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The Newly Established Polish Air Force and the Polish Bolshevik War
The legacy of the three partitions of Poland in the late 18th century by Prussia, Russia and Austria posed many unique challenges to the newly resurrected Polish State in 1918.
Aside from three different government legal systems, two different rail gauges, on Polish lands and ravaged by World War 1, Polish men had served in three different militaries. This resulted in ethnic Poles often facing and fighting each other across the battlefield when German or Austro-Hungarian forces battled the Russians on the eastern front. Their lives were sacrificed for the countries which had destroyed Polish independence and subjugated the population.
With the autumn of 1918's collapse of the German and Austrian empires, a Polish Regency Council was formed on October 7, 1918, which declared the establishment of an independent Polish State. Immediately, a number of spontaneously improvised military units arose throughout the country. On November 11, 1918, Józef Pilsudski, returned to Warsaw from German captivity and declared himself the commander in chief of the Armed Forces and the National Leader, until a civilian leader was found.
With the end of hostilities and the evacuation of Austrian and German forces from declared Polish territories, there was a race to acquire by negotiation, occupation or armed conflict, abandoned aircraft, airfields, parts, weapons and engines. In addition to obtaining these resources from the occupying power, the Poles were in competition with the new countries forming from the ashes of the old empires. Many of the aircraft, although some fairly modern, however, were worn out or damaged with need of maintenance and repair.
A service branch called Lotnictwo Wojskowe (Army Aviation), under the command of former Austrian colonel Lassowski was established in December 1918. There were more pilots than planes for them to fly. Some pilots had served in the air forces of the three partitioning power, gaining considerable experience as pilots and ground crew, along with combat experience. The top Austro-Hungarian ace, for example, was Godwin Bromowski from Wadowice, who had 35 confirmed kills. Though with different flying experiences and tactics they could have aided Poland in organizing an air service, leading squadrons or work on staff operations during the various border disputes with Germany, Lithuania and Czechoslovakia and the wars with the Ukrainians and later the Bolsheviks.
An inventory of aircraft on January 16, 1919, indicated that 237 aircraft had been captured from the three occupying powers. Only 185 were serviceable and many engines and parts were purchased from Germany, which was barred from having an air force. The 237 aircraft were divided up into 45 different types of fighters, bombers, trainers and observation aircraft were acquired this way, resulting in a logistical supply and training nightmare. The Poles had seized Austrian Albatros D-III and D-V fighters, Fokker D-VII and D-VIII from Germany. A Polish aviation corps had been established after the February Revolution of 1917 (Kerensky) in Russia, using French Nieuport and SPAD fighters. After the Bolshevik Revolution (Lenin) of November 1917, German troops disarmed the Polish forces and interned the troops. These joined the Polish Air Service following the end of the Great War. With the end of hostilities and the disarray in Central Europe, various Russian, Austrian and German planes were seized. Other planes were bought as countries reduced their arms. The LW purchased Ansaldo A.1 Balilla fighters from Italy, Bristol F2B and Sopwith Camel fighters from Great Britain, along with Spad XIII fighters from France, among others. Bomber/reconnaissance aircraft included De Havilland DH 9s from Great Britain, Breguet 14s from France and LVG C 5.
Obviously, maintenance and repair facilities were badly needed to build, rebuild, repair and test these aircraft and engines. Several were captured, including Lawica airfield and repair shops near Poznan. It was captured from German troops after a short 20-minute skirmish, becoming one of the most important air facilities during the early days of Poland's struggle for survival. Mokotow airfield and repair facilities near Warsaw was abandoned by the departing Germans and heavily utilized. Former Austrian airfields and repair facilities such as Rakowicz (near Kraków), Lewandowska (near Lwów) and Hureczko (near Przemysl). The last two were important because they could have just as easily been occupied by the Ukrainian forces during the 1918-1919 battles for the Eastern borderlands. All these facilities, along with several more, immediately began repairing, test flying and returning to service engines and aircraft for use in the coming conflicts. Some also conducted pilot training for new LW pilots.
From 1918 to 1920 the LW conducted military operations against Ukrainian, Russian, German and Lithuanian forces, mainly to settle border location disputes and thus reclaim Polish territories lost during the partitions. The early operations were against Ukrainian forces threatening Lwów. The Austrians, who had always played both sides against each other, favored the Ukraine as the Empire was imploding. In early November 1918 Polish forces in the south commenced operations against Ukrainian forces which had cut off Lwów and its majority Polish population from central Poland. The early occupation of the Lewandowska airfield gave a slight advantage to the Poles. The first Polish operational sortie was flown on November 5 (the WW1 ceasefire was still almost a week away). A single plane attack by an LW Brandenburg C.1 was successfully made on the Ukrainian controlled Persenkowka railway station in Lwow, which was freed from the enemy on November 22. Keeping the rail link open to Polish forces in Przemysl was a priority, especially when the Ukrainians launched a counter-attack in March 1919. During the siege Polish observation planes shot down two Ukrainian aircraft and on April 29, Lt. Stec, flying a Fokker D-VIII, scored the first ever LW dog fight victory by downing a Ukrainian Nieuport. Overall, though, little air-to-air combat took place in the war, as most missions were reconnaissance, bombing and ground attack.
In the Northern theater (Lithuanian-Byelorussian front), the situation was much the same. Bolshevik pilots, flying former Czarist aircraft purchased from France during WW1 were active, but exhibited a reluctance to engage in air-to-air combat. Bolshevik forces were pushed back and Wilno was liberated on April 19, 1919, by a combination of Polish, Lithuanian and Byelorussian forces. The offensive continued and the Bolsheviks had to abandon Minsk.
To distinguish Polish aircraft from those of her enemies, a standardized marking had to be selected and applied to the aircraft. First was a red and white shield (Fig. 1), next a white square with a red "Z" in the middle was tried (Fig. 2). Finally, a red and white checkerboard was selected. It had been the personal marking of former Austrian fighter pilot Lt. Stefan Stec (Fig. 3). This insignia, with little modification (Fig. 4), is still carried by Polish military aircraft today.
During the two conflicts the LW operated small numbers of aircraft, often less than 20 at each front. Acquiring war supplies was a problem with communist leaning agitators in Great Britain and Italy disrupted the loading of aircraft and other material on ships bound for Poland. The German military evacuating Danzig (Gdańsk) sabotaged port facilities and unsympathetic Czech rail workers interfered with shipments to Poland. This may have been due more to territorial disputes on the Polish Czech border rather than Communist sympathies. Interestingly enough, Fokker D-VII fighters were purchased from Germany, although delivery was very slow, along with aircraft engines which were delivered with fewer delays. Of course, the Germans were trying to unload their "forbidden" Air Force.
However, help was on the way from France. In the latter part of the war after the first Russian revolution and America's entry into the war, on June 4, 1917, French President Poincare established a Polish Army to be equipped, trained and led by the French, until trained Polish higher officers could take over. While basically an infantry force, plans were made to establish a modern air force and a tank regiment. The pilots were from various sources, Poles in French service, Poles in a Russian Expeditionary Corps sent to France early in the war, even a few defectors from the Imperial German Air Corps. Poles from America were introduced to the air service, but only a small number became pilots. I had the pleasure to interview the son of a volunteer who became an observer/gunner (Fig. 5). The French eventually organized seven squadrons and supporting services. Many of the positions were filled by "contracted" Frenchmen, to be replaced by the Poles who "shadowed" the French. Sent to the Lwów area, the "Blue Army", commanded since October 1918 by General Józef Haller, brought 101 new aircraft. They started offensive operations on May 14, 1919, securing Lwów on May 27. The LW flew about 160 sorties, dropped 16,000 lbs. of bombs, expended 12,000 rounds of machine gun ammunition and took 100 photographs. Often flying at tree top level, the LW lost three aircraft shot down and three damaged. The French high command, which still had control over the 80,000-man Blue Army, ordered a withdrawal of that Army to Poland's frontier with Germany. The Allies had not fought against the Ukrainians in the Great War, so Allied troops could not fight them.
While not attached to the Blue Army, the first group of American volunteer pilots, arrived in Poland in the spring of 1919. They were disguised as enlisted members of the Typhoid Relief Mission under Hoover. Rather than forming a distinct unit, they were amalgamated to the 7th Fighter Squadron in Lwów. Captain Meriam C. Cooper, a veteran of the US Army Air Corps, had gone to Poland to assist in the Hoover typhoid mission in late 1918. Upon his return to Paris, he contacted Major Cedric S. Fauntleroy, a volunteer in the French Air Forces' 94th Aero Squadron, aka as the Lafayette Escadrille. Fauntleroy joined the Army Air Corps when the Americans began to arrive "Over There", and stayed in Europe after his discharge. Fauntleroy and Cooper found some other adventurous pilots and they presented themselves to Maestro Ignace Paderewski. Since the only Polish Uniforms available were from the Blue Army, this became their uniform. Eventually 17 Americans served in the Kościuszko Squadron, to repay the debt.
In 1942, Lieutenant Colonel Fauntleroy presented souvenirs and memorabilia to the PMA (or the Museum and Archives of the Polish Roman Catholic Union as it was then known). Among the items is his French aviator uniform, helmet and goggles, a drawing and a copy of "Colonel Fauntleroy and his Squadron" written by Meriam Cooper, translated into Polish and published in Chicago in 1922 by the Faunt-Le-Roy, Harrison and Company.
In the book, we have a description of the previously mentioned drawing (Fig. 6)
"After the American Christmas celebration, a delegation of Polish NCOs came and invited the co-founders to their celebration. As a present they gave him a sketch with the likeness of Kosciuszko and addressed to: 'Our Beloved Commander, as a Souvenir of the Christmas Holyday spent in free Poland in Lwów, December 1919, the NCOs of the 7th Squadron named in honor of Kosciuszko.'
The artist showed Polish planes flying above Lwów, which was shown as a large city with big cupolas and high towers, thousands of buildings Next was drawn the ocean, and on the other side of the ocean one saw the Statue of Liberty, next to it a small village, surrounded by fields and forests. We smiled to ourselves, seeing that our soldier artist envisioned New York as a small village, next to Lwów.
By the autumn of 1919, the Ukrainian leader, Symen Petlura offered a truce to the Poles, proposing a joint effort against the Bolsheviks. This eventually took place in the spring of 1920. A large Bolshevik force was assembled to threaten Ukraine. Polish pilots saw some of this activity and the Polish cryptological service was able to decipher messages sent over radio. (This salute to the Polish codebreakers was kept quiet prior to World War 2, so as not to warn Poland's enemies regarding their capabilities. Of course during the Communist Decades, very little was presented about the 1920 war. It wasn't until recently that the Code breakers were named and honored showing that the pre-World War 2 Enigma project was in a line of Polish Military Intelligence successes).
With the end of winter, a large Bolshevik Army again posed a threat to Ukraine, but a preemptive strike by Polish forces, supported by a few Ukrainian divisions, was launched by Pilsudski on April 25, 1920. These attacks captured Kiev and forced the Bolshevik forces across the Dnieper. The use of rail transport assisted the rapid movement of LW ground support assets and one squadron actually used the Kiev airfield as a forward base by May 8. However, a massive Bolshevik counter attack north of the Pripet marshes and Budyenny's cavalry Army south of the marshes drove back the Poles to the Wisła river in the north and threatened Lwów again in the south. The LW suffered severe losses in carrying out their missions of slowing down the Red advance, performing reconnaissance and engaging the Bolshevik air arm. The Poles were down to 20 planes, but a shipment of Bristol F2B fighters arrived from Britain in time to raise the LW strength up to about 80 aircraft.
On August 14, an offensive, initiated by Marshal Pilsudski and finalized by his chief of staff, General (and former Austrian Field Marshal) Tadeusz Rozwadowski, exploited a gap between two Bolshevik armies on the northern enemy force and completely unhinged their offensive. LW aircraft mercilessly attacked the Bolsheviks chasing them back east towards Wilno and forcing some to retreat north, where they were interned in East Prussia by the Germans. The southern arm of the Bolshevik offensive was unable to support the northern arm, due to a fierce last ditch Polish stand before Lwów. The LW, including the 7th "Kościuszko" Squadron, had only an average of 16 available aircraft, but attacked the Horse Army of Budyenny for three days. From August 16 to 18 nearly 18,000 lbs. of bombs and 27, 000 rounds of ammunition were unleashed on the Red Cavalry causing carnage and terror among the troopers! In addition to the most modern destruction of the early 20th century, the Horse Army was defeated on August 30th at the battle of Komarów, where the last great cavalry battle on European soil took place. When the Bolsheviks could stand it no more, they retreated back east.
The LW contributed successfully to the Polish victory in 1920, especially in air reconnaissance and observation. Polish forces seem to have had the greater advantage in this area than their enemies. "Dog fighting" as seen on the Western Front of World War 1, and evoking images of the Red Baron and Allied heroes, did not happen here. It is evident in the fact that the Poles shot down four Bolshevik and three Ukrainian machines. The "Bolos" shot down 3 LW airplanes in air to air engagements, with another 34 lost to ground fire. Ukrainian ground defenses accounted for eight more LW losses. Some air combat took place between Lithuanian and German forces with the LW.
The Battle of Warsaw, or "The Miracle on the Wisła" is rated as the 18 most decisive battle in chronological order. Considering that it not only saved Poland but quite likely all of Central and Western Europe from a Communist takeover, its importance might rank higher as more historians study the conflict
Glenn Cekus
Belcarz, Bartłomiej and Pęczkowswki, Robert White Eagles The Aircraft, Men and Operations of the Polish Air Force 1918-1939, 2001, Hikoki Publications Great Britian
pg 18 (Fig.3) shipping planes by train (Fig. 4) The large eye is the emblem of the Observor's School in Poznan and Bydgoszcz
pg 19 (Fig.2) Second Polish Air Force Insignia
Cynk, Jerzy B. The Polish Air Force at War The Official History Vol. 1 1939-1943 1998 Schiffer Military History Altglen, PA
Photos pg 27 (Fig.1) First Polish Air Force Insignia
Polish Museum of America Archives:
(Fig. 5) Jan Kostecki (3rd from left with moustache) standing with other trainees/graduates of the French Air Forced Observer's Course. Courtesy of his son, Don Kostecki. Donated in 1918
(Fig. 6) The drawing presented to LTC Fauntleroy by the NCOs and Mechanics of the 7th Squadron commemorating the first Christmas in a Free Poland and the city of Lwów
Army Aviation, Bolshevik War, facts, history, partition, poland
Małgorzata Kot says:
Congratulations Glenn and sincere thank you for your knowegde, time and dedication!
Glenn Cekus says:
Mr. Jan Lorys, also extremely knowledgeable in Polish military history and a PMA employee, also contributed much important information to this article. Thank you, Jan.
Your ticket for: The Newly Established Polish Air Force and the Polish Bolshevik War


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To conclude, I have throughout the course of this essay outlined different instances of conflict within the play. The whole basis of Romeo and Juliet is the way in which the conflict between the Montagues and Capulets lead to the tragedy between the lovers.
The feuding families set the scene for the tragedy between their youngest members and so the theme of conflict undepins all of the action within the play. The conflict within romeo and juliet is essential to bring together the star crossed lovers in their quest to be together forever this type of play would have been a medioca love story with out the montagues and capulets rivalry.
The start of the conflict is when benvolio gets murdered, this is a monumental murder which starts of the battle for romeo and juliet and their love for each other and their families.
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Collecting Guide: Oriental rugs and carpets
by carpetu2 · Published September 13, 2018 · Updated July 12, 2019
Specialist Louise Broadhurst gives six tips for would be carpet-collectors, from identifying natural dyes, to finding the right setting on your vacuum cleaner — with lots from our upcoming Oriental Rugs and Carpets auction in London
Carpets have been collectors' items for centuries: we know from inventories that Henry VIII owned several hundred Turkish rugs, some of which appear in his many portraits by Hans Holbein — the paintings preserving the memory of objects which have nearly all since disappeared. Keen Persian rug collectors included Cornelius Vanderbilt and Sigmund Freud, who kept a rug draped over the couch where he saw his clients.
1. Get to know your knots, warps and wefts
A 'Lotto' rug, Probably Ushak, West Anatolia, First half 17th century. Estimate: £10,000-15,000. This rug is offered in our Oriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
Antique Oriental rugs were woven on a traditional loom with strands of cotton, silk or wool, called warps, stretched vertically between two wooden horizontal beams. The weaver then passed rows of silk, cotton or wool, called wefts, in alternation over and under each adjacent warp. The warp and the weft constitute the basic foundation of most carpets. The weaver then repeatedly introduces rows of looped 'knots' in between several wefts that are then uniformly clipped to produce the pile. The higher the number of knots the finer the rug will be and the more intricate the pattern will become. This technique proved so effective that little has changed and carpets are made using these same methods today.
2. A carpet can capture its place of production
Most carpets and rugs are classified by the surroundings in which they were woven — whether hand woven upon the small loom of a nomadic tribe, part of a cottage industry within a local village, or produced in a professional or Royal workshop within a city.
Royal carpets: Made in the 16th and 17th century for the Islamic courts, Royal carpets had the greatest influence of all on carpet design, though relatively few survive today. (See the mid-17th century Comtesse de Behague Vase carpet that sold for £6,201,250 on 15 April 2010 at Christie's London)
Tribal carpets: Nomadic, or tribal carpets, like the Kurdish rug below, are produced by different ethnic groups; predominantly woven for their tribe's own use, rather than as commissions or to be sold, their designs are a reflection of distinct tribal histories and traditions. Whilst the carpets could be as long as they wished, the width of their rugs could never exceed eight foot, the standard size of the loom.
A Kurdish rug, South Caucasus, circa 1890. Estimate: £4,000-6,000. This rug is offered in our Oriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
Village carpets: Carpets like the one below were produced in settled environments: the loom was erected within the home and the carpets woven without a drawn design, relying on the memory of the women who wove them. This strategy meant that each of the carpets contained small idiosyncrasies, both in their construction and pattern — a factor which only adds to their charm. Upon completion, carpets were taken to the nearest regional market, where they would carry the name of that village. Here, they would either be sold to locals, or handled by a merchant for export.
A Karabagh kelleh, south Caucasus, early 19th century. Estimate: £20,000-30,000. This rug is offered in ourOriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
Town carpets: Cities such as Tabriz, Heriz and Kashan (see example below) are synonymous with carpet weaving. In the last quarter of the 19th century workshops were established specifically to meet the demands of the Western market, with master weavers overseeing the production of finely woven rugs and carpets. One of the most famous workshops in Kashan was that of Hajji Mollah Hassan Mohtasham, whose carpets are recognisable by the harmony of their design and colouring, the purple silk finish of the selvedge (the material binding each side cord) and the maker's consistent use of the very best wool, which contained a particularly high quantity of lanolin.
A Kashan 'Mohtasham' rug. Central Persia, circa 1890. Estimate: £7,000-10,000. This rug is offered in ourOriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
Ziegler: By 1883, European demand for Persian carpets had grown so great that the Manchester based firm Ziegler and Co (see below) opened its first factory in the district of Sultanabad, West Persia.
A Ziegler Carpet. Sultanabad District, West Persia, circa 1890. Estimate: £12,000-18,000. This rug is offered in our Oriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
3. Look for harmonious designs, with a movement and balance
A silk Kashan carpet, central Persia, circa 1900. Estimate: £20,000-30,000. This rug is offered in ourOriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
A massive Lahore carpet, North India, circa 1930. Estimate: £20,000-30,000. This rug is offered in ourOriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
Perhaps one of the most important aspects to consider when buying a carpet is its design. Is it balanced, well-spaced and harmonious? Does it have a sense of movement, spatial depth and clarity? If these elements are lacking then very often the design may have been misunderstood and one is left with a carpet that is visually not that beautiful.
On the silk Kashan carpet shown above and left, the design is clearly centred by a lobed medallion which is enclosed, but not crowded, by a palmette and cloud-band scrolling vine. The cornflower blue field draws you deeper as it hides behind the cusped spandrels — the ornamental decoration within each corner of the field, which resemble sweeping curtains — revealing another plane beneath. The whole carpet is framed by a well-spaced, decorative border, that brings perfect balance to the overall scheme.
Some designs have been used repeatedly throughout the centuries in various guises. Early 16th and 17th century Safavid designs have proved particularly popular, such as the 'Vase' design of south east Persian Kirman carpets which is re-interpreted in the impressive Indian Lahore carpet shown above, right.
4. For richer colour, look for naturally-dyed carpets
A Bakshaish carpet, West Persia, circa 1890. Estimate: £12,000-15,000. This rug is offered in our Oriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
A key advantage when buying an antique carpet is its use of hand spun, naturally dyed yarns, the subtleties of which cannot be reproduced by synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes began to be used in around 1860 and many collectors disregard carpets woven after this point as the colours fade with time and fail to have the soft hues and nuances of natural dyes.
Certain colours are considered rarer than others and are actively sought after such as Tyrian purple, saffron yellow, cochineal rose and certain shades of green. A tell-tale sign of whether or not a carpet is woven with naturally dyed wool is if it includes tonal changes within a certain colour forming visible bands called abrashes. These occur as each batch of dipped yarn has a marginally different saturation of dye.
5. Be smart when carrying out care or restoration
A Ningxia Pillar carpet, North China. Estimate: £8,000-10,000. This rug is offered in our Oriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 6 October at Christie's London
As with any work of art, antique carpets require a certain amount of care and attention. Generally speaking, the earlier the rug was woven, the more wear and restoration is accepted, as collectors place less importance on the condition and more on its rarity and artistic merit. If a rug has been over restored however, or restored to a poor standard, this can have a negative impact on the overall appearance and value of a carpet. Chemical washing, extreme sun-fading, staining or a reduction in size are all key aspects to be aware of, as they are often irreversible and will inevitably affect the rugs's value.
Silk fibres are much more fragile than wool and as a result are more prone to wear. They are also susceptible to humidity and if they become wet and dry incorrectly the foundation will become dry and brittle and splits will begin to appear. If an antique carpet has been cared for well, however, it can last for years — much more so than a lesser quality modern rug which is part of a mass commercial production.
6. Storing and carpet care
It is important to regularly clean a carpet. This can be done with a light setting on a domestic hoover or if it requires a more thorough clean then it should be handled by a professional carpet cleaner. Before storing carpets, roll them from the bottom, pile facing inwards. When storing a silk carpet roll it with the pile on the outside as this places less strain on the foundation. Never fold a rug or carpet as this will cause it to crack over time. Insect damage, flooding or mildew damage are the most common problems we see when a carpet has been poorly stored so it is important to check on them regularly.
Whatever type of carpet one is collecting, whether it be early fragments, tribal trappings or decorative floor coverings, the enjoyment of collecting should be paramount.
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A Brief History of Persian Rugs in Iran
by carpetu2 · Published October 29, 2018 · Last modified November 1, 2018
Oriental rugs: the meanings behind the designs
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Oriental Rugs for Every Space
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June 1-4 we are hosting the 7th annual conference on Discourse Analysis in Educational Research. Three of the previous conferences have been held at OSU, three at Indiana University. At the heart of the conference are small group sessions devoted to sharing and discussing work-in-progress. In addition to work-in-progress groups, the conference also includes keynote panel discussions, and lots of informal time for talking, smoozing and breaking bread together. I will bring to my working group data on pointing practices in Qur'anic school interaction.
May 22 and 23 I will be at the University of Notre Dame for a working conference, Learning In and Out of School: Education across the Globe, organized by Professor Susan Blum. The conference centers on one question: what can we learn about the range of human learning, in schools and out of schools, at various ages, that has significant effects on individual and social well-being? We will address both theory – exploring what educational practices reveal about the nature of humankind – and practice – identifying applications that may improve the everyday learning of children and adults. Participants include scholars and practitioners who focus on societies around the world. We will look at the issues of schooling – or not schooling – from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives. My working paper is 'Double schooling in northern Cameroon and Central Ohio'.
Ethnographer of family life Shirley Brice Heath will be at OSU to give a talk, 'Special-Interest Learning: The new best friend for education leaders?', as well as to participate in other, smaller events with faculty and students of the School of Educational Policy and Leadership and the School of Teaching and Learning. The talk and panel discussion, part of the Karlsberger/Charters Lecture Series, take place 11-12 am on Tuesday, May 8 in the College Commons, Ramseyer Hall 260. Professor Heath is the author of Words at work and play: Three decades in families and communities (Cambridge, 2012) and the classic Ways with Words: Language, life, and work in communities and classrooms (Cambridge, 1983/1996).


Since starting an Asian skincare routine, the number of items in my regimen have increased quite a bit! While I've tested out a number of products this past year, I've settled into my current routine outlined below.
Ultra Gentle Cleanser by Face Reality: Face Reality is a Bay Area acne clinic that sells products, provides training services, and offers treatment programs.
Manyo Factory Galactomyces Niacin Special Treatment Essence: I apply a galactomyces product twice a day to maximize its benefits.
Mizon Snail Recovery Gel Cream: This light, occlusive moisturizer seals everything in without feeling too heavy on my face. It also has snail secretion filtrate to help combat wrinkles!
Bioré UV Rich Watery Essence: I switched from my previous sunscreen after falling in love with this one. Unlike previous sunscreens I've used, the Bioré UV Rich Watery Essence doesn't leave a white cast or any oily residue on my face.
8% Mandelic Acid Serum by Face Reality: I've reduced my my alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) use to once a day because twice a day use was wrecking havoc on my moisture barrier. I was worried I would have more breakouts as a result, but that has yet to happen.
5% Benzyl Peroxide + Sulfur by Face Reality: Used occasionally to spot treat pimples.
Stratia Liquid Gold: I credit this ceramide product with repairing my skin's moisture barrier (also known as the stratum corneum).
In the next few months, I'll be testing out some new moisturizers and essences. I'm excited to see what improvements I can make to my skincare routine!
I've never tried micellar water, but I've heard great things about it. I definitely don't drink enough water and made it a goal to change that this year! Any excuse to eat sushi is a great one!


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Woohyun Strengthens His Ballad Niche with Write..
Qing
Since Infinite's debut six years ago, the K-pop scene has evolved in many ways. The scene has seen a rise in idol soloists, including Infinite's own leader Sunggyu with his well-received but rather under-appreciated mini albums, Another Me and 27. After years of anticipation from fans, the group's other main vocalist, Woohyun, has made his solo debut with Write.., a mini album of ballads.
The album has been performing quite well on charts and in sales, selling out all 50,000 copies the very day pre-sales began. Its design also led to an amusing episode: it created much confusion for fans who were unable to open it, prompting producer J. Yoon (also a member of M.C the Max) to come to the rescue by uploading a tutorial on his Instagram. This would not be the first time J. Yoon has worked with Infinite; he previously composed Toheart's "Maze" and a number of B-sides for Infinite, including "Tic Toc" and "Voice of My Heart."
K-pop has been bringing some solid ballads this year, and the tracks off Write.. add to this string of success in the genre. The first track is "Write..," a short instrumental prologue. The delicate tinkling of the piano and wispy string accompaniment evoke mild sorrow, setting the tone for the rest of the album.
The title track "Nodding" expresses the loneliness and emptiness experienced by a person following a breakup. The song opens by layering Woohyun's vocalisation over the gentle rocking rhythm of the bass line and the rise and fall of strings. This creates a faraway mood that conveys the person's mix of nostalgia and regret while thinking about his ex-lover:
I cry because I can't forget
I cry although I want to forget
In the end, it's greed, it's all my fault
There's no place for me to hide in my heart
Woohyun has a clear, mellow voice that is well-suited for ballads. His falsettos transition smoothly and are well-controlled. The wistful delivery tones down the slight melodramatic slant to the lyrics, creating a restrained but palpable melancholic mood that makes the ballad exceptional.
Next up is "That Person." The opening piano melody and strings remind me of sageuk OSTs. The lyrics also present the thoughts of someone after a breakup, but with a more bitter tone in addition to a sense of regret. It expresses hurt and sadness more openly than "Nodding":
To you, I'm already
A person that you can't see or hear
Even if I had shouted at you
I would have been a person that you had already forgotten
Ballad lyrics often use nature metaphors, and here motifs of light and shadow are used to reflect the changes in the relationship. The build up to the lines "I remember when I was a shining light to you / But now I'm a shadow to you" make for a particularly heart-wrenching moment. This track sounds like something a younger singer would cover on Immortal Song many years later, and it is a personal favourite of mine alongside the title track.
Woohyun has recently been trying his hand in composing, and he pushes on with this endeavour in this album, contributing to the next three tracks. "Scent," for which he both penned lyrics and composed music, continues revolving around post-breakup sentiments:
Drunk in your scent, I return again [to the past] Your scent makes me look back
In this chorus, the instrumentals bloom and spread like the scent of the persona's ex-girlfriend, carrying the listener and him into the past. Again, Woohyun's falsettos hit the mark. The song is a pleasant listen and sufficiently conveys longing, but it doesn't stand out very much in terms of lyrics.
"Gravity" has a markedly different sound from the previous three ballads; it is a welcome break from the slower pace. Genre-wise, it leans more toward pop rock with its use of electric guitar and drums. Musically, it reminds me of the Chinese and Japanese pop rock ballads I listened to in my early teens. The song expresses this persona's vivid recollections of an ex-lover, expressing his regret and promise to cherish her although she is gone.
The mood quietens back down a little in "Stand by Me". The opening pairs piano chords with breathy vocals, before building up slightly with the entry of guitar and drums. Sound-wise, it is reminiscent of CN Blue's slower tracks; Woohyun sounds remarkably like Yonghwa in the line "I have no one to blame but myself." The guitar chords lend a brighter feeling to this song compared to the previous ballads on the album. The persona also addresses his ex-lover more directly than before:
I can't go on without you
Can't we turn things back?
But you said you can't love me anymore
In an album that circles around one theme, the lyrics are key to sustaining quality and interest. This is where Write.. falls short, as it does not push beyond familiar figures of speech in ballad lyrics. Hence, instead of adding up to present a more nuanced picture, the break-up sentiments start to wear thin after the first few tracks.
Unlike what Another Me and 27 did for Sunggyu, and what the Toheart releases did for Woohyun, Write.. doesn't quite expose Woohyun to markedly different sounds. Nevertheless, it is a solid, focused album. By starting with a genre that Woohyun is familiar with and good at, and allowing him some artistic freedom, it paves a steady way for what will hopefully be an illustrious solo career.
Album Rating: 3.9/5
Readers, what did you think of the album? What genres and sounds do you hope to hear from Woohyun in future?
(Woollim Entertainment via YouTube, Images via Woollim Entertainment, Lyrics via KBeat, Naver, OSEN, Pann)
Tags: Album Review, Infinite, Woohyun
A small girl with big hair, an even bigger imagination, and a love for stuffed toys and sad songs.
Crush Cracks His Heart Wide Open with 'Interlude'
Vampire Detective, Ep. 7-8: Innocence


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Miranda just can't let Differences between ariel and caliban essay do this alone and uncomforted, so we see them later in another encounter, where they confess their love and promise marriage under the watchful but hidden benevolence of Prospero. Placed in the local cathedral square, it was interpreted as a challenge to Catholicism, and led to widespread protests, especially because the site was normally used for the temporary pulpit erected at the traditional Catholic festival of the Pardon of St Yves.
And the Adventure Continues invites possible sequels. Another, they are both not human, they are some kind of mythical creature. In "Cymbeline," V, 4, a vision of gods and mortals appears to Posthumus, and a written tablet is left, upon whose interpretation depends the denouement.
How about an entire battlefront of characters?
Moral ties are irksome to him; they are not his proper element When he enters their sphere, he feels them to be holy mdeed, but, were he free, he would keep out of their reach and follow the circling seasons in their course, and always dwell merrily in the fringes of summer. In his speech to Alonso, Antonio and Sebastian in Act III, Ariel condemns these three in the same type of authoritarian language which had previously been reserved only to Prospero: The play within the play, framed and acted before the court, whether like the scene of his father's death or not, is near enough to "catch the conscience of a king.
This is what Jung called synchronicity. Caliban If Caliban strikes us as a more wonderful creation than Ariel, it is probably because he has more in common with us, without being in any proper sense human. Ariel occupies the most important role of the play during the last two acts.
Herein is the great fallacy inspired in Israelite pretensions. Now, beginning Act 5, Prospero can turn to resolving things with his proper enemies. Archives and memorabilia[ edit ]. Of course, we understand this to mean that he has lost her to Ferdinand, not to death. Dupanloupwho was involved in organizing the ecclesiastical college of St Nicholas du Chardonneta school in which the young Catholic nobility and the most talented pupils of the Catholic seminaries were to be educated together, with the idea of creating friendships between the aristocracy and the priesthood.
But the magical presence of spirits has cast into the caverns of his brain some faint reflection of a better world; he has taken in some of the epiphanies that throng the enchanted island. Equal pains are taken to surround the ghost and its appearance with all that is ordinarily circumstantial to superstitious beliefs and ghostly appearances in popular legend.
But, as we have seen already, his flashes of excess, initially with Ariel, are easily corrected. Thus each is made, not only a rigidly practical drama of human life, motive and action, strictly governed by natural laws of daily force and operation, but each is also invested with a rare poetic charm such as no dramatist save Shakespeare has ever been able to cast about his work, with the single exception of Goethe, in "Faust," in which, however, the purely poetic supernatural element is employed.
Yet again and again, those pursuing this principle, finding that developments were not to their liking, decided that the solution was simply mass murder. Despite Kaiba's insistence canon-wise that they forget it ever happenedFan Fic writers never seem to get tired of using this house rule and putting unique spins on it.
Will the revolution in his understanding prove so considerable that he will now want to journey to civilization with Prospero's party? Just a spirt O' the proper fiery acid o'er its face And forth the alloy unfastened flies in fume, While self-sufficient now the shape remains.
The errors attributed to the Commune confirmed Renan in this reaction. Similarly, there was a Duke of Milan who was deposed in that era.
This might also lead to Adaptation Expansions when writers remake an existing work with new characters and situations.
They say that the arguments used by Renan at the conference What is a Nation? Parallel stories that may take place concurrently or just subsequently of famous canon events or those same events are seen from a different angle by other characters. As a history of facts and theories, the book has many faults; as an essay on the evolution of the religious idea, it is despite some passages of frivolity, irony, or incoherence of extraordinary importance[ citation needed ]; as a reflection of the mind of Renan, it is the most lifelike of images.
Renan's mother was half Breton. The vicious curses that he had constantly sent to his old master Prospero are replaced by requests to lick the shoe of his new master. Post-Kai fan works are also popular, due to potential plot lines left hanging, like whether Satoshi will ever wake up, what happens to Takano after she is rescued by Tomitakeand what Toyko will do next.
In that line, we get Ragyo's backstory being subject of at least a few, seeing as it has never been seen in the series. I told you, sir, they were red-hot with drinking; So full of valour that they smote the air For breathing in their faces; beat the ground For kissing of their feet; yet always bending Towards their project.
It is not surprising, then, that he presents a highly idealized characterization of the natives of the New World. At the same time, Ariel is very caring he feels bad for the ones being cursed.Joseph Ernest Renan (French: ; 28 February – 2 October ) was a French expert of Semitic languages and civilizations (), philosopher, historian, and writer, devoted to his native province of urgenzaspurghi.com is best known for his influential historical works on early Christianity, and his political theories, especially concerning nationalism and national identity.
Relationship between Prospero, Caliban and Ariel in The Tempest Essay - Relationship between Prospero, Caliban and Ariel in The Tempest Shakespeare's play, The Tempest is set on a mysterious island surrounded by the ocean.
Ariel and Caliban are markedly different in nature and appearance. Ariel as his name suggests is a spirit, ethereal, while Caliban is gross and bestial.
Both are connected to the witch Sycorax who. "Supernatural Soliciting" in Shakespeare H. M. Doak. The Sewanee Review. Vol There are two methods of using the supernatural in literature. It may be used to work out results impossible to natural agencies, or it may be employed simply as a human belief, becoming a motive power and leading to results reached by purely natural means.
In this essay, I will be writing about how Shakespeare presents the relationship between Prospero and Caliban. In the Tempest, nearly every scene in the play conveys a relationship between someone who possesses a great deal of power and someone else who is admittedly a subject of the power.
Many times a creative work will leave large gaps in a character's backstory, or not mention what happened between two instances of seeing a character, or object or urgenzaspurghi.com might get a bit of explanation, usually a throwaway line that suggests a Noodle Incident, but either way we are left to imagine it ourselves.
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This is the first route in the game where you will encounter trainer battles and berries. If you walk in front of a trainer (or if you talk to one), an exclamation mark will appear above his head and he will challenge you to a battle that you cannot refuse. The positive side of this is that you gain more experience by defeating trainers than random encounters and you are rewarded money. The downside is that, should you lose, you will be returned to the most recent Poké Center you were at and you will lose some money. If desired, you can avoid some of them by walking behind or beside them - they only challenge you if they are directly looking at you.
The trainers on this region are low level, and may carry one or two Pokémon around level 5. They will mostly be Pokémon you fought previously, with the exception of two, the Taillow and the Shroomish.
During your travels you may encounter oddly shaped trees that contain berries. There are many different types of berries in the game that do different things. For example, on Route 102 you will find Oran Berries and Pecha Berries. The Oran berry will heal a Pokémon 10 HP and the Pecha berry will cure poison. The best part is that if you allow your Pokémon to hold the berry, it will be used automatically and you won't waste a turn using an item of your own. Remember, once you pick the berries you will have to plant a berry to make it grown into another full tree to get more.
As you traverse Route 102, fighting trainers along the way will allow you to pick up some money and experience. Also, keep an eye out for a Potion in the grass just before Petalburg City.
For Sapphire and Emerald Players, this is one of the first version exclusive Pokémon that you will encounter, with its counterpart being Seedot in Ruby. This little guy is a Grass/Water type, a rare combination, that protects against some of its weaknesses. It also comes with Astonish, a Ghost-type move that can hit anyone except for Normal-type Pokémon, so don't bother trying to hit Zigzagoon with it. Lotad isn't very useful for now, but its fully evolved form, Ludicolo can be quite annoying to the opponents, so it's up to you if you want it now or later.
Now this Pokémon is worth watching out for! Being Psychic-type, it's open to a powerful array of moves. It is available in all three versions, so everybody can take advantage of its abilities. Ralts is quite rare, and it can be encountered only this area, but is easy to capture since it only knows Growl when you encounter him. Ralts's final form, Gardevoir, is one of the most powerful Psychic-type Pokémon in the game. However, Ralts is going to be difficult to train since it needs lot of experience to level up and its base stats are pretty poor before evolving into its final form. Nevertheless, Ralts is worth capturing.
This Pokémon is exclusive to Ruby and Emerald, though it is quite rare in Emerald. It is a defensive Pokémon that relies on decreasing damage against it and retaliating with Bide. Seedot's main use in the late game is where its evolved form, Nuzleaf, gets a powerful Psychic attack unique to it called Extrasensory. Like Lotad, it is more effective later in the game.
Surskit is Bug/Water-type Pokémon, a unique combo that gives it useful resistances. However, Surskit is very weak, so using it in the battle isn't recommended. This Pokémon is incredibly rare on all versions, and so rare in Emerald that you can only find them in swarms after you beat the game! Due to their high rarity it is advised that you catch the first one you see so that you can spare yourself hours searching for it, even if finding one now isn't on your mind.
This page was last edited on 24 November 2018, at 01:42.
This page has been accessed 260,278 times.


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The facilities installed make the refinery flexible to process a variety of feedstock. The third hydrocracker, which will be brought onstream in 2012, will use Eni..
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In this field, our services can be grouped into two areas; one is to supply our own high quality fine chemicals produced using our own technology, and the other is custom manufacturing production. These activities are all based on our extensive accumulated knowledge in the areas of research/production, technology/QC/QA. Also we are engaged in constant efforts to devise new ideas and technologies so that we can position ourselves in the top group of the sector. We are proud of our developmental capabilities and our ability to respond swiftly to meet customer requirements. A comprehensive package deal from the research level to commercial production is offered.
Historically Chemicrea is strong in the area of halogenation, as that was the basis of our foundation. Our current capability has, however, significantly diversified to meet a wide array of challenging requirements put to us by customers. We have unique abilities in the field of reaction chemistry including the Grignard reaction, Acid chloride synthesis, Hydrogenation and methylation.
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Amazon Pinpoint now supports Kinesis events streams to stream app and campaign analytics events via Kinesis streams or Kinesis Firehose streams and monetization dashboards to view monetization events sent from the mobile app.
These new features will enable users to better understand app monetization, enable real time events processing through Kinesis streams and downstream processing of events data via publish to S3, Redshift or ElastiCache. These features increase flexibility of using Amazon Pinpoint.
Amazon Pinpoint enables users to understand user behavior on the mobile app, create targeted segments based on device, usage or custom attributes, creating and scheduling messaging campaigns, and evaluating impact of targeted campaigns on usage behavior.
Amazon Pinpoint makes it easy to run targeted campaigns to drive user engagement in mobile apps. Amazon Pinpoint help to understand user behavior, define which users to target, determine which messages to send, schedule the best time to deliver the messages, and then track the results of the campaign.
Targeted push notifications based on app usage trends and user behavior have become a popular approach for mobile app user engagement because response rates are often several times higher than traditional email marketing campaigns. By using targeted push notifications, you can increase message relevance and effectiveness, measure engagement, and continually improve the campaigns.
Getting started with Amazon Pinpoint is easy. First, AWS Mobile Hub guides through the process to integrate the AWS Mobile SDK with the app. Next, users can define their target segments, campaign message, and specify the delivery schedule. Once the campaign is running, Pinpoint provides metrics so that users can run analytics and track the impact of the campaign.
With Amazon Pinpoint, there are no upfront setup costs, and no fixed monthly cost. Users only pay for the number of users the campaign targets, the messages sent, and the events collected, so that one can start small and scale as the application grows.
With Amazon Pinpoint, users can define target segments from a variety of data sources; identify target segments from app user data that Amazon Pinpoint collects; and build custom target segments from user data collected in other AWS services, such as Amazon S3 and Amazon Redshift. Since Amazon Pinpoint is integrated with Amazon S3, consumers can import target user segments, in JSON and CSV format, from third-party sources, such as Salesforce, by exporting the data from Salesforce to Amazon S3, and then importing it into Amazon Pinpoint.
Amazon Pinpoint can also create messages from templates that are populated with custom attributes like favorite team, news preferences, and locations details. This enables users to deliver personalized messages to each user in the campaign; and send personalized messages by importing user device IDs, along with a personalized message for each user, directly from Amazon S3.
Amazon Pinpoint is generally available for use in US East region.


Discussion in 'All Other Software' started by helpseeker, Aug 10, 2006.
Being the slowest typist in town, I could really use a voice recognition software that would allow me to dictate letters, e-mails, etc.
Can someone refer me to a freeware program that'll work with Win98SE? Thanks.
a few on the following link are freeware. have to judge for yourself what is best.
and if you need more choices. see the link below.


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Riverside, CA (USA)
Company: Keurig Dr Pepper Contact:
Reference: CAqIqj2l2T Mailing Address:
Job Overview
The Merchandiser is responsible for providing high-quality merchandising support for Keurig Dr Pepper brands to retail stores in Riverside and Moreno Valley.
Position Shift and Schedule
This is a full time permanent position working 5:00 am until route completion, typically 8-10 hours per day, 5 days per week to include Saturdays and Sundays. Days off will be during the week. Flexibility to work overtime, weekends, and holidays is required as scheduled.
Position Compensation
The starting rate of pay for this position is $16.15 per hour plus mileage reimbursement for the use of your personal vehicle between the first and last store on your assigned daily route. Attractive benefits package (Medical, Dental, Vision, Etc)
Position Territory
You will be stocking and merchandising our products in our customers' stores located in Riverside and Moreno Valley . We have a local branch located in Riverside, CA that you will need to visit for orientation and scheduled meetings.
Position Responsibilities
Merchandise store shelving, coolers and displays with Keurig Dr Pepper brands in retail stores.
Partner with Sales Representatives/Managers to coordinate delivery and merchandising schedule.
Build effective relationships with store personnel to assure superior customer satisfaction.
Identify incremental sales opportunities for Sales Representative to pursue.
Provide feedback on competitor activities and best practices.
Cover routes and provide sales and/or merchandising services as assigned.
Available to work weekends and holidays.
High school diploma or general equivalency diploma preferred (GED)
Lift up to 50 lbs repeatedly
Push and pull up to 100 lbs repeatedly
Company Overview & EEO Statement
Keurig Dr Pepper (KDP) is a leading coffee and beverage company in North America with dual headquarters in Burlington, MA and Plano, TX, with annual revenue in excess of $11 billion. KDP holds leadership positions in soft drinks, specialty coffee and tea, water, juice and juice drinks and mixers, and markets the #1 single serve coffee brewing system in the U.S. The Company maintains an unrivaled distribution system that enables its portfolio of more than 125 owned, licensed and partner brands to be available nearly everywhere people shop and consume beverages. With a wide range of hot and cold beverages that meet virtually any consumer need, KDP key brands include Keurig®, Dr Pepper®, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters®, Canada Dry®, Snapple®, Bai®, Mott's® and The Original Donut Shop®. The Company employs more than 25,000 employees and operates more than 120 offices, manufacturing plants, warehouses and distribution centers across North America.
Benefits built for you: Our people are the heart of our business, which is why we offer robust benefits to support your health and wellness as well as your personal and financial well-being. We also provide employee programs designed to enhance your professional growth and development while ensuring you feel valued, inspired and appreciated at work.
Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. is an equal opportunity employer and affirmatively seeks diversity in its workforce. Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. recruits qualified applicants and advances in employment its employees without regard to race, color, religion, gender, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, disability, genetic information, ethnic or national origin, marital status, veteran status, or any other status protected by law. EOE Minorities/Females/Protected Veterans/Disabled
Candidates must be able to pass a background check and drug test, as applicable for the role.


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Mark Vincent has grown into his skin, and it shows. Finally, the young man with the extraordinary voice has turned 18 and there is a subtle, fresh confidence to his persona, a slight swagger to his step – and yet, he exudes the same humility which has won him legions of passionate fans. It's this constant young-yet-mature juxtaposition which defines his unique character, and has seen him now release album number 4 – entitled 'Songs From The Heart' – with a collection of timeless songs, sure to emulate the success of previous albums. Indeed, first album 'Mio Visione – My Dream' reached #2 on the ARIA album charts, followed by 'Compass', and then 'The Great Tenor Songbook', which went Gold and charted #2 and #18 respectively on the ARIA album charts.
And yet, this young man's head – fresh out of high school, and ready to embrace a fulltime career as a recording and performing artist – is not at all in the clouds. His feet still firmly on the ground. His heart always connected to his much loved family, and a genuine affinity to his fans which is endearing and true. Despite the huge success of his first three albums, Mark declares his favourite pastimes to be simple ones: hanging out with his buddies, enjoying the company of older folk, and delving – for the first time – into the possibility of young romance. And of course, singing. Always singing – his first, last, undying passion. It's something stamped in his DNA, the blueprint to his life.
"Music is in me. You know, when you're born with some inherently in you? I think we are all born with a voice capable of singing, but not everyone has it in them to use it.
"I grew up listening to all the beautiful arias, and I feel that when I sing, I really am the happiest guy on earth. All my troubles are gone. And you know, many people have a great voice, an exceptional voice even, but what's missing is the storytelling. It's not just about singing notes it's always, always about telling a story."
Mark's own story remains a remarkable one. The Sutherland Shire-raised young man won the third series of 'Australia's Got Talent' in 2009 (an experience he has described as "surreal, amazing") and soon he was signed to the Sony record label – and the world really sat up to take notice.
His first album 'My Dream' ('Mio Visione') captured the hearts of many, and then he delivered again (with 'Compass') and again (with 'The Great Tenor Songbook'). In amongst all that he has appeared on stage alongside Whitney Houston, Katherine Jenkins, The Priests and Kate Ceberano. His star continues to rise – indeed, it seems it is only the start of his stratospheric ascent.
And now, with his fourth highly-anticipated instalment entitled 'Songs From The Heart' he is ready again to show his fans – young and old, dedicated and new – he is back and sounding even more breathtaking. His voice has a depth and clarity which belies his years – and his song choices (he cites 'Climb Every Mountain' and ''Til I Hear You Sing' as two of his favourite tracks on this new album) showcase his God-given gift.
Indeed, 'Songs From The Heart' – to be released online and in stores on October 14 – are a collection of enduring classics (including 'Amazing Grace', 'Bridge Over Troubled Water', and
My Heart Will Go On'), sung by some of the most celebrated voices of our time, including Celine Dion, Simon & Garfunkel, Frank Sinatra, Andrea Bocelli, and Josh Groban, as well as tracks from such iconic musicals as The Sound of Music, Love Never Dies, The Boy From Oz, and Camelot.
For Mark, singing such enduring classics was a passion project.
"With this album, I wanted to bring back the art of telling a story through song. And telling a story through melodies and lyrics that have been around for eons is inspiring to me. It proves that the old classics never die, and will continue to stand the test of time. Plus, people continue to relate to the meaning behind the songs."
Mark again teams up with conductor and ARIA Award winner Guy Noble and conductor/producer Chong Lim, backed by the glorious sound of a 45-piece orchestra. The end result of is a collection of songs which move, tell a story, and have the ability to resonate amongst generations; it's exactly what Mark aimed to achieve.
"I say to people of my generation – give this music a chance, because you will be surprised at how it can move you, speak to you. These are songs which have the ability to transcend several generations, and their lyrics are simply timeless."
And then of course there is Mark the performer. The ultimate showman, the consummate professional. His utter ardour for connecting with the people he is performing for – you get a sense it's what he lives for.
"When you're in front of an audience, they're silently cheering you on, and your adrenaline is through the roof, and you want to deliver the song while telling the story."
Indeed, standing ovations are commonplace at a Mark Vincent show.
"I am emotionally connected to each of the songs I sing, and at a recent show I sang 'My Way' – just introducing it to the crowd moved me to tears. The audience stood and cheered, which moved me even more. I was once told by a producer that a standing ovation should be taken all in, enjoyed in the moment. And that's what I did. I was told later it was the way I sang the song which told that story.' I think that's what singing is all about. Telling a story. Making people think. Bringing a tear to their eye. I always feel twenty kilos lighter after belting out a tune. Singing, for me, is like therapy. And likewise, if I'm down I'll put on a song. It's beyond uplifting – it's what keeps me going."
And continuing to deliver is what we want Mark to do. To carry on gracing the world with his dulcet tones, to keep showcasing old school classics laced with the Mark Vincent slant. It's what he wants; it's what his fans want. And Mark Vincent – with the world at his designer-shoe-clad feet – is ready again to give all that and more.
The young teen with a deep, rich voice was – until not long ago – not even old enough to vote. But now, it seems the two worlds have finally colluded. And this young man who sings from his heart is here to stay.


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Last weekend I was lucky enough to be on the water and visiting one of Helsinki's pearls: Kaunissaari (Beauty or Beautiful Island). It's a very interesting island, almost in the open sea, one side covered with thick forest and the opposite side featuring wind-swept rocks. Although it's not a big island, 2 km long and about 800 metres wide, it takes a good couple of hours to walk around and savour the nature. I took the camera along with the intent to capture any pattern that caught my eye: some are man-made, some courtesy of mother nature. Unfortunately the battery was empty before my walk was finished, so I had to fall back on plan B, my phone!
I didn't get very far before sight this was on the ground in front of me. The longer I looked at it, the more convinced I was that it was starfish that had been pulled apart.
As we made our way along the path it was very quiet. The 'summer' season has just started and there weren't so many people on the island. The guest harbour was emptying as everyone started heading back to their home port.
There is something very haunting about a birch forest that has no leaves. Although it won't be long and this forest will have its green cover on.
The island has plenty of facilities for day visitors and campers alike. There's a dog park, saunas to rent, a very cute little cafe, oversized board games and a meandering nature path. Before we got to the nature path there was something we had to take care of though! Coffee and pulla, the staples of Finnish social life.
Nothing says nautical quite like red, blue and sails. This was inside the cafe looking back to the large sheltering umbrella's on the terrace. While I was fluffing around with the camera a customer came in to charge his phone. That's one thing to remember, there's no electricity service. Strictly candles, grills and generators.
Remember the over-sized board games? You weren't sure exactly what I meant were you? If chess is not your thing also on offer are darts, volley ball and the age-old favourite of chilling in a hammock with a good book!
There is an art to stacking wood. It takes an extra special talent to make your wood-stack look like… an Angry Bird perhaps!
If you are interested to visit Kaunissaari, you can catch a ferry from Vuosaari. The journey takes approximately one hour each way. Alternatively, if you have access to a boat of your own, head to the sheltered guest harbour at the end of the island.
I'll leave you with this detail of a cabin up close.
By the way, please let me know what you think of the pictures all the way down the left and the text on the right. I thought I'd try something new and now it feels like it doesn't quite work. I might just have to come back and do some editing later.
So if you want to see other entries from this week's challenge, head over to here and follow the ping-backs!


text:
U.S. Senator calls airbag supplier Takata Corp. to establish a fund to compensate victims
On June 23, 2015, U.S. Senator, Richard Blumenthal, asked Kevin Kennedy, the executive vice president for Takata's North American affiliate, to establish a compensation fund for the victims of the ruptured airbags manufactured by Takata Corporation. The proposed compensation funds are sought to relieve the eight dead or about a hundred who have been injured due to the defective airbags supplied by Takata Corporation. The injuries were as a result of the air bags exploding when the cars crashed. Senator Richard Blumenthal seeks for the establishment of these compensation funds on parallel lines similar to that was created by General Motors in the wake of its ignition switch crisis. Senator Blumenthal opined,
"My view is that Takata is every bit as responsible for the eight deaths found so far as GM is for the 117 deaths and counting."
Although Kevin Kennedy agreed to the fact that the number of deaths might grow gradually since many of those cars fitted with defective airbags were still in the field, he appeared reluctant to commit for the establishment of funds without prior consultation with his superiors. The tussle continued as the audit report of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) revealed during the hearing that the corporation was hobbled with a series of systemic problems.
The recent development over the issue remains the same that the corporation denies the idea to establish fund to compensate victims of its defective airbags. In a letter dated July 7, 2015 to Senator Richard Blumenthal, the corporation maintained that- "Takata has already resolved a number of claims involving airbag ruptures and we intend to continue to discuss settlement of claims in appropriate cases going forward. At the present time, given the limited number of claims filed and the MDL procedures in place that permit the efficient coordination of related claims, Takata believes that a national compensation fund is not currently required."[1] In addition, Mr. Kennedy stated, "we intend to give your suggestion further study and we will let you know if our thinking on this subject changes." Senator Blumenthal released Takata's letter to media and reacted saying – "Takata is apparently unwilling to acknowledge its responsibility for these tragic deaths and injuries, or do justice for victims and their loved ones," he said. "I will press Takata to reconsider this callous misjudgment, and do right by the innocent victims of its harm."[2]
[1] See Letter [Re: Hearing on "Update on the Recalls of Takata Air Bags and NHTSA's Vehicle Safety Efforts," June 23, 2015, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation] at http://www.blumenthal.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Takata%20Kennedy%20Letter%20to%20Sen%20%20%20Blumenthal%20%287%20July%202015%29.pdf
[2] See "Takata rejects compensation fund for airbag victims" at http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2015/07/10/takata-compensation-fund-richard-blumenthal/29966539/


If you're a busy businessperson, chances are you're more or less permanently attached to your smartphone. Whether it's melded to your ear, constantly clutched in your hand or busy helping you to meet your associates via a Facetime function – there's no escaping how essential your smartphone is to your business life. But how essential does HMRC consider your phone to be? If you're just starting out or are hoping to reduce your tax bill, it might interest you to know that your mobile is a great big allowable expense. Not sure how it all works? We've put together a quick and simple guide.
If you are making business calls and using data, texts and minutes for business purposes, your phone bill qualifies as an allowable expense. This can make things confusing if you are using the phone for both personal and business purposes. In this case, 'reasonable personal use' and 'token use' are acceptable. Essentially, as long as you are not taking the proverbial absolute biscuit, you can claim back your tax for your monthly contract.
If it makes life easier, you can instead claim for business calls made on your personal mobile phone. Of course you will not be able to claim the handset as a business expense, however, you can record and legitimately claim back the cost of any business calls made via your personal phone.
Whether or not you can claim back VAT on your mobile phone bill depends on whether or not you are using it for business or personal purposes. Realistically, most people use one mobile for both, which means you will need to work out what proportion of your usage is for business and what proportion is for personal affairs. For example, if it works out that you use your phone half of the time for business, you'll be able to claim back 50% of the VAT.
Please note, if you're using the flat rate VAT scheme, you will not be able to claim back VAT on your mobile.
If used for business purposes, these are entirely allowable expenses. Just make sure you retain your receipt.
HMRC's rules have changed regarding smartphones. Before the smartphone became such a common piece of equipment it was considered as superfluous to requirements and more than a simple mobile (because it was able to email etc.). HMRC therefore did not treat is as an allowable mobile phone expense.
This changed in February 2012 so you can now claim back your tax on your smartphone just as you can for a non-smart mobile phone – just make sure that you follow all of the rules listed above (i.e. the phone must be bought in the company name and with company funds).
smart phones need to come with a taxbot app. im sure there are tons of business men/women that are losing out on thousands of dollars doing business on their phone and not getting paid for it. phone bills are up the roof. its time to take advantage of that!


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After your initial e mail or phone enquiry, I offer an initial session, at a reduced rate, where you have the opportunity to talk in a confidential setting about any issue which might be troubling you, and for us to meet and find out if we can work together effectively.
Counselling sessions usually take place each week and last for 50 minutes. I charge £45 per session.
If you have not been for counselling before it can be quite a daunting prospect, and you may be wondering what to expect?
When life feels very difficult, it can help to talk things through with someone, so we can examine our thoughts and feelings, and discuss our options.
Sometimes it does not feel appropriate to talk to a friend or a family member. Maybe you are feeling alone, low, anxious and under pressure, unable to cope or struggling with relationships or self esteem? Perhaps you feel 'stuck' and are unsure about your life?
I cannot offer a quick fix, or wave a magic wand but I do offer a safe, supportive and caring space where you can express your feelings freely in confidence, and be listened to with empathy, without being judged. I will work alongside you, taking my lead from you as you explore your difficulties, and work through the possibilities, and challenges as they appear. If you find it difficult to express yourself in words I can provide pens, pencils, paper to help you explore your feelings.
If it feels appropriate to your needs I can offer energy psychotherapy which can help to shift stuck energy from historical trauma and emotions by focusing on the energy centres in the body.
If you decide you would like to work with me we can arrange a convenient time to meet on a regular basis.


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The statute of limitations is essentially a time limit deadline by which you must file your personal injury claim or lose it forever. Statutes of limitations can vary depending on the type of case, and they are often different from state to state. If you attempt to file a lawsuit after the statute of limitations has expired, it is likely that the court will dismiss your case. As such, it is critical that you take legal action as soon as possible. If you suffered an injury or lost a loved one due to another person's negligence in Kentucky, contact the Troutman Law Office. Matt Troutman is an injury attorney, representing accident victims throughout the state of Kentucky for over 30 years, who has the knowledge, resources, and litigation experience to help you fight for the maximum compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and non-economic damages. Call Matt directly to schedule a free initial consultation.
If you are involved in an auto accident - this would include accidents involving cars, trucks and motorcycles - and your vehicle has Kentucky no-fault insurance (also called PIP-personal injury protection) on it, then your statute of limitation is 2 years from the date upon which the last PIP payment was made by your insurance company. (KRS 304.39-230(6)) To determine the exact date your claim expires, you will need documentation of the date your vehicle insurance company last paid one of your medical bills. If you bought insurance for your vehicle while residing in the state of Kentucky (except for motorcycles), then you will have the PIP insurance referred to above because it is required by law. PIP coverage is required for all motor vehicles, except motorcycles. Even if you purchase what is known of as "liability only" coverage, you will still have the PIP coverage. If you reside in a state other than Kentucky and are injured in an accident while in Kentucky, you may or may not have PIP coverage. If your insurance carrier is licensed in the state of Kentucky, you are provided PIP coverage even though you did not purchase it. Many attorneys do not know this fact.
If your vehicle- car, truck or motorcycle - was not insured or is insured by an out of state insurance company that is not licensed to do business in the state of Kentucky, then the statute of limitation on your claims is 1 year. Some insurance companies may provide "med-pay coverage", but this is not PIP and, therefore, it will not extend the statute of limitations beyond 1 year. Most motorcyclists do not have PIP coverage on their vehicles because, unlike cars and trucks, it is not required by law and it is expensive.
Special Circumstances when the time limit -statute of limitations- in Kentucky is not 2 years from the date of the last PIP payment as described above.
Products Liability Claims - If your auto accident involves a products liability claim, which would be a claim that there was a defect in the automobile that caused the accident or injury (for example - defective seatbelt, airbags, brakes, etc.), then the time limit for filing the claim is one year per KRS 413.140.
Wrongful Death Claims - If the accident results in the death of someone, then the wrongful death claim must be filed within 1 year from the date of the accident per KRS 413.140(1)(a).
Actions against the County or State - If the accident is caused by the negligence of a county or state employee, then the claim must be made against the state in the Board of Claims and all Board of Claims claims must be filed within 1 year from the date of the accident. Not all acts of negligence by county or state employees must be filed with the Board of Claims, such as where the county or state purchase liability insurance for the claim being made.
Claims by Minors or Persons Under Disability - If the person injured in an accident is a minor or person under a disability recognized by the state at the time of the accident, the statute of limitations is two years from the date that the disability ends. For minors, the 2 year time limit would not begin until they reach 18 years old or are otherwise emancipated from being a minor.
Loss of Consortium Claims - This claim can be made by a spouse or other relative of the injured party for the loss of services and companionship of the one actually injured. The time limit for this claim is 1 year from the date of accident per KRS 413.140(1)(a).
Uninsured Motorist Claims - If the person or entity causing your accident or injury is uninsured, then you can make a claim against your own insurance company for the personal injury damages caused you by the uninsured motorist. In Kentucky, it is required by law that insurance companies offer this coverage to you. The statute of limitation for this claim is the time period specified in the insurance policy, but at least 2 years from the date of accident. If the policy speciifes a period of time less than 2 years, the provision is declared void and the 10-year statue of limitations for contracts is used.
Time Limit for Filing Other Personal Injury Claims- Medical Malpractice, Premises Accidents, Nursing Home Abuse, etc.
KRS 413.140, says that the statute of limitations for personal injury claims related to slips and falls, medical malpractice, nursing home abuse, assault, and other types of cases is one year from the date when the injury occurred or sometimes from the date when it should have been reasonably discovered. There are, however, some exceptions to this rule.
If you intend to file a personal injury claim, it is critical that you take action before time limit -the statute of limitations- expires. Attorney Matt Troutman can help you meet all relevant deadlines and fight for the maximum payout. Let Matt figure out the complicated time limit laws that apply to your claim. Call Matt directly for a free consultation at 502-648-9507 or 859-696-0001 or visit the Troutman Law Office website by clicking here.


text:
#ifndef _WX_MSW_PRIVATE_TIMER_H_
#define _WX_MSW_PRIVATE_TIMER_H_

#if wxUSE_TIMER

#include "wx/private/timer.h"
#include "wx/msw/wrapwin.h"     // for WPARAM

class WXDLLIMPEXP_BASE wxMSWTimerImpl : public wxTimerImpl
{
public:
    wxMSWTimerImpl(wxTimer *timer) : wxTimerImpl(timer) { m_id = 0; };

    virtual bool Start(int milliseconds = -1, bool oneShot = false);
    virtual void Stop();

    virtual bool IsRunning() const { return m_id != 0; }

protected:
    // this must be 64 bit under Win64 as WPARAM (storing timer ids) is 64 bit
    // there and so the ids may possibly not fit in 32 bits
    WPARAM m_id;
};

#endif // wxUSE_TIMER

#endif // _WX_TIMERH_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
No real anticipation over Galaxy Fold
Sales to begin a month later than Galaxy Note 10
Two Gen-2 phones set for release in 1H of 2020
The response towards the latest announcement from Samsung Electronics that it will release its first foldable phone, the Galaxy Fold, in September this year was lukewarm at best.
After five months since the initial release was delayed, Samsung said on July 25 that the phone is officially ready for launch. The tech giant, however, did not specify the exact date or the countries to be launched in.
Industry sources say the company is still fine-tuning the details, as the Galaxy Note 10 will begin to be sold on Aug. 23. The dates will soon be fixed, they added, since Samsung will want to avoid questions related to the Galaxy Fold at the Note 10 US launch on Aug. 7.
On surface, Samsung is saying that the Note and the Foldable target completely different groups.
"The Galaxy Fold is the first generation product in a completely new category, making the target consumer completely different from the Galaxy Note," said a Samsung official. He added that it's the 10th installment of the Note series, meaning it has many loyal consumers.
Samsung sells approximately 10 million units of the Note series a year.
Industry experts, however believe there would be some mutual market erosion, since smartphone sales usually hit a peak three months following the release.
"It's also a matter of losing steam and lack of trust," said another market watcher. "Who's going to want to be a beta tester for a potentially failed experiment?"
Reflecting the market response, the Galaxy Fold is expected to sell less than the initially projected 1 million, especially since it has only around three months till the end of the year.
Meanwhile, Samsung said it has made critical improvements to its first foldable to mend the glitches that forced the delay in April. For instance, the Infinity Flex Display screen protector is now covering the entire screen for better protection, and the backside of the display and the hinges were reinforced for improved durability.
When folded, the display of the Galaxy Fold measures 4.6-inches wide. Unfolded, it's 7.3 inches.
The world's largest smartphone maker is also preparing to launch a second generation of Galaxy Fold phones in the first half of next year.
One of the types will be a clamshell version measuring 6.7 inches, with the top and bottom parts of the display folding inwards. Another is expected to sport an 8-inch display. But the launch dates for these phones are still shrouded in uncertainty, according to industry watchers.
"With the Galaxy S11 expected to be revealed at MWC in February to begin sales in March, it will be difficult to find the best timing for selling the second generation foldable phones," said one expert.
Some say Samsung hurried to reveal the Galaxy Fold to stay ahead of China's Huawei Technologies. Before Huawei was sanctioned by the US government, it had targeted becoming the largest smartphone make next year by beating out Samsung.
The Elec is South Korea's No.1 tech news platform.