text:
Q: In category theory, why do we define the product by its universal property the way we do? Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a category and let $(X_i)_{i\in I}$ be a family of objects in $\mathcal{C}$. We say that an object $X$ in $\mathcal{C}$ is the product of $(X_i)_{i\in I}$ if we have morphisms $\pi_i:X\longrightarrow X_i$ such that for every object $Y$ in $\mathcal{C}$ and a family of morphisms $f_i:Y\longrightarrow X_i$, there exists a unique $f:Y \longrightarrow X$ such that the following diagram commutes
$$\require{AMScd}
\def\diaguparrow#1{\smash{\raise.6em\rlap{\scriptstyle #1}
   \lower.3em{\mathord{\diagup}}\raise.52em{\!\mathord{\nearrow}}}}
\begin{CD}
&& X\\
& \diaguparrow{f} @VV\pi_iV \\
Y @>>f_i> X_i
\end{CD}$$
This is how I've read we define a product in a given category $\mathcal{C}$. My question is, why do we define this universal property this way and not in any other way? Why is it interesting having this commutative diagram and not any other?
In the category of Sets, I can see how this corresponds to the cartesian product. Indeed, if we take $X=\prod X_i$ and we define $f(y)=(f_i(y))_{i\in I}$ and we take $\pi_i$ as the $i$-th projections, then we have a commutative diagram and the cartesian product becomes the product in Sets.
However, I still don't see why do we define the product in that way, it looks a bit unnatural to me. Was the definition motivated as a generalization of the cartesian product of sets so we could have a notion of it in other categories? If so, was this the only way to construct such generalization? Why is it important to have the product defined it this way?
It seems to me that by defining this object called product in any category we obtain an object with richer meaning. I wonder if there is any deep intuition about what a product is, or if it is "merely" an object that satisfies such commutative diagram and nothing else.

A: In sets, and usual categories with underlying sets, an element of a product $\prod_i X_i$ is just a family $(x_i)$ with $x_i\in X_i$ for all $i$.
Now in category theory, we don't have elements, but we have something to replace them : generalized elements.
A generalized element of $X$ is just an arrow $Y\to X$; you can think of it as elements of $X$ parametrized by some object $Y$; with this analogy you could say such an arrow is "a generalized element of $X$ of type $Y$" or something along those lines.
Now the crucial point is that in sets (and again, usual categories) the elements of a set completely characterize this set; and in this analogy we would want generalized elements to completely characterize an object. If you fix the type of the generalized elements (as we do in sets), that's not true, but if you allow any type, any parametrization, then it's true: it's the content of the Yoneda lemma, which essentially says "an object of any category is completely determined by its generalized elements".
If we apply this "philosophy"/interpretation of the Yoneda lemma/analogy between elements and generalized elements to products, we get the following principle (based on my first paragraph) :

A generalized element of a product $\prod_i X_i$ is just a family $(x_i)$ with $x_i$ a generalized element of $X_i$ for all $i$ [all of the same type - this is not clear from the above principle but morally it's clear that for there to be any sort of coherence we have to impose this restriction].

Now how do we get from here to the diagrams involved in the usual definition of a product in category theory ?
Well there is one particularly nice generalized element of any $X$ in any category : $X\overset{id_X}\to X$. So take $\prod_i X_i \to \prod_i X_i$ : this is a generalized element so by the above principle we get a family $(\pi_i)$ of generalized elements with $\pi_j : \prod_i X_i \to X_j$. These are our projections.
Now something implicit in the above highlighted principle is that the words "is just" should be understood as "the data is equivalent", not a literal "are equal" - and in category when we say that two pieces of data that are allowed to vary (the type of the generalized element is allowed to vary) are equivalent, we mean equivalent "in a coherent way" (whatever coherent means).
This means that any reasonable diagram that can be drawn commutes (in a very vague sense).
So now let $x: Y\to \prod_i X_i$ be any generalized element. We have an associated family $(x_i)$. But now $id \circ x$ is also a generalized element, and we have the family $(\pi_i)$ that represents $id$, so for each $i$ we can draw $$\require{AMScd} \begin{CD} Y @>x>> \prod_i X_i @>>> \prod_i X_i \\
@V{x_i}VV @V{\pi_i}VV \\
X_i @>>> X_i \end{CD}$$
The idea of coherence tells us that we should thus have $\pi_i\circ x = x_i$
We now see that the more precise and formal definition of product corresponds exactly to the intuition that I tried to describe above : we have maps $(\pi_i)$ and every generalized element $x$ is uniquely determined by the family of the $x_i = \pi_i\circ x$

A: Thoughts are free, and definitions are free. Your question is what is the purpose to define the product by its universal property the way we do.
Let me first correct your definition. The product of $(X_i)_{i\in I}$ of a family of objects of a category $\mathcal{C}$ is not an object having some property. In fact it is an entity consisting of an object $X$ of $\mathcal{C}$ and a family of morphisms $\pi_i: X\longrightarrow X_i$ such that for each object $Y$ and each family of morphisms $f_i:Y\longrightarrow X_i$ there exists a unique $f:Y \longrightarrow X$ such that the following diagram commutes
$$\require{AMScd}
\def\diaguparrow#1{\smash{\raise.6em\rlap{\scriptstyle #1}
   \lower.3em{\mathord{\diagup}}\raise.52em{\!\mathord{\nearrow}}}}
\begin{CD}
&& X\\
& \diaguparrow{f} @VV\pi_iV \\
Y @>>f_i> X_i
\end{CD}$$
The morphisms $\pi_i$ are an integral part of the product, it
is not enough to require the mere existence of such morphisms having the universal property. You could of course define a product object of the family $(X_i)_{i\in I}$ as an object $X$ for which there exists a family of morphisms $(\pi_i)_{i\in I}$ having the universal property. But then the morphism $f : Y \to X$ would depend on the particular choice of $(\pi_i)_{i\in I}$ and you end up with the above product concept: To find $f$, you need an object plus a family of morphisms.
You see that the purpose is simply to replace a family of morphisms $f_i: Y\longrightarrow X_i$ by a single morphism $f : Y \to X$. Is this reasonable? This is philosophical question. In fact, most definitions in category theory generalize standard concepts in the category of sets. If you think that the cartesian product of sets is a reasonable concept and agree that it is characterized by the above  universal property, then you should also accept that the general definition is not "unnatural". In fact, products in the categorical sense exist in many categories (e.g. in the categories of groups, abelian groups, rings, topological spaces, ...).

A: This definition is equivalent to requiring that there be bijections
$$
\text{Hom}_\mathcal{C}(Z, X\times Y) = \text{Hom}_\mathcal{C}(Z, X) \times \text{Hom}_\mathcal{C}(Z,Y)
$$ for any object $Z$ of $C$, functorially in $Z$. Here the product on the left is the mysterious "product object" of $\mathcal{C}$, which you wanted more motivation for, but the product on the right is just the usual product of sets. So it is in a sense the "natural" generalization of product in the category of sets.


Come one, come all! Watch the death-defying feats of a human fly - Crazy Climber! Help him scale the world's tallest buildings while avoiding tumbling girders, a marauding bird, and the villainous Mad Doctor. Hurry up! The show's about to start!
Data and credits for this game contributed by Wlokos , SunCup , Blueberry Buttface , Mookiethebold , and hydao .


While wintering at Fort Mandan, the man with pleurisy is bled and sweated. Lewis amputates some toes from the Indian boy with frostbite. Others continue working to free the boats from the ice and preparing the kiln to make charcoal.


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import { render } from 'react-dom'

import App from '/components/App'

PJF.html.bodyReady(() => render(
    <App />,
    document.getElementById('root')
))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cedar Point first welcomed its first guests as a public bathing beach in 1870. The park's modern era began with the installation of the Blue Streak roller coster in 1964 - the first of a line-up that has earned the lakeside park the nickname, "America's Roller Coast." Cedar Point's daily operating season typically runs from early May through Labor Day, with the park then opening on weekends through the end of October for its Halloweekends Halloween event.
Our recommendations below come from our annual survey of Theme Park Insider newsletter subscribers. Locations with star ratings ★ ranked especially highly among our readers. Click here to subscribe to our free, twice-weekly email of theme park news and to participate in the next ranking survey.
Steel Vengeance ★ ★ ★
A 5,740-foot Rocky Mountain Construction IBox rebuild of the former Mean Streak wooden coaster, with a 200-foot drop, top speed of 74 mph and 4 inversions. Height requirement: 52 inches
› Read James Koehl's Steel Vengeance review
Maverick ★ ★ ★
A 4,450-foot Intamin blitz coaster with a 100-foot beyond-vertical drop, top speed of 70 mph and two inversions. Height requirement: 52 inches
Millennium Force ★ ★
A 6,595-foot Intamin giga coaster with a 300-foot drop and top speed of 93 mph. Height requirement: 48 inches
Valravn
A 3,415-foot Bolliger & Mabillard dive coaster with a 214-foot drop, top speed of 75 mph and three inversions. Height requirement: 54 inches
› Read James Koehl's Valravn review
A 4,164-foot Bolliger & Mabillard wing coaster with a 164-foot drop, top speed of 67 mph and six inversions. Height requirement: 52 inches
› Read James Koehl's GateKeeper review
Rougarou
A 3,900-foot Bolliger & Mabillard floorless coaster with a 137-foot drop, top speed of 60 mph and four inversions. This is a 2015 conversion of the former Mantis stand-up coaster. Height requirement: 54 inches
› Read James Koehl's review of Rougarou
A 3,790-foot Bolliger & Mabillard inverted coaster with a 119-foot drop, top speed of 57 mph and six inversions. Height requirement: 54 inches
Magnum XL-200
A 5,106-foot Arrow Dynamics hyper coaster with a 195-foot drop and top speed of 72 mph. Height requirement: 48 inches
The park's oldest coaster, this Philadelphia Toboggan classic runs 2,558 feet with a 72-foot drop and top speed of 40 mph. Height requirement: 48 inches
A 3,935-foot Arrow Dynamics racing coaster with a 118-foot drop and top speed of 60 mph. Height requirement: 48 inches
Iron Dragon
A 2,800-foot Arrow Dynamics suspended coaster with a height of 76 feet and top speed of 40 mph. Height requirement: 48 inches
Cedar Creek Mine Ride
A 2,540-foot Arrow Dynamics mine train with a height of 48 feet and top speed of 42 mph. Height requirement: 48 inches
A 2,050-foot Arrow Dynamics custom looping coaster with a height of 85 feet, top speed of 48 mph and three inversions. Height requirement: 48 inches
Top Thrill Dragster
(* Top Thrill Dragster closed following an accident in the 2021 season and its future is uncertain.) A 2,800-foot Intamin accelerator with a 120 mph launch up a 420-foot Top Hat. Height requirement: 52 inches
In addition to the "grown up" coasters, in the Camp Snoopy children's area Cedar Point offers Wilderness Run, an Intamin children's coaster with a height requirement of 36 inches, and Woodstock Express, a Vekoma junior coaster with a height requirement of 36 inches with supervising companion and 48 inches otherwise.
Other rides and shows
Other notable attractions include the Snake River Expedition boat ride and Celebrate 150 Spectacular night parade, as well as a Sky Ride down the Main Midway, the Cedar Point and Lake Erie Railroad around Frontier Trail, and the Camp Snoopy children's play area, plus dozens of carnival-style rides throughout the park.
Cedar Point is located in Sandusky, Ohio - on a peninsula in Lake Erie about an hour west of Cleveland.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
The UPC will award an honorary doctoral degree to the American astrophysicist Kip S. Thorne
On Thursday 25 May of this year, the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) will award an honorary doctoral degree to Professor Kip S. Thorne, one of the world's leading experts in the fields of theoretical physics, gravitational physics and astrophysics. His career has been outstanding in fields of science such as gravity, optics and astrophysics, but also in highly technological fields such as the design of signal processing algorithms. The investiture ceremony will take place at 11.30 a.m. in the auditorium of the Vèrtex building and can be followed live on UPCtv.
Kip S. Thorne (Logan, Utah, 1940) is currently Feynman Emeritus Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in the United States. He graduated from Caltech in 1962 and obtained a doctoral degree from Princeton University in 1965. He is one of the world's leading experts in gravitational physics and astrophysics, specialising in stellar evolution, black holes, and especially the emission of gravitational waves, on which he is the world authority. He was one of the promoters of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), a project that allowed him to make the first direct observation of these waves, the last of the predictions of Einstein's general theory of relativity that still had to be proven. This discovery has opened up a new era for physics, astrophysics and cosmology and has been compared to the introduction of the first optical telescopes for astronomical observation, because it will allow the properties of the universe to be explored through a new observational window. The founders of LIGO—Rainer Weiss, Ronald Drever and Thorne himself—are firm candidates for the next Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery.
Thorne has pursued a multidisciplinary career, focusing not only on areas of science such as gravity, optics and astrophysics, but also on highly technological areas such as the design of signal processing algorithms. The impact of his academic work is unquestionable because his work has received more than 30,000 citations, he has an h-index of 79, and he has mentored a whole generation of scientists who have completed their doctoral thesis under his supervision. Thorne has also received numerous awards from the most prestigious academic institutions in the world.
Since 2009, Thorne has combined scientific research with his role as a science writer and populariser. He was a scientific consultant and executive producer of the film Interstellar directed by Christopher Nolan, which deals with the possibility of time travel through a wormhole. His research currently focuses on exploring the non-linear dynamics of curved space-time with computer simulations and analytical calculations.
The proposal to award Professor Thorne an honorary doctorate was sponsored by the UPC's Department of Physics and by Professor Enrique Garcia-Berro from the same department, who will deliver the oration in praise of Professor Thorne. The proposal was approved by the UPC's Governing Council on 15 December of last year. It received the support of the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO, a university research institute affiliated to the UPC, the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC), the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics of the Leibniz Universität Hannover, the Department of Physics of the Università degli Studi di Trento, and the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of the University of Cambridge.
During his stay in Barcelona for the investiture ceremony, Professor Thorne will participate in the discussion "Geometrodynamics: Exploring the Nonlinear Dynamics of Curved Spacetime with Computer Simulations and Gravitational-Wave Observations", which will be held in Castelldefels at 12 noon on Friday 26 May in the auditorium of the ICFO on the UPC's Baix Llobregat Campus. At 6 p.m. on the same day, Professor Thorne will deliver a lecture entitled "Exploring the Universe with Gravitational Waves: from the Big Bang to Black Holes" at La Pedrera, Barcelona.
Screening of Interstellar and conferences on gravitational waves at the UPC
During Kip S. Thorne's visit, the UPC has organised three activities in Barcelona. The first is Ones gravitatòries: El so de l'espai-temps, a lecture by Carlos F. Sopuerta, from the Institute of Space Sciences, on Monday 22 May, at 12 noon, in the lecture hall of the School of Mathematics and Statistics (C. Pau Gargallo, 14).
The second is Les ones gravitacionals: les noves missatgeres de l'univers, a lecture by Alícia M. Sintes, a professor at the University of the Balearic Islands, on Wednesday 24 May, at 12 noon, in the North Campus's Aula Màster (C. Jordi Girona, 1-3).
Also on 24 May, in the same venue, at 6 p.m., the film Interstellar, for which Thorne was the scientific advisor and executive producer, will be shown. The film will be preceded by a presentation by the professor Jordi José, who is also a science writer and an expert in science fiction who uses science fiction in the classroom.
Attached Documents
Foto3Copyright-Sergey-Vyatchanin-web.jpg


We worked with the Trustees and Senior Management team of one of the largest Master Trusts in the UK, to formulate their approach to the new requirements to be Authorised by the Pensions Regulator.
We also provided the Trustees with a training session on the background, the requirements and our initial findings of the scheme's position relative to these.
We then worked with them to produce their Readiness Review , with specific focus on their Business Plan and Continuity Strategy. Unlike many schemes, this involved treating the Readiness Review as a full dry run for the Authorisation process resulting in highly detailed and extensive documentation.
We have provided trustee services to a DC master trust as an independent Trustee . This has covered regular governance areas including administration and investment performance monitoring, production of Trustee Report and Accounts and 'Value For Money' judgement for the Chairman's DC Statement.
In addition, we have been involved with specific projects including: investment review to allow for pension freedoms, review of member communication materials, update of annual benefit statements , administration issues following failure of the administration system to implement lifestyle switching correctly, detailed discussions around the wind-up of the scheme and related costs and potential transfer vehicles.
We undertook a significant project to analyse the position of a large DB/DC hybrid scheme of a FTSE-30 organisation against all of the relevant Pensions Regulator's Codes of Practice , including the latest Code 13 for DC schemes.
This included an initial detailed summary of the content of each Code and specific requirements of the sponsoring employer and the Trustee. We then compared the current practice of all elements of the way the scheme was being run with the requirements of each Code of Practice.
This covered administration procedures, pension team staffing requirements, trustee documentation, member communication materials, trustee and support staff training, trustee nominations, investment review and monitoring procedures, processes for payment of contributions, internal controls, all requirements in relation to a significant change to DB accrual, internal disputes procedures, revisions to the Scheme's Contribution Schedule and Statement of Investment Principles and general legislative requirements.
The review lead to a number of changes being recommended and implemented together with formal procedures designed to maintain full compliance with the Codes.
We worked with a very large hybrid DB/DC scheme to communicate the impact of the change in Lifetime and Annual Allowances. This included an analysis of the membership for potentially impacted employees, drafting of relevant member communication materials and numerous employee presentations and 1-1 sessions.
The outcome was a number of impacted employees claimed the relevant HMRC 'protection' and, where appropriate, withdrew from ongoing pension accrual.
We performed a significant piece of work to fully compare the merits and otherwise of the National Employment Savings Trust (NEST) with The People's Pension (from BC&E).
This covered areas such as brand and durability (including a detailed analysis of their financial positions), assets and memberships, "quality marks", administration systems, auto-enrolment support, investment default and wider fund options, member and employer charges, at retirement options, and member and employer communication materials. This enabled our client to make a decision as to the future provision of their auto-enrolment scheme for many thousands of their employees.
In each case, members have benefited from enhanced investment and communication options and the sponsoring employer has seen a reduction in the running costs of the arrangement.
We have helped a number of clients review the DC investment fund options for their trust and contract based arrangements following internal changes (the merger of two DC schemes) and external changes (new market innovations and the pensions freedoms).
This included consideration of the make-up and presentation of the default fund and wider fund options . In addition, the approach to 'lifestyle' de-risking was looked at in detail e.g. traditional lifestyle , target date funds etc. with specific reference to the options needed to be offered to members to allow access to pension freedoms.
We then considered how the changes were to be communicated to members focussing in particular on trying to ensure that members understood not only the risks inherent in the various options but also the potential consequences (both good and bad) of investing in a fund with a specific risk profile.
We worked closely with a major asset manager to design and implement a DC proposition .
Background, context and size of the DC market in the UK and predictions for the future.
Innovations in the DC market over the last 20 years (successes and failures).
Propositions of the major current providers (investment managers, insurance companies and consultants).
Industry best practice approaches to administration, communications and decumulation services.
DC delivery vehicles including trust and contract based schemes and master trusts.
Profiles of typical DC 'buyers' and their different requirements.
The role and influence of the major consultants.
Sales and marketing /distribution options.
Impact of the charging cap and potential future changes to it.
Requirement (costs, resources, partnerships) for delivery and implementation.
Business case – Market analysis, profitability forecasts, alternative options.
Competitor analysis – Existing and potential future master trust providers, product features, strengths and weaknesses.
Administration options – In-house or outsource.
Investment approach – Off the shelf or in-house fiduciary managed funds, lifestyle or target date funds.
Governance requirements – Independent trustee requirements, roles and specifications, individual or corporate trustees.
Assurance Framework and PQM Ready requirements – Summary of details, initial review cross check.
Contents of Trust Deed and Rules – Drafting of high level specification/requirements, review of initial draft against requirements.
Member communications – Drafting and strategy.
Post retirement provision – what post-retirement benefits should be offered from within the scheme.
Project managemen t – required steps for implementation, oversight of progress.
Sales and marketing programme – Drafting and strategy.
We fully reviewed the capabilities of an existing in-house administration team and made recommendations for changes to the internal processes and relevant staffing in order to maximise the efficiency of the team.
We then thoroughly appraised the major outsourced administration providers in the market place and negotiated very competitive 'best offer' terms. We presented our findings both to the company and its trustees, ultimately leading to a very successful outsourcing of scheme administration, with transferring staff and trustees all happy with the outcome.
We worked with a DC scheme to consider their options as to how they might offer the new pension flexibilities to their members. This included whether they should be offered from within the scheme or from an external provider.
To do this we considered in detail what the options were and, following a membership analysis , why they would be attractive to certain types of member. We then looked at the practical implications of offering the options through the scheme on areas such as tax, payroll, member communication, administration, investment and death benefits.
We then compared this with the implications of selecting a 'preferred' provider to offer 'at retirement' options, including the different types of 'product' (master trust and self-invested personal pensions), the criteria that could be used to select a provider, how they could be subsequently monitored and the legal position of the trustees in making what could be perceived as a recommendation to members.
This was far from an easy decision with clear advantages and disadvantages to each approach, but the specific position and history of the scheme together with our practical DC experience and knowledge of what members generally want lead to a clear decision to select a preferred provider.
We then assisted the scheme to select a suitable provider and implement to the new processes including fully revising the approach to member communications in the years leading up to retirement.
We have great experience in this area, covering the whole merger process of many different scheme types.
In one case, we produced and presented a feasibility study and business case to get the appropriate approvals from the Board. We then developed proposals for the trustees and company representatives (including those from HR and Finance), before helping with the formal negotiation of merger terms, effectively acting as facilitators between the company and trustees.
We also produced detailed communications to members (from the company and trustees) explaining the rationale and benefits of the changes, leading to a successful merger of the two schemes and predicted cost savings.
We've worked with FTSE 100 employers, and many smaller employers, on auto-enrolment implementation and re-enrolment projects.
For example, we have guided employers through the auto-enrolment requirements and the implementation process. We pulled together employee data from multiple payroll sources, assessed the predicted costs based on various contribution schedules and possible take-up rates, and helped to develop pension scheme design. We then co-ordinated implementation activity across the trustee, pension providers, HR, payroll, finance, pensions administrators, systems suppliers and other third-parties.
Finally, we helped produce employee communications for consultation and auto-enrolment purposes.


Bing Bang's Des Moines Video Production Team Takes on "The Big Game"
Business Challenge: Greenland Homes is a premiere homebuilder in the Des Moines metro wanting to raise their profile and show how they can help home shoppers across the metro discover their dream home.
Campaign Goal: Create positive buzz and excitement for the spring home buying season.
Overview: In late 2017, Greenland approached Bing Bang with a challenge. With a growing and competitive local home builder market, Greenland wanted to raise their profile, and showcase their brand.
As the Bing Bang team began brainstorming, the idea of purchasing broadcast media to begin the brand "buzz" and then following with a lengthier digital media push to continue to build momentum and target their key demographic took hold.
With the Super Bowl and Olympic Winter Games quickly approaching, the Bing Bang and Greenland Homes teams quickly went to work to produce a 30-second ad to be broadcast during the Big Game and throughout NBC's Olympic coverage.
The end result? A fun, lighthearted yet relatable commercial for all the hardworking Moms out there – who just happen to drive home purchasing decisions. "Every Mom Deserves a Fairy Godmother" features a hardworking Mom arriving home after a long day of work. As she gathers herself to deal with a cramped and messy home (and her less than ideal family), her fairy godmother, Davida, arrives to help. Davida surveys the scene and quickly realizes what would help Mom deal with the craziness of life – a new, spacious and sparkling home. With a snap of her fingers, Davida the Fairy Godmother works her magic, giving Mom the home of her dreams, and the family of her dreams.
The fun doesn't stop there, though! The commercial dropped on social media after airing, and the Super Bowl commercial is just the start of a spring "Discover Your Dream Home" campaign to get Des Moines-area home shoppers excited about finding their dream home on a variety of channels, including Pinterest, Instagram and Facebook.
The Results: As of this writing, the :30 second spot has garnered more than 10,000 views in less than 24 hours on social media, and we're seeing great engagement.
How It's Different: Getting the right message for a local brand on one of the biggest stages of the year.


Today, John Swinney, Cabinet Secretary for Education and Life Long Learning and Deputy First Minister, launched Respect for All in the Scottish Parliament. Respect for All is Scotland's national approach to anti-bullying. LGBT Youth Scotland is pleased to announce the launch of Addressing Inclusion: Effectively Challenging Homophobia, Biphobia and Transphobia, which sits alongside Respect for All.
Developed in partnership with respectme, Addressing Inclusion aims to help primary and secondary education staff to challenge incidents of homophobic, biphobic and transphobic bullying in their schools. Research shows that 69% of LGBT young people had experienced homophobic or biphobic bullying in school and 77% of transgender young people had experienced homophobic, biphobic, or transphobic bullying in school.
This guidance will support teachers to ensure that they are able to recognise and respond to incidents of bullying. Additionally, it features practical advice in how to be proactive in ensuring that their schools are inclusive learning environments and learners understand and respect LGBT identities. This will help schools to prevent bullying before it starts; we believe prevention is the best method of responding to bullying.
LGBT Youth Scotland has also recently launched Supporting Transgender Young People: Guidance for Schools in Scotland in partnership with Scottish Trans Alliance and funded by the Scottish Government. You can access this guidance, as well as other educational resources here.


text:
Mucocutaneous Side Effects Associated wi...
Mucocutaneous Side Effects Associated with Liposomal Doxorubicin Therapy: Case Series
Ada S. , Senel E., Ayhan A.
TURKIYE KLINIKLERI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI, vol.31, no.4, pp.993-997, 2011 (Journal Indexed in SCI)
Doi Number: 10.5336/medsci.2009-13906
Title of Journal : TURKIYE KLINIKLERI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI
Liposomal doxorubicin is a new form of doxorubicin. Compared to free doxorubicin, liposomal form has been associated with increased efficacy, reduced myelosuppression and cardiac side effects. However, mucocutaneous side effects still occur and can be dose-limiting. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical features of mucocutaneous side effects associated with liposomal doxorubicin therapy. We evaluated eight consecutive patients who were referred to Dermatology Department between January 2008 and April 2009 because of various mucocutaneous side effects attributed to liposomal doxorubicin therapy. The clinical features of side effects and the onset time after chemotherapy cycles were recorded. A severity scale of I through IV was adopted for toxic effects to the skin, based on the common toxicity criteria of National Cancer Instittute. Acral erythrodysesthesia was observed in all (100%) patients. Intertrigo-like eruption was identified in six (75%) of them. One patient (12.5%) developed diffuse follicular eruption, two patients (25%) stomatitis, and one (12.5%) showed new melanotic macules on the palms. Five of the patients developed Grade III skin lesions, four of which were compatible with acral erytrodysesthesia and the other with intertrigo-like eruption. Mucoutaneous side effects occurred after third chemotherapy cycle in three patients, and after second cycle in the remaining five patients. Liposomal doxorubicin may cause spesific, dose-dependent mucocutaneous side effects which frequently interfere with quality of life. Clinicians should be aware of the clinical features of those side effects and avoid predisposing factors.


text:
Plant Micronutrient Use Efficiency
Download or Read online Plant Micronutrient Use Efficiency full in PDF, ePub and kindle. This book written by Mohammad Anwar Hossain and published by Academic Press which was released on 23 March 2018 with total pages 324. We cannot guarantee that Plant Micronutrient Use Efficiency book is available in the library, click Get Book button to download or read online books. Join over 650.000 happy Readers and READ as many books as you like.
Author : Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Plant Micronutrient Use Efficiency: Molecular and Genomic Perspectives in Crop Plants presents information on the complex mechanisms regulating micronutrient use efficiency in plants. Understanding this science is essential for the development of new varieties of crop plants that are more resilient to micronutrient stress, as well as plants with increased bioavailable concentrations of essential micronutrients. This book explores the discovery of novel genes and key metabolic pathways associated with micronutrient use efficiency in plants, gives an analyses of the gene expression patterns in plants in response to low and/or high nutrient levels, and investigates the potential functions of these genes and their products. Strategies to enhance micronutrient use efficiency and stress tolerance, to develop bio-fortified crop, and to improve the sustainable utilization of natural resources are critically evaluated. The book contains both fundamental and advanced information as well as critical commentaries that are useful for those involved in the various fields that make up the plant sciences. Presents in-depth information on mineral nutrition, including coverage of all the major micronutrients Explores the molecular and genetic aspects of micronutrient use efficiency in crop plants Provides information and critical discussion of the latest developments in the micronutrient biofortification of crop plants with an aim to prevent micronutrient deficiencies in humans Includes contributions from experts in plant micronutrient use efficiency and crop biofortification
Plant Micronutrient Use Efficiency by Mohammad Anwar Hossain,Takehiro Kamiya,David J. Burritt,Lam-Son Phan Tran,Toru Fujiwara
Plant Micronutrient Use Efficiency: Molecular and Genomic Perspectives in Crop Plants presents information on the complex mechanisms regulating micronutrient use efficiency in plants. Understanding this science is essential for the development of new varieties of crop plants that are more resilient to micronutrient stress, as well as plants with increased
Plant Macronutrient Use Efficiency by Mohammad Anwar Hossain,Takehiro Kamiya,David Burritt,Lam-Son Phan Tran,Toru Fujiwara
Plant Macronutrient Use Efficiency presents an up-to-date overview of the latest research on the molecular and genetic basis of macro-nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in plants, and strategies that can be used to improve NUE and nutrient-associated stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant NUE is a measure of how efficiently plants
The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops by Malcolm J. Hawkesford,Peter Barraclough
Efforts to increase efficient nutrient use by crops are of growing importance as the global demand for food, fibre and fuel increases and competition for resources intensifies. The Molecular and Physiological Basis of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Crops provides both a timely summary of the latest advances in the field
Plant Micronutrients by Tariq Aftab,Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Plants require essential nutrients (macronutrients and micronutrients) for normal functioning. Sufficiency range is the levels of nutrients necessary to meet the plant's needs for optimal growth. This range depends on individual plant species and the particular nutrient. Nutrient levels outside of a plant's sufficiency range cause overall crop
Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants by Malcolm J. Hawkesford,Stanislav Kopriva,Luit J. De Kok
Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants: Concepts and Approaches is the ninth volume in the Plant Ecophysiology series. It presents a broad overview of topics related to improvement of nutrient use efficiency of crops. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a measure of how well plants use the available mineral nutrients. It
Input Use Efficiency for Food and Environmental Security by Rajan Bhatt
Download or read online Input Use Efficiency for Food and Environmental Security written by Rajan Bhatt, published by Springer Nature which was released on . Get Input Use Efficiency for Food and Environmental Security Books now! Available in PDF, ePub and Kindle.
Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants by Arun Shanker,Chitra Shanker
The impact of global climate change on crop production has emerged as a major research priority during the past decade. Understanding abiotic stress factors such as temperature and drought tolerance and biotic stress tolerance traits such as insect pest and pathogen resistance in combination with high yield in plants is
Micronutrient Deficiencies in Global Crop Production by Brian J. Alloway
A deficiency of one or more of the eight plant micronutrients (boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel and zinc) will adversely affect both the yield and quality of crops. Micronutrient deficiencies in crops occur in many parts of the world, at various scales (from one to millions of hectares),
Microbial Biofertilizers and Micronutrient Availability by Shams Tabrez Khan
Download or read online Microbial Biofertilizers and Micronutrient Availability written by Shams Tabrez Khan, published by Springer Nature which was released on . Get Microbial Biofertilizers and Micronutrient Availability Books now! Available in PDF, ePub and Kindle.
Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants by Tariq Aftab,Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Perspectives highlights the various metal induced impacts on plants and adaptation strategies employed to avoid these stressful conditions. The volume comprise the chapters from the different areas ranging from latest biotechnological to omics approaches. This comprehensive volume emphasizes on the recent updates
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Microbes in Land Use Change Management details the various roles of microbial resources in management of land uses and how the microbes can be used for the source of income due to their cultivation for the purpose of biomass and bioenergy production. Using various techniques, the disturbed and marginal lands
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In all living organisms, essential micronutrients are cofactors of many ubiquitous proteins that participate in crucial metabolic pathways, but can also be toxic when present in excessive concentrations. In order to achieve correct homeostasis, plants need to control uptake of metals from the environment, their distribution to organs and tissues,
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Plants face a wide range of environmental challenges, which are expected to become more intense as a result of global climate change. Plant–soil interactions play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. Soil properties represent a strong selection pressure for plant diversity and influence the structure of plant
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text:
Q: How to change or fill database name inside variable In my code below I want to fill database name using input to choose one of existing databases
import mysql.connector
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(host = 'localhost', port = '3306', user = 'root', password = '',
database = user_input )
mycursor = mydb.cursor()

def choosedb():
    user_input = input("choose database name : ")
    mycursor.execute('Show tables')
    for tb in mycursor:
        print (tb)
choosedb()

A: From what I have understood, you need to ask user to input the db you want to list tables from. You have already written most of the code, so here is a little improvement to your code.
from mysql import connector

mydb = connector.connect(host="localhost", user="root", password="")
mycursor = mydb.cursor()

def get_input():
    # this function will keep on asking for input if the user gives in empty field
    x = input("Database name: ")
    if not x == "":
        return x
    get_input()

def choosedb():
    # using while loop is optional if you just want to run script once.
    while True:
        # you get user input here as x
        x = get_input()
        # then query on the db server
        mycursor.execute(f"SHOW FULL TABLES FROM {x};")
        for table in mycursor:
            # then all tables are listed with table name and type and separated by TAB
            print(*table, sep="\t")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    choosedb()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Implications of the CBN Naira 4 Dollar Promo for Diaspora Remittances
Forex	 3137 VIEWS
Friday, March 12, 2021 / 01:15 PM / by FDC / Header Image Credit: Nairaweb
In a bid to sustain the increase in Diaspora remittances into the country, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has introduced a 'Naira-4-Dollar' promo. The promo, which takes effect from March 8, 2021 and ends on May 8, 2021, offers recipients of Diaspora remittances N5 for every $1 received as remittance inflow through licensed International Money Transfer Operators (IMTOs).
Some Facts
Like Bangladesh and Pakistan, the CBN designed this promo to increase awareness and diaspora remittances inflows into the country through the IMTOs
According to the Apex bank it should reduce the cost of remittances from the current cut-throat rates
In nominal terms, the exchange rate is unchanged but in reality it is an effective 1% depreciation of the currency. The IEFX rate has fallen 4% YTD to N411/$
This initiative is expected to increase Diaspora remittances flow into the country, boosting forex supply. This will also stem the depletion in the gross external reserves level (currently at $34.88bn as at March 4).
Nigeria was the 7th largest recipient of remittances in 2018 behind India, China, Mexico, Philippines, France and Egypt. However, the World Bank projected a $2bn drop in Diaspora remittances into Nigeria to $21.7bn in 2020 from $23.8bn in 2019, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the attendant economic crisis.
As forex supply increases, we expect demand pressures to ease with a possible naira appreciation especially at the parallel market. Year-to-date, the naira has lost 2.55% at the parallel market (currently trading at N482/$). More importantly, the new policy is likely to reduce the premium between the parallel market and the IEFX rates (currently at N71). It will also reduce the cost burden of remitting funds to Nigeria by Nigerians in the Diaspora.
A potential risk to this development is that there will be attempts to roundtrip and arbitrage the system.
In addition, the current pandemic and furloughs could cut deep into the inflows. This is because foreign remittance is largely dependent on the economic conditions in the global economy, particularly the originating countries. According to PWC, the bulk of Nigeria's remittances flow came from the US, UK, Cameroon, Italy, Ghana, Spain, Germany, Benin Republic, Ireland and Canada in 2017. The good news is that all these countries are expected to recover from the COVID-induced recession in 2021 with an average growth rate of 4.3%.
More than anything else, efforts should be geared towards boosting forex inflows by scaling up non-oil exports. This requires sector specific policy initiatives to attract investors and develop the non-oil sector. The FG is proposing new taxes on petroleum products, telecoms and non-alcoholic beverages. While this boost government revenues, it poses significant threat on business growth.
1. Naira 4 Dollar Scheme: A Welcome CBN Experiment with Remittances
2. Gross Official Reserves Declined by USD1.20bn to USD35.10bn in February 2021
3. CBN Naira 4 Dollar Scheme: A Subtle Devaluation?
4. New Policy on Remittance Inflow to Reduce Cost, Check Round-Tripping - CBN
5. Policy on Remittance Flows Administration Aimed at Increasing Transparency - Emefiele
6. CBN Introduces the Naira 4 Dollar Scheme for Diaspora Remittances
10. Q3 2020: The Negative COVID Impact on Remittances
11. 5 Tips for Success in Forex Trading
12. NCM 2020: Lower FX Earnings Widened the Gap Between Two Markets
AXA Mansard Empowers Female Business Owners
COVID-19 and the Manufacturing Sector
FMDQ Exchange Admits Fidelity Bank's N41.21bn Series 1 Bond on Its Platform
Nov-Dec 2020 COVID-19 Impact Monitoring Report: More Employment, Lower Real Incomes
You would be the first to know the latest happenings around the Financial Market on Markets
Fed Tightening: Tighter Financial Conditions for EMs
President Buhari Okays Establishment of Nigerian Diaspora Investment Trust Fund
Naira Convergence: Impact and Imperatives
NAFEX Rate Depreciated by 0.36% WoW to N419.16


The TextFits is a read-only property that is true if rendered TextLabel/Text content does not fit within the GuiBase2d/AbsoluteSize when rendered. If TextLabel/TextWrapped is true, this indicates that some text is truncated and not rendering. Otherwise, it indicates if the line of text is rendering outside the UI element's rectangle. If TextLabel/TextScaled is enabled, this property will disable when text must be scaled down in order to fit.


PHOENIX--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Aug 9, 2018--OH Partners co-founders Matt Owens and Scott Harkey have named Brad Casper as Chief Executive Officer, leveraging his experience of scaling large companies while allowing them to focus on growth, innovation and creating a new business model to better serve clients.
Casper joined OH Partners in 2016 as Executive Chairman. He previously was President and CEO of Dial Corp, President of the Phoenix Suns, President of Church & Dwight, and Vice President and General Manager of Procter & Gamble. He has been a leading business executive in Phoenix since 2005.
In naming Casper CEO, Owens and Harkey will become Managing Partners. Owens has spent virtually his entire professional lifetime in the advertising industry and will begin to benchmark other companies and agencies that OH Partners might wish to partner with or absorb. Harkey will work on expanding the agency's footprint in California and the Southwest, spending significant time out of Arizona and pursuing continued growth including new clients and possible agency mergers and acquisitions.
Moore brings more than 20 years of broadcast and content production experience to Matter with a vast portfolio that includes award-winning work for MTV/VH1, ESPN, Fox Sports and PBS. Moore hired nationally-renowned director of cinematography Brandon Barnard and producer Kyle Gilbert to help launch the company. Matter provides production services to a variety of OH Partners clients, and has grown a loyal client list of its own.
OH Partners and Matter Films work with brands and organizations in Arizona, California, Colorado, Texas, Nevada, and Idaho, and in Mexico. The agency has 112 employees, and momentum fueled by local, regional and national awards and recognition.
Since 2016 alone, the agency has attracted a blue-ribbon roster of clients including USA Triathlon, Offerpad, Verra Mobility, Pita Pit, Eat Smart, Independent Bank, Dole Packaged Foods, Gila River Hotels & Casinos, the Arizona Lottery, Fiesta Bowl, Arizona Department of Health Services, Arizona Coyotes, Phoenix Convention Center, and most recently, Salt River Project.


text:
Q: rule-based combination of sublists I have a list:
lis = {{a},{1,2},{b},{3},{c,z},{d,e,f},{4}}

I would like to join adjacent members of this list when both are not integers (or lists of integers), producing:
res = {{a},{1,2},{b},{3},{c,z,d,e,f},{4}}

Testing all members of lis with Head results in True because each member of lis is itself a list.  Thanks for any advice!

A: Flatten /@ Split[lis, And/* FreeQ[_Integer]] (* using @Coolwater's idea in a comment*)
SequenceReplace[lis, {a : {Except[_Integer]..}..} :> Join[a]]
SequenceReplace[lis, {a__?(FreeQ[_Integer])} :> Join[a]]
ReplaceRepeated[lis, {a___, b : Repeated[{Except[_Integer] ..}, {2, Infinity}], c___} :>
  {a, Join[b], c}]

all give

{{a}, {1, 2}, {b}, {3}, {c, z, d, e, f}, {4}}


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text:
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"THE TOTALITY" part one! A brand-new era begins here! Comics legends Scott Snyder and Jim Cheung launch the Justice League into a cosmos-shaking mystery that will draw out their most terrible foes…in ways our heroes couldn't possibly imagine! 26/02/39 · Directed by Zack Snyder. With Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Jason Momoa, Ezra Miller. Fueled by his restored faith in humanity and inspired by Superman's selfless act, Bruce Wayne enlists the help of his new-found ally, Diana Prince, to face an even greater enemy.
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The Justice League pulls back the curtain on their futures and learns that not everything is what they've seen. The team goes to confront the Justice League of Tomorrow for the truth, but can they handle it? Meanwhile, with his powers waning, Superman struggles to remain hopeful on a world with no sunlight. Greater than the sum of their awe-inspiring parts, the Justice League handles threats too massive for any single hero. Made up of the World's Greatest Super Heroes, their membership inflates and contracts around each new threat, but the core line-up is known as the Big Seven: Superman, the most powerful hero in the world; Batman, the apex of 26/02/39 · Directed by Zack Snyder. With Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Jason Momoa, Ezra Miller. Fueled by his restored faith in humanity and inspired by Superman's selfless act, Bruce Wayne enlists the help of his new-found ally, Diana Prince, to face an even greater enemy. Read Justice League (2011) Issue #50 comic online free and high quality. Unique reading type: All pages - just need to scroll to read next page. 05/06/38 · Toyman and Cyborg control Wonder Woman and Batman in a video game simulation in the Cartoon Network series Justice League Action.
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Discovering South Carolina – Everyone Should Visit at Least Once!
I admit I'm probably a little biased since I live here. I didn't grow up here but came to South Carolina at 50 years old. Why? Having grown up and raised my family in the North East, I wanted a warmer climate. I didn't want to ever see snow again. I didn't want to ever shovel … [Read more...] about Discovering South Carolina – Everyone Should Visit at Least Once!


text:
Islamabad is the capital of
A. Pakistan
B. Bangladesh
C. Iraq
D. Iran
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Name the documentary based on music maestro AR Rahman's life which was screened at the White House recently?
Supreme Court has recently restricted the use of photographs of political leaders and government functionaries…
Which of the following is not a renewable resource?
Who was recently appointed as Chairman and Managing Director of state-run National Fertilizers Ltd (NFL)?
Adolf Hitler was born in?
Which of the following is the currency of China ?
Which of the following is a Member of G-8 ?
Which of the following is the Unit of work?
Who was the first child born after operative procedure?
The 3rd Summit of BRICS was organised in 2011 in
Which of the following is the host city of Olympic 2012 ?
Who among the following was recently appointed as the new chancellor of Nalanda University?
National Youth day is observed on _____?
Who recently won the CEAT Indian Cricketer of the Year award?


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Somalia Rainfall Forecast - Issued 23 April 2020
The Gu rainy season continued to spread in time and space within Somalia. Moderate to heavy rains were reported in many places in the last two days since the last update. Gedo, Bay, Bakool and Middle Juba regions in the south recorded the highest amounts of rainfall. Heavy rains were also observed in Somaliland where some stations received a total of more than 100mm in a single day on 21 April 2020. The rainfall forecast for the coming week is calling for increased rainfall activities in most areas inside Somalia and in the Ethiopian highlands. The rains will be between today and tomorrow followed by a slight reduction of the activities thereafter. There has been very heavy rains within the Juba basin over the last 24 hours. Flash floods have been reported in Dollow this morning while the river level at Luuq is 0.50m away from the moderate flood risk level. The levels in Bardheere have surpassed the moderate flood risk level and flooding has been reported in the area. In Middle Juba region, the levels are also very high and expected to continue rising. There is therefore a High risk of flooding along the Juba River during this week. The River levels along the Shabelle River remain below normal at this time of the year. Given the rainfall forecast within the Ethiopian highlands, the levels are expected o continue rising with no foreseen immediate threat of flooding. There is also a High risk of flash floods in Bay region due to foreseen heavy rains within the next 24 hours.
Most parts of Somalia will remain dry in the next seven days, apart from some areas in Gedo, Bay, Middle Juba and Lower Juba regions, in the south where light to moderate rains are expected. Moderate wet conditions are also expected in the Ethiopian highlands within the week. Other areas including Somaliland, Puntland and central regions will remain dry or receive minimal rains during the week. River levels along the Juba and Shabelle Rivers continued to rise gradually but still remains below normal at this time of the year. The levels may increase further towards the end of the week with no risk of flooding.
Somali Floods Update - Issued 27 April 2020
The 2020 Gu (April-June) seasonal rains continued to intensify across Somalia during the 4th week of April. Compared to the previous two weeks, there was a significant increase of rainfall in most parts of Somalia as well as the eastern Ethiopian highlands. Many areas observed more than three days of consecutive heavy rains across the country. The good rains received so far have continued to replenish water and pasture resources. An improvement in livestock body conditions and milk production has been reported as well. On the downside, parts of the country experienced flash flood and flooding has begun in the Juba and Shabelle rivers. Following heavy rains, river levels increased considerably along the Juba and Shabelle Rivers leading to flooding along the Juba. Flash floods were also experienced in Bay and Bakool Regions. Shabelle River: Heavy rains within the Shabelle basin both in Ethiopia and inside Somalia have led to a drastic increase in river levels along the Shabelle River. Most of the stations in the basin recorded 50 mm to 100 mm of rainfall in the last three days. In Belet Weyne and surrounding areas, river levels recorded a sharp increase in the last 72 hours, which has seen a rise of 3.50 m to 6.00 m as of today. This is only 0.50 m below the moderate flood risk level. The river level at Bulo Burti is 3.50 m, which is 1.5 m increase in the last 72 hours, and is 2.5 m below the moderate flood risk level; however, this is likely to increase rapidly in the next few days. In Jowhar, there has been a 1.00 m increase in river level in the last 24 hours following heavy rains in the area last night. A similar trend has been observed in Balcad and the lower reaches of the river. The river levels are expected to continue rising along the entire channel of Shabelle as more waters from the Ethiopian highlands are still streaming in. High risk of flooding is therefore foreseen along the Shabelle during this week and through early May. Existence of river breakages (50 points identified and reported by SWALIM in February 2020) is likely to exacerbate the flooding situation unless urgent measures are taken. Juba River: River levels increased sharply last week following heavy rains in the Ethiopian highlands and within Somalia. Flash floods were observed in Dollow town leading to destruction of some business premises and houses. Further, riverine flooding has been reported north of Dollow town where the Dawa and Juba rivers converge, leading to inundation of unconfirmed acreage of cropland. Floods were also observed around Luuq town leading to inundation of cropped area. In Gedo region around Bardheere, river levels remain very high and have surpassed the high-risk flood level this morning. Flooding in the area started since 23 April 2020 and continues to date. Middle Juba and Lower Juba regions are experiencing high river levels with flooding being reported in these reaches. River levels are expected to fluctuate in the coming week with a high risk of flooding along the entire Juba river channel. In Bay and Bakool regions: Heavy rains resulted led to flash floods which have affected some IDP settlements within Baidoa town. Bur Hakaba, Baardale, Huddur and Qansadheere districts were the most affected. Moderate risk of flooding remain in this area. Puntland, Somaliland and Central regions: Since the beginning of the rainy season, moderate to heavy rains have been reported in many parts of the northern regions. In Somaliland, more than 10 stations in Woqooyi Galbeed and Togdheer regions recorded heavy rains of more than 50 mm to 100 mm cumulatively. Moderate rains have also been observed in Puntland; however, a few places in Bari and Nuugal regions have only recorded light rains during the month.
The last one week saw a significant reduction of rainfall activities in Somalia with light rains being observed in scattered areas across the country as the Gu season continues to spread. The rainfall forecast for the next three days is calling for moderate rains of up to 50mm cumulatively in most parts of Somaliland, Southern regions and the Ethiopian highlands with the intensity expected to increase as the week progresses. The weekly cumulative forecast indicates more than 100mm of rainfall within the Juba and Shabelle river basins both inside Somali and within the Ethiopian Highlands. The same amount of rainfall is foreseen in parts of Awdal, Toghdheer and Woqqoyi Galbeed in Somaliland. On the other hand, light or no rains are foreseen in the central regions of the country. The foreseen heavy rains will lead to an increase in river flow along the Juba and Shabelle Rivers in Somalia with no risk of flooding along the rivers. Flash floods may occur in built up and low lying areas of Somaliland, Bay and Bakool regions where more rains are expected during the forecast period.
The Gu rainy season continued to spread in time and space within Somalia leaving trails of devastating flood impacts in some locations. Heavy storms in Qardo, Bari region and Burao in Togdheer region on the night of 27 April 2020 led to severe flash floods leading to massive destruction of properties and loss of lives. In the southern regions, heavy rains within the Juba and Shabelle basins led to river flooding along the Juba River while the levels increased dramatically along the Shabelle. The rainfall forecast for the coming week is calling for increased rainfall in most areas inside Somalia and in the Ethiopian highlands. Today, 29 April 2020, heavy storms are expected in southern parts of Wooqoyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Nugaal, Bari and Mudug regions in the northern regions. Parts of Bay and Bakool regions in the south are also expected to record good rains within the next 24 hours. Another bout of flash floods is high likely in the northern regions, especially Bari and Nugal regions, within the 24 to 48 hours period. Further, low lying areas of Bay and Bakool will experience the same given the forecast. The levels in Bardheere surpassed the high flood risk level, leading to severe river flooding in the area in the last two days. The flooding is expected to continue during this week. Floods are also reported in the middle and lower reaches of the Juba river. The River levels along the Shabelle River which increased sharply in the last few days are expected to remain so with high likelihood of flooding starting from 30 April 2020.
The last two days saw an increase in rainfall activities across Somalia. Most stations within the Juba and Shabelle basins in the south, recording 50 mm to 70 mm cumulatively. Moderate rains were also recorded in Somaliland while Puntland regions saw light rains in the last two days. The rainfall forecast for the coming week is calling for increased rainfall activities in Somaliland, Southern parts of Somalia and in the Ethiopian highlands. Heavy rains of up to 100 mm are expected in these regions. Bari, Sool, Nugal and Mudug regions are expected to remain dry during the forecast period. The foreseen heavy rains will lead to an increase in river flow along the Juba and Shabelle Rivers in Somalia with no risk of flooding along the rivers. Flash floods may occur in built up and low lying areas of Somaliland, Middle Juba, Bay and Bakool regions where more rains are expected during the forecast period.
Saadaasha Roob-di'idda Soomaaliya – 17/4/2020
Toddobaakii la soo dhaafay waxaa la arkayey kororka roob-di'idda guud ahaan Soomaaliya. Meelo badan oo ku yaal dooxooyinka Juba iyo Shabeelle ee Koonfurta, waa la diiwaaniyey 50 mm ilaa 70 mm wadar ahaan. Roobab dhexdhexaad ayaa sidoo kale laga diiwaaniyey gudaha Soomaliland halka ay Puntland ka ahaayeen roobab fudfudud labadii maalin ee u dambeeyey. Saadaasha roob-di'idda toddobaadka soocda waxay sheegaysaa roobabka oo kordhaya gudaha Soomaaliland, qaybaha koonfureed ee Soomaaliya iyo gudaha buuraleyda Itoobiya. Roobab culculus oo gaara ilaa 100 mm ayaa laga filayaa gudaha gobolladaan. Gobollada Bari, Nugaal iyo Mudug waxaa la filayaa inay ahaadaan kuwo engegan inta lagu jiro muddada saadaashan. Roobabka culculus ee la saadaalinayo waxay horseedi doontaa koror ku yimaadaheerka qulqulka webiyada Juba iyo Shabeelle gudaha Soomaaliya oo lahayn halis fataadeed jiidda webiyada. Daadad ka soo rogmada meelaha sarsare oo saameeya meelaha hooseeya ee gobollada Soomaaliland, Jubada Dhexe, Bay iyo Bakool oo ayaa laga filayaa meelaha roobaka culculus ku da'aan inta lagu jiro muddada la saadaalinayo.
The last few days saw a reduction of rainfall activities across Somalia with most stations recording light or no rains. The Ethiopian highlands did not record any significant rains as well. The rainfall forecast for the coming seven days is calling for a further reduction of rains in most areas except the southern most tip of the country in Lower Juba that will continue receive light rains. No rains are foreseen within the Ethiopian highlands in the coming seven days. With no rains seen in the last few days, the river levels have dropped slightly and remain below normal at this time of the year. The trend is expected to continue until more rains are received in Mid April.
As the Gu rainy season continues, moderate to heavy rains were observed in many areas across the country especially in Somaliland and southern areas in the last one week. Some of the stations that recorded significant rains include; Mogadishu (76mm), Luuq (172mm), Bardheere 68(mm), Buaale (130mm), Balcad (75mm) and Bur Hakaba 71mm. Light rains were observed in Puntland and the central areas. Heavy rains in the Juba catchments have led to a significant increase in river levels. At Luuq and Bardheere stations located in Gedo region, the river levels increased drastically (+1.00m) in the last 24 hours. The rainfall forecast for the coming week is calling for increased rainfall activities in most areas inside Somalia and in the Ethiopian highlands. Heavy rains of more than 100 mm cumulatively are expected in within the Juba and Shabelle regions and in Somaliland. Cumulative rains of 40mm to 60mm are expected in Puntland and central regions. The foreseen heavy rains will lead to an increase in river flow along the Juba and Shabelle Rivers in Somalia. Given the rainfall forecast and the existing high river levels along the Juba, there is a moderate risk of flooding along the Middle sections of the Juba River. Flash floods may occur in built up and low lying areas of Somaliland, Middle Juba, Bay and Bakool regions where more rains are expected during the forecast period.


Hundreds of people have assembled in the southern Gaza Strip, hoping to pass through the Rafah crossing into Egypt during a rare two-day opening of the border to Palestinians in the besieged coastal enclave.
With the crossing open for the first time since early December, only 765 Palestinians were approved to pass into Egypt on Saturday, according to Palestinian authorities.
More than 25,000 people have registered to cross Rafah due to urgent needs, including some 3,500 who need to travel for medical purposes, according to a Ma'an News Agency report.
Gaza has endured a tight blockade, enforced by both Israel and Egypt, since the Hamas political organisation took control of the region in 2007.
Egyptian authorities only open the border for brief periods every few months, according to Gisha Legal Centre for Freedom of Movement, an Israeli rights group.
On Saturday, hundreds of Palestinians waited in the nearby Abu Yousef an-Najjar Sports Centre, as buses came to transport people to the crossing.
Ali Hamed, 23, waited for hours at the crossing before being allowed to pass.
There was chaos in the sports centre as people waited in long queues for their turn to be transported to the border. As the day stretched on, some grew tired, sleeping on the floor of the basketball court, while children cried.
Since late 2008, Israel has carried out three major military offensives against Palestinians in Gaza, leaving the region in ruins.
In July and August 2014, Israeli forces attacked Gaza from land, air and sea for 51 days, while Palestinian armed groups carried out cross-border raids and fired rockets into southern Israel.
Of more than 2,200 Palestinians who were killed during that war, an estimated two-thirds were civilians, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). More than 100,000 housing units were damaged or destroyed.
Seventy-one Israelis, including 66 soldiers and six civilians, were killed during the fighting.
Since Israel's 2014 offensive concluded, an estimated 1.9 million Palestinians in Gaza have struggled with a devastated economy.
Unemployment hovers around 41 percent, while more than 70 percent of the population is dependent on humanitarian aid, according to Gisha.
Egypt has severely restricted entry through Rafah since June 2013, when Abdel Fattah el-Sisi became president following the ouster of his predecessor, Mohamed Morsi.
"From January [to] September 2015, Rafah crossing was open on 27 days only, with transit out of Gaza to Egypt barred on four of these," Gisha notes.
Although Gaza's Ministry of Health recorded more than 10,600 injuries during that war, travel restrictions have prevented most from leaving the country to seek treatment or entering Israel through the Erez crossing in the strip's north.
Ramy Abdu, director of the Gaza chapter of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, said that more than 80 percent of Palestinians are formally banned or de facto barred from travelling through the Israeli-controlled Erez crossing.
"Those who do pass often face humiliation or blackmail," he told Al Jazeera, referring to Israel's efforts to recruit informants in exchange for crossing Erez.
"So for most Palestinians in Gaza, the only path to the outside world is Rafah," Abdu said.
Back at the Abu Yousef an-Najjar Sports Centre near Rafah, Abu Saoud, who did not provide his last name, said he had been considering leaving the country since 2011, when he returned to Gaza after spending 26 years in Israeli prison.


Frontal Lisp, Lateral Lisp is a dynamic discussion of the lisps. This book is the first to combine methods from traditional articulation and oral-motor therapy for both diagnostic and treatment procedures. It is practical, comprehensive, and insightful. This material is based on Pam Mashalla's thirty years of direct therapy experience with frontal and lateral lisps within a wide variety of clients. Speech-language professionals and students alike will find this book to have a fresh perspective and a wealth of information. 228 pages. Softcover.
Treat even the most difficult lisps.
Gain a full perspective of normal sibilant production.
Shorten therapy time with effective techniques.
Combine articulation and oral-motor therapy.
Motivate clients and commit them to therapy.
Create an environment for effective carryover.
Develop effective entrance and exit criteria.


Happy New Year! January is that curious month when, perhaps, we haven't quite shaken off the old year nor become fully attuned to the new.
In fact, we look both ways – appropriately, as the month is probably named after the Roman deity Janus, god of beginnings and endings, of time and transitions, of gates, doorways and passages (though some scholars link the month not to Janus but to the goddess Juno).
If we stick with the more usual link to Janus, his penchant for looking both back and forward was usually depicted with him as having two faces, gazing in opposite directions. Being two-faced is, of course, a term for deception – and people who are two-faced are not to be trusted.
There's an interesting reminder of two-faced insolence in the grounds of Ribston Hall not far from Knaresborough.
Over a Gothic gateway is a carving of a head, known as 'The Two-Faced Butler'.
One of its two faces bears a look of respect; on the other side, it has its tongue sticking out in a most insolent manner. It is said that it was put up sometime in the 19th century after the butler of the day was found, having listened politely to instructions from his mistress, putting his tongue out at her when she turned her back. Perhaps the head was a warning to others not to do the same.
But what of buildings that are two-faced – two-faced not in the sense that they are there to deceive but because they have, literally, two faces, two separate aspects that present themselves to viewers?
Many country houses have two facades – usually designated as the entrance front and the garden front – that often allowed architects to express themselves in different ways.
At Castle Howard, for example, the entrance front, with its wide-spreading wings, is impressive but somewhat severe, with its tall attached Tuscan columns (and subsidiary Ionic columns), and the deeply incised lines of its masonry – the rustication. This is how the architect, Vanbrugh, expressed the grandeur of his client, the Earl of Carlisle.
Round on the garden front, however, Castle Howard displays a different face – the columns are the more festive Corinthian pattern, the rustication is reserved for the basement storey, and there is plenty of carving and ornamentation to please the eye of the honoured guests who were invited to stroll in the Earl's gardens.
Sometimes, such differentiation between the two sides of a house can be taken to extremes.
At Wentworth Woodhouse, near Rotherham, there are two complete country houses back to back with each other; one is a Baroque house, 130 feet wide, built of brick with stone trimmings – not quite as elaborate as Castle Howard's garden front, but with something of the same feel about it.
The other front is quite different – though construction began even before the Baroque side was finished.
This east front of Wentworth Woodhouse in a much simpler – one might say severe – Palladian style, and it's much longer – 606 feet, in fact. These two facades show not so much a desire for variety but more a sudden change in architectural style, probably spurred on as much by political upheaval – the Whigs ousting the Tories as a dominant force – as by taste in design.
One of the most famous of two-faced country houses is Castle Ward on the shore of Strangford Lough in Northern Ireland. Here, Lord and Lady Bangor seem to have been the Jack Sprat and Mrs Sprat of architectural taste.
He favoured the Palladian style, so when you arrive at the entrance front of Castle Ward you are met with a correct classical façade, with rusticated lower floor and attached Ionic columns – not unlike the design of Ripon Town Hall, though all in stone.
Go round to the garden side, however, and Lady Bangor's taste dominates; using the same basic layout, of seven windows across each of its three storeys, she has presented us with something completely different – a Gothic facade of pointed-arch windows, battlements and pinnacles.
Of course, if your two facades are separated by some distance, it's easy to have different designs for each part – think of those 19th Century railway tunnels that have, say, a castle at one end and, hundreds (or thousands) of yards further on, a classical portico. Something similar occurs in the garden at Biddulph Grange in Staffordshire, where you enter what appears to be a timber-built Cheshire cottage, make your way down a dark, dog-legged passage, and emerge in an Egyptian temple made mostly out of yew hedging.
And now, in Ripon, we have a chance to take up the challenge of having two faces.
Now there are plans to redevelop a large area known as Ireland Court, just to the north of Wren's store, where there is a jumble of buildings. There would be both retail and residential elements.
Ripon Civic Society agrees that this is a good place for such development, and it would offer a much more attractive facade to visitors and locals using the Booth's car park. So far, it is welcome.
But the Society has doubts about the plans as they are presented – not least the loss of old, probably reusable buildings, and the proposed felling of trees. So, while an extra face for the city is welcome, we need a smiling butler, not a visage that jeers at us. It is a subject to which this column will return.


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Home News Authors' fury at website offering free book downloads
Authors' fury at website offering free book downloads
Published July 3, 2018 by Charlotte Eyre
Authors including Philip Pullman, Robin Stevens and Maz Evans have reacted angrily to a new website offering free illegal downloads of their books.
OceanofPDF.com has a US domain name and offers users free PDF or Epub downloads of many bestselling authors' books, including eight Philip Pullman titles, 14 books by Malorie Blackman, 11 by Bali Rai and more than 50 by Michael Morpurgo and Jacqueline Wilson.
On the website the founders say their mission is to make knowledge and information "free and accessible to everyone around the globe".
"There are many developing countries where you cannot easily buy your favourite books. They are literally out of reach of many people. Secondly, Amazon doesn't deliver to many countries and not everyone has the financial means to buy stuff from the internet," it says.
Scores of authors have already complained about the website. Pullman sent a tweet to @OceanofPDF saying: "Please show me the agreement you have with my publishers, or my agent, or me, which allows you to give my books away free."
Fellow author Maz Evans said: "@oceanofPDF - my publisher's lawyers are on the case. Good luck with that", whilst Robin Stevens tweeted: "You're literally stealing my livelihood, and the livelihood of other authors. I will not be able to continue to write books if I'm not paid royalties for them - in giving my books away for free, you are taking money away from me and taking books from my fans. Please stop."
However, the founder has told The Bookseller he wants to keep the website active for as long as possible, despite protests from writers and the Society of Authors. Nicholas Liam of OceanofPDF said he had "not decided" whether to take down the site or keep it live. However, he said: "We'll try to keep it active as long as we can."
He added: "We're just a small team of four guys and do all the stuff ourselves. We only process users requests. Once we get an email from user requesting a book that he/she cannot afford/find in the library or if he has lost it, we try to find it on their behalf and upload on our site so that someone in future might also get it."
Liam claimed that "a few" authors sent their books to to him to upload to gain user reviews and increase their readership.
The site is six months old but came to the attention of authors after writer Michelle Harrison found out about it via a Google alert.
"I found a Google alert in my emails late Friday evening informing me of a free download of Unrest, so I followed the link to check it out. I get lots of alerts about this particular book of mine so that in itself wasn't surprising. However when I followed it I was horrified to be able to download the book for myself in a matter of seconds," she told The Bookseller. "Normally these sites try to make you register or sign up, but this was immediate, there for the taking. I was even more shocked to discover that every single one of my books is listed there. The PDFs are not my publishers' proofs, they've been re-set or retyped which shows the trouble they've gone to to do this.
"I searched some other author names and saw the scale of it, then saw the contact option for the site (for requests for more downloads) and then I saw red. So I emailed them, which is the message you'll have seen on twitter. No response of course, only the flippant tweeted replies."
YA author C J Skuse, who found all six of her books freely available on the site, told The Bookseller: "I didn't imagine any of mine would be on there as I thought it was only the big hitters being targeted but as it turns out it looks like every single PDF they can get their hands on is on there.
"I am absolutely furious but not just for myself. This job does not pay well for the vast majority of us and the fact that there are people out there who would steal something people have worked for years to craft, rather than pay less than the price of a latte for it is, in my opinion, truly abhorrent. It's hurting our industry beyond all measure."
Her publishers have already issued take down notices for all their titles, she added.
Martin Reed from the Society of Authors (SoA) said there was "no justification" for OceanofPDF's behaviour.
The society is encouraging authors to complain directly to Twitter and GoDaddy, which hosts the OceanofPDF website, and to report the website to their publishers. After complaints from the SoA, Twitter has now suspended the OceanofPDF account, said Reed.
Stephen Lotinga, c.e.o. of the Publishers Association, urged the government to do more to support copyright holders in enforcing their rights.
"The Publishers Association has been actively supporting publishers to issue take down notices through our Copyright Infringement Portal to remove infringing books. We are also employing other approaches to tackling infringement such as supporting educational initiatives, site blocking and working with the police to cut off the revenue to such sites," he said.
"We continue to call on the government to do more to support copyright holders in enforcing their rights and will be highlighting this issue once again to MPs today as part of British IP Day, which is focused on reminding politicians of the importance of copyright to our businesses."
OceanforPDF
Society of Authors
Maz Evans
Stevens and Torday reimagine Lewis Carroll's Wonderland
Author Maz Evans sets up 'book buddy' scheme for schools
Pullman leads authors' anguish over Trump election
Philip Pullman condemns publishers who 'steamroller' authors
Children's author sparks debate on school visit etiquette
Jon Sopel in conversation with Jonathan Freedland