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Fait gallery
FAIT GALLERY Facebook page
FAIT GALLERY Instagram page
FAIT GALLERY youtube account
Art+Antiques
AR-TI:KL
VLADIMÍR KOKOLIA: THE ESSENTIAL KOKOLIA
Vladimír Kokolia / The Essential Kokolia
17. 10. 2018 – 12. 1. 2019
Opening: 17. 10. 2018, 7 p.m.
Curator: Miroslav Ambroz
On Wednesday 17 October 2018 the Fait Gallery opened another three exhibitions. The main space of the gallery hosts an extensive retrospective of the artist Vladimír Kokolia. The exhibition will involve accompanying events prepared in collaboration with Kokolia, Composting with Vladimír Kokolia and A Day with Vladimír Kokolia. This all-day event will provide the visitors with an insight into other aspects of the artist's personality.
The Fait Gallery presents Kokolia's unpredictability combined with a systematic approach and Messianism which, however, is at every moment offset by irony. According to Kokolia's distinctive art theology, a picture only lives in the field of the visitor's view (and the viewer lives in the field of the picture). Kokolia maintains that what he paints are exactly these "fields".
Since the 1980s, Kokolia's approach to painting has centred more and more on the issues of seeing; he is interested in how a look flows, what its pathways are and how to capture what is happening in the pulsating, vibrant space between the observer and the observed. In addition, Kokolia constantly examines and trains his sight, striving for "miraculousness" generated by seeing, which is something we experienced as children and which is devoid of context, layers of denotations and rational comprehension. A picture is thus for him, first and foremost, a record of a freshly realised possibility of understanding the world, not a substitute, a copy or a reflection of reality.
Even after several decades of painting and exhibiting, a picture remains for Kokolia a mysterious object. Beyond doubt, a picture does have a life of its own but it only comes to life with a viewer. The subject of this exhibitions is life in front of the picture. Kokolia has turned the Fait Gallery into a Scout's "last resort kit" containing an essential set of the modes of survival in front of a picture. These allegedly motionless and flat pictures will show viewers ready to try different modes of approach the real motion and space.
Vladimír Kokolia spent his childhood in Veverské Knínice and in Brno-Lesná. In 1971–1975 he studied promotional graphics at the Secondary School of Applied Arts in Uherské Hradiště. He then enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague where he graduated in painting in 1981 under Professor Jan Smetana. After a year of a compulsory military service he was a freelance artist until 1992.
In the 1980s Vladimír Kokolia was active, in particular, in Brno and Prague displaying his work at both unofficial shows and in state galleries; he also performed with the alternative rock trio E. For most of the time he had no steady income, and his wife Eva, mother of his three children, had to provide for the family. Kokolia's exhibiting activities abroad grew more intense in the early 1990s including his participation in Documenta IX. In 1990 he became the first winner of the Jindřich Chalupecký Prize awarded to artists under 35. The award involved a stay in San Francisco where Kokolia spent six months. Since 1992 he has been head of the Graphics 2 department at the Prague AVU academy. In 2003-2004 the Brno House of Arts staged Kokolia's controversial retrospective Vladimír Kokolia: House of Arts. In 2006 he was appointed professor. Among his students were, for example, Tomáš Vaněk, Ján Mančuška, Jonáš Czesaný, Veronika Holcová, Ondřej Smeykal, Kateřina Šedá, Adéla Babanová, Vilém Balej, Pavel Příkaský and Ondřej Basjuk. Kokolia's works are represented in art collections in the Czech Republic and abroad. He has had over a hundred solo shows and taken part in over four hundred group exhibitions. In interviews and public lectures he often points out the particularities of perceiving pictures. Kokolia has written the books Slovník Gr2 (2008), Jení (Trigon 2012), Vy-já-dření (Trigon 2015) and others. He promotes composting and was the winner of the Miss Compost CR 2007 competition. Kokolia is also a well-known taiji master. Pavel Jirásek made a film about him for the Czech Television, Kdokolia. In 2012 he won the Dalibor Chatrný Prize for artists over 35. His latest exhibition Vladimír Kokolia: Epiphany was held in the Ikon Gallery, Birmingham. Vladimír Kokolia lives and works in Veverské Knínice and in Prague.
The exhibition opening was held on Wednesday 17 October 2018 at 7 p.m.
Photographic reproductions for the exhibition can be downloaded here: https://bit.ly/2CqBOCN
Lucie Domorádová
domoradova@faitgallery.com
www.faitgallery.com

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French women are known for their effortless style and beauty. It often feels like they wake up looking flawless. All they need is to swipe on some clear gloss, pop on a beret, and they're street style ready within a minute. The truth is: it all starts with a great beauty routine.
If you've ever wondered how Parisian women keep their dewy glow and get that clean face chic look, take a peek at the tips below. Women of different ages who have all lived in Paris share a few of their favorite French beauty routines suggestions. You may be surprised at just how simple it is to get that Parisian beauty look. Keep in mind that everyone's skin care needs are different, but you're likely to find something with that special je ne se quoi to try!
Britta Uschkamp, 40, is a Digital Communications Manager & Lingerie Designer who grew up in Germany and has resided in Paris since 2004. For her gorgeous skin, her first French beauty routine tip: hydrate! "I love mineral water, especially Vichy St-Yorre, it has a lovely salty taste and lots of minerals in it", she says. In addition, her beauty routine consists of basic steps to a great life like exercise, and feeling happy.
And one skin care step she highly suggests is to skip sugary and highly processed foods. "I have been trying this 'zero sugar' thing for one and a half months now and it makes me much more dynamic and comfortable in my skin. Basically, I am not having anything with added sugar in it... So far, I am not missing a thing, so I will continue until I really want to eat some cake", she states.
Another kind of water is just as popular when it comes to French skincare. Sensibio H2O by Bioderma is one of the most popular French drugstore beauty products. Specifically designed for sensitive skin but a great option for most any skin type, it combats redness and dehydration which leads to tightness and fragility of the skin while removing makeup and dirt.
According to its site, this micellar water is also a winning product because "its fatty acid esters, the constituent elements of micelles, are similar to the phospholipids of the skin cell membranes and naturally help rebuild the skin's hydrolipidic film." In essence, that scientific talk means you can use this popular French item to refresh your skin's appearance and feel. This is especially important because tap water can be filled with all sorts of impurities. Frequent Paris visitors know that the city's hard water means cleansing your face isn't always so great for your skin. A dab of this and a swipe of a cotton ball is all you need to say ooh la la again!
Jenny Rieu, is an actress and model is originally from France and now resides in Los Angeles, CA. Though she says she has dealt with mild breakouts for much of her adult life, she noted that skincare has always been a top step in her beauty routine. Interestingly, she added that most of the women in her family "choose not to wear make up on the daily basis, I mean really nothing", she stresses.
She sees the positive effects of wearing less makeup, saying that her mother and aunt "look fairly young and their skin is quite beautiful. None of them use any skin care products of any sort, besides a moisturizer. My mum is almost 60 years old and she just started getting facials, isn't that something?!"
For moisturizer, Rieu and many Parisian women suggests La Roche-Posay. This company has many types of moisturizer from which to choose, so you can find the formula that best suits your needs. One of the key ingredients is the selenium-rich thermal spring water that the brand sources in heart of France, in the town of La Roche-Posay, naturally. This has been used as a key ingredient in their skin care formulas in 1975.
It's the rare mineral salts and trace elements that sooth the skin and provide antioxidant skincare properties (and highly regarded by beauty scientists for decades).
Hydration and moisturizer are French beauty routine musts. And so is protection! Every French girl knows about the importance of sunscreen. In fact, many French women choose sunscreen as the only product they apply each morning. But for someone with oily skin it's difficult to find a sunscreen that will moisturize without leaving a greasy film on the skin. According to Victoria Roshchyna Monzon, the founder of Viva La Peau, Viva La Peau Oil-Free Protective moisturizer SPF 30 does the job.
"Peau" translates to "skin" in English, and though the product is made in USA, it's inspired by the French approach to beauty. Roshchyna says that the basics are what really matter, and "we truly believe that our sunscreen is the only cream you really need for a day." Protecting skin and keeping it hydrated is just the start. This formula contains 10 antioxidants which calm skin. Adds Roshchyna, "We think that our little black jar, just like a little black dress - works on any occasion!"
24 year old blogger and writer, Wencillia Querbel, is originally from France and now resides in Quebec. She stresses the importance of sleep, lots of water, and clean skin. To keep her skin sparkling she reaches for Decléor Aroma Cleanse cleansing mousse and Neroli serum, echoing the remarks other French women that "they keep my skin hydrated all winter."
She's also been known to use the Clarins Gentle Refiner which exfoliates away dull, flaky surface cells while tightening pores. And she swears by the Christian Lénart Rose water which she uses as a toner to refresh her skin during hot summer months. It's paraban free and made in France, and can usually be bought for under $10 USD.
If there's one thing about nailing the French beauty routine, it's to keep it simple and natural. The folks at L'Officine Universelle Buly know this to be true. This cult Parisian apothecary dates back more than 100 years and focuses on natural beauty, and have dedicated an entire book to the topic with their newest release An Atlas of Natural Beauty.
To educate yourself, dive in to this beautifully illustrated, in-depth guide to the past and present uses of 80 natural botanicals. The book describes the best kept French beauty secrets, tips, and even recipes for naturally radiant skin.


text:
I don't know if it's the heat, odd migration patterns or lack of fish, but beginning about a week ago, the previously decent catching on striped bass and bluefish in the waters from Plum Gut to Watch Hill has died off sharply. Fluke are abundant but, like last season, the vast majority are "shorts." Due in part to the lack of other species, but mostly to the fact they tend to be a warm water visitor, porgy are becoming a more important factor in weekly reports.
Jack Balint of the Fish Connection and my longtime fishing partner Eric Covino of "Playing Hookie Charters" were both complaining about the striper and bluefish action along the many reefs that run from Gardner Island to Watch Hill Light have been dead for over a week. Fishing has been so poor that that Covino and other local charter captains have either been canceling trips or changing dates hoping the action improves as more bluefish move inshore for the summer.
Mark Lewchik at River's End Tackle in Old Saybrook said he's been catching a few schoolie stripers in the evenings off Hatchett Reef and the Lyme Shores area. There are also some bass and blues running around the mouth of the Connecticut River. Lewchik noted that there were lots of small sand eels — a forage species that bluefish, bass and fluke chase constantly throughout the season — along the beach.
We made a "lazy man's" late morning striper and fluke run to Fishers Island in Mike Lajoie's boat on the Fourth of July. Tube and worm trolling produced only one 30-inch bass and a couple of jumbo scup. The big porgy was 17 inches long.
Bluefish have been around since early May. The Thames River is still producing some small blues along with an occasional striper. Its the same story in the Connecticut River, which is holding some large choppers in the lower part.
From the time the bluefish first show until Thanksgiving, the waters from The Race to Plum Gut support some of the best summer bluefishing on the coast. The problem is you need a boat to catch them. A good option is to take a ride on the Sunbeam, Mijoy, Blackhawk or Hel-Cat, local party boats that make daily and evening trips for bluefish and striped bass, or take a ride on a "six pack" charter boat with one of the many capable captains in this area.
Summer flounder catches have been improving as waters warm. Locally, fishermen have been catching fluke in increasing numbers from Long Sand Shoal — off the mouth of the Connecticut River — Niantic Bay, along the Rhode Island Beaches and the south shore of Fishers Island.
Due to the fact that length limits are still pretty large (181⁄2 inches in Connecticut and Rhode Island, but 201⁄2 inches in New York waters) anglers are catching mostly throwbacks.
Like last year, the ratio of shorts to keepers is about 10:1. When legal-sized fluke are hooked, however, many are quality fish in the mid- to high-20-inch range. Six- to seven-pounders are surprisingly common this season. Our trip to Fishers Island last weekend produced 10 sub-legal fluke. The trip two weeks earlier produced half that many, including a seven pounder.
A good way to filter out the smaller fluke to minimize the number of shorts that must be de-hooked, drift with large six- to eight-inch-long baits, such as a whole squid, fillet of mackerel or menhaden on a fluke rig or a jig with a stinger hook. The key to catching fluke is being able to maintain baits on the bottom, while drifting in 40-60 feet of water.
Scup action will improve from now through the fall. Our striper and fluke trip to Fishers Island last weekend produced a 17-inch, two-pound-plus humpback porgy and a second decent fish that was about 13 inches.
Area shops have been reporting a few blue crabs in the area since early May. The fact that crabs were being seen so early bodes very well for crabbing later on this summer.
It's been so hot lately, we haven't heard much about trout from this area's rivers and lakes. Lewchik made a trip to the Farmington River earlier this week with a friend and said they caught over a dozen fish between them, with many taking dry flies just before dark.
Despite the heat, bass fishing remains pretty good in area lakes for crepuscular fishermen. No one has been reporting any monsters lately but that doesn't mean they haven't been caught and released by skilled anglers. The lunkers brought in to the scales at area shops are very often dead, while the fish no one but the angler sees are still swimming around to be caught and hopefully released again.
WALLEYES AND PIKE
Walleye are nocturnal predators, especially during the heat of summer. We caught a little one at Gardner Lake last week, but as with trophy-class bass, the best walleye catches are made at night and often go unreported.
Pike are a cool water species. They do not fare well when hooked, played in luke warm water, then netted.
If possible, hand grab or use some sort of jaw-grabbing device on pike that are going to be released. If the fish has a multiple hook plug hanging off its face, don't net it, unless it is going to be kept. Pike, especially large ones, twist themselves up like mummies in nets and quickly become stressed to the point they may swim off when released but die a short while later. A pike that loses its color is one that has been severely stressed.
PANFISH AND CATFISH
This time of year during the day, catching bluegills and sunfish on light tackle or flies can provide a good deal of action and fishing fun, especially for young anglers.
After dark, a gob of worms, commercial cat fish bait, a small sunfish or fillet from a larger one, is a great way to catch bullhead and catfish.
The Connecticut River supports a healthy population of channel catfish. There are a few channel catfish around the Greenville Dam area in the Shetucket River as well as Mohegan Park Pond, which was stocked during early June. Look for these fish around shoreline structures such as blown down trees in the Connecticut River or in deep dark waters of lakes, where they hide during the day.
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Lovely Cedar Hedge Lake lot with private Sandy frontage. Located in White Birch Park~Old Wildwood Resort. Close to Interlochen Academy of the Arts, hunting, and fishing. Beautiful for your up north getaway or a year round home.


Arthritis is a general term for joint inflammation. There are more than 120 different kinds of arthritis, with the most common being osteoarthritis. It's often called the "wear and tear" arthritis because it happens when our weight-bearing joints, such as our knees or hips, begin to simply wear out.
Rheumatoid arthritis is another common arthritis that can damage joints so badly that they need to be replaced. This arthritis is an autoimmune disease, meaning the body is attacking itself. It will affect more than just the joints. Sometimes arthritis sets in when you've had a traumatic injury.
Get the proper diagnosis. Joint pain can be caused by many other things, such as fractures or nerve damage.
Exercise. While exercise can sometimes cause discomfort, proper exercise will nourish the cartilage, strengthen the muscles around and ultimately prolong the life of your joints. Check with your physician before starting any exercise program to get guidelines or precautions about what's right for your condition.
Modify activities. Using the proper body mechanics can mean less strain on your joints and more effective use of your joints.
Nutritional supplements. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are both found naturally in cartilage, and many individuals iJ:h arthritis will take these two supplements together. Studies have shown glucosamine supplemen s can be useful in strengthening, repairing and revitalizing cartilage and in reducing pain. Chondriotin acts a sponge for the fluid that makes cartilage more elastic and spongy and may help prevent the breakdown of cartilage.
Some studies indicate that patients low in vitamins C and D may have higher incidence of arthritis. It is generally recommended that arthritis patients take vitamins regularly.
Calcium is known to help strengthen the bones and can help prevent the onset of osteoporosis, a condition in which your bones become weak and brittle because of a loss of tissue. Sometimes osteoporosis is confused with osteoarthritis.
Apply heat/cold. Heat and/or cold may be used to decrease pain and to increase flexibility. Cold decreases blood flow and helps relieve joint pain and swelling. Do not apply for more than 15-20 minutes at a time and use a towel or cloth between the ice compress and your skin.Heat increases blood flow and helps relax muscles. Do not use for more than 20 minutes at a time, unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
Use orthotics or supports. Visit with your physician or physical therapist about self-help devices, such as braces, for the feet, knee, hands/wrist or back, hip or knee. To avoid the risk of falls and further injuries, you may require other support devices such as canes, walkers or crutches.
Medications. Medications, both over-the-counter and prescription , are important in the treatment of arthritis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) help relieve joint swelling and inflammation. If over-the-counter medications are ineffective in reducing the pain, swelling and stiffness, your physician may prescribe a stronger NSAID or another medication.
Injections. Cortisone can be injected directed into the joint to relieve swelling. However, most physicians will limit this treatment as it may play a role in weakening tendons or cartilage if used too often.
Visit with an orthopedic surgeon. Specializing in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, an orthopedic surgeon can discuss whether surgery is an option for you and which type of surgery is best for your condition, whether it be arthroscopic or joint replacement surgery. In arthroscopic surgery, the surgeons will remove or repair damaged tissue to prevent further damage. With joint replacement surgery, your damaged joint is replaced with one made of metal and/or plastic.


Once a customer's DNA is analyzed, the information is loaded into the secure database where it can be accessed and viewed by the customer. In the "gene journal" section of the site, the customer can use "The 23andMe Odds Calculator", which helps the user understand which "common health concerns are most likely to affect a person with your genetic profile." It is absolutely vital to note that this calculation is NOT meant to serve as a medical diagnostic or medical advice; it is merely a tool to learn more about an individual's DNA. The ability of science to predict disease based on genetics is still in its infancy, so 23andMe will continue to update the gene journal with new information and data as it becomes available.
There is additional information on the site for people who are new to genetics, including a Genetics 101 section, and a few relevant educational videos. They also have a section "for the experts" with links and journal excerpts.
So What Does This Mean for Genetic Genealogists?
One of the categories of 23andMe's Personal Genome Service is their Ancestry section. A customer will be able to use the analysis to learn more about their genetic ancestry. As quoted above, the SNP chip will reveal massive amounts of information about the mitochondrial genome, and about autosomal ancestry (it appears that the company is still working on developing more extensive Y chromosome testing). I was especially impressed by the comparison of mitochondrial information obtained from 23andMe's test versus that obtained from previous genetic genealogy tests – 23andMe examines over 2,000 SNPs from the entire mitochondrial genome.
23andMe also provides analysis of the individual's autosomal ancestry. As the site points out, the tests "reads half a million locations in your autosomal DNA, giving you the most comprehensive, detailed picture of your ancestry that is commercially available. This means that 23andMe's Ancestry tools provide you with more accurate, reliable data about your genetic similarity to populations across the globe." Indeed, they will provide you with a Global Similarity Map and a Maternal Ancestry Tree, with the Paternal Ancestry Map soon to come.
For fellow genetic genealogists, 23andMe created a "fun facts about ancestry" page with a little bit of genetic genealogy trivia, and an extensive reading list. There is also an entire section which asks "Are Warren and Jimmy Buffett Related?" (I blogged about this interesting analysis back in May of this year).
It is vital that a genetic-related company address the ethical concerns that will be shared by their customers and the public in general. 23andMe attempts to educate potential customers through a number of different means. First, there is a "considerations" page that lists and discusses many of the potential drawbacks and caveats associated with genomic sequencing. These concerns are further addressed in the consent documents which are presented to the customer before they can purchase the test.
There is also a "policy forum" which provides the company's outlook on a number of controversial topics (including Direct-To-Consumer testing, Privacy, and GINA). As I am particularly interested in this area, I found this to be especially intriguing. There are also links for more information about these policy topics.
And from the NYT article, it appears that a customer is again presented with the many "considerations" before they can access their information.
According to a press release at BusinessWire, there will be a webcast media briefing hosted by co-founders Linda Avey and Anne Wojcicki on Monday, November 19, 2007 at 2:00 pm EST. The link is here. I'll be in class, so hopefully it will be available somewhere later in the day!
TechCrunch has a post "23andMe: Evil Or The Way Of The Future?" There's a lot of discussion going on in the comment section.
And finally, there is some discussion of the service among my fellow DNA Network bloggers, including My Biotech Life, On Genomics, and bbgm.
Thanks Eric. I guess Mountain View would overlook Mountain Valley, right? Thanks for pointing that out to me.
By the way, I've enjoyed reading your blog – consider me a regular reader! Sorry I didn't include your post about 23andMe in my round-up, I didn't catch it in time.
Thanks for the kind words and no worries at all about missing my thread. It's one of those news items that we'll all cover.
Thanks so much for collecting all of this in one neatly organized place, Blaine.
My pleasure Misha. I get so excited about this stuff that I can't help myself!
Excellent selection – rather actually.


The Australian Made NS-FJS2 fixed short jib attachment has 2 tonne SWL and is fitted positive lock pins (not safety chains) to secure the forklift jib attachment to your forklift tines.
The type FJCL25 Fixed Jib (Long) is designed as an affordable general purpose jib with a 3.5 metre reach when fully extended, allowing for long reach lifts.
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We spent some time with the Bierstedt cousins over the holidays. As usual, cuteness and chaos both ensued.
It wouldn't be Christmas without tears.
Ben and Cameron sang in the Christmas kid's choir at church. Ben is in the back on the left and Cameron is in the back middle.
I graduated to my red belt in karate today. I was expecting to have to wait until January, but I was able to demonstrate all of my blue belt skills in time.
The end of the year is always a time when our teachers send home art that has been decorating the school. Here is our collection -- mostly, it is Ainsley's work.
What Ainsley is thankful for.
Ainsley's hand turkey. She didn't like it because her teacher painted her hand.
More things Ainsley is thankful for.
From the beginning of the year - they had to introduce themselves. Ainsley likes books, cousins, Hammy the hamster, Dora, and dancing.
My preschool had a holiday program and Mom and Dad came to see it. They videotaped it so that you could see it too. It is only 6 minutes long, so sit down and enjoy!
Here I am that morning. Very excited!
We went to the Holidazzle with some friends this year. It was cold and rainy, but we still had fun!
Here we are building the family gingerbread house together.


have a solid core membership and be quite active.
and Jeff and Patti Rouse for the huge job that all of them take on.
time of our season for ice fishing is just about here and it is called first ice.
extremely active in December and can make for a very fun day.
we could help you out!
The site averages about 8-9 visits per day. Most people are first time users, they open 3 pages, and stay on for a little over two minutes. Every month the viewers come from an increasing array of sources which is an indication that the kamokids.org site is being referenced more often and linked from other sites.
The site is protected from unauthorized entry through multiple features. The site is also backed up, so that if there is a loss of content we can go back to a recent day and replace lost information. The analytics show blocked attempts by unauthorized people trying to log into it, and every month that happens. Most attempts are from foreign countries.
Enrollment forms were the most visited feature in the past 30 days, probably because of the upcoming Poynette hunt. I would like to put a new picture on the homepage with every change of season. I never put a fall picture on, because I didn't have one I liked enough. You can help with that – send a good seasonal picture when you have one.KAMO apparel is for sale off the site. The idea is to have more people flashing the logo around.At the state convention, I would like to give everyone a tour through the site's dashboard and show how to put pictures/activity links on a chapter page.
A couple Coulee mentors have had kids out duck hunting on their days off of school this past month. Some mentors are gearing up for the Poynette run. During our last meeting, we distributed the long awaited hoodies. Now that they've gone through the initial set up, future orders should be prompt. These hoodies are noted for their comfort and two different colorful logos. They will be made available to other chapters – samples will be at the Joe Hunt. I would like to send them out once a year, so order enough to cover projected needs.
We also did event planning at the November meeting all the way through February. There is the need to keep our current families interested and to attract both new kids and volunteers.
We are putting the final touches on our trailer wrap design this week with pictures taken during outings and a version of the KAMO ad the intern made up. It is supposed to be completed the week of November 26th. We have already arranged with area businesses to keep the trailer parked in their lot where the wrap may catch the attention of passerby. We will move it periodically from one high traffic area to another.
Coulee is teaming with other mentor groups in the area interested in meeting collaboratively a few times per year. Discussion would be centered around what each group has going on now and has for goals in the future, ways we could combine our resources/ talents/ ideas/ best practices, how to make mentoring more attractive to community members. The first meeting is on January 10th at the Big Brothers/ Big Sisters building.
No News from the Indianhead nor Lake Wisconsin Chapters.
We are doing good things at the Marshfield chapter.
During our meeting we set a fun winter event for 1/5 from 10am-1pm open to anyone. This event will be taken place at 11330 Eisenhower Drive Marshfield, WI 54449 (Near the school forest). We will have a fire, hot chocolate, snacks, looking for animal tracks, practicing bb guns and safety, and depending on snow more fun activities.
We will be having an ice fishing event in February, hoping to use the same private pond we used last year by Junction City. We are still working on a good night and time for a meeting, but are having more response to emails, so going in the right direction.
Dylan Hart, will be attending the Joe Camp next weekend and Dana and Brad will both be volunteering and working on networking for our chapter.
This is the update on us so far!
We had 8 members present with 2 guests. A father/son came to the meeting as the father was looking for a mentor for his son. His son will participate in the Joe hunt. Mentoring activities for the month included:Bob and Gage shooting rifle and walking in the woods preparing for the Joe hunt Jody and Keenan working the trap line for rats.
Upcoming activities include our fisheree in February at Bigalke pond. Also, discussion on organizing a January tubing day.We discussed putting a KAMO advertising wrap on Jodie's "Chasin Scales" bow fishing boat. All liked the idea. Jody will get pricing for the December meeting. Raffle sales are going well.


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http://www.jewishworldreview.com -- IT WAS PAINFULLY IRONIC that a court decision exonerating special prosecutor Kenneth Starr was reported in the midst of a new political and media campaign demonizing Pat Buchanan.
Despite White House charges that Starr had leaked grand jury testimony and committed other illegal acts, the judges who investigated the facts found no such thing. Yet the lies had served their purpose during the impeachment process by distracting attention from Bill Clinton's illegal acts.
Now the belated truth could serve the purpose of demonstrating how easy it is to whip up a lynch mob atmosphere against anybody. Unfortunately, the truth about Starr was drowned out by today's lynch mob atmosphere against Pat Buchanan.
Buchanan is being accused of racism in general and antisemitism in particular. His new book, "A Republic, Not an Empire," is supposed to say that it would have been better if Hitler had won World War II. This is pretty rough stuff. But, if Buchanan actually said it, why don't his critics quote where he said it, instead of putting their words in his mouth?
Just a few years ago, Pat Buchanan was being demonized because he said that John Demjanjuk was not the same man as a concentration camp guard nicknamed "Ivan the Terrible" because of his sadistic treatment of Jewish inmates during World War II. Buchanan's position was taken as evidence of antisemitism. But would anyone say that a claim of mistaken identity about someone accused of murder was the same as justifying murder?
In the end, the Israeli Supreme Court overturned Demjanjuk's conviction and set him free. Did anyone claim that the Israeli Supreme Court was antisemitic? Or admit that Buchanan might have had some basis for what he had said?
No one knows what is in someone else's heart of hearts. But what we should all know and understand is how easy it is to smear -- and how dangerous it is to the country as a whole when dissenting views are silenced by smears and the threat of smears, rather than being debated with facts and logic.
In a complex and dangerous world, shouting down ideas, instead of examining them, can be a fatal blindness. We need to consider many questions from many angles -- and not all insights will come from saints or geniuses. People who are profoundly mistaken about some things may hit the nail on the head with other things.
My reading of Buchanan's new book is that he thinks our leaders have in the past gotten too many Americans killed fighting other people's wars and that our current leaders are recklessly risking the same thing again by over-extending our military commitments around the world. If Buchanan said that it would have been better for Hitler to have won World War II, it wasn't in the copy I read. And it is too early for a second edition.
Second-guessing the political and military decisions of the past has been all too common. Professional historians and military experts can evaluate Buchanan's reading of the evidence. What matters for the present and the future is whether we are in fact speaking loudly and carrying a little stick in the international jungle.
That is a life and death question. It deserves to be dealt with as such. It is infinitely more important than Pat Buchanan's psyche or politics.
Republican politicians are of course upset at the prospect that Buchanan's expected defection to the Reform Party jeopardizes the Republicans' best shot of regaining the White House in years. Even that, however, does not justify smear tactics.
When all is said and done, Pat Buchanan does not have the power to send a single American soldier anywhere -- and probably never will. The danger comes from those who do have that power, both directly right now and indirectly for the future by making commitments all over the world.
Many of these people who think of themselves as internationalists love big government and would be happy to advance toward the biggest government of all, world government. They are uninterested in the prerequisites for realizing their vision -- or in how far the human race is from meeting those requirements.
Somewhere, out in the galaxies, there may be creatures who fit their theories, but the history of human beings on this planet says that globalists are playing with fire. If Pat Buchanan says the same thing, so be it.


text:
Verner Sand Kirk (født i Thyborøn 1957) er politolog og direktør i brancheorganisationen Danske A-kasser (tidl. A-kassernes Samvirke) og aktiv debattør.

Han er søn af tømrer og skibsinstallatør Lars Sand Kirk og hustru Gerda Marie Kirk. Bor i Hvidovre og er gift med sygeplejerske Ella Kirk.

Biografi
Verner Sand Kirk har været politisk engageret siden 1973, hvor han var medstifter af en DSU-afdeling i Struer. De senere år er han først og fremmest kendt for sine indlæg og deltagelse i debatter vedrørende arbejdsmarkedet og bl.a. landskendt for at  påpege at den regulering af dagpengesystemet, som blev aftalt mellem den første regering Lars Løkke Rasmussen og Radikale Venstre og gennemført under regeringen Helle Thorning-Schmidt I ville resultere i at mange flere tusinde ville falde ud af dagpengesystemet end Finansministeriet havde regnet sig frem til.
Han er desuden folketingskandidat for Socialdemokratiet i Sundbyvesterkredsen i Københavns Storkreds.

Uddannelse
1976 Matematisk, fysisk student fra Struer Statsgymnasium.
1983 Kandidat i Statskundskab ( cand. scient. pol.) fra Aarhus Universitet (Studiejob som bl.a. slagteriarbejder og underviser for AOF og forskellige fagforeninger).

Erhverv
1984 Konsulent hos Danske Mejeriers Fællesorganisation, handels- og markedspolitisk afdeling i Aarhus
1986 Konsulent og senere leder af Socialdemokratiets Politisk Økonomiske afdeling på Christiansborg.
1993 Særlig rådgiver for arbejdsminister Jytte Andersen
1995 Udviklingschef og rådgiver for den socialdemokratiske folketingsgruppe og statsminister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
2000 Afdelingschef i Beskæftigelsesministeriet
2007 Direktør for Forebyggelsesfonden
2009 Direktør Danske A-kasser

Kilder

Politologer fra Danmark

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Indians sweep Tigers
By PAUL HOYNES • Updated Aug 29, 2019 at 4:34 PM
DETROIT — Mike Clevinger continued his dominance over American League Central Division opponents in August.
Meanwhile, the Cleveland Indians did the same to their longtime rivals. The Tribe claimed their 14th straight victory against Detroit with a 2-0 win Thursday at Comerica Park.
Clevinger struck out 10 and held the Tigers to four hits in eight scoreless innings without a walk. It was his 10th career double-digit strikeout game and fifth this season. He retired seven of the last eight batters he faced, including five of those on strikes.
Offensively, Francisco Lindor continued his torrid month at the plate, providing all the offense Cleveland would need with a two-out solo home run in the third.
Brad Hand pitched a scoreless ninth for his fourth consecutive save and 33rd overall.
The Indians (79-55) swept the three game series against the Tigers, but again gained no ground in the AL Central Division standings as the Minnesota Twins (82-51) won their fifth straight game. Cleveland trails the Twins by 3.5 games.
In the AL Wild Card Game chase, the Indians lead Oakland (77-56) by 1.5 games for the home position, and lead the Rays (76-58) by 3 games for the second spot. Cleveland is at Tampa Bay this weekend.
Clevinger, who entered the game with the third-highest swing-and-miss percentage in baseball according to Statcast (36.5%), limited Detroit to four baserunners, including Victor Reyes, who singled in the sixth but was thrown out on a steal attempt by catcher Kevin Plawecki.
"He didn't have an inning over 21 pitches and that was his last inning in the eighth," Indians manager Terry Francona said. "He let one fly every once in a while up high, and he'd corral himself and come back down in the zone. He was really good. His fastball velocity stayed the same all game, and his breaking ball was really good. He just really pitched well."
Clevinger picked up his seventh career win against the Tigers in 10 starts and improved to 6-0 against AL Central opponents with a 1.05 ERA in eight outings this year. He moved to 5-0 in his last six road starts and has not lost a decision since June 28 in Baltimore (9-0 in last 11 outings). Clevinger is 12-1 all-time in August starts, including 5-0 this season.
Lindor's home run in the third was his 25th, giving him four in his last six games and homers in back-to-back contests for the first time since Aug. 3-4. He became the first Indians middle infielder with three consecutive seasons of at least 25 home runs and the first Tribe hitter to accomplish the feat since Travis Hafner (2004-06).
The home run also extended Lindor's hitting streak to 11 games, tying him with Kansas City's Nicky Lopez for the second-longest active streak in the majors.
"At some point, we'll be talking about a lot more than that with him," Francona said of Lindor. "I hope it's this year. He has that ability and is a pretty special kid."
Norris, who was on a pitch limit, exited after the third inning. He was spotted in the Tigers dugout with team trainers tending to a blister on his throwing hand.
Cleveland mounted another two-out rally in the fourth against reliever Drew VerHagen when rookie third baseman Yu Chang singled and second baseman Mike Freeman dropped a liner between Victor Reyes and Harold Castro in left center. Chang attempted to score from first on the play but was thrown out at the plate on a good relay from Tigers shortstop Willi Castro.
The Indians loaded the bases in the seventh when Greg Allen was hit by a pitch for the second consecutive game after singles by Chang and Plawecki.
Lindor then sent a towering 401-foot drive off VerHagento right center that would have resulted in a grand slam in seven other major league ballparks, including Progressive Field. But Harold Castro chased the ball down on the warning track as Mike Freeman tagged and scored from third, pushing the Indians' advantage to two.
The sacrifice fly was Lindor's fifth of the season and gave him 60 RBIs.
"It wasn't easy. Give them (Detroit) a lot of credit," Francona said. "They used four pitchers and they all seemed to get us out. But we got a win, and that's what we showed up for today — and now we can move on."
The Indians travel to Tampa Bay to begin a three-game weekend series against the Rays on Friday. Righty Shane Bieber (12-6, 3.23) takes the mound for Cleveland in the first game against a yet-to-be-determined opener for Tampa.
Bieber will be making his fourth career start against the Rays. He holds a 1-1 record with a 2.65 ERA all-time against Tampa Bay, including allowing one run on four hits with four walks and 10 strikeouts over five innings on May 24 at Progressive Field.


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text:
FBI looks for woman 'infatuated' with Columbine shooting
Authorities said Tuesday that they are looking for a young woman who is "infatuated" with the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School and made threats just days before the 20th anniversary of the attack that killed 13 people.
The undisclosed threats led Columbine and several other high schools outside Denver to lock their doors for nearly three hours. All students were safe, school officials said.
Sol Pais, 18, traveled to Colorado on Monday night and has tried to buy firearms, according to the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office and the FBI. Pais was last seen in the foothills west of Denver, was considered armed and extremely dangerous and should not be approached.
The FBI's Rocky Mountain Safe Streets Task Force issued a notice Tuesday describing Pais as "infatuated with (the) Columbine school shooting." The alert said police who come into contact with her should detain her and evaluate her mental health.
Sheriff's spokesman Mike Taplin said the threats she made were general, not specific to any school.
Officials didn't provide further details or reveal where Pais traveled from, saying it would compromise their investigation.
The Denver Post reported that a call to a phone number listed for Pais' parents in Surfside, Florida, was interrupted by a man who identified himself as an FBI agent and said he was interviewing them.
The Associated Press left messages at two numbers listed for Pais' relatives in Florida, while another number was disconnected.
The doors were locked at Columbine and more than 20 other schools in the Denver area as the sheriff's office said it was investigating threats against schools related to an FBI investigation.
Columbine students continued attending classes in the afternoon and left school on time, but after-school activities were canceled on the campus in Littleton, Colorado.
Teenage gunmen attacked Columbine on April 20, 1999, killing 12 classmates and a teacher.
Rocky Mountain Safe Streets Task Force
Sol Pais
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U.S. Rep. Peter Roskam speaks to members of the Palatine Township Republican Organization on Feb. 4, 2017.
Seven Democrats have signed up for a chance to run against U.S. Rep. Peter Roskam, a Republican who has represented the west and northwest suburbs for more than 10 years and has helped shape and sell his party's controversial overhaul of the tax code.
Some of the Democratic contenders in the March primary are new to politics. Some serve in local government, and some are veterans of former President Barack Obama's campaigns. They include three attorneys, an engineer, a bookstore owner, a former congressional aide and a former Obama White House intern.
Some candidates have made cancer or another personal health crisis part of their pitches to voters, taking aim at the House Republican vote to repeal Obamacare. The highest government officeholder in the lot is on the Naperville City Council.
The Democrats' scramble to take on a sitting congressman who has won by comfortable margins in recent contests has been set off by last year's election results. In Roskam's 6th Congressional District, Democrat Hillary Clinton prevailed over Republican President Donald Trump by 7 percentage points. And Trump's losing margin was higher in only eight other GOP-held congressional districts nationwide. The 6th District includes parts of Elgin, Naperville, Wheaton and other places in DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Cook counties.
Roskam says he's ready for his rivals. He says he'll campaign on Republican tax rewrite and that his 2018 race reminds him of his challenges in 2006, when Democrats gained a net 30 House seats to take control of the chamber. Overcoming that wave led to his first win, beating future U.S. Sen. Tammy Duckworth for the seat he has held since. He prevailed then in a mid-term election while Republican President George W. Bush was in office.
The Democrat who runs against Roskam next year will emerge from the crowded primary. Among the contenders is Kelly Mazeski, a member of the Barrington Hills Plan Commission and breast cancer survivor who got a high-profile boost by making the front page of the New York Times, announcing her bid the day of the House voted to repeal the Affordable Care Act. She lost an Illinois Senate race to Republican state Sen. Dan McConchie last year and says she's motivated by the health care fight.
She said she fought invasive ductal carcinoma beginning in 2014, and after surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, completed treatment in June 2015.
"I knew how important health care was for me and for my family," Mazeski said.
She was the top fundraiser among the Roskam challengers as of the most recent campaign reports and has won endorsements from Emily's List and two Illinois House Democrats, Jan Schakowsky and Cheri Bustos.
Meanwhile, attorney Carole Cheney is a former district chief of staff to Democratic Rep. Bill Foster of Naperville, and both he and U.S. Rep. Robin Kelly of Matteson have endorsed her.
Another primary contender is attorney and kidney cancer survivor Amanda Howland of Lake Zurich, who lost the 2016 race against Roskam by 18 percentage points. She's back for another round.
Bookstore owner Becky Wilkins Anderson is running, as is attorney Jennifer Zordani of Clarendon Hills, and former Obama intern Ryan Huffman, a data analyst from Palatine.
The Democratic field was set after the seven candidates filed papers for a spot on the ballot by Monday, and they're scheduled to meet Tuesday evening for a forum at Glenbard North High School in Carol Stream.
For almost a year, Roskam has been dogged by noisy, energetic grassroots opponents and the target of serial protests, one a "die-in" outside his Barrington office, where demonstrators held signs identifying an illness, collapsed and feigned death. A full-time staffer paid by the Democratic Party of Illinois has since February been organizing anti-Roskam forces in the 6th district.
Lately, opponents have focused on Roskam's hand in crafting the just-approved House overhaul of the tax code, with critics saying the bill favors corporations and the rich.
The week opened with a protest Monday outside the Chicago Board of Trade, and on Friday, senior citizens sang Christmas carols — with lyrics mangled in defiance of the bill — outside Roskam's Wheaton campaign office.
Roskam, 56, a lawyer and former state lawmaker, has lost only one election, coming up short against Judy Biggert in a GOP primary for Congress in 1998. The conservative from Wheaton has spent more than $18 million overall in six winning campaigns for Congress and is well known in a district of more than 700,000 people.
"I think most people in our congressional district are interested in less drama as opposed to more drama, and those tend to be drama-filled events," he said.
Roskam said he plans to stay in the House as long as he's re-elected and can be effective, ruling out a future run for the U.S. Senate. He's been keeping at arm's length from Republican Gov. Bruce Rauner, who also will be on ballot in November. He has not endorsed Rauner in the primary.
And although Roskam generally tried not to talk about Trump when asked leading up to the 2016 election, he called the president a "mercurial" figure in an interview and said he should surrender his Twitter account.
Roskam sits on the tax-writing House Ways and Means Committee and voted in committee against forcing Trump to make his tax returns public. Now he said he supports that.
The primary race to take on Roskam will be one of the most active in Illinois, and with few other area House races seeming competitive in November, Democratic foes have been joining the battle from outside the district, said Reid McCollum, a leader with an umbrella organization of more than 20 anti-Roskam groups. McCollum said he has run into Democratic canvassers from Chicago's Hyde Park, as well as suburbs outside the 6th district.
"There's been a groundswell of activism and enthusiasm," he said.


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text:
\section{Introduction}

Conjugated polymers, and specifically polythiophenes, are attractive materials for low-cost, large area, flexible electronics applications because of their solution processability, superior film-forming properties, and comparatively high mobilities.\cite{heeger-rev-rmp2001,mccullough-am2006,frisbie-peo-afm2006,yang-apl2007} Because these systems are insulators with a moderate band gap, it is necessary to introduce mobile charges through doping or electric field gating, in order to initiate electrical transport.  The quest to achieve a comprehensive understanding of charge carrier dynamics in the polymer host also requires extending the carrier densities toward the boundary of the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT).  The IMT region is of fundamental interest as well, as some of the most fascinating electronic and magnetic many-body effects occur when both organic and inorganic insulators are driven towards the metallic state by photoexcitation, gating, or doping.\cite{ahn-nature2003,ahn-rmp2006,morpurgo-prl2004}

To go beyond the charge density limits of conventional organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with oxide insulators (roughly 10$^{13}$/cm$^{2}$ ), alternative methods have been introduced, including OFETs employing polymer electrolyte gating,\cite{dhoot-pnas2006,yuen-jacs2007,panzer-jacs2007,herlogsson-am2008,zhu-apa2009} and the use of fluorinated organosilane molecules (known to self-assemble on surfaces) to chemically oxidize and thereby dope the organic semiconductor.\cite{kao-afm2009,podzorov-natmat2007} In this work, we explore the latter approach by modifying the electronic properties of the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) using fluorinated organosilanes. The organosilane molecules incorporate into the polythiophene structure, hydrolyze, and partially cross-link, forming a network that induces a strong p-type doping of P3HT.\cite{kao-afm2009} The particular organosilane used in this work is (Tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane (C$_{8}$H$_{4}$F$_{13}$SiCl$_3$), or simply fluoroalkyl trichlorosilane (FTS).

We have utilized infrared (IR) spectroscopy:  a tool ideally suited for investigating fundamental electronic processes in organic semiconductors.\cite{pope} IR measurements directly probe electronic excitations associated with injected charges, and are complementary to transport measurements. With IR spectroscopy, we are able to characterize the low-energy excitations induced in FTS-modified structures by comparing the IR absorption of FTS-treated films to that of the same polymer film electrostatically doped in an OFET.  At the highest carrier densities, we have observed both Drude absorption (indicative of delocalized states in a metal) and a broad mid-IR absorption (indicative of self-localized polaron states).  We therefore demonstrate that FTS modification is a useful technique for exploring and exploiting the onset of metallic transport in polymers.

\section{Experimental}

All IR and DC transport measurements reported here have been performed at room temperature using two types of devices: (a) two-terminal structures and (b) three terminal OFETs, shown in the insets of Figures \ref{DCplot} and \ref{OFET}, respectively.  Two-terminal devices were fabricated by spin-coating a 10 - 15 nm-thick P3HT film onto an intrinsic H-terminated Si(111) substrate with bulk resistivity 30 $k\Omega\cdot$ cm, or onto a glass slide.  Graphite contacts were painted on top of the polymer film, separated by ~ 0.5 - 1 cm (Fig. \ref{DCplot} inset). Three-terminal P3HT-based OFETs were prepared by depositing thin (4 - 6 nm) film of P3HT on SiO$_2$/n-Si substrates (inset in bottom panel of Fig. \ref{OFET}).  In the OFETs, 200 nm-thick SiO$_2$ on n-Si wafers were used, with the doping level suitable for IR transmission measurements.  Gold source and drain electrodes were patterned on top of SiO$_2$ and spaced roughly 200 microns apart as previously described in Ref. \onlinecite{zq-nanolett2006}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
   \includegraphics[width=3.375in, height=2.53in]{Fig1.eps}
     \caption{DC current flowing through a 10-15 nm-thick P3HT film exposed to the fumes of (trideca�uoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane (FTS ) as a function of exposure time.  Dashed line: P3HT on a semi insulating (transparent for IR) Si(111) substrate. Solid line: P3HT on a glass substrate. Measurements are performed with V$ = 1 V$ applied between graphite contacts that define a 1 x 1 cm$^{2}$ P3HT film. The left inset shows the structure of FTS molecules. The right inset shows a conceptual geometry of 2-probe samples. The apparent large background conductivity in the P3HT/Si device is due to the residual bulk conduction through the Si substrate.}
     \label{DCplot}
\end{figure}

IR measurements were performed ex-situ, i.e. after the P3HT samples have been brought to a highly conducting state by exposure to FTS. IR transmission measurements with a spectral resolution of 8 cm$^{-1}$ were carried out in the mid-IR range (400 - 7000 cm$^{-1}$) and were extended to the far-IR region (down to 40 cm$^{-1}$) for selected structures.   We employed a home-built IR microscope with the focus size reduced down to $d$ = 200 $\mu$m, allowing us to explore the uniformity of electronic properties along the sample surface.  Typically we recorded transmission spectra of an FTS-treated polymer, T$_{tr}(\omega)$, normalized by the transmission of a pristine sample, T$_{p}(\omega)$, on the same substrate.  It is customary to plot these data in the form of the change in absorption ($\Delta\alpha$d) defined as:

\begin{equation}
\Delta\alpha d  = 1- T_{tr}(\omega)/T_{p}(\omega)).
\label{fts}
\end{equation}

For the OFETs we characterized transmission, T(V$_{gs})$, at various gate voltages, V$_{gs}$, and normalized these data by T(V$_{gs}=0 V)$.  OFET data are presented as:

\begin{equation}
\Delta\alpha d  = 1 - T(V_{gs})/T(V_{gs}=0V),
\label{ofet}
\end{equation}

where d is the thickness of the accumulation layer (typically 1 - 2 nm) and T(V$_{gs}=0 V)$ corresponds to the transmission at zero V$_{gs}$.

\section{Results}

Figure \ref{DCplot} shows DC transport data for a P3HT film obtained during exposure to FTS vapor.  A dramatic increase of the DC current, by 5 - 6 orders of magnitude, is observed within the first few hours of the treatment.  The large background conductivity of P3HT/Si(111) samples before the FTS exposure (dashed line) is due to the shunt by the 30 k$\Omega\cdot$cm substrate.  The magnitude of the current in the saturated regime is similar for both P3HT/Si(111) and P3HT/glass. The effect of FTS on conductivity is persistent:  FTS-altered P3HT shows no degradation of the high-conductivity state, provided the samples are stored in high vacuum or in an
atmosphere of dry non-polar gases.  The conductivity lasts for weeks in ambient atmosphere albeit with some gradual degradation accelerated by humidity.  FTS-induced modification of the DC conductivity is similar to results reported for FTS layers grown at the surface of organic molecular crystals.\cite{podzorov-natmat2007} For molecular crystals, the FTS is restricted to the surface of the crystal; since FTS molecules cannot penetrate the tightly packed molecular structure, they form a self-assembled monolayer at the surface.\cite{podzorov-natmat2007} In a polymer with weak interchain interactions, however, the entire volume of a 10 nm film reacts with FTS, evidenced by a change in the color of P3HT from purple to transparent as the result of FTS exposure.\cite{kao-afm2009}

\begin{figure}
\centering
   \includegraphics[width=3.375in, height=2.53in]{Fig2.eps}
     \caption{IR response of P3HT film modified by electrostatic doping in an OFET structure and under exposure to FTS fumes.  Top panel:  Mid-IR absorption $\Delta\alpha$d $=  (1- $T(V$_{gs})$/T(V$_{gs} = 0 V )$ for a device gated at V$_{gs}=-90 V$ (black dashed curve) and V$_{gs}=-30 V$ (gray dashed curve); $\Delta\alpha$d $=  (1-$T$_{tr}$/T$_p)$ for FTS-modification with no applied bias (blue solid curve).  Bottom panel:  Change in the absorption coefficient $\Delta\alpha$ for the same device.  Bottom inset:  Schematic of FTS-treated OFET device.}
     \label{OFET}
\end{figure}

The three-terminal OFETs (Fig. \ref{OFET}) offer known advantages for studying electronic effects in organic semiconductors,\cite{bao-apl1996,zq-nanolett2006,zq-prb2007,bao-ofets,assadi-synthmet1990,brown-prb2001,friend-prl2003,dhoot-prl2006,braga-am2009,singh-armr2006,zq-prl2007,fischer-apl2007} and will serve as a reference system for characterizing the IR absorption associated with FTS effects on the electronic transport.  We first injected charges in a P3HT film by applying a gate voltage, forming a hole-accumulation layer in the polymer at the interface with SiO$_2$. With this gate-induced carrier density, we observed the spectroscopic fingerprints of electrostatic charge injection (black and grey dashed lines in top panel of Fig. \ref{OFET}).\cite{zq-nanolett2006} These include: (i) sharp peaks in the frequency range 1200 - 1400 cm$^{-1}$ attributable to infrared active vibrational modes (IRAVs) and (ii) a broad band centered around 3500 cm$^{-1}$ attributable to polaron absorption. The oscillator strength of these features, proportional to the area under $\Delta\alpha$d spectra, is voltage-dependent in agreement with published data.\cite{zq-nanolett2006}

After verifying the "fingerprint absorption" of the OFET, we subjected the same device to FTS fumes and repeated the measurements after 6 hours of exposure (blue line in top panel of Fig. \ref{OFET}).  In both cases, we observed sharp resonances in the frequency range between 1000 - 1500 cm$^{-1}$ and an absorption band centered at 4000 cm$^{-1}$.  The low frequency structure is reminiscent of IRAVs seen in the OFET. The apparent agreement is improved further with OFETs employing TiO$_2$ as the gate insulator, as SiO$_2$ allows observation of only the higher energy IRAVs.\cite{zq-nanolett2006}

Upon detailed investigation, however, we found that the FTS layer itself grown on various substrates (including KBr and SiO$_2$) exhibits absorption resonances in the same frequency range as the electrostatically-induced IRAVs in P3HT (inset in Fig. \ref{IRdata}).  Here we compare the absorption of P3HT two-terminal device subjected to FTS fumes to that of FTS-coated KBr.  Note that clean KBr substrates are transparent in the mid-IR, and since FTS does not induce any measureable DC conductivity in KBr, we conclude that these peaks are primarily formed by the intrinsic vibrational modes of an FTS self-assembled network.  The two largest peaks are most likely due to the six CF$_2$ groups in each molecule, which typically have stretching frequencies in this range.\cite{lenk-langmuir1994,taso-langmuir1997,sinapi-tsf2007}

The broad absorption band at higher frequencies (centered at ~4000 cm$^{-1}$) in the IR spectra of both the gated P3HT devices and P3HT altered by FTS in Figure \ref{OFET} arises from optical transitions to energy levels within the energy gap. In nondegenerate ground-state polymers, excess charges lead to the formation of either polaron or bipolaron states within the gap.  This absorption from the localized polaron states is a characteristic spectral feature of charge injection in polymers.  The distinction between polarons and bipolarons in the context of FTS-doping will be discussed in the next section, and the broad absorption will be referred to as a \textquotedblleft polaron band\textquotedblright for simplicity. Similar polaron bands are also observed in photoexcited and chemically-doped polymers, and their line shape can be quantitatively described by models of polaron absorption.\cite{jiang-afm2002,vardeny-prl2002,heeger-rmp1988,heeger-prb1989,horovitz-ssc1982,vardeny-synthmet2004,vardeny-science2000} The appearance of the prominent polaron band in the FTS-induced absorption in the OFET provides evidence of oxidation or p-type doping in the polymer host.  In control experiments, we exposed KBr, Si, and GaAs substrates to FTS vapors. We did not find any significant modification of the absorption in the range where FTS-altered P3HT displays a polaron band.  Although the polaron bands and IRAV resonances appear simultaneously in IR spectra for electrostatically and/or chemically doped polymers,\cite{zq-nanolett2006,zq-prb2007,heeger-prb1988,heeger-rmp1988,heeger-prb1989,vardeny-science2000} the contributions from direct absorption of the FTS network discussed above do not allow unambiguous identification of IRAV features of FTS-controlled P3HT.

We now analyze the strength of absorption of the gate-induced and FTS-induced polaron band in the P3HT film, both produced in the same OFET device.  It is customary to define an effective spectral weight

\begin{equation}
N_{eff}^P = \int_{Pol}{(\Delta\alpha}d)d\omega,
\label{neffeqn}
\end{equation}

where the integration is done over the polaron band.  According to the oscillator strength sum rule,\cite{dressel} this spectral weight is proportional to the density of charges participating in an absorption feature: a polaron band in this case.  The $\Delta\alpha$d spectra plotted in Figure \ref{OFET} reveal that FTS-induced absorption is an order of magnitude stronger compared to that of the OFET device under V$_{gs} = -90 V$. This enhancement is at least in part due to the bulk nature of the doping in the P3HT film caused by the reaction with FTS. Doping throughout the thickness of the film results in a larger net absorption than that obtained from gating the same OFET (gate-induced charges are confined within a 1 - 2 nm thick accumulation layer).  The bottom panel in Figure \ref{OFET} compares only the change in the absorption coefficient, $\Delta\alpha$.  After properly correcting for the difference in thicknesses of the respective layers, it is apparent that the FTS reaction still yields higher doping levels than obtained by applying the highest sustainable gate voltage (blue and black curves in lower panel of Fig. \ref{OFET}).

\begin{figure}
\centering
   \includegraphics[width=3.375in, height=2.53in]{Fig3.eps}
     \caption{IR absorption of four different P3HT-based structures extended down to 40 cm$^{-1}$ to include the far-IR range of the spectrum.  The blue curve is FTS-induced absorption of the FET device presented in Figure \ref{OFET}.  All other curves are 2-probe (ungated) P3HT/Si structures doped with FTS.  The curves are labeled according to their integrated polaron spectral weight (detailed in text) and listed in order of polaron absorption strength.  Inset:  Vibrational spectrum of an FTS-treated P3HT/Si sample and FTS-coated KBr substrate.}
     \label{IRdata}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{IRdata} shows IR absorption spectra for three different P3HT/Si two terminal structures and a P3HT OFET obtained in separate FTS treatments. The polaron band is reproduced in all spectra, reaffirming the assertion that this spectroscopic feature arises from doping by reaction with FTS. The oscillator strength of the polaron feature varies for different FTS treatment experiments, and can even vary across the same sample. The energy of the polaron absorption reflects the degree of order between polymer chains\cite{vardeny-science2000} and therefore can be expected to show some sample-to-sample variation. As shown in Figure \ref{IRdata}, we do find minor nonsystematic variation of the frequency of the polaron peak. Figure \ref{variation} shows data obtained by probing several different spots (separated by 1 mm) on the same two-terminal P3HT/Si sample. 1 mm is an enormous length scale compared to that of the features seen in AFM images of FTS-treated films,\cite{kao-afm2009} calling for further studies with nano-scale spatial resolution that are now possible.

Structures which showed the most intense polaron band oscillator strengths reveal an additional feature in the far-IR absorption (black trace in Fig. \ref{IRdata}, Fig. \ref{variation}).  The monotonic increase of this far-IR absorption towards lower frequencies (for $\omega <$ 1000 cm$^{-1}$) is the Drude-like response of delocalized charge carriers,\cite{dressel} and apparently signifies metallic transport in FTS-doped films.  The low-energy absorption persists at low temperatures, consistent with the notion of metallic transport, with a modified $\omega$-dependence to be reported in a separate publication. From the data in Fig. \ref{variation}, we extract a two-dimensional (2D) conductivity of $\sigma_{DC}^{2D} = $.970 $k\Omega^{-1}$, which is consistent with the highest values seen in transport. \cite{kao-afm2009} The coexistence of metallic (delocalized) and polaronic (localized) states may point to a phase-separated system.

Additionally from Fig. \ref{variation}, the Drude absorption appears to be more uniform over the large length scale considered. This suggests that the variation in the mid-IR absorption is likely due to light scattering, as opposed to inhomogeneities in the FTS treatment. Some inevitable swelling occurs in doped films, altering the surface morphology and leading to a reduced IR signal through regions with large surface irregularities. IR microscopy at the nano-scale is necessary to resolve such issues of inhomogeneity.\cite{mumtazPRB2009}

\section{Analysis and Discussion}

\begin{figure}
\centering
   \includegraphics[width=3.375in, height=2.53in]{Fig4.eps}
     \caption{IR absorption spectra collected from different spots on a single $1x1$ cm$^{2}$ P3HT/Si sample doped with FTS to saturation. Probed locations are separated by 1 mm}
     \label{variation}
\end{figure}

The gate-induced or doping-induced carrier density in P3HT can be extracted from the spectroscopic data.  Note that an OFET can be modeled as a parallel plate capacitor in which the charge density $N_{2D}$ is proportional to the applied gate voltage:

\begin{equation}
N_{2D} = \frac{\kappa \epsilon_{0}}{eL} V_{gs},
\label{n2d}
\end{equation}

where $\kappa$ and $L$ are the dielectric constant and thickness of the gate insulator, respectively.  Naturally, $N_{2D}$ is the same at both interfaces of the dielectric (i.e., in the gate electrode and in the OFET accumulation layer).  The 2D carrier density in an accumulation layer in the P3HT-based OFET can thus be obtained directly from the applied gate voltage.  Using the effective spectral weight $N_{eff}^P$ defined earlier (Eqn. \ref{neffeqn}), there exists a one-to-one correspondance between the carrier density and the strength of the polaron absorption. The validity of this approach is confirmed by the linear dependence of $N_{eff}^P$ on V$_{gs}$ observed in OFETs with SiO$_2$ insulator (red triangles in Fig. \ref{neff}).  Previous work on SiO$_2$-based P3HT OFETs has shown a 2D carrier density reaching 10$^{13}$ holes/cm$^2$ at V$_{gs} = -100 V$ in structures with similar thickness of the gate insulator\cite{zq-prb2007} and is limited by the break-down of the insulator.

\begin{figure}
\centering
   \includegraphics[width=3.375in, height=2.53in]{Fig5.eps}
     \caption{Effective 2D spectral weight of the polaron band $N_{eff}^P$ and corresponding 2D carrier density plotted as a function of the applied gate voltage for SiO$_2$ ($\mid$V$_{gs}$$\mid$=0-100V) and TiO$_2$ ($\mid$V$_{gs}$$\mid$=0-30V)-based FET devices (triangles).  The blue circles are $N_{eff}^P$ and $N_{2D}$ associated with the FTS-doped P3HT structures, with error bars due to the uncertainties in film thickness. Dotted and dashed lines indicate doping levels of 5\% and 10\%, respectively, for P3HT.}
     \label{neff}
\end{figure}

The doping-induced carrier density in FTS-treated P3HT can then be obtained by integrating the absorption spectra:

\begin{equation}
N^P_{eff, FTS} = \int_{Pol}{(\Delta\alpha)d\omega}.
\label{nefffts}
\end{equation}

Figure \ref{neff} shows a comparison of  for the OFET- and FTS-based methods of introducing charge carriers.  It is evident from the plot that much higher carrier densities are attainable in FTS-doped P3HT, delivering as much as an order of magnitude enhancement over OFETs.

The capacitor model indicates that carrier densities in OFETs can in principle be increased with an appropriate choice of gate insulator.  However, the experimental reality of OFETs employing high dielectric constant oxides as gate insulators is more complex than this simple conjecture.  In Figure \ref{neff} we plot data for OFETs with TiO$_2$ ($\kappa=37$) and SiO$_2$ ($\kappa=3.9$),\cite{zq-nanolett2006} and indeed devices employing TiO$_2$ dielectrics show strong enhancement of the carrier density (blue triangles), but only at small V$_{gs}$ in the regime where the carrier density still varies linearly with the gate voltage.  At V$_{gs}$ approaching $-30 V$ ideal OFET behavior is arrested due to high leakage current preempting breakdown at yet higher V$_{gs}$.  In our experience, TiO$_2$ dielectrics yield no sizable improvement to the maximum possible carrier densities in OFETs compared to SiO$_2$-based devices.  The data in Figure \ref{neff} reaffirm that FTS modification of polymers offers a viable means to achieve carrier densities significantly exceeding that of oxide-based OFETs.  It is important to note that the FTS-induced carrier densities shown in Fig. \ref{neff} are calculated considering only the polaron band. Including the low-energy Drude absorption in the integral in Eqn. (\ref{nefffts}) puts the density of injected carriers from FTS molecules slightly higher in the 10$^{14}$ holes/cm$^2$ range for the highly-doped films.

\begin{figure}
\centering
   \includegraphics[width=3.375in, height=2.53in]{Fig6.eps}
     \caption{Schematic energy level diagram displaying three possible scenarios for an insulator-metal transition in P3HT upon doping: (i) a first-order transition from a bipolaron to a polaron lattice, leading to a partially-filled band; the (ii) polaron or (iii) bipolaron band broadens to merge with the valence band.}
     \label{MIT}
\end{figure}

Data reported in Figs. \ref{IRdata} - \ref{neff} may reveal additional details about the insulator-metal transition that occurs in doped P3HT. In Ref. \onlinecite{zq-prb2007}, three possible theoretical scenarios were suggested to describe the IMT in P3HT: (i) a first-order transition between a bipolaron and a polaron lattice, (ii) a gap closure between the polaron band and the valence band, and (iii) a gap closure between the bipolaron band and the valence band. A schematic diagram of these three possibilities for a transition is displayed in Fig. \ref{MIT}. The critical doping concentration for both scenarios (i) and (iii) was predicted to be near 10\%, or \~ 10$^{13}$ /cm$^2$, while for scenario (ii) it is closer to 5\%.  It is evident from Fig. \ref{neff} that 10$^{13}$ /cm$^2$ is barely attainable in gated OFETs. Despite being on the cusp of the IMT, no signs of metallic conductivity are evident in the OFET absorption data at the highest gate voltages. Using a theoretical model originally proposed by Brazovskii and Kirova,\cite{BKjetp1981} the lowest optical transition frequency was calculated to be 0.16 eV for polarons, and 0.45 eV for bipolarons.\cite{zq-prb2007} With these energies in mind, P3HT OFET data show one broad absorption at 3500 cm$^{-1}$ (0.44 eV) at all dopings up to 10\%, indicating that this absorption is likely due to bipolarons.  This suggests a merging of the valence and bipolaron band as the mechanism by which an IMT occurs.

Here, we have increased the carrier density in P3HT an order of magnitude further, with clear signs of metallicity, and both the peak structure and position of the mid-IR absorption band have not changed appreciably.  Therefore, in light of the three IMT scenarios presented earlier, the new data would provide additional evidence for the physical picture of a bipolaron band merging with the valence band to form a partially-filled (metallic) energy band. Previous work on P3HT has led to numerous interpretations of the low-energy excitations in the absorption spectrum for the various methods of introducing excess charges (electrostatic, chemical, etc.).\cite{zq-prb2007,jiang-afm2002,vardeny-science2000,sirringhausNature1999, wohlgenanntPRB2004}  To evaluate these interpretations as well as the models used to calculate polaron and bipolaron energies, effects such as disorder must be taken into account.  This is especially true in the case of FTS doping, where the penetration of FTS molecules into the bulk of the P3HT film may have a significant effect on the local order of the polymer chains. Perhaps more importantly, most of the theoretical models used to calculate these energies assume non-interacting polarons.  In order to completely capture all of the essential physics at such high carrier densities near the IMT, interactions between the polarons must be taken into consideration.\cite{iadonisiEuro1999,fratiniPRB2009}

The previous interpretation of a continuous transition from an insulating to metallic state is based upon the assumption of a homogeneous film.  This may not necessarily be the case.  The coexistence of metallic and localized features in the IR absorption data (Figs. \ref{IRdata} and \ref{variation}) for FTS-doped films is indicative of phase separation.  Earlier, Dhoot et al. estimated that a small fraction ($\sim$ 1\%) of the field-induced carriers in regio-regular P3HT OFETs occupy delocalized states at high carrier densities, while most charges remain in the lower-energy localized states.\cite{dhoot-prl2006} Phase separation may be a common attribute among conducting polymers.  Earlier work on heavily-doped polyacetylene has demonstrated metallic absorption appearing simultaneously with localized excitations (IRAVs). Recent work on polyaniline, however, has demonstrated a metallic response in reflectance simultaneously with reduced-strength IRAVs.\cite{heeger-nature2006} The strong absorption of FTS molecules obscures the IRAV spectrum in FTS-doped P3HT, but it is important to note that the metallic response observed in Fig. \ref{IRdata} occurs simultaneously with the highest polaron absorption, relative to other treated samples. Truly resolving these issues certainly requires these effects to be thoroughly studied at the nano-scale.

\section{Conclusions}

The IR data (Figs. \ref{OFET}, \ref{IRdata}) confirm the assertion that the large increase in DC conductivity in FTS-treated structures is based on doping via electron transfer from the conjugated polymer to electronegative FTS molecules located nearby the polymer chains.  The data in Figure \ref{neff} demonstrate that carrier densities in FTS-doped films are significantly higher than those in OFETs, with the highest values reaching nearly 10$^{14}$ holes/cm$^2$.  Such strong doping is indicated by the significantly enhanced polaron band and the strong far-infrared Drude-like absorption. The range of carrier densities is consistent with the variation seen in transport measurements of FTS-treated P3HT, which typically have saturated DC conductivities in the range $\sigma_{DC}^{2D}$ = 10$^{-4}$ - 10$^{-3}$ $\Omega^{-1}$.\cite{kao-afm2009}  The Drude-like form of the far-IR absorption is characteristic of a free carrier response.  These data therefore indicate that FTS-controlled films can be doped to sufficiently high carrier densities (of order 10$^{14}$ holes/cm$^{2}$ or 10$^{21}$/cm$^{3}$) to be on the metallic side of the insulator-to-metal transition.  The transition to the metallic state in this highly-doped regime is in accord with the analysis of required carrier densities.\cite{zq-prb2007} With the number of carriers surpassing 10$^{14}$ holes/cm$^2$, FTS-doping provides an opportunity to study the nature of the insulator-to-metal transition in conjugated polythiophenes. When combined with IR nanoscopy, these studies can directly address competing physical descriptions of the IMT, such as phase separation or a continuous transition to metallic states.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
This work is supported by AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0566 and University of California.

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