text:
Cesin barometer: CISOs continue to strengthen cybersecurity
Cesin has published its annual barometer on corporate cybersecurity. Still in a pandemic period, the year 2021 is marked by a strengthening of security tools to counter threats that are still just as active. It should be noted that the question of cyber-insurance is a subject of tension for club members.
Like every year, the Cesin (club of experts in information and digital security) publishes its annual barometer produced with Opinion Way on the cybersecurity of French companies. It was carried out with 282 members of the association (more than half of whom represent companies with more than 5,000 employees). The results show a certain continuity between 2020 and 2021, in a context still dominated by the health crisis and the constraints of teleworking.
On the state of threats in 2021, the survey shows that 54% of companies say they have suffered at least one attack. This is down slightly from the previous year. Which makes the club say that "the implementation of devices is bearing fruit". With the crisis, the CISOs have raised the security cursors and acquired additional tools. The figures are quite eloquent: deployment of an EDR (+16 points compared to 2020), hardening of the Active Directory (+9 points). We also note that in the face of ransomware, more and more companies are adopting crisis management exercises (40%) and strengthening the security of backups (+10% compared to 2020). With the development of teleworking which continued in 2021, respondents accelerated the implementation of VPNs (91%), the use of multi-factor authentication (90%), as well as encryption solutions ( +7% compared to 2020). In total, companies have on average more than 10 cybersecurity solutions.
Rising budgets and tension on cyber insurance
This tooling and awareness-raising efforts have a cost, but CISOs benefit from an increase in budgets dedicated to security. The barometer notes an increase of 10 points on the share of the security budget between 5 and 10% (36% in 2021 against 26% in 2020) and 5 points for a share beyond 10% (8% in 2021 against 3% in 2020). Optimism is also essential for the year 2022 with 70% of respondents (+13 points compared to 2020). In the profile of security solution providers, companies no longer hesitate to use start-ups for 62% of them (compared to 55% in 2020). In addition, there is a strong expectation for the development of trusted clouds (57%). Zero trust (30%) and SASE (13%) approaches continue to make slow progress in security policy design.
Last salient element of this survey, cyber-insurance. In 2020, this subject was already a source of tension among Cesin members. This year two points annoy CISOs: the use of rating agencies and questionnaires. On the first point, 54% believe that using this type of service is a bad thing. For a large majority of respondents, the established results are not completely reliable and the resulting scores are skewed (79%). The other point lies in the cyber-insurers' questionnaires, which are increasingly long and intrusive. Some Cesin members plan to send a questionnaire to their cyber-insurer in turn. In any case, many companies are reluctant to renew their contract, faced with the exponential rise in prices, the reduction in coverage and the unattainable demands of insurers.
Inbarometer, cesin, cisos, continue, cybersecurity, strengthen
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text:
The Importance Of Getting Things Wrong
Flat Earth Theory
LA Johnson / LA Johnson
Think about our planet for a second. Earth has an elliptical — oval-shaped — orbit. That means we're closer to the sun for one part of the year and farther away another part of the year.
Does that fact explain why it's hotter in the summer and colder in the winter?
Lots of kids think it does. Lots of adults think so, too. And they're wrong.*
Philip Sadler is both a professor of astronomy and the director of the science education department at Harvard University, and he is obsessed with wrong answers like these.
"Students are not empty vessels," he says. "Students are full of all kinds of knowledge, and they have explanations for everything." From birth, human beings are working hard to figure out the world around us.
But we go about it more like the early Greek philosophers than modern scientists: reasoning from our limited experience. And like those early philosophers — Ptolemy comes to mind — we're often dead wrong.
Sadler says that cognitive science tells us that if you don't understand the flaws in students' reasoning, you're not going to be able to dislodge their misconceptions and replace them with the correct concepts.
"It's very expensive in terms of mental effort to change the ideas that you come up with yourself," Sadler says. "It's a big investment to say, 'I'm going to abandon this thing that I came up with that makes sense to me and believe what the book or the teacher says instead.' "
In one study, which he recently wrote about in American Educator magazine, Sadler gave 20 multiple-choice science questions to a group of middle school students. For each test item, one of the "distractors" was a very common misconception. In fact, often the misconception was far more popular than the right answer.
2. Eric is watching a burning candle very carefully. After all of the candle has burned, he wonders what happened to the wax. He has a number of ideas; which one do you agree with most?
a. The candle wax has turned into invisible gases.
d. All of the wax has melted and dripped to the bottom of the candle holder.
The wrong answer, d., was chosen by 59 percent of the students; only 17 percent chose the right answer, a.
The study gave the same test to these students' teachers. They asked them which of the wrong answers was most commonly chosen. They found that teacher knowledge of common student misconceptions was weak: They knew 85 percent of the right answers, but only 41 percent of the "right" wrong answers.
But, among teachers with stronger knowledge of student weaknesses, their students learned significantly more science, based on a retest at the end of the year.
Having discovered the importance of wrongness, how can teachers act on that knowledge?
The first step, Sadler says, is to teach Socratically (there's the Greeks again), by asking questions and having students think out loud. This works much better than lecturing.
"Teachers who find their kids' ideas fascinating are just better teachers than teachers who find the subject matter fascinating," he says.
The next step is to give students exposure to the information and experience that will enable them to reason their way to the right answer.
For example, Sadler and colleagues created a high school astronomy course. In one of the lessons, students looked at pictures of the sun taken through the same telescope at each month of the year. Most predicted that the sun would appear larger in the hot months. However, once they got out the rulers, they would discover that the sun is biggest (i.e., closest) in January. (The closest point in our orbit, the "perihelion," was Jan. 2 this year.)
"That throws a monkey wrench into the logic of the elliptical orbit," says Sadler.
*The true cause of the seasons is our planet's 23.5 degree tilt off its axis.
A version of this story appeared on NPR Ed in April 2014.
Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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to prevent submiting place, which really is a common ailment for deep truss components. Regarding long course truss work, bearing lengths of at least 3″ are very common. Trusses course greater distances than framed floor assemblies and can be made to span the complete building, eliminating middle load bearing works with. They are moderately more costly than framed floor assemblies, but give a remarkably strong floor with little deflection or "bounce" to it.
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disadvantage is that this type of floor requires special hanger systems designed for the joists, to allow those to be hung from the other person or against beams/bearing walls. Manufactured joists are becoming a popular floors system, for they are relatively cheap, reduce labour time and provide enough support. However, builders need to familiarize themselves using its installations, for poor unit installation can cause severe structural damage to the joists. An example is a three point, centre bearing joist, left with the very best chord uncut, which could fail or draw apart, over the center bearing point.
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Good Quality » You will find three main types of sub-flooring installed to repay and span the floor structure. It really is over this that the finished floor will be inserted. The sub-flooring types include raw sheathing, interlocking and strip. It is employed not and then provide a surface for the interior surface finishes to be put on, but also to avoid twisting or torque causes located on the building. The sub-floor also allows insert writing within the joist framing system. Often the sub-flooring is glued to the joist work to remove creaking floors also to avoid the floor joists from turning.
that no two advantage joints fall into line with adjoining linens. It is very easy to install, requiring the least amount of labour. The bed linens are fastened with either 1-1/2″ floors screws, or 2-1/2″ nails, spaced about 8″ apart. Although not required, it may be beneficial to provide backers or holds under the joint parts, between mattress sheets which run perpendicular to the framed floor assemblage.


text:
var ApiGen = ApiGen || {};
ApiGen.elements = [["c","hQuery"],["c","hQuery_Element"],["c","hQuery_HTML_Parser"],["c","hQuery_Node"]];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
'Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy' Confirmed For Xbox One, PC, Switch
By Bob Fekete On 3/9/18 at 11:12 AM EST
Gaming Playerone Ps4 Steam
Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy will make the jump from a PS4 exclusive to Xbox One, PC and Nintendo Switch this summer.
The Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy includes the first three Crash Bandicoot games: Crash Bandicoot, Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back, and Crash Bandicoot 3: Warped. The release of the trilogy for Switch marks the first time these games will be playable on a Nintendo console, and will be the first time the franchise has graced the Xbox console in 10 years.
The N. Sane Trilogy features more than 100 levels of fully remastered artwork, improved lighting, bonus animations and even new dialogue from the original voice actors including Jess Harnell, Lex Lang and Debi Derryberry. Coco, Crash's sister, is added as a playable character complete with her own set of special attacks. There are also improved bonus levels and a new checkpoint system. PC players will be able to use a mouse and keyboard, a game controller or a Steam controller to play.
An Xbox One port of N. Sane Trilogy has the subject of rumors for months, and plans for a Switch version leaked earlier this year. A new Crash Bandicoot game for 2019 is looking more likely too, as the source behind the Switch release info also claimed a new game was in development. If true, expect to see some kind of announcement at this year's E3 in June.
Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy is available for pre-order on PC via Steam, Xbox One and Switch, and is already available for PS4 owners. The game will release on July 10.
So what do you think? Are you excited to play through the N. Sane Trilogy on PC, Xbox One or Switch? Are you excited about the new Crash game rumored for next year? Let us know your thoughts in the comments section below.


Surface Winding Slitting Machine Video(FSL-BT) - HCI Converting Equipment Co., Ltd.
For slitting thin and slip plastic films of uniform thickness.
For surface winding laminating paper, aluminum foil, stretch film, isolated paper, labels, and other paper rolls.
For slitting electronics, computer and optical materials, film roll and foil roll.


text:
Черво́на Поля́на —  село в Україні, у Нововодолазькому районі Харківської області. Населення становить 137 осіб. Орган місцевого самоврядування — Караванська сільська рада.

Географія
Село Червона Поляна знаходиться на лівому березі річки Вільхуватка, вище за течією примикає село Завадівка, нижче за течією примикає село Червоносів, на протилежному березі - село Низівка. По селу протікає пересихає струмок. Через село проходить залізниця, станція Караван.

Посилання
 Погода в селі Червона Поляна

Села Харківської області
Населені пункти Красноградського району

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Help the Aged ("Helft den Alten") ist eine 1961 gegründete Wohlfahrtsorganisation im Vereinigten Königreich, die sich die Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen von Senioren zum Ziel gesetzt hat. 2009 schloss sie sich mit Age Concern zu Age UK zusammen.

Ziele und Mittel
Im Jahr 2005 nahm die Organisation rund 73,9 Millionen Pfund Sterling ein, davon 33 Mio. aus Spenden und Nachlässen. £ 29,4 Mio. stammen aus Verkaufserlösen der rund 370 Ladengeschäfte, die Help the Aged in Großbritannien und Nordirland betreibt und in denen an die Organisation getätigte Sachspenden, also vor allem gebrauchte Textilien und Gebrauchsgegenstände, vertrieben werden.

Das Geld wird vor allem in der praktischen Seniorenfürsorge verwendet, doch ist die Organisation auch in Entwicklungsländern präsent. So unterstützt sie im Patenschaftsprogramm Sponsor a Grandparent (vormals Adopt a Granny) mehr als 26.000 Senioren vor allem in Südasien, Afrika und Mittelamerika. Weiterhin bietet Help the Aged über Tochterunternehmen auch verschiedene Finanz- und Versicherungsdienstleistungen für Senioren an.

Zugleich versteht sich die Vereinigung als politische Interessenvertretung der britischen Senioren und wirkt durch aktive Lobbyarbeit in den politischen Organen Großbritanniens gegen Altersdiskriminierung in der Gesetzgebung.

Weblinks
offizielle Website

Wohlfahrtsorganisation
Historische Organisation (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Altersdiskriminierung
Gegründet 1961
Aufgelöst 2009
Seniorenvereinigung
Hilfsorganisation (Vereinigtes Königreich)


The abuses reported nationally against people with learning disabilities, older adults, mental health difficulties and service users in general hospitals have highlighted that there is a vacuum of values in some health and social care settings.
We cannot allow these examples of abuse to continue. The culture of services and the attitudes, values and behaviours of some staff need to change.
Human Rights and the PANEL principles are a way we can reduce the chances of these abuses occurring within Mersey Care and can be the framework which can help facilitate our goal of aspiring to deliver perfect care.
P Enabling meaningful Participation of all key people and stakeholders.
A Ensuring clear Accountability, identifying who has legal duties and practical responsibility for human rights approaches.
N Non-discrimination: discrimination avoided, attention paid to groups made vulnerable.
E Empowermentof staff and service users with knowledge, skills and commitment to realising human rights.
L Expressly apply human rights Laws, particularly the Human Rights Act.
Over the last ten years Mersey Care has worked in partnership with the British Institute of Human Rights to embed human rights based approaches and subsequently the PANEL principles in a range of initiatives and services. These principles are integral to our perfect care agenda.
Human rights are the legal backbone and the bedrock to our Trust's strategic vision over the next five years of delivering perfect care. This is also informing our transformation agenda so that we will develop services which embrace and work to the PANEL principles to achieve perfect care.
Ipsos Mori stated that: "Mersey Care continues to be a leader in implementing a human rights based approach within healthcare and the evaluations that it has carried out in this phase of the pilot begin to build a picture of the ways in which the success of a human rights based approach can be measured".
We are beginning to see the impact of human rights based approaches in healthcare at both a national and a local level. Mersey Care is developing a firm evidence base through our research and innovation and we are attracting funding to develop our resources and expertise further. We have recently developed a range of resources, funded by the Equality and Human Rights Commission and the British Institute for Human Rights.
So whether your focus is the micro-level of adapting routine clinical tools or macro-level changes in team processes, accessing mainstream services, making processes more accessible to people or affecting management practices, and service user representation, a human rights based approach can illuminate current practice and lead to effective change, in partnership with the people we serve. It embeds good practice and values.
Using this approach, the person is central and their rights are paramount. All aspects of professionals and service delivery in healthcare should start with this as a fundamental principle of why and how you work with people who use our services.
This should be the starting point of all service user journeys and should not be the end point as recommendations following an enquiry.
EHRC Human Rights EBL Module - What is EBL?


text:
package org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.dev;

import org.joda.time.DateMidnight;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.account.service.AccountInteractionService;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.period.WeekDay;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.person.MailNotification;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.person.Person;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.person.PersonService;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.person.Role;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.util.CryptoUtil;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.util.DateUtil;
import org.synyx.urlaubsverwaltung.core.workingtime.WorkingTimeService;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

/**
 * Provides person test data.
 *
 * @author Aljona Murygina - murygina@synyx.de
 */
@Component
@ConditionalOnProperty("testdata.create")
class PersonDataProvider {

    private final PersonService personService;
    private final WorkingTimeService workingTimeService;
    private final AccountInteractionService accountInteractionService;

    @Autowired
    PersonDataProvider(PersonService personService, WorkingTimeService workingTimeService,
                       AccountInteractionService accountInteractionService) {

        this.personService = personService;
        this.workingTimeService = workingTimeService;
        this.accountInteractionService = accountInteractionService;
    }

    Person createTestPerson(String login, String password, String firstName, String lastName, String email,
                            Role... roles) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {

        List<Role> permissions = Arrays.asList(roles);
        List<MailNotification> notifications = getNotificationsForRoles(permissions);

        Person person = personService.create(login, lastName, firstName, email, notifications, permissions);

        // workaround for non generated password
        person.setPassword(CryptoUtil.encodePassword(password));
        personService.save(person);

        int currentYear = DateMidnight.now().getYear();
        workingTimeService.touch(
                Arrays.asList(WeekDay.MONDAY.getDayOfWeek(), WeekDay.TUESDAY.getDayOfWeek(),
                        WeekDay.WEDNESDAY.getDayOfWeek(), WeekDay.THURSDAY.getDayOfWeek(), WeekDay.FRIDAY.getDayOfWeek()),
                Optional.empty(), new DateMidnight(currentYear - 1, 1, 1), person);

        accountInteractionService.createHolidaysAccount(person, DateUtil.getFirstDayOfYear(currentYear),
                DateUtil.getLastDayOfYear(currentYear), new BigDecimal("30"), new BigDecimal("30"), new BigDecimal("5"),
                BigDecimal.ZERO, null);

        return person;
    }

    List<MailNotification> getNotificationsForRoles(List<Role> roles) {

        List<MailNotification> notifications = new ArrayList<>();

        notifications.add(MailNotification.NOTIFICATION_USER);

        if (roles.contains(Role.DEPARTMENT_HEAD)) {
            notifications.add(MailNotification.NOTIFICATION_DEPARTMENT_HEAD);
        }

        if (roles.contains(Role.SECOND_STAGE_AUTHORITY)) {
            notifications.add(MailNotification.NOTIFICATION_SECOND_STAGE_AUTHORITY);
        }

        if (roles.contains(Role.BOSS)) {
            notifications.add(MailNotification.NOTIFICATION_BOSS);
        }

        if (roles.contains(Role.OFFICE)) {
            notifications.add(MailNotification.NOTIFICATION_OFFICE);
        }

        return notifications;
    }
}


Thanks to the Fete Chinoise committee for having us at the photo wall at the annual event at AGO.
Dazzling lights and sparkles decorated every space in The Carlu, as evening gowns, party crowns, food, seafood and dessert stations, casino games, and performances filled the fifth annual Glitter charity gala. On Saturday, April 14th, over 400 Chinese-Canadians attended this whimsical event in support of SickKids Hospital.
100 percent of the funds raised went into the redevelopment of operating suites at SickKids (Hospital for Sick Children).
What can we say… the event reflected real effort. Honorable cause.
The 2nd annual The Organ Project gala took place on March 28th, 2018 at the Fairmont Royal York. It was another successful sold out gala for the organization with a star-studded musical lineup.
When Toronto's young professional set thinks of motionball, the annual glitzy fundraiser likely comes to mind.
Dragon Ball, celebrating Year of the Dog, on February 10th, 2018. This signature fundraising event is the largest Chinese New Year Celebration in North America.
As usual it was a fabulous time at Shangri La Hotel for Fete Chinoise on Saturday, November 18, 2017.


There are many factors might induce vitiligo such as lack of tyrosinase, immune system disorder, so vitiligo patients need emphasize food therapy, increase the intake of copper, zinc, iron and other metal elements to increase the activity of tyrosinase and speed up the synthesis of melanin pigment. So what foods vitiligo patients should avoid?
Vitiligo patients should avoid wines and seafood, there are many cases in the clinical showed the patients have vitiligo or worsen their vitiligo after over drinking or over eating seafood. The onset of vitiligo often happened after over eating seafood about one week. Some outpatients can clearly pointed out the causal relationship between the onset of vitiligo and over drinking or eating seafood, some patients complained there vitiligo will expand every time after they eat seafood and drink wines, part of vitiligo patients reflect that there vitiligo only feel itching after drinking wines. Some patients engaged in food service industry, work as a driver can not give up wines, the expand of their vitiligo are often hard to control. The mechanism and pathogenesis of over drinking can induce vitiligo can related with that the wine can influence the nerve endocrine, damage the liver, influence the absorption and synthesis of protein and zinc. As for over eating seafood might cause allergic reaction induce the immune system disorder. But there are few cases in clinical discover that eating mutton cause vitiligo.
2. Over intake vitamin C.
Vitiligo patients should avoid eating too much foods rich in vitamin C, because vitamin C is reducing agent, it participate in tyrosine metabolism, it can inhibit dopa, make the formatted melanin pigment in the skin reduced into colorless substances and make the melanin pigment changed into water soluble gelatinoid, in that way decrease the formation of melanin pigment. Vitamin C wildly exist in many fruits, vegetables and some leaves of the plants. The fruits rich in vitamin C includes melons, grapefruits, pawpaws, strawberries, citrus, watermelons, wild jujubes and so on. The fruit juices rich in vitamin C includes grapefruit juice, orange juice. Some fruit juices strengthen the vitamin C such as apple juice, sour fruit juice and grapefruit juice. The vegetables rich in vitamin C such as asparagus, cabbages, cauliflowers, leaf mustard, green chilies and red chilies, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, tomato juice and so on. Generally speaking, the fruits and vegetables with sour flavor contains much vitamin C.
What we emphasize for vitiligo patients is to control the intake of foods contains too much vitamin C such as citrus, apples, tomatoes and so on, but in the collection of outpatient history, we rarely found there are case intake food vitamin C, there are more cases onset of vitiligo because of long term intake fruit flavor vitamin C or long term large dose orally take of inject vitamin C. There are a few hospitals or doctors prescribed medicines contains vitamin C for vitiligo patients and cause the localized vitiligo expanded into sporadic vitiligo.
There are many plant foods such as coffee, vegetables, fruits contains large amount of phenol, the phenol have cytotoxic effect to the melanin pigment.
4. Decrease the intake of the foods contains glutathione.
The symptoms of vitiligo is very obvious, the scientists in recent years discovered the long term lack of glutathione in the food can make the activity of tyrosinase in the skin increased, so except for the treatment of vitiligo symptoms, vitiligo patients also need to eat less or avoid eating foods rich in glutathione such as onion, garlic, tomato, fish, shrimp, mutton, chili and so on.
Eat less stimulating, pungent, spicy foods such as wines, chilies, garlic, mutton, fishes, shrimps and marine products, there are some fruits rich in vitamin C such as citrus, oranges, grapefruits, kiwifruits, tomatoes, hawthorns, waxberries and so on, they can eat more foods like peanuts, black sesame, black soya beans, walnuts, bean products, animal livers and so on, moreover, vitiligo patients should go to the specialized vitiligo hospital to treat their vitiligo to avoid delay their vitiligo.
Because vitiligo patients lack of some trace elements in their blood and vitiligo sites, it decreased their tyrosinase activity and influence the metabolism of melanin synthesis and finally cause the disease. So vitiligo should eat more foods rich in cooper, zinc, iron and other metal elements to increase the activity of tyrosinase and speed up the melanin synthesis.
Vitiligo patients should eat more foods rich in tyrosinase and mineral substances such as beef, rabbit meat, pig's lean meat, animal livers, eggs, milk, fresh vegetables, beans like soy bean, pea, mung bean, bean products, peanuts, black sesame, walnuts, raisin, snail, clam and shellfishes. They need at the same time avoid intake chilies, wines no matter is beer or liquor, avoid eating tomatoes, because tomatoes rich in vitamin C. The vitamin C can stop the synthesis of melanin pigment and stop the melanin regeneration in the lesion areas. Other foods rich in vitamin C like citrus, grapefruits, apricot nuts, hawthorns, cherries, kiwifruits, strawberries, waxberries and so on should avoid or eat less.


Customize our Bar Trivia Night Table Tent Template and more!
Encourage patrons to show up for trivia night with a customized table tent design. Use our online editor to create your custom design in a matter of a few clicks, adding your choice of graphics, images and text. Add in the details of a special promotion, and other elements, and then print your table tents from your own printer for instant use.


text:
GokaiBlue & Ryusoul Blue's Actors to Co-Star in Homeroom Drama Series
It was announced that actor Keito Tsuna (Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger) will join the cast of the upcoming Homeroom drama, which stars actor Yuki Yamada (Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger).
Live-Action An Incurable Case of Love Drama Announced
TBS announced that Maki Enjoji's An Incurable Case of Love manga will get a live-action drama adaptation.
Live-Action Laid-Back Camp Series Announced
TV Tokyo announced that Afro's Laid-Back Camp (Yurucamp Δ) manga series will get a live-action series adaptation.
Live-Action Saint Young Men Season 3 Announced
The official live-action Saint Young Men drama website announced that the series will get a third season.
Kamen Rider Stars Eiji Akaso & Fumika Baba to Star in "Nee sensei, shiranaino?" Drama
It was announced that Eiji Akaso (Kamen Rider Build) and Fumika Baba (Kamen Rider Drive) will co-star in the upcoming live-action drama adaptation of Aya Asano's "Nee sensei, shiranaino?" manga (roughly translates as "Hey teacher, don't you realize it?").
Kamen Rider Ex-Aid's Toshiki Seto Joins Live-Action Giso Furin Drama Cast
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text:
\section{\textbf{PRELIMINARIES}}

The works of generalized Bernoulli, Euler and Genocchi numbers and
polynomials and their combinatorial relations have received much attention
\cite{Araci 6}, \cite{Kim 1}-\cite{Kim 25}, \cite{Liu}, \cite{Frappier},
\cite{Jolany 1}, \cite{Jolany 2}, \cite{Vandiver}. Generalized Bernoulli
polynomials, generalized Euler polynomials and generalized Genocchi numbers
and polynomials are the signs of very strong relationship between elementary
number theory, complex analytic number theory, Homotopy theory (stable
Homotopy groups of spheres), differential topology (differential structures
on spheres), theory of modular forms (Eisenstein series), $p$-adic analytic
numbers theory ($p$-adic $L$-functions), quantum physics(quantum Groups).

$p$-adic numbers also were invented by German Mathematician Kurt Hensel
around the end of the nineteenth century. In spite of their being already
one hundred years old, these numbers are still today enveloped in an aura of
mystery within the scientific community. The $p$-adic integral was used in
mathematical physics, for instance, the functional equation of the $q$-zeta
function, $q$-stirling numbers and $q$-Mahler theory of integration with
respect to the ring
\mathbb{Z}
_{p}$ together with Iwasawa's $p$-adic $L$ functions.

Also the $p$-adic interpolation functions of the Bernoulli and Euler
polynomials have been treated by Tsumura \cite{Tsumura} and Young \cit
{Young}. T. Kim \cite{Kim 1}-\cite{Kim 24} also studied on $p$-adic
interpolation functions of these numbers and polynomials. In \cite{Carlitz},
Carlitz originally constructed $q$-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials. These
numbers and polynomials are studied by many authors (see cf. \cite{kim 2}
\cite{Park}, \cite{Srivastava 1}). In the last decade, a surprising number
of papers appeared proposing new generalizations of the Bernoulli, Euler and
Genocchi polynomials to real and complex variables.

In \cite{Kim 1}-\cite{Ryoo}, Kim studied some families of multiple
Bernoulli, Euler and Genocchi numbers and polynomials. By using the
fermionic $p$-adic invariant integral on
\mathbb{Z}
_{p}$, he constructed $p$-adic Bernoulli, $p$-adic Euler and $p$-adic
Genocchi numbers and polynomials of higher order.

In this paper, by using Kim's method in \cite{Kim 21}, we derive several
properties for the multiple generalized Genocchi numbers attached to $\chi $.

As is well-known, Genocchi numbers are defined in the complex plane by the
following exponential functio
\begin{equation}
C\left( t\right) =\frac{2t}{e^{t}+1}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }G_{n}\frac{t^{n}}{n
}\text{, }\left\vert t\right\vert <\pi \text{.}  \label{equation 1}
\end{equation}

It follows from the description that $G_{0}=0,$ $G_{1}=1,$ $G_{2}=-1,$
G_{3}=0,$ $G_{4}=1,$ $G_{5}=0,\cdots ,$ and $G_{2k+1}=0$ for $k=1,2,3,\cdots
.$

The Genocchi polynomials are also given by the rule
\begin{equation*}
C\left( t,x\right) =e^{tG\left( x\right) }=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }G_{n}\left(
x\right) \frac{t^{n}}{n!}=\frac{2t}{e^{t}+1}e^{xt}\text{,}
\end{equation*
with the usual convention of replacing $G^{n}\left( x\right) :=G_{n}\left(
x\right) $ (see \cite{kim 2}, \cite{kim 3} and \cite{kim6}).

Let $w\in
\mathbb{N}
$. Then the multiple Genocchi polynomials of order $w$ are given by \cit
{Ryoo
\begin{equation}
C^{\left( w\right) }\left( t,x\right) =\left( \frac{2t}{e^{t}+1}\right)
^{w}e^{xt}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( x\right) \frac
t^{n}}{n!}\text{, }\left\vert t\right\vert <\pi \text{.}  \label{equation 2}
\end{equation}

Taking $x=0$ in (\ref{equation 2}), then we have $G_{n}^{\left( w\right)
}\left( 0\right) :=G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }$ are called the multiple
Genocchi numbers of order $w$.

For $f\in
\mathbb{N}
$ with $f\equiv 1\left( \func{mod}2\right) $, we assume that $\chi $ is a
primitive Dirichlet's charachter with conductor $f$. It is known in \cit
{Jang 1} that the Genocchi numbers associated with $\chi $, $G_{n,\chi }$,
was introduced by the following expressio
\begin{equation}
C_{\chi }\left( t\right) =2t\sum_{\xi =1}^{f}\frac{\chi \left( \xi \right)
\left( -1\right) ^{\xi }e^{\xi t}}{e^{ft}+1}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }G_{n,\chi
\frac{t^{n}}{n!},\text{ }\left\vert t\right\vert <\frac{\pi }{f}\text{.}
\label{equation 3}
\end{equation}

In this paper, we contemplate the definition of the generating function of
the multiple generalized Genocchi numbers attached to $\chi $ in the complex
plane. From this definition, we introduce an analytic interpolating function
for the multiple generalized Genocchi numbers attached to $\chi $. Finally,
we investigate behaviour of analytic interpolating function at $s=0$.

\section{\textbf{ON AN ANALYTIC FUNCTION IN CONNECTION WITH THE MULTIPLE
GENERALIZED GENOCCHI NUMBERS}}

In this part, we introduce the multiple generalized Genocci numbers attached
to $\chi $ defined by
\begin{align}
C_{\chi }^{\left( w\right) }\left( t\right) & =\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }G_{n,\chi
}^{\left( w\right) }\frac{t^{n}}{n!}  \label{equation 44} \\
& =\left( 2t\right) ^{w}\sum_{a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}^{f}\frac{\left(
-1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right)
e^{t\left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) }}{\left( e^{ft}+1\right) ^{w}}\text{.}
\notag
\end{align}

On account of (\ref{equation 2}) and (\ref{equation 44}), we easily derive
the followin
\begin{equation}
G_{n,\chi }^{\left( w\right) }=\frac{f^{n}}{f^{w}}\sum_{a_{1},\cdots
,a_{w}=1}^{f}\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}\right) G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( \frac{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{f
\right) \text{.}  \label{equation 5}
\end{equation}

For $s\in
\mathbb{C}
$, we hav
\begin{gather}
\frac{1}{\Gamma \left( s\right) }\int_{0}^{\infty }t^{s-w-1}\left\{ \left(
-1\right) ^{w}C^{\left( w\right) }\left( -t,x\right) \right\} dt
\label{equation 6} \\
=2^{w}\sum_{n_{1},\cdots ,n_{w}\geq 0}\frac{\left( -1\right) ^{n_{1}+\cdots
+n_{w}}}{\left( x+n_{1}+\cdots +n_{w}\right) ^{s}},\text{ }x\neq
0,-1,-2,\cdots .  \notag
\end{gather
where $\Gamma \left( s\right) $ is Euler-Gamma function, which is defined by
the rul
\begin{equation*}
\Gamma \left( s\right) =\int_{0}^{\infty }t^{s-1}e^{-t}dt\text{.}
\end{equation*}

Thanks to (\ref{equation 6}), we give the multiple Genocchi-zeta function as
follows: for $s\in
\mathbb{C}
$ and $x\neq 0,-1,-2,\cdots ,$
\begin{equation}
\zeta _{G}^{\left( w\right) }\left( s,x\right) =2^{w}\sum_{n_{1},\cdots
,n_{w}\geq 0}\frac{\left( -1\right) ^{n_{1}+\cdots +n_{w}}}{\left(
x+n_{1}+\cdots +n_{w}\right) ^{s}}\text{.}  \label{equation 7}
\end{equation}

By (\ref{equation 2}) and (\ref{equation 6}), we see tha
\begin{equation*}
\zeta _{G}^{\left( w\right) }\left( -n,x\right) =\frac{G_{n+w}^{\left(
w\right) }\left( x\right) }{\binom{n+w}{w}w!}\text{ for }n\in
\mathbb{N}
\text{.}
\end{equation*}

By utilizing from complex integral and (\ref{equation 44}), we obtain the
following equation: for $s\in
\mathbb{C}
$
\begin{gather}
\frac{1}{\Gamma \left( s\right) }\int_{0}^{\infty }t^{s-w-1}\left\{ \left(
-1\right) ^{w}C_{\chi }^{\left( w\right) }\left( -t\right) \right\} dt
\label{equation 8} \\
=2^{w}\sum_{\underset{n_{1}+\cdots +n_{w}\neq 0}{n_{1},\cdots ,n_{w}=0}
\frac{\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) \left( -1\right) ^{n_{1}+\cdots
+n_{w}}}{\left( n_{1}+\cdots +n_{w}\right) ^{s}}\text{,}  \notag
\end{gather
where $\chi $ is the primitive Dirichlet's character with conductor
\begin{equation*}
f\in
\mathbb{N}
\text{ and }f\equiv 1\left( \func{mod}2\right) \text{.}
\end{equation*}

Because of (\ref{equation 8}), we give the definition Dirichlet's type of
multiple Genocchi $L$-function in complex plane as follows
\begin{equation}
L^{\left( w\right) }\left( s\mid \chi \right) =2^{w}\sum_{\underset
n_{1}+\cdots +n_{w}\neq 0}{n_{1},\cdots ,n_{w}=0}}^{\infty }\frac{\chi
\left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) \left( -1\right) ^{n_{1}+\cdots +n_{w}}}
\left( n_{1}+\cdots +n_{w}\right) ^{s}}\text{.}  \label{equation 9}
\end{equation}

Via the (\ref{equation 44}) and (\ref{equation 9}), we derive the following
theorem:

\begin{theorem}
For any $n\in
\mathbb{N}
$, then we hav
\begin{equation}
L^{\left( w\right) }\left( -n\mid \chi \right) =\frac{G_{n+w,\chi }^{\left(
w\right) }\left( x\right) }{\binom{n+w}{w}w!}\text{.}  \label{equation 10}
\end{equation}
\end{theorem}

Let $s$ be a complex variable, and let $a$ and $b$ be integer with $0<a<F$
and $F\equiv 1\left( \func{mod}2\right) $.

Thus, we can consider the partial zeta function $S^{\left( w\right) }\left(
s;a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}\mid F\right) $ as follows
\begin{gather}
S^{\left( w\right) }\left( s;a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}\mid F\right)
\label{equation 11} \\
=2^{w}\sum_{\underset{m_{i}\equiv a_{i}\left( \func{mod}F\right) }
m_{1},\cdots ,m_{w}>0}}\frac{\left( -1\right) ^{m_{1}+\cdots +m_{w}}}{\left(
m_{1}+\cdots +m_{w}\right) ^{s}}  \notag \\
=\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}F^{-s}\zeta _{G}^{\left( w\right)
}\left( s,\frac{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{F}\right) \text{.}  \notag
\end{gather}

\begin{theorem}
\bigskip The following identity holds
\begin{equation*}
S^{\left( w\right) }\left( s;a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}\mid F\right) =\left(
-1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}F^{-s}\zeta _{G}^{\left( w\right) }\left( s
\frac{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{F}\right) \text{.}
\end{equation*}
\end{theorem}

Then Dirichlet's type of multiple $L$-function can be expressed as the sum:
for $s\in
\mathbb{C}

\begin{equation}
L^{\left( w\right) }\left( s\mid \chi \right) =\sum_{a_{1},\cdots
,a_{w}=1}^{F}\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) S^{\left( w\right)
}\left( s;a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}\mid F\right) \text{.}  \label{equation 12}
\end{equation}

Substituting $s=w-n$ into (\ref{equation 11}), we readily derive the
following: for $w,n\in
\mathbb{N}

\begin{eqnarray}
&&\binom{n}{w}w!S^{\left( w\right) }\left( w-n;a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}\mid
F\right)   \label{equation 13} \\
&=&\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}F^{n-w}G_{n}^{\left( w\right)
}\left( \frac{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{F}\right) \text{.}  \notag
\end{eqnarray}

By (\ref{equation 2}), it is simple to indicate the followin
\begin{equation}
G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( x\right) =\sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k
x^{n-k}G_{k}^{\left( w\right) }=\sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k
x^{k}G_{n-k}^{\left( w\right) }\text{.}  \label{equation 14}
\end{equation}

Thanks to (\ref{equation 11}), (\ref{equation 13}) and (\ref{equation 14}),
we develop the following theorem:

\begin{theorem}
The following identit
\begin{gather}
w!\binom{-s}{w}S^{\left( w\right) }\left( s+w;a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}\mid
F\right)  \label{equation 15} \\
=\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}F^{-w}\left( a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}\right) ^{-s}\sum_{k\geq 0}\binom{-s}{k}\left( \frac{F}{a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}}\right) ^{k}G_{k}^{\left( w\right) }  \notag
\end{gather
is true.
\end{theorem}

From (\ref{equation 12}), (\ref{equation 13}) and (\ref{equation 15}), we
have the following corollary:

\begin{corollary}
The following holds true
\begin{gather}
w!\binom{-s}{w}L^{\left( w\right) }\left( s+w\mid \chi \right)
\label{equation 16} \\
=\sum_{a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}^{F}\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right)
\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}F^{-w}\left( a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}\right) ^{-s}  \notag \\
\times \sum_{k=0}^{\infty }\binom{-s}{k}\left( \frac{F}{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}
\right) ^{k}G_{k}^{\left( w\right) }\text{.}  \notag
\end{gather}
\end{corollary}

The values of $L^{\left( w\right) }\left( s\mid \chi \right) $ at negative
integers are algebraic, hence may be regarded as lying in an extension of
\mathbb{Q}
_{p}$. We therefore look for a $p$-adic function which agrees with
L^{\left( w\right) }\left( s\mid \chi \right) $ at the negative integers in
the next section.

\section{\textbf{CONCLUSION}}

In this final section, we consider $p$-adic interpolation function of the
multiple generalized Genocchi $L$-function, which interpolate Dirichlet's
type of multiple Genocchi numbers at negative integers. Firstly, Washington
constructed $p$-adic $l$-function which interpolates generalized classical
Bernoulli numbers.

Here, we use some the following notations, which will be useful in remainder
of paper.

Let $\omega $ denote the $Teichm\ddot{u}ller$ character by the conductor
f_{\omega }=p$. For an arbitrary character $\chi $, we set $\chi _{n}=\chi
\omega ^{-n}$, $n\in
\mathbb{Z}
$, in the sense of product of characters.

Le
\begin{equation*}
\left\langle a\right\rangle =\omega ^{-1}\left( a\right) a=\frac{a}{\omega
\left( a\right) }\text{.}
\end{equation*}

Thus, we note that $\left\langle a\right\rangle \equiv 1\left( \func{mod}
\mathbb{Z}
_{p}\right) $. Let
\begin{equation*}
A_{j}\left( x\right) =\sum_{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n,j}x^{n}\text{, }a_{n,j}\in
\mathbb{C}
_{p}\text{, }j=0,1,2,...
\end{equation*
be a sequence of power series, each convergent on a fixed subse
\begin{equation*}
T=\left\{ s\in
\mathbb{C}
_{p}\mid \left\vert s\right\vert _{p}<p^{-\frac{2-p}{p-1}}\right\} \text{,}
\end{equation*
of
\mathbb{C}
_{p}$ such that

(1) $a_{n,j}\rightarrow a_{n,0}$ as\ $j\rightarrow \infty $ for any $n$;

(2) \ for each $s\in T$ and $\epsilon >0$, there exists an
n_{0}=n_{0}\left( s,\epsilon \right) $ such that
\begin{equation*}
\left\vert \sum_{n\geq n_{0}}a_{n,j}s^{n}\right\vert _{p}<\epsilon \text{
for }\forall j\text{.}
\end{equation*}

So
\begin{equation*}
\lim_{j\rightarrow \infty }A_{j}\left( s\right) =A_{0}\left( s\right) \text
, for all }s\in T\text{.}
\end{equation*}

This was firstly introduced by Washington \cite{Washington} to indicate that
each functions $\omega ^{-s}\left( a\right) a^{s}$ and
\begin{equation*}
\sum_{k=0}^{\infty }\binom{s}{k}\left( \frac{F}{a}\right) ^{k}B_{k}\text{,}
\end{equation*
where $F$ is multiple of $p$ and $f$ and $B_{k}$ is the $k$-th Bernoulli
numbers, is analytic on $T$ (for more information, see \cite{Washington}).

We assume that $\chi $ is a primitive Dirichlet's character\ with conductor
f\in
\mathbb{N}
$ with $f\equiv 1\left( \func{mod}2\right) $. Then we contemplate the
multiple Genocchi $p$-adic $L$-function, $L_{p}^{\left( w\right) }\left(
s\mid \chi \right) $, which interpolates the multiple generalized Genocchi
numbers attached to $\chi $ at negative integers.

For $f\in
\mathbb{N}
$ with $f\equiv 1\left( \func{mod}2\right) $, let us assume that $F$ is a
positive integral multiple of $p$ and $f=f_{\chi }$. We now give the
definition of mutiple Genocchi $p$-adic $L$-function as follows
\begin{gather}
w!\binom{-s}{w}L_{p}^{\left( w\right) }\left( s+w\mid \chi \right)
\label{equation 17} \\
=\frac{1}{F^{w}}\sum_{a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}^{F}\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}\right) \left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\left\langle
a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right\rangle ^{-s}  \notag \\
\times \sum_{k=0}^{\infty }\binom{-s}{k}\left( \frac{F}{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}
\right) ^{k}G_{k}^{\left( w\right) }\text{.}  \notag
\end{gather}

Due to (\ref{equation 17}), we want to note that $L_{p}^{\left( w\right)
}\left( s+w\mid \chi \right) $ is an analytic function on $s\in T$.

For $n\in
\mathbb{N}
$, we have
\begin{equation}
G_{n,\chi _{n}}^{\left( w\right) }=\frac{F^{n}}{F^{w}}\sum_{a_{1},\cdots
,a_{w}=1}^{F}\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\chi _{n}\left(
a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( \frac{a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}}{F}\right) \text{.}  \label{equation 18}
\end{equation}

If $\chi _{n}\left( p\right) \neq 0$, then $\left( p,f_{\chi _{n}}\right) =1
, and so the ratio $\frac{F}{p}$ is a multiple of $f_{\chi _{n}}$.

Let
\begin{equation*}
\vartheta =\left\{ \frac{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{p}\mid a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}\equiv 0(\func{mod}p)\text{ for some }a_{i}\in
\mathbb{Z}
\text{ with }0\leq a_{i}\leq F\right\} \text{.}
\end{equation*}

Therefore we can write the followin
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\frac{F^{n}}{F^{w}}\sum_{\underset{p\mid a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{a_{1},\cdots
,a_{w}=1}}^{F}\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\chi _{n}\left(
a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( \frac{a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}}{F}\right)  \label{equation 19} \\
&=&p^{n-w}\frac{\left( \frac{F}{p}\right) ^{n}}{\left( \frac{F}{p}\right)
^{w}}\chi _{n}\left( p\right) \sum_{\underset{\lambda \in \vartheta }
a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}}^{\frac{F}{p}}\left( -1\right) ^{\lambda }\chi
_{n}\left( \lambda \right) G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( \frac{\lambda }{F/
}\right) \text{.}  \notag
\end{eqnarray}

By (\ref{equation 19}), we define the different multiple generalized
Genocchi numbers attached to $\chi $ as follows
\begin{equation}
G_{n,\chi _{n}}^{\ast \left( w\right) }=\frac{\left( \frac{F}{p}\right) ^{n
}{\left( \frac{F}{p}\right) ^{w}}\sum_{\underset{\lambda \in \vartheta }
a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}}^{\frac{F}{p}}\left( -1\right) ^{\lambda }\chi
_{n}\left( \lambda \right) G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( \frac{\lambda }{F/
}\right) \text{.}  \label{equation 20}
\end{equation}

On accounct of (\ref{equation 18}), (\ref{equation 19}) and (\ref{equation
20}), we attain the followin
\begin{equation}
G_{n,\chi _{n}}^{\left( w\right) }-p^{n-w}\chi _{n}\left( p\right) G_{n,\chi
_{n}}^{\ast \left( w\right) }=\frac{F^{n}}{F^{w}}\sum_{\underset{p\nshortmid
a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}}^{F}\left( -1\right)
^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\chi _{n}\left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right)
G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( \frac{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{F}\right) \text{.}
\label{equation 21}
\end{equation}

By the definition of the multiple Genocchi polynomials of order $w$, we
write the followin
\begin{equation}
G_{n}^{\left( w\right) }\left( \frac{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}{F}\right)
=F^{-n}\left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) ^{n}\sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k
\left( \frac{F}{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\right) ^{k}G_{k}^{\left( w\right)
\text{.}  \label{equation 22}
\end{equation}

By (\ref{equation 21}) and (\ref{equation 22}), we hav
\begin{gather}
G_{n,\chi _{n}}^{\left( w\right) }-p^{n-w}\chi _{n}\left( p\right) G_{n,\chi
_{n}}^{\ast \left( w\right) }  \label{equation 23} \\
=\frac{1}{F^{w}}\sum_{\underset{p\nshortmid a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}
a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}}^{F}\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\chi
_{n}\left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) \left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) ^{n}
\notag \\
\times \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k}\left( \frac{F}{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\right)
^{k}G_{k}^{\left( w\right) }  \notag
\end{gather}

By (\ref{equation 17}) and (\ref{equation 23}), we readily see tha
\begin{gather}
w!\binom{n}{w}L_{p}^{\left( w\right) }\left( w-n\mid \chi \right)  \notag \\
=\frac{1}{F^{w}}\sum_{\underset{p\nshortmid a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}
a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}}^{F}\left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\chi
_{n}\left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) \left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) ^{n}
\notag \\
\times \sum_{k=0}^{n}\binom{n}{k}\left( \frac{F}{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\right)
^{k}G_{k}^{\left( w\right) }  \label{equation 24} \\
=G_{n,\chi _{n}}^{\left( w\right) }-p^{n-w}\chi _{n}\left( p\right)
G_{n,\chi _{n}}^{\ast \left( w\right) }  \notag
\end{gather}

Consequently, we arrive at the following theorem.

\begin{theorem}
The following nice identity holds true
\begin{gather*}
w!\binom{-s}{w}L_{p}^{\left( w\right) }\left( s+w\mid \chi \right) \\
=\frac{1}{F^{w}}\sum_{a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}^{F}\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}\right) \left( -1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\left\langle
a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right\rangle ^{-s} \\
\times \sum_{k=0}^{\infty }\binom{-s}{k}\left( \frac{F}{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}
\right) ^{k}G_{k}^{\left( w\right) }\text{.}
\end{gather*}
\end{theorem}

Thus $L_{p}^{\left( w\right) }\left( s+w\mid \chi \right) $ is an analytic
function on $T$. Additionally, for each $n\in
\mathbb{N}
$, we procure the following
\begin{equation*}
w!\binom{n}{w}L_{p}^{\left( w\right) }\left( w-n\mid \chi \right) =G_{n,\chi
_{n}}^{\left( w\right) }-p^{n-w}\chi _{n}\left( p\right) G_{n,\chi
_{n}}^{\ast \left( w\right) }\text{.}
\end{equation*}

Using Taylor expansion at $s=0$, we hav
\begin{equation}
\binom{-s}{k}=\frac{\left( -1\right) ^{k}}{k}s+\cdots \text{ if }k\geq
\text{.}  \label{equation 25}
\end{equation}

Differentiating on both sides in (\ref{equation 17}), with respect to $s$ at
$s=0$, we obtain the following corollary.

\begin{theorem}
Let $F$ be a positive integral multiple of $p$ and $f$. Then we hav
\begin{gather*}
\frac{\partial }{\partial s}\left( \binom{-s}{w}L_{p}^{\left( w\right)
}\left( s+w\mid \chi \right) \right) \mid _{s=0}=\frac{\left( -1\right) ^{w
}{w}L_{p}^{\left( w\right) }\left( w\mid \chi \right) \\
=\frac{1}{w!F^{w}}\sum_{\underset{\left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w},p\right) =1}
a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}}^{F}\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) \left(
-1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\left( 1-\log _{p}\left( a_{1}+\cdots
+a_{w}\right) \right) \\
+\frac{1}{w!F^{w}}\sum_{\underset{\left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w},p\right) =1}
a_{1},\cdots ,a_{w}=1}}^{F}\chi \left( a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}\right) \left(
-1\right) ^{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\sum_{m=1}^{\infty }\frac{\left( -1\right)
^{m}}{m}\left( \frac{F}{a_{1}+\cdots +a_{w}}\right) ^{k}G_{k}^{\left(
w\right) }
\end{gather*
where $\log _{p}x$ is the $p$-adic logarithm.
\end{theorem}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Haggling holds up $8bn RusAl deals
By David Robertson
Wednesday October 04 2006, 1.00am, The Times
LAST-MINUTE negotiations with minority shareholders and continued arguments about pricing have held up RusAl's $8 billion (£4.2 billion) takeover of its rivals Sual and Glencore, which will create the world's largest aluminium producer.
A further hindrance to the deal, which should be announced today, has been the $50 million bonus that will be paid to Brian Gilbertson, Sual's president, the man who engineered the BHP Billiton merger. RusAl has refused to pay the bonus and is insisting that Sual's majority shareholder, the oligarch Viktor Vekselberg, pay it instead.
According to sources close to the negotiations, RusAl has also been driving down the price that it is willing to pay for its targets. Sual, which controls 25 per cent of the Russian aluminium market, had hoped


I have a problem that can be "fixed" with surgery…why should I bother with physical therapy?
Many individuals have evidence on imaging of hip impingement or possible labral damage, however not everyone has pain and some may never know that they have these findings. It is crucial to correlate the imaging findings to the clinical exam findings for proper patient selection for hip arthroscopy.
Many patients with hip pain, positive imaging findings, and correlating clinical exams also have substantial extra-articular (outside of the joint) pain and dysfunction as well. These problems are not corrected with surgery and may in fact be the bigger problem in some patient cases. Examples of these extra-articular problems include but are not limited to soft tissue pain and restriction, hip weakness, core stability dysfunctions, and lumbar/pelvic dysfunction.
In cases where patients present with both joint pain and pathology (such as FAI and labral tears) as well as these outside the joint problems, it is critical to address the non-joint problems prior to surgical interventions (also known as "prehab") to allow for the best possible outcomes. A complete examination by a physical therapist with experience in treating hip pathology is a very important step in the diagnostic process. This can allow for a proper physical therapy program to be designed to either prevent or prepare for surgical interventions.
I have had injections before and they never work. Why should I do one now?
The role of ultrasound guided diagnostic injections is two-fold. These injections are used for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. At times a diagnostic only injection may be performed depending on the individual patient scenario. It is important that you understand and appreciate the role of each component of these injections. First, a numbing medicine is part of what will go into your hip joint or the localized area of damage/pain. This is a fast acting, but short lasting medicine that should give close to immediate relief of any pain that is originating from the joint or tissue in question. The pain felt with activity and clinical examination prior to the injection should be evaluated following the injection – this is the diagnostic portion. How you feel in those initial minutes to few hours following the injection is the closest estimate of how you would feel with a successful surgical intervention (after completing a proper rehabilitation program) if it comes to that. The pain that remains after injection would not be resolved with surgery alone and should be addressed prior to a surgical intervention. Often this pain is coming from other areas of the body (such as the lumbar spine), or from the soft tissues around the hip.
The second medication that is commonly injected into the joint is a corticosteroid. In comparison to the anesthetic (numbing medicine), the steroid takes up to two weeks to start working fully and the overall affects are highly variable. Some patients get a substantial amount of long term relief of pain (several months or more) while others get none and many in-between. The benefit of using this medicine is the ability to address soft tissue pain/restrictions, weakness and inhibition, and other non-hip related pain and dysfunction while the hip joint is not hurting or less irritable.
Some patients will do very well with conservative treatments (medication, therapy, etc.) and activity modifications while others will ultimately undergo a surgical procedure. Either way, the injection allows for both diagnostic information to be collected as well as the opportunity to prepare an individual physically for the best possible rehab experience post op.
There seems to be a lot of surgeries, labral repair, PAO, total hip, etc.…If I can't get better with injections and therapy what kind of surgery will I need?
There are a lot of factors that go into the decision making regarding the best surgical option for hip and/or pelvis pain. Your visit with our team will include multiple clinician interactions including our nursing staff, physical therapists, imaging, and physicians. There is intentionally overlap built into the system to be sure that you are well cared for during your visits with us and that your overall long term outcomes are the focus of our attention and decision making.
Our physical therapy team is here to assist in not only evaluating you, but also preparing you for the long-term expectations and timelines related to any procedure or surgery. Being a specialty clinic, our therapists have extensive knowledge and experience in the evaluation and treatment of individuals undergoing both conservative and surgical management of hip and pelvis disorders.
How long will I be on crutches and what are my restrictions after surgery?
The answer to these questions can be highly variable and is dependent on the surgical procedure(s) you will undergo. Limited weight bearing/crutch use varies from 7-10 days upwards of 2+ months. Weight bearing as well as any other range of motion or activity restrictions are specifically assigned based on the healing time of the tissues/structures involved as well as the amount of stress those areas endure in daily activity. It is important to also remember that with the longer restricted weight bearing status comes increased time to regain enough strength to tolerate the demands of activities such as walking, stairs, and athletics therefore having the guidance of your PT team will be crucial in the full return to activities of daily living and athletics.
Our physical therapy team will typically visit with surgical candidates prior to their procedures to prepare them for the most likely restrictions as well as other possibilities. In addition, those who undergo an outpatient surgery will have therapy within the first 1-2 days post-operatively in our office, and those who will be staying in the hospital will also have Physical Therapy within the first 24-48 hours with the St. Thomas Inpatient Physical Therapy Staff who have worked directly with our surgeons, nursing, and PT team to best care for our patients while in the hospital.


text:
Gérard Anthony Besson (* 20. Januar 1942 in Port of Spain) ist ein trinidadischer Historiker, Schriftsteller und Verleger.

Leben
Gérard wurde 1942 als einziges Kind von Joseph und Margaret Besson in Port of Spain geboren. Der Vater war ein weißer Plantagenaufseher, dessen Familie ursprünglich französischer Abstammung war, seine farbige Mutter arbeitete in der Ölindustrie. Nach der Trennung seiner Eltern noch vor Erreichen des Schulalters wuchs er im katholischen, patoissprachigen Haushalt der Großmutter mütterlicherseits auf. Er besuchte eine staatliche Grundschule in Port of Spain-Downtown und danach die St. Thomas High School in Belmont. Mit 15 trat er ins Berufsleben ein und arbeitete u. a. im Dienstleistungs- und Produktionsgewerbe; dabei verkehrte er in Intellektuellenkreisen und lernte Samuel Selvon und V. S. Naipaul kennen. In den 1960er-Jahren sympathisierte er mit der Black-Power-Bewegung, die auch Trinidad erfasste. 1965 erbte er nach dem Tod seiner Großmutter eine signifikante Geldsumme und bereiste Großbritannien, wo er vergeblich versuchte, als Maler und Schriftsteller Fuß zu fassen. Nach seiner Rückkehr arbeitete er in Trinidad als Texter bei verschiedenen Werbeagenturen, wobei er in den späten 1960er-Jahren mediale Aufmerksamkeit erzielte, als er als erster Werber Trinidads schwarze Models für die Bewerbung hochpreisiger Produkte einsetzte. 1973 machte er sich gemeinsam mit dem Musiker Clive Bradley mit einer eigenen Agentur selbständig. Ebenfalls 1973 heiratete er Sheelagh Hezekiah, mit der er drei Söhne hat. Von 1979 bis 1985 saß Besson für zwei Amtsperioden im Rat der University of the West Indies (UWI). Zu Beginn der 1980er-Jahre war Besson Mitglied des Schriftsteller- und Historikerzirkels um Olga Mavrogordato, Witwe von Arthur Stephen Mavrogordato. Die Gruppe, der auch Anthony de Verteuil und Michael Anthony angehörten, befasste sich mit der Geschichte und kulturellen Tradition Trinidads und Tobagos. 1981 gründete Besson den Verlag Paria Publishing, um zunächst nicht mehr im Druck befindliche Werke zur Geschichte Trinidads und Tobagos neu aufzulegen. In den folgenden 35 Jahren publizierte sein Verlag über 130 Bücher, zum größten Teil Sachbücher trinidadischer Historiker. Von 1982 bis 1985 war Besson Direktor des National Museum and Art Gallery in Port of Spain. 1995 wurde Bessons Werbeagentur von Lonsdale Saatchi & Saatchi aufgekauft; Besson blieb Creative Director. 1996 trennte er sich von seiner Frau; 1998 heiratete er die Deutsche Alice Schwarz. 2002 schied er aus dem Berufsleben aus, blieb dem Kulturbetrieb aber ehrenamtlich erhalten. In den 2000er-Jahren kuratierte er Ausstellungen in mehreren Museen, so im Museum at the House of Angostura (2001–2003), in der Heritage Library (2004) und im National Museum and Art Gallery (2007). 2005 war Besson Mitglied des Leitungsgremiums des National Trust sowie des Gremiums zur Schaffung der Academy of Arts, Letters, Culture and Public Affairs an der University of Trinidad and Tobago. Von 2011 bis 2014 war er auf Einberufung des damaligen Präsidenten George Maxwell Richards hin Mitglied der staatlichen Antidiskriminierungskommission Equal Opportunities Commission.

Besson ist Mitglied der Association of Caribbean Historians und des Caribbean Publishers Network.

Werk
Bessons Werk als Historiker umfasst unterschiedliche Aspekte trinidadischer und tobagonischer Kultur und Geschichte, was zum Teil auf Forschungsaufträge von Firmen und Institutionen zurückzuführen ist. Ein zentrales Element seines Prosawerks ist die Geschichte der afro-französischen Trinidadier, zu denen auch seine Familie zählt. Die Geschicke dieser Ethnie sind ein zentrales Element seiner Romane The Voice in the Govi und From the Gates of Aksum. Die Handlungen seiner Romane sind fiktiv, spielen aber vor realen historischen Hintergründen, insbesondere Roume de St. Laurent … A Memoir, der nahe am Schicksal von Philippe Rose Roume de Saint-Laurent angesiedelt ist, einem französischen Abenteurer, der im späten 18. Jahrhundert signifikanten Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der damals spanischen Kolonie Trinidad ausübte, indem er die Cedula de populacion in der Karibik bekannt machte, ein Edikt des für Trinidad zuständigen spanischen Ministers José de Gálvez y Gallardo, das ab 1783 die verstärkte Ansiedlung katholischer, insbesondere französischer Bürger auf der bis 1797 spanischen Insel Trinidad gestattete und dadurch einen signifikanten Bevölkerungszuwachs und eine rasch ansteigende Wirtschaftsleistung der Insel ermöglichte.

2000 und 2001 zeichnete Besson verantwortlich für The Land of Beginnings, eine in 24 Ausgaben erschienene, monatliche Beilage der Tageszeitung Trinidad Newsday mit historischen Themen, die vom trinidadischen Fernsehsender TTT als dreiteilige Dokumentation verfilmt wurde. Kontrovers aufgenommen wurde sein 2010 erschienenes Buch The Cult of the Will, das sich zu einem guten Teil mit dem ehemaligen trinidadischen Premierminister Eric Williams auseinandersetzt und diesem eine geschichtswissenschaftlich nicht etablierte Ansicht zur Rolle Großbritanniens in der Kolonialgeschichte Trinidads sowie rassistische Anklänge bei der Gestaltung seiner Politik unterstellt.

Besson betreibt mit den Caribbean History Archives ein privates Weblog, das Erkenntnisse der trinidadischen Geschichtsforschung sammelt.

Werke (Auszug)

Romane
 1973: Tales of the Paria Main Road (Creative Advertising)
 1988: A Diary of Dreams (Paria Publishing)
 2011: The Voice in the Govi (Paria Publishing)
 2013: From the Gates of Aksum (Paria Publishing)
 2016: Roume de St. Laurent … A Memoir (Paria Publishing)

Sachbücher
 1985: A Photograph Album of Trinidad at the Turn of the 19th Century (Paria Publishing)
 1987: From Colonial to Republic (Republic Bank, mit Selwyn Ryan und Ronald Harford)
 1991: Folklore and Legends of Trinidad and Tobago (Paria Publishing)
 1991: The Book of Trinidad (Paria Publishing, mit Bridget Brereton)
 2000: The Angostura Story (Paria Publishing)
 2002: The Angostura Historical Digest (Paria Publishing)
 2004: Scotiabank – The First 50 Years (Paria Publishing)
 2006: The History of Ansa McAL in the Caribbean (Paria Publishing)
 2010: The Cult of the Will (Paria Publishing)

Auszeichnungen
 2007: Hummingbird Medal in Gold
 2007: Lifetime Achiever Heritage Preservation Award des National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago
 2015: Ehrendoktorwürde der University of the West Indies

Weblinks

 Profilseite auf der Website der Equal Opportunity Commission Trinidad and Tobago
 Caribbean History Archives – Privates Weblog von Gérard Besson zu historischen Themen

Einzelnachweise

Ehrendoktor einer Universität
Literatur (Englisch)
Neuzeithistoriker
Roman, Epik
Sachbuchautor
Staatsangehöriger von Trinidad und Tobago
Geboren 1942
Mann


Life was so much easier, back in the day when the only thing that mattered about a boy was that he be cute and like horses! But we are women, now, and love isn't about an infatuation-attraction.
"Love is blind," the old saying goes. Well, no, it's not. Love turns a spotlight on the character of our Beloved. And on ourselves.
On the one hand, we have what Dr. Alice von Hildebrand called the "Tabor Vision," seeing our Beloved in the divine light of who he was created to be at his best. This isn't the sort of false vision that marks infatuation and emotional need; need tends to manufacture this idea of good and virtue, and, furthermore, build on it to create almost a character in a story we want to live out — something quite unrelated to reality.
But on the other hand, Love also shows us how our Beloved's humanity plays itself out – in real time: what his flaws and weaknesses are, his temptations, his Achilles' heel. And love won't let us hide from these failings, nor pretend they aren't there.
Seeing a person as he really is, and not as we want him to be, takes time. DF and I have been friends for more than twelve years. Twelve years is brief in retrospect, but seems interminable in anticipation. I had no hope, when we met, that we'd be friends now; I thought he was just one more person I was chatting with online who'd fade into the interweb echo chamber as we moved on from that web site and were occupied with the conversations of other people. As real life dominated. I didn't know he'd become part of the fabric of my real life. And, because I wasn't "In-ter-est-ed" (in my best Bugs Bunny as Madge The Beautician voice while I bat my eyelashes) the friendship developed on its own timetable, in its own way, with its own integrity.
There's a reason I speak of liking DF, of my respect, admiration, and esteem for him: those were there first.
Love is a powerful force: it is concerned with our investment in the good of the Beloved. Even our serving that good (not a popular concept in a world that insists we demand our own rights and deserts!) — which involves some varying degree of self-denial.
But it also, at the same time, builds us and strengthens us, so that if we must stand alone, walk in solitude, we can do it. Love of the Beloved teaches us our greater strength and worth.


John and I are proud to introduce our brand new Leather and Wood Trays!
The side features a unique swept detail in the leather where the two ends of the piece join - he worked on this part for days to get it just right.
Each tray is made from a pairing of thick poplar wood for the base and a single piece of heavy weight leather for the edge and handles.
The handles are one piece with the leather, making each of these trays a unique, elegant and sturdy piece.
We've used the trays on our table as a centerpiece, as a breakfast tray, on our coffee table and as a serving tray so far. I'd love to put one of these on our entry table with one of the valets in it, a candle and a bunch of flowers. There are so many different ways these can by styled, so many ways they can be used!
And because of the quality of the materials and the workmanship, they will withstand the test of time and are potential heirlooms for your family.
wood base made from solid .75" thick poplar, sealed to repel moisture.
leather is a single piece of full grain 5-6oz leather.
sides are tightly secured and attached with antique brass finish hardware.


The VALA Travel Scholarship for 2014 is awarded to Ingrid Mason.
Ingrid Mason is a self-professed metadata nerd and technologist, who has found a work-space that satisfies her interests in culture, the humanities, semantics and the web.
Ingrid has interests in: data, technology and research. She works as an eResearch Analyst for Intersect Australia and as a Data Specialist for the Australian National Data Service.
She has a background in digital cultural heritage (digital collection and preservation) and enabling discovery and interoperability across galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (the GLAM sector) – and – in providing eResearch support services for humanities, arts and social sciences including research data management and software development.
She will travel to the United States, France, Belgium, Finland, and England and aims to visit the following organisations to find out about the following projects, platforms and initiatives creating, working with and publishing linked open data.
We look forward to hearing the results of Ingrid's research at the VALA2016 conference.


text:
The Coffin Stone, also known as the Coffin and the Table Stone, is a large sarsen stone at the foot of Blue Bell Hill near Aylesford in the south-eastern English county of Kent. Now lying horizontally, the stone probably once stood upright nearby. Various archaeologists have argued that the stone was part of a now-destroyed chambered long barrow constructed in the fourth millennium BCE, during Britain's Early Neolithic period.

If a chambered long barrow did indeed previously exist on the site, it would have been built by pastoralist communities shortly after the introduction of agriculture to Britain from continental Europe. Long-barrow building was an architectural tradition widespread across Neolithic Europe. It consisted of various localized regional variants; one of these was in the vicinity of the River Medway, examples of which are now known as the Medway Megaliths. The Coffin Stone lies on the eastern side of the river, not far from the chambered long barrows of Little Kit's Coty House, Kit's Coty House, and the (now destroyed) Smythe's Megalith. Three other examples, the Coldrum Long Barrow, Addington Long Barrow, and Chestnuts Long Barrow, remain on the western side of the river.

The Coffin Stone is a rectangular slab lying flat that measures  in length,  in breadth, and about  in width. Two smaller stones lie nearby and another large slab is now located atop it. In the 1830s it was reported that local farmers found human bones near the stone. An archaeological excavation of the site led by Paul Garwood took place in 2008–09; it found that the megalith was placed in its present location only in the 15th or 16th centuries. The archaeologists found no evidence of a chambered long barrow at the location, and suggested that the Coffin Stone might once have stood upright in the vicinity.

Location

The Coffin Stone is in Great Tottington Farm, which is now used as a vineyard.
As of 2005, the site was not signposted, but could be reached via a stile along the Pilgrims' Way. The Coffin Stone is situated about  north-west of Little Kit's Coty House. It is also a short distance north of the Tottington springhead.

Context

The Early Neolithic was a revolutionary period of British history. Between 4500 and 3800 BCE, it saw a widespread change in lifestyle as the communities living in the British Isles adopted agriculture as their primary form of subsistence, abandoning the hunter-gatherer lifestyle that had characterised the preceding Mesolithic period. This came about through contact with continental societies; it is unclear to what extent this can be attributed to an influx of migrants or to indigenous Mesolithic Britons adopting agricultural technologies from continental Europe. The region of modern Kent was a key area for the arrival of continental settlers and visitors, because of its position on the estuary of the River Thames and its proximity to the continent.

Britain was largely forested in this period; widespread forest clearance did not occur in Kent until the Late Bronze Age (c.1000 to 700 BCE). Environmental data from the vicinity of the White Horse Stone, a putatively prehistoric monolith near the River Medway, supports the idea that the area was still largely forested in the Early Neolithic, covered by a woodland of oak, ash, hazel/alder and Maloideae (apples and their allies). Throughout most of Britain, there is little evidence of cereal grain farming or permanent dwellings from this period, leading archaeologists to believe that the Early Neolithic economy on the island was largely pastoral, relying on herding cattle, with people living a nomadic or semi-nomadic life.

Medway Megaliths

Across Western Europe, the Early Neolithic marked the first period in which humans built monumental structures. These included chambered long barrows, rectangular or oval earthen tumuli that had a chamber built into one end. Some of these chambers were constructed out of timber, and others were built using large stones, now known as "megaliths". Long barrows often served as tombs, housing the physical remains of the dead within their chamber. Individuals were rarely buried alone in the Early Neolithic, instead being interred in collective burials with other members of their community. Chambered tombs were built all along the Western European seaboard during the Early Neolithic, from southeastern Spain to southern Sweden, taking in most of the British Isles; the architectural tradition was introduced to Britain from continental Europe in the first half of the fourth millennium BCE. There are stone buildings—like Göbekli Tepe in modern Turkey—that predate them, but the chambered long barrows constitute humanity's first widespread tradition of construction using stone.

Although now all in a ruinous state and not retaining their original appearance, at the time of construction the Medway Megaliths would have been some of the largest and most visually imposing Early Neolithic funerary monuments in Britain. Grouped along the River Medway as it cuts through the North Downs, they constitute the most southeasterly group of megalithic monuments in the British Isles, and the only megalithic group in eastern England. The archaeologists Brian Philp and Mike Dutto deemed the Medway Megaliths to be "some of the most interesting and well known" archaeological sites in Kent, while the archaeologist Paul Ashbee described them as "the most grandiose and impressive structures of their kind in southern England".

The Medway Megaliths can be divided into two separate clusters: one to the west of the River Medway and the other on Blue Bell Hill to the east, between  apart. The western group includes Coldrum Long Barrow, Addington Long Barrow, and the Chestnuts Long Barrow. The eastern group consists of Smythe's Megalith, Kit's Coty House, Little Kit's Coty House, and several other stones that might have once been parts of chambered tombs, most notably the White Horse Stone. It is not known if they were all built at the same time, and it is not known if they each served the same function or whether there was a hierarchy in their usage.

The Medway long barrows all conformed to the same general design plan, and are all aligned on an east to west axis. Each had a stone chamber at the eastern end of the mound, and they each probably had a stone facade flanking the entrance. They had internal heights of up to , making them taller than most other chambered long barrows in Britain. The chambers were constructed from sarsen sandstone, a dense, hard, and durable stone that occurs naturally throughout Kent, having formed out of sand from the Eocene epoch. Early Neolithic builders would have selected blocks from the local area, and then transported them to the site of the monument to be erected.

These common architectural features among the Medway Megaliths indicate a strong regional cohesion with no direct parallels elsewhere in the British Isles. Nevertheless, as with other regional groupings of Early Neolithic long barrows—such as the Cotswold-Severn group in south-western Britain—there are also various idiosyncrasies in the different monuments, such as Coldrum's rectilinear shape, the Chestnut Long Barrow's facade, and the long, thin mounds at Addington and Kit's Coty. These variations might have been caused by the tombs being altered and adapted over the course of their use; in this scenario, the monuments would be composite structures.

The builders of these monuments were probably influenced by pre-existing tomb-shrines they were aware of. Whether those people had grown up locally, or moved into the Medway area from elsewhere is not known. Based on a stylistic analysis of their architecture, the archaeologist Stuart Piggott thought that the plan behind the Medway Megaliths had originated in the area around the Low Countries; Glyn Daniel thought their design derived from Scandinavia, John H. Evans thought Germany, and Ronald F. Jessup suggested an influence from the Cotswold-Severn group. Ashbee found their close clustering reminiscent of the megalithic tomb-shrine traditions of continental Northern Europe, and emphasised that the Medway Megaliths were a regional manifestation of a tradition widespread across Early Neolithic Europe. He concluded that a precise place of origin was "impossible to indicate" with the available evidence.

Description

The Coffin Stone is a large rectangular slab. In the 1870s, it was measured as being  in length,  in breadth, and about  in width. The archaeologist Timothy Champion suggested that "the Coffin Stone" was "an appropriate name" for the megalith given its appearance. Given the size of the megalith, it is likely that—had this been part of a chamber—the chamber could have measured as much as  in height and would have been the largest of all the known Medway Megaliths. There may have been a stone façade in front of the chamber, and if so, these may be the stones now found in the Tottington's western springhead. At some point in the twentieth century, another large sarsen slab was placed on top of the Coffin Stone.

In Evans' view, the nineteenth-century discovery of human remains at the site "strongly suggests" that the Coffin Stone was the remnant of a destroyed chambered long barrow. Jessup agreed, suggesting that "in all probability" it was part of such a monument. Some archaeologists have argued that evidence of a barrow could be visibly identified; Ashbee noted that a mound was visible "in much reduced form until the 1950s but can today [2005] hardly be traced". In 2007, Champion noted that the trace of the mound could still be seen. Had this once been a long barrow then it may have been flanked by kerbstones; various stones found nearby may have once been these. Had there been a barrow, it is likely that ditches would have flanked its sides. Archaeological investigation in the 2000s found no clear evidence of a chambered long barrow having stood on the site.

Antiquarian and archaeological investigation

Antiquarian descriptions

The antiquarian William Stukeley made note of the Coffin Stone in his posthumously published 1776 work Itinerarium Curiosum. This book contained the first published illustration of the monument. Stukeley had been alerted to the site by his friend Hercules Ayleway, who in a 1722 letter told Stukeley of "a large stone 15-foot long, called the coffin". The site was next described by John Thorpe in his 1788 book Custumale Roffense; he believed that it was Stukeley himself who had given it the name of the "coffin stone". Thorpe visited the site and provided two illustrations of it; one of these showed a spindly tree growing from around the stone.

Circa 1840, the antiquarian Beale Poste visited the site and drew a sketch of it. In his unpublished manuscript on Kentish antiquities, he reported that in 1838 or 1839 a sack full of human remains had been recovered close to the Coffin Stone. In 1871, E. H. W. Dunkin provided an account of the site in The Reliquary. He related that as well as being known as "The Coffin", it was also called "The Table Stone". He believed that it had once stood upright on that same spot, representing "a sepulchral memorial or mênhir of some ancient British chieftain". Dunkin recorded that human remains—including two human skulls, other bones, and charcoal—had been found nearby during the 1836 removal of a hedge that "concealed more than one-half of the stone". He also noted that fragments of Roman pottery had been found nearby, and that local farmers had been moving sarsen blocks to the adjacent springhead; "more than fifty blocks, large and small, lie about the yard". In 1872, James Fergusson referenced the site in his Rude Stone Monuments in All Countries; Their Age and Uses, referring to the presence of "two obelisks, known to country people as the coffin-stones—probably from their shape".

In 1893, the antiquarian George Payne described the monument in his Collectanea Cantiana, noting that locally it was known as both the Coffin Stone and the General's Stone. Ashbee later suggested that Payne was actually confusing the Coffin Stone with the General's Stone, which was a separate megalith found several hundred metres away, in the same field as Kit's Coty House. In his 1924 publication dealing with Kent, the archaeologist O. G. S. Crawford, then working as the archaeological officer for the Ordnance Survey, listed the Coffin Stone alongside the other Medway Megaliths. In his 1927 book In Kentish Pilgrimland, William Coles Finch included a plate of the Coffin Stone; the photograph featured his son standing on it and shows various broken sarsens piled up at the monument's eastern end. Finch's plate was the first published photograph of the megalith, and was likely also the last published depiction of it before another large sarsen was placed over it. Finch measured the sarsen and found it to be wider than Thorpe had reported, also making note of plough damage and breakages. In a 1946 article on the folklore involving the Medway Megaliths, Evans noted that the Coffin Stone, like several other megalithic features in the area, was associated with a burial following the fifth-century Battle of Aylesford. The idea that one or more of these monuments had been linked to the battle was first mooted by early modern antiquarians, before entering local folklore.

Archaeological investigation

In 2005, Ashbee noted that he had raised the issue of the site's preservation with English Heritage and that their representative had informed him that they would not consider according it legal protection because they thought it a natural feature. The idea that the stone might have been natural had previously been voiced by the archaeologist Glyn Daniel on his visit to the site. Ashbee commented that "it has, however, for long been manifest that English Heritage is more concerned with commercialisation than affording appropriate protection to our national monuments".

Ashbee noted that any evidence for a chambered tomb at the site might be ascertained through geophysics or excavation. Led by the archaeologist Paul Garwood, a programme of field surveys, geophysical research, and excavations took place at the site as part of the Medway Valley Prehistoric Landscapes Project during 2008 and 2009. This found evidence for prehistoric activity in the vicinity of the megalith but was unable to accurately date these archaeological features. The investigators established that there was no evidence that a chambered long barrow had once stood there. They determined that the stone had been moved to its present location at some point in the post-medieval period (1450 to 1600). There was a large hollow in the chalk nearby which was akin to that found by excavators near to the Cuckoo Stone in Wiltshire; the archaeologists interpreted this as an extraction hollow, suggesting that the Coffin Stone had once stood upright at that spot.

References

Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

 The Coffin Stone at The Megalithic Portal
 The Coffin Stone at The Modern Antiquarian

Archaeological sites in Kent
Megalithic monuments in England
Stone Age sites in Kent
Tonbridge and Malling


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Tag: Sibelius
Tomita album covers
Snowflakes Are Dancing (1974); art direction; Joseph J. Stelmach; artwork: David B. Hecht.
The Japanese composer Isao Tomita died last week so I've been listening to some of his early recordings, and thinking—as usual—about their cover designs. Tomita was by far the best of the many electronic musicians in the 1970s who took advantage of the huge success of Wendy Carlos's Switched-On Bach (1968) to create their own versions of classical music with Moog and other synthesisers. If this makes Tomita sound like an opportunist (and his 1972 collection of electronic pop covers was titled Switched On Hit & Rock), he quickly developed his own approach to electronic composition which ranged from quirky humour to his own brand of cosmic pictorialism. The latter was very different from the equally cosmic meanderings of Tangerine Dream which seldom strayed too far from the rock world. Tomita had a genius for taking very familiar pieces of classical music which he fashioned into synthesizer soundtracks for imaginary science-fiction films. (He also produced actual scores for a number of Japanese films but few, if any, of these were released outside Japan.) This approach is shown to great effect on The Bermuda Triangle (1979), an album that in the UK was subtitled "A Musical Fantasy Of Science Fiction", and which filters Prokofiev and Sibelius through a library of paranormal paperbacks, with references to UFOs, undersea pyramids, Agharta, the Hollow Earth and the Tunguska Event.
Pictures At An Exhibition (1975); artwork: bas-relief by Gene Szafran. The first appearance of the logo that became a fixture of Tomita's albums. No designer is credited but I'd guess it was the work of Joseph J. Stelmach. The logo typeface is Sinaloa.
As for the covers, Tomita's recordings may have been classical music but RCA targeted the albums at a rock audience so there's no sign of the venerable composers heads that appear continually on the sleeves of orchestral recordings. The examples here are almost all the Western releases which—surprisingly—tended to have better covers than the Japanese originals. This is also a partial selection, favouring Tomita's own releases (no soundtracks), and mostly the early albums. The later albums aren't as impressive, and many of them were only released in Japan.
Firebird (1975). No design or art credit. I'd not noticed before that the logo evolves by degrees, here gaining some extensions.
Lastly, I'll dedicate this post to my old friend Nik Green who died in March. Nik was a session musician of some note, and the first person I knew who owned a synthesizer (an ARP Odyssey); he was also a great Tomita enthusiast who shared Tomita's sense of humour, and relished the quirkier moments on many of these albums. I can't listen to the opening of the Mars section of Tomita's The Planets without remembering Nik shouting "Moog horns!" when a synthetic fanfare interrupts the sounds of a spacecraft lift-off.
Continue reading "Tomita album covers"
Author JohnPosted on May 11, 2016 May 12, 2016 Categories {art}, {design}, {electronica}, {music}, {science fiction}, {typography}Tags album covers, Isao Tomita, Nik Green, obituaries, Sibelius, Tangerine Dream, Tomita, Wendy Carlos
Weekend links 44
Poster by Will Bradley for Victor Bicycles (c. 1895).
• G. Wayne Clough, chief exective of the Smithsonian Institution, finally admits that he made a hasty decision in removing David Wojnarowicz's video from the Hide/Seek exhibition of gay art. Related: "Finland's cultural gifts to the world include Sibelius, the Moomins and an artist that the country has been less eager to celebrate." The belated homecoming of Tom of Finland.
• The Fiend with Twenty Faces: Jonathan Clements examines the legacy of Edogawa Rampo (Hirai Taro), the Japanese master of mystery and imagination.
• RIP Susannah York. The Guardian posted a selection of clips including one from Robert Altman's Images (1972).
• More mixtapes: Trish Keenan's Mind Bending Motorway Mix and a selection for Quietus by Chris & Cosey.
• "Ruin photos speak to our desperate desire to have our world re-enchanted."
Promo poster by Hapshash and the Coloured Coat for My White Bicycle by Tomorrow (1967).
• The Raging Peloton: Iain Sinclair on two wheels good, four wheels bad.
• The unknown Jorge Luis Borges: five new anthologies reviewed.
• The French house untouched for 100 years (and also here).
• Electrotypes on Drugs: old chemists' labels.
• South China Sea Pishkun by Dinh Q. Lê.
• Bike (1967) by Pink Floyd | My White Bicycle (1967) by Tomorrow | Trip On An Orange Bicycle (1968) by Orange Bicycle.
Author JohnPosted on January 23, 2011 February 3, 2013 Categories {architecture}, {art}, {books}, {borges}, {design}, {drugs}, {electronica}, {film}, {gay}, {horror}, {music}, {photography}, {psychedelia}Tags Broadcast (group), Chris & Cosey, David Wojnarowicz, Dinh Q. Lê, Edogawa Rampo, G. Wayne Clough, Hapshash and the Coloured Coat, Iain Sinclair, Jonathan Clements, Jorge Luis Borges, Moomins, Pink Floyd, Robert Altman, Sibelius, Susannah York, Tom of Finland, Trish Keenan, Will Bradley


text: Scripts for Hake.Me