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In 2013, Kate Bowler '02, a historian at Duke Divinity School, published her debut book, Blessed: A History of the American Prosperity Gospel. It was the first comprehensive history of a movement defined by—as she explains in a 2016 New York Times essay—"the belief that God grants health and wealth to those with the right kind of faith."
Two years later, she was diagnosed with Stage IV cancer at 35. "I did the things you might expect of someone whose world has suddenly become very small. I sank to my knees and cried. I called my husband at our home nearby. I waited until he arrived so we could wrap our arms around each other and say the things that must be said," Bowler wrote in the same essay, "Death, the Prosperity Gospel and Me." "But one of my first thoughts was also Oh, God, this is ironic. I recently wrote a book called Blessed."
Bowler's words appeared in Macalester Today when we reprinted her essay later that year. Since her diagnosis, she has navigated what it's like to be an expert on health, wealth, and happiness while being ill. She published a memoir, Everything Happens for a Reason (and Other Lies I've Loved), which became a New York Times bestseller, and hosts the podcast "Everything Happens." Released this fall, her book The Preacher's Wife: The Precarious Power of Evangelical Women Celebrities follows the rise of celebrity Christian women in American evangelism. "This is a history of the modern Christian marketplace that explains why most women are asked to lead with their personality than their credentials," she says. "It is a critical look into the evangelical world, those who are given power, and mainly, those who aren't. It might reveal things about your own life, or show you more about the culture in which you live, or introduce you to a new world of female leaders whose books line every shelf at Target."
What surprised her during more than 100 conversations with Christian celebrities? "The way they let a complete stranger into the deepest parts of their lives," Bowler says. "This book wouldn't have been possible if the interviewees didn't decide that it is better to be known than to be deemed perfect. That's a lesson I'll take with me."
Introduction by Rebecca Dejarlais Ortiz '06
The following is excerpted from THE PREACHER'S WIFE: The Precarious Power of Evangelical Women Celebrities by Kate Bowler. Copyright ©2019 by Kate Bowler. Published by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission.
UNDER THE CHURCH'S website banner, Ed and Lisa Young were smiling at the camera in matching denim, her hand lightly touching his chest and his arm around her back. "For just a moment, forget everything you've ever thought of when it comes to church," reads the caption beside them. "Imagine a home for all who are looking for hope. This is Fellowship Church!" Though in their mid-fifties they looked a cool decade younger, which did not hurt sales for Sexperiment, their New York Times-bestselling guide to sex that had the couple spending 24 livestreamed hours in a staged bed on the roof of their church. She was the founder of "Flavour," the women's ministry for their 25,000-person congregation, and the author of a few books on marriage, beauty, children, and a cookbook, A Dash of Flavour. Together, they were the branded image of the largest Southern Baptist church in the country, which met at seven different locations throughout Texas and Florida or via the streaming of Ed Young's "Fifty Shades of THEY" on Netflix. Everywhere one looked for Fellowship Church, the two of them were pictured smiling and inviting all to join them next Sunday for the latest sermon series like "Shark Weak" or "Espresso Yourself."
In the world of modern megaministry, a pastor's wife was the welcome mat. She was the smile, the open arms, and the "Hello! Won't you come in?" to a church experience with a dizzying array of ways to participate. With multiple services and a half dozen campuses, a pastor's wife like Lisa Young could not simply stand by the door handing out bulletins and greet people as they entered. The country's largest churches had outgrown any leader's capacity to know the majority of their congregants. Every megachurch wife I spoke to described what it was like to look out over a flood of attendees and not recognize a soul. Although she may not always know them, they know her; somewhere in the sea of digital and in-person experiences of a single ecclesial community, the pastor and his wife were anchoring figures. If there was a billboard on the side of the highway advertising a church, she would be there, leaning over her husband's shoulder or slipped under his protective arm. And on megachurch websites, a photograph of the pastor and his wife was the most common advertisement for the church.
The omnipresence of women's images was matched only by the dearth of substantive information about them. Most churches wanted to make it clear that the pastor's wife had no actual position on staff or, in any case, that her importance was relative to his. This made introductions into a linguistic obstacle course, because as women were presented they almost instantly disappeared. An 8,000-member Arkansas megachurch introduced its senior pastor, Rick Bezet, to online audiences in a very typical way.
Next to an image of him beside his wife Michelle, were the words:
Rick & Michelle Bezet // LEAD PASTOR
Rick Bezet is the founder and lead pastor of New Life Church of Arkansas. Since starting [New Life Church] Conway in 2001, New Life has grown to include ten churches in nine cities with 20+ services, and two online services. . . . Rick and his lovely wife, Michelle, have been married for over 20 years and they have four children. They live in Conway, Arkansas.
Michelle appeared next to a title she did not possess as part of the branding for a church that may or may not employ her. In the Christian public's mind's eye, a famous wife was a block of marble chiseled mostly by the imagination. She might be the neck that turned her husband's head, the Salome that turned his heart, or the Ruth that laid herself at his feet. Her defining qualities and acts in shaping the ministry must be interpreted in gestures and shadows. Did she stand tucked behind him or sit quietly in the front row? Was she alone on stage explaining how she would give up ministry in a heartbeat if her husband simply told her to? Perhaps she sat beside him as the cameras filmed their television show, but when the credits rolled the show was in his name only. Sometimes I wondered if the fastest way to identify a woman's role in megaministry was to interview all of the lighting technicians on every mainstage in the country. Who would the spotlight fall on when the lights went down? Did the crowd know her face? Her role was a curious one. Whether she eclipsed everyone in the room or was an unseen partner to her husband's ministry, her mere existence sparked with power.
Assessing questions of significance and power were further complicated, as I discovered, by the ambiguity with which most public women in ministry narrated their own significance. Almost all women in the largest churches, parachurches, and on other platforms went to great lengths to hide their importance as a way of shielding themselves from criticism.
The self-presentation of Proverbs 31 founder Lysa TerKeurst was a study in deflected significance. Though she ran a multimillion-dollar organization that reached hundreds of thousands of women every day, making her one of the most powerful women in modern evangelical circuits, she described her success as being able to: "get through the day having spent time with the Lord, exercised in some way, had a laugh with one of my kids, had clean underwear in my husband's drawer when he needed them and made a friend smile." Before their marital woes became public knowledge, Lysa described her husband as a loving leader and a longsuffering man, who, once a month, "simply puts up with me and my bout of the Princess Must Scream syndrome." While no one expected Oprah to keep her partner Stedman's underwear drawer stocked, these audiences were keenly attuned to indications that TerKeurst grounded her identity in relationship, motherhood, and wifehood. Superstar Beth Moore was quick to assure audiences that her husband, Keith, wore the Wranglers in their relationship, while televangelist Joyce Meyer continually invoked her husband Dave's benevolent approval of her media empire. As icons of the middle class, these women were expected to embody its trials and triumphs. They must be hard-working but not competitive, polished but not fussy, wholesome but not perfect. And as famous women, they must do what all famous women do and pretend to be average, subject to the acid test of "relatability." Their stories should be peppered with mishaps—they broke the eggs bagging their own groceries, put their shirts on inside-out, and ruined their children's Halloween costumes.
Some of these women were particularly formidable given that most cobbled their skills together on their own, without men in ministry's equivalent pastoral education. As we will discuss in Chapters One and Four, women had rarely been expected or encouraged to be theologically credentialed. As a result, most never sat in classes to learn systematic theology, scriptural exegesis, counseling, Christian history, or preaching. Instead, they assigned their own reading, honed their own preaching skills (often before female audiences), and earned their place in the Christian industry without the benefit of formal training. They were queens of self-mastery.
Or not. Some women earned their place in the sun and others simply basked in the reflected glow of others. While most women fought to be worthy of their status, it was possible to find megaministry women happy to float on the credentials of their mates, offering what skills they already had with mixed results. Like any inherited job, women may assume a church position as an entitlement and a perk. A megachurch wife might cheerfully list "shopping" as her primary hobby, knowing that her massive church salary and limited obligations give her plenty of money and time for it.
Regardless of whether she craved the public eye or longed for anonymity, she must pick her place. A famous Christian woman could be many things—ambitious or deferential, canny or naive, intuitive or clueless, sweet or with a dash of salty language. But, whoever she was, she lived in front of many audiences.
Though not all famous Christian women were pastors' wives—and in fact, many of the most widely recognized were not—the most common role for a woman in megaministry was that of the preacher's wife. Like Whitney Houston's famous movie character, the preacher's wife was married to the ministry and her talents were inexorably drawn into the life of the church. This should come as no surprise: the complementarian theologies that governed the largest Protestant churches installed hundreds of men at the helm of institutions and pressed their willing (and sometimes unwilling) wives into service. Further, many of the leading women in itinerant or parachurch ministry were also married to men in ministry. For this reason, a famous megaministry woman found that her power maintained the appearance of being borrowed. Regardless of her own credentials, she drew fame from the familial role she held as a mother, sister, daughter, or, most often, wife of an important godly man. It was seen in almost every small gesture like her Twitter handle or the way the conference host announced her onstage: Taffi was Creflo Dollar's wife. Dodie was Joel Osteen's mom. Priscilla was Tony Evans's daughter. Though there were some scrappy women who built their ministries from scratch it was hard and lonely work. Most women built on the poured foundation of marriage and family.
The woman who professionalized her role as wife or family member could build a career of her own. It was a convenient arrangement for both churches that affirmed women in ministry and those that did not, because audiences presumed that a wife's actions were subject to her husband's approval and therefore sanctioned. She could likewise benefit from the administrative staff, publicity, in-house audiences, and personal and professional relationships that floated his career. In the pages that follow, the preacher's wife serves as an embodied argument for the twin forces—complementarianism and capitalism—that steered the careers of evangelical women celebrities. The preacher's wife was the safest woman in ministry: authorized to exercise her gifts by her husband's pastoral oversight and shielded from the worst excesses of the marketplace. Most women's careers in ministry depended on borrowed institutions, a guest spot on a television program, or a women's conference in someone else's church. Certainly, women without famous husbands could build a career on their own with a skeleton staff, but their livelihoods hung on a delicate web of relationships and connections. They depended on each other to keep their content and their brand in circulation and to find that sweet spot between irrelevance and controversy.
For women, this is an era of almost—almost feminist, almost patriarchal, almost progressive, and almost regressive—and in these pages we hold the prism of their experiences up to the light. The lives of public women invite us to ask again what Americans expect from women in the spotlight; and whether they will ever grow used to women's presence in the main seats of power, in the pulpit, in the corner office, or in the White House. The women of megaministry are exceptional, but they are not simply exceptions. They are religious reflections of almost-mythic American ideals of women as wives and mothers, pillars and martyrs, in a culture divided over whether women should lean in or opt out.
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The end of the year is looming and now is the time to take stock of your tax strategy to be sure you're seizing every opportunity to reduce the amount you owe the government.
Your tax bracket for the current year is determined by the income you receive before the end of the year, so it makes sense to minimize that amount whenever possible. If you have the option of delaying some of your income – say, bonuses or income from self-employment – until after the first of the year, it will be beneficial to push that income to next year's tax return instead of this year's.
Be careful, however, as it's possible to push so much income forward into next year that next year's tax bracket is unavoidably higher.
On the flip side of deferring income is the strategy of paying expenses before the end of the year, which allows you to qualify for deductions or tax credits. Medical and dental expenses, for example, can qualify you for a deduction if they reach a specified minimum threshold; other expenses, like college tuition, may entitle you to a tax credit.
Paying qualifying expenses in larger chunks before the end of the year versus paying for them throughout the year can also result in bigger tax benefits.
And, if your employer offers a flexible spending account, you can realize significant tax savings by using that tax-exempt money to pay for qualifying medical and childcare expenses. (A word of warning, however: if you don't use it by the end of the year, you typically lose it. Sometimes there's a grace period after the first of the year during which you can still use the money without penalty, but you should always verify.) Always be aware of how much money you have in the account and use unspent funds to pay for qualifying expenses before January 1st.
If you have investments that haven't performed well this year, such as stocks or mutual funds, consider selling them before the end of the year to lock in losses, which you can then use to offset your income for the year. If your losses are big enough, you may even be able to carry some of them over to offset your income next year.
Tax-deferred 401(k), IRA, and Keogh retirement accounts help you save money by earning compound interest before you have to pay taxes on the funds. Depending on your age and the type of account you have, the maximum tax-deferred contribution you can make each year varies, but always contribute the maximum amount before the end of the year.
Qualifying charitable contributions can lower your tax bill, but only if you itemize your deductions instead of taking the standard deduction. If you have enough deductible expenses to justify itemizing, make your contributions before the end of the year to maximize the benefit. If your deductions aren't sizable enough to make itemizing worthwhile, consider waiting until next year to make your charitable donations; you'll have a better opportunity to take advantage of the tax break.
The first of the year is coming up fast – are you ready for a new tax season? Use our 6 tips and you will be soon! For more information, please contact us today.


Allowable Costs: Expenses usually allowed under PHS research grants will be covered by the NIDA dissertation research grant, but may not exceed $50,000 per year in direct costs. An application that requests more than $50,000 per year in direct costs will not be reviewed. Allowable costs include the applicant salary (not to exceed NIH's current salary for predoctoral fellows for 12 months full-time effort). In developing the non-modular budget, applicants may also include costs for research assistants' salaries, and direct research project expenses, such as data processing, payments to subjects, supplies, consultants, and dissertation costs (e.g., printing and binding of the dissertation). No tuition, alteration/renovations, contracting costs, faculty salary, or space rental are allowed on dissertation research grants. Indirect costs are limited to eight percent of requested direct costs, less equipment.
PHD Book Binding | Personal, Business ..


There was a revolution afoot in heavy metal in late 1983 and early 1984. The most extreme branch of music was undergoing a transformation which would make the previous generation sound normal and mainstream in comparison. Leading the charge was Los Angeles' Slayer and its debut album, Show No Mercy. The title could be taken literally.
There are no words to describe the overwhelming feeling of evil and power that permeated the scene in general and the individual listener once Show No Mercy would be played on the record player. This was something new, something different and the whole paradigm was about to change. Everyone into heavy metal knew it.
Add to the extremeness, the speed, the heaviness, the edge, the aura of danger embedded in the riffs, the foreboding menace of the vocals, the ultra-Satanic lyrics which made the previous generation of devil worshippers sound like a bunch of dowagers on a trip to church on Sunday and the blood was on the wall. Slayer is the final word in heavy metal. Slayer knew exactly how to interplay a rhythm guitar with a lead axe, combine high and low vocals, throw one heavy rhythm change after the other and sing the praises of Lucifer in poetry. That is how it turned out in 1984 when a friend spinned the LP on the turn table.
Show No Mercy explodes with Evil Has No Boundaries and a blood-curdling scream. The song has the album's best chant ('Eviiiilll') and establishes the tone of devilish savagery. The Antichrist is a classic in cruel catchiness and a band mainstay. Die By The Sword features higher screams, a great guitar rhythm and amazing fast/heavy guitar interplay. The time change a minute into the track is not to be denied. Fight Till Death is more power, more destructive drumming and an early example of crazed use of bass drums. Interestingly, drummer Dave Lombardo would complain years later that engineer Bill Metoyer had recorded the toms and the rest of the drums separately. One would be foolish not to believe the band's insistence, "to reign in hell". Hear the guitar feedback under singer Tom Araya's dry scream. Metal Storm/Face The Slayer is a combination instrumental and lyriced song with the former betraying an NWOBHM feel (on speed) and the latter both self referencing and narrating a night of Luciferian doom. Black Magic is another of the songs to which the band still treats its audience and another album classic. Listen for the trade-offs, the bass guitar and infectious melody akin to the grip of evil. Tormentor is a title that will soon be copied many times. The same could be said of the Slayer trademarked soloing one hears on the track and the rest of the album of course. Final Command is neither the last song nor the only time the phrase is used on the album. Fight Till Death features the line, "Reign of death what is the final command" earlier on the LP. The song narrates the story of Nazis and their war tactics and is a harbinger of one of the band's favourite themes. The song's speed certainly lends to the feeling of a blitzkrieg. The Final Command is delivered in 2:32 minutes, although other bands would probably complete it in ten. Such is the band's speed and the wealth of riffs on each song. Crionics (sic) is the band's most under-rated track ever. The nearly instrumental song has the speed, originality, high screams and brutality to be a classic and is about the notion that a terminally diseased person can be frozen until a cure becomes available. The album ends with the title track. This is really fast and crushing (again). The band ends the album as it begun, namely in rapid-fire style.
Slayer's Show No Mercy is timeless and the model for all thrash metal albums to come. It would immediately seize the throne from Metallica whose debut album, Kill 'Em All, had emerged half a year earlier, establish the band as the world's most extreme, scare the competition and Christians alike and etch itself into metal minds world-wide. The CD re-release has a few edits and is not true to the LP's liner notes and designs and even mixes up the order of the lyrics. Furthermore, some versions depict red flames instead of orange and so forth, but the music will never be denied.
Reign In Blood was one hell of an album for Slayer to have to follow up. What makes Slayer great is that instead of doing the wrong thing, which would be to try and make Reign In Blood again, or go even faster, they made probably the best decision of their career and added different tempos, longer songs, and more ideas to their sound for South Of Heaven. This resulted in one of the best thrash albums around.
But screw history. The real question is, is South Of Heaven worth getting? And the answer is yes. It's not as good as its predecessor, but hey, what is? It's definitely as good as Seasons In The Abyss, and it's better then Show No Mercy. What makes South Of Heaven great is that they were able to build and expand on their sound with losing their trademark cutthroat brutality. Each song has its own new idea to bring to the table, which is something you can't say about Reign In Blood, and some of them are just plain phenomenal. Like the title track or Live Undead or Mandatory Suicide. That's why they're Slayer.
And it's got a bunch of those Slayer Moments too, you know, those moments that are just so Slayer that it's perfect. For instance, the drum fill leading into the guitar break in Angel Of Death or the phrase "modulistic terror". There's some of those here, and they're just great. Slayer at their peak were one of the tightest, most brutal bands around, and this album lives up to that. I'd say the only problem would be Tom Araya's voice, which definitely isn't as good as it was on Hell Awaits and Reign In Blood. I dunno, on those albums he had something no one else did, like he was spitting out his lyrics. His tone isn't quite as good here.
But really, this is honest-to-God Slayer at the peak of their powers. The Lombardo plays some incredible stuff, King and Hanneman shred, and it really is just awesome. Definitely worth getting if you're into thrash, and honestly, you should be. - Max V.


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Japanese submarine operations against Australia 1942-1944
Dr David M. Stevens
Between January 1942 and May 1944, the submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) took part in more than forty separate operations in the waters surrounding Australia. More than twenty Australian and Allied ships were sunk, and probably twice as many were attacked. In addition to the torpedo and gun attacks that ranged from the Arafura Sea to the Great Australian Bight, Japanese submarines conducted surface bombardments against Sydney, Newcastle and Port Gregory, and mined the approaches to Brisbane, Darwin and the Torres Strait. Other activities included the midget submarine raid against Port Jackson on 31 May–1 June 1942, while submarine-launched aircraft carried out reconnaissance flights over Sydney (three times), Melbourne and Hobart. Clearly it was not on the scale of the Battle of the Atlantic. However, for what was undoubtedly the most comprehensive and widespread series of offensive operations ever conducted by an enemy against Australia, the Japanese submarine campaign has received remarkably little recognition or analysis.
In fact, once the great sea battles of the Coral Sea and Midway had largely removed the threat of enemy surface forces, Japanese submarines constituted the major threat to Allied maritime interests in the South West Pacific Area. Being self sufficient in food and essentials, Australia was never in danger of being starved into submission. Nevertheless, Australian heavy industry relied fundamentally upon imports and the domestic shipping industry, and the Commonwealth's economy was extremely vulnerable to dispersed pressure against key points. Equally at risk was the effective prosecution of the Allied war effort in New Guinea. With virtually no internal land routes available and only a few small airfields, the campaign to Australia's north was solely dependent upon sea lines of communication and their control by friendly forces. Reduced by requisitions, enemy action and collisions, Australia's merchant fleet had little or no spare capacity. Hence, even minor shipping losses had the potential to suspend manufacturing and military plans, while a concerted enemy campaign might hope to overextend defences, disrupt the bulk of communications and reduce the nation to strategic irrelevance.
As early as 10 January 1942 a conference at the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters agreed to cut the sea lines of communication leading east and west from Australia, sealing off the Commonwealth from the Anglo-American powers. This was certainly an achievable goal early in the Pacific war, when the Japanese held the initiative. But, although subsequent orders to their submarine fleet reiterated the intention to isolate Australia, the IJN never allocated sufficient forces to sustain an interdiction campaign. By mid-1943, they had lost their chance. The increasing diversion of fleet submarines to transport tasks and the massive influx of American aid to Australia meant that a decisive anti-shipping campaign was far beyond Japan's capabilities.
Part of the IJN's problem related to an inadequate doctrine, which saw submarines as an adjunct to the battle fleet rather than an independent strategic weapon. But it would be wrong to think that the operations by Japanese submarines were insignificant. In addition to the direct effect of sinkings and damage, their activities were an important factor in a series of industrial disputes within Australia's maritime workforce that hampered cargo flow and exacerbated the shipping shortage. Moreover, any doctrinal shortcomings should not obscure the success of individual Japanese submarine commanders. Lieutenant K. MATSUMURA of I-21, for example, was one of the most successful commanders of the war in terms of merchant tonnage sunk. More than half his total of almost 60,000 tons was achieved in Australian waters.
The Australian response to the threat varied according to the levels of enemy submarine activity. The first sinking by an enemy submarine off the east coast took place on 3 June 1942 and, to its credit, the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) was swift to introduce coastal convoys. On 8 June, nine merchant ships began their passage from Sydney to Brisbane, escorted by a destroyer and a corvette. Thereafter, convoy escort became the primary focus of naval operations in Australian waters and an ongoing and critical task for local naval authorities. During 1943–1944, the anti-submarine campaign involved more than a third of the RAN's resources in men and tonnage. The maritime squadrons of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) were likewise heavily engaged and, during the peak of the Japanese campaign, the RAAF employed three additional reserve squadrons. Even training aircraft were ordered to carry weapons and keep a sharp lookout for submarines.
The scale of Allied shipping movements on the east coast and in support of the New Guinea campaign has rarely been appreciated by Australian military historians. In May 1943 alone, 172 coastal and oceanic convoys travelled to and from Australian ports. The RAAF provided day air cover to every one of these convoys when within range, while the Allied navies provided an average of two escorts per convoy. Australian warships provided the largest proportion of the escort force, while the remainder was a constantly changing mixture of American, Dutch, British, Indian and Free French vessels. Between 1942 and 1944, more than 6,500 Allied steamers travelled safely to and from Australia. More importantly, over the same period almost 190,000 Australian military personnel were transported to New Guinea without loss from enemy action.
The most important recent publication on the IJN is Kaigun: Strategy, tactics and technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941 (Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press, 1997), by D.C. Evans and M.R. Peattie. Reference to this book would be a good starting point for any researcher wishing to understand the IJN's force structure decisions and general capabilities in the lead up to the Second World War. There have also been several good general reference works dealing specifically with the IJN's submarine force. The two most deserving of close examination are Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy 1904–1945 (London: Conway, 1986), by Norman Polmar and Dorr B. Carpenter; and The Japanese submarine force and World War II (Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press, 1995), by Carl Boyd and Akhiko Yoshida. Both provide some coverage of Australian operations within the context of the overall submarine campaign, the latter work offering a better analysis of Japanese campaign planning and the constraints under which the IJN laboured. Boyd and Yoshida have also included an extensive bibliography covering both Japanese and English language sources. Now somewhat dated, but still offering a useful comparison between the Japanese and American approach to submarine warfare, is Undersea victory: The influence of submarine operations on the war in the Pacific, by W.J. Holmes (New York: Doubleday, 1966). Presenting a valuable personal perspective on submarine operations are two works written by former IJN officers: Sunk: The story of the Japanese submarine fleet (New York: Henry Holt, 1954), by HASHIMOTO Mochitsura (translated by E.H.M. Colegrave.); and I-Boat captain (Canoga Park: Major Books, 1976), by ORITA Zenji and Joseph D. Harrington. Although both exhibit numerous small errors, they do contain some details on the Australian campaign not readily available elsewhere.
The best starting point for the Australian perspective on the campaign is undoubtedly the 22-volume official history series Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Despite the extremely broad scope of Australia's war at sea, the two volumes covering the RAN by G.H. Gill, Royal Australian Navy 1939–1942 (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1957), and Royal Australian Navy 1942–1945 (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1968), provide a reasonably comprehensive survey of naval activities in local waters. The two glaring weaknesses are the scarcity of information from Japanese sources and, because they were written before the general revelation of Allied code-breaking success, the lack of coverage given to the signals intelligence side of the anti-submarine campaign. Similar strengths and problems are apparent in the two relevant RAAF volumes: D. Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force 1939–1942 (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1962); and George Odgers, Air war against Japan 1943–1945 (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1957, reprinted 1968). Unfortunately, there is little coverage of sea transport and logistic problems in the four army volumes devoted to the Pacific war, but the volume in the civil series by S.J. Butlin and C.B. Schedvin, War economy 1942–1945 (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1977), does examine the shipping crisis in some detail. Another civil volume, The role of science and industry (Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1958), by D.P. Mellor, gives brief consideration to the local production of the "Asdic" underwater echo-ranging device.
Some of the limitations apparent in the official histories can be alleviated by reference to the numerous books written since the 1970s, when Australian researchers gained increasing access to official records. The two best works on the overall submarine campaign are those by Stephen Carruthers, Australia under siege: Japanese submarine raiders 1942 (Sydney: Solus Books, 1982), and David Jenkins, Battle surface: Japan's submarine war against Australia 1942–44 (Sydney: Random House, 1992). Australia under siege was the first to seriously reassess the campaign and look deeper into the intelligence aspects. Battle surface provides more and better analysis and, to date, offers the most comprehensive survey of information from primary and secondary Japanese sources. Jenkins also includes an extensive bibliography. Central to both books is the midget submarine attack on Sydney Harbour. The interest in this incident has inspired several other works of which the first was J.F. Moyes, Mighty midgets (Sydney: NSW Bookstall Co., 1946). More important are Hugh Clarke and T. Yamashita's, Fire one (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1978, first published by Horwitz in 1966 as To Sydney by stealth), and The coffin boats: Japanese midget submarine operations in the Second World War (London: Leo Cooper, 1986), by Peggy Warner and SENO Sadao. Less trustworthy in fact and more fanciful in assessment are two works by Lew Lind: The midget submarine attack on Sydney (Sydney: Bellrope Press, 1990); and Toku tai: Japanese submarine operations in Australian waters (Maryborough: Kangaroo Press, 1992). Notwithstanding their shortcomings, Lind's books benefit from the author's close working association with members of the Japanese Midget Submarine Association.
Standing out, by virtue of their unique subject matter and detailed coverage, are two further books on particular aspects of the underwater campaign. The first, Sensuikan I-124 (Darwin: Tall Stories, 1997), by Tom Lewis, deals primarily with the exploits of a Japanese minelaying submarine, sunk by the RAN off Darwin in January 1942. The second, Australian Hospital Ship Centaur: The myth of immunity (Hendra: Nairana Publications, 1993), by Chris Milligan and John Foley, includes a thorough assessment of Japanese activities off Australia at the time of Centaur's sinking in May 1943. Although concerned more with German operations, U-boat far from home: The epic voyage of U-862 to Australia and New Zealand (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1997), by D.M. Stevens, does include some comparisons with Japanese submarine operations in the Pacific. Stevens has dealt directly with facets of the submarine and anti-submarine campaign in three articles published in the Journal of the Australian War Memorial: "I-174 the last Japanese submarine off Australia" (April 1993); "The role of radio intelligence in the anti-submarine war around Australia 1942–45" (October 1994); and "The sinking of HMAS Kuttabul: a reassessment" (April 1995). Two related articles, "The war cruise of I-6, March 1943" and "The role of maritime power in the New Guinea campaign 1942–43" were published in the Australian Defence Force Journal in September/October 1993 and July/August 1995 respectively.
Although the targets of the Japanese attacks, the vessels and men of the Merchant Navy receive the smallest share of the coverage in popular histories. Still an important resource, despite its age, is Ships in battledress (Sydney: Currawong Publishing, 1945), by J.H. Adams. Books dealing with specific shipping lines obviously focus on the vessels of particular fleets, but are no less important for that. Publications of this type include: War service of the Merchant Navy: A record of the participation of the merchant ships of Huddart Parker Ltd. (Melbourne: Huddart Parker Ltd., 1951); S.W. Roskill, A merchant fleet at war: Alfred Holt & Co. 1939–1945 (London: Collins, 1962); and B.A. Wilkinson & R.K. Willson, The main line fleet of Burns Philp (Canberra: The Nautical Association of Australia, Inc., 1981). American ships attacked in Australian waters are dealt with by A careless word … a needless sinking (New York: American Merchant Marine Museum, 1984), by A.R. Moore. Although dealing specifically with the service of RAN personnel manning the guns of Defensively Equipped Merchant Ships (DEMS), DEMS? What's DEMS? (Brisbane: Boolarong Publications, 1986), by Alex Marcus, provides a more general narrative covering most of the merchant ships lost or damaged off the Australian coast.
Finally, mention must be made of the increasing number of books written about individual RAN units. Many of these "ship histories" are written and published by former crew members and, not surprisingly, vary markedly in content and quality. Some consist primarily of reproductions of official reports and a brief narrative, while others rely solely on reminiscences. Despite their failings, these works can be of great value in providing a personal perspective, and are often the only record of wartime experience at the junior sailor level. Importantly, several of these books deal with the operations of the Australian-built corvettes, which bore the brunt of the escort task, but which have tended to be overlooked in many more general histories. Also worthy of review are what might be termed "illustrated histories", such as The secret battle 1942–44: The convoy battle off the east coast of Australia during World War II (Ringwood: Lamont Publishing, 1995), by R. Wallace, a former seaman in HMAS Warrnambool. In a somewhat similar vein are the four volumes in the HMAS series, published by the Australian War Memorial during the Second World War. In addition to official artwork and photographs, each of these volumes includes a number of personal anecdotes and short stories. Notwithstanding the restrictions imposed by wartime censorship, several of these essays provide vivid pictures of convoy duties and anti-submarine activity off Australia's coast.
Archival sources
Because of the covert nature of much of the Japanese submarine campaign, its broad scope and the variety of nationalities and services taking part, official records tend to be somewhat dispersed. Search aids for the National Archives of Australia and the Australian War Memorial are easily accessed through their web sites and are also covered by Professor David Horner in his research essay "Official Australian records of the Pacific War". What follows here are some of the more important series held by the major institutions, together with a small sample of key files that illustrate the type of material that may be accessed. However, in addition to the records held in Australian archives, a researcher looking to explore new viewpoints may find it necessary to consult archival repositories in the United States. The latter are a particularly important source for translations of original Japanese records, especially since the IJN destroyed much of its own material at the end of the war.
Australian War Memorial (AWM)
The records held by the AWM cover the full range of material from technical and intelligence reports through to captured documents and private diaries. They are particularly valuable for technical and sociological studies. Important references to the Japanese submarine campaign can often be found in unexpected areas. For example, an intelligence report by HQ 1 Aust Corps (AWM 54, 423/11/132), dated 5 August 1942, contains a realistic assessment of the failings of Australian anti-submarine measures, one not readily apparent from RAN and RAAF records.
PR84/47 Technical report on Japanese midget submarines
PR85/161 Aircraft over Sydney
PR86/241 Salvage of midget submarine
AWM 54, Written records, 1939–1945 War
81/4/51 RAAF maritime trade protection narrative
423/11/2 COIC weekly summaries
504/9/2 Submarine shelling of Sydney Harbour
505/4/16 K. NAKAMURA's report on Japanese submarines off E. Coast of Australia, 1942
622/5/1 Strikes by Navy on enemy submarines
622/5/4 Appreciations – Japanese submarine movements in Australian waters, May 1943
917/7/2 Characteristics of Japanese submarines
AWM 55/56, Advanced ATIS publications
Enemy publication No. 288, Characteristics of submarines and anti-submarine operations.
Interrogation report No. 56, officer from I-1
AWM 58, Translations of Japanese documents
058 Extracts from translated diary of member of I-1
0323 Translated notebook from submarine I-1
0648 I-1 operations log
AWM 69, Official History 1939–45 War, Series 2 (Navy): Records of G.H. Gill
23/3 Enemy submarines on the Australian coast
23/16 Merchant ship losses, war bonuses and extra risk pay
23/32 Organisation of convoys around Australian coast
23/86 DEMS personnel
23/90 Merchant shipping sunk by enemy action.
82 Australian coastal convoys
185 Japanese midget submarines attack on Sydney Harbour
AWM 78, Reports of proceedings, HMA Ships and establishments
These contain a monthly summary of each ship's activities
AWM 124, Naval Historical Records collection
4/473 Report of investigation into Japanese torpedo
4/474 Condensed report of Japanese torpedo
U/K Death of a sub (documentary broadcast of the killing of the first enemy submarine to be sunk in Australian waters)
AWM 188, Naval Historical Section research files
6 Japanese submarine activity in South West Pacific
28 Convoys
40 Enemy submarines on the Australian coast
43 Merchant ship losses and damage
National Archives of Australia (NAA)
Notwithstanding the AWM collection, the NAA is probably the more important source for the official Australian campaign record in the form of reports, correspondence and messages from service and government authorities. These records are essential for an understanding of higher direction and policy, but also cover the specifics of individual anti-submarine actions, and are thus equally vital for studies of command and tactics. NAA repositories exist in each state capital and records tend to reside in the repository closest to the originating agency. As a result, wartime Navy Office records, including signals intelligence aspects, are generally held in Melbourne (Victoria), while many of the records produced by the Naval Officer-in-Charge (NOIC) Sydney remain in Sydney (New South Wales). Most RAAF and Commonwealth Government records reside in Canberra (Australian Capital Territory).
NAA Australian Capital Territory
AA 1969/100 Royal Australian Air Force Unit Records, 1937–1961
A 816 Defence Correspondence Files, 1928–1958
43/302/18 Special Intelligence Organisation
A1196 Air Force Office Correspondence Files, 1935–1960
A2031 Defence Committee Minutes, 1926–
A2585 Naval Board Minutes, 1905–1976
A2682 Advisory War Council Minutes, 1940–1945
NAA Victoria
B5553 Fleet Radio Unit Melbourne, periodic summaries, 1944–1945
MP 456/4 Salvage Board, general correspondence, 1942–1946
MP 1049/5 Navy Office, correspondence files, 1923–1950
2021/8/362 Documents captured from I-1
2026/12/432 Reports from O.C. convoys, 1942
2026/12/543 Report of torpedo attack on O.C. 93
MP1587/1 Historical Records Files 1912–1964 (some items in this series are retained by the Naval Historical Directorate, Canberra)
155E Submarine attack SS Portmar and LST 469
155U Submarines, Japanese
174AB Captured documents from I-1
283C Enemy and Allied minefields
316A CINCPAC bulletins
Naval Historical Directorate (NHD)
A less widely known organisation, but one that should be considered by any researcher into Australian naval history, is the RAN's Naval Historical Directorate (Naval Headquarters, CP4-1-003, Campbell, ACT, 2601, Tel: 02 6265 9111). The NHD may be visited during normal office hours, but an appointment should be made before arriving. Although not an archival repository, the NHD holds a substantial amount of information on RAN ships and personnel, including narratives of their wartime activities. The NHD also retains the wartime card index system used by the RAN to track the movements of individual merchant ships. An extremely important resource for the anti-submarine campaign is the "RAN Daily Narrative", which covers almost the entire period of the war, and provides daily assessments of enemy activity together with convoy and escort details. Other relevant material held by the NHD includes translated portions of the war diaries of the Japanese submarines I-6 and I-174, and a copy of the PhD thesis, The impact of the submarine threat on Australia's maritime defence 1915–54 (UNSW, 2000), by D.M. Stevens.
Naval Historical Center, Washington DC
In October 1945, General Headquarters (GHQ), Far East Command, directed the Japanese Government to prepare a complete history of the war in the Pacific. This history developed as a series of monographs written by former officers of the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy. These monographs now provide the primary translated source materials held by the Naval Historical Center. They are held in microfilm format. Those monographs covering submarine operations in Australian waters include:
# 102 Submarine operations (December 1941–April 1942)
# 108 Submarine operations in first phase operations (December 1941–April 1942)
# 110 Submarine operations in second phase operations, Part I (April–August 1942)
# 111 Submarine operations in second phase operations, Part II (August 1942–March 1943)
# 163 Submarine operations in third phase operations, Part I (March–November 1943)
Another product of GHQ Far East Command was the 1952 publication The Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II. This offers an organisational breakdown of the Japanese submarine command through to December 1943.
The Naval Historical Centre also holds relevant documents in Box 86 "Records of Japanese Navy", together with 230 reels of microfilm containing original Japanese source material in the JD (Japanese Document) series. JD-37 to JD-39 include various unit and individual submarine records. These documents are in Japanese, but portions of JD-38 covering the March 1943 war diary of I-6 have been translated into English and are now held by the NHD in Canberra.
Also available on microfilm are the "Reports of the US Naval Technical Mission to Japan 1945–46", which includes a large number of reports prepared by USN and Royal Navy officers interrogating Japanese officers and examining Japanese equipment. The library of the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra holds a copy of this series. Of most interest are:
·	No. S-01-1 Ship and related targets, Characteristics of Japanese naval vessels, Submarines, January 1946.
·	No. S-01-6 Ship and related targets, Characteristics of Japanese naval vessels, Submarines, Supplement I, January 1946.
·	No. S-01-7 Ship and related targets, Characteristics of Japanese naval vessels, Submarines, Supplement II, January 1946.
·	No. S-17 Ship and related targets, Japanese submarine operations, February 1946.
Any serious research into the specifics of Japanese submarine operations off Australia will eventually require an examination of RG 457, Records of the National Security Agency, which may be viewed at the US National Archives at College Park, Maryland. The sheer enormity of the holdings is daunting, and range from memorandums, messages, studies and reports, through to decrypted copies of individual Japanese naval messages. The following listings provide some idea of the content, but are in no way exhaustive.
Entry 9002 Studies on cryptology
·	SRH-64	Japanese Submarine Operations, 23–25 Jan 1942
·	SRH-144	Radio intelligence in World War II, Tactical Operations Pacific, Feb 1943.
·	SRH-287	Radio intelligence in World War II, Tactical Operations Pacific, Mar 1943.
·	SRH-288	Radio intelligence in World War II, Tactical Operations Pacific, Apr 1943.
Entry 9014 Translation reports of intercepted Japanese naval messages, 1942–1946
·	SRN1–290908 Individual translations: Japanese Navy messages
Entry 9015 Japanese naval radio intelligence summaries, 1942–1946
·	SRNS – 1517 "Fleet Radio Unit Melbourne, 7th Fleet daily digests 20 Mar 1942–31 Oct 1944"
·	SRNS – 1518 "Fleet Radio Unit Melbourne, 7th Fleet out/in messages Mar 1942–Mar 1944"
·	SRNS – 11459/1516 "Declassified traffic intelligence summaries of Japanese naval forces 1942–46"
Entry 9020 United States Navy records relating to cryptology, 1941–1945
·	SRMN – 004 "OP-20G file of CINCPAC intelligence bulletins 16 Mar–1 June 1942"
·	SRMN – 006 "Summaries/translations of JAPANESE messages Feb–Dec 42"
·	SRMN – 008 "CINCPAC and COMFOURTEEN CI bulletins/radio digests 1 Mar–31 Dec 42"
·	SRMN – 009 "CINCPAC fleet intelligence summaries 22 Jun-8 May 1943"
·	SRMN – 013 "Commander in Chief, Pacific intell bulletins 1 June 42–23 Sep 45"
Another valuable resource in the US National Archives is RG 331, "Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), monographs 1945–51: History of the non-military activities of the occupation of Japan". SCAP-783 covers the investigations into the sinking of the Australian Hospital Ship Centaur and includes interrogation reports of Japanese submarine officers involved in operations off Australia.
Between 1942 and 1944 Japanese submarines regularly operated off the Australian coast. Far more than the activities of enemy surface raiders or aircraft, submarine attacks were widespread and took place over a significant period of time. Despite the campaign's potential to seriously disrupt Australia's economy and war effort it has so far received very little academic attention. No operational studies were conducted by the Australian armed services, and the literature published since the war has been restricted primarily to narrative accounts and personal reminiscences. Many facets of the submarine campaign in Australian waters were unique and this lessens to some extent the specific value of the huge body of research already conducted into anti-submarine warfare in the Atlantic. The limitations of this broader context mean that many of the issues surrounding the Australian campaign, including those of emerging technology, policy, strategy, tactics and training, still deserve a more complete and thorough analysis.
The AJRP has wound up its activities at the Memorial for the moment.
Please contact the relevant officer of the Australian War Memorial for assistance.
Visit the Australian War Memorial home page.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The child looked at me with utter guilt on her face while I smiled at her. She had spilt water all around the toilet. She felt bad about me having to clean it up. It had been a long time since someone sympathised with me.
So I smiled at her to put her at ease. She flashed a shy smile towards me and hurried out, leaving me all alone in the three cubicle restroom. I looked at my cell phone to check the time. It was 3pm and the next show must have started. Three hours of relative peace till the movie ends.
I should eat something, but I should clean up the mess first. And so I did what I'm supposed to do; I mopped.
"No," and with that I started with my dry paratha and water.
I wished to join them, or even the waiters and waitresses who ate their lunch in the food court. But I was the maasi; I belonged to the bathrooms and I was to eat there too.
The radio app in my cell phone helps me pass the time. I had bought it just two month ago for Rs2,000. I looked at it fondly as it played old melodious music from my past.
And then it began, like it did after every three hours, an influx of women coming and going to the toilet. I call this time period the 'sailaab' in my head because the room is flooded with women and children, and the sinks and toilets are flooded with water. For some it was nature's call, some wanted to fix their make-up and some had to attend to their baby's diaper.
The oddest of the bunch were the burqaposh transformations. I used to find it to so peculiar when they would take off their burqas and go for the movie in fitted jeans or a kameez with tights and would come back to transform back into the burqaposh after the movie.
As I moved around and cleaned the soap spilt, a couple of young girls rushed inside, giggling away. They would pose and make funny pictures while taking pictures of themselves. Of all the nice places in the mall, I wondered why they would want to take pictures in a lavatory.
The girls laughed and then they left.
Finally alone, I looked at myself in the mirror. It was not what the girl had said that affected me; it was her tone and that disgust in her voice that had stung.
I looked at myself in the mirror again, and then I continued mopping.
I look forward to reading more of ur articles buddie !! .


text:
Online myth busters fight tide of fake news in India
Published Monday, April 23, 2018
As grief and outrage over the rape and murder of an eight-year-old crescendoed in India last week, a wrenching video of the supposed victim singing "her last song" lit up phones across the country.
But it was a hoax. The clip was nearly a year old and the girl someone entirely different, a lie that was discovered by a team of fact checkers who debunk the "fake news" shared by millions of Indians every day.
It is a herculean task exposing fake news before it spreads like wildfire in India, where an estimated quarter of a billion people use Facebook, WhatsApp and other social media platforms.
Small teams of myth busters must compete with huge volumes of content being shared in a multitude of languages, in many cases by first-time internet users unskilled in discerning fact from fiction.
Independent fact checkers know the stakes are especially high in India, where fake news has quickly ignited violence.
Erroneous rumours of a salt shortage sparked panic across four states in November, triggering stampedes outside marketplaces that left one woman dead and countless injured.
Angry mobs in eastern India beat seven men to death in May after they were accused of child trafficking in unverified messages circulated on social media.
- Velocity creates veracity -
Govindraj Ethiraj, founder and editor of Boom, a fact-checking website, said his team encountered at least a dozen instances of fake news a day "that can cause serious harm".
"India is perhaps the only country where there are such violent outcomes of fake news," he told AFP.
"The way it manifests itself in India, I don't think it happens in any other country. We are worst affected by this menace."
Boom, which revealed the viral clip of the alleged child rape victim to be a fake, has just six people on its staff and is one of a handful of independent fact-checking teams in India.
Facebook this week announced a partnership with Boom to monitor state polls in Karnataka, its first such initiative in India, as the social media giant faces global scrutiny over its platform being misused to meddle in elections.
India is one of the world's largest and fastest-growing internet markets, with just over a third of its 1.25 billion people connected to the web.
Cheap data packages and inexpensive smartphones are bringing millions of new users online who are often unable to detect real news from fake, said Pratik Sinha, founder of "anti-propaganda site" AltNews.
"Suddenly people, especially from rural areas, are inundated with information and are unable to distinguish what is real from what is not," he told AFP.
"They tend to believe whatever is sent to them."
Many of the hoaxes debunked by AltNews have incendiary potential: false allegations of low-caste Indians going on a destructive rampage.
Ethiraj said this content often swirled "in corners of the country that we don't even know about", going viral in one of India's myriad regional languages.
Once it takes off, it can be hard to stop: "Velocity creates veracity. People start believing it," he said.
It was a problem that "lawmakers and the police are finding difficult to deal with", Ethiraj added.
- Photoshopped pictures -
Prime Minister Narendra Modi this month reversed an order to punish journalists found guilty of reporting fake news after an outcry over press freedom.
Some government ministers from the Hindu right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have fallen foul of fake news.
Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman tweeted about an Oscar-winning music director supporting a BJP curb on cow slaughter, later conceding the information "seems unverified".
Cow slaughter is a hot-button issue in India as the majority Hindus consider the animal sacred.
A photo of Modi sweeping a floor went viral ahead of the 2014 election he won with a thumping mandate. It was later revealed the image was doctored.
A year later, an image of Modi surveying flood damage was pulled from a government website after being exposed as photoshopped.
Pankaj Jain, founder of SMHoaxslayer.com, said the rise of fake news presented challenges ahead of India's 2019 general election and it was important to present the truth to the people.
"They need to be shown the truth in the way in which they consume (news) most like regional language channels and newspapers," he said.


An 83-year-old virgin has found love with a 90-year-old father of 10 as she exchanged marital vows with him at St. James Cathedral, Kigorobya, Hoima District of Uganda.
In the shocking event of the life of an Octogenarian identified as Naom, age is just a ticking of the clock as her age did not deter her from falling in love.
Bishop Kyamanywa, who officiated the event, used the couples case as a point of reference in emphasising the claim that it is never too late for God to bless his believers.
UgBliz reports that the cleric thanked the couple for waiting for their special day.
Kyamanywa said the couple have challenged the young generation to follow the guidance of God.
He said that so far in his pastoral years, he has never wed a couple of this age.
Naom was revealed by doctors to be a first class virgin at 83 as at 24th December 2017.
Her husband, Rwakaikara, has 10 children from his first marriage with his late wife and 40 grandchildren.
The Octogenarian was the world's oldest female virgin until her marriage and has earned a name for herself as the oldest virgin to ever wed.


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USED: Walker kettle, 100 gallon, 316 stainless steel, vertical. 28" diameter x 35" straight side, open top with a 1 piece hinged cover, dish bottom. Internal rated atmos at 325 deg F. 304 stainless steel jacket rated 92 psi at 325 deg F for heating and 95 psi at 100 deg F for cooling. 1/2" diameter bottom internal coil assembly, approximately 16 turns (no rating). Openings: top 1-1/2" NPT, 2" tri clamp, 3" tri clamp. Approximate 1-1/2" sanitary threaded center bottom outlet. Mounted on 4 stainless steel legs with forklift entry.


text:
Boat sales see big gains in August
The best summer days start warm and bright and you never want them to end. This summer, you couldn't blame boatbuilders for hoping the season itself would linger, prolonging a rally that began in the heat of July and continued in August.
For the second month in a row, new-boat sales rose by double-digit percentages in the main powerboat segments and industrywide, helping builders continue a recovery from the effects of a cold, wet spring.
Led by aluminum pontoon and fishing boats and outboard fiberglass boats, sales in the main segments rose 11.8 percent in August, or 769 boats, to 7,286, from the same month in 2012 in 26 early-reporting states representing about 60 percent of the U.S. market, according to figures compiled by Statistical Surveys.
Statistical Surveys national marine sales manager Ryan Kloppe said the August report is further evidence of a boating season that bloomed late because summer weather was slow to arrive in many parts of the country.
"With no spring, people who wanted to buy a boat waited until it got warm and then went out and bought one," he said.
Pontoon sales climbed 23.1 percent in August to 2,021 boats, giving the consistently popular category the highest percentage increase of any of the industry's high-volume segments. Sales of aluminum fishing boats gained 12.4 percent, or 191, to 1,730, and sales of outboard fiberglass boats from 11 to 40 feet rose 9.6 percent, or 214, to 2,448.
Sales of 14- to 30-foot inboard and sterndrive fiberglass boats bucked the trend and continued to struggle. The segment saw sales fall 6 percent in August, or 59 boats, to 919.
Industrywide sales in the 26 states totaled 12,732, an increase of 12.8 percent, or 1,445 boats, from August 2012. Warm-weather states Florida and Texas were the best performers, reporting 1,989 and 1,977 sales, respectively, but Michigan ranked third with 922.
"Those are great numbers for the month of August for Michigan," Kloppe said. "It's a great boating state."
California (856), North Carolina and New York (both with 657), Georgia (643), South Carolina (532), New Jersey (466) and Tennessee (445) rounded out the top 10 in sales for the month.
With 24 states and nearly half of the market yet to report, the industry has a chance to surpass its 50-state total for August 2012, when 17,984 boats were sold as the market continued a year-long recovery from the Great Recession.
Sales of 31- to 40-foot cruisers rose by 27 in August this year to 88 and sales of 41- to 62-foot yachts climbed by 21 to 69. Sales in the largest size category — custom and semicustom 63- to 99-foot yachts — fell by four to 11.
The Coast Guard was up to date in August on its reports of documented vessels, so the sales figures for boats larger than 31 feet were complete.
Sales of personal watercraft surged, rising by 18.5 percent, to 3,407 units, and ski-boat sales gained 8.9 percent to 430.
Sailboat sales rose by a single boat to 142.
For the year through August in the early-reporting states, sales were up 4 percent from a year earlier in the main segments, or 3,945 boats, at 101,694, and they were essentially flat industrywide — down 15 boats at 159,304.
Kloppe said he was pleased to see that overall sales have overcome the effects of the poor spring and caught up to their 2012 pace.
"Now we'll see whether we can get some gains in the next few months," he said.
— Jack Atzinger


text:
Linospora salicis-reticulatae är en svampart som tillhör divisionen sporsäcksvampar, och som beskrevs av Michel Monod. Linospora salicis-reticulatae ingår i släktet Linospora, och familjen Gnomoniaceae. Arten är reproducerande i Sverige.

Källor

Sporsäcksvampar
salicis-reticulatae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Wellington Phoenix have addressed speculation that they are considering selling a large stake in the club to a Southwest Sydney consortium, after reports suggested New Zealand's only fully professional football club could be heading across the Tasman.
Yesterday, News Corp Australia reported that a memorandum of understanding had been agreed between the two parties. The sale would see the club become the third A-league side based in Sydney.
But today the Phoenix released a statement refuting the claims.
"We can reiterate however, as stated by the Chairman Rob Morrison recently, that the club is not looking to sell its licence."
"Of more immediate concern to the club is the state of the A League.
"With double digit falls in viewership levels, falling crowd numbers and all clubs losing money there has to be a material change to the construct of the League.
"The best case scenario for the A League clubs, including the Phoenix, is the creation of a truly independent A League with new management and a distribution of revenues that reflect the way they are generated.
"The needed structural changes will not happen in the short term but it is clearly imperative that decisive action is taken now by the FFA ahead of the 18/19 season to halt the decline in the Leagues metrics. Tinkering around the edges with marquee funds and the like is not sufficient."


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Centrica has decided to close the Rough storage facility on a permanent basis following extensive safety tests.
It was announced today that the Rough gas storage facility will remain offline permanently due to safety concerns. Centrica, the operators of Rough have confirmed the shutdown following numerous tests and have now deemed the facility to be unsafe to continue storage operations and receive injections.
Rough is the UK's largest gas storage facility but Centrica have confirmed that trying to extend the lifespan of an already ageing facility would not make economic sense.
The storage site has long surpassed its design life and its components have been in decline for some time, causing various technical issues. It was confirmed in April that no storage injections would take place at the facility during the 2017/18 gas year as more safety testing was to be conducted.
"CSL has now completed the wells testing programme and has analysed the results of this extensive programme. CSL has also completed a review into the feasibility of returning Rough to injection and storage operations and concluded that, as a result of the high operating pressures involved, and the fact that the wells and facilities are at the end of their design life and have suffered a number of different failure modes while testing, CSL cannot safely return the assets and facilities to injection and storage operations.
"Furthermore, from a commercial perspective, an assessment of both the economics of seasonal storage today, and the costs of refurbishment or rebuilding the facility and replacing the wells, suggests that both pathways would not be economic.
This news is expected to impact gas prices over the next few months, and you can keep up-to-date with any developments with our daily energy market analysis.


Utah birdwatchers are trying to close a popular public space to hunting because they're mad that hunters scared off a rare (for that area) duck. Seriously. But of course they're framing it as a "safety" issue.
visitors, Mortensen said, making the area a dangerous place for shooting anyway.
believe a hunter shot at the rare ducks.
hunters out of a traditional public hunting spot. Thoughts?


text:
Dementia Care & Support at Home Limited
Dementia Care & Support at Home Limited Good
This announced inspection took place on 21 and 22 June 2018. The inspection was announced because the service provides a domiciliary care service and we needed to make sure the registered manager would be available to facilitate the inspection.
Dementia Care & Support at Home is a domiciliary care service based in the Swinton area of Salford, Greater Manchester. People using the service receive care and support from staff at home, with packages of care funded by both the local authority and self-funders.
This was the first inspection we had carried out at Dementia Care & Support at Home. This was because the service re-registered with CQC in May 2017 and meant any previous inspections were associated with the old location.
At the time of the inspection there were approximately 42 people using the service, however only 38 were in receipt of a regulated activity which was personal care. Other people using the service were supported with domestic duties such as cooking and cleaning. As such we only focussed on people in receipt of a regulated activity during the inspection.
During this inspection, we found the service to be meeting the requirements of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014, however have made four recommendations regarding accident and incident monitoring, care plans, medication and staff team meetings.
There was a registered manager in post. A registered manager is a person who has registered with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) to manage the service. Like registered providers, they are 'registered persons.' Registered persons have legal responsibility for meeting the requirements in the Health and Social Care Act 2008 and associated Regulations about how the service is run.
People told us they felt safe as result of the care and support they received and staff understood their responsibility with regards to safeguarding and how to report concerns.
Staff were recruited safely, with appropriate checks undertaken before staff commenced employment.
Staff told us they felt there were sufficient numbers of staff available to support people and said their weekly rotas were well managed. Some people said staff did not always turn up on time, but said they were contacted by staff from the office to let them know what was going on. People said missed visits were rare, but were again kept informed by staff.
People had individual risk assessments in their care plans and the service maintained and log of any accidents and incidents which had occurred, which detailed any follow up actions taken. Trends analysis of accidents was not routinely undertaken and we have made a recommendation about this in the detailed findings of the report.
People told us they received their medication on time and said staff watched them taking it and gave them a glass of water. We did identify missing signatures on four people's medication administration records (MAR) we looked at. Medication audits of these MAR had stated there we no gaps in recording. We did note however that staff had recorded in the daily communication log, that people had been given their medication as prescribed. We have made a recommendation about this in the detailed findings of the report.
Staff told us they received enough training, induction, supervision and appraisal to support them in their role.
People told us they received enough to eat and drink. Staff had a good understanding about how to support people, such as ensuring people received plenty of extra fluids during the hot weather.
The people we spoke with told us they were happy with the care and support they received and described staff as kind and caring.
At the time of the inspection the registered manager was in the process of re-writing all care plans within the service. Therefore, staff were using the support plan provided by the local authority, where an overview of each person's care needs was recorded. We have made a recommendation about this in
Inspection Report Published 25 July 2018 PDF | 82.31 KB (opens in a new tab)
The service was safe; however we have made a recommendation regarding accident and incident monitoring.
There were enough staff available to meet people's care needs.
Appropriate systems were in place to safeguard people from abuse.
People received their medication as prescribed, however we have made a recommendation regarding medication auditing processes.
Staff received the appropriate induction, training, supervision and appraisal to support them in their role.
People told us they received enough to eat and drink.
People said staff sought their consent before care was delivered.
People who used the service and their relatives made positive comments about the care they received.
People said they felt treated with dignity and respect.
People spoke fondly of the staff who cared for them.
The service was responsive; however we have made a recommendation regarding care plans.
Complaints were handled appropriately.
People had access to activities within the community.
There were systems in place to seek feedback from people who used the service and relatives.
The service was well-led; however we have made a recommendation regarding staff team meetings.
We received positive feedback about management and leadership.
Staff told us they enjoyed working for the service.
Appropriate policies and procedures were in place.
Premier Care Limited - Salford Homecare Branch
In Greater Manchester, M27 4HL
Creative Support - Salford Physical Disabilities Service
In Manchester, M27 8QR
Creative Support - Salford Complex Needs Learning Disability Service
In Greater Manchester, M27 6AH


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text:
VIEWING FIGURES
Eurovision Song Contest 2021: Viewing figures
183 million viewers tuned in to watch one of the three shows of Eurovision Song Contest 2021. Several of the national broadcasters have also revealed their country viewing numbers
By Steven Spiteri 31 May 2021
Tags:Viewing FiguresRotterdam 2021BroadcastingEvent
The Eurovision Song Contest 2021 has come to an end with Italy winning the 65th edition whom were represented by Måneskin and their song "Zitti e buoni".
The two Semi-finals and the final had in total 183 million viewers, according to EBU's statistics. The numbers of viewers has increased from the last contest that was held in 2019.
Viewing Figures by year (All shows)
Eurovision 2021: 183 million
Related storyViewing figures: How many people watched Eurovision 2022?
Viewing Figures by country (Grand Final 2021)
Many Broadcasters are revealing their country's average viewing numbers during the Grand Final. Below you can find the viewer figures for 2021 together with a comparison to the numbers of viewers in 2019, when the last contest was held.
We will update this story when the broadcaster's viewing figures are made public.
Australia: 288,000 (412,000 in 2019) -30%
Austria: 596,000 (627,000 in 2019) -5%
Belgium: 1,925,000 (1,198,000 in 2019) +61%
Cyprus: 173,730 (180,000 in 2019) -3%
Denmark: 533,000 (1,090,000 in 2019) -51%
Estonia: 141,000 (201,000 in 2019) -30%
Finland: 1,400,000 (538,000 in 2019) +160%
France: 5,492,000 (4,780,000 in 2019) +15%
Germany: 7,700,000 (7,500,000 in 2019) +3%
Greece: 2,035,000 (1,863,000 in 2019) +9%
Iceland: 138,000 (171,000 in 2019) -19%
Ireland: 359,000 (284,700 in 2019) +26%
Italy: 4,300,000 (3,539,000 in 2019) +24%
Lithuania: 997,600 (302,000 in 2019) +230%
Netherlands: 5,400,000 (4,409,000 in 2019) +21%
Norway: 1,481,000 (1,247,000 in 2019) +19%
Poland: 1,500,000 (1,150,000 in 2019) +30%
Portugal: 1,200,000 (554,000 in 2019) +117%
Romania: 178,000 (147,000 in 2019) +21%
Spain: 4,000,000 (5,449,000 in 2019) -27%
Sweden: 2,900,000 (2,566,000 in 2019) +13%
United Kingdom: 7,400,000 (7,000,000 in 2019) +6%
About the author: Steven Spiteri (Malta)
Steven has been a huge Eurovision fan since 1995. He comes from a small town called Birkirkara located in Malta and graduated in Business & Administration. Steven follows all the national finals and Eurovision Song Contests every year especially Melodifestivalen and Eesti Laul. He has an endless list of favorites but the all time favorite entry would be Italy's 2016 entry "Nessun grado di separazione" by Francesca Michielin whilst Lisbon 2018 is his favorite Eurovision edition.
Viewing FiguresRotterdam 2021BroadcastingEvent
Found an error in the text? Please let us know
The previous year's winner hosts Eurovision but it's so expensive that nations have pleaded poverty to get out of it. The countries who have opted out include the Netherlands, France, Monaco, and Luxembourg and the job went to the UK four times
Russia's entry "A Million Voices" from 2015 became the first non-winning Eurovision song to score over 300 points
Norway won the contest in 1995 with the song "Nocturne". It contained only 24 words accompanied by long violin solos
Russia withdrew from Eurovision 2017 in Kyiv because the Russian artist Yulia Samoylova was banned from entering Ukraine
The scores of the voting from the 1956-contest have never been made public, leaving room for lots of speculation. Attempts to reconstruct the voting by interviewing jury members over the following five decades did not lead to any reliable outcome


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text:
Q: Least square solution for vector Suppose we have a vector $\vec{x}$ given by the equation
$\vec{x} = \begin{bmatrix}\frac{7}{3}\\-2\\0\end{bmatrix} + t\begin{bmatrix}0\\1\\1\end{bmatrix}$.
I wish to choose $t$ such that the length of $\vec{x}$ is as small as possible.
The solution I have states
$\|\vec{x}\|^2 = \frac{85}{9} - 4t + t^{2}2$
minimizing respect to $t$ yields
$-4 + 4t = 0 \implies t = 1$.
Therefore the smallest $\vec{x}$ is $\begin{bmatrix}\frac{7}{3}\\-1\\1\end{bmatrix}$.
I am a bit confused with how they got $-4 + 4t = 0$ from $\|\vec{x}\|^2$.
Is there something I am missing?
Any help would be appreciated.
Thank you for reading.

A: The first part of the solution finds the magnitude of $\vec x$ in respect to  the variable $t$. The second part optimizes $t$ by finding the derivative of the magnitude of $\vec x$. The derivative $-4t + 4t$ has zeroes that are the maximums and minimums of the parent function. So, by setting the derivative equal to $0$ and solving, we find a value of $t$ such that the value corresponds to the minimum of the magnitude. You can tell that it is a minimum by inspection; the function of magnitude in respect to $t$ is an upward facing parabola, so its vertex is a minimum. Then, you just plug in said value of $t$ (which in this case is 1) into the original vector $\vec x$ and voila, you have your minimum length of the vector.

A: If you take the derivative of $\|x\|^2$ with respect to $t$ and set it to zero, you obtain a minimum or maximum.
But since the euclidean norm is convex and differentiable, you know that it has to be a minimum and not just that, it also is a global minimum due to convexity.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How can I fetch data from another website to my wordpress website with mysql database I can make wordpress website but I have an issue with this. I want to fetch data from another third party website to my own wordpress site with the mysql database.
I want to fetch only one table with the dynamic entries form the third party website.

A: You can set up a new connection from function:
$wpdb_b = new wpdb( "user", "password", "brian_db", "localhost" );
$wpdb_b->get_results( "SELECT * FROM brian_table" );

Happy Coding

A: You should have a remote mysql option in your cpanel to allow you to do that if not then you may ask your hosting provider for more assistance after that:
Use the following configuration settings for connecting to your database:
Host name = (use the server IP address)
Database name = (cpanelUsername_databaseName)
Database username = (cpanelUsername_databaseUsername)
Database password = (the password you entered for that database user)
MySQL Connection Port = 3306


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text:
Q: In the Wicket DropDownChoice how can you replace "Choose one" to another text I have a DropDownChoice like below:
    final DropDownChoice<Term> terms = new DropDownChoice("terms", new Model<Term>(), new Model(new ArrayList(termDao.findAll())), new IChoiceRenderer<Term>() {
        public Object getDisplayValue(Term object) {
            return object.getIdentifier();
        }

        public String getIdValue(Term object, int index) {
            return object.getId().toString();
        }
    });

I want to have "Choose All" instead of "Choose one". How can I do that?

A: I tried Goli's suggestion under wicket 6.4 and it doesn't work. For me the right way is:

*

*It is not necessary to set terms.setMarkupId("termsDDC"); It will work without it

*Exactly as above, if you have a form on the panel (wicket:id="form") and a DropDownChoice on the form (wicket:id="terms"), it doesn't matter, you should name .properties file as mypanel.properties

*In the property file write: form.terms.null=Choose All or form.terms.nullValid=Empty, if the dropdown has setNullValid(true)

A: *

*Set a markup id for your DropDownChoice.: terms.setMarkupId("termsDDC");

*Create a .properties file for your form/panel/page. For example: mypanel.properties

*In the property file write: termsDDC.null=Choose All
Ref: https://cwiki.apache.org/WICKET/dropdownchoice.html

A: I'm using wicket 6.14 (not sure which version it was introduced) and you can just override getNullKeyDisplayValue(), so you would have this:
final DropDownChoice<Term> terms = new DropDownChoice("terms", new Model<Term>(), new Model(new ArrayList(termDao.findAll())), new IChoiceRenderer<Term>() {
    @Override
    protected String getNullKeyDisplayValue() {
        return "Choose All";
    }

    public Object getDisplayValue(Term object) {
        return object.getIdentifier();
    }

    public String getIdValue(Term object, int index) {
        return object.getId().toString();
    }
});

A: I used the two methods:
AbstractSingleSelectChoice#getNullKeyDisplayValue(), AbstractSingleSelectChoice#getNullValidDisplayValue()
which are both accessed through DropDownChoice
 @Override
 protected String getNullKeyDisplayValue() {
    return "Choose All";
 }

and if the DropDownChoice has had setNullValid(true) the method:
     @Override
     protected String getNullValidDisplayValue() {
        return "Choose All";
     }

A: In older Wicket versions (maybe also works in newer versions) you can do the following (tested in Wicket 1.3.7):
Dropdownchoice dropdown = new DropDownChoice("dropdown", list)
{
    @Override
    protected CharSequence getDefaultChoice(Object selected)
    {
        return "<option value=\"\">" + "MY placeholder text" + "</option>";
    }
};
dropdown.setNullValid(true);

Maybe you want to add additional stuff to the option-tag depending on the object "selected". Take a look at the super.getDefaultChoice(Object selected) method for the default implementation.


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