text:
6010 Macro Aspects
Encyclopedia of Law & Economics - 6010 Macro Aspects
Abel, Andrew B. (1986), 'The Failure of Ricardian Equivalence under Progressive wealth Taxation', 30 Journal of Public Economics , 117-128.
Abel, Andrew B. (1988), 'An Analysis of Fiscal Policy under Operative and Inoperative Bequest Motives', in Helpman, Elhanan, Razin, Assaf and Sadka, Efraim, (eds.), Economic Effects of the Government Budget , Cambridge, MIT Press, 91-106.
Abel, Andrew B. and Bernheim, B. Douglas (1991), 'Fiscal Policy with Impure Intergenerational Altruism', 59 Econometrica , 1687-1711.
Ahmed, Shaghil (1987), 'Government Spending, the Balance of Trade and the Terms of Trade in British History', 20 Journal of Monetary Economics , 195-220.
Ahriakpor, James C. W. and Amirkhalkhali, Saleh (1989), 'On the Difficulty of Eliminating Deficits with Higher Taxes: Some Canadian Evidence', 56 Southern Economic Journal , 24-31.
Akai, Nobuo (1994), 'Ricardian Equivalence for Local Government Bonds: Budget Constraint Approach', 44 Economics Letters , 191-195.
Alesina, Alberto and Rosenthal, Howard (1995), Partisan Politics Divided Government, and the Economy , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Alesina, Alberto and Roubini, Nouriel (1992), 'Political Cycles in OECD Economies', 59 Review of Economic Studies , 663-688.
Alexander, J. Davidson (1989), 'The Political Economy of Tax Based Incomes Policy: Wealth Effects of Post Keynesian TIP', 23 Journal of Economic Issues , 135-146.
Alt, James and Chrystal, Alec (1981), 'Politico-economic Models of British Fiscal Policy', in Hibbs, Douglas A., Fassbender, Heino and Rivers, Douglas R., (eds.), Contemporary Political Economy , Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1985-1208.
Anderson, Leonell C. and Jordan, Jerry (1968), 'Monetary and Fiscal Actions: A Test of their Relative Importance in Economic Stabilization', 50 Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review , 11-24.
Anderson, William, Wallace, Myles S. and Warner, John T. (1986), 'Government Spending and Taxation: What Causes What?', 52 Southern Economic Journal , 630-639.
Andreoni, James (1989), 'Giving with Impure Altruism: Applications to Charity and Ricardian Equivalence', 97 Journal of Political Economy , 1447-1458.
Argy, Victor (1994), International Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy , London, Routledge.
Artis, Michael (1979), 'Recent Development in the Theory of Fiscal Policy: A Survey', in Cook, S.T. and Jackson, Peter M., (eds.), Current Issues in Fiscal Policy , London, Martin Robertson, 15-43.
Aschauer, David A. (1985), 'Fiscal Policy and Aggregate Demand', 75 American Economic Review , 117-127.
Aschauer, David A. (1988), 'The Equilibrium Approach to Fiscal Policy', 20 Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking , 41-62.
Aschauer, David A. and Greenwood, Jeremy (1985), 'Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy', 23 Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy , 91-138.
Asso, Pier F. and Barucci, Emilio (1988), 'Ricardo on the National Debt and its Redemption, Some Notes on an Unpublished Ricardian Manuscript', 17 Economic Notes , 5-36.
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Auerbach, Alan J. and Kotlikoff, Laurence J. (1987), Dynamic Fiscal Policy , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
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Backhaus, JŸrgen G. (1989), 'Taxation and Entrepreneurship: An Austrian Approach to Public Finance', 16(2) Journal of Economic Studies , 5-22.
Backus, David, Devreux, Michael and Purvis, Douglas (1988), 'A Positive Theory of Fiscal Policy in Open Economies', in Frenkel, Jacob E., (ed.), International Aspects of Fiscal Policies , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 173-196.
Bagliani, Angelo and Cherubini, Umberto (1993), 'Intertemporal Budget Constraint and Public Debt Sustainability: The Case of Italy', 25 Applied Economics , 275-283.
Bagliano, Fabio C. (1994), 'Do Anticipated Tax Changes Matter? Further Evidence from the United Kingdom', 48 Ricerche Economiche , 87-108.
Bailey, Martin J. (1956), 'The Welfare Cost of Inflationary Finance', 64 Journal of Political Economy , 93-110.
Bailey, Martin J. (1962), National Income and the Price Level , New York, McGraw-Hill.
Bailey, Martin J. (1993), 'Note on Ricardian Equivalence', 51 Journal of Public Economics , 437-446.
Baily, Martin N. (1978), 'Stabilization and Private Economic Behavior', Brookings Papers on Economic Activity , 11-50.
Banaian, King, McClure, Harold and Willett, Thomas D. (1994), 'The Inflation Tax is Likely to be Inefficient at any Level', 27 Kredit und Kapital , 30-42.
Bandin Tomislav (1988), 'Politicko jedinstvo kao faktor ostvarivanja dogovorene ekonomske i razvojne politike (Political Unity as a Factor of Implementation of Agreed Economic and Development Policy)', 1 Ekonomist , 29-31.
Bankman, Joseph and Griffith, Thomas (1987), 'Social Welfare and the Rate Structure: A New Look at Progressive Taxation', 75 California Law Review , 1905-1967.
Barro, Robert J. (1972), 'Inflationary Finance and the Welfare Cost of Inflation', 80 Journal of Political Economy , 978-1001.
Barro, Robert J. (1974), 'Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?', 82 Journal of Political Economy , 1095-1117.
Barro, Robert J. (1976), 'Rational Expectations and the Role of Monetary Policy', 2 Journal of Monetary Economics , 1-33.
Barro, Robert J. (1978), The Impact of Social Security on Private Savings-Evidence from U.S. Time Series , Washington, American Enterprise Institute.
Barro, Robert J. (1979), 'On the Determination of the Public Debt', 87 Journal of Political Economy , 940-971.
Barro, Robert J. (1980), 'A Capital Market in an Equilibrium Business Cycle Model', 48 Econometrica , 1393-1417.
Barro, Robert J. (1983), 'Inflationary Finance under Discretion and Rules', 41 Canadian Journal of Economics , 1-16.
Barro, Robert J. (1987), 'Government Spending, Interest Rates, Prices, and Budget Deficits in the United Kingdom', 10 Journal of Monetary Economics , 221-247.
Barro, Robert J. (1989), 'The Ricardian Approach to Budget Deficits', 3 Journal of Economic Perspectives , 37-54.
Barro, Robert J. and Gordon, David B. (1983), 'Rules, Discretion, and Reputation in a Model of Monetary Policy', 12 Journal of Monetary Economics , 101-121.
Barry, Frank G. (1985), 'Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy with Unemployment and Capital Accumulation', 87 Scandinavian Journal of Economics , 474-486.
Barry, Frank G. (1987), 'Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy. An Integration of the Short-run, Heckscher-Ohlin and Capital Accumulation Models', 22 Journal of International Economics , 103-121.
Barsky, Robert B., Mankiw, Gregory N. and Zeldes, Stephen P. (1986), 'Ricardian Consumers with Keynesian Propensities', 76 American Economic Review , 676-691.
Barth, James R., Iden, George and Russch, Frank S. (1986), 'Government Debt, Government Spending and Private Behavior: Comment', 76 American Economic Review , 1158-1167.
Basu, Parantap (1996), 'Proportional Income Tax and the Ricardian Equivalence in a Non-expected Utility Maximizing Model', 63 Southern Economic Journal , 223-243.
Baum, Donald N. (1991), 'Economic Effects of Including Services in the Sales Tax Base: An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis', 19(2) Public Finance Quarterly , 166-192.
Beck, Stacie E. (1993), 'The Ricardian Equivalence Proposition: Evidence from Foreign Exchange Markets', 12 Journal of International Money and Finance , 154-169.
Beck, Stacie E. (1994), 'The Effect of Budget Deficits on Exchange Rates: Evidence from Five Industrialized Countries', 46 Journal of Economics and Business , 397-408.
Begg, David K. (1980), 'Rational Expectations, Wage Rigidity, and Involuntary Unemployment', 34 Oxford Economic Papers , 23-47.
Begg, David K. (1982), The Rational Expectations Revolution in Macroeconomics , Oxford, Philip Allen.
Bella, Mariano and Quinteri, Beniamino (1995), 'Causality between Public Expenditure and Taxation: Evidence from the Italian Case', 24 Economic Notes , 45-68.
Bennett, James T. and Dilorenzo, Thomas J. (1983), 'The Ricardian Equivalence Theorem: Evidence from the Off-Budget Public Sector', 38 Public Finance , 309-316.
Benson, Bruce L. (1986), 'Do Taxes Matter? the Impact of State and Local Taxes on Economic Development', 10 Economic Development Commentary , 13-17.
Benson, Bruce L. (1990), 'Interstate Tax Competition, Incentives to Collude, and Federal Influences', 10 Cato Journal , 75-90.
Benson, Bruce L. and Johnson, Ronald N. (1986), 'The Lagged Impact of State and Local Taxes on Economic Activity and Political Behavior', 24 Economic Inquiry , 389-402.
Benson, Bruce L. and Johnson, Ronald N. (1986), 'Capital Formation and Interstate Tax Competition', in Lee, Dwight (ed.), Taxation and the Deficit Economy: Fiscal Policy and Capital Formation in the United States , Cambridge (MA), Ballinger, 407-436.
Bernheim, B. Douglas (1987), 'An Evaluation of Theory and Evidence', in Fischer, Stanley, (ed.), NBER Macroeconomics Annual , Cambridge, MIT Press, 263-304.
Bernheim, B. Douglas (1989), 'A Neoclassical Perspective in Budget Deficits', 3 Journal of Economic Perspectives , 55-72.
Bernheim, B. Douglas and Bagwell, Kyle (1988), 'Is Everything Neutral?', 96 Journal of Political Economy , 308-338.
Bernstein, Jeffrey I. (1986), Research and Development, Tax Incentives, and the , Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 107 p.
Biorn, E. (1989), Taxation, Technology and the User Cost of Capital , Amsterdam, North-Holland, 325 p.
Bispham, John A. (1987), 'Rising Public-sector Indebtedness: Some more Unpleasant Arithmetic', in Boskin, Michael, Flemming, John and Gorini, Stefano, (eds.), Private Saving and Public Debt , Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 40-71.
Biwas, R., Johns, C. and Savage, D. (1985), 'The Measurement of Fiscal Stance', 113 National Institute Economic Review , 50-64.
Blackley, Paul R. (1986), 'Causality between Revenues and Expenditures and the Size of the Federal Budget', 14 Public Finance Quarterly , 139-156.
Blackley, Paul R. (1990), 'A Symmetric Causality between Federal Spending and Tax Changes: Avoiding a Fiscall Loss', 66 Public Choice , 1-13.
Blanchard, Olivier Jean (1984), 'The Lucas Critique and the Volcker Deflation', 74 American Economic Review , 211-215.
Blanchard, Olivier Jean (1985), 'Debt, Deficits, and Finite Horizons', 93 Journal of Political Economy , 223-247.
Blanchard, Olivier Jean (1993), 'Suggestions for a New Set of Fiscal Indicators', in Verbon, Harrie H. A. and Van Winden, Frans A. A. M., (eds.), The Political Economy of Government Debt , Amsterdam, North-Holland, 307-325.
Blanchard, Olivier Jean, Chouraqui, Jean Claude, Hagemann, R.P. and Satar, N. (1990), 'The Sustainability of Fiscal Policy, New Answers to an Old Question', 15 OECD Economic Studies .
Blejer, Mario I. and Cheasty, A. (1991), 'The Measurement of Fiscal Deficits: Analytical and Methodological Issues', 24 Journal of Economic Literature , 1644-1678.
Blinder, Alan S. and (1983), 'On the Monetization of Debt', in Meyer, Laurence (ed.), The Economic Consequences of Government Deficits , Boston, Kluwer-Nijhoff.
Blinder, Alan S. and Goldfeld, Stephen M. (1976), 'New Measures of Fiscal and Monetary Policy, 1958 - 73', 66 American Economic Review , 780-796.
Blinder, Alan S. and Solow, Robert M. (1973), 'Does Fiscal Policy Matter?', 2 Journal of Public Economics , 319-337.
Blinder, Alan S. and Solow, Robert M. (1974), 'Analytical Foundations of Fiscal Policy', in Blinder, Alan S., Solow, Robert M., Break, George F., Steiner, Peter O. and Netzer, Dick (eds.), The Economics of Public Finance , Washington, The Brookings Institution, 3-115.
Blinder, Alan S. and Solow, Robert M. (1976), 'Does Fiscal Policy Still Matter?', 2 Journal of Monetary Economics , 501-510.
Bohanon, Cecil E. and McClure, James E. (1990), 'Government Inflation Statistics and the Inflation Tax on Money', 45 Public Finance , 164-166.
Bohn, Henning (1991), 'Budget Balance through Revenue or Spending Adjustments', 27 Journal of Monetary Economics , 333-359.
Bohn, Henning (1992), 'Endogenous Government Spending and Ricardian Equivalence', 102 Economic Journal , 588-597.
Bomberger, William A. (1990), 'The Effects of Fiscal Policies when Incomes are Uncertain: A Contradiction to Ricardian Equivalence: Comment', 80 American Economic Review , 309-312.
Boothe, Paul M. and Reid, Bradford G. (1989), 'Asset Returns and Government Budgets in a Small Open Economy: Empirical Evidence for Canada', 23 Journal of Monetary Economics , 65-77.
Borooah, Vani and Van Der Ploeg, Frederick (1983), Political Aspects of the Economy , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Boskin, Michael J. (1982), 'Federal Government Deficits: Some Mythes and Realities', 72 American Economic Review , 196-203.
Boskin, Michael J. (1988), 'Concepts and Measures of Federal Deficits and Debt and their Impact on Economic Activity', in Arrow, Kenneth J. and Boskin, Michael J. (eds.), The economics of Public Debt , London, MacMillan, 77-115.
Boskin, Michael J. and Kotlikoff, Laurence J. (1985), 'Public Debt and United States Saving: A New Test of the Neutrality Hypothesis', 23 Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy , 55-86.
Bovenberg, A. Lans (1989), 'The Effects of Capital Income Taxation on International Competitiveness and Trade Flows', 79 American Economic Review , 1051-1064.
Braun, Anton R. (1994), 'How Large is the Optimal Inflation Tax?', 34 Journal of Monetary Economics , 201-214.
Braun, Anton R. (1994), 'Tax disturbances and real Economic Activity in Postwar United States', 33 Journal of Monetary Economics , 441-462.
Bray, Margaret (1982), 'Learning, Estimation, and the Stability of Rational Expectations', 26 Journal of Economic Theory , 318-339.
Brennan, Geoffrey and Buchanan, James M. (1980), The Power to Tax , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Brennan, Geoffrey and Buchanan, James M. (1980), 'The Logic of the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem', 38 Finanzarchiv , 4-16.
Brock, Philip L. (1984), 'Inflationary Finance in an Open Economy', 14 Journal of Monetary Economics , 37-53.
Brock, Philip L. (1989), 'Reserve Requirements and the Inflation Tax', 21 Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking , 106-121.
Brown, Cary E. (1956), 'Fiscal Policy in the thirties: A re-appraisal', 46 American Economic Review , 857-579.
Browning, Edgar K. (1987), 'On the Marginal Welfare Cost of Taxation', 77 American Economic Review , 11-23.
Bruce, Neil and Purvis, Douglas (1979), 'Deficit Finance and first round= crowding-out: A Correction and Further Clarification', 14 Canadian Journal of Economics , 728-734.
Brunner, Karl and Meltzer, Allan H. (1976), 'An Aggregative Theory for a Closed Economy', in Stein, Jerome (ed.), Monetarism , Amsterdam, North-Holland, 69-103.
Bruno, Michael and Fischer, Stanley (1990), 'Seigniorage, Operating Rules and the High Inflation Trap', 105 Quarterly Journal of Economics , 353-374.
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Buchanan, James M. (1976), 'Barro on the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem', 84 Journal of Political Economy , 337-342.
Buchanan, James M. and Roback, Jennifer Morse (1987), 'The Incidence and Effects of Public Debt in the Absence of Fiscal Illusion', 15 Public Finance Quarterly , 5-25.
Buchanan, James M. and Wagner, Richard E. (1977), Democracy in Deficit , New York, Academic Press.
Buchanan, James M., Rowley, Charles K. and Tollison, Robert D. (eds.), Deficits , Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
Buchholz, Wolfgang (1991), 'Tax Effect in General Equilibrium Models with Uncertainty: A Generalization', 45 Journal of Public Economics , 397-399.
Buiter, William H. (1977), 'Crowding out and the Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy', 7 Journal of Public Economics , 309-328.
Buiter, William H. (1980), 'The Macroeconomics of Dr. Planglos', 90b Economic Journal , 34-50.
Buiter, William H. (1980), 'Death, Birth, Productivity Growth and Debt Neutrality', 98a Economic Journal , 279-283.
Buiter, William H. (1983), 'Measurement of the Public Sector Deficit and its Implications for Policy Evaluation and Design', 30 International Monetary Fund Staff Papers , 306-349.
Buiter, William H. (1985), 'A Guide to Public Sector Debt and Deficits', 1 Economic Policy , 13-79.
Buiter, William H. (1987), 'A Fiscal Theory of Hyperdeflations? Some Surprising Monetarist Arithmetic', 39 Oxford Economic Papers , 111-118.
Buiter, William H. (1988), 'Macroeconomic Policy Design in an Interdependent World Economy: An Analysis of Three Contingencies', in Frenkel, Jacob E., (ed.), International Aspects of Fiscal Policies , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 121-172.
Buiter, William H. (1989), 'Debt Neutrality, Professor Vickrey and Henry George=s ASingle Tax', 29 Economics Letters , 43-47.
Buiter, William H. (1990), Principles of Budgetary and Financial Policy , New York, Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Buiter, William H. and Patel, Urjit R. (1992), 'Debt, Deficits and Inflation: An Application to the Public Finances of India', 47 Journal of Public Economics , 171-205.
Buiter, William H. and Tobin, James (1979), 'Debt Neutrality: A Brief Review of Docrine and Evidence', in Von Furstenberg, George M. (ed.), Social Security versus Private Saving , Ballinger, 39-63.
Buiter, William H. and Tobin, James (1980), 'Fiscal and Monetary Policies, Capital Formations, and Economic Activity', in Von Furstenberg, George M. (ed.), The Government and Capital Formation , Ballinger, 73-151.
Burrows, Paul (1979), 'The Government Budget Constraint and the Monetarist-Keynesian Debate', in Cook, S.T. and Jackson, Peter M., (eds.), Current Issues in Fiscal Policy , London, Martin Robertson, 62-85.
Buti, Marco (1990), 'Monetary and Fiscal Rules for Public Debt Sustainability', 44 Economic Papers, European Commission .
Cadsby, Charles Bram and Murray, Frank (1991), 'Experimental Tests of Ricardian Equivalence', 29 Economic Inquiry , 645-664.
Calvo, Guillermo A. (1978), 'On the Time Consistency of Optimal Policy in a Monetary Economy', 46 Econometrica , 1411-1428.
Calvo, Guillermo A. (1985), 'Macroeconomic Implications of the Government Budget', 15 Journal of Monetary Economics , 95-112.
Calvo, Guillermo A. and Guidotti, Pablo E. (1993), 'On the Flexibility of Monetary Policy: The Case of the Optimal Inflation Tax', 60 Review of Economic Studies , 667-687.
Calvo, Guillermo A. and Leiderman, Leonardo (1992), 'Optimal Inflation Tax under Precommitment: Theory and Evidence', 82 American Economic Review , 179-194.
Calvo, Guillermo A. and Peel, David A. (1983), 'Growth and Inflationary Finance: Variations on a Mundellian Theme', 91 Journal of Political Economy , 880-887.
Cameron, David R. (1978), 'The Expansion of the Public Economy: A Comparative Analysis', 72 American Political Science Review , 1243-1261.
Cardia, Emanuela (1997), 'Replicating Ricardian Equivalence Tests with Simulated Series', 87 American Economic Review , 65-79.
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Carmichael, Jeffrey (1982), 'On Barro's Theorem of Debt Neutrality: The Irrelevance of net Wealth', 72 American Economic Review , 351-372.
Carmichael, Jeffrey and Hawtrey, Kim (1981), 'Social Security, Government Finance, and Savings', 57 Economic Record , 332-343.
Carroll, Chris and Summers, Lawrence H. (1987), 'Why have Private Savings Rates in the United States and Canada Diverged?', 20 Journal of Monetary Economics , 249-279.
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Chakraborty, Atreva and Farah, Abdikarim (1996), 'Ricardian Equivalence: Further Evidence', 10 International Economic Journal , 19-31.
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Chari, V. and Kehoe, Patrick J. (1990), 'International Coordination of Fiscal Policy in Limiting Economies', 98 Journal of Political Economy , 617-636.
Chari, Varadarajan V. (1985), 'Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy: A Comment', 23 Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy , 139-141.
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Chari, Varadarajan V., Christiano, Lawrence J. and Kehoe, Patrick J. (1991), 'Optimal Fiscal and Monetary Policy: Some Recent Results', 23 Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking , 519-539.
Chari, Varadarajan V., Christiano, Lawrence J. and Kehoe, Patrick J. (1994), 'Optimal Fiscal Policy in a Business Cycle Model', 102 Journal of Political Economy , 617-652.
Chouraqui, Jean Claude, Jones, Brian and Montador, Robert B. (1986), 'Public Debt in a Medium-term Perspecitve', 7 OECD Economic Studies , 103-153.
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Christ, Carl F. (1979), 'On Fiscal and Monetary Policies and the Government Budget Restraint', 69 American Economic Review , 526-538.
Christiano, Lawrence J. and Eichenbaum, Martin (1992), 'Current Real - Business Cycle Theories and Aggregate Labor-market Fluctuations', 82 American Economic Review , 430-450.
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Ruiz-Huerta Carbonell, Jesœs, Alvarez, Jesœs, Ayala, Luis, Iriondo, I–aki, Martinez, Rosa and Palacios, Juan Ignacio, La distribuci—n funcional y personal de la renta en Espa–a (Functional and Personal Distribution of Income in Spain) , Premio de investagi—n 1995 del Consejo Econ—mico y Social.
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TortoiseHg is a Windows shell extension and a series of applications for the Mercurial distributed revision control system. TortoiseHg also includes a Gnome/Nautilus extension and a CLI wrapper application so the TortoiseHg tools can be used on non-Windows platforms. Binary packages of TortoiseHg for Windows come with Mercurial and a merge tool and are thus completely ready for use "Out of the Box".
...... ready for use "Out of the Box".
TortoiseHg is a Windows shell extension and a series of applications for the Mercurial distributed revision control system. TortoiseHg also includes a Gnome/Nautilus extension and a CLI wrapper application so the TortoiseHg tools can be used on non-Windows platforms.
Qweas is providing links to TortoiseHg 2.3.1 as a courtesy, and makes no representations regarding TortoiseHg or any other applications or any information related thereto.
Any questions, complaints or claims regarding this application TortoiseHg 2.3.1 must be directed to the appropriate software vendor.
You may click the publisher link of TortoiseHg on the top of this page to get more details about the vendor.


text:
Q: How to make one filter from two filters? My task is to make pagination and search. I solved this problem by creating two computed properties(figuratively I can call them filters). Separately, they work correctly, but I need to unite them. I can't figure out how to do this?
My html:

Title: {{ post.title }}

Content: {{ post.body }}

My Vue.js(my two filters):
paginatedData() {
        const start = this.page * 10;
        const end = start + 10;
        return this.posts.slice(start, end);
      },
      filteredPosts() {
        return this.posts.filter((post) => {
          return post.title.match(this.search);
        });
      },

A: Do the filtering within the paginatedData method and slice over the filtered array.
paginatedData() {
   const start = this.page * 10;
   const end = start + 10;
   return this.posts.filter((post) => {
      return post.title.match(this.search);
   }).slice(start, end);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Our People & Culture
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Stock Compensation Lead
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At PMI, we've chosen to do something incredible. We're totally transforming our business and building our future on smoke-free products with the power to improve the lives of a billion smokers worldwide. With huge change, comes huge opportunity. So, wherever you join us, you'll enjoy the freedom to dream up and deliver better, brighter solutions and the space to move your career forward in endlessly different directions. We are currently looking for Stock Compensation Lead based in our offices in the US, initially in New York City, subsequently moving to Stamford, Connecticut in mid-2022. You will be part of the Total Rewards Center of Expertise (CoE), acting as a Subject Matter Expert (SME) on stock compensation programs. In this role you will establish and manage governance of stock compensation at PMI, design and implement new programs. This is an outstanding opportunity to collaborate with the People & Culture management and business stakeholders and partner closely with the Finance, Legal and delivery teams to support business needs. Specific Responsibilities Include: •	Governance of the current global stock program at PMI, including coordination with members of the Finance, Legal, HR and Accounting Departments regarding the company's stock compensation plans •	Design and implementation of any new stock programs (e.g., ESPP) •	Design and implementation of global communication on stock program principles •	Drafting and coordination of approval for various stock documents (e.g., stock agreements, guides and prospectus) •	Working closely with the delivery team to ensure that internal controls and procedures are followed and in compliance with SOX •	Advice and escalation point for the delivery teams and 3rd parties, e.g. stock plan administrator, tax advisor •	Managing and monitoring regulatory filings outside of the US •	Monitoring process documentation, review current procedures and work with stock plan administrator and delivery teams to implement changes •	Identifying opportunities to streamline and automate, contributing to the development and implementation of new concepts / change management tools •	SME for stock compensation in our Project Based Organization, contributing to various projects •	Expert advice on stock programs to People & Culture and other functions •	Staying abreast of emerging market trends in the industry •	Assisting with mergers and acquisitions in relation to stock compensation •	Working with other Total Rewards and People & Culture teams on broader scope projects driven by our business transformation Critical Capabilities: •	University degree in Human Resources, Business/Economics or equivalent •	Certified Equity Professional (CEP) certification strongly preferred •	Proven experience in managing global stock programs in a multinational organization with publicly listed stock •	Experience in designing and implementing new stock programs, incl. ESPP •	Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, detail-oriented •	Customer understanding / centricity •	Collaborative in nature: a team player who can develop strong relationships with internal stakeholders, including senior management to become a trusted partner and can successfully work independently •	Able to manage multiple projects and deadlines concurrently •	Good command of Microsoft Office tools, Excel in particular, and SAP HR •	Fluent in English, with well-developed writing and communication skills Philip Morris International: Delivering a Smoke-Free Future Philip Morris International (PMI) is leading a transformation in the tobacco industry to create a smoke-free future and ultimately replace cigarettes with smoke-free products to the benefit of adults who would otherwise continue to smoke, society, the company and its shareholders. PMI is a leading international tobacco company engaged in the manufacture and sale of cigarettes, smoke-free products and associated electronic devices and accessories, and other nicotine-containing products in markets outside the U.S. PMI is building a future on a new category of smoke-free products that, while not risk-free, are a much better choice than continuing to smoke. Through multidisciplinary capabilities in product development, state-of-the-art facilities and scientific substantiation, PMI aims to ensure that its smoke-free products meet adult consumer preferences and rigorous regulatory requirements. PMI's smoke-free IQOS product portfolio includes heat-not-burn and nicotine-containing vapor products. As of June 30, 2019, PMI estimates that approximately 8.0 million adult smokers around the world have already stopped smoking and switched to PMI's heat-not-burn product, available for sale in 48 markets in key cities or nationwide under the IQOS brand. For more information, please visit www.pmi.com and www.pmiscience.com. PMI is an Equal Opportunity Employer. #LIJOBS
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Global Benefits Lead
Inclusions and Diversity

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Are there any security risks with exposing a user's unique MongoDB _id? In my web app I store users'data in MongoDB documents. These have unique _id properties. To retrieve uploads associated with an item that a user has created I have created the following API:
/api/uploads/:user_id/:item_id/:fileName

On the backend I then simply return the file at location /uploads/<user_id>/<item_id>/<fileName>
Although item records themselves will have unique IDs, this folder structure will make it cleaner to delete all items associated with one user, as I can simply delete the entire folder named <user_id>.
However in setting things up this way I am clearly exposing the user's unique _id to all people accessing their public uploads.
Now my question is, is there any way in which this could pose a security risk? What could a malicious hacker do with a user's unique id?

A: I don't think it's a significant risk.  In concept, any information you provide can be used by hackers to malicious intent. There's nothing particularly special about the _id that makes it more of a risk than anything else you might put out there.
Regardless of what you put in the URL, you'll want to make sure you're enforcing proper access control and ensuring availability, etc.


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text:
Italy's Rendition Trial
An Italian court has convicted 23 American CIA agents in absentia for their role in kidnapping a Muslim cleric from the streets of Milan and then flying him off to Egypt to be tortured. "Here, Italian law rules, not American law or any other law," the Italian prosecutor said.
Well, maybe. Here are the details:
Judge Oscar Magi handed an 8-year sentence to Robert Seldon Lady, a former C.I.A. station chief in Milan, and 5-year sentences to 22 other Americans. Three of the other high-ranking Americans were given diplomatic immunity, including Jeffrey Castelli, a former C.I.A. station chief in Rome.
The judge did not convict three high-ranking Italians charged in the abduction, citing state secrecy, and a former head of Italian military intelligence, Nicolò Pollari, also received diplomatic immunity. All the Americans were tried in absentia and are considered fugitives.
Let me get this straight: the Italian judge was happy to convict a bunch of Americans who he knew would never pay a price since they'll never be extradited, but he wasn't willing to convict the Italians involved in all this, who would have paid a price. You'll excuse me, I hope, if I don't exactly see this as a triumph of judicial independence. Convicting a bunch of foreigners is easy. It's holding your own people to account that's hard. Wake me up when either of our countries starts doing that.


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July is just a few days away from us and a new exciting season is already on the brink! FC Barcelona will return to work under the orders of their new manager Ernesto Valverde on July 12 and at the moment, there's still a lot to be decided in regards to the team roster for the 2017-2018 season and the challenges ahead. Some of the players who have had international appearances for their country will be given a few extra days, which will be the case of the Brazilian superstar, Neymar Jr. The 25-year old should join his crew 2 days later, on July 14.
The team will meet at the Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper and that's where they'll have their first contact with Valverde and initiate their first week of training.
Roughly a week later, on July 19, by the time almost everyone should be back from holidays (except Ter Stegen and André Gomes, who have been playing for their nations until late June or early July), Barcelona will travel to the United States to kickoff their 2017-18 US pre-season tour. This may also be a good time to place some bets on Barcelona winning major trophies next season. Take a look at our recommended 2017 free bets list to find the best odds on the market! A Barcelona win over Real Madrid on August 12 for the 1st leg of the Spanish Super Cup is currently priced at 9/10. You won't find better odds than that!
Barcelona's first test in this pre-season will be Juventus, the 6-times in a row Serie A champions. The stage will be the impressive Metlife Stadium in New Jersey, with a full capacity for 82.500 spectators. The Italian giants were very close to the "triplete" last year, after winning the Italian league and Italian cup, but collapsing against Real Madrid in the UEFA Champions League final in Cardiff, where they've lost 4-1.
Four days later, on July 26, the Blaugrana will lock horns with José Mourinho's Manchester United. The stage couldn't be bigger, as both teams will face at the FedEx Field in Maryland, the biggest NFL stadium in the US. The English powerhouse are looking forward to the new season, especially after securing a Champions League entrance in their last game of the season, the Europa League final. The Red Devils, who had finished 6th in the Premier League, beat Ajax 2-0 in the decisive game in Solna, Sweden and earned a last-minute ticket for the Champions League in 2017-18. It's also going to be interesting to see how Neymar performs in this match, since summer after summer, the Brazilian is being linked with a move to United.
Finally and after completing their US tour and going through all their 3 games in the International Champions Cup, Barcelona's last pre-season game should be a home game at the Camp Nou against Chapecoense, the Brazilian team who had the misfortune of being involved in a plane crash last year, which led to 71 people that were on board to die. The exact date in which this game will be held is yet to be announced, as well as any additional pre-season fixtures.
La Liga and the Spanish Super Cup should then start in mid/late August, while the UEFA Champions League will kickoff in September.


New health insurance marketplaces for small businesses are scheduled to open across the country next week, and while most states are ready to begin enrollment, others have fallen behind, delaying some of the savings employers were promised under Obamacare.
District officials, for example, say all systems are go for launch for the city's new health insurance exchange on Oct. 1, the deadline established by the Affordable Care Act for states and the federal government to open enrollment for new, online insurance marketplaces.
While the Obama administration has pushed back for a year a mandate requiring many employers to start covering their workforces, officials have moved forward on the new insurance exchanges, which they hope will promote competition among insurers and drive down the cost of individual and employer-sponsored coverage.
business owners, where residents can purchase plans from several carriers and apply for tax breaks.
"At this point, we are testing the heck out of the system," DC Health Link Executive Director Mila Kofman said, noting that her team passed the final security inspection from the Internal Revenue Service last week.
All that remains is a final operations review from federal regulators before the team can plug into a central data hub, which will give them access to the information they need from the Internal Revenue Service, Veterans Affairs and Homeland Security. For instance, the hub will connect all state-run exchanges to citizenship and income records, which are necessary to determine whether enrollees are eligible for coverage and tax breaks.
Kofman expects to complete that last step in the coming days, and the site will go live Oct. 1.
On the District's site, employers with 50 or fewer workers will be able to choose from 267 plans from four carriers: Carefirst, Aetna, United and Kaiser Permanente, the latter three of which have all lowered their rates on the exchange in the past few months. In addition, employers will have the option to either choose one plan for their entire company or select several plans from which their employees can choose.
Once workers make their picks, they and their employers can pay their premiums through the same portal.
Meanwhile, some states have already stumbled out of the gate.
In Maryland, for example, the marketplace for individuals will be ready for launch Tuesday; however, the state has elected to delay enrollment for its small-business exchange until the start of next year, when plans were supposed to take effect. Instead, coverage under those plans will commence in March at the earliest.
Joshua M. Sharfstein, chairman of the Maryland Health Benefit Exchange board, said his team needed more time to perfect its portal, making the individual marketplace the first priority during the past few months.
Still, there was good news for the state's small employers last week, as Maryland insurance officials unveiled the final rates for the small-business exchange, which are comparable to those in the District and lower than those in many states around the country.
Compared with last year, the rates are slightly higher, but they are "consistent with the year-over-year changes we have seen in Maryland's small group market in 2012 and 2013," Maryland Insurance Commissioner Therese M. Goldsmith said in a statement.
Officials noted that the costs may be lower for some employers, thanks to new tax credits authorized by the health-care law, which for the past three years have covered up to 35 percent of the cost of health plans for firms with fewer than 25 workers. Next year, the credits increase to as high as 50 percent.
However, Maryland's delay will postpone employers' access to the breaks, as starting next year, the credits will be available only through the small-business exchanges.
Maryland employers aren't the only ones that will have to wait. In Washington state, only one insurance company signed up for the small-business exchange, and it will provide coverage only to certain regions. Others will have no health insurance options when the portal opens next week, and it is unclear how (or if) they will be able to access the credits.
business exchanges are set to open on schedule, but government officials have in the last few weeks warned that the programs in both states might have some glitches or limitations when they first launch.
The same may be true of the federal government's new insurance exchanges.
Most states, including Virginia, elected to fall back on marketplaces set up and run by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which has said the federal exchanges for individuals and employers in those states will be ready to open next week.
However, this summer, officials announced that the federal government's small-business portal will not allow employers the same flexibility that business owners will have in the District. For the first year, employers will have to choose a single plan for their entire company, rather than the multiple-plan option lawmakers envisioned.
More importantly, software glitches on the federal exchange are making it difficult for the Web site to "reliably determine how much people need to pay for coverage," according to a report last week by the Wall Street Journal.


text:
Reviews of Educational Material| September 1958
NEUROMYAL BLOCK
E. A. Schenk;
E. A. Schenk
E. G. Anderson
Anesthesiology September 1958, Vol. 19, 701.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-195809000-00077
E. A. Schenk, E. G. Anderson; NEUROMYAL BLOCK. Anesthesiology 1958; 19:701 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-195809000-00077
2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade
2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting: Carbohydrate-containing Clear Liquids with or without Protein, Chewing Gum, and Pediatric Fasting Duration—A Modular Update of the 2017 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting
2022 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway
ASA Physical Status Classifications: A Study of Consistency of Ratings
Uptake of Halothane by the Human Body
STOP Questionnaire: A Tool to Screen Patients for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Evaluation of a New Routine Diagnostic Test for Immunoglobulin E Sensitization to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Cardioprotective Trafficking of Caveolin to Mitochondria Is G i -protein Dependent
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