioPM dados os perioPM Inicial e final
	 *
	 * @param periodoInicial
	 * @param periodoFinal
	 * @return double
	 */
	public double TesteSubList(){

		double total = 0.0;
		Double a = 5.0;
		Double b = 6.0;
		Double c = 7.0;
		Double d = 8.0;

		List<Double> lista=new ArrayList<Double>();
		lista.add(a);
		lista.add(b);
		lista.add(c);
		lista.add(d);

		System.out.println(lista.size());
		List<Double> intervalo = lista.subList(3,lista.size());

		for (Double dd : intervalo) {
			System.out.println("==="+dd);
			total += dd;
		}
		return total;
	}

	public List<PerioPM> recuperaIntervaloDePerioPMs(int periodoInicial, int periodoFinal){
		return perioPMDAO.recuperaIntervaloDePerioPMs(periodoInicial, periodoFinal);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Meet Your Future Neighbor, Part 1 of a Series (No on 36)
Filed under: General,No on 36 — Patterico @ 7:17 pm
The California District Attorneys Association has done an excellent study (.pdf) of the horrible Proposition 36 to gut three strikes. In the study they have several examples of people who might be released if this turkey passes. I'll be featuring several in an ongoing series, starting with this one:
ERVIN COLE
In 1984, Cole was convicted of robbery using a firearm. In 1991 he was convicted of burglary. A year later, Cole was convicted of assault with a deadly weapon. Cole was sentenced to prison for each of these convictions. After his release, he violated parole five times from 1989 through 1997. During this same time, Cole was also convicted of two misdemeanors.
In 1999, Cole was observed driving a stolen vehicle, and police officers attempted to stop him. Instead of stopping in response to police lights and sirens, Cole accelerated rapidly and led police on a chase. He swerved in and out of traffic, reached a speed of more than 85 miles an hour on a residential street, ran two red lights and three stop signs, swerved into opposing lanes of traffic, and nearly crashed into several other cars. Cole finally collided with another vehicle, spun out of control, and his vehicle rolled over. Cole's passenger and the driver of the other vehicle were injured. Cole fled on foot and was tackled by a police officer.
Cole pled guilty to felony evading arrest, car theft, and felony hit-and-run. He admitted two strike priors, and was sentenced to prison for 25 years to life.
If Cole were re-sentenced pursuant to Proposition 36, his new maximum potential sentence would be no more than eight years and eight months in state prison, reduced further by custody credits since it would be a determinate-term sentence.
We learn a few things here — things I already knew, but that (perhaps) you didn't. Felony evading is not a "serious or violent" felony. Nor is felony hit and run. Nor, obviously, is car theft.
Remember that the next time you think that non-strikes are no big deal.
Frankenstorm Open Thread
If you have been hit and your power and Internet are out, and you are completely unable to access the Internet, leave a comment and tell us about your situation.
Wait a second . . .
Michelle Obama: Osama bin Laden Is One of My Husband's Most Committed Supporters
High comedy from World Net Daily — yet it's all 100% true (assuming you believe World Net Daily, which I do, in this limited instance, because of the level of detail provided):
Using a Pakistani Internet Protocol, or IP address, a disposable credit card and a fake address, "Osama bin Laden" has successfully donated twice to Barack Obama's presidential re-election campaign.
The "Bin Laden" donations, actually made by WND staff, included a listed occupation of "deceased terror chief" and a stated employer of "al-Qaida."
"Bin Laden" is currently set up on the official campaign website to contribute more to Obama's campaign. The name is also registered as a volunteer.
Upon clicking the "donate" button, WND staff selected the $15 amount and were taken to a page on the campaign website asking for a first and last name, city, state, zip code, email address and phone number.
The information submitted was: "Osama bin Laden, 911 Jihad Way, Abbottabad, CA 91101."
Of course, Obama's crack credit card security features instantly caught the fraud, right, "Geek Esq."? Uh, not really. They donated twice and both contributions were accepted.
This is stuff we already knew, but the comedic factor at play in this story is worth the Drudge link it received.
Here's where it gets good:
From the time of the first donation until today, the Obama campaign sent nine more emails to the bin Laden Gmail account soliciting more donations.
One email sent Saturday reads, "Thanks so much for your donation of $5.00. Please take 10% off your next purchase of $10 or more at our online store."
Another, signed by Michelle Obama, was titled "Barack is getting outraised."
"You're one of the campaign's most committed supporters," Michelle Obama writes in the automated email to "bin Laden."
"Please make a donation of $19 or whatever you can today."
Hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha.
The Readers' Rep Responds on the L.A. Times's Error on Three Strikes
Responding to my complaint, the L.A. Times has corrected the voter guide on Proposition 36. They had erroneously stated that a defendant with two prior strikes who commits a third felony is "automatically sentenced to 25 years to life" — "no matter what the seriousness" of the third felony. Today, they changed the language.
So: Great Success, right?
Yeah, not so much. Here is the new language:
Under current law, when someone with two or more serious or violent felony convictions is convicted of a third felony — no matter what the seriousness — he or she is supposed to be sentenced to 25 years to life.
"Supposed to"? When it almost never happens these days?
Sigh. Here is my follow-up email:
Ms. Edgar,
Thank you for your quick attention to my email today. Unfortunately, the new language is still substantially misleading. The new language says: "Under current law, when someone with two or more serious or violent felony convictions is convicted of a third felony — no matter what the seriousness — he or she is supposed to be sentenced to 25 years to life."
It's a step in the right direction to remove the misleading language stating that a 25 to life sentence is "mandatory." However, to say a defendant "is supposed to" be sentenced to 25 to life "no matter what the seriousness" of the third felony is simply not the law or the practice in Los Angeles County or others.
The term "supposed to" is defined as follows:
(usually with to) meant, expected, required, obliged. He produced a handwritten note of nine men he was supposed to kill.
But in Los Angeles County and other counties, criminals with two strikes on their record are not "meant, expected, required, or obliged" to be sentenced to 25 years to life, if their current crime is neither serious nor violent. Under Steve Cooley's policy, such people are presumed to be treated as second strikers, and merely have their sentence doubled. And the overwhelming majority of such defendants are not sentenced to 25 to life. How can they be "expected, required, or obliged" to be given 25 years to life when it is presumed that they won't be and almost never are?
Your language conveys the impression that a 25 to life sentence for a current non-strike offense is expected and even obligatory, when the opposite is true: such sentences are quite rare.
What the guide ought to say is that current law authorizes a 25 to life sentence for any felony committed by a suspect with two prior strikes. However, under current law, a judge may strike priors and give a lower sentence, after considering the suspect's criminal history, the seriousness of the current offense, and the suspect's prospects for leading a law-abiding future. The proposition, by contrast, removes any ability to sentence prisoners to life when the current offense is neither serious nor violent, with certain enumerated exceptions.
My Letter to the L.A. Times Readers' Rep Regarding Proposition 36, the Proposition to Gut Three Strikes
Filed under: General,No on 36 — Patterico @ 7:30 am
I have just written the following email to the Readers' Representative at the L.A. Times:
Your newspaper's "voter guide" entry on Prop. 36 states: "Currently, when someone with two or more serious or violent felony convictions is convicted of a third felony — no matter what the seriousness — he or she is automatically sentenced to 25 years to life." This is false. "Automatic" means "occurring as a necessary consequence" with no exceptions. But nobody is "automatically" sentenced to 25 years to life in California when their third strike is not serious or violent.
First, in Los Angeles and other counties, prosecutors exercise discretion in such cases, such that the overwhelming majority of potential third strikers are sentenced to determinate terms, usually under ten years.
Second, even in cases where a prosecutor decides to proceed with a case as a third strike, judges have the power under Penal Code section 1385 to strike a strike. This motion — called a "Romero" motion from the California Supreme Court case that ruled such motions are authorized by law — can be made by the judge without any request from the defendant. In such a motion, the judge considers a range of factors, including the seriousness and remoteness of the strike priors, the defendant's behavior since his last strike prior, and his prospects for becoming a law-abiding member of society. Judges often use Romero motions to strike priors and sentence defendants to less than 25 to life. It happens literally daily across Los Angeles County.
It is misleading to say that a 25 to life sentence is "mandatory" for a current offense that is not serious or violent. It does not reflect what is happening in the state of California. I understand that the Los Angeles Times favors Proposition 36, but misleading your readers is not a legitimate way to attract support for a proposition.
It is imperative that this error be corrected before the election. I ask you to assign this correction the highest priority.
They have their thumb on the scale. You can help me pry it off by adding your thoughts to Readers' Rep Dierdre Edgar. Be polite and factual. She can be reached at readers.representative@latimes.com.
No on 36: Soros-Funded Proposition Will Fill the Streets with Criminals
Filed under: General,No on 36 — Patterico @ 12:01 am
Proposition 36 is a measure designed to weaken the Three Strikes law. As I write this, it seems destined to pass: polling consistently shows support over 60% and opposition under 30%. George Soros has spent a million dollars to support it. With Soros's help, supporters are outspending opponents by more than 20 to 1.
What is all this money buying? The freedom of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of criminals with multiple serious and/or violent felonies on their record.
I plan several posts in coming days about how dangerous this proposition would be. The L.A. Times and others have tried to sell you a bill of goods. They claim that Proposition 36 might free only a few hundred (supposedly) aging prisoners who will (supposedly) be Certified Nonviolent by a judge, as opposed to the status quo where prisoners are (supposedly) "automatically" sentenced to 25 to life, and the prisons are (supposedly) being crammed to the hilt with thousands of nonviolent offenders. And don't worry! Anyone with "homicide offenses" on their record will (supposedly) stay in for life.
That's what you're being told. But most of what you're being told is wrong.
Even today, nobody is "automatically" sentenced to 25 to life, despite the L.A. Times's false claims to the contrary. Potential third-strikers already receive individualized hearings before sentencing, in which judges take into account the circumstances of their upbringing, the remoteness and violent (or nonviolent) nature of their previous strikes, and their future prospects.
Only about 10% of third-strike prisoners are over 60. When the L.A. Times pretends the third-strike population is a bunch of nonviolent old codgers, they are playing games with the facts.
A judge will not have to certify that they are not violent. You heard me right. As I will fully explain in future posts, once this horrible proposition is passed, judges all over the state will be holding hearings where people with two violent convictions on their record are seeking their freedom. And judges will be telling prosecutors that these violent convictions are almost irrelevant to whether the defendants pose an "unreasonable" risk of harm to society as required by the law. "What more do you have to show he is violent, other than just his convictions for manslaughter and armed robbery?" will be a typical question heard in such hearings. The best evidence of the risk these people pose will be brushed aside — because the law assumes that people with multiple strikes will be freed. I'll have much more on this in coming days.
The prisons are not crammed full of third strikers, because District Attorneys across the state are already exercising discretion under the law. In December 2003, we had 7,335 third strikers. In December 2011, there were 8,848, out of a total prison population of 184,807. That's an increase of 1,513 in eight years, which is fewer than 200 per year. So third strikers are fewer than 5% of the prison population, and every year we give life sentences to another 200 people — a tiny number which represents only one tenth of one percent of the 2011 prison population.
You're being told that "homicide offenses" will keep people from being released . . . but what you're not being told is that voluntary manslaughter and certain forms of vehicular manslaughter are not among this collection of "homicide offenses."
The bottom line is as simple as it is frightening: people with multiple convictions for manslaughter, armed robbery, residential burglary, and other horrible offenses will be walking the streets once this thing passes.
And ignoring or weakening the Three Strikes law has consequences. People like Lily Burk are dead because people like Charles Samuel walked the streets when the law could have put them away. And I promise you: the L.A. Times editors know this, which makes their editorializing in favor of Prop. 36 particularly distressing.
I can't put everything in one post. Since I am addressing this important issue late in the game, I plan to blanket the blog with anti-36 posts between now and election day.
I probably won't change the outcome. But I will have tried. And I promise you: when these people hit the streets and start hurting and killing people — and they will — I'll be right here to tell you that I told you so.
UPDATE: Added the words "certain forms of" to the post. Some vehicular manslaughter priors will deprive third strikers of the chance to petition for freedom, but not all. Thanks to JRM.
DCSCA on President Biden's Job Approval Rating Lowest to Date
nk on Weekend Open Thread


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Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich left waiting for U.K. visa amid crackdown
British lawmakers want to see tighter controls on Russian 'dirty money' in London.
The Treasury Department included billionaire Roman Abramovich on a list of Russian tycoons and politicians who are close to Vladimir Putin and could be the target of future sanctions. Anthony Anex / AP
May 21, 2018, 2:34 PM UTC / Updated May 21, 2018, 2:54 PM UTC
By Alastair Jamieson
LONDON — The billionaire Russian owner of England's Chelsea soccer club, named by the U.S. as a crony of Russian President Vladimir Putin, has not has his visa renewed by British authorities.
Roman Abramovich missed his Premier League team's 1-0 win over Manchester United in Saturday's FA Cup Final because he cannot enter the country, the Russian site The Bell reported.
The move comes amid strained relations between Russia and Britain following the poisoning of former Russian double-agent Sergei Skripal in Britain in March, an act Britain has blamed on Russia but which the Kremlin denies any involvement in.
Abramovich is in the process of renewing his visa after it expired last month, but it is taking longer than usual, Reuters and The Associated Press reported Monday, both citing sources close to the tycoon who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to reporters.
The Eclipse, owned by Roman Abramovich, pictured in New York City.Spencer Platt / Getty Images file
Abramovich's Moscow-based spokesman, John Mann, told NBC News, "We're not commenting on it as it's a personal matter."
British Prime Minister Theresa May's spokesman said the government would not comment on why Abramovich's visa had yet to be renewed, but explained that more stringent checks were being carried out on all applicants for investor visas to make sure funds "had not been obtained unlawfully."
In January, the U.S. Treasury Department included him on a list of Russian tycoons and politicians who are close to the Russian president and could be the target of future sanctions. Abramovich is reportedly also a friend of President Donald Trump's daughter Ivanka and her husband, Jared Kushner.
Abramovich, who owns Russia's largest steelmaker, Evraz, as well as luxury homes in London and France, made his fortune in the 1990s when former Soviet state assets were sold off to private investors. Forbes estimates his wealth at about $10.8 billion, making him the 140th richest person in the world.
It came on the same day that a committee of British lawmakers said the government should show "stronger political leadership" over Russian "dirty money" flowing through the U.K.
Tom Tugendhat, chairman of U.K. Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee, said, "There is no excuse for the U.K. to turn a blind eye as President Putin's kleptocrats and human rights abusers use money laundered through London to corrupt our friends, weaken our alliances, and erode faith in our institutions."
"We are determined to drive dirty money and the money launderers out of the U.K.," May's spokesman said.
Britain's Home Office, which deals with immigration, declined to comment on the Abramovich case.
Reuters and The Associated Press contributed.


Norma passed away on Friday, April 12, 2019.
Norma was a resident of Chapel Hill, North Carolina at the time of passing.
A memorial service will be held on Saturday, April 20, 2019 at 11:00am in the Chapel of Walker's Funeral Home.
I cherish the memories I have with Jean. She was such a sweet, caring person. I will definitely miss her.


The sun is shining and summer is now in full swing! To help you get the most out of your summer, we've put together a little guide of 10 great things to do in Lincolnshire!
Keeping it local, Belton House has a whole range of activities on this summer; from painting the garden to a family fun day that's guaranteed to give you a taste of World War One – there is certain to be something for everyone. Belton House is also offering an interactive house tour throughout the summer that will uncover secrets and stories of Belton House. Towards the end of summer, Belton House is also hosting its Summer Nights Outdoor Film Festival where they'll be showing The Greatest Showman! Check out the guide to what's here: https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/belton-house/whats-on.
If you love a bit of adrenaline and a challenge, then this is perfect for you. Down at Tattershall Lakes you can take on the AquaPark where you'll take on slides and swings, trampolines and climbing frames alongside much more! It's a day out for the whole family. For information visit the website: http://www.justwake.co.uk/aquapark/.
This summer Lincoln Castle are hosting the Kingdom of Lego exhibition. Guests can look forward to an interactive show of sorcery featuring Princesses, Knights and Wizards; alongside a 4ft tall Lego Dragon with glowing eyes, dragon breath and realistic sound effects. Whilst on your visit why not have a look around at the Magna Carta, Medieval Wall and Victorian Prison. All their events are listed on the website: https://www.lincolncastle.com/content/discover-whats.
Jump Revolution in Grantham is a great way to spend some time in summer, offering fun for everyone! Whether you want to bounce freely, play some dodgeball or challenge your friends to a gladiator fight – this place has it all. Open Jump is available throughout the summer holidays. Find out more information and book here: https://jump-revolution.com/.
With two venues one in Belton and one in Ancaster there is something for everyone here! From Paintballing to Quad Biking, Laser Tag to Mini Golf – the adventurer in you will be satisfied with a trip to Ancaster Leisure. For more information, take a look at the website: http://www.ancasterkarting.co.uk/.
Lincolnshire recently got its own Go Ape course to explore so if you love adrenaline activities or challenging yourself then this is the perfect activity for you! Go Ape at Normanby Hall offers two tree top courses including a Junior Course or an adventure course. So if you want to test yourself on Tarzan Swings and Zip Wires; have a look at what they have to offer here: https://goape.co.uk/days-out/north/normanby-hall.
Burghley House has a number of different activities throughout the summer including the Burghley Film Festival which features 5 days and nights of fabulous films including The Great Gatsby, Beauty and the Beast and The Italian Job. Further into the summer they are offering Summer Craft Workshops, The Fine Food Market and the Land Rover Burghley House Trials. To see more about the events visit the website: https://www.burghley.co.uk/events/.
Lincolnshire Wildlife Park offers a whole range of different animals that you can get up close and personal with. A range of experiences are available to purchase such as the Tiger Experience; however you can just go and look round all the animals that they home including Tigers, Tapirs and Tortoises with feedings scheduled throughout the day for you to see. For more information check out the website: http://www.lincswildlife.com/.
It wouldn't be summer without a trip to the beach. With a whole host of them just an hour or so away on the East Coast, you're spoilt for choice. Have a day in the Amusement Arcades or stroll along the beach with some fresh seaside Fish and Chips, you're guaranteed to have a great day out. To see the different beaches near us visit this website: https://www.dayoutwiththekids.co.uk/things-to-do/east-midlands/lincolnshire/water/beaches.
Whatever you do this summer, make sure to make the most of the lovely weather and relax, spending time with your friends and family.


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Home »	Musicians » Bob Hamilton
Bob Hamilton
Born and raised in the Newark, NJ area, Bob started playing piano and organ at the age of 8. Early on, family and friends noticed that he was gifted and encouraged him to pursue his music. Throughout middle school and high school, Bob played in numerous bands covering a variety of musical styles, but his interest was truly in jazz. His early influences included Count Basie Band and Oscar Peterson.
Pursuing music as his career, Bob then went on to major in music at Butler University in Indianapolis, IN. Bob's music teacher, Richard Osborne, introduced him to the Indianapolis music scene. He was a steady at the The Embers and performed with comedians and singers, such as Frankie Lane, Eloise Laws, and Slappy White. On the jazz front, he performed with Pookie Johnson, Russell Webster and Royce Campbell. He was even fortunate at a young age to sit in with Wes Montgomery, during this time.
After several years, Bob moved back to New Jersey. Focusing on jazz, he performed in clubs around the NYC area, including the Village Corner, Surf Maid and Green Street. Vic Juris, Andy Fusco, Calvin Hill, Eddie Gladden and Bob Moses were among the musicians with whom he frequently performed. It was during this time and shortly after, Bob started doing record dates and recorded with some of the biggest R&B and disco artists of the 70's, including Gladys Knight, Donna Summer, Vanessa Williams, Fifth Dimension, The Tramps, and Samantha Sang. Over the last two decades, Bob has continued to stay true to his love of jazz. Living for a time in NYC and then San Diego, he's performed with many legendary and accomplished jazz musicians that have helped shape his playing style of today, including Joe Henderson, Harry "Sweets" Edison, Tal Farlow, Walt Weiskopf, Charlie Rouse, James Moody, Mundell Lowe, Frank Morgan, Tootie Heath, Lou Donaldson, Terry Gibbs, Buddy DeFanco, Lynn Seaton, Attila Zoller, Holly Hoffman, Bob Magnusson, Don Menza, Bob Devos, Jeff Brillinger and Ron McClure.
Bob currently lives in Westchester County, NY. For more information on Bob Hamilton, contact us at Good Stuff Productions - goodstuffdlo@yahoo.com	Show less
WixWax by Michael P. Gladstone
WixWax by Hrayr Attarian
Albums by Bob Hamilton
WixWax
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When you shop with SupercrossKING.com you are shopping with a company that has been a round for years. We have a STRONG history within the motocross and supercross industries. We know our products and we know what our customers are looking for when it comes to motocross and supercross products.


Google Keywords allows you to see monthly search volumes by keyword and is also great for suggesting other ideas that you may not have already brainstormed. The question you need to ask yourself is whether or not you can optimize your website (both on-page and off) better than your competition and attract more votes! If you were to build a house and the foundation was in terrible condition, you'd have a lot of issues, regardless of how nice you decorated the interior. The same is true for SEO. You need to have a great foundation on your website. A fast loading website is a very important ranking factor, it always has been.
We're not talking here about links you put on your own website, although those "internal links" are indeed important and often underutilized. Let's focus on how to build backlinks other people use to point attention toward your website via blogs, articles, social media sites, and so on. If you have just created Do your homework! The primary resources are all available here. Its as simple as your ABC's your website, the chances of getting fast and natural links are almost zero. It's one or the other. Local businesses can't be fully evaluated on the basis of links. Be mindful of web-safe colors.
When they are indexing websites, the search engines' bots scan every one of a site's URLs and look for the starting points of the topics that are covered. They also browse the HTML code for metadata such as particular tags or markups, so that they can determine the relevance of individual pages to particular subjects. This boils down to Have you seen this wonderful rockinghorse ? thing; the way in which people are using search engines to find the information they desire is evolving. Cultures view ideas and objects differently. Consumers, or end users, represent one primary target market for a firm's offerings.
Stealth marketing uses surreptitious practices to introduce a product to individuals or fails to disclose or reveal the true relationship with the brand. As visual content becomes more and more prominent, it cannot be left out of SEO. Luckily it's not time-consuming to optimise your images. Click submit and see if that content appears elsewhere on your website or on the Web. According to Gaz Hall, a Technical SEO from SEO York: "Mobile does not necessarily mean on the go. Studies find that people often grab the nearest device to look something up and in most cases that's their smartphone."
Rather than having general anchor texts reduced to a few simple keywords, catch-phrases or sentences that describe the content of the links in more detail should be used. Use Take a butchers at Beverley Websites, for instance. long tail keywords that are very specific to your business to target a particular audience. These phrases epitomize the true essence of your business without coinciding with other related companies. They also provide you with a chance to score high on a search query most pertinent to your products or services. HTTPS stands for 'Secure'. It means all communications between your browser and the website are encrypted. Switching to HTTPS will help you stay in Google's good books. Why is that? Well HTTPS is a far more secure system for your website to operate. It goes without saying that search engines will have a preference for trusted websites. So, in terms of your overall SEO strategy HTTPS over HTTP is a big yes seeing as though 1 in 4 visitors would abandon a website if it takes more than 4 seconds to load. Machines are writing stories and that is often something Google is not a fan of.


text:
For Co-Production and Investment opportunities Contact Us
New Colony Film is currently engaged in the development of several Feature Film and TV projects. Details can be found below.
Format: Mini Series
Current Stage: Script Development
A true story set in 19th Century Germany. With great scientific discoveries come great responsibilities. For one of the greatest scientists of his age his struggles for acceptance pushes him to cross boundaries that has cataclysmic repercussions through the ages.
Arctic Convoy
Format: Feature Film
A true story told from multiple perspectives during one of the worst convoys of World War 2. Whilst sailing through the Arctic a convoy is hunted day and night from air and below the waves. The Sailors try everything to outpace their pursuers.
New Colony Film Ltd | Registration Number: 13068510 | 7 Bell Yard, Holborn, London. WC2A 2JR UK
We use cookies to personalise content to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. Accept


text:
Q: Getting undefined on an exported variable in my protractor tests While running my protractor tests , I came up with this scenario, where I had to export a variable from one of my POM file to another. For example, let us suppose file.js is the file where the variable is defined as
file1.js
var xy = some_random_8chars;
 ...
 ...
module.exports={

//other module exports

exportvar1 : xy
}

Now, I need to import this in my file2.js to access the value of xy. So I'm doing this in my file2.js
var ximport = require('file1.js');

var use_new_value = ximport.exportvar1;

console.log(use_new_value) ;

As per my understanding, this should be printing some_random_8chars. However my console shows undefined, which I am failing to understand. Where I am going wrong?

A: Try using this sytax:
export {exportvar1} //in file1

import { exportvar1 } from 'file1'; //in file 2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Man Who Listens to Animals
By Carolyn Kormann
Bernie Krause likens the single-species paradigm in biodiversity recordings to "trying to understand the magnificence of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony by abstracting the sound of a single violin."
PHOTOGRAPH COURTESY TIM CHAPMAN
Since 1968, Bernie Krause, a seventy-six-year-old musician, writer, and self-described "soundscape ecologist," has visited every continent, often carrying cumbersome and heavy equipment. His mission: to record Earth's remaining tracts of wilderness and their inhabitants. His enormous archive—much of it captured on seven-inch reels of quarter-inch-wide audiotape—contains the sounds made by more than fifteen thousand species, and more than five thousand hours of "holistic habitat," or the entire synchronous soundscape, from insects and birds to bellowing orangutans. And yet, as Krause recounts in his slender new book, "Voices of the Wild: Animal Songs, Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes," more than half of his audio data "comes from sites [now] so badly compromised by various forms of human intervention that the habitats are either altogether silent or the soundscapes can no longer be heard in any of their original forms." His collection is an auditory Library of Alexandria for everything nonhuman.
Listen here to one of Krause's soundscape recordings, featuring an orangutan, among many other species:
Krause, who once played guitar for the Weavers, Pete Seeger's popular folk band, had a long career as a studio musician, pioneering the use of the Moog synthesizer in film and pop music. (If you know where to listen, you can hear his work in "Apocalypse Now" and "Love Story.") His growing obsession with natural soundscapes carried him out of the commercial entertainment world—and led eventually to commissions from museums, zoos, aquariums, arts groups, orchestras, even a ballet company and a TED talk (yellow-colored glasses, purple shirt, hiking sneakers). His work has been hailed by E. O. Wilson and Jane Goodall. When he's not in Borneo or Rwanda, he lives with his wife, Katherine, in the California wine country, where they run an organization called Wild Sanctuary.
Krause's 2012 book, "The Great Animal Orchestra," includes descriptions of some of the animal music he has discovered: a honking sea anemone, a beaver's eerie keening after a human killed his mate. His new book surveys the broad field of bioacoustics, "the study of the sounds living animals produce." Until recently, most scientists who went into the field to record animals tried to isolate individual species' sounds. Ornithologists are largely responsible for this model—they made some of the earliest field recordings, pushing to develop technology that could capture an individual bird's call removed from its larger environmental context. Cornell University's Macaulay Library describes itself as "the world's largest and oldest scientific archive of biodiversity audio and video recordings," yet there are only bird species on its "Audio Most Wanted" list (masked duck, red-faced cormorant). Krause, however, is interested in a given habitat's entire soundscape—its "biophony"—and finds the single-species paradigm absurd. He writes that it's "like trying to understand the magnificence of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony by abstracting the sound of a single violin player out of the context of the orchestra and hearing only that one part."
He and others have developed a hypothesis: that each living organism in a biome evolves in situ to find its own acoustic niche, based either on frequency or time, so that "their utterances are not buried by other signals." Thus, each animal sound, plus the sounds of the wind in the trees, or waves on a beach, fit together like pieces of a puzzle to create the kaleidoscopic composition we hear. According to this theory, animals change their sounds when their habitat changes. Krause cites a study that found killer whales, for instance, will alter their vocalizations to accommodate the presence of boat noise.
Krause wants more scientists to monitor the health of ecosystems by regularly recording the collective sounds of a particular habitat, generating "solid baseline data to use in comparing site changes over time." He himself repeatedly recorded a forest site in California's Sierra Nevada for more than twenty-five years. In 1988, the site was subjected to "selective logging," which, according to the timber company doing the logging, would have no environmental impact. Yet Krause's tapes of the post-logging years sound like a weak middle-school jazz band playing where there had once been the New York Philharmonic. The forest looked relatively healthy and unchanged. Tracking natural soundscapes over time, Krause argues, can uncover levels of habitat degradation that aren't visually apparent. Baseline biophonies can also be used "to articulate the effects of climate change."
"Voices of the Wild" reads like an extended introduction to work and research that has yet to be done. Krause calls for better methods of statistically measuring how human din ("anthropophony") affects natural soundscapes. For the most part, his and his colleagues' work hasn't proven sufficient to push back against mining, timber, and fossil-fuel companies that want to develop wild lands, or groups that want to increase motorized access in national parks. In one case, though, Krause and others were able to demonstrate that snowmobile noise in Yellowstone National Park had a negative impact on wildlife and humans alike, which led the federal government to restrict access.
Humans evolved while relying on the soundscapes of forests and plains to hunt, navigate, and find refuge. Krause wants more people to seek out natural sounds and learn (or remember) how to listen. Recent studies of the effects of human din (such as automobile and aircraft traffic) have found that it can cause depression, high stress levels, insomnia, and headaches. It has even been linked to lowered I.Q. scores among children. On the other hand, some studies suggest that "the emotional consequences of natural soundscapes on urban-living humans may have a huge positive effect on our sense of well-being." Krause cites a common Japanese preventative health-care practice, scientifically shown to have robust mental and physical benefits, known as Shinrin-yoku_,_ or "forest bathing."
Krause reminds me of someone who is mentioned in the novel "Dept. of Speculation," by Jenny Offill. The narrator of that book describes a "man who travels around the world trying to find places where you can stand still and hear no human sound." She goes on, "It is impossible to feel calm in cities, he believes, because we so rarely hear birdsong there. Our ears evolved to be our warning systems. We are on high alert in places where no birds sing."
One morning, on a walk in the Colorado Rockies, I learned that I have lost that particular ancient warning system. It was just after sunrise, and I was walking with a friend's dog, Mojo, along a canyon trail. A mule deer suddenly leapt across our path. I was startled, but delighted. I should have noticed that the birds had stopped singing. A few seconds passed. Then came the roar.
I had never heard a sound like it. Mojo froze, then bolted down the hill. I sprinted after him. A year and a half later, my friends in Colorado e-mailed me a video. They had set up a camera trap to see if they could get footage of the big predator terrorizing the canyon. (One man had found his pet Chihuahuas' heads. Just the heads.) I saw a grainy, shadowy image of the familiar, aspen-lined trail. Then, slinking across the frame, a pale mountain lion appeared, svelte and magnificent.
I wish I had a recording of that roar; I wonder if I will ever hear another sound like it. I was happy when, not long ago, I heard that a fresh elk carcass had been found back in the canyon. The mountain lion was still there, padding across the red-clay outcrops, roaring at whatever might interrupt her breakfast.
Carolyn Kormann is a staff writer at The New Yorker.
Finding Stillness in Minnesota's Boundary Waters in the Age of Trump
By Alex Kotlowitz
Annals of Technology
Bridging the Conservation Divide
A question at the core of conservation science—Do we protect nature for nature's sake, or for our own?—has recently spawned a nasty debate.
By Michelle Nijhuis
Climate Change vs. Conservation
Has global warming made it harder for environmentalists to care about conservation?
By Jonathan Franzen
How Birds and Babies Learn to Talk
By Gary Marcus


A 212th Birthday comes only once.
The Corporation shall organize and maintain a chorus to perform and record vocal and choral settings of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poetry, written from 1840 to the present, shall inspire and commission new vocal and choral settings of Longfellow's poetry, and shall perform choral music of the Romantic and immediate post-Romantic eras, ca. 1825-1920.
"THE LONGFELLOW SETTINGS WERE EXPERTLY AND SENSITIVELY HONED, WITH HEART-WARMING DEDICATION AND MASTERFUL MUSICAL INSIGHT."
"I BELIEVE LONGFELLOW WOULD HAVE BEEN MOVED TO TEARS OF WONDER AND AMAZEMENT AT THE HARVEST OF BEAUTY."
"AN INCREDIBLE, OUTSTANDING AND MOVING PROGRAM."
"LONGFELLOW WAS FLOATING AROUND THE CEILING TO HEAR HIS WORDS, GIVEN ELGAR'S KING OLAF 'READING.' "
"THE SYNERGY OF THE CHORUS WITH THE ORCHESTRA AND THE AMAZING SOLOISTS AND DANCERS WAS TRULY WONDERFUL."
"YOU HAVE AN AMAZING GROUP OF TALENTED AND DEDICATED MUSICIANS."
"THAT WAS A HUGE CONCERT. MY BEING IS THE MORE FULLY ALIVE FOR ITS RESONANCE."
"SPECTACULAR, EDUCATING, INFORMATIVE, MOVING, POWERFUL!"
"IT MADE MY EYES WATER AND MY SPINE TINGLE."
"A BEAUTIFUL TRIBUTE TO A COMPOSER WHO DESERVES UNIVERSAL AND RENEWED ATTENTION AND RESPECT. GORGEOUS PERFORMANCES!"
"CAPTIVATING . . . MELODIOUS!"
"THE MUSIC WAS SUPERB THE LONGFELLOW ORCHESTRA SIMPLY OUTSTANDING."
"THE CONCERT 'MUSIC FROM THE GILDED AGE' WAS FABULOUS! "
"ORCHESTRA, SOLOISTS AND CHORUS UNITED TO PROVIDE WHAT CAN ONLY BE TERMED A DEFINITIVE PERFORMANCE OF A LITTLE-KNOWN MASTERPIECE."
"AUTHENTIC AMERICANA AT ITS BEST."
"A GORGEOUS SCORE, ENTHUSIASTICALLY REALISED BY THE LONGFELLOW CHORUS."
"WONDERFUL PERFORMANCE OF A MAJOR SCORE WRONGFULLY SIDE-BARRED BY HISTORY."
"THIS FINE FILM IS TOUCHING, INFORMATIVE, AND INSPIRING."
"A WELL-CRAFTED MUSICAL DOCUMENTARY CELEBRATING DIVERSITY, HISTORY AND MUSIC DRIVEN BY INSPIRATIONAL FILM-MAKING."
"THE LONGFELLOW CHORUS HAS DONE MIRACLES."
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor: Scenes from The Song of Hiawatha.


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MOZART Complete Piano Sonatas. Lowy (Musical Heritage Society) – INKPOT
by Benjamin Chee · November 15, 2000
Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART (1756-1791)
The Complete Piano Sonatas (6 CDs)
Piano Sonatas K. 279, 280, 281, 282
Piano Sonatas K. 283, 284, 309
Fantasie K.475, Piano Sonatas K. 457, 533/494
HEIDI LOWY pianoforte
MUSICAL HERITAGE SOCIETY 566052F
[75:45, 68:43, 64:42, 69:49, 59:11, 51:55]
Also available separately on the Musicians Showcase label
Each volume corresponds to the individual discs in the complete set, as listed above.
Vol.1 MS 1026 · Vol.2 MS 1036 · Vol.3 MS 1039
by Benjamin Chee
The problem with Mozart's piano sonatas, one presupposes, is the tendency of pianists to approach them with a fragility one might reserve for handling Wedgewood china. Like Haydn, Mozart generally wrote his keyboard music with the implicit option for it to be playable on either the harpsichord or the piano (which, we have to remember, was only invented thirty years before Mozart's birth).
In any case, the piano sonata was a relatively late addition to the genre in Mozart's output, although most readers will have heard of his legendary powers of composition: violin sonatas by the age of six, a symphony by the age of nine, opera and piano concerto at eleven, and a string quartet at fourteen.
But for the piano sonata, the earliest surviving work in the genre is a Sonata in C, K.279 which dates from his nineteenth year, written in Munich while he was supervising the production of La finta giardiniera – and this only after being prompted with a commission. There are four extant works which predate this one, although they are lost to us today.
For the most part, there is considerable flair and technique in these new performances by Heidi Lowy. Indeed, one should expect no less for any pianist tackling one of the cornerstones of the classical piano repertoire. Ms Lowy's direct approach finds a great deal of musicality, with finely etched details and intelligent playing. Her technique is faultless, and all the ornaments and "twiddly bits" are sheer delight.
The opening Andante of K.282, for example, contains a poetic hint of Chopin, while the Presto of K.283 sparkles with sheer champagne-like efferversence. The spirito of the Allegro in K.311 is certainly not missing, either, and the right-hand fingerwork and pedal in K.570 is particularly impressive.
However, as well-prepared as the performance is, there is a slight tendency towards an idiosyncratic approach: while such an approach will not necessarily fail (with regards to Mozart), neither does it score too many points. The rubatos – albeit sparingly applied – are rather self-conscious (which seems to be the watchword here), even threatening rhythmic distortion at times.
The skip-and-hop melodic line in the Rondeau of K.281, for example, is rather guarded; the famous Andante of K.283 is similarly restrained whereas an additional nuance or two of pensiveness would have made it just right. The slow movement of K.330 seems to possess a touch of wilfulness that needs some getting accustomed to. The Sonata in C K.545, the so-called "Sonata for Beginners" and every piano student's bane (or boon), should sparkle like champagne – yet there are hints and nuances of self-consciousness that mute the effervescence.
But that is not to say that all is lost. Of the sonatas in this set of albums, my personal favourite is the Sonata in C, K.309, which is played with much élan and character; even so, there is still much to enjoy in the other works. The Sonata in A, K.331 also deserves a meritorious mention here. Not many pianists adopt the quite-literal "walking pace" Andante at which Lowy takes the first movement, but it works surprisingly well here: contemplative, without getting too indulgent, and I found myself warming to it on repeated listening.
This recording, made in the American Academy of Arts and Letters in New York, is crisp and clean. The piano is made to sound very close to the listener, which definitely adds to the intimacy of the reading and rather makes one listen very intensely. I for one have never advocated that one can perfectly reproduce the sound of a Steinway Grand in one's living room, even with audiophile-grade equipment, but when I cranked up the volume on my trusty bookshelf Inifinities, there it was – a concert grand in the veritable flesh. Amazing.
Above all, here are engaging performances that convey a sense of emerging pianism. Heidi Lowy has a good feel for Mozart and delivers a well-considered account of the works, if at times bordering on the deliberate. Not that Ms Lowy delivers a pedantic reading – far from it – but perhaps in trying too hard, for the listener is made acutely aware of the mental preparation which has gone into it, and sometimes the result misses something and fails to seduce the listener.
But what we do have is someone taking her best shot at Mozart, and while not hitting the bullseye always, at least comes close most of the time. And when she does hit the spot, it is nigh sublime. One senses that Ms Lowy would be, in person, quite a fascinating recitalist to listen to.
In the meantime, these are definitely performances which do not sink their hooks into your aural centres from the get-go, but rather (and somewhat insidiously) grow on you. This is Mozartian pianism at its most intrepid, and this alone would be reason enough to get this set. If one's budget does not run to the full set, the Third Volume (with K.311, 310 and 330; Musicians Showcase MS1039) has nice enough things on it as sampler.
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847: 15.11.2000 Benjamin Chee
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