text:
Team Queens
An educational history blog on all things queens, run by #teamqueens, a collective of historical scholars.
Queen of the Day Biographies
Countries A-E
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Resources and Useful Links
The Great Loves of John Hervey, Part II
Posted bygabbystorey 30th Jun 2021 13th Apr 2022 Posted inResearch Post
By Amy-Jane Humphries
This second part of our last #Pride month post delves further into sexualities and royal studies, continuing the story of John Hervey.
Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707-1751)
Frederick of Wales.
The social circle that Hervey, the Fox brothers, and Frederick ran in was defined by its sexual relationships, both heterosexual and homosexual.[1] When Frederick arrived in Britain in 1728, Hervey was abroad with Stephen Fox. Frederick quickly made a royal mistress of Anne Vane in a move which has been viewed as "signalling his advance into adult manhood."[2] In this period, "rampant heterosexuality [was] proof of masculinity"[3] which, in turn, meant that homosexuality was coded as evidence of effeminacy and vice versa. In pursuing women as they did, both Hervey and Frederick were making statements about their manhood and their virility in line with the libertine spirit that they were attempting to embody. Their relationship to women was, it seems, just as complex as the relationship they themselves had. We know from their surviving correspondence that, during the early 1730s, the two were incredibly close – they even penned an almost universally panned opera together. The letters between them which have managed to survive reveal the affectionate pet-names that they had for one another. They also embodied classical roles within their letters, most frequently that of Orestes and Phylades but also that of Hephaestion and Alexander the Great. One might not be altogether in error if they read such illusions as reflecting some sort of truth about their relationship that could not be explicitly articulated. This embodying of different identities was a trope many letter writers used throughout the period and arguably the most famous example of this are the characters of 'Mrs Freeman and Mrs Morley,' played by Sarah, Duchess of Churchill and Queen Anne respectively. It hints a more intimate entanglement between them, one which might account for why Hervey was so hostile towards Frederick later in his memoirs. However, we cannot ever be certain exactly what happened between them as many of their letters and parts of Hervey's memoirs have not survived. Just like with some of Hervey and Steven Fox's letters, the account of this friendship has largely been lost due to the interference of Hervey's descendants. This absence further indicates that there may have been more to their relationship than meets the eye, but, as with all of his relationships, this one ended badly too.
The end of Hervey and the Prince's relationship is believed to have been caused, in part, by Anne Vane, who had been a Maid of Honour in Queen Caroline's household. Both men were involved with her sexually during the same period and it appears that a disagreement regarding her contributed to the breach between them. The birth of Vane's first child, Fitz-Frederick Cornwall Vane, in 1732 was a complex affair because although the naming of the child indicates that Frederick fathered the child, and despite him acknowledging Fitz-Frederick, there were other paternity candidates who put themselves forward after the birth. This would have been a blow to Frederick's self-esteem – particularly as his mother would later cast doubt upon his ability to father a child – and possibly helped to alienate him from Hervey. The extent to which Anne was the predominant cause of the breach between them is difficult to measure because we do not have the full picture of what was taking place. Hervey was certainly pushed out of Frederick's sphere, however, because he soon found himself turning to Anne to try and get back into the Prince's good graces. His inelegant attempt to blackmail her into helping him undoubtedly did little to help the situation – in fact, it probably made matters much worse for him. While it appears that the end of their relationship hinges on their involvement with Anne Vane, she is probably not the sole reason. Rather, she is likely part of a wider tale, the rest of which has been lost to history. There may well have been a romantic part of Hervey and Frederick's relationship which went awry. Hervey might also have been collateral damage in Frederick's attempts to reform his public image and, with his eventual marriage to Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, demonstrate himself to be a devoted husband and father, rather than a philandering libertine. Therefore, the friendship may have simply run its course.[4] Regardless of how it happened, by the mid-1730s, Hervey's feelings had manifested into an intense loathing of the Prince of Wales and he found solace in the one person that detested him just as much: Frederick's own mother.
Caroline of Ansbach, Queen of Great Britain (1683-1737)
Caroline of Ansbach.
Hervey "made prodigious court to [Caroline], and really loved and admired her"[5] in a way that he likely did not wholly expect. He became intrinsic to their routine—"the Queen sent for him every morning … and kept him, while she breakfasted"[6]—and was absorbed into the family as totally as Prince Frederick was pushed out. Caroline's feelings towards her eldest son are inexplicable to us but they may be in part explained by the long separation between them when Frederick was a child. He was left behind in Hanover when the royal family decamped to Britain and at the time both George and Caroline were devastated. The son that the couple had lost had been replaced in their affections by the birth of William Augustus in 1721. Thus, when Frederick arrived in Britain, half-forgotten, uninvited and largely unannounced, in 1728, he did not receive the warm welcome he might have been dreaming about. From there, the Hanoverian tradition of open hostilities between the father and his heir was renewed once more and Caroline became more vehement about her hatred for her eldest child, siding with her husband on the matter just as she had done when they had been in Frederick's position during George I's reign. It is unlikely that the presence of Hervey, driven by his own reasons for loathing Frederick, helped matters between the King and Queen and their eldest son. Her disdain was cemented further by Frederick's behaviour at the time of Augusta's first pregnancy. Unwilling to have his parents witness the birth, Frederick bundled the labouring Augusta into a carriage and had her transported from Hampton Court to St. James' Palace in a move that was not only childish but also showed a complete disregard for his wife's safety. That both mother and child survived the ordeal was really a matter of luck and the ludicrous episode remains a permanent stain on Frederick's character. Hervey reported all of this in his memoirs in unforgiving detail.
For historians, John Hervey's relationship with Queen Caroline is key to our understanding of the court because it brought him into the epicentre of the Georgian political world. He left us some of the most vivid – if not always the most kind or accurate – portrayals of the royal family during times both happy and sad. His voice paints a picture of the reign of George II and it is his proximity to Caroline that we have to thank for that. He watched the wheels of power turn and he believed that it was Caroline creating that movement – although, it must be said that his less than flattering portrayal of George II may have caused him to overstate the extent of Caroline's power. Nevertheless, Hervey captured her importance to the careers of George's courtiers in his famous line: "whomever she distinguished, the king employed."[7] He would have known this first hand as through Caroline he was able to acquire a significant rise in his wages as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household.[8] Their relationship was ultimately built upon mutual affection and she became more to him than a vehicle for promotion. Indeed, when Caroline died in 1737, it was the beginning of the end for John Hervey.
John Hervey died in 1743, aged forty-six. He never truly recovered from the blow of losing Caroline. In the aftermath of her death, he was largely alone. His beloved Ste had long since moved on, his wife had found her own way in the world, and his Prince had cultivated a new life without him. He left behind eight children, and all three of his lost loves survived him. Despite his somewhat tragic end, Hervey had lived a full life and left behind a vital account of one of the most interesting periods of British history that otherwise might have been obscure to us. It is impossible to do his varied life justice here alone, but it is my hope that this Pride month you might have a closer look yourself at the life of John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey and better get to know the man who was so distinguished by the Queen.
Sussex Record Office. 941/47/4. John Hervey to Stephen Fox, 26th August 1731.
Browning, Reed. "Hervey, John, second Baron Hervey of Ickworth (1696-1743), courtier and writer." In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004-. Accessed 14th June 2021, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13116.
Kilburn, Matthew. "Hervey [née Lepell], Mary, Lady Hervey of Ickworth (1699/1700-1768), courtier." In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004-. Accessed 16th June 2021, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13118.
Koscak, Stephanie. "Rituals of Royal Masculinity in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Frederick, Prince of Wales, Takes a Mistress." The Court Historian 26 (2021): 71-92.
Pope, Alexander. Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot. 1735. Accessed 14th June 2021 https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44895/epistle-to-dr-arbuthnot.
Sedgwick, Romney, ed. Lord Hervey's Memoirs. London: William Kimber, 1952.
Smith, Hannah and Taylor, Stephen. "Hephaestion and Alexander: Lord Hervey, Frederick, Prince of Wales, and the Royal Favourite in England in the 1730s." The English Historical Review 124 (2009): 283-312.
Wilson Crocker, John, ed. Memoirs of the Reign of George II from his accession to the death of Queen Caroline. Vol 1. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1848.
Wilson Crocker, John, ed. Memoirs of the Reign of George II from his accession to the death of Queen Caroline. Vol 2. London: Bickers, 1884.
Worsley, Lucy. Courtiers: The Secret History of the Georgian Court. London: Faber and Faber, 2010.
[1] Hannah Smith and Stephen Taylor, "Hephaestion and Alexander: Lord Hervey, Frederick, Prince of Wales, and the Royal Favourite in England in the 1730s," The English Historical Review 124 (2009), 311.
[2] Stephanie Koscak, "Rituals of Royal Masculinity in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Frederick, Prince of Wales, Takes a Mistress," The Court Historian 26 (2021), 80.
[3] Smith and Taylor, "Hephaestion and Alexander," 269.
[4] Koscak, "Rituals of Royal Masculinity," 75.
[5] Hervey, Memoirs, 47.
[7] John Wilson Crocker, ed. Memoirs of the Reign of George II from his accession to the death of Queen Caroline, vol 1 (Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1848), 93.
The Great Loves of John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey (1696-1743)
"Like an Anvil": The Language of the Kartlis Tskhovreba and Tamar the Great
Team Queens, Blog at WordPress.com.


text:
package org.folio.marccat.dao.persistence;

import net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException;
import net.sf.hibernate.Session;
import org.folio.marccat.dao.SystemNextNumberDAO;
import org.folio.marccat.exception.DataAccessException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

import static org.folio.marccat.config.Global.EMPTY_STRING;

/**
 * @author paulm
 * @author nbianchini
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class Unspecified extends PhysicalDescription {

  public Unspecified() {
    super();
    setHeaderType(45);
  }

  /* (non-Javadoc)
   * @see FixedField#getDisplayString()
   */
  public String getDisplayString() {
    String result =
      EMPTY_STRING
        + getGeneralMaterialDesignationCode()
        + getSpecificMaterialDesignationCode();
    return result;
  }

  /* (non-Javadoc)
   * @see librisuite.business.cataloguing.bibliographic.Tag#generateNewKey()
   */
  public void generateNewKey(final Session session) throws DataAccessException, HibernateException {
    SystemNextNumberDAO dao = new SystemNextNumberDAO();
    setKeyNumber(dao.getNextNumber("XD", session));
  }

  /* (non-Javadoc)
   * @see librisuite.business.cataloguing.bibliographic.PhysicalDescription#isUnspecified()
   */
  public boolean isUnspecified() {
    return true;
  }

  public Element generateModelXmlElementContent(Document xmlDocument) {
    Element content = null;
    if (xmlDocument != null) {
      content = xmlDocument.createElement("content");
      content.setAttribute("generalMaterialDesignationCode", EMPTY_STRING + getGeneralMaterialDesignationCode());
      content.setAttribute("specificMaterialDesignationCode", EMPTY_STRING + getSpecificMaterialDesignationCode());
    }
    return content;
  }

  public void parseModelXmlElementContent(Element xmlElement) {
    Element content = (Element) xmlElement.getChildNodes().item(0);
    setGeneralMaterialDesignationCode(content.getAttribute("generalMaterialDesignationCode").charAt(0));
    setSpecificMaterialDesignationCode(content.getAttribute("specificMaterialDesignationCode").charAt(0));
  }

  //@paulm, us_bbl_loading
  @Override
  public void setContentFromMarcString(final String s) {
    setGeneralMaterialDesignationCode(s.charAt(0));
    if (s.length() > 1) setSpecificMaterialDesignationCode(s.charAt(1));
    else setSpecificMaterialDesignationCode('u');
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Partisanship and "Moderates"
by Ed Kilgore, October 17th, 2007 7:01 PM EST
In the course of a series of posts about the alleged lack of appeal among Democrats of Barack Obama's frequent calls for bipartisanship at the new TNR campaign blog "The Stump," Noam Scheiber poses an interesting question: "Can You Be a Partisan Moderate?"
He answers the question affirmatively, citing Hillary Clinton as an example, but that the question even needs to be asked reflects a common assumption that partisanship is essentially, or at least primarily, a function of sharp ideological differentiation between the parties. And that, historically and empirically, is not necessarily borne out by the evidence.
By most standards, the most viciously partisan presidential elections in our history were during the period between the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of the Populist uprising (1880-1892). By and large, the main issue dividing the parties in those elections was tariff policy. And lest anyone suggest these largely non-ideological contests failed to energize voters, it should be noted that they set a high plateau of eligible voter turnout–ranging from 74% to 79%–far above twentieth-century levels.
A more recent, if general, example of the divisibility of ideology from partisanship is in the contemporary politics of the South. Anyone paying real attention to southern elections these days would have to concede that despite the relative conservatism of many Democrats in the region, campaigns are generally as combative and sometimes down-and-dirty as anywhere else in the country.
And to be much more specific, despite all of Bill Clinton's supposed "triangulating" and the deals he cut with Republicans on trade, welfare reform, and the budget, anyone who lived through the Clinton administration would have a hard time accepting that this period represented a low point in partisanship, on either side.
One of the sources of this disconnect between theory and practice in terms of the correlation between ideology and partisanship is simply disagreement over the degree of differentiation that is needed to produce partisan energy. For decades prior to 1980, conservatives argued that Republican acceptance of the main tenets of the New Deal drained elections of any real reason to vote for one party over another. And today, some Democrats sincerely believe that their party's acceptance of, say, a private-sector role in health care or a legitimate U.S. national security role in the Middle East, leaves voters with no real choice and no real excitement over the outcome. Yet voters have less trouble finding significant differences between Ds and Rs.
This is not to say, I must emphasize, that ideologues don't have legitimate grounds for decrying "moderation" in either party. Agreement between the two parties to fight elections on some issues but not others, even if it doesn't reduce partisanship, could in theory and sometimes does in practice take important issues off the table. The extreme example was during the period prior to the founding of the Republican Party, when Democrats and Whigs fought violently partisan elections on a foundation of a system that avoided disputes over slavery whenever possible.
But that's precisely why those on the Left of the Democratic Party today should simply make their case that party "moderates" are wrong on real-life policy grounds, instead of arguing that they aren't partisan enough, or are cowards when it comes to opposing Republicans. Indeed, when John Edwards suggests (as Barack Obama has come close to suggesting) that the Clintons are part of the same corrupt system that produced George W. Bush, he's really saying there are some things more important than partisanship, which is undoubtedly true. Confusing this argument, as many netroots activists have done, by asserting that any Democrat who fails to oppose the GOP on every conceivable issue is actually, secretly, indifferent to partisan control of government, requires conspiracy-theory reasoning about the D.C. Democratic Establishment that loses whatever power it has when you start looking at those many Democratic centrists who work and live outside Washington and have no stake in the Beltway status quo.
For that reason, the partisanship-versus-ideology debate in the blogosphere that sites like OpenLeft is promoting is very healthy, even for "centrists." You can definitely be a highly partisan centrist, and if you take seriously claims that there's not a sufficient difference between the two parties right now, you can be a bipartisan, nonpartisan, third-partisan, or post-partisan ideologue (that, in fact, is a position that could theoretically justify Barack Obama's appeals to a new kind of bipartisanship based on a complete overturning of the current system, if he were clearer about the ideological underpinnings of his "new politics"). But the idea that all "centrists" or "moderates" or whatever you choose to call them don't want to win elections and don't viscerally dislike the other side, just doesn't pass the laugh test.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The DDCA elections 2018 will be held on June 30.
Former India cricketers Virender Sehwag and Aakash Chopra has come out in support of eminent journalist Rajat Sharma, who is contesting for the post of Delhi & District Cricket Association (DDCA) President. The DDCA elections 2018 will take place on June 30.
Sehwag and Chopra, who have played as openers for India and the Delhi Ranji team, feel that Mr. Sharma is an ideal candidate for the President's post given his clean image and top-notch administration skills.
"DDCA elections are coming and I feel Rajat Sharma ji is the best candidate for the post of President because of the way he has led IndiaTV to success. He is a strong administrator. I feel he is very strong candidate. So, I am supporting him. He will bring fresh changes to DDCA for the betterment of the cricket body," Sehwag quoted as saying by India TV.
Expressing his support for Rajat Sharma, Aakash said: "The success of Delhi cricket lies in its administration. I feel if Delhi cricket is rightly managed and administered then nobody can stop Delhi cricket from going forward. Mr. Rajat Sharma is fighting for the post of the President and I am wishing him all the very best. Hope he wins and takes Delhi cricket forward."
Meanwhile, veteran India off-spinner Harbhajan Singh has also conveyed his best wishes for the 61-year-old Sharma.
"Hi Rajat ji, I would just like to wish you all the very best for your upcoming DDCA elections," Harbhajan Singh stated.
Rajat Sharma's team include Rakesh Bansal who will fight for the post of Vice President, Vinod Tihara (Secretary), Om Prakash Sharma(Treasurer) and Rajan Manchanda (Joint Secretary).
The dates for the DDCA elections were disclosed last month by administrator Justice Vikramajit Sen, who also ordered that the polls will be held without the much-scrutinized proxy voting system.
The proxy system of voting which was deemed as the root cause of corruption in DDCA. Justice Sen released an 11-point model of code of conduct for the election of members of the executive committee.


text:
<?php

	//	Written by Andrew Waters - andrew@band-x.org
    //  Additional code by Martijn van der Kleijn (martijn.niji@gmail.com)
	//	Please leave credit

   /*
	*	Contains the following functions for the Front End :
	*
	*	ru_register_page()			Use this on the page you want to have for registrations eg mysite.com/register
	*	ru_login_page()				Use this on the page you want to have for logging in eg mysite.com/login
	*	ru_confirm_page()			This is the page a user clicks through to validate their account
	*	ru_auth_required_page()		Users who are not authorised to view the requested page will be redirected here
	*	ru_reset_page()				Will allow a user to have an email sent to them with a lnk to reset their password
	*	ru_logout()					A page to logout a user and return them to the hompage
	*/

function registered_users_page_found($page) {
    $PDO = Record::getConnection();

	// If login is required for the page
	if ($page->getLoginNeeded() == Page::LOGIN_REQUIRED) {

		AuthUser::load();

		// Not Logged In
		if ( ! AuthUser::isLoggedIn()) {

			// Get the current page id
			$requested_page_id = $page->id();

			// Let's get the page that is set as the login page to prevent any loopbacks
			$getloginpage = 'SELECT * FROM '.TABLE_PREFIX."page WHERE behavior_id='login_page'";
			$getloginpage = $PDO->prepare($getloginpage);
			$getloginpage->execute();

			while ($loginpage = $getloginpage->fetchObject()) {
				$slug = $loginpage->slug;
                print_r($loginpage);
			}

			if ($requested_page_id != $loginpage_id) {
				header('Location: '.BASE_URL.$slug);
			}

		}

		// User is logged in
		else {
			// We need to check if the user has permission to access the page

			// Get requested page id
			$requested_page_id = $page->id();

			// Get permissions that are required for this page
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			$permissions_check = $PDO->prepare($permissions_check);
			$permissions_check->execute();

			$permission_array = array();

			while ($permission = $permissions_check->fetchObject()) {
				$page_permission = $permission->permission_id;
				array_push($permission_array, $page_permission);
			}

			$permissions_count = count($permission_array);

			AuthUser::load();
			$userid = AuthUser::getRecord()->id;

			// Get permissions that this user has
                        /*
			$user_permissions_check = "SELECT * FROM ".TABLE_PREFIX."user_permission WHERE user_id='$userid'";
			$user_permissions_check = $__CMS_CONN__->prepare($user_permissions_check);
			$user_permissions_check->execute();

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				$user_permission = $user_permissions->permission_id;
				array_push($user_permissions_array, $user_permission);
			}*/
                        $roles = AuthUser::getRecord()->roles();
                        foreach ($roles as $role) {
                            $user_permissions_array[] = $role->id;
                        }

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			$permission_result_count = count($permission_result);

			if($permission_result_count < 1 && AuthUser::getId() != 1) {
				// Let's get the authorisation required page
                $auth_required_page = Plugin::getSetting("auth_required_page", "registered_users");
				header('Location: '.URL_PUBLIC.''.$auth_required_page.'');
			}
		}
	}
}

function registered_users_access_page_checkbox($page) {

    $PDO = Record::getConnection();
    $page_id = $page->id;
        $roles = Role::findAllFrom('Role');

	echo 'Access: ';

        foreach ($roles as $role) {
		//global $__CMS_CONN__;
		$id = $role->id;
		$name = $role->name;

		echo '<input id="permission_'.$id.'" name="permission_'.$id.'" type="checkbox"';

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		$permissions_check = $PDO->prepare($permissions_check);
		$permissions_check->execute();

		while ($permissions_checked = $permissions_check->fetchObject()) {
			$page_permission = $permissions_checked->permission_id;
			if ($id == $page_permission) {
				echo 'checked';
			}
		}

		echo ' value="allowed" /> '.$name.' | ';
	}
	echo '

';
}

function registered_users_add_page_permissions($page) {

    $PDO = Record::getConnection();
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        $roles = Role::findAllFrom('Role');

        foreach ($roles as $role) {
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                $add_page_permission->execute();
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function registered_users_delete_page_permissions($page) {

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	$PDO = Record::getConnection();
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	$delete_page_permission = "DELETE FROM ".TABLE_PREFIX."permission_page WHERE page_id = '$page_id'";
	$delete_page_permission = $PDO->prepare($delete_page_permission);
	$delete_page_permission->execute();

}


text:
Woman Seriously Injured in Anne Arundel County Pedestrian Accident
Pedestrian Accident in Annapolis Sends Woman to Hospital
A woman was seriously injured in a pedestrian accident that occurred on Friday, December 7, 2012, at the intersection of West Street and Route 2 in the Parole section of Annapolis in Anne Arundel County, reported Eye on Annapolis.
Anne Arundel County police and fire departments responded to the scene. The woman was taken to the Anne Arundel Medical Center with life threatening injuries. Additional details were not reported.
Pedestrian Accident Statistics
Pedestrian accident statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U. S. Department of Transportation, indicate that there are 4,092 pedestrians killed and 59,000 injured in pedestrian accidents annually. A pedestrian has a high probability of being injured seriously, or being killed, in a pedestrian accident because cars and trucks are larger, heavier, and often travelling at high speeds.
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text:
EC Commissioner Ludovic Orban talks about first car registration tax
de A. Comanciu HotNews.ro
Luni, 28 ianuarie 2008, 9:15 English | Regional Europe
Romanian EC Commissioner for Multilingualism said in a HotNews.ro interview that the EC report assessing Romania's progress will be a factual and objective one. Orban also talked in the interview also about Romania's first car registration tax and other issues pertaining to his mandate.
Regarding the European Commission's report for the justice sector, Orban says that all he could declare was that the report would be balanced, factual and present the sector's development in several sub-fields. Moreover, the justice report would be a base for the final report that will be set up in the summer.
Orban argued that Romanian officials should treat the safeguarding clauses with seriosity as they are very important. He added that the first car registration tax was a good example to show that with benevolence, Romanian officials could avoid unnecessary reactions.
On the issue, Orban says that Romanians that already paid the first car registration tax last year could receive their money back, as the European Court of Justice rules that any sum received as a tax and is non-compatible with the communitarian acquis should be returned. Thus, he encouraged people to claim their money back since they're entitled to.
Regarding his mandate as Commissioner for Multilingualism, Orban said that 2008 is an important year as his team will set up a new policy in the field. The document will be presented later during the year and will contain the opinion of both high level officials and European citizens.


USAF Honor Guard Aiguillette: Enlisted and Officer in silver luminette with Hap Arnold tips and barrels.
USAF Honor Guard Aiguillettes for Enlisted and Officer in silver luminette with Hap Arnold tips and barrels.
The Enlisted Aiguillette, #638R, has a wrapped pin at the top.
The Officer Aiguillette, #638RO, has a new connector that lies flat under an epaulet. A cord can be pinned from the inside of the jacket.


text:
Constant-velocity joint
Animated representation of a six-ball Rzeppa-type constant-velocity joint
Constant-velocity joints (also known as homokinetic or CV joints) allow a drive shaft to transmit power through a variable angle, at constant rotational speed, without an appreciable increase in friction or play. They are mainly used in front wheel drive vehicles. Modern rear wheel drive cars with independent rear suspension typically use CV joints at the ends of the rear axle halfshafts and increasingly use them on the drive shafts.
Constant-velocity joints are protected by a rubber boot, a "CV gaiter", usually filled with molybdenum disulfide grease. Cracks and splits in the boot will allow contaminants in, which would cause the joint to wear quickly as grease leaks out. (Parts in contact would not get proper lubrication, small particulates would cause damage and scratching, while water ingress causes metal components to rust and corrode.) Wear of the boot often takes the form of small cracks, which appear closer to the wheel,[citation needed] because the wheel produces most vibration and up and down motions. Cracks and tears in the areas closer to the axle are usually caused by external factors, such as packed snow, stones or uneven rocky off-road paths. Aging and chemical damage can also cause boot failure.
A universal joint is not a constant-velocity joint but was a precursor means of transmitting power between two angled shafts
Main article: Universal joint
The universal joint, one of the earliest means of transmitting power between two angled shafts, was invented by Gerolamo Cardano in the 16th century. The fact that it failed to maintain constant velocity during rotation was recognized by Robert Hooke in the 17th century, who proposed the first constant velocity joint, consisting of two Cardan joints offset by 90 degrees, so as to cancel out the velocity variations. This is the "double Cardan". Many different types of constant-velocity joints have been invented since then.
Early automotive drive systemsEdit
Early front wheel drive systems such as those used on the Citroën Traction Avant and the front axles of Land Rover and similar four wheel drive vehicles used universal joints, where a cross-shaped metal pivot sits between two forked carriers. These are not CV joints as, except for specific configurations, they result in a variation of the angular velocity. They are simple to make and can be tremendously strong and are still used to provide a flexible coupling in some propshafts, where there is not very much movement. However, they become "notchy" and difficult to turn when operated at extreme angles.
The first CV jointsEdit
As front wheel drive systems became more popular, with cars such as the BMC Mini using compact transverse engine layouts, the shortcomings of universal joints in front axles became more and more apparent. Based on a design by Alfred H. Rzeppa which was filed for patent in 1927[1] (a CV joint, the Tracta joint, designed by Pierre Fenaille at Jean-Albert Grégoire's Tracta company was filed for patent in 1926[2]), constant velocity joints solved many of these problems. They allowed a smooth transfer of power despite the wide range of angles through which they were bent.
Tracta jointsEdit
Tracta Joint
The Tracta joint works on the principle of the double tongue and groove joint. It comprises only four individual parts: the two forks (a.k.a. yokes, one driving and one driven) and the two semi-spherical sliding pieces (one called male or spigot swivel and another called female or slotted swivel) which interlock in a floating (movable) connection. Each yoke jaw engages a circular groove formed on the intermediate members. Both intermediate members are coupled together in turn by a swivel tongue and grooved joint. When the input and output shafts are inclined at some working angle to each other, the driving intermediate member accelerates and decelerates during each revolution. Since the central tongue and groove joint are a quarter of a revolution out of phase with the yoke jaws, the corresponding speed fluctuation of the driven intermediate and output jaw members exactly counteracts and neutralizes the speed variation of the input half member. Thus the output speed change is identical to that of the input drive, providing constant velocity rotation.[3][4][5]
Rzeppa jointsEdit
A Rzeppa joint (invented by Alfred H. Rzeppa in 1926) consists of a spherical inner shell with 6 grooves in it and a similar enveloping outer shell. Each groove guides one ball. The input shaft fits in the centre of a large, steel, star-shaped "gear" that nests inside a circular cage. The cage is spherical but with ends open, and it typically has six openings around the perimeter. This cage and gear fit into a grooved cup that has a splined and threaded shaft attached to it. Six large steel balls sit inside the cup grooves and fit into the cage openings, nestled in the grooves of the star gear. The output shaft on the cup then runs through the wheel bearing and is secured by the axle nut. This joint can accommodate the large changes of angle when the front wheels are turned by the steering system; typical Rzeppa joints allow 45°–48° of articulation, while some can give 54°.[6] At the "outboard" end of the driveshaft a slightly different unit is used. The end of the driveshaft is splined and fits into the outer "joint". It is typically held in place by a circlip.
Rzeppa joint
Rzeppa joint compared to a 1 euro coin
Representation of a Rzeppa joint
Weiss jointsEdit
It consists of two identical ball yokes which are positively located (usually) by four balls. The two joints are centered by means of a ball with a hole in the middle. Two balls in circular tracks transmit the torque while the other two preload the joint and ensure there is no backlash when the direction of loading changes.
Its construction differs from that of the Rzeppa in that the balls are a tight fit between two halves of the coupling and that no cage is used. The center ball rotates on a pin inserted in the outer race and serves as a locking medium for the four other balls. When both shafts are in line, that is, at an angle of 180 degrees, the balls lie in a plane that is 90 degrees to the shafts. If the driving shaft remains in the original position, any movement of the driven shaft will cause the balls to move one half of the angular distance. For example, when the driven shaft moves through an angle of 20 degrees, the angle between the two shafts is reduced to 160 degrees. The balls will move 10 degrees in the same direction, and the angle between the driving shaft and the plane in which the balls lie will be reduced to 80 degrees. This action fulfills the requirement that the balls lie in the plane that bisects the angle of drive. This type of Weiss joint is known as the Bendix-Weiss joint.
The most advanced plunging joint which works on the Weiss principle is the six-ball star joint of Kurt Enke. This type uses only three balls to transmit the torque, while the remaining three center and hold it together. The balls are preloaded and the joint is completely encapsulated.[7][8]
Tripod jointsEdit
These joints are used at the inboard end of car driveshafts. The joints were developed by Michel Orain, of Glaenzer Spicer of Poissy, France. This joint has a three-pointed yoke attached to the shaft, which has barrel-shaped roller bearings on the ends. These fit into a cup with three matching grooves, attached to the differential. Since there is only significant movement in one axis, this simple arrangement works well. These also allow an axial 'plunge' movement of the shaft, so that engine rocking and other effects do not preload the bearings. A typical Tripod joint has up to 50 mm of plunge travel, and 26 degrees of angular articulation.[9] The tripod joint does not have as much angular range as many of the other joint types, but tends to be lower in cost and more efficient. Due to this it is typically used in rear wheel drive vehicle configurations or on the inboard side of front wheel drive vehicles where the required range of motion is lower.
Double CardanEdit
Double cardan joint
Double Cardan joints are similar to double Cardan shafts, except that the length of the intermediate shaft is shortened leaving only the yokes; this effectively allows the two Hooke's joints to be mounted back to back. DCJs are typically used in steering columns, as they eliminate the need to correctly phase the universal joints at the ends of the intermediate shaft (IS), which eases packaging of the IS around the other components in the engine bay of the car. They are also used to replace Rzeppa style constant-velocity joints in applications where high articulation angles, or impulsive torque loads are common, such as the driveshafts and halfshafts of rugged four wheel drive vehicles. Double Cardan joints require a centering element that will maintain equal angles between the driven and driving shafts for true constant velocity rotation.[10][11] This centering device requires additional torque to accelerate the internals of the joint and does generate some additional vibration at higher speeds.[12]
Thompson couplingEdit
The Thompson constant velocity joint (TCVJ), also known as a Thompson coupling, assembles two cardan joints within each other to eliminate the intermediate shaft. A control yoke is added to keep the input and output shafts aligned. The control yoke uses a spherical pantograph scissor mechanism to bisect the angle between the input and output shafts and to maintain the joints at a relative phase angle of zero. The alignment ensures constant angular velocity at all joint angles. Eliminating the intermediate shaft and keeping the input shafts aligned in the homokinetic plane greatly reduces the induced shear stresses and vibration inherent in double cardan shafts.[13][14][15] While the geometric configuration does not maintain constant velocity for the control yoke that aligns the cardan joints, the control yoke has minimal inertia and generates little vibration. Continuous use of a standard Thompson coupling at a straight-through, zero-degree angle will cause excessive wear and damage to the joint; a minimum offset of 2 degrees between the input and output shafts is needed to reduce control yoke wear.[16] Modifying the input and output yokes so that they are not precisely normal to their respective shafts can alter or eliminate the "disallowed" angles.[17]
The cardan joints within the Thompson Coupling can use roller bearings for all bearing surfaces; this reduces friction and wear when compared to the sliding joints used in Rzeppa-type CV joints.[18]
The novel feature of the coupling is the method for geometrically constraining the pair of cardan joints within the assembly by using, for example, a spherical four bar scissors linkage (spherical pantograph) and it is the first coupling to have this combination of properties.[19]
The coupling earned its inventor, Glenn Thompson, the Australian Society for Engineering in Agriculture Engineering Award.[20]
Malpezzi jointsEdit
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Designed and patented by Antonio Malpezzi[citation needed] (at the time owner of a CV remanufacturing company in Italy) in 1976, this joint consists of a cage with a spherical inner with a shaped mouth. The input shaft fits on the centre of a sphere with two rectangular grooves. To assemble it, the spherical driving ball is inserted in the cage by matching the two grooves with the narrowest part of the cage's mouth, rotated 90°. Then two steel blocks are inserted in the grooves and locked in place with a bolt running through the cage's side.
This joint was extensively tested for possible automotive application but proved to be unable to cope with the articulation needed for such a use. It was widely used in Italy in agriculture[citation needed], as it was better suited than a Cardan joint to rotate at high speed and cheaper than a Rzeppa joint. By the early '90s, with the appearance on the market of Rzeppa joints produced in Asia, its production became uneconomic and it was discontinued.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Constant-velocity joints.
Hobson's joint
^ Rzeppa, Alfred H. (1927). "Universal Joint". US patent no. 1,665,280.
^ European Patent FR628309
^ - Universal Joints (Automobile)
^ Tracta Constant Velocity Joint. Archived 2015-11-17 at the Wayback Machine
^ Universal joints and driveshafts: analysis, design, applications
^ ntn.co.jp
^ www.tpub.com - Bendix-Weiss Constant Velocity (CV) Joint Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
^ GKN Driveline Driveshafts, gkndriveline.com.
^ US patent 1979768, Pearce, John W.B., "Double Universal Joint", issued 1934-11-06
^ Rzeppa Constant Velocity (CV) Joint Archived 2009-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
^ US patent 2947158, King, Kenneth K., "Universal Joint Centering Device", issued 1960-08-02, assigned to General Motors Corporation
^ Sopanen, Jussi (1996). "Studies on Torsion Vibration of a Double Cardan Joint Driveline" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-05. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
^ Sheu, P (2003-02-01). "Modelling and analysis of the Intermediate Shaft Between Two Universal Joints". Retrieved 2008-01-22.
^ "The Thompson Coupling Joint mechanism in action". Thompson Couplings. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
^ "Extra Length 500Nm TCVJ". Thompson Couplings, Ltd. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011. Special Instructions: Continuous operation of the TCVJ coupling at 0 degrees is not recommended as this will cause excessive wear on bearings and cause damage to the coupling. For maximum efficiency and life of the TCVJ coupling, a minimum operating angle of 2.0 degrees is recommended.
^ pattakon.com. "PatDan and PatCVJ Constant Velocity Joints". Retrieved 2012-07-26.
^ "Measurement of CV Joint Efficiency" (PDF). 2005-02-10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-11. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
^ Bowman, Rebecca (2006-08-03). "An invention to drive fuel costs down". yourguide.com.au. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
^ Filmer, Mark (2003-11-13). "Invention generating interest". yourguide.com.au. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constant-velocity_joint&oldid=905806779"


Siddika Ahmed and 2 donors Christine Woodall and Barbara Brayshay visited Sylhet Bangladesh in February 2015 to meet the new cohort of girls.
Of the 100 girls who sat the selection test in November last year, 47 new girls are now being funded for the duration of their secondary school education.
30 of the 47 girls are being funded by the Manchester-based N Brown Group.


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The 'Innovate for Refugee' competition will help empower refugees, says Gegenheimer.
The MIT Enterprise Forum Pan Arab (MITEF Pan Arab) has launched a global competition to develop technology solutions to problems faced by refugees.
The 'Innovate for Refugees' global competition, which was launched today on World Refugee Day, aims to find innovative technology-driven solutions to the challenges encountered by refugees.
The competition is being held in partnership with Zain Group and MBC Hope, the corporate social responsibility arm of MBC, and supported by the United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees (UNHCR) and Jusoor, an NGO that aims to unite the Syrian expat community to help Syria.
The competition is open to participants from anywhere in the world, and the organisers hope to encourage entrepreneurs from among the refugee community to enter ideas themselves.
Participants can apply online on mitarabcompetition.com from 20th June 20 through to 1st September1. Four prizes of $20,000 each will be awarded to the most innovative solutions that effectively tackle challenges faced by refugees, and the winners will be announced in October.
Of the four prizes, two are offered by the main sponsors Zain and MBC Hope and are open to solutions across categories including healthcare, energy, food, shelter and security. The third is marked for an educational solution and offered by Jusoor.
The fourth prize will be crowd funded and awarded to a solution brought forward by a refugee. The MIT Enterprise Forum Pan Arab Innovate for Refugees crowdfunding campaign launches on the Generosity by Indiegogo platform today.
Hala Fadel, Founder and Chair of the MITEF Pan Arab, commented: "The combination of three factors make me hopeful about this competition: smartphone penetration among refugees is very high and so is Internet penetration; second, you find refugees with a very high level of education especially in science and technology, finally, the refugee population is very young. Technology, education and youth work well together and will help us unleash solutions for refugees by entrepreneurs worldwide and also from within the refugee community."
Scott Gegenheimer, CEO of Zain Group said: "We feel privileged to work with MITEF Pan Arab, MBC Hope and the UNHCR in this very relevant initiative, which strikes a deep chord with Zain. The overwhelming majority of refugees are proud, progressive and dignified people who find themselves in terrible circumstances that are beyond their control. Through efforts such as the 'Innovate for Refugee' competition, we hope to restore a measure of pride and purpose to many stricken people, and improve their overall living circumstances."
According to Mohammed Abu Asaker, UNHCR's Spokesperson: "Over the past five years the rate of displacement has escalated drastically, with the forcibly displaced exceeding 65 million for the first time. The MENA region is the largest producer and host of refugees in the world, while Syria's war remained the world's leading cause of displacement and associated suffering."
Abu Asaker added: "the size, scale and protracted nature of the refugee crisis shows how traditional approaches are no longer sufficient to address the challenges faced by refugees. It is imperative to pursue innovative solutions that enable them to live a dignified life."


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Date of Birth: 23 June 1969
Download the full filmography actor Martin Klebba
Clown Motel: Spirits Arise (2019)
Martin Klebba, Tony Moran, Julie Anne, Ari Lehman
Clown Motel follows a group of ghost hunters, coming from an old ghost town and a bachelorette party, returning home from Las Vegas. When the groups meet up, by mistake, they're left to discover if the motel is really abandoned and haunted by the souls, of the clowns, that once lived there. Written by Brad Hagen
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Ed Begley Jr., Martin Klebba, David Clayton Rogers, Rick Peters
Teenage detective Xander DeWitt is the new kid at Bixler Valley High, and he's there to unravel the biggest mystery of his life- the truth about his missing father. But in order to crack this case, Xander must learn to work with a partner- fearless investigative reporter Kenzie Messina.
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Captain Jack Sparrow finds the winds of ill-fortune blowing even more strongly when deadly ghost pirates led by his old nemesis, the terrifying Captain Salazar, escape from the Devil's Triangle, determined to kill every pirate at sea...including him. Captain Jack's only hope of survival lies in seeking out the legendary Trident of Poseidon, a powerful artifact that bestows upon its possessor total control over the seas.
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Range 15 (2016)
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A group of veterans wake up after a night of partying to find out that the zombie apocalypse has spread across the United States. Together, they must fight their way across the country in order to find a cure for the outbreak and restore freedom before it's too late.
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Ted 2 (2015)
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Months after John's divorce, Ted and Tami-Lynn's marriage seems on the same road. To patch things up, Ted and Tami-Lynn plan to have a child with John's help, but their failed efforts backfire disastrously. Namely, Ted is declared property by the government and he loses all his civil rights. Now, Ted must fight a seemingly hopeless legal battle with an inexperienced young lawyer to regain his rightful legal status. Unfortunately, between Ted's drunken idiocies and sinister forces interested in this situation to exploit him, Ted's quest has all the odds against him.
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Left Behind (2014)
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The Hungover Games (2014)
Tara Reid, Martin Klebba, Jamie Kennedy, Jonathan Silverman
After celebrating Doug's upcoming wedding in a cut rate hotel in Laughlin, NV, hungover guys Bradley, Ed and Zach wake up in a futuristic dystopia, having lost their pal, Doug. With the help of Effing and Justmitch, the trio's loyal advisers, the gang must now prepare to battle their way through the pop culture districts of The Hungover Games including The Real Housewives of District 8 and Teddy from The Puppet District.
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Oscar Diggs ('James Franco'), a small-time circus magician with dubious ethics, is hurled away from dusty Kansas to the vibrant Land of Oz. At first he thinks he's hit the jackpot-fame and fortune are his for the taking. That all changes, however, when he meets three witches, Theodora ( ), Evanora ( ), and Glinda ( ), who are not convinced he is the great wizard everyone's been expecting. Reluctantly drawn into the epic problems facing the Land of Oz and its inhabitants, Oscar must find out who is good and who is evil before it is too late. Putting his magical arts to use through illusion, ingenuity-and even a bit of wizardry-Oscar transforms himself not only into the great and powerful Wizard of Oz but into a better man as well.
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Mirror Mirror (2012)
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After a beloved King vanishes, his ruthless wife seizes control of the kingdom and keeps her beautiful 18-year-old stepdaughter, Snow White, hidden away in the palace. But when the princess attracts the attention of a charming and wealthy visiting prince, the jealous Queen banishes the girl to a nearby forest. Taken in by a band of rebellious but kindhearted dwarfs, Snow White blossoms into a brave young woman determined to save her country from the Queen. With the support of her new friends, she roars into action to reclaim her birthright and win back her Prince in this magical adventure comedy that will capture the hearts and imaginations of audiences the world over. Written by Relativity Media publicity
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Project X (2012)
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Three seemingly anonymous high school seniors attempt to finally make a name for themselves. Their idea is innocent enough - let's throw a party that no one will forget, and have a camera there, to document history in the making. But nothing could prepare them for this party. Word spreads quickly as dreams are ruined, records are blemished and legends are born.
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Feast III: The Happy Finish (2009)
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The survivors are saved by the mysterious prophet, Shot Bus Gus, who seemingly has the ability to control the beasts. He leads them into the sewers as they travel to the big city. Along the way they get help from karate expert Jean-Claude Seagal and learn that the beasts originate from a place called "The Hive." Armed with this knowledge, they decide to fight back and destroy the beasts once and for all.
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Hancock (2008)
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Will Smith, Charlize Theron, Jason Bateman, Jae Head
The powerful superhero John Hancock has become a joke because of his alcoholism and clumsiness. He has also become the most hated man in Los Angeles. Though he has saved many lives, he also destroyed a lot of property, costing the city millions every time he goes into action. When he saves the life of PR expert Ray Embrey from an oncoming train, the executive is thankful and believes he can restore Hancock's image as a true superhero. He brings the anti-hero home for dinner and introduces him to his son Aaron, a big fan, and to his wife, Mary. But for some mysterious reason Mary doesn't want Hancock anywhere near her or her family.
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Feast II: Sloppy Seconds (2008)
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Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)
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American High School (2009)
Jillian Murray, Talan Torriero , Aubrey O'Day, Martin Klebba
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"American High School," a romantic comedy, is centered on two people who marry young and contend with the consequences of "bad" actions. Moreover, it is a story about a young, frightened girl, Gwen Adams who tries to break away from her father, find peace with her husband, and find peace within. In a world that expects everything from her, being herself was the last thing on her mind. When pushed to the breaking point, she discovers her own self-worth. But is it too late?


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Who's to Blame for the U.S.'s Bombing of Doctors Without Borders Hospital?
By NBC News
With three simultaneous investigations underway, authorities are likely months from deciding whether a U.S. airstrike on a Doctors Without Borders hospital in Afghanistan was a war crime.
The likelihood of an international prosecution is remote, experts say.
But the case might lead to military trials in both countries, where prosecutors could seek convictions for the decisions that led an American AC-130 gunship to open fire on a trauma center during fighting for the city of Kunduz, killing at least 30 people, including including 13 charity staffers.
In the end, if anyone is found criminally liable for the Oct. 3 bombing…
Read the rest of the story from our partners at NBC News.


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Hallway - Double glazed composite entrance door, stairs to first floor landing, radiator.
Lounge - 4.18 x 3.59 (13'9" x 11'9") - Double glazed window, double glazed French doors opening out to the rear garden, radiator.
Kitchen - 3.36 x 1.77 (11'0" x 5'10") - Fitted with a range of wall and floor units with work surfaces over, integrated oven and hob with extractor hood over, single drainer sink unit, tiled splashbacks, space for fridge/freezer, double glazed window.
Bedroom 1 - 3.60 x 2.74 (11'10" x 9'0") - Double glazed window, radiator.
Bedroom 2 - 2.78 x 3.43 into robe x 2.64 min (9'1" x 11'3" into robe x 8'8" min) - Double glazed windows, radiator, cupboard.
Bathroom - 1.90 x 1.73 (6'3" x 5'8") - Comprising bath with mixer tap and shower head attachment, low level WC, wash hand basin, part tiled walls, radiator.
External - Externally there is space for on site parking to the front and a garden to the rear which is laid to lawn together with patio area and a fenced perimeter.


Learn how Lenovo plans to use Google's Motorola Mobility to become a global leader in the competitive smartphone market.
In the past two weeks, Lenovo (NASDAQOTH:LNVGY), the world's largest maker of personal computers, has acquired assets worth $5.2 billion. On Jan. 23, the company announced it was buying IBM's (NYSE:IBM) low-end server business. Only a week later, the company announced it will pay $2.9 billion for Google's (NASDAQ:GOOGL) Motorola Mobility.
Lenovo's recent acquisitions show the company's strong will to go beyond PCs and become an important player in the global market for smartphones and servers. However, Lenovo may have a hard time competing against mobile giants Samsung and Apple for market share in smartphones. Can Lenovo transform money-losing Motorola Mobility into a profit-generating business unit, and at the same time, turn around IBM's low-margin server business?
In the face of a shrinking PC industry, Lenovo knew that it would have to enter new markets in order to sustain revenue growth. That's why the company decided to manufacture smartphones, inspired by the massive success of Apple and Samsung. At the same time, Lenovo got interested in manufacturing and selling low-end servers as a way of entering the huge market for enterprise technology.
Aiming to replicate its PC success in the smartphone world, the company adopted an aggressive pricing strategy, which -- combined with high quality standards in product design and manufacturing -- allowed Lenovo to quickly capture market share in emerging economies like China. This helped the company to become the world's fourth-largest smartphone maker, according to IDC Research.
Still, Lenovo's market share for the fourth quarter of 2013 was only 4.9%, well below Samsung's 28.8% and Apple's 17.9%. Moreover, most of Lenovo's customers are concentrated in China.
In this context, the company realized it had to accelerate its mobile plans by acquiring a mobile manufacturer with high exposure to western markets, like BlackBerry or Google's Motorola Mobility. Only such a move could allow Lenovo to quickly expand its smartphone sales beyond China, where it has been the second-largest smartphone player since 2012.
Motorola Mobility was particularly attractive to Lenovo's management, due to the company's strong relationships with retailers and carriers in North America and Latin America. Further, by acquiring Motorola Mobility, Lenovo is getting access to more than 30 years of expertise in the mobile industry, robust research and development, and a portfolio of well-known products with strong brand awareness.
In a way, the Motorola Mobility deal offered Lenovo similar capabilities and assets to what IBM offered the Chinese manufacturer back in 2004, when Big Blue sold its PC unit to Lenovo.
Lenovo is one of the most ambitious tech companies in the world. The company is adept at transforming older brands into revenue-generating machines -- which is how it became the world's biggest PC manufacturer after the IBM unit acquisition.
Now, the company wants to use its tech expertise, aggressive pricing strategy, and high quality standards in manufacturing to win in the global smartphone market.
From Google's point of view, the Motorola Mobility acquisition may be a blessing, as the company is getting rid of a division that loses money. Google now can devote more resources to Android. For Lenovo, there are plenty of risks, like the possibility of a corporate culture clash, dealing with low margins for several quarters, or the absence of an economic moat.
That being said, investors should not underestimate Lenovo's ability to turn around businesses. After all, 10 years ago, nobody would have suspected Lenovo would end up becoming the world's biggest PC maker by transforming IBM's iconic ThinkPad brand into a revenue-generating machine, beating well-known competitors such as Dell and Hewlett-Packard.


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Sainik School Rewa is one of the 28 Sainik Schools of India.  It is a purely residential school for boys.  The medium of instruction is English.  Established by Government of India on 20 July 1962 at the sprawling estate known as Yuvraj Bhawan which belonged to Maharaja Martand Singh Judeo, Yuvraj of former Princely state of Rewa, the school prepares boys to join the armed forces. The school has contributed about 950 officers.  It is affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education and is a member of Indian Public Schools Conference (IPSC).

The school prepares boys for entry into the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla, Pune and Indian Naval Academy (INA).

Administration
The administration of Sainik School is vested in an autonomous body known as Sainik Schools Society under Ministry of Defence, India. Sainik Schools Society is headed by the Board of Governors under the Chairmanship of Raksha Mantri. The Chief Ministers/Education Ministers of the states where the Sainik Schools are located, are members of the Board of Governors. There is a Local Board of Administration for each school with a senior defense service officer as its Chairman. The Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Central Air Command, Allahabad is the Chairman of the board for Sainik School Rewa. The Principal is the administrative and academic head of the institute. He is assisted by two other service officers viz. Headmaster and Registrar. The service officers are specialty selected and are on deputation from Ministry of Defense.

Campus

Sainik School Rewa is located in Rewa, in the Indian state Madhya Pradesh. The campus spreads across  of land. The climate of Rewa is dry in summer and quite cold in winters.  Rewa is located on the Varanasi–Kanyakumari highway (NH 7) at a distance of 550 km  from Bhopal, 235 km from Jabalpur and 578 km from Raipur.  It is accessible by road and rail.  The school is 2 km from Rewa Bus stand and 6 km away from Rewa Railway Station. Direct trains are available from Bhopal, Jabalpur, Allahabad and New Delhi.

Main building
The main building houses the administrative office and the office of the Principal, Head Master and Registrar of the school. It has class-rooms for all the students from class VI to XII, an IT centre with fifty computers, laboratories (Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Languages), Auditorium, Library, Art Room, Audio-Visual Room, Wood, Metal and Electrical Workshop.

Hostel Blocks
The school is fully residential. All cadets are accommodated in Dormitories/Hostels (referred as Houses) under direct supervision of Housemasters who act as their guides and guardians. The housemasters are assisted in their job by attached housemaster and Matron/Hostel Superintendents who take care of cadets' personal hygiene and comforts. At present the school has five senior and five junior Houses. Earlier there were three junior houses that were named after the characters of the Mahabharata and Ramayana namely Abhimanyu, Bharat and Luv-Kush.

Senior Houses are named after important rivers and mountain ranges of Madhya Pradesh. The hostels have study room, recreation area, colour TV sets, table tennis rooms etc.

Cadets Mess
The campus has a central mess which caters for members in one sitting. Both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food is served as per choice of the cadets.

Athletic Field
The campus has many playgrounds for different games. Campus has basketball courts, volleyball courts, hockey ground, tennis court, skating rink, swimming pool, horse riding facilities and football fields. It also has one athletic field where annual athletic events are conducted, the field has 400 meter track for racing and other track events, it also has pole vault, high jump, long jump, hammer throw, short-put and triple jump fields. There are three helipads in athletic field.

Admissions
Admissions are given in Class VI, Class IX and Class XI. Admission for classes VI and IX is carried out on the basis of an entrance exam usually held in January. An interview is conducted at Sainik School Rewa and a Medical Exam at Military Hospital Jabalpur.  Admission for class XI is carried out on the basis of the class X results of same year, interview and medical exam. Only science stream is available in the school.

Sale of Admission Form : During the month of October to December

Last date of Submission of Admission form : First week of December

Date of Entrance exam : First Sunday of January

N.C.C.
N.C.C. is an integral part of students' life in Sainik School Rewa. The School has an Independent Company of Junior and Senior Division N.C.C. as integral part. N.C.C. unit of school comprises all the three wings of defence services i.e. the Army, Navy and Air Force.

Sports and Games
Morning P.T. and evening games are compulsory for all cadets. The School has facilities for Volleyball, Basketball, Football, Badminton, Hockey and Tennis. The school has a gym. Coaching is provided by qualified instructors for most of the games. Indoor games like TT, Chess and Carrom are also available. The School has an obstacle course to test and improve students' courage, physical endurance and physique. P.T. is compulsory and all students are to take part in regular physical training, including cross country runs. Centralised  mountaineering and trekking courses are also conducted  by the Sainik Schools Society.

Alumni
Alumni of the Sainik School Rewa or SSR are known as Sainwinian. The school counts numerous politicians, bureaucrats, doctors, engineers, journalists, entrepreneurs, business leaders and a legion of military leaders as its alumni.

Satyavrat Chaturvedi and Sundar Lal Tiwari both active politicians are product of SSR.
	Lt Gen K. T. Parnaik, PVSM, UYSM, YSM (Retd) - Governor of Arunachal Pradesh
   Lt Gen A. K. Singh, PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC (Retd) -  Lieutenant Governor of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.	(Retd)
	Lt Gen Munish Sibal, PVSM, AVSM** (Retd)
	Lt Gen DS Chauhan, PVSM., AVSM (Retd)
	Maj Gen MP Singh (Retd)
   Kuldeep Kumar Kohli, Group Executive Director, HFCL
	Air Vice Marshal Navin Verma, AVSM (Retd)
	Air Vice Marshal AK Tiwari (Retd)
	Air Marshal PK Roy, PVSM, AVSM, VM, VSM, ADC (Retd)
	Lt Gen Sandeep Singh, AVSM*, SM, VSM
	Lt Gen AT Parnaik SM, VSM
	Maj Gen NP Gadkari
	Maj Gen PN Tripathi, VSM
	Vice Admiral Dinesh Prabhakar, NM, VSM
	Maj Gen VP Chaturvedi
	Rear Admiral Rakesh Pandit NM
	Vice Admiral Atul Jain VSM
   Lokesh Kumar Jatav, IAS
   Rohit Singh, IAS
   Subir Kumar Das, Sound Engineer
   Lt Gen Upendra Dwivedi AVSM

The school alumni have received 3 Vir Chakra, 3 Shaurya Chakra, 4 Sena Medal (Gallantry) and numerous distinguish service medals.

References

External links

 Sainik Schools Society
 Old Website of Sainik School, Rewa
 SSR Messageboard

Sainik schools
Schools in Madhya Pradesh
Boys' schools in India
Educational institutions established in 1962
Boarding schools in Madhya Pradesh
1962 establishments in Madhya Pradesh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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