text:
Q: Using SVG Icons I'm using use my own SVG icons and I'm trying to find the best way of using them.
I would like to keep the color but also adjust it if needed to match a theme or on when using hover.
I have tried using the following script which changes the following into an embedded SVG but as I load my scripts at the bottom of my HTML doc, I get a horrible jumping effect.

$(function(){
jQuery('img.svg').each(function(){
    var $img = jQuery(this);
    var imgID = $img.attr('id');
    var imgClass = $img.attr('class');
    var imgURL = $img.attr('src');

    jQuery.get(imgURL, function(data) {
        // Get the SVG tag, ignore the rest
        var $svg = jQuery(data).find('svg');

        // Add replaced image's ID to the new SVG
        if(typeof imgID !== 'undefined') {
            $svg = $svg.attr('id', imgID);
        }
        // Add replaced image's classes to the new SVG
        if(typeof imgClass !== 'undefined') {
            $svg = $svg.attr('class', imgClass+' replaced-svg');
        }

        // Remove any invalid XML tags as per http://validator.w3.org
        $svg = $svg.removeAttr('xmlns:a');

        // Check if the viewport is set, else we gonna set it if we can.
        if(!$svg.attr('viewBox') && $svg.attr('height') && $svg.attr('width')) {
            $svg.attr('viewBox', '0 0 ' + $svg.attr('height') + ' ' + $svg.attr('width'))
        }

        // Replace image with new SVG
        $img.replaceWith($svg);

    }, 'xml');

});
});
svg {width: 350px; height: 350px;}
svg path {fill: #000 !important;}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Windows_logo_-_2012_%28red%29.svg" alt="Microsoft" width="350" />

I've then tried to embed the the SVG by copying the code from Illustrator but the only way I can edit the colours is if I delete them in the html doc as my css won't override them.
What is the best way while keeping them from jumping?

A: Inline SVGs would be best IMO.
Export your SVGs using Illustrator (if you have troubles, follow this excellent guide by Colin Lord).
Then remove the colors from your SVG code and set them only using CSS.
If you have trouble overriding your colors you can give your SVGs IDs for more specifity.

A: If you go down the embedded route (which is my preferred option) - you don't actually need the majority of the HTML that Illustrator usually throws out.
Here is an example of your SVG with the most minimal code, then you can just use CSS to change the colours how you wish :-)

svg {
  width: 350px;
  height: 350px;
}

svg path {
  fill: #000;
  transform-origin: 0 0;
  transform: scale(3)
}

#svg3 path {
fill: turquoise;
}

#svg3:hover path {
fill: green;
}
<svg id="svg2">
  <path d="m0,12.402,35.687-4.8602,0.0156,34.423-35.67,0.20313zm35.67,33.529,0.0277,34.453-35.67-4.9041-0.002-29.78zm4.3261-39.025,47.318-6.906,0,41.527-47.318,0.37565zm47.329,39.349-0.0111,41.34-47.318-6.6784-0.0663-34.739z" id="path4"/>
</svg>

<!-- Another exmaple below using CSS to change the colours -->
<svg id="svg3">
  <path d="m0,12.402,35.687-4.8602,0.0156,34.423-35.67,0.20313zm35.67,33.529,0.0277,34.453-35.67-4.9041-0.002-29.78zm4.3261-39.025,47.318-6.906,0,41.527-47.318,0.37565zm47.329,39.349-0.0111,41.34-47.318-6.6784-0.0663-34.739z" id="path4"/>
</svg>


Biographical Sketch (1932):1372, p. 171-172. "Eve, who was likely named for her grandmother, Maria Eva, married Jacob Good in York County, Pennsylvania. They moved to Lawrence Township, Tuscarawas County about 1807. Jacob Good kept the first tavern in northern Tuscarawas County.1372, p. 171. As his authority, Farley cites Mansfield, J. B., The History of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, chapter IX. According to the U. S. census of 1800, Jacob and Eve had four daughters. One of them, whose name was Mary, married a Stout. Perhaps the Susanna who married a Blosser was also their child. Jacob Good purchased a lot in Lawrenceville from his father-in-law in 1808.1372, p. 171. As his authority, Farley cites Tuscarawas deeds, I-130. He also bought farm land from Abraham in 1808 and 1809.1372, p. 171. As his authority, Farley cites Tuscarawas deeds Old I-245 and 246. Jacob and Eve did not seem to care for pioneer life and went back to Washington, Pennsylvania, before 1818.1372, p. 171. As his authority, Farley cites Tuscarawas deeds Old III-390. They were still living in Washington in 1823 when they gave a quit-claim deed1372, p. 172. As his authority, Farley cites Tuscarawas deeds Old V-125. to John Machan Jr. who bought Abraham Musser's property after this death."
1790 U.S. Census:97 Eve enumerated in the household of her father Abraham Mosser in Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania as one of four females.
1843 Death:3114, p. 4. Tombstone in Recommittal Vault, First Lutheran Church, Washington, Washington County, Pennsylvania.
Consort of Jacob Good Sr.
1843 Death Mention:1364, v. 2, p. 106 (issue: 13 May 1843) In Washington County, Pennsylvania, "died on the same night [i.e. the 2nd inst, 2 May 1843] Mrs. Eve Good of Canton Twp. in the vicinity of this borough at an advanced age."


text:
Beckman Research Institute / Beckman Research Departments, Divisions & Centers / Population Sciences / Breast Cancer and the Environment Study
Breast Cancer and the Environment Study
Environmental Pollutants
Community Leadership Committee
Becoming an Advocate
Absorb/absorption: to take in; taking up of liquids by solids; passage of a substance through some surface of the body into body fluids and tissues
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone (or corticotrophin); a polypeptide hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Adipogenesis: the formation of fat or fatty tissue
Adipose tissue: a connective tissue consisting chiefly of fat cells that come from dietary fats or produced by the body; functions as an endocrine organ, producing hormones such as leptin, etc.
Adiposity: obesity
Adrenarche: underarm/pubic hair growth during puberty induced by a normal increase in activity of the adrenal cortex which releases adrenal androgens
Advocate: one who promotes an issue or supports a particular cause; to plead on behalf of someone or something
Aliquot: a measured portion of a sample collected for analysis; the sample could be biologic (blood, urine, etc.) or environmental
Alkylphenols: chemicals used in the production of detergents, plastics and some pesticides; tend to persist in the environment and can have estrogen-like properties
Analyte: the substance measured by a laboratory test
Aneuploidy: the state of having an abnormal number of chromosomes
Angiogenesis: the formation of new blood vessels; important in tumor growth
Anthropometry: measurements of the human body: height, weight, skin fold thickness, etc.
Antibodies: special proteins that are made by the immune system to attack and neutralize foreign substances called antigens
Anti-estrogen: a substance that blocks the activity of estrogen
Antigens: foreign substances (viruses, bacteria or abnormal cell changes) that are attacked by the immune system
Antineoplastic: preventing the development, maturation or spread of cancer (neoplastic) cells
Apoptosis: programmed cell death; a process that limits cell growth
Aromatase: an enzyme or group of enzymes that converts androgens (testosterone) into estrogens
Asbestos: a strong, noncombustible mineral fiber used in the past for fireproofing and insulation; it can pollute air and water and cause cancer or asbestosis when inhaled.
Atrazine: a widely used agricultural herbicide; mainly used on corn and soybean crops
B cells (also called B lymphocytes): white blood cells that produce antibodies and protect against infection and disease
Bacteria: any of a large group of single-cell, microscopic organisms that live in soil, water, plants, organic matter, animals and/or people; some can cause disease.
BCA (Breast Cancer Alliance of Greater Cincinnati): a breast cancer advocacy and educational organization founded in 1994
BCERC (Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers): funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Cancer Institute; centers are based at the University of California-San Francisco, University of Cincinnati, Michigan State University and Fox Chase Cancer Center.
Benign proliferative breast disease: a group of noncancerous conditions that may increase the risk of developing breast cancer; examples include ductal hyperplasia, lobular hyperplasia and papillomas.
Benign tumor: a noncancerous growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body
Benzene: a carcinogenic compound widely used in the chemical industry; also found in tobacco smoke, vehicle emissions and gasoline fumes
Benzo(a)pyrene: a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in coal tar, automobile exhaust (especially diesel engines), wood smoke and charbroiled foods; causes changes in the chromosomes of a gene(s) (mutagenic) and is highly carcinogenic
BFR (brominated flame retardants): over 70 variants are produced to treat electronics, furniture and clothing; some are considered persistent organic pollutants which are known to accumulate in the body.
Bile: a secretion of the liver; bile is stored in the gallbladder, discharged into the duodenum (small intestine) during eating, aiding the digestion of lipids.
Bioaccumulation: the increase in concentration of a substance(s) in an organism or a part, e.g., fat tissues, of the organism; the organism has a higher concentration of the substance than the concentration in the organism's surrounding environment.
Bioconcentration: bioaccumulation of substances taken in by the organism from water only; the rate of uptake from water is greater than the rate of excretion.
Bioinformatics: the science of managing and analyzing biological data using advanced computing techniques; especially important in analyzing genome research data
Biological monitoring: the periodic measurement of toxic substances or their metabolites in samples of blood, tissues, secretions, excretions (urine, stool, breast milk, seminal fluid) or exhaled air
Biologically effective dose: the amount of a deposited or absorbed chemical that reaches the cells or target site where an adverse effect occurs or where the chemical interacts with a membrane surface
Biomagnification (or bioamplification): the increase in concentration of a substance in a food chain (not an organism); persistent organic pollutants are compounds that biomagnify. (See POP.)
Biomarker: a substance detected in the blood, urine, other body fluids and/or tissues used to measure or indicate exposure to or alterations caused by a chemical compound; also used to detect the presence/progress of a disease (tumor marker)
Biomarker of effect: a substance detected in body fluids and/or tissues used to measure or indicate a biological response to an environmental chemical which gives a measure of toxic effect; biological responses may be at the molecular, cellular or whole organism level.
Biomarker of exposure: a substance detected in body fluids and/or tissues used to measure or indicate exposure to a chemical compound
Bioremediation: any process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes to clean a contaminated environment to its original condition
BMI (body mass index): used to gauge whether or not a person is overweight; it is calculated by dividing a person's weight (kilograms) by her/his height (meters2).
BPA (Bisphenol A): used in the production of epoxy resins that line food cans, bottle tops and water supply pipes; also used in production of polycarbonate plastics found in many food and drink packaging; known to have estrogenic effects
BRCA1 and BRCA2: two of the primary genes involved in breast cancer; classified as tumor suppressor genes
Caloric restriction: regulation of the consumption of calories
Cancer: a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control; cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body (metastasize).
Carcinogen: a substance that causes cancer
Carcinogenesis: a process by which normal/healthy cells turn into cancer cells
Carcinoma: a cancerous growth made up of epithelial cells: cells from tissues that form the covering around organs, such as lung, liver, or breast, or the lining of blood vessels
Carcinoma in situ: a cancer that involves only the cells in which it began and has not spread to nearby tissues
Case control: a type of epidemiology study design in which persons with and without a disease (or exposure of interest) are studied to identify factors associated with the disease
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): a major component of the US Dept. of Health and Human Services; provides facilities and services for the investigation, identification, prevention and control of disease
Cell: the basic unit of all living things; each cell contains essential components enclosed by a membrane.
Cell differentiation: a process by which immature/unspecialized cells become mature/specialized, i.e., have a specific function.
Cell proliferation: an increase in the number of cells as a result of cell division
Chemoprevention: the use of dietary substances and/or drugs to delay the development of cancer or stop it from coming back
Chemotherapy: treatment of infections and other diseases with chemical agents/drugs
Chromatin: mass of genetic material (DNA and proteins) compacted in the cell nucleus; it forms chromosomes.
Chromosome: a long strand of DNA that contains about 1,000 genes which carry hereditary information; there are 46 chromosomes in each cell of the body, except reproductive cells (egg and sperm) that contain only 23 chromosomes.
Clinical trial: a type of research study that uses volunteers to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis or treatment of a disease; also called a clinical study
Cohort: a collection or sampling of individuals who share a common characteristic (e.g., the same age group) or experience (e.g., employment in a particular industry during or for a specified period)
Complementary and alternative medicine: forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard medical treatments; examples include dietary supplements, mega-dose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, acupuncture, massage therapy, spiritual healing, meditation, etc.
Confidence interval (CI): a measure of the reliability of a statistical parameter (for example a population mean); reported as ± some number or as a numerical range. The CI is reported for a specified confidence level, most commonly 90%, 95% or 99%.
Confidence level: reflects the certainty that the statistic being presented is accurate; reported as a percentage, e.g., 90%, 95% or 99%.
Confounding: a variable that is associated with the independent and dependent variables in a statistical analysis; confounders must be controlled for in statistical analyses to avoid making a false conclusion about a probable causal relation between the two variables
Congeners: two or more things that are similar or closely related in structure, function or origin; chemical compounds similar in composition and effect
COTC (Community Outreach and Translation Core): a component of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers; responsible for integrating breast cancer advocates into the BCERCs and communicating research findings to the nonscientific public and policy analysts
Corticosteroids/corticosterone: a hormone of the adrenal cortex; it influences carbohydrate, potassium and sodium metabolism; it is essential for normal absorption of glucose, the formation of glycogen in the liver and tissues, and the normal utilization of carbohydrates by the tissues.
Cotinine: a major metabolite of nicotine found in blood and urine; currently regarded as the best biomarker for exposure of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco smoke
Critical period: a time in the early stages of an organism's life during which it displays a heightened sensitivity to certain environmental stimuli; the organism develops in particular ways due to experiences at this time
Cross-sectional: a type of epidemiology study design in which a randomly selected sample of persons from a community, industry or population are studied to assess the factors associated with the incidence or prevalence of a disease/condition
Cultural diet: a diet given to offspring in utero and throughout their lifespan
Cutaneous breast cancer: cancer that has spread from the breast to the skin
Cytotoxic therapy: drug treatment that is designed to inhibit the proliferation of cells or to selectively destroy abnormal cells
DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ or intraductal carcinoma): a noninvasive, precancerous condition in which abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct; the abnormal cells have not spread outside the duct to other tissues in the breast. DCIS may become invasive cancer and spread to other tissues; at this time, it is not known how to predict which lesions will become invasive.
DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane): the first modern pesticide; banned in the U.S. in the early 1970s because of its persistence and toxicity in the environment
Dermal: relating to the skin (epidermis).
DES (diethylstilbestrol): an artificial estrogen used in the past to prevent miscarriage; daughters of women who took DES have a higher risk of vaginal cancers.
DHHS (US Department of Health & Human Services): a cabinet-level department of the U.S. government responsible for the functions of various federal social welfare programs, health delivery agencies and research institutes
Differentiation: the acquisition of functions and forms different from those of the original; in cancer, differentiated tumor cells resemble normal cells and tend to grow slower than undifferentiated or poorly differentiated tumor cells which lack the structure and function of normal cells and grow faster.
Dioxin: a contaminant of the herbicide 2,4,5-T; widely used throughout the world as a defoliant and for weed control; highly toxic to humans and stable in the environment
DMBA (dimethyl benz(a)anthracene): an experimental carcinogen, not found in nature, synthesized in the lab to be used as a test carcinogen. DMBA serves as a model carcinogen for the class of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), which include many carcinogens; DMBA-generated breast cancer in the lab closely mimics human tissue changes.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): the molecule inside the cell that carries genetic information and is passed on from one generation to the next
DNA adduct: the binding of an environmental chemical with DNA, causing DNA damage; sometimes used as biomarkers of effect in research
Dose dependent: the effect of a chemotherapeutic agent or environmental toxin is proportionate to the treatment or exposure dose, respectively
Dose limiting (side effects): drug reaction(s) that prevent administering the drug at a higher dosage
Dose rate: the rate at which a drug or toxin is administered over a given period of time
Double blinded: a type of clinical study in which neither the medical/research staff nor the study participants know whether individual participants are receiving the study treatment or placebo
Ductal extension: measured as the distance from the midpoint of the lymph node to the leading edge of the ductal tree
Ductal tree: refers to the branch-like formation of the mammary gland ducts
Eligibility (or inclusion) criteria: requirements that must be met for an individual to be included in a research study; examples include age or type and stage of cancer
Endocrine disruptors: a diverse group of environmental chemicals that are capable of interfering with hormones produced in the body; also called xenoestrogens
Endocrine system: a network of ductless glands and other structures in the body that secrete hormones directly into the blood, affecting the function of specific organs and processes like metabolism and growth
Endocrine therapy: treatment that adds, blocks or removes hormones in order to slow or stop the growth of certain cancers (such as breast or prostate); also called hormone therapy, hormonal therapy or hormone treatment
Endocrinology: the study of the anatomic, physiologic and pathologic characteristics of the endocrine system and the treatment of endocrine problems
Endogenous: originating or produced within the organism or one of its parts (The opposite is exogenous.)
Endometrium: the layer of tissue that lines the uterus
Endothelial: a type of cell found in the lining of blood vessels, lymph nodes and the heart
Enterohepatic circulation: refers to the circulation of bile from the liver (where it is produced) to the small intestine (where it aids in the digestion of fats and other substances) and then back to the liver
Environment: any and all conditions external to an organism that can affect its life, development and/or survival
Enzyme: a substance that speeds up chemical reactions in organic matter, including the body; enzymes act on substrates to catalyze chemical reactions.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency): develops and enforces national standards and regulations that implement environmental laws enacted by Congress.
Epidemiology: the study of the patterns of diseases in human populations and the factors that influence the incidence, severity, morbidity and mortality of diseases
Epigenetic: modifications to the structure of the DNA, but not the DNA sequence, that result in changes in gene function (the organism's phenotype)
Epithelial cells: cells arranged in one or more layers that form part of a covering or lining of a body surface; these cells usually adhere to each other along their edges and surfaces.
Epithelium: membranous tissue composed of one or more layers of cells (epithelial cells), forming the covering of most internal and external surfaces of the body as well as the lining of vessels, body cavities, glands and organs
Estradiol: the most potent naturally occurring human form of the hormone estrogen
Estrogen receptor (ER): protein normally found in mammary cells to which estrogens attach and thereby exert their biological function
ER negative cancer: breast cancer cells that do not have the estrogen receptor; these ER-negative tumors do not need estrogen to grow and usually do not respond to hormone (anti-estrogen) therapy.
ER positive cancer: breast cancer cells that have the estrogen receptor; these ER-positive tumors need estrogen to grow and usually do respond to hormone (anti-estrogen) therapy that blocks ER function and subsequent tumor growth.
Estrogens: the family of hormones that promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics
Estrus cycle: the recurring physiologic changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian placental females; estrus (or heat) is signaled to the males of the species when ovulation is imminent. (Humans undergo a menstrual cycle in which the ovulation process is concealed.)
Etiology: origin or cause(s) as in the cause(s) of a disease or abnormal condition; factors which produce or predispose toward a certain disease or disorder
ETS (environmental tobacco smoke): ambient smoke produced by persons smoking cigarettes; also known as secondhand smoke
Exclusion criteria: eligibility criteria used to exclude individuals from participating in a study, often because a preexisting condition puts the individual at-risk in the study protocol or the condition potentially interferes with the study outcome
Excretion: the process of eliminating waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials from an organism
Exogenous: originating from or produced outside of the organism
Experimental design: a type of research study design that alters a risk factor
Exposure: contact of the outer or inner parts of an organism to a biologic, chemical or physical agent
Exposure assessment: prescribed documentation of an environmental agent's contact with and entry into an organism (especially the human body); focuses on sources and concentrations of the agent(s) in the environment, exposure pathways and probable internal dose
Exposure pathway: probable routes by which an organism comes in contact with a biologic, chemical or physical agent; refers to the behaviors of the organism that expose it to the agent as well as the agent's characteristics that enable it to come into contact with the organism
Extracellular: outside the cell(s)
Familial cancers: cancers that occur in families in which a mutated gene, associated with an elevated risk of developing a particular cancer(s), is passed on from one generation to the next. (BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are examples: If a woman inherits one of these genes, she has a higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer.)
Family history: a record of an individual's current and past illnesses and those of her/his grandparents, parents, aunts/uncles, siblings, children and other family members; can be used by geneticists and genetic counselors to assess risk for certain diseases
Fatty acids: building blocks of fat, essential for cell energy and growth
Saturated fatty acids: found in animal fats and tropical oils (palm and coconut); can raise the levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol
Polyunsaturated fatty acids: found mainly in fish, corn, soybean and safflower oil; may help reduce cholesterol levels (See also Omega-3 fatty acids.)
Fetal programming: an early stimulus or insult operating at a critical or sensitive period of prenatal development that results in a long-term change in the structure or function of the organism
Fibrocystic breast disease: noncancerous breast tissue build-up; although, some types of fibrocystic breast tissue changes can lead to an increased risk for breast cancer
Fine needle aspiration: the removal of fluid or tissue with a needle for examination under a microscope; also called needle biopsy
FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization): a laboratory technique used to determine the presence/amount of a certain gene in a cell
Focus group: a qualitative research technique in which an experienced moderator leads about eight to 10 participants through a semi-structured discussion on a select topic
Gavage: administration of a liquid or semiliquid through a tube, inserted in the nose and passed down the throat and into the stomach
Gene knockout: a laboratory term used to describe a type of mouse or cells whose DNA sequence has been intentionally deleted or inactivated for research purposes
Genes: pieces of DNA, or heredity units, which are passed from parents to their children; genes contain the information for making specialized proteins that are responsible for specific traits, such as eye color, height, etc.
Genetic counseling: a general process in which a trained genetic counselor documents generations of an individual's family history (pedigree) to assess their or their offspring's risk of a select disease(s)/disorder(s); based on the family history, the pros/cons of genetic testing may be discussed and/or the results interpreted
Genetic markers: alterations in DNA that may indicate an increased risk of developing a specific disease or disorder
Genetic susceptibility: an inherited increased risk of developing a certain disease or disorder
Genetic testing: analysis of DNA to look for genetic alteration(s) that may indicate an increased risk for developing a disease(s) or disorder
Genome: the complete genetic material of an organism
Genomics: the comprehensive study of whole sets of genes and their interactions
Genotype: the genetic makeup/constitution of an organism; distinguished from its physical appearance (phenotype)
Germline mutation: a gene mutation, present in the egg or sperm, that can be passed from parent to a child
Glucocorticoids: a general classification of adrenal cortical hormones; primarily active in protecting against stress and in affecting protein and carbohydrate metabolism
Glucose: sugar, a source of energy; formed during digestion and the metabolism of carbohydrates in the body
Gonadotropins: hormones secreted by the pituitary gland; capable of promoting gonadal (ovaries and testes) growth and function
H and E: a specific immunohistochemical stain in which hematoxylin and eosin are used to stain normal and pathologic structures in a cross-section of the mammary gland
Habitus: the physical characteristics of a person
Herbicide: a chemical that destroys plants and weeds
Histology: the science concerned with fine cell structures, tissues and organs in relation to their function
Homeostasis: the property of a living organism to regulate its internal environment so as to maintain a stable, constant condition, i.e., equilibrium
Hormonal profile: analysis of a substance (generally serum) to determine the levels of progesterone, testosterone, ß-estradiol, cortisol, DHEA-S and melatonin
Hormone: a chemical substance produced and secreted by an endocrine (ductless) gland; transmitted by the blood to another tissue on which it has a specific effect
Hydrolysis: any chemical reaction in which water is one of the reactants; the combination of water with salt to produce an acid and a base; the reverse of neutralization
Hyperplasia: when cells in an organ are growing faster than normal
Hyperplastic: relating to hyperplasia; the state of having an increase in number of normal cells in a tissue or organ
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: a complex, multidirectional pathway between the hypothalamus of the brain, the pituitary gland and the adrenal gland; controls reactions to stress and regulates various body processes including digestion, the immune system, mood, sexuality and energy usage
Hypothesis: a best estimation, based on scientific knowledge and assumptions, of the results of an experiment; it usually describes the anticipated relationship among variables in an experiment. A scientific hypothesis must be 1) testable and 2) falsifiable.
Immunohistochemistry: analytical methods based on dyes and antibodies, used to locate and identify markers in cancer tissues
Imprinting: events during gestation and/or early postnatal stages that may have long term consequences for health
Incidence rate: the number of people who develop a disease divided by the number of people at risk of developing the disease in a specific time period
Indolent: noninvasive or slow growing
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma: the most common type of breast cancer; the cancer begins in the milk ducts and invades other tissues
Inguinal: relating to the groin
Inhibitor: a drug or compound that slows or blocks biological, chemical or enzymatic action
Initiated cell: a cell which has undergone genetic changes leading to cancer after an environmental or chemical insult
In situ cancer: early stage cancer that has not spread
In utero: in the uterus; typically refers to events that occur in the womb before birth
In vitro: in an artificial environment; refers to a process that is studied in a test tube or culture medium
In vivo: studies conducted within a living organism
Insulin: a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; essential for metabolism and regulation of blood sugar; causes liver and muscle cells to take in glucose and store it in the form of glycogen; causes fat cells to take in blood lipids and turn them into triglycerides
Insulin-like growth factor: a hormone, with other growth-promoting factors, that plays a role in the development of the mammary gland; also known as somatomedin
Internal (absorbed) dose: the amount of an environmental agent or chemotherapeutic agent absorbed by the organism and available to undergo metabolism, transport, storage and/or elimination
Indraductal proliferation: a precursor lesion in the DMBA rat model in which only epithelial cells within the ducts are affected
Invasive lobular carcinoma: breast cancer that originates in the milk glands and spreads into surrounding tissues; accounts for 10 to 15 percent of all breast cancers
Ionizing radiation: high energy waves; kills and/or retards cell development and causes gene mutations and chromosome breaks; a known cause of breast cancer
Irradiation: the use of high energy radiation to kill cancer cells
Isoflavones: substances found in soy products that can act as weak estrogens; currently being studied for their prophylactic properties
Isoform: a protein that has the same function as another protein but which is encoded by a different gene and may have small differences in its sequence
Laser capture microdissection: a method for isolating pure cells from specific microscopic regions of tissue sections; useful for collecting selected cells for DNA, RNA and/or protein analyses; does not alter or damage the morphology or chemistry of the collected sample or surrounding cells
Latency: time between exposure to a pathogenic organism, chemical agent or radiation, and the onset of disease
Leptin: a hormone produced by adipose (fat) tissue which has a role in body weight regulation, blood cell development, blood vessel formation and immune function; plays a central role in fat metabolism and helps to control appetite via the brain's hypothalamus
Leukocytes: also called white blood cells; type of cells that fight infection
Limit of detection: the smallest amount (concentration) that can be detected with reasonable certainty using a specific analytical procedure
Linear dose response: a type of response in which the risk of disease changes at the same rate as the exposure; as the exposure increases, the risk disease increases proportionately.
Lipophilic: ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids and nonpolar solvents
Lobular carcinoma in situ: a noncancerous overgrowth of cells in breast lobules; may increase chances for developing breast cancer in the future
Local cancer: a noninvasive cancer that is entirely confined to the original organ
Locally advanced cancer: cancer that has spread to other parts of the breast and nearby lymph nodes
Lymphatic system: tissues and organs that produce, store and carry leukocytes that fight infection; system includes the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and a network of thin tubules that carry lymph to all the tissues in the body
Lymphomas: cancers that begin in cells of the lymphatic (immune) system; Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's are the two major categories of lymphoma
Macrophage: a type of white blood cell that helps remove bacteria, viruses and abnormal cells
Malignant tumor: a cancerous growth that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body
Mammary whole mount preparation: a procedure in which one or more rat mammary gland is removed, defatted, specially stained and mounted for examination; allows for examination of the whole mammary
Mass spectrometry: a laboratory technique for separating ions (atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge) based on their mass-to-charge ratios; a state of the art analytical technique used to measure biomarkers
Maximum contaminant level: the highest level of a contaminant that U.S. Environmental Protection Agency allows; a legally enforceable standard
Maximum contaminant level goal: the level of a contaminant at which there would be no risk to human health; not a legally enforceable standard
Melanoma: a form of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes (cells that make the pigment melanin); usually begins in a mole
Menarche: the first menstrual period
Metabolic syndrome: a group of metabolic risk factors, including central obesity, blood fat disorders, insulin resistance and high blood pressure.
Metabolism/digestion: a chain of energy-producing chemical reactions in the body; all energy and material transformations that occur within living cells. These processes are the basis of life, allowing cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures and respond to their environments.
Metabolite: intermediate or end products of metabolism
Metabolome: the collection of all metabolites in a biological organism; considered the compilation of an organism's gene expression
Metabolomics: the systematic study of the total metabolite pool (the metabolome) using nuclear magnetic resonance profiling
Metalloproteinases (or metalloproteases): enzymes which use a metal in the catalytic mechanism; some are involved in cancer progression
Metaplasia: abnormal change in cell appearance
Metastases: the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another
Mitogen: a chemical that stimulates cell division/growth
Molecule: is made up of two or more atoms. Biological molecules (such as proteins and DNA) are made up of thousands of atoms
Morphogenesis: differentiation and growth of tissues and organs during development
Morphology: pertaining to the shape and form (structure) of an organ, tissue, etc.
Mortality rate: the number of deaths in a given population over a specified period of time
Multifactorial: referring to multiple factors. Mutifactorial disorders result from mutations in multiple genes and frequently involve exposures to environmental chemicals
Multivariate analysis: analysis of more than one statistical variable at a time; distinguished from univariate analyses
Mutation: an alteration in a gene that can result in a damaged, lost or displaced gene; it can be minor, deleterious or have no effect on cell function
NBCC (National Breast Cancer Coalition): a coalition of grassroots breast cancer organizations that lobby at the national, state and local levels for public policies that impact breast cancer research, diagnosis and treatment; conduct educational programs like Project LEAD, etc.
NCI (National Cancer Institute): one of the National Institutes of Health established in 1937; supports and conducts basic and clinical biomedical research and training addressing cancer-related diagnosis, treatment, prevention and public education
Neoplasia: abnormal (can be benign or cancerous) growth of cells
NIEHS (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences): one of the National Institutes of Health established in 1969; supports and conducts basic and human research and training addressing how environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility and age interact to affect health and disease
NIH (National Institutes of Health): a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; the primary federal agency responsible for conducting and supporting medical research; consists of 27 institutes and centers
Nucleus: the most prominent component of a cell containing hereditary information (chromosomes)
Nulliparity: condition of having borne no children
Odds ratio (OR): the ratio of the odds of a condition/event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group; OR>1 indicates that the event/condition is more likely in the first group; OR<1 indicates that the condition/event is less likely in the first group.
Olestra: a fat substitute that adds no fat, calories or cholesterol to products. It was created by Procter & Gamble in 1968; also known by its brand name, Olean
Omega-3 fatty acids: type of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are derived from food; found in cold-water fish (tuna, salmon and mackerel) and in dark green leafy vegetables, flaxseed oil and some vegetable oils. Capable of reducing serum cholesterol levels. Examples:
Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids – in fish.
Alpha-linolenic acid – the only omega-3 fatty acid found in vegetable products; most abundant in canola oil
Oncogene: a gene that normally directs cell growth, but becomes altered, thereby promoting cancer growth. Gene alterations can be inherited, occur randomly, or can be caused by an environmental exposure to carcinogens.
Organic pollutants: (See POP.)
Outcome measure: the endpoint being studied; may be be directly quantifiable or surrogate measures may be used as an estimate or index.
Overexpression: excess of a particular protein; can be caused by an increase in the number of copies of the gene being expressed or increasing the binding strength of the promoter region; may be related to cancer progression
Oxidative stress: physiological stress on the body that is caused by the cumulative damage done by free radicals inadequately neutralized by antioxidants. It is associated with aging and cancer development
Paradigm: broadly, a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind; the theories, laws, evidence and generalizations that are used to formulate research questions and perform experiments
Pathogen: a disease-causing organism
Pathology: the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and body fluids; the study of disease processes
PBBs (polybrominated biphenyls): industrial chemicals found in plastics used in a variety of consumer products to make them difficult to burn, i.e., used as flame retardants
PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls): a group of over 200 industrial chemicals that were widely used. In 1974, all PCB production was banned in the U.S., but PCBs continue to be released in the environment and are found in human tissues and breast milk.
Perfluorooctanoic acid: used to manufacture various non-stick consumer products, including Teflon cookware and Gore-Tex clothing
Persistent organics (See POP.)
Pesticide: a chemical used to destroy pests of any sort; the term includes fungicides, herbicides and insecticides
PFC (Perfluorocarbons): a group of human-made chemicals composed of carbon and fluorine only; emitted as byproducts of industrial processes and also used in manufacturing
Phenotype: any observed quality of an organism, such as its morphology, development or behavior; distinguished from genotype
Phthalates: a class of industrial compounds used widely as plastic softeners, additives to perfumes and hairsprays, lubricants and wood finishers, among other things
Physiological: pertaining to the normal vital processes of organisms
Phytoestrogens: naturally occurring compounds found in plants, such as soybeans, or plant products, such as whole grain cereals, that act like weak estrogens in the body
Pipet: a procedure for exact measurement of fluid
Polymorphism: the quality or character of occurring in several different forms; genes can be polymorphic
POP (persistent organic pollutants or pesticides): chemical substances that persist in the environment (do not biodegrade), bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue, biomagnify in food chains and pose risks of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. POPs released in one part of the world can travel far beyond their source of origin via the atmosphere, oceans and other pathways. Health effects include cancer, damage to the nervous system, reproductive disorders and disruption of the immune system.
Postnatal: occurring after birth
Precocious puberty: the onset of puberty before the age of seven in Caucasian girls and before the age of six in African-American girls
Prevalence: the total number of cases of a disease/condition in a given population at a point in time
PRG (Pink Ribbon Girls): a support network for young breast cancer survivors in Greater Cincinnati
Progesterone: a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, brain, ovary and placenta; involved in the female menstrual cycle, embryogenesis, pregnancy and gestation; the major naturally occurring human progestogen
Progestin: a synthetic progestogen that has some biological activity similar to progesterone
Prospective study: a research study design that follows a cohort forward in time
Protease: any enzyme that digests proteins by hydrolysis (reaction with water); any enzyme that reacts with water to break the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain
Proteins: molecules in the cell that perform a wide variety of functions, such as protection support/movement, transportation, and activation of the chemical reactions that sustain life (e.g., enzymes for digesting food)
Proteomics: the study of the full set of proteins (the proteome) encoded by a genome
Psychosocial: refers to an individual's psychological development in the context of their social environment. The term can be used to describe the unique internal mental processes that occur within the individual in response to her/his interactions with others such as parents, peers and teachers.
Puberty: a series of biologic events that leads to the attainment of adult stature, maturation of the interaction of the master glands of the endocrine system with the ovaries and testes, and the ability to reproduce
Putative: generally regarded as such, but not definite; for example, putative carcinogen
Receptor: a protein inside or on the surface of the cell, capable of binding to a specific substance (such as hormones) and exert biological actions (cell growth and differentiation); example: estrogen receptor
Reference interval: a range of laboratory values for a specific analyte determined to be normal for specific age and gender categories; provides relevant comparison information for interpreting results; the 95 percent reference interval is most often reported
Refractory cancer: cancer that does not respond to treatment
Relapse: the return of cancer after initial improvement
Relative risk (RR): the ratio of the probability of a condition/event occurring in an exposed group versus the condition/event occurring in the control (nonexposed) group. RR=1 indicates there is no difference; RR>1 indicates the risk is greater among the exposed; and RR<1 indicates the risk is greater among the control.
Risk factor: a characteristic that increases the risk of disease; may be genetic, lifestyle behaviors, diet, environmental exposures, etc.
RNA (riboneucleic acid): "reads" information encoded in DNA and transfers it to a part of the cell that makes functional proteins
Secretion: production of a substance that differs in its chemical and physical properties from the cell or gland that produces the product; intended for use within the organism, not to be excreted; the product can be a solid, liquid or gaseous.
Selenium: a dietary mineral essential for chemical reactions in the brain and other parts of the body
Sensitive subpopulation: people who may be more vulnerable to exposure to an environmental exposure, whether a biological, physical or chemical agent; commonly refers to infants and children, elderly and people with compromised immune systems
Sentinel lymph node: the first lymph node where cancer spreads
Signaling: a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions; errors in cellular information processing are responsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity and diabetes. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their micro-environment is critical to development, tissue repair, immunity and homeostasis.
Somatic mutations: alterations in the DNA that are not transmitted to the offspring; distinguished from germ line mutations which can be transmitted to descendants
Somatomedin: see insulin-like growth factor
Statistical significance: based on probabilities, the observed outcome is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone; statistical evidence of a difference
Stress: disturbance of physiologic equilibrium
Stress hormones: such as cortisol and norepinephrine are released during periods of high stress; the hormone regulating system is known as the endocrine system
Stromal: pertaining to the connective tissue of an organ, gland or other structure
Susceptible/susceptibility: a term used to describe a person(s) who is more likely to develop a disease; at risk of disease
T cell: a type of white blood cell that attacks damaged cells, including cancer cells
Target population: particular group of people selected for study, intervention, education, etc.
Telomerase: an enzyme which mediates the repair or preservation of terminal sequences of chromosomes
Terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU): alveolar-lobular structure which forms the functional unit of the human breast; changes with hormonal events such as puberty, pregnancy and lactation.
Terminal end buds: structures at the tips of invading primary ducts in the developing mammary gland
Thelarche: the beginning of breast development in the female
Threshold dose response: a type of response in which, at very low exposures, there appears to be no detectable increased risk of disease; there is a threshold below which no risk is detected
Tissue: a group or layer of cells, such as the skin, that together performs specific functions
Titration: a procedure to determine the lowest antibody concentration needed to produce effective staining of given structures with minimal background
Toxicology: the study of the effects of physical and chemical agents on living organisms
Transcriptional: relating to the transfer of genetic information from one kind of nucleic acid to another; for example, from DNA to RNA
Transgenic: referring to an organism in which new DNA has been introduced into the germ (reproductive) cells by injecting it into the nucleus of the ovum
Tumor: an abnormal mass of tissue that results from uncontrolled cell division; can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
Tumor suppressor genes: or "cell guardians" – genes whose normal function is to prevent abnormal cells from dividing; certain mutations in tumor suppressor genes lead to cancer
UV: ultraviolet light
Vascular: relating to or including blood vessels; the vascular system includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor): responsible for the growth of blood vessels
Virus: parasitic microorganisms capable of causing disease; smaller than a single cell or bacterium, they cannot reproduce outside a living organism
Water contaminant: anything found in water (including microorganisms, radionuclides, chemicals, minerals, etc.) which may be harmful to human health
Inorganic contaminants are mineral-based compounds such as metals, nitrates, and asbestos, which are naturally occurring in some water, but can also enter water through human activities.
Organic contaminants are carbon-based chemicals, such as solvents and pesticides, which enter water through cropland runoff, discharge from factories, and other means.
Whole mounts: a preparation in which a sample of tissue (e.g., the entire breast) is examined for structure, type and frequency of lesions and other measurable parameters
Xenobiotic: an environmental compound; outside the body
Xenografts: a type of tissue graft in which the donor and recipient are of different species

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It's funny when you think about it, Champagne is probably the only alcoholic beverage that you can drink in the morning and not be considered a raving alcoholic! Here are 10 fun facts that you may not know about Champagne.
Marilyn Monroe, at least once, took a bath in Champagne. According to her biographer, 350 bottles of Champers were used to fill up her bath tub.
In 19th century England, high society dandies thought that the best way to polish their boots was with Champagne.
In a 750ml bottle of Champagne there are 49 million bubbles… approximately.
A cork will escape a bottle of champagne at 38-40 mph.
You are more likely to be killed by a flying Champagne cork than to be killed by a poisonous spider.
In the movie adaptations James Bond drinks Champagne more than any other beverage (nearly 40 glasses and counting).
There is about 90 pounds per square inch of pressure in a bottle of Champagne. That's more than triple the pressure in an automobile tire.
The longest recorded flight of a Champagne cork is over 177 feet (54 meters).
Pol Roger, the renowned Champagne house, made a special one pint bottle of champagne for Winston Churchill to be served to him every day at 11 a.m.
The world's most expensive champagne costs $275,000 per bottle!


When it comes to novelty and fun products, the Humpty Dumpty bath bomb defiantly pulls out all the stops. Inspired by the classic nursery rhyme, this gigantic bath bomb is not only perfect to be part of a Easter range but also brings out your inner child. The Humpty Dumpty bath bomb is very large compared to your average sized bath bomb. Shaped like an egg and decorated to look just how I imagine Humpty Dumpty to look like.
Although a bigger bath bomb does mean a much larger price tag. Due to its price I personally would not make this a product that I would purchase regularly. But I do think it is a fantastic novelty product and is perfect for presents or as a treat. I have decided this year to buy my friends and family these rather than a chocolate eggs as a slightly different twist on the Easter egg.
Although this bath bomb is a lot more exspensive than your average bomb, this product is actually designed to last you three baths, making it rather good value for money. All that you have to do is crack the egg in half (this is quite difficult so please be careful), which give you two halves to use in two seperate baths. Concealed in the centre of the product is a brilliantly designed little fried egg! This egg creates your third bath and also adds another fun and novel element to this already quirky product.
Scent wise the Humpty Dumpty bath bomb smells very similar to the scent family honey I washed the kids. This scent is a very warm toffee caramel scent ,this bath bomb also contains a good helping of Brazilian orange oil which adds a slight hint of orange to the scent. I personally find this scent to be a sweet, warming and musky mixture of scents.
Once popped in the water this bath bomb does fizz very quickly, as it fizzes away it turns the water a very lovely blue colour and released its beautiful sweet caramel scent. I found this to be a very uplifting scent and found that the scent was strong enough to last the entire bath although I only actually use a third of the bath bomb.
Overall I really enjoyed this product, I love how fun and quirky its design and concept are and I adore the scent. I may not be stocking up on lots of these, but I really did enjoy treating my self to one.
Ingredients – Sodium Bicarbonate, Citric Acid, Titanium Dioxide, Brazilian Orange Oil, Bergamot Oil, Water, Limonene, Linalool, Lilial, Citronellol, Perfume, Cornstarch, Colour 42090, Colour 47005, Colour 14700.


Is atheism necessary for religion? Rabbi Zusya would say yes.
Truth regardless of consequences	Religion is the most powerful tool known to mankind. It is capable of inspiring the artistic wonders of the Italian Renaissance and the reliefs of Michelangelo, and it is capable of inspiring 19 young men to fly airplanes into buildings. It can lend mankind a vision of a perfect world in which "the wolf lies down with the lamb" and it can impart to the world a vision of people needing to be burned at the stake as infidels.
Without intelligent and earnest critics of faith, the heavenly vision of religion can easily spill over into the hell on earth. Hence, the necessity of atheism and agnosticism. I would argue that religion learns more about itself from its critics than it does from its admirers.
I have debated many atheists in my time, from Richard Dawkins to Daniel Dennett to Sam Harris to Christopher Hitchens. Of them all, Hitchens stands alone. He has by far been the most formidable and the most interesting opponent, the one I have most loved and the one that has most gotten under my skin. Religious people have no real interest in Dawkins, whom they find extreme, clinical, mechanical, and monolithic. But Hitchens is passionate, utterly unpredictable, contrarian, and fluent. And while at times he has been, in my opinion, highly unfair in his criticism of religion, he redeems it all by being all too human. It is his most likable quality. He is also supremely entertaining.
I believe this is the reason that my debate with Hitchens on Sept. 16 in New York City at the Cooper Union on "Is there an afterlife?" has generated considerable interest, particularly among religious people. The news that Hitchens has esophageal cancer and may be terminally ill has evoked sadness all around, particularly among the faithful. When I told my friends at the excellent Baron Herzog vineyards in California that Hitchens was ill, we all immediately decided to send him fine bottles of kosher wine so he and his friends could toast l'chaim, to life, for his recovery. Religious prayer groups for Hitchens' healing have sprung up all over America.
Are the faithful praying for Hitchens' recovery because they want to have enough time to convert him and win a great victory? Is it because they want a miracle in Hitchens' life to open his eyes to God's presence? I cannot say. I can only speak for myself.
I have no interest in converting Christopher Hitchens to religion. His atheism has not stopped him from being a singular champion of human rights throughout the world, and he can teach us religious people a thing or two about courageously standing up to tyrants. I am not so naïve as to believe for a moment that Hitchens would be so intellectually dishonest as to suddenly change his antipathy toward religion because of the possibility of impending death. Only a coward would forsake his personal truth out of fear of death, and one thing Hitchens certainly is not is a coward. I am not a believer in religion-in-the-foxholes and deathbed conversions. Religion is too important to be embraced out of fear or trepidation.
Rather, what I intend with our debate is to finally dismiss this notion that religious people invented the idea of an afterlife out of a sense of weakness and insecurity. We've heard it all before. Religion is the opiate of the masses. It's a drug that weak-minded people take to help them deal with the meaninglessness of life. They invented the afterlife because they couldn't accept the finality of death. Then they invented God to give purpose and design to a fundamentally chaotic and unjust world.
The afterlife in Judaism is none of these things. It is not an escape from the flaws of this world or a reward for the suffering endured here. Any religion that promises an eternal reward for living righteously is better characterized as a business promoting celestial remuneration. Worship God so that he'll pay you in the hereafter. Judaism certainly demands that we do the right thing because it's right, and never for the consideration of any external reward.
Most Jewish sages understand the world to come as the world the way it will be when it reaches a state of perfection through human endeavor and God's finishing touches – what we call the messianic era. Judaism's focus is not on the heavens but on the earth, not on a disembodied existence in the sky but on souls animating bodies and doing good deeds here on earth. Our ground zero is not God's celestial throne but the earth's sacred spaces.
I have no intention of converting Hitchens to my religious point of view and do not believe I could do so even if I wished.
But I can convince Hitchens that his ideas about religious people are wrong: that we are strong rather than weak, focused on this life rather than the next, dedicated to healing the world rather than gaining entry into the heavens, fundamentally opposed to fundamentalists, extremely suspicious of any kind of extremists, and open to ideas – and criticism – from every quarter.
And that's what Rabbi Zusya was trying to demonstrate in his story. Religious people learn how to serve God and humankind better from all they meet.


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Researchers call for plan to keep ICU patients from ending up back in hospital
British Columbia needs to act now to ensure people released from intensive care after COVID-19 treatment don't end up back in hospital beds within months, according to a University of British Columbia researcher. Dr.
Moira Wyton Nov 21, 2020 4:00 PM
A patient in the COVID-19 intensive care unit at St. Paul's Hospital, April 2020. The pandemic is 'magnifying' a gap in post-ICU care in BC, say researchers.Jonathan Hayward, the Canadian Press
British Columbia needs to act now to ensure people released from intensive care after COVID-19 treatment don't end up back in hospital beds within months, according to a University of British Columbia researcher.
Dr. Fuchsia Howard, an assistant professor at the UBC School of Nursing, said the province needs to increase resources for post-intensive career recovery for all patients who experience serious illnesses.
About 80 per cent of intensive care unit patients survive. But at least half of those develop symptoms of post-intensive care syndrome regardless of their age or prior health.
The syndrome is a "constellation" of effects that can range from worsening mental health and depression to physical weakness and frailty, and can include cognitive difficulties like poorer memory, attention and mental processing speed.
And within a year, approximately half of all patients with the syndrome are re-hospitalized.
Research over the last decade has brought increased awareness of the negative health effects patients experience after leaving the ICU.
As COVID-19 hospitalizations reach record levels and keep growing in B.C., researchers are urging the province to invest in community care resources to improve patient outcomes and avoid a secondary wave of critical care readmissions.
"If we have patients who develop PICS, including COVID-19 survivors, and who aren't getting care they need in their community, and they're being sent back to hospital, it's a greater burden on them and on the system," said Howard. "We're vulnerable to that."
"Survival is just one indicator," she added. "But I think we also need to think about other outcomes — having quality of life, being able to engage in activities that bring people meaning, going back to work, and being able to see people they love."
In B.C., 1,151 people have been hospitalized due to COVID-19, about six per cent of the total number of cases reported up until Nov. 7. Earlier this month, the province said about 375 hospital beds remained open for COVID-19 patients.
And while 98 per cent of British Columbians infected with the virus survive, many face serious, lasting effects from the virus and their hospitalizations.
This has meant health-care workers consider ways to keep patients healthy during their care, like encouraging them to move as much as possible during their care or reducing ventilator use.
"Being sedentary is really hard on the body," said Howard, noting that people lose two to five per cent of their muscle mass every day they spend laying down. "You can imagine that those [physical symptoms], when coupled with all they've gone through, makes them very vulnerable to anxiety, depression and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder."
COVID-19 patients could also face stigma around having had the virus that contributes to challenges in seeking support or connection after leaving the hospital, Howard says.
Howard and Dr. Greg Haljan, a clinical associate professor in the UBC faculty of medicine, are beginning a study to determine the long-term care challenges and support needed for recovering critical illness patients in B.C.
"In part the pandemic has refocused resources towards care on survival and on acute care," said Howard. "Having said that, it is also magnifying this pre-existing gap for post-ICU care."
Many patients who experience post-intensive care syndrome require follow-up physiotherapy and rehabilitation and mental health support.
But it can be burdensome to find, book and travel to appointments when someone is frail, and can increase stress and isolation for them and their family caregivers.
The uptake in virtual health appointments may be easing this, Howard said, but it has not eliminated the issue for patients.
"We know that they're suffering in the community, that they're lost in transition from the hospital to community care," she said.
In an initial pre-pandemic stage of the research, funded through the Canadian Institute for Health Research, Howard said PICS patients were mostly just glad to have their challenges acknowledged.
Once the pandemic struck, researchers noticed how some early recovering COVID-19 patients found it difficult to go for a walk or spend time with family for fear of passing on the virus — even weeks or months after they were contagious.
"People were scared, and they were also feeling stigmatized," Howard said.
Howard and Haljan are in the process of designing a research plan to find out how and why critical care patients with and without COVID-19 are readmitted to the hospital in order to recommend changes the province and health authorities could make.
Howard hopes the public attention brought to recovering COVID-19 patients will lead to more robust resources for all former ICU patients, both for their own good and the sake of the health-care system.
That could include a dedicated follow-up clinic and better co-ordination between the hospital and community care after discharge.
"I would like our health-care system to shift to focus not just on survival, but really thriving and meaningful life afterwards," said Howard.
Moira Wyton is a Local Journalism Initiative Reporter with The Tyee


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Mercury racing 60R powers a dream catcher
Captain Steven Lamp of Dream Catcher Charters in Key West, Florida, is a fishing guide with a penchant for fast boats, which makes him an ideal consultant for Mercury Racing. Capt. Lamp's charter operation is currently running 11 boats, from a 17-foot Beavertail Skiff to a 47-foot Viking convertible. It's the diminutive Beavertail Skiff 17 Elite that has had Lamp's attention recently, as he's just finished rigging this technical flats skiff with the new Mercury Racing 60R outboard.
Powering a boat like the 17-foot 8-inch Beavertail Skiff 17 Elite is exactly the mission the Mercury Racing 60R was designed to accomplish. Designed specifically to be poled into the shallows where bonefish and permit lurk, the Elite 17 features a carbon/Kevlar layup which helps reduce its gross hull weight to just 600 pounds. Lamp says the boat weighs about 900 pounds ready to fish.
"In this type of boat, and for this type of flats fishing, engine weight is critical. I had been running this Beavertail with a 20-inch Mercury 90 FourStroke outboard," said Lamp. "The new Mercury Racing 60R weighs 91 pounds less than the 90 FourStroke. Losing that weight gives me about two more inches of draft. I can now float in just seven inches of water with two people in the boat, and I'm a pretty big guy myself. The big surprise is that, despite giving up 30 horsepower, I only lost 3 miles per hour in top speed."
The only outboard in its class with a 15-inch midsection, the Mercury Racing 60R fits perfectly on the transom of a compact performance skiff like the Elite 17.
"This 15-inch motor is scaled to the boat," said Lamp. "Because the powerhead is lower on the boat the entire center of gravity is lowered, so the boat feels less tippy when I'm on the poling platform, and I can use a lower platform. The boat also handles better when we are running at speed.
"The balance of the boat is critical," explains Lamp. "For efficient poling on the flats, I want the boat to rest level in the water. With the 90 FourStroke on the transom I had to put 140 pounds of lead ballast in the bow to level the boat. Now I can leave the ballast at home, which is another reason we've gained draft. Now I can let my client bring more than one sandwich for lunch!"
The 60R outboard features a four-cylinder, 1.0-liter long-stroke powerhead tuned for torque by Mercury Racing. A single overhead camshaft cylinder head keeps the powerhead as light and slim as possible for less intrusion on the transom. A powerful 18-amp alternator is designed to maintain battery charge on boats equipped with angling electronics and baitwell pumps. The Mercury Racing 60R offers the added benefit of a 4.25-inch diameter, high-thrust gearcase with a 2.33:1 gear ratio to handle up to 20 percent more prop-blade area than a standard gearcase. That blade area and the shape of the gearcase provide added lift aft to boost hole-shot performance and provide confident handling at speed.
"I don't fish tournaments, and for this boat top speed is not that critical because the boat runs wet, with a waterline that's about 85 percent of its length," said Lamp. "That's a lot of drag for a 60-horsepower outboard. We tried several props and settled on the 14-pitch Mercury Vengeance, which works well without requiring a lot of trim."
To extend range the Mercury Racing 60R is equipped with computer-controlled electronic fuel injection (EFI) programmed to deliver outstanding fuel economy at cruising speed on 87-octane fuel. Its ability to run a larger propeller also enhances cruising-speed range. Lamp has realized a significant improvement in fuel economy with the Mercury Racing 60R.
"I cruise at about 30 mph, and with the 90 FourStroke I was getting 6 to 7 miles per gallon at that speed," said Lamp. "With the 60R I'm getting 9 miles per gallon, which gives me more range, or I can run a very light load of fuel and take two clients to a near-by destination."
Take it from a pro, who makes his living on skinny water: The Mercury Racing 60R a brilliant performance solution for technical flats skiffs


A ring of sites related to tracking both animals and humans. Search and Rescue (SAR) tracking and animal tracking sites are included. If you want information on tracking, these are the sites to look at.
Animal tracks and signs of north American animals. Includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects. Search and rescue tracking is covered. Scats and other signs are included. Offers free downloadable track guides.


I didn't think I wanted this house at first. Of course, I thought it was gorgeous on the outside but honestly, the inside needs work. The kind of work that I think needs to be tended to before we move my furniture in. We're talking about some god awful, gray, office-style carpeting covering the hardwood floors on the first floor and stairs. And don't even get me started on the wood paneling in two of the (four!) bedrooms that is screaming to be removed. Plus, it desperatley needs paint on the GLARING WHITE WALLS in every room. Painting was something I would have done anyway in whatever house we got but oh, the floors. It was really hard for me to get past the grayish, gray-like, grayness of that carpeting and I needed a little help at first to imagine it far far away from there.
Some of the great things about the house? Finished. Attic. Can you say playroom? I can hardly get over the idea of living in a three-story house. There is also some beautiful original woodwork in the dining room in the form of a built-in china cabinet, pocket doors and rails along the walls that could be used for displaying photographs and such. And you guys saw the front porch in the photo so I don't have to rave about it here. There's a balcony off the back too and a backyard that is screaming for a hot tub. The main bathroom has some horrid linoleum but that can be changed and the kithen has been updated- the one thing I was NOT going to be concerned about while house hunting. Funny how things work out.
So that's what the actual looks like for the most part. I'd post a bunch of pictures but my photographer- ahem, Jason- was so excited that he forgot to take many interior pictures. I have tons of photos of the houses we DIDN'T fall for but what good is that, right? I'm finding myself getting more and more excited at the idea of a mini-renovation project. It will be messy and inconvenient for a while but I'm starting to see images in my mind of the finished project and it makes me excited.
It looks like this week we are putting our house up for sale. We are hoping to make an offer on this house contingent on the sale of our Bartlett house and pending an inspection. These two things are keeping me from fully bursting forth and doing the Snoopy dance all around the neighborhood. First, I don't know if our house will be able to sell in just a couple of weeks or not. Second, the house I want was built in 1903 so an inspection could turn up any number of ghosts. I don't want to get my heart completely set and then find out the entire house needs new plumbing, electrical wiring, or that the roof is falling off.
That being said, I'm still excited. Just cautiously so. I'd be lying if I said I didn't already have tentative paint colors picked out for all the rooms and spots for all our furniture.
Wow!!! Good luck, good luck, good luck. I can't even begin to imagine purchasing a home right now so I'll live vicariously through your blog.


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Q: Code Igniter : base_url() at CSS file doesn't work base_url() doesn't work at CSS file...
here's my php :
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?=base_url()?>css/style.css"/>
<body>
</body>

here's my css/style.css :
body {
  background:#356aa0 url(<?=base_url()?>img/background.png) repeat-x;
  color:#fff;
}

the text color change to white, but the image doesn't show up...
if i use url(../img/background.png), it show up...
but when i open url localhost/project/index.php/control/function/var1/var2, it doesn't show up...
It's Solved, Thanks every one... :]
i make php file at view folder like this :
<?php header("content-type: text/css"); ?>

body {
    background:url(<?=base_url()?>img/background.png);
}

and i load the php file i just make with function at controller, and then i link it :
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="<?=base_url()?>control/style.php"/>

It's work, Thanks guys...

A: You should do it like this
Structure of your files
myapp/
    application/
    system/
    css/
    img/

And in css write this
body {
  background:#356aa0 url(../img/background.png) repeat-x;
  color:#fff;
}

And now call it
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?=base_url()?>css/style.css"/>

That is the standard way of doing it. Also your css is not dynamic so you dont have to worry about php code using in it. The structure i presented in the answer will surely use the styles correctly and load the images.

A: CSS file does not get parse as PHP file. If you really want to do something like that, rename your file as styles.php
OPEN the page and add
header("content-type: text/css");

This tells the page to be treated as a text based CSS file. Then you can simple echo your remaining CSS like
echo "
body {
....
....
";

To fix the base_url() not being accessible from styles.php set a session variable to keep that. You can keep this on your index.php of codeignitor.
$_SESSION['base_url'] = base_url();

Now, use this inside styles.php.
background: url("<?php echo $_SESSION['base_url']; ?>"/../../some.jpg");

A: Get your base_url() out of the CSS file. That would fix the problem. You can't put PHP code in a CSS file.

A: You don't need to make php file as css. Simply put your images file out of "application" folder, e.g on assets/img. Then edit your css file
.error {
  color: #D8000C;
  background-color: #FFBABA;
  background-image: url('../img/error.png');
  background-size: 20px 20px;
}

call the css file using
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="<?php echo base_url(); ?>assets/css/style.css" media="all">

It will absolutely works dude!.

A: if your folder structure is:
YourAppFolder/
    application/
           public/
               css/
               img/
         system/

Then use this in your view:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?=base_url()?>public/css/style.css"/>

and in css use this for image:
background:#356aa0 url(../img/background.png) repeat-x;

A: Try this..
Replace this:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?=base_url()?>css/style.css"/>
<body>
</body>

With this:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<?php base_url(CSS/style.css)?>"/>
<body>
</body>

Also replace the following in css/style.css :
body {
  background:#356aa0 url(<?=base_url()?>img/background.png) repeat-x;
  color:#fff;
}

With this:
body {
  background:#356aa0 url(../img/background.png) repeat-x;
  color:#fff;
}

NB: if it doesn't work, try use one dot(.) -> ./img/background.png
Assuming your file structure is like this:
-ci
--application
--CSS
---file.css
--img
---background.png
--system
.
.
.

and your base_url() : " http://localhost/sitename/ "

A: or you can write ...
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<? echo base_url('your css file from base url') ?>/>

this is your external css file
    body {
  background:url(<? echo base_url('your image path from base url')?>) repeat-x;
  color:#fff;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Metallica Announce New 'S&M2′-Enhanced Batch of BLACKENED Whiskey
Kevork Djansezian, Getty Images / Blackened Whiskey
Metallica and Master Distiller Dave Pickerell have collaborated on whiskey before, and if you haven't had the chance to try it yet, now is the time. Introducing, the new S&M2 limited-edition batch of BLACKENED® whiskey.
The new expression by Sweet Amber Distilling Co., Batch 106, was sonically enhanced by the band's S&M2 live album, which was recorded over two nights in September of 2019 when they performed with the San Francisco Symphony at the Chase Center. Packed in a new, limited-edition gift box that was designed by the artist Squindo, Batch 106 can be purchased both in stores and online.
The Black Noise™ sonic enhancement process has been used since Metallica's very first BLACKENED whiskey batch that was released back in 2018. During the process, the sound waves extract more flavor from the wood of the whiskey barrels.
"The first S&M shows in 1999 were such a pivotal part of Metallica's evolution. We knew we had to mark their 20th anniversary on an even bigger scale, but without sacrificing any of the intimacy of those shows," guitarist Kirk Hammett said. "The reaction has been incredible, to the shows and the album, and we're thrilled to be able to bring those same S&M2 vibes to BLACKENED."
Additionally, each buyer will receive the opportunity to enter a contest to win a T-shirt that features the artwork that was created for the whiskey. The contest kicks off Oct. 14 and will run through Nov. 14. Multiple winners will be chosen.
Order your limited-edition Batch 106 BLACKENED whiskey from Caskers' or on blackenedwhiskey.com, where you can also enter the T-shirt contest. Listen to the exact playlist that enhanced this new batch of whiskey below.
Metallica S&M2 BLACKENED Whiskey Playlist
Metallica: A Photo Timeline of Their Remarkable Career
Source: Metallica Announce New 'S&M2′-Enhanced Batch of BLACKENED Whiskey
Filed Under: metallica


Is Verizon Rewards+ Another Worthless Verizon Rewards Program?
When I got an email about Verizon My Rewards+ program, I was confused. I was already signed up for their Verizon Smart Rewards program, which in my opinion is pretty worthless. Then I realized it's a NEW rewards program, specifically for High Speed Internet (HSI) and FiOS Internet/TV customers and started exploring it.
At first glance, Verizon My Rewards+ actually might be worthwhile. Points are earned by making use of a variety of Verizon home services and it doesn't appear that you're having to share any additional personal information unlike Verizon Smart Rewards.
Points can be redeemed for various gift cards or sweepstakes entries. And they're within reach, redemptions start at a reasonable 1,000 points for a $10 gift card. Merchants include Starbucks, Amazon, Target, and even a prepaid Visa card.
Even better, by spending a half hour (granted probably not the most lucrative use of my time) over the weekend I was able to hit the 1,000 point mark.
After that I think it will be slightly slower going earning points since I'm not planning on adding any premium channels and rarely pay for shows on demand but next time I order a UFC I will be getting essentially a $2 rebate (200 points).


text:
TULSA AREA IRIS SOCIETY
About TAIS
Officers for 2022 - 2023
President - Jim Palmer
Vice President - Roger Wherley
Treasurer - Wendy Palmer
Secretary - Melinda McLane
History of TAIS
The Tulsa Area Iris Society was founded on April 25, 1962 in the home of Mr. & Mrs. J. B. McConnell. Early members of the organization included Nettie B. Kennedy, Alva & Rilla Hickerson, C. J. & Kitty Lack, Eleanor Hill, Dr. M.L. Saddoris, and Lillian Williams. Below are a few significant milestones in the society's history.
Rilla Hickerson was appointed the club's first show chair in 1962
The display garden in Woodward Park was established in 1974. It was to be planted with W.R. Dykes Memorial Medal winners and newer varieties from TAIS member's gardens. It was 8' x 130' with additional space for future expansion if required. TAIS members still maintain the original space, and well as a significantly larger bed to the east.
In 1973, membership hovered near 50. By 1980, there were 116 members, and the membership peaked at around 150 in 1983. By 1998, membership had decreased to 91, and today we maintain an active membership of around 45 members.
Dues were set at $1.00 per year in 1975, and managed to stay at this level until 2007 when they increased to $10.00 per year.
The American Iris Society held the 1980 national convention in Tulsa. Tour gardens included Philbrook Gardens, Cleo Cox, Jaymie Heathcock, Nettie B. Kennedy, C.J. & Kitty Lack, Virginia Matthews, Pearl McLane, Ron Mullin, and Burdella Rhodes.
In 1988, the TAIS Board approved the proposal to invite out of state speakers to give programs. Until this point, speakers were generally TAIS members.
In 1991, TAIS began hosting an annual Judging School, a tradition that continues to this day.
One of the most attended meetings was on March 11, 1993. David Schreiner from Schreiner's Iris Gardens presented the program with over 150 in attendance.
TAIS member Nancy Harkin won a contest to design the John C. Wister medal. This medal is awarded by the American Iris Society to three Tall Bearded iris per year.
Past Presidents of TAIS
1962 – Charles Dix
1963 – Mrs. C.A. Wilde
1963-64 – Nettie B. Kennedy
1966-67 – Mrs. Howard Dolph
1967-69 – Velma McConnell
1969-70 – Mrs. Tom Mitchell
1970-72 – Dr. M.L. Saddoris
1972-74 – Dorothy Howard
1974-75 – Larry Stayer
1975-77 – Burdella Rhodes
1977-79 – Jaymie Heathcock
1979-81 – Dorothy Light
1981-83 – Virginia Matthews
1985-87 – Paul Gossett
1987-89 – Melinda Robbins
1991-93 – Betsy Mahtani
1993-95 – Ron Mullin
1995-96 – Pat Tanton
1999-01 – Peggy Meekins
2001-03 – Phil Stonecipher
2005-07 – Mike Blake
2007-09 – Joshua Winzer
2014-16 - Paul Gossett
2016-18 - Joshua Winzer
2019-21 - Betsy Mahtani
2021 - Present - Jim Palmer


We are a collaborative network of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations in South and Southeast Asia.
We work with forest-based communities to strengthen their capacity in sustainable management of natural resources. For centuries, forest-based communities in the region have harvested a wide range of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) both for subsistence use and as a source of income.
NTFPs are defined as "all biological materials, other than timber, which are extracted from forests for human use." These include rattan and other materials for craft making, forest fruits, resins, gums, medicinal plants and honey. Working with communities towards an optimal use and management of NTFP resources, not only supports basic livelihoods, but also can provide a strong incentive for involvement in forest conservation.
Recognizing the potential benefits of sharing experiences and pooling expertise, in 1998 we started an informal group of practitioners working in local initiatives in Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Vietnam and the Philippines. As our partnerships strengthened and initiatives intensified, the group decided to register as a non-profit organisation in September 2003.
Our shared goal is to empower forest-based communities to make use of and manage forest resources in a sustainable manner. To this end, the NTFP-EP catalyses and supports activities that build up and strengthen the capacity of our partner organisations in their work with forest-dependent communities, particularly indigenous peoples. Our partner organizations, while respecting the integrity of cultural traditions, work together with communities in developing and implementing initiatives that meet local needs. We strive to ensure that the benefits of these initiatives are equally enjoyed by young and old and by both men and women.
Who owns the carbon in the trees?