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Border Patrol Employees Took Millions in Bribes to Allow Massive Secret Influx of Illegal Drugs and Immigrants
Posted by Guest Post
in: DEA, DHS, Government, Sleuth Journal, Special Interests, US News
By: Ron Nixon, New York Times |
WASHINGTON — In 2012, Joohoon David Lee, a federal Homeland Security agent in Los Angeles, was assigned to investigate the case of a Korean businessman accused of sex trafficking.
Instead of carrying out a thorough inquiry, Lee solicited and received about $13,000 in bribes and other gifts from the businessman and his relatives in return for making the "immigration issue go away," court records show.
Lee, an agent with Homeland Security Investigations at Immigration and Customs Enforcement, filed a report saying: "Subject was suspected of human trafficking. No evidence found and victim statement contradicts. Case closed. No further action required."
But after another agent alerted internal investigators about Lee's interference in another case, his record was examined and he was charged with bribery. He pleaded guilty in July and was sentenced to 10 months in prison.
It was not an isolated case. A review by The New York Times of thousands of court records and internal agency documents showed that over the last 10 years almost 200 employees and contract workers of the Department of Homeland Security have taken nearly $15 million in bribes while being paid to protect the nation's borders and enforce immigration laws.
These employees have looked the other way as tons of drugs and thousands of unauthorized immigrants were smuggled into the United States, the records show. They have illegally sold green cards and other immigration documents, have entered law enforcement databases and given sensitive information to drug cartels. In one case, the information was used to arrange the attempted murder of an informant.
The Times' findings most likely undercount the amount of bribes because in many cases court records do not give a tally. The findings also do not include gifts, trips or money stolen by Homeland Security employees.
Throughout his campaign, President-elect Donald Trump said border security would be one of his highest priorities. As he prepares to take office, he will find that many of the problems seem to come from within.
"It does absolutely no good to talk about the building of walls or tougher enforcement if you can't secure the integrity of the immigration system, when you have fraud and corruption with your own employees," said an internal affairs official at the Department of Homeland Security who spoke on the condition of anonymity.
Although Homeland Security employees who have been caught taking bribes represent less than 1 percent of the more than 250,000 people who work at the department, investigators say the bribes and small numbers of people arrested and charged with bribery obscure the impact corruption can have on border security and immigration enforcement.
"Any amount is bad, and one person alone can do a lot of damage," said John Roth, the inspector general at the Department of Homeland Security. "It doesn't have to be widespread."
Law enforcement experts say the bribing of border and immigration agents is not surprising. As security along the border has tightened with the addition of fences, drones and sensors, drug cartels and human smugglers have found it increasingly more difficult to operate.
"So it makes sense that cartels would target and try to corrupt border interdiction agents," said Fred Burton, chief security officer at Stratfor, a global intelligence company, and a former deputy chief of counterterrorism at the State Department's Diplomatic Security Service. "It's very similar to the tactics and tradecraft used by foreign intelligence services during the Cold War."
Homeland Security officials, acknowledging that internal corruption is a problem, have hired more internal affairs investigators, provided ethics training and started to administer polygraph tests to new applicants, along with countersurveillance training to employees so they can recognize when they are being targeted by criminal organizations.
Customs and Border Protection, which has had dozens of its officers arrested and charged with bribery, said it had made additional changes to combat corruption. Jeh Johnson, the secretary of Homeland Security, in 2014 gave authority to the agency's internal affairs office to conduct criminal investigations for the first time. And Mark Morgan, a former FBI agent who had investigated corruption on the border, was put in charge of the Border Patrol.
"Polygraphs have made it so we don't hire people with significant problems," said R. Gil Kerlikowske, commissioner of the customs agency. "The bigger problem is what happens to people who are already on board. These changes address that."
Records show that the bribing of Homeland Security employees persists. In 2016, 15 have been arrested on, convicted of or sentenced on charges of bribery.
In February, Johnny Acosta, a Customs and Border Protection officer in Douglas, Arizona, was sentenced to eight years in prison for bribery and drug smuggling. Acosta, who was arrested as he tried to flee to Mexico, took more than $70,000 in bribes and helped smuggle over a ton of marijuana into the United States.
Last month, Eduardo Bazan, a Border Patrol agent in McAllen, Texas, was arrested and accused of helping a drug trafficking organization smuggle cocaine. According to court records, Bazan admitted to receiving $8,000 for his help. José Cruz-López, a Transportation Security Administration screener at Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico, was arrested around the same time and accused of taking $215,000 in bribes to help smuggle drugs.
Corruption investigators said the case of former Border Patrol agent Ivhan Herrera-Chiang illustrates the damage a single compromised agent can cause. In 2013, he was sentenced to 15 years for providing sensitive law enforcement information to drug cartels.
Herrera-Chiang, who was assigned to a special undercover unit targeting the cartels in Yuma, Arizona, provided maps of hidden underground sensors, lock combinations to gates along the U.S.-Mexico border and the locations of Border Patrol traffic checkpoints to an individual who provided them to the cartels. The cartels used the information to bypass Border Patrol agents and transport methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana into the country, according to court records.
Herrera-Chiang also entered law enforcement databases on his work computer to run drug seizure checks and even provided information on confidential informants in Mexico. That information included one informant whom federal law enforcement officers were able to locate before he could be killed, court records said. Herrera-Chiang admitted to receiving about $4,500 in bribes for his efforts, but his co-conspirator put the amount between $60,000 and $70,000.
"Corrupt C.B.P. law enforcement personnel pose a national security threat," a Department of Homeland Security report released in May concluded. The report also revealed numerous problems with efforts to root out corruption among Border Patrol and customs agents. The report said the "true levels of corruption within C.B.P. are not known."
Convicted former border and immigration agents give different reasons for taking bribes, from financial troubles to drug use. But for many, it was simple greed.
Records show that Border Patrol officers and customs agents, who protect more than 7,000 miles of the border and deal most directly with drug cartels and smugglers, have taken the most in bribes, about $11 million.
But the issue of bribery extends well beyond front-line agents at the border. Department of Homeland Security employees who enforce immigration and customs laws and provide citizenship benefits and aviation security have also been arrested or indicted on and convicted of charges of taking bribes.
Last month, Daniel Espejo Amos, a former immigration service officer at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in Los Angeles, pleaded guilty to taking $53,000 in bribes from immigration lawyers on behalf of 60 immigrants who were not eligible to become naturalized citizens of the United States. Amos certified that the immigrants met the requirements for citizenship, even though one person's English-language skills were so poor that copies of test answers were given to him so he could memorize them for a naturalization interview.
Transportation security officers and screeners with access to secure areas of airports that could be used to smuggle weapons and even carry bombs onto planes have taken hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes as well, records show.
Roth, the inspector general, said rooting out corrupt employees is a top priority for his office, which gets 300 to 400 cases a year alleging corruption. The office takes about 100 of the cases and sends the rest to internal affairs offices at ICE, Customs and Border Protection, the TSA and Citizenship and Immigration Services.
The Border Corruption Task Force, which is directed by the FBI and includes agencies from the Department of Homeland Security as well as the Drug Enforcement Administration, has also pursued dozens of corruption and bribery cases that have ended in convictions.
But the Homeland Security report released in May said Customs and Border Protection, the parent agency of the Border Patrol, currently lacks proactive programs to weed out corruption. Instead, the report said, the agency based its investigations on reporting from other employees, other government agencies or the public, by which time the corruption could have festered for decades.
The agency also needed to more than double the number of internal affairs criminal investigators to 550 from about 200, the report said. It said the agency's 2017 budget calls for an increase of only 30 investigators.
James Tomsheck, the former head of internal affairs at Customs and Border Protection, said many of the problems the agency is facing with corrupt agents had to do with inadequate prehiring screening programs.
Background checks and polygraph tests have failed to weed out actual cartel members who were hired by the Border Patrol in some instances, he said.
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Oceanside Child Custody Attorneys and Child Support Lawyers in the Law Office of William C. Halsey provide skilled representation in child-related matters to divorcing clients or unmarried parents who are separating. Family law cases involving children often become emotionally charged, and the guidance of an experienced Family Law Attorney is critical.
Our Child Custody Lawyers and Child Support Attorneys are highly qualified and supportive legal advocates for all of your family law concerns. We offer straightforward legal advice while thoroughly explaining your rights and obligations regarding custody and support issues. We understand the challenges parents face in these situations, and we are dedicated to finding practical, effective solutions that work in our clients' best interests and in the best interests of the family.
Contact our Oceanside Child Support Attorneys and Child Custody Lawyers for a free consultation. We will answer your questions and explain the support and custody laws pertaining to your situation. Call (760) 721-3839. We see clients in the evenings and on weekends by appointment. Se habla español.
As knowledgeable Child Custody Attorneys with over 70 years of combined experience, we help parents create effective custodial arrangements. Whether you are looking to enforce your parental custodial rights, or you are a married parent involved in divorce proceedings, our experienced Family Law Lawyers will work diligently to protect your rights.
When parents cannot agree on custody arrangements, the matter is decided by the court. Our Oceanside Child Custody Attorneys offer skilled guidance to help you create a solid parenting plan and visitation schedule.
Both parents are required to contribute to the support of the child. Several factors are considered by the court when the amount of child support is determined. It is critical to follow the advice of an experienced Child Support Lawyer to ensure accurate information is considered. We look out for your best interests and the interests of your child in all family law cases. We provide guidance throughout the entire process which results in accurate child support calculations.
Monthly support payments are made until the child reaches age 18, or longer if additional care is needed. If your situation changes and your child support orders need to be changed, our Oceanside Child Support Lawyers are experienced at handling post-judgment modifications.
Call the Law Office of William C. Halsey to arrange for your confidential consultation. We can be reached on our local line at (760) 721-3839. From our offices in Oceanside, we serve clients in North San Diego County and throughout California. Contact us online by completing our Case Evaluation Form, and we will contact you for your free initial consultation.


Thank you for reaching out to TD Helps, Ronald! We'll be glad to provide the ways that you can obtain a payoff for your loan. One of the easiest ways to obtain a payoff for you loan is by calling our 24/7 Financial Solutions Group at 800-937-5020 or by visiting us at any TD Bank location during lobby hours. Click here: http://bit.ly/TDStores to find a TD Bank near you. If you are enrolled in online banking, you may send us a secured message as well. If you're not currently enrolled for Online Banking, you may do so by clicking here: http://bit.ly/1lU2qfY . Please have your account number, debit card number and Social Security number available. If you have any trouble signing up, please contact our Banking Specialists, 24/7 at 888-751-9000. To send a secured message, please sign into your account and select "Send a message"; which is located underneath the Message Center on the left hand side of the page. In your message, please include your full account number. Please note, if you're in need of a payoff for your auto loan and this is held through TD Auto Finance, please contact a TD Auto Finance Representative. They are available Monday through Friday 8:00 am to 10:00 pm and Saturday 8:00 am to 7:00 pm at 1-800-556-8172 to help you. Please let us know if you have any questions and have a great week, Ronald!


Do Favorable Demographics Always Equate to Outperformance?
Nareit spoke with Dave Bragg, managing director and research analyst at Green Street Advisors, about land-use regulations, demographics and supply constraints in certain sectors and markets.
Acemoglu talked with REIT magazine about the origins of "Why Nations Fail", the difficulties behind establishing a successful state and the inevitability—or lack thereof—of social decay.


What's the Deal With Pet Wellness Exams?
It may seem like an oxymoron to bring your pet to the hospital when he or she is healthy, but without preventive care, the bedrock of overall wellness is at risk. Certainly, when there aren't any pervasive signs of illness of injury, routine pet wellness exams get the backburner. However, they're essential to give us the opportunity to address developing problems before they get out of hand.
Cats and dogs should be seen at least once a year until they reach about 7 years of age. At that point, they're considered seniors, and due to common age-related illnesses, two visits per year are strongly recommended.
At your pet's exam, we will conduct a thorough physical assessment. This "nose-to-tail" exam takes into account the condition of the ears, eyes, mouth, lymph nodes, heart, lungs, abdomen, and musculoskeletal system. We look forward to discussing the results with you and hope you come prepared with questions, concerns, or observations about your pet's behavior.
Nutrition – Your pet's weight and diet are extremely important factors of health. Pet obesity is exceedingly common and is responsible for diabetes, complications of osteoarthritis, and a lower quality of life. Any changes in weight can indicate an underlying health issue.
Dental health – Gum disease can lead to systemic illness of the kidneys, liver, and heart. With routine brushing and dental cleanings under anesthesia, your pet's oral health will support general wellness.
Lab results – A pet may appear healthy, but blood or urine tests can reveal hidden problems. Other diagnostics, such as x-ray or ultrasound, are also very helpful at determining health issues.
Disease prevention – Remaining current with your pet's vaccinations is a vital component of pet wellness. Likewise, year round parasite prevention can protect against heartworm disease, Lyme disease, and more.
In between general pet wellness exams, it's important to keep a close eye on your pet's activities, behavior, and to note any changes in routine.
Please call us if you notice any differences in your pet's appetite or thirst, urination or defecation, appearance, or mobility. Similarly, if you just have a feeling that your pet is acting "off," don't hesitate to call us. Your pet's health and wellness are important to us!


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'The Indian Blue' Diamond Earns Top Billing at Sotheby's Magnificent Jewels Sale
"The Indian Blue," a 7.55-carat fancy deep grayish-blue diamond, will be the top lot at Sotheby's Magnificent Jewels sale in New York City on December 10.
Described as the "property of a distinguished lady," the cushion-cut center stone has a SI2 clarity and is flanked by two shield-shaped diamonds in a ring that carries a pre-sale estimate of $6 million to $8 million.
Trace amounts of the chemical element boron are responsible for causing the coloration of natural blue diamonds. According to the Museum of Natural History, "less than one boron atom per million carbon atoms is sufficient to produce the blue coloration."
Another highlight of the New York auction is "The Majestic Pink," a highly flexible bracelet comprised of 204 radiant and marquise-shaped diamonds of various fancy pink and red hues bordered by similar-cut, near-colorless diamonds. The total weight of the colored diamonds, which range in size from 0.10 carats to 0.47 carats, is 43.34 carats. The bracelet bears the maker's mark, Carvin French, and is expected to sell for about $3 million.
Also scheduled to hit the auction block at Sotheby's on December 10 is a ring featuring an ultra-rare 1.38-carat fancy red diamond. Fancy reds so rare that a typical Argyle Pink Diamonds Tender releases only four, or so, per year. Rio Tinto's Argyle Mine in Western Australia — the primary source of red and pink diamonds — is scheduled to cease operations in 2020, so supplies of these beautiful stones are expected to become even more scarce.
It is believed that red diamonds get their rich color from a molecular structure distortion that occurs as the jewel forms in the earth's crust. By contrast, other colored diamonds get their color from trace elements, such as boron (yielding a blue diamond) or nitrogen (yielding yellow).
The cushion-cut red diamond is framed by round pink-hued diamonds and square-cut colorless diamonds. The estimated selling price is $1.8 million to $2.8 million.
Highlighted by a 14.37-carat fancy vivid yellow diamond, this brooch by Verdura is expected to fetch $1.6 million to $2.4 million. Resembling a delicate iris, the brooch is centered by the round-cornered, square-cut yellow center stone and accented with petals formed by cabochon sapphires and round colorless diamonds.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Peter Fonda has apologized and deleted a "vulgar" tweet Wednesday about 12-year-old Barron Trump in response to the immigration debate.
The tweet suggested that the son of President Donald Trump should be ripped from "his mother's arms and put in a cage with pedophiles," according to the Associated Press.
Fonda's film Boundaries will be released on Friday as scheduled, Sony Pictures announced. Fonda's role in the film is small, AP reports. Sony also called Fonda's tweet as "abhorrent."
The Trump family also responded to Fonda's tweet, with Barron's older brother Donald Jr. writing that he disagrees with Sony's decision.
"The tweet is sick and irresponsible," Melania Trump's spokeswoman, Stephanie Grisham, said via email.
Fonda, a two-time Oscar nominee, who is the brother of Jane Fonda and son of Hollywood legend Henry Fonda, wrote in his apology that he was upset about children being separated from their parents at the U.S.-Mexico border.
"I tweeted something highly inappropriate and vulgar about the president and his family in response to the devastating images I was seeing on television. Like many Americans, I am very impassioned and distraught over the situation with children separated from their families at the border, but I went way too far. It was wrong and I should not have done it. I immediately regretted it and sincerely apologize to the family for what I said and any hurt my words have caused."


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The Shaw Prize
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The Prize in Astronomy
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P James E Peebles
The 2004 Prize in Astronomy
for his groundbreaking contribution to cosmology. He laid the foundations for almost all modern investigations in cosmology, both theoretical and observational, transforming a highly speculative field into a precision science.
Learn More About the Laureate
An Essay on the Prize
The Shaw Prize in Astronomy for 2004 is being awarded to P James E Peebles for a lifetime of groundbreaking contributions to cosmology and astrophysics. Between 1963 and 1985 he laid the foundations for almost all modern investigations in the field, theoretical and observational. Independently of some earlier pioneering work, Peebles realized that the observed abundance of light element isotopes, particularly hydrogen, deuterium, and helium-4, required a hot big bang, which would result today in a directly observable cosmic microwave background. A Princeton experiment designed to detect this radiation was barely beaten to the discovery by the work of a Bell Laboratories team. The resounding success of this prediction emboldened particle physicists and cosmologists to speculate on even earlier epochs in the history of the universe, culminating in exciting and suggestive new ideas concerning the nature of the creation event itself.
Peebles also made the first accurate calculation of the crucial transition of the universe from an ionized to a neutral state, and he introduced the formalism for computing the structure imprinted on the cosmic microwave background at recombination. He popularized the notion of massive dark-matter haloes surrounding spiral galaxies, and he was the first to make detailed and elaborate predictions for the large-scale clustering in the cosmos based on the hypothesis that this dark matter consists of elementary particles with relatively low random velocities that interact only weakly with ordinary matter and not at all with light except through gravitation. The name "cold dark matter" derives from these attributed properties. Many of his seminal ideas have been confirmed, decades after they were first proposed, by observations of the high-redshift universe, in particular by the recent measurements of the angular power-spectrum and polarization of the fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background. His two books on physical cosmology and the large-scale structure of the universe defined to a large extent the language and, except for the concept of inflation, the scientific agenda of almost all of the work in the field today. His leadership and vision have been critical for turning cosmology from a loosely constrained study in pure theory into the high-accuracy science that it has become at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
To Continue Reading
About the Laureate
P James E Peebles was born in 1935 in Canada. He received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Manitoba in 1958. He then went to Princeton University as a graduate student in physics, and he has been there ever since. He is currently Albert Einstein Professor of Science Emeritus.
27 May 2004, Hong Kong
The Shaw Prize Lecture in Astronomy 2004
"The Discovery of the Expanding Universe" by Professor P James E Peebles
© 2021, The Shaw Prize Foundation. All Rights Reserved.


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Wayland versus Weston rivalry in sports
Credit: Julia Raymond
Senior Timmy Goodfellow is shedding off a receiver to look and make a tackle. Wayland and Weston football are known for playing their yearly rivalry game on Thanksgiving. "This past fall we played our 85th annual Thanksgiving Day Football game," Weston Athletic Director Michael McGrath said.
Lauren Medeiros
The Wayland community is familiar with the rivalry between Wayland and Weston, which is seen mainly through high school sports. This competitive culture has increased over the past few years, making Wayland-Weston sporting events more popular for students, faculty and parents to attend.
The rivalry can be traced back to more than 85 years ago, when the annual Thanksgiving Wayland versus Weston football game began.
"When you go back in history, both football teams have always been playing on Thanksgiving, so that's one of the main reasons the rivalry was fueled," Wayland Athletic Director Heath Rollins said.
Another key factor in the rivalry is the closeness between the Wayland and Weston communities, [because] the two are neighboring towns, there is lots of pressure on each to exceed the other.
"You are always comparing yourselves to your closest towns. Wayland and Weston have similar size schools, and a similar make up in the town," Rollins said. "It's really just your neighbors you are comparing yourself against, so you can strive to the next level."
While the common notion is shared that Wayland Weston sports games are all about competition and no class, the annual Thanksgiving football game shows the different relationship the football community has.
"Weston has a special place in everyone's season, because they are our traditional rivals, but a lot of those games you already know the outcome or can guess it before you start," Rollins said. "I know with football Weston isn't really a rival, it's more Concord Carlisle. Those are the games when they win one year and we win the next. That's when you see the anticipation and excitement, as fans and players mark it on their schedules."
Over time, the Wayland Weston rivalry has grown because many athletes played sports together at a youth level, and even crew and girls hockey combine both towns together. Many of the athletes have also become familiar through playing club sports.
"There are a lot of clubs where they know each other, and you see more often after games key players on both teams go over to talk to each other," Rollins said. "The co-op teams with the girls Warcat Hockey [as well as] crew bridge that gap. It [combines] a lot of common traits between these schools."
While high school sports are competitive on their own, Rollins believes rivalry opponents intensify the competition on another level.
"Having a rivalry intensifies the game and makes it more exciting to watch, to see who steps up when the pressure is raised," Rollins said. "In athletics, it's going to happen throughout your life when you're working under pressure and trying to do something. Athletics really show you who's gonna step up in those big moments and that's a skill you're going to learn and carry throughout your life."
The games often attract a larger crowd of people as many fans want to support their town.
"In each game involving a rivalry, everyone from players, to coaches to spectators are a little more invested in the games," Weston athletic director Mike McGrath said.
While rivalries commonly cause drama and conflict, there are some unseen benefits from these competitive games.
"I think [rivalries] are a great thing," McGrath said. "Almost every high school has a rival school that when you play those games, they have a little extra meaning to them; there is a little more excitement in the school as well as in the community."
As Wayland continues to play Weston in sports year after year, it's important to keep a healthy and friendly rivalry going.
"A rivalry is important for both schools, and I hope it continues for many years to come," McGrath said.
Lauren Medeiros, Multimedia Editor
Lauren Medeiros, Class of 2022, is a multimedia section editor for WSPN and a second year reporter for the publication. She plays for Wayland High Schools...


Herjavec Group's Technical Security Assessment Services test key aspects of a customer's environment for flaws that could be taken advantage of. The objective is to build strategies that help secure and protect the environment.
Herjavec Group first performs a Vulnerability Assessment against the identified infrastructure to highlight vulnerabilities that an attacker might use to compromise the integrity of the systems in play. Herjavec Group then performs various Penetration Tests in order to better understand and improve upon the organization's present security posture.
In this phase we gain an understanding of the organization and its Internet footprint as well as any digital asset information.
Reconnaissance is conducted next to discover all live hosts and services running within the organization's network range.
The Vulnerability Discovery phase is an interactive procedure with the customer network to discover any vulnerabilities that exist on the hosts found in the previous phases.
In this phase we attempt to exploit the vulnerabilities discovered in the previous phases in order to gain unauthorized access to the host.


text:
Jonathan Di Bella (born August 18, 1996) is a Canadian kickboxer, currently signed with ONE Championship where he is the current Kickboxing strawweight world champion.
As of November 2022, he is ranked as the ninth best bantamweight kickboxer in the world by Beyond Kick.

Kickboxing career

Early career
Di Bella began practicing martial arts at his father's Di Bella Kickboxing gym, where he acquired a Kyokushin karate black belt. He would go on to win 20 consecutive fights as an amateur kickboxer, with 13 of those victories coming by way of stoppage. Di Bella made his professional kickboxing debut against David Weintraub at Battle of the Millenium 3 on June 10, 2016. He won the fight by a second-round technical knockout, as he stopped his opponent with low kicks, after he knocked him down twice with left straights.

Glory Kickboxing
Di Bella made his Glory debut against Will Calhoun at Glory 33: New Jersey on September 9, 2016, in what was his second professional appearance. He won the fight by a first-round technical knockout, due to doctor stoppage.

After he beat Pampos Grigoriou by unanimous decision at Battle of the Millenium 4 on May 12, 2017, Di Bella was booked to face Lennox Chance at Glory 43: New York on July 14, 2017. He once again won by unanimous decision.

Di Bella won two more bouts, a unanimous decision over Tommy Espinosa at Glory 48: New York on December 1, 2017 and a first-round knockout of Chris Johnson at Battle of the Millenium 5 on April 13, 2018, before he was given the chance to face Ahmad Ibrahim for the ISKA North American Lightweight title at Glory 55: New York on July 20, 2018. He captured the title by unanimous decision.

Di Bella made his fifth and final promotional appearance with Glory against Mohammed Lemjerdine at Glory 61: New York on November 2, 2018. He won the fight by unanimous decision.

Di Bella would then depart from Glory and face Dejaun Mishael Davis for the ISKA East Coast Featherweight title at Combat at the Garden on April 20, 2019. He won the fight by unanimous decision.

ONE Championship
On June 1, 2020 it was announced Di Bella signed a contract with ONE Championship. Di Bella faced Zhang Peimian for the vacant ONE Kickboxing Strawweight Championship at ONE 162: Zhang vs. Di Bella on October 21, 2022, in what was his debut with the promotion. He captured the vacant title by unanimous decision.

Titles and accomplishments

Amateur
International Kickboxing Federation
 2014 IKF Junior Muay Thai Super Lightweight Championship

Professional
ONE Championship
 2022 ONE Strawweight Kickboxing World Championship (125 lbs) (Current)
International Sport Kickboxing Association
 2018 ISKA North American Lightweight Championship
 2019 ISKA East Coast Featherweight Championship
 2019 ISKA Intercontinental Championship

Kickboxing record

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2022-09-29 || Win ||align=left| Zhang Peimian || ONE 161: Petchmorakot vs. Tawanchai || Kallang, Singapore || Decision (Unanimous) || 5|| 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |

|-  bgcolor= "#CCFFCC"
| 2019-12-06|| Win ||align=left| Nick Burgos || Combat at the Garden 2 || New York, United States || TKO (Referee stoppage) || 3 || 2:36
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |

|-  bgcolor= "#CCFFCC"
| 2019-04-20|| Win ||align=left| Dejaun Mishael Davis || Combat at the Garden || New York, United States || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |

|- style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"
| 2018-11-02 || Win ||align=left| Mohammed Lemjerdine || Glory 61: New York || New York City, New York, United States || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00

|-  bgcolor= "#CCFFCC"
| 2018-07-20|| Win ||align=left| Ahmad Ibrahim || Glory 55: New York || New York, United States || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2018-04-13 || Win ||align=left| Chris Johnson || Battle of the Millenium 5 || New York City, New York, USA || KO (High kick) || 1 || 1:20

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2017-12-01 || Win ||align=left| Tommy Espinosa || Glory 48: New York || New York City, New York United States || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2017-07-14 || Win ||align=left| Lennox Chance || Glory 43: New York || New York City, New York, USA || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2017-05-12 || Win ||align=left| Pampos Grigoriou || Battle of the Millenium 4 || New York City, New York, USA || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2016-09-09 || Win ||align=left| Will Calhoun || Glory 33: New Jersey|| Trenton, New Jersey, USA || TKO (Doctor stoppage) || 1 || 3:00

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2016-06-10 || Win ||align=left| David Weintraub || Battle of the Millenium 3 || New York City, New York, USA || TKO (Low kicks)  || 2 ||

|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2015-12-07 || Win ||align=left| Cornell Ward || Battle of the Millenium 2 || New York City, New York, USA || TKO (corner stoppage) || 2 ||

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-07-13 || Win ||align=left| Ethan Doucette || 2014 IKF World Classic Amateur Kickboxing Championships, Final  || Orlando, Florida, USA || KO  || 1 || 1:16
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-07-12 || Win ||align=left| Marquis Mike || 2014 IKF World Classic Amateur Kickboxing Championships, Semi Final  || Orlando, Florida, USA || TKO  || 2 || 2:00

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-07-11 || Win ||align=left| Trevor Oden || 2014 IKF World Classic Amateur Kickboxing Championships, Quarter Final  || Orlando, Florida, USA || TKO  || 1 || 1:08

|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

Professional boxing record

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!
!Result
!Record
!Opponent
!Type
!Round, time
!Date
!Location
!Notes
|-
|2
|Win
|2–0
|style="text-align:left;"| Jesus Omar Chavez Velazquez
|
|2 (4),
|
|29 Jul 2022
|style="text-align:left;"|
|-
|1
|Win
|1–0
|style="text-align:left;"| Brian Lopez Salinas
|
|4 (4),
|3:00
|2 Jun 2022
|style="text-align:left;"|
|-
| colspan=10 | Legend:

See also
List of male kickboxers

References

1996 births
Living people
Canadian male kickboxers
ONE Championship kickboxers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"The Bronx is famous for two things. Hip-hop, and 26 world championships." - Kurtis Blow
Break.pl Muzyka Teledyski Teledyski zagraniczne
Teledysk: MC Solaar "Nouveau Western"
The best and most popular French rapper, MC Solaar found success in America among fans of acid jazz and jazz-rap (if not the larger hip-hop community) after guesting on Guru's acclaimed Jazzmatazz project. His fluid phrasing makes up for his lack of English, and the production on his solo work (by DJ Jimmy Jay and Boom Bass of La Funk Mob) surpasses that of most of his hip-hop contemporaries. Born Claude M'Barali in Senegal, Solaar later moved to Paris and released his first single, "Bouge de La," in 1990. Two later tracks became French hits, prompting the release of his first album, Qui Seme le Vent Recolte le Tempo, in 1991. Introduced to the U.S. by way of two compilations (Tommy Boy's Planet Rap and Island's The Rebirth of Cool), MC Solaar recorded "Le Bien, Le Mal" for 1993's Jazzmatazz LP. His second album, Prose Combat, earned an American release on Cohiba by 1994. Paradisiaque followed in 1997, and Solaar returned a year later with a self-titled effort. La Tour de la Question appeared in 1999.
Kategoria: hip hop, muzyka, rap
Dodał: BeretH_
Zakceptowany: 05.10.12
Ostatnie zmiany: 05.10.12


text:
package skinny.micro

import javax.servlet.http.{ HttpServletResponse, HttpServletRequest }
import javax.servlet.{ FilterConfig, ServletResponse, ServletRequest, FilterChain }

import skinny.micro.context.SkinnyContext
import skinny.micro.util.UriDecoder

import scala.util.DynamicVariable

/**
 * Base trait for SkinnyMicroFilter implementations.
 */
trait SkinnyMicroFilterBase extends SkinnyMicroBase {

  private[this] val _filterChain: DynamicVariable[FilterChain] = new DynamicVariable[FilterChain](null)

  protected def filterChain: FilterChain = _filterChain.value

  def doFilter(request: ServletRequest, response: ServletResponse, chain: FilterChain): Unit = {
    val httpRequest = request.asInstanceOf[HttpServletRequest]
    val httpResponse = response.asInstanceOf[HttpServletResponse]

    _filterChain.withValue(chain) {
      handle(httpRequest, httpResponse)
    }
  }

  // What goes in servletPath and what goes in pathInfo depends on how the underlying servlet is mapped.
  // Unlike the SkinnyMicro servlet, we'll use both here by default.  Don't like it?  Override it.
  override def requestPath(implicit ctx: SkinnyContext): String = {
    val request = ctx.request
    def getRequestPath: String = request.getRequestURI match {
      case requestURI: String =>
        var uri = requestURI
        if (request.getContextPath.length > 0) uri = uri.substring(request.getContextPath.length)
        if (uri.length == 0) {
          uri = "/"
        } else {
          val pos = uri.indexOf(';')
          if (pos >= 0) uri = uri.substring(0, pos)
        }
        UriDecoder.firstStep(uri)
      case null => "/"
    }

    request.get("skinny.micro.SkinnyMicroFilter.requestPath") match {
      case Some(uri) => uri.toString
      case _ => {
        val requestPath = getRequestPath
        request.setAttribute("skinny.micro.SkinnyMicroFilter.requestPath", requestPath)
        requestPath.toString
      }
    }
  }

  override protected def routeBasePath(implicit ctx: SkinnyContext): String = {
    // servletContext can be null when test environment
    if (ctx.servletContext != null) ctx.servletContext.getContextPath
    else "/"
  }

  protected var doNotFound: Action = () => {
    implicit val ctx = context
    filterChain.doFilter(request, response)
  }

  methodNotAllowed { _ =>
    implicit val ctx = context
    filterChain.doFilter(request, response)
  }

  type ConfigT = FilterConfig

  // see Initializable.initialize for why
  def init(filterConfig: FilterConfig): Unit = {
    initialize(filterConfig)
  }

  def destroy(): Unit = {
    shutdown()
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
This website is dedicated to the millions of thyroid patients who are being ignored and left to suffer unnecessarily, and to healthcare practitioners, who want to better serve those patients.
UK Amazon
TPA Guidebook
New TPA Corrections to the BTA Statement on Armour Thyroid and Combination T4/T3 Treatment
HomeArticleProfessional BodiesBritish Thyroid AssociationNew TPA Corrections to the BTA Statement on Armour Thyroid and Combination T4/T3 Treatment
[SIZE=4]On 28 August 2007, TPA-UK sent a response to Professor Weetman (President) and Dr. Abraham (Secretary) to the BTA. The aim of TPA-UK is to secure an appropriate amendment to the BTA Executive Committee Statement on Armour Thyroid and T4/T3 combination therapy. After a meeting, the BTA Executive Committee found no reason to change their statement through "lack of evidence". TPA-UK has now resubmitted their response to BTA with the required 'evidence' on 6th April 2008 and now look forward to receiving confirmation that they will amend both their statements and that this will be carried out in the very near future.[/SIZE]
[LEFT]Please print off the TPA-UK's responses and take them to your GP/Endocrinologist if they refuse to give you a trial of combination therapy, either synthetic or natural Armour Thyroid because of the BTA's Executive Committee's previously misleading and incorrect statements.
The TPA-UK's corrections to the BTA's Executive Committee "Statement on Armour Thyroid and Synthetic T4/T3 Combination Therapy"- March 2008 are as follows:
The Thyroid Patient Advocacy-UK (TPA-UK) response to: A Statement from the British Thyroid Association Executive Committee on Armour Thyroid
The Thyroid Patient AdvocacyUK (TPA-UK) response to the British Thyroid Associations (BTA) Statement on the Use of Combination Thyroxine/Triiodothyronine
[/LEFT]
PREVIOUS CORRECTIONS (August 2007)
[LEFT]On 28 August 2007, TPA-UK sent a response to Professor Weetman (President) and Dr. Abraham (Secretary) to the BTA. Our aim is to secure an appropriate amendment to the above BTA Executive Committee Statement on Armour Thyroid and we look forward to receiving confirmation that this will be carried out in the very near future. Please print this off and take it to your GP/Endocrinologist if they refuse to give you a trial of Armour Thyroid because of the BTA's Executive Committee's misleading and incorrect statement. Corrections to the British Thyroid Association's Executive Committee "Statement on Armour Thyroid" August 2007 are as follows:
BTA Statement A:
[LEFT]"Armour Thyroid contains both thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) extracted from the thyroid gland of pigs. One grain, about 60 mg, of desiccated pig thyroid extract contains about 38mcg of T4 and 9mcg of T3, a ratio of around 4 to 1. The normal concentration of these hormones in the human thyroid is, however, at a ratio of 14 to 1. In other words, Armour thyroid extract contains excessive amounts of T3 relative to T4 when used to replace thyroid hormone in man. Moreover, as pig thyroid contains other substances apart from T4 and T3, Armour Thyroid is not a pure preparation of thyroid hormones. Historically, extracts of animal thyroid glands were the only way to treat thyroid underactivity, but since the 1950s pure synthetic thyroid hormones have been available in tablet form (thyroxine sodium [T4] and liothyronine [T3])."
TPA Correction:
[LEFT]The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) web site states: "Federal law requires prescription and non-prescription medicines sold in the U.S. to meet USP standards, if such standards are available. Manufacturers independently ensure that their products conform to USP standards, where applicable. When medicines meet USP standards, it means that they are pure, consistent in ingredients and strength, and properly labelled and stored. The Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) approves drugs based on manufacturers' own standards. USP sets public standards for products already approved by the FDA. Once USP standards become official, manufacturers must comply with them and the FDA can enforce the standards.
The human thyroid secretes T4 and T3 in a ratio of about 10 to 1. A similar ratio can be obtained by prescribing both Armour and thyroxine, although clinical response should take precedence over a theoretical ideal. Armour Thyroid contains other substances apart from T4 and T3 and is thus a priori the preferred option for patients with little or no residual thyroid function.
BTA Statement B:
[LEFT]"The concentration of thyroid hormones in Armour Thyroid USP is regulated by the manufacturer to United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. Despite this, there have been significant problems with the stability of Armour Thyroid in recent years, prompting a massive recall of tablets.1 Because of these stability problems with Armour Thyroid, there is potential for fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels in the blood of patients treated with Armour Thyroid. These fluctuations may be unpredictable and have adverse effects on patients' health."
[LEFT]There have NOT been "significant problems" with the stability of Armour Thyroid in recent years. On the contrary, Thyroxine has a very poor track record in the USA with many recalls. Goldshield recalled injectable Tertroxin last year.
Supplies of Tertroxin in tablet form were unavailable for a number of weeks earlier this year. Armour Thyroid has an excellent track record of stability and conformity. Thyroxine, in particular generic preparations, can yield wide fluctuations from the nominal dosage. Most thyroxine preparations contain lactose, causing thyroxine malabsorption in patients who are lactose intolerant. Whenever a batch of any drug is made, the manufacturer holds back a small number of tablets from that batch. These samples are periodically tested for quality. If a quality, potency, or other problem is found, the manufacturer recalls that batch. In a 2005 sample testing of several batches of Armour, it was found they were not maintaining full potency. These were manufactured between March and August 2003, and were set to expire between March and August of 2005. To avoid potential problems, they decided they would recall ALL the Armour made during that timeframe in 2003. According to the spokesperson at Forest Pharmaceuticals, very little product from these batches was in distribution at that time. Most of the recalled product had been sold long ago, leaving very little of the recalled Armour actually unused and in the market.
In a 1980 study, a number of generic versions of desiccated thyroid were found to be unreliable in potency. The amounts of T4 and T3 in Armour Thyroid, USP, on the other hand, were found to be constant ( Rees-Jones RW, Rolla AR, Larsen PR. Hormonal content of thyroid replacement preparations. JAMA 1980;243:549-550.). Moreover, two-year old tablets of Armour Thyroid contained similar amounts of T4 and T3, as did fresh tablets.
BTA Statement C:
[LEFT]"There is no evidence to favour the prescription of Armour Thyroid in the treatment of hypothyroidism over the prescription of thyroxine sodium, as supplied in the United Kingdom. There has never been a direct comparison of these two treatments."
[LEFT]Thyroxine was introduced without any comparison with Armour Thyroid being published. Given levothyroxine is the cheaper medication, one has to question why the manufacturers would not wish to demonstrate equal effectiveness. Natural desiccated porcine thyroid extract has been making patients better since 1894, long before the introduction of synthetic thyroxine. Thus, the burden of proof lies with the synthetic product to demonstrate it is safe, effective and as consistent as Armour.
BTA Statement D:
[LEFT]"The BTA committee cannot recommend a treatment with possible side effects, when a safe and equally well-established treatment exists."
[LEFT]There can be side effects with any treatment. Possible side effects of thyroxine can include angina chest pain, arrhythmia, palpitations, rapid heart rate, muscle cramps, stomach upset, tremor, insomnia, headache, flushing, weight loss, heat intolerance. Source: Medic8 Family Health Guide
We are aware that over-dosage with T4 and T3 is undesirable, but Armour is no more likely to cause such problems than is a combination of synthetic T4 and T3. Splitting the daily dose would obviate any potential concern about transient elevations of T3 levels.
BTA Statement E:
[LEFT]"Armour Thyroid is not on the British National Formulary and is not a licensed therapy in the UK."
[LEFT]Armour and several other thyroid medications were 'grandfathered' in when Congress passed the Kefauver-Harris Drug Efficacy Amendments of 1962, to tighten control over drugs. Before marketing a drug, firms had to prove safety and effectiveness for the product's intended use. The requirement was applied retroactively to 1938, when the FDC Act was passed. Pre-1938 drugs were allowed because they were generally recognised as safe and effective, provided no evidence to the contrary developed. Too much evidence to the contrary developed concerning the levothyroxine products and the FDA decided none was generally recognised as safe and effective, so these synthetic products lost their 'grandfathered' privilege and had to go through the NDA process. Armour retains its' grandfathered' status since no evidence to the contrary has developed concerning its safe and effective status.
BTA Statement F:
[LEFT]"Mr. G. Matthews, the Pharmaceutical Assessor of the Medicines and Health Care Products Regulatory Agency, in a letter sent to BTA dated 19 October 2005, has clarified that "The regulations on medicine allow doctors to prescribe an unlicensed medicine for a patient to meet such a special clinical need, on their own direct personal responsibility. Where these unlicensed medicines are not available in the UK they can be imported by appropriately licensed medicines wholesalers, for supply to a doctor or pharmacy, to meet these needs."
BTA Statement G:
[LEFT]"The cost of Armour Thyroid may be up to 20 per month, compared to an equivalent cost of 1 per month for thyroxine."
[LEFT]Although Armour Thyroid costs a little more than thyroxine and liothyronine, it is not an expensive drug. Especially when you consider that the average cost of prescriptions per person, per calendar month, is 20. Critically, some patients do not recover on thyroxine. These patients may be unable to resume work. They receive unnecessary investigations and treatments leading to an increased burden on health care resources and risk of harm.
BTA Statement H:
[LEFT]"Furthermore, Armour Thyroid is not eligible to be claimed on the prescription exemption certificate (FP10)."
[LEFT]According to the MHRA, doctors in the UK are allowed to prescribe Armour Thyroid within the NHS or privately to anybody diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Armour Thyroid is eligible to be claimed on the prescription exemption certificate (FP10) in the same way as other thyroid hormones. A GP can prescribe Armour using a normal green prescription form (FP10) and s/he should write "Armour Thyroid", the dose required and also writes "For the treatment of hypothyroidism". The pharmacy will contact Idis World Medicines and they will fulfil the order. Tel: 020 8410 0700/ Fax: 020 8410 0800. Email: prodinfo@idis.co.uk or idis@idis.co.uk for orders. Web site: http://www.idis.co.uk
Annex 1:
[LEFT] Armour Ingredients Active Ingredients: Armour Thyroid Tablets, USP contain the labelled amounts of levothyroxine and liothyronine as established by the USP. The ratio of Armour Thyroid T4 to T3 is 4.22:1 (4.22 parts of T4 to one part of T3).
1.Thyroid Powder, USP
2. Dextrose, Anhydrous
3. Microcrystalline Cellulose, NF
4. Sodium Starch Glycolate, NF
5. Calcium Stearate, NF
6. Opadry White (titanium dioxide used as a whitening agent)
Armour Thyroid, USP does not contain gluten or lactose. You can find confirmation of their ingredients and their quality control procedures on the manufacturer's web site:
[LEFT]The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act designates the USP-NF as the official compendia for drugs marketed in the United States. A drug product in the U.S. market must conform to the standards in USP-NF to avoid possible charges of adulteration and misbranding. The USP-NF is also widely used by manufacturers wishing to market therapeutic products worldwide. Meeting USP-NF standards is accepted globally as assurance of high quality.
As Armour thyroid is labelled USP it would be expected to meet the requirements of the USP monograph throughout its shelf life. The current USP monograph for thyroid tablets has an Assay to measure the quantities of liothyronine and levothyroxine, a content uniformity test, a disintegration test and microbial limits. Standards are set by an expert committee with open public comment. Copies of these papers as well as copies of the USP monograph on Thyroid, Thyroid Tablets can be seen at any medical or pharmacy school library. The onus is on Idis, as importer and supplier, to prove that Armour is being supplied for the permitted indication, and a spokesperson for Idis has agreed that doctors now only need to write on the prescription "Armour Thyroid required for the treatment of hypothyroidism" and the dosage.
TPA Disclaimer
Copyright © Thyroid Patient Advocacy | Web design and development by Websolve
Registered in England and Wales | Company registration number 7222939 | Charity registration number 1138608 | Registered Office Russel Chambers, 61a North Street, Keighley, West Yorkshire, England, BD21 3DS


UNLV is chosen as a pilot school for the implementation of INtegrate, the initiative to replace and upgrade the student information systems for all institutions in the Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE). The new system will provide students more self-services capability and allow faculty and staff to meet students' needs for accurate and timely information. The project is launched at UNLV in July 2008 with the Student Services modules scheduled to go live in September 2009. UNLV's 10 year-old William S. Boyd School of Law moves from 100th to 88th place in U.S. News and World Report's annual best law school rankings. The Board of Regents approves UNLV's initiative to create a second overseas satellite campus in the United Arab Emirates that would offer both bachelor's and master's degrees in hotel administration and hospitality as soon as spring 2010. UNLV and partner NSHE institutions received $15 million from the National Science Foundation to investigate climate change and its effects on Nevada. Greenspun Hall, UNLV's first building certified under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating systems is dedicated.
UNLV celebrates its 50th Anniversary, beginning with the formal inauguration of Dr. David B. Ashley as the university's eighth president. Executive Vice President and Provost Neal Smatresk leads the president's new comprehensive planning process "Focus 50 to 100." In conjunction with the 50th anniversary celebration, Professor Eugene P. Moehring publishes "The University of Nevada, Las Vegas: A History" chronicling the decisions and controversies that influenced the university during its formative years. Dr. Christine Clark is hired as UNLV's first Vice President for Diversity and Inclusion. The new Ombuds Office, established to provide confidential, informal conflict resolution services to the university community, falls under her purview. President Ashley allocates $2 million in research awards to enhance campus research and scholarly efforts. A new multidisciplinary undergraduate degree program in Entertainment Engineering & Design is approved. The new Student Union and the Student Recreation and Wellness Center are inaugurated.
Dr. Carol Harter, UNLV's longest serving president thus far, retires from the presidency of UNLV and assumes the role of executive director of the Black Mountain Institute, an international center dedicated to advancing literary and cross-cultural dialogue. Dr. Harter continues to provide leadership for the capital campaign, UNLV's Invent the Future, bringing in more than $310 million towards the $500 million goal set for the end of 2008. Dr. David B. Ashley, Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost of the University of California, Merced, becomes UNLV's eighth president. The School of Dental Medicine graduates its first class. The William F. Harrah College of Hotel Administration begins construction of the college's first international campus in Singapore, accepting applications for fall 2006. Construction of the Science, Engineering and Technology building begins. The Barrick Lecture Series and the Performing Arts Center celebrate their 25th and 30th anniversary, respectively.
Construction of the new Moyer Student Union and the Student Recreation Center begins. The facilities will add nearly 320,000 square feet of program and recreation space for students. UNLV launches "Midtown UNLV," a large-scale public-private partnership to redevelop the areas surrounding the campus designed to create a university district of restaurants, cafes, outdoor gathering places, small scale galleries, and residential/retail opportunities. Planning begins for a 640 acre campus in North Las Vegas. The Board of Regents approves Ph.D programs in Chemistry, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Therapy and Public Affairs. UNLV offers 117 graduate programs, including 34 doctoral programs. Enrollment is 27,334.
The preschool moves to the new Lynn Bennett Early Childhood Education Center, benefiting from 30,000 square feet of playground space and 21,000 square feet of classroom and administrative space. The preschool accommodates up to 400 families, and employs 125 student assistants. The School of Dental Medicine screens patients for the school's clinic, opening in the summer of 2004. The school's orthodontic residency program is approved as part of a public/private partnership that includes the building of a new facility for clinical research at UNLV's Shadow Lane Campus and a major scholarship program. UNLV's new Division of Health Sciences houses three schools: Allied Health Sciences, Nursing, and Public Health. The Board of Regents approves Ph.D programs in Nursing and Radiochemistry. UNLV offers 106 graduate programs, including 30 doctoral programs. UNLV grants 133 law degrees and 48 doctoral degrees.
The William S. Boyd School of Law, with an enrollment of 454 students, is granted full accreditation and moves into its permanent home on campus—the newly renovated (former) James R. Dickinson Library. UNLV acquires the Shadow Lane Campus, the future home of the School of Dental Medicine, the Cancer Institute and other biomedical centers. The School of Dental Medicine welcomes an entering class of 76 students and receives initial accreditation. More than 3,600 degrees are conferred, including 35 doctoral degrees. Enrollment is 24,965.
UNLV receives a $2.6 million grant from the U.S. Health and Human Services Administration for the University's Cancer Institute and new Biotechnology Center. President Bush nominates Jay Bybee, a professor for the William S. Boyd School of Law, as assistant attorney general. Mr. Bybee is appointed to advise Attorney General Ashcroft on the constitutionality of legislation and executive orders. The Greenspun family pledges $9.7 million to build a new facility to house the university's Greenspun College of Urban Affairs. A new 1,600-space parking garage opens.
The Beam Music Center, containing the Artie Shaw Music Collection, is completed. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching moves UNLV to the ranking of Doctoral/Research Universities-Intensive category. More than 3,300 degrees are conferred, including 31 doctoral degrees and 89 juris doctorates. Enrollment is over 23,000 students.
UNLV's College of Liberal Arts receives a multi-million dollar pledge to create an Institute of Modern Letters and to endow a chair in Creative Writing. Nobel Prize-winning playwright Wole Soyinka is appointed to the newly created endowed chair. The Foundation Building and International Gaming Institute Building are completed. The library collection is moved to the completed 302,000 square foot Lied Library. The $55.3 million library, one of the most technologically sophisticated in the U.S., features hundreds of computer workstations and an automated storage and retrieval system.


text:
Wojsko Ludwika Mierosławskiego – polskie formacje zbrojne  w okresie powstania wielkopolskiego 1848 roku.

Formowanie i koncentracja
20 marca 1848 roku Komitet Narodowy proklamował niepodległość Polski i utworzył wydział wojskowy celem organizacji sił zbrojnych. Obowiązkiem służby wojskowej objęto mężczyzn od 17 do 50 roku życia. Kilka dni później w Poznaniu powstało dwadzieścia siedem ośrodków formowania. Organizowano oddziały gwardii i straży bezpieczeństwa. Powstała szkoła podchorążych. Przy powiatowych komisarzach cywilnych ustanowiono urzędy organizatorów wojennych dla organizowania oddziałów piechoty i kawalerii.

Po tygodniu obozy polskie liczyły około 4000 ochotników. Odczuwano ogromny brak broni i oporządzenia wojskowego, większość żołnierzy uzbrojona była w kosy lub broń myśliwską.  Formowano dwa rodzaje broni: piechotę i jazdę. Piechota dzieliła się na wojska kosynierskie i strzeleckie. Etat batalionu pieszego ustalono na 600 ludzi, szwadronu jazdy na 120 ludzi.

Naczelne dowództwo sprawował przybyły z Berlina Ludwik Mierosławski. Formalnie był on tylko członkiem wydziału wojennego, ale proponowany na stanowisko wodza gen. Kruszewski odmówił i raczej skłaniał się ku rozwiązaniu oddziałów.

Celem koncentracji wojsk polskich, zorganizowano obozy wojskowe we Wrześni, Książu, Mieściskach, Pleszewie i w Środzie. Całość sił polskich wynosiła wówczas około 7000 ludzi. Realizując ugodę jarosławską, ograniczono siły polskie do pięciu, a następnie czterech obozów. W każdym z tych obozów stacjonować miały: jeden batalion piechoty (600 ludzi) i szwadron jazdy (120 ludzi). Stan wojska wynosić miał do 2400 piechoty i 480 szabel. 11 kwietnia wydana została instrukcja nakazująca rozlokowanie w pobliżu obozów drugiej, a nawet trzeciej zmiany przepisanego kompletu 720 ludzi i cotygodniowego jej przeszkolenia. Mierosławski w ten sposób, będąc w zgodzie z ugodą, chciał zapewnić sobie większą liczbę wojska. Spodziewał się osiągnąć stan około 10 000 wyszkolonych żołnierzy.

20 kwietnia Mierosławski zwołał naradę przedstawicieli obozów w Winnogórze. Przyjęto tam projekt reorganizacji oddziałów. Siły zbrojne podzielono na piechotę, jazdę i artylerię. Piechotę zorganizowano w bataliony, a jazdę w szwadrony. W trakcie narady powołano też komisję egzaminacyjną dla oficerów z płk. Oborskim jako przewodniczącym. Od egzaminu kwalifikacyjnego zwolniono oficerów, którzy służyli w Wojsku Polskim przed rokiem 1830 i brali udział w powstaniu 1830-1831. Ustalono też żołd.

Działania zbrojne

Już w końcu kwietnia doszło do pierwszych starć powstańców z wojskiem pruskim pod Grodziskiem, Gostyniem, Raszkowem i Kożminem. 22 kwietnia Prusacy wyparli Polaków z Odolanowa. Walki te uświadomiły Mierosławskiemu konieczność przygotowania obozów do walki. Dowódca obozu w Książu, pułkownik Florian Dąbrowski otrzymał do dyspozycji oddział Józefa Garczyńskiego z Nowego Miasta. Nakazano powołać pospolite ruszenie z okolicznych wsi. Mierosławski zdawał sobie sprawę z przewagi pruskiej. Liczył jednak na atut własnego terytorium i fakt, że oddziały pruskie złożone były przede wszystkim z mało wartościowej landwery. Oceniał, że poprzez koncentrację polskich obozów, uzyska przewagę lokalną co pozwoli mu rozbić poszczególne kolumny nieprzyjaciela.

Bitwa o Książ

Florian Dąbrowski dysponował około 1300 żołnierzami. Przeciwnikiem Dąbrowskiego był pułkownik Brandt, Dysponował on ponad 6000 żołnierzy i 7 działami. 29 kwietnia prusacy uderzyli na Książ. Dąbrowski był już przygotowany na odparcie wroga. Czekał jedynie na wsparcie oddziału Garczyńskiego. Ten przekazał mu zaledwie 45 strzelców. Powstańczy szwadron jazdy toczył ciężkie boje z jazdą pruską. Odszedł on jednak od głównego centrum walki. Prusacy próbowali odciąć drogę odwrotu na Nowe Miasto, a od Śremu piechota, wsparta artylerią prowadziła natarcie na barykady. Bój o zapory bronione przez 80 strzelców trwał ponad dwie godziny. Prusacy zastosowali manewr obejścia. Zmusiło to strzelców do wycofania się. Obiecane posiłki w postaci oddziałów Garczyńskiego nie nadchodziły. Walka przeniosła się ponownie do śródmieścia, gdzie nastąpił ostatni akt bitwy. Ciężko ranny został  Dąbrowski. Spadło morale w szeregach polskich, część żołnierzy rozbiegła się lub poddała. Leon Smitkowski wysłał parlamentariuszy do Brandta z gotowością do poddania się. W bitwie poległo ok. 300 powstańców, drugie tyle dostało się do niewoli. Pozostali rozproszyli się po lasach. Brandt, były polski oficer, za wygraną bitwę otrzymał awans generalski.

Bitwa pod Miłosławiem

Klęska obozu ksiąskiego skłoniła Mierosławskiego do koncentracji innych obozów polskich w Miłosławiu. Strona polska miała tu do dyspozycji ponad 700 strzelców, 1300 kosynierów, około 370 jazdy i 4 działka. Działający na tym kierunku Blumen mógł przeciwstawić 2100 bagnetów, 360 szabel i 4 działa. Bitwa miłosławska dzieliła się na dwie fazy: w pierwszej słabe siły powstańcze pod naciskiem Prusaków rozpoczęły odwrót, lecz po nadejściu odsieczy Garczyńskiego i Białoskórskiego Polacy przeszli do przeciwnatarcia uzyskując pełne powodzenie. Około 18:00 bitwa już wygasła. Prusacy przyznali się do 50 zabitych, 156 rannych i 19 zaginionych, ze strony polskiej straty wyniosły do 200 zabitych, rannych i zaginionych.

Bój pod Sokołowem

Mimo zwycięstwa Mierosławskiego, nie umilkły niesnaski wśród kadry oficerskiej. Nie wierząc w ostateczny sukces, Białoskórski złożył dowództwo oddziału. Inni dowódcy wzniecali bunty wobec Mierosławskiego, zarzucając mu niezaradność. Chaos powiększał brak żywności, amunicji i broni, upadała dyscyplina. Część żołnierzy rozeszła się do domów.

Mierosławski, stłumiwszy anarchię, 1 maja ruszył ku Kujawom. 2 maja oddział polski stojący na wedecie w Sokołowie został zaatakowany przez kolumnę generała Hirschfelda. Siły pruskie liczyły 4 bataliony, 2 szwadrony i 6 dział. Był to  ostatni większy bój z Prusakami. Powstańcy zwyciężyli. Ceną było 300 zabitych i tyluż rannych.

8 maja oddziały powstańcze nie przedstawiały już żadnej wartości bojowej. Wojsko było skłócone, rozpolitykowane i niezdolne do walki. Pułkownik Augustyn Brzeżański poddał je 11 maja generałowi Wedellowi. Tylko 35 żołnierzy stawiło się, by złożyć broń, reszta rozeszła się do domów lub też na własną rękę tworzyła nowe formacje partyzanckie.

Mundur armii wielkopolskiej
Na naradzie dowódców w Winnogórze ustalono też tymczasowe przepisy ubiorcze.
Mundur oficerski miał składać się z surduta mundurowego, spodni i płaszcza z szarego sukna, z granatowym kołnierzem z amarantową wypustką, z peleryny i czapki. Koszty umundurowania miała wziąć na siebie kasa centralna.

Odznaki oficerskie były noszone na obydwu ramionach (sznurki) i na lewej przedniej kwaterze czapki (szewrony):

Stopnie oficerskie:
 podporucznik - jeden srebrny sznurek
 porucznik - dwa srebrne sznurki
 kapitan  - trzy srebrne sznurki
 major - jeden złoty sznurek
 podpułkownik - dwa złote sznurki
 pułkownik - trzy złote sznurki
Podoficerowie:
 starszy sierżant - na lewym rękawie, od mankietu ku górze podwójny szewron z wąskiej taśmy szychowej
 podoficer - podwójny, amarantowy szewron na przedramieniu lewego rękawa - od łokcia ku mankietowi
 kapral - szewron jak wyżej, lecz pojedynczy

Struktura organizacyjna i obsada etatowa
Obsada etatowa podana za:

Sztab główny
 Inspektor obozów –  Ludwik Mierosławski
 Szef sztabu –  St. Poniński
 Inżynier sztabu – Szubert
 Oficerowie sztabu: mjr Czarnomski, kpt. Antoni Przeniewski, płk Ludwik Oborski, Aleksander Guttry, Bronisław Dąbrowski
 Intendent generalny
 Al. Brudzewski
 Józef Gąsiorowski
 Fiszer
 Pomocnik intendenta – Łuczycki
 Kasjer generalny – Ruszczewski

Obozy i oddziały wojskowe
Obóz w Miłosławiu

Dowódca – płk Augustyn Brzeżański
 Adiutant dowódcy – ppor. Stoss
 Komendant jazdy – Pomorski
 Oficerowie jazdy: Modliński, Teofil Mniewski, Julian Zabłocki, Kłodowski, J. Lipski
 Komendant piechoty – Koszutski
 Oficerowie piechoty: Ludwik Sokolnicki, Wiktor Szołdrski
 Komendant strzelców – J. Grabski
 Oficerowie strzelców: kpt. Lange, Niesiołowski, Dembiński, Snowacki, Królikowski, Stachecki, Lossow, Brownsford, Ciszewski, Fabianowski
 Komendant artylerii – St. Węclewski
 Komendant placu – Antoni Grabski

Obóz w Książu

Dowódca
 płk Budziszewski
 od 22.04.1848 mjr Florian Dąbrowski
 Komendant jazdy – Leon Smitkowski
 Oficerowie jazdy: L. Terlecki, Józef Czapski, Leonard Różbicki, Franciszek Żychliński, Jezierski, Sokolnicki, Wawrzyniec Łagodzki, Wołoszyński, por. Seweryn Jakiewicz, mjr Antoni Kamiński
 Oficerowie piechoty: Walenty Jarociński, Piotr Falęcki
 Komendant placu – Stanisław Mycielski, mjr Dziarżanowski
 Inżynier obozowy – Hipolit Cukrowicz
 Kapelan obozowy – X. Koszutski

Obóz pleszewski

Dowódca – Feliks Białoskórski
 Komendant jazdy – mjr Kirkor
 Oficerowie jazdy: Piotr Zakrzewski, Stanisław Taczanowski, Wojciech Lipski
 Komendant piechoty – mjr Andrzej Prądzyński
 Oficerowie piechoty: Andrzej Piliński, Winnicki, Krzysztofor, C. Wysoczyński, mjr Murzynowski, Franciszek Parczewski, Wyganowski, Błociszewski
 Komendant strzelców – płk Michał Kuszell
 Oficerowie strzelców: Łukomski, Siltowski

Obóz nowomiejski

Dowódca – Józef Bonawentura Garczyński
 Szef sztabu – Władysław Kosiński
 Oficerowie sztabu: Berlier, Apolinary Kurnatowski, Słomczewski, mjr Słubicki
 Komendant jazdy –  Władysław Kosiński
 Oficerowie jazdy: Konstanty Bniński, Andrzej Iłowiecki, Edmund Krynkowski, Walenty Iłowiecki, Stanisław Iłowiecki, Łukasz Ciesielski
 Oficerowie piechoty: Hartwig, Krzysztofowicz, Kwiatkowski, Drozdowski
 Oficerowie strzelców: kpt. Wargocki, Goślinowski, Karczewski, Idzi Szuman, Karol Brzozowski, Domagalski, Gabryelski
 Oficer artylerii – Bajerski
 Kapelan obozowy – X. Brzeziński

Pułk poznańskiej piechoty liniowej

Dowódca pułku – płk Jabłkowski
 Dowódca batalionu – mjr Wroniecki
 Oficer sztabu – mjr Dobrogoyski
 Adiutant batalionu – ppor. Sokolnicki
 Płatnik – ppor. Lekszycki
 Intendent – ppor. Brix
 Dowódca 1 kompanii – kpt. Żurkowski
 Dowódca 2 kompanii – kpt. Koszkowski
 Dowódca 3 kompanii – kpt. Kolski
 Oficerowie: por. Sawiński, por. Miaskowski, por. Konstanty Rosé, por. Koszutski, por. E. Trąmpczyński, ppor. Kleparski, ppor. Alfons Rostkowski, ppor. Józef Kont, ppor. Jan Tuszewski, ppor. Lewandowski, ppor. Stanisław Rostkowski, ppor. Lubomęski, ppor. Witold Rostkowski, ppor. Przepałkowski, ppor. A. Szyszyłowicz

Szkoła podchorążych (legia akademicka)
 Dowódca piechoty – Henryk Szuman
 Dowódca jazdy – Ad. Koczorowski
 Dowódca artylerii – Edmund Taczanowski

Uwagi

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Polskie formacje wojskowe okresu rozbiorów
Powstanie wielkopolskie (1848)