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Home / Moving House / What is it like to be a British expat abroad?
What is it like to be a British expat abroad?
By The Bower Team / In Moving House, Retirement Planning
If you are thinking about retiring abroad, then you might be wondering how you will cope with the adjustment. Here, we speak to a number of British expats to find out what made the move easier, and what challenges they were faced with.
Retiring to a warmer climate is a dream many of us have considered at some point, but the reality of being a British expat can be daunting. Leaving your family and friends behind, selling your home that you might have lived in for decades, deciding which country to move to, all major life-changing decisions to make.
On the other hand, the benefits of retiring abroad can be plentiful. You could enjoy a slower pace of life, a lower cost of living, more 'bang for your buck' when it comes to buying your new home, and the exciting opportunity to start afresh in a whole new community.
Whatever it is that tempts you to retire abroad, what challenges are you likely to face when moving and settling in to a foreign community? We asked some British expats to share their experiences of retiring abroad.
Learning a new language
Perhaps one of the biggest factors that puts people off moving abroad is the language barrier. Not so much a problem if you are relocating to America, Australia or New Zealand for example, but for most of us heading to a country where the first language is not English, a challenge lies ahead!
One British expat, Andrew Greenfield, was so keen to learn the native French language in his new home in Quebec City, Canada, that he took up a local job where he could practice the French Canadian language as much as possible. Andrew said:
"I spent a good deal of time at night school and earned a bit of money doing various jobs. I didn't see them as jobs though – I certainly wouldn't have done them for the money alone – but I saw them as opportunities to practice speaking a new language, and I was being paid for that, so everyone wins!"
Making yourself feel at home
Home sickness could be a challenge once you retire abroad, too. Once you have said the hard goodbyes and made the journey with all your belongings to your new home, the next step is staying there, and to do that, you need to make yourself feel well and truly at home.
David Wright, a British expat who moved to America in December 1999, has some advice for anyone wondering how to feel more at home after the big move.
"It really helps to become emotionally invested in your new home and country immediately,"
says David. He believes one of the best ways to achieve this is to think of yourself as an 'immigrant', rather than an 'expat'.
"My experience is that people who have an 'expat' mindset are much less likely to make a success of an international move than those who adopt the 'immigrant' mindset. Start thinking of your new home as 'home' and where you came from as 'the old country'."
Embracing the customs and language of your new home is also important. David recommends you
"watch local TV news – don't cling to the media of the old country. Stop watching the BBC. Sure, watch your favourite old TV shows on Netflix, but don't get a VPN to watch new stuff on iPlayer etc."
Amanda Adorni, a British expat in Santorini, Greece, has worked hard to make new friends and get to know more people in her new community. She believes using your hobbies and interests to meet people is key.
"I have a dog, so I have dog walking friends, I also volunteer at the local dog and donkey shelter so there are more friends there", says Amanda. "I talk to everyone in the village, and in my seasonal summer job I know lots of people from hotels and villas."
David Wright has some further advice for prospective expats looking to move abroad:
"Work is often the easiest place to start, and if you are religious, church is another great place. Look to your hobbies, too, and revive ones you haven't pursued in a while. Book clubs and neighbourhood groups are also great."
"Even if you weren't very neighbourly in the UK, make more of an effort in your new home – host a pot luck [a Jacob's join style gathering] for your new neighbours, or a BBQ."
He believes integration is key for British expats settling in and making friends:
"Avoid making too many British friends, they may help with the culture shock in the short term, but having too many will get in the way of integrating into your new home, so keep such friends as a small part of your new circle. In short, integrate!"
There are great online resources for British expats looking to meet new friends in their new communities – www.meetup.com is one such forum.
Missing your home comforts
Another challenge of moving abroad is missing the home comforts you have enjoyed for most, or all, of your life. Cadburys chocolate, McVitties biscuits, PG Tips, all staples in a typical home in the UK, but sadly, not abroad. So how do British expats cope with their cravings for home comforts?
For David, sampling and learning to love the staples from your new home is vital. He recommends
"choosing a handful of things you will have visitors bring for you that you can't get here, but think of them as treats, not staples."
"Don't let yourself think of aspects of life from the UK as 'better' – they aren't, they are just more familiar, and different," says David. "Avoid specialist grocery stores that cater to old favourites and find new staples that are mainstream in regular grocery stores."
The benefits of moving abroad
It isn't all challenges of course. There are many benefits of retiring abroad and being a British expat. So is it the warmer weather, a slower pace of life, or the cheaper cost of living, perhaps? For David, it was a combination of factors that made him decide to up sticks in 1999 to the United States, and he hasn't looked back. It was the prospect of a
"new life, better opportunities, a better place to live, and a more positive society to live in"
that contributed to his decision to emigrate, after he became "disillusioned with UK society". And once he had settled into the USA, he realised the benefits were even greater than he had imagined.
Speaking about the best part of moving to a new country, David said the highlights have been:
"More money, a better standard of living, a bigger house, a bigger yard, it's much safer, less crime, nicer people, less dishonestly, more optimism, less pessimism, a can-do mentality, more friendly people, and a way better healthcare."
There may be challenges to face when you retire abroad, but for every challenge there is an adventure to be had, a new experience to be enjoyed, or an opportunity to grab with both hands. Or as British expat, Andrew Greenfield, says:
"Go for it. It's a great way to start over, and you're never too old to do that".
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Iskra Lawrence Modeled 7 Poses That Show Instagram Is Often Just an Illusion
Need to find a V-Day gift?Shop our picks for everyone in your life.See Them All
Instagram.com/Iskra
She's learned a thing or two in 14 years of modeling.
By Nina Bahadur
Model Iskra Lawrence is all about promoting body positivity and encouraging people to be less critical of themselves. Her latest Instagram post is no exception. In the post, Lawrence showcases some common modeling poses that prove how radically different minor positioning tweaks can make someone's body look.
"I'm super excited to share this with you," she wrote in her Instagram caption, explaining that the project was in collaboration with Elle and YouTube. "I myself still pose and there's nothing wrong with moving your body in ways you feel most comfortable or confident but let's be honest and show the actual process." Lawrence went on to explain that in 14 years of modeling, she's picked up on some common poses that can drastically change how her body looks on camera.
The poses include moves like lifting her chest to make her stomach look flatter, popping her hip to make her butt look larger, moving her elbow back to make her arm look smaller, tilting her pelvis backwards to create the illusion of a space between her thighs, and putting her tongue on the roof of her mouth to "lift" her chin. Lawrence also stressed that factors such as good lighting and digital retouching can also make a tremendous difference in photos—though she herself takes a stand against retouching in general.
As Lawrence noted, there's absolutely nothing wrong with anyone taking photos that make them feel beautiful—but things get trickier when there's a ton of pressure to be effortlessly perfect every time you post to social media.
Thankfully, Lawrence is only one of many voices disclosing the secrets behind the seemingly perfect photos that likely populate your Instagram feed. Fitness blogger Anna Victoria has shared how the appearance of cellulite often just comes down to lighting. Self-love Instagrammer Kate Speer posted a video of her body jiggling as proof of how normal it is for bodies to, you know, move as you go throughout life. Body-positive Instagrammer Milly Smith showed how a simple pair of tights can make her midsection seem like something it's not. And tons of users have posted "5-second transformations" just to hammer home the point that while social media can be fun and freeing, it can also be completely misleading.
"I don't want you to ever feel like you have to be perfect," Lawrence explained in the video accompanying her Instagram post. "You're already imperfectly perfect, and that's good enough."
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Nina is a writer and editor based in NYC. She covers health, wellness, and culture, specializing in health disparities, reproductive rights, sexual assault, and sleep. She's written for Women's Health, SHAPE, SELF, Refinery29, Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Teen Vogue, the New York Times, and more. She holds a B.A. in cultural anthropology... Read more
TopicsIskra Lawrencenewsbody positivitybody imagesocial mediainstagram
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Oriental references for our kimono style cardigan with manica sleeve. The model is enriched by two small waist belts sewn on the head, ideal for creating an elegant bow. The edges and the cuffs are made with a reverse stocking that creates a fine contrast with the base of the garment.
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Home / OTHER / Easy-Listening / BALLADE - CLASSICAL FAVOURITES FOR RELAXING AND DREAMING
BALLADE - CLASSICAL FAVOURITES FOR RELAXING AND DREAMING
Buy + Add To Wish List + £7.99 - Few in stock
BALLADE is a dual purpose word meaning either a dance tune or popular song. In this collection of some of the beautiful moments in classical music, we find relaxation and time to dream. It is compiled from the extensive Naxos catalogue of compact discs, performed by the world's outstanding artists…
Jean Sibelius has become the famous composer in the history of Finnish music, yet only when he failed in his quest to become a violinist, did he turn to composition. He immersed himself in folk-music and Finnish history, his early compositions drawing inspiration from both sources. But Finland was not yet ready for his music, though in 1893 the incidental music to the stage play, Karelia, did gain some critical acclaim, and encouraged him to make a three movement suite, a moment of repose reached in the sumptuous central movement, Ballade.
Without a constant injection of adulation, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, fell into periods of depression. It was left to a woman, whom he never met, to supply both money and letters of encouragement to keep him composing. From a man of such turbulent emotions came the greatest works of nineteenth century Russia. His dream was to be a great opera composer, but that largely eluded him, and his name first became known around the world by short salon pieces played on the family piano. Among the best loved was the melodies of Chants sans paroles (Songs without Words).
Born in 1685, Johann Sebastian Bach was part of a large family of musicians who worked in Germany for over two hundred years, and he became the most famous of them. His massive output included the Six Brandenburg Concertos, dedicated to Christian Ludwig, Margrave of Brandenburg. Each concerto features one or more members of the orchestra as soloist, the fourth giving the violin the solo spot. Probably written in 1720, one of its many attractions is the gentle Andante.
With the temptation of a $15,000 annual salary, Antonín Dvorák accepted the directorship of New York's National Conservatory of Music in 1892. He hated leaving his native Bohemia, but when he arrived in New York he threw himself into the task of assimilating everything American. Between January and May 1893 he composed a new symphony with the title, From the New World, and though it is typical of the composer's style, he introduced a Negro Spiritual in the haunting Largo, the melody we know as Swing low, sweet chariot.
Womaniser, romantic, extrovert and musical genius, Franz Liszt was born in Hungary in 1811, and became the greatest virtuoso pianist of his time. He travelled throughout Europe stunning audiences with his playing, and composed a vast amount of music to demonstrate his brilliance at the keyboard. The First Piano Concerto bristles with spine-tingling excitement, and the slow central Quasi adagio contains one of the great romantic melodies. Many classical composers are remembered by music they considered less important, and around 1850 Liszt transcribed some of his songs for solo piano under the title, Liebesträume (Dreams of Love). They are salon pieces, but the third was to become one of his most frequently performed works.
Felix Mendelssohn was born into an affluent German family, and had the finest tutors money could buy. In many ways he was to become too gifted. A brilliant pianist, a fine conductor, and a skilled administrator, he often spread his gifts too thinly. He was to die at the tragically young age of 38, yet he gave the concert repertoire some of its frequently performed works. A superb miniaturist, throughout his life he composed a series of forty-eight piano works called, Songs without words. Split into eight books, few are technically demanding, and they combine charm with tranquillity. The Andante sostenuto has become one of the best known.
Joachim Raff so nearly achieved greatness, but in the end left an enormous amount of seldom performed music. He was largely self-taught as a composer, and earned a living as a piano teacher. He may not have been all that good, as he obviously had plenty of time to compose, ending up life with 11 symphonies, and numerous concertos and orchestral suites. From the Italian Suite of 1871 comes the restful Notturno.
Why Giuseppe Sammartini (his proper name was Saint-Martin) left his native Italy in 1728 to live in England is unclear. Certainly after an undistinguished start to life, he became London's fashionable musician. On his death in 1750, it is recorded he was music teacher to the Princess of Wales. An oboe virtuoso, his works only became well known posthumously. Most feature woodwind, and includes concertos for oboe, flute and recorder. The Siciliano dates from the 1740's and recalls his native land.
At the age of thirteen Christoph Willibald Gluck ran away from home, supporting himself as a musician. It was that lack of education and technical skills that the critics loved to describe. But he side-stepped censure by writing gorgeous melodies. His greatest masterpiece, the opera, Orfeo ed Euridice, first performed in 1774, contains the ethereal Dance of the Blessed Spirits, also known in a violin and piano transcription as Melody.
Joseph Haydn was one of life's late starters, his major compositions coming after his fortieth birthday, but he was to make up for lost time by producing a deluge in the last thirty-seven years. He was forty-four when appointed kapellmeister (music director) to the court at Esterházy, and there he had the finest orchestra in Europe. In 1783 he composed a concerto for the orchestra's cellist, Anton Kraft. A work of considerable brilliance, the moment of relaxation comes in the central Adagio.
The most prolific composer of his day, Georg Philipp Telemann, was born in Germany in 1681. The majority of his music was in the field of operas, cantatas, oratorios, with orchestral music more limited in scope. Among the best known works are his concertos for various instruments, the sensitive Air in the Italian style is scored for the recorder and chamber orchestra and finds him in pastoral mood.
Charles Gounod was the fashionable French composer in the last half of the 19th century. Today his fame mainly resides in one work, the opera Faust. Performed countless times in the theatre, it also enjoys a presence on the concert stage with the extensive ballet sequence. Gounod wrote a score of considerable animation, bringing a moment of respite in the second section marked Adagio.
Artists Szokolay, Balazs
Stivin, Jiri
Banowetz, Joseph
Kanta, Ludovit
Nagy, Peter
Harden, Wolf
Szokolay, Balazs
Composers Dvorak, Antonin
Telemann, Georg Philipp
Raff, Joachim
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il'yich
Sammartini, Giuseppe
Conductors Dohnanyi, Oliver
Edlinger, Richard
Warchal, Bohdan
Schermerhorn, Kenneth
Lenard, Ondrej
Breiner, Peter
Dohnanyi, Oliver
Orchestras Istropolitana, Capella
Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra
Slovak State Philharmonic Orchestra
Istropolitana, Capella
Faust (Ballet Music)
1 Ballade
2 Song Without Words In F Major
3 Andante
5 Quasi Adagio
6 Andante sostenuto
7 Notturno
8 Siciliano
9 Melody
11 Air a L'Italienne
12 Liebestraum (Dream Of Love) No. 3
If you like BALLADE - CLASSICAL FAVOURITES FOR RELAXING AND DREAMING, please tell your friends! You can easily share this page directly on Facebook, Twitter and via e-mail below.
NIGHT MUSIC, VOL 7
Night Music Vol. 3
Pastorale: Classics for Relaxing and Dreaming
Etude: Classics for Relaxing and Dreaming 8556611 06/01/2000 £7.99
Elegie: Classics for Relaxing and Dreaming 8556612 06/01/2000 £7.99
Sonata: Classics for Relaxing and Dreaming 8556609 02/01/2000 £7.99
Pavane: Classics for Relaxing and Dreaming 8556603 02/01/2000 £7.99
Discover the Classics, Vol. 3 8554486-87 01/01/2000 £12.99
Prelude: Classics for Relaxing and Dreaming
ANDANTE - CLASSICS FOR RELAXING AND DREAMING
Clair de lune: Music for Listening and Dreaming
BERCEUSE - CLASSICS FOR RELAXING AND DREAMING
ROSSINI: Overtures


Despite the 280 percent year-to-date gains in Puma Biotechnology Inc (NASDAQ: PBYI) shares, Citigroup is projecting shares could go higher.
Citi maintained its Buy on Puma Biotechnology and raised its price target from $114 to $156.
At the time of writing, shares of Puma Biotechnology were up 0.41 percent at $123.50.
The NALA study is a clinical trial for testing Puma's investigational drug neratinib, known as Nerlynx, when given as a combo treatment with the approved breast cancer drug capecitabine. The patient population consists of adults who have received at least two previous HER2-directed treatments for metastatic breast cancer.
Puma shares have eclipsed Citi's previous $114 price target, Nochomovitz said, adding that Citi identified the company as an acquisition target as early as the first quarter of 2016.
Citi is ready to "fully flex" its acquisition thesis, which took its price target to $156, the analyst said. This, according to the firm, would make Puma Biotechnology a $6 billion company. Citi's projected peak adjuvant revenues for Nerlynx of about $1.4 billion implies only a 4x multiple.
"If Puma raises debt, that is fine," Nochomovitz said. Five out of the eight acquired firms highlighted by Citi have had an appreciable debt-to-cash ratio, the analyst said.


GIANNI FERRARI - Officine BIEFFEBI group manufactures professional gardening machinery and has always been recognized for its innovation and quality.
The company plants are located in the heart of the industrial district that is internationally known as one of the most technologically advanced in the mechanics and hydraulics sectors. Our companies are equipped with cutting-edge mechanical equipment for production, extremely advanced welding robots, and presses for forming sheet metal.
All group plants are ISO 9001 Quality certified and, in 2005, GIANNI FERRARI was also awarded an ISO 14001 environmental certification, in line with the environmental sensibility of the company.
At the moment, GIANNI FERRARI group employees approximately 120 individuals and its premises extend over a covered surface area of approximately 19,000 square meters. The current range that is offered comprises 10 product families, each available in numerous models and versions.
GIANNI FERRARI exports to more than 30 countries worldwide and exportation represents over 60% of its market.
A few years later, in 1957, Gianni designed his first walk-behind tractor and started to devote himself to farming machinery.
Between the 1960s and 1980s, Gianni Ferrari developed a vast range of walk-behind tractors, motor scythe mowers, transporters and tractors, specializing in articulated chassis tractors with equal-sized wheels and 4-wheel drive.
The Brevini e Bernardelli was established in Gonzaga as a metal structural-work plant for agricultural machinery.
Officine BIEFFEBI, hence the development of equipment (mowers, snow throwers etc.) for power-tillers and tractors.
BIEFFEBI launched the "Fullgreen" line with Rinova Double, its first power-model.
Rinova is an innovative machine with an interchangeable aerator/flail mower rotor.
Gianni Ferrari, Franco Maletti and Claudio Ferrari (BIEFFEBI) founded in Reggiolo the GIANNI FERRARI s.r.l. company for the construction of professional lawn mowers.
The GIANNI FERRARI company produced the Turbograss, the first European ZTR (zero turning radius) mower.
A few years later the high dump system was introduced and the cutting system was patented with RC™ contrary rotation.
A unified sales network was created for the sales of medium-small machines bearing the BIEFFEBI trademark, and the bigger models with the GIANNI FERRARI brand.
the Top Green model, the first ride-on mower in the world with an out-front deck and direct grass collection system.
The Turbo 4 model was launched with the slogan «4-wheel drive and 4 cylinders».
This flagship model of the GIANNI FERRARI range is still today the reference point on the market.
GIANNI FERRARI became the sole trademark for the entire range.
The Turbo 6 Flail made the scene as the first lawn mower in the world with a flail cut and 3 independent flail decks for a 3-meter cutting width.
a multi-purpose machine with articulate chassis, four equal-sized driven wheels and a tool-carrier telescopic boom.
All the power and productivity of the Turbo 2-4 meets the utmost comfort with the debut of the Turbo 2-4 CRUISER. The large insulated and suspended cab, heating and air conditioning as standard, along with electronic transmission management make this model extremely comfortable for prolonged use in any weather conditions.
The Turboloader range completes the range over six years with the 3 S, M, and H Series. There is the new optional of the Cab and H440-2S emerges with innovative 4 dual speed transmission wheels.
GIANNI FERRARI launches the most powerful, high-performing model in the already existing Turbo1-2-4 range. The new Turbo4 FIFTY features strengths like a 50 Hp engine, dual speed transmission, and a 1400-litre collector, making this a top-of-the-line machine.
After 7 years of designing, testing, and development, GIANNI FERRARI is starting its own ELECTRIC DEPARTMENT, manufacturing 2 professional fully electric mowers with lithium batteries and different features to meet various operator requirements.


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\section{Introduction}

Radial abundance gradients in the galactic disk are among the main constraints
of chemical evolution models. They can be derived from a variety of objects,
such as HII regions, planetary nebulae (PN), open clusters and young stars.
Recent work on abundance gradients have focussed on (i) their magnitudes,
(ii) their spatial variations and (iii) their temporal evolution, so that the
number of derived observational constraints has been considerably increased. In
this work, we analyze the behaviour of radial abundance gradients using a large
sample of PN for which the ages of the central stars (CSPN) have been estimated.
Such data is complemented with other objects in different age brackets,
such as open clusters, HII regions, cepheid variables and stars in OB associations.
We focus on the possible space variations of the gradients as measured  for elements
such as O, S, Ne, Ar and Fe at large galactocentric distances and near the
bulge-disk interface, as well as on the time evolution of the gradients based on
approximate ages attributed to the CSPN and open cluster stars.

\section{Space variations of the gradients}

Space variations of the radial abundance gradients have been suggested in the literature,
comprising basically three different regions: (i) a change of slope at large galactocentric
distances, $R > 10\,$ kpc, assuming the solar distance to be in the range $R_0 = 7-8\,$ kpc;
(ii) a flattening in the inner disk, roughly corresponding to $R < 4\,$ kpc; and (iii) a
flattening or a discontinuity  near the solar circle.

(i) Nebulae in the anticentre direction were the subject of a project developed by the
IAG/USP group in order to establish the behaviour of the radial gradient at large
galactocentric distances (\cite[Costa et al. (2004)]{costa2004}). A large sample was
observed with the 1.5m ESO telescope, and the results suggest that the gradient flattens
out beyond $R > 10\,$ kpc, as shown by Fig.\,\ref{fig1}. The dashed line shows a
second order gradient to stress the flattening at high $R$. These results were partially
anticipated on the basis of a smaller sample by \cite[Maciel and Quireza (1999)] {mq99},
and have been confirmed by independent work on HII regions by \cite[V\'\i lchez \& Esteban
(1996)]{vilchez}. However, an approximately constant gradient was found by some recent work
on HII regions by \cite[Deharveng et al. (2000)]{deharveng}, \cite[Quireza et al.
(2006)]{quireza}, \cite[Rudolph et al. (2006)]{rudolph} and \cite[Rood et al. (2007)]{rood}.
The flattening observed in the anticentre direction from PN data can also be noticed in the
open cluster survey by the Bologna Open Cluster Chemical Evolution Project (BOCCE, see for
example \cite[Bragaglia and Tosi (2006)]{bragaglia}, \cite[Sestito et al. (2006)]{sestito2006},
\cite[Sestito et al. (2007)]{sestito2007}), based on high resolution spectroscopy, suggesting
that some flattening in the [Fe/H] gradient can be observed for $R \sim 12\,$ kpc. This
conclusion is also supported by a very recent work based on a sample of galactic cepheids
(\cite[Lemasle et al. (2008)]{lamasle}), in which a higher dispersion was found in the
outer disk, as in Fig.\,\ref{fig1}. Other observational evidences of the flattening of the
gradients at large galactocentric distances are discussed by \cite[Cescutti et al. (2007)]{cescutti},
based on open clusters, cepheids and red giants, for the O/H and [Fe/H] ratios, and other elements.

   \begin{figure}
   \centering
   \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=8cm]{xfig1.eps}
      \caption{The O/H radial abundance gradient in the galactic disk.
              }
         \label{fig1}
   \end{figure}

(ii) In a recent work, about 50 PN in the galactic bulge have been analyzed by \cite[Cavichia
(2008)]{cavichia}, (see also Costa et al., this conference), in an investigation of the
interface between the galactic disk and bulge. Apart from obtaining accurate abundances for
these nebulae, an effort was made to separate the two populations based on their chemical
composition. It was found that the abundance trend presented by disk objects is {\it not}
maintained as the bulge region is approached, and the bulge population has lower average
abundances than predicted by a simple extrapolation of the disk gradient. In this case,
Group I, or disk objects, have systematically larger abundances than Group II, or bulge
nebulae. The galactocentric distance that represents the interface of the two populations,
obtained through a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, is in the range $R \sim 1.5-3.0\,$ kpc.

Recently, \cite[Pottasch \& Bernard-Salas (2006)]{pottasch} presented a summary of PN
abundances homogeneously determined from ISO measurements, and mid-infrared results of bulge
PN from Spitzer have also been recently discussed by Gutenkunst et al. (2008). These results
can be used  to analyze the behaviour of PN abundances near the galactic bulge, as compared
with the inner disk objects, thus contributing to the study of the space variations of the
abundance gradients. On the basis of bulge nebulae with Spitzer data, it can be seen from
the data by \cite[Gutenkunst et al. (2008)]{gutenkunst} that the bulge PN abundances of O,
Ar, Ne, and S do not follow the abundance gradient observed in the disk, in the sense that
these abundances are systematically lower than predicted by the disk gradient. These results
agree very well with our own results obtained for PN in the bulge-disk interface, as
presented by Costa et al. (this conference) and with previous suggestions in the literature,
such as \cite[G\'orny et al. (2004)]{gorny}.

(iii) There are some observational evidences in favour of space variations of the gradients
near the solar circle, in a dividing line located about $R \simeq 10\,$ kpc, especially based
on cepheid variables (\cite[Andrievsky et al. (2004)]{andrievsky}, however, see \cite[Lemasle
et al. (2008)]{lemasle}) and open clusters (\cite[Twarog et al. (1997)]{twarog}, \cite[Corder
\& Twarog (2001)]{corder}, \cite[Yong et al. (2005)]{yong}). PN cannot at present contribute
decisively to this subject, as the uncertainties in the abundances, distances and ages of
their central stars prevent the knowledge of a detailed behaviour of the gradients in that
region.

\section{Time variations of the gradients}

Recently, \cite[Quireza et al. (2006)]{quireza} presented a detailed investigation of over a
hundred HII regions within about 17 kpc of the galactic centre with accurate determinations of
the electron temperatures from radio recombination lines. From this study, an average gradient
of $dT_e/dR \simeq 290\,$K/kpc was obtained.  On the other hand, \cite[Maciel et al.
(2007)]{mqc2007} investigated the electron temperature gradient of PN in the galactic disk as
measured by [OIII] electron temperatures, and compared their results with the gradient from
HII regions derived from radio recombination lines. Since the abundance of the main coolants
is inversely correlated with the temperature, the temperature gradient can be considered as a
mirror image of the abundance gradient, so that an analysis of the former can be used in order
to confirm any time variations in the latter. A sample of PN central stars with ages
averaging 4--5 Gyr was selected, and their nebular [OIII] electron temperatures were plotted
against the galactocentric distances, as shown in Fig.\,\ref{fig2}. The empty circles
represent CSPN with extremely high temperatures, which show larger deviations from the trend.
The average gradient (dashed line) is about $dT_e/dR \simeq 670\,$K/kpc, depending slightly
on the adopted distance scale. This result not only confirms a strong abundance gradient,
but also gives an important and independent confirmation of the time variation of the
gradients, as the HII regions are much younger than the PN sample. Since the observed PN
gradient is steeper than that of the HII regions, we have an independent evidence that the
gradients have flattened out during the last 5 Gyr, approximately.

   \begin{figure}
   \centering
   \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=8cm]{xfig2.eps}
      \caption{The PN electron temperature gradient from \cite[Maciel et al.
       (2007)]{mkc2007}.
              }
         \label{fig2}
   \end{figure}

In a series of papers, \cite[Maciel et al. (2003)]{mcu2003}, \cite[Maciel et al.
(2005)]{mlc2005}, and \cite[Maciel et al. (2006)]{mlc2006} studied the time variation of the
abundance gradients in the galactic disk by adopting a new approach regarding CSPN. While most
investigations on this topic based on PN assumed the traditional Peimbert types as defining
different classes of PN, Maciel et al. tried to obtain individual ages of all stars, thus
avoiding the main disadvantage of the Peimbert system, namely, the fact that objects with
different masses, or different ages, may be assigned to the same type. As a consequence, it
was possible to calculate different gradients according to the age of the central stars, so
that the time evolution of the radial gradients could be determined. In practice, several
difficulties arise, basically due to the fact that the sample sizes are limited and the ages
are still uncertain. Nevertheless, reliable {\it relative} gradients can be estimated, as
shown in Fig.\,\ref{fig3}, where the abundance gradients, converted to [Fe/H] gradients (cf.
\cite[Maciel (2002)]{maciel2002}), are plotted against time, adopting a galactic age of 13.6
Gyr.  These results are consistent with some flattening of the gradients during the time
interval when the data is more reliable, namely the last 6 to 8 Gyr.

An analysis of recent determinations of abundance gradients from PN in the literature shows
that there is no general consensus regarding their average values, as well as the space and
time variations. While \cite[Pottasch \&  Bernard-Salas (2006)]{pottasch} and
\cite[Gutenkunst et al. (2008)]{gutenkunst} obtain stronger gradients similar to those
derived by our group, \cite[Perinotto \& Morbidelli (2006)]{perinotto} find evidences for
weaker gradients. In fact, some investigators failed to determine measurable abundance
gradients from PN, which can be due to several reasons: (i) The gradients are generally small,
so that the total variation in the abundances depend on the considered range in the
galactocentric distances; (ii) The associated uncertainties of the abundances can be large,
which makes the detection of the gradients more difficult; (iii) The distances of PN are
poorly known; (iv) Assuming that the gradients change with time, placing objects with different
ages on the same plot would obviously increase the dispersion, leading to essentially flat
gradients. We made some simulations adopting three groups of objecs with
progressively older ages and steeper gradients. If all objects are put together, the main
result is a blurring of the gradients, leading to a flatter gradient, the magnitude of which
would depend on the proportion of stars in each group.

\cite[Perinotto \& Morbidelli (2006)]{perinotto} derived O/H abundance gradients from disk PN
using a recent and homogeneous set of chemical abundances based on different distance scales.
The derived gradients are generally small, under $-$0.04 dex/kpc, but no effort was made in
order to consider the objects according to group ages.  The same approach was taken years ago
by \cite[Maciel \& K\"oppen (1994)]{mk94} and \cite[Maciel \& Quireza (1999)]{mq99} and
abandoned in view of its shortcomings. However, even the detailed analysis by \cite[Perinotto
\& Morbidelli (2006)]{perinotto} shows clearly that some time variation of the gradients is
to be expected. Their so-called Set A, considered as a reliable homogeneous set of abundances,
has a gradient of $-$0.017 dex/kpc, which is clearly steeper than the data for Set B. This is
a control sample, or a mixed sample in which any existing gradient would probably have been
erased. A similar result (that is, no gradient) is also observed in the subsample of Type I PN,
which have massive central stars, and therefore are relatively younger objects compared to the
remaining stars in Set A. In both cases, that is, Set B and the Type I PN of Set A,
no gradients are found. For the Type II PN of Set A, which come in principle from less massive
central stars, and therefore are expected to be older than Type I objects, the gradient found
is steeper, about $-$0.025 dex/kpc, which suggests some time evolution of the gradients in the
sense that older objects have steeper gradients. This is reinforced by the fact that Type III
PN, which are expected to be older, show an even steeper gradient. Although all gradients
obtained by \cite[Perinotto \& Morbidelli (2006)]{perinotto} are relatively flat compared
with our disk sample, it is seen that their results also suggest some time flattening of the
gradient, in agreement with our own results.

   \begin{figure}
   \centering
   \includegraphics[angle=-90,width=8cm]{xfig3.eps}
      \caption{Time variation of the converted [Fe/H] radial gradient from PN
      and other objects.
              }
         \label{fig3}
   \end{figure}

In Fig.\,\ref{fig3} we show our PN data along with data from different types of objects.
Regarding young objects, we include HII regions and OB stars, which are located essentially
near the 13.6 Gyr line, as these are the youngest objects of all. A class of stars with
slightly higher ages are the cepheid variables, for which extremely accurate abundances and
distances have been determined. Since the average ages of these stars are lower than about
700 Myr (see \cite[Maciel et al. (2005)]{mlc2005} for a detailed discussion), they contribute
strongly to the accuracy of the present day gradient shown in Fig.\,\ref{fig3}. For the older
objects, only the open clusters have an age distribution comparable to the PN central stars,
so that these objects are especially important in the study of the time evolution of the
gradients. As mentioned, there is presently no large sample of open clusters with
homogeneously derived abundances and distances, but available data as given by \cite[Friel
et al. (2002)]{friel} and especially the compilation by \cite[Chen et al. (2003)]{chen}
strongly support the PN data, as can be seeen in Fig.\,\ref{fig3}. The recent high resolution
data from the BOCCE project still does not have enough results to tackle this problem directly,
but we can use the available data to make some estimates. From \cite[Bragaglia \& Tosi
(2006)]{bragaglia}, \cite[Sestito et al. (2006)]{sestito2006}, and \cite[Sestito et al.
(2007)]{sestito2007} we see that  at galactocentric distances smaller than about $R
\sim 12\,$kpc, a gradient similar to the one derived by \cite[Friel et al. (2002)]{friel}
is obtained, which is about $d$[Fe/H]$/dR \sim -0.06\,$dex/kpc. Adopting the disk Fe-O
calibration by \cite[Maciel (2000)]{maciel2000}, we have approximately $d$(O/H)$/dR \simeq
(1/2.14) d{\rm [Fe/H]}/dR$, so that $d$(O/H)$/dR \sim  -0.05\,$dex/kpc. Applying this value
to the time variation of the gradients shown in Fig.\,\ref{fig3}, we have a maximum age of
about 4 Gyr for the corresponding objects. From Table 1 of \cite[Bragaglia \& Tosi
(2006)]{bragaglia}, all but one of the 17 open clusters listed have ages lower than 4 Gyr, in
excellent agreement with our estimate.

Some very interesting independent confirmation of the time flattening of the abundance
gradients in spiral galaxies, and also of the flattening of the gradients at larger
galactocentric distance arise from the recent work on M33 by \cite[Magrini et al.
(2007a)]{magrini1} and \cite[Magrini et al. (2007b)]{magrini2}. In this work, data on HII
regions, B supergiant and PN have been presented, and abundances of O, Ne, S and N have been
studied. The derived O/H gradients are similar to the values obtained for the Milky Way,
averaging about $-$0.10 dex/kpc for PN and $-$0.07 dex/kpc for HII regions, showing some
time flattening during the last several Gyr in the life of the galaxy. The gradient in M33
does not have a constant slope, and objects located further away along the disk show some
evidences of a flattening gradient, similar to the one discussed here. In the scenario
devised by the authors, the metallicity gradients flatten out with time as a result of the
fact that chemical abundances at larger radii increase gradually with time, while a faster
enrichment occurs  near the central regions. This result is particularly important, as it
is the first evidence of a flattening in the abundance gradients in an external galaxy.

\bigskip
{\bf Acknowledgements}. This work was partially supported by FAPESP and CNPq.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Obamacare stabilization bill can't fix damage of mandate repeal
Passing a bipartisan Obamacare stabilization bill wouldn't do much to cushion the blow from repealing the health law's requirement that all individuals buy health insurance, the Congressional Budget Office said.
The CBO has estimated that scrapping the mandate would result in 4 million people losing health coverage in 2019 and that premiums in the individual market to increase by 10 percent. On Wednesday, the nonpartisan Congressional agency said a stabilization proposal backed by some Republican Senators would have no impact on its calculations.
The CBO's conclusion could have an impact on the fate of the Senate tax overhaul bill that is expected to get a vote this week. Senate Republicans included the repeal of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate in their tax proposal. And several Senators concerned about their states' health insurance markets, including Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, had pushed forward the stabilization bill as a way to mitigate the blow.
President Donald Trump endorsed the proposal, known as the Bipartisan Health Care Stabilization Act, on Tuesday.
"The effects on premiums and the number of people with health insurance coverage would be similar to those referenced above," the CBO said Wednesday.
The CBO projection comes with caveats. It compares the effect of the stabilization bill to a baseline in which Obamacare's cost-sharing reduction subsidies are paid. The Trump administration has halted the payments, which lower deductibles and out-of-pocket costs for low-income people, and the funds are the subject of a legal dispute.
"I find it baffling," Collins said Wednesday. She and Murkowski voted against earlier Republican efforts to repeal the ACA, blocking them.
The CBO report also doesn't evaluate the effect of giving insurers additional funding, an approach that's also under discussion. Collins introduced a bill with Senator Bill Nelson of Florida to give states seed money for high-risk pools "which would ensure that people with pre-existing conditions are protected and also to lower premiums," she said on Tuesday. Alexander specified that Collins's bill would provide $3 billion to $5 billion to states to set up the high-risk pools. Collins said on Tuesday that Trump also supports her proposal.
ObamacareBipartisan Budget Act of 2015 Employer mandate


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Is this the first time you are going to buy a flat in Jaipur?
If your answer is a 'yes' to the question above, then you have possibly no idea that what lies ahead for you. You are definitely in for a treat. With the lifestyle and the fluctuation in demographics, it may be that settling for flats will be the more attractive and practical option available to investors.
Spending your hard-earned money on a flat will be the smartest move you can make, as it has its own set of advantages. So, here are some reasons you may want to consider to opt for flats instead of a house.
One of the major reasons why the majority of people go for flats is they are available at affordable rates. You should wait for the right time to wait to shell out on your choice of accommodation you are looking for yourself and your family. In fact, you should make a sound investment considering the current price offered by the real estate when people like you are already owning properties, including flats, apartments, townhouses and villas in a wonderful city like Jaipur.
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The government of different states have established their restrictive authorities ensuring that the system not only remains regularized, but also transparent. All this came into effect after the RERA act was passed in 2016.
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Buying flats in a city like Jaipur will be the right thing to do because of the close proximity of all the thing you need. Be it a shopping centre, a hospital, the airport, the metro station - all within your reach.
Buying a flat is going to serve you better in all the ways you are expecting in an amazing city like Jaipur where the development of 2BHK and 3BHK flats is ongoing. So, look for the right house for your loved ones who can enjoy their time and make their memories.


text:
Événements

Janvier
  : l'âge de la majorité passe de 21 à 18 ans.
 9 janvier : des agents fédéraux volent la liste des membres du Parti québécois dans les locaux des Messageries Dynamiques à Montréal. C'est l'Opération Ham, qui sera dévoilée quelques années plus tard lors d'une enquête publique sur les événements d'octobre 1970.
 12 janvier : les dirigeants du Front commun confirment qu'ils veulent négocier collectivement leurs conventions de travail.
 27 janvier : Jérôme Choquette annonce une prochaine enquête sur le crime organisé qui commencera ses travaux en septembre et sera conduite par la Commission de police du Québec.

Février
 2 février : Robert Bourassa annonce un important remaniement ministériel. Guy Saint-Pierre devient ministre de l'Industrie et du Commerce, Gérard D. Lévesque ministre des Affaires intergouvernementales, Claire Kirkland-Casgrain ministre des Affaires culturelles, François Cloutier ministre de l'Éducation, Jean Bienvenue ministre de l'Immigration et Claude Simard ministre du Tourisme.
 9 février : la ville de Québec obtient une franchise dans la nouvelle Association mondiale de hockey.
 10 février : La Presse rouvre ses portes après un lock-out de 7 mois.
 14 février : Robert Charlebois triomphe à l'Olympia de Paris.
 22 février : Armand Bois devient chef intérimaire du Ralliement créditiste à la suite de la démission de Camil Samson.
 29 février : les syndicats de la fonction publique réclament une augmentation de 8 % par an pendant trois ans. L'écart entre l'offre et la demande est d'au moins 300 millions de dollars.

Mars
 7 mars : ouverture de la troisième session de la . Les principaux débats portent sur la menace de grève dans la fonction publique.
 19 mars : l'architecte français Roger Taillibert obtient le contrat pour concevoir les plans du futur Stade olympique de Montréal.
 28 mars : grève de 24 heures des  employés de la fonction publique.

Avril
 4 avril :
 malgré des négociations ardues, l'écart reste de 150 millions de dollars. Les négociations sont rompues entre le gouvernement et les centrales syndicales.
 Un attentat à la bombe à la mission commerciale cubaine à Montréal fait un mort.
 6 avril : Jean Drapeau annonce que le coût des Jeux olympiques sera de 310 millions de dollars. La maquette du futur Stade olympique est dévoilée.
 11 avril : début d'une grève générale illimitée dans toute la fonction publique.
 18 avril : le budget Garneau annonce des revenus de 2.2 milliards de dollars et des dépenses de 4.6 milliards de dollars pour 1972-1973.
 20 avril : adoption d'une loi spéciale (la loi 19) obligeant les employés du secteur public à rentrer au travail. Le Front commun décide de la respecter.

Mai
 5 mai : les Cris de la Baie James entament une procédure pour déclarer inconstitutionnelle la loi créant la Société de Développement de la Baie James et pour faire cesser les travaux en cours à la rivière La Grande.
 8 mai : les trois chefs du Front commun, reconnus coupables d'outrage au tribunal, sont condamnés à 12 mois d'emprisonnement. Louis Laberge, Marcel Pepin et Yvon Charbonneau sont détenus à la prison d'Orsainville.
 12 mai : Jean Cournoyer devient ministre de la Fonction publique.
 21 mai : Claude Morin, ancien conseiller politique du gouvernement, annonce son adhésion au Parti québécois.

Juin
 9 juin : des syndiqués de la CSN fondent la Centrale des syndicats démocratiques (CSD). Ils se disent déçus de certaines prises de position de leur ancien syndicat.

Juillet
 19 juillet : Québec annonce que le salaire minimum au Québec sera porté de  à  mais en plusieurs étapes : le  août (), le  novembre (), le  (), le  (), le  () et le  ().
 27 juillet :
 Robert Cliche devient juge en chef adjoint à la Cour provinciale.
 Maurice Richard devient le premier entraîneur des Nordiques de Québec.

Août
  : la loi sur la Protection du consommateur entre en vigueur.
 14 août : la SFPQ se retire du Front commun et ne fera désormais plus partie de la CSN.

Septembre
  :
 l' Union Catholique des Cultivateurs abandonne son aspect confessionnel et devient lUnion des producteurs agricoles. Paul Couture devient son premier président.
 un cabaret de Montréal, le Blue Bird, est rasé par les flammes. 37 personnes meurent dans l'incendie.
 23 septembre : Québec annonce qu'il confie la gérance des travaux d'aménagement de la Baie James à la société américaine Bechtel Corporation. La Fédération des ingénieurs du Québec proteste.
 29 septembre : Jérôme Choquette déclare que l'enquête sur le crime organisé durera 3 ans et coûtera 3 millions de dollars.

 Octobre
 11 octobre :
 Premier match des Nordiques de Québec dans l'AMH.
 Une entente de principe intervient entre le gouvernement et les centrales syndicales dans le secteur public. Les employés obtiennent 4,8 % d'augmentation la première année, 5 % la deuxième et 6 % la troisième. Le salaire brut atteint  par semaine la troisième année.
 13 octobre : Michel Bélanger devient le premier francophone à diriger la Bourse de Montréal.
 30 octobre : le PLC remporte difficilement l'élection fédérale et Pierre Trudeau devra composer avec un gouvernement minoritaire. Au Québec, les résultats sont de 56 libéraux, 15 créditistes et 2 progressiste-conservateurs. Monique Bégin dans Saint-Michel, Albanie Morin dans Louis-Hébert et Jeanne Sauvé dans Ahuntsic sont devenus les premières femmes députées à la Chambre des Communes au Québec.

 Novembre
 9 novembre : Jean Cournoyer annonce qu'il déposera bientôt un projet de loi sur les relations de travail et le maintien des services essentiels dans la fonction publique.
 19 novembre : la Corporation des enseignants du Québec devient la Centrale de l'enseignement du Québec'' (CEQ).

 Décembre
 10 décembre : Jacques Rose est acquitté de l'accusation d'enlèvement de Pierre Laporte lors de son procès.
 15 décembre : un décret est voté servant de convention collective aux  enseignants qui n'ont pu venir à une entente avec le gouvernement.
 21 décembre :
 dépôt de la loi 89 sur les services essentiels dans la fonction publique.
 le nombre de circonscriptions électorales passe de 108 à 110.

 Naissances
 Paul Ahmarani (acteur)
 Martin Hébert (anthropologue et écrivain)
 Richard Petit (auteur-compositeur)
 14 janvier - Patrick Lagacé (journaliste et animateur de la télévision)
 24 février - Manon Rhéaume (gardienne de but au hockey)
 7 mars - Maxim Roy (actrice)
 17 mars - Melissa Auf der Maur (musicienne de rock)
 20 mars - Jonatan Julien (politicien)
 15 avril Arturo Gatti (boxeur) († )
 Jean-François Larose (politicien)
 21 avril - Guy Turcotte (médecin et meurtrier)
 6 mai - Martin Brodeur (gardien de but au hockey)
 18 mai - Frédérick De Grandpré (acteur)
 22 mai  Bruno Marchand  (travailleur social et Maire de Québec)
 26 mai - Martin Dubreuil (acteur)
  - Dave Richer (acteur, conférencier et humoriste)
 26 juin - Garou (chanteur)
 6 juillet - Isabelle Boulay (chanteuse)
 24 août - Jean-Luc Brassard (skieur acrobatique)
 3 septembre - Christine Boudrias (patineuse)
 24 septembre - Patrice Dubois (acteur et metteur en scène)
 25 novembre - Sébastien Benoît (animateur)
 12 décembre - Kevin Parent (chanteur)

 Décès
 Réal Benoît (écrivain) (º 1916)
 2 mars - Léo-Ernest Ouimet (pionnier du cinéma québécois) (º )
 27 avril - Jacques de Bernonville (collaborateur) (º )
 6 juin - Huguette Gaulin (écrivaine) (º 1944)
 20 août - Abraham Moses Klein (écrivain) (º 1909)
 20 octobre - Judith Jasmin (journaliste) (º )
 11 novembre - Gilles Rousseau (chanteur des Hou Lops) (º )
 17 novembre - Léopold Dion (criminel) (º )
 4 décembre''' - Octave Bélanger (peintre) (º )

Articles connexes
 L'année 1972 dans le monde
 1972 au Canada
 Chronologie de l'histoire du Québec (1960 à 1981)
 Incendie du Blue Bird
 Élection fédérale canadienne de 1972

Sources et références

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Welcome to ETFLogic's Weekly Newsletter for the week ended January 4, 2019.
The Tigers rolled over the Tide last night, the Government shutdown continues as Trump demands border wall funding, the era of Sears comes to an end and Bohemian Rhapsody stole the Golden Globes.
Mirae Asset Global Investments, which acquired ETF issuer Global X, re-branded its other U.S.-listed ETFs as Global X products. The financial company's three Horizons ETFs adopted the Global X name on Dec. 24.
ETFLogic TruLiquidity Report Cards are ready! See how your favorite ETF scored. Reach out to Lindsey for a customized report on any number of ETFs.
Why look at this report? This ETFLogic analytics one-pager brings together valuable pre-trade metrics and analytics. With a quick glance you can review historical bid-ask spreads, estimate average spreads at different times of the day to get into a better trade, compare with peers, check out basket pre-trade impact and be aware of factor exposures.


The Choir is always looking for new members. The choir rehearsal room is in the lower level across from the office. The choir meets on Wednesday evenings. Please check the calendar for times and events.
The intergenerational hand bell choir plays once a month, usually on the Fourth Sunday. Rehearsal is right before worship in Geneva Hall.


Manage IT infrastructure for our enterprise-class Web 2.0 production suite based on Ruby-on-Rails technology. Responsible for internal IT operations including networking, security, IP phone system, and computer support.
Coordinate with QA team on build management and release migration procedures including implementation of scripts to automate related activities.
Administer Linux systems in a production environment implementing DNS, DHCP, NFS, clustered SAN, SSL certificate management, Apache 2 administration, firewall configurations, intrusion detection, auditing, load balancing, clustering, etc.
Manage Amazon S3 and EC2 accounts.
Designed and implement corporate and production system email service implementing verification techniques such as SPF, DK/DKIM, SenderID, reverse DNS, loopback.
Designed and implemented a project-tracking working-flow system using .NET technology.
Managed a multi-platform network facilitating interaction between multiple flavors of UNIX/Linux and Windows machines.
Secured network against intrusion by malicious users.
Secured transfer of information to key customers including federal government agencies and key telecommunication companies globally.
Provided secure access for remote use of company's local network resources.
Designed and implemented databases models for commercial software products including some products used by a Fortune 100 company.
Administered database for development activities including PL/SQL development, activity monitoring, performance tuning, backup/restoration, and user/security management.
Provided technical advice on how to implement solutions using SNAP products.
Designed workarounds to meet customers' needs when fixes were not immediately available.
Recorded and verified user reported bugs.
Conducted training for new employees and users of company products.
Designed and implemented test cases for evaluating product quality.
Tested product functionality, reporting errors, and suggesting improvements.
Performed regression tests for products.


text:
Q: 'onEdit' function doesn't always fire when editing multiple cells quickly Purpose
This is for a checklist.
People type 'x' into a cell.  If x is the only thing in the cell, it should change to ✓
Script
function onEdit(e) {
  var r = e.range;
  if (r.getValue() === 'x' || r.getValue() === 'X') {
    r.setValue('✓');
    r.setHorizontalAlignment('center');
  }
}

Problem
Going slowly works.
But when inputting quickly (ie: type 'x', move to another cell with the arrow keys, type 'x', move, [quickly repeat this multiple times]), some cells change, but some remain as x.

EDIT:
I now have a working (but inelegant) solution.  I'd still like to know if there's a more elegant solution.
This works
// Checks 300 rows and 11 columns, starting from E10 (row 10, col 5)
// if the value is 'x' or 'X', it changes it to a '✓'

function onEdit(e) {
  var sheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet();

  // getRange(row, column, numRows, numColumns)
  var values = sheet.getRange(10, 5, 300, 11).getValues();

  for (var i=0; i<values.length; i++) {
    for (var j=0; j<values[i].length; j++) {
      if ( values[i][j] === 'x' || values[i][j] === 'X') {
        var cell = sheet.getRange( 10 + i, 5 + j );
        cell.setValue('✓');
        cell.setHorizontalAlignment('center');
      }
    }
  }
}

This checks every cell in the tables (3300 of them) each time onEdit fires.  Since onEdit seems to always catch the last edit (but not the ones in between), this changes every x to ✓.

Background
At work, I've been asked to convert a checklist into a Google Doc.  There are hundreds of checkboxes in various tables.
I've been asked to make the boxes have checks, ✓, since we print and show this checklist to clients.
Many of my colleagues are not computer literate, so the input method has to be very simple.
Questions
Is there a way to fix the original script, or is there another better way to do this?

A: I don't know if having data validation is an option? Else you can do this;

*

*type in a cell: =char(10003) which will output as ✓

*create data validation and choose list with items

*copy the symbol (not the formula) and paste it in the box (and put a comma behind it)

*if you need another symbol for not completed, repeat the previous steps with =char(10005), which will output as ✕

Besides that you can maybe use the square root symbol, which on my mac is easily entered using option-shift-V and looks like √ (you will have to look up that combination for your OS).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Supreme Cannabis Signs Cannabis Supply Agreement with Tilray®
The Supreme Cannabis Company, Inc.
Supreme Cannabis to sell 7ACRES premium dried cannabis to Tilray®
Agreement is estimated to be in excess of C$2 million
TORONTO, Sept. 10, 2018 /PRNewswire/ - The Supreme Cannabis Company, Inc. ("Supreme Cannabis" or the "Company") (TSXV: FIRE) (OTCQX: SPRWF) (FRA: 53S1), announced that the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, 7ACRES, has entered into a supply agreement to provide dried cannabis to Tilray Canada Ltd., a subsidiary of Tilray Inc. (NASDAQ: TLRY), a global leader in cannabis research, cultivation, processing and distribution currently serving tens of thousands of patients in 11 countries spanning 5 continents.
The value of this initial supply agreement is estimated to be in excess of C$2 million. Dried cannabis provided to Tilray by 7ACRES will be used primarily to support medical cannabis patients in Canada, including Tilray's robust patient population.
"We are pleased to enter into this agreement with Tilray. As one of Canada's first licensed producers, Tilray has been an industry leader in patient services and quality assurance. We believe this agreement demonstrates the quality of the 7ACRES dried flower, and the infrastructure, management and systems that support our brand positioning," said John Fowler, CEO of Supreme Cannabis.
About Supreme Cannabis
The Supreme Cannabis Company (TSXV: FIRE) (OTCQX: SPRWF) (FRA: 53S1) is a Canadian publicly traded company committed to providing premium brands and products that proudly reflect its consumers, people and uniquely innovative culture. The Company's portfolio includes its wholly-owned subsidiary and flagship brand 7ACRES.
7ACRES is a federally licensed cannabis producer operating a 342,000-square-foot facility in Kincardine, Ontario. 7ACRES is dedicated to providing consumers with a premium-quality product that recognizes its customers are informed, discerning and value a brand and culture that aligns with their principles. 7ACRES brand success has been reflected in provincial supply agreements with the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.
The Company's growing portfolio also includes an equity investment and long-term global distribution partnership with Lesotho-based Medigrow for the exporting of medical-grade cannabis oil.
The Supreme Cannabis Company has consistently set the standard for innovation in the sector, including the design of growing facilities and development of operational excellence metrics. We are confident that together with our flagship brand, proprietary technology and products, truly unique culture, and industry-leading team, we will deliver our shareholders consistent long-term value creation.
Please visit www.supreme.ca and www.7ACRES.com for more information.
Certain statements made in this press release may constitute forward-looking information under applicable securities laws. These statements may relate to anticipated events or results and include, but are not limited to, expectations regarding our regulatory environment and potential changes in law, the growth in our capacity and sales, our future position of high quality product, the completion of the Sale to Tilray and other statements that are not historical facts. Particularly, information regarding our expectations of future results, targets, performance achievements, prospects or opportunities is forward-looking information. Often, but not always, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "may" "will", "expect", "believe", "estimate", "plan", "could", "should", "would", "outlook", "forecast", "anticipate", "foresee", "continue" or the negative of these terms or variations of them or similar terminology. Forward-looking statements are current as of the date they are made and are based on applicable estimates and assumptions made by us at the relevant time in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that we believe are appropriate and reasonable in the circumstances. However, we do not undertake to update any such forward-looking information whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under applicable securities laws in Canada. There can be no assurance that such estimates and assumptions will prove to be correct. Many factors could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements or future events or developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the factors discussed in the "Risk Factors" section of the Company's Annual Information Form dated January 22, 2018 ("AIF"). A copy of the AIF and the Company's other publicly filed documents can be accessed under the Company's profile on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval ("SEDAR") at www.sedar.com. The Company cautions that the list of risk factors and uncertainties described in the AIF is not exhaustive and other factors could also adversely affect its results. Readers are urged to consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions carefully in evaluating the forward-looking information and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such information.
SOURCE The Supreme Cannabis Company, Inc.
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