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You are at:Home»News»Industry News»Entries invited for the 2020 Crystal Cabin Awards
Even the Crystal Cabin Award trophies themselves are innovative, created using additive manufacturing
Entries invited for the 2020 Crystal Cabin Awards
By Adam Gavine on September 26, 2019 Industry News
The entry phase has begun for the 2020 Crystal Cabin Awards, the 14th year of the initiative that honours the best ideas and innovations for aircraft cabins. Every year the shortlist for the awards, organised by Hamburg Aviation, is a glimpse into what passengers may soon encounter on board, as well as some of the latest and greatest airline investments.
In 2019, the coveted trophies were taken home by winners including Airbus, Collins Aerospace and United Airlines, who made it through selection rounds from a record initial 100 applications from 22 countries. Airbus won with the Lower Deck Pax Experience, a design with flexible compartments that enable an aircraft cargo area to be used by passengers. Collins Aerospace took a prize for its Flex Duet self-service area for snacks and drinks, while United Airlines won with 'Entertainment for All', an IFE system providing barrier-free accessibility for impaired passengers.
The submission phase for the 2020 Crystal Cabin Award runs until 18 October at www.crystal-cabin-award.com. The awards ceremony, as always, will take place as part of Aircraft Interiors Expo (31 March – 2 April 2020) at Hamburg's Chamber of Commerce. The 2019 ceremony demonstrated the Crystal Cabin Awards' status as the industry's leading accolade worldwide, with speakers such as Emirates CEO Sir Tim Clark taking to the stage.
Following the initial submission stage and subsequent review by the jury of 27 experts, three finalists in each category are invited to present their concepts to leading industry representatives at the Final Viewing.
"The competition honours clever, ground-breaking innovations in cabin fittings, promoting comfort and technological process in air travel," commented Hamburg's Governing Mayor, Dr Peter Tschentscher.
The eight Crystal Cabin Award categories:
Cabin Concepts
This category honours integrated cabin concepts already in deployment or just short of market-readiness. The category is aimed at manufacturers, design firms and airlines.
Cabin Systems
The Cabin Systems category brings together innovative products that deliver a significant benefit to aircraft operators in terms of operation and efficiency. Examples include galleys, toilet systems, trolleys, air conditioning and seats, judged primarily from efficiency perspectives such as weight and use of space.
In-flight Entertainment and Connectivity (IFEC)
This category encompasses the most rapidly growing group of products in the aviation industry: solutions for uninterrupted internet connectivity above the clouds along with in-flight entertainment concepts that incorporate the simple use of a passenger's own smartphone or tablet.
Greener Cabin, Health, Safety and Environment
Entrants to this category have to demonstrate that their product or concept achieves a significant reduction in environmental impact or a significant increase in wellbeing and/or safety standards for passengers, freight or live cargo.
Materials & Components
This category awards new materials for the cabin, along with means of using them, to reduce costs and increase user-friendliness.
Passenger Comfort Hardware
This category reflects the increasing expectations for passenger comfort. It is oriented at products that produce a significant increase in comfort for individual passengers or passenger groups. Examples include seats, baggage lockers and first class modules.
The University category provides students with the opportunity to present their trailblazing products and ideas for the aircraft cabin to industry specialists and the general public.
Visionary Concepts
This category rewards concepts for the aircraft cabin of the future. Above all, it is aimed at engineering and design studies that show what air travel could look like tomorrow.
The entry form, an overview of the winners in 2019 and a more thorough explanation of all categories in the Crystal Cabin Award can be found online HERE.
You can see all the winners and highlights of the 2019 awards ceremony HERE.
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The United States Army uses various personnel management systems to classify soldiers in different specialties which they receive specialized and formal training on once they have successfully completed Basic Combat Training (BCT).

Enlisted soldiers are categorized by their assigned job called a Military Occupational Specialty (MOS). MOS are labeled with a short alphanumerical code called a military occupational core specialty code (MOSC), which consists of a two-digit number appended by a Latin letter. Related MOSs are grouped together by Career Management Fields (CMF). For example, an enlisted soldier with MOSC 11B works as an infantryman (his MOS), and is part of CMF 11 (the CMF for infantry).

Commissioned officers are classified by their area of concentration, or AOC. Just like enlisted MOSCs, AOCs are two digits plus a letter. Related AOCs are grouped together by specific branch of the Army or by broader in scope functional areas (FA). Typically, an officer will start in an AOC of a specific branch and move up to an FA AOC.

Warrant officers are classified by warrant officer military occupational specialty, or WOMOS. Codes consists of three digits plus a letter. Related WOMOS are grouped together by Army branch.

The Army is currently restructuring its personnel management systems, as of 2019. Changes took place in 2004 and continued into 2013. Changes include deleting obsolete jobs, merging redundant jobs, and using common numbers for both enlisted CMFs and officer AOCs (e.g. "35" is military intelligence for both officers and enlisted).

Immaterial & Personnel Special Reporting Codes
Officer
00A Duties Unassigned
00B General Officer
00C Relieved from Duty; Sick in Hospital or Quarters
00D Newly Commissioned Officers Awaiting Entry on Active Duty for Officer Basic Course Attendance
00E Student Officer
01A Officer Generalist
01B Aviation/Infantry/Armor/MI Immaterial
01C Chemical/Engineer/MP Immaterial
01D Army Financial Management/Adjutant General immaterial
02A Combat Arms Generalist
02B Infantry/Armor Immaterial
02C Infantry/Armor/Field Artillery/Engineer Immaterial
03A Infantry/Armor Immaterial
05A Army Medical Department
09G Army National Guard (ARNG) on Active Duty Medical Hold
09H US Army Reserve (USAR) on Active Duty Medical Hold

Warrant
001A Unqual in Auth WO MOS
002A Patient
003A Student
004A Duties Unassigned
011A Brch/MOS Immaterial
019G Army National Guard on Active Duty Medical Hold
019H US Army Reserve on Active Duty Medical Hold

Enlisted
00F MOS Immaterial National Guard Bureau (NGB)
00G MOS Immaterial US Army Reserve (USAR)
00S Special Duty Assignment AFSC
00Z Command Sergeant Major
09B Trainee Unassigned
09C Trainee Language
09D College Trainee
09G Army National Guard (ARNG) on Active Duty Medical Hold
09H US Army Reserve (USAR) on Active Duty Medical Hold
09J GED Completion Program
09M March 2 Success
09N Nurse Corps Candidate
09R Simultaneous MBR Program
09S Commissioned Officer Candidate
09T College Student Army National Guard Officer Program
09U Prior Service or Branch Transfer without Defined MOS
09W Warrant Officer Candidate

Infantry Branch (IN)

Officer
11A Infantry Officer
Enlisted
11B Infantryman (includes soldiers formerly designated 11M [Mechanized] and 11H [Anti-armor]) 11B Infantryman is the basic infantry soldier MOS of the US Army.
11C Indirect Fire Infantryman (Mortarman)
11D Armor Reconnaissance Specialist
11E Armor Crewmen
11H Heavy Anti-armor Weapons Crewman
11M Fighting Vehicle Infantryman
11X Undetermined Infantry (Open Enlistment Option, B/C determined during training.)
11Z Infantry Senior Sergeant

Corps of Engineers Branch (EN)

Prior to 1999, the Engineer designations were 12 series and 83 series.
In 1999, CMF 83 changed to CMF 51.
In 2004, CMF 51 changed to CMF 21.
In 2004, the engineer designation changed from 12 to 21.
In 2009, the engineer designation was changed again, from CMF 21 to CMF 12.
In 2013, the engineer officer designations 12B (Combat Engineer) and 12D (Facilities/Contract Construction Management Engineer (FCCME)) were consolidated into 12A.

Officer
12A Engineer; General Engineer

Warrant
120A Construction Engineer Technician
125D Geospatial Information Technician

Enlisted
12A Engineer Senior Sergeant
12B Combat Engineer
12C Bridge Crewmember
12D Diver
12G Quarrying Specialist (RC)
12H Construction Engineering Supervisor
12K Plumber
12M Firefighter
12N Horizontal Construction Engineer
12P Prime Power Production Specialist
12Q Power Line Distribution Specialist (RC); No longer in use
12R Interior Electrician
12T Technical Engineer
12V Concrete and Asphalt Equipment Operator; No longer in use
12W Carpentry and Masonry Specialist
12X General Engineering Supervisor
12Y Geospatial Engineer
12Z Combat Engineering Senior Sergeant

Field Artillery Branch (FA)

Officer
13A Field Artillery Officer

Warrant
131A Field Artillery Technician

Enlisted
13B Cannon Crewmember
13F Fire Support Specialist
13J Fire Control Specialist (Formerly 13P and 13D)
13M Multiple Launch Rocket System/High Mobility Artillery Rocket System Crewmember
13R Field Artillery Firefinder Radar Operator
13Z Field Artillery Senior Sergeant/Sergeant Major

Air Defense Artillery Branch (ADA)

Officer
14A Air Defense Artillery Officer

Warrant
140A Command and Control Systems Integrator
140K Air And Missile Defense (AMD) Tactician
140L Air and Missile Defense (AMD) Technician (Patriot Systems Technician)
140Z Air Defense Artillery (ADA) Immaterial

Enlisted
14E PATRIOT Fire Control Enhanced Operator/Maintainer
14G Air Defense Battle Management System Operator
14H Air Defense Enhanced Early Warning System Operator
14P Air and Missile Defense Crewmember
14S Avenger Crew Member
14T PATRIOT Launching Station Enhanced Operator/Maintainer
14Z Air Defense Artillery (ADA) Senior Sergeant

Aviation Branch (AV)
Officer
15A Aviation Officer
15B Aviation Combined Arms Operations
15C Aviation All-Source Intelligence Officer
15D Aviation Maintenance Officer

Warrant
150A Air Traffic and Air Space Management Technician
150U Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations Technician
151A Aviation Maintenance Technician (Nonrated)
152C OH-6 Pilot
152E AH-64E Attack Pilot
152F AH-64A Attack Pilot
152G AH-1 Attack Pilot (RC)
152H AH-64D Attack Pilot
153A Rotary Wing Aviator (Aircraft Nonspecific)
153B UH-1 Pilot (RC)
153D UH-60 Pilot
153DD UH-60 MEDEVAC Pilot
153E MH-60 Pilot
153L UH-72A Pilot
153M UH-60M Pilot
154C CH-47D Pilot
154E MH-47 Pilot
154F CH-47F Pilot
155A Fixed Wing Aviator (Aircraft Nonspecific)
155E C-12 Pilot
155F Jet Aircraft Pilot (C-20F/J, )
155G O-5A/EO-5B/RC-7 Pilot
Enlisted
15B Aircraft Powerplant Repairer
15C MQ-1 (Gray Eagle) Operator
15D Aircraft Powertrain Repairer
15E RQ-5 (Shadow) Repairer
15F Aircraft Electrician
15G Aircraft Structural Repairer
15H Aircraft Pneudraulics Repairer
15K Aircraft Components Repair Supervisor
15M MQ-1 (Gray Eagle) Repairer
15N Avionic Mechanic
15P Aviation Operations Specialist
15Q Air Traffic Control Operator
15R AH-64 Attack Helicopter Repairer
15T UH-60 Helicopter Repairer
15U CH-47 Helicopter Repairer
15V Observation/Scout Helicopter Repairer (RC)
15W RQ-5 (Shadow) Operator
15X AH-64A Armament/Electrical/Avionics Systems Repairer
15Y AH-64D Armament/Electrical/Avionic Systems Repairer
15Z Aircraft Maintenance Senior Sergeant

Cyber Branch (CY)

Officer
17A Cyber Warfare Officer
17B Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Officer - Electronic Warfare
17D Cyber Capabilities Development Officer
17X Cyber Officer Designated

Warrant
170A Cyber Operations Technician
170B Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Technician - Electronic Warfare
170D Cyber Capabilities Developer Technician

Enlisted
17C Cyber Operations Specialist
17E Electronic Warfare Specialist

Special Forces (SF)

Officer
18A Special Forces Officer - CPT-COL

Warrant
180A Special Forces Warrant Officer - WO1-CW5

Enlisted
18B Special Forces Weapons Sergeant - SGT-SFC
18C Special Forces Engineer Sergeant - SGT-SFC
18D Special Forces Medical Sergeant - SGT-SFC
18E Special Forces Communications Sergeant - SGT-SFC
18F Special Forces Intelligence Sergeant - SSG-SFC
18X Special Forces Candidate
18Z Special Forces Senior Sergeant - MSG-CSM

Armor Branch (AR)

Officer
19A Armor Officer

Enlisted
19C Bradley Crewmember
19D Cavalry Scout
19K M1 Armor Crewman
19Z Armor Senior Sergeant

Signal Corps Branch (SC)

Officer
25A Signal, General

Warrant
255A Information Services Technician
255N Network Management Technician
255S Information Protection Technician
255Z Senior Network Operations Technician

Enlisted
25B Information Technology Specialist
25D Cyber Network Defender
25E Electromagnetic Spectrum Manager
25H Network Communication Systems Specialist
25S Satellite Communications Systems Operator/Maintainer
25U Signal Support Systems Specialist
25W Telecommunications Operations Chief
25X Chief Signal NCO
25Z Visual Information Operations Chief

Information Network Engineering Functional Area (FA 26)
Effective 1 October 2016, Functional Areas 24 and 53 were merged into FA 26.

Officer
26A Network Systems Engineer (formerly Functional Area 24A, Telecommunications Systems Engineer)
26B Information Systems Engineer (formerly Functional Area 53A, Information Systems Manager)
26Z Senior Information Network Engineer (26A and 26B merge at O6 to 26Z)

Judge Advocate General Branch (JA)

Officer
27A Judge Advocate
27B Military Judge

Warrant
270A Legal Administrator

Enlisted
27D Paralegal Specialist

Information Operations Functional Area (FA 30)
Officer
30A Information Operations Officer

Military Police Branch (MP)

Officer
31A Military Police

Warrant
311A CID Special Agent

Enlisted
31B Military Police
31D CID Special Agent
31E Internment/Resettlement Specialist
31K Working Dog Handler

Strategic Intelligence Functional Area (FA 34)
Officer
34A Strategic Intelligence Officer

Military Intelligence Branch (MI)
Officer
35D All Source Intelligence Officer
35E Counterintelligence Officer
35F Human Intelligence Officer
35G Signals Intelligence Officer

Warrant
350F All Source Intelligence Technician
350G Imagery Intelligence Technician
351Z Attaché Technician
351L Counterintelligence Supervisory Special Agent
351M Human Intelligence Collection Technician
351Y Area Intelligence Technician
352N Signal Intelligence Analysis Technician
352S Signals Collector Technician
353T Intelligence Systems Maintenance Technician
Enlisted
09L Interpreter/Translator
35F Intelligence Analyst
35G Geospatial Intelligence Imagery Analyst
35L Counterintelligence Special Agent
35M Human Intelligence Collector
35N Signals Intelligence Analyst
35P Cryptologic Linguist
35Q Cryptologic Network Warfare Specialist; No longer in use
35S Signals Collector/Analyst
35T Military Intelligence Systems Maintainer/Integrator
35V Signals Intelligence Senior Sergeant/Chief Signals Intelligence Sergeant
35X Intelligence Senior Sergeant/Chief Intelligence Sergeant
35Y Chief Counterintelligence/Human Intelligence Sergeant
35Z Signals Intelligence (Electronic Warfare) / Senior Sergeant/ Chief

Finance & Comptroller Branch (FC)

Officer
36A Financial Manager
Enlisted
36B Financial Management Technician

Psychological Operations Branch (PO)

Officer
37A Psychological Operations

Enlisted
37F Psychological Operations Specialist

Civil Affairs Branch (CA)

Officer
38A Civil Affairs Officer
38G Military Government Specialist
38S Special Operations Civil Affairs Officer

Enlisted
38B Civil Affairs Specialist
38R Civil Reconnaissance Sergeant
38W Civil Affairs Medic
38Z Civil Affairs Senior Sergeant

Space Operations Functional Area (FA 40)
Officer
 40A Space Operations
40C Army Astronaut

Adjutant General Corps (AG)

Officer
42B Human Resources Officer
42C Army Bands
42H Senior Human Resources Officer

Warrant
420A Human Resources Technician
420C Bandmaster

Enlisted
42A Human Resources Specialist
42R Musician
42S Special Band Member

Recruiting
79R Recruiter Noncommissioned Officer
79S Career Counselor
79T Recruiting and Retention NCO (ANG)
79V Army Reserve Career Counselor (USAR)

Public Affairs Functional Area (FA and CMF 46)
Officer
46A Public Affairs, General
46X Public Affairs, General
Enlisted
46S Public Affairs Mass Communications Specialist
46Z Chief Public Affairs NCO

Academy Professor Functional Area (FA 47)

Officer
47A USMA, Professor
47C USMA, Professor of English
47D USMA, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
47E USMA, Professor of Law
47F USMA, Professor of Systems Engineering
47G USMA, Professor of Foreign Languages
47H USMA, Professor of Physics
47J USMA, Professor of Social Sciences
47K USMA, Professor of History
47L USMA, Professor of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership
47M USMA, Professor of Chemistry
47N USMA, Professor of Mathematical Sciences
47P USMA, Professor of Geography and Environmental Engineering
47Q USMA, Professor and Associate Dean
47R USMA, Professor of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
47S USMA, Professor of Physical Education
47T USMA, Professor of Leader Development and Organizational Learning
47U USMA, Professor of Military Art and Science
47V USMA, Professor of Army Cyber

Foreign Area Officer Functional Area (FA 48)
Officer
48B Latin America
48C Europe (no longer used -- these officers are now designated 48E)
48D South Asia
48E Eurasia
48F China
48G Mideast/North Africa
48H Northeast Asia
48I Southeast Asia
48J Africa, South of the Sahara
48X Foreign Area Officer

Operations Research/Systems Analysis (ORSA) Functional Area (FA 49)
Officer
49A Operations Research/Systems Analysis
49W Trained, ORSA
49X Untrained, ORSA

Force Management Functional Area (FA 50)
Officer
50A Force Development

Army Acquisition Corps (FA and CMF 51)

Officer
51A Program Management
51C Contract Management
51R Systems Automation Acquisition and Engineering
51S Research and Engineering
51T Test and Evaluation
51Z Acquisitions

Noncommissioned Officer
51C Acquisition, Logistics & Technology (AL&T) Contracting NCO

Nuclear and Counter WMD Functional Area (FA 52)
Officer
52B Nuclear and Counter WMD Officer

Chaplain Branch (CH)
Officer
56A Command and Unit Chaplain
56D Clinical Pastoral Educator
56X Chaplain Candidate
Enlisted
56M Religious Affairs Specialist

Simulation Operations Functional Area (FA 57)
Officer
57A Simulation Operations Officer

Army Marketing Functional Area (FA 58)
Officer
58A Army Marketing Officer

Strategic Plans and Policy Functional Area (FA 59)
Officer
59A Strategist

Medical Department Branches

Medical Corps Branch (MC)
Officer
60A Operational Medicine
60B Nuclear Medicine Officer
60C Preventive Medicine Officer
60D Occupational Medicine Officer
60F Pulmonary Disease/Critical Care Officer
60G Gastroenterologist
60H Cardiologist
60J Obstetrician and Gynecologist
60K Urologist
60L Dermatologist
60M Allergist, Clinical Immunologist
60N Anesthesiologist
60P Pediatrician
60Q Pediatric Sub-Specialist
60R Child Neurologist
60S Ophthalmologist
60T Otolaryngologist
60U Child Psychiatrist
60V Neurologist
60W Psychiatrist
61A Nephrologist
61B Medical Oncologist/Hematologist
61C Endocrinologist
61D Rheumatologist
61E Clinical Pharmacologist
61F Internist
61G Infectious Disease Officer
61H Family Medicine
61J General Surgeon
61K Thoracic Surgeon
61L Plastic Surgeon
61M Orthopedic Surgeon
61N Flight Surgeon
61P Physiatrist
61Q Radiation Oncologist
61R Diagnostic Radiologist
61U Pathologist
61W Peripheral Vascular Surgeon
61Z Neurosurgeon
62A Emergency Physician
62B Field Surgeon

Dental Corps Branch (DC)
Officer
63A General Dentist
63B Comprehensive Dentist
63D Periodontist
63E Endodontist
63F Prosthodontist
63H Public Health Dentist
63K Pediatric Dentist
63M Orthodontist
63N Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
63P Oral Pathologist
63R Executive Dentist

Veterinary Corps Branch (VC)

Officer
64A Field Veterinary Service
64B Veterinary Preventive Medicine
64C Veterinary Laboratory Animal Medicine
64D Veterinary Pathology
64E Veterinary Comparative Medicine
64F Veterinary Clinical Medicine
64Z Senior Veterinarian (Immaterial)

Warrant
640A Food Safety Officer

Medical Specialist Corps Branch (SP)

Officer
65A Occupational Therapy
65B Physical Therapy
65C Dietitian
65D Physician Assistant
65X Specialist Allied Operations

Nurse Corps Branch (AN)

Officer
66B Public Health Nurse
66C Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse
66E Perioperative Nurse
66F Nurse Anesthetist
66G Obstetrics and Gyneco
66H Medical-Surgical Nurse
66N Generalist Nurse
66P Family Nurse Practitioner
66R Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
66S Critical Care Nurse
66T Emergency Room Nurse
66W Certified Nurse Midwife

Medical Service Corps Branch (MS)

Officer
67A Health Services
67B Laboratory Sciences
67C Preventive Medicine Sciences
67D Behavioral Sciences
67E Pharmacy
67F Optometry
67G Podiatry
67J Aeromedical Evacuation

Warrant
670A Health Services Maintenance Technician

Medical CMF
Enlisted
68A Biomedical Equipment Specialist
68B Orthopedic Specialist
68C Practical Nursing Specialist-(LPN/LVN)
68D Operating Room Specialist
68E Dental Specialist
68F Physical Therapy Specialist
68G Patient Administration Specialist (formerly 71G)
68H Optical Laboratory Specialist
68J Medical Logistics Specialist
68K Medical Laboratory Specialist
68L Occupational Therapy Specialist
68M Nutrition Care Specialist
68N Cardiovascular Specialist
68P Radiology Specialist
68Q Pharmacy Specialist
68R Veterinary Food Inspection Specialist
68S Preventive Medicine Specialist
68T Animal Care Specialist
68U Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Specialist
68V Respiratory Specialist
68W Combat Medic Specialist
68X Behavioral Health Specialist
68Y Eye Specialist
68Z Chief Medical NCO

Health Services FA
Officer
70A Health Care Administration
70B Health Services Administration
70C Health Services Comptroller
70D Health Services Systems Management
70E Patient Administration
70F Health Services Human Resources
70H Health Services Plans, Operations, Intelligence, Security, and Training
70K Health Services Materiel
Laboratory Sciences FA
Officer
71A Microbiology
71B Biochemistry
71E Clinical Laboratory
71F Research Psychology
Preventive Medicine Sciences FA
Officer
72A Nuclear Medical Science
72B Entomology
72C Audiology
72D Environmental Science and Engineering
Behavioral Sciences FA
Officer
73A Social Work
73B Clinical Psychology

Chemical Corps (CM)

Officer
74A Chemical, General

Warrant
740A Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Warrant Officer

Enlisted
74D Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Specialist (formerly 54E)

Logistics Corps

As of 1 Jan 2008, all officers from Quartermaster, Transportation and Ordnance branches who have attended the Captain's Career Course, with the exception of EOD officers (89E), are transitioned to the Logistics branch.

Officer
90A Multifunctional Logistician (LG)

Transportation Branch (TC)

Officer
88A Transportation, General
88B Traffic Management
88C Marine and Terminal Operations
88D Motor/Rail Transportation

Warrant
880A Marine Deck Officer
881A Marine Engineering Officer
882A Mobility Officer

Enlisted
88H Cargo Specialist
88K Watercraft Operator
88L Watercraft Engineer
88M Motor Transport Operator
88N Transportation Management Coordinator
88P Railway Equipment Repairer (RC)
88T Railway Section Repairer (RC)
88U Railway Operations Crew Member (RC)
88Z Transportation Senior Sergeant

Ammunition CMF, Mechanical Maintenance CMF & Ordnance Branch (OD)

Officer
89E Explosive Ordnance Disposal Officer
91A Materiel Maintenance and Munitions Management Officer

Warrant
890A Ammunition Warrant Officer
913A Armament Systems Maintenance Warrant Officer
914A Allied Trades Warrant Officer
915A Automotive Maintenance Warrant Officer
915E Senior Automotive Maintenance Warrant Officer
919A Engineer Equipment Maintenance Warrant Officer
948B Electronic Systems Maintenance Warrant Officer
948D Electronic Missile Systems Maintenance Warrant Officer
948E Senior Electronics Maintenance Warrant Officer

Enlisted
89A Ammunition Stock Control and Accounting Specialist
89B Ammunition Specialist
89D Explosive Ordnance Disposal Specialist
91A M1 Abrams Tank System Maintainer (formerly 63A)
91B Wheeled Vehicle Mechanic (formerly 63B)
91C Utilities Equipment Repairer (formerly 52C)
91D Power Generation Equipment Repairer (formerly 52D)
91E Allied Trades Specialist (formerly 91E and 91W)
91F Small Arms/Towed Artillery Repairer (formerly 45B)
91G Fire Control Repairer (formerly 45G)
91H Track Vehicle Repairer (formerly 63H)
91J Quartermaster and Chemical Equipment Repairer (formerly 63J)
91L Construction Equipment Repairer (formerly 62B)
91M Bradley Fighting Vehicle System Maintainer (formerly 63T)
91P Self Propelled Artillery Systems Maintainer (formerly 63D)
91S Stryker Systems Maintainer
91X Maintenance Supervisor (formerly 63X)
91Z Senior Maintenance Supervisor (formerly 63Z)
94A Land Combat Electronic Missile System Repairer (formerly 27E)
94D Air Traffic Control Equipment Repairer
94E Radio & Communications Security (COMSEC) Equipment Repairer
94F Computer/Detection Systems Repairer
94H Test Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE) Maintenance Support Specialist
94M Radar Repairer
94P Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) Repairer (formerly 27M)
94R Avionic and Survivability Repairer
94S PATRIOT System Repairer
94T AVENGER System Repairer
94W Electronic Maintenance Chief
94X Senior Missile Systems Maintainer
94Y Integrated Family of Test Equipment (IFTE) Operator/Maintainer
94Z Senior Electronic Maintenance Chief

Quartermaster Corps Branch (QM)

Officer
92A Quartermaster Officer
92D Aerial Delivery and Materiel

Warrant
920A Property Accounting Technician
920B Supply Systems Technician
921A Airdrop Systems Technician
922A Food Service Technician
923A Petroleum Systems Technician

Enlisted
92A Automated Logistical Specialist
92F Petroleum Supply Specialist
92G Culinary Specialist
92L Petroleum Laboratory Specialist
92M Mortuary Affairs Specialist
92R Parachute Rigger
92S Shower/Laundry and Clothing Repair Specialist
92W Water Treatment Specialist
92Y Unit Supply Specialist
92Z Senior Noncommissioned Logistician

See also
Air Force Specialty Code
Badges of the United States Army
United States Army branch insignia
List of United States Coast Guard ratings
List of United States Marine Corps MOS
List of United States Navy ratings
List of United States Navy staff corps

References

AR 611-1 Military Occupational Classification Structure Development and Implementation (PDF)
Smartbook DA PAM 611-21
Field Manual 7-21.13, Appendix F: Arms and Services of the Army
MOS charts United States Army PAMXXI Personnel Authorizations Module

External links
PAMXXI (Personnel Authorizations Module) Website
PAMXXI (Personnel Authorizations Module) Website - MOS Charts
US Army MOS List 2013 (Unofficial)
"Korean War Educator, Topics - Military Occupational Specialty (MOS)", Korean War Educator Foundation. Provides list of MOSs during the Korean War era.
Official Army career list
"What Was my MOS?  Vietnam-era MOS Codes", 4th Battalion (Mechanized)/23rd Infantry Regiment "Tomahawks" Association Website. Provides list of MOSs during the Vietnam War era.

United States Army job titles
MOS
 List

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Barns Courtney has revealed the track listing for his debut album and shared a new song, "Kicks"
Barns Courtney has revealed the track listing for his debut album, The Attractions Of Youth, and shared a pair of songs from the album, "Kicks" and "Never Let You Down." Capitol Records will release The Attractions Of Youth on September 29. The album pre-order is underway now at all digital retailers. Fans who pre-order the digital album will instantly receive "Kicks" and "Never Let You Down" plus Barns Courtney's new single, "Golden Dandelions," and three tracks that appeared originally on his debut EP — "Fire," "Glitter & Gold" and "Hellfire." Although Barns Courtney broke his foot in three places while diving off stage in July at Milwaukee's Summerstage, as documented HERE, he wasn't about to miss Lollapalooza. So, he performed from a hospital bed with crutches and a nurse in tow. Barns Courtney has a cameo in the video for Charli XCX's "Boys," which racked up 15 million views in its first week. He has opened for The Who at London's Wembley Stadium and has also supported Ed Sheeran, Elle King, Blur, Fitz and The Tantrums, Tom Odell and The Libertines. The Attractions Of Youth – Track Listing 1. Fire 2. Glitter & Gold 3. Hands 4. Golden Dandelions 5. Hellfire 6. Hobo Rocket 7. Hobo Outside Tesco, London 8. Champion 9. Kicks 10. Never Let You Down 11. Goodbye John Smith 12. Little Boy 13. Rather Die 14. The Attractions Of Youth

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tell Me U Luv Me - Guitar Tabs
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About Tell Me U Luv Me : Juice Wrld and Trippie Redd's third studio album, Legends Never Die . It was released on May 29, 2020 through Grade A Productions under exclusive license to Interscope Records . "Tell Me U Luv Me" was leaked on SoundCloud in January 2020 . In February, the track resurfaced on YouTube . The track was taken down on copyright grounds . The song was released on the birthday of Juice WRLD's girlfriend Ally Lotti, who teased lines from the track in less than an hour prior to its release . The song It was released in 2020. It was released as part of album Legends Never Die. The genre is emo rap trap. The track was release in 2020. Tell Me U Luv Me has a significant contribution from artist(s) Juice Wrld,Trippie Redd. It is related to the album(s) - Legends Never Die.
About Juice Wrld - His song "Lucid Dreams" has been played on the music streaming platform Spotify over one billion times . His earlier hit single "All Girls Are the Same" helped him gain a recording contract . "All Girls Are the Same" and "Lucid Dreams" were two of five singles that were included in Higgins' debut studio album Goodbye & Good Riddance (2018) The album went on to become certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . Higgins died on December 8, 2019, after suffering a seizure at Midway International Airport . His first posthumous album, Legends Never Die, was released on July 10, 2020 . Juice Wrld's most popular songs include - Lucid Dreams,Lucid Dreams,All Girls Are the Same. Juice Wrld's music is influenced by genre(s) - hip hop trap emo rap soundcloud rap.
About Trippie Redd - Trippie Redd's debut studio album Life's a Trip (2018) and second album ! ! (Life's A Love Letter to You) and "Topanga", both reached the Billboard Hot 100 . Michael Lamar White IV was born on June 18, 1999, in Canton, Ohio . His mother, Tonya White, was left to raise him as a single parent . White has an older brother who made music under the name "Dirty Redd" White moved to Atlanta, where he met rapper Lil Wop and was offered a deal with a record label . Trippie Redd's most popular songs include - A Love Letter to You,Love Scars,Dark Knight Dummo,Topanga. The most notable albums include - Life's a Trip,!. Trippie Redd's music is influenced by genre(s) - hip hop trap cloud rap alternative r&b emo rap soundcloud rap alternative rock.
About Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album) : Juice Wrld's first posthumous project following his death from a seizure after a drug overdose on December 8, 2019 . The album features guest appearances from Trippie Redd, Marshmello, Polo G, and Halsey . 26 of these were leaked onto the streaming platform SoundCloud by the user "999 WRLD" Juice's label (Grade A) and family released a statement regarding his unreleased music . Juice will honor his talents, his spirit, and the love he felt for his fans . We plan to honor Juice's talents and his spirit by sharing unreleased music and projects . It had a contribution from notable artists like Juice Wrld. It had an affiliation to bands - Legends Never Die. Its music is influenced by genres - emo rap.


A cyclist had to be cut free from his bike after crashing in Dunedin.
A Fire and Emergency New Zealand spokesman said they were required to cut a brake cable on the bike to free the rider after the crash about 12.45pm yesterday in Magnet St, near the Otago Yacht Club.
St John spokesman Gerard Campbell said the 50-year-old rider was taken to Dunedin Hospital with moderate injuries.


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This home will be amazing and available in summer 2019. Pre-construction sale is available with leaseback option. Don't miss out on this amazing opportunity to own a piece of Island paradise.
Contact Bill Reiman at 239-253-2278 for more details.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Mixed effects/nested model giving different EMS tables in R and Minitab, and I believe Minitab is incorrect. Anyone know why it would be wrong? I have a dataset at https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1PB_S7oX2Tqgz_BEUUcHfLOww0cNJ-IgN6B34UTequlw/edit?usp=sharing that shows a mixed model where Machine and Station are fixed effects and Power is a random effect. Power is also nested within Machine.
I have run this in R using gad and it produced some results I expected when I calculated by hand:
machines$machine_f <- as.fixed(machines$Machine)
machines$station_f <- as.fixed(machines$Station)
machines$power_r <- as.random(machines$Powre)
mod <- aov(Value^2~power_r%in%machine_f+machine_f*station_f+power_r%in%machine_f*station_f, machines)
gad(mod)

OUTPUT
Analysis of Variance Table

Response: Value^2
                            Df  Sum Sq Mean Sq  F value    Pr(>F)
machine_f                    2   77867   38933   0.0392  0.962068
station_f                    2   62646   31323   1.6142  0.274835
power_r:machine_f            3 2981661  993887 183.8735 < 2.2e-16 ***
machine_f:station_f          4   63673   15918   0.8203  0.556701
power_r:machine_f:station_f  6  116427   19405   3.5899  0.006841 **
Residual                    36  194590    5405
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

#generate the EMS table
estimates(mod)

$mse
                            Mean square estimates
machine_f                   "Res + power_r:machine_f + machine_f"
station_f                   "Res + power_r:machine_f:station_f + station_f"
power_r:machine_f           "Res + power_r:machine_f"
machine_f:station_f         "Res + power_r:machine_f:station_f + machine_f:station_f"
power_r:machine_f:station_f "Res + power_r:machine_f:station_f"
Residual                    "Res"

And then I do it Minitab using Stat -> ANOVA -> General Linear Model -> Fit General Linear Model
Then, in the random/nested menu I put Power nested in Machine, and select Power as Random. I fit it using lambda=2 in the box-cox transformation to get y^2, and then it produces these results:
Analysis of Variance for Transformed Response

Source                    DF    Seq SS      Contribution    Adj SS     Adj MS   F-Value P-Value
Machine                    2    77867       2.23%           77867      38933    0.04    0.962
Power(Machine)             3    2981661     85.27%          2981661    993887   51.22   0.000
Station                    2    62646       1.79%           62646      31323    1.61    0.275
Machine*Station            4    63673       1.82%           63673      15918    0.82    0.557
Station*Power(Machine)     6    116427      3.33%           116427     19405    3.59    0.007
Error                     36    194590      5.56%           194590     5405
Total                     53    3496863     100.00%

And for the EMS table:
Expected Mean Squares, using Adjusted SS
Source                         Expected Mean Square for Each Term
1   Machine                    (6) + 3.0000 (5) + 9.0000 (2) + Q[1, 4]
2   Power(Machine)             (6) + 3.0000 (5) + 9.0000 (2)
3   Station                    (6) + 3.0000 (5) + Q[3, 4]
4   Machine*Station            (6) + 3.0000 (5) + Q[4]
5   Station*Power(Machine)     (6) + 3.0000 (5)
6   Error                      (6)

Now, the only differences between these two tables is the factor of Power nested within Machine. This means that Minitab and R are consistently using a different denominator for multiple other effects, but Minitab seems to miscalculate the nested effect. I have done this multiple times in R and Minitab rearranging the factors in both to determine if the EMS was shifting due to that, but that was not the problem.
The EMS table provided by R matches up with the work I did by hand, so I am almost certain Minitab is incorrect here. I am also almost certain there is probably something in Minitab I can do to correct this. Does anyone know how I can work in Minitab to produce the correct EMS table with the correct F test? Or will I have to do this in R because this is a shortcoming for Minitab?

A: I think the reason why Minitab is giving you a different EMS than R is because it's either using a restricted mixed model or unrestricted mixed model. I'm not sure if R is using a restricted model or unrestricted model, but whatever it's using, Minitab is using the opposite. I'd say play around with Minitab and see if you can switch from restricted to unrestricted mixed model and see what you get...
-Amateur student in biostatistics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: communication between apps via win messages i'm trying to let 2 application communicate with each other using windows message.
however, i've been getting AccessViolationException (attempted to read or write protected memory) during allocating memory and marshaling of data.
Can someone explain to me what's wrong or suggest a better way?
Thanks.
EDIT: using WM_COPYDATA as suggested, but now i've got another problem - the other application isn't receiving the WM_COPYDATA message. what's wrong?
code for sending msg:
public const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
    public int dwData;
    public int cbData;
    public DATA lpData;
}

public struct DATA
{
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=50)]
    public char[] msg1;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=50)]
    public char[] msg2;
}

[DllImport("User32.dll")]
public static extern int SendMessage(int hWnd, int Msg, IntPtr wParam, ref COPYDATASTRUCT lParam);

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // data, with null terminated strings
    COPYDATASTRUCT cds = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
    cds.lpData.msg1 = textBox2.Text.PadRight(50, '\0').ToCharArray();
    cds.lpData.msg2 = textBox3.Text.PadRight(50, '\0').ToCharArray();
    cds.cbData = Marshal.SizeOf(cds.lpData);
    int result = SendMessage(hwnd, WM_COPYDATA, System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainWindowHandle, ref cds); // winAPI

}

code for receiving msg (in the other app):
protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
{
    if (m.Msg == WM_COPYDATA)
    {
        // doesn't get into this part

        COPYDATASTRUCT cds = (COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(typeof(COPYDATASTRUCT));
        ....
    }
    base.WndProc(ref m);
}

A: Pointers in Windows (and other modern operating systems) are process-relative.  You are sending a pointer to an address in your source process' virtual memory.  In the destination process, this same virtual memory location may not be mapped, and if it is mapped, it will be to something completely different.
To copy data between processes, use the WM_COPYDATA message and the Windows OS COPYDATASTRUCT.  The OS gives these special handling: it copies the referenced data between the processes, and gives the destination process a pointer to the copied data in the destination process' memory space.
In addition, your Marshal.StructureToPtr call looks wrong.  Your struct contains two pointers (because char[] is a reference type), so you are copying two pointers into your HGLOBAL, rather than the contents of the byte arrays.  You may be able to use MarshalAsAttribute(UnmanagedType.ByValArray) to get around this but you will need to add sizing info in this case.  A simpler solution may be to use the Marshal.Copy method to copy the arrays into the unmanaged memory.
Finally, if you control both applications and can use .NET 3.0 or above, consider hosting a WCF service and sending the data that way.  You will probably find that easier than using Windows messages, because it will handle the serialisation and deserialisation of the data for you -- but I realise this may not be an option for you or that you may have already ruled it out.

A: You need to send a WM_COPYDATA message.
See this thread.

A: To answer your edited question:
Are you sure that you have the right HWND?
Use Spy++ to make sure that the HWND is correct, and check whether Spy++ sees the message.
Make sure that you've defined the WM_COPYDATA constant correctly in both apps.


My mother grew up in a small village in Mexico D.F., the capital of Mexico, where cooking was a tradition and a career for her and her family.
I remember my mom making tamales as a small child in Mexicali. My mother, grandmother and tias would spend the entire day preparing the food, singing and talking about the weeks events,gossiping, sharing advise and celebrating family. Today this tradition has been passed on to my siblings and I to continue the legacy.
Tamales are a time consuming recipe. However, the bonds that have been built over the counters and table preparing this delicious recipe will last a lifetime.
1. Place tomatillos, pasilla chiles and jalapeños on a foiled-lined baking sheet or broiler pan. Set under broiler, turning once until dark on both sides.
2. Transfer pasilla chiles to a zip-close plastic bag and seal closed. Let chiles steam in bag for 15 to 20 minutes. Skin and seed pasillas, cut into thick strips and set aside.
3. Place tomatillos, jalapeños, garlic, onion, and 2 teaspoons of the sea salt in a blender. Pulse 8 to 10 times to combine. If sauce is too thick, add one teaspoon of water as needed. Add more salt, if necessary to taste.
4. Measure and set aside 1 1/2 cups of tomatillo sauce. Place remaining sauce in a large mixing bowl. Add chicken and pasilla chiles and mix well.
5. Combine masa, remaining 2 to 3 teaspons sea salt, baking powder, and reserved tomatillo sauce in another bowl. Stir until completely blended.
6. To assemble tamales: Drain cornhusks, remove and red corn silk, and stack. Lay 1 cornhusk flat, smooth side up. Place about 3 tablespoons of masa mixture on the bottom half of the cornhusk and smooth with the back of a large soup spoon. Add 1 to 2 teaspoons of tomatillo-chicken filling in the middle.
7. Locate the long side with a 2 inch space with no masa. Fold that over, slightly overlapping the other side so the edges of the dough meet. Wrap the extra husk around the back. Then fold the broad end over the top and then the longer narrow end over the broad end.
8. Create strips of husk by cutting or tearing 1/4 inch lengths off of some of the smaller or unusable husks. Use these to tie across the middle of the tamales to hold the flaps down.
9. Set tamales upright in a steamer. You can buy large steamers made just for this purpose. You may have something else you can use to create the same effect. The key is to have a small amount of boiling water on the bottom of the pot and a colander or mesh of some sort to keep the tamales away from the water.
Let Simmer for about 90-120 minutes.


text:
Shaka Hislop
(Video) Ex-PL 'keeper "not quite sure who Liverpool are this season" ahead of clash with Real Madrid
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(Video) ESPN pundit predictions ahead of tomorrow's Anfield clash between Liverpool and Arsenal in the Premier League
Peter Kenny Jones - November 19, 2021 16:59
There have already been plenty of predictions for tomorrow's game between Liverpool and Arsenal and now the ESPN pundits have added theirs...
'Astonishing…' Shaka Hislop cannot believe Clattenburg admission of Manchester United bias
Biscan's Boots - January 15, 2021 8:58
We couldn't quite believe it yesterday when Mark Clattenburg, a referee in the Premier League between 2004 and 2017, made a throwaway...
Pundits outline the massive title race advantage the Reds hold over Manchester City
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Liverpool have been handed a boost in the Premier League title race, according to three ESPN pundits, who say that Aymeric Laporte's...
Forward urged to turn down the Reds in worrying transfer trend
Matt Addison - August 1, 2019 8:06
ESPN pundit Shaka Hislop has advised RB Leipzig forward Timo Werner not to sign for the Reds – because he will not...


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I have several of the Alexa devices (kindle, dots, spots, echo, original show) this device is different for 2 reasons, speakers and size of screen. This is a great kitchen companion. The screen is large enough to view from across the room. Before adding an ingredient to a dish, you can confirm the measurement without walking away from the stove, bowl, mixer e.t.c. It has great speakers so you can fill the room with sound as you prepare your gourmet dish. I am hesitant about putting it in the bedroom, video calling :). When I purchased my show, Amazon offered a free smart light bulb. I wish they would bring back that offer. Not that I would buy another show, but it might help others purchase one, if they were considering having a smart home.
I purchased my Akexa Show from an Amazon kiosk in a mall. That is why this post doesn't detail "verified purchaser".
Edited 10/19/18: After 2 updates, the volume problem mentioned in my review is fixed. When using normal volume speech, but with the Echo volume set fairly low, Alexa now answers at a suitably low volume. And today, I was able to activate the new Whispermode, which works great! You whisper to Alexa, she whispers back to you.
I upgraded from the first generation Echo Show. I'll get my one real complaint out of the way first. On the second generation Show, you can lower the volume for music and videos, but not for the Alexa voice. Even with the volume set very low, so I can listen to music without disturbing anyone, if I need to interact with Alexa, her response will be very loud. This didn't happen with the first generation Echo. On that one, if I turned down the volume, everything was turned down, including Alexa. I did send feedback to Amazon about this, and I see someone else here commented on the problem. I'm eagerly awaiting the new whispermode, which isn't on my device yet, but really, I just want the voice volume to work the same way it did on the first generation.
I do really like the bigger screen size, which is a pleasure to watch. I'm also enjoying using the Silk browser to access YouTube. (You get to it by saying "Alexa, open Silk." ) You can't use voice to search for YouTube videos, but if you're willing to sign into a YouTube account, you can access your saved video lists and get to the videos quickly that way. I also used the browser to access my local PBS TV station and watched some on demand video on that.


Harold H. Kassarjian (1995) ,"Some Recollections From a Quarter Century Ago", in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 22, eds. Frank R. Kardes and Mita Sujan, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 550-552.
The registration fee of $45.00 includes all meals (breakfast, lunch and dinners for the three days as well as coffee breaks), registration materials, and a copy of the conference proceedings.
However it did not include the "hotel" charges. Room rates were $8.00 for a single and $12.00 for double occupancy. The following year in Chicago the registration including lunches and dinners stayed the same $45.00 but room rates jumped to $9.50 per person per night, and for those who came by car, parking was an exorbitant fifty cents per entry.
Indeed, it was a different time. It academia, the cognitive revolution had started in psychology. Universities were in a growth spurt and we were headed for the moon to everyone's disbelief and amazement. The Ford and Carnegie reports criticizing the state of business schools was beginning to have an effect.
Little by little, thinking and ideas from scientific disciplines began to infiltrate into marketing. New names had appeared and were making an impact: Bob Ferber, Paul Green, Al Kuehn, Al Silk, Everett Rogers, Bob Holloway, Jag Sheth, and of course, Joel Cohen, Bill Wells and Jerry Kernan. New ideas and weird approaches were being introduced to marketing: laboratory research, mathematical models, empiricism, simulation, and positivism ... the era of data analysis had arrived.
But it was also a difficult time in academia. The country soon found itself in another war. Campuses, at times, looked more like a war zone with helmeted troops, rifles, and tear gas, rather than a quiet sanctuary. Marketing was perceived as the hand maiden of the military-industrial complex. Enrollment in classes dropped precipitously. Academic jobs dried up. The Young Turks-today's old-geezers-vainly tried to distance themselves from the establishment. Led by the likes of Kotler and Levy we broadened the marketing concept to include not only sellers of coffee and tooth paste, but also hospitals, charities, universities, social causes, and of course, the government with the help of the likes of Mary Gardner Jones and the Federal Trade Commission. Many of us were loudly proclaiming that consumer research could be used for the good as well as the evils of trade-that we could be relevant to the protection of consumers as well as their exploitation. We proclaimed that we are not the hand-maidens of industry.
In those days, some of us were in academia, for example, Bill Wells; others stayed in industry, for example, Joel Cohen; and still others of us went to Washington behind Bill Wilkie and Dave Gardner to work for the government: The Federal Trade Commission, the White House, The Postal Commission, and the Food and Drug Administration. It was exciting times, and our goals were more or less similar, modeler and behaviorist alike, academic, industry and government types alike. And so, the Association for Consumer Research emerged, an interdisciplinary group of ragtag psychologists, home economists, government regulators, advertising and marketing practitioners, operations researchers, marketing professors, and assorted others interested in the behavior of the consumer.
By the late 1960's there were more and more consumer behavior types coming into the field. Some were newly minted doctoral students and others were stepping over from sister disciplines. The Journal of Marketing Research, edited by Ferber, had recently begun publication was being overwhelmed by behavioral articles. For us, who were doing the research, it was getting harder and harder to find outlets for our work. In addition, the American Marketing Association in its usual conservative ways had been preventing too many behavioral articles from appearing in their program, in their proceedings, and in the Journal of Marketing Research. We had started to overwhelm the traditional marketing type articles of the era-a condition that the establishment at AMA considered unacceptable. Where ever behavioral types got together, there was talk of a new association and a new journal. Both were needed.
As you have heard over and over again, some time in early 1969, Jim Engel and the Ohio State Consumer Behavior group got a small seed grant, ironically from the AMA, for a workshop to be held at Ohio State. I don't know how the list of participants was selected but it included most everyone at the time in the field of consumer behavior. From bits and pieces and from failing memory, I recall a few events.
I had presented my study on the role of Blacks in Advertising. I shall never forget it. That Summer I was taking a trip to the Soviet Union. I had not finished the data processing or writing up the paper for the meeting so I took along computer output, and one day sat in a hotel and tried to finish writing the paper. It was mostly done that day except and I put all my handwritten yellow sheets of paper, tables, computer output, and scribblings in my new Samsonite brief case. A few days later when I was leaving, problems started. It was the time of the cold war, the Berlin wall, sabre rattling, Cuba, and both sides wary of the other.
So along comes Kassarjian trying to get out of the Soviet Union with a brief case crammed with numbers on computer paper, tables about Negroes (it was Negroes then, and not yet Blacks or African-Americans), and Jews and Mexicans and Chinese, and who knows what else. I had tables and tables of numbers. I had a hellova time explaining to Soviet officials in English what my notes on yellow pads were about. And what all the numbers meant. I feebly tried to explain that it was the percentages of blacks in ads in Goodhousekeeping and TIME and had absolutely nothing to do with the Soviet Union. I don't remember much anymore, I don't remember what was said and what stupid answers I gave, but I do remember being put into a car in a most unfriendly manner, taken to the plane that was awaiting me on the field, assured my baggage would arrive, wished a good trip and an invitation to return to Mother Russia.
Upon landing in Germany my next task was to get the paper typed up. A day more of writing, and the two days of typing with the help of my wife, Traute, on an ancient typewriter with a German Keyboard led to the final paper. Next a trip to the Post Office and my paper was off to Ohio State. A few days later (maybe it was a week or more), I was off to Ohio State. The conference papers had been duplicated and distributed, mine with all the typing errors and German characters.
All of the materials at the conference had on them the ACR logo. Ever wonder where that logo came from? It was created and designed by one of the staff people at the Ohio State extension programs to fill white space on the program. It has stayed substantially the same since. In a way the creation of that logo neatly represents ACR, in my opinion. Unlike other organizations, we did not spend hundreds of thousands of dollars designing a logo, ... it just sort of happened.
Housing at Ohio State was on campus. It may have been in executive program housing. I don't remember. But I do remember that it had a charm to it. There was more of a comraderie than one can find at a Marriott Palace or a Hilton Castle. Most of our meals were on campus, the student union or the faculty club or something. There was a bus from the meeting room to the dorms, but it was within walking distance. I remember walking back one late afternoon with several others: Stu Bither from Penn State for sure, perhaps Venkatesan and Joel Cohen, and perhaps Jerry Kernan. It was a hot day and we stopped at a little cafe for a beer, sitting at a creaky old table in front. The reaction of all of us was that this was a wonderful fantastic, fabulous meeting and that we simply must continue. We must meet again. There was an electricity in the air. Consumer Researchers had met together and talked for three days about studies and about research and about each-other's work.
That topic of conversation was being held in other places and that evening it was the common belief that we would continue. The next day, Saturday, we listened to more papers and that afternoon, one of the session was entitled something like, " a wrap-up" or "summary" or "future". Engel, I thought, but maybe it was Kollat, suggested at that session that we organize into a new organization. When it was over, I remember seeing Jim smile. His eyes proclaimed, we pulled it off, a great conference, and now a new association has been formed. I figured that Jim and his associates had the same idea that other clumps of attendees had. That we wanted it to continue. I remember saying that we needed money for mailings and to get started. Jim passed a hat around. I think it was Flemming Hansen who suggested that faculty should toss in $10 and students $5. ACR dues stayed at that level for many years. We all went away from that session very excited and that evening at cocktails and dinner the one consistent topic of conversation was the new association, the next meeting, a chair for the following year, and those sorts of issues. Jim Engel agreed to be the chairman of the new group until the following year when we could organize with a constitution and all those sorts of finery.
I don't remember much about the papers that were presented. On my session I think Tom Robertson and Jim Myers presented their stuff on diffusion. Doug Tigert introduced his work on psychographics.
Paul Green had a paper on multidimensional scaling. He was hot on that topic at that time. Ven was doing a lot of experimental work running subjects and he was on the program. It was here that Cohen and Goldberg presented their paper on instant coffee and cognitive dissonance that we had all worked on in 1968 at Illinois. Wells presented his paper on life style with the irreverent title, "It's Very Important for People to Wash Their Hands Before Eating Each Meal." Jim Engel, in his endearing article in the June 1994 ACR Newsletter presents more detail on what really happened, or at least what he thinks really happened.
During the rest of that year there was lots of phone calls and letters written back and forth. The next meeting was to be in 1970 at the University of Massachusetts, partially because Venkatesan was there and he agreed to be in charge of arrangements. The program chairman was Joel Cohen. I do know that Cohen had to pledge his soul, or at least a large amount of money to the "hotel" or to somebody, since the association did not have a track record and there was no reason why it should be believed that we could pay our bills. What gall Cohen had in those days.
I remember that Bettman was at Amherst at that first true ACR meeting, as was Bill Wilkie. Bob Ferber was there, Also, Jerry Kernan, Bill Wells, and I think Flemming Hansen-program chair of the 1995 ACR Europe conference. Jim Engel was there. Wilkie has a wonderful story on how the program chair for the following year was selected. Please ask him about it. It is hilarious and sort of true, although I think it must have been embellished a bit making it even funnier.
"The first meeting of the Association for Consumer Research was held in Amherst, at the University of Massachusetts, on August 28-30, 1970. A great deal of enthusiasm, along with (some) hesitation, lead to the formation of the Association. About 120 people attended the first meeting under the directorship of M. Venkatesan. The university types were from Marketing, Psychology, Home Economics, Sociology, Agricultural Economics, and assorted others.
Since the meetings were held just prior to the American Marketing Association meetings in Boston, naturally the greatest representation came from marketing departments, although the response from other (academic departments), government and industry was not insignificant.
At the various formal and informal business meetings, the purposes of the organization began to emerge. Clearly, the overwhelming desire was to make the membership interdisciplinary. Hence we decided that the 1971 meetings would be held just before the American Psychological Association Convention in Washington. It was planned that in future years, we will meet in proximity to other associations, to make it convenient for all of us.
A new journal to be published on a quarterly basis is also now much more than merely a vision to be argued about. At a spontaneous advisory board meeting held in December, Joel Cohen was railroaded into investigating the possibility of housing the journal at the University of Illinois. He has been furiously gathering information, cost figures, negotiating with commercial publishers and such. At the 1971 meetings he will present a report and request approval of our amazing publishing venture. It is quite possible that the first issue of a new journal can emerge by early 1972. Full details will be presented at the 1971 meetings ... .
It was, indeed, a different time. We had formed a new association-an interdisciplinary group that was not beholden to the establishment or the military-industrial complex so maligned at that time. It was fun, the conferences tended toward the irreverent and people worked together to get things done because it was fun. I remember in 1977 our conference hotel, just shortly before we were to meet, pushed us out because they had a larger group with more clout that wanted the hotel that weekend. Keith Hunt and I, as program chair and president, flew to Chicago and that afternoon selected a new hotel, the O'Hare Hilton. In just days, everything was reorganized and changed to fit the new venue. Well, almost everything. Disaster struck when we realized that Hunt had forgotten to bring the ACR football for the annual ACR football game. Keith Hunt, as only Keith Hunt can do, managed to persuade the hotel manager to run from O'Hare to downtown Chicago to buy us a football. Somehow, playing football in front of the O'Hare Airport with planes landing and taking off, traffic, noise, and amazed travelers looking on, has to be a major highlight of that year.
There are many other highlights that you have heard about and will hear more about in these three days. To me, the most exciting of all those events was first, the start of this organization. And second, the start of our amazing publishing venture-the birth of the Journal of Consumer Research. But that is another story to be told at another time-in fact, tomorrow evening.
We, ... well at least I, will not be here twenty-five years from now for the celebration of our 50th Anniversary. Others will take our place on this podium to talk about the previous 25 years. I hope they will be able to tell a generation of consumer researchers who are today yet in diapers, that they too had fun. I hope they will say that at the end of the twentieth century and beginning of the twenty-first century consumer research continued to be as exciting and as interesting as ever, but most of all, it continued to be irreverent and fun!


Shares of Urban Outfitters, Inc. (NASDAQ: URBN) were trading up more than 6 percent in Monday's after-hours session, following the announcement of the company's fourth quarter results. The retailer posted earnings of $0.61 per share, $0.05 above the Street's consensus. Revenue of $1.013 billion came in slightly lower than estimates of $1.02 billion.
Even larger gains were registered by Linn Energy LLC (NASDAQ: LINE), which was up more than 13 percent after the bell rang. The stock had surged 95 percent during the regular trading session, along with many other energy stocks, on the back of a recuperation in energy prices. The rise seen after the bell looked like a continuation of the gains witnessed over the day.
Axiall Corp (NYSE: AXLL) was up about 11.2 percent, as Westlake Chemical Corporation (NYSE: WLK) once again reached out to the former's shareholders, urging them to push for the latter's corporate takeover proposal. Westlake has offered $20 per share for Axiall, which is currently trading above $21 a share.


 Acid-resisting Asbestos rubber sheet - China Acid-resisting Asbestos rubber sheet Supplier,Factory - Cixi Aiflon Sealing Materials Co.,Ltd.
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text:
Secrets of the Black Box
Flight-data recordings are used to chronicle air disasters.
KAL Flight 007
Flight-data recordings chronicle the story of Korean Air Flight 007, which was shot down by Soviet interceptors in 1983 when it accidentally flew into Soviet airspace. All 269 passengers and crew, including a U.S. congressman, died.
Flight-data recordings reveal the story of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, which made an emergency landing in Honolulu in 1988 against great odds when a section of the roof and sides ripped away, forcing a flight attendant out of the plane.


text:
Raipur Indian Restaurant in Pevensey Bay enters local entertainment arena in 2020: The remarkable Nasar Elvis Tribute Act
Roadmaster hits the streets to target potholes across East Sussex
POTHOLES in East Sussex are set to have a 'blast' this summer as high-tech machinery hits the streets
Starting on Tuesday (28) East Sussex Highways will deploy a fleet of three Roadmaster machines, which will tour the county repairing potholes, cracks and other defects.
The state-of-the-art vehicles – similar to the Jetpatchers the council has used in previous years – work by blasting in high-pressure air to clean out potholes, cracks and crevices, which are then quickly filled with a mixture of bitumen and fine stone and grit.
The scheme begins in Burwash, Battle and Blackboys, with other areas set to benefit during the three-month programme including Bexhill, Eastbourne, Hailsham, Hastings, Lewes and Seaford.
Cllr Claire Dowling, East Sussex County Council lead member for transport and environment, said: "Potholes are a primary concern for residents and it's important they are fixed as quickly and efficiently as possible.
"Using the Roadmaster means the job can be done without the driver leaving their cab and the road can be reopened immediately, meaning it's far quicker and more cost-effective than traditional methods and causes less disruption and congestion.
"By using three of these machines, we are able to cover a large area of the county in a relatively short period of time to ensure our roads are in good condition before the autumn begins.
"It also results in less waste as the vehicles can carry enough material to last a whole day, which means fewer return trips to depots and therefore lower carbon emissions."
Each week, details of specific locations to receive a visit from the Roadmaster will be announced on the East Sussex Highways Facebook page and Twitter feed @esccroads
Joel Mitchell, Managing Director of Stagecoach South East—2020…
Growing calls around the world for urgent action on climate…
Expect delays: Two-week overnight road closure on A259
Motorists in East Sussex encouraged to be #deeraware and stay…
Council supported Xmas present for those suffering fuel poverty
Categories: top stories


text:
Exiles, Valyrians, Kings of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men,
Members of House Targaryen
Deceased individuals
Crownlanders
Viserys Targaryen
Why Viserys Targaryen Could Never Have Been King
"Viserys Targaryen" redirects here. This article is about the brother of Daenerys Targaryen. For other characters who share the same name, see Viserys Targaryen (disambiguation).
"Winter Is Coming"
"A Golden Crown"
5 episodes (see below)
"The Wolf and the Lion"
"You Win or You Die"
"Robert's Rebellion"
"The Sack of King's Landing"
"A Man Without Honor"
"Robert's Rebellion II"
"Dragonstone"
"Stormborn"
"The Queen's Justice"
"Beyond the Wall"
"The Last Dragons"
"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms"
"The Iron Throne"
King of the Andals and the First Men (claimant)
Lord of the Seven Kingdoms (claimant)
Protector of the Realm (claimant)
Viserys of the House Targaryen, the Third of His Name
The Beggar King
Khal Rhaggat ("Cart King")
Khal Rhae Mhar ("Sorefoot King")
22 in Season 1
276 AC
298 AC at Vaes Dothrak
Burned with molten gold by Khal Drogo
Death shown in episode
Valyrian
{Aerys II Targaryen}
{Rhaella Targaryen}
{Rhaegar Targaryen}
{Daenerys Targaryen}
"I want us both to go home, but they took it from us. So tell me, sweet sister, how do we go home? ...We go home with an army."
―Viserys to his sister, Daenerys[src]
Viserys Targaryen was the younger brother of the late Rhaegar Targaryen and the older brother of Daenerys Targaryen. Viserys and Daenerys were the remnants of the exiled House Targaryen following Robert's Rebellion against their father Aerys II Targaryen, the Mad King. He claimed the Iron Throne as King Viserys III after his father was overthrown and killed in Robert's Rebellion, but never returned to Westeros, as he was killed by his brother-in-law Khal Drogo before he could take the throne.
Viserys as a child before he went into exile.
Viserys is the second son and heir of King Aerys II Targaryen, the former ruler of the Seven Kingdoms. During Robert's Rebellion, after Viserys's older brother Rhaegar was killed at the Battle of the Trident, his father sent Viserys and his pregnant mother, Queen Rhaella, to safety on Dragonstone island. King Aerys was soon killed during the Sack of King's Landing along with Rhaegar's widow and children, and thus at the age of only five Viserys became the titular head of House Targaryen, though by this point the war was officially lost.[1]
Viserys and Daenerys live as urchins.
Not long afterward, his mother died in childbirth, while the forces of Robert Baratheon closed in on the island. Before they could arrive, Viserys and his newborn sister Daenerys were smuggled to safety in the Free Cities, across the Narrow Sea on the continent of Essos. Bereft of followers, Viserys spent the next 17 years traveling between the Free Cities trying to find new supporters for an attempt to retake the Iron Throne. At times, however, he was left literally begging for food and shelter, much less an army.[2][3]
Viserys claims the title of Lord of the Seven Kingdoms and refers to Robert Baratheon only as "the Usurper". After years spent fruitlessly wandering the Free Cities seeking military support to retake his throne, Viserys and Daenerys became guests of the powerful Magister Illyrio Mopatis of Pentos.
Viserys plans his sister's wedding day in Pentos.
In the Free City of Pentos, across the Narrow Sea, Viserys and Daenerys Targaryen enjoy the hospitality of Magister Illyrio Mopatis. Viserys has arranged to wed Daenerys (whom he also calls "Dany") to Khal Drogo, the warlord of a Dothraki khalasar of forty thousand warriors. In return, Drogo will give Viserys the manpower he needs to reclaim the Iron Throne. Viserys fondles a naked Daenerys before her bath, on the pretext of "seeing how much she has grown". Daenerys does not want to marry the Khal, but Viserys insists that she will.[4]
Viserys kisses Daenerys on her forehead.
A short time later, Drogo arrives at Illyrio's estate. After taking a glance at Daenerys, Drogo rides away without dismounting from his horse. Viserys is concerned, but Illyrio assures him that, if he did not approve of Daenerys, they would have known. After their departure, Illyrio and Viserys discuss the quest to sail back to Westeros, and Viserys inquires when the wedding will take place. Daenerys is not pleased with the arrangement and blurts out that she does not want to marry Drogo. Viserys insists that Daenerys will marry him, because in return, Drogo will give Viserys the army he needs to retake their father's throne from Robert Baratheon. Viserys adds that he would let his sister be raped by all forty thousand of Drogo's men and their horses if it meant getting his throne back.
Viserys broods with Illyrio during Daenerys's wedding.
Daenerys marries Drogo and a great celebration is held on the shore outside Pentos. Several Dothraki die in impromptu duels, which Illyrio says is a good sign: "a Dothraki wedding without at least three deaths is considered a dull affair." The bride and groom receive many gifts, but for Dany two are particularly interesting. The first is a box containing three beautiful stones. According to Illyrio these are petrified dragon eggs from the Shadow Lands beyond Asshai. The second is a selection of books containing stories and songs from the Seven Kingdoms, given by Ser Jorah Mormont, an exiled knight of House Mormont.
Ser Jorah swears fealty to Viserys as King and offers him his support and advice. For his gift, Drogo gives Daenerys a beautiful silver mare. Viserys instructs his sister to make Drogo happy before Drogo takes her away to consummate the union.[4] Viserys decides to travel with Drogo's khalasar until the bargain is fulfilled. Jorah suggests that Viserys remain at Illyrio's manse but Viserys ignores the advice to ensure that Drogo does not go back on his word. He tells Viserys that he offended his liege lord by selling poachers into slavery. When he received word that may be executed for the crime, he fled to Essos. Viserys laughs at the notion, saying such trivialities would not be punished under his reign.[5]
Rakharo protects Daenerys from Viserys.
While traversing the western edge of the Dothraki sea, near Qohor, Daenerys orders the khalasar to halt. Viserys is furious at Daenerys giving him orders and threatens her with a sword. Rakharo, her bodyguard, disarms Viserys and offers to kill him, but Daenerys spares his life, which is done through Irri's translation. He is forced to walk rather than ride, a tremendous sign of weakness among the Dothraki. When even Ser Jorah will not take his side, Daenerys realizes that Viserys will never succeed in retaking Westeros. He could not lead an army, even if her husband gave him one, but still prays for her and Viserys to go home. Daenerys becomes pregnant with Drogo's child.[6]
After his horse is taken away, the Dothraki derisively refer to him as Khal Rhaggat (Cart King) and Khal Rhae Mhar (Sorefoot King). The Dothraki feel that a man is only truly a man if he rides on his own horse: only the sick or elderly would ride in a cart, and only slaves walk for miles alongside a horde. That Viserys could not stop his horse being taken away is seen as utter humiliation by the Dothraki.[1]
Doreah and Viserys share a bath.
The khalasar reaches the Dothraki city of Vaes Dothrak. Viserys despises it as a city of sticks and mud huts and takes pleasure with Daenerys's handmaiden, Doreah. Doreah makes him unhappy when she asks him about the dragons and their extinction. He then asks Doreah why she thinks he bought her, to which she replies "To teach your sister". Viserys then corrects her, saying that he did not buy her simply to make Khal Drogo happy.[7]
Later, Daenerys sends Doreah to Viserys with an invitation to dinner. Enraged at what he perceives as another order, Viserys drags Doreah by her hair to Daenerys. He strikes Daenerys and rants about his superiority. Daenerys hits him in the face with a heavy metal belt, visibly shocking him, and warns him that the next time he raises his hands to her will be the last time he has hands.[8] Illyrio visits King's Landing to meet with the King's Master of Whisperers, Varys. Illyrio confirms that Drogo does eventually mean to honor the bargain to invade the Seven Kingdoms, but will not move until his son is born.[7]
Viserys attempts to steal the dragon eggs; only to be stopped by Jorah.
Viserys grows increasingly agitated by Drogo's inaction and fears the Khal will renege on his promise. During the dosh khaleen's celebration of Daenerys's pregnancy (who is proven to be a boy by eating a stallion heart, who she names Rhaego), Viserys observes how the Dothraki people have come to love Daenerys, making him feel jealous and inadequate. He tries to steal Daenerys's dragon eggs so he can buy his own army, but Ser Jorah stops him. He accuses Jorah of having physical desires for Daenerys, but says he doesn't care. Subsequently, Viserys leaves; without the eggs.[1]
A drunk Viserys later stumbles into Khal Drogo's tent during a feast, and demands to be seated in the front near Drogo, in a place of honor. With Ser Jorah translating, Drogo says that there is a place for him: in the back, with the children and old women. Viserys angrily insists that he is a king, and will be treated as such. Khal Drogo addresses Viserys for the first time in the Common Tongue of Westeros, "You are no king." Furious, Viserys unsheathes his sword, too drunk and arrogant to heed Jorah's warning that brandishing a sword in the Dothraki holy city is punishable by death.[1]
Defiant and undaunted, Viserys goes on to demand that he wants to leave immediately with the army he was promised, or else he will leave with his sister (who according to the custom of House Targaryen, should have been his wife, and whom he always thought of as his sexual property). He threatens to cut out Daenerys's unborn son and leave it for Drogo unless they leave at once and Drogo gives him what was promised: the crown of the Seven Kingdoms. The Khal coldly acknowledges Viserys's wishes (via Irri's translation) and promises him a "golden crown that men will tremble to behold".[1]
Viserys faces his coming death.
Viserys, believing himself victorious, lowers his guard and is suddenly restrained by Qotho and another bloodrider. Drogo then melts several gold medallions from his belt in a nearby pot. Viserys yells "I am the dragon" and pleads for his life from Daenerys, but when Drogo looks to her, she silently nods. Jorah tries to make Daenerys look away, but she insists on watching her brother's death.[1]
Viserys is slain with molten gold.
Drogo later addresses him in the common tongue, "A crown for a king", and pours the molten gold onto Viserys's head as the promised "terrible golden crown", killing him for his impudence. Viserys dies in agony, and when his dead body slumps to the ground the solidified gold makes a resounding metallic thud. Daenerys coldly remarks that "he was no dragon", as "fire cannot kill a dragon". With Viserys dead, Daenerys is now held by her supporters as the rightful (and last) Targaryen heir to the Iron Throne, although later events will reveal someone who may actually have a stronger claim.[1][9]
Viserys is mentioned by Daenerys saying that she knew he was a fool but he is - or rather was - the rightful heir to the Iron Throne. But Jorah Mormont dismisses this saying that if Daenerys cannot inherit the Throne, she can conquer it instead like her ancestors.
Daenerys disdainfully mentions Viserys, saying that he is the only family relative she had - and he'd have let a thousand men rape her just to get the Throne.[10]
Daenerys mentions Viserys at a war council on Dragonstone. She claims that if Viserys had three dragons he would have invaded King's Landing already. She turns her attention to Varys and begin interrogating him over his actions when she and Viserys were in exile. She asks if his "little birds" told him that Viserys was cruel, stupid and weak.[11]
Daenerys tells Jon that both Viserion and Rhaegal were named for her deceased brothers.[12]
After being rescued in the mission beyond the Wall, Jon refers to Daenerys as "Dany" when she is at his bedside. Amused, Daenerys remarks that nobody has referred to her as Dany since Viserys.[13]
After Daenerys and Jon Snow reach Winterfell, Jaime Lannister, who killed the father of Daenerys and Viserys to prevent him destroying King's Landing, also arrives at the Stark ancestral home. He is brought to a meeting with Daenerys, Jon, and their allies, where Daenerys tells him about the story Viserys told her when she was a child, about the man that murdered their father and what they would do to Jaime if they had the chance. However, following Jaime's pledge to help the fight against the Night King, Daenerys accepts his offer to join her forces, as they need every man they can get in the Battle of Winterfell.[14]
Following the battle at Winterfell, Daenerys and her allies go south to fight the Battle of King's Landing, during which Daenerys destroys most of the city, against the wishes of Jon and many of her other supporters. After the battle, Daenerys approaches the Iron Throne in what remains of the Red Keep. When she sees Jon enter the ruins of the throne room, she tells him that when she was a girl, Viserys told her the throne was made from the swords of a thousand of Aegon's fallen enemies. The subsequent end of Daenerys has a number of echoes of the end of Viserys: like Viserys, Daenerys is killed by someone who believes her to be out of control and believes that she needs to be prevented from harming others in the future; like him, she is killed before she gets to be crowned or sit on the Iron Throne itself; and like him, she is also lulled into a false sense of security in the moments before her death, believing she has now achieved the thing she always wanted, without realising a former ally is about to strike a fatal blow.[15]
Viserys was cruel, condescending, arrogant, aggressive, sadistic, temperamental, and immoral. Much like Joffrey Baratheon, Viserys believed that people should obey him simply because of his birthright and would throw temper tantrums when he was not treated with the respect he thought he was owed, even though he did nothing to earn it. Viserys described his temper as "a dragon", but also referred to himself as such, thinking himself as one of the greatest Targaryens to have ever lived. Viserys's temper hopelessly outweighs his common sense, making him rash, temperamental, impetuous and reckless.
Viserys was also extremely self-deluded and believed himself to be a mighty warrior, like his brother Rhaegar Targaryen, even though he had never wielded a sword against an opponent in his life and didn't truly know the first thing about combat, strategy or warfare. When he was attacked by Dothraki, he did not fight back himself but instead tried to get others - such as Jorah Mormont - to do it for him, regardless that he had, not so long ago, belittled the man and insulted his concept of loyalty. Viserys never expected any true consequences to come from his more rash actions, reacting in shock and awe when Daenerys fought back against him.
Viserys was similarly as arrogant as his own father and neither could believe their allies would turn on them. For Aerys, he opened the gates of King's Landing to his old friend Tywin Lannister and his army, despite his remaining loyalists telling him it was a trap. This act of utter folly led to the Sack of King's Landing and his own death. For Viserys, he arrogantly believed that the Dothraki would never strike back at him for threatening their Khaleesi, and that he had the right to bare steel against them. His self-conception of being 'the dragon' blinded him to the fact that no man could shed blood or bare steel within Vaes Dothrak. Similarly, this belief cost Viserys his life.
In regards to his sister Daenerys, Viserys looked at her as his property to abuse or hand out to others whenever he pleased. On the day he was to marry his sister over to Khal Drogo, he even fantasized that men will write that his reign began on that day, even though it was more an ascension of her status than his - he never inquired, nor cared, as to whether or not she wanted to be married to a Dothraki savage. As he said to her about her marriage to Khal Drogo, "We go home with an army. With Khal Drogo's army. I would let his whole tribe fuck you, all forty thousand men and their horses too, if that's what it took." Despite this, Viserys believes that she is still loyal to him and nobody else. As Khal Drogo was preparing to "crown" him, he begs for her to intervene, despite giving her absolutely no reason to do so. In fact, only moments before, he had threatened to cut her open with a sword during her pregnancy.
Daenerys believes Viserys could be good, due to him being kind and respectful to her once, but that the loss of their mother, father and brother early in his life, and having to beg everyone for money and shelter made Viserys cruel and bitter. She clearly once had some affection for him as her only living blood relative, since, in tribute, she named her dragon Viserion after him.
Viserys was an individual with a terrible sense of morality, as evidenced by how he callously implied that, under his rule, Jorah Mormont would not face consequences for the crimes of selling slaves. A good king would have been appalled at the crime, as Jorah himself regretted it, but this reinforces the idea that Viserys did not see other men, especially common men, as people. He also did not see any problem with insulting or questioning other people's honor, integrity or duty, chastising Jorah Mormont for wanting Daenerys for himself, stating that he could 'dine on her' however he wanted, so long as he let Viserys go. Viserys desired loyalty, power and fealty, but he deserved neither.
Season One appearances
Winter Is Coming The Kingsroad Lord Snow Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things The Wolf and the Lion
A Golden Crown You Win or You Die The Pointy End Baelor Fire and Blood
Lord Snow
Viserys and Daenerys at the estate of Magister Illyrio in "Winter Is Coming".
Viserys with Illyrio Mopatis in "Winter Is Coming".
Viserys sharing a bath with Doreah in "Cripples, Bastards and Broken Things".
Jorah Mormont prevents Viserys from stealing the dragon eggs in "A Golden Crown".
Viserys' HBO Season 1 promo picture.
Aerion
Aemon
Aegon V
Aerys II
Elia Martell
Rhaegar
Viserys
Daenerys
Drogo
Rhaenys
"Jon Snow"
(Aegon
Targaryen)
Rhaego
Stillborn
Spoken by Viserys
"When they write the history of my reign, sweet sister, they will say it began today."
―Viserys talks to his sister about reclaiming the Iron Throne.[src]
"We go home with an army. With Khal Drogo's army. I would let his whole tribe fuck you, all forty thousand men and their horses too, if that's what it took."
―Viserys Targaryen to Daenerys Targaryen[src]
"You do not command the Dragon! I am Lord of the Seven Kingdoms. I don't take orders from savages or their sluts. Do you hear me?"
―Viserys to his sister.[src]
"You are a horselord's slut! And now, you've woken the Dragon!"
―Viserys insults his sister.[src]
"I'm the last hope of a dynasty, Mormont. The greatest dynasty this world has ever seen, on my shoulders since I was five years old, and no one has ever given me what they gave to her in that tent. Never. Not a piece of it. How can I carry what I need to carry without it, hmm? Who can rule without wealth or fear or love?"
―Viserys expresses his jealousy of Daenerys.[src]
Viserys Targaryen: "Oh, you stand there, all nobility and honor....you don't think I see you looking at my little sister, hmm? Don't think I know what you want? I don't care; you can have her. She can be Queen of the Savages and dine on the finest bloody horseparts, and you can dine on whichever parts of her you like, but let me go."
Jorah Mormont: " You can go. You can't have the eggs."
Viserys Targaryen: "You swore an oath to me. Does loyalty mean nothing to you?"
Jorah Mormont: "It means everything to me."
Viserys Targaryen: "And yet here you stand!"
Jorah Mormont: "And yet here I stand."
— Viserys insults Jorah Mormont, Daenerys, and the Dothraki to Jorah's face, before challenging his honor.[src]
Jorah Mormont: "Khal Drogo says there is a place for you. Back there."
Viserys Targaryen: "That is no place for a king."
Khal Drogo: "You are no king."
— Viserys is rebuffed by Jorah Mormont and Khal Drogo[src]
Jorah Mormont: "Put the sword down. They'll kill us all!"
Viserys Targaryen: "They can't kill us! They can't shed blood in their sacred city, but I can. I want what I came for. I want the crown he promised me. He bought you, but he never paid for you. Tell him I want what was bargained for or I'm taking you back. He can keep the baby. I'll cut it out and leave it for him."
— Viserys arrogantly threatens Daenerys in front of her husband and his horde
"The dragon answers to no one."
―Viserys Targaryen on his house.[src]
Spoken about Viserys
Robert Baratheon: "If the Targaryen boy crosses with a Dothraki horde at his back, the scum will join him!"
Eddard Stark: "He will not cross. And if by chance he does, we'll throw him back into the sea."
— Eddard Stark and Robert Baratheon[src]
"The next time you raise your hands to me will be the last time you have hands."
―Daenerys threatens Viserys for the first time.[src]
"Viserys is less than the shadow of a snake."
―Jorah Mormont[src]
"You are no king."
―Khal Drogo[src]
"He was no dragon. Fire cannot kill a dragon."
―Daenerys Targaryen[src]
"My brother didn't know anything about dragons. He didn't know anything about anything."
―Daenerys[src]
"Who are my people? The Targaryens? I only knew one: my brother, and he would have let a thousand men rape me if it would have gotten him the crown."
"Before I came to power, you favored my brother. All your spies, your little birds, did they tell you Viserys was cruel, stupid and weak? Would those qualities have made for a good King, in your learned opinion?"
―Daenerys to Varys[src]
On the Season 1 Blu-ray, Viserys narrates Complete Guide to Westeros videos on "Valyria and the Dragons", "The Field of Fire", "Robert's Rebellion", "The Sack of King's Landing". On the Season 5 Blu-ray, he co-narrates the Histories & Lore video "The Dance of Dragons" with Shireen Baratheon, Robert Baratheon, Catelyn Stark, Oberyn Martell and Joffrey Baratheon. On the Season 7 Blu-ray, he narrates Chapter 1 of Conquest & Rebellion: An Animated History of the Seven Kingdoms, "Valyria's Last Scion: House Targaryen".
In A Song of Ice and Fire, Viserys is an ambitious, arrogant and power-hungry young man with a streak of cruelty and a famous temper, though he is occasionally affectionate towards his sister. The books give more detail in explaining just how much of a paper tiger Viserys is, and is largely consumed by delusions of grandeur. In the first chapter the Targaryens appear in, Viserys toys with a sword he borrowed from Illyrio while promising to kill Robert Baratheon in single combat. Daenerys notes to herself that Viserys has no idea how to use a sword, never owned his own sword, never had any kind of combat training, and is just a boy playing with a borrowed sword. Although Daenerys blooms during her time with the Dothraki, Viserys refuses to adopt their customs, deriding them as savages. The Dothraki, in return, regard Viserys with contempt; after the incident where Daenerys has Viserys's horse taken from him, the Dothraki start referring to him as "Khal Rhae Mhar", the "Sorefoot King", since the Dothraki look down on any man who cannot ride. The following day, Drogo allows Viserys to ride in one of the khalasar's carts; Viserys accepts, thinking this is Drogo apologizing for the offense Daenerys did him. Unbeknownst to Viserys, this is actually an even greater insult, as carts are viewed by the Dothraki as suitable transport only for the old, the sick, children and pregnant women; Drogo and his khalasar after this start calling Viserys "Khal Rhaggat", the "Cart King", and Daenerys is forced to use all her influence with Drogo and Jorah to prevent the Dothraki inflicting further humiliation on Viserys.
Nonetheless in the books, Daenerys still shows some sympathy for Viserys after his death, though she does not regret that Drogo ultimately executed him. Dany notes that while Viserys was weak, petty, and cruel, he had spent most of his life as a frightened refugee after his entire family was killed and his home taken away, and thus he was largely a product of his hard childhood on the run. At the least, he had managed to keep Daenerys alive during their life in exile.
Viserys once feasted the captains of the Golden Company, in hopes they might take up his cause. They ate his food and heard his pleas - and laughed at him.
In the fourth and fifth novels it is revealed that Ser Willem Darry and Doran Martell signed a secret pact of alliance between Dorne and House Targaryen in Braavos. The alliance was to be sealed by a marriage between Viserys and Princess Arianne Martell. Ser Willem never told Viserys (nor Daenerys) about the pact, thus Viserys died unaware of it. When Daenerys learns about the pact many years later, she comments, knowing well how rash and impatient her brother was, that had he known about that - he would have crossed to Sunspear as soon as he was old enough to wed; thereby, he would have brought Robert's warhammer down upon himself, and Dorne as well.
Viserys appears to have had the incestuous tendencies of his ancestors in a greater degree than in the show: before he wed her to Khal Drogo, Viserys, willing to sell her to the Dothraki horselord but not to give her up, tried to sneak into her chambers and take her maidenhead for himself, but Illyrio Mopatis's guards stopped him. Illyrio remarks that this could have undone years of planning if Viserys had succeeded in deflowering his sister.
In the books, Viserys was about seven years old at the end of Robert's Rebellion, but in "A Golden Crown" he states that he was five years old at the time, a rare instance of someone being aged down in the TV continuity.
Viserys is the only book character who ever addressed Daenerys as "Dany", and only on one occasion - when he begged her to stop Drogo from killing him.
According to the TV series official pronunciation guide developed for the cast and crew, "Viserys Targaryen" is pronounced "Vi-SAIR-iss Tar-GAIR-ee-in".
Viserys Targaryen on A Wiki of Ice and Fire
Viserys Targaryen on Wikipedia
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "A Golden Crown"
↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 guide to houses, House Targaryen - Viserys Targaryen entry
↑ HBO viewers guide, season 2 guide to houses, House Targaryen - Rhaella Targaryen entry
↑ 4.0 4.1 "Winter Is Coming"
↑ "The Kingsroad"
↑ 7.0 7.1 "The Wolf and the Lion"
↑ "Cripples, Bastards and Broken Things"
↑ "A Man Without Honor"
↑ "Stormborn"
↑ "The Queen's Justice"
↑ "Beyond the Wall"
↑ "A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms"
Lord: None Heir: None
Seat: Dragonstone Lands: Dragonstone
Title(s): Queen of Meereen · Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea · Queen of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men (claimant) · Lady Regnant of the Seven Kingdoms (claimant) · Protector of the Realm (claimant)
Ancestors: Aenar · Daenys · Aegon I, the Conqueror · Visenya · Rhaenys · Aenys I · Maegor I, the Cruel · Rhaena · Aegon · Jaehaerys I, the Concilliator · Alysanne Targaryen · Viserys I · Rhaenys · Daemon · Aemma Arryn · Rhaenyra · Alicent Hightower · Aegon II, the Usurper · Helaena Targaryen · Aemond · Aegon III · Viserys II Targaryen · Jaehaera · Jaehaerys · Maelor · Daeron I, the Young Dragon · Baelor I, the Blessed · Aegon IV, the Unworthy · Naerys · Aemon the Dragonknight · Daena the Defiant · Rhaena · Elaena · Daeron II, the Good · Daenerys of Sunspear · Myriah Martell · Daemon Blackfyre · Brynden Rivers · Aegor Rivers · Shiera Seastar · Baelor Breakspear · Aerys I · Aelinor · Rhaegel · Maekar I · Dyanna Dayne · Aerion Brightflame · Aegon V, the Unlikely · Duncan the Small · Daeron
Deceased members: Aerys II, the Mad · Rhaella Targaryen · Rhaegar Targaryen · Elia Martell · Rhaenys Targaryen · Aegon Targaryen · Lyanna Stark · Viserys Targaryen · Drogo · Rhaego · Aemon Targaryen · Daenerys Targaryen
Household: {Ser Jorah Mormont} · {Ser Barristan Selmy} · {Rakharo} · Kovarro · Aggo · {Qhono} · {Irri} · {Doreah} · Jhiqui · Malakho · {Missandei} · Grey Worm · Daario Naharis · {Mossador}
Monarchs of the Six Kingdoms of Westeros
King of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men · Lord of the Seven Kingdoms · Protector of the Realm · Protector of the Seven Kingdoms
Targaryen dynasty
(1–281 AC)
(305 AC)
Aegon I (1–37 AC) · Aenys I (37–42 AC) · Maegor I (42–48 AC) · Jaehaerys I (48–103 AC) · Viserys I (103–129 AC) · Aegon II (129–131 AC) · Aegon III (131–157 AC) · Daeron I (157–161 AC) · Baelor I (161–171 AC) · Viserys II (171–172 AC) · Aegon IV (172–184 AC) · Daeron II (184–209 AC) · Aerys I (209–221 AC) · Maekar I (221–233 AC) · Aegon V (233–262 AC) · Aerys II (262–281 AC) · Daenerys I (305 AC)
Baratheon dynasty
(281–303 AC)
Robert I (281–298 AC) · Joffrey I (298–301 AC) · Tommen I (301–303 AC)
Lannister dynasty
Cersei I (303–305 AC)
Elected monarchs
(305 AC–Present)
Brandon I (305 AC–Present)
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Valyrians
Kings of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men