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2.6. The Genetic Code and Evolutionary Theory
Emergence of Life
How did life emerge on Earth? How have life and Earth co-evolved through geological time? Is life elsewhere in the universe? Take a look through the 4-billion-year history of life on Earth through the lens of the modern Tree of Life! This course will evaluate the entire history of life on Earth within the context of our cutting-edge understanding of the Tree of Life. This includes the pioneering work of Professor Carl Woese on the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign campus which revolutionized our understanding with a new "Tree of Life." Other themes include: -Reconnaissance of ancient primordial life before the first cell evolved -The entire ~4-billion-year development of single- and multi-celled life through the lens of the Tree of Life -The influence of Earth system processes (meteor impacts, volcanoes, ice sheets) on shaping and structuring the Tree of Life This synthesis emphasizes the universality of the emergence of life as a prelude for the search for extraterrestrial life.
Enjoyed every minute of the course and learned so much at the same time!
Excellent lectures. Personal transformation observed while watching.
Week 2 - The Tree of Life and Early Earth Environments
The advent of life on Earth came about as a result of a remarkable confluence of physical, chemical, and biological processes, all of which were intrinsically linked to rapidly changing early Earth environments. Within this context, cutting-edge approaches in molecular phylogeny by Professor Carl Woese revealed new understandings of the emergence of life and the possible distribution of life within the cosmos. All this and more will be explored in this week's lessons!
2.1. The Scientific Inquiry of Carl Woese8:00
2.2. The Place of Carl Woese in Evolutionary Biology8:24
2.3. Revolution of the Tree of Life7:41
2.4. Evolution of the Tree of Life6:42
2.5. How Did Life Emerge?5:25
2.6. The Genetic Code and Evolutionary Theory7:23
2.7. Throwing Rocks at Earth: The Martian Meteorite10:46
2.8. Microbial Mats and Stromatolites: Laying Down On the Job6:49
2.9. Oxygenation of the Atmosphere5:15
2.10. Snowball Earth; It Did Freeze Over!8:31
Bruce W. Fouke, Ph.D.
Director of the Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center
Select a languageEnglishRomanian
So in today's lecture, I'm going to talk about evolution before there were genes.
So, this is the genetic code and it's a remarkable code for many reasons.
The first reason is that a genetic code is universal.
We have the same genetic code, as jelly fish.
We have the same genetic code as corn, as pigs, as elephants.
Every animal has the same genetic code.
That's how we can do genetic engineering, which you've doubtless heard about.
We all have the same genetic code.
So take genes from a jellyfish, stick them in you, you'll glow green.
Isn't that great?
So you couldn't do that, if we had different genetic codes.
So that's the first attribute of the genetic code, that it's universal.
Now, there's a second one that really was only fairly recently discovered going back
about 20 years or so and this is the following.
The genetic code is extremely good at minimizing errors.
So let's suppose there's been a mutation, so the sequence in or
genome has been slightly screwed up.
Or let's suppose that the translation apparatus doesn't work very well,
makes a mistake.
You're going to get the long amino acid.
If you get the long amino acid, you'll get the long proteins.
If you get the long proteins, you'll die.
That's not good.
So wouldn't it be great if you had a genetic code that if you make a mistake,
the amino acid that you get is going to be pretty close
to the one you should have got.
And therefore, hopefully, it won't make too much difference.
So, guess what?
Our genetic code is pretty much as good,
as it can possibly be at minimizing those sorts of errors.
So it's really, really good at mitigating the effects of this kind of misreading or
this kind of mutation.
In some sense, we'll say then that the genetic code is optimal.
It's not truly optimal, but very, very close to optimal.
I want to answer the question now of how
it came to be that the genetic code had this structure?
Now you might just say, well, the genetic code is optimal, but how good is good?
How good is very good?
How likely is that to have arisen by chance?
Well, we knew the answer to that.
I can't explain to you in this lecture how we know it, but the probability of
this happening by chance is much less than one part in a hundred million.
So something happened, something special happened and
what happened was that the genetic code evolved.
In fact, it evolved before the last universal common ancestor.
It had to have evolved before the last universal common ancestor.
Because if it evolved afterwards,
we wouldn't be able to do molecular phylogeny to look at the translation
apparatus to deduce the existing of a last universal common ancestor.
So we know there was life before the last universal common ancestor and
we know that during that period of time when life was starting to sort of get
going, the genetic code evolved and it must've evolved very rapidly.
So 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago, we had a full functioning genetic code.
So question,
what evolutionary mechanism is there that can evolve things so fast that something
as complicated as the genetic code could evolve in a very quick timescale?
Well, I've already told you the answer in this lecture.
There's only one thing that can do it and that's horizontal gene transfer.
So, the same mechanisms that are causing the bacteria in your gut to evolve
rapidly and defeat the medical community's attempt to counter bacterial infections.
Those same generalized evolutionary mechanisms
gave rise to the evolution of the genetic code and
the evolution of the cell more than 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago.
>> Darwin shifted the question of evolution to the origin of species and
focused on the origin of species as in the title of this book.
Not big truth, not the big universal tree of life.
But Darwin argued in order to have a deep evolutionary by large and
deep evolutionary genealogy, that is classifying organism naturally in
terms of the way in which they evolved and the course of evolutionary history.
One had to distinguish between trivial characteristics and
the essential characteristics of an organism.
Again, Darwin's world was a world of plants and animals and
how you did this with animals was easy.
Well, it was not easy, but it was easy in the sense that there were morphological
traits that were deep in the organism.
So Darwin argued the best way to do it was to look at embryonic characters,
because those characters would evolve very, very gradually.
And they may, in fact, be stable, highly conserved in evolutionary time.
Whereas adaptations would be piled on top of these deep,
highly conservative developmental characteristics.
Well, none of that was available from microbes.
Microbes didn't have NPO's.
They didn't have great morphologies and the way in which one classified,
ever since Darwin was a comparative morphology.
So now we're caught in another false dichotom, just like the plant animal one
that we tried to group all of life into or one between the prokaryote and
the eukaryotes that we tried to group all life into,
even in our evolutionary concepts or conceptions of life on Earth generally.
We have this other dichotomy and that dichotomy is are you a Darwinist?
Or are you a creationist?
Creationist meaning that you invoke supernatural phenomena on Earth to account
for the course of evolutionary time that you don't believe we are of this Earth.
We're created in some other fashion, but not by natural processes on this Earth.
So, the problem with that dichotomy is that evolution and
Darwinism are conflated.
They're seen as one thing.
To pose the question, are you a Darwinist is to say, you are an evolutionist.
If I say, are you an evolutionist, the automatic response is you're a Darwinist.
And so what I'm saying is that we have to break away from that dichotomy,
because it's a false one and that we can be evolutionists without being Darwinist.
And we have to understand that our principles of evolution have to evolve and
they evolve with the data, and we've only got begun to have access, and
we're just scratching the surface of the great diversity in the microbial world,
and there may be other things afoot.
Like Carl Rose likes to talk about a cosmic evolution.
I mean, I've always believed that evolution is bigger than life,
way bigger than life.
You have evolution first and then you think about life.
And if that's true,
then we have to think of cosmic principles through which life is formed.
Life is not an accident.
>> So, I think a hundred years down the line,
people will know Woes' name,
just like we know Darwin's name a hundred years down the line.


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October 7, 2019 by ianaboyd
The weekend slate before the Red River Shootout is often a strange and overlooked one within the Big 12 conference. Even though Texas has been truly good in only one of the years since the exodus of Nebraska, Colorado, Missouri, and Texas A&M, it was clear when that happened that things were shaping up to make this into a leagued dominated by Texas vs OU. These are the two "blue blood' programs in this league that have the resources to consistently compete for championships and now they're both clicking at the same time.
Both Texas and Oklahoma also drew fairly weak draws in the weekend before the Shootout. Texas had to go on the road against West Virginia, which would have been terrible fortune in most seasons but Neal Brown's Mountaineers are still building that program and despite a strong showing they were ultimately plowed over. Oklahoma played at Kansas, which is often a sneaky tough game because teams in this league routinely go into that stadium without much enthusiasm or focus, but while that game is often tougher than teams would like…
…it's still virtually always a win.
We did get a few interesting games and strong matchups though. Iowa State predictably showed up strong hosting TCU with their own (the Cyclones) hopes of a Big 12 title on the line and whipped the Horned Frogs. Baylor welcomed Chris Klieman and his staff into the realities of Big 12 football with a 31-12 victory on the road in Manhattan. Finally, Texas Tech sent Oklahoma State fans crashing into a tailspin by picking themselves up from the dusting that the Sooners gave them to beat the Cowboys 45-35.
My assessment of Spencer Sanders once again bore out as he threw three picks. I'd also noted that the Cowboys were going to run the tread off Chuba Hubbard's tires if they kept up their current pace and he was evidently pretty gimpy by the end of this game, which was yet another 30+ carry day for him. I well recall the 2016 Texas Longhorns, who gave D'Onta Foreman five >29 carry games in a row down the stretch as Charlie Strong was fighting to keep his job. That hit its peak when he got 51 carries on the road against Kansas because Texas hadn't developed trust with any other skill talent on the roster and the Longhorns still went down. Six days later he got another 31 in a loss to TCU and that was it for Charlie.
I don't think Mike Gundy's job is in danger yet, nor should it be given the upside in coming seasons for his program with Spencer Sanders growing on the job. However, the Cowboys are likely facing a second consecutive season where they fail to meet expectations and the questions about Gundy's drive to keep up the grind in Stillwater are going to get really loud. As will the ever present frustrations with his recruiting efforts.
The fresh fish pool
One of the big takeaways I've had from the early Big 12 conference games has been which head coaches really understand the league they have found themselves in and which are in for the rough shocks.
Baylor's Matt Rhule is a fantastic test case in this whole thing. He came to Waco believing in being physical on both sides of the ball and introducing the HUNH spread teams to a taste of smashmouth football. Then his defenses were absolutely shredded for two consecutive years while even potent offensive performances regularly failed to allow the Bears to come out ahead in shootouts. Since then, he's been maintaining his beliefs in recruiting raw talent and fashioning them in a physical culture while adjusting his schemes and strategies to match the best practices in the league.
Here's a snapshot of where I think each coach is in terms of understanding and adapting to survive in the league in which they've found themselves in.
Things have been mostly positive for Wells and Tech to my eyes. David Yost understands the league and how to score points in it, Wells seems to understand the need to keep the ball in front of you and not try to attack every play. I think the win over Oklahoma State occurred in part because the Cowboys no-showed, but it was still a nice win for the Red Raiders.
When this team has developed some DBs and OL to play football the way Wells likes to play their ceiling will be much higher than it is now when he's trying to win with Kingsbury's roster. The new staff inherited a solid roster but not one with OL and defenders that had been chosen and developed to play their style. The execution against Oklahoma was truly sloppy.
Early assessment: I think Wells will probably prove effective at Tech, we'll know how things are going to go there when they have a TE and either a healthy Alan Bowman or Maverick McIvor at QB.
Neal Brown
As I expected, Brown's run game emphasis at Troy has given way to more passing game emphasis now that he's coaching Big 12 skill talent at receiver and QB. Texas took West Virginia's best shot, no doubt, it was homecoming and the Mountaineers best chance at a big signature win at home in Brown's first season as head coach. That shot had some weight behind it.
The Stills brothers at DT for the Mountaineers are pretty good, the overall WVU gameplan was smart for attacking Texas on both sides of the ball, and the physicality of the effort was there.
We'll see how they do at game planning opponents from week to week, many coaching staffs and teams can put together a good effort going up against a top 10 team at home off a bye week. Dana Holgorsen could scheme up how to isolate and attack defensive personnel on a weekly basis. However, at the very least Brown's ability to embrace the style and strategy of the Big 12 while maintaining a physical and balanced program in all three phases seems to be checking out.
Early assessment: This might have been the best hire, let's see if they can sneak in a signature win this year.
Chris Klieman
Klieman and his DC Scottie Hazelton definitely seem to understand how to defend Big 12 offenses. It's not as clear whether they know how to approach this league with their own offense. The Bears showed them some lighter fronts at times but would often forego the run game in order to try and attack with Skylar Thompson, who was 22-34 with 218 yards at 6.4 ypa, one TD, and one INT.
That's such a bizarre way to attack the Bears and it came a week after they took a similar approach with the Cowboys. Kansas State has a veteran OL, a few capable backs, and a bunch of big TE/FB types. It seems like they think that the strength of their team is spinning the ball around with Thompson, but while he's probably their best player there isn't the supporting cast to get things done that way. The receiving corps lacks a top line player and the pass protection saw him sacked six times by the Bears.
You'd have guessed that the struggle for K-State might be a lack of respect for Big 12 pass game potency and a stubbornness about trying to lean on the power run game in a league where you need to score early and often. Instead the D has been fine and the issue has been a hesitancy about trying to run the ball 30+ times every week and stealing wins by hammering some of the league's smaller defenses.
Early assessment: I'm not sure if Klieman has a plan for the offense or if he'll be able to adapt. The answer may be negative and he could still figure things out, but right now it doesn't appear that the Wildcats had a good feel for how to grind out wins with that roster.
Les Miles
The mad hatter has had the Jayhawks looking friskier than normal. Whether that's a natural progression due to multiple seasons of thankless work by David Beaty or a result of Miles instituting better fundamentals and habits is hard to say. Of course Miles has already moved on to yet another offensive coordinator. He missed his initial hire when he got a better opportunity elsewhere and ended up hiring fellow Les, Koenning, to run the offense while also stacking the support staff with FCS offensive wunderkind Brent Dearmon. This guy became a FCS head coach insanely quickly, after working as a championship HS coach and then an analyst at Auburn, so Miles savvily got him into the program before his range of opportunities surpassed the chance to work at Kansas.
At times Miles has seemed old, past due, and eager to cash in with his various media appearances. However, he has the Jayhawks 2-4 and competing hard despite an abysmal roster. I'd say the jury is out here until we see what kind of recruiting class he brings in and how the offense develops under Dearmon's management.
Early assessment: Miles is almost doing the "David in Gath" act right now, appearing insane while quietly lining things up in Lawrence to give the Jayhawks a chance at becoming a respectable program. This is almost certainly an easy cash grab for Miles, who has half the family on the roster, but he's not sitting back making comfort hires but seems to be giving this as good a go as he knows how.
The biggest winner was pump fake Purdy and the Iowa State Cyclones, who totally whipped TCU and re-established themselves as potential contenders in the Big 12. Getting down 0-2 in league play would have crushed that dream but instead they were able to mix in smart doses of PFPurdy running (12 carries for 102 yards and two scores) and throwing to TEs (two TD strikes to that group) in order to finally translate their offense into red zone success.
The Cyclones get a road-heavy slate over the next few weeks that will test their consistency but it's pretty manageable if they can continue to finish drives with points. They'll travel to West Virginia and Texas Tech before facing Oklahoma State at home. Then if they are still in the mix they'll get @Oklahoma and Texas at home in the decisive month of November.
It's very difficult to cover up the Cyclones in the red zone when they mix in good POP pass concepts to the TEs with the QB run game.
Here's Iowa State running what appears to be tight zone on the goal line with pass options on the perimeter:
The Frogs cover up the two split receivers and the outside safety is keen to protect against a QB keeper while PFPurdy stares him down. Then he pulls the ball and makes the nonchalant toss to the TE who's slipped past and is all alone in the end zone.
Here's one where they pack in tight for the direct snap QB run:
QB power with a nice hesitation move by PFPurdy to win the edge against the free defender. Notice how the Frogs double the side with the double TEs and the single receiver as the Cyclones often throw POP passes that way or hand off to the RB going in that direction. Instead ISU hits the weak side with power (literally).
Another winner was Tyquan Thornton, who is officially a rising star in the Big 12 conference. You knew coming into the season that Denzel Mims would likely be a centerpiece to the Baylor offense this season, but the common assumption was that the Bear run game would be the other main facet.
The Bears did find some creases with the run game against K-State, but Tyquan Thornton has been the 2nd most dangerous component to the offense overall. Check out how smooth and skilled he is on this scramble drill:
At 6-3, 176 he's pretty much all legs and not particularly thick anywhere. He's best as a downfield weapon, which points to one weak spot for the Bears down the stretch.
Eventually Baylor will be challenged by teams playing off and daring them to maintain drives by running the football. Texas will approach them that way, perhaps Oklahoma State and Texas Tech as well. You want to maintain safety help over Mims and Thornton, unless you have an ace cover corner or cover nickel/safety, but if teams play sound deep coverage can the Bears maintain drives throwing underneath to RJ Sneed or handing off?
The Bears get Tech at home next, then @Ok State, WVU at home, @TCU, and then back to back home dates with Oklahoma and Texas. Tech will be interesting if the Red Raiders can play the OU gameplan with some discipline. Texas will test the theory I laid out above, Oklahoma will test whether the Bears have the depth to make it till November.
There's really just two teams that look like they have a shot at really being in the conversation for the Big 12 championship come November that aren't Texas or Oklahoma, those are Iowa State and Baylor. The Bears have the tie-breaker in that game, over the next few weeks we'll see if these two teams have the consistency to stay in the hunt.
The worst case scenario, in terms of a fascinating Big 12 season, would be a final finish that looks something like this:
Texas: 8-1
Oklahoma: 8-1
Baylor: 6-3
Iowa State: 5-5
TCU: 5-4
Ok State: 3-5
Tech: 3-5
WVU: 2-7
K-State: 2-7
Kansas: 2-7
Not much intrigue down the stretch in this scenario, just everyone waiting around for the Texas-OU rematch and possibly wondering if the winner will be included in the playoffs.
Btw, the playoffs are almost assuredly going to go:
SEC champion
SEC West runner-up
Clemson, B1G champion, B12 champion
The SEC WILL get two teams in, the best bet is that whichever of Alabama and LSU gets into the championship game will have a chance to be one if they can beat Georgia or Florida and then the other (LSU or Bama) will get in by default. Then it's just a matter of which two teams out of the above three have the best resume. I don't think any Pac-12 team will be able to get a resume together for inclusion, nor Notre Dame unless they're 11-1 and the everyone else has lost twice.
Obviously Ohio State is a heavy favorite to be one of these teams with the way they're playing right now, although they have a tough schedule this year. Clemson hasn't looked that great yet but they play in the ACC and have a lot of margin to figure all of this out. It's quite possible that neither Texas nor Oklahoma will have a great playoff resume and that they'll be primarily playing for the Big 12 title, we'll know more after the Shootout on Saturday.
Posted in: Big 12 football Tagged: Baylor Bears, Chris Klieman, Iowa State Cyclones, Kansas State Wildcats, Les Miles, Matt Rhule, Matt Wells, Neal Brown, Pump fake Purdy, Red River Shootout, Tyquan Thornton
System Poster
I have a bad feeling about what Brewer, Mims, and Thornton are going to do to our secondary with Adrian Frye, Desmon Smith, Thomas Leggett, and Evan Rambo all likely out. With a week to craft a game plan targeting true freshmen Alex Hogan and Dadrion Taylor (who played running back in high school), Baylor should be able to do some damage. Also speaks poorly to Spencer Sanders and/or Sean Gleason's ability to adjust that they were only able to target the receiver those guys were covering once, which resulted in an easy touchdown.
ianaboyd
That's a lot of injuries, I'd be worried too.
Sanders literally can't read the defense to save his life.
This offense is as simplistic and dumbed down as it can possibly be, and he's still missing reads, staring double covered receivers down, and turning the ball over.
Sanders wowed a lot of people against Oregon State and I saw warning signs. At this point, I don't even know if his ceiling is all that great. I disagree that there's reason to be optimistic about future seasons for OSU. If anything, I think there's reason to worry.
Highly rated QBs bust all the time.
He has unreal physical talent though both throwing and running. He's only going to understand defenses and the offense better with time.
You should recall this player from back in the day named Vince Young who was more physically dominant but also had some similar limitations.
For sure. My response is pointed to everyone whose gripes lie with the staff. They can't simplify the offense any more than they already have.
I hope you're right. As an OSU fan I sure hope you're correct! Disappointing there likely won't be overlap between prime Sanders and Hubbard/Wallace.
I'm pretty pleased with WVU's showing. The defense looked very good for 3 quarters despite being hosed with some really short fields.
The offense looked Big-12ish for the first time all season. Of course the 4 picks tempers the excitement. SP+ said it was a tossup, I don't think it was that close but it was clearly a competitive ball game.
The big question is whether WVU can replicate that effort 7 more times, especially after losing 2 of its top 3 receivers during the game (James is questionable for this week, Ryan is out for a while). If it can, every non-OU game is more of a tossup than likely loss. I feel a lot more optimistic after this loss than I did after the win at Kansas.
I don't know how many games WVU will manage to win this year and I'll be interested to see if Neal Brown and his staff can keep putting together great gamelans like that one without a bye week and visiting top 10 team to amp everything up. But overall I think he looks like a great hire so far.
I would be shocked if the sec runner up gets in over a conference champ with the same record. There isn't really a precedent for it. The only time the sec runner up also got in was a difference in record.
Not the SEC runner-up, the SEC West runner-up, who I'm guessing will be 11-1 with a loss to whoever wins the SEC West.
Let's say Alabama is 11-1 with a loss to Auburn that puts the Tigers in the SEC title game. Then Georgia beats Auburn. So we get Georgia and Bama in the playoffs. Or, let's say LSU is 11-1 with a sole loss to Alabama. Then Alabama beats Georgia in the SEC title game, I bet LSU is also in.
The precedence for this situation was set in 2017-18 and 2011.
Which is why I loathe college football outside of the Big 12.
Please expand to 10 ASAP

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11.1. The purchaser of a ticket supplied by Ultimate Party B.V. must behave as a good and orderly visitor of events and must abide by the instructions issued to him or her by or on behalf of the organizer of the event to be visited as well as by the competent authorities.
11.2 Ultimate Party B.V. will not be liable for any refusal by the organizer of an event or by the public authorities to admit the purchaser of a ticket supplied by Ultimate Party B.V. to an event as a result of actions and/or negligence on the part of the purchaser.
11.3 The purchaser of a ticket attends an event at his or her own risk. Ultimate Party B.V. will not be liable for any damage incurred by the purchaser during the journey to and from the event or while attending the event.
11.4 The purchaser of a ticket supplied by Ultimate Party B.V. must inform him -or herself of the instructions issued by or on behalf of the organizer of the event or the competent authorities relating to it, including any changes concerning the event, such as starting time, etc. Ultimate Party B.V. has no obligation to provide the purchaser of a ticket with further information in this regard.
12.1 If one or more of the provisions in these Terms and Conditions or any other agreement with Ultimate Party B.V. are in conflict with any applicable legal regulation, the provision in question will lapse and be replaced by a new comparable stipulation admissible by law to be determined by Ultimate Party B.V.
12.2 The law of the Netherlands applies to all agreements entered into with or concluded by Ultimate Party B.V. Any disputes arising directly or indirectly from these agreements will be exclusively settled by the Court of Amsterdam.


Olga Peters, granddaughter of Josef Stalin, said today she and her mother have been told not to discuss reports she will resume studies in England.
"We're not allowed to talk to the press or say anything about this at all," Olga, 14, told Associated Press by telephone. She did not say who had told her not to discuss her plans.
The teen-ager reportedly is preparing to leave for the new school term that begins April 16 in England. But when asked when she might leave, she said, "I really don't know myself."
She also wouldn't say whether her mother, Svetlana Alliluyeva, plans to leave the Soviet Union.
The two are staying at the Sovietskaya Hotel, where the government puts up official foreign guests and other VIPs.
Last week, British Embassy officials said they issued a visa for Olga to study in England, where she attended a Quaker-run school for 18 months before her mother, saying she was disillusioned with the West after 18 years there, brought her to the Soviet Union in October, 1984.
Western media reports have said recently that Alliluyeva has become unhappy in the Soviet Union and wants to return to the West. The U.S. Embassy in Moscow said diplomats had been in contact with Alliluyeva but declined to say why.


Like a tasty sip of pineapple juice, the Royal Hawaiian is smooth and sweet, with just the right amount of punch.
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Hurricane Florence began hammering the North Carolina coast Thursday, with heavy surf pounding the Outer Banks and barrier islands, as the storm's surge drove seawater over some beaches and past oceanfront homes.
The storm was downgraded from a category 4 Thursday to a category 2, but its massive size, and the storm surge it is bringing with it was expected to hammer the coasts of North Carolina, South Carolina, and perhaps even Georgia.
Forecasters said it appears the storm will make landfall somewhere around Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, which sits just east of Wilmington.
Millions of people have evacuated to inland communities as the storm churns westward.
Images of fishing piers at Atlantic Beach, North Topsail Beach, and Emerald Isle showed waves pounding the wooden structures.
Experts are warning people that the most serious threat posed by Florence might just be the massive amount of water it is expected to leave in its wake, from the storm surge that could exceed 13 feet in some areas to a deluge of rainfall that may hit 40 inches in certain pockets.
Inland cities and towns will not be spared from the storm, with anywhere from 5-20 inches of rain forecast to fall in many parts of North and South Carolina. Surrounding states like Georgia, Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, and even Pennsylvania will receive heavy rain at the end of the weekend and into next week as well.
Hurricane-force winds extend up to 80 miles from the center of the storm, which is expected to make landfall around 8:00a EDT Friday.
The storm has slowed down and is forecast to travel across South Carolina after it makes landfall. It will then ride the jet stream and turn Northeast.
Nearly 1,200 flights have been canceled because of the storm.
Millions of people could lose power across North and South Carolina.
AccuWeather's President Dr. Joel N. Myers said the damage and economic impact from the storm will likely be measured in the tens of billions of dollars.
Not everyone in the low-lying coastal areas in Florence's path have heeded warnings to evacuate.
The town of Carolina Beach is only 5 ft above sea level, which will be no match for the expected storm surge of 13 ft or more.


text:
Joe Biden slammed by editor of democratic socialist magazine: 'A Biden victory is not preordained'
Democrats should continue attacking former Vice President Joe Biden in hopes that the party will adopt more progressive stances needed to beat President Trump in 2020, the founding editor of a democratic socialist magazine argued.
Writing in The Guardian, Jacobin Magazine editor Bhaskar Sunkara called for a Democratic nominee that would push a "real progressive agenda" rather than just attacking the president.
"Simply pointing to the Trump administration and saying 'this is not normal' won't be enough to rally people into the voting booth," he wrote in an op-ed published Wednesday.
Sunkara's call came as some warned intraparty divisions could weaken Democrats' chances at beating Trump — the one priority around which the party seemed to clearly coalesce.
KARL ROVE: 2020 DEMOCRATIC HOPEFULS ENGAGED IN 'TWO-FRONT CIVIL WAR'
Biden, the frontrunner since before he formally announced he was entering the race, took a decidedly anti-Trump tone from the outset but has received criticism for not being progressive enough on certain issues.
According to Sunkara, attacking Biden would help "break the myth of Biden's 'electability.'" And, Sunkara argued, even if Biden beat out Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., and other progressives for the party's nomination, criticism could force the party to adopt a more progressive platform.
"Although he seems to believe so, a Biden victory is not preordained. He could conceivably get edged out by a candidate, like Sanders, bold enough to offer a genuinely alternative vision for America – not just shielding us from the nightmare of Trump, but providing us with aspirations for the future," Sunkara said.
"Even if Sanders loses the primary, this strong anti-Biden stance might force the Democratic party to adopt more progressive positions that would actually help its chances against Trump.
2020 DEM JOHN DELANEY WARNS OF PARTY'S 'INTOLERANCE' AMID AOC SPAT OVER 'MEDICARE-FOR-ALL'
"Not only is Medicare for All popular, but 60% of Americans support free college and a majority back a jobs guarantee. Big ideas to solve our social problems – and efforts to make the rich pay for them – are popular. Whoever challenges Trump will need to start adopting them."
Biden, on Wednesday, released a costly climate change plan that seemed at least partially to be an attempt at warding off progressive criticism. After his staff indicated in May that Biden sought a middle way on the issue, Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., took a veiled shot at his moderation.
She, along with others, has proposed a more aggressive "Green New Deal" which Biden's camp cited as a 'crucial framework" for addressing climate change.
But just as Biden pushed his climate plan, he faced even more friendly fire over his stance on abortion. His fellow 2020 Democratic candidates vehemently denounced the Hyde Amendment — a decades-old law that blocks federal funding from going towards most abortions — after Biden's campaign said he supported the measure.
NEW 2020 POLLS: BIDEN TOPS TRUMP IN MICHIGAN, EDGES AHEAD IN TEXAS
While it's unclear how that position will affect Biden in the polls, it seemed to represent the first major rift in a field focused on defeating the president.
His stance also appeared to prompt both Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y., and New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio to suggest he wasn't qualified to serve as the party's nominee.
"If you don't support repeal, you shouldn't be the Democratic nominee," De Blasio tweeted on Wednesday.
Author Feed EditorPosted on June 6, 2019 Categories Fox News, News FeedsTags 3e509fcb-636a-5409-b4a5-714eb66247b8, article, fnc, fnc/politics, Fox News, fox-news/entertainment/media, fox-news/person/joe-biden, fox-news/politics/2020-presidential-election, fox-news/politics/elections/democrats, Sam Dorman
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What factors influence the time it takes to find a buyer?
Price is probably the biggest factor. If the condition of your home is equal to others currently for sale in your area, and you're offering comparable terms, you can expect that it will sell in about the average amount of time your Realtor® gives you. If you want or need it sell it more quickly, you may want to consider adjusting your price downward slightly to present "a better value" to a buyer. Buyers do some comparison shopping before deciding and they will perceive greater value in your home if it is priced even just slightly below the price suggested by a Comparative Market Analysis.
Terms offered are another factor which may be adjusted to attract buyers. If your home is priced at its "market value", consider offering to pay a portion of the buyer's closing costs. Another option might be to make sure it will qualify for FHA or VA financing, even if that requires you to make minor changes or improvements. By doing so, you will reduce the amount of down payment a buyer will have to make and attract more first-time buyers. Your Realtor® can suggest other "terms" which may also help attract buyers in your specific locale or even a whole new group of potential buyers.
The Condition of your home alone can sometimes prompt a fast buying decision from an anxious prospective buyer, concerned that it may be "snapped up" because it is so desirable. Consider investing in attractive and currently popular upgrades and cosmetic improvements before putting it on the market. A good place to start is the outside; its "curb appeal" — a fresh coat of paint, a flawless roof and some neat landscaping can do wonders.
Inside your home, the biggest payoff is often in the kitchen and baths. Consider replacing "tired looking" kitchen appliances, flooring and countertops. Make the baths extra attractive with modern wallpaper, a new countertop or tile flooring. Scrub the tub and shower stall until they sparkle. A home that sparkles displays the previous owner's pride of ownership. That alone can instill confidence in a prospective buyer and trigger a quick sale.
The key, then, to a shorter selling time on your home is to offer a unique set of benefits to your prospective buyers. While Price, Condition and Terms are not the only factors, they are surely among the most important factors. Ask your Realtor® for advice if a quicker than average sale is your goal.
So you've decided to sell your home and you've been interviewing potential "Listing Agents." You've interviewed three and it's time to select the one you'll use.
Of those you interviewed, which one should you choose?
Do you pick the one that seemed sharp; who came to your door already knowing what your home was worth and it was more than you had hoped for? He even agreed that you should "start high — you can always reduce the price later if you need to." And, he claimed to have Buyers lined up just waiting to buy a home like yours!
The first Realtor® sounds almost too good to be true — and, he is. The truth is that he was engaging in a despicable practice called "buying a listing." He "buys" your listing by suggesting that you can get a higher sales price than a reputable agent would suggest. He may know your home will not actually sell at that price, maybe not even close to it. His intention from the start is to "get the listing now," tying up your home with his "listing contract" for the next 3, 6 or more months. Then, after few, if any, prospective buyers have seen the home, he'll talk you into lowering the price.
Or, do you pick the third one that required two visits; the first to tour your home making notes on its features, strengths and weaknesses and who asked a lot of questions. Then, she came back for a second meeting to give you a recommended selling price — perhaps a bit lower than the price offered by the hot-shot or the second agent neither of whom had even seen the home before announcing what it was worth.
The third Realtor® also spent time explaining her "marketing plan" for your home, not necessarily with a snappy presentation, but with facts and commitments. She pointed out, that contrary to common opinion, her job is not so much to sell the home herself, although she'd love to do that. But as your "Listing Agent," her primary job is to make sure all the local area Realtors® who deal with Buyers know about your home and its features. She will do that by holding a "Brokers Open House" and providing each of them with a brochure on your home so every Realtor® would remember this home. In addition to the Brokers' Open House, she offered several other ways she'd put your home in front of the widest possible number of prospective Buyers. Finally, she explained how important it is that the home be accurately described in Multiple Listing Service (MLS) so Realtors® looking for homes to show their clients will identify your property as a good value with all the right features.
In a nutshell, your Listing Agent's job is to multiply the number of people working to sell your house by enlisting every other Realtor® in town, especially those who deal mostly with Buyers.
is experienced at selling homes in your neighborhood.
is honest enough to admit that one cannot give a reasonable estimate of the value of a home until he or she has toured the home.
takes the time to document an honest comparison of your home to others that have sold recently and those currently on the market.
has a clear and comprehensive "marketing plan" for your home.
is someone with whom you feel comfortable discussing one of the most important decisions you can make.
However, if you been a renter for quite a while, you may not be aware of the steps involved in acquiring a home mortgage. This report will give you some important tips to make the purchase of your first home a much more pleasant and successful experience.
During the pre-qualification process, you'll learn if there are any potential problems in your credit history. This, of course, assumes that you are truthful with the mortgage professional. telling fibs or leaving out important facts isn't smart. You may sneak something past during a pre-qualification, but everything will come out before you get to closing. So, if your credit isn't spotless, be honest about it. Your mortgage professional may be able to help you clear up the problem or, at least, deal with it up-front rather than later at the final mortgage application when suspicious eyes will wonder why it wasn't disclosed at the outset.
Review your credit report carefully with your mortgage professional. It is not unusual for non-payments to be listed that are not even yours. Your mortgage professional can help you address problems up on the credit report. Sometimes, just a simple letter to the creditor explaining the circumstances will rectify the situation. But, credit repair can also take months, so start early. To learn more about your "credit score," be sure to also read our article entitled What is My Credit Rating.
As a first-time homebuyer, the biggest mistake you can make is believing that you can save money by not using a Realtor�. Buying a "For Sale by Owner," home, known in the trade as a FSBO, seldom gets you the best price or the best protection regardless of the claims made by the Seller. Many FSBOs are selling it themselves because no Realtor®: would list the home at the price the Seller thinks its worth. The Listing Agent for a home may tell you that he or she can represent both you and the seller fairly (that means really representing neither of you). While that can be true, it's generally better to be safe rather than sorry. Consider using a Realtor® who agrees to represent you and you alone, as "your Buyer's Agent." Particularly on your first home purchase, you want all the representation on your side that you can get. You may also want to read our article entitled Should I Use a Buyer's Agent.
Probably the worst thing that can happen after buying a home is to find out that you need to sell it again within a year or two. If you must sell a home before its value has had a chance to appreciate enough or cover selling costs and commissions, you can put your yourself and your family in a bind. This is especially true if you buy a home with a down payment was less than 10% of the purchase price.
Your selling real estate commission may average about 6% and other closing costs can add another 1.5% to 2%. So, unless the home appreciated in value by more than at least 8 – 10% while you owned it, you may lose all or a portion of your down payment or worse, you may need to "write a check" to close on the sale. To be safe, make sure your plans include staying in your new home close to 5 years before you'll need or want to sell it.
There is a federal law called RESPA, which stands for Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act which gives you certain rights that you ought to know about. RESPA requires all lenders to disclose information to potential customers throughout the mortgage process, by doing so, RESPA protects you as a borrower from abuses by lending institutions. RESPA mandates that lenders fully inform borrowers about all closing costs, lender servicing and escrow account practices, and business relationships between closing service providers and other parties to the transaction. For more information on RESPA, go to the RESPA website or call (800) 569-4287 for a local RESPA counseling referral. Your Realtor® will also be able to help you understand rights under RESPA.
Like most other areas, the quality of mortgage professionals and the program they offer varies significantly. Don't immediately settle on the first lender you talk to. Shop around at least as much as you would if you were buying a car. Don't settle on one until you feel you can completely trust the professional and the company he or she represents.
Before you even think about looking for a home, get pre-qualified by a mortgage professional. Pre-qualification is free. It's simple, and it gives you a definite advantage in the buying process. Sellers like to know they're negotiating with a party that can go through with a deal once it's agreed to. They'll often accept a little lower offer when they know the buyer is pre-qualified. Further, the pre-qualification process will clarify your financial situation, and give you a good indication of how much home you can afford. This will help you avoid wasting time and the aggravation that comes from looking at homes you cannot afford.
Fixed Rate – where the interest rate will stay the same for the life of the mortgage.
Two-Tier Rate – where the interest rate may be low for the first several years and then convert to either a fixed or variable rate at later point in time.
There is nothing particularly good or bad about any of these. You just need to understand them and see how they fit with your situation.
You are going to see a lot of homes before you find the one that's right for you and each one will be different. To avoid being "swept away" by all the features and amenities there are in some homes, do yourself and your Realtor®: a favor. Make a list of the items that are "must haves" and another of "wish list" items and give it to your real estate agent. It will help him or her identify homes to show you. You can change the list as you go along, but just having it in writing in front of you will help keep you focused and on-course to finding the right home for you and your family.
Don't make big purchases or move money around before applying for a mortgage. Approval of your mortgage depends, in part, on the ratio of your income to current debt. Buying a new car or a home theater system could put your debt ratio over the limit. Similarly, during the approval process, the mortgage broker will review your "sources of funds." It helps if your checking, savings and investment accounts remain stable and in the same place while you're getting a mortgage commitment and searching for a home.
Following the steps above and enlisting the assistance of a professional Realtor® will make buying the "home of your dreams" and ending the "rent rat-race" a much more pleasant and rewarding experience.
Expired Real Estate Listings have been the near exclusive domain of real estate agents for as long as I can remember. Top producing agents know that expired listings don't require a lot of effort to get yet yield a high return on their time and money invested in marketing them. And all you must do to find them is log into your MLS system enter the dates that you're interested in and presto there they are.
The days of exclusivity may be ending as buyers and investors are competing for those same expired listings. They too are starting to realize that expired listings offer special opportunities for them as well but instead of listings they get to bid on properties that are suddenly off the market and may be reduced by at least the cost of the real estate listing fee which is no longer in effect because it expired too.
Buyers and sellers are at a distinct disadvantage when it comes to expired listings they don't have easy access to the MLS system. They can't just log into the MLS system they don't have access to it.
Instead they must be a little more innovative. Some sign Buyer Broker Agreements whereby they hire and pay agents to help them buy real estate. And since the agents will get paid by the buyer they can then expand the properties shown to their prospective buyers to include expired listings real estate listings fsbos and even properties that are actively listed in MLS systems.
Suddenly buying options for buyers and investors expand threefold. Agents are now free to show them almost any property on the market and the Buyer Broker contract ensures that they'll get paid.
The concept is a little unorthodox and is not utilized by many but those that do know about it are finding that there are more buying options than they would otherwise have.
My first Buyer Broker experience was as an agent and it was a wonderful experience. At the time I was struggling to pay gas to usher clients around town to look at houses only to have them walk away without buying anything or go on to another agent and buy something.
And what was so good about it is that I got a pretty sizeable nonrefundable retainer fee so if they had walked away I would have felt adequately compensated for the time spent with them. But I didn't have to worry about that because they ended up buying a home and I got a full fee for my services.
So, listen up buyers and investors. If you're looking for a great deal you might want to seriously retain an agent to search expired real estate listings for you which can in some instances be as good as buying foreclosures. Sellers are motivated to get their properties sold and are likely to be very happy to work with your agent to negotiate a sale.
For all you agents out there. A Buyer Broker contract to find expired listings can open a new channel of possibilities. So, what are you waiting on?
Visit Real Estate Whitefish to learn more about expired real estate listings and other lead generating strategies.
You can find all the available Columbia Falls real estate listings, search Columbia Falls homes for sale, and get lots of insight about the Columbia Falls real estate market at Real Estate Whitefish.
Get instant access to a lot of relevant information about Columbia Falls, Montana County, MT real estate, including property descriptions, photos, maps and Columbia Falls demographics You can also use the map view to find homes and apartments for sale based on amenities in Columbia Falls, Montana County, MT that you may want close by. There's information on the Columbia Falls, Montana County, MT real estate market at the bottom of search results pages, if you're looking for an overview of the area. With Real Estate Whitefish Search Console, you can easily browse through Columbia Falls, Montana County, MT single family homes for sale, townhouses, condos and commercial properties, and quickly get a general perspective on the real estate prices. If you are buying or selling land in Whitefish, Columbia Falls, Kalispell or anywhere in the Flathead Valley, Tom is an experienced Whitefish real estate lawyer who will help you decide whether a Warranty Deed, Quit Claim Deed, Special Warranty Deed or another type of Deed is the best for you.
If you are buying or selling land in Whitefish, Columbia Falls, Kalispell or anywhere in the Flathead Valley, Wink Jordan is an experienced Whitefish real estate broker who can help you through the entire process by reviewing the buy-sell contract, title commitment, settlement statement, deed, bank loans, seller financing, trust indenture, mortgage, easements, surveys and road and well agreements. You can find all the available Kalispell real estate listings, search Kalispell homes for sale, and get lots of insight about the Kalispell real estate market at EXIT Realty Flathead Valley Our dedicated real estate agents focus on meeting all your real estate needs and exceeding your greatest expectations while you're looking for property in Kalispell. You can find all the available Flathead County real estate listings, search Flathead County homes for sale, and get lots of insight about the Flathead County real estate market at Real Estate Whitefish.
We have locations in both Whitefish and Columbia Falls and have been serving our real estate clients in all the Flathead Valley sub-markets for over 20 years. Lindsay Fansler has Whitefish Montana real estate listings of homes, land, and commercial properties for sale in the Whitefish area. Real Estate Whitefish provides buyers and sellers with outstanding real estate service in the cities of Whitefish, Kalispell, Columbia Falls and Bigfork, as well as throughout the state of Montana.
Real Estate Whitefish Search Console has Flathead County commercial real estate properties including land for sale, gas stations, multifamily homes, hotels, shopping centers, farms, retail space and office space for sale or for lease. Columbia Falls offers the second-lowest price point in the Flathead Valley, behind Kalispell with a median home value of $239,000. Sales inside the Kalispell city limits, representing nearly 30 percent of the Flathead market, increased 14.5 percent in 2014, and the median price increased 6.3 percent to $177,500.
With the Real Estate Whitefish Search Console, you can easily browse through Flathead County, MT single family homes for sale, townhouses, condos and commercial properties, and quickly get a general perspective on the real estate prices. With 5,241 people, 2,047 houses or apartments, and a median cost of homes of $215,502, Columbia Falls real estate prices are well above average cost compared to national prices. Browse through our real estate listings in Columbia Falls, MT. Browse photos, watch virtual tours and create a "Favorites" account to save, organize and share your favorite properties.
You can search all available MLS listings in Columbia Falls including single family homes, apartments, townhouses, and many other types of properties, as well as find information about Columbia Falls such as schools and nearby amenities like restaurants, banks, airports and shopping centers. Columbia Falls Montana real estate offers residential homes, and commercial properties, as well as acres of land. Below are 6 Columbia Falls commercial real estate listings out of over 500,000 total properties available on.
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Renowned for its Indie, Rock and Soul gigs, The Forum was built in 1934 and was originally an Art Deco cinema. Balcony and free-standing areas are available. Admission is by ticket only. They also have a snack bar and are also licensed to sell alcohol.
Is The Forum your business?


Another one of hubby favorites. I never make it with onions because I am allergic, he also said that leftovers with onions would be a very strong taste the next day and drowns the delicate sauce flavor. So I added them as an option for this recipe and leave it up to you!
We prefer a thick crust so I double the recipe of the crust and make it thicker!
optional: 1 onion diced, 1/4 cup celery, 1/2 cup mushrooms, 1/2 cup broccoli, any of these can be added in addition of in place of the above.
In a large fry pan, add oil to heat on medium hot, add garlic, chicken saute till browned. Mix in the canned vegetables, seasonings, soup, sherry and chicken broth and set aside.
Place all ingredients in the food processor and pulse till this forms a soft dough Refrigerate wrapped in wax paper 1/2 hour.
Place dough on the bottom of pan, fill. Roll out a top and cover. Crimp edges with a fork then make fork tine marks poking evenly on top for venting purposes while cooking.
Bake on 400 degrees, brush top with one beaten egg yolk, make slits on the top and cook till nicely browned on top around an hour.
A gorgeous chicken pot pie! The crust must be really crumbly and melt-in-mouth delicious.
Simply lovely. Such a good reminder. Haven't had this for such a long time already.
Claudia, This yummy looking pot pie is a wonderful way to use that turkey from thanksgiving. The crust looks so good.
I love pot pie, and haven't had one in years. This one sounds perfect!
I don't know why I quit eating them. Funny how some foods get left behind until someone reminds you!
Last weekend, I was going to make Chicken Pot Pie and Annette convinced me to make beef stew instead. I have been craving the pot pie every since, now you go and rub this in my face. I think this weekend a chicken pot pie us gonna happen.
I love pot pies! I am so craving some now!
Beautiful--and chicken pot pie is one of my favorite dishes, ever.
So delicious and comforting, perfect for this cold weather!
This brings me back to my childhoods. I'd also forego the onions - and double the sherry!
Chicken pot pie is also a favorite in my house. The double crust sounds like a great idea. So yummy!
As long as I can remember, I've liked chicken pot pie, even the frozen ones as a kid. Yours has me wantinmg one right now.
An old-fashioned chicken pot pie, looks very appealing.
This is soooo gorgeous - I could see it in a cookbook!
Looks amazing!! I've been searching for a really great chicken pot pie & I'm also a huge fan of the crust -- perfect recipe!!
Delicious looking pot pie Claudia! I love the crust also; it's great when mixed with the pie gravy. MMMmmmmmm... now I want this. Immediately.


Well, not really. It was California.
15 years ago yesterday I married my beautiful pafuts. And I'd do it all again. Twice.
Aha! I know who that is!
My gosh, has it been that long? Congratulations and love to all of you!
And I'd do it all again. Twice.
But that's my limit, dammit! Three times should be enough for anyone! If she asks me to marry her a fourth time, I'm out of here!
Happy anniversary - a day late!
Happy anniversary, guys! :) Hope you have a fantastic day to celebrate.


text:
Home F1 Two penalties for Max Verstappen, none for Lewis Hamilton Red Bull furious...
Two penalties for Max Verstappen, none for Lewis Hamilton Red Bull furious and claimed it's unfair
Max Verstappen was in the wrong at the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix. I'm not disputing that. But was Hamilton without blame?
Verstappen and Hamilton raced at the Jeddah circuit like it was the last race of the championship, and the winner would take all. It was combative, combustible, chaotic.
The first big one between the two was on lap 37 when, slipstreaming Verstappen into Turn 1 and using DRS, Hamilton had the better pace. He tried around the outside, both drivers off the track with Verstappen holding onto the lead and gaining metres.
Told to give the position to Hamilton or risk a penalty, Verstappen slowed so Hamilton could pass him but instead the Briton also slowed. Verstappen then braked, said to be a 2.4G stop and, second big incident, Hamilton hit the back of him.
Verstappen was given a five-second penalty for the first moment, and later a 10-second for the latter, deemed to have been driving erratically. Fair play to the first, the second though I don't agree.
Verstappen left Hamilton space on the inside to pass him as he had been told to do. Hamilton didn't come through, instead also slowing, so Verstappen slowed even further, and then Hamilton hit him.
Mercedes argued they hadn't had time to give Hamilton the message that Verstappen was giving him the position, but later in the press conference the reigning World Champion said "it became apparent he was trying to let me past…but before the DRS zone.
"So then it would have meant he would just DRS back past me coming through the last corner, followed me and then DRS-ed me into turn one. So that was the tactic."
The two had their third and last moment on lap 43 when Verstappen tried to pass Hamilton around the outside, and the Briton forced him off the track. FIA race director Michael Masi said that was "borderline black-and-white warning flag" with Red Bull of course feeling aggrieved that no penalty came from that. Seems a bit unfair in light of Verstappen's earlier penalty.
With one race to go, winner takes all in Abu Dhabi, think the one thing every Red Bull and Mercedes fan can agree on is that the gloves are well and truly off.
Could Lap 37 in Jeddah be one of the defining moments of the season? 🤯#SaudiArabianGP 🇸🇦 #F1 pic.twitter.com/vfrLzUVJW9
— Formula 1 (@F1) December 5, 2021
Jon Wilde
Are Red Bull entitled to feel aggrieved? No, I don't think they are. This appeared to be a case of you reap what you sow.
It's inescapable that Lewis Hamilton was faster than Max Verstappen in Saudi Arabia, as he had also been at the two previous races. And equally clear that Verstappen, as at Interlagos, would do everything to try and keep the Mercedes behind him.
Those strongarm tactics resulted in the Dutchman being penalised for three separate incidents, all of which were of his own making. It simply comes down to Verstappen's MO – do what is necessary in the moment and deal with the consequences later.
The only way Red Bull could reasonably feel aggrieved would be if Verstappen's race had been severely compromised when Hamilton ran into the back of him when offered the lead to avoid a penalty, but Max was not exactly blameless there – as the stewards ruled afterwards .
Ultimately, the most important thing was that the right race result played out in Jeddah, Hamilton finishing first and Verstappen second for the third consecutive race, setting up exactly the climax to the season all neutrals would have wanted.
Finley Crebolder
Hamilton wasn't squeaky-clean in Saudi Arabia, but given how his opponent raced, it's hard to blame him for fighting fire with fire.
Sure, if he was playing completely fair, he would have passed Verstappen when the Dutchman slowed down instead of staying behind to ensure he had DRS rather than his rival for the main straight.
The Red Bull man was deploying identical tactics himself though, wanting to give up the place there so that he could take it back immediately.
When he didn't get his way at first, he slammed on the brakes to try and force the Mercedes to go past him, and that's what caused the two to come together, not Hamilton's hesitance.
Trying to give your rival the lead at a spot on the track that suits you more than him is fine, but trying to make him do what you want him to by slowing dangerously in front of him isn't.
Opting not to go ahead when given the opportunity was maybe a little naughty from Hamilton, but nothing out of the ordinary really, and it's hard to criticise him for it.
After all, Verstappen had already twice broken the rules to stay ahead of him at that point, so it's understandable that he responded by dabbling with the dark arts – not breaking any rules – himself.
Ultimately, all is fair in love and war, and while there isn't much love out there, this is very much a war now.
Henry Valantine
I felt Christian Horner's words in the fallout of Verstappen and Hamilton's battle at Interlagos were indicative that they felt Verstappen might have got away with one with his aggressive defence down at Turn 4.
Likewise, accepting Michael Masi's 'offer' of starting behind Hamilton at the second restart, having run him off the road at the first, was another show that they know deep down they knew their driver was in the wrong on that occasion – knowing that if the stewards got involved, the punishment could have been harsher.
For all Red Bull say and do to try and cast blame on Mercedes, the fact they had to then instruct Verstappen to let Hamilton by again shows they know the Dutchman is very much on the limit of legal racing at best – and he only has himself to blame for it.
Because of that, I can't say I have any sympathy for Red Bull at the moment.
He appeared to come back towards the middle of the track before braking, so all he needed to do was stay to the right to make it clear he was moving over, and avoid the confusion that followed.
I see no issue with Verstappen's gamesmanship getting straight back past Hamilton after letting him by at Turn 27 later on though. That was a clever piece of driving on his part, but the verdict of a five-second penalty coming through for the supposed 'brake test' moments later felt like that ingenuity went unrewarded.
Given what happened beforehand, it was easy to see why Hamilton decided to pretty much run Verstappen off the road when he eventually was allowed by, but that doesn't exempt him from criticism at all in that case.
To look more widely about the World Championship for a second, though, Sunday's chaos only served to make me worry for how things will play out in Abu Dhabi.
As Jon alluded to, Verstappen showed once again that he'll do anything he can to avoid being passed, then work out any fallout later on. As he's ahead in the standings due to having more victories this season, this does make me wonder what might happen if they're at close quarters again at Yas Marina.
Let's hope it plays out fairly between the two of them and we get the ending this monumental season deserves.
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When his newborn son arrived home, Collishaw became preoccupied with disinfecting the flat, involving killing bugs and insects that had made their way inside.
He began printing laser images of these flattened creatures by placing them into 35mm glass slide carriers. This process graduated to desktop scanners where he could directly scan the crushed insect.
The scan resembled nothing at first, but Collishaw would look for facets of an image that could be manipulated into something identifiable.


(10/30/18 4:00PM) While calling in to Matty & Nick on WAAF, investigative journalist Michelle McPhee is reporting that Whitey Bulger had met a very brutal end. "Some of my sources said that this was a monsterous attack, and that there was an attempt to actually go at his eyes." says McPhee.
According to McPhee, sources tell her that the 89-year-old wheelchair-bound Bulger was "ripped apart."
The infamous mob boss James "Whitey" Bulger, who was able to elude capture for 16 years, has been reported by multiple souces to be killed the day he arrived at a West Virginia prison. Bulger was 89 years old.
Bulger was being transferred to USP Hazelton in Bruceton Mills, WV. He was originally located in a Florida prison and had stopped in Oklahoma City along the way to WV. Bulger's attorneys declined to comment on why he was being transferred, though someone familiar in his transportation said that his health was declining.
Bulger was convicted of many crimes such as extortion, conspiracy, racketeering, money-launering, drug dealing and murder. In August 2013, the jury of his sentencing believed that he was involved in 11 of 19 murders. Bulger was one of the most wanted criminals in America before he was captured in Santa Monica, CA in 2011.


These two beautiful people, Amy & Abhi, married on the weekend. It was a perfect warm Autumn day for their intimate ceremony in Melbourne, & they partied on at the most beautiful Ballroom Wedding Reception at The George Ballroom, St Kilda.
With amazing food & whiskey by the Damn Fine Food Group, a heart wrenching cake by Fig & Salt & florals by one of my faves Wild Daughter, a drop dead gorgeous gown by Georgia Young Couture and Amy wearing her Grandmothers wedding crown.


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Concerts by Music Celebrations
Presenting great music around the world
Category St. Patrick's Cathedral
Emmaus High School Women's Chamber Choir – April 2, 2012
Emmaus High School Women's Chamber Choir
Rita Cortez, director
1:00pm Recital
Saint Patrick's Close
Dublin 8 (map)
Paid admission to the Cathedral required (details)
Program scheduled to include
Sicut Cervus — Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Salmo 150 — Ernani Aguiar
Tota Pulchra Es — Maurice Durufle
Set Me As a Seal — Rene Clausen
I'm Gonna Wait on the Lord — Damon H. Dandridge
The Emmaus High School Women's Choir is an auditioned choir comprised of girls in ninth through twelfth grades. They are one of six choral ensembles in a program that involves three hundred students.
The Women's Choir focuses on singing a wide variety of repertoire from Renaissance to Twentieth-Century classical music. The girls perform regularly for the community in the Lehigh Valley area of eastern Pennsylvania. In April 2008, the Women's Choir was one of only twenty groups selected to perform at the Pennsylvania Music Educators Conference in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Ms. Rita Cortez is currently in her eighth year as choral director at Emmaus High School, after teaching in public and private schools for over twenty-five years. She earned a B.A. and a B.Mus. from Moravian College in Bethlehem, PA, as well as a Master's Degree in Music Education from Westminster Choir College in Princeton, NJ. Her groups have performed at Carnegie Hall and on international tours to Italy and Greece.
By musiccelebrations • Posted in Dublin, St. Patrick's Cathedral
Music Celebrations International produces hundreds of concerts each year around the world by top performing arts ensembles. Find concerts in your area by choosing from the cities listed below and check back often for updates. Better yet, subscribe to this site and have concerts updates delivered to your inbox!
Brockagh Resource Centre
Castalia Hall
Church for All Nations
Church of the Intercession
Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas
Congress- and Theater House
Dorfkirche Marienfelde
Franziskanerkirche
Liberty Theater
Minoritenkirche
National Museum of the Marine Corps
Notre Dame de Bon Secours
Paradise Village
Regents Hall
Schlesinger Center
St. Canice's Cathedral
St. Fergal's Church
St. Johann Church
St. Mary's Church of Ireland
St. Nicholas Old Town Square
St. Simon and St. Judah Church
Sylvan Theater
The Malton Hotel


text:
Centre Elementary School Hosts Open House On Sunday
Centre Elementary School, Cherokee County Board of Education, New Facility, Open House
The faculty and staff of Centre Elementary School hosted an open house event on Sunday afternoon to give the public a first hand look inside the brand new facility.
Centre Elementary School Principal Wes Neyman –
https://www.weisradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/WES.mp3
Construction of the facility began in April of 2019. The building features state of the art classroom facilities, a gymnasium which also serves as a certified storm shelter, a new library, cafeteria and new playground area. We had an opportunity to speak with Superintendent of Education Mitchell Guice about the completion of the facility –
https://www.weisradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MITCHELL.mp3
Superintendent Elect Mike Welsh said that this is something that the entire community should be extremely proud of –
https://www.weisradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/MIKE.mp3
The original building was constructed in 1929. One of the newer buildings on the back side of the campus will be used to house Pre-K in addition to other programs. The remainder of the original campus will be demolished at a later date.
The project was funded by the county one cent sales tax.


I am delighted that Shane O'Driscoll will be a guest speaker on our panel for Rising Stars @ our *2nd Annual General Counsel Summit* in London on 23 May hosted at the offices of CMS. Shane together with our other panelists will discuss their career journeys, lessons learned and leadership.
Senior Counsel at Apptio, Inc.
Shane is responsible for legal throughout the EMEA region for Apptio, Inc. a Nasdaq listed technology company. Shane started his career as a computer programmer specialising in network security. He then moved into risk management for a bank, where he spent a lot of time representing the tech team on legal issues. He became increasingly exposed to the legal side of corporate life which prompted him to retrain as a lawyer. Shane practised as a barrister for seven years, largely representing technology companies and then moved in house.
In Shane's current role at a fast growing software company, he advises on all manner of commercial, corporate and employment matters and all issues relating to data protection.
Shane is called to the bar in England & Wales and Ireland and is a fluent German speaker.


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The Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines are a set of protocols for conducting and reporting quantitative real-time PCR experiments and data, as devised by Bustin et al. in 2009. They were devised after a paper was published in 2002 that claimed to detect measles virus in children with autism through the use of RT-qPCR, but the results proved to be completely unreproducible by other scientists. The authors themselves also did not try to reproduce them and the raw data was found to have a large amount of errors and basic mistakes in analysis. This incident prompted Stephen Bustin to create the MIQE guidelines to provide a baseline level of quality for qPCR data published in scientific literature.

Purpose
The MIQE guidelines were created due to the low quality of qPCR data submitted to academic journals at the time, which was only becoming more common as Next Generation Sequencing machinery allowed for such experiments to be run for a cheaper cost. Because the technique is utilized across all of science in multiple fields, the instruments, methods, and designs of how qPCR is used differs greatly. To help improve overall quality, the MIQE guidelines were made as generalized suggestions on basic experimental procedures and forms of data that should be collected as a minimum level of reported information for other researchers to understand and use when reading the published material. Setting up a recognized and largely agreed upon set of guidelines such as these was deemed important by the scientific community especially due to the ever increasing amount of scientific work coming from developing countries with many different languages and protocols.

History

Original version developments
In 2009, an international group of scientists headed by Stephen Bustin collaborated to put together a set of guidelines on how to perform qPCR and what forms of data should be collected and published in the process. This also allowed editors and reviewers of scientific journals to employ the guidelines when looking over a submitted paper that included qPCR data. Thus, the guidelines were set up as a sort of checklist for each step of the procedure with certain items being marked as essential (E) when submitting data for publication and others marked as just desirable (D).

An additional version of the guidelines was published in September 2010 for use with fluorescence-based quantitative real-time PCR. It also acted as a précis for the broader form of the guidelines. Other researchers have been creating further versions for specific forms of qPCR that may require a supplementary or different set of items to check, including single-cell qPCR and digital PCR (dPCR). Appropriate adherence to the existing MIQE guidelines has also been overviewed in other scientific areas, including photobiomodulation and clinical biomarkers.

It was noted by Bustin in 2014 (and again by him in 2017) that there was some amount of uptake and usage of the MIQE guidelines within the scientific community, but there were still far too many published papers with qPCR experiments that lacked even the most basic of data presentation and proper confirmation of effectiveness for said data. These studies retained major reproducibility issues, where the conclusions of their evidence could not be replicated by other researchers, throwing the initial results into doubt. All of this was despite many papers directly citing Bustin's original MIQE publication, but not following through on the guideline checklist of material in their own experiments. However, some researchers have pointed out at least some success, with a number of papers being rejected by academic journals for publication due to failing to pass MIQE checklists. Other studies have been retracted after the fact once their lack of proper data to pass the MIQE guidelines was noted and publicly pointed out to the journal editors.

Tightening of guidelines
When setting up their new comparative qPCR systems titled "Dots in Boxes" in 2017, New England Biolabs stated that they had designed the data collection portion around the MIQE guidelines so that the data fit all the minimum parameter checklists in the protocols. Other scientific instrument companies have assisted in guideline compliance by purposefully tailoring their devices for them, including Bio-Rad creating a mobile app that allows for active marking of the MIQE checklist as each step is completed.

An overview of the 10th anniversary since the publication of the MIQE guidelines was conducted in June 2020 and discussed the scientific studies that had produced better and more organized results when following the guidelines. In August 2020, an updated version of the guidelines for the digital PCR method was published to account for improvement in machinery, technologies, and techniques since the original 2013 release. Additional guideline steps were added for data analysis, while also providing a more simplified checklist table for researchers to use. An RT-qPCR targeting assay was developed alongside Stephen Bustin using the MIQE guidelines for clinical biomarkers in December 2020 in order to identify the clinical presence of COVID-19 viral particles during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Guidelines overview
The MIQE guidelines are split up into 9 different sections that make up the checklist. These include not only considerations for doing the qPCR itself, but also how the resulting data is collected, analyzed, and presented. An important part of the latter is including information relating to the analysis software used and also submitting the raw data to the relevant databases.

Experimental design
Large portions of the guidelines include basic actions that would normally be included in experiments and publications regardless, such as an item for describing the experimental and control group differences. Other such information includes how many individual units are used in each group in the experiment. These two pieces are defined as essential for any study. This section also includes two desirable points, which are pointing out whether the author's laboratory itself or a core laboratory of the university or organization conducted the qPCR assay and an acknowledgement of any other individuals that contributed to the work.

Sample
The essential requirements that samples and sample material must meet includes a description of the sample, what form of dissection was used, what processing method was done, whether the samples were frozen or fixed and how long did it take, and what sample conditions were used. It is also desirable to know the volume or mass of the sample that was processed for the qPCR.

Nucleic acid extraction
For the process of extracting the DNA/RNA, there are a number of essential guidelines. This includes a description of the extraction process done, a statement on what DNA extraction kit was used and any changes made to the directions, details on whether any DNase or RNase treatment was used, a statement on whether any contamination was assessed, a quantification of the amount of genetic material extracted, a description of the instruments used for the extraction, the methods used to retain RNA integrity, a statement on the RNA integrity number and quality indicator and the quantification cycle (Cq) reached, and lastly what testing was done to determine the presence or absence of inhibitors. Four desired pieces of information are where the reagents used were obtained from, what level of genetic purity was obtained, what yield was obtained, and an electrophoresis gel image for confirmation.

Reverse transcription
The primary essential parts for this phase include detailing the reaction conditions in full, giving both the amount of RNA used and the total volume of the reaction, give information on the oligonucleotide used as a primer and its concentration, the concentration and type of reverse transcriptase used, and lastly the temperature and amount of time done for the reaction. It is also desirable to have the catalog numbers of reagents used and their manufacturers, the standard deviation for the Cq with and without the transcriptase being involved, and how the cDNA was stored.

qPCR target information
All of the basic information regarding the target is necessary here, including the gene symbol, the accession database number for the sequence in question, the length of the sequence being amplified, information about the specificity screen used such as BLAST, what splicing variants exist for the sequence, and where the exon or intron for each primer is. There are several desired, but not required information pieces for this section, such as the location of the amplicon, whether any pseudogenes or homologs exist, whether a sequence alignment was done and the data obtained from it, and any data on the secondary structure of the amplified sequence.

qPCR oligonucleotides
Creation of the oligonucleotides requires only two pieces of essential information: the primer sequences used and the location and details of any modifications made to the sequence. But there are several desirable pieces of data, including the identification number from the RTPrimerDB database, the sequences from the probes, the manufacturer used to make the oligos, and how they were purified.

qPCR protocol
As one of the primary segments of the guidelines, there are several essential parts on the checklist for the qPCR process itself. This includes the full set of conditions used for the reaction, the volume of both the reaction and the cDNA, the concentrations for the probes, magnesium ions, and dNTPs, what kind of polymerase was used and its concentration, what kit was used and its manufacturer, what additives to the reaction were used, who manufactured the qPCR machine, and what parameters were set for the thermocycling process. The only additional desired pieces of information are the chemical composition of the buffer used, who manufactured the plates and tubes used and what their catalog number is, and whether the reaction was set up manually or by a machine.

qPCR validation
In order to confirm the effectiveness and quality of the qPCR process that was performed, there are several actions and subsequent data that must be presented. This includes explaining the specific method of checking that the process functioned, such as using a gel, direct sequencing of the genetic material, showing a melt profile, or from digestion by restriction enzyme. If SYBR Green I was used, then the Cq of the control group with no template DNA must be given. Further essential data includes the calibration of the machine curves with the slope and y intercept noted, the efficiency of the PCR process as determined from the aforementioned slope, the correlation coefficients (r squared) for the calibration curves, the dynamic range of the linear curves, the Cq found at the lowest concentration where 95% of the results were still positive (LOD) along with the evidence for the LOD itself, and lastly if a multiplex is used, then the efficiency and LOD must be given for each assay done.

The extra desired information includes evidence given that qPCR optimization occurred by the use of gradients, the confidence intervals to show efficiency of the qPCR, and the confidence intervals for the entire range tested.

Data analysis
The final section of the guidelines involves information on how the analysis of the qPCR data was done. The essential parts of that include the program and program version used for the analysis, the method for how the Cq was determined, figuring out the outlier points in the data and how they are used or excluded and why, what results were found for the controls with no template genetic material, an explanation for why the reference genes used were chosen and why the number of them was chosen, the method used to normalize the data, how many technical replicates were included, how repeatable was the data within the assays, what methods were used to determine significance of the results, and what software was used for this part of the qualitative analysis.

It is also desired to include information on the number of biological replicates and whether they matched the results from the technical replicates, the reproducibility data for the concentration variants, data on the power analysis, and lastly for the researchers to submit the raw data in the RDML file format.

References

Further reading

Molecular biology
Laboratory techniques
Polymerase chain reaction

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The guides have been researched and written using experience from active projects and community groups around the UK. Each contains experience, advice and easy-to-follow charts and resources. As well as using the guides from front to back, people can also pick and mix the sections within that most support the work they do. With tried and tested methods as well as new ideas and experimental approaches, they will be of use to those already working in this area or those keen to start.


I am not running Leopard yet (I cannot run it till I either get a processor upgrade or a new Mac). I have Default Folder. Before I upgrade to Default Folder 4.06 I was wondering if Default Folder is actually needed with Leopard?
Yes, in the same way it's needed on previous system versions.


Episode Summary: Madara is puzzled by Naruto stopping Guys chakra from fading. Madara defends himself from Narutos punch with his remaining Truth-Seeking Ball, noticing an increase in Narutos power. With Son Gokūs chakra, Naruto creates a lava Rasenshuriken and attacks Madara and the tree with it, dodging Madaras Limbo: Border Jail. Narutos attack severs the tree, which appears to tell Madara to absorb it, which Madara does. Naruto takes Guy to Lee and Gaara. In Kamuis dimension, Sakura thanks Obito for saving Naruto, and Obito has a request for her. Sasuke frees Tobirama from Madaras black rods, Tobirama notices a change in him, and Sasuke asks if Tobirama can teleport him. Madara recovers from having absorbed the tree, telling Naruto he cant be defeated. Naruto picks up one of his fathers kunai, powering up with his own Truth-Seeking Balls, that he would not be alone, as Sasuke appears beside him... You are Watching Naruto Shippuden Episode 424 english subbed at Narutoget .more..
Thank you for Watching Naruto Shippuden Episode 424 at Narutoget! your number 1 website watching Boruto and Naruto Shippuuden online!


About this book: This book takes a foundational approach to the semantics of probabilistic programming. It elaborates a rigorous Markov chain semantics for the probabilistic typed lambda calculus, which is the typed lambda calculus with recursion plus probabilistic choice. The book establishes a Markov chain semantics and, furthermore, both a graph and a tree semantics. Based on that, it investigates the termination behavior of probabilistic programs. It introduces the notions of termination degree, bounded termination and path stoppability and investigates their mutual relationships. Path stoppability characterizes a broadened class of termination and allows for the computation of program runs that are otherwise considered as non-terminating. Lastly, the book defines a denotational semantics of the probabilistic lambda calculus, based on continuous functions over probability distributions as domains.


I am thrilled to welcome Rena's "Out of the Blue" litter which arrived on 7/8th August 2018.
Meet Cobalt, Teal, Mazarine, Cesious, Cerulean, Periwinkle,Watchet, Wedgewood, Zapphire and Prussian.
Five boys and five girls.
Leiborschy Teal Before Time. An extrordinary puppy, shone so brightly, but couldn't stay.