Driving GPIOs pin can be the very first start of every project you may imagine. As other boards, UDOO has this capability. In this tutorial we are going to learn how to manipulate GPIOs from Linux on the i.MX6 side of UDOO.
i.MX6 can handle external pins in many different ways. In default configuration, they can be accessed from user level through the standard Kernel Linux interface.
Some of them can be also configured for specific functionalities provided by i.MX6 architecture, like spi, i2c, i2s, audiomux, pwms output, UARTs and so on.
When a pin is set as a GPIO, it is possible to read its value, change its direction or change output value directly from console. All available GPIOs are managed by the kernel, and it is possible to access them simply by reading or writing value in specific files placed in /sys/class/gpio.
To make your life even simplier, you can find here a super handy printable label for your GPIOs (thanks ralphie79!).
The direction indicates wheter the PIN is listening, in, or ready to send an output.
The value, is just like a state. Where 0 means low, and 1 means high.
It is possible to do the same for values read or written on the pin.
load of the physical pin.
And that's it. But this is really the top of the Iceberg when it comes to interact with pins on UDOO. To do things really seriously, and fully unleash UDOO capabilities, take a look at this tutorial on how to use both i.MX6 and SAM3x, and make them communicate.
Only then, UDOO will really make everything possible.


text:
Artist=Criminal
ByJoCo •September 19, 2005
From Slashdot: joining ranks with the Dave Matthews Band, another group of dangerous rock and rollers have broken the law. A band called Switchfoot has posted instructions on how to bypass the copy protection on their own CD. This is a Sony release, and the copy protection is another SunnComm specialty, easily defeated in any number of ways. Sony of course owns the copyright on the music, so Switchfoot has violated the DMCA by disseminating information on how to pirate someone else's content. It would be hilarious if Sony sued their own band, but I think they're probably just going to get yelled at.
In their post, the band apologizes to their fans and and explains that there's really not much they can do about it. They're right. Much as I wish it were true, music generally does not sell itself. I think we're still in the zone where labels are necessary evils (but, like, really evil evils). The person who figures out why all this internetism still hasn't gotten us to the place where artists can get heard, sold and still make a living without selling their souls to a retarded middleman is going to make a billion dollars.
CuriousMind says
The funniest thing about Switchfoot's post is that the forum on which they posted it is itself hosted by Sony!
Yes, I believe what they have done can be described as "shitting where you eat." Not even monkeys do that...
superjerk says
Regardless of all the hullabaloo and fallout, I still doubt that any of the media is going to bother to point out the fact that switchfoot does, in fact, kinda suck. There's a perverse nobility in selling out...to make a living, to make a difference, to make a billion dollars and buy a giraffe farm. But there's really nothing noble about sounding like everything else on the radio these days. But then, how much can you reasonably expect from a band whose "big break" was playing soundtrack for a Mandy Moore movie....no matter how much they sound like Sting and The Police.
Mythgarr says
So JC - what do you suppose you're going to do when somebody wises up and decides to slashdot your site? =)
I've never heard Switchfoot, so I can neither confirm nor deny their suckage (also, I don't want to spoil the chance that someday they might invite me to visit their giraffe farm).
Mythgarr: I am not afraid (though Hostbaby might be). Bring it!
jp3z says
Switchfoot is quite generic; perhaps they're purposely trying to generate some contreversy to make themselves stand out? If so, that's quite a clever tactic...
Andrew T. Coleman says
Don't bring The Police into this. My favorite band before JoCo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Zhenxing Zhang
Water Supply Hydrologist, Illinois State Water Survey
Emailzhang538@illinois.edu
A water-electricity nexus model to analyze thermoelectricity supply reliability under environmental regulations and economic penalties during drought events
Mu, M., Zhang, Z., Cai, X. & Tang, Q., Jan 2020, In : Environmental Modelling and Software. 123, 104514.
Thermoelectricity
Manta ray foraging optimization: An effective bio-inspired optimizer for engineering applications
Zhao, W., Zhang, Z. & Wang, L., Jan 2020, In : Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 87, 103300.
A novel atom search optimization for dispersion coefficient estimation in groundwater
Zhao, W., Wang, L. & Zhang, Z., 2019, In : Future Generation Computer Systems. 91, p. 601-610 10 p.
Global optimization
Lennard-Jones potential
Artificial ecosystem-based optimization: a novel nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm
Zhao, W., Wang, L. & Zhang, Z., Jan 1 2019, (Accepted/In press) In : Neural Computing and Applications.
Heuristic algorithms
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Flood Events Using HEC-HMS and CMIP5
Bai, Y., Zhang, Z. & Zhao, W., Jun 1 2019, In : Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 230, 6, 119.
Assess river embankment impact on hydrologic alterations and floodplain vegetation
Huang, X., Liu, J., Zhang, Z., Fang, G. & Chen, Y., 2019, In : Ecological Indicators. 97, p. 372-379 8 p.
Atom search optimization and its application to solve a hydrogeologic parameter estimation problem
Zhao, W., Wang, L. & Zhang, Z., Jan 1 2019, In : Knowledge-Based Systems. 163, p. 283-304 22 p.
Parameter estimation
Identify driving forces of MBR applications in China
Li, P., Liu, L., Wu, J., Cheng, R., Shi, L., Zheng, X. & Zhang, Z., 2019, In : Science of the Total Environment. 647, p. 627-638 12 p.
Environmentally Sensitive Area
Intensity and spatial heterogeneity of design rainstorm under nonstationarity and stationarity hypothesis across mainland China
Zeng, Z., Lai, C., Wang, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, Z. & Cheng, X., Nov 1 2019, In : Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 138, 3-4, p. 1795-1808 14 p.
Regional regression models for estimating monthly streamflows
Zhang, Z., Balay, J. W. & Liu, C., Jan 1 2019, (Accepted/In press) In : Science of the Total Environment. 135729.
Supply-Demand-Based Optimization: A Novel Economics-Inspired Algorithm for Global Optimization
Zhao, W., Wang, L. & Zhang, Z., May 23 2019, In : IEEE Access. 7, p. 73182-73206 25 p., 8721125.
Tree-ring-width based streamflow reconstruction based on the random forest algorithm for the source region of the Yangtze River, China
Li, J., Wang, Z., Lai, C. & Zhang, Z., Dec 2019, In : Catena. 183, 104216.
tree ring
Pacific Decadal Oscillation
A comparison of methods for low streamflow estimation from spot measurements
Stagnitta, T. J., Kroll, C. N. & Zhang, Z., 2018, In : Hydrological Processes. 32, 4, p. 480-492 13 p.
baseflow
geological survey
Analysis of impacts of polders on flood processes in Qinhuai River Basin, China, using the HEC-RAS model
Gao, Y., Yuan, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, Z. & Ye, L., 2018, In : Water Science and Technology: Water Supply. 18, 5, p. 1852-1860 9 p.
Multivariate flood risk analysis at a watershed scale considering climatic factors
Gao, Y., Guo, Z., Wang, D., Zhang, Z. & Liu, Y., 2018, In : Water (Switzerland). 10, 12
climatic factors
Posterior assessment of reference gages for water resources management using instantaneous flow measurements
Liu, C., Zhang, Z. & Balay, J. W., 2018, In : Science of the Total Environment. 634, p. 12-19 8 p.
Applications of membrane technology in treating wastewater from the dyeing industry in China: Current status and prospect
Liu, L., Cheng, R., Chen, X., Zheng, X., Shi, L., Cao, D. & Zhang, Z., May 2017, In : Desalination and Water Treatment. 77, p. 366-376 11 p.
The index gage method to develop a flow duration curve from short-term streamflow records
Zhang, Z., Oct 2017, In : Journal of Hydrology. 553, p. 119-129 11 p.
frequency analysis
Assessment of Water Capacity and Availability from Unregulated Stream Flows Based on Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) Environmental Flow Standards
Zhang, Z., Balay, J. W., Bertoldi, K. M. & MaCoy, P. O., Sep 1 2016, In : River Research and Applications. 32, 7, p. 1469-1480 12 p.
Stream flow
Integrating water resources and power generation: The energy-water nexus in Illinois
DeNooyer, T. A., Peschel, J. M., Zhang, Z. & Stillwell, A. S., Jan 15 2016, In : Applied Energy. 162, p. 363-371 9 p.
RO applications in China: History, current status, and driving forces
Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, L., Cheng, R., Shi, L. & Zheng, X., Nov 1 2016, In : Desalination. 397, p. 185-193 9 p.
Public perception and acceptability toward reclaimed water in Tianjin
Gu, Q., Chen, Y., Pody, R., Cheng, R., Zheng, X. & Zhang, Z., Nov 1 2015, In : Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 104, p. 291-299 9 p.
Acceptability
Seawater desalination in China: Retrospect and prospect
Zheng, X., Chen, D., Wang, Q. & Zhang, Z., Apr 15 2014, In : Chemical Engineering Journal. 242, p. 404-413 10 p.
Detection of streamflow change in the susquehanna River Basin
Zhang, Z., Dehoff, A. D., Pody, R. D. & Balay, J. W., Jan 1 2010, In : Water Resources Management. 24, 10, p. 1947-1964 18 p.
Catchments
New approach to identify trend pattern of streamflows
Zhang, Z., Dehoff, A. D. & Pody, R. D., Mar 1 2010, In : Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 15, 3, p. 244-248 5 p., 002003QHE.
Advances in the identification and evaluation of complex environmental systems models
Wagener, T., Reed, P., Van Werkhoven, K., Tang, Y. & Zhang, Z., Jul 2009, In : Journal of Hydroinformatics. 11, 3-4, p. 266-281 16 p.
Identification (control systems)
An optimization method based on scenario analysis for watershed management under uncertainty
Liu, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Dai, Y. & Fan, Y., May 1 2007, In : Environmental Management. 39, 5, p. 678-690 13 p.
Closer look at the baseflow correlation method
Zhang, Z. & Kroll, C., Mar 1 2007, In : Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. 12, 2, p. 190-196 7 p.
Correlation methods
low flow
The baseflow correlation method with multiple gauged sites
Zhang, Z. & Kroll, C., Dec 30 2007, In : Journal of Hydrology. 347, 3-4, p. 371-380 10 p.
An interval fuzzy multiobjective watershed management model for the Lake Qionghai watershed, China
Wang, L., Meng, W., Guo, H., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y. & Fan, Y., Oct 1 2006, In : Water Resources Management. 20, 5, p. 701-721 21 p.
multiobjective programming
ASRWM: An arid/semiarid region water management model
Chen, B., Guo, H. C., Huang, G. H., Maqsood, I., Zhang, N., Wu, S. M. & Zhang, Z. X., Sep 1 2005, In : Engineering Optimization. 37, 6, p. 609-631 23 p.
Arid regions
A grey multi-objective programming approach for sustainable land-use in the Miyun Reservoir Basin, China
Guo, H. C., Zhang, Z. X. & Yu, Y., Feb 17 2004, In : Journal of Environmental Sciences. 16, 1, p. 120-125 6 p.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign data protection policy
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign contact form
Contact Zhenxing Zhang


text:
In electrical and electronic engineering, a current clamp, also known as current probe, is an electrical device with jaws which open to allow clamping around an electrical conductor. This allows measurement of the current in a conductor without the need to make physical contact with it, or to disconnect it for insertion through the probe.

Current clamps are typically used to read the magnitude of alternating current (AC) and, with additional instrumentation, the phase and waveform can also be measured. Some clamp meters can measure currents of 1000 A and more. Hall effect and vane type clamps can also measure direct current (DC).

Types of current clamp

Current transformer
A common form of current clamp comprises a split ring made of ferrite or soft iron. A wire coil is wound round one or both halves, forming one winding of a current transformer. The conductor it is clamped around forms the other winding. Like any transformer this type works only with AC or pulse waveforms, with some examples extending into the megahertz range.

When measuring current, the subject conductor forms the primary winding and the coil forms the secondary.

This type may also be used in reverse, to inject current into the conductor, for example in electromagnetic compatibility susceptibility testing to induce an interference current. Usually, the injection probe is specifically designed for this purpose. In this mode, the coil forms the primary and the test conductor the secondary.

Iron vane
In the iron vane type, the magnetic flux in the core directly affects a moving iron vane, allowing both AC and DC to be measured, and gives a true root mean square (RMS) value for non-sinusoidal AC waveforms. Due to its physical size it is generally limited to power transmission frequencies up to around 100 Hz.

The vane is usually fixed directly to the display mechanism of an analogue (moving pointer) clamp meter.
The calibration of the instrument is clearly non-linear.

Hall effect
The Hall effect type is more sensitive and is able to measure both DC and AC, in some examples up to the kilohertz (thousands of hertz) range. This type was often used with oscilloscopes, and with high-end computerized digital multimeters, however, they are becoming common place for more general use.

Rogowski coil
Resembling a current clamp in appearance and function is the Rogowski coil current sensor. This coreless transformer is used in clamp meters and power monitoring loggers. It has the advantage of better linearity, having no core to saturate, it can be made flexible, and does not require any magnetic or electrical contact at the opening end. The Rogowski coil gives a voltage proportional to the rate of change of current in the primary cable, so more signal processing is needed before the sensed values can be displayed.

Clamp meter

An electrical meter with integral AC current clamp is known as a clamp meter, clamp-on ammeter, tong tester, or colloquially as an amp clamp.

A clamp meter measures the vector sum of the currents flowing in all the conductors passing through the probe, which depends on the phase relationship of the currents. Only one conductor is normally passed through the probe. In particular if the clamp is closed around a two-conductor cable carrying power to equipment, the same current flows down one conductor and up the other; the meter correctly reads a net current of zero. As electrical cables for equipment have both insulated conductors (and possibly an earth wire) bonded together, clamp meters are often used with what is essentially a short extension cord with the two conductors separated, so that the clamp can be placed around only one conductor of this extension.

A relatively recent development is a multi-conductor clamp meter with several sensor coils around the jaws of the clamp.  This could be clamped around standard two- or three-conductor single-phase cables to provide a readout of the current flowing through the load, with no need to separate the conductors. However, the particular sensing mechanism is more prone to erroneous measurement and careful operation is required.

The reading produced by a conductor carrying a very low current can be increased by winding the conductor around the clamp several times; the meter reading divided by the number of turns is the current, with some loss of accuracy due to inductive effects.

Clamp meters are used by electricians, sometimes with the clamp incorporated into a general purpose multimeter.

It is simple to measure very high currents (hundreds of amperes) with the appropriate current transformer. Accurate measurement of low currents (a few milliamperes) with a current transformer clamp is more difficult.  The range of any given meter can be extended by passing the conductor through the jaw multiple times.  For example a 0–200 A meter can be turned into a 0–20 A meter by winding the conductor 10 times around the jaw's core.

Less-expensive clamp meters use a rectifier circuit which actually reads mean current, but is calibrated to display the RMS current corresponding to the measured mean, giving a correct RMS reading only if the current is a sine wave. For other waveforms readings will be incorrect; when these simpler meters are used with non-sinusoidal loads such as the ballasts used with fluorescent lamps or high-intensity discharge lamps or most modern computer and electronic equipment, readings can be quite inaccurate. Meters which respond to true RMS rather than mean current are described as "true RMS".

Typical hand-held Hall effect units can read currents as low as 200 mA, and units that can read down to 1 mA are available.

The Columbia tong test ammeter (illustrated) is an example of the iron vane type, used for measuring large AC currents up to 1000 amperes. The iron jaws of the meter direct the magnetic field surrounding the conductor to an iron vane that is attached to the needle of the meter. The iron vane moves in proportion to the strength of the magnetic field, and thus produces a meter indication proportional to the current. This type of ammeter can measure both AC and DC currents and provides a true RMS current measurement of non-sinusoidal or distorted AC waveforms. Interchangeable meter movements can be installed in the clamping assembly to provide various full-scale current values up to 1000 amperes. The iron vane is in a small cylinder that is inserted in a space at the hinged end of the clamp-on jaws. Several jaw sizes are available for clamping around large conductors and bus bars up to  wide. As the illustration shows, the scale is very non-linear and unsuitable for measuring low currents, with currents of less than half the full-scale deflection crammed into a short section of the dial.

Power meter, energy analyzer
Clamp probes are used with some meters to measure electrical power and energy. The clamp measures the current and other circuitry the voltage; the true power is the product of the instantaneous voltage and current integrated over a cycle. Comprehensive meters designed to measure many parameters of electrical energy (power factor, distortion, instantaneous power as a function of time, phase relationships, etc.), use this principle. A single clamp is used for single-phase measurements; with an appropriate instrument with three clamps, measurements may be made on three-phase power systems.

References

Measuring instruments
Electronic test equipment
Electrical test equipment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dale joined Chambers in June 2015 having previously practised in London and Leeds.
Dale practises exclusively in criminal law and he has developed a reputation as a capable advocate in the Crown Court and Court of Appeal.
Dale both prosecutes and defends and is regularly instructed in cases involving historical sexual offences, serious violence, drug conspiracies and dishonesty.
Dale is a Level 2 Prosecutor. He has also prosecuted extensively in confiscation proceedings and has previous experience of working for HMRC dealing with condemnation and confiscation proceedings.
R v J (2016) - Represented the defence in a case of serious historic sexual abuse. The defendant was acquitted of the most serious offences and the Crown offered no evidence on the rest.
R v A and others (2016) - Defended in multi handed human trafficking case. Dale's client was the first on the indictment and as a result of his cross examination of the two complainants the Crown offered no evidence against his client for human trafficking at the conclusion of the prosecution case.
R v E (2016) - First on the indictment in a multi handed case of serious violence involving an assault with a baseball bat. The Defendant was acquitted after trial.
R v H (2016) - Prosecuted a confiscation case involving the recalculation of the available amount 7 years after the original hearing. The case required complex legal submissions and detailed skeleton arguments. The court made the order for recalculation in full.
R v A (2014) - Prosecuted case involving supply of class A drugs and possession of criminal property. The defendant was convicted after a trial of all counts.


text:
Home Series India tour of England 2021 I Won't Make Any Decisions Or Judgments Right Now: Anderson
India tour of England 2021
WTC 2021-23
I Won't Make Any Decisions Or Judgments Right Now: Anderson
Will James Anderson Play Oval Test
We've got a lot of cricket in front of us: Chris Silverwood
Up to this point, England's experienced bowler James Anderson has had a great series versus India. He has taken 13 wickets in 3 games so far, and he shows no signs of slowing down. However, with only 4 days between the 3rd and 4th Tests, England's greatest Test bowler might be sidelined for the September 2 Oval Test. Lets look at Will James Anderson Play Oval Test
Anderson has appeared in all 3Tests so far, and head coach Chris Silverwood may decide to rest his star bowler. Earlier in the post-match news conference, India captain Virat Kohli suggested that he may try to rest his bowlers in order to manage their workload, which might imply that a few bowlers could be sidelined in the following 2 games.
"What I don't want to do is break them. We've got a lot of cricket in front of us. The Tests are coming thick and fast now. Back-to-back, it is difficult," said England head coach Chris Silverwood.
Also read: Virat Looking To Dominate Is Forcing Him Into Problems: Pathan
In the withdrawal of his pace counterpart Stuart Broad, Anderson has effectively led the assault thus far. In addition, the experienced has delivered 116.3 overs, only 2 overs fewer than debutant Ollie Robinson (116.5).
"These guys are giving everything, every day when we are out on the field and we have got to make sure we are looking after them. But I won't be making any decisions or judgments right now," he added.
Likewise, Anderson had said firmly before the campaign that he intends to play all 5 Tests, even when he was experiencing a minor niggle prior to the second Test at Lord's. And, given his recent form, Silverwood acknowledges it will be difficult to persuade Anderson to take some time away before the last Test at Old Trafford on 10 September.
Following the India series, England will contest the Ashes in Australia beginning in December. With Jofra Archer already ruled out of the five-match series versus Australia, the management does not want Anderson to be exhausted.
James Anderson may miss Oval Test
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Award winning wedding photographer Toni Darcy wins a fearless award.
Award winning wedding photographer – I've got a FEARLESS AWARD!
I'm competitive. There I said it!
I play team sports most nights during the week and I regularly attend Crossfit so yeah I think you could say I'm quite competitive. Don't get me wrong I don't have to win, but of course naturally I really want to.
I joined Fearless about 9-12 months ago, mainly because I really admired so many of the award winning wedding photographer and absolutely loved the winning images. Obviously I hoped one day that I would win one.
HOLY MEATBALLS! I WON A FEARLESS!
I genuinely couldn't believe it! I think I starred at the webpage for 5 minutes checking that was really my image with a Fearless Award stamped to it!
I used to have a massive obsession with Irregular Choice Shoes. Massive. As Katrina announced that she was throwing her bouquet the girls all kicked off their shoes. Bam! Like a magpie I spotted the Irregular Choice beauties that had been kicked off. I dived on the floor and… yeah I kinda laid on the floor for what felt like AGES. I must of looked like a lunatic. I'm pretty sure the guests were thinking why is the photographer on the floor taking pictures of a pair of shoes when the bride is throwing the bouquet.
There was 15,000 photographs entered into collection 28. FIFTEEN THOUSAND, that's loads.
Approximately only 1% of photographs are branded as a Fearless Award.
You only have to look at the other winning images in collection 28 to see the level of creativity and enthusiasm they hold.


This site is created and curated by me, Daniel Cummings. It is for teaching about Physical Astronomy ideas and objects.
Made in Croton-On-Hudson, NY. If you'd like to get in touch, please send a message using the Contact Us link.
Game pixels and ever-brighter and more detailed phone screens push us and our kids further from "regular life" and away from the real, physical world. Here's a science teacher's lament in a recent focus group "Kids don't know how to just be." They are lacking the power to be still, and be curious, and observe.
I founded Star In A Star to improve early astronomy education by anchoring it in the physical world of people, objects, and places.
That "Aha" moment – get it, savor it.
We have all had it – that bright instant (Aha!) when "everything changes" and you see things in a completely new way. This is the experience kids have with great teachers – no matter the subject.
This is why I made Star In A Star – to make these experiences easier to achieve and provide tools for a teacher or a parent or a kid to make those moments repeatable.
Daniel Cummings pointing at Star Spot footprints stenciled onto a sidewalk.
Kids use physical objects to discover layer upon layer of science. They make fun, repeatable examinations of the natural world – just like scientists do. Enriching objects and kinesthetic learning foster a child's curiosity, encouraging deep questions about how the universe moves.
I started a blog in December 2016 to share this new and unique way to learn and teach Astronomy. The concepts and objects that I create are designed to appeal to a wide audience. The articles, images, downloads, and astronomy tools teach about the sky using physical, thought-provoking approaches.
These unique experiences foster insights into how you locate yourself on the Earth, in the solar system, in the galaxy, and beyond.
In August 2018 I launched a line of exclusive science gifts, custom-made astronomy tools and astronomy gifts. Please visit our store to see the Moon Hat, the Star Spot, the Sun Tracker, and the Soft Earth.
All of these tools and gifts are built for science education. They are reminders to be curious. Astronomy observations can bring scientific thinking to everyday life.
These cool astronomy gifts and tools are guaranteed "Aha! Generators"™ and you can view and order them today.
I have a deep and abiding interest in teaching people basic astronomy concepts in a fun way. Before I launched Star In A Star to create Science Education Objects, I invented and ran astronomy outreach programs in the New York Metro area.
I have run programs at the Gustafson Planetarium at the Sharpe Reservation Fresh Air Fund Camp in Fishkill, NY where I have led astronomy education sessions under the historic dome.
In the past, I led outdoor monthly star parties for school and community members in Croton-On-Hudson, NY, Cub Scout and Boy Scout "scale model walks", overnight star viewing events, indoor and outdoor Summer Camp programming like the "Moondance" and "Starry Night North Star Storytelling", installation of a 3D immersive sculpture that shows how Orion's stars are arranged (Orion has an "innie" bellybutton).
I have also run workshops and tutorials on how to use the incredible Stellarium (planetarium software).
In my local community I worked with other STEM educators and the school district to create and brand a new type of Science Fair called "Experience Science." As well, I wrote and received full funding for a Croton-Harmon Educational Fund (CHEF) grant to purchase 2 large, professional telescopes and astrophotography equipment for the district.
I approach Astronomy Education in a unique way designed to engage kids (and their adults). I call it "Physical Astronomy." Every product here is born from this core idea.
Yes, you will learn the science of Astronomy, but by using these objects and ideas you will also begin to understand it comprehensively with your body. And where the body understands, the mind follows.
Learn about space and to feel how you fit in it.
Learn ways to begin to know your position on Earth and feel it moving.
You will learn how to conjure a feeling of standing on a globe that is traveling widely and yearly through space, in orbit, around a star.
You will learn to use the moon to orient yourself to the sun.
You will travel around constellations and see the stars in 3D.
You will be able to "see" the Milky Way even when it is behind the Sun.
You will finally really understand what a Light Year is.
Please call or send a message!


text:
battlement, and four small crocketed pinnacles, corner buttresses, but no west door, belfry window of two lights, with other small apertures in the lower part.23 There is a south porch at the east end of the south aisle, an odd window of four lights, which has something of a Middle Pointed character. Several windows of the nave are Third Pointed of two lights, that at the east end is of three lights, another on the south is square-headed, of four lights and Elizabethan. The roofs are low and flat, especially in the chancel, and there is no clerestory. The nave is divided from each aisle by four pointed arches, with octagonal columns. The eastern arch on the north being wider than the others and very obtuse. The chancel has three wide pointed arches (lower than those of the nave) with like piers on each side, the last on each side being obtuse. The chancel arch is pointed. There is a vestry on the north. The pewing bears the date 1639. There is a west gallery with an organ. The roofs are flat but open. The font is cased in wood and has a high Jacobean wood cover, as at Skipton. This church is built of a dark granite-like stone. [Partially restored in 1868.-ED.]
ALL SAINTS, HESSLE (E. R.).
July 31, 1848.-This church is Third Pointed in its external character, but has earlier portions within. The plan comprises a nave and chancel, each with aisles, an engaged west tower surmounted by a stone spire, north and south porches. In the north aisle are two Middle Pointed windows with flowing tracery. The clerestory of the nave is embattled and embellished with pinnacles. The north aisle has a moulded parapet. The south aisle of the nave is partly of brick, and has a patched appearance. The south aisle of the chancel is wider and embattled. The north aisle of the chancel has two tiers of late windows, and seems to have been once divided into two stories by a floor.25 The north side is generally of fine stone. The north porch has a cross on the pediment, within it is a First Pointed doorway of two orders. The south porch has a Third
23 In the steeple is a vaulted chamber. 24 The upper part seems cut off by the roof.
25 The two Middle Pointed windows
have hoods, one with ccrbels representing a king and a bishop; the other representing monstrous heads with gaping mouths.
Pointed outer doorway with panelled capitals but no shafts. Within it is a fine First Pointed doorway with four orders of mouldings and shafts with moulded capitals. This porch has stone seats. The windows of the aisles and clerestory are almost all of three lights, and rather common Third Pointed character. The east window of the chancel has five lights. The steeple is rather elegant in its general effect, and entirely of Third Pointed character. It has two long stages, a battlement and four pinnacles. The spire is octagonal and of fair proportions, with two tiers of canopied niches. The belfry window is long and large, of three lights with transom. On the west side is a good three-light window and a doorway rather depressed. On the north side of the tower is also a three-light window. The tower arch is open to the nave, and without shafts. The organ being disposed in two parts so as to show the west window, which has been filled with fair modern stained glass. The nave has on each side a First Pointed arcade of three arches, with circular columns, the southern arches having better mouldings than the northern. The capitals of the columns are quite hidden by the galleries. The clerestory windows are set closely in pairs, and much resemble those of Trinity, Hull. The roof of the nave has fair pierced tracery above the beams. The aisles are narrow. The chancel is lower than the nave.
The chancel arch has a First Pointed appearance, with square imposts and no shafts. The chancel has an arcade of two pointed arches on each side. On the south there is a clustered pier of four shafts, apparently Middle Pointed. On the north the pier is octagonal and probably later. There is a low pointed arch between the south aisle of the nave and that of the chancel. The east end of the south aisle forms a vestry and has square-headed windows. The east window contains modern stained glass. The altar picture represents the Last Supper. The font is a very ordinary one. The bowl octagonal, diminishing, on a stem of like form. The churchyard is kept neat. The chancel is leaded, without a parapet.
ST. ANDREW, Ferry FRYSTON (W. R.). June 29, 1849.—A small church, not prepossessing in appearance, consisting of a nave and chancel. A north aisle beginning from the east and extending along part of the
nave, and a small tower engaged at the west end. The western part of the nave has some First Pointed features, but all the rest is of late and almost debased Third Pointed character. Within a debased porch on the south is a First Pointed doorway, the hood having toothed ornament, the inner member springing from capitals of shafts now gone. Near this door is a First Pointed lancet, and there is another at the west end. The tower is embattled, and has a squareheaded belfry window. The other windows are all late and square-headed. The nave has an arcade of two pointed arches of some width, with an octagonal pier. In the pier next the chancel arch is a pointed doorway. The chancel has also two arches with octagonal pier, lower than those of of the nave. There is a plain pointed piscina on the south side of the chancel, and one of the south windows of the chancel is set low in the wall. [Restored in 1878.- ED.]
INGLETON (W. R.). August 18, 1846.—This church is entitled to very little notice, except for its fine Norman font. The body seems to have been rebuilt in the 17th century, with vile square windows. The roof covers both nave and aisles, and there is a clumsy arcade of four round ugly arches with coarse circular columns. In the eastern pier by the altar is a square opening. The seats are mostly open benches of the 17th century. The tower is a very ordinary Third Pointed one, with angular buttresses, battlement, and four crocketed pinnacles. On the west side a door, and a threc-light window, and the belfry window is of two lights. The font is a fine Norman one, of cylindrical form, surrounded by intersecting arches which contain figures. The situation is romantic, on a steep bank overhanging an impetuous stream. [This church was rebuilt in 1887.-Ev.]
St. John Bartist, KIRKHEATON (W. R.). Jan. 18, 1854.—This church, the head of a populous parish, is itself in a pleasant and almost rural site, within a large churchyard, commanding fine views over hill and dale, enlivened with mills and numerous dwellings, all of stone. It is now a shapeless, spoiled building. Originally there was a nave and chancel, each with north aisle and western tower.
The chancel with its north aisle or chapel are comparatively untouched, as is also the tower, but the nave has been entirely rebuilt in utter disregard of propriety, the arcade destroyed and the walls heightened, so that the tower looks almost buried and not belonging to the body.26 The new walls were built in 1823, with two tiers of ugly windows. There is a fair north door still remaining, with good mouldings, and part of this side of the nave is still original in the lower part. The interior of the nave is exactly like a coniventicle, with galleries, pews, and huge pulpit. The tower arch is pointed on octagonal piers ; and part of a circular pillar, which may be original and early, remains under the gallery. The chancel arch is gone, but the octagonal shafts still appear. The north chapel is divided from the chancel by a good deal of dead wall, in which is only one pointed arch springing straight from the wall. The east window of the chancel is late, of five lights, rather debased. In the chapel is one Decorated window of three lights with flowing tracery, and at the east end a late square-headed one of three lights. In this chapel are some monuments and funeral banners. The altar neatly panelled. The chancel has plain stalls
. An organ in west gallery. [This church was burned down in 1886, and rebuilt and re-opened in 1888.—Ed.]
St. Nicholas, KAYINGHAM (E. R.). This church has a western tower with a stone spire, a nave, side aisles and south porch, and chancel with vestry on the south side.27 The prevailing features are Perpendicular, the tower is plain, without a west door, and the windows single. The spire heavy, squared at the base in the broach form and having three tiers of small windows. The clerestory and the chancel are brick, but the vestry is of stone and also the porch. The windows are mostly square-headed and late € except in the north aisle, where they are of three lights and pointed of better masonry. One window is of two lights without foils, perhaps early, in north of the chancel. The
* The tower is Late Perpendicular and now looks most unbappy, standing against the lofty sprawling roof of the nave. It is enibattled, with four small crocketed pinnacles and cornice buttresses. Belfry windows of two lights and a west
window of three. The font modern. The north wall of the chapel covered with ivy, and the two eastern gables surmounted by crosses.
21 In the porch over the door is a square contaiuing a quatrefoil.
nave is divided from each aisle by four pointed arches, the piers are clustered of four shafts with rather good moulded capitals. There is a clerestory to the chancel as well as the nave, and some appearance of an aisle now destroyed on the south of the chancel. The east window has been restored, and is of five lights, with questionable tracery devoid of foils. On the south of the altar is a plain trefoil niche with piscina. The vestry has a very good window with fine mouldings, apparently of Decorated character, and well finished buttresses and gurgoyles. The font is a circular bowl moulded with plain lancet arches, on a cylinder all painted yellow and white, apparently Early English.
St. WILFRID, OTTRINGHAM (E. R.). This church has a west tower with stone spire, a nare, side aisles, small south transept, and chancel. The steeple appears to be Decorated, the tower is divided by string courses into five divisions. The west window of three lights and Decorated. The belfry windows small. There is no battlement. The spire is octagonal, but at its base on alter
. nate faces are wedges, but not occupying the whole square of the tower. The steeple and the clerestory are of fine stone, the rest of the walls of rubble. The parapets are plain, that of the clerestory has good mouldings and its windows are Decorated of two lights. Beneath its parapet is a fine and curious corbel table. The corbels large and hold in their workmanship. The windows on the south side are mostly Decorated, with square heads. In the north aisle they are Perpendicular of three lights. Some of the buttresses are finished by crocketed pinnacles. The transept is cut off from the church by a wall, and has on its west side an early Decorated window of three lights, without foils. The nave is divided from each aisle by five pointed arches springing from rather elegant and slender piers formed of four clustered shafts with moulded capitals and bases. One pier on the north side is circular, and two seem to have been strengthened by additional stone work. The chancel is long and narrow, the arch opening to it rises upon plain clustered octagonal shafts. There are some Decorated and some Perpendicular windows in the chancel, and on the south side one lancet. The east window is of five lights with a flattened


text:
Libythea maenia är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Hans Fruhstorfer 1909/10. Libythea maenia ingår i släktet Libythea och familjen praktfjärilar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Praktfjärilar
maenia


I have a special Request. I have been developing a unique line of gel based fish diets as an offshoot of a formula that I developed for amphibian/tadpoles. My supplement and diet line is pretty well known in the Reptile and Amphibian Hobby, but I am probably a stranger to most in the fish world. I was into fish before Reptiles, and always have kept Tropical Fish and Inverts through the years.
I am looking for a photo to use on the label, and would like to see if anyone here has something suitable. I need a good size file to work with, tight focus, a good side angle, and a nice erect fins.
I have mocked up a label using a photo I found on the web that I think is just what I am looking for. Possibly someone on here owns this pic or knows who took it? I couldn't find any info on the author where I found the pic.
I offer photo credit on the lower right side of every label, and I can offer a heap of free food in trade. I can even pay for that perfect shot if necessary. The photo below is just an unfinished mockup for example purposes only. Please send me a pm if you think you might be interested in helping me out. I am the owner of a small family run business. I am not a representative from some big giant company.
I was at Rachel's on Friday and told her she was welcome to let you use any of my pics but that I probably did not have one that you would want. I do know a number of zebra keepser, most of whom are better photographers than I am. I will ask if anybody can help.
ps- She gave me a packet of your meaty formula to try on my zebras, contradens, L450s, L173b and P. comptas.
It is a small world considering Rachel is one of the few people who has been testing and sharing my formulas with other fish hobbyists. Glad to hear you have some in hand. I actually recognize the pic she sent me from your profile. I forwarded it to my artist and he unfortunately, picked it apart because he didn't like the angle and the fact that the fins weren't nice and erect..... Thanks for offering to help. I would love to hear some feedback once you try it on your collection.
Just a quick bump to let you guys know that I have to go to press on this next Monday for printing and I haven't had any submissions. If I can't come up with a Zebra Pleco pic by this Friday, I am going to have to go with another species for this label...... So if you guys want to give the Zebra some exposure, please send me some pics.
Please see my links. If you like any of mine I will send it your way without the water mark.
I am sure you zebra breeders can share some of those phenomenal shots of your colonies.
I have received some nice pics and am good to go. Thanks for the help!
Wow small world. Just been researching your food and sent a message to a local importer in Australia to see if she's interested in bringing some in.
Repashy is coming out with 2 more additional products.
Gel superfood from Repashy has been a " Game Changer ". I use to make all kinds of frozen food to feed my fish. It is very versatile food. You can add medicine to the food if needed. Also, you can present it in so many ways: cubes, painting on driftwood, slate, rocks. The best part is that it does not disintegrate in your tank and pollute your water.
I had to get some of this to try it out with my Panaques.
Will the product also be available in Europe?


So we purchased our tickets and arrived at the Shangri-la Hotel ballroom with the expectation of a night of magical nostalgia. Graham Russell and Russell Hitchcock delivered. Though definitely older, they still belted out their ballads with syrupy gusto. Sometimes they couldn't quite hit the very high notes at the end, and the younger base player had to step in and finish out their songs, but overall they still had it. As far as I could tell they didn't need oxygen tanks for their own air supply.
As I sat there in the grinning and slightly swaying audience, along with my wife, our newborn son and our friends, I kept thinking to myself, don't these guys get sick of these songs? I mean, how many times can someone sing "Two Less Lonely People in the World" without throwing up? Night after night, in thousands of venues around the globe, they gather the 80's faithful and stir up those old memories from the skating rink glory days. Same twelve songs every single night for decades.
So, yes, they are definitely, positively bored of their songs. Willing to chat with just about anybody to get out of singing them. But they have to keep singing them, because the paying fans demand them. They tried to play some of their new stuff but nobody cared. Everyone wanted to hear the oldies. Everyone wanted to go back into those old memories and couple skate again. Now I'm not really sure if those hundreds of Indonesians in attendance that evening ever couple skated but they sure had all of those songs memorized.
So my question to you is, are you feeling it too? Does the feeling seem oh so right? Oh, what are thinking of? What are you thinking of? (forgive my corny lyrical ending and post your thoughts below).
@Lane….Just when I thought I was over you…you go and leave a comment on my blog! Thanks so much! Oh well, there's nothing left to say but goodbye. Goodbye.
"Here I Am" at 40, too. Glad to have a fellow metamucil-needing traveler along with me on this steadily-steepening road into the sunset. Stephanie is luckier than "Every Woman in the World" to be married to you. Since you two have been together, there are "Two Less Lonely People in the World." I am sure that "Even the Nights are Better" — hubba, hubba. Happy to hear you've been "Lost in Love" for 18 years.
OK, enough of that. I'm looking forward to seeing you in July at HICON, my friend.
Wow Sarah…very insightful. Much more insightful than an Air Supply concert! Thanks for sharing about that struggle that tugs on all of us. I appreciate your honesty, and I love the tie-in to C.S. Lewis' brilliant analogy. May we live consistently in that refreshing adventure!
Wow…great post. The story you tell very much reminds of C.S Lewis' The Great Divorce; it's that picture of hell he paints of being doomed to repeat the same old cycle, to walk the same, old, worn down, fruitless path and never getting any satisfaction or joy, never getting any relief.
For me personally, just when I'm about to make a bad decision and go back to a destructive habit, I always hear that very subtle, soft voice saying something like, "Really, Sarah?! Do you really want to go back to your same old ways? You already know where they lead: self hatred, guilt, depression, anger. Why not try something new and do it my way? Why not go ALL in and simply obey me?". Now THAT would be a truly refreshing adventure, wouldn't it? To hear His voice and simply obey, no holds barred?
Sometimes I actually listen to that voice and obey and I've always, always been grateful that I did. But many times, my temptations are too strong or too easy and I give in to my quick fix. When will I learn once and for all, eh?


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Can You Violate the Geneva Conventions in Grand Theft Auto Online, Fruit Ninja, and Putt-Putt Saves The Zoo?
By Giovanni Colantonio | June 6, 2020
Despite the fact that we have extensive war rules like the Geneva Conventions, countries still boldly violate these standards when there's no camera present. Take the 2005 killings in Haditha, Iraq, where US marines murdered 24 women and children as revenge for a soldier dying from a roadside bomb.
That may sound horrific, but are gamers any better? You'd be surprised at the kinds of human rights violations players are happy to partake in when they ARE the camera. So, let's once again tackle some war crimes you may be casually committing from the comfort of your couch.
You can violate the Chemical Weapons Convention (which prohibits the use of tear gas) in Grand Theft Auto Online. pic.twitter.com/kVhvxLqGVy
— Can You Violate The Geneva Conventions? (@ViolateGeneva) May 31, 2020
The Grand Theft Auto series features a bevy of weapons, many of which aren't suitable for wartime. Take tear gas, for instance, which is explicitly prohibited as part of the Chemical Weapons Convention. If tear gas is too morally grey for war, then you should absolutely not use it in Grand Theft Auto Online against civilians. Only a monster would gas innocent bystanders.
You can violate article 54 of Additional Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions (you can not destroy food) in Fruit Ninja. pic.twitter.com/rgm1ebDEQ4
— Can You Violate The Geneva Conventions? (@ViolateGeneva) June 3, 2020
Fruit Ninja is a fun mobile game where you slash any produce that comes across your path. Sounds innocuous, right? Wrong, as always. Destroying food is a major crime, as per article 54 of Additional Protocol 1: "It is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove or render useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, such as foodstuff." Did you ever stop to ask yourself who's food you're destroying? Because there's a good chance that multiple families have starved to death due to your actions.
You can violate article 33 of the 4th Geneva Convention (pillage is prohibited) in Barbie: Explorer. pic.twitter.com/EAZkYMHuVM
Don't be fooled by the care-free attitude: Barbie is a colonizer. Don't take our word for it; just look to 2001's Barbie: Explorer. In this Tomb Raider knock-off, Barbie explores foreign cultures, leaving a path of inconceivable offenses. For instance, she regularly violates article 54 of the 4th Geneva Convention, which very plainly states "pillage is prohibited." This is what white privilege looks like.
The US government may have violated article 147 of the 4th Geneva Convention (no biological experiments on civilians) if the rumors surrounding Polybius are true. pic.twitter.com/i4yN6VF1wR
For decades, gamers have been mystified by the urban legend of Polybius. The story goes that, one day, mysterious cabinets briefly popped up in arcades across Portal, Oregon, which made players sick. Gamers reported seeing men in black suits monitoring the machines. CIA? FBI? Doesn't matter: if the story is true, the US government is in huge trouble. Article 147 of the 4th Geneva Convention explicitly prohibits "biological experiments." If you were ever a victim of these cabinets, we recommend you alert the International Criminal Court immediately.
You cannot violate the Geneva Conventions in Putt-Putt Saves the Zoo. pic.twitter.com/QD2GGBHUzK
We are happy to report that Putt-Putt's conscience is clear when it comes to war crimes. However, this does not give him a free pass for the amount of carbon this old jalopy puts into the atmosphere. Remember, just because you're not a war criminal doesn't mean you're a good person.
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Tony Stark Steps Down as Avenger After Name Found in Epstein Flight Logs
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J.J. Abrams-Directed Episode of Mandalorian Reveals Wait No His Name Actually Is Baby Yoda
Podcaster Spends 2 Hours Setting Up Elaborate Audio Rig for Casual Family Zoom Chat
Brian David Gilbert Begins Comprehensive Deep Dive Into How to Get Health Insurance Now
New IGN Guide Sends Freelancer to Your House to Play Game for You


text:
Gay-rights movement revs up at Notre Dame
by Chuck Colbert
This article shared 7601 times since Wed Apr 18, 2012
It needs to get better.
That's the message of a two-and-a-half minute video calling for approval of a gay-straight alliance ( GSA ) and the adoption of a non-discrimination policy that is inclusive of sexual orientation at one of the nation's most visible Catholic universities, a school with a large base of alumni, including gay ones, in Chicago.
The video hammers away, gently, at the need for change on the South Bend, Ind., campus, where for more than a decade efforts at securing legal protections for LGBTQ students, faculty and staff have fallen short.
And with the reach of social media and a reinvigorated push—now organized under the banner of the 4 to 5 movement—student and leaders and gay alumni have hopes that school administrators will at least approve the GSA by the end of the school year, while readily acknowledging that adding a non-discrimination clause may take longer.
"The 4 to 5 movement is the largest coalition for LGBT rights at Notre Dame in history," said alumnus Liam Dacey, past chair of Gay & Lesbian Alumni of Notre Dame and St. Mary's College ( GALA-ND/SMC ) .
"It has brought together students, faculty, staff and alumni, and the community in a unified way to tell the administration that they are not doing nearly enough to serve LGBT people," he added.
Indeed, social media has raised the profile of the 4 to 5 movement well beyond South Bend. Loyola University of Chicago's student government, for example, passed a resolution of "solidarity" with Notre Dame's LGBTQ community in its efforts.
Students at the Catholic University of America, based in Washington, D.C., have produced a similar video and formed a coalition with Notre Dame advocates of non-discrimination and an officially approved GSA for their school.
At both institutions, students have submitted applications seeking official status for GSAs. A decision is expected at Notre Dame no later than May 1.
Meanwhile, the push is on as LGBTQ Fighting Irish and allies persist in a direct appeal for full respect and equality.
At the same time, any number of other Catholic colleges and universities offer legal protections on the basis of sexual orientation and/or allow self-governing student groups, including Boston College, Georgetown University, DePaul University and Santa Clara University, among others.
Georgetown and DePaul also have LGBTQ resource centers. Last fall Georgetown's center received a $1 million gift to fund an LGBTQ life initiative.
And yet, back in South Bend, "15 times, Notre Dame has denied official club status to a gay-straight alliance," says one undergraduate who appears on a "It Needs to Get Better" video posted on YouTube; so far, the video has gotten more than 20,000 hits.
"A GSA would lead to a long and overdue welcoming environment that students have struggled for year after year," he adds.
"Notre Dame remains the only top-20 university without a gay-straight alliance and without a nondiscrimination clause," another student says on camera.
"Notre Dame is always at the top of LGBT unfriendly colleges list," says Joanna Whitfield of Palatine, Ill., a senior majoring in mechanical engineering.
"Notre Dame's Catholic identity doesn't preclude it from these changes," explains yet another student, adding, "Many other Catholic colleges, including our sister school, St. Mary's [ College ] recognize a GSA and include sexual orientation in their non-discrimination clauses."
"So, listen up Father Jenkins," says Alex Coccia of Columbus, Ohio, a sophomore majoring in Africana and peace studies.
The Rev. John J. Jenkins, C.S.C., is university president.
"Listen up, board of trustees, student body, faculty and staff, alumni," others add. "It needs to get better."
Coccia and Whitfield—both of whom identify as straight allies—are leaders of the 4 to 5 Movement, which they said recently during recent telephone interviews resulted from membership in the Progressive Student Alliance ( PSA ) , an officially sanctioned student group advocating progressive principles, politics, and activism at Notre Dame.
Coccia serves as co-president of PSA, with Whitfield as vice president.
Last year, Brian Sims—a former college football team captain who is openly gay—gave them the idea of 4 to 5 when progressive students hosted him as a speaker on campus, Whitfield explained.
Sims, a Philadelphia Democrat, is a candidate for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
In his talk, Sims pointed to overwhelming majority support for gay rights among young people.
"Statistics supported by the Pew Forum from a national youth survey found that among 18-to-30 year-olds with a college education, four out of five support the general package of gay civil rights," explained Coccia.
"When they are polled," however, he continued, "only one-third think their peers agree."
"So an 80-percent majority thinks it's a 30-percent minority," Coccia said.
"That's the same dynamic at Notre Dame," he said, explaining, "Those allies who are the majority are either overwhelmed by the voices of opposition or structures in place make it seem as though they are not the majority.
For Coccia and Whitfield, the in-the-minority mentality is simply unacceptable.
"It keeps allies from getting involved. It hinders people from coming out. It hinders people from speaking what they believe," he said.
Worse yet, "it breeds a culture of silence," said Coccia.
The legacy undergraduates have generational ties to Notre Dame. Whitfield's grandfather is an alumnus from the 1950s and Coccia's father graduated in the 1970s.
"I've gone to Catholic schools my whole life," said Coccia, who considers Notre Dame to be a "family" and "community."
It's "hypocritical," he went on to say, "that a university that stresses Christian values and loving your neighbor would not protect people on a legal basis because of their sexual orientation. It is insincere to say that someone is loved and welcomed as part of the community, but that that person will not be legally protected."
Mary Rose D'Angelo, an associate professor of New Testament theology at Notre Dame, agrees that there is room for legal-protection measures and an officially approved GSA. In a recent letter to the editor of the student newspaper, she wrote, "Catholic teaching does not preclude measures like the GSA and the non-discrimination clause; indeed, it would seem to require them."
According to its mission statement, the GSA would, if approved, "serve as a peer-to-peer interaction-based student club/gay-straight alliance, where GLBTQ students and allies can work together to 'create a sense of human solidarity and concern for the common good' as outlined in Notre Dame's mission statement."
The GSA would not be an advocacy organization.
Additionally, "A GSA would provide social support for GLBTQ students without isolating them, as well as a significant complement to classroom learning, and would be a venue for student-led effort to assure that GLBTQ students are, in the words of the Catechism [ of the Catholic Church ] 'accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity,'" D'Angelo explained.
"Equally important is the Catechism's stipulation that 'Every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided,'" she added.
"Endorsing the capacity of gay and straight students ( and associated faculty ) to organize around sexual identity and adding sexual orientation to the non- discrimination are two essential steps toward fulfilling the moral mandate the Catechism articulates," D'Angelo's letter concluded.
Among those who disagree is Jenkins, the current president, and his predecessor, the Rev. Edward A. Malloy, C.S.C., who have relied on Catholic Church doctrine and legal concerns as bases for a non-inclusive policy.
"Our rationale for not adding sexual orientation to the non-discrimination policy clause has for the last 12 years been our unwillingness to leave to civil courts the interpretation of university decisions that are made the basis of Church teaching on sexual orientation and conduct," wrote Jenkins in April 2011 to GALA-ND/SMC's Dacey.
Two years earlier, Malloy wrote, "Within society at large, the phrase 'sexual orientation' sometimes becomes a term that does not admit of distinction between sexual orientation and the manner in which people live out their sexual orientation—a distinction that is critical to us as a Catholic institution."
The two presidents may have a point, says Marc. R. Poirier, a professor at the Seton Hall University School of Law.
"There is a paragraph in Christian Legal Society [ CLS ] v. Martinez that would worry me very much if I were a religious group seeking to draw a distinction between status and conduct and maintain it in the face of an anti-discrimination principle that included sexual orientation," he said.
"It appears to me that is what the president of Notre Dame is referring to," said Poirier.
CLS v. Martinez is a 2010 United States Supreme Court case ( decided 5-4 ) , penned by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. In a win for LGBT rights, the high court ruled that religious beliefs may not always trump non-discrimination policies.
The case involved the Christian Legal Society at Hastings Law School, a public institution, where the group sought to exclude gay people from membership and from holding office. Hastings had a non-discrimination policy and refused to recognize the CLS group unless it admitted gays.
"The court rejected the CLS's argument that the group could exclude homosexuals on the basis of conduct," said Poirier. "It held that Hastings' anti-discrimination policy protecting LGBT folks would prevail over a CLS policy requiring celibacy."
Ginsburg held that exclusion on the basis of sexual conduct was tantamount to discrimination on the basis of status as homosexual.
"So based on this paragraph, there would appear to be a risk, if an educational institution had both a non-discrimination policy including sexual orientation and a policy requiring celibacy outside of marriage, and also doctrinally limited marriage to opposite sex couples, that the anti-discrimination policy would be read by the court to trump the celibacy policy," Poirier said.
"To be sure, in other contexts courts have given the status/conduct distinction weight, but not in the circumstances of CLS v. Martinez," said Poirier.
Notre Dame's campus advocacy for a self-governing student group and legal protections comes at a time when the South Bend City Council approved a measure by a vote of 6-3 that provided protections for residents from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.
Notre Dame is not located, save a building, within city limits. And yet, Coccia termed the vote "fantastic," adding, "It gives us a lot of motivation, too."
University spokesperson Dennis Brown, an assistant vice president of Public Information and Communications, said in e-mail correspondence, "We have received material related to a gay straight alliance and sexual orientation in the non-discrimination clause—as well as many other requests—from concerned students and are not making any comments until we've had the opportunity to thoroughly review and evaluate the material and then respond directly to them. We believe they deserve that courtesy."
Brown added, "That said, as articulated in the Spirit of Inclusion, we welcome and value all members of our community, we condemn discriminatory harassment of any kind, and our policy explicitly precludes harassment based on sexual orientation."
The Spirit of Inclusion statement to which Brown refers dates back more than a decade when then president Malloy wrote in it, "We choose not to change our legal non-discrimination clause, but we call ourselves to act in accord with what we regard as a higher standard—Christ's call to inclusiveness, coupled with the gospel's call to live chaste lives."
Nonetheless, 4 to 5 movement Whitfield sees room for improvement. "The Spirit of Inclusion is a nice step for the university to take towards creating a welcoming environment, but the statement has no legal meaning. How can the campus environment be open and welcoming if the university doesn't offer a group of people protection from discrimination?"
Advocates for change at Notre Dame point to St. Mary's College, "where policies, practices, and procedures are administered in a manner consistent with our Catholic identity," according to the school's policy on equal employment opportunity.
The policy also states, "With the foregoing understanding, Saint Mary's College will not engage in discrimination based on gender, race, national origin, religion, age, mental or physical disability, all as provided by law. Based on Catholic values, the College also commits to avoiding discrimination based on sexual or political orientation."
Gwen O'Brien, the school's media relations director, said in e-mail correspondence, "The Straight and Gay Alliance ( SAGA ) is one of the college's approved organizations. SAGA's purpose is to provide students opportunities to openly discuss and question how they may best live their lives as sexual beings within the framework of Catholic teaching."
SAGA is self-governing, is open to all students, has a constitution and elects officers—the same as any other student organization—with one caveat, said O'Brien: "SAGA cannot serve as an advocacy group."
GALA-ND/SMC's Dacey applauds the advances at Notre Dame's sister school. "Right now it is getting better at St. Mary's, but we aren't seeing the same sort of progress at Notre Dame," he said. "How can this be viewed as anything but one big Catholic hypocrisy?"
A 1978 graduate of the University of Notre Dame, Chuck Colbert is a co-founder of GALA-ND/SMC and a former co-chair of the organization, which is not affiliated with the Notre Dame Alumni Association.
� Copyright. Chuck Colbert. All rights reserved.
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ConditionalityComponent Class Reference

List of all members.

Public Member Functions

 	startup (Controller $controller)

 	nextLink ($page_id, $session_id)

 	previousLink ($page_id, $session_id)

 	nextPage ($page_id, $session)

 	previousPage ($page_id, $session)

 	nextPageRecursive ($current_page_id, $session)

 	previousPageRecursive ($current_page, $session)

 	showQr ($qr_id, $session_id)

 	showPage ($page_id, $session_id)

 	getOptions ($question, $session_id)

 	showOption ($option_id, $session_id)

 	runConditions ($conditions, $session_id)

Detailed Description

Conditionality Component API

Copyright 2013 University of Washington, School of Nursing. http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause

The conditionality component encapsulates the logic determining whether a specific page should be shown for a session. Its basic API is accessed through the functions nextLink and previousLink. These functions should be passed the current page id and session id; they will run the conditionality rules on succeeding or previous pages until they find a page which ought to be shown, and return a cakephp link to it.

Multiple conditions can be applied to a target; the default grouping is AND. To use OR instead, include a record with condition "OR" for that target.

The conditionality rules have two parts: 1) function definitions wrapped in an appropriate php object, 2) records in the database's conditions table.

Condition functions are grouped together into objects, which can be inherited from other condition function objects. They should ultimately inherit from ConditionFunctions (see documentation below), which provides the infrastructure. Functions defind inside your own ConditionFunction subclasses should: 1. Accept 2-3 arguments (the session and page id, which will be passed in autumatically, and also one other argument provided database record (see below) 2. Return true if that page should be shown, otherwise false.

When these functions are called is determined by records in the database. The records contain an id, a TargetType (page or questionnaire) a target id, and a condition. If the condition is formatted like: %(checkNotFirstVisit) A function with that name is called and the target item is shown if the function returns true.

If it is formatted like: %(comparisonQuestion 118 == 1) The function name in first position is called with the argument in second position. The result is then compared with the operator to the evaluated value of the item in the final position. Again, if the comparison is true, the item is shown.

The value which is being compared against can be a semicolon-delimited list, e.g. 1;2;3;4. If the operand is == or ===, it's implicit OR %(comparisonQuestion 118 == 1;2;3;4) If it's anything else eg !=, > etc, it's implicit AND, eg: %(comparisonField User.clinic_id != 1;2;3;4)

Negations can be used by adding ! before the condition's function name eg %(!isFirstSession) Comments are provided in the source below.

11/15/08 FIXME: Fails to return a sensible link if a questionnaire that should be shown does not have any pages that should be shown. (Need to add a recursive step_

Member Function Documentation

          ConditionalityComponent::startup
          (
          Controller $
           controller
           )

startup: called by cakePHP automatically when included into a controller @ param AppController: current controller

          ConditionalityComponent::nextLink
          (
          $
           page_id,

          $
           session_id

          )

nextLink: return a link to the next page to show in the survey

Returns:

string: cakephp url to the next page.

Parameters:

	int 	$page_id: id of the current page.

	int 	$session_id: id of the current session

          ConditionalityComponent::previousLink
          (
          $
           page_id,

          $
           session_id

          )

previousLink: returns a link to the previous page to show in the survey session

Parameters:

	int 	$page_id

	int 	$session_id

Returns:

string: cakephp url

          ConditionalityComponent::nextPageRecursive
          (
          $
           current_page_id,

          $
           session

          )

Given a page, see if we should show it. If not, try the function again on the next one.

Parameters:

	$current_page_id,: 	id of the page where we start looking; if null, start at the project's first page.

	$session,the 	array for the current session

Returns:

id of next page to show, or null if no more pages in survey

          ConditionalityComponent::previousPageRecursive
          (
          $
           current_page,

          $
           session

          )

Parameters:

	$current_page_id

	$session

Returns:

int id of the previous page to show

          ConditionalityComponent::showQr
          (
          $
           qr_id,

          $
           session_id

          )

Parameters:

	$qr_id 	: id of the questionnaire to be checked

	$session_id 	: id of the session to check for

Returns:

bool : true if it should be shown, else false

          ConditionalityComponent::runConditions
          (
          $
           conditions,

          $
           session_id

          )

By default: all conditions must be met (i.e. AND) If condition 'OR' exists for this target, meeting any of the conditions for the target suffices

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

/var/lib/jenkins/jobs/CPRO doc auto-generation - GitHub Repo/workspace/app/Controller/Component/ConditionalityComponent.php

<address style="text-align: right;">Generated on Mon Dec 23 10:49:47 2013 for DHAIR2 by

 1.5.6 </address>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Home/Gaming/Steam Refunds And The Value of Digital Product
Steam Refunds And The Value of Digital Product
Stephen "Dirk" Libbey June 8, 2015
Last week digital game store, and owner of half the internet, Steam announced a new refund policy for their site. As is the case every time Steam makes a new policy, there was a lot of noise in response to it. Generally speaking the response from the user base is positive, while response from developers is more mixed. As it has been nearly a week and Steam has not reversed themselves this time, it appears the policy is here to stay.
In a nut shell, the policy gives players 14 days after a purchase to request a refund, as long as the game has been played for less than 2 hours. On the surface this makes sense. One of the single biggest issues when dealing with PC games is hardware compatibility. Sometimes a game just won't run. This will give players the freedom to try new games without fear that they just wasted their money on something they can't play.
In addition, it makes Steam Early Access, which is the video game equivalent of the wild west, a safer place to be. Some of the products on Early Access can only be described as video games in the strictest definition of the term. Now gamers don't need to worry about being suckered in by inaccurate screen shots. If the game isn't what it claims to be, it can be returned.
Every retail store has some sort of refund or return policy. Sometimes the thing you buy is broken and you need to get a new one, or it didn't work as advertised. In the retail world we would not stand for a store not having a policy on this. The fact that it was ok for Steam to not have it for so long is actually shocking.
The negative side of the new policy comes from the developers. Many of them are afraid that they will lose sales because of the policy. For the most part, that's the point. If the player can't play your game, they will return it. If, after a short play through, they decide the game is bad, they will return it. Developers need to be prepared for that. If they see a lot of people returning the game and then writing reviews that the game isn't very good. Maybe this is information the developer should take to heart.
Is there an opportunity for abuse? For internet trolls to buy games, trash them, and then get refunds? There is, and it may happen but they'll still need to put their $5, $20, or $60 on the line to do it. That won't be worthwhile for most. Steam also says they will be watching for people abusing the refund policy. If they actually do a good job with that there's little to worry about.
The one aspect of the policy that does seem arbitrary is the 2 hour play time. The fact is that there are many games on Steam that a player can complete in under 2 hours. While most gamers who play a game like that to the end probably won't return it, they finished it, that says a lot, there is opportunity for Steam to be treated like a rental service. Time will tell if it's a major issue, and some modification to that part of the policy is certainly possible once they get an idea how it works.
In the end, a digital download is a product. Consumers should have the right, and ability, to return products they don't like, or don't work. It's part of how the people who make those products learn what their customers like, and don't like about the products. It makes the products better. We all deserve better products.
Stephen "Dirk" Libbey
Stephen is a veteran of the consumer electronics industry where his passion for technology was born. Most of the people he knows in that industry call him Dirk, but that's not important. He is an avid gamer, occasional podcaster, coffee snob, and watches much more TV than is probably healthy. Today he is a freelance writer specializing in his various geek obsessions.
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text:
North Borneo 1894 stamps: Legitimately scorned or real works of art?
Sep 3, 2016, 1 PM
The first of the set of nine 1894 North Borneo stamps portrays a Dyak chieftain. The Dyak are the indigenous people of the island of Borneo. At right is the basis of the design: an illustration from an 1889 travel book by Baroness Brassey.
The other eight stamps produced by Waterlow & Sons in the 1894 North Borneo set display a lively assortment of styles and subjects.
The engraved vignette on the 18¢ stamp in the 1894 set is based on this 1841 drawing of Mount Kinabalu, the highest peak on Borneo, by Royal Navy Midshipman Frank S. Marryat.
By Kathleen Wunderly
Philatelists always have been deeply critical of any postal issues perceived as existing mainly for profit, sometimes even sold by postal officials directly to dealers in wholesale lots, and/or with cancels that never saw a post office any more than the stamps had.
Although it is likely that no collector has ever been forced to purchase a stamp, these "speculative issues" have been viewed by many as essentially extortion attempts on hapless philatelic customers.
The 1894 pictorial stamps of North Borneo often are cited as prime examples of such efforts to swindle collectors, though they are colorful and interesting engraved stamps that probably have piqued many a young collector's interest in the hobby over the years.
Connect with Linn's Stamp News:
After labeling North Borneo "philatelically abominable," Ernest A. Kehr (The Romance of Stamp Collecting, 1947) added, "Such tiny places as North Borneo, Liberia, Labuan, and Persia were the first to prostitute their postal paper. And so thoroughly did they do their job that today very few serious collectors will recognize the stamps issued by these countries as legitimate, except when they are found on original letters with the proper postmarks to prove they served a genuine postal purpose."
Neatly combining scorn and praise, the British writer Stanley C. Johnson (The Stamp Collector: A Guide to the World's Postage Stamps, 1920) called the 1894 stamps "the exquisite though undesirable issues of North Borneo."
Market speculation aside, some collectors condemned the new 1894 stamps simply because of the novelty of their designs.
Johnson blamed the 1893 Columbian Exposition issue for being poor role models: "Soon after the Columbus stamps of the United States set the fashion in pictorial designs, many colonies cast aside their Sovereign's features and ran riot with local views and customs."
Most postage stamps up to that time had been portraits or symbols in rigidly structured frames, and there was a collector-audience who felt that all new stamps should continue the classic patterns.
Only a few critics have recognized an important point about the North Borneo stamps, beginning with the first issues in 1883: namely, that these were not produced by a national postal administration, funded by the citizens as an essentially nonprofit function of government.
North Borneo, now a Malaysian state known by its original native name of Sabah, occupies the northernmost part of the tropical island of Borneo in the South China Sea. After early incursions by the Spanish, Dutch and Portuguese, the area attracted British interest.
On Nov. 1, 1881, the British North Borneo Provisional Assoc., Ltd., received a royal charter, and the British North Borneo Co. was formed the following March.
In 1888, the area became a British protectorate called the State of North Borneo, but the BNBC continued to administer and control it. The BNBC existed until July 15, 1946 (when the region became a crown colony), having succeeded as the longest lasting of the 19th-century British chartered companies, and credited by many with bringing general peace and comparative prosperity to North Borneo.
The BNBC's mandate was to set up a government and enforce law and order through policing and courts, plus encourage agriculture and trade and build railways. The company understood the need for postage stamps as part of the process of building nationhood (it had joined the Universal Postal Union in 1891), but in a poor and illiterate country, massive quantities of stamps certainly had no legitimate purpose.
The BNBC had no compunction about breaking into the growing market of stamp collectors, and benefiting commercially from postage stamps as another commodity of North Borneo.
That said, the BNBC seemed willing to spend some money for quality work on the new 1894 issues. The 1883 North Borneo stamps had been produced by Blades, East & Blades, Ltd., in London, printed by lithography with a traditional style of design showing the BNBC's coat of arms. Those stamps had been redrawn and surcharged and overprinted over the years, until the BNBC sought a bid in 1893 from De La Rue & Co. for new issues for North Borneo, again using the BNBC coat of arms. De La Rue had been printing stamps for Labuan, a group of islands northwest of North Borneo that came under BNBC administration in 1890.
De La Rue submitted several designs for consideration, but meanwhile the BNBC had noted the re-entry of Waterlow & Sons, Ltd., also of London, into the stamp-printing business.
Waterlow had produced some much admired stamps for Siam in 1883 (Thailand Scott 1-5), for example, showing off the fine results of direct-plate printing (aka line-engraved or recess printing).
The BNBC had second thoughts, and while De La Rue was working on its proposal, the company approached Waterlow in March 1893, and that firm took the ball and ran with it, quickly suggesting a set of nine bicolor pictorial designs.
The new stamps became Scott 59-67, from 1¢ to 24¢ and valid for postage or revenue use (the denominations from 25¢ to $10, and a $25 revenue-only stamp, continued to be printed by lithography by Blades, East & Blades).
Each of the nine Waterlow designs is different from the others, with various styles of framelines and formats for the inscriptions; some stamps are vertical rectangles and others are horizontal.
Waterlow's proposal of unusual formats and designs (even the Columbians had been consistent in size and basic framing) captured the BNBC's fancy, and by mid-May 1893 the latter had informed De La Rue that the postage-stamp contract had been awarded elsewhere. BNBC approved Waterlow's final designs and colors in June 1893.
Renowned British philatelic writer and stamp-printing expert L. Norman Williams, in A Century of Stamp Production, 1852-1952: Waterlow & Sons Ltd., said the 1894 stamps were "a forerunner of the modern pictorial stamps, and originated the idea of placing a vignetted design within the borders of the framework."
Some necessary changes in wording from the 1886 and subsequent issues included dropping "British" from the country name and using the official name at the time, "State of North Borneo."
In the excitement, the BNBC and the designers failed to add Malay inscriptions in addition to English ones, as had been combined on previous issues. This omission was remedied on re-engraved stamps of the same designs issued in 1897.
The nine new 1894 stamps were printed on unwatermarked white-wove paper in sheets of 100 and perforated gauge 15.
The Waterlow artists who produced the designs are not recorded, but the sources of a few of the vignettes are known, as are the engravers' names.
The 1¢ bister-brown and black stamp (Scott 59) pictures a Dyak chief. The Dyak are the indigenous peoples of Borneo, from a Malay word meaning "up-country." The design was based closely on an illustration in a book by Baroness Anna Brassey (1839-87), world traveler and bestselling author of books based on her adventures, many of them in her family's yacht, Sunbeam.
The Dyak chief in full war paint was illustrated in Brassey's The Last Voyage, published in 1889. The Dyak were, among other things, headhunters, and human hair is shown on the scabbard at the chief's waist and the handle of his parang (sword).
The 2¢ stamp (Scott 60), rose and black, is filled with an antlers-and-head portrait of a native Sambar deer in an asymmetrical frame that places "Postage & Revenue" in an arc in the lower-left corner.
The 3¢ stamp (Scott 61), in violet and green, has a sago palm in an oval frame and cheerful swirls and curlicues outside the oval to the edges of the stamp. It's easy to imagine the Waterlow artists having fun with this set of stamps, seemingly having been encouraged to let their imaginations go.
On the 5¢ stamp (Scott 62), orange red and black, a Malaysian Great Argus pheasant is in full display, and in a philatelically unprecedented move, the tail feathers of the vignette cut into the upper frameline. The mating dance of the Great Argus, with fully erect tail feathers, is the bird's most identifiable element, and the designer did not want to crop the image to fit the frame, so he or she didn't do so.
The same refusal to conform is evident on the 12¢ ultramarine and black stamp (Scott 65) of a saltwater (estuarine) crocodile, the largest living reptile on earth. Male crocodiles routinely reach 20 feet long, so it's unsurprising that one would not easily fit on a stamp.
Various stamp writers over the years described the image as "fearsome" and "of peculiarly voracious aspect." In another break with stamp-design tradition, the crocodile's tail cuts through the frameline at left. The croc image could have been moved slightly to the right to allow the tail to be fully inside the frame, so the decision to have the tail break the line seems deliberate.
Were the pheasant and the crocodile placements intentional artistic acts? Not until 1998, more than a century later, did the United States "break the line" for artistic effect.
Commenting on the 32¢ Sylvester and Tweety stamp (Scott 3204a), in which Sylvester's hand and part of the birdhouse break out of the subject area, and the 32¢ Bright Eyes issues later that year (3230-3234) in which the dog's head and one ear each on the cat and the hamster protrude, U.S. Postal Service art director and head of stamp development Terrence McCaffrey said these were a graphic device "for a three-dimensional effect."
The Waterlow artists simply may have been trying to make the art fit, certainly not aiming for 3-D, but the fact remains that this was interesting and unprecedented stamp design.
Returning to the order of denominations, the 6¢ stamp (Scott 63) bears the arms of the British North Borneo Co., in brown and black, on the most "normal" looking of the nine stamps. Even so, the arms are drawn more elaborately and with much more shading than on the more subdued 1883 and subsequent versions of the same subject.
A Malay proa or prahu, a boat with sails and numerous oars, is shown on the 8¢ lilac and black stamp (Scott 64). It has the appearance of an illustration from a book, but it is not from the Brassey book and its source is not recorded.
The 18¢ stamp (Scott 66), in green and black, displays a landscape with Mount Kinabalu, the highest peak on Borneo. This image was based on a drawing made by Midshipman Frank S. Marryat while serving on HMS Samarang, surveying the coast of Borneo in 1841. Marryat's book, Borneo and the Indian Archipelago, was published in 1848, and can be accessed on various Internet e-book websites. The illustration on which the stamp was based follows page 58 in the book and was titled "Keeney Ballu" by Marryat.
Another version of the BNBC arms appears on the 24¢ stamp (Scott 67), in claret and blue. Two Malay figures support the design, which is not inside a frameline. Rays of sunshine blaze out all around the image, and the numerals and "Postage" and "Revenue" are on small diagonal lozenges at the corners.
Waterlow's records indicate that three engravers worked on the nine stamps: Joseph Rapkin, Sr.; Joseph Rapkin, Jr.; and someone listed only as "Bain." The latter must have been James Bain, age 50 at the time, listed in the 1871 through 1911 decennial censuses of the United Kingdom as an engraver or art engraver.
Reaction to the new stamps, which reached the post offices in North Borneo by late February 1894, was not just positive but effusive, at least from one quarter. The London Philatelist received advance examples of the stamps from the London office of the British North Borneo Co. in early December 1893, and published its reactions in that month's journal, as follows: "The Company are to be congratulated upon the issue, as regards the nine lower values, of as beautiful a set of stamps as has ever emanated from any country. In delicacy of design, in engraving, and in colouring they are in our opinion quite unsurpassable, and at once take the highest rank as regards the artistic side of Philately."
Alas, only a few decades later, they were "abominable" and "undesirable."
Despite their modern bad press, North Borneo Scott 59-67 are respectably valued in the Scott Classic Specialized catalogue of Stamps and Covers 1840-1940. Imperforate examples of some of the denominations command prices of hundreds of dollars each, but a set of mint examples of the basic nine stamps should run about $139; used, about $11.
Longtime collectors might be able to retrieve a used set from their childhood albums, where they probably were much enjoyed at the time.
Mar 31, 2016, 4 PM
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Tripolitania stamp set of 1934 promoted Italy's colonial arts: Classic Stamps of the World