text:
Am

|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amalebra
| class="adr" | Cornwall
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amalveor
| class="adr" | Cornwall
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amatnatua
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Am Balg
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ambaston
| class="adr" | Derbyshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amber Valley
| class="adr" | Derbyshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amberley
| class="adr" | West Sussex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amberley
| class="adr" | Herefordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amberley
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amble
| class="adr" | Northumberland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amblecote
| class="adr" | Dudley
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ambler Thorn
| class="adr" | Bradford
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ambleside
| class="adr" | Cumbria
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ambleston
| class="adr" | Pembrokeshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ambrosden
| class="adr" | Oxfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amcotts
| class="adr" | North Lincolnshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amen Corner
| class="adr" | Berkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amersham
| class="adr" | Buckinghamshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amersham Common
| class="adr" | Buckinghamshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amersham Old Town
| class="adr" | Buckinghamshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amersham on the Hill
| class="adr" | Buckinghamshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amerton
| class="adr" | Staffordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amesbury
| class="adr" | Somerset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amesbury
| class="adr" | Wiltshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ameysford
| class="adr" | Dorset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Am Fraoch Eilean
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amhainn Glaenn na Muic
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amhuinn Learg an Uinnsinn
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amhuinnsuidhe
| class="adr" | Western Isles
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amington
| class="adr" | Staffordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amisfield
| class="adr" | Dumfries and Galloway
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amlwch
| class="adr" | Isle of Anglesey
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amlwch Port
| class="adr" | Isle of Anglesey
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ammanford (Rhydaman)
| class="adr" | Carmarthenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ammerham
| class="adr" | Somerset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amotherby
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ampfield
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ampleforth
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ampney Crucis
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ampney St Mary
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ampney St Peter
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amport
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ampthill
| class="adr" | Central Bedfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ampton
| class="adr" | Suffolk
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amroth
| class="adr" | Pembrokeshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amulree
| class="adr" | Perth and Kinross
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Amwell
| class="adr" | Hertfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|}

An

|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | An Clachan
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | An Cnoc
| class="adr" | Western Isles
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | An Gleann Ur
| class="adr" | Western Isles
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | An t-Srath Chuileannaich
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | An t-Eilean Meadhoin
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | An Teallach
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anagach
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anaheilt
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anancaun
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ancaster
| class="adr" | Lincolnshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anchor
| class="adr" | Shropshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anchorage Park
| class="adr" | City of Portsmouth
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anchor Corner
| class="adr" | Norfolk
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anchorsholme
| class="adr" | Lancashire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anchor Street
| class="adr" | Norfolk
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ancoats
| class="adr" | Manchester
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ancroft
| class="adr" | Northumberland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ancroft Northmoor
| class="adr" | Northumberland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ancrum
| class="adr" | Scottish Borders
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ancton
| class="adr" | West Sussex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ancumtoun
| class="adr" | Orkney Islands
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anderby
| class="adr" | Lincolnshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anderby Creek
| class="adr" | Lincolnshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Andersea
| class="adr" | Somerset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Andersfield
| class="adr" | Somerset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anderson
| class="adr" | Dorset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anderton
| class="adr" | Cornwall
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anderton
| class="adr" | Lancashire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anderton
| class="adr" | Cheshire West and Chester
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Andertons Mill
| class="adr" | Lancashire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Andover
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Andover Down
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Andoversford
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Andreas
| class="adr" | Isle of Man
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Andwell
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anelog
| class="adr" | Gwynedd
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anerley
| class="adr" | Croydon
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anfield
| class="adr" | Liverpool
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angarrack
| class="adr" | Cornwall
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angarrick
| class="adr" | Cornwall
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angelbank
| class="adr" | Shropshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angersleigh
| class="adr" | Somerset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angerton
| class="adr" | Cumbria
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angle
| class="adr" | Pembrokeshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anglesey
| class="adr" | Isle of Anglesey
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angmering
| class="adr" | West Sussex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angram (Harrogate)
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Angram (Richmondshire)
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anick
| class="adr" | Northumberland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ankerdine Hill
| class="adr" | Worcestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anlaby
| class="adr" | East Riding of Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anlaby Common
| class="adr" | East Riding of Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anlaby Park
| class="adr" | City of Kingston upon Hull
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anmer
| class="adr" | Norfolk
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anmore
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annan
| class="adr" | Dumfries and Galloway
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annaside
| class="adr" | Cumbria
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annat
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annat
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anna Valley
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annbank
| class="adr" | South Ayrshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annesley
| class="adr" | Nottinghamshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annesley Woodhouse
| class="adr" | Nottinghamshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annet
| class="adr" | Isles of Scilly
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annfield Plain
| class="adr" | Durham
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anniesland
| class="adr" | City of Glasgow
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annishader
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annis Hill
| class="adr" | Suffolk
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annitsford
| class="adr" | North Tyneside
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annochie
| class="adr" | Aberdeenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annscroft
| class="adr" | Shropshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ann's Hill
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Annwell Place
| class="adr" | Derbyshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | An Rubha
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansdell
| class="adr" | Lancashire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansells End
| class="adr" | Hertfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansford
| class="adr" | Somerset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansley
| class="adr" | Warwickshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansley Common
| class="adr" | Warwickshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anslow
| class="adr" | Staffordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anslow Gate
| class="adr" | Staffordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansteadbrook
| class="adr" | Surrey
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anstey
| class="adr" | Hertfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anstey
| class="adr" | Leicestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anstruther Easter
| class="adr" | Fife
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anstruther Wester
| class="adr" | Fife
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansty
| class="adr" | Wiltshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansty
| class="adr" | West Sussex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansty
| class="adr" | Warwickshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansty Coombe
| class="adr" | Wiltshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ansty Cross
| class="adr" | Dorset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anthill Common
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anthony's Cross
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anthorn
| class="adr" | Cumbria
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Antingham
| class="adr" | Norfolk
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anton's Gowt
| class="adr" | Lincolnshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Antonshill
| class="adr" | Falkirk
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Antony
| class="adr" | Cornwall
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Antony Passage
| class="adr" | Cornwall
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Antrobus
| class="adr" | Cheshire West and Chester
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anvil Green
| class="adr" | Kent
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anvilles
| class="adr" | Berkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anwick
| class="adr" | Lincolnshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Anwoth
| class="adr" | Dumfries and Galloway
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|}

Ao

|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Aonachan
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|}

Ap

|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apedale
| class="adr" | Staffordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Aperfield
| class="adr" | Bromley
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apes Dale
| class="adr" | Worcestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apethorpe
| class="adr" | Northamptonshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apeton
| class="adr" | Staffordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apley
| class="adr" | Lincolnshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apley Forge
| class="adr" | Shropshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apperknowle
| class="adr" | Derbyshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apperley
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apperley Bridge
| class="adr" | Bradford
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apperley Dene
| class="adr" | Northumberland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appersett
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appin
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleby
| class="adr" | North Lincolnshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleby-in-Westmorland
| class="adr" | Cumbria
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleby Magna
| class="adr" | Leicestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleby Parva
| class="adr" | Leicestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Applecross
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appledore (North Devon)
| class="adr" | Devon
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appledore (Mid Devon)
| class="adr" | Devon
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appledore
| class="adr" | Kent
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appledore Heath
| class="adr" | Kent
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleford
| class="adr" | Oxfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Applegarthtown
| class="adr" | Dumfries and Galloway
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Applehouse Hill
| class="adr" | Berkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Applemore
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleshaw
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Applethwaite
| class="adr" | Cumbria
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleton
| class="adr" | Oxfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleton
| class="adr" | Warrington
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleton-le-Moors
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleton-le-Street
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleton Park
| class="adr" | Cheshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleton Roebuck
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleton Thorn
| class="adr" | Warrington
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appleton Wiske
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appletreehall
| class="adr" | Scottish Borders
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appletreewick
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appley
| class="adr" | Somerset
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appley
| class="adr" | Isle of Wight
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Appley Bridge
| class="adr" | Lancashire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apse Heath
| class="adr" | Isle of Wight
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apsey Green
| class="adr" | Suffolk
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apsley
| class="adr" | Hertfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apsley End
| class="adr" | Central Bedfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Apuldram
| class="adr" | West Sussex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|}

Aq

|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Aqueduct
| class="adr" | Shropshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Aquhythie
| class="adr" | Aberdeenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|}

Ar

|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arabella
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arberth (Narberth)
| class="adr" | Pembrokeshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arbirlot
| class="adr" | Angus
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arborfield
| class="adr" | Berkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arborfield Cross
| class="adr" | Berkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arborfield Garrison
| class="adr" | Berkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arbourthorne
| class="adr" | Sheffield
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arbroath
| class="adr" | Angus
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arbury
| class="adr" | Cambridgeshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arbuthnott
| class="adr" | Aberdeenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Archdeacon Newton
| class="adr" | Darlington
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Archenfield
| class="adr" | Herefordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Archiestown
| class="adr" | Moray
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arclid
| class="adr" | Cheshire East
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arclid Green
| class="adr" | Cheshire East
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardachu
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardalanish
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardallie
| class="adr" | Aberdeenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardanaiseig
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardaneaskan
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardarroch
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardbeg
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardchonnell
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardchronie
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardchullarie More
| class="adr" | Stirling
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardchyle
| class="adr" | Stirling
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arddleen
| class="adr" | Powys
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardeley
| class="adr" | Hertfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardelve
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arden
| class="adr" | City of Glasgow
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arden
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardendrain
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arden Park
| class="adr" | Stockport
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardens Grafton
| class="adr" | Warwickshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardentallen
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardentinny
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardeonaig
| class="adr" | Stirling
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardersier
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardery
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardfern
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardfernal
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardgartan
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardgay
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardgayhill
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardgour
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardcharnich
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardheisker
| class="adr" | Western Isles
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardheslaig
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardifuir
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardilistry
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardinamir
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardindrean
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardingly
| class="adr" | West Sussex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardington
| class="adr" | Oxfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardington Wick
| class="adr" | Oxfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardintoul
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardivachar Point
| class="adr" | Western Isles
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardlamont Point
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardlawhill
| class="adr" | Aberdeenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardleigh
| class="adr" | Essex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardleigh Green
| class="adr" | Havering
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardleigh Heath
| class="adr" | Essex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardler
| class="adr" | Perth and Kinross
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardley
| class="adr" | Oxfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardley End
| class="adr" | Essex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardlui
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmair
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmay
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmenish
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmhor
| class="adr" | Western Isles
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardminish
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmolich
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmore (Easter Ross)
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmore (Barra)
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmore Point (Mull)
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardmore Point (Islay)
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardnadam
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardnaff
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardnagoine
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardnagrask
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardnamurchan
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardnastang
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardnoe Point
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardo
| class="adr" | Aberdeenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardoch
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardonald
| class="adr" | Aberdeenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardoyne
| class="adr" | Aberdeenshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardpatrick Point
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardpeaton
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardrishaig
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardroag
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardroil
| class="adr" | Western Isles
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardross
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardrossan
| class="adr" | North Ayrshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardshealach
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardskenish
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardsley
| class="adr" | Barnsley
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardtalnaig
| class="adr" | Perth and Kinross
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardtoe
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardtun
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arduaine
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardullie
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardvannie
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardvasar
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardveenish
| class="adr" | Western Isles
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardverikie
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardwell
| class="adr" | Dumfries and Galloway
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ardwick
| class="adr" | Manchester
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arean
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Areley Kings
| class="adr" | Worcestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arford
| class="adr" | Hampshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Argoed
| class="adr" | Caerphilly
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Argoed
| class="adr" | Powys
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Argoed (Clun)
| class="adr" | Shropshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Argoed (Kinnerley)
| class="adr" | Shropshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Argos Hill
| class="adr" | East Sussex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Aridhglas
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arinacrinachd
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arinagour
| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arisaig
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Ariundle
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arivegaig
| class="adr" | Highland
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arkendale
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arkesden
| class="adr" | Essex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arkholme
| class="adr" | Lancashire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arkleby
| class="adr" | Cumbria
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arkleton
| class="adr" | Dumfries and Galloway
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arkle Town
| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arkley
| class="adr" | Barnet
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arksey
| class="adr" | Doncaster
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arkwright Town
| class="adr" | Derbyshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arle
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlebrook
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlecdon
| class="adr" | Cumbria
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlescote
| class="adr" | Warwickshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlesey
| class="adr" | Central Bedfordshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arleston
| class="adr" | Shropshire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arley
| class="adr" | Cheshire East
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arley Green
| class="adr" | Cheshire East
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlingham
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlington
| class="adr" | Devon
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlington
| class="adr" | East Sussex
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlington
| class="adr" | Gloucestershire
| class="note" |
| class="note" |
|- class="vcard"
| class="fn org" | Arlington Beccott
| class="adr" | Devon
| class="note" |
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| class="adr" | Highland
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| class="adr" | West Lothian
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| class="adr" | Cumbria
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| class="adr" | Essex
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| class="fn org" | Armitage Bridge
| class="adr" | Kirklees
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| class="fn org" | Armley
| class="adr" | Leeds
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| class="fn org" | Armston
| class="adr" | Northamptonshire
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| class="fn org" | Armthorpe
| class="adr" | Doncaster
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| class="adr" | Western Isles
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| class="adr" | North Yorkshire
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| class="adr" | Western Isles
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| class="adr" | East Riding of Yorkshire
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| class="adr" | City of Bristol
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| class="adr" | East Riding of Yorkshire
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| class="adr" | Argyll and Bute
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| class="adr" | Herefordshire
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| class="adr" | Surrey
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
List of Alpha Gamma Rho chapters:

References

chapters
Lists of chapters of United States student societies by society


Beyond its reputation as a quality cosmetics brand in the professional makeup industry, what gives Make-Up Designory (Mud) Cosmetics the edge is that its roots lie in education. Described as the 'Harvard of makeup schools', Mud's educational programme was developed by Hollywood makeup artists in the late 1990s, with Mud products and tools introduced later to better equip the company's students during their courses.
The Mud make-up brand is successful in its own right. The focus on highly-pigmented products made with high-quality ingredients has led to Mud Cosmetics garnering a loyal following among the professional community as well as among amateur make-up enthusiasts.
Brenda Botha is the accomplished make-up artist and entrepreneur responsible for introducing and growing the Mud Cosmetics brand in South Africa. Armed with the prestigious Cidesco qualification for Beauty and Aesthetics and more than 10 years' experience in the beauty industry, she launched Mud in South Africa in 2012 after falling in love with the US-born brand from afar.
Mud South Africa has since embarked on a new franchise business model, with eight franchise stores and counting, including three Mud-Certified Schools. A point of pride for Botha is that Mud remains a privately-owned business, both internationally and in SA, with a tight-knit family of Mud employees.
"In a world largely dominated by giant corporations, and at a time of great economic uncertainty, it's nice to know that there are still smaller, independent companies who put the needs of their customers, partners and employees first. And this is why I will always be a Mud girl," says Botha.
In the spirit of #EntrepreneurMonth, Botha shares with Bizcommunity her Mud journey, and the "grit and glitter" involved in living the life of an entrepreneur.
How were you introduced to the Mud brand and what attracted you to it?
It was serendipity. During 2010 I was working for a local makeup company, but I was in the process of being retrenched. Whilst travelling back from the Pro Beauty expo Cape Town, and waiting for my luggage at the O.R. Tambo airport, a random guy approached me and started talking to me about his brand.
He was basically trying to head hunt me there and then to work for his company (Mud Cosmetics - a local South African 'body shop' brand). I was not interested at the time, but still took his card. When the retrenchment became a reality a few months later, I took the card and tried to visit his website, however, the website was down. This is when I googled 'Mud Cosmetics' - and I did not find his company, I stumbled upon Mud Cosmetics, the colour cosmetics company from LA, USA.
I immediately fell in love with the look and feel, the branding, the professional look and appeal. I just had a feeling that this is what I was going to do. So I contacted them that same night and enquired about the distribution rights for South Africa.
My samples I ordered arrived about two weeks later, and when I received it and experienced the quality of the products, I was even more eager than ever before to work with this company!
Can you speak about the strong focus on education as part of the MUD offering?
So Mud Cosmetics started in 1997 In North Hollywood, California - not as a makeup brand, but as a makeup school. The products were only part of the demand and organic growth of the brand, seeing as Mud at times required products to work better to fit in with their high-quality education. So they had to create their own.
The education element about Mud is what sets us apart from other brands.
This is our niche market. 'An Educated Approach to Makeup'. Every single product we have has a small step by step section, prescribing the best tools that works in synergy with each product. Every Studio has free workshop sessions and 'Tips and Tricks' series for our consumer clients to educate them on the best product, tools and techniques to suit their special needs.
We are not in 'drug stores', as we want to control the quality of the artist who works in our stores, being qualified artists whom we can constantly train and develop to become stronger artists and eventually business owners.
For prospective makeup artists, we are proud to say that Mud is the largest makeup school on the globe, and is producing award-winning makeup artists year after year.
Broadly speaking, what are the key differences between professional make-up brands and mass-produced 'drug store' lines?
Pigment. Higher quality ingredients. Not all products are created equal - it comes down to the milling and pressing too!
And apart from this, we have a team of professional industry makeup artists working with our brand manager and development teams on the product line, and each and every batch (as in every single run and re-run) of products has to be quality approved first before it gets sent out for orders.
How has Mud South Africa grown since its local launch in 2012?
We had to shift our focus a few times due to various factors, but mainly due to the economy and the exchange rate. In 2012 we focused our attention on supplying the beauty colleges with student kits. Then we had some enquires from salons wanting to stock our product range, so from 2013 we introduced retail display units to the professional salon market. We appointed region distributors to service the various provinces within South Africa, and the brand grew in awareness and we managed to gain some of the market share.
One constant issue was always to be able to have more control in terms of quality communication of the brand, customer service, stock availability and increasing our footprint nationally. Hence we started with franchising in 2018.
Can you speak a bit more about the move into franchising and its benefits for the brand?
The reason behind this was mainly to overcome the challenges we faced regarding control for quality (product availability, services, customer service, etc.) and having a national footprint.
We have experienced huge demand from various entrepreneurs knocking on our door wanting to open a Mud shop, and this got us to plan for a Mud Studio model that will be sustainable in the SA retail world.
We travelled to the USA to meet with the owner of Mud International and pitched our idea and plans of growth for the African continent, and he gave us his blessing.
As an entrepreneur, what inspires you, personally and professionally?
When someone succeeds after many challenges and battles. Especially if they do it all on their own. The grit and glitter of it all!
Personally, I am inspired by people with heart. Staying true to who you are, staying humble and understanding that everything we have is grace. People who have a spirit of excellence truly makes me happy!
What were the biggest challenges you faced along your startup journey?
They were most definitely financial. Not starting with enough capital, and not having any cash flow for the first few months humbled us a few times. This is where we learned to stay on our knees, work smarter, adapt faster - but this also helped shape us into stronger entrepreneurs. We are thankful for every lesson learned!
Are there any notable trends you've picked up in today's make-up space?
There have been a few. They come and go so fast. As a smaller company, it is difficult to always stay abreast of all of these trends, we are not always able to design or compile certain products that are trending due to numbers. Only if you are a big conglomerate you would be able to bring out limited-edition items, knowing full well that the trend will also pass until the next new trend comes around.
One trend overall that we have noticed, which keeps increasing year after year is the amount of 'self-taught' makeup artists, vloggers or influencers, mainly found on Instagram.
Companies with massive marketing budgets pay these individuals to promote their brands on social media worldwide, with huge incentives, trips and monthly giveaways.
If you could go back in time and give yourself one piece of business advice, what would it be?
To work on finding a balance sooner. To have time for myself too, for my health. I have a supplier who always laughs at me and jokes: "Mud always wins in your life". I have not yet managed to strike that golden balance between work, health, and personal time with myself and family. It is difficult to switch off.
Yet I know that you produce better work, and give a better version of yourself if you do allow yourself that balance.
Apart from the Mud Studios we will be opening year after year - we have two main focuses areas we're working on: expansion into sub-Saharan countries and opening the Mud campuses in Johannesburg (2-year plan ) and Cape Town (3-year plan).
For more information on Mud visit the website and connect with the brand on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.


The AG-UAV Sprayer is available in 3 Models. The AG-VA Multi-Rotor is Cutting Edge Technology with a coverage rate of 33 1/3 acres/hour or 1,000 in about 30 hours. The AG-UAV sprayers are equipped with Mission Planning Autopilot, Flight Controller and GPS. The AG-UAV are the most advanced UAV Crop Sprayer platform on the market. Compare with other UAV sprayers and you'll agree the AG-UAV line of prayers are the most cost effective, efficient and advanced UAV sprayers on the market. The AG-UAV Series are water resistant.


How would you go about talking 'mission' with Australian churches?
'Mission' is a term in pretty wide usage today, especially in connection with church planting and the adjective 'missional'. This is a good thing, because 'mission' was once used to refer exclusively to overseas cross-cultural work — but because we now understand mission first and foremost as God's business, Missio Dei, talking about local mission broadens 'mission' in a really truthful and useful way.
But the pendulum seems to have swung from one extreme to another. Mission was all about Over There, now it's all about Here. Along with the new emphasis on local mission and loving the city, there's an ambivalence about world mission. There's a new generation of energetic Aussie Christians who are committed to being a life-giving community of witness, but do they care about the rest of the world any more than the next Aussie? Maybe world mission is seen as irrelevant; maybe it has been eclipsed by the local conversation; in any case mission no longer has much 'world' in it.
One example is the 130-page vision of a high-profile Melbourne church. It's a massive document, but there's pretty much no mention of the world Christian movement or intercultural partnerships. Even locally speaking, despite all the references to 'culture' and the diversity of Melbourne, there's little sense that this church's ministries might need to be cross-cultural, or that this church could be called to become a multiethnic community. I'm highlighting these guys not because they're a bad example but because this seems pretty normal — and if they haven't mentioned this stuff in 130 pages, will your church do any different?
There is a real need to give Aussie churches a global horizon, to get them excited and informed about the world Christian movement, and to understand mission in this context — after all, Missio Dei is about as global as things get!
'Mission' is about us reaching them (the West to the Rest).
'Missionaries' are people doing full-time word ministry.
'The mission field' means jungle tribes.
The problem is that world mission really has changed, radically and permanently — as the world itself has changed. Maybe, in the nineteenth century, Westerners were the only people available to pioneer the gospel with tribes in Tanzania, but today, decades after the rise of Christianity as a truly global movement, world mission means 'from everywhere to everywhere'. The best people to continue pioneering with Tanzanians are their cultural near-neighbours: other Tanzanians. There's still an important place for Westerners, even in this pioneering work, but as colleagues. Here in Dodoma, SIL does translation for remote tribes who lack the Bible in their first language. Each translation team includes Tanzanians who speak the language, plus a Westerner with theological and linguistic training. All of them speak Swahili, which forms the common medium for the translation to take place. It doesn't have the old-world glamour of a ten year, solo translation slog, but it's a process that produces better translations because it's better at bridging the cultural distance. Because Christianity is global, we can't keep thinking of ourselves as the only ones with something to offer.
We need the humility not only to see ourselves as participants in a worldwide body, but also to see ourselves as receivers, not just senders. The world is in our backyard, which means cross-cultural opportunities abound in Australian cities. But immigration also brings fellow Christians to us, so how will we unite with them and learn from them? One striking example of being a receiver is NZCMS, which in 2009 appointed a Kenyan as its national director. And the fact that his grandfather first became a Christian through CMS is an example of how our former students are becoming our teachers. We can't keep acting as if mission is something in which we're leading the way.
So there is a second need: the need to genuinely and thoroughly update our mission talk for today's world and today's church. There is no point trying to give Aussie churches a global horizon if we're old paradigm people.
No matter how exciting we can make it sound, we cannot go on talking about world mission in the traditional way. Things are different now. 'World mission' is not a topic on a website, an item in a church's vision, a choice to go overseas, or the passion of a select few. It's a call to be global Christians who self-consciously understand ourselves as participants in a world movement.
I belong to said high-profile Melbourne church. " there's little sense that … this church could be called to become a multiethnic community". Perhaps that's because we have been from the start and it never occurred to anyone to say so. My home group has had meetings where not one of us present was Australian born – over my five years we've had members from NZ, a number of Asian countries, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Holland, UK and USA and sharing our varying backgrounds and experiences enriches us all.


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It seems that Outlander star Caitriona Balfe is quite the busy lady.
Caitriona Balfe has been not only been filming her hit TV series Outlander, she has also been preparing for the London Marathon.
Balfe will be running alongside her sister Anne-Marie, and they will be raising money for World Child Cancer, an organization which helps children fighting cancer in Africa, Asia, and Central America. "Caitriona has worked with World Child Cancer for a number of years and has seen first hand how all money gets put to great use," the fundraising page says.
The Balfe sisters are hoping that Outlander fans will help them reach their 6000 pounds goal for the charity ahead of the London Marathon. And in an astonishingly quick 2 hours, they had already raised over 2200 pounds.
It should be pretty easy for them to hit their goal. According to World Child Cancer, Outlanders have helped raise over £210,000 ($293,317.50) since 2014.
The actress, who plays the time-traveling nurse Claire on the Starz drama, told her fans that this would be her first marathon. She also joked that she will start to crawl if she has to in order to finish the race.
Balfe noted that she was only beginning her training. She posted a gif of Phoebe from "Friends" to show where she's at in her training. In a follow-up tweet, she posted a photo of co-star Sam Heughan to show where she needs to be.
Heughan, who plays Jamie Fraser on Outlander, also known as Claire's husband, is known to be quite athletic, even running a program for fans who want help while trying to get in shape. My Peak Challenge offers support, training and nutrition guides to members while also raising money for charity.
If Balfe is anything like her onscreen husband, this could be the first of many marathons. Heughan told the Los Angeles Times that it's rather addictive.
The two have to balance their marathons with their filming schedule. "Outlander" Season 4, which is set to debut later this year on Starz, is currently shooting.


A release from the American Geriatrics Society notes that heart failure affects more than 6 million people in the U.S.–most of whom are older adults. Roughly half the older adults who have heart failure also live with five or more other chronic health conditions. This group of people may have difficulty performing daily activities, such as walking, bathing, and eating. And older adults who have multiple chronic illnesses plus heart failure generally require more frequent health care, including more visits to healthcare providers and hospitalizations.
The release points out that researchers examined the impact of having multiple chronic conditions and having difficulty with daily activities on the health of older adults with heart failure. Until now, there's been no research on the combined effects of having all three problems for older adults. The team published their findings in April 2018 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
The researchers sent questionnaires to 6,346 older adults who had been diagnosed with heart failure; 2,692 participants returned the questionnaires and were included in the study.
– 25 percent had no other chronic illnesses or trouble performing daily activities.
– 35 percent had other chronic illnesses.
– 9 percent had trouble performing daily activities.
– 31 percent had other chronic illnesses and trouble performing daily activities.
The most common non-heart-disease-related chronic conditions the participants reported were diabetes (45 percent), arthritis (40 percent), and cancer (31 percent).
The daily activities that the participants reported having the most difficulty performing/completing were using transportation (37 percent), preparing meals (28 percent), and bathing (23 percent).
The researchers discovered that the participants who had other chronic conditions plus trouble performing their daily activities had the highest risk for death, hospitalizations, and visits to healthcare providers and emergency rooms. They also learned that participants who had either other chronic conditions or problems performing their daily activities had a similar risk for hospitalization or emergency room visits.
The researchers concluded that, when healthcare providers care for people with heart failure, they should also consider the person's chronic illnesses and problems with daily activities. The researchers also said that having difficulty performing daily activities could lead to serious consequences for heart failure patients.
The study authors are Sheila M. Manemann, MPH; Alanna M. Chamberlain, PhD; Véronique L. Roger, MD, MPH; Cynthia Boyd, MD; Andrea Cheville, MD; Shannon M. Dunlay, MD, MS; Susan A. Weston, MS; Ruoxiang Jiang, BS; and Lila J. Finney Rutten, PhD.


Vadodara is ready to recreate history on January 6, 2019 with the 8th Edition of the MG Vadodara International Marathon. The MG Vadodara International Marathon has a glittering history of having every edition flagged of by the Chief Minister of Gujarat and this year too, the eighth edition will be flagged off by the Hon. CM Shri Vijaybhai Rupani. Recognised as one of the nation's largest marathons, the MG Vadodara Marathon is expecting over 1,00,000 registrations from across the globe to run in this year's mega event.
With support this year from the Sports Authority of India and the Sports Authority of Gujarat, this AAFI and AIMS accredited race is now truly a national sports event with runners from all over India and across the globe are expected to participate.
"We are proud to continue our association for the second year with MG Vadodara Marathon, as part of our commitment towards the communities where our plant is located. With an aim to foster a spirit of fitness and togetherness, we aim to contribute towards the wholistic development of the citizens here," said P Balendran, Executive Director, MG Motor India.
MG Vadodara International Marathon, keeping in line with its tradition of Sports-Seva-Swacchata is taking further its mission of health with fitness by adopting the social cause, The Cause of Organ Donation under the motto Health Beyond Fitness encouraging all participants to support the nationwide movement initiated by the Hon Prime Minister.
Brand Ambassadors of the city marathon are significant by being sources of inspiration to all participants in every edition. MG Vadodara International Marathon is honoured to welcome Sarita Gayakwad, part of the Indian women's 4 × 400 metres relay team that won the gold medal at the 2018 Asian Games as International Brand Ambassador of the MG Vadodara International Marathon this year.
The MG Vadodara International Marathon 2019 comprises of the 42.2 km Full Marathon, 21.1 km Half Marathon, 10 km Run, the 5 km Linde Swachhata Run, Jawan Run, Pledge Run, NRI Homecoming Run the 1 km Inox Divyang Paralympic Run and the 21 km Marathon Relay.
The MG Vadodara International Marathon also aims to set new benchmarks in runner's comfort by introducing more medical booths, upgraded after race recovery zones and more monitoring stations. With a thrust on outstation runners the MG Vadodara International Marathon team is also working on ways for comfortable stay options.
Overseas Media Partner MUKTA Advertising is excited to announce the NRI (Non-Resident Indian) Homecoming Run for all women and men above the age of 14 years. This is a fun run of 5kms and registration fees is $5 USD only. To register click here: https://vadodara.eventjini.com .
• Opportunity to celebrate running in your home nation with members of your community and family.


text:
Israel Rock Art
Rock Art Articles
Exodus and Rock Art
Posted in article
Rock Art connection to Exodus
The nation of Israel is ancient, but its beginning is mysterious. The Hebrew Bible narrates the event of Exodus, but they do not answer the simple question, archeologically speaking; where the Israelites came from? To date, there is no archaeological proof of Israelite pre-history, not in Egypt, nor Israel. The Bible is the only written source documenting this monumental period. According to the Bible, Israel crystallized as a nation through its wanders in the Negev desert for 40 years on its way to the promised land. Is it possible that the nation of Israel also originated in the Negev Desert and not in Egypt?
After a century of research by archaeologists and Egyptologists, no direct hard evidence was found of the Exodus event. The account of Egyptian captivity, including the tale of Exodus, is missing from external sources. Despite this and the inconclusiveness of the Mt. Sinai location, we still need to explain two important historical facts. They are the emergence of the Israel entity and the emergence of the belief in one god. These are real historical facts and the only mystery about them is their beginning.
The new archeological finding of Negev rock art engraved with Israel god biblical name and a new theory about Mount Sinai multiple names may explain it all. This new theory suggests the Negev Desert as the dwelling place of the proto-Israelites before their wandering to Cannan.
The Shasu tribe
Egyptian documents provide us with a clue about the character of Negev Desert dwellers. They mention the Shasu tribes that roamed the Sinai desert, the Negev Desert, and Transjordan. The Egyptians used the word "Sashu", which is a derogatory description for a variety of nomadic or semi-nomadic people who did not own land. They called them Shasu-Yahu Fig2, which means, "The land of looters and their God is Yahu." The Egyptians also mention the existence of temples in the desert, which they refer to as the "House of Yahu". The Shasu tribes included the Midianites, Rechabite, Kenite, Amalekites.
Fig 2. The Egyptian hieroglyph of Shasu-Yahu
We also learn from Egyptian records, that the Shasu tribes' god-dwelling place is attributed to several sites scattered throughout the wilderness of Canaan south that includes areas such as Paran, Edom, Midian, and Kushan. It is reasonable to assume that there was probably a union of several tribes living in this area all originating from the same father, Abraham, which is considered a great father in this region, even presently. According to the Bible, Moses may be also a real figure he lived in Midian and even married a Midianite priest's daughter. He is revered by all desert dwellers.
The Shasu Land
The Egyptians called this local tribe Shasu-Yahu which was a common way to identify uniquely the tribe by its name and its dwelling place. According to Egyptian sources, YAHU was the Shasu God, nomads originated in the Negev Desert. The geographical list of Amenhotep III (eighteenth dynasty, 1379-1417 BC) found in the Nubian temple describes the Shasu as scattered tribes in the wilderness of Faran, Edom, Midian, and Kushan. The Shasu encampment includes, see Fig3, the 'hill country of Seir' in South Canaan and the 'country of Yahu' whose location is unknown. Records from the memorial tomb of Ramses II (1213-1303 BC) describe that he robbed Shasu land and conquered Mount Seir. Ramses III, the nineteenth dynasty (1154-1186 BC), announced that he conquered Seir and destroyed the tribes of Shasu.
Fig3 Shasu Land and neighboring kingdoms.
The pilgrimage custom
The Hebrews "pilgrimage" custom described the Biblical passage "So now, let us go a three days' journey in the wilderness to offer sacrifice to the LORD, our God." (Exodus 3:18). The vast empty desert restricts the pilgrimage to a reasonable walking distance. Therefore each isolated tribe spread out in the desert, had its holy mountain nearby, which they made a pilgrimage to. The holy mountain location was chosen in the tribe living area, a comfortable distance of about three days walk, or about 60 km. In Ancient times, mountains and "high places" provided privileged access to heaven and the divine. They were the dwelling places of gods and the boundary between heaven and earth. When people needed to be close to their god, they made pilgrimages to the holy mountain. These special places, chosen purely for worship, were separated from the daily rhythm of life. These were the extended tribe's gathering places for pilgrimage and a social gathering, a long tradition extending from their ancestors.
Negev Desert Holy Mountains
There are many examples of such mountains in the Negev Desert. Mt. Arqub, Mt. Rahma, Mt. Mehia, Mt. Ardon, Mt. Ramon, Mt. Tzuriaz, Mount Masa, Mt. Karkom, and more are all prominent mountains in the Central Negev Desert with a rich concentration of religious sites such as burials, temples, Masseboth, and rock art.
The Bible's references different places, in the Negev Desert, from which God appeared: Sinai, Edom, Seir, and Paran: "YHWH, when thou went out of Seir, when thou marched out of the field of Edom, the earth trembled……" (Judges 5: 4). The LORD came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Faran…" (Deuteronomy 33: 2). This is the worship and dwelling area of the Shasu tribes. The numerous names for Mount Sinai mentioned in the Bible include the Mountain of God, Mount Horeb, Mount Seir, Mount Elohim, Mount Paran, which are holy mountains in this region, each probably a pilgrimage places for the dispersed tribe.
Fig 4. Holy Mountains, Negev Desert
Rock Art the Names of Israel God
Numerous Negev Rock art found in the Negev Desert depicts the Shasu god name, which later became the God of Israel. The Negev Desert is the only place where early explicit names of God have been found. Fig. 5 (see article Gods Names) shows examples of engraved God's name. The prevalent engraving reads YAH, which is similar to the Shasu god YAHU. Yahu was the God of nomadic shepherds in the wilderness, the southern region of Canaan, as Egyptian documents testify. What distinguished Israel from other emerging Iron Age neighboring cultures was the belief in Yahweh as the national god. This strengthens the hypothesis that the nomads who engraved god's name were an important part of Israel's past.
Fig 5 YH God name engraved in Negev Desert rock art
It is my opinion that Mount Sinai is not one mountain, but several holy mountains scattered across the Midianite territory, each designated by a tribe as its dwelling place of their God Yahu. This may explain the references to the many Mount Sinai names mentioned in the Bible. The Bible states that the God of Israel always appeared from the southern direction, which is the Negev Desert.
The engraved name of God found on Negev Desert rock art indicates that the proto-Israelites lived in this area. They migrated to Canaan later, and their collective memory united their holy mountains into one: the biblical Mount Sinai. They all worshiped the same God Yahu, which later became the God of Israel.
More deciphering, in a new book Rock Art in Israel, available online.
Harris& Dann Hone, The Names of God. The Origins and Emergence of West Semitic Alphabetic Scripts.
Colless B. (2014) The origin of the alphabet
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Robert Pattinson, Zoë Kravitz & Matt Reeves On Balancing The Action Sequences And Emotional Scenes in 'The Batman'
Dorian Parks February 16, 2022 Leave a Comment
The Batman is almost here! Continuing our coverage of the caped crusader, we're talking about the highly anticipated action sequences The Batman delivers.
In this discussion Robert Pattinson, Zoë Kravitz, and Matt Reeves talk about what it was like training and filming the stunts with coordinator Rob Alonzo. The trio also went into detail about balancing the action with the emotional scenes.
(Courtesy of Warner Bros.)
Pattinson: We didn't have that much time. So we went kind of the from the first day of rehearsals, we were doing, I think, like six hours a day. A lot of it concentrated on our first big fight in the mayor's mansion. And it was fun, though. I love the way Robert Lanza teaches choreography. It's not like how — it doesn't feel like you're learning it completely by yourself. Like, the kind of dance you learn in these little patterns. And it's kind of like actually doing combinations when you're doing boxing. And he can kind of rearrange the patterns into different fight sequences. And so it feels like once you get the hang of it, if you can, you can do these fight scenes. And it feels very real when you're doing it and you kind of and it keeps you very reactive.
We were doing a lot of that kind of training. I remember training with Tara. And yeah, we're both training officers. So it'd be training my double and I'd be training with [Zoë's]. And I was always so afraid, saying "I really don't want to hurt you." And she's, she's like, "Trust me, you will not hurt me, but I will hurt you. So pay attention." And then the first day she kicked me in.
Kravitz: But I think it's cool the way Rob Alonzo, he really wants us to understand. I like having the skill to box and react. And then he teaches you to carry the choreography later so that it's fresh. And I think that really keeps it really electric. The way he works is really organic. Yeah, it feels very alive.
Superheroes are inherently such a power fantasy. You guys get cool rides, cool costumes, cool fight scenes, but both of you approached the performances with such vulnerability. What was it like finding the balance between those two elements of the character?
Kravitz: I think for Selina, I think a lot of her power comes from her vulnerability. I think I really wanted to, you know, this idea of what it is to be feminine and what it is to be sexy, what it is to be strong. I didn't want to have to imitate masculine strength, or you know, power. I really wanted to allow her to be soft and feminine and still have that be part of her power. And a lot of it was, I mean, it's in the script. I didn't have to do a lot of work, you know, in order to create a grounded character. Matt, you did such a wonderful job at keeping us grounded, whenever we would kind of go off the rails a little bit and get too excited. You know, I'm playing Catwoman when I'm gonna do a cat thing. You'd be like, "Don't do that. Don't do the Catwoman thing that you're doing." And it was helpful, you know, and it really keeps the tone of the film very, very clear.
Pattinson: Yeah, I think, again, it's definitely in the script. But, I think there's something about the way Bruce builds everything. He builds the Batmobile himself, it's not kind of, it never feels like he's built something to be cool. Or it doesn't come from a place of like supreme confidence. It's not like there's an extreme amount of high technology. It kind of it feels like it's the suit, the Batmobile, and all these tools — they all seem like [Bruce is] just a guy obsessing in his basement building. And I mean, they even have the grappling hook, the grappling grapple gun. I mean, it's just like, it's a travesty. Like, it's kind of, it's a guy who's sitting there going, "My city is collapsing around me, and I need to build these little tools."
So it's kind of I don't think that even Bruce even really feels like a when I'm in the suit. Like, everyone's gonna be scared of me; it's just something that's kind of born out of this need and kind of obsession. And so I don't really think…I feel like the Batmobile and the suit and everything, it's just really kind of parcels of the same thing. It's kind of a part of him. So I don't think there's too much of a separation between the two between his vulnerable self and his competence, if that makes sense.
Kravitz: Also, all the action in the film is so tied to something emotional. There's no action just for action's sake. It's all because, you know, something very complex is going on with both of our characters. And so you don't really have to choose between one version or the other.
Reeves: I think, too, the thing that I was interested in and that we all sort of worked on and doing was, talking to Rob Alonzo, that [Batman] had to be able to fight, but I wanted you to feel the punches he was taking as much as the punches he was sort of dealing out.
The Batman hits theaters on March 4.
Published by Dorian Parks
Owner/Founder& CO-EIC of Geeks of color. Contact: Dorian@geeksofcolor.co View all posts by Dorian Parks
DC, Movies, News, Superheroes
Batman, Catwoman, DC, Matt Reeves, robert pattinson, The Batman, Zoe Kravitz
Matt Reeves & Robert Pattinson On Why They Didn't Want To Do An Origin Story For 'The Batman'
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Being a lover of history, I always read the introductions preceding each book of the Bible.
As a child, I discovered each book had its own story: Who scholars thought wrote it, when, and its historical context. I had visions of ancient people, moved by God to scratch out hymns, histories, and letters to inspire and guide countless future generations on the path to salvation. This added to the richness of the texts, the human story behind each word.
In reading these introductions, I first began to wonder what Bible-believing Christians did before there was a New Testament. However, I was not troubled so much that I would question the Protestant concept of Sola Scriptura, a belief that the Bible is the sole guide to Christian belief and practice. After all, we were blessed to have the Bible today thanks to the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, and the question did not seem that relevant to Christians today.
In my Evangelical years, many of those I worshipped with believed the Catholic Church embraced traditions of men, and therefore salvation by works rather than faith. Where did that phrase "traditions of men" come from? Straight from the lips of Jesus as recorded in Mark 7:1-8.
When I began attending St. Elizabeth church, the relevance of the question, "Is the New Testament a tradition of man," became much more prominent in my mind. While Catholic life and worship were infused much more with scripture than I had expected, it was evident to me that many Catholic traditions were not specifically outlined in the Bible. I found no Eucharistic Prayer II in the Pauline epistles, nor did I find seven sacraments in a single bulleted list in the Acts of the Apostles. And, I was confident I'd never seen the word "Pope" anywhere in the scriptures.
As I began a serious encounter with Catholicism, my challenge was to understand what exactly Sola Scriptura meant to Protestants, and how I could define traditions of men. The truth is, I'd never seen a clear definition of Sola Scriptura with any degree of Protestant consensus. But, I had been given a handy test to root out traditions of men: Simply ask, "Where's that in the Bible?" If the practice wasn't in the Bible, then it wasn't scriptural. And, if it wasn't scriptural, it simply must be a tradition of man. That's the filter through which I approached my first encounters with the Catholic church.
Lukefahr's little book took me back to the now troubling question of history and how the New Testament was written. And, later how it was decided – if even under the guidance of the Holy Spirit – what books should be included. In all the time I'd spent with Evangelicals, we'd all agreed the Catholic Church was based on "traditions of man," implying that we Bible-believing Christians based our activities on divinely inspired words in the scriptures. We used the Bible as our yardstick from which to indict Catholic traditions. Yet, it was beginning to dawn on me that the agreement on what constitutes the canon of the Holy Scripture was in itself a tradition, albeit one that we Protestants would agree was divinely inspired. What's more, I learned that the canon of the Bible was widely established before there was any such thing as a Protestant church, during a time when Catholic simply meant Universal.
If I were to reject the Bible because it came to us via traditions of men, then I would be forced to question the Bible's credibility to serve as a guide to my life and the life of the church.
Look at many churches today, and you'll see the results of rejecting Christian tradition, including scriptures. Morality becomes relative. We let our modern consciences – not the Bible or Church tradition – be our guide.
By rejecting tradition, we are forced to let society's evolving concepts of morality drive church teachings, rather than allowing Christian traditions to guide our concepts of morality. And yet, hundreds of Bible-believing churches – often rejecting labels such as Protestant or Evangelical – endlessly fracture over disagreements on what the Bible says. Formal and informal communities made up of multiple churches affiliate over a common set of beliefs and traditions regarding what the Bible really means.
I always had taken for granted the complete corruption of the Catholic Church that resulted in the Bible-based Reformation. Few today would argue that the universal church of the 1500s – let alone that of the 2000s – faced challenges and, at times, urgently needed reformation. Yet, I was left wondering if just one Catholic tradition was accepted by the reformers – the New Testament – what were the criteria for rejecting the others?
In Lukefahr's book, I'd seen numerous Biblical references supporting church traditions, such as the seven sacraments. Was there any chance that the Reformation had thrown the proverbial baby out with the bathwater? Was it a reformation alone, or was it a schism?
A small quietly ignored crack in my assumptions about the Catholic Church became a growing breach. If the Catholics had gotten it right – or even mostly right – about the canon of the Bible, I felt compelled as a Bible-believing Christian to examine other Catholic teachings. I no longer trusted what my fellow Evangelicals had taught me in books, sermons, radio broadcasts and television shows. I needed to know – in the Catholic Church's own words – what it was teaching and doing.
It wasn't that I felt my Evangelical brethren had ill intent. Instead, I worried that these Protestants were merely sharing erroneous, but sincerely held, traditions of man that had been passed along to them for 500 years since the days of Luther and Calvin.
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Sunday IndependentDispatch
Rwanda's President Paul Kagame. Picture: AP/John Muchucha
Why is the UN so intent on besmirching Paul Kagame's name?
By Opinion Dec 9, 2020
Victor Kgomoeswana
"If the UN, government officials, the international media and other observers had paid more attention to the gathering signs of disaster, and taken timely action, it might have been averted."
Former Head of Peacekeeping Operations at the UN, Koffi Anan, speaking as UN Secretary-General on March 26, 2004, said this at the Memorial Conference on the Rwanda Genocide in New York.
He was scathing and self-critical for having missed the warnings.
He particularly said that the international community had failed Rwanda, "and that must leave us always with a sense of bitter regret and abiding sorrow". He regretted not having "acted promptly and with determination" to stop the killing, but "the political will was not there, nor were the troops".
This makes me grimace at the enduring accusations of war crimes against Paul Kagame.
As President of Rwanda and as the former leader of the onslaught that freed the country and ended the genocide in July 1994, he has nothing left to prove about his ability as a turnaround specialist.
Now, why would the very UN – which omitted to stop the genocide – devote so much to besmirch the pilot of Rwanda's transformation, as reported in a Mail & Guardian exclusive, "Top- secret testimonies implicate Rwanda's president in war crimes"?
Citing "Tutsi soldiers who broke with the regime" the article states that UN investigators, for many years, have been secretly compiling evidence that implicates "Kagame and other high-level officials in mass killings before, during and after the 1994 Rwandan genocide".
Apparently, the sworn testimonies of these "Tutsi soldiers" negates the depiction of "Kagame and his RPF as the country's saviours". A simple visit to Rwanda will expose one to the perpetrators of the genocide who have already done time after being tried through the Gacaca court system.
The people of Rwanda have used the past 26 years – not to investigate each other for war crimes. They have been rebuilding with the help of cultural practices like Umuganda, the civic education programme Itorero and Agaciro (self-dignity).
The fundamental flaw in this tenacious quest to prove Kagame's involvement in the disappearance of his opponents or of how he suppresses dissent is that it overlooks that "you cannot argue with results", as he always says.
It overlooks to ask the people of Rwanda what they think of Kagame, not "Tutsi soldiers" who broke ranks. Ask the taxi drivers, the street sweepers and the coffee farmers what they make of Kagame.
None of these ordinary people of Rwanda will be in denial about the gory truths of decades of internecine fighting that sought to wipe out a significant proportion of the population. They will not pretend that Kagame walked into a boardroom in a suit to negotiate a peaceful solution in July 1994 – but they also know that when they were hacking each other to death with machetes funded by foreign governments, the UN did nothing.
Without seeking to exempt Kagame from any responsibility, let us rather go to the streets of Rusizi or the hills of Bugesera for an opinion poll on the UN's secret investigations. If the resounding response is that it must continue, then we are talking. Otherwise, let us leave Rwanda be.
* Victor Kgomoeswana is author of Open for Business, media commentator and public speaker on African business affairs.
** The views expressed here are not necessarily those of Independent Media.


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Exceptional understanding and enthusiasm for the metacognitive techniques used in the learning strategies workshops and consultations.
Available to work one or more late afternoons and/or evening shifts on Mondays through Fridays, and/or on Sundays, for approximately 9-15 hrs/wk.
Responsible, dependable, honest, and mature.
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Learning strategists must attend a rigorous initial training program based on the concepts of LearnWell Projects prior to being scheduled to lead workshops or meet with students at UC San Diego. Ongoing training, provided by the Academic Achievement Hub is expected. All training hours are paid.
If you meet all hiring requirements, please click on the button below to complete the Learning Strategist online application. Search for the Learning Strategist description under the Teaching + Learning Commons.
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Words are wonderful little boxes. Unwrap them and they set loose smells and memories, convictions and questions.
Together, those words and the hundred others swirling through my mind comprise only a small something about what I want to say.
I've never been a fan of weddings. When I was younger I was baffled by the artifice of it all, the shellacked hair and the stilted dances. Later, after my divorce, they brought out the cynic in me with the glib way they threw out words like "fidelity" and "forever." As far as milestones went, they ranked in my mind somewhere in the vicinity of personal Superbowl halftime show, all flash and oneupsmanship, no heart.
But, of course, where there are strongly held opinions there lies the biggest opportunity for growth.
This wedding was different in many ways. The food was lovingly made by friends from fresh ingredients. When you bit into it you tasted the flavors and then some intangible other thing, a mix of honest hard work, loving service to a friend and celebration. The flowers were picked by the bride and her mother and lit up their containers more than dozens of identical roses ever could. The party went on for days so that instead of an awkward four-hour drink-fest filled with facile DJ chatter and a checklist of meaningless traditions, it was an ongoing conversation that allowed the collective hopes of everyone there to bubble up and be shared. It was, in short, magical. But it was not the magic of Expelliarmus. It was the magic of cookies made from scratch.
As for the ceremony, by the time it came along all my worries about officiating had long dissipated. Gone were the 'what if they don't like it' and 'what makes me qualified' (answer: the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, biatch!). By the time the beautiful bride and the happy groom came down the simple stone steps together, I knew I was only going to help them hold a conversation in which they made their hopes and promises known to their friends and loved ones. Even when the plane buzzed so low overhead that the groom's mom joke about paparazzi seemed not that far-fetched, it was as simple at laughing at the moment.
These are some of the things this weekend taught me: authenticity always trumps pomp. Truth always trumps words recited by rote. Love always trumps obligation. Blood ties are precious yet shared experience makes ties that are strong and meaningful and lasting.
With words I seek to create signposts and turnarounds, redemption narratives and happy endings. Life is not like that, of course. I did not change in a weekend. I did not figure out love nor fend off my loneliness nor come to grips with my own romantic failures. I did not learn to be unafraid of what people think or to be untouched by annoyance. Someday, in some book, maybe I'll claim this was when it all happened. But the truth, like this weekend, was far more subtle than that. This wedding was not precious because it was perfect but because it was honest.
That's the word, I think.


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KOPPEL wave bowl - stainless steel, large
Koppel 3586864
https://www.georgjensen.com/en-us/tableware/bowls/koppel-wave-bowl---stainless-steel-large/3586864.html
The legendary Henning Koppel's work is synonymous with both the heritage of Georg Jensen and indeed with Danish design itself. Working endlessly in his pursuit of reconciling form and function, Koppel was obsessed with creating everyday objects that were beautiful without sacrificing practicality. His work has stood the test of time and continues to be a source of inspiration to new generations of designers. Most recently the Georg Jensen design team have taken original Koppel designs and reworked them to new variations of his iconic pieces. Original Koppel watercolour sketches from the archive have inspired and introduced a new colour palette of black, steel and shades of blue.
Materials: Mirror polished stainless steel
Measurements: H: 6.65 inches. Ø: 16.54 inches.
Henning Koppel showed an early talent for art, leading him to train in both drawing and aquarelle early on. He continued studies in sculpture at the Royal Danish Academy and later in Paris. His superb drafting skills, developed as a child, helped him in to produce outstanding product renderings of his designs.


On инжекторных engines hoses and pipelines should resist to pressure more than in 5 bar. Hoses are made therefore of the special material possessing high resistance to pressure, and in junctions they are screwed together one with another or connected by collars.
Cleanliness – the first precept at work with fuel system. Before work you should clear at least that place in which will work that in opened топливопровод the dirt has not got.
Removal of collars: nippers to squeeze metal loops. Because of it хомутик will extend, then the pipeline hose can be removed rotary motions.
If it is impossible, on the hose end to establish small рожковый a key and to wring out a collar it.
At installation you should apply instead of coupling collars болтовые connections.
At work with models with the 5-cylinder engine and system of injection KE-III-Jetronic it is necessary to mean that the fuel system is under pressure even after long time after engine switching-off.
At removal топливопровода keep in readiness a rag that fuel casually has not scattered to you in eyes.


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