text:
German to English
German Media Coverage on Iran's Green Movement in English Translations
Iran Imposes 30 Year Professional Ban on Female Blogger
Published in German weekly trade journal "Computerwoche" on 23 June 2010
Source (German): http://www.computerwoche.de/information/1938583/
English translation: @germantoenglish
Zhila Bani Yaghoub, Iranian blogger and journalist
The Iranian female blogger Zhila Bani Yaghoub received this year's "Reporters without Borders Award". The regime in Tehran recently sentenced her to one year in prison and a 30 year professional ban.
According to the verdict of the 26. court of the Tehran Revolutionary Court Bani Yaghoub is guilty of "propaganda against the state leadership". Bani Yaghoub was informed about her sentence on June 8. She is going to file an appeal against the verdict.
Bani Yaghoub, journalist and human rights acitivist, runs the blog "We are journalists". The blog takes a critical look at the situation in Iran. On June 22 the human rights organization "Reporters without borders" awarded her for her journalistic activities in [the German city of] Bonn.
Bani Yaghoub was not allowed to leave the country to attend the award ceremony on June 22. Her speech (see below) was read out during the ceremony. She states that "more than 40 other journalists and bloggers are imprisoned in Iran" apart from herself. Some have been sentenced to six or even nine years imprisonment, others are facing similar sentences.
In 2009, Reporters without Borders (ROG) has counted 60 countries in which the internet is being censored – twice as many as the year before. The "Open Net Initiative" (ONI), supported by the renowned universities of Harvard, Oxford, Cambridge and Toronto, has counted about 40 countries. For comparison: In 2002 only two countries implemented restrictions of internet freedom, according to ONI.
About 120 bloggers are currently imprisoned world wide, among them 72 internet dissidents in China, says the report "Enemies of the Internet" that was published on Thursday.
"Dear Journalists and Bloggers from all over the world"
first of all, I would like to tell you that I am writing this note to you after I was recently sentenced to one year in prison – and banned from practicing journalism for 30 years – by the Islamic Republic of Iran's Revolutionary Court. One of the reasons they named for handing me this harsh sentence was the articles I wrote on my weblog, the weblog that Reporters Without Borders chose as the best blog from among Deutsche Welle's International Blog Awards, The BOBs. On this blog I wrote about people's protests against the disputed presidential election in Iran last year.
Currently, more than 40 journalists and webloggers are imprisoned in Iran. Some of them have been sentenced to six or even nine years in prison, and still others are expecting similar court sentences. These prisoners did not commit any crime; they simply pursued the career and duties of a journalist.
One of these imprisoned journalists is my husband, Bahman Ahmadi Amouee. He was arrested during the post-election crisis. My husband was sentenced to 34 lashes, along with seven years and four months in prison. His greatest crime was publishing critical articles about Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's government on his personal weblog and in Iranian dailies. For one year now, he has been held in prison – alongside many other journalists – for no legitimate reason.
I would like to thank Reporters Without Borders for awarding me this prize, and I would like to dedicate my prize to my imprisoned husband, Bahman, and to all imprisoned Iranian bloggers, especially Shiva Nazar Ahari. Thank you so much."
Bani Yaghoubs Persian blog provides latest information on the situation in Iran, focusing on social and women-related issues, writes media service "Meedia". "Zhila is a pioneer for freedom of opinion in her country", said Lucie Morillon, head of the ROG department "New Media" during the proclamation of the winners of the "Best of the Blogs" competition.
According to ROG, more than one year after the contested victory of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in the presidential elections of 2009, the extent of repression and prosecution of critical voices in Iran is dramatic: More than 170 Iranian journalists and bloggers were arrested in the past 12 months. 38 of them are still in prison. More than 100 media professionals left the Islamic Republic since the presidential elections. (jm)
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Thunder Power TP-01 Debuts In Frankfurt, As Well As All-Electric SUV
Sep 13, 2017 at 4:00pm ET
By: Mark Kane
Thunder Power was back at the Frankfurt Motor Show with its electric Sedan, this time dressed in full test-camouflage (we guess that is what that look is), after the concept debuted in 2015.
Thunder Power TP-01
There has been development on the project's progress over the past two years - but less than expected, as the market launch is now delayed to 2019 (it was originally planned for 2017/2018).
The Thunder Power Sedan is to be made available in few versions, just like Tesla Model S. There will be also be a Limited Edition.
Here is some spec data:
Range up to 650 km/400 miles (NEDC)
Battery capacity up to 125 kWh
Traction option RWD rear or AWD (*2 or 3 motors, Traction control Torque vectoring system)
Maximum speed up to 250 km/h
Acceleration 0 – 100 km/h (62 mph) < 4.0s
System power up to 430 KW (*depending upon model configuration)
Beside the sedan, Thunder Power intends to also offer an SUV, which was presented at the show in concept version (see gallery below). The SUV is scheduled for 2020.
Both the SUV and Sedan will be based on the same rolling chassis.
Thunder Power TP-01 rolling chassis
About the Thunder Power EVs:
TP-01: Stunning return to IAA
Taking a break from testing duties to make a guest appearance in Frankfurt, TP-01 is the first development prototype produced using pre-series materials and components. Its primary function is testing, development and validation of dynamic & battery performance. With mass production scheduled in under two years, the engineering process is in full swing. Since its debut at IAA 2015, the Thunder Power Sedan has been developed from the original concept vehicle with noticeable styling and aerodynamic enhancements to both the front and rear of the car giving a more mature and striking on-road presence.
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Thunder Power SUV concept
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Thunder Power's core competence lies in its proprietary technologies, this includes the all-new innovative and revolutionary modular chassis and suspension system, showcased at Frankfurt.
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To celebrate the launch of the Thunder Power premium electric vehicle collection, a special edition coupe is now being prepared for release. Strictly limited to just 488 cars globally, the elegant coupe features a 4WD drivetrain with torque-vectoring and is powered by a 488 kW electric powertrain. A refined and spacious interior will be sculpted from the finest Italian leather, customized to each buyer's personal taste. And every model will have its unique serial number laser-inscribed plaque installed, making each a true collectible.
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Thunder Power recently opened their brand new manufacturing centre in Ganzhou, in south-eastern China's Jiangxi province. A multibillion RMB joint venture with the Gannan state industrial fund, the facility provides an emphatic demonstration of the company's long term commitment to China and the wider Asia Pacific region. In Europe, meanwhile, Chairman & CEO Wellen Sham has signed an agreement with Mr Jordi Baiget, the Catalan Minister for Business and Knowledge for the construction of a second manufacturing site based in Catalonia, Spain. Thunder Power's affiliate company Electric Power Technology has also recently come to an agreement with the Taoyuan City government to build a new battery pack manufacturing facility in Taiwan.
Tesla Heat Issue Drags On: Now It's Model 3s With No Heat Pump
Frankfurt Motor Show
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Son of God Sundays Coming to a Mosque Near You!
The National Coalition of Good Muslims (NCGM) is excited to announce the launch of the "Son of God Sundays" (SOGS) campaign. The goal of this campaign is to get Mosques around the country to host Church services on Sundays and to show the world that Muslims are a tolerant people.
"This effort seeks to prove that we are good Muslims and that we will protect our Christian brethren until the end or until all of the Muslims have been effectively eliminated from the planet," said lead organizer and President of NCGM Mahmoud Mohammed Mahmoud Mohammed.
As opposed to the upcoming Friday prayer services to be held this week at the National Cathedral, rather than allowing only 100 guests, the SOGS campaign will be open to the general Christian public. However congregants signing up for SOGS will be required to bring their own pews with them until the NCGM is able to raise money for portable pews.
"We are hoping that this campaign will really buttress the interfaith movement, and that of course our people don't erupt into rage upon seeing SOGers showing up at their Mosques for the Sunday prayer," Mohsin added.
The SOGS campaign is being launched on Friday alongside the Muslim prayers at the National Cathedral. The NCGM hopes that this effort will bring them one step closer to unattainable Whiteness and Americanness.
Unlike Muslims who are expected to condemn and apologize for every act of violence that happens anywhere in the world, Christians attending SOGS will be exempt from this responsibility and treated as individuals.
The first SOGS will take place on Sunday, November 16th, at the ADAMS center in Sterling and will begin at 10 a.m.


text:
\section{\label{sec:intro}INTRODUCTION}

Evidence of the existence of magnetic fields is known in many
astronomical objects. These fields are believed to be generated and
sustained by a dynamo process (e.g. \citet{Moffatt}), and often these
objects are characterized by the presence of large scale flows (such
as rotation) and turbulent fluctuations. These two ingredients are known
to be crucial for magnetohydrodynamic dynamos. In recent years, significant
advances have been made either studying large scale flows dynamos in the
kinematic approximation, or using direct numerical simulations to study
turbulent amplification of magnetic fields in simplified geometries.

In a previous paper \citep{Ponty04}, a study of the self-generation
of magnetic fields in a turbulent conducting fluid was reported. The
study was computational and dealt mainly with effects of lowering
the magnetic Prandtl number $P_M$ of the fluid (ratio of kinematic
viscosity to magnetic diffusivity). The velocity field was externally
excited by a forcing term on the right hand side of the equation of
motion whose geometry was that of what has come to be called the
``Taylor-Green vortex''
\citep{Taylor37,Morf80,Pelz85,Nore97,Marie03,Bourgoin04}. The regime of
operation was one of kinetic Reynolds number $\gg 1$ (so that the
fluid motions were turbulent), and the emphasis was on how large the
magnetic Reynolds numbers had to be in order that infinitesimal magnetic
fields could be amplified and grow to macroscopic values.

Here, we want to describe and stress another aspect of the
Taylor-Green dynamo. In particular, we have found computationally
that it has an oscillatory regime, for not too large a Reynolds number,
in which energy is passed back and forth regularly between the
mechanical motions and the magnetic excitations in a way we believe
to be new. Out of the velocity field emerges a geometrically-regular,
time-averaged pattern involving coherent magnetic and mechanical
oscillations.

As the Reynolds number is increased, the resulting flow has
a well defined large scale pattern and non-helical turbulent
fluctuations. In this case, the oscillations disappear and the
magnetic field grows at scales both larger and smaller than the
integral scale of the flow. After the nonlinear saturation of the
dynamo, velocity field fluctuations are partially suppressed and a
magnetic field with a spatial pattern reminiscent of the low Reynolds
number case can be identified. This complex evolution of the magnetic
field can be understood studying the role played by the energy transfer
in Fourier space.

In Sec. \ref{sec:computation}, we describe the numerical experiments
and outline a typical time history of the development of an
oscillatory dynamo. We then go on to show how, by increasing the
Reynolds number, the oscillatory behavior can be suppressed. In
Sec. \ref{sec:results}, we make use of color displays of the field
quantities to demonstrate the cycle of the oscillation and to reveal
the intriguing and complexly varying three-dimensional pattern that
characterizes it. The pattern, though regular, is difficult to see
through completely in physical terms. Finally, Sec. \ref{sec:discussion}
suggests some precedents, provides a partial explanation, and
considers other similar situations where such coherence may or may
not be expected to emerge out of turbulent disorder.

\section{\label{sec:computation}THE COMPUTATION}

The Taylor-Green vortex is a flow with an initial periodic velocity
field
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{v}_{\rm TG}(k_0)= \left[ \begin{array}{c}
     \sin(k_0 x) \cos(k_0 y) \cos(k_0 z)  \\
     -\cos(k_0 x) \sin(k_0 y) \cos(k_0 z) \\
     0  \end{array} \right] ,
\label{eq:TG}
\end{equation}
and was originally motivated as an initial condition that, though
highly symmetric, would lead to the rapid development of small
spatial scales \citep{Taylor37}. We introduce it here on the right
hand side of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equation on motion for
the velocity field $\mathbf{v}$:
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial \mathbf{v}}{\partial t} + \mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla \mathbf{v} = -\nabla {\cal P}
     + \mathbf{j} \times \mathbf{B} - \nu \nabla \times \mbox{\boldmath $\omega$} + F \mathbf{v}_{\rm TG} ,
\label{eq:NS}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{B}$ is the magnetic field, advanced by
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t} + \mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla \mathbf{B} =
     \mathbf{B} \cdot \nabla \mathbf{v} - \eta \nabla \times \mathbf{j} .
\label{eq:ind}
\end{equation}
Eqs. (\ref{eq:NS}) and (\ref{eq:ind}) are to be solved pseudospectrally.
The current density is $\mathbf{j} = \nabla \times \mathbf{B}$ (we use the common
dimensionless ``Alfv\'enic'' units), $F$ is a forcing amplitude, and
$k_0 = 2 (2 \pi/L)$, where $L=2 \pi$ is chosen as the basic periodicity
length in all three directions. In the incompressible case,
$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{v} = 0$ and $\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0$; $\nu^{-1}$ and
$\eta^{-1}$ are (dimensionless) mechanical and magnetic Reynolds numbers
since we take as characteristic velocity and length $U_0 = 1$, $L_0 = 1$
leading to an eddy turnover time of order unity; and ${\cal P}$ is the
dimensionless pressure, normalized by the (uniform) mass density.

The strategy is to turn on a non-zero force $F$ at $t=0$ and allow the
code to run for a time as a purely Navier-Stokes code, with the $\mathbf{B}$
and $\mathbf{j}$ fields set at zero. The initial velocity field is given by
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{v}_0 = -\frac{F}{\nu} \nabla^{-2} \mathbf{v}_{\rm TG} .
\end{equation}
and the amplitude of $F$ is set to obtain an initial unitary
{\it r.m.s.} velocity. As the system evolves, more modes are excited
and the dissipation increases. To maintain the kinetic energy at the
same level, the amplitude of the force is controlled during the
hydrodynamic simulation to compensate the dissipation. At each time $t$,
the energy injection rate
\begin{equation}
\epsilon = F(t) \int{ \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{v}_{\rm TG} \, \textrm{d}^3x} ,
\end{equation}
and the enstrophy
\begin{equation}
\Omega = \int{ \left( \nabla \times \mathbf{v} \right)^2 \, \textrm{d}^3x} ,
\end{equation}
are computed, and the amplitude of the external force needed to overcome
dissipation is computed as
\begin{equation}
F^* = \frac{2 \nu \Omega F(t)}{\epsilon}
\end{equation}
The response of the velocity field to the change in the external force
has a certain delay, and to avoid spurious fluctuations the average
value $\left< F^* \right>$ of this quantity is computed for the last
nine time steps, as well as the averaged error in the energy balance
${\cal E} = \left< 2 \nu \Omega - \epsilon \right>$. Finally, the
amplitude of the external force at time $t+\Delta t$ is updated as
\begin{equation}
F(t+\Delta t) = 0.9 F^* + \left( 0.1 \left< F^* \right> + 0.01 \cal{E}
    \right)/9 .
\end{equation}
Once a stationary state is reached, the last computed amplitude of
the force can be used to restart the simulation with constant force
instead of constant energy. In this case, the energy fluctuates
around its original value, and the {\it r.m.s} velocity averaged
in time is unitary. This value of the {\it r.m.s} velocity, and the
integral length scale $\ell_{int}$ of the resulting flow are used
to defined the Reynolds numbers in the following sections. For a
different scheme to compensate the dissipation see e.g.
\citet{Archontis03}.

Once the stationary kinetic state is reached, the magnetic field is
seeded with randomly-chosen Fourier coefficients and allowed to
amplify. All the magnetohydrodynamic simulations are done with
constant force, and the amplitude $F$ is obtained as previously
discussed. The initial magnetic field is non-helical, with the
magnetic energy smaller than the kinetic energy at all wavenumbers,
and a spectrum satisfying a $k^2$ power law at large scales and an
exponential decay at small scales. A previous paper has described
the ``kinematic dynamo'' regime in which the magnetic excitations,
while growing, are too small to affect the velocity field yet
\citep{Ponty04}. In particular, a threshold curve for magnetic field
amplification was constructed in the plane whose axes are magnetic
Prandtl number, $P_M \equiv \nu / \eta$, and magnetic Reynolds number.
As $P_M^{-1}$ increases, there is a sharp rise in the dynamo threshold,
followed by a plateau. Here, the purpose is to follow the evolution
of $\mathbf{B}$ out of the kinematic regime and observe whatever saturation
mechanisms may set in.

\section{\label{sec:results}COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS}

Table 1 summarizes the parameters of the four runs we have carried
out. Runs A and A$'$ have relatively low mechanical and magnetic
Reynolds numbers ($\sim 40$, based on the integral length scale
and the {\it r.m.s} velocity) while runs B and B$'$ have mechanical
Reynolds numbers $R_V = 675$. The magnetic Reynolds numbers $R_M$
for runs A, A$'$ are $33.7$ and $37.8$, respectively, while those for
B, B$'$ were $240.2$ and $270$, respectively. These values of $R_M$
were in all cases above the previously-determined thresholds
\citep{Ponty04} for magnetic field growth (see Fig. \ref{fig:RMC}).
Note that $R_M$ for runs A and B is 6\% above threshold, while
runs A$'$ and B$'$ are 20\% above threshold. We chose $k_0=2$ in all
cases, so that the kinetic energy spectrum peaks at
$k = k_0 \sqrt{3} \approx 3$. As previously mentioned, the amplitude
of the external force was constant during the MHD simulation, and
given by $F = 0.926$ in runs A and A$'$, and $F = 0.37$ in runs
B and B$'$.

\begin{table*}[!h]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \hline
Run & $\nu$         & $\eta$        & $R_V$ & $R_M$ & $R_M^c$ & $P_M$
& $\ell_{int}$ & $\lambda$ & $N$     & $\Delta$ \\
\hline \hline
A   & $5\; 10^{-2}$ & $6\; 10^{-2}$ & 40.5  & 33.7  & 31.7    & 0.83
& 2.02       & 1.69      & $64^3$  & 6        \\
\hline
B  & $2\; 10^{-3}$ &$5.62\; 10^{-3}$& 675   & 240.2 & 226.4   & 0.35
& 1.35       & 0.6       & $256^3$ & 6        \\
\hline
A$'$& $5\; 10^{-2}$ &$5.35\; 10^{-2}$& 40.5 & 37.8  & 31.7    & 0.93
& 2.02       & 1.69      & $64^3$  & 20       \\
\hline
B$'$& $2\; 10^{-3}$ & $5\; 10^{-3}$ & 675   & 270   & 226.4   & 0.4
& 1.35       & 0.6       & $256^3$ & 20       \\
\hline \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{table}
\caption{Simulations. The Reynolds numbers $R_V$ and $R_M$ are based on
         the integral lengthscale $\ell_{int}$, while $\lambda$ is the
         Taylor scale. $R_M^c$ is the critical Reynolds number obtained
         for $R_V$, and the magnetic Prandtl number is $P_M = \nu/\eta$.
         $N$ is the spatial grid resolution used in the simulation, and
         $\Delta$ gives the percentage above threshold in $R_M$ for
         each simulation.}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure}
\plotone{f1.eps}
\caption{Critical magnetic Reynolds $R_M^c$ for dynamo action (thick solid
         line) inferred from direct numerical simulations (crosses), as a
         function of $R_V$ \citep{Ponty04}. The position of the runs
         discussed in Table \ref{table} are indicated by symbols: run A
         (diamond), A$'$ (triangle), B (square), and B$'$ (star).}
\label{fig:RMC}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Low Reynolds numbers and close to threshold}

The behavior at saturation is very different for the high and low
Reynolds numbers. The histories of the energies for runs A and B (both
6\% above threshold) are displayed in Fig. \ref{fig:EAB}. The upper two
curves are the kinetic energies of these runs, a solid line for run
A and a dotted one for run B. The lower two curves are the magnetic
energies, with the same conventions. The origin of time is chosen
from the moment when the seed magnetic fields are introduced.

\begin{figure}
\plotone{f2.eps}
\caption{(color online) Time history of kinetic (upper blue curves) and
         magnetic energy (lower curves) for runs A at low Reynolds
         (solid lines) and B at high Reynolds (dotted lines) both 6\%
         above threshold.}
\label{fig:EAB}
\end{figure}

It is clear that saturation is achieved unsystematically for the
high $R_V$ run B, with the resulting magnetic energy smaller than
the kinetic energy and both in a statistically steady state. The
solid lines associated with the lower Reynolds number
run A, however, show a systematic, sharp oscillation in both energies,
with the maxima of one coinciding with the minima of the other. This
is clearly a significantly different behavior from the high $R_V$
case, and is only partially understood. Such out-of-phase oscillations
have already been observed in the nonlinear regime in constrained
geometries, for example using a quasi-geostrophic model for strongly
rotating flows \citep{Schaeffer04}, or a 2.5D formulation for the Ekman
layer instability \citep{Ponty01}.

In the two simulations presented in Fig. \ref{fig:EAB} $R_M$ is 6\%
larger than $R_M^c$, and the growth rates during the kinematic regime
are similar. While $\eta$ is one order of magnitude smaller in run B
than in run A, the nonlinear saturation in both runs takes place at
approximately the same time. In both runs the integral turnover time
is approximately the same. This contrasts with dynamos in flows with
net helicity, where the nonlinear saturation was shown to occur in a
magnetic diffusion time \citep{Brandenburg01a} (this diffusion time
is of the order of $50$ for run A, and $560$ for run B). Note that
although the flow generated by the Taylor-Green force is locally
helical, the net helicity of the flow in the entire domain is zero.

The forcing term generating the flow from Eqs. (\ref{eq:NS}) and
(\ref{eq:ind}) is initially entirely in the horizontal ($x,y$)
directions. It is essentially a vortical flow whose phase oscillates
with increasing $z$. The velocity field in Eq. (\ref{eq:NS}) is
not, however, a steady state, and vertical ($z$) components
develop quickly, leading to an approximately meridional flow to
be added to the toroidal one in each cell. A total streamline will
resemble the shape of a wire wrapped around the outside of a
doughnut, diagonally, which enters the hole of the doughnut
at the bottom and emerges at the top.

The amplification process for the magnetic field is difficult to
visualize in this geometry. Field lines seem to be sucked into the
hole of the doughnut and stretched and twisted in the process. The
resulting amplified magnetic flux is then deposited and piled up
in the horizontal planes between the cells. This flux, in turn, is
the source of the field lines which are further sucked into the
holes in the doughnut and amplified. In the kinematic regime,
but in a different geometry (including boundary conditions), the
amplification of a magnetic field by a similar flow was also
discussed in \citet{Marie03,Bourgoin04}.

Throughout the process, the rate of doing work by the magnetic
field on the velocity field originates in the Lorentz force
contribution, $-(\mathbf{j} \times \mathbf{B}) \cdot \mathbf{v}$. This energy input
into the magnetic field is Ohmically dissipated by the $\eta j^2$
integral. As the magnetic field grows, the fluid must work harder
mechanically, because $\mathbf{j}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are increasing. Since $F$ is
constant, eventually a limit is reached where $\mathbf{v}$ can no longer
transfer energy to $\mathbf{B}$ at its previous rate and slows down.
At that point, the magnetic energy begins to be transferred in
the reverse sense so that $\mathbf{v}$ grows again as $\mathbf{j}$ and $\mathbf{B}$
become weaker. The cyclic nature of the process ensues.

It is revealing to decompose $(\mathbf{j} \times \mathbf{B}) \cdot \mathbf{v}$ spectrally
and plot the Fourier transform
$-\widehat{[(\mathbf{j} \times \mathbf{B}) \cdot \mathbf{v}]}_\mathbf{k}$ as a function of $k$,
as shown in Fig. \ref{fig:jtrans_lowRe} for run A. The peak near $k=3$
shows that this is the region where the mechanical work is being done to
create the magnetic energy. The curve is plotted at four times during
a complete oscillation, including $t=344$, where the magnetic energy
is at its maximum during the cycle, and $t=360$, where the magnetic
energy is at its minimum.

\begin{figure}
\plotone{f3.eps}
\caption{Fourier spectrum of $-(\mathbf{j} \times \mathbf{B}) \cdot \mathbf{v}$ for
         different times for run A for one oscillation.}
\label{fig:jtrans_lowRe}
\end{figure}

There is considerable structure to the flow for these low Reynolds
number cases, anchored by the driving term in Eq. (\ref{eq:NS}).
Figs. \ref{fig:meridional} show instantaneous plots of the velocity
field components along a vertical cut at $x=3\pi/8$ and $y=\pi/4$,
as functions of $z$ for run A. This cut corresponds to a line in the
$z$ direction displaced (in the $xy$ plane) out of the center line of
the vortices imposed by the external Taylor-Green force (corresponding
to $x=y=\pi/4$). Plotted in Fig. \ref{fig:meridional}.a is
$(v_y^2+v_z^2)^{1/2}$ {\it vs.} $z$, and in Fig. \ref{fig:meridional}.b,
$v_x$ {\it vs.} $z$. In both curves, four different times are shown.
In this cut, $v_x$ corresponds to the amplitude of the toroidal
flow associated with the vortices imposed by the forcing, while
$(v_y^2+v_z^2)^{1/2}$ can be associated with the meridional flow
previously defined. Note the mirror symmetries satisfied by the flow.
As the oscillations evolve, not only the amplitude of the flow changes,
but also the position of the maxima are slightly displaced. The flow
geometry will be clarified in more detail in Figs. \ref{fig:vcut}.

\begin{figure}
\plotone{f4.eps}
\caption{(a) $(v_y^2+v_z^2)^{1/2}$, and (b) $v_x$ as a function of $z$
         at $x=3\pi/8$ and $y=\pi/4$, and at different times for
         run A, for one oscillation.}
\label{fig:meridional}
\end{figure}

In Figs. \ref{fig:vcut}.a,b are exhibited cross-sectional plots of the
velocity field in the plane $z=0$ at two different times for run A. The
arrows show the directions of $v_x$, $v_y$ and the colors indicate the
values of $v_z$, positive (light) or negative (dark), at the same
locations. Note the sixteen vortices imposed by the external Taylor-Green
forcing with $k_0 = 2$. The amplitude of these vortices is modulated
in $z$, and at $\pi/2$ the same structure is obtained in the flow but
with the vortices rotating in the opposite direction. Most of the
stretching of magnetic field takes place in these cells. Between these
structures, at $z=\pi/4$, stagnation points are present where the
magnetic field piles up, as will be shown.

Figs. \ref{fig:vcut}.c,d display similar plots at the plane $y=\pi/4$,
with this time $v_x$, $v_z$ indicated by the arrows, and $v_y$ by the
color. The regions of alternating color correspond to the
cross-section of the vortices imposed by the Taylor-Green forcing.
Also the meridional flow can be identified in these cross-sections.
However, note that this flow during the cycle is modified by the
magnetic field in a more dramatic way than the toroidal flow. As
previously shown in Figs. \ref{fig:jtrans_lowRe} and
\ref{fig:meridional}, the Lorentz force mostly opposes the velocity
field at large scales. The final effect of the magnetic field on the
flow seems to be to suppress small-scale fluctuations, leaving a
well-ordered pattern. This effect will be more dramatic at large
$R_V$, as will be shown in the next subsection.

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{f5.eps}
\caption{(color online) Upper panels: cross-sectional plots of the
         velocity field in the plane $z=0$ at (a) $t=352$, and (b)
         $t=368$, for run A. The arrows show the directions of $v_x$,
         $v_y$ and the colors indicate the values of $v_z$, positive
         (light) or negative (dark). Lower panels: cross-sectional plots
         of the velocity field in the plane $y=\pi/4$ at (c) $t=352$,
         and (d) $t=368$ ($v_x$, $v_z$ indicated by the arrows, and
         $v_y$ by the color).}
\label{fig:vcut}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{f6.eps}
\caption{(color online) Upper panels: cross-sectional plots of the
         magnetic field in the plane $z=0$ at (a) $t=352$, and (b)
         $t=368$, for run A. Lower panels: cross-sectional plots of the
         magnetic field in the plane $y=\pi/4$ at (c) $t=352$, and (d)
         $t=368$. Same conventions than in Fig. \ref{fig:vcut}.}
\label{fig:bcut}
\end{figure*}

Figs. \ref{fig:bcut}.a,b show the magnetic field in the plane
$z = 0$ at the same times with the same conventions ($B_x$, $B_y$
are arrows, $B_z$ is indicated by color), again for run A. The
stretching of magnetic field lines by the toroidal flow can be
observed in these sections. Figs. \ref{fig:bcut}c.d show the
magnetic field in the plane $y=\pi/4$ at the same times, and with
the same plotting conventions. Note in dark and light colors the
horizontal bars where most of the magnetic energy is concentrated.
These regions correspond to stagnation planes of the external
Taylor-Green forcing.

Fig. \ref{fig:bsta}, finally, shows the magnetic field in the plane $z=0$
at different times for run A. This is a plane between rows of basic cells
and is a candidate where the amplified flux ``piles up'' as previously
indicated. It is apparent that the dynamical variation is much less in
this plane during the cycle. Also, in Fig. \ref{fig:bsta} note the presence
of locally ``dipolar'' structures (light and dark regions), centered in
each of the Taylor-Green cells. These structures correspond to the almost
uniform (and mostly concentrated in the $x$,$y$ plane) magnetic field
being sucked into the hole of the doughnut given by the Taylor-Green
force.

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{f7.eps}
\caption{(color online) cross-sectional plots of the
         magnetic field in the plane $z=\pi/4$ at (a) $t=352$, and (b)
         $t=368$, for run A. Same conventions than in Fig.
         \ref{fig:vcut}.}
\label{fig:bsta}
\end{figure*}

A more detailed picture of the dynamics of the forced Taylor-Green
dynamo at low Reynolds numbers has eluded us, but it is imaginable that
in less complex flows a more comprehensive understanding of the low
$R_V$ non-helical dynamo may be possible.

\subsection{High Reynolds numbers and further from threshold}

Runs B, B$'$ involve higher Reynolds numbers and behave rather differently
from runs A, A$'$. Fig. \ref{fig:Eprimes} contrasts the time histories
of the kinetic energies and magnetic energies for run A$'$ (solid curves)
and run B$'$ (dashed), both 20\% above threshold. The upper curves are
kinetic energies and the lower curves are magnetic energies. It is clear
that the B$'$ runs saturate at a level of near-equipartition and do not
exhibit the oscillatory behavior seen in the lower Reynolds number runs.
Run A$'$ retains a vestige of the periodic behavior, seen most clearly
in the magnetic energy curve which is quasi-periodic or close to ``chaotic''.
Note the overshooting of the magnetic energy for run B$'$ near
$t \sim 150$, linked to the large drop in kinetic energy. Note also the
similar growth rates (as for runs A and B) although the magnetic
diffusivities differ again by almost an order of magnitude.

\begin{figure}
\plotone{f8.eps}
\caption{(color online) Time history of kinetic (upper blue curves) and
         magnetic energy (lower curves) for runs A$'$ at low Reynolds
         (solid lines) and B$'$ at high Reynolds (dotted lines), both
         20\% above threshold. The arrows on the top of the figure
         represent the times at which the transfer terms displayed in
         Fig. \ref{fig:transfer} are evaluated.}
\label{fig:Eprimes}
\end{figure}

During the exponential period of the magnetic energy growth, it is
of interest to note that the various Fourier modes all appear to be
growing at the same rate in run B$'$ (the same effect is observed
in run B). This can be seen by separating the Fourier space into
``shells'' of modes of the same width $\Delta k$. The time histories
of these shells are plotted in Fig. \ref{fig:Emodes}. In the inset,
all the shells have been normalized to have the same amplitudes
per $k$-mode at $t=4$, to show that the exponentiation rates up to
about $t=30$ are the same or nearly so. This behavior is
characteristic of small scale dynamos \citep{Kazantsev67,Brandenburg01a}.
Note that after $t=30$ the shell with $k=2$ seems to start growing
faster than the small scale modes. Shortly after this time, the small
scales saturate and the large scale magnetic field keeps growing
exponentially up to $t=150$.

\begin{figure}
\plotone{f9.eps}
\caption{$B^2$ integrated over different shells in Fourier space as a
         function of time, for run B$'$ and $k=1$ (dotted line), $k=2$
         (solid) and $k=9,10,11,12$ (dashed lines). The inset shows
         the evolution at early times, with all the shells normalized
         to have the same amplitude. The arrows are at the same times
         as in Fig. \ref{fig:Eprimes}.}
\label{fig:Emodes}
\end{figure}

The total kinetic energy spectra (thick lines) and magnetic energy
spectra (thin lines) for run B$'$ are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:Bspectra}.
Only two kinetic spectra are shown, at times $t=11.4$ and $t=181.8$.
At early times, the magnetic energy spectrum peaks at small
scales ($k \approx 9$), and the spectrum at large scales seems to
satisfy a $k^{3/2}$ power law as already observed for the Taylor-Green
flow \citep{Ponty04}, and for other flows as well \citep{Haugen04}.
The magnetic energy increases from $t=11.4$ to $t=181.8$ and eventually
dominates the kinetic energy at the longest wavelength.

\begin{figure}
\plotone{f10.eps}
\caption{(color online) Kinetic (thick blue lines) and magnetic
         energy spectra (thin lines) as a function of time for run B$'$.
         Kinetic spectra are only shown at $t=11.4$ and $t=181.8$;
         note in the latter case, the strong diminution at small
         scales of the velocity toward magnetic scales.}
\label{fig:Bspectra}
\end{figure}

The appearance of these quasi-dc components of the magnetic field seems
to have a profound effect on the short-wavelength kinetic spectral
components, depressing them by an order of magnitude, as is also
visible from the thick broken line in Fig. \ref{fig:Bspectra}. The
most straightforward interpretation is in terms of what is sometimes
called the ``Alfv\'en effect''. The idea is that in incompressible
MHD, any nearly spatially uniform, slowly varying, magnetic field
forces the small scale excitations to behave like Alfv\'en waves.
In an Alfv\'en wave, the energy is generally equipartitioned
between magnetic field and velocity field, and any mechanism which
damps one will damp the other. Since $\eta \gg \nu$ when $P_M \ll 1$,
the Kolmogorov ``inner scale'' can be defined entirely in terms
of energy dissipation rate and $\eta$, regardless of how much smaller
the viscosity is. This was already observed in closure computations
of MHD turbulence of low $P_M$ \cite{Leorat81}.

One could jump to the conclusion that for $\nu/\eta \ll 1$, the
dynamo process will behave as if $P_M$ were of $\mathcal{O} (1)$
(see \citet{Yousef03} for different simulations supporting
this conclusion). This is certainly inappropriate in the formation,
or ``kinematic,'' phase, when the magnetic field is small but amplifying
and there is no quasi-dc magnetic field to enforce the necessary
approximate equipartition at small scales. This conclusion can
also apply in more complex systems, such as during the reversals of the
Earth's dynamo.

The central role played by the $-\mathbf{v} \cdot (\mathbf{j} \times \mathbf{B})$ term by
which energy is injected into the magnetic field can be clarified by
plotting the transfer functions $T(k)$ for the magnetic field and
velocity field as functions of $k$ at different times.

The energy transfer function
\begin{equation}
T(k) = T_V(k)+T_M(k),
\label{tottran}
\end{equation}
represents the transfer of energy in $k$-space, and is obtained by
dotting the Fourier transform of the nonlinear terms in the momentum
equation (\ref{eq:NS}) and in the induction equation (\ref{eq:ind}),
by the Fourier transform of $\mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ respectively. It also
satisfies
\begin{equation}
0=\int_0^\infty{T(k')\,\textrm{d}k'},
\end{equation}
because of energy conservation by the non-linear terms; one can also
define
\begin{equation}
\Pi(k) = \int_0^k{T(k')\,\textrm{d}k'},
\end{equation}
where $\Pi(k)$ is the energy flux in Fourier space. In equation
(\ref{tottran}), $T_V(k)$ is the transfer of kinetic energy
\begin{equation}
T_V(k) = \int{ \hat{\mathbf{v}}_{\mathbf{k}} \cdot \left[-\widehat{\left(\mbox{\boldmath $\omega$} \times
    \mathbf{v}\right)}_{\mathbf{k}} +\widehat{\left(\mathbf{j} \times
    \mathbf{B}\right)}_{\mathbf{k}} \right]^* \,\textrm{d}\Omega_{\mathbf{k}}},
\end{equation}
where the hat denotes Fourier transform, the asterisk complex conjugate,
and $d\Omega_{\mathbf{k}}$ denotes integration over angle in Fourier space. In this
equation and the following, it is assumed that the complex conjugate part
of the integral is added to obtain a real transfer function.

The transfer of magnetic energy is given by
\begin{equation}
T_M(k) = \int{\hat{\mathbf{B}}_{\mathbf{k}} \cdot \nabla \times \widehat{
    \left(\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}\right)}_{\mathbf{k}}^* \,\textrm{d}\Omega_{\mathbf{k}}},
\label{eq:TM}
\end{equation}
and we can also define the transfer of energy due to the Lorentz force
\begin{equation}
T_L(k) = \int{\hat{\mathbf{v}}_{\mathbf{k}} \cdot \widehat{\left(\mathbf{j} \times
    \mathbf{B}\right)}_{\mathbf{k}}^* \,\textrm{d}\Omega_{\mathbf{k}}}.
\end{equation}
Note that this latter term is part of $T_V(k)$; it gives an estimation of
the alignment between the velocity field and the Lorentz force at each
Fourier shell (as shown previously in Fig. \ref{fig:jtrans_lowRe}).
Also, this term represents energy that is transfered from the kinetic
reservoir to the magnetic reservoir [in the steady state, the integral
over all $k$ of $T_L(k)$ is equal to the magnetic energy dissipation
rate, as follows from eq. (\ref{eq:ind})].

Fig. \ref{fig:transfer} shows the transfer functions: $T(k;t=0)$
(which corresponds to the total energy transfer in the hydrodynamic
simulation, since the magnetic seed has just been introduced); $T(k)$
(which is the total energy transfer); $T_V(k)$; $T_M(k)$; and $-T_L(k)$,
as functions of $k$ for four different times for run B$'$. A gap in one
of the spectra indicates (since the plotting is logarithmic) that it has
changed sign. It is apparent that the dominant transfer is always in
the vicinity of the forcing band, although it is quite spread over all
wavenumbers in the inertial range at all times. It is also apparent that
at the later times, most of the transfer is magnetic transfer, in which,
of course, the velocity field must participate (see eq. \ref{eq:TM}).

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=16cm]{f11.eps}
\caption{(color online) Transfer of energy in Fourier space in run B$'$, at
         (a) $t=13.5$ in the kinematic regime (see Fig. \ref{fig:Emodes}),
         (b) $t=73.5$ at the end of the kinematic regime, (c) $t=148.5$
         at the time of rapid growth of the $k=2$ shell, and (d) $t=300$.
         In all the figures, the total transfer at $t=0$ (thick blue solid
         line) is shown as a reference (which corresponds to the $\mathbf{B}=0$
         case); dotted, dashed, and solid lines represent transfer as
         indicated in (c). Since $T_L$ is negative at most $k$, $-T_L$
         is shown.}
\label{fig:transfer}
\end{figure*}

During the kinematic regime (Fig. \ref{fig:transfer}.a), the kinetic
energy transfer $T_V(k)$ is almost equal to the total transfer. Note
that the Lorentz force opposes the velocity field at almost all scales,
and $-T_L(k)$ is approximately constant between $k \approx 3$ and
$k \approx 12$; all these modes in the magnetic energy grow with the
same growth rate (see Fig. \ref{fig:Emodes}). The statistically
anti-parallel alignment between the Lorentz force and the velocity
field follows from Lenz's law: the electromagnetic force associated
with the current induced by the motion of the fluid has to oppose the
change in the field in order to ensure the conservation of energy. Of
course, the amplified magnetic field is getting its energy from the
velocity field. Note that then $-T_L(k)$ can be used as a signature of
the scale at which the magnetic field extracts energy from the velocity
field (compare this result with the low $R_V$ case, where $-T_L(k)$
peaks at $k=3$ both in the kinematic regime and in the nonlinear stage).
As its counterpart, the transfer of magnetic energy $T_M(k)$ represents
both the scales where magnetic field is being created by stretching, and
the nonlinear transfer of energy to smaller scales. $T_L(k)$ is peaked
at wavenumbers larger than $T_M(k)$; the magnetic field extracts energy
from the flow at all scales between $k \approx 3$ and $k \approx 12$,
and this energy turns into magnetic energy at smaller scales through a
cascade process.

As time evolves and the magnetic small scales saturate, a peak
in $-T_L(k)$ grows at $k=3$ (Fig. \ref{fig:transfer}.b). At the same
time, the transfer of kinetic energy $T_V(k)$ at small scales is
quenched (compared with Fig. \ref{fig:transfer}.a, it has diminished
in amplitude by almost one order of magnitude). This time corresponds
to the time where a large scale ($k=2$) magnetic field starts to grow
(see Figs. \ref{fig:Emodes} and \ref{fig:Bspectra}). In the saturated
regime (Figs. \ref{fig:transfer}.c,d) $T_L(k)$ is negative at large scales
and peaks strongly at $k=3$ at late times. As previously mentioned, this
term represents also energy transfered from the kinetic reservoir to
the magnetic reservoir. As a result, a substantial fraction of the
injected energy is seen to be transfered to the magnetic field in the
injection band ($k=3$), and then most of that energy is carried to small
scales by the magnetic field ($T_M(k)>T_V(k)$ up to the magnetic dissipation
scale in the steady state, Figs. \ref{fig:transfer}.c,d). A counterpart
of this dynamic was observed in \citet{Haugen04}, where it was noted
by examination of global quantities that most of the energy injected
in the saturated regime of the dynamo is dissipated by the magnetic
field. Similarly in run B we find that
$\left< \nu \omega^2 \right>/\left< \eta j^2 \right> \approx 0.4 $
at $t=300$. This explains the drop in the kinetic energy spectrum at
late times (Fig. \ref{fig:Bspectra}). Note also that the transfer functions
$T_V(k)$ and $T_M(k)$ drop together at small scales.

In summary, during the kinematic regime the magnetic field is
amplified in a broad region of $k$-space, while in the nonlinear phase
most of the amplification takes place at large scales. This contrasts
with the low $R_V$, $P_M \approx 1$ case, where the magnetic energy
grows at large scales ($k=2$) from the beginning of the kinematic
dynamo phase, the small scales being undeveloped.

Finally, we may ask if anything remains visible of any pattern enforced by
the forcing function $F \mathbf{v}_{TG}$ in the higher Reynolds number runs.
Fig. \ref{fig:highRcut} suggests that the answer is yes. It is a plot
for run B$'$ of a cross section ($y = \pi/4$) in which the magnetic
field strength is exhibited: arrows denote components in the plane and
colors denote components normal to the plane. The left panel is at
$t=70$, and the right panel is at $t=300$. The two horizontal bands
are associated with the stagnation planes of the Taylor-Green forcing.

\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=16cm]{f12.eps}
\caption{(color online) Cross-sectional plots of the magnetic field
         in the plane $y=\pi/4$ at (a) $t=70$, and (b) $t=300$
         ($B_x$, $B_z$ indicated by the arrows, and $B_y$ by the
         color) for run B$'$.}
\label{fig:highRcut}
\end{figure*}

While at $t=70$ the magnetic field is mostly at small scale, at
$t=300$ a pattern reminiscent of the low $R_V$ case
(Fig. \ref{fig:bcut}.d) can be clearly seen, albeit more turbulent.
This is the result of the suppression of small scales by the magnetic
field. While in the kinematic regime the magnetic field grows under
a broad kinetic energy spectrum, when the large scale magnetic field
starts to grow the small scale velocity field fluctuations are quenched
(Figs. \ref{fig:Bspectra} and \ref{fig:transfer}), and the large
scale pattern reappears. This ``clean up'' effect was also observed
in \citet{Brandenburg01b}, but there both the large scale pattern
in the flow and the turbulent fluctuations at small scale were
imposed, while here the turbulent fluctuations are the result of the
large scale external force and high values of $R_V$.

\section{\label{sec:discussion}DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY}

The oscillatory behavior exemplified in Fig. \ref{fig:EAB} is not
without precedent. It is common for a pulsation to occur in a
faucet when the pressure drop is such as to cause the flow of the
water to be close to a speed near the threshold of the transition
to turbulence. The developing turbulence acts as an eddy viscosity
to reduce the Reynolds number back into the laminar regime. As the
turbulence then subsides, the flow accelerates until the flow speed
is again in the unstable regime and the cycle repeats.

A few years ago \citep{Shan93a,Shan93b}, a similarly quasi-periodic
behavior was observed in an MHD problem which might be considered
an opposite limit of the dynamo problem. A quiescent, periodic circular
cylinder of magnetofluid was supported by an external axial magnetic
field and carried an axial current driven by an applied axial voltage.
By increasing the axial current, it was possible to cross a stability
boundary for the onset of mechanical motion. The unstable modes were
helical, as regards the behavior of $\mathbf{v}$ and $\mathbf{B}$. The resulting
$-\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}$ axial electromotive force opposed the sense of the
applied electric field and constituted an effective increase in the
resistance of the column. When the disturbances grew large enough,
the total axial current was reduced back below the stability threshold,
causing the magnetofluid to re-laminarize itself. A cyclic
oscillation in magnetic and kinetic energy resulted, with the larger
energy being magnetic, which in many ways resembles qualitatively the
oscillations exhibited in Fig. \ref{fig:EAB}, except that the magnetic
energy remained larger: a sort of ``inverse dynamo'' problem.

In the high Reynolds case, part of this dynamic persists. In the
steady state of the dynamo, the large scale magnetic field forces
small scale excitations to be equipartitioned between magnetic
field and velocity field, and both fields are damped at almost the
same scale. As a result, velocity fluctuations are strongly
suppressed and at late times similar structures can be recognized
in the magnetic field in both the low and high Reynolds simulations.

In all cases, a statistically anti-parallel alignment between the
Lorentz force and the velocity field was observed by examination of
nonlinear transfer in Fourier space, stressing the different dynamics
at different scales. This alignment is more significant at scales
where the magnetic field is being amplified, and follows from Lenz's
law applied to a conducting fluid and the conservation of the total
energy.

It is clear that there are many distinct dynamo behaviors, depending
upon the parameters and the nature and scale of the mechanical
forcing. It should not be inferred that the oscillatory behavior
shown in Fig. \ref{fig:EAB} is more generic than it is. Different
kinds of oscillations can appear as the forcing amplitude is varied,
for example, or as the timing of the seed magnetic field's introduction
is varied. The oscillations can acquire different qualitative features
as these features are changed. It may be expected that, once turbulent
computations in geometries other than rectangular periodic ones are
undertaken, still further variety may occur.

\acknowledgements

We thank H. Tufo for providing computer time at UC-Boulder, NSF ARI
grant CDA-9601817. Computer time was also provided by NCAR. The NSF
grants ATM-0327533 at Dartmouth College and CMG-0327888 at NCAR
supported this work in part and are gratefully acknowledged.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
From Zero to Breakup
MORE THAN ZERO: ZERO MONTH 20 YEARS LATER
In 1994 DC Comics published Zero Hour, a five issue mini-series designed to not only serve as a major summer crossover but also fix some of the continuity problems that had plagued their universe after the end of Crisis on Infinite Earths. Some have suggested that Zero Hour caused more problems than it fixed but at the time it was the dawn of an exciting new era for DC. To kick off this new age DC followed Zero Hour with Zero Month. As the name suggests all of the main DC books were rolled back to zero though each one had a different approach to the idea Some books featured a new origin. Some contained tweaks to the existing origin. Some contained brand new versions of old characters. All of them served as a jumping on point for new and old readers alike. To celebrate this new era (or perhaps to bury it) some of us in the comic book blogging community have banded together from remote galaxies to discuss how the characters we cover were rebooted/revamped by looking at the solicitations of our character's zero issues as well as delving into the Wizard Magazine Zero Hour Special, which was a magazine published around the time of Zero Hour to promote the series, what was coming next and the history of DC in general.
I have been struggling for days to figure out some sort of simile or metaphor to use as a way to represent what the post Zero Hour Titans books were like. I figured it would be easy–I am, after all, a sports fan and have seen more than my fair share of lineup changes that were both beneficial and detrimental. But for some reason, I keep coming back to the first two weeks of July 1996 and what amounted to the last gasp of a dying relationship.
Kate was … well, I can't say that she was a nightmare or anything, but it was the first relationship that I had ever been in where things lasted longer than a couple of nights or a couple of weeks. But by the time i was making my way through my freshman year of college, we both were slowly discovering that our high school romance wasn't compatible to my being away at school. We spent the summer breaking up, getting back together, and fighting for various reasons–I knew she was cheating on me, I was getting some, we had concert tickets–and I am sure that we would have been done way before I left for school in August had it not been for that week in July when my parents were away and we, for some reason, were getting along. Of course, I would later find out it was because the guy she was hooking up with behind my back was also out of town, but ignorance proved to be bliss.
When Zero Hour hit, The New Titans and Deathstroke were both at that point. Deathstroke had been spinning its wheels with one-off action yarns after a very solid "World Tour" storyline in 1993 and the Titans was literally sputtering. W hole issues would go by where it seemed like nothing was happening, there didn't seem to be any actual villains to fight (the Terraizer, really?), the team never felt like an actual team, and with the exception of a couple of really good Rik Mays-penciled issues, the art by Bill Jaaska was downright terrible. Enter new editor Pat Garrahy, who was assigned, much like Jonathan Peterson four years earlier, to do something, anything to keep the titles afloat. Zero Month, it was decided, was the perfect time to do that since Team Titans–the title I though twas the better of the three–had been cancelled, Nightwing was being given back to the Batman books, and the various other members of the group were sent packing in one way or another except for Arsenal and Changeling, who had given the team to the U.S. government and were somehow going to find new members.
Unfortunately for the readers, the new direction chosen was more of a complete dismantling of both books rather than a refocus. The solicits promised new and exciting things as Previews put a spotlight on the bold new direction that each book was taking:
The menaces that began to ravage characters in both books seemed to come out of nowhere. Yes, there was a lead-up to the Titans having an affiliation with the government, but the Deathstroke assassination plot and the Crimelord were simply dropped in, and by the time that Garrahy was let go from the title in late 1995/early 1996, the supporting cast of Deathstroke would be mostly killed off and Marv Wolfman would be given five issues to end his sixteen-year run on New Titans with at least some semblance of dignity.
I can't tell if it is hindsight being 20/20 since I have read interviews about how displeased Wolfman was with his last year and a half on the title, but when I now read the features in the Wizard Zero Month special, I think I can already hear the disdain, or at least noncommittal:
Take a look at the last lines of each of those features and you see what seem like non-comments or at least prefabricated talking points:
The book has gone under a lot of changes in the past few years, but all were evolutionary … heroes died, new heroes replaced them, tempers flared, and because they were young, mistakes were made. That is the way life is. But now we begin with a new group. A revolution, so to speak. New heroes, all with their own lives, hopes and desires. This allows us to create a very different Titans book.
I think Slade's ambiguous nature as well as not being sure what he'll do next makes him someone you want to follow … His relationship with his ex-wife, his friends and co-workers is more than another 'Man on a Mission' comic. He's not out to stop the mob. He's not out to stop evil. YOu hire Slade, he does his job. Unofrtunately, his own life gets in the middle of things and mucks it all up.
I can't remember if I found this all enticing, because prior to issue #0 of both titles, I was already a committed fan. I will say that the idea of a new artist on Titans was enticing and the conspiracy plot in Deathstroke at least had me interested and the way a "Titans Universe" was being cobbled together using Green Lantern, Damage, and The Darkstars was a draw, especially since I was already reading those titles. So I guess it worked on some level.
Unfortunately, the internal strife among the creators and editors contributed to the titles' ultimate downfall. In interviews, Wolfman had said how quite a number of the plots from issue #0 onward were not his own and dialogue was completely rewritten and he went as far as to threaten to quit if Garrahy was going to continue. This new era lasted through a lengthy Deathstroke story involving the Crimelord, who was revealed to be Steve Dayton, and a Titans story where Raven was an evil soul-sucking dominatrix before everyone headed off to space in a forgettable four book crossover called "The Siege of the Zi Charam." At a DC office party late in 1995, Wolfman was given notice about the titles being cancelled and eventually negotiated to have Garrahy removed from the book and began "Meltdown," a storyline that more or less restored all of the characters that he loved to write to some semblance of normal.
Kate and I had our Zero Month … well, Zero Week, where everything was great and we remembered what worked, but after a while, we were left to look at the mess that was being ignored and had to make a decision to clean things up or walk away. One day, we decided it was over and haven't spoken in nearly twenty years. And this is where the simile kind of falls apart because I would be back with the Titans a year or so later with Dan Jurgens' Teen Titans book and then would follow them through The Titans, Teen Titans (the Geoff Johns title), and Titans before finally ending my relationship with the book when the New 52 was announced.
But that's another breakup story.
A big thanks to Michael Bailey and Jeffrey Taylor of From Crisis to Crisis for having me be part of this crossover. Be sure to check out the links below to find out how other characters were treated during Zero Month.
The Legion of Super Bloggers
The Speed Force
The Fortress of Baileytude
Corps Conjecture
Being Carter Hall
Posted in comics, Teen Titans and tagged comics, DC Comics, new teen titans, new titans, Teen Titans, zero hour, zero month on March 23, 2015 by Tom Panarese. 1 Comment
Life's End (My Life as a Teen Titan, Part Forty-One)
The last page of New Titans #130, which has a cameo by Nightwing.
I stopped reading Titans in 2011. DC announced the New 52 and the new series looked so horrible (as did Red Hood and the Outlaws) that I finally declared that I'd had enough. My life as a Teen Titan, however, really does end with New Titans #130.
I mentioned in the last entry that I saw the Previews solicit for the comic during parents weekend of my freshman year of college and was surprised that the series was coming to an end. I wasn't upset, though, because comics at the time were taking a back seat to everything else–movies, music, girls, beer–and while I still collected and read them, they became something to read on breaks and during the summer when I was on my own and wasn't sifting through assigned reading. The Titans during that time took an even further back seat, as I became more interested in other books as well as big events like Kingdom Come.
The Titans themselves would, of course, go on. Arsenal had a special shortly following the end of the title, an international espionage story that did wrap up one loose end from the series–we find out that the Titans had disbanded at some point following the events of "Meltdown"–and even got a lettercolumn about New Titans #130. About a year later, Dan Jurgens would write and pencil Teen Titans, a series that is a bit of an oddity but that I enjoyed and find to be underrated. Then again, I haven't read it in at least 10-15 years, so I'll have to see if my opinion changes when I get around to it. The Devin Grayson/Jay Faeber Titans series deserves much of the criticism it gets, and I have mixed feelings about the series that started in 2003, especially Geoff Johns's run. I intend to reread all of those comics all the way through, although I won't be writing about them because they all feel like they are part of different times in my fandom and comic collecting life.
I started reading New Titans when I was thirteen and the final issue came out when I was eighteen. By then, the comic store was no longer around the block and I was no longer a lonely, worried junior high school student. Moreover, I had moved beyond the point where I was reading about the Titans because I was looking for characters with whom I could identify. The 1980s books had been like watching a John Hughes movie or hanging out with my older cousins–these were people I might wind up being–and the 1990s comics had characters I wanted to get to know. By the time that title left the world behind, I had stopped needing to have a personal investment in the people I was reading about.
And really, the timing of the end of the series was perfect because the subsequent relaunches did feel like going back to my old town or old high school and seeing that things weren't ever going to be the same: the Dan Jurgens title was the new class you didn't know very well, The Titans was Wooderson period, and the 2003 Teen Titans was almost like coming back to teach (your dreams were your ticket out).
Closing out what wound up being an enormous blogging endeavour isn't easy to do. After all, this spawned a podcast that is still going and some of the posts I wrote have gotten quite a number of hits these last few years. But I found a source of inspiration in the last pages of that very last issue. Though he hasn't been in the book since issue #0 (and even that was a cameo), "Where Nightmares End" concludes with the person with whom it started–Dick Grayson. Standing on a rooftop, he thinks:
There have been so many moments to think about. Moments good and bad. Moments I'd love to live all over again … and others I'd pay anything to forget. But I don't think if I could I'd change any of them. I move on, but I don't leave my childhood behind as if it's gone. It can never be gone … while it's so alive inside me.
The future's always uncertain, but that's okay. If I'd know what was ahead of me all those years ago, I might have avoided all the bumps … but I'd also have missed all those laughs.
He then says,
Take care, guys. You're the best!
Marv Wolfman then gives a farewell to the audience and thanks everyone he's worked with in the fifteen or sixteen years he's been on the title and I'm glad that on some level, that he ended the series on his terms. I'm also glad that even though it took a while, I had a chance to look back on comics that have been so important to my life as a comic collector.
Posted in comics, Teen Titans and tagged 1990s, comics, Teen Titans on June 4, 2014 by Tom Panarese. Leave a comment
Meltdown (My Life as a Teen Titan, Part Forty)
For all of my devotion to The New Titans, it's ironic that I almost missed the ending. Okay, I wouldn't have actually missed it because I had the book on my pull list, but the final issue came out during my freshman year of college, a time when I was incredibly disengaged as a comics fan. In fact, I remember the day I discovered that the book had been canceled: it was parents weekend and I was flipping through Previews while waiting for my mom and dad to show up. The solicit for The New Titans #130 read FINAL ISSUE and featured a cover by George Perez that showed the current version of the team in the same exact pose as the original team did in the very first issue of The New Teen Titans back in 1980. After sixteen years, Marv Wolfman's nearly uninterrupted run on the title was about to come to a close.
The story behind this as told in The Titans Companion is basically that Wolfman had been fed up with editor Pat Garrahy's mandates and manipulations for quite some time, and at a DC Christmas Party, asked to be taken off the book. Being that the book was on the chopping block anyway, DC told Wolfman he could "have the book back" and he was given a few months to wrap things up. He then set out to write a story that put every one of the original Titans who were still around back to some approximation of who they were. The only restriction was that Wolfman could not use Nightwing, who was then well on his way to being entrenched in the Batman family.
What we got was "Meltdown," a five-part story that is actually a four-parter with a first chapter that doesn't really seem to make too much sense. Then again, that issue is done as a fill-in by Dale Hrebik (whose only other credits are Deathstroke #50 and Annual #4) with art by Rik Mays with the other issues pencilled by then-regular artist William Rosado. As far as storylines from this era go, it's one of the stronger ones, although I suppose that's not saying much.
Basically what happens is that while a fair amount of infighting happens among the team members, the Titans are summoned to Tamaran by Starfire and Cyberion–formerly Cyborg–because Raven has returned and is leading an entire legion of hostile aliens against Kory's home planet. After being attacked by a now-conscious Changeling, the group subdues their former teammate and Kory reveals that she has Raven's soul self. She is unable to heal Gar, but he is eventually cured when Raven draws all of the Trigon seeds into herself, basically revealing that Trigon himself is trying to use her as a vessel for his resurrection.
Her war reaches a critical point when she destroys Tamaran–and in one last act of bravery, Kory's parents stay on the planet–and Starfire and Blackfire (two sisters who have had a reconciliation) lead their rebellion of sorts, finding their adversary and destroying Raven's body as well as the evil contained within. At the end, on a planet that will become known as New Tamaran (that is, until the Sun Eater destroys it in Final Night), Raven is good again and an ethereal/astral form; Gar and Cyberion go off to travel through space; Kory is pregnant with her new husband, Ph'yzzon's child; and Donna Troy is still a Darkstar (and will remain a Darkstar until John Byrne gets a hold of her). So status quo is sort of reestablished.
Upon my reread, I realized that much like the rest of the post-Zero Hour Titans, this story is a bit of a mess. I am not sure when Wolfman's meeting took place in the creative process, but the first part feels like the start of an entirely different story than the one we got. That could have been due to a different writer being on that issue, of course, but in New Titans #126, we have an Arsenal character piece that shows how the team has its problems. For instance, at one point, the "kids" on the team play a bit of a "let's catch you off guard with an ambush" prank and when Donna sees that Rose Wilson was involved, she goes off on them. Rose responds with "You're not my mother!" It suggests that perhaps they were setting up some teen angst sort of storyline or something that would bond the kids on the team while fracturing the adults.
That never happens. Instead, it provides a springboard for Wolfman, only taking the Titans he wants to take to Tamaran. Mirage and Terra remain on Earth because it's revealed that Mirage faked her miscarriage and is actually now in labor. Supergirl is elsewhere. Damage gets pissed off and quits, and Impulse literally misses the ride to space. So we get the core group (with a couple of additions, like Green Lantern) and the final forced resolution of the Raven storyline.
Funny enough, I'd actually come to like some of the characters in this run. Roy Harper's crisis of confidence as a leader made him more interesting than he had been in the past. I cared about Mirage and her very complex problems. Even the mystery of Terra's true identity was intriguing, as were character changes in people like Kory, who was becoming more of a warrior and less naive. But in hindsight, it was time, and the bloom from the renaissance of five years earlier had faded long before. It's just sad that such a once-great book went out with a whimper.
Next Up: The end of my life as a Teen Titan.
Posted in comics, Teen Titans and tagged 1990s, comics, Teen Titans on May 21, 2014 by Tom Panarese. Leave a comment
D.O.A. (My Life as a Teen Titan, Part Thirty-Nine)
On some level, I probably should be surprised that Deathstroke lasted as long as it did.
When I arrived home from college in the middle of May 1996, I picked up the books on hold at the comic store and in that stack sat Deathstroke #60, which was a white cover that had the main character's mask and skull balanced on the hilt of a sword and the letters "D.O.A." It was the final issue of what I guess could be considered an experiment of sorts–giving a character who was essentially a villain his own title, something that wasn't all that common back in 1991 when the first issue premiered (The Joker had his own series in the 1970s but beyond that, villain-led ongoings weren't very common).
Of course, the fact that Slade Wilson was a mercenary and not inherently evil–in fact, his origin was more like a twisted version of Captain America's–made him an easy "anti-hero" or adventure character. As I've explored throughout this series of posts, much of his series was exactly like that. Marv Wolfman took the character and the few supporting characters that had already been established–Adeline Kane and Wintergreen–developed them further and even added to them. Then, they were almost all completely wiped out because of editorial mandates in the post-Zero Hour Hunted/Crimelord saga.
I'll get into the editorial changes that allowed Wolfman to leave the Titans and Deathstroke behind with a slightly better taste in his mouth in the next entry, so what I'll say here is that somewhere around issue #53, the book's editor changed again, Tom Joyner (co-creator of Damage) came on to do a two-parter where Slade had to stop a terrorist cell from assassinating the president, vice-president, and every other high-ranking Washington official with chemical weapons (specifically, a plague) only to be blown up in an explosion that destroyed the dome of the Capitol Building. It's a serviceable story that sets up two things that would take the book through the last six issues of the series: Slade will get a new costume and Slade will be de-aged and lose his memory. (more…)
Posted in comics, Teen Titans and tagged 1990s, comics, Teen Titans on April 9, 2014 by Tom Panarese. Leave a comment
The Siege of the Zi Charam (My Life as a Teen Titan, Part Thirty-Eight)
You ever see a movie and really like it the first time but then you go and rent it on video and you realize that it's actually not as good as you thought it was; in fact, it's barely watchable? That's how I've been feeling about some of these New Titans comics, especially the five part storyline, "The Siege of the Zi Charam."
Published in the summer of 1995, the storyline was sort of a last gasp on the part of the Titans editors to get people interested in buying the flagging book, which would be cancelled about six months after the storyline ended (in fact, the next storyline, "Meltdown," was the book's last), "The Siege of the Zi Charam" is a Titans In Space adventure where the team is transported halfway across the universe to aid various alien races in their fight against another group of aliens called the Protogenitors, and instead of taking place over several issues of New Titans, it goes from New Titans #124 to Green Lantern #65, Darkstars #34, Damage #16, before finally wrapping up in the double-sized New Titans #125.
When the book had changed its lineup after Zero Hour, the editors did their best to create a mini universe, tying in the titles of the individual members with the larger Titans book. Green Lantern was selling well but the other books–Darkstars and Damage–were on the verge of cancellation as well, so crossing them over was probably a good idea to boost sales. But if you're going to do that, you have to actually produce a story that people are going to want to buy.
As I mentioned, "The Siege of the Zi Charam" is a we're-caught-in-the-middle-of-a-war storyline and it begins with the Titans being sent by the government to investigate some sort of anomaly in space. The anomaly winds up being some sort of interdimensional portal and the group (well, minus Impulse because he forgot to actually get on the spaceship) is warped halfway across the universe to the Zi Charam, a region that is currently under attack from The Protogenitors, who are a race of golden-skinned aliens with red hair. They all look very much alike and it seems that their M.O. is to go around various planets and systems and wipe everyone out. (more…)
Posted in comics, Teen Titans and tagged 1990s, comics, Teen Titans on March 27, 2014 by Tom Panarese. Leave a comment
Fear the Future (My Life as a Teen Titan, Part Thirty-Seven)
If there is any one good thing that came out of Deathstroke having his own series in the 1990s, it's that he had unknowingly fathered a daughter, Rose, who would eventually go on to become The Ravager during Geoff Johns's run on Teen Titans. But in 1995, Rose was still in her early teens and under the care of the latest version of the New Titans. She'd just survived an ordeal where The Ravager (the Wade DeFarge version) killed her mother. The climax of that storyline was earth-shattering, as most of Deathstroke's supporting cast was dead and Adeline was revealed to not only have gone completely nuts but had also inherited some of Slade's immortality.
So where do you go from there? Well, apparently, you go into the future.
Deathstroke #51 and 52 are a two-part story where after she gets knocked out in a training exercise by Damage, Rose has a dream. But it's not a dream, it's a vision of the future and one where her father's immortality has helped him achieve some sort of world domination, or at least be a Doctor Doom type of villain. His main enemy is Hawkman, or the latest version of Hawkman, and Hawkman fights with Deathstroke in some sort of virtual reality world. There's a hint that maybe somehow Steve Dayton as The Crimelord had somehow possessed Deathstroke but Rose wakes up from her vision before we can really see who he is in the future.
And then in the next issue, Deathstroke and Hawkman team up to stop a villain named Ebrax, even though the two of them spend most of their team-up time griping at one another. There's some implication that the possibility of Slade becoming some sort of huge villain and fighting with Hawkman will come to pass and perhaps they will become enemies as the series goes on. But with only eight more issues to go in the series, Hawkman is never seen again and this doesn't really go anywhere. In fact, the only thing that does sort of go anywhere is Rose's burgeoning precognitive powers, which are still around when she is The Ravager, although she's not so much predicting the future in that role and simply has good anticipatory reflexes.
This two-parter, to me, has not only come to represent the beginning of the end of this series but its lowest point. Two stories that feature Hawkman and set up one confusing, dangling plot thread were also two stories that I barely cared about in 1995 and kind of suffered through when I was rereading for this blog. Looking at what's ahead, there are a couple of issues that I barely remember reading, one issue that I didn't actually own until years after the series had been cancelled, and while things slightly improve in the last few issues of the series, you can tell that unless Deathstroke is going to go back to its roots and become a series about a mercenary who is also an action hero, it's going to wind up being cancelled. The science fiction aspects are clunky, especially anything with "virtual reality," which clearly dates these issues.
Next Up: The Titans go into outer space and get involved in an intergalactic civil war.
Posted in comics, Teen Titans and tagged 1990s, comics, new teen titans, Teen Titans on March 6, 2014 by Tom Panarese. 1 Comment
Connections and Revelations (My Life as a Teen Titan, Part Thirty-Six)
1994 and 1995 were odd years for comics. In hindsight, they were the death throes of what we often refer to as "The Nineties" because it was the middle of the market collapse (which explains why my comics shop has so many old IMage books in the quarter bins), but while I could point to crap like Brigade and Bloodstrike as everything that was wrong with comics in the 1990s, the books I was reading weren't completely innocent. As I mentioned the last time around, DC decided to beef up flagging titles like New Titans and Deathstroke by giving them new lineups, new attitudes, and even new titles.
The first half of the change in Deathstroke was "The Hunted" but once Slade is captured and no longer on the run, what do we do? Well, we drop "The Hunted" and change the title of the book to Deathstroke, which would be the name of the book from issue #46 until it was cancelled with issue #60.
But a title change wasn't just it. In the issues that follow, we complete the change of Deathstroke's statu quo, which goes along with the change in the Titans' status quo. By the end of Deathstroke Annual #4, our hero will have a new boss, Rose will have a new home, Adeline will have a new psychpathy, and the identities of both The Crimelord and The Ravager–who had been around since issue #0–would be revealed.
Marv Wolfman divides Deathstroke #46-50 into 35 "chapters" that focus on different characters and are indended to finish forever changing our main character. In the first two, Slade is in a government holding cell and is eventually convinced to work for Sarge Steel and the government in the way the Titans are under their employ while the three villains of the story are reestablished. There's The Crimelord, of course; Adeline Wilson, who is now completely obsessed with destroying her ex-husband; and The Ravager, who survived the confrontation with Rose and Sweet Lili but whom we still don't actually know, even though we see him unmasked.
He won't be much of a player for a little while anyway because The Crimelord puts his plans into motion, revealing to our heroes that he has placed nuclear bombs throughout the world and they have twenty-four hours to find and disarm them. If The Syndicate doesn't get in the way first, that is. (more…)
Posted in comics, Teen Titans and tagged 1990s, comics, Teen Titans on January 6, 2014 by Tom Panarese. Leave a comment


text:
80-year-old dodges bullet
An 80-year-old man literally dodged a bullet Saturday morning, but was injured while falling to the ground, police said.
A 67-year-old Asian man shot at the victim following a wild argument in the 1300 block of Stockton Street, police said. The suspect whipped out a handgun, shot at the 80-year-old man and missed, police said.
The victim fell to the ground, striking the back of his head, police said. He suffered a laceration. He survived the injury, police said.
The 67-year-old shooter was arrested, police said.
maldax@sfexaminer.com
Follow The San Francisco Examiner's crime blog, Law & Disorder, on Twitter @sflawdisorder.
Tags: Bay Area News, Crime, Crime & Courts, Law and Disorder, NEP


text:
Interviews / Student Spotlight / Student Stories
Student Spotlight: Didac Hormiga & "Flee"
by Chineme Obiefune · Published September 17, 2017 · Updated September 20, 2017
Didac with his new App, Flee
Didac Hormiga is a junior in the QUEST Program (Q28), and he's been working on his startup "Flee" for the past year! The work he's done has allowed him to connect people in his community and push the event finding platform to the next level. Click below to learn more about his experience, and follow these links to download the app!
iPhone/IOS: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/flee-find-local-events/id1207597483?mt=8
Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.flee.flee
What is Flee, and what value do you believe you provide your users?
Flee stands for "Find Local Events and Entertainment," and we do just that. I started working on it during my sophomore year because I felt like I didn't know what events were going on. It seemed like I was finding out about a lot of things after they had happened so regarding our value, I believe we're expediting the event finding process and making it more social. We aim to help people find out where their friends are, where their friends are going, and determine the atmosphere before they arrive.
What's contained in the latest update of Flee?
The big update adds a lot of different things to the experience. The main aspect of the update is the addition of a "Connect with Facebook" button that will allow users to connect their Flee accounts with Facebook and see which friends are on the app. When we first launched the app, we found that a lot of people couldn't find their friends on the app. We had a native log-in so people had to search for friends by username which made the process a lot more difficult. This button should make the process easier and improve connections within the app.
We've also improved things on the back end and made changes to allow the app to run faster and smoother. The database and security have also been improved along with additions to the social experience. We added likes and comments on events and stories to allow people to interact with stories to improve the way users interact with each other on the app.
What were the things that went through your mind when making the decision to connect your app with Facebook?
There were a lot of strategic factors that went into the decision-making process. Choosing Facebook could lead to a lot of complications in our app, but after thinking about the future of our app, we determined it was worth the risk.
One big issue we foresaw was that our users would assume all Facebook events were present on Flee. Another issue was centered around the technical aspects of our product. By using Facebook's API, we've connected ourselves to the company so if they make a change that could potentially hurt our app.
Initially, we tried to avoid the Facebook connection, but after hearing feedback from our users regarding the difficulties finding friends, we thought it made sense for us to work with Facebook and give our users the ability to gain more from the app and better connect with each other.
Where do you see the app moving forward?
The goal for Flee has always been to connect people to their communities. Regarding our next steps, it's all going to be in the realm of facilitating the event finding process and improving the connections within communities.
What's the biggest mistake you think you've made in the creation of Flee?
It's been a long journey filled with many ups and downs, but I would say one of the bigger downs was when I connected my personal debit card to AWS instead of my business credit card. This resulted in a $10,000-dollar charge being placed on my personal card which was a hassle to get straightened out. Something I've learned is that anytime you're signing a contract, or doing anything with your product, you must be detail oriented and make sure that you properly understand the terms of any agreement and its implications.
What's been the greatest success you've seen so far? What's the greatest success you hope to see?
The greatest success has been seeing my friends find events on Flee that they weren't aware of, inviting their friends, and going to these events. It's been a long journey to get to this point so it's rewarding to see that type of support from my community.
In the future, I'd like to see growth and aim to impact more people around the country and around the globe. Right now, we're pretty event focused, but I feel that in the future we'll be able to broaden that focus and help people be more connected with their communities in all aspects of life.
QUEST Lab Sponsor of the Month: Bloomberg
by Robert Fitzgerald · Published October 21, 2015
The Beauty of Open Barre and Following Your Passions
by Chineme Obiefune · Published May 15, 2018
QUEST Takes Over Graduation: Commencement Speaker Spotlight
by Grace Cha · Published May 12, 2016 · Last modified May 13, 2016
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East Side Games is on the hunt for a User Acquisition Manager. You (yes, you!) have quite the knack pulling insights from raw data to create the most profitable strategies and campaigns. In this newly created role, you'll work with executive management & the producers to not only increase our customer-base, but also optimize the way our games are played.
Define, implement, & execute profitable user acquisition & re-engagement strategies on ad networks, social media platforms, & various other channels. Reiterate when needed.
Develop A/B testing programs to maximize acquisition efforts & return.
Work with product teams to identify features that improve effective customer acquisition.
Generate performance reports & present to senior management.
Brief design teams on creative assets to maximize performance.
Manage & drive results from internal & third party Media partners.
Source & test new advertising channels/partners.
Define critical KPIs to measure segment profitability.
Manage acquisition budget & expected result.
Track & update your assigned tasks/hours twice a day in our project management software, Assembla.
Bachelor's degree in math, engineering, economics, business, or other quantitative field.
3+ years experience managing, growing & optimizing mobile acquisition campaigns & partnerships.
Ability to compile & analyze performance data & metrics & make decisions regarding campaign direction based on analysis.
Experience buying & negotiating ad buys; strongly prefer mobile/mobile games ad buying experience.
Experience running email re-engagement & acquisition campaigns.
Strong experience with analytic & campaign management tools.
Excellent organizational, communication & interpersonal skills.
Strong understanding and experience with the iOS and Android marketplaces.
Passion for games &/or interest in mobile gaming.


You want to start a business with no capital investment? You need guidance that will help you set up your business wisely? Then you are at the right place!
The angel investors are the people who invest their own funds for a business start-up through seed funding, usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity.
A small group of such investors organize themselves as angel groups or angel networks. These investors bare extremely high risk though, as they require a very high return on investment.
This is a financial capital provided to early-stage, high potential start-up companies by owning equity in the company they invest in.
It is suitable for the companies with limited operating history that are too small to invest the capital on the market. It is a way through which the private actors can build a business that creates a network for the new firms and industries.
These instant payday loans are short term loans that provide you with cash very easily; with no credit check required. You don't even need to produce collateral, which means your assets are safe from being lost if you failed to repay your loan amount.
They offer instant approval and the process for loan application and transactions is completely online and so doesn't need and physical appearance of the borrower.
They are a group of people who work for an organization that agrees to invest a capital amount in the upcoming business in a process to have an access to the property technology.
These individuals not only help you financially but also guide you in improving your business strategies and potential. This is a kind of guidance you get which helps you in fast growth of your business.
Business loans are the traditional secured loans which can be acquired by anyone by producing collateral and the business plan.
Depending upon the value of the collateral, which is an asset you produce, the loan amount will be judged. The interest rates and the time period for the loan repayment will be usually high and there is a risk associated with these loans, as you may lose your asset if you fail to repay the loan amount.
They are the first people that come into your mind when you are in need of money. You can take the initial amount from them in order to invest it into your business.
The advantage associated with this is that you can repay the money a little late and it doesn't affect much, however there will be a slight difference in your reputation. This is not advisable for the people who care a lot for their self-respect.
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