text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:introduction}
Various kinds of spinning constructions, all of which stem from
Artin's original construction \cite{AR}, are now basic tools in the
study of high-dimensional knots in \textit{codimension two}, that
is, in the study of embeddings of $n$-manifolds in the
$(n+2)$-sphere.

On another front,  Haefliger found smooth knots in
\textit{codimensions greater than two}  \cite{HAE1,HAEF2}. He
showed that the group $C_n^q$ of isotopy classes of smooth
embeddings of the $n$-sphere $ S^n$ into $(n+q)$-sphere $ S^{n+q}$
is often non-trivial even when $q\ge3$.
Although many spinning constructions can be applied
for such ``high-codimensional'' knots, there have been very few
related studies \cite{budney,h-s,milgram}.

Budney \cite{budney} gave a new description of a generator of
the Haefliger knot group $C^3_3$.
This was related to  his study on the space $\mathcal{K}_{4,1}$ of
``long'' knots in $4$-space. Here, $\mathcal{K}_{n,j}$ is the space
of \textit{long knots} --- smooth embeddings of
$\mathbb{R}^j\hookrightarrow\mathbb{R}^n$ which are standard outside the unit disk
in $\mathbb{R}^j$.
We note that the restriction of a long embedding to the
unit disk gives a properly embedded $j$-disk in the unit $n$-disk
--- our construction will refer to it.
In his paper, a map (the resolution map) $\Phi\colon\thinspace T^2\to\mathcal{K}_{4,1}$ from the $2$-torus
$T^2$, defined in an ingenious way (see \S\ref{subsect:budney}),
plays a key role. This map gives rise to generators of certain
homotopy groups
and of the Haefliger group,
via successive graphing constructions.
The geometric nature of graphing constructions here
is a high-codimensional version of
Litherland's deform-spinning.

We give yet another description of a
generator of
the Haefliger knot group $C^3_3$
in terms of the notion \textit{spinning about a submanifold},
introduced by the first-named author \cite{DR-spin}.
Our main result is as follows (see \S\ref{sect:main} for the
details). Consider the $2$-torus $T^2$ standardly embedded in $
S^3$, which is further standardly embedded in $ S^6$. At each point
of $T^2$, we have the normal $4$-disk $ D^4$ to $T^2\subseteq S^6$
and the normal $1$-disk $ D^1$ to $T^2\subseteq S^3$. Then, we
``deform'' $ D^1$ inside $ D^4$, by using $\Phi$. Namely, at each
point of $\tau\in T^2$, we replace the standard disk pair $( D^4,
D^1)$ with the new disk pair $( D^4,\Phi(\tau)( D^1))$.
We then show that  the resultant smoothly embedded $3$-sphere
$\Sigma_\Phi^3\subseteq S^6$ represents a generator of the Haefliger
knot group $C_3^3$.

Our study is motivated by Budney's construction and in particular
his resolution map $\Phi\colon\thinspace T^2\to\mathcal{K}_{4,1}$. Our approach is
different. We use a basic technique in the spirit of codimension two
knot theory --- examination of how the homology of a Seifert surface
relates the knot complement. It is very geometric, uses higher-dimensional
visualization, does not involve any homotopy groups and might
be useful for more general high-codimensional knots.

Additionally, all of Budney's and our arguments work for
higher-dimensional Haefliger knot groups $C^{2k+1}_{4k-1}$, $k\ge2$.
We need just to consider the triple
\[ S^{2k-1}\times S^{2k-1}\subseteq S^{4k-1}\subseteq S^{6k}\]
and use everywhere a higher-dimensional Budney map
\cite[\S5]{budney}
\[ S^{2k-1}\times S^{2k-1}\to\mathcal{K}_{2k+2,1}\]
instead of $\Phi\colon\thinspace T^2= S^1\times S^1\to\mathcal{K}_{4,1}$.

Throughout the paper, we work in the smooth category; all manifolds
and mappings are supposed to be differentiable of class $C^\infty$,
unless otherwise stated. We use the symbol `$\cong$' for a group
isomorphism and `$\approx$' for a diffeomorphism.  Some graphics
are shown piecewise smooth --- they correspond to unique
smooth manifolds by rounding of corners.

The second-named author would like to thank
Ryan Budney for fruitful conversations.

\section{Preliminaries}
\subsection{Haefliger's knots}
Haefliger showed in \cite{HAE1,HAEF2} that the group $C^n_q$ of
smooth isotopy classes of smooth embeddings of the $n$-sphere $ S^n$
in the $(n+q)$-sphere $ S^{n+q}$ is often non-trivial even when the
codimension $q$ is greater than $2$. In a particular case, for each
$k\ge1$ the group $C^{4k-1}_{2k+1}$ of smooth isotopy classes of
smooth embeddings $ S^{4k-1}\hookrightarrow S^{6k}$ forms the
infinite cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}$. This is in contrast with Zeeman's
unknotting theorem \cite{z1} claiming that any $n$-sphere is
unknotted in the \emph{piecewise linear} sense in the $(n+q)$-sphere
if $q>2$.

According to \cite{boechat,b-h,mT1,mT2}, the smooth isotopy class of
Haefliger's knot
can be read off from geometric characteristics of
its Seifert surface.
When $k=1$,
we have the following (\cite{g-m,b-h}).

\begin{thm}\label{thm:invariant}
Every embedding $F\colon\thinspace S^3\hookrightarrow S^6$ has a Seifert
surface $\widetilde{F}\colon\thinspace V^4\hookrightarrow S^6$ and
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Omega(F)
&=&-\frac{1}{8}(\sigma(V^4)-e_{\widetilde{F}}\smile e_{\widetilde{F}})
\end{eqnarray*}
gives the isomorphism $\Omega\colon\thinspace C^3_3\to\mathbb{Z}$,
where $e_{\widetilde{F}}$ denotes the normal Euler class of $\widetilde{F}$.
\end{thm}

\subsection{Budney's isomorphism}\label{subsect:budney}
Several papers including \cite{boechat,b-h,g-m,mT1,mT2,skopenkov}
give geometric descriptions for the Haefliger knot groups
$C^{2k+1}_{4k-1}$ and their generators. Recently, Budney
\cite{budney} has given a description of such Haefliger knots in
terms of the space of long knots, which is related to the
Litherland-type deform-spinning.

Let $\mathcal{K}_{n,j}$ be the space of smooth embeddings (\textit{long
embeddings}) $\mathbb{R}^j\hookrightarrow\mathbb{R}^n$ being the standard inclusions on
$|x|\ge1$ for $x\in\mathbb{R}^j$. Then, Budney \cite{budney}, using
results in \cite{goodwillie}, showed that there is an isomorphism
$\pi_2 \mathcal{K}_{4,1} \to C^3_3$.
His isomorphism gives a new description of
the Haefliger group $C^3_3\approx\mathbb{Z}$.

We briefly review Budney's construction. Note that he deals with
more general cases in \cite[\S5]{budney}.

\subsubsection{The graphing map}
Consider the ``graphing'' map $\mathrm{gr}_1\colon\thinspace\Omega\mathcal{K}_{n-1,j-1}\to\mathcal{K}_{n,j}$
defined by
\[(\mathrm{gr}_1 f)(t_0,t_1,\cdots,t_{j-1})
= \left(t_0,f(t_0)\left(t_1,\cdots,t_{j-1}\right)\right).\]
Budney \cite{budney} showed that the maps
$\Omega^2\mathcal{K}_{4,1}\to\Omega\mathcal{K}_{5,2}\to\mathcal{K}_{6,3}$
between the loop spaces induce isomorphisms
\[
\pi_2\mathcal{K}_{4,1}\cong\pi_1\mathcal{K}_{5,2}\cong\pi_0\mathcal{K}_{6,3}.
\]
Furthermore, the group $\pi_0\mathcal{K}_{6,3}$ is isomorphic to $C^3_3$
due to \cite{HAEF2}.

\subsubsection{The resolution map $\Phi\colon\thinspace T^2\to\mathcal{K}_{4,1}$}\label{subsubsect:resolution}
Take a ``long'' immersion $f\colon\thinspace\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}^3 \subseteq\mathbb{R}^4$
such that $f(t)=(t,0,0,0)$ for $|t|>1$ and has two
double points $f(t_1)=f(t_3)$, $f(t_2)=f(t_4)$ with
$-1 < t_1 < t_2 < t_3 < t_4 < 1$ and such that
$df(T_{t_1}\mathbb{R})\cap df(T_{t_3}\mathbb{R})=df(T_{t_2}\mathbb{R})\cap df(T_{t_4}\mathbb{R})=\{0\}$
(see Figure~\ref{fig:resolution}).
At $f(t_1)=f(t_3)$ and $f(t_2)=f(t_4)$,
we have the $2$-dimensional normal complements $P_1$
to $df(T_{t_1}\mathbb{R})\oplus df(T_{t_3}\mathbb{R})$
and $P_2$ to $df(T_{t_2}\mathbb{R}) \oplus df(T_{t_4}\mathbb{R})$,
respectively.

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth,keepaspectratio]{budneysFigureA-x.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{An immersed long line with two intersections, thickened and shown as a thin tube.}\label{fig:resolution}
\end{figure}

Let $ S_1$ and $ S_2$ be the unit $1$-dimensional sphere in $P_1$
and $P_2$ respectively.
Given $(\theta,\psi)\in S_1\times S_2$, we perturb a small
neighborhood of $f(t_1)$ in direction $\theta$ using a bump function
and a small neighborhood of $f(t_2)$ with $\psi$. In this way, we
can eliminate the double points, separating via a fourth dimension. Thus we
obtain a ``resolution map''
\[
\Phi\colon\thinspace T^2= S_1\times S_2 \to \mathcal{K}_{4,1}.
\]

Finally, Budney showed that  $\Phi$ generates $H_{2}(\mathcal{K}_{4,1};\mathbb{Z})$
and hence generates $\pi_{2}\mathcal{K}_{4,1}\cong\mathbb{Z}$ since
$\mathcal{K}_{4,1}$ is simply-connected \cite{BCSS}.

\subsection{Deform-spinning about a submanifold}\label{subsect:deformspin}
The spinning describes several methods of constructing higher-dimensional knots from
 lower-dimensional knots.
The most fundamental method, simply called \textit{spinning},
is due to Artin \cite{AR}.  It
has been generalized in various ways (a useful reference in this area is \cite{GF}).
In this paper, we will use the
\textit{deform-spinning about a submanifold}
(in \cite{GF} called \textit{frame deform-spinning}),
introduced in \cite{DR-spin}.

\begin{definition}\label{def:deformspin}
Suppose $M^k$ is a submanifold of $ S^{p}\subseteq S^{q}$ with
trivial tubular neighborhood $N\approx
M^k\times D^{p-k}\subseteq S^{p}$. Then $M$ has a trivial tubular
neighborhood $T \approx M^k\times D^{q-k}$ in $ S^q$. We can
write:
\[
(T,N) = M^k\times (D^{q-k}, D^{p-k}).
\]
Suppose $\Phi\colon\thinspace M^k\to\mathcal{K}_{q-k,p-k}$ is a smooth map. The
\textit{deform spun knot $\Sigma_\Phi$ about $M^k$} is the embedded
$p$-sphere in $S^q$, obtained from $S^p\subseteq S^q$ by replacing
the standard ball pair $\{x\}\times(D^{q-k}, D^{p-k})$ with
$\{x\}\times(D^{q-k},\Phi(x)( D^{p-k}))$ at each point $x\in
M^k$.
\end{definition}

This generalizes Litherland's \textit{deform-spinning} \cite{rick},
that corresponds to the case where $M^k$ is taken as $ S^1$
standardly embedded in $S^{p}\subseteq S^{p+2}$.

Deform-spinning about a submanifold is one of the most
generalized form of spinning.
For example, we can describe Artin's original
spinning as $\Sigma_\Phi$ where $M^k= S^1$ in $ S^2\subseteq S^3$
and $\Phi$ is a constant map. A \textit{super-spun} $p$-knot
\cite{CA} is given by deform-spinning about
$M^k= S^k\subseteq S^p$ with a constant map $\Phi$. Zeeman's
\textit{twist-spun} knot \cite{z2} is a deform-spun knot about
$M^k= S^1\subseteq S^2\subseteq S^3$ via the map
$\Phi\colon\thinspace S^1\to\mathcal{K}_{3,1}$; where $\Phi(\theta)$ is the
rotated image of a knotted arc about the $x$-axis by an angle of $\theta$.
Another variation is  Fox's \textit{roll-spinning} \cite{FX}.
Yet another extension
\textit{spinning of a knot about a projection of a knot}
uses a mapping of a manifold into $S^p$ \cite{DR-spin}.

\section{The main theorem}\label{sect:main}
Consider the $2$-torus $\mathbb{T}^2$ standardly embedded in $S^3$,
which is further included in $S^6$ in the standard manner:
$\mathbb{T}^2\subseteq S^3\subseteq S^6$.
At each point of $\mathbb{T}^2$ we
consider the normal $4$-disk to $\mathbb{T}^2\subseteq S^6$ and the
normal $1$-disk to $\mathbb{T}^2\subseteq S^3$, which form the standard
disk pair $(D^4,D^1)$.

We can deform-spin $ S^3\subseteq S^6$ about the torus
$\mathbb{T}^2\subseteq S^3\subseteq S^6$
with Budney's resolution map (\S\ref{subsubsect:resolution})
$\Phi\colon\thinspace\mathbb{T}^2\to\mathcal{K}_{4,1}$. In the normal plane at each point
$\tau\in\mathbb{T}^2$, we replace the standard disk pair $(D^4,D^1)$
with a new disk pair $(D^4,\Phi(\tau)(D^1))$.
We denote the resultant embedded $3$-sphere in
$S^6$ by $\Sigma_\Phi^3$. Namely, in $S^6$
\[
\Sigma_\Phi^3\quad=\quad
\overline{S^3\smallsetminus(\mathbb{T}^2\times D^1)}\quad\cup\quad\bigcup_{\tau\in \mathbb{T}^2}\Phi(\tau)(D^1).
\]

Let $J\colon\thinspace S^3\hookrightarrow S^6$ be a smooth embedding so that
$J( S^3)=\Sigma_\Phi^3\subseteq S^6$. Then, our main theorem is the
following:
\begin{thm}\label{thm:main}
$\Omega(J)=\pm1$; $J$ represents a generator of $C^3_3\cong\mathbb{Z}$.
\end{thm}

\section{A Seifert surface and the proof}\label{sect:seifert}
Consider the $2$-torus $\mathbb{T}^2\subseteq S^3\subseteq S^6$,
along which we performed the spinning, to be
\[
\mathbb{T}^2 = S^1_\theta\times S^1_\psi=
\{(\theta,\psi);\theta,\psi\in\mathbb{R}/2\pi\mathbb{Z}\}.
\]
At each point
$(\theta,\psi)\in \mathbb{T}^2$, we identify the normal $4$-disk
$D^4_{(\theta,\psi)}$ to $\mathbb{T}^2\subseteq S^6$ with the unit disk
$D^4$ in $\mathbb{R}^4=\{(x,y,z,w)\}$. Thus, $((\theta,\psi),(x,y,z,w))$
gives a coordinate system for a tubular neighborhood (diffeomorphic
to $\mathbb{T}^2 \times D^4$) of $\mathbb{T}^2 $ in $S^6$.

Let $\mathbb{B}^4$ be the northern hemisphere of $S^4\subseteq S^6$,
which we think of the standard Seifert surface for the unknot $S^3\subseteq S^6$.
We can assume that
in each normal $4$-disk
$D^4_{(\theta,\psi)}$ to $\mathbb{T}^2 \subseteq S^6$,
the $4$-disk $\mathbb{B}^4$ is seen
as in Figure~\ref{fig:trivial},
which depicts the hyperplane section by $w=0$
of $D^4_{(\theta,\psi)}$
and where the intersection of
$\mathbb{B}^4$ and $D^4_{(\theta,\psi)}$ is shown in gray.
We denote this intersection $\mathbb{B}^4\cap D^4_{(\theta,\psi)}$
 by $\mathbb{B}^2_{\theta,\psi}$.

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(80,80)
\put(17,57){$\mathbb{B}^2_{\theta,\psi}$}
\includegraphics[height=80mm,keepaspectratio]{trivialSief-x.eps}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{For any values of $(\theta,\psi)$, the standard Seifert surface of the unknot is as shown.
The center point of the cube has coordinates $(0,0,0,0)$;
the last coordinate $w$ is not shown.}\label{fig:trivial}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(80,80)
\put(15,56){$\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$}
\includegraphics[height=80mm,keepaspectratio]{seifert03-x.eps}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{The Seifert surface for $\theta=\psi=0$ in $\{w=0\}$.}\label{fig:spun00}
\end{figure}

\subsection{A Seifert surface}\label{subsect:seifert}
To construct a Seifert surface for our spun knot
$\Sigma_\Phi^3\subseteq S^6$, we first consider the punctured
$2$-dimensional torus in the $4$-disk $D^4_{(0,0)}$, as shown in
Figure~\ref{fig:spun00}. In Figure~\ref{fig:spun00}, $\Sigma_\Phi^3$
is the arc drawn with a thick line. We remark that although this arc
appears knotted since it is pictured in three-dimensional space, it is really unknotted in $D^4_{(0,0)}$. We view
$\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$ in a standard way as a $2$-disk $C$ with two
bands $A$ and $B$, as in Figure \ref{fig:showBands}.

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=80mm,keepaspectratio]{seifert05-x.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The bands $A$ and $B$ of $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$ are shown here in darkened gray,
the disk $C$ in light gray.}\label{fig:showBands}
\end{figure}

In the normal $4$-disk $D^4_{(\theta,\psi)}$
for general $(\theta,\psi)\in \mathbb{T}^2$,
we consider the embedded punctured $2$-torus
$\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)}$,
defined as follows.
The punctured torus $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)}$ coincides with
$\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$ on the disk $C$ and differs from $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$
only on the two bands $A$ and $B$.
In the punctured torus $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)}$,
the band $A$ has been replaced with $A_\theta$
and $B$ has been replaced with $B_\psi$:
$\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)} =  C \cup A_\theta \cup B_\psi$.
Now we describe the band $A_\theta$ in detail;
$B_\psi$ will be treated similarly.

We obtain $A_\theta$ by rotating $A$ around
the $2$-dimensional axis $\{w=z=0\}$
by an angle of $\gamma(y) \theta$, where
$\gamma(y)$ is a smooth bump function with $\gamma(y)=0$ in a
neighborhood of $\pm 1$ and $\gamma(y)=1$ for $-1/4\leq y\leq 1/4$
(see Figure~\ref{fig:bump}).
So $\gamma$ allows us to smoothly attach the band $A_\theta$ to $C$.
If we only consider the motion of
the edges of the band $A$ in the above process,
it corresponds to Budney's resolution process
(see \S\ref{subsubsect:resolution})
for one intersection point.

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=80mm,keepaspectratio]{bumpFunction-x.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The bump function}\label{fig:bump}
\end{figure}

To clarify this construction, we show $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\pi,0)}$ in
Figure~\ref{fig:spun01}. In the generic case, the rotation will move
points not in the center of the band so that it has non-zero
$w$-coordinate and the points of $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)}$ in
$\{w=0\}$ is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:spunGen}.

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(80,80)
\put(14,56){$\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\pi,0)}$}
\includegraphics[height=80mm,keepaspectratio]{seifert04-x.eps}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{The Seifert surface for $\theta=\pi, \psi=0$ in $\{w=0\}$.
Note the twist of the $A$ band is reversed if compared to Figure~\ref{fig:spun00}.}\label{fig:spun01}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(80,80)
\put(13,56){$\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)}$}
\includegraphics[height=80mm,keepaspectratio]{seifertGen-x.eps}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Generically, for  $\theta, \psi \neq 0, \mbox{ or } \pi$
the only parts of the two bands that appear in $\{w=0\}$ are the center lines.}\label{fig:spunGen}
\end{figure}

Putting together all the punctured tori
$\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)}\subseteq D^4_{(\theta,\psi)}$, we obtain the
embedded $4$-manifold
\[
W':=\displaystyle\bigcup_{(\theta,\psi)\in \mathbb{T}^2}\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)}
\quad\approx\mathbb{T}^2
\times\text{(the punctured torus)}\subseteq S^6.\]

Then,
\begin{eqnarray*}
W
&:=&\overline{\mathbb{B}^4\thinspace\smallsetminus\displaystyle\bigcup_{(\theta,\psi)\in \mathbb{T}^2}\thinspace\mathbb{B}^2_{(\theta,\psi)}}
\quad\cup\quad\displaystyle\bigcup_{(\theta,\psi)\in \mathbb{T}^2}\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,\psi)}\\
&=&\overline{\mathbb{B}^4\thinspace\smallsetminus\displaystyle\bigcup_{(\theta,\psi)\in \mathbb{T}^2}\thinspace\mathbb{B}^2_{(\theta,\psi)}}
\quad\cup\quad W'
\end{eqnarray*}
becomes a smoothly embedded $4$-manifold (a Seifert surface)
bounded by the knot
$\Sigma_\Phi^3\subseteq S^6$.
We abuse notation and identify
$W\subseteq S^6$ with the image of an embedding
$\widetilde{J}\colon\thinspace W\hookrightarrow S^6$.

\subsection{The second homology group}\label{subsect:homology}
Now let us compute the second homology group
$H_2( W;\mathbb{Z})$ of our Seifert surface $W$
and its intersection form.

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=80mm,keepaspectratio]{alphaBeta-x.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{The loops $\alpha$ and $\beta$.}\label{fig:ab}
\end{figure}

Since $W'$ is diffeomorphic to
$\mathbb{T}^2\times\text{(the punctured $2$-torus)}$, we have
\[H_2(W')\approx\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z},\]
by the K\"uneth lemma. If we take two closed curves
$\alpha$, $\beta$
in the punctured torus $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$ at
$(0,0)\in S^1_\theta\times S^1_\psi$ as
shown in Figure~\ref{fig:ab}, then the above five $\mathbb{Z}$s are
generated by the five tori
$T_{\alpha\theta}:=\alpha\times S^1_\theta$,
$T_{\alpha\psi}:=\alpha\times S^1_\psi$,
$T_{\beta\theta}:=\beta\times S^1_\theta$,
$T_{\beta\psi}:=\beta\times S^1_\psi$ and
$\{\ast\}\times S^1_\theta\times S^1_\psi$, each embedded in $W'$.
Here $\ast$ is a point of $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$.

Since $W$ is obtained by gluing
$\overline{D^4\thinspace\smallsetminus\mathbb{T}^2\times D^2}$ ($\approx$ the $4$-disk) to $W'$
along a part of their boundaries, killing
$[\{\ast\}\times S^1_\theta\times S^1_\psi]\in H_2(W')$, we have
\begin{eqnarray*}
H_2(W)&\approx&\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\\
&\approx&
\langle[T_{\alpha\theta}]\rangle\oplus
\langle[T_{\beta\psi}]\rangle\oplus
\langle[T_{\alpha\psi}]\rangle\oplus
\langle[T_{\beta\theta}]\rangle,
\end{eqnarray*}
by the Mayer-Vietoris sequence.

Among the above representatives of $H_2(W)$,
the two pairs of ``complementary'' tori have intersection number $1$.
That is, the only non-zero intersection numbers are
\[[T_{\alpha\theta}]\cdot[T_{\beta\psi}]=[T_{\alpha\psi}]\cdot[T_{\beta\theta}]=1,\]
where $\cdot$ denotes the intersection pairing.
Hence, with respect to the above generators, the intersection form on $H_2(W)$
is expressed as
\[
\left(
  \begin{array}{cccc}
    0 & 1 & 0 & 0  \\
    1 & 0 & 0 & 0  \\
    0 & 0 & 0 & 1  \\
    0 & 0 & 1 & 0  \\
  \end{array}
\right).
\]
Note that the signature $\sigma(W)=0$.

\subsection{The normal Euler class}\label{subsect:euler}
We compute  the normal Euler class $e_{\widetilde{J}}$ for the
embedding $W\hookrightarrow S^6$ using an intersection argument.

Take a small generic perturbation $\hat{W}$ of $ W$ in $S^6$ and
put $F:=\hat{W}\cap W$. Since
$\Sigma_\Phi^3=\partial{W}\subseteq S^6$ has trivial normal bundle,
$F\subseteq\mathrm{Int}\thinspace W$ and the homology class $[F]\in
H_2(W)\approx H_2( W,\partial{W})$ is dual to the normal Euler class
$e_{\widetilde{J}}$.

With respect to the generators of $H_2(W)$ given in \S\ref{subsect:homology},
we represent the class $[F]$ as
\begin{eqnarray*}
[F]
&=&a_1[T_{\alpha\theta}]+a_2[T_{\beta\psi}]+a_3[T_{\alpha\psi}]+a_4[T_{\beta\theta}]\\
&=&(a_1,a_2,a_3,a_4)\in H_2(W)\cong\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}.
\end{eqnarray*}
Then, with the intersection form in \S\ref{subsect:homology},
we have, for example
\begin{eqnarray*}
a_2=[F]\cdot[T_{\alpha\theta}].
\end{eqnarray*}
If we let $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}\subseteq\hat{W}$ be the perturbation of
$T_{\alpha\theta}$, then $a_2=[F]\cdot[T_{\alpha\theta}]$ is equal to the
intersection $F$ and $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ in $\hat{W}$. This is
further equal to the intersection of $W$ and $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$,
since $F=\hat{W}\cap W$. Since $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ can be thought
of as a push-off of $T_{\alpha\theta}\subseteq W$ into
$S^6\smallsetminus W$,  we only need to  count the intersection of
$W$ and a push-off of $T_{\alpha\theta}$. By the same method, we can
compute $a_1$, $a_3$, $a_4$ and hence the class $[F]$ dual to the
normal Euler class $e_{\widetilde{J}}$.
We carry out this calculation below.

First, the punctured $2$-torus $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$ at
$(\theta,\psi)=(0,0)$ lies in the $3$-dimensional hyperplane
$\{w=0\}$, the hyperplane section by $w=0$ of the normal $4$-disk
$ D^4_{(0,0)}$. Consider a vector field $\nu$ normal to the
punctured $2$-torus $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(0,0)}$ in this $3$-dimensional hyperplane
$\{(x,y,z,0)\}$.
In each normal $4$-disk $D^4_{(\theta,0)}$, we consider
$(\theta,0)\times\alpha\subseteq\mathbb{T}^2\times D^4$
to be sitting in $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,0)}$ and push it off
along the same normal
vector field $\nu$. This determines a push-off
$\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ of the $2$-torus $T_{\alpha\theta}$ in $S^6$.

In each normal $4$-disk $D^4_{(\theta,0)}$, $W \cap D^4_{(\theta,0)}
= \stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\theta,0)}$. As we vary $\theta$, this punctured torus,
outside the $A$-band, lies in the $3$-dimensional hyperplane
$\{w=0\}$ and the $A$-band lies in
$\{(x,y,t\cos{\theta},t\sin{\theta})| t\in\mathbb{R}\}$. Therefore, the only
way that $W$ and $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ could intersect is when
$(\theta,\psi)=(\pi,0)$.

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=80mm,keepaspectratio]{pushOffAAAA-x.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Intersection of $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ and $W$.
We see the $A$-band of $\stackrel{\circ}{T}_{(\pi,0)}\subseteq W$.
A part of ${T}_{\alpha\theta}$ is shown as a straight thin line segment parallel to the $y$-axis.
The push-off $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ is a bold curve.
For visualization, we show the trace of this push-off.
}\label{fig:intersections}
\end{figure}

When $(\theta,\psi)=(\pi,0)$, in the normal $4$-plane
$D^4_{(\pi,0)}$, the whole $A$-band lies in the $3$-dimensional
hyperplane $\{w=0\}$. Figure~\ref{fig:intersections} depicts
the situation near the $A$-band in this $3$-dimensional plane, where
$\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ is viewed as a ``half-twisted arc'' and the
$B$-band is an oppositely half-twisted band (Compare
Figures~\ref{fig:spun00} and \ref{fig:spun01}). We see that the
intersection of $W$ and $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ consists of the two
points $P$ and $Q$, seen in Figure~\ref{fig:intersections}.

However, it is not easy to see from Figure~\ref{fig:intersections}
the crucial fact that these intersections  actually have the same
sign. For this we use Figure~\ref{fig:movmov}.

Figure~\ref{fig:movmov} shows a $3$-dimensional sub-disk of $W$
intersecting a $2$-dimensional sub-disk of $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$
transversely in $5$-dimensional space. The array of black dots
represent a square patch $S$ of $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$. The arrow in
each figure represents a line segment  of an $A$-band in $W$; thus
the array of these segments represents a $3$-cube of $W$.

Not shown is a sixth coordinate --- the $\psi$ direction.  This is a
fourth coordinate for $W$ and the sixth coordinate of the ambient
space --- this coordinate will not be considered for analysis here.
What really matters is the normal bundle to $W$ and tangent plane
to the torus and these can be clearly understood using this figure.
The $\theta$ corresponds to twisting of the first band $A$ and is
independent from the twisting with respect to $\psi$.

In the fifth row of Figure~\ref{fig:movmov} the arrow and the dot for
each value of $y$ are both in the $xz$-plane in $\{w=0\}$. The
one-parameter family of these two-dimensional figures, when stacked,
give rise to the three dimensional Figure~\ref{fig:intersections}.

We will be concerned with the two  intersection points of our torus
$\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ and the $4$-manifold $W$. In
Figure~\ref{fig:movmov} these points occur  where the black dot lies
exactly on the arrow
--- $P$ in row $5$ column $3$; and $Q$ in row $5$ column $7$. Choose an
orientation of the tangent bundle of $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ and
an orientation of the normal bundle of $W$.  Transversality assures
that, at each point of $W \cap \hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$, we can
identify two-dimensional fibers of these bundles. The sign at the intersection
point $P$ is $+1$ if the two orientations agree, and $-1$ if not.

The square patch $S$ of $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ is flat in the
$\theta xyz$-cube, thus its tangent plane coincides with this square $S$.
Specifically,
orient $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ with vectors $\tau_y$ in the $y$
direction (that is along the rows from left to right in
Figure~\ref{fig:movmov}) and $\tau_\theta$ the $\theta$ direction
(down the columns of Figure~\ref{fig:movmov}). This ordered pair
$(\tau_y,\tau_\theta)$ gives an orientation of the tangent plane of
$\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$. Next we chose a framing for the normal
bundle for W. The normal $2$-disks to $W$ are all represented as
disks normal to the arrow. In row $5$ column $1$ we orient the
normal disk $W$ by a vector pair $(\omega_1,\omega_2)$ where
$\omega_1$ is in the direction of the $z$-axis and $\omega_2$ in
direction of the $w$-axis. Continuing in the fifth row, we choose
$\omega_1$ orthogonal to the arrow in the gray disk and $\omega_2$ in
the direction of the $w$-axis. (The details of the normal frames in
other rows will not need to be considered in our analysis.)

We first focus on $\tau_y$ at $P$ --- row $5$ column $3$. As we go
from left to right, the arrow rotates in the disk while the dot
rotates in the opposite direction. The dot
 from the positive side of the arrow (with respect to $\omega_1$)
to the negative side.  It follows that, at $P$, $\tau_y= -\omega_1$.
Similarly at $Q$ (row $5$ column $3$) the dot goes from the negative
side back to the positive side. Thus at $Q$, $\tau_y= +\omega_1$.
This can be seen also in Figure~\ref{fig:intersections}.

Next we consider $\tau_\theta$ at $P$. This second tangent direction
is downwards the third column. Note that as the dot passes $P$ it
goes from below the disk (that is, hidden from view) to above it
(visible).  This is in the direction of the positive $w$-axis. Thus
at $P$, $\tau_\theta=\omega_2$. At $Q$ we see the dot go from above
the disk to below it and so at $Q$, $\tau_\theta=-\omega_2$. This
information is not apparent in Figure~\ref{fig:intersections}.

In summary the intersection numbers at $P$ and $Q$ are both $-1$.
However, this sign depends on our choice of orientation of
$\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$, so we can only conclude that the signs at
$P$ and $Q$ are the same.

Thus, we conclude:
\begin{eqnarray*}
a_2=[F]\cdot[T_{\alpha\theta}]=\pm2.
\end{eqnarray*}
By the same argument for
$\beta$, $\psi$ and the $B$-band
instead of $\alpha$, $\theta$ and the $A$-band,
we have $a_1=\pm2$.

\begin{figure}[tbhp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,keepaspectratio]{localModelArray-x.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Local pictures of $\hat{T}_{\alpha\theta}$ (dots) and $W$ (arrows).
The horizontal rows correspond to the $y$-direction and
the vertical columns correspond to the $\theta$-direction.
The disks in gray indicate the surfaces of revolution of the arrows
and only to guide visualization of these $3$-dimensional graphics.
They are not part of our construction.}\label{fig:movmov}
\end{figure}

For the two tori $[T_{\alpha\psi}]$ and $[T_{\beta\theta}]$, we can
easily check that their push-offs along the same normal field $\nu$
 do not intersect
$W$ at all. Therefore, we have $a_3=a_4=0$.

Finally, the homology class dual to the desired normal Euler class is
\[
[F]=(\pm2,\pm2,0,0)\in H_2(W)\cong\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}.
\]
Thus, we have

\begin{prop}\label{prop:euler}
$e_{\tilde{J}}=(\pm2,\pm2,0,0)\in H^2(W)$.
\end{prop}

\subsection{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:main}}\label{subsect:proof}
To prove Theorem~\ref{thm:main}, we have only to compute the
Haefliger invariant $\Omega(J)$ for our spun knot
$\Sigma_\Phi^3\subseteq S^6$
by using its Seifert surface $ W\subseteq S^6$ constructed in
\S\ref{subsect:seifert}.

By Theorem~\ref{thm:invariant},
together with Proposition~\ref{prop:euler}, we have
\begin{eqnarray*}
\Omega(J)
&=&-(\sigma(W)-e_{\widetilde{J}}\smile e_{\widetilde{J}})/8\\
&=&\pm(2\times2+2\times2)/8\\
&=&\pm1.
\end{eqnarray*}
This completes the proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:main}.\qed

\section{Remarks}\label{sect:remarks}
In view of the proof in \S\ref{subsect:proof},
we easily see the following.

\begin{remark}
In the construction of $\Sigma_\Phi^3\subseteq S^6$,
by using $\Phi'(\theta,\psi):=\Phi(m\theta,n\psi)$ ($m,n\in\mathbb{Z}$)
for spinning (i.e.\ if we change the speed of the resolutions),
we obtain the spun knot representing $mn$ times the generator
represented by $\Sigma_\Phi^3$ in $C^3_3$.
\end{remark}

All of our arguments are valid for higher-dimensional Haefliger
knots $C^{2k+1}_{4k-1}$, $k\ge2$. First of all, Budney's resolution
map is actually defined also in higher dimensions \cite[\S5]{budney}
and our construction of the spun knot works there. Furthermore,
since we also have higher-dimensional versions of
Theorem~\ref{thm:invariant} (see \cite[Theorem~2.3]{mT1} and
\cite[Theorem~5.1]{mT2}), the proof is directly extended in high
dimensions. Namely, we have:

\begin{remark}
If we deform-spin $ S^{4k-1}\subseteq S^{6k}$ about
\[ S^{2k-1}\times S^{2k-1}\subseteq S^{4k-1}\subseteq S^{6k}\]
via the higher-dimensional Budney map \cite[\S5]{budney}
\[ S^{2k-1}\times S^{2k-1}\to\mathcal{K}_{2k+2,1}\]
(which corresponds to the case where we put $n=2k+2$ in Budney's
description of the generator of $\pi_{2n-6}\mathcal{K}_{n,1}$
\cite[\S5]{budney}), then the resultant spun knot represents a
generator of $C^{2k+1}_{4k-1}$ for $k\ge1$. All the steps of the
proof
 parallel  those of the
case $k=1$ (\S\ref{sect:seifert}) with little alteration.
\end{remark}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Geared Turbofan™ Engine MRO Network Features Top Companies and Global Reach
ORLANDO, Fla., April 9, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Pratt & Whitney, a division of United Technologies Corp. (NYSE: UTX), has assembled a world-class, global network of maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) companies to service its game-changing Geared Turbofan™ (GTF) engines. GTF engines are currently being maintained by a network of the industry's top MRO companies, including Pratt & Whitney, MTU Aero Engines (MTU), Japanese Aero Engines Corporation (JAEC) and Lufthansa Technik (LHT). As engine volume grows, the network will continue to expand to include other worldwide airline and MRO facilities.
"Operators can expect the highest level of aftermarket support from the GTF MRO network providers," said Eva Azoulay, vice president, Engine Services, Pratt & Whitney. "Today, the growing GTF network spans three continents, ensuring world-class quality service for every GTF customer, regardless of their location. We will continue to add capacity and experience as we see shop visits increasing over the next several years. These efforts truly are changing the global MRO landscape."
The GTF MRO network is part of Pratt & Whitney's EngineWise™ service portfolio, which provides engine operators with a variety of aftermarket services resulting in long-term, sustainable value.
"The advantage of EngineWise comes in our commitment to advance and integrate our engine expertise and fleet intelligence into service offerings for our customers," said Azoulay. "EngineWise allows our customers to optimize engine performance to keep their businesses running smoothly and efficiently."
Pratt & Whitney's Columbus Engine Center in Columbus, Georgia, USA, became the first GTF engine MRO facility to maintain Geared Turbofan engines in 2016. In addition, Pratt & Whitney's Eagle Services Asia facility in Singapore expects to begin servicing PW1100G-JM engines next year.
About Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney is a world leader in the design, manufacture and service of aircraft engines and auxiliary power units. United Technologies Corp., based in Farmington, Connecticut, provides high-technology systems and services to the building and aerospace industries. To learn more about UTC, visit its website at www.utc.com, or follow the company on Twitter: @UTC.
This press release contains forward-looking statements concerning future business opportunities. Actual results may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to changes in levels of demand in the aerospace industry, in levels of air travel, and in the number of aircraft to be built; challenges in the design, development, production support, performance and realization of the anticipated benefits of advanced technologies; as well as other risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those detailed from time to time in United Technologies Corp.'s Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
SOURCE Pratt & Whitney
Carroll Lane Named President of Commercial Engines, Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney Names Ashmita Sethi Managing Director-India

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Kingdom of Bhutan lies towards the eastern extreme of the Himalayan Range, between the Tibet Autonomous Region to the north and India to the south, southwest and east. Other neighbours include Nepal to the west, Bangladesh to the south, both separated by small stretches of Indian territory. Bhutan is a very compact, landlocked nation, with just a small bit more length than width and a size of approximate 46,500 square kilometres.
The Himalayas dominate the north of the country, where many mountain peaks reach seven thousand metres. Further south, the highlands are the most populous part of the nation, with the capital of Thimphu lying in the western highlands. This region is characterized by its many rivers, the isolated river valleys that house most of the population, and the expansive forests that cover seventy percent of the nation. The extreme southern strip of the nation consists mostly of tropical plains, more typical of India. It is largely agricultural land, producing mostly rice. Only two percent of Bhutan is arable land, with most of it found in this southern strip.
Official Name: Kingdom of Bhutan
Capital: Thimphu
Population: 716,896 (CIA world factbook, July 2012 est.)
Languages: Dzongkha (official), Nepali, English and numerous regional languages
Main Religions: Buddhism, some Hinduism
Time Zone: 6 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (+6 GMT). Daylight Saving Time is not observed
Voltage Requirements: 220 Volts
Telephone Code: 975, country code


The People's Vote March drew a crowd pegged at a million people flooded the streets of London on Saturday, protesting the disastrous policy and calling on a new referendum.
While the option of a second referendum on Brexit was once seen as unlikely, there's now a semblance of hope for those backing the vote. Prime Minister May has bungled the process and is faced with a variety of dubious options, including a yet-again delayed exit or even a no-deal Brexit that would have serious ramifications for world economy.
Dubbed "Put It To The People," Saturday's march saw around a million people participate, organizers said. The event also included a rally in front of Parliament. The Rally included members from across all parties.London Mayor Sadiq Khan was among those marching and he was scheduled to speak at the post-march rally.
In London, though, the streets were flooded with protesters holding quippy signs and marching in costume, all part of the growing movement to demand a new vote over leaving the EU.
The movement to remain in the EU got a big boost in visibility earlier in the week when an online petition calling for revoking Article 50, the law that outlines how countries can exit the EU, gained so many signatures (now at 4.4 million) that it crashed the government's petition website.
To say the Brexit process has been a disaster is putting it mildly, as can be seen by the fact that Prime Minister May is the target of both aforementioned protests that take opposing sides. It's reflective of the infighting that's taken place in Parliament, leaving that body of government in a deadlock with no plan in place for an exit.
Despite Saturday's enormous protest, odds of a second referendum are still long thanks to the hurdles that need to be cleared -- including approval from that deadlocked Parliament, a decision on what, exactly, the referendum would be a vote on, and negotiating a timetable on the vote.
For now, it's a wait-and-see situation for everyone. The EU has given May until April 12 to get a deal passed by Parliament.
Failure to get a deal done will mean either a no-deal Brexit or May will have to propose yet another alternative before that deadline. And, with that, yet another journey into the unknown for the UK.


Strategic intervention is a psycho-educational approach for creating change for individuals and couples. It blends the unique qualities contained in strategic family therapy with life coaching into a model that produces lasting transformation.
It is based on the premise that people run patterns. Patterns can be changed. When you learn how to identify the patterns and the values, beliefs and emotions that support those patterns you can shift your life and your relationships.
The distinction between therapy and strategic intervention lies in the focus. Therapy is for people who have problems that are making them feel bad emotionally and impairing their ability to function effectively. Unless the problems are resolved it will be difficult for people to make progress in life. Strategic Intervention isn't about fixing broken people, it is about fixing broken patterns. The basic presumption is that people are in a healthy place mentally (no recognized mental health problems) and they are ready to learn new information about themselves and their partner that will help them run more effective patterns, which will help them achieve their goal. Most people seeking Strategic Intervention seek to have more satisfying, passionate relationships.
Doesn't that take a long time?
Not really. Change happens in a second. The role of a Strategic Interventionist is to point out the patterns you are running in response to the patterns your partner is running. Once the patterns are identified they can be changed quite rapidly. If you were to go to a marriage and family therapist, you could spend several months, even years, talking about the why and how of who is doing what. SI focuses on identifying the what and shifting it. Here's a chart that does a brief comparison.
It's a little bit education where you study and get to know your favorite subject – yourself – better, and a you take strategic action t change what isn't working effectively for you. Together we identify your patterns and the values and beliefs that are holding them in place. You learn what makes your partner tick (kinda like being given the operator's manual) based on their values, beliefs and needs. Together you explore how you can take actions that produce more positive patterns than the negative ones you've been running. After the first session, in which I focus on getting to know you and assess whether you will be a good fit for the model, each session takes on a different flavor depending upon your needs, desires and goals.
My partner doesn't want to seek support. Can I change a relationship if I just work with you?
Absolutely. My gut tells me that you may have a goal here to change your partner and you partner may be pushing back and thus his/her reluctance to seek a professional for support of the relationship. But we can create change by focusing on what you can do in the relationship to make it more fulfilling, satisfying and passionate. There are things you can learn about yourself and your partner that will enable you to make transformative changes in the relationship. Think about your relationship as a waltz . If you change your step, your partner will change theirs in response and adaptation to how you changed.
We aren't married, but we are thinking of getting married. Is this going to be effective for us?
You might benefit from a premarital education process if you want to focus on getting ready for the commitment of marriage. I have a different program for marriage education. It is has a more structured, evidence-based curriculum in which I also integrate research on what makes marriages work.


text:
Closing the digital divide in Black America [McKinsey.com]
On 01/23/2023, in 24x7x365 access, Bring your own device (BYOD), communications, digital learning, education, education technology, funding / grants, future, homeschooling/homeschoolers, human-computer interaction (HCI), instructional design, K-12 related, learning ecosystem, Learning from the Living [Class] Room, learning hubs & pods & microschooling, learning spaces, legislatures / government / legal, online learning, parents, participation, skills, society, sociology, tablets, technologies for your home, telecommunications, tools, United States, by Daniel Christian
Closing the digital divide in Black America — from mckinsey.com
Five steps could help to bring broadband and digital equity to every Black household in the United States—urban and rural—while bolstering efforts to create a more inclusive economy.
But broadband access is only part of a much bigger picture. Ensuring all Americans can fully participate in civic life and the digital economy requires affordable subscriptions, internet-enabled devices, applications, digital skills, and high-quality technical support. For example, while smartphone and tablet penetration are approximately equal among White, Black, and Hispanic and Latino adults in the United States, only 69 percent of Black Americans and 67 percent of Hispanic Americans have desktop or laptop computers, compared with 80 percent of White Americans (Exhibit 1).5 A 2020 OECD survey found that roughly half of Black workers had the advanced or proficient digital skills needed to thrive in our increasingly tech-driven economy, compared with 77 percent of White workers.6
Three items re: the business of higher education
On 12/24/2022, in business side of he, changing business models, colleges, community colleges, cost of getting a degree, funding / grants, generational differences, higher education, parents, society, student-related, surviving, United States, universities, by Daniel Christian
Local private colleges slash tuition prices as enrollment declines — from news.yahoo.com by Jason Law
"By reducing the published price, we certainly would hope that more people would apply," Alexander said. "If they see a sticker price of $60,000 or more, there's research out there that says 60% of them don't take the next step to apply or figure out if they can afford it."
One of the most frustrating aspects for consumers, the Hechinger Report found, is the difference between a school's sticker price—its published tuition cost–and the actual price a student will pay after scholarships and institutional aid are subtracted.
"Many families are not aware that some students do not pay the full sticker price for college. Only 18% of college-bound families agree that the amount families actually pay is lower than the price advertised by the school," a 2022 Sallie Mae College Confidence report found.
Student Loan Debt: 2022 Statistics and Outlook — from investopedia.com by Daniel Kurt, Thomas Brock, and Amanda Jackson; with thanks to Ray Schroeder for posting this on LinkedIn
The numbers are staggering—and still on the rise
The total amount of outstanding student loan debt in the United States is $1.77 trillion.
Soaring college costs and pressure to compete in the job marketplace are big factors for student loan debt.
Student loans are the most common form of educational debt, followed by credit cards and other types of credit.
Delinquency statistics may be understated because of the relief provided to student loan borrowers by the White House.
Borrowers who don't complete their degrees are more likely to default.
Congress to Boost Pell Grant by $500 — from insidehighered.com by Katherine Knott
While the draft spending plan for fiscal year 2023 provides more funding for several programs, higher education groups and advocates had hoped for higher increases.
CEO Roundtable With Ari Kaplan: Legal services and legal tech CEOs reflect on 2022 & offer perspectives for 2023 [Kaplan]
On 12/24/2022, in funding / grants, innovation, law schools, Legal operations, legal reform, legal technologies, legislatures / government / legal, by Daniel Christian
CEO Roundtable With Ari Kaplan: Legal services and legal tech CEOs reflect on 2022 and offer perspectives for 2023 — from abajournal.com by Ari Kaplan
Legal Services Corporation Awards $4.6 Million in Technology Grants to 29 Legal Aid Organizations — from lsc.gov
WASHINGTON—The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) announced today that it is awarding 33 Technology Initiative Grants (TIG) to 29 legal services providers totaling $4,679,135. These organizations will use the funds to leverage technology in delivering high-quality legal assistance to low-income Americans.
Grant recipients have used this funding to enhance cybersecurity, build educational platforms, strengthen program capacity and support the work of pro bono attorneys. Successful TIG projects are often replicated by organizations around the country, creating wide-reaching impacts.
A Debate on Nonlawyer Participation Part II: Ralph Baxter Explores the State Bar Obligation to Improve Access to Justice — from legaltechmonitor.com by Natalie Anne Knowlton
Stephen Younger argues against nonlawyer ownership on the grounds that it would threaten the independence of the legal profession and would not solve the access to justice crisis. In contrast, Ralph Baxter offers a pro-reform perspective, arguing that reforms are necessary to meaningfully address the access to justice crisis—and that state bar association inaction on these issues constitutes a dereliction of duty.
In part one of this two-part IAALS blog series, we explored Younger's argument in "The Pitfalls and False Promises of Nonlawyer Ownership of Law Firms." This piece details Baxter's opposing perspective as set out in "Dereliction of Duty: State-Bar Inaction in Response to America's Access-to-Justice Crisis."
Top 4 legal technology news stories of 2022 — from abajournal.com by Nicole Black
In the meantime, looking back on the top legal technology news stories is a great way to identify key trends that hint at what's to come for lawyers and their clients in 2023 and beyond.
The Top 10 Law & Tech Stories of 2022 Countdown – 1. The Next Era of Litigation — from jdsupra.com
Attorneys and their client are looking for a more secure, more familiar, more intuitive, more efficient virtual environment than the mass-market videoconference platforms that were hastily deployed during the pandemic.
ABA Lawyers Broadly Support Remote Depositions — from lexology.com
Eighty-eight percent of lawyers responding to a recent American Bar Association survey said they prefer the use of remote depositions in their practices. Another 93% supported the use of remote technologies for all pretrial hearings.
The survey results are further evidence of the rapid and profound transition toward wider use of remote technologies in the legal profession.
Buyer Beware: First-Year Earnings and Debt for 37,000 College Majors at 4,400 Institutions [cew.georgetown.edu]
On 11/22/2022, in adult learning, business, business side of he, career development, collaboration, colleges, community colleges, cost of getting a degree, data mining, funding / grants, higher education, learning ecosystem, Michigan, MOOCs -- Massive Open Online Courses, parents, student-related, United States, universities, vendors, by Daniel Christian
Buyer Beware: First-Year Earnings and Debt for 37,000 College Majors at 4,400 Institutions — from cew.georgetown.edu
Did you know that in the first year after graduation you can make more money with an associate's degree in nursing from Santa Rosa Junior College in California than with a graduate degree from some programs at Harvard University? Data from the College Scorecard reveal many more surprising details of post-college outcomes for students and families about that all-important first year after graduation. Buyer Beware: First-Year Earnings and Debt for 37,000 College Majors at 4,400 Institutions finds that first-year earnings for the same degree in the same major can vary by $80,000 at different colleges and universities. It also reveals that workers with less education can often make more than workers with more education, and that higher levels of education do not always result in higher student loan payments.
Speaking of Georgetown, also see:
Georgetown University partners with Coursera to launch an online bachelor's completion program for adult learners — from blog.coursera.org
In the U.S. alone, more than 39 million students leave college without a degree. Black, Latino, and Native American students are overrepresented in this population.
SCS's program is designed to help students of all backgrounds complete their degrees and unlock their earning potential. The degree's most recent on-campus cohort is composed of 62% students of color and 40% military-connected learners. SCS is introducing this fully online degree to scale this program to learners worldwide.
Californians approve big funding boost for arts education [Watson]
On 11/17/2022, in animation, art, design, drama/theater, funding / grants, graphics, legislatures / government / legal, multimedia, music, United States, vision/possibilities, writing, by Daniel Christian
Californians approve big funding boost for arts education — from apnews.com by Julie Watson; with thanks to Goldie Blumenstyk for this resource
SAN DIEGO (AP) — California voters on Tuesday approved a ballot measure backed by a celebrity lineup that included Barbra Streisand and Los Angeles-born rappers will.i.am and Dr. Dre that could pump as much as $1 billion a year from the state's general fund into arts education.
Supporters said it would benefit public school programs that go beyond the traditional art, theater, dance and music classes to include graphic design, computer coding, animation, music composition and script writing.
Also from Goldie Blumenstyk:
@CeciliaOrphan and I have a new article out in @ChangeHigher on expanding our understanding of "value" in higher education to better capture the full contributions of regional public universities as broadly accessible anchor institutions. https://t.co/iY5eIP5uzb
— Kevin R. McClure (@kevinrmcclure) November 15, 2022
What to Know About the New Rules on Pell Grants for Prison Education [Mangan]
On 10/29/2022, in adult learning, career development, education, funding / grants, legislatures / government / legal, policy, society, sociology, United States, by Daniel Christian
What to Know About the New Rules on Pell Grants for Prison Education — from chronicle.com by Katherine Mangan
The U.S. Department of Education on Thursday released final regulations that spell out how colleges can lay the groundwork for enrolling some of the more than 700,000 incarcerated people who are expected to become eligible next summer to apply for Pell Grants to pay for college.
The new prison-education initiative, which will take effect in July, will eventually replace the Second-Chance Pell Program, a pilot that began in 2015 under the Obama administration. Since then, it has grown to allow around 200 colleges to offer prison-education programs that are supported by Pell Grants, currently worth up to around $7,000 per year.
More Than 3 in 4 Americans Believe College Is Difficult to Afford [Jacobson Snyder]
On 10/12/2022, in Alternatives, business side of he, colleges, community colleges, cost of getting a degree, funding / grants, future, future of higher education, game-changing environment, higher education, learning ecosystem, parents, society, sociology, student-related, trends, United States, universities, by Daniel Christian
More Than 3 in 4 Americans Believe College Is Difficult to Afford — from morningconsult.com by Amanda Jacobson Snyder
And about half of U.S. adults say in-state public universities are "not affordable," as shifting trends in enrollment may make flagship state schools seem financially out of reach
A college education is widely perceived as unaffordable for most Americans, with 77% of U.S. adults saying a college degree would be difficult for someone like them to afford.
82% of women said a college degree would be difficult to afford, compared with 73% of men.
Roughly 4 in 5 Black and Hispanic adults said college would be difficult to afford.
Stanford Law School tries out income-share financing [Bauer-Wolf]
On 09/26/2022, in funding / grants, law schools, student-related, United States, universities, by Daniel Christian
Stanford Law School tries out income-share financing — from highereddive.com by eremy Bauer-Wolf
Stanford Law School will allow some students to fund their law degrees with an income-share agreement, in which they will pay back tuition costs through a portion of their salaries over 12 years.
The law school is working with a nonprofit, Flywheel Fund for Career Choice, on the pilot program, which will initially be open to 20 students. The law school attendees will be able to have up to $170,000 of their tuition covered upfront in exchange for paying back 10% of their salaries.
Reflections on "A Best-Selling Textbook Is Now Free" [Knox]
On 08/13/2022, in business side of he, change, changing business models, colleges, community colleges, content development, aggregation, repositories, cost of getting a degree, Daniel S. Christian, funding / grants, higher education, open courseware and systems, parents, publishing, student-related, surviving, teaching & learning, United States, universities, vendors, by Daniel Christian
A Best-Selling Textbook Is Now Free — from insidehighered.com by Liam Knox
A popular chemistry book's jump from a publishing titan to an OER pioneer could be pivotal for the open access movement. For the author, it's also a fitting tribute to his late son.
John McMurry's textbook Organic Chemistry has helped millions of students across the globe pass the infamous gauntlet of its namesake class — also known among stressed-out pre-med students as "orgo" — since the book was first printed in 1984.
For his bestseller's 10th edition, McMurry has decided to part ways with his longtime publisher, the industry giant Cengage, which has published the book since the beginning. He recently sold the rights to OpenStax, a nonprofit based at Rice University that is dedicated to developing open education resources (OER), learning and research materials created and licensed to be free for the user.
From someone paying for a young adult to get through college, I hope this kind of thing happens more often! 🙂 But seriously, there are too many instances when students have been treated as cash cows, when we should have been bending over backward to help them get their educations.
For example, if I pay an invoice from our son's university by credit card, I get a 3% charge — of the total invoice/$$ amount!!! — added to the bill. Are you kidding me? I have to pay several hundred dollars just for an electronic transaction?!
Can you imagine if the same thing happened to the rest of us at restaurants, hotels, grocery stores, etc. out there? Consumers would throw a fit! And I'd be right there with them.
Also related, see:
Millennials have money problems — from linkedin.com by Taylor Borden
Excerpt (emphasis DSC):
The average millennial is $117,000 in debt, but don't blame avocado toast. According to new research, more than 70% of millennials have some form of non-mortgage debt, typically linked to student loans and credit cards.
Too Broke to Finish a Ph.D. Program? Tell Us About It — from the chronicle.com by Fernanda Zamudio-Suarez
Doctoral programs can be long, trying, and expensive — even cost-prohibitive, depending on your circumstances.
The workforce is changing. Can community colleges change with it? [Burke]
On 07/30/2022, in 21st century, adult learning, career development, communities of practice, community colleges, funding / grants, higher education, reinvent, research, skills, society, staying relevant, surviving, United States, workplace, by Daniel Christian
The workforce is changing. Can community colleges change with it? — from workshift.opencampusmedia.org by Bylilah Burke; with thanks to Dr. Paul Czarapata for this resource
Advocates and researchers in education are asking if two-year institutions might transform to reach a fuller potential—serving as community hubs for social and economic mobility.
Increasingly, they're also the place students like Plunkett turn to when they find themselves at a dead end in their career and need to retool. And advocates and researchers in education are asking if these institutions might transform to reach a fuller potential—serving as community hubs for social and economic mobility.
That's certainly the future envisioned by groups like Achieving the Dream, a leader in the student success movement. Karen Stout, president and CEO of the organization, has said that means colleges must take a more active role in bringing career-aligned education and reskilling opportunities—whether their own programs or those developed by industry—to the community.
"In the past, community colleges were lifelong-learning institutions," Stout told Work Shift earlier this year. "Now we must become lifelong career-matching institutions—a source of upskilling, a rational pathway to career development that weaves together opportunities for students to move in and out of work and school that is designed to progressively lead to a career in a particular field."
It's a tall order, as the American workforce from Alabama to Wyoming is set to change drastically over the next few decades. Can community colleges rise to the occasion? Some already are.
Also from workshift.opencampusmedia.org, see:
A series of high-profile researchers and commentators this past week put the U.S. financial aid system under the microscope—looking at whether it reduces or perpetuates inequality. @kevincarey1, @dynarski, @linzcpage, @jscottclayton, Art Hauptmanhttps://t.co/YBhzEC3p3D
— workshiftnews (@workshiftnews) July 28, 2022
4 Institutional Effectiveness Indicators to Watch [Neill]
On 07/29/2022, in business side of he, colleges, community colleges, funding / grants, future of higher education, game-changing environment, higher education, organizational change, United States, universities, by Daniel Christian
4 Institutional Effectiveness Indicators to Watch — from campustechnology.com by Jack Neill
Is your college or university on track to achieve its strategic goals? Taking the pulse of these four areas can identify problems that need attention or successes moving the institution forward.
Future-proofing higher ed means knowing what's coming and not waiting to enact a plan. In terms of what's coming, we know advancements in technology, changing accreditation requirements, student demand, and employer-led education and job training (to name a few examples) are quickly changing the nature of how we learn and how we work. When it comes to future planning, embracing the new era of Institutional Effectiveness is the way forward.
Like many things in life, Institutional Effectiveness is easier to define than it is to implement. But now we can't deny the urgency for institutions to get these next steps right when it comes to executing their short-term and long-term strategic plans. Institutional change can take a long time, and while a holistic approach is encouraged, it's usually not feasible (or recommended) to try to tackle everything all at once. Therefore, it's important to recognize which areas require immediate attention in order to successfully steer the college or university in the right direction.
Here are four key indicators to watch, and how to determine if your institution is on the right track:
For Native Americans, Unequal Child Care Funding Leaves Tribes in Need [Tamez-Robledo]
On 07/29/2022, in career development, education, education reform, funding / grants, parents, participation, society, sociology, United States, by Daniel Christian
For Native Americans, Unequal Child Care Funding Leaves Tribes in Need — from edsurge.com by Nadia Tamez-Robledo
Native communities are in desperate need of quality child care. And yet, they are the least likely demographic to get it.
Tribal leaders have long known that access to child care is essential to making sure their members can work. That was true four decades ago, when researcher Linda Smith—now director of the Bipartisan Policy Center's Early Childhood Initiative—was starting her career in early childhood education by establishing a child care center on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation in Montana.
Over the years, she says little has changed in the way of getting tribes more support to meet the child care needs of their members.
Reflections on "Higher Ed Is Looking to Refill Jobs. But It's Finding a 'Shallow and Weak' Candidate Pool." [Zahneis]
On 07/20/2022, in business side of he, career development, change, colleges, community colleges, Daniel S. Christian, funding / grants, higher education, organizational change, teaching & learning, United States, universities, using teams, by Daniel Christian
Higher Ed Is Looking to Refill Jobs. But It's Finding a 'Shallow and Weak' Candidate Pool. — from chronicle.com by Megan Zahneis
While higher education has largely recovered nearly all of its pandemic-associated job losses, the task of recruiting and hiring administrators and staff members has become a daunting one, according to a Chronicle survey of college leaders, hiring managers, and administrators that was conducted with support from the Huron Consulting Group.
Nearly 80 percent of the 720 respondents said their campus has more open positions this year than last, and 84 percent said that hiring for administrative and staff jobs has been more difficult in the last year.
Those positions are harder than ever to fill, too: 78 percent of leaders said their campus had received fewer applications for open jobs in the last year, and 82 percent agreed that they'd fielded fewer applications from qualified candidates. Said one person who took the survey: "The pools have been shallow and weak."
Ask any ***staff*** member who has been working within higher education these last 10-20 years if this development is surprising to them, and they would tell you, "No, this is not a surprise to me at all." Working within higher education has lost much of its value and appeal:
Budgets have been shrinking for years — so important/engaging new projects get taken off the plate (or indefinitely postponed). So opportunities for personal growth and new knowledge for staff members have been majorly curtailed. Also, members of administrations may decide to outsource those exciting projects that do survive to external consultants.
Oftentimes, salaries don't match inflation — and they were never stellar to begin with.
Staff are second-class citizens within the world of higher education
They aren't part of the governing bodies (i.e., the Faculty Senates out there don't include staff). Faculty members have much more say, control, and governance over things and get the opportunities to travel, learn, present, grow, share their knowledge, etc. much more so than staff members.
There are few — if any — sabbaticals for staff members.
Even those working within teaching and learning centers and instructional designers don't have their hands on many steering wheels out there. Many faculty members prefer to hold their own steering wheels and they won't listen to others who aren't people they consider their "peers" (i.e., essentially other faculty members).
They often don't get the chance to do research and to make money off that research, like faculty members do
Staffing levels are inadequate, so one takes on an ever-increasing amount of work for the same pay.
And others could add more items to this list. So no, this is not a surprise to me at all. In a potential future where team-based content creation may thrive, it appears that some team members are dropping out.
Public colleges' operating revenue rose 3.1% in 2021 despite lower net tuition [Seltzer]
On 07/09/2022, in business side of he, colleges, community colleges, cost of getting a degree, funding / grants, future of higher education, game-changing environment, higher education, learning ecosystem, United States, universities, by Daniel Christian
Public colleges' operating revenue rose 3.1% in 2021 despite lower net tuition — from highereddive.com by Rick Seltzer
"This strong performance is unlikely to continue as universities continue to grapple with student affordability issues and enrollment losses, along with inflation affecting labor and other operating costs," the report said.


text:
La stasis (du grec ancien  / , pluriel  / , « faction, discorde, sédition ») désigne dans la Grèce antique une crise politique d'origine sociale et morale procédant d'un conflit interne à une cité-État sur le fondement d'un déséquilibre ressenti dans la répartition du pouvoir, pouvant mener à la guerre civile.

Caractérisation et causes

La notion de stasis peut être traduite par les termes de discorde, de décadence, d'effondrement des valeurs aristocratiques, de troubles civiques et même de révolte. Désignant la réalité de la guerre au sein même de la ville, elle s'oppose en ceci au terme , qui fait référence à la guerre contre un ennemi extérieur. Cette crise est aussi bien perçue dans les sources comme une souillure civique que comme une sédition. Elle ne connaît ni règle ni limite et trouve son expression la plus aiguë dans la révolution puis la guerre civile. Cette rivalité se traduit dialectiquement par des affrontements politiques ou des guerres intestines, par une suite de revendications, de victoires et de relatifs reculs qui résument l'histoire de la cité archaïque, de la tyrannie et du processus de démocratisation.

La stasis résulte généralement d'une tension entre divers groupes sociaux, dont l'un se sent floué par le système politique imposé. La friction peut découler de causes multiples, tel qu'un écart de richesses, mais surtout un rôle politique différent au sein de la cité, entre les familles aristocratiques combattantes d'une part, et une classe de commerçants et d'artisans enrichis d'autre part, ces derniers demandant à participer à la vie politique de la cité.

Du point de vue mythologique, la stasis est souvent incarnée par le dieu Arès durant l'époque classique. Ce dernier, traditionnellement assimilé à la guerre offensive et à la destruction, peut ainsi également représenter la guerre civile, le désaccord au sein d'un même peuple, du fait de sa brutalité et de sa proximité avec sa sœur Éris, déesse de la discorde.

Histoire
La plupart des cités grecques connaissent diverses formes de stasis aux époques archaïque et classique (du  au ).

À Athènes, les Eupatrides (du grec ancien  / , « de bonne famille, bien-nés ») s'opposent à ceux que l'aristocratie qualifie de  (, singulier  / ). L'adjectif  signifie non seulement « mauvais, méchant » mais également « bête, laid, honteux », suggérant des nuisances occasionnelles.

À Mégare, c'est le poète Théognis de Mégare qui se fait le témoin de la stasis dans sa cité :

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Ouvrages francophones
 Ninon Grangé, Oublier la guerre civile ? Stasis, chronique d'une disparition, Paris 2015.
 .
 .

Autres
  Moshe Berent, Stasis, or the Greek invention of Politics, dans History of Political Thought 19, 1998, p. 331ff.
  Shlomo Berger, Revolution and Society in Greek Sicily and Southern Italy, Stuttgart 1992.
  Henning Börm, Stasis in Post-Classical Greece, The Discourse of Civil Strife in the Hellenistic World ; dans Henning Börm, Nino Luraghi (eds.), Polis in the Hellenistic World, Stuttgart 2018, p. 53ff. .
  Henning Börm, Mordende Mitbürger, Stasis und Bürgerkrieg in griechischen Poleis des Hellenismus (Historia-Einzelschriften, 258), Stuttgart 2019 .
  Hans-Joachim Gehrke, Stasis, Untersuchungen zu den inneren Kriegen in den griechischen Staaten des 5. und 4. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. (Vestigia, 35), Munich 1985.
  Benjamin Gray, Stasis and Stability, Oxford 2015.
  Mogens Herman Hansen, Stasis as an essential Aspect of the Polis ; dans M. H. Hansen, T. H. Nielsen (eds.), An inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford 2004, p. 124ff.
  Nick Fisher, Hybris, revenge and stasis in the Greek city-states ; dans H. van Wees (ed.), War and Violence in Ancient Greece, Londres 2000, p. 83ff.
  Andrew Lintott, Violence, Civil Strife and Revolution in the Classical City 750–330 BC. Londres 1982.
  Dirk Loenen, Stasis, Enige aspecten van de begrippen partij- en klassen strijd in Oud-Griekenland, Amsterdam 1953.
  Jonathan J. Price, Thucydides and internal war, Cambridge 2001.
  Geoffrey de Ste. Croix, , Londres 1981.
  Hans van Wees, "Stasis, Destroyer of Men" : Mass, Elite, Political Violence and Security in Archaic Greece ; dans C. Brélaz et al. (eds.), Sécurité Collective et Ordre Public dans les Sociétés Anciennes, Genève 2008, pp. 1-39 .

Articles connexes
 Guerre civile
 Inégalité sociale

Concept de philosophie politique
Concept philosophique grec
Expression grecque
Histoire de la Grèce antique

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In a small, heavily settled place such as Prince Edward Island many plant and animal species can suffer from habitat loss, competition from new or invasive species and other factors.
The Prince Edward Island Wildlife Conservation Act includes provisions for the protection of species at risk and their habitats. Species at risk include plants, animals or other organisms that are considered to be endangered, threatened or of special concern because of sensitivity to human activities or natural events.
Where can I get information on species at risk?


Having more data should make your decisions easier. We make electricity usage in your facility transparent – providing insights and clarity about the impacts of each decision you make.
Our PhDs are applying Machine Learning and Advanced Analytics to electricity consumption data, finding new insights and use cases.
Our team of renowned energy experts have spent their careers helping customers identify solutions for their electricity management needs.
A serial entrepreneur, David Kim brings a lifetime of company building to Crocus Energy. Prior to founding Crocus Energy, he founded and was the CEO at GridWiz, a Demand Response and Smart Grid solutions provider in South Korea. Before founding GridWiz, he was a founder and executive at WIZnet, a company that provides internet processors for the Internet of Things (IoT).
David received his MS and Ph.D in computer engineering from Busan National University in Korea.
Daniel co-founded Crocus Energy to combine his passion for solving energy domain problems and developing disruptive products while meeting deliverables of customer requirements. Daniel spent his formative years at Samsung SDI and other companies articulating a path from business plan to commercial products. He has experience in product development, project management, business development and management consulting.
Lim holds a Bachelor's Degree in Economics and Statistics from Carnegie Mellon University and a Master's Degree in Engineering Management from Brown University.
John is a performance-oriented professional with insight on Industrial IoT and cloud platform technologies. Before joining Crocus Energy, he was Chief Marketing Officer and SVP for Encored Inc. John was responsible for all things related to business strategy and development, energy market dynamics, customer engagement, disruptive technologies, and day-to-day business operations. He also held a lead R&D position at Encored.
John holds a Master's degree in Computer Science from Illinois Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Northeastern University.
At Crocus Energy, Frank applies cutting-edge methods and techniques in machine learning to help create our electric energy management products. Prior to Crocus Energy, Frank was a Senior Research Scientist at Cyglass, applying his skills to the problem area of network security and anomaly detection.
Frank holds his Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Rhode Island, specializing in applied discrete dynamics and combinatorics.
Dr. Meiburg was the Acting Deputy Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from 2014 to 2017, the culmination of a 39-year career with the EPA.
He served in senior career positions as EPA's Deputy Regional Administrator in the Southeast and South Central regions of the United States, as well as in EPA's air office in Research Triangle Park and in Washington, DC. Among his many honors, he received EPA's Distinguished Career Service Award, EPA's Gold Medal for his work on the Clean Air Act Amendments, the Commander's Award for Public Service from the Department of the Army, and was recognized by President Barack Obama as a Distinguished Federal Executive in 2012, the highest civilian award for a Federal senior executive.
Kevin Thompson is currently the VP of Marketplace Engineering at Uber, where he leads the development for one of the world's largest technology platforms.
Prior to his time at Uber, Kevin served as a VP of Engineering at Google, where he led and scaled the the strategic YouTube Ads engineering team. While at Google, Kevin was recognized for significantly increasing revenue while keeping YouTube free for more than a billion users as well as improving ad measurement and user experience by developing the TrueView family of ad formats. Prior to his twelve years at Google, Kevin served at Intraspect Software, TimeDance and NASA.
Kevin holds a M.S. in Computer Science from the University of California Irvine and a B.A. from the University of Virginia.
David Yeh's career spans Wall Street, global venture capital, and the White House. David integrates his unique insights on business, innovation, and government to develop solutions that often address critical needs in sustainability, infrastructure, and resiliency. David works with global asset managers, family offices, and game changing startups.
At the White House, David aided the Administration's effort to grow investment and innovation in our nation's energy, water, telecommunications, and transportation infrastructure. He supported the turnaround of a $76 billion federal energy and transportation office. The program accelerated the growth of electric vehicles sector and utility scale clean energy market through funding the largest solar and wind power plants and Tesla. He also guided the Administration's effort on developing public-private partnerships with Fortune 500 firms, family offices, and global asset managers including managing relationships with sovereign wealth funds. He founded the Presidential Executive program which recruits C-suite executives to join the federal government to solve national challenges such as the Western water crisis, investing in rural America, and cybersecurity. Prior to his Presidential appointment, David was a multi-asset investor in Beijing, London, and New York. In London, he worked at Generation IM's $683 million Climate Solutions fund. In China, David launched the strategy and business development for a multi-billion dollar energy efficiency lending franchise for the World Bank and the Chinese Ministry of Finance. He helped catalyze investment in early stage green technologies through holding the first Cleanweb Hackathons and developing an energy seed fund and incubator strategy for New York. David started his career building the bipartisan Headwaters Coalition that protected 60,000 acres of redwoods.
David holds a BA from Dartmouth College and a MBA from the Wharton School of Business. He is fluent in English and Mandarin Chinese as well as proficient in French.
The Marketing Director will be in charge of Crocus Energy's marketing ventures. This involves developing and implementing strategies to strengthen the company's market presence, establishing thought leadership and building brand awareness.
© All rights reserved Crocus Energy, Inc.
Website design by AOE Creative Consulting.


text:
A Antiga Casa de Oração dos Jesuítas, também conhecida como Casa à Rua Carlos Gomes, nº 57, é um sobrado construído no século XVII localizado no centro da cidade de Salvador, no estado da Bahia. O local atualmente abriga a CAIXA Cultural Salvador, inaugurada em 1999 por meio do programa Caixa Cultural. A edificação está tombada pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) desde 18 de julho de 1938.

Histórico
Construída no ano de 1696, segundo a data localizada no portal de acesso feito em arenito, o edifício foi doado para a Companhia de Jesus para a implantação de suas atividades que duraram até 1759, quando a ordem religiosa foi expulsa do Brasil a mando do rei D. José I.

O imóvel posteriormente serviu como residência de diversas famílias como a do Comendador Manoel Gomes da Costa, que o adquiriu da família Freire de Carvalho em 1884. Em 1941, passou a abrigar um asilo administrado pela Santa Casa de Misericórdia, também funcionou ali um jornal chamado "Diário de Noticias", publicado pelos Diários Associados, e a Rádio Sociedade da Bahia.

Em 1983, a Santa Casa de Misericórdia entregou o prédio à Caixa Econômica Federal para quitar suas dívidas. O local foi então restaurado pelo banco entre 1997 e 1999 para servir como um espaço cultural com o objetivo de exibir performances musicais e teatrais, lançamentos de livros, oficinas, palestras e programas educativos.

Ligações externas

Fundações no Brasil em 1696
Construções de Salvador
Patrimônio tombado pelo IPHAN na Bahia
Arquitetura colonial no Brasil


Integrated solutions for lighting shelving structures. ZTL-SH!
- 96 series, having an initial power of 9.6 W / m., 120SMD2835, 1200Lm / m.
- 144 series, having an initial power of 14.4 W / m., 60SMD5050, 1400Lm / m.
- 180 series, having an initial power of 18.0 W / m., 60SMD5630, 2400Lm / m.
For more information about the products in this series, as well as order samples, you can call our sales department or leave a request on our website.
At the end of October, 2017, our company completed the setting up and preparation of production for the production of lighting solutions for various types of refrigerated cabinets.
The solution for lighting cabinets was called ZTL-BL.
In this decision, in order to reduce the purchase price, a new type of fixture fixing is applied, namely, the end fastening to the bearing surface and an additional supporting glue base for reliable fixing of the luminaire.
Soon, in our range of products for outdoor advertising will add a moisture-proof LED module using a diffusing lens.
The new line will bear the general name ML (Module with Lens - module with a lens). The first of the series on sale will be lenticular modules-triplets 3ML. In the future, we plan to also release 1ML, 2ML and 4ML (modules with one diode, two diodes and four diodes, respectively).
LED module with a lens is one of the most popular and popular products on the market of advertising constructions. The reason for this - the versatility and reliability, because with the help of small modules you can highlight almost any light advertisement. Therefore, we pay much attention to reliability and quality of our products, expansion of the assortment, as well as the economic component of the project.
The approximate start of mass sales is mid-summer. If you are interested in this product, contact us, and you will most likely be able to receive samples earlier or even place a preliminary order.
Our company this year participated in the annual exhibition of trade and refrigeration equipment Euroshop. This year it takes place from 5 to 9 March in Dusseldorf, Germany.
The exhibition presented the world's leading brands of equipment for retail and merchandising, as well as related materials and services for this sector. This includes lighting, electricians, technology for various exhibitions and presentations and much more.
Within the framework of this event, we presented our products to both domestic and foreign manufacturers of trade and refrigeration equipment. This was the first such experience for us, and we were glad to participate in such an important event for the industry. We hope that next year we will come forward with new products and solutions and, as a result, we will find more partners.
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Are you looking for a licensed primary care doctor accepting new patients in Inland Empire? Do you need to see a doctor near you and don't want to spend hours waiting in urgent care? Heal can help.
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A rare balance of simplicity with surprising detail.
For the urban creative who likes it smart and streamlined, the Slim Backpack holds your everyday essentials, without the excess. A padded pocket keeps your laptop stowed safely when you're on the move – no bouncing against your back – while internal storage keeps your tech, clothing, snacks and personal items ordered. An external zip pocket offers handy access to phone, wallet and glasses.


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Coffee / Filter
Colombia — Ají
One of the rarest coffee kinds to recently become accessible is the subject one of our first 2023 releases, Ají.
For some this is also known as the Bourbon Ají, though it has been discovered to not be a bourbon variety.
The Ají variety is genetically distinct from ancestor seeds carried to the Americas centuries ago and specialists are still unaware of its origin, it is a relatively recent discovery in the world of coffee. It is thought that it is a newly discovered Ethiopian Landrace not found in many accessions.
The variety Ají is distinguished by the variety's distinctively mildly spicy pepper character, which is followed as it cools by red fruit flavors and mild floral undertones, creating a unique and distinctive cup. We've found these spicy notes to be closer to rosehip, VOC spices or even mild sechuan.
The producer, Javier, has been involved with the coffee world for his entire life. His parents and grandparents have practically always been coffee pickers and have always lived in Bruselas, Huila. Being a picker is a very taxing job; Javier soon got bored of working that way and got more thrilled about the idea of being a producer himself. He learned how grow coffee trees and to process coffee by traveling to different regions in Colombia to learn. After many years of labor, he finally managed to save up enough money to go back to the farm where he was raised and plant his own coffee plants.
He convinced his dad and brother to be partners and they started planting robusta coffees. Over time they realised that the domestic robusta market is a very unfair market for the producer and so they began to learn more about specialty coffee. That's how they changed all their stock to Pink Bourbon. It was a variety that, due to the elevation of the farm, 1800 meters above sea level, had a great harvest. After about 3 years of producing Pink Bourbon, their neighbour José Salazar told them that he had found a new variety, that coffee left a mild spicy sensation in the mouth called "Bourbon Ají"; Javier decided to buy the seeds and started planting his very own Aji.
Sidenote: In 2020, José entered one of his coffees in Colombia's Cup of Excellence competition for the first time, and was awarded 17th place for a selection of his Pink Bourbon. In 2021, he decided to enter a different, somewhat mysterious variety that he had come to refer to as "Bourbon Ají" after noticing that the coffee cherries harvested from these particular trees had an aroma reminiscent of hot chili peppers ("ají" means "chili" in Spanish).
However, as mentioned before genetic testing indicated that this variety is not a bourbon at all, but rather, a little known Ethiopian landrace, José Salazar's Cup of Excellence submission certainly wowed the competition judges and his coffee was ultimately awarded 6th place in the 2021 competition with a cup score of 89.32.
The cherries were processed by 24 hours of fermentation in Grain Pro bags before pulping. After this the pulped beans are fermented for 70 hours in tanks. After this the coffee was dried in their dryer for 12 hours after washing and further dried on raised beds in their greenhouse.
This is a unique coffee, but we've found it a tricky one to find the sweet spot. An aroma that is toffee like and that of freshly baked pastries. A true spectrum of fruit notes from orange to cranberry to cherry.
It has amazing complexity, where, if you find the sweet spot, it has a very clear nectarine note. It has a tingling sensation in the aftertaste and flavour that also rosehip has and quite pronounced spice notes that are subtle and that of cinnamon.
Choose an optionAMOC JARREFILLKILO BAG
024 Colombia — Ají quantity
Bruselas, Huila, Colombia
Javier Alvear
Ají
Rosehip, nectarine, cinnamon
AMOC JAR, REFILL, KILO BAG
021 Colombia — Java
€32,20 – €107,10 inc. VAT


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MySoE Expand Collapse
The UW–Madison Department of Curriculum and Instruction is one of the premier graduate programs in the nation devoted to understanding the complex world of teaching, learning, curriculum, and policy. We develop mission-driven teachers and researchers who think critically about their subject areas–and in doing so, we strive to impact the world beyond the classroom.
Reinforced by world-class research and renowned faculty, we are consistently recognized as one of the very best programs of its kind. Our pursuits combine real-world experience in schools with expertise and research drawn from cross-disciplinary fields.
Our mission is to advance knowledge of, and professional practice in, teaching and learning. The mission is discharged through faculty activities in teaching, public service, and scholarship. These functions should not be seen as separate, but interdependent in the sense that excellence in any one area depends upon excellence in the other two.
The Department offers programs of undergraduate preparation for students to enter educational careers in schools and other agencies; master's level work to enhance professional skills and pursue scholarship in greater depth; and doctoral level work to develop competence as a research scholar. The graduate program focuses on five areas of research: Curriculum Studies and Global Studies; Design, Informal, and Creative Education; Disciplinary Studies; Languages and Literacies; Multicultural Education, Teacher Education, and Childhood Studies.
Faculty members participate in public service at the local, state, and national level. This includes in-service programs for teachers; consulting with schools and other agencies on matters of curriculum development; assisting teachers with supervisory work; coordinating state-wide professional activities; assisting in cooperative research and evaluation; consulting with state, national, and international agencies; serving in professional organization; and teaching special off-campus courses for university credit. Often these activities are undertaken in response to specific requests from school districts, professional organizations, public agencies, or individual teachers.
Faculty scholarship examines issues within both curriculum and instruction and in educational personnel in schools and other agencies. Scholarship includes historical, analytic, and conceptual studies to clarify issues; empirical research examining effects of educational practice; and normative studies that recommend policy and practice in the field.
Room 210, Teacher Education Building
225 North Mills Street
Hours: 7:45 a.m. – 4:30 p.m., Monday – Thursday
7:45 a.m. – 4:15 p.m., Friday
Phone: 608-263.4600
Fax: 608-263.9992
Email: curric@education.wisc.edu
The Department of Curriculum and Instruction is located in the Teacher Education Building at 225 North Mills Street (on the corner of Dayton and Mills).
Find us on the University of Wisconsin Campus Map or Google Maps.
Erica Halverson
Department Chair, Professor
erica.halverson@wisc.edu
Joey Anderson Lubasi
Sr. Student Services Coordinator
Lisa Sigurslid
lsigurslid@wisc.edu
Thomas Tegart
Graduate Program Coordinator
tstegart@wisc.edu
School of Education News and Events


television and drama production planning.
This website includes a selection of articles, texts, video clips, photos and links on the topic of pre-production. The material can be freely used in school classes or in self-study. If you sign in, you can add relevant material to the library.
The material is equally suited to film students and professionals and as well as amateur video makers.
The development of pre-production was the main theme of the Prefix project (2011-2015). The filmmaking process has been going through a big change in the past few years and the lines between pre-production, production and post-production have been blurred. As the production practices change, investment in the pre-production phase will turn out to be the most cost-effective choice.


A contaminated site is a site at which a hazardous substance occurs at concentrations above background levels and where assessment indicates it poses, or could pose if land use is changed, an immediate or long term risk of harm to human health or the environment. Refer to the Access Canberra website.
A number of guidelines have been developed to advise business and industry about good environmental practice. Refer to the Access Canberra website.
Environmental Authorisations and Environment Protection Agreements are important regulatory tools available to the EPA, as they set out conditions for activities carrying with them the greatest environmental risk.
Information relating to the Water Resources Act 2007. Refer to the Access Canberra website.
Forms and fees relating to the Water Resources Act 2007 .
The National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) provides Australians with access to information on the types, amounts and effects of pollutants being emitted in their communities. Refer to the Access Canberra website.
Classification of Liquid & Non-liquid Waste, Movement of Controlled Waste, Scheduled Waste, Notice of Application/Approval for Disposal to Landfill, Information on the Disposal of Empty Chemical Containers, Recycling and Waste.
Environment Protection and Water Regulation Legislation and Policies Links to the Environment Protection ACT 1997, Water Resources Act 2007 and related Information.
A guide for the administrators of the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) and the Trans Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement (TTMRA) and for those wishing to operate under the schemes. Refer to the Access Canberra website.


Patrick Murris has posted a ppt of the slides used at Javaone to the world Wind forums, check them out here.
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