It was with more than passing curiosity I spent a decent time in Sands Expo at CES (Consumer Electronics Show) this year.
My wife had decided it was time to "refresh" our home, so I wanted to make sure we made the right smart moves.
First of all, there were about 200 smart home booths in the Sands, each with their own killer smart home solution and more scattered throughout the show.
Learning what was the best items to add to the "do it" list was difficult, especially since I'd never heard of 80 percent of these home-saving firms!
A few are already household brands but most were sorta', kinda' cool and others will probably follow but they weren't necessary for my home techie toys.
According to Intel, 68 percent of homeowners are confident that smart homes will be as commonplace as our smartphones within 10 years.
It's going to be difficult, at best.
Different Strokes – Smart home IoT means different things to different people, depending upon what they feel is more important to them. But almost universally, there is very little understanding of what the overall benefits of a smart home is and how it will benefit a family. It requires much more education to yield benefits (and sales).
If you live in one of the world's Silicon technology pockets, you're familiar with the term Smart Home and probably have one or two of the products.
But they sure aren't smart enough to multitask or help each other out.
Sure, there were plenty of smarthomes shown – Intel, CTA (Consumer Technology Assocation), CNet, LG and Samsung – but they were all done in their flavor.
In fact, we have a mish-mash of products from the leading players.
Image Leaders – Firms with the best consumer image also have the greatest influence on what people will buy and when. More importantly, the image places major emphasis on where the industry can and will go in the future.
But to really be a smart home, devices have to talk to devices, devices have to talk to servers, servers have to talk to servers, devices have to talk with users and servers have to talk to services.
Look beneath the glitz and promises and they all have different communications standards, different integration approaches and are built around different (often proprietary) infrastructure platforms.
Even the folks in the Lowe's booth couldn't explain how all of that stuff was going to be integrated in our house so they would all make our lives easier, richer, more rewarding.
Yes, we have standard electrical outlets in the house, standard water pipes, standard doors, standard windows and standard insulation. You know, standard stuff other standard stuff like HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning), stove, refrigerator, coffee pot, toaster, 4K UHD TV, computers, smartphones, home entertainment can work with.
But there's no standard for all of those marvelous smart home IoT solutions.
That's a deal breaker for most ordinary folks because the home represents one of the biggest investments we make in our lives, especially in California.
For the average family, the home accounts for 33 percent of our annual expenses; and for many, it's a helluva' lot more than that!
In his wide ranging opening remarks for CES, Gary Shapiro said the smart home products are going to save us time, energy and money.
A CNet study found that smart home products saved folks about $1,100 a year and 87 percent of the respondents said they made their lives easier.
My Pieces – With a firm lack of standards and direction for the smart home industry, people are left to gather the pieces they feel are necessary and important and then assemble them themselves. Until plug-and-play solutions are available, the industry must rely on techies who would buy anything new.
When you dig a little deeper, you find most of the smart home folks have their basic home security monitoring, smart door locks, "intelligent" thermostat, smarter irrigation, somewhat improved entertainment system and smarter lighting.
And they can check in with the house any time they want – from anywhere - with their smartphone or tablet to make certain everything is running smoothly.
However, unless you're just hellbent for replacing your appliances and window coverings, that's about it.
They all create a lot of data, send the information somewhere, talk to my smartphone and tablet through separate apps.
But between each other, not so much.
Despite these minor hiccups, Gartner and others say smart home devices will more than double by 2020.
Rosy Future – While the smart home market is projected by almost every research firm to have a healthy sales future, it means different things to different researchers; different companies and most important, different consumers. One size doesn't fit all.
Actually, it's less about the new hardware that is being shown and more about the software that is being designed in and connects to something else.
Take the new smart refrigerators with USBa nd WiFi that can soften your butter, weigh your portions, fill your water pitcher, tell you when certain foods are going bad and let you know when you're out of milk or other stuff.
Or, how about the alarm clock that connects to your coffee maker so your coffee is ready after you've taken care of certain things and are ready to wake up.
Or, the toaster that gives you just the golden brown toast or bagel you want with your coffee.
Yes, I suppose that makes your life better than getting off your arse and checking what's in the refrigerator or setting the coffee timer or smelling the burnt toast.
After all, if any of these appliances need a software update the manufacturer can automatically send you the enhancement so your new appliance lasts almost as long as the 10-year-old mechanical one you replaced.
Yep, this year it's all about the sophisticated, forward-thinking software that keeps you accurately informed about what is going on in your house and how the new stuff is making things better for you.
Of course, there are a few issues that need to be addressed.
All of the current smart devices send you their information to your smartphone or tablet; which, according to Ericsson, is going to be replaced by AI (artificial intelligence) and VR (virtual reality) headsets.
Wow, that's right up there with the demise of the PC, TV and radio.
And I don't know about you, but I'm not really keen on wearing a headset around the house.
I know I'd forget it was on when I took a shower and the wife is already a "little ticked" at how frequently I check my phone … just in case.
Then too, each of those smart devices is going to think that its information/message to me is more important than the other device's message; so in addition to the barrage from spam bots, my home devices will also be hollering at me for attention.
More important is the fact that all of these smart home devices rely on capturing and sharing information.
No one has exactly figured out what information is needed to ensure a pleasant user experience, an informed and happy user or what data shouldn't leave the house.
So we have another opportunity to have someone use your personal information to their advantage.
Security Concerns – The greatest deterrent to robust smart home equipment sales is the huge concern consumers have regarding privacy of their data and system/solution security. A lack of reliable, easy security will slow sales more than such minor things like lack of integration understanding and price.
iControl found that the biggest drawback to using more smart home devices was the fear of losing personal information.
Many of the CES exhibitors said they store this private data in their secure clouds, but you know how secure that is…right!
One firm recommended that you look for devices that use 128-bit encryption so even when the devices communicate between each other or to someone's cloud, it's so secure that governmental agencies will be left out in the cold.
While people like the idea of smart home devices that can save energy and money, the key to their success will be security and privacy, which is still a work in progress.
Protection of your personal data is vital, but just as important is the security of the various devices such as your smart locks, monitoring system.
The last thing you want is for folks to crack the home smart device code.


Kale has become the darling vegetable of the nutrition world. It is part of the Brassica group, which includes other cruciferous vegetables such as cabbages, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and broccoli.
When you see some of the stats on the kate, it is very easy to see why it has become so popular. It provides a nutrient-dense hit every time. It is packed with beneficial fiber, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin K, and magnesium.
Kale is also a rich source of antioxidant polyphenols (at least 45 different polyphenols), ranking higher than other Brassica vegetables. Polyphenols different protective properties are known for their protection against the effects of aging and also oxidative stress.
Kale may contain up to 200% of your daily vitamin C requirements. This makes it a powerful, natural antioxidant. Vitamin C is one of the main antioxidants that the body has and it is most concentrated in the adrenals. Vitamin C as an antioxidant also reduces the risk of atherosclerosis and other conditions related to oxidative damage.
Vitamin C reduces free radical damage caused by exposure to pollutants and helps to rejuvenate photo-damaged skin (excess sun exposure). It is an essential component in the production and maintenance of collagen and elastin, so it supports smooth skin.
It needs to be noted, however, that the levels of vitamin C and other nutrients in kale depends on the species, maturity, weather conditions and condition of the soil in which it is grown.
Kale contains the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, along with fantastic levels of beta-carotene which are all essential for good eye health and the prevention of eye conditions such as cataracts and macular degeneration.
Kale, along with other cruciferous family members, contains glucosinolates which are then converted to compounds such as isothiocyanates, thiocyanates and indoles. Regular consumption of kale and other cruciferous vegetables, to obtain adequate levels glucosinolates is associated with a reduced incidence of cancer.
These same cruciferous vegetables such as kale can also interfere with thyroid health due to the glucosinolate compounds in these foods. These foods are also known as goitrogens and can interfere with iodine metabolism. They do this by reducing iodine uptake and blocking the activity of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), which is needed for the conversion of T4 to active T3 in the thyroid. Care should be taken with people who may suffer from iodine deficiency or are suffering from any potential thyroid related conditions.
Kale also contains oxalates which can interfere with the absorption of calcium and may be implicated in the formation of kidney stones. If you are at risk of kidney stones, consult with your primary healthcare professional.
Kale is a good source of vitamin K – which needs to be monitored with people on blood thinning medications such as warfarin. We would advise that if you are someone on these sort of medication, seek out the advice of your primary health care professional before adding any new food rich in vitamin K to your diet.
1. Curly kale – probably the most common type of kale that can be found in most supermarkets and greengrocers. It has a pungent, almost peppery flavor that is very pleasant to the palate but if you prefer less bitterness, look for younger kale as leaves have a milder taste.
2. Lacinto kale – another popular type of kale also known as Tuscan kale or Tuscan cabbage (cavolo nero) or Dinosaur kale. Its leaves are narrow, dark green and wrinkly attached to a hard stem that should ideally be removed. It's flavorsome and mildly astringent.
3. Redbor kale – this is a very pretty looking kale with ruffled leaves ranging from deep red to purple color, sometimes with some shades of green. As well as cooking, Redbor kale is also used for its ornamental qualities in the garden and for garnishes.
4. Russian (Siberian) kale – this type of kale is harder to find but is equally beneficial and delicious, with flat, fringed leaves that look like large rocket/arugula leaves and range from green to red/purple shades. It's sweet and mild with traces of pepper and can be cooked in the same way as the other types of kale.
What is the difference between green kale and red kale?
The primary difference between the two is in the way they taste. Red Russian kale is said to have a much sweeter and delicate flavor compared to green kale. Therefore, sometimes it's an easier option to get your taste buds introduced.
Red kale nutrition is almost identical and both are great options for a nutrient-dense green leafy vegetable, packed with vitamin K, vitamin C and other antioxidants.
Fresh: From farmers' markets or supermarkets and – when possible – buy organic and local. Be on the lookout for the nice dark, green-colored leaves and moist (not hard and woody) stems. Kale is also relatively easy to grow if you have a little patch of soil.
Supplement form: You can get kale in a powdered capsule form, usually in combination with other dried greens. As always, we do not recommend you start any new supplement without consulting your primary health care professional first.
Store kale in a plastic storage bag, removing as much air as possible. Keep unwashed kale in the refrigerator for about 5-7 days.
Kale can be eaten raw or lightly cooked as this helps to preserve the antioxidants, polyphenols and beta-carotene content.
It's great in soups, stews, stir-fries, and salads.
You can make green smoothies, add it to a fresh salad raw or lightly sautéed with some butter, onion, and garlic.
Making kale chips by dehydrating the kale leaves is a great (and very moreish) way to eat kale. A dehydrator can be a great kitchen investment for getting in more fruits and veggies or preserving the harvest.
It is always usually best to remove the thick center stem, as this can be too tough to be enjoyable to eat.
To further enhance kale's phytonutrient content, sprinkle the leaves with lemon juice before cooking and let sit for a few minutes.


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The Rise of Antisemitism From the Left and the Right
Jointly offered by American Public Square at Jewell, JCRB | AJC Kansas City and Jewish Federation of Greater Kansas City
Union Station Kansas City | Regnier Extreme Screen
American Public Square at Jewell, JCRB | AJC Kansas City and Jewish Federation of Greater Kansas City were pleased to present: "The Rise of Antisemitism From the Left and the Right" which highlighted the increasing presence of Antisemitism in the U.S. and its unexpected sources.
The event was moderated by: Dr. Ethan Katz, associate professor, Department of History and the Center for Jewish Studies, UC Berkeley
Distinguished panelists included:
Ted Deutch, U.S. Representative (FL-22)
Jonathan Judaken, Wilson Chair in Humanities at Rhodes College
Batya Ungar-Sargon, deputy opinion editor, Newsweek
Eric K. Ward, senior fellow, Southern Poverty Law Center
Download the Program Guide
The following program highlight video was produced our partners at Flatland KC:
https://jcrbajc.org/resources/antisemitism-and-israel-resources/additional-resources-the-rise-of-antisemitism-from-the-left-and-the-right.html
https://unionstation.org/event/auschwitz/holly-huffnagle/
Ethan Katz was educated at Amherst College (B.A., History & French, 2002) and the University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.A., History, 2005; PhD, History, 2009). Since the fall of 2018, he has been associate professor of History and Jewish Studies at the University of California-Berkeley, where he is also the chair of the Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Jewish Life and Campus Climate.
Since the spring of 2019, he has been the co-founder and co-director of the Antisemitism Education Initiative at Berkeley. This effort, which has received national attention, brings together administrators, faculty, and leaders of the campus Jewish community to create a sustained program to combat antisemitism.
As part of the initiative, Katz and his colleagues created a training film, "Antisemitism in Our Midst: Past and Present," which has been widely acclaimed and is being adopted by educators across the country. Katz is also currently the co-chair of a Task Force of the Association for Jewish Studies on Antisemitism and Academic Freedom.
Event Panelists
Congressman Ted Deutch represents Florida's 22nd district, home to communities in northern Broward County and southeastern Palm Beach County in South Florida. Now serving his seventh term in the 117th Congress, he is the Chairman of the House Ethics Committee, a senior member of the House Judiciary Committee, and a senior member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, on which he serves as the Chairman of the Middle East, North Africa, and Global Counterterrorism Subcommittee.
Ted's priorities in the 117th Congress include promoting economic opportunity in South Florida, reducing the influence of big money in our elections, gun violence prevention, fighting for full equality for all, and advancing the security interests of the United States, Israel, and our allies.
Jonathan Judaken is the Spence L. Wilson Chair in the Humanities at Rhodes College. He has published more than 60 academic articles on the history of existentialism, anti-Semitism, racism, and post-Holocaust French Jewish thought. He has written, edited, or co-edited 6 books. He is the author of Jean-Paul Sartre and the Jewish Question (2006) and most recently co-editor of The Albert Memmi Reader (2020). He also curated two important recent academic discussions of anti-Semitism, a special issue of Jewish History (with Ethan Katz) on "Jews and Muslims in France Before and After Charlie Hebdo and Hyper Cacher" (September 2018) and the roundtable in the American Historical Review titled, "Rethinking Anti-Semitism" (October 2018). He is currently completing a monograph entitled, Critical Theories of Anti-Semitism: Confronting Modernity and Modern Judeophobia. He has published journalistic and op-ed articles on these issues in Ha'aretz, Inside Higher Ed, the Huffington Post, Tablet, Tikkun and the Forward.
Batya Ungar-Sargon is an award-winning journalist. Her work has appeared in the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Foreign Policy. She has served as the opinion editor of the Forward, and is now the deputy opinion editor of Newsweek, as well as the co-host of Newsweek's podcast, "The Debate." She has a PhD from Berkeley.
Eric Ward is a nationally-recognized expert on the relationship between authoritarian movements, hate violence, and preserving inclusive democracy. Eric brings over 30 years of leadership in community organizing and philanthropy to his roles as Western States Center's Executive Director and Senior Fellow with Southern Poverty Law Center and Race Forward. Since Eric took the helm in 2017, Western States Center has become a national hub for innovative responses to white nationalism, antisemitism, and structural inequality, towards a world where everyone can live, love, work, and worship free from bigotry and fear. In his 30+ year civil rights career, Eric has worked with community groups, government and business leaders, human rights advocates, and philanthropy as an organizer, director, program officer, consultant, and board member.
Ann and Ken Baum
Stanley J. Bushman and Ann Canfield
Nancy Cohn and Allan Katz
Beth and Steven Cole
Hall Family Foundation
Donna and Ward Katz
Ogletree Deakins
Plexpod
Karen and Steve Pack and family
Sue Seidler and Lewis Nerman
Mike and Kathy Rainen Trust
Marny and John Sherman
Earl J. and Leona K. Tranin Special Fund of the Jewish Community Foundation
William Jewell College
Ellice and David Vittor
Event Category: 2021

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Workplace injury insurance must be part of the Rana Plaza ...
Garment industry in Bangladesh
Workplace injury insurance must be part of the Rana Plaza legacy
By Gilbert Houngbo, ILO Deputy Director-General for Field Operations and Partnerships
Comment | 14 November 2014
Gilbert Houngbo, ILO's Deputy Director-General for Field Operations & Partnerships
In the 18 months since the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh, which killed over 1,100 garment factory workers and injured some 2,500 more, there has been a concerted effort to improve safety standards and working conditions in the country's ready-made garment (RMG) sector.
Brands and retailers joined the government and employer and worker organisations in Bangladesh, as well as multilateral organisations, international partners, regional institutions and global unions to address the immediate needs and the longer-term challenges brought on by the tragedy.
True, there have been frustrations and delays along the way. Raising sufficient funds for compensation payments has been slower and more complex than it should have been, for example.
But there have been positive changes. The Bangladesh Labour Act has been amended to strengthen fundamental rights, with improvements in relation to occupational safety and health, freedom of association and collective bargaining. As of the end of September, over 2,000 safety inspections have been carried out with some factories being closed permanently, while many others improved safety conditions.
The minimum wage for RMG workers has increased and the labour inspection system has been upgraded. Victims of the accident have received rehabilitation, training and counselling, to help them to regain employment and become self-sufficient again. And most surviving victims and families of those who died have been awarded compensation, with the claims process due to be completed over the coming weeks.
But for Rana Plaza to leave a lasting legacy, much remains to be done to ensure that the progress made thus far is sustainable and to achieve further improvements in occupational safety and health, working conditions, and respect for labour rights.
A lasting legacy of change
As we move forward, the focus needs to be on the better management of international supply chains across all sectors, with workers' safety and conditions at the heart of it.
Prevention is key but it is just as important to be prepared in case of future accidents. This can be done through an employment injury insurance (EII) scheme that spreads the risks across all employers at the national level. Such a scheme would provide an immediate response in terms of compensating those directly affected by workplace accidents.
These types of schemes are widely adopted across the world and provide reliable, low cost and no-fault accident compensation insurance for workers. Indeed, most countries that relied on commercial employer-liability insurance in the past have now converted their legislation to establish national EII schemes. This is because it is less costly to employers in the long run and no worker is left behind.
Most national EII schemes cost no more than 3 per cent of the total wage bill, which is a sound investment when compared to the potential reputational damage for companies and the impact on workers.
The Government of Bangladesh has shown keen interest to work with the ILO in setting up a national EII scheme. The ILO Convention on Employment Injury Benefits (No. 121) provides an internationally recognized normative reference to guide the government and social partners in designing national EII benefits and their delivery tailored to local realities.
What is needed now is the firm commitment of international partners, brands and retailers, alongside national counterparts, to help get a national EII scheme off the ground. Bangladesh could in turn provide a much-needed example for those other emerging export-oriented economies that do not have workplace insurance schemes in place.
The effective implementation of the Labour Act and a national EII scheme would ensure that Rana Plaza is not only remembered as one of the worst industrial accidents of its kind, but also a turning point for workers in Bangladesh.
Tags: hazardous work, international labour standards, health insurance, clothing and textile industries, occupational safety and health, occupational injuries
Regions and countries covered: Bangladesh
Syed Zakir Hossain
After Rana Plaza
Towards a safer garment industry in Bangladesh
Occupational safety and health country profile: Bangladesh
Latest ILO news on the garment industry in Bangladesh
Normative instrument
C121 Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964
ILO's Social Protection Department: Employment injury insurance (EII)
Progress Made and Challenges Ahead for the Bangladesh Ready-Made Garment Sector [pdf 1529KB]
newsroom@ilo.org


· Black and Decker Vibro Centric Valve Seat Grinder - Duration: 0:36. rw3dog 8,621 views. ... Ford Flathead V-8 Valve Seat Grinding - Duration: 5:36.
Black & Decker Valve Grinder Manual & Seat Refacer | … This manual covers the B&D 'Vibro Centric' Seat grinder Set and Type A, T, TC, TD Valve Grinders.
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Black And Decker Valve Grinder Manual 'No 550' Valve Grinder and 'Vibro Centric' Valve Seat Grinder Instruction Manual. It also has a nice parts.
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Topic: Fratelli Toso Millefiori Tumbler?
Re: Fratelli Toso Millefiori Tumbler?
The two vases that Charles has shown in post #4 have canes that are known to have been made by Effetre (after they took over (?) Moretti). One company that certainly used, and maybe still does use, those canes is Livio Campanella.
A search on the Board for Effetre and / or Campanella will locate several other threads relating to canes of that type. Unfortunately the lower level pages for the Effetre website are not currently showing so the canes cannot be viewed directly.
Post # 6 has canes that I do not recognise, but Anita's point about thin cane slices is very pertinent, to which I would add that the many straight edges when set together makes them look quite distinctive. But I do not recognise these from paperweight use.
It is a keeper -- Love it!!


Do you have an idea about Crescendo Music Notation Editor 1.00? This is the best composition software for the music lovers. This has got the free music notation in it along with the feature to compose and arrange the quality sheets related to the music in the professional bunches that will be using the wide array of symbols and notes of the music field. The multiple features in it will surely attract you like the facility to change the key as well as the time signature with which most of the music files are to be certified.
You have the flexible work environment in which you can add the complete set of music notes or else just the half or quarter or eighth or the sixteenth and so on notes to the music files. Also you have the wonderful feature of composing the music in the excellent treble or the bass or the C Clefs like the Alto or Tenor that will definitely be liked by the individuals. No matter how beginner you are in the field of music you will get to know the exact sharp, flat and the natural accidentals of the musical notes that you would like to include in the music files that are being created by you. You have still more to learn and explore with this software.


Erin's favorite bright cotton velvets with contrasting hand printed cotton bark cloth bands. These are literally gems for your sofa or bed. The softest velvet and exposed gold zipper make these the wow factor in any space. Designed to be mixed in to add texture and depth to any pillow collection. These are beautiful but not fussy so you can actually use them.


Trina Turk for Banana Republic is now available. Shop the fun destination-inspired collection, filled with bright printed tops, dresses and bikinis. Best thing: nothing's over $150. See the full collection at BananaRepublic.com and enjoy 25% off of your entire purchase of $150 or more, use code: BRSUMMER25. Ends 6/9/12.


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Practice Areas & Industries
Nov 13, 2019James Major Provides Insight in U.S. Supreme Court Amicus Brief
In an amicus brief submitted on behalf of the New York City Bar Association, James R. Major, D.Phil., an Associate of law firm Norris McLaughlin, P.A., argued before the U.S. Supreme Court that the federal Copyright Remedy Clarification Act, which abrogated state sovereign immunity in copyright suits, was unnecessary based on events around the time of ratification of the U.S. Constitution and on historical practice. Major and his team of Association members also argued that the Act was, in any event, within Congress' power to enact.
States are frequently immune from suit in federal court. In the brief, available here, Major and the team argued that the States surrendered any sovereign immunity to enforcement of exclusive rights secured by the Constitution's Copyright and Patent Clause according to the "plan of the convention," a synonym for the abrogation of the states' sovereignty around the time that the Constitution was ratified. During oral arguments last week, the petitioner's counsel asserted that the Copyright and Patent Clause's "text signals a plan of the convention waiver like no other in Article I." Subsequently, Justice Sotomayor asked "can you articulate what 'plan of the convention' means to you?" to which counsel replied "[a] plan of the convention waiver refers to some reflection that states were surrendering their back-dropped default sovereign immunity in a discrete respect as part of the constitutional convention . . . ." Therefore, counsel's arguments were consistent with Major and the team's brief.
About James Major
Major dedicates his practice to U.S. and foreign copyright, patent, and trademark matters. His doctorate in immunology and virology and over ten years' legal experience enable him to understand the patentability of new technologies, as well as the science and data required to secure and expand patent protection in light of new statutory subject matter requirements. Major is highly experienced in rendering patentability, landscape, freedom-to-operate, and invalidity opinions, particularly in the field of biologics. He also has patent and trademark litigation experience.
Major is exceptionally qualified in patent prosecution matters relating to small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, antibodies, chemical processes, formulations, industrial processes, beverages, genetically-modified plants, and methods of treatment. He has also published on patent and cannabis-related matters. He assists players in the emerging cannabis industry in the evaluation and securing of patents.
Major received his J.D., magna cum laude, in 2011 from New York Law School, where he was on the Dean's List and was a candidate for the Trustees' Prize for the highest average in the Evening Division. He was also Staff Editor of the New York Law School Law Review, a John Marshall Harlan Scholar, and a member of the Institute for Information Law and Policy. He received his Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Oxford in 2003 and his B.A. in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge in 1996.
Posted in: Intellectual Property, James R. Major, News | Tags: Intellectual Property, James R. Major
Sep 13, 2019Danielle DeFilippis and James Major to Speak on Liquor and Cannabis IP Issues
Danielle M. DeFilippis, a Member of law firm Norris McLaughlin, P.A., and Co-Chair of its Intellectual Property Law Practice Group, and James R. Major, D.Phil., an Associate of the firm, will co-present "IP Issues in the Liquor and Cannabis Industries" with Max Bookman, Attorney at Pesetsky & Bookman, and Stephen Konigsberg, General Counsel of Tikun Olam.
About the Presentation
The presentation, hosted by the Cardozo Intellectual Property Law Society, will be held Monday, September 16, 6:00 – 9:00 p.m., at Reservoir Bar in New York City. The panel discussions will be followed by a happy hour networking opportunity. One professional practice CLE credit is available to participants. For more information and to register, visit the Eventbrite page.
"This is a really important, and often confusing, topic for many in this industry. We are excited to join this panel and contribute our thoughts on the changing legal landscape," said DeFilippis. Major added, "Branding is critical in the cannabis and liquor space in view of the amount of composition among brands. We're happy to have been invited to discuss these important issues."
Danielle M. DeFilippis
DeFilippis focuses her practice on intellectual property, contracts, and litigation. She regularly serves as lead counsel in cases before federal and state courts, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and alternative resolution forums. She has handled cases involving trademark and copyright infringement, false advertising, commercial disparagement, business torts, deceptive trade practices, Lanham Act claims, state and federal unfair competition laws, and other business disputes. DeFilippis is an author for Norris McLaughlin's trademark, copyright, and unfair competition blog, More Than Your Ma®kTM.
DeFilippis has represented clients in a variety of industries, most notably, food and beverage, liquor, jewelry, cosmetics, sports, and entertainment. She enjoys working with both emerging and established food and beverage companies on brand development, clearance, counseling through the various stages of growth, and when the need arises, prosecuting and defending litigation. DeFilippis has been named to New Jersey Law Journal's 2019 list of "New Jersey Trailblazers" for her efforts in the food and beverage industry in New Jersey and for expanding those efforts on a global scale.
DeFilippis received her J.D. from Seton Hall University School of Law in 2004 and her B.A. from The Pennsylvania State University in 2001.
James R. Major, D.Phil.
Major dedicates his practice to U.S. and foreign patent and trademark matters. His doctorate in immunology and virology and over 10 years' legal experience enable him to understand the patentability of new technologies, as well as the science and data required to secure and expand patent protection in light of new statutory subject matter requirements. Major is highly experienced in rendering patentability, landscape, freedom-to-operate, and invalidity opinions, particularly in the field of biologics. He also has patent and trademark litigation experience.
Major has extensive experience in successfully prosecuting patents for genetically-modified plants, chemical formulations, and beverages. He has also published on patent and cannabis-related matters. Recently, Major was part of a team that submitted an amicus brief to the U.S. Supreme Court in connection with state sovereign immunity for patent and copyright matters. He assists players in the emerging cannabis industry in the evaluation and securing of patents.
Posted in: Cannabis Law, Danielle M. DeFilippis, Food, Beverage & Hospitality, Intellectual Property, James R. Major, News | Tags: cannabis law, Danielle M. DeFilippis, Food & Beverage Law, Intellectual Property, James R. Major
Jun 07, 2019James Major to Speak on the Cannabis Goldrush and the IP Landgrab
James R. Major, D.Phil., an Associate of law firm Norris McLaughlin, P.A., will be a panelist for "The Cannabis Goldrush and the IP Landgrab" on Tuesday, June 25, 6:00 – 8:00 p.m., at the New York City Bar Association.
The recent push to legalize cannabis in New York has caused a rush to lay claim to invaluable intellectual property. As the industry quickly evolves, there have been developments in legislation to protect financial institutions that service cannabis businesses, as well as patent infringement actions. The panel will discuss the progression of the U.S. cannabis industry, its intellectual property assets, the current regulatory environment at the state and federal level, and the potential branding and trademark issues that cannabis businesses may face. For more information and to register, please click here.
Major dedicates his practice to U.S. and foreign patent and trademark matters. His doctorate in immunology and virology and over 10 years' legal experience enables him to understand the patentability of new technologies, as well as the science and data required to secure and expand patent protection in light of new statutory subject matter requirements. He has significant patent prosecution experience relating to small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, antibodies, chemical processes, formulations, industrial processes, and methods of treatment. He is highly experienced in rendering patentability, landscape, freedom-to-operate, and invalidity opinions particularly in the field of biologics. Major can assist players in the emerging cannabis industry in the evaluation and securing of patents. He also has patent and trademark litigation experience.
Major received his J.D., magna cum laude, in 2011 from New York Law School, where he was on the Dean's List and was a candidate for the Trustees' Prize for the Highest Average in the Evening Division. He was also Staff Editor of the New York Law School Law Review, a John Marshall Harlan Scholar, and a member of the Institute for Information Law and Policy. He received a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Oxford in 2003, and a B.A. in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge in 1996.
Posted in: Cannabis Law, Intellectual Property, James R. Major, News | Tags: Cannabis Attorney, cannabis law, Intellectual Property Attorney, James Major, New York Cannabis Law, New York City Bar Association, New York Intellectual Property Attorney
Jan 16, 2019James Major to Present Webinar for American Intellectual Property Law Association
James R. Major, D.Phil., an Associate of law firm Norris McLaughlin, P.A., will present the webinar, "Patents and Tribal Sovereign Immunity." Hosted by the American Intellectual Property Law Association, the presentation will discuss the ongoing legal battle involving Allergan's patents covering the blockbuster dry-eye medication RESTASIS®. In 2017, the patents were purportedly—and controversially—assigned to the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe of Native Americans who asserted tribal sovereign immunity in a challenge to the patents in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Discussion topics will include the history of sovereign immunity, how it applies to Native American tribes and the associated legal issues, and how the Supreme Court may view the issues going forward.
The webinar is to be held 12:30 p.m. – 2:00 p.m. on Wednesday, January 23, on www.aipla.org, and will cost $95 for AIPLA members and $195 for non-members. To learn more about membership, e-mail AIPLA Member Services at membership@aipla.org. For more information and to register, click here.
Major received his J.D., magna cum laude, in 2011 from New York Law School, where he was on the Dean's List, and was a candidate for the Trustees' Prize for the Highest Average in the Evening Division. He was also Staff Editor of the New York Law School Law Review, a John Marshall Harlan Scholar, and a member of the Institute for Information Law and Policy. He received a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Oxford in 2003 and his B.A. in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge in 1996.
Major dedicates his practice to U.S. and foreign patent and trademark matters. His doctorate in immunology and virology, as well as over ten years' legal experience, enables him to understand the patentability of new technologies, as well as the science and data required to secure and expand patent protection in light of new statutory subject matter requirements. He has significant patent prosecution experience relating to small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, antibodies, chemical processes, formulations, industrial processes, and methods of treatment. He is highly experienced in rendering patentability, landscape, freedom-to-operate, and invalidity opinions particularly in the field of biologics. James can assist players in the emerging cannabis industry in the evaluation and securing of patents. He also has patent and trademark litigation experience.
Posted in: Intellectual Property, James R. Major, News | Tags: American Intellectual Property Law Association, Intellectual Property, Intellectual Property Attorney, Intellectual Property Law, James Major, patent law, patents, Sovereign Immunity, Supreme Court, United States Patent and Trademark Office, USPTO
Nov 30, 2018Norris McLaughlin Welcomes Associate to New York Office
The law firm Norris McLaughlin, P.A., is pleased to welcome James R. Major as an Associate. He joins the firm's Intellectual Property Practice Group, concentrating his practice to U.S. and foreign patent applications.
Major is exceptionally qualified in patent prosecution matters relating to small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, antibodies, chemical processes, formulations, industrial processes, and methods of treatment. He is highly experienced in rendering patentability, landscape, freedom-to-operate, and invalidity opinions. Major can assist players in the emerging cannabis industry in the evaluation and securing of patents. He also has patent litigation experience.
Additionally, Major is experienced in trademark matters, including preparing and prosecuting domestic and foreign trademark applications and advising clients on trademark strategies and registration procedures, as well as trademark opposition and cancellation proceedings. He also has trademark litigation experience.
Major earned his J.D., magna cum laude, in 2011 from New York Law School, where he was on the Dean's List, High Honors, and was a candidate for the Trustees' Prize for the Highest Average in the Evening Division. He was Staff Editor of the New York Law School Law Review, a John Marshall Harlan Scholar, and a Member of the Institute for Information Law and Policy. He received a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Oxford in 2003 and his B.A. in Natural Sciences, from the University of Cambridge in 1996. His doctorate in immunology and virology as well as over ten years' legal experience enable him to understand the patentability of new technologies, as well as the science and data required to secure and expand patent protection in light of new statutory subject matter requirements.
Posted in: Intellectual Property, James R. Major, News | Tags: Intellectual Property, IP law, James Major, New York, New York Attorney, New York law
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Thank you Gregory! I have been listening to your fantastic music, which brings me great joy, all year long and thinking of you each time.
i'm really in love with your music!
what would your charge be? do you have an agent .. (Save Me) is one of those songs ofcourse.
I hope that you are doing a lot of new songs that are as good as the previous one and live shows. I live in Finland and I hope that I can sometimes see you live out there in America.
I write this message because I like the band!
Actually, I discovered it minutes ago: after searching the name of the group who performed the GREAT song in SMALLVILLE – beautiful song!
Well, I knew that the vocalist? passedaway recently; too bad!
remembering slay… peace be with you.
not a day goes by I sing to myself "goodbye little world" it reminds me how precious yet insignificant we are. we impact each other's lives. amazing how it sums up in one song.
E-mail is above and my home number is the same, as when I worked with you guys.
I love you remy zero.
vivo en Chile y me encanta su musica y su estilo, muchas gracias por su música, quien me acompaña en todo momento de mi vida.
You must show the older albums, I wanted to have them in my collection. I've been looking in stores for a long time but I never found. The albums are "Waving", "Saint Genet" and "Chloroform Days".
How does it feel years later, my friends? Are you regretful for the fame that eluded you or grateful for the fame that you have? Are you aware of the hearts you stirred and of the souls you rocked?
Your band was greater than so many others that achieved more fame. But to those of us who heard you – really heard you, your music goes deeper inside us than they ever could.
As a creative person I can't imagine your genius. I can't imagine what it feels like to create sounds so inspiring.
We felt it all, just the way you intended.
I love the band's style, I live in Brazil and love the sound.


text:
\section{Introduction}

 Ground-based gravitational waves antennas form worldwide net of  large-scale detectors like LIGO~\cite{Abbott_2009,Harry_2010},
VIRGO~\cite{Accadia2012} and GEO~\cite{Grote2010}. Extremely high sensitivity of this detectors is limited by noises of
different nature.  In the low frequency range  (around $10$ Hz) the gravity-gradient (Newtonian) noise prevails, below $\sim 50$ Hz --- seismic ones, at middle frequencies ($\sim 50 - 200$
Hz) thermal noises dominate and in high frequency range (over $200$ Hz) photon shot noise makes main contribution. Next
generation of gravitational wave antennas (Advanced LIGO or aLIGO \cite{Harry_2010}, Advanced VIRGO \cite{advVIRGO})  and also third generation detectors (such as Einstein Telescope \cite{ET1, ET2}, GEO-HF \cite{GEO_HF} and KAGRA \cite{KAGRA}) promise by
compensation and suppression of thermal and other noises  to achieve sensitivity of Standard Quantum Limit (SQL)
\cite{1968_SQL,1975_SQL,1977_SQL,1992_quant_meas} for continuous measurement defined only by quantum noise.
SQL is the optimal combination of two noises of quantum nature: fluctuations of light pressure caused by random photon
number falling onto mirror's surface and photon counting noise.

Possible way to overcome the SQL is the usage of optical rigidity (optical spring
effect)~\cite{64a1BrMiVMU,67a1BrMaJETP,78BrBook,1992_quant_meas}. Recall optical rigidity appears in a detuned Fabry-Perot
interferometer --- the circulating power and consequently the radiation pressure became dependent on the distance between the
mirrors. It has been shown~\cite{99a1BrKhPLA,01a1KhPLA,01ChenPRD,02ChenPRD,05a1LaVyPLA,06a1KhLaVyPRD,2007_NiSaKa_PRD, M_Rakh} that
gravitational wave detectors using optical springs exhibit sensitivity below the SQL.

In case of single pump an interferometer utilizing optical rigidity has two subsystems: a mechanical one and
an optical one. Interaction between them gives birth to two eigen modes each of which is characterized by its own resonance
frequency and damping. For description of evolution one can make transfer from the conventional coordinates to eigen ones
and consider the evolution of the system as evolution of these (normal) oscillators~\cite{12a1RaVyPLA}.

Dynamics of complex system such as aLIGO detector can be considered on the basis of more simpler and well studied system --- Fabry-Pero resonator. Such equivalence is termed {\it scaling law}       \cite{scal}.
Fabry-Pero resonator with only one optical spring is always unstable because a single pump introduces either positive spring with negative damping or negative spring with positive damping~\cite{64a1BrMiVMU, 67a1BrMaJETP, 78BrBook,99a1BrKhPLA}. The obvious ways to avoid instabilities is
implementation of feedback~\cite{02ChenPRD}. Another way is utilization of additional pump \cite{08ChenPRD,2011_RaHiVy_PRD},
which has been investigated in details and proven experimentally with mirror of gram-scale~\cite{07CorbitPRL}.

DC readout, planned in aLIGO, means introduction of small detuning of arm length. Recall that Michelson
interferometer with balanced Fabry-Perot (FP) cavities in arms with power and signal recycling mirrors (aLIGO configuration, see
Fig.~\ref{aligo}) operating in dark port regime possesses  symmetric and antisymmetric  modes, laser pumps symmetric mode and no mean intensity appears in signal (dark) port through signal recycling mirror (SRM). In case of slightly detuned arms small mean intensity appears in signal port. This intensity is used as very stable local oscillator.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\begin{center}
		 \includegraphics[width = .85\linewidth]{./fig/aligo.pdf}
		\caption{
		Scheme of Advanced LIGO detector. PRM  (SRM) are power (signal) recycling mirror.
		}\label{aligo}

		\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{./fig/MSmembrane.pdf}
\caption{Michelson-Sagnac interferometer with Power and Signal recycling mirrors (PRM and SRM). Middle mirror with
amplitude reflectivity $R_z$ may move as a free mass.}\label{ms}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

The natural question is what {\em arbitrary} (not small) detuning in arms may give for stability. This question became interesting especially after paper of Tarabrin with colleagues  \cite{Tarabrin13} demonstrated possibility of stable optical spring in  Michelson-Sagnac
interferometer with movable membrane \cite{M-S1, M-S2, M-S3}. Analyzed interferometer with signal recycling mirror (SRM) but without power recycling (PRM) was pumped through power port \cite{Tarabrin13} --- similar configuration is shown on Fig.~\ref{ms} (but with PRM).  However, stability of optical spring was shown for relatively large detuning --- it means relatively
large power in signal port, which is not convenient in experiment.  Operation far from dark port regime additionally creates the problem of laser noises leaking into signal port --- it makes difficult application of these results to GW detector.

The aim of this paper is to analyze and to demonstrate stable optical rigidity in aLIGO (or Michelson-Sagnac interferometer
with PRM and SRM) a) pumped throwgh PRM, b) with arm detuning as small as possible (hence, small output power throwgh SRM).
This result may be applied not only to  large-scale gravitational-wave detectors~\cite{Khalili2010} but also to other
optomechanical systems like micromembranes
inside optical cavities ~\cite{Thompson2008} (see Fig.~\ref{ms}), microtoroids~\cite{Verhagen2012},
optomechanical crystals~\cite{Eichenfield2009}, pulse-pumped optomechanical cavities~\cite{Vanner2011}. In spite of the fact that optical rigidity, introduced into micromechanical oscillators, is relatively small as compared with intrinsic one \cite{M-S1}, it may be used for control and manipulation of its dynamics.

\section{Description of model}

We consider a gravitational-wave antenna aLIGO shown on Fig.~\ref{aligo},  amplitude transmittances of SRM  and PRM are
$T_s$ and $T_w$ correspondingly. Antenna consists of a Michelson interferometer with additional mirrors forming Fabry-Perot
(FP) cavities with mean distance $L$ between mirrors in arms which is much larger than distances $\ell$ between beam splitter
and SRM or PRM. Input mirrors have amplitude transmittance $T$ and masses $m$, end mirrors have the same masses $m$ and are
completely reflective. Input and end mirrors in arms may move as free masses. We assume that all mirrors are lossless. The
interferometer is pumped by laser through PRM.

 Recall dynamics of {\em pure balanced} interferometer (i.e. identical FP cavities in arms tuned in resonance with pumped laser) can be split into two modes: namely symmetric and antisymmetric ones. Each mode is characterized by optical detuning $\delta_w$ ($\delta_s$) and decay rate
$\gamma_w$ ($\gamma_s$) dependent on  displacement and transparency of PRM for symmetric mode (SRM for antisymmetric one
correspondingly). Here and below we denote detuning as difference between laser frequency $\omega_0$ and eigen frequencies
$\omega_{w,s}$ of symmetric and antisymmetric modes:
\begin{align}
\label{dwds}
 \delta_w &= \omega_0-\omega_w,\quad  \delta_s = \omega_0-\omega_s\,.
\end{align}
(In aLIGO PRM detuning $\delta_w$ is assumed to be zero, however, below we reserve possibility to vary it.)
The optical fields in the modes represent difference ($e_-$) and sum ($e_+$)
of the fields in arms respectively and carry information about difference ($z_-$) and sum ($z_+$) between lengths of arm
cavities:
\begin{align}
    e_\pm &=\frac{e_e\pm e_n}{\sqrt 2},\\
    z_\pm &= \frac{z_e\pm z_n}{2} ,\quad z_{e,n} \equiv x_{e,n}- y_{e,n},
\end{align}
(see notations on Fig,~\ref{aligo}). In turn, light pressure force may be devided into two part:  fluctuational one
responsible for fluctuational back action and regular part creating optical spring \cite{12a1KhDaLRR}. Below we analyze the
simplified case when sum mechanical displacement is fixed (for example, by feedback):
\begin{align}
    z_+ &=0
\end{align}

When FP cavities in arms are detuned by $\pm \delta$ symmetric and antisymmetric modes became coupled with each other. In this case detunings $\delta_w,\ \delta_s$ \eqref{dwds} and decay rates $\gamma_w,\gamma_s$ refer to partial modes.
As a result, the system is described by linear set of equations for Fourier components of fields $e_\pm(\Omega),\ e_\pm
^\dag(-\Omega)$ and displacement $z_-(\Omega)$:
\begin{widetext}
    \begin{subequations}
    \label{setEV1}
    \begin{align}
   	(\gamma_w -i\delta_w-i\Omega)\, e_+(\Omega) - i\delta\, e_-(\Omega) - \frac{ik}{\tau}\,E_-z_-(\Omega)
   		&= \frac{\sqrt{\gamma_w}\,g_p(\Omega)}{\sqrt \tau} 	,\\
  	-i\delta \, e_+ (\Omega) + (\gamma_s - i\delta_s -i\Omega)\,  e_-(\Omega)  - \frac{ik}{\tau}\, E_+z_-(\Omega)
  		& = \frac{\sqrt{\gamma_s}\,g_d(\Omega)}{\sqrt \tau},\\
  	(\gamma_w +i\delta_w-i\Omega)\, e_+^\dag(-\Omega) + i\delta\, e_-^\dag(-\Omega) + \frac{ik}{\tau}\,E_-^*z_-(\Omega)
   		&= \frac{\sqrt{\gamma_w}\,g_p^\dag(-\Omega)}{\sqrt \tau} 	,\\
  	i\delta  e\,_+^\dag(-\Omega) + (\gamma_s +i\delta_s-i\Omega)\,  e_-^\dag(-\Omega)  + \frac{ik}{\tau}\, E_+^*z_-(\Omega)
  		& = \frac{\sqrt{\gamma_s}\,g_d^\dag(-\Omega)}{\sqrt \tau}\,,\\
  	\hslash k\big\{E^*_+ e_-(\Omega)+ E^*_-e_+(\Omega) + E_+ e_-^\dag(-\Omega)+ E_-e_+^\dag(-\Omega)\big\} +\mu \Omega^2z_-(\Omega) &=0\, ,\\
  	\label{xi}
  	k\equiv \frac{\omega_0}{c},\quad \tau \equiv \frac{L}{c},\quad \mu \equiv \frac{m}{2},\quad E_- \equiv \xi E_+,
  	\quad \xi\equiv \frac{i\delta}{\gamma_s -i\delta_s},\quad  I_+&= \hslash \omega_0 |E_+|^2.
    \end{align}
    \end{subequations}
\end{widetext}
Here $\hslash$ is  Plank constant, $k$ is wave vector corresponding to laser wave frequency $\omega_0$, $c$ is speed of
light.  $E_\pm$ are mean complex amplitudes of symmetric and antisymmetric modes (excited by pump laser), $I_+$ is power
circulating in symmetric mode.  The right parts ($g_{p,d}(\Omega),\ g_{p,d}^\dag(-\Omega)$) in set describes zero fluctuational
fields incoming into interferometer through PRM and SRM. Details of notations and derivation are presented in
Appendix~\ref{app1}.

In spite of the fact that set \eqref{setEV1} is not convenient for analysis of sensitivity (because we have to recalculate
fields  $e_\pm$ into output field in signal port), however, it is convenient for optical rigidity analysis.

Following oscillations theory advises we rewrite \eqref{setEV1} introducing normal coordinates $b_\pm(\Omega), \ b_\pm^\dag(-\Omega)$ for e.m. fields and new (complex) eigen values  $\lambda_\pm$:
\begin{subequations}
\label{bpbm}
\begin{align}
 \big(-i\Omega -\lambda_+) b_+ (\Omega) -i z_-\left[\xi - \varkappa\right] &=0\\
  \big(-i\Omega -\lambda_-) b_-(\Omega) - i z_-\big[1+\varkappa\xi\big]& = 0,\\
   \big(-i\Omega -\lambda_+^*) b_+^\dag(-\Omega)
    +i z_-\left[\xi^* - \varkappa^*\right] &=0\\
  \big(-i\Omega -\lambda_-^*) b_-^\dag(-\Omega)  - i z_-\big[1+\varkappa^*\xi^*\big]& = 0,\\
   \label{f2}
  	\frac{b_+(\Omega)\big[ \xi^*-\varkappa\big] + b_-(\Omega)\big[1 + \xi^*  \varkappa\big]}{d}+
  	&\\
  	+ \frac{b_+^\dag(-\Omega)\big[ \xi+\varkappa^*\big] +
		+ b_-^\dag(-\Omega)\big[1 + \xi \varkappa^*\big]}{d^*} + &
		\frac{\Omega^2}{J_+} z_- =0\, ,\nonumber\\
    b_+(\Omega) =  \sqrt \frac{\hslash L^2}{\omega I_+}\left[ e_+(\Omega) -\varkappa e_-(\Omega)\right],&\quad \\
    b_-(\Omega)=  \sqrt \frac{\hslash L^2}{\omega I_+} \left[\varkappa  e_+(\Omega) +  e_-(\Omega)\right].&
\end{align}
\end{subequations}

Here we introduce the following notations:
\begin{align}
   \lambda_\pm &= -\left(\Gamma_+ \pm \Gamma_-\sqrt{1 + \Delta^2}\right),	 \quad
  J_+\equiv \frac{k I_+}{L\mu},\\
  \Gamma_\pm &\equiv \frac{ \gamma_w- i\delta_w \pm (\gamma_s -i\delta_s)}{2},
    \quad d\equiv 1+\varkappa^2,\\
    \label{kappa}
  \varkappa & \equiv \frac{i\delta}{\Gamma_w +\lambda_-}
	  =\frac{\Delta}{1 + \sqrt{1+\Delta^2} }, \quad
	  \Delta \equiv \frac{i\delta}{\Gamma_-}.
\end{align}
In set \eqref{bpbm} we omit fluctuational fields in right parts as we are interesting in {\em dynamic} behavior of system, i.e. in eigen values of determinant.

After substitution $(-i\Omega\to \lambda$) characteristic equation of set \eqref{bpbm} may be written in form:
  \begin{align}
   \label{ChEqDiff0}
    \lambda^2
	+\frac{\mathcal I_1\big[1+\alpha_1(\lambda+\tilde \gamma_s)\big]}{(\lambda +\tilde\gamma_s)^2 + \tilde \delta_s^2}
	+\frac{\mathcal I_2\big[1+\alpha_2(\lambda+\tilde \gamma_w)\big]}{(\lambda +  \tilde\gamma_w)^2 +\tilde\delta_w^2}
	  =0\,,
  \end{align}
  where we introduce the following notations:
  \begin{subequations}
  \label{I12}
  \begin{align}
    \tilde \gamma_{w,s} &\equiv -\Re \lambda_\pm,\quad
	  \tilde \delta_{w,s} \equiv \Im \lambda_\pm,\\
	\mathcal I_1 &\equiv  \frac{ 2J_+ \tilde\delta_s\,\Re\phi}{|d|^2}, \quad
		\alpha_1 \equiv \frac{\Im \, \phi}{\tilde\delta_s\,\Re\phi},\\
	\label{I2}
	\mathcal I_2 &\equiv  \frac{ 2J_+ \tilde\delta_w\,\Re\psi}{|d|^2},\quad
		\alpha_2 \equiv \frac{\Im \, \psi}{\tilde\delta_w\,\Re\psi},\\
	\phi &\equiv (1 + \xi^*\varkappa) (1+\varkappa \xi)d^*,\\
	\label{psi}
	\psi &\equiv (\xi^*- \varkappa) (\xi- \varkappa ) d^*\,.
    \end{align}
  \end{subequations}
  The form of equation \eqref{ChEqDiff0} is the same as for double pumped optical spring \cite{08ChenPRD,2011_RaHiVy_PRD}:
two fractions ($\sim \mathcal I_1$ and $\sim \mathcal I_2$) are similar to two optical springs created in two optical modes
pumped separately. This analogy has physical sense --- for imbalanced interferometer one pump excites two normal modes. This
analogy became more obvious when relaxation rates of symmetric and antisymmetric modes are equal  ($\gamma_w=\gamma_s$). In
this case the values $\varkappa$ and $\xi$ are pure real  and $\alpha_1 = \alpha_2 = 0$. Then characteristic equation takes the following form:
\begin{align}
\lambda^2
	+\frac{\mathcal I_1}{(\lambda +\tilde\gamma_s)^2 + \tilde \delta_s^2}
	+\frac{\mathcal I_2}{(\lambda +  \tilde\gamma_w)^2 +\tilde\delta_w^2}
	  =0
\end{align}

Note that practically the same set as \eqref{setEV1} is valid for Michelson-Sagnac interferometer shown on Fig.~\ref{ms}
--- see details in Appendix~\ref{app2}. In particular, the equation \eqref{ChEqDiff0} is valid after following
substitutions:
  \begin{align}
  \label{MSIa}
   \delta^2 &\to R_z^2 \delta ^2,\quad J_+ \to R_z^2 J_+, \quad \mu \to m,
  \end{align}
where $R_z$ is amplitude reflectivity of middle mirror, $m$ is its mass

  \section{Analysis}

 Eq.\eqref{ChEqDiff0} may be written in form  convenient for further approximation
 \begin{align}
    \label{ChEqDiff0b}
    D_1^{(0)}& D_2^{(0)} +D^{(1)}=0,\\
    D_1^{(0)}& = \big[ \lambda^2\big((\lambda +\tilde\gamma_s)^2 + \tilde \delta_s^2\big)
	  +\mathcal I_1\big(1+\alpha_1(\lambda+\tilde \gamma_s)\big],\\
    D_2^{(0)} & = \big[(\lambda +  \tilde\gamma_w)^2 +  \tilde\delta_w^2\big],\\
    D^{(1)} &= \big[(\lambda +  \tilde\gamma_s)^2 +  \tilde\delta_s^2\big]
	  \mathcal I_2\big(1+\alpha_2(\lambda+\tilde \gamma_w)\big).
    \end{align}

Underline that Eq. \eqref{ChEqDiff0b} is still exact characteristic equation. Mathematically its left part is a polynomial of
$6$-th degree relatively variable $\lambda$. Its solution provides set of eigenvalues $\lambda_k$, its imaginary parts
describe eigen frequencies whereas real parts -- relaxation rates (positive one corresponds to instability). It is not
difficult task for numerical solution of \eqref{ChEqDiff0b} using contemporary mathematical packets. However,
analysis based on numeric calculations is not simple because there is set of $6$  parameters ($\gamma_{w,s},\ \delta_{w,s},\ \delta,\ I_+$) which may be varied.

In theoretical  analysis below  we make following assumptions:
\begin{itemize}
 \item Interferometer is pumped through PRM.
 \item Arm detuning is small: $\delta\ll \delta_{w,s}$.
 \item Initial relaxation rates are small: $\gamma_{w,s} \ll \delta_{w,s}$.
\end{itemize}
Then Eq.~\eqref{ChEqDiff0b} may be solved by iteration method considering  term $D_1^{(0)} D_2^{(0)}$ as main term (in zero
approximation roots are  $\lambda_k^{(0)}$), whereas account of term $D^{(1)}$ of first order of smallness gives next
iteration  $\lambda_k^{(1)}$.  We can do that because coefficients $\xi,\ \varkappa \sim \delta$  (\ref{xi}, \ref{kappa}), hence, $\psi \sim \delta^2$ \eqref{psi} and the "additional" pump $\mathcal I_2\sim \delta^2$ \eqref{I2}. It means that  $\mathcal I_2$ is much smaller than the "main" pump $\mathcal I_1$ and we may apply iteration method.

\paragraph*{Zero order iteration.} The solution of equation $D_1^{(0)}=0$ is following:
\begin{align}
  \label{lambda12}
   & \lambda_{1,2}^{(0)} = \gamma_1 \pm i \delta_1,\quad \lambda_{3,4}^{(0)} = \gamma_3 \pm i \delta_3\\
    \gamma_1& \equiv \frac{\tilde\gamma_s (1 - p) -(1-p^2)\beta_1}{ 2 p},\quad
    \delta_1 \equiv \sqrt{ \frac{\tilde\gamma_s^2 + \tilde \delta_s^2}{2}\big(1 - p\big)}\,,\nonumber\\
    \label{lambda34}
 \gamma_3 &\equiv -\frac{\tilde\gamma_s (1 + p)
		-(1-p^2)\beta_1}{2 p},\quad
    \delta_3 \equiv \sqrt{ \frac{\tilde\gamma_s^2 + \tilde \delta_s^2}{2}\big(1 + p\big)}\,,\nonumber\\
    p&\equiv \sqrt{1- \frac{ 4\mathcal I_1\big(1 + \alpha_1 \tilde \gamma_s\big)}{
		\big[\tilde\gamma_s^2 + \tilde \delta_s^2\big]^2} },\quad
	\beta_1\equiv \frac{\alpha_1\big(\tilde \gamma_s^2 +\tilde \delta_s^2\big)}{
		4\big(1 + \alpha_1 \tilde \gamma_s\big)}
\end{align}
Note that in case of zero arm detuning ($\delta=0$) these roots was found earlier \cite{01a1KhPLA,05a1LaVyPLA,06a1KhLaVyPRD}
(for example, the case of $p=0$ corresponds to double resonance regime) and formulas above may be considered as
generalization for small $\delta$.

Solution of equation $D_2^{(0)}=0$ gives obvious roots:
\begin{align}
    \lambda_{5,6}^{(0)} &=- \tilde \gamma_w \pm i \tilde \delta_w
\end{align}

So in zero order approximation we have roots $\lambda_k^{(0)}$, among them the roots $\lambda_{1,2}^{(0)}$ correspond to instability ($\gamma_1>0$). Now zero order part of determinant may be written as

\begin{align}
  \label{ChEqDiff1}
    D_1^{(0)} D_2^{(0)} &= \big[(\lambda-\gamma_1)^2+\delta_1^2\big]\big[(\lambda-\gamma_3)^2+\delta_3^2\big]\times\\
	  &\qquad \times\big[(\lambda +\tilde \gamma_w)^2 +\tilde \delta_w^2\big].\nonumber
\end{align}

\paragraph*{First order of iteration.} Our aim is to choose such parameters which make stable next iteration root $\lambda_{1,2}^{(1)}$, i.e.
\begin{align}
    \Re \left[ \lambda_{1,2}^{(1)}\right] < 0
\end{align}
We divide \eqref{ChEqDiff0b} by $\big[(\lambda-\gamma_3)^2 +\delta_3^2\big]$ (taking into
account \eqref{ChEqDiff1}) and put $\lambda=\lambda_{1,2}^{(0)}$ in $D^{(1)}$. So we get next iteration of characteristic
equation:
\begin{align}
 \label{ChEqNe}
    \big((\lambda -\gamma_1)^2& +\delta_1^2\big) \big((\lambda +\tilde \gamma_w)^2 + \tilde \delta_w^2\big) -b=0,\\
	b &\equiv - \left.\frac{D^{(1)}}{(\lambda -\gamma_3)^2 +\delta_3^2 }\right|_{\lambda= \lambda_{1,2}^{(0)}}\,.
\end{align}
We may keep in mind $b$ as a constant of first order of smallness.

Below we put  $ \tilde\delta_w \simeq -\delta_1$, it is this choose of $\tilde\delta_w$ that provides stability with
minimal arm detuning $\delta$. This choice has physical sense corresponding to known scheme of laser cooling (see, for example \cite{coolingV, cooling}). Indeed, let
FP cavity, which one mirror is a mechanical oscillator with frequency $\omega_m$, is pumped by laser with
frequency {\em less} than cavity frequency by $\omega_m$ detuned from resonance. In this case positive damping will be
created for movement of mechanical oscillator (optical rigidity is negligibly small).

One may write down solution
of \eqref{ChEqNe} in analytical form
\begin{align}
 \label{lambdaNe}
 \lambda &=\frac{\gamma_1- \tilde \gamma_w}{2}\pm \\
    &\quad \pm i\sqrt{\delta_1^2 - \left[\frac{\gamma_1+\tilde \gamma_w}{2}\right]^2
	  \pm \sqrt{b -\delta_1^2\big[\gamma_1+ \tilde \gamma_w \big]^2}} .\nonumber
\end{align}
Analysis shows that $\Im b\ll \Re b$. Then at condition
\begin{align}
    \label{cond1}
    \Re b= \delta_1^2\big[\gamma_1+ \tilde \gamma_w \big]^2
\end{align}
the second term in \eqref{lambdaNe} is practically imaginary and its real part is small enough. Then the condition stability may be approximately formulated as
\begin{align}
    \label{cond2}
 \tilde\gamma_w > \gamma_1,\quad \text{or }\ \tilde\gamma_w > \tilde\gamma_s\frac{1-p}{2p}
\end{align}

This conditions  give an estimation for minimal value of arm detuning:
\begin{align}
\label{detun}
\delta^2 > &[\tilde{\gamma}_s \frac{1 - p}{2p}+ \tilde{\gamma}_w]^2 \times\\
&\times \left( \frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1-p}}{2\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1-p}}\right)^2 \frac{4\sqrt{2}p}{(1-p)^{1/2}(1+p)^2} \nonumber
\end{align}
The formula \eqref{detun} is confirmed by numerical calculations presented in the following section.

 Important that  in order to fulfill condition \eqref{detun} one has to provide relatively small arm detuning $\delta\sim
\tilde\gamma_w$.  Here we made an assumption that $\tilde \gamma_{w,s}$ depend weakly on a value of $\delta$. So we put $\tilde \gamma_{w,s} \simeq \gamma_{w,s}$ correspondingly when doing numerical estimations, because otherwise \eqref{detun} turns into non-trivial equation for $\delta$ (we did this approximation only estimating value of $\delta$, other numerical calculations stay exact).

\begin{table}[h]
\caption{\label{aLIGO}Parameters for aLIGO}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
Detuning of symmetric mode ($\delta_w$) &  -23.0 Hz\\
\hline
Detuning of antisymmetric mode ($\delta_s$) & 42.4 Hz \\
\hline
Decay rate of symmetric mode ($\gamma_w$)& 1.5 Hz (3.0 Hz) \\
\hline
Decay rate of antisymmetric mode ($\gamma_s$) & 0.3 Hz (3.0 Hz) \\
\hline
Test mass (m) & 40 kg \\
\hline
Arm length (L) & 4 km \\
\hline
Circulating power ($I_{circ}$)& 24 kW \\
\hline
Arm detuning ($\delta$) &  1.51 Hz (4.6 Hz)\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\section{Numerical estimations}
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{./fig/parametersaLIGO1.pdf}
\caption{Susceptebility $\chi$ of aLIGO interferometer with excluded symmetric mechanical mode. Red curve -- $\tilde{\gamma}_w = \tilde{\gamma}_s$. Blue curve -- $\tilde{\gamma}_w \neq \tilde{\gamma}_s$ \label{susc1}}
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{./fig/parametersMSI1.pdf}
\caption{Susceptebility $\chi$ of Michelson-Sagnac interferometer. Red curve -- $\tilde{\gamma}_w = \tilde{\gamma}_s$. Blue curve -- $\tilde{\gamma}_w \neq \tilde{\gamma}_s$ \label{susc2}}
\includegraphics[width=0.35\textwidth]{./fig/parametersaLIGOdet1.pdf}
\caption{Susceptebility $\chi$ of aLIGO with $\tilde \delta_w = - \delta_1 + \Delta$. Red curve -- $\Delta = 0$. Blue curve -- $\Delta = 0.5 ~Hz$. Brown curve -- $\Delta = - 0.5~ Hz$ \label{susc3}}
\end{figure}

Numerical estimations can serve as an examination of our theory. We can solve \eqref{ChEqDiff0b}  numerically substituting realistic parameters. We chose the parameters for aLIGO interferometer presented in Table~\ref{aLIGO} \cite{aLIGOref}. We consider two cases --- when $\tilde \gamma_w \neq \tilde \gamma_s$ and when $\tilde \gamma_w = \tilde \gamma_s$. In a table values in brackets mean second case. Our analysis also gives an estimation for output power $I_{out} = 0.03 W$ (as we know in aLIGO reference design output power should be about $0.1 W$). It is a good result because we don't want to obtain big laser power on a photodetector. Importantly that here we chose operating frequency about 30 Hz. This value differs from aLIGO one --- 100 Hz. We made it because in our case power-recycling mirror is detuned from resonance. From this fact follows that the circulating power ($\sim$ 24 kW) is less than in aLIGO ($\sim$ 800 kW). Susceptibility curves for this parameters are represented on a Fig.
\ref{susc1}. Numerical solution of \eqref{ChEqDiff0b} gives us a set of eigenvalues with negative real parts --- it means stability. Important that numerical egenvalues are in good agreement with analytical estimates. In addition we checked our analysis numerically by Routh -- Hurwitz stability criterion. It showed stability for parameters predicted by our
theory.

We also did the same analysis for Michelson-Sagnac interferometer. For such system we chose  realistic parameters presented in Table~\ref{MSI} \cite{Tarabrin13, M-S1}. However, we consider membrane as a free mass not taking into account its intrinsic rigidity. Numerical solution gives us a set of eigenvalues with negative real parts again. Plots of susceptibilities are represented on a Fig.\ref{susc2}.

\begin{table}[h]
\caption{\label{MSI}Parameters for Michelson-Sagnac interferometer}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
Detuning of symmetric mode ($\delta_w$) &  -77.2 kHz\\
\hline
Detuning of antisymmetric mode ($\delta_s$) &  141.0 kHz \\
\hline
Decay rate of symmetric mode ($\gamma_w$)& 5 kHz (10 kHz) \\
\hline
Decay rate of antisymmetric mode ($\gamma_s$) & 1 kHz (10 kHz)\\
\hline
Test mass (m) & $10^{-10}$ kg \\
\hline
Arm length (L) &8.7 cm \\
\hline
Circulating power ($I_{circ}$)& 318 mW \\
\hline
Arm detuning ($\delta$) &  5 kHz (15 kHz)\\
\hline
Membrane reflectivity ($R_z^2$) & 0.17\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

Our analysis shows that we can control the shape of the susceptibility curve (increase  one peak and decrease another one) just detuning $\tilde \delta_w$  by small value $\Delta$ from optimal one: $\tilde \delta_w=-\delta_1 + \Delta$. On Fig.~\ref{susc3} we plot such curves for parameters represented in Table. \ref{aLIGO}.

\section{Conclusion}

We have shown that arm detuning $\delta$ in aLIGO interferometer provides possibility to make {\em stable} optical spring for
antisymmetric mechanical mode. Important that the stable optical spring  may be created with  {\em small} arm detuning
comparable with optical bandwidths: $\delta\simeq \gamma_w,\ \gamma_s$. However, this regime requires relatively large PR and SR detunings which  restrict power circulating in arms of
interferometer.

This results may be easy applied to table top Michelson-Sagnac interferometer with membrane inside to create stable optical
spring.

We restrict ourselves by analysis of {\em only antisymmetric} mechanical mode in detuned aLIGO interferometer.
In further research we plan answer on question: is it possible to make {\em both symmetric and antisymmetric} mechanical modes to
be stable?

\acknowledgments
We are grateful to R. Adhikari, Y.~Chen,  H.~Miao, F.~Khalili and especially to S.~Tarabrin for fruitful discussions.
Authors are supported  by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grants No. 08-02-00580-a, 13-02-92441 and NSF grant PHY-1305863.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


"Trust in the LORD, and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed. Delight thyself also in the LORD: and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart." When I began reading Psalm 37, I noticed that it is a little unusual as a Psalm because most Psalms are expressions of praise and worship directed to the Most High and Amazing God, yet this Psalm is written to me. One of the struggles that a Christian may have, and I think if we're being honest, most of us do, is "why the ungodly prosper while the godly seem to struggle through life?" The problem with this question is the attitude of selfishness behind it. It is based on a wrong belief that if life (here we are really saying "God", but are afraid of offending Him) is fair, then because I have surrendered my life to serve God, I should be blessed with a life full of all the things I need and most of the things I want. Anyone who refuses to receive Christ and instead go their own way, following their self-centered desires, should suffer. In my world, this will humble them and bring them to the end of their ropes, so they will turn to Christ as their only hope. Anyone who sees how God blesses me, will then understand that the best choice they can make to get saved and follow Christ, and watch the blessings flow into my life from God. Can I call "Time-Out"? If you stop and think about this view, God is reduced to a genie in a bottle, called upon to give me everything I can desire. He is my slave, working for me, and fulfilling my plan for my life. God calls to us in this Psalm to correct this view and call us to follow Him and see that He is the treasure. God, please help me to see that You are the Treasure, the Most Valuable and Most Important and Priceless God. If everything is stripped away from my life, and all that I am left with if my relationship with God, I am wealthy. I have my treasure that is worth more than anything and everything I can have in this world. I also need to remember that my relationship with you is eternal. This life is but a blink in time when you compare it to eternity.
So what are the steps to put this mindset to death? First, "Trust in the LORD, and do good". The reason I struggle with what the ungodly have and I don't have is because I don't trust the Lord. Pure and simple, I struggle because I don't trust God. His viewpoint about what is important in life should be my viewpoint, but it isn't because I am selfish. Before I was saved, I bought a 1970 Dodge Challenger. I poured money into it to make it a sweet ride and I accomplished my objective. Then I got saved. I began following after the Lord and believed He was leading me to Piedmont Bible College (now Piedmont International University). I packed up many of my belongings, got into my Challenger and headed to college, following the Lord. While there I worked with my home church youth group, so each weekend I put over 200 miles on my precious car. When faced with a school bill, I sacrificed parts off my beloved Challenger because I wanted to stay where God put me. Before long, the car wasn't in such great condition and a wreck in a snow storm disabled my prize ride. My intention was to fix it up, but I had more important things to do with my money. The Challenger was sold, yet there is a desire to one day have another one. Ever so often, I will see a Challenger and the desire will rise again, and I ask, "why do they have a Challenger, and I drive a mini-van?" So I have to trust the Lord. I have found my Father so faithful and that mini-van (or a variation of it) has been full of my kids and their friends, my grandchildren, and a large number of kids that my wife and I have ministered to throughout the years. The memories in a mini-van flood my mind, and to be honest with you, I really can't remember much about my Challenger. When I trust the Lord, I see the good He has done in my life and it causes me to trust Him more. So when I begin to envy, I focus on trusting Him to do His eternal plan of good in and through me. The second part of the verse is to "dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed". In the original language, I am told to live in the land (His place of service) and enjoy security that comes from His faithfulness in feeding us. The reward of trusting Him is that He will place you to live in a land that is green. "Delight thyself also in the LORD" another way of saying "trust in the Lord", and we have a promise that He shall give thee the desires of thine heart." When I trust the Lord, and delight in Him, I will be changed. I begin to desire different things. As the Spirit works in my life, I begin to put priorities on what my Jesus desires. Inwardly, I change in what I desire. But I have this promise: I will be given what I desire and my delight and desire is in my relationship with Him. When He becomes my priority, He will take care of what I need. God, I struggle with my desires. I often times am selfish and what things more than you. I envy what others have and at times resent the success and prosperity of those who don't follow You. Forgive me. By doing this, I have worshipped things more than You. I have delighted in stuff more than You. God, help me to delight and desire You, and You alone. This is my worship and reflects what I truly believe and value. God I surrender to You. When, I start to envy, convict me and remind me to trust You. God, be my desire!


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Ritter, D. L., 2009, In : The New Critic. N/A, 10, p. N/A
Elena Seniavskaia, protivniki Rossii v voinakh XX veka. Evoliutsiia > v soznanii armii i obshchestva
Edele, M., 2009, In : The Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies. 9, p. N/A
Embodying Shakespeare: Introduction
Mcinnis, D. & Hirsch, B., 2009, In : Early Modern Literary Studies: a journal of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English literature. 19, p. 1-6
Executive Selection Is a Process Not a Decision
Day, D., 2009, In : Industrial and Organizational Psychology: perspectives on science and practice. 2, p. 159-162


At the Bordon Business Hub, we provide weekly events that will motivate, educate and inspire you. We challenge you to be the business success you deserve to be, while offering a great support network and amazing resources online and offline. We provide you with great content, and we also give you the space and opportunity to implement this content.
Are you ready to take the #NextStep?
The workshop starts at 10am and we finish at 12pm.


When a disaster strikes, it's critical to move fast to get people in need connected with people who can help. Even long after the initial incident, there are still countless ways people need aid in rebuilding their lives. We know your church body is already a population eager to mobilize to support each other and those in surrounding areas, so we wanted to remind you of some of the tools in the software you can use to assist your efforts.
If your church has been affected by any of the recent hurricanes, our support team is giving preferential treatment to your tickets to help serve you quickly and efficiently. Be sure to let us know when you submit a ticket.
Additionally, if your church has been impacted or if you are interested in helping out other churches who have been, we have set up a User Group to connect churches in need to those with available resources. Fill out this form to be added to the group.
Needs let you quickly and easily put out a request for specific items or resources, allowing people to sign up to fulfill that request. You can also use Needs for people to report on available resources they may have, and then those in need can take the items that would help them.
You can create a Need through any group, and add the specific items requested as well as the date they are needed by. Then you can inform the members of that group that there are new items available to be taken. Get more information about Needs in these Help Articles and Videos.
Needs are available through the desktop software, as well as through the Small Group Leader app (for iOS and Android) and our beta app, Project M.
Forms are a way to quickly gather information about a family in need to determine how best to provide them support and care. You can create a form for people to fill out if they've lost their home, have trouble getting to their job, have imminent medical needs, etc.
Once someone has filled out a form, you can create form-level or question-level automation to add someone to the right place for follow-up. For example, if someone has indicated they've lost their home, you may want to add them to a Process Queue to track the steps needed to provide them assistance and get them back on their feet. Learn more about creating and managing forms with these Help Articles and Videos.
Process Queues are a way to track people through multiple steps of a follow-up process, and they can be extremely helpful in keeping track of who needs attention and what previous outreach they have already received. You can task specific staff members or volunteers to own each step of the process, and you can leave notes on a person's profile as they move through the process so the next leader has a complete picture of their journey so far.
You can find more detailed information about creating and managing Process Queues in these Help Articles and Videos.
Even when people can't contribute in a tangible way, they may still want to help by supporting each other financially. You can set up a unique Chart of Accounts category designated for disaster aid, and allow people to contribute to it through the public online giving tool.
Read this Help Article if you are having trouble getting your online giving system set up.


text:
Turkey says it 'never asks permission' for Syria campaigns
in World News, Middle East, Mobile Home, Newsletter
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, left, and his Iranian counterpart Ebrahim Raisi shake hands at the conclusion of their joint press briefing at the Saadabad Palace, in Tehran, Iran, Tuesday, July 19, 2022. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
Turkey warned on Thursday that it did not need anyone's permission to conduct a new military offensive against suspected Kurdish militants in Syria.
The comments from Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu came two days after a summit in Tehran at which both Russia and Iran urged against Turkey's proposed new campaign in northern Syria.
"We exchanged ideas, but we never asked and we never seek permission for our military operations," Cavusoglu said in a televised interview.
"We won't ask anyone for permission in the fight against terrorism. It can happen one night, suddenly," he said, referring to the start of a new military push.
The comments echo months of warnings from President Recep Tayyip Erdogan about Turkey imminently launching a new ground campaign in Syria.
The offensive would be the fifth since 2016.
Most of the past campaigns have targeted Kurdish militants that Ankara links to a group that has been waging a decades-long insurgency against the Turkish state.
Both Russia and Iran have either troops or militias in areas mentioned as possible targets of Turkey's new offensive.
Tehran and Moscow supported the Syrian government during the country's conflict while Ankara backed the rebels.
Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei had earlier told Erdogan that a new Turkish offensive would be "detrimental" to the region.
Russian President Vladimir Putin said after the summit that Moscow and Ankara still had disagreements about Syria.
Washington has also urged NATO member Turkey to exercise restraint.
Kurdish militias played a central role in the U.S.-led campaign against the Islamist State group in Syria.
SourceAgence France Presse
General Security: Al-Hajj arrest 'judicial procedure,' Ibrahim didn't call al-Rahi
Italy's Draghi heads to president after government implodes


Light House is a charity and arts venue which aims to increase the enjoyment and understanding of technologically – based media, in particular film, video, photography and creative media and to emphasise their importance to the cultural, social and economic life of Wolverhampton, the West Midlands and further afield.
THE TEAM – Click here for information on our team.
THE BOARD Click here for information about our board.
For CONTACT INFORMATION and HOW TO FIND US, click here.
2016 marked 25 years of Light House in The Chubb Buildings and 30 years since it started as a joint Council and Polytechnic initiative.
In 1987, Light House Media Centre was named and formally opened, with films, exhibitions and educational events established at Wolverhampton Art Gallery.
It moved to The Arena Theatre in 1989, then to the newly refurbished and extended Chubb Buildings in 1991.
The café and studio cinema followed in 1992, and in 1994, Light House was established as a separate company with continued support from the University and Council. Its training and media production facilities were developed and upgraded with the help of external funding and the cinema received a refurbishment in 2001.
Light House became a registered charity in 2012 and in a large shake up due to funding, reduced to a small core staff, concentrating on cinema and event activities, with the galleries gradually being opened up for rental to local artists as Arts Council funding diminished. Audiences and supporters helped with raising funding to go digital in 2012. In 2016/7, supporters raised the money through a Crowdfunder campaign for new lit signage, due to 'light up Light House' in spring 2017.
In 2016 our video production and conference facilities run alongside the busy Cinema and Thinema programme and we have a thriving community using the bar for activities. We are also the home of the BA and MA Film courses for the University of Wolverhampton.
With imminent public cuts, we face a large challenge to fill this gap in funding, however by engaging with our loyal and supportive core audience to spread the word and be our ambassadors, we aim to make Light House and Lock Works well used resources through the week by the city and beyond. We are also speaking to local and national companies about sponsorship support.
A registered charity, Light House is partly funded and supported by Paycare, Wolverhampton City Council and University of Wolverhampton.