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C3: Nuclear Command, Control, CooperationValery E. Yarynich,
Memories of V.G. Repin, creator and ideologist of the national strategic system
Revealed: How Long It Would Take Russia to Respond to Potential Nuclear Attack Sputnik 05 Oct 2019 -- A Russian Aerospace Forces commander has revealed that their primary goals with regard to upgrading warning systems and extending radiolocation centres is so that it will take less time to intercept a potential attack and make a well-calculated decision.
Strategic Command and Control
The Russian General Staff has two methods for launching nuclear weapons. Following the American pattern, the unlock and launch authorization codes held by the General Staff at their command centers can be sent directly to individual weapons commanders, who would execute the launch procedures. The crews onboard docked submarines, have demonstrated the ability to fire while surfaced at pier-side within 9 to 15 minutes after receiving the order. Or, the General Staff could direct missile launches directly from command centers in the Moscow vicinity or alternative facilities at Chekhov, Penza, and elsewhere. This is a remote launch of land-based strategic missiles would bypass the subordinate chain of command and missile launch crews.
The Soviet Union faced problems compounded by the political control of nuclear weapons by the Soviet secret police, the KGB. The KGB was strongly intertwined within the Soviet military; its tentacles extended throughout the service branches, and its agents were always on the lookout for evidence of disloyalty and apolitical leanings. They seldom looked for corruption or moral misbehavior unless they were building a case against a targeted individual.
The other force always in play was the "Zampolit," the political officer. Lenin originated the political officer concept shortly after the Revolution as a means of monitoring the loyalist remnants of the Tsar's army and as a purveyor of communist doctrine to the masses. The Bolsheviks characterized the Zampolit mission as a "program of public enlighten ment." As the communist movement engulfed Russia and, later, the Soviet Union, the Zampolit concept became an integral part of every military commander's functional responsibility.
By the late 1960s, the Soviets created the Signal system, which could detect an attempt by a crew to perform an unauthorized ballistic missile launch.
V.G.Repin, chief designer of the SPAR and SCCC in 1970-1987, recalled that "During my time as Chief Designer, four Supreme Commander-in-Chiefs were replaced, and only one of them, called by whomever marauded, Leonid Brezhnev, found for himself a necessary personal conversation with the chief designer on the use of information, as Supreme Commander-in-Chief, missile attack. Some time after the introduction [in October 1976]. He summoned me to the first stage of the missile warning system and about one and a half hours, what is the reliability of the generalized and the accuracy of the quantitative assessments of the missile situation, what are the different warning signals, why some of them require only increased attention, and some - decisive action with possible irreversible consequences. Only this conversation for me is a complete proof of the repulsiveness of those who called and ridiculed Brezhnev. And in the last years of his life I witnessed a keen interest in the cause and full clarity of the mind of this man. In 1980, under his chairmanship, a special meeting of the Council of Defense of the USSR was held , dedicated to the issues of the missile warning system. [...]Leonid Brezhnev showed genuine interest, asked many questions, delving into the essence of the problems, during the meeting, amended the draft decision. His active behavior contrasted strongly with that of other members of the Defense Council."
The main command and control of the strategic missiles is called Kazbek [the name coincides with the name of the cigarettes popular in the Soviet Union]. It is famous for its nuclear briefcase codenamed Cheget - the sacred "monarch's scepter". Perimeter is an alternative command system of Russia's nuclear forces. It was designed to automatically control a massive nuclear attack.
During the Caribbean crisis in 1962 in the Soviet Union, orders to strategic missile forces were given over radio communications and wire communications with the help of the "Monolith" system. The most serious drawback of this system was that the order from Moscow to launch the missiles could not be canceled.
There were, of course, other shortcomings. The "Monolith" system was based on the use of simple packages with secret data in the event of a nuclear war. When a certain codeword was transmitted through the system, the packages should be opened with scissors. During the training alarm, the officer's hands after the receipt of the order were so shaky that he could not open the package for several minutes, and in the conditions of nuclear war it was an eternity. The scissors had to be abandoned, and they were replaced with a buckle, for which it was enough to pull to open the package. It is known that such an improvement allowed to win only 18 seconds.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the management and communication systems were rapidly updated and automated. To replace the "Monolith" came the "Signal" system, which worked faster and, most importantly, with its help it was possible, if necessary, to cancel the order to launch the missiles.
Until the disintegration of the Soviet Union its C3 system was built on the principle of launch-on-warning [LOW]. This posture remains in effect, and procedures are regularly exercised. The Russian command system is poised to obtain nuclear weapons release authority within 10 minutes from the President, the Defense Minister, or the Chief of the General Staff, through the Cheget nuclear suitcase. Physical control of the unlock and launch authorization codes resides with the military, the General Staff has direct access to these codes, and can initiate a missile attack with or without the permission of political authorities.
Unlike other nuclear countries, Russia did not have a document (law) that determines the procedure for the transfer of the presidential "nuclear suitcase" to a person who will perform the duties of the head of state in the event that the President can not do it. When in November 1998 (and then in January 1999) the president once again fell onto the bed of the Central Kremlin Hospital and disconnected from the government - and the Power and the "nuclear suitcase" once again "forgot" to convey to Prime Minister Primakov, - all this lay with him in the hospital wards.
The Russian early warning system was clearly not as robust as the system that the Soviets had. There has been deterioration in the system since the end of the Cold War, both the number of satellites, operational satellites on orbit, and in the radars that are operational. The Russian early warning system deteriorated badly since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Only four satellites remained of more than a dozen that once watched the globe with their sensors. Some vital radar stations that once protected the Soviet Union were closed because they were on territory no longer controlled by Moscow. The Russian system does provide them with adequate warning, but Russian early warning operators may not be able to tell the difference between a peaceful rocket and a military rocket from their computer screens.
Under the leadership of GRU commander Peter Ivanovich Ivashutin in the late 1960s, a system of reconnaissance characteristics (RP) was developed to change the state of combat readiness of the troops of a probable enemy, and the strategic information obtained by reconnaissance made it possible to foresee plans and plans for its further actions in the military and military-technical spheres. This system took into account dozens of thousands of indicators that flowed to intelligence headquarters from all continents, and had an original software-mathematical apparatus for its processing in the shortest possible time.
By the early 1980s, relations between the US and the Soviet Union escalated to the utmost, especially when the NATO alliance deployed medium-range ballistic missiles Pershing-2 in West Germany. The Soviet leadership assumed that Moscow was in the radius of the defeat of these missiles. In addition, Reagan said that the US intends to build a space defense system that will shoot down Soviet missiles with a laser beam. Such a program of "star wars" from a technical point of view was impossible, but the USSR seriously feared these plans.
Reagan played with fire. The leadership of the Soviet Union was confident that the US was preparing to strike. KGB agents in Western countries were instructed to identify signs of preparing for war: whether more livestock is killed than usual, whether stocks of blood banks make, whether media freedom is limited and whether postal shipments are controlled. So would have acted in the USSR, and it was assumed that the enemy would do the same. In addition, they knew that if the war began, the American guns would be aimed at Moscow in order to deprive the country of its leadership.
For a long time no one in the country had the opportunity to launch missiles without the participation of the president, the defense minister and the chief of the General Staff. In the event of a nuclear threat, a session of the so-called conference call should immediately take place between the president, the minister of defense and the chief of the General Staff, during which in a few minutes all three had to come to a single decision. The exclusion of at least one of these procedures was allowed only theoretically.
Yeltsin so eagerly rushed to sit on the cherished Kremlin throne, that contrary to elementary logic, even days before the farewell speech, Gorbachev signed documents that he had allegedly already received from him the "technical components" of the management of the Strategic Nuclear Forces. On the evening of December 25, 1991 Marshal of Aviation Shaposhnikov, Minister of Defense of the USSR and Commander-in-Chief of the United Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States, came to the Kremlin to see Gorbachev. Without any objections, he signed on the documents fixing the transfer of the "nuclear suitcase".
A global sensation was caused by Yeltsin's statement in early 1992: "Our missiles are no longer aimed at the United States." Many in the General Staff on that day reacted to this sensational statement of the president in the same way as sons are ashamed of their father when he suddenly blurts out public nonsense or obvious untruth. He repeatedly gave out something that only in the most general outlines existed in the plans.
In January 1997 Defense Minister Igor Rodionov wrote an alarming letter to Yeltsin. He said the command-and-control systems for Russia's nuclear forces -- including the deep underground bunkers and the early-warning system -- were falling apart. "No one today can guarantee the reliability of our control systems," Rodionov said. "Russia might soon reach the threshold beyond which its rockets and nuclear systems cannot be controlled."
As of the late 1990s the command system and communications networks support nuclear operations, including launch on warning, were typically five or more years past due for overhaul and modernization, with some components ten or more years past their design life. The nuclear suitcases that receive early warning information and accompany the President, Defense Minister, and Chief of the General Staff, were falling into disrepair. Periodically the central command system would go into a "loss of regime" mode, which is a neutral position where it could not send out commands. There were also a few incidents in which individual missile silos or regiments would report to the center that they were in "combat mode" -- but the main system could prevent any accidental launch. Russian officials have repeatedly denied that the strategic forces command system is weakening. They say it has rigid controls against an accidental launch.
Russia's Strategic Missile Forces will use a new-generation automated command and control system from 2016, the Defense Ministry said 19 September 2013. The new system, based on the digital transmission of operations orders bypassing intermediary levels straight to the launch pad, allows the prompt targeting and retargeting of missiles and ensures the effective command and control of all units and subunits, Defense Ministry spokesman Dmitry Andreyev said. The fifth-generation system will use wire, radio and satellite communication channels that are well protected from jamming and other forms of interference, he added. The system is compact and reliable and boasts low energy consumption, secure information transmission and imperviousness to external impacts, the spokesman said.
"The headquarters of the Supreme High Command" is a fascinating phrase from old Soviet black and white films about the war. Offices with maps on tables, decanters with water, greatcoats ... Now this organ of operational control of troops must come to life in our reality. By the end of 2014, the National Defense Center of the State will be operating at the Frunzenskaya Embankment in Moscow, which, in the years of military operations, will be known as the Supreme High Command's Headquarters - no longer officially, but officially.
"The National Center for Defense of the State ... will include three components: the Center for Strategic Nuclear Forces, the Center for Combat Management and the Center for the Management of the Armed Forces' Everyday Operations," announced the head of the Russian Defense Ministry, Sergei Shoigu. However, meticulous journalists from the Moscow Komsomolets have already sniffed that the Supreme Intelligence Agency will also be part of the Stavka with expanded functionality. That, to admit, is quite logical: competently organized intelligence work is half the success. "In fact, Sergei Shoigu creates for Vladimir Putin a backup analogue of the government - with a reduced functionality, but with greater efficiency."
In Moscow, on the Frunzenskaya embankment, the Stavka will be in peacetime conditions. In general, it will have not only a basic location, but it is also an underground bunker in the same place, as well as a system of reserve, field and air command posts. In peacetime, all conditions will be created so that in the event of real fighting, a real war, President Vladimir Putin would be delivered to a protected command post, air or reserve, but would not remain in Moscow.


I arrived here at VMWorld 2014 in San Francisco yesterday (Saturday) and the conference doesn't actually start until tomorrow (Monday) so for the sake of organization I'm going to refer to the events of the past couple of days as Day 0. Yesterday after arriving and getting checked into the hotel I found myself right on time for registration to open up so I walked down. One of the nice thing about the conference being here in SFO is that most hotels are within a 1/2 mile walk to the Moscone. I was very surprised when I got there in that I believed myself to be coming very early and found a pretty significant line. It seems everybody comes early for this one. After that Jet Lag for the most part won and the rest of the day was given to getting past that with the notable exceptions of checking out both the vBeers and Community Kickoff events. Neither of these were sponsored events but well worth the time for the conversation.
So today evidently started with a Bucket List for many that in true Jim form I slept through. At approximately 3:20 AM Sunday a magnitude 6.0 earthquake shook the Bay Area, the largest since 1989. I'm not sure if my sleeping through it is a measure of how tired I was or how comfy Marriott beds are, but nonetheless I missed it entirely and learned about it as friends back home started checking on me. Once up is when the schedule got crazy and I will use today to illustrate just how busy these things are.
7:30-9:45 – Catch shuttle from Moscone West to the VMWorld Fun Run 5k at the beautiful Crissy Field, literally in the shadows of the Golden Gate Bridge. Included in the time is the shuttle back and forth in addition to actually running the race (29:04 was my time for those keeping track).
10:00-12:00 – I had a few months back scheduled both the run and my VCP5-DCV at 11 AM without thinking about the time constraints. So I found myself going in and taking my exam, successfully (yay!), stinky and still in my running clothes.
1:00-4:00 PM – As I mentioned in my last post VMWorld seems to do a great job of facilitating the community to interact. New this year to VMWorld the guys from vBrownBag and vmUnderground came together to create Opening Acts, a series of 6 panel discussions with some of the brightest minds in the fields including Social Media & your career, Storage, Networking, Cloud, Automation, and Infrastructure. I have to say I learned a great deal from these sessions and when the videos get posted I highly recommend them.
4:00-6:30 PM – The welcome reception of in the vendor area for any conference as best I can tell is when the swag free for all is in full force. Vmware's is no different. I tend to take the conservative approach of only hitting booths that a) I'm already a customer of or b) have a legitimate interest in the products so I won't mind hearing from them. Even with that my backpack was heaping.
8:00-? – The evidently legendary VMUnderground party is tonight in the same space as Opening Acts today. I'll be attending hoping to blow off some steam and reach out and meet some new people in our industry.
With all that said, it looks to be time to go and I'll try to update with some pictures tomorrow.
A little over one week from now I will be hopping a flight to San Francisco for VMWare's VMworld Conference, my first, held at the ever popular Moscone Center. Last year I had the privilege of attending Cisco Systems' Cisco Live but from everything I've seen, read and heard as well as my experience in getting even to this point VMWorld seems to be a bit of a different animal. In this post I'll cover some of my impressions so far and things I'm looking forward to as well as a list of the sessions that I'm (at least at this point) scheduled to attend.
In terms of the price of the conference and directly related matters (outside educational events, community shindigs) VMWorld is pretty reasonable with a standard cost of $1995 knocked down to $1695 if you register early. There also a variety of ways to even get discounts under that. In my case I was supposed to be eligible for another $100 off either because I am a VCP or from my VMUG Advantage subscription, but because of a computer system flub on their part they showed me as an Alumni of VMWorld giving me another $100, making the final $1495. I offered it up as a mistake and they said to let it go. Further I opted for the $55 5k fun run Sunday morning which isn't bad as well as the vBrownBag/ VMUnderground Opening Acts panel educational series Sunday afternoon at the great value of free. I highly recommend these as the line up looks great, filled with a who's who of the virtualization social world riffing on a variety of topics.
Past that the costs get a little nuts when compared to my experience last year for Cisco in Orlando, FL. You really couldn't even get in the door of the conference hotels for less than $270 a night and even then many of the available options filled up within the first two weeks of registration being open. Compare that to the $139 a night I paid for the Courtyard 2 blocks from the venue in Orlando. Further I've been told to expect higher than normal costs for food (the conference food is evidently atrocious and I shouldn't really consider that an option) as well as flight cost for going across country and it really starts to add up.
To truly condense what I think I know about VMWorld in comparing to CLUS so far is while there is a healthy dose of outside get togethers available at CLUS VMWorld vendors seem to take the sponsored events to a whole other level. Every single night, including Saturday when I get in there is multiple vendor or community sponsored events going on, almost all of which start with a "v," vBreakfast, vStogies, vBeers, vFlipCup vOdgeball, etc. They even go so far as to provide a iCalendar with nothing but theSocial Events. Further one of the nice things that I'm not personally going to be able to utilize this year is a regular's wife organizes a variety of sponsored activities for the spouses who decide to travel as well called, aptly, Spousetivities.
All of this lends itself to the basic idea that one of the things that VMWare has fostered very well is the sense of community; that while the conference itself provides a trove of education through its sessions and such the true value of the conference is the uniting of a community that is already integrated through social media. Last year I dutifully attended a large number of sessions at CiscoLive where I truly learned a great deal, but it was the time just casually discussing things in the Social Media Hub where I truly felt enriched by the experience. VMWare seems to understand this as well.
As I sat down to write this and dumped the list of sessions which I've scheduled to do so I realized that I've scheduled more than I thought I had. Another thing that I learned last year is that sessions that seemed like a great idea before hand don't seem that great when you are in the middle of a conversation regarding a topic you are very much so interested in with people you consider far smarter than yourself. I had this thought a number of times with people such as Chris Wahl, Jody Lemoine, Amy Arnold, and Jake Snyder. So for that reason I don't think I'm going to find myself shy this year to hop on the VMWorld app and dump myself out of sessions if the timing isn't right. The beauty of these major conferences is that all the sessions are recorded and later access is included in the cost of attendance.
As you can tell my focus this year is really on storage, something I know I'm a bit weak on but also a topic that is currently my employer's greatest need at this time. Other than that I'm really looking forward to a lot of the panel discussions with many of the names I've come to know in the community.
I could really go on and on with things that have irked me a bit, but my take on it is that the organization of VMWare's conference really doesn't seem to ramp up on the same time frame as Cisco, I feel like Cisco at any point in time is working at least a year or two in advance on all facets of the get together, where the feeling for me with VMworld is about 6 months out somebody went "oh crap, we forgot to plan the conference!" It might be completely off base but that's where I'm at.
All in all though I am very much so looking forward to the event. Truthfully I've never been further west than Minnesota so the idea of California is appealing in and of itself, but the opportunity to get together with some of the brightest minds in virtualization today as well as seeing what next both from VMWare as well as their related vendors is appealing to say the least.
If you're going I hope to see you there and if you want to get together feel free to reach me @k00laidIT.
Ahead of its annual Vmworld conference (which I will be attending this year, yay!) VMware has announced the version 6.0 of its vSphere line of products including ESXi, vCenter and just about every other VMware related topic I've written about here. The company has chosen to mix it up a little bit this year in that they have made the beta program itself public, but in joining the actual program you are required to sign a NDA keeping anything you learn private. To me I take this to mean that while the wire structure is there this is still very much a work in progress, with the community at large having the opportunity to greatly influence what we are going to be seeing in the final product.
As I cannot directly talk about anything I'm learning from the beta itself I highly recommend anybody with a little space to lab go sign up for the beta, start providing feedback and try it out for yourself. Instead what I'm going to discuss here is my wish list for things to be included when 6.0 finally hits gold as well as the basics of the long discussed Virtual Volumes product that was released into beta along with vSphere.
As I mentioned above, the beta for vSphere 6 requires a non-disclosure agreement, even if it is open to the public. To learn what is actually coming in vSphere 6 I urge you to go join the beta for yourself as there is a great deal of information in there for those who wish to really learn and understand the product(s). Below is a list of things that generically myself and a great many others very much so wish to see as this release comes to be.
HTML 5 based web client- Seriously VMware, 2005 called and wants its website back. The current iteration of the web client is based on Adobe Flash which means proprietary code, security bug and no iPads. In a day and time when you have available open standards to allow for similar functionality, why aren't you using it?
Fix SSO/ Directly utilize AD/LDAP for an identity source- SSO got better with vSphere 5.5 as compared to 5.0 and 5.1, but I am still flummoxed by the idea that Vmware feels that they need to reinvent the authentication wheel. I would guess that the implementations they are in where there isn't already some form of available authentication source such as Active Directory or Kerberos are few. Please leverage those system and cut out the middle man.
Greater IPv6- IPv6 support has been around for a while but if utilized in vSphere 5 it will break some things and still requires you to at least have a IPv4 loopback configured.
Marvin related things- VMware has been hinting at this all summer, the super-secret "Project Marvin." There is a little real information and a lot of speculation going on around the internet. Essentially it is described as "the first hyperconverged infrastructure appliance" leading many to think that either VMware is about to get into the hardware game or is partnering with somebody to do the same.
VVOLs is the storage of VM files directly on the storage system without a LUN middle man.
If you think about all the different ways you utilize storage with your virtualization strategy this makes even more sense. You can take snapshots and create at both the VM and LUN level, what if they are one and the same?
Of course this is not going to be possible without some support from vendor ecosphere and that apparently is coming in droves. As VVOLS enters into the beta program alongside vSphere 6 we are seeing demonstrations of support from a variety of storage providers including Dell, NetApp, EMC, HP, Nimble Storage, Solid Fire, Tintri and open beta programs from HP, NetApp, IBM and Dell.
To really take the deep dive into what VVOLs is and how to implement I recommend reading these posts from Cormac Hogan and Duncan Epping as well as enrolling in the beta for yourself if you have some supported hardware.


Historically, Engineers learned much about bridge building through the spectacular failures of existing bridges. Should we accept this practice as a legitimate way of learning more about Bridge Building in the 21st century? Or should modern testing techniques eliminate these failures? Explain your answer.
In 1980 a freighter struck the Sunshine Skyway Bridge in Tampa, Florida during bad weather. The bridge collapsed and 35 people were killed. Is it fair to call this incident a "freak accident," or was it an engineering mistake that no one foresaw the possibility of a freighter striking the support column on the bridge? Explain you answer.


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Home Wine & Ratings
A Wine-Inspired Playlist from a Pop Star Who Knows Her Syrah
By Matt Kettmann
The "Glamorous" pop star, who was a member of the Black Eyed Peas before striking out on a solo career, creates Ferguson Crest wines on her Santa Ynez Estate. Here, she shares her favorite playlist to sing along to while sipping her 2015 Ferguson Crest Private Reserve Syrah, as well as what the pairings evoke for her.
"Always a family affair," she says. "This unexpected mix of family gems pairs perfectly with the notes in our 2015 estate grown Syrah."
Summer Wine by Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazlewood
Fergie: "Or any season, really."
Spill the Wine by Eric Burdon & War
Fergie: "Bottle into the glass."
Don't You Worry 'Bout a Thing by Stevie Wonder
Fergie: "No worries."
Subscribe to Wine Enthusiast Newsletters Get the latest news, reviews, recipes and gear sent to your inbox.
Sexy by The Black Eyed Peas
Fergie: "Got me tipsy."
'Mother Nature is a Fascinating Beast,' Says Alecia Moore, a.k.a. Pink
Kids by MGMT
Fergie: "Control yourself. Just kidding!"
Bad to the Bone by George Thorogood and The Destroyers
Fergie: "Feeling naughty…"
Black Dog by Led Zeppelin
Fergie: "Gon' make you groove."
Crimson and Clover by Joan Jett and The Blackhearts
Fergie: "To pontificate."
Be My Baby by The Ronettes
Fergie: "We'll make 'em turn their heads…"
Little Red Corvette by Prince
Fergie: "Have you got enough gas—or wine?"
Where Is My Mind by Pixies
Fergie: "Ask yourself."
Porcelain by Moby
Fergie: "Kaleidoscopic mind…"
Velvet by Fergie
Fergie: "What a gorgeous ride…"
When the Party's Over by Billie Eilish
Fergie: "Self-explanatory."
Topics: Culture Issue

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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XFINITY: Josh Wise nearly pulls second last-place sweep of 2016
SOURCE: Rubbin's Racin' Forums, FS1
Josh Wise picked up the 5th last-place finish of his NASCAR XFINITY Series career in Saturday's ToyotaCare 250 at the Richmond International Raceway when his unsponsored #93 RSS Racing Chevrolet fell out with transmission issues after 7 of 149 laps.
The finish, which came in Wise's 146th series start, was his second of the season and first since Texas, two races ago.
Edged by 17 laps for his second-straight last-place finish at Bristol by Matt DiBenedetto, Wise returned to the second RSS Racing entry for Richmond, again as a team driver to Ryan Sieg. This set the preliminary entry list at 41 entries - until TriStar switched Jeff Green from their #10 to the #14 previously driven by J.J. Yeley, temporarily placed Matt DiBenedetto back in the #10, then withdrew the #10 altogether. This meant that Wise would be guaranteed a starting spot in both the heat races and the main event even before time trials.
Wise impressed with a 14th-fastest lap in the lone practice session, but when qualifying was rained-out, he remained 19th on the grid for the 20-car Heat Race #2. Wise pulled off the track after 8 laps, securing him the 40th and final spot for the main event. In this, too, he exited in the early stages, pulling behind the wall after 7 laps to secure the last-place finish.
Finishing 39th was Morgan Shepherd, who bounced back from three consecutive DNQs to make the show in his #89 Racing With Jesus / Courtney Construction Chevrolet. Shepherd pulled off the track after 12 laps with suspension issues. 38th went to the #40 Motorsports Business Management Dodge of Carl Long, who in four XFINITY starts this season has finished in every position inside the Bottom Five except 40th. 37th went to Jeff Green, who made it more than half distance in TriStar's #14 before brake issues ended his day. Rounding out the group was Mike Harmon, whose tangle with Erik Jones on Lap 127 damaged Harmon's black unsponsored #74 Dodge.
Ryan Sieg, Wise's RSS Racing teammate, finished 21st and slipped just one position to 12th in the point standings. Wise went on to finish 39th in Sunday's Cup race driving The Motorsports Group's #30 Curtis Key Plumbing Chevrolet. He finished on the same lap as last-place finisher Reed Sorenson's #55 ChampionMachinery.com Chevrolet (LINK), but was denied his second last-place sweep of 2016.
LASTCAR STATISTICS
*This is the first last-place finish for both Wise and the #93 in an XFINITY Series race at Richmond.
THE BOTTOM FIVE
40) #93-Josh Wise / 7 laps / transmission
39) #89-Morgan Shepherd / 12 laps / suspension
38) #40-Carl Long / 17 laps / brakes
37) #14-Jeff Green / 104 laps / brakes
36) #74-Mike Harmon / 123 laps / crash
2016 LASTCAR XFINITY SERIES DRIVER'S CHAMPIONSHIP
1st) Jeff Green (3)
2nd) Matt DiBenedetto, Josh Wise (2)
3rd) Ryan Preece (1)
2016 LASTCAR XFINITY SERIES OWNER'S CHAMPIONSHIP
1st) TriStar Motorsports (5)
2nd) RSS Racing (2)
3rd) JD Motorsports (1)
2016 LASTCAR XFINITY SERIES MANUFACTURER'S CHAMPIONSHIP
1st) Toyota (5)
2nd) Chevrolet (3)
Posted by Brock Beard at 4:26 PM
Hey Brock,
The 89 did not finish last. Gotta love that guy and his skates.
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by Brock Beard
40 drivers start a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race. 38 fill the grid in the XFINITY Series. 32 take the green in Trucks. Yet, even when the field is short, only a handful of these stories are ever told.
The mission of LASTCAR.info is to fill in these missing pieces one week at a time, especially regarding the least-covered racers in motorsports - the last-place finishers.
Since 2009, LASTCAR.info has covered the untold "race" for the most last-place finishes in NASCAR history - and, in doing so, continues to chronicle the trials and triumphs of those who race for something more meaningful than victory: survival.
New NASCAR articles and statistical updates are added following each Monster Energy NASCAR Cup, XFINITY, and Camping World Truck Series race weekend, plus driver features, historical retrospectives, editorials, and more.
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Past Race Reviews
5/7/72: Marty Robbins' restrictor-plate prank send...
CUP: Open Team Roundup - Richmond
CUP: Reed Sorenson scores first last-place run for...
XFINITY: Josh Wise nearly pulls second last-place ...
2/23/86: Eddie Bierschwale gets Hylton's ride, exi...
CUP: Open Team Roundup - Bristol
CUP: Reed Sorenson's first last-place run since 20...
XFINITY: Matt DiBenedetto last on Saturday, scores...
7/25/65: David Pearson's first last-place finish c...
CUP: Open Team Roundup - Texas
CUP / XFINITY: Josh Wise sweeps both last-place fi...
4/2/2000: Jerry Nadeau tangles with teammate Gordo...
CUP: Open Team Roundup - Martinsville
CUP: Engine sours on Aric Almirola's throwback rid...
TRUCKS: For the first time more than 10 years, Joh...
INTERVIEW: Norm Benning struggling under NASCAR's ...
LASTCAR's Official Definition of a "Last-Place Finisher" (LPF)
For LASTCAR purposes, including rankings and statistics, a "last-place finisher" (LPF) shall be defined as any single NASCAR driver who, after earning a starting spot in the field for a NASCAR-sanctioned points-paying race against other NASCAR Cup, XFINITY, or Truck Series drivers, was at race's conclusion classified as the last-ranked qualified driver in the field for said race. This classification must be recognized on official NASCAR results, or failing this, by a preponderance of unofficial sources. Only one driver can be classified as the LPF for any single NASCAR-sanctioned race.
So long as the above is met, the LPF can be any one driver classified as such for any reason, including but not limited to (1) a "did not start," that is, an entrant who qualifies for a starting spot in the race, but for any reason is subsequently unable to start the event, including a post-qualifying driver switch if it is still recognized as the LPF in the results (2) an entrant who encounters an event once the race has started which prevents the driver from finishing ahead of any other qualified entrants, including both DNFs and a driver who finishes under power but laps down, (3) a decision to "start and park" the driver's entry, (4) a disqualification handed down by NASCAR and/or track officials that subsequently classifies the driver in the final position behind the unofficial LPF.
LASTCAR shall not consider the LPF as anything else, including but not limited to (1) the lowest-ranked driver who finishes the race under power, (2) the fastest driver who does not qualify for the event in question, (3) a driver who was originally the LPF, but sometime after the race was usurped for the spot by a disqualified entrant NASCAR and/or track officials classified as the official LPF, (4) a driver who may be categorized as finishing last for exhibition events (these entrants shall be ranked only in the rankings for that event, and not commingled with LPFs).
In the rare event where official results or a preponderance of unofficial results are later updated with more accurate information about who was the LPF for that event, LASTCAR rankings and statistics shall be updated to reflect that change.
As Seen On NASCAR.com!
Mark Aumann's "Retro Racing" - February 16, 2010
More of My Stuff
BSGN: Brock's Starting Grid Network
Doin' Donuts @ RaceTalkRadio.com
Karaoke for NASCAR Fans (2006-2008)
Brock Beard
I am an author, journalist, and NASCAR historian who has followed professional stock car racing - and its underdogs - since 1991.
Neil Bonnett (1946-1994)
H.B. Bailey (1936-2003)
Dick Trickle (1941-2013)
Jason Leffler (1975-2013)
Billy Standridge (1953-2014)
Jack Sellers (1944-2016)
James Harvey Hylton (1934-2018)
J.D. McDuffie (1938-1991)
Original KFNF Feature - 2007
Marty Burke Interview - 2011
25th Anniversary Book Excerpt - 2016
This is an unofficial NASCAR website. All articles, original art, and other entries are (c) Brock Beard. All car photos were captured from SPEED Channel, Jayski, FOX, ESPN, and TheHotLap.com, or their credited source.


text:
Orvis /Norwegian Elkhound - All About Dogs
The Norwegian Elkhound—the National Dog of Norway—is an ancient spitz-type dog that was prized by Vikings as a hunter, guardian, and companion. The loyal dogs were buried with their masters, an act reserved for the Vikings' most treasured items that would be necessary when they reached Valhalla, or the afterlife. Elkhounds are a hardworking breed with a goofy side: they refuse to take life too seriously. The spunky little Elkhound has a powerful bark—which was key in the job of moose hunter. Though you can try to train them not to bark, Elkhounds will bark—it's in their DNA, so it's just a fact of Elkhound companionship. This good-natured companion was developed as an independent-thinking dog. Consistent, positive training methods from an owner who doesn't give an inch is necessary—they may not be an ideal match for a first-time dog owner.
Norwegian Elkhounds are also known as Norsk Elghund, Norwegian Moose Dog, and Elkhound.
Coat - The Norwegian Elkhound's thick double coat is weather-resistant. The undercoat is wooly and dense and is covered with a straight overcoat. The hair is shorter on the ears, face, and legs. The coat is gray, with some variation in shade caused by the black-tipped overcoat.
Male: 55 Pounds
Female: 48 Pounds
The Norwegian Elkhound has a square profile with balanced proportions. A broad head is topped with high-set, erect ears that display alertness and affection via ear movement. A muscular neck and strong back offer a hardy appearance. A tightly-curled tail is high-set and carried over the back. The thick, weather-resistant coat is comprised of a soft, dense undercoat and a straight overcoat. Natural presentation is required, with no trimming, clipping, or treatment. The gray coloring may show some variation due to the black tips and guard hairs—but should be darkest at the saddle and lighter on the chest, mane, and harness mark. The Norwegian Elkhound is bold and energetic, friendly, and independent. – AKC Breed Standards
With a history that stretches back even before the Viking age, the Norwegian Elkhound is a Nordic relic. The dogs kept by Vikings were prized as hunting dogs, protectors, and companions—and were even buried alongside the families they served. The Vikings' dogs were likely the result of breeding between wolves and domesticated dogs from the south. The modern Norwegian Elkhound is likely descended from the Viking's prized canines.
Their name, 'Norsk Elghund,' translates to Norwegian Moose Dog—elk is the name given to moose in Europe. Elkhounds and hunters would team up to hunt moose, with the dog tracking and cornering the moose while barking to alert the hunters, then the hunter dispatching the quarry. Though popular in Norway, it wasn't until 1877 that the Norwegian Hunters Association hosted a dog show, which brought some interest to the breed. By 1923, interest had spread, and the British Elkhound Society was formed. American gained its own Norwegian Elkhound Association in 1930, and the AKC recognized the breed in 1953.
Hound Group
Steadfast Norwegian Elkhounds are alert and intelligent, with a playful nature. They are bold and confident, natural guardians. Their watchful nature doesn't make them any less friendly or playful—with family and strangers alike. The Elkhound's confidence and intelligence may result in a strong-willed dog with a mind of his own, so early training from a confident owner is key.
Are Norwegian Elkhounds Good with Kids? Norwegian Elkhounds tend to love children and are often a great match for a household with kids, if both child and dog are taught how to interact with each other safely. Older kids are recommended, as the Elkhound can be rambunctious. Dominant behaviors toward both children and adults should be discouraged.
Are Norwegian Elkhounds Good with Other Pets? Other dogs and dog-experienced cats can usually live with a Norwegian Elkhound, but the Elkhound's prey drive and dominant nature may result in chasing or bossy behaviors. Early socialization with other pets can help create a peaceful living situation.
Protective by nature, an alert bark will always signal the approach of any newcomer—friend, stranger, squirrel, or bird—but the Elkhound's bark is rarely followed by anything but cheerful, bouncy greetings. Elkhounds make fantastic watchdogs, but they are not guard dogs.
The Norwegian Elkhound is an active, high-energy dog who requires lots of exercise.
Known to bark
Loves to bounce and jump up
Needs at least an hour of exercise per day
May display dominant behavior
Independent and strong willed
Not ideal for a first-time dog owner without an obedience class to reinforce training.
Can be standoffish with new people without proper socialization
Indoor With plenty of exercise and entertainment, the Norwegian Elkhound can adapt to many living situations, including apartments. Elkhounds tend to bark—whether or not there's something to bark at. In order for the Elkhound to be a well-behaved companion indoors, plenty of exercise and mental stimulation are necessary.
Outdoor Time outdoors—with family—is some of the Norwegian Elkhound's favorite. They love the cold and snow, and are comfortable in most weather conditions. They shouldn't be expected to live outdoors full-time due to their strong desire to be near people. They are known to wander, especially if a critter crosses their path, so fenced areas, leashes, and a solid recall are important for the Elkhound.
Exercise At least an hour of exercise per day is necessary for the energetic Norwegian Elkhound. More exercise means a happier Elkhound.
Endurance This hardy working breed is built for hiking, running, swimming, and playing. Without enough exercise, the Elkhound may be difficult to manage. The breed is also prone to weight gain, and exercise can help prevent obesity.
Running Miles: Running up to five miles may be no problem for the robust Norwegian Elkhound.
Hiking Miles: Elkhounds in good health may be able to hike a full day—hikes should be on leash, unless a solid recall has been mastered, as this breed has a high prey drive and wanderlust.
Food Norwegian Elkhounds are food-motivated and prone to overeating. The breed responds well to treats during training sessions. The recommended diet for most Elkhounds is about 2 to 2 ½ cups of high-quality dry food daily, based on the dog's average weight and activity level. This amount should be split between two meals, or can be offered in a food-dispensing puzzle toy.
Norwegian Elkhounds do not tend to guard their food, but children should never be allowed to touch or remove food while any dog is eating.
Alone Time Though they prefer spending time with family, the Norwegian Elkhound may be able to stay home alone for five to eight hours. They are natural barkers and will likely 'serenade' neighbors while you are away. Providing plenty of exercise and mental stimulation can help the Elkhound behave while you are away, but crate training may help prevent destructive behaviors.
The double coat of the Norwegian Elkhound releases dirt and debris easily, but your furniture and house will benefit from weekly brushing to capture shedding fur. Bathing should be done only as necessary. Trimming nails regularly will help prevent painful splitting, cracking, or a broken nail.
Breed-specific concerns in the Norwegian Elkhound can include:
Sebaceous cysts
Fanconi syndrome
Eye concerns
You can minimize serious health concerns in a Norwegian Elkhound by purchasing him from a reputable breeder who engages in responsible breeding practices, and through screening for common diseases and conditions.
Though intelligent, the Norwegian Elkhound is easily bored by repetitive tasks. Keep training fun and interesting for the Elkhound. Early training with positive reinforcement techniques and plenty of high-impact treats will help the Elkhound learn basic obedience. They may be manipulative and strong-willed—a consistent and patient trainer and a sense of humor are keys to training success.
Help the Elkhound burn off excess energy through agility, flyball, advanced tricks, and other activities. Obedience training isn't the Norwegian Elkhound's favorite, but dog sports and task-related training will keep him happy. The more you do to exercise the Elkhound's body and mind, the happier he will be.
The Norwegian Elkhound has fantastic tracking skills: he performs well in tracking competitions and can be trained for search and rescue.
A hunting instinct has stuck with the Norwegian Elkhound for centuries, and some people still use the breed to track and hunt. Though they're still used in Norway for moose hunting, they're more often kept as companions in the US. Training a Norwegian Elkhound as a sporting dog is a possibility if you appreciate the breed's independent hunting style.
Can you get a Black Norwegian Elkhound?
Black Norwegian Elkhounds are found in Scandinavia, but are not part of the Norwegian Elkhound breed recognized by the AKC. They are a newer type of Elkhound developed in the 19th century, and while the breeds are related, there are differences in appearance and temperament.
The AKC Breed Standard calls for the Norwegian Elkhound to be gray, any other color is considered a disqualification. Gray Norwegian Elkhound puppies are born black, and their coats lighten to the standard gray with black-tipped fur within a few weeks.
Why is it called an Elkhound if it doesn't hunt Elk?
Though they're called Elkhound, they were used for hunting moose. The name seems misleading, until you consider the Nordic name—Norsk Elghund—translates to Norwegian Moose Dog. Elk actually refers to what Americans call a moose.
Are there dwarf Norwegian Elkhounds?
Though they were not bred to be short, some litters of Norwegian Elkhounds produce puppies with a genetic mutation called chondrodysplasia, or dwarfism. Some breeds like Dachshunds and Corgis are selectively bred for the long, low dog appearance but when the Elkhound shows this trait, it's considered a genetic abnormality. Because it is a hereditary trait, dogs who produce puppies with dwarfism, and affected puppies, should not be bred.


Spurs can move closer to leaders Liverpool at 10 a.m. ET as part of five kickoffs in the Premier League ahead of the big match between Arsenal and the Reds at Anfield.
Tottenham opens the day six points behind Liverpool and a point ahead of third place Man City, while Wolves have again hit a rough patch after a winning streak.
Meanwhile, Leicester City, Watford, and Everton are all trying to put some heat on Manchester United in the race to pluck a Top Six spot.


When you visit a restaurant that is self-proclaimed 'pan-asian', your first thoughts might be how likely it would be for the restaurant to perfect the culinary complexities of the vast variety in cooking styles of Asian countries. In the case of Chi Kitchen in Debenhams on Oxford Street, worry not because the restaurateur behind this project is none other than Eddie Lim, who owns Mango Tree and Chai Wu in Harrods.
If you're looking to get a drink with a view from above, check our Top 5 Rooftop Bars in Amsterdam. 1. SkyLounge SkyLounge is probably Amsterdam's most famous rooftop bar.
Mustard is the latest brainchild of restauranteurs, Lawrence Hartley and Tim Healy who are behind the ever popular Joe Allen and Orso in the West End.


text:
Militära grader i Waffen-SS visar tjänstegraderna och gradbeteckningarna i Waffen-SS. Till skillnad från de paramilitära graderna i Allgemeine SS och de delar av Gestapo och Sicherheitsdienst som var förenade med SS var tjänstegraderna i Waffen-SS militära grader. Dessutom visas truppslagsfärgerna i Waffen-SS.

Grader och gradbeteckningar

Källa:

Truppslagsfärger med mera
De två lägsta graderna i Waffen-SS, hade specialbenämningar efter vilket truppslag de tillhörde.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Truppslag och personalkårer
!colspan="2"|Truppslagsfärg
!Exempel
!SS-Schütze
!SS-Oberschütze

|-1
|rowspan="2"| Infanteri* Grenadjärer* Pansargrenadjärer
|rowspan="2"|Vitt||rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:white"|
|align="center" style="background:white"| ||rowspan="2"|<small>SS-GrenadierSS-Panzergrenadier||rowspan="2"|<small>SS-ObergrenadierSS-Panzerobergrenadier
|-
|align="center" style="background:white"|

|-2
|rowspan="2"|ArtilleriTruppluftvärnRaketartilleri
|rowspan="2" |Scharlakansrött ||rowspan="2" style="background:red; color:white"|
|align="center" style="background:white"| ||rowspan="2"|<small>SS-KanonierSS-SchützeSS-Kanonier||rowspan="2"|<small>SS-OberkanonierSS-OberschützeSS-Oberkanonier
|-
|align="center" |

|-3
|IngenjörstrupperFältarbetsförband
|Svart
|align="center" style="background:black; color:white"|
|||SS-Pionier|| SS-Oberpionier

|-4
|SignaltrupperPropagandatrupper
| Citrongul ||align = "center" style = "background:#FFEE00"|
|align = "center" style = "background:white"| ||<small>SS-FunkerSS-Schütze||<small>SS-OberfunkerSS-Oberschütze

|-5
|PansartrupperPansarjägare
|Rosa||align="center" style="background:#FF99CC; color:white"|
|align="center" style="background:white"|||<small>SS-PanzerschützeSS-Schütze||<small>SS-PanzeroberschützeSS-Oberschütze

|-6
|RyttarförbandMotoriserade spaningsförband
|Guldgul ||align="center" style="background:#Ffcf0f"|
|align="center" style="background:white"|||<small>SS-ReiterSS-Schütze ||<small>SS-OberreiterSS-Oberschütze

|-7
|Trängtrupper
|Ljusblått ||align="center" style = "background:#ADD8E6; color:white"|
|align="center" style = "background:white"|||<small>SS-FahrerSS-Kraftfahrer ||<small>SS-OberfahrerSS-Oberkraftfahrer

|-8
|Fältläkarkåren och sjukvårdstrupperna
|Blåklintsblått||align ="center" style ="background:#6495ED; color:white"|
|align ="center" style ="background:white"| ||<small>SS-Schütze ||<small>SS-Oberschütze

|-9
|Tekniska befälFeldgendarmerieRekryteringPersonalvårdsbefäl
|Brandgul||align = "center" style ="background:#ff8000; color:white"|
|align = "center" style ="background:white"| ||saknade motsvarighetSS-Feldgendarm ||<small>saknade motsvarighet

|-9a
|Totenkopfverbände
|Ljusbrun ||align="center" style="background:burlywood; color:black"|
|align="center" style="background:burlywood; color:black"|   ||SS-Schütze||SS-Oberschütze

|-10
|Generalspersoner Generalstabskåren
| Ljusgrått ||align="center" style="background:#e8e8e8; color:black"|     ||align="center" style="background:white"|   ||<small>saknade motsvarighet ||<small>saknade motsvarighet

|-11
|Militärgeologiförband
|Ljust laxrosa ||align="center" style = "background:#ffa07a; color:white"|
|align="center" style = "background:white"| ||SS-Schütze||SS-Oberschütze

|-12
|Fältveterinärkåren och veterinärtrupperna
|Karmosinröd ||align="center" style="background:#960018; color:white"|
|align="center" style="background:white"| ||SS-Reiter ||SS-Oberreiter

|-13
|Auditörer
|Vinröd ||align="center" style = "background:#800032; color:white"|
|align="center" style = "background:white"| ||<small>saknade motsvarighet ||<small>saknade motsvarighet

|-14
|Intendenter
|Klarblått ||align = "center" style = "background:blue; color:white"|
|align = "center" style = "background:white"| ||<small>saknade motsvarighet ||<small>saknade motsvarighet

|-15
|RFSS personliga stab
| Mörkgrått ||align="center" style="background:#808080; color:black"|     ||align="center" style="background:white"|
||<small>saknade motsvarighet ||<small>saknade motsvarighet

|-16
|Gebirgsjäger
|Gräsgrönt ||align="center" style="background:#60c000"|
|align="center" style="background:white"| ||SS-Jäger ||SS-Oberjäger

|-7
|Verkstadsförband
|Laxrosa ||align="center" style = "background:  #E9967A; color:black"|
|align="center" style = "background:white"|   ||SS-Schütze||SS-Oberschütze

|-
|}
Källa:

 Referenser
Litteratur
 Mollo, Andrew (1992), Uniforms of the SS (6): Waffen-SS'', London.

Noter

Se även
Stabsscharführer
Militära grader under andra världskriget

SS
Militära insignier
Militära grader i Tyskland
Militära grader under andra världskriget

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: What is the interval of convergence of $\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac{x^n}{\log n}$? I just wanted to ensure that my interval of convergence is correct: We have $$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac{x^n}{\log n}.$$
My approach: I applied the ratio test and ended up with $x\cdot\log(n)/\log(n+1)$. Because the right fraction goes to $1$ as $n$ goes to infinity, the series converges absolutely for$ |x|< 1$. For $1$ and $-1$, I just plugged it into the series and concluded, that for $-1$ it converges and for $1$ it diverges. Appreciate any help.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's hard not to be completely starry-eyed about the flood of products coming in from South Korea, which has in the past few years (and counting) established itself as the epicenter of cool beauty. And the imports (essences! Mists! pH-balancing toners!) totally live up to the hype. But the instant popularity of the cushion compact stumped me. My friends raved about them while I sat perplexed and confused, like a moderate voter at a Trump rally. Why would I quit my tinted moisturizer for this stuff? Was I just not drinking the Kool-Aid? Did I not give it a fair chance? So I decided to ask the pros.
What's actually in a cushion compact?
Think of it as a BB cream in compact form. "In Korea, the cushion compact is considered a fusion of skin care and makeup because it doesn't just cover your skin, it also improves its look, feel, and health," says Charlotte Cho, founder of Korean beauty e-tailer Sokoglam.com. The compact houses a sponge soaked with the formula, which usually offer sheer coverage and skincare benefits (think sunscreen, hydration, and even anti-aging ingredients). Missha Signature Essence Cushion ($35, sokoglam.com) pairs brightening birch sap with moisture-magnetic hyaluronic acid, while Iope Air Cushion Sunblock XP ($38, peachandlily.com)—of which one is sold every six seconds in Korea—offers a whopping SPF of 50. In Amorepacific's Color Control Cushion Compact SPF 50 ($60, sephora.com), the base is bamboo sap, which mimics the moisturizing factors found naturally in skin.
But what does this offer that my normal foundation doesn't?
The travel factor is probably one of the biggest. "I love it because the liquid formula looks natural but it is easier to travel with a compact than heavy glass bottles," says makeup artist Nick Barose, who loves Lancome Miracle Cushion Foundation (pictured above) because it hydrates skin and gives a luminous glow. But that doesn't mean you should reserve it for weekend trips and long flights. In Korea, women carry their compacts around in their bag and use it for touch-ups throughout the day. "They're usually formulated with sunscreen, so you can reapply it over your makeup and can get sun protection all day long," explains Cho.
What does the cushion itself actually do?
The cushion itself is integral to the performance of the formula. "It transforms the liquid formula into a lighter emulsion," explains Nathalie Paiva, director of marketing at Korean skincare brand Amorepacific. "It's made with the same base material that was once used in ancient Asian stamp and seal practices, which maintain and preserve liquid emulsion in its optimal state." In less scientific terms: It makes the foundation formula a little lighter and delivers less product in each dab, so it's pretty much impossible to cake the stuff on (although you could if you really tried).
Doesn't the sponge get gross if it goes back and forth between your face and the compact?
This used to be a problem, but many of the sponges that come included with the products are anti-bacterial and anti-microbial, meaning the risk of transferring bacteria is pretty low. "The blue applicator sponges you see from brands are made out of rubycell technology, which means it's antimicrobial and antibacterial," says Cho. "That being said, you can never be too sanitary or safe, so feel free to wash your sponges with a mild soap and lukewarm water." Plus, most of the compacts are airtight, so they won't turn into a breeding ground (important, since the combo of dampness and darkness make a happy home for microbes). "The snap-lid over the cushion prevents the formula from drying out," adds Paiva.
Can I use my foundation brush or (clean) fingers instead of the sponge?
Nope. "The applicator sponge wicks off just the right amount of foundation for airbrush-like coverage," says Cho. It just won't have the same seamless effect if you jab your brush in there. If you're not used to the sponge applicator, try folding it to fit different areas. "Gently pat it while it's flat to smooth over wide areas, like your cheeks," says Barose. "Then, fold in half and use the pointy part to get hard-to-reach areas like the inner corners, under the eyes, and the sides of nose."
How does this fit in my routine? Should I toss my foundation?
Even though it might be called a "cushion foundation," this is not a replacement for your foundation. Think of it as "foundation lite" for when you're having a really Good Skin Day or you just don't feel like wearing as much makeup. "If my skin is in good condition and I'm feeling like I can go balls-out with less coverage, I'll use it," a trusted friend (and cushion compact devotee) told me. The formula and the sponge, which limits how much product you get with each dab of the applicator, affect the coverage. "Cushion compacts allow for a very sheer, natural application—which means it goes on lighter than your typical foundation," says Cho. "The formula is buildable, but if you're trying to hide blemishes, you're probably going to need to add a bit of concealer in those areas after you apply the cushion."
Okay, but what if I don't have the budget or space for eight different products?
A lot of the newer cushion compacts have bumped up the coverage they offer. But you can always layer it on if your skin needs a little TLC. Cho's a fan of Banila Co VV Bouncing Cushion ($44, sokoglam.com), which offers medium coverage in a single swipe. Amorepacific Age Correcting Cushion Foundation SPF 25 ($80, nordstrom.com), which was formulated to hide age-related issues like fine lines, also conceals issues better than earlier versions of the cushion compact.
The verdict: I'll admit that I'm really into the idea (if not the super-sheer coverage, which my face cannot handle). I'll keep it in rotation for those magical days when my skin looks unreal. But otherwise, for me, it's a nice extra but definitely not a must. If you're a BB cream girl though and want something more portable, you might just have found your new go-to.


We're very pleased to announce our limited edition collaboration with Black Abbey: the Granny White Ale.
It's pretty simple: at Edley's, we believe that beer and bar-b-que makes for one hell of a combination. So, when our friends at The Black Abbey Brewing Company wanted to collaborate on a special beer, we couldn't say no.
The Granny White Ale is a classic Belgian Style White Ale brewed with coriander and grapefruit peel. This Belgian Wit is named for the iconic Granny White Pike in Nashville, TN where Edley's first restaurant is located. We at Edley's have been friends with Black Abbey for many years, and you can find several of their beers available on draft at all of our locations.
The Granny White Ale will be available at Edley's Bar-B-Que, Pancho and Lefty's Cantina, the Black Abbey Fellowship Hall, and the Filling Station on draft only. To keep this release limited, there was only 600 gallons brewed. We look forward to having you down to try it, so stay tuned to Edley's Bar-B-Que and the Black Abbey Brewing social media accounts for release parties, tapping events, and more.
Brewer Notes: Hazy golden color with a pillowy white head, a bright, spicy aroma and a smooth, bready finish.
About The Black Abbey Brewing Company: The Black Abbey brews creative, accessible, and unique ales in Nashville, Tennessee. They rely on 600 years of brewing tradition, starting with styles that Martin Luther himself might have enjoyed.
About Edley's Bar-B-Que: Edley's Bar-B-Que is A Tribute To All Things Southern. Edley's Bar-B-Que is a Nashville institution, one that unites the Nashville tradition of meat and three with the best Bar-B-Que this side of the Mississippi.


text:
Q: storing and retrieving id from service I would like to store the value of currentStudentId in my service once I have gotten it from my database, such that it can be accessed from multiple components throughout my app by calling getCurrentStudentId().
I am getting confused because the actual student object (containing the id) is returned as a promise from my database and I am not sure how to convert that. What I want to do is this (service):
currentStudentId: string;

getCurrentStudentId(): string {

    if( this.currentStudentId ) {
        console.log("Great, the id is already set. Let's simply return it!");
        return this.currentStudentId;
    }
    else {
        console.log("The id isn't set yet, so need to get the student from the db first");
        this.getStudentCurrent(); // I get the student from the db and return it as a promise

        // return ???
    }
    return ???
}

My question is what do I need to return in this function?

A: A rule of thumb is to make your function asynchronous if it has any asynchronous calls within it. So you need to change the return type to Promise<string> like this
getCurrentStudentId(): Promise<string> {
    if(this.currentStudentId) {
        return Promise.resolve(this.currentStudentId); // wrap cached value in promise
    }

    return this.getStudentCurrent()
       .then(currentStudent => {
            this.currentStudentId = currentStudent.id;
            return this.currentStudentId;
       });
}

Or using async/await
async getCurrentStudentId(): Promise<string> {
    if(this.currentStudentId) {
        return this.currentStudentId;
    }

    let currentStudent = await this.getStudentCurrent();
    this.currentStudentId = currentStudent.id;

    return this.currentStudentId;
}


text:
Prof. Alessandro Abate
Alessandro Abate is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Oxford (UK). He received a Laurea in Electrical Engineering in October 2002 from the University of Padova (IT), an MS in May 2004 and a PhD in December 2007, both in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, at UC Berkeley […]
Prof. Michael Benedikt
Michael Benedikt received his PhD in mathematical logic from the University Wisconsin. He then spent a decade in industrial research at Bell Laboratories, working on computational logic, data management, and telecommunications. Since 2007 he has been a professor in Oxford University's computer science department. Research Interests Professor Benedikt's research spans automated reasoning, data management, with […]
Prof. Yarin Gal
Yarin is an Associate Professor of Machine Learning at the Computer Science department at University of Oxford, Tutorial Fellow in Computer Science at Christ Church, Oxford and part-time fellow at the Alan Turing Institute. Prior to taking his position at Oxford he was a Research Fellow in Computer Science at St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He […]
Prof. Ian Horrocks
Ian Horrocks is a full professor in the Oxford University Department of Computer Science and a visiting professor in the Department of Informatics at the University of Oslo. His research interests include logic-based knowledge representation and reasoning and semantic technologies, with a particular focus on ontology languages and applications. He was an author of the […]
Prof. Thomas Melham
Tom Melham is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Balliol College, where he is Praefectus and Tutor in Computation. He is also Director of MPLS Research Projects at Oxford's Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division. He received his PhD from the University of Cambridge in 1990 for […]
Prof. Dan Olteanu
Dan Olteanu is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Fellow of St Cross College at the University of Oxford. He has also taught at University of California, Berkeley, University of Munich, Saarland University, and Heidelberg University. He received his PhD in Computer Science from University in Munich in 2005. His research […]
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Assoc. Prof. Shimon Whiteson's research focuses on artificial intelligence. His goal is to design, analyse, and evaluate the algorithms that enable computational systems to acquire and execute intelligent behaviour. He's particularly interested in machine learning, with which computers can learn from experience, and decision-theoretic planning, with which they can reason about their goals and deduce […]


A dream come true wedding in beautiful Marbella.
Lynsey and David met almost 10 years ago in Dublin, but soon after they met Lynsey moved to Boston to study for two years. During this time they stayed in contact, and when she got home they eventually went on their first date.
After 4 years together David proposed, as Lynsey happily recounts..."David made me the happiest girl in the world when he got down on one knee in the beautiful garden setting of Powerscourt. He then whisked me off to New York where we picked my dream engagement ring."
Having always dreamed of getting married under the sun outside, Lynsey and David chose to have a destination wedding in Marbella. Lynsey explains what made Marbella the right choice for them..."Although Ireland is a beautiful place, the sun does not shine that often! Our guests were our main priority and we felt that Marbella was the perfect location as it was easily accessible and offered lots of choice, fun and relaxation."
Unfamiliar with how to plan a wedding in Spain Lynsey and David hired a Spanish wedding planner to make life simpler - which they'd both highly recommend, they told us: "If you are getting married abroad, we would advise you to get a wedding planner who understands your vision. Make sure to research your vendors and book them early as the good ones book up fast."
After a romantic church ceremony in old town Marbella Lynsey, David and guests enjoyed champagne in the local café before being transported to their dream outdoor wedding venue.
To make Lynsey's dream of a fairytale wedding under the sun come true, Lynsey and David's planner found the beautiful Finca La Concepcion. Lynsey remembers..."Tara, our wedding planner, found us the most stunning reception venue "Finca La Concepcion" set amongst the mountains. We were adamant that the cocktail reception, dinner and dancing all be outside. It was everything we wanted – romantic and beautiful. It also offered a lot of privacy so we could relax and enjoy our day with our nearest and dearest. In true Irish style, the wedding was a three-day affair, starting off with dinner and cocktails the night before in "La Sala" and ending with a hog-roast in a stunning villa we rented with 16 of our friends."
Lynsey describes the wedding day..."Bali umbrellas, pink balloons, a lemonade bar, and a beautiful pool set the scene as guests enjoyed his and her cocktails. One of our favorite decor pieces was the stunning table plan set on a beautiful rustic ladder draped in flowers and petals. We worked with Tara to ensure that each part of the day was different and unique to the other. Dinner took place under the most stunning tree that was decorated with fairy lights, chandeliers, hanging pink roses and rose petal filled lanterns. The ladies chairs were draped in light pink pearls tied with matching ribbon. As day turned to night, the fairy lights lit up the whole venue."
After their meal guests were treated to a bar and photo-booth set up beside the dance floor so that people could stay in the same area. Guys were given cigars while the girls got the surprise of an outside dresser where they could top-up their lip-gloss.
Super happy with each moment of the day, Lynsey and James said they wouldn't change a thing:"During the night you could see everyone chatting, dancing, posing in the photo-booth and enjoying drinks together. We felt so lucky to have everyone there."
Lastly to ensure guests felt comfortable and were well organised for their trip to Marbella, Lynsey and David created a detailed itinerary with all the wedding events and recommendations of places to visit, eat and enjoy during their stay. A useful idea for both destination weddings and weddings where guests mightn't be familiar with the area.
Following their dream wedding in Spain plus a mini moon in Mijas, they enjoyed a full on honeymoon spending 2 weeks in Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Lynsey describes the trip..."We spent 1 week travelling and seeing the sights of Sri Lanka with a tour guide. We couldn't recommend this place enough.... the food, culture and people were all amazing. We visited a lot of cultural sights and spent time in the beautiful tea plantations. We then took a 1hr flight to Male where we were greeted by a private speedboat to spend a week relaxing in one of the stunning islands in the Maldives. We opted for an adults only resort with an overwater bungalow. It really was paradise and a place we would recommend to all honeymooners!


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Ford announces shipment of F-150 Lightning electric trucks
Ford Motor Company is set to launch production of the F-150 Lightning, their first full-size electric pickup truck, in Dearborn, MI. Ford has received about 200K reservations for the EV truck and plans to produce 150K by the end of the year. Watch the launch live.
President Biden spoke at the Ford Electric Vehicle Center in Dearborn, Mich. and called for further development and production of electric cars while promoting his jobs plan.


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Rockport Music supplies an Intimate and Romantic Atmosphere for Couples to savor a Diverse selection of Performers
The Quick Version: Located in scenic Rockport, Massachusetts, Rockport Music puts on a slate of excellent performances and activities all through the year. A charming seaport village provides the best intimate backdrop for partners seeking to take pleasure in every night of songs comprising many genres. Every single year, Rockport Music has several shows which range from contemporary to jazz to folk/Americana. Its unusual place, the Shalin Liu show Center, has 330 chairs, which means all visitors not only have a delightful view however they are addressed to a very romantic environment. Simply because of its dimensions, Rockport musical also appeals to world-class performers trying to generate a true reference to audiences. Site visitors and locals wanting an unique place to just take a romantic date look for Rockport Music for the stunning water views, incomparable activities, and one-of-a-kind atmosphere.
Music has actually constantly played an important role in society. It's a medium that activates the entire range of human being feeling, provides listeners a screen into different cultures, features a powerful corrective effect on the human being brain and body.
The benefits songs adds to people's everyday lives is why it could be crucial that you find a partner with an equivalent admiration — or even exactly the same taste. Questions relating to songs are normal on a primary big date as the solutions can let you know loads about a potential lover.
Musical preferences usually correlate with qualities like political positioning, verbal ability, and athleticism, according to a learn of the college of Tx at Austin, and it's really often made use of as indicative of compatibility.
Couples which enjoy songs often do this together, looking for brand-new and interesting how to connect to the sounds they love. Rockport musical is providing interesting musical encounters of the Massachusetts shore for more than three years.
Rockport Music's area isn't just perfect for performances, but it addittionally supplies an environment that motivates lively dialogue. Chris Blagg, Rockport musical's advertising management, told united states he often requires their wife truth be told there on times.
"Rockport Audio is the go-to big date. No matter that is playing — we all know it will likely be a great show," the guy stated. "in the summertime, you're going to be enjoying the tv series and sometimes understand sunset behind the writers and singers, which can be a phenomenal experience."
a charming spot produced by an Art-Centric Community
Rockport musical has grown from the modest sources as a tiny chamber songs event created in 1981 into certainly one of New England's leading executing arts venues, and also the seed products of the development happened to be sown of the volunteers which produced Rockport musical.
"It began as limited, volunteer-driven chamber music event, and gradually it expanded into an arts presenting company supplying a lot more types of songs," Chris mentioned. "After it became popular, the panel chose to develop a location that displayed the Atlantic Ocean as well as the place of Rockport."
The harmonious combination of songs together with spectacular design at the Shalin Liu Efficiency Center are the thing that make Rockport songs such a romantic date evening setting. The whole back wall of the phase is a floor-to-ceiling screen that overlooks the ocean.
Witnessing the sun set behind an overall performance can be a breathtaking experience for concertgoers. "Simple fact is that most breathtaking hall where I ever before performed. It's romantic and awe-inspiring. As a performer, it brings out a different sort of motivation for my songs and performance," Wendy Chen, a classical pianist, stated for the area.
The site usually carries , and Chris informed you residents are going to see familiar confronts inside audience. "most of us go to as much shows while we can,"he said. "We know exactly how blessed our company is to own this offered at our very own home, so we make the most of it as very much like we can."
Rockport Audio additionally encourages artwork gratitude through providing free and low-cost events. This ensures that all people in the community have access to a location in which they can appreciate gorgeous music activities.
Festivals and Performances provide Diverse Date Night Options
Each summer time, Rockport musical still hosts its Rockport Chamber Audio Festival — a residential area ideal. Violinist and violist Barry Shiffman, the new artistic director for 2018, gives his very own sight towards the annual occasion as well as ancient programming.
"he is trying most brand new and interesting things; incorporating a unifying motif of r:Evolution to this 12 months's event, getting a multimedia part to numerous regarding the concerts, and supplying ancient cabarets and seemingly random pop-up concerts around community during festival," Chris mentioned. "These are ways to make it a festival environment in the place of an accumulation concerts."
Rockport Audio in addition places about Rockport Jazz Festival each summer time featuring a substantial array which has provided numerous important musicians — like John Pizzarelli and Danilo Perez.
For people just obtaining knowledgeable about some form of songs, Rockport Music supplies programs that can help town discover and enjoy certain songs groups.
"we are trying an after-hours ancient cabaret, which can be an entry point if you cannot know a great deal about classical songs," Chris said. He includes that, while in the cabarets (that are from the next flooring of the Hall), couples can take advantage of cocktails while enjoying the music. "if you are on a romantic date, this cabaret maybe an excellent method to check out music, especially for those who aren't acquainted with the ancient style."
Also, Rockport Audio is actually close to many great eating options, adding to the date night attraction. Or you could pack a romantic picnic dinner to eat from the beach before or after a show.
Modern Artists Perform in a Cozy Setting
In inclusion to their festivals and show show, Rockport Audio embraces headliners to their intimate space. Certainly one of Rockport's very own, singer-songwriter Paula Cole, typically runs at location during the summer. It's an opportunity to enjoy the woman hits stripped-down and additionally her new music. Another '90s Lilith Fair preferred, Shawn Colvin, brings her well-known musical storytelling to Rockport Music to delight outdated and brand-new followers as well.
Gordon Lightfoot, the celebrated Canadian troubadour, should be in concert in June, whenever visitors can experience one of the best songwriters associated with the modern period. Music enthusiasts searching for new, edgy grassroots songs will relish performances by designers like Rad Trads, Enter the Haggis, in addition to Delvon Lamarr Organ Trio.
Chris in addition talked about a few other notable musicians and artists which were added to the diary.
"there is really I'm getting excited about. We are pleasant Raul Malo through the Mavericks, a traditional enchanting crooner, and Jake Shimabukuro, a Hawaiian ukulele player, that is also a YouTube experience," the guy said. "Jazz artist Jane Monheit also puts on a beautiful show."
Rockport songs are a Music Lover's desired wedding ceremony Venue
With a place as dazzling as the Shalin Liu Efficiency Center, it's no surprise Rockport Music is actually popular wedding destination for songs fans who happen to be prepared to say i really do. Breathtaking sea opinions and attractive structure combine to produce a memorable and beautiful event.
Get service about show period overlooking the sea, and then enjoy dinner and dancing in reception hall on 3rd flooring. The unique place provides a lot of striking photo opportunities. It is a perfect place for a marriage that is individual, easy to prepare, and unique however you like.
For couples living near Massachusetts, or just planning on shedding by on holiday, every night of activity at Rockport Music is actually a can't-miss location. Have pleasure in the beauty of character and inspiring noise in an intimate hallway with someone special. It's going to definitely be an unforgettable evening.
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Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097: Getting closer to the black hole
Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Rodrigo Nemmen Da Silva, Michael Eracleous, Jules P. Halpern, Andrew S. Wilson, Alexei V. Filippenko, Maria Teresa Ruiz, R. Chris Smith, Neil M. Nagar
Institute for Gravitation & the Cosmos
Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics
Center for Theoretical and Observational Cosmology
We study the evolution of the broad, double-peaked Hα emission-line profile of the LINER/Seyfert 1 nucleus of NGC 1097, using 24 spectra obtained over a time span of 11 years - from 1991 November through 2002 October. While in the first 5 years the main variation was in the relative intensity of the blue and red peaks, in the last years we have also observed an increasing separation between the two peaks, at the same time as the integrated flux in the broad line has decreased. We propose a scenario in which the emission originates in an asymmetric accretion disk around a supermassive black hole, whose source of ionization is getting dimmer, causing the region of maximum emission to come closer to the center (and thus to regions of higher projected velocity). We use the observations to constrain the evolution of the accretion disk emission and to evaluate two models: the elliptical-disk model previously found to reproduce the observations from 1991 to 1996 and a model of a circular disk with a single spiral arm. In both models the peak emissivity of the disk drifts inward with time, while the azimuthal orientation of the elliptical-disk or the spiral pattern varies with time. In the case of the spiral-arm model, the whole set of data is consistent with a monotonic precession of the spiral pattern, which has completed almost two revolutions since 1991. Thus, we favor the spiral-arm model, which, through the precession period, implies a black hole mass that is consistent with the observed stellar velocity dispersion. In contrast, the elliptical-disk model requires a mass that is an order of magnitude lower. Finally, we have found tentative evidence of the emergence of an accretion disk wind, which we hope to explore further with future observations.
Astrophysical Journal
Dive into the research topics of 'Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097: Getting closer to the black hole'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
accretion disks Physics & Astronomy 100%
accretion Earth & Environmental Sciences 89%
precession Earth & Environmental Sciences 33%
emissivity Earth & Environmental Sciences 15%
ionization Earth & Environmental Sciences 13%
nuclei Physics & Astronomy 8%
profiles Physics & Astronomy 7%
Storchi-Bergmann, T., Da Silva, R. N., Eracleous, M., Halpern, J. P., Wilson, A. S., Filippenko, A. V., Ruiz, M. T., Smith, R. C., & Nagar, N. M. (2003). Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097: Getting closer to the black hole. Astrophysical Journal, 598(2 I), 956-968. https://doi.org/10.1086/378938
Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa ; Da Silva, Rodrigo Nemmen ; Eracleous, Michael ; Halpern, Jules P. ; Wilson, Andrew S. ; Filippenko, Alexei V. ; Ruiz, Maria Teresa ; Smith, R. Chris ; Nagar, Neil M. / Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097 : Getting closer to the black hole. In: Astrophysical Journal. 2003 ; Vol. 598, No. 2 I. pp. 956-968.
@article{ef184f03779d424192ba9db761d98f2c,
title = "Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097: Getting closer to the black hole",
abstract = "We study the evolution of the broad, double-peaked Hα emission-line profile of the LINER/Seyfert 1 nucleus of NGC 1097, using 24 spectra obtained over a time span of 11 years - from 1991 November through 2002 October. While in the first 5 years the main variation was in the relative intensity of the blue and red peaks, in the last years we have also observed an increasing separation between the two peaks, at the same time as the integrated flux in the broad line has decreased. We propose a scenario in which the emission originates in an asymmetric accretion disk around a supermassive black hole, whose source of ionization is getting dimmer, causing the region of maximum emission to come closer to the center (and thus to regions of higher projected velocity). We use the observations to constrain the evolution of the accretion disk emission and to evaluate two models: the elliptical-disk model previously found to reproduce the observations from 1991 to 1996 and a model of a circular disk with a single spiral arm. In both models the peak emissivity of the disk drifts inward with time, while the azimuthal orientation of the elliptical-disk or the spiral pattern varies with time. In the case of the spiral-arm model, the whole set of data is consistent with a monotonic precession of the spiral pattern, which has completed almost two revolutions since 1991. Thus, we favor the spiral-arm model, which, through the precession period, implies a black hole mass that is consistent with the observed stellar velocity dispersion. In contrast, the elliptical-disk model requires a mass that is an order of magnitude lower. Finally, we have found tentative evidence of the emergence of an accretion disk wind, which we hope to explore further with future observations.",
author = "Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann and {Da Silva}, {Rodrigo Nemmen} and Michael Eracleous and Halpern, {Jules P.} and Wilson, {Andrew S.} and Filippenko, {Alexei V.} and Ruiz, {Maria Teresa} and Smith, {R. Chris} and Nagar, {Neil M.}",
doi = "10.1086/378938",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
number = "2 I",
Storchi-Bergmann, T, Da Silva, RN, Eracleous, M, Halpern, JP, Wilson, AS, Filippenko, AV, Ruiz, MT, Smith, RC & Nagar, NM 2003, 'Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097: Getting closer to the black hole', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 598, no. 2 I, pp. 956-968. https://doi.org/10.1086/378938
Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097 : Getting closer to the black hole. / Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa; Da Silva, Rodrigo Nemmen; Eracleous, Michael; Halpern, Jules P.; Wilson, Andrew S.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Ruiz, Maria Teresa; Smith, R. Chris; Nagar, Neil M.
In: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 598, No. 2 I, 01.12.2003, p. 956-968.
T1 - Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097
T2 - Getting closer to the black hole
AU - Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
AU - Da Silva, Rodrigo Nemmen
AU - Eracleous, Michael
AU - Halpern, Jules P.
AU - Wilson, Andrew S.
AU - Filippenko, Alexei V.
AU - Ruiz, Maria Teresa
AU - Smith, R. Chris
AU - Nagar, Neil M.
N2 - We study the evolution of the broad, double-peaked Hα emission-line profile of the LINER/Seyfert 1 nucleus of NGC 1097, using 24 spectra obtained over a time span of 11 years - from 1991 November through 2002 October. While in the first 5 years the main variation was in the relative intensity of the blue and red peaks, in the last years we have also observed an increasing separation between the two peaks, at the same time as the integrated flux in the broad line has decreased. We propose a scenario in which the emission originates in an asymmetric accretion disk around a supermassive black hole, whose source of ionization is getting dimmer, causing the region of maximum emission to come closer to the center (and thus to regions of higher projected velocity). We use the observations to constrain the evolution of the accretion disk emission and to evaluate two models: the elliptical-disk model previously found to reproduce the observations from 1991 to 1996 and a model of a circular disk with a single spiral arm. In both models the peak emissivity of the disk drifts inward with time, while the azimuthal orientation of the elliptical-disk or the spiral pattern varies with time. In the case of the spiral-arm model, the whole set of data is consistent with a monotonic precession of the spiral pattern, which has completed almost two revolutions since 1991. Thus, we favor the spiral-arm model, which, through the precession period, implies a black hole mass that is consistent with the observed stellar velocity dispersion. In contrast, the elliptical-disk model requires a mass that is an order of magnitude lower. Finally, we have found tentative evidence of the emergence of an accretion disk wind, which we hope to explore further with future observations.
AB - We study the evolution of the broad, double-peaked Hα emission-line profile of the LINER/Seyfert 1 nucleus of NGC 1097, using 24 spectra obtained over a time span of 11 years - from 1991 November through 2002 October. While in the first 5 years the main variation was in the relative intensity of the blue and red peaks, in the last years we have also observed an increasing separation between the two peaks, at the same time as the integrated flux in the broad line has decreased. We propose a scenario in which the emission originates in an asymmetric accretion disk around a supermassive black hole, whose source of ionization is getting dimmer, causing the region of maximum emission to come closer to the center (and thus to regions of higher projected velocity). We use the observations to constrain the evolution of the accretion disk emission and to evaluate two models: the elliptical-disk model previously found to reproduce the observations from 1991 to 1996 and a model of a circular disk with a single spiral arm. In both models the peak emissivity of the disk drifts inward with time, while the azimuthal orientation of the elliptical-disk or the spiral pattern varies with time. In the case of the spiral-arm model, the whole set of data is consistent with a monotonic precession of the spiral pattern, which has completed almost two revolutions since 1991. Thus, we favor the spiral-arm model, which, through the precession period, implies a black hole mass that is consistent with the observed stellar velocity dispersion. In contrast, the elliptical-disk model requires a mass that is an order of magnitude lower. Finally, we have found tentative evidence of the emergence of an accretion disk wind, which we hope to explore further with future observations.
U2 - 10.1086/378938
DO - 10.1086/378938
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2 I
Storchi-Bergmann T, Da Silva RN, Eracleous M, Halpern JP, Wilson AS, Filippenko AV et al. Evolution of the nuclear accretion disk emission in NGC 1097: Getting closer to the black hole. Astrophysical Journal. 2003 Dec 1;598(2 I):956-968. https://doi.org/10.1086/378938


A man in the US could be facing legal action after he took his broken computer into an alley and shot it with a 9mm handgun.
A police spokesperson said that the man, 37-year-old Lucas Hinch, had been having issues with the machine so "took it to the back alley and destroyed it".
Hinch was detained after the incident for discharging a firearm within city limits of Colorado Springs, but said he did not realise he was breaking the law.
He had apparently got tired of fighting with the computer for several months, and when the good old ctrl+alt+delete method failed to work, Hinch "shot the darn thing", reports the Colorado Springs Gazette.
"He got tired of fighting with his computer for the last several months," Lt. Jeff Strossner said. "He was having technology problems, so he took it out in the back alley and shot it."
Everybody has experienced a computer being slow, and the urge to take a hammer to it can sometimes be overwhelming, but this is admittedly a little excessive.
A judge is currently deciding on the penalty.