County Treasurer and Flood Recovery Manager Bill Cherry presented to the members of the Board regarding the jail site. He introduced some individuals from LaBella Engineers, Lamont Engineers, the West Law Firm, and BBL Construction.
Cherry said that there are parts of the project will "likely require some bonding." He said that if that was the case, such votes would require a two-thirds majority vote. He hoped that as many of the Supevisors as possible could agree on a decision.
The Treasurer opened the floor for questions. Supervisor Coppolo asked why the description regarding the former fire training center was less detailed than the other sites. A member of Labella Engineering explained that there is adequate information. The Middleburgh Supervisor asked why the wetland determination was made. Labella said that the decision was made with aerial photos and county data. Coppolo then asked why this same method was not used for the Seebold site. Labella said that they used similar methods.
Coppolo then asked why the Mineral Springs site was added back to the recommendations after being removed earlier. He stated that he sits on the committee overseeing the process and hadn't heard anything about it yet. Supervisor Tague said that it was added at the last board meeting. "It was off the table," Coppolo said. Richard Lape replied that this was not the case as it was brought up at the last board meeting. The Middleburgh Supervisor said that he heard otherwise.
McAllister asked about the Doc Reilly site in Cobleskill. Cherry said that there was a concern about water supply. An engineer from Labella said that there is actually enough water at the site but that it is currently limited by a pressure reducer that can be fixed. Approximately 800 feet of line would need to be run to the Doc Reilly site.
None of the sites are perfect, said Cherry. The Doc Reilly Park site would require local, state, and federal signoff.
Supervisor Skowfoe asked if there was a need for further signoff from the Commission of Corrections. Sheriff Anthony Desmond said that he contacted the Commission to determine whether this was the case or not. He said that he was fully supporting the Zicha Road site. It was added by a Deputy that the Commission would only come to examine one site.
Supervisor McAllister said that the Board "cannot forget" the factors of time and cost. "I'm in favor of the fire training center but we need to make a decision soon." Supervisor Larry Bradt of Carlisle said that there is not enough information about the current sites to make a decision. He recommended that there be "further studies done." It could "come back to haunt us," he said.
Supervisor Federice of Conesville said that previous work by the Building and Grounds Committee and Law Enforcement Committee narrowed the process to two or three potential sites. Cherry said that Supervisor Anthony VanGlad of Gilboa recommened the five sites with two as potentially more usable.
Coppolo asked about studies needed for these sites. Labella believes that there is a good survey of information about a direct comparison to the current sites. The engineer added that when the board focused on one site there would be extensive studies. Coppolo asked if it would be feasible to look at all at once. Labella's representative said no.
Supervisor Peggy Hait of Jefferson said that she was supporting the fire training site. She believed that using a portion of the current sites could reduce the cost. "It's a win for the fire service," she said. "All of that stuff is already laid out" at the site, the Supervisor added.
Supervisor Skowfoe asked the engineers, "What kind of guarantee do we have that we pick a site and then an extenuating circumstance like this happens-- at Seebold?" One engineer from Labella said that the firm would do its "diligence" as quickly as possible to make a site. Skowfoe said that there was no guarantee that any site would work.
According to Chair VanWormer, he recently was told that a portion of Doc Reilly Park flooded in 2011. Cherry wasn't sure whether or not the site where the building would go was underwater at the time.
Supervisor Bradt asked who would provide water and sewer for the Zicha Road site. Treasruer Cherry said that there were three options-- one would be to continue the water line from Schoharie. He said that extending utility corridors, such as this one would be difficult. This would run about four miles. Another option, "not nearly as finite" would be to run water from Cobleskill on the Route 7 corridor. It would be slightly more than running from the Village of Schoharie. The third would be using the Central Bridge water system. "The sewage plant can handle the jail," said Supervisor Tague. He said that the extension would only be a mile. He said that he wasn't entirely sure that the water plant as it stands can handle the jail site. Tague added that if the site was chosen, the Towns of Schoharie and Esperance would make sure that the plant was made to handle it. In all three scenarios Central Bridge would provide sewer service.
Supervisor Coppolo said that if the water came from Schoharie, there was concern that in the case of a flood there would be water possibly cut off. He said that he liked the Zicha site but that there was a large concern.
Supervisor Lape asked about the upsides and downsides of the fire training site. An engineer from Labella said that a concern was the presence of federal wetlands on the site. He added that if the site is close to a railroad that inmates may sue for nuisance due to sound and vibration.
Supervisor Harold Vroman made a motion to narrow discussion to just the Zicha Road and the fire training site. This passed almost unanimously with Supervisor Bradt voting no. Supervisor Simkins asked if this could be narrowed further. Tague said "you have one shot at this." He said that all factors, and not just cost have to be considered. "We might now be able to do this for $37 million." He said. Chair VanWormer said keeping both was a good option. Supervisor Coppolo said that "we shouldn't spend any more money on this project," adding that any excess costs should be cut out of design.
Supervisor Skowfoe asked which site the engineers thought was "most productive." A representative from Labella said that whichever was cheaper was a better choice. He also said that a full engineering survey could be done in three months.
Flood Recovery Manager Cherry said that it made sense to look closely at the sites as soon as possible. He said that it was not clear whether or not the Zicha Road site was recently purchased by a new owner. Members of the Board said that it would be necessary to determine this first.
Why are we still talking about Cobleskill? If every other Town is too far why isn't Cobleskill? The ideal place would be Schoharie, or closely near it. Stop messing around and get things going. If the #2 choice before was good enough, why not#1 now?


text:
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中央研究院
1 November 2018 - 31 October 2019
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Analytical Chemistry 7 2.13
Angewandte Chemie International Edition 6 1.87
Chemical Communications 1 0.07
Chemical Science 1 0.50
Inorganic Chemistry 5 1.22
Journal of the American Chemical Society 8 1.94
Macromolecules 1 0.07
Nano Letters 3 0.63
Nature Chemical Biology 1 0.27
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Nature Nanotechnology 1 0.14
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2 0.59
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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
A measurement of the Hubble constant from angular diameter distances to two gravitational lenses
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75.66% International
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National Taiwan University (NTU), Taiwan (41.01)
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Taiwan (15.85)
National Central University (NCU), Taiwan (9.28)
National Yang-Ming University (NYMU), Taiwan (8.97)
National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Taiwan (6.39)
National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), Taiwan (6.30)
National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Taiwan (4.53)
National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Taiwan (4.45)
Taipei Medical University (TMU), Taiwan (4.28)
Formosa Plastics Group, Taiwan (3.49)
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Foreign institution
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China (7.90)
Max Planck Society, Germany (7.40)
Harvard University, United States of America (USA) (6.83)
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), United States of America (USA) (4.92)
The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan (4.70)
The University of Chicago (UChicago), United States of America (USA) (4.24)
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Academia Sinica Computing Center (ASCC)
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Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica
ASIAA Hawaii Operations
Theoretical Institute for Advanced Research in Astrophysics (TIARA), Academia Sinica
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica
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Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica
Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBMS), Academia Sinica
Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica
Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica
Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica
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After agreeing terms with Preston North End, Burton Albion have completed the signing of Shane Cansdell-Sherriff.
The 30-year-old joins the club on a three month loan deal and will be eligible to go straight into the Brewers squad for Saturday's match against Scunthorpe at the Pirelli Stadium.
The Australian-born defender spent the early part of his career at Leeds United before taking in notable spells at Tranmere Rovers and Shrewsbury Town; as well as a stint in Denmark with AGF Aarhus.
The former Australia U17s international arrives with a wealth of experience with over 300 first-team appearances to his name to date.
Cansdell-Sherriff commented: 'I'm pleased to be here and looking forward to it. I've had a good first training session with the lads this morning and hope to be involved Saturday.
Burton Albion Manager Gary Rowett added: 'With the current injuries and suspensions I felt it was important to bring in cover at the back and we are delighted to have acquired the services of Shane who has experience at playing both League 1 and League 2 football.


text:
Gearbox Woes Hamper Pigot's Forward Progress in Long Beach
LONG BEACH, Calif. (April 15, 2018) – Race Notes
– Though he had the pace, Spencer Pigot did not achieve the results he hoped for in today's Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach. Pigot battled a gearbox issue through the midway point of the iconic race through the streets of Long Beach, limiting him to a 15th place finish.
– Leading into race day, Pigot was sidelined all but 10 laps of second practice while his crew swapped out the gear stack of his No. 21 Preferred Freezer Services Chevrolet. In Saturday's third practice, Pigot turned his fastest lap of the weekend at 105.340 miles per hour (mph) was the seventh quickest overall.
– The IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship raced immediately prior to qualifying, leaving slick and challenging track conditions for the Verizon IndyCar Series drivers. Qualification groups were decided by the lap times in the practice session immediately preceding qualifying, assigning Pigot to in Group 2. Pigot started on sticker black tires, pitting after two laps for a set of sticker red Firehawks. His fastest lap of 103.770 mph was not enough to advance him and the 24-year-old started 18th in his second Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach.
– Throughout his first stint, Pigot concentrated heavily on saving fuel. Committed to a two-stop strategy, he gained positions as those on a three-stop strategy began to pit. Though instructed to save fuel, when he was given the green light to use extra fuel to make passes for position, he was able to complete them. As his first pit stop drew near, Pigot had gained eight positions to run 10th.
– Just prior to his first scheduled stop, Pigot radioed in that he was having issues with his gearbox, ranging from being unable to downshift to the car skipping gears. He fell from 10th to 15th in one lap. He made his first pit stop on Lap 29 for sticker red Firestone Firehawks, but the No. 21 Preferred Freezer Services Chevrolet crew determined there was nothing they could do to rectify the problem.
– While fighting the car, Pigot fell one lap behind the leaders and dropped all the way back to the 22nd position. By the next caution on Lap 42, the problem had resolved itself and Pigot was able to continue without further issue. He spent the remainder of the race keeping his nose clean, earning eight positions back by the end of the 85-lap race to finish 15th.
– Next up for the Verizon IndyCar Series is the 2.38-mile permanent road course of Barber Motorsports Park, the third race in a string of three back-to-back events. Pigot will return to the site where he swept the two Pro Mazda races in 2014 and the two Indy Lights races in 2015. The 2018 Honda Indy Grand Prix of Alabama will be broadcast live on NBC Sports Network on Sunday, April 22 at 3 p.m. ET.
SPENCER PIGOT, No. 21 Preferred Freezer Services Chevrolet, Finished 15th: "That was a disappointing race. Pretty much from the first stint, we were having gearbox issues. It got a lot worse at certain points of the race which ruined our day. We never really got a shot to fight for any positions or move up through the field. The Preferred Freezer Services guys worked hard this weekend and we made some good improvements over the three days, but we came away with not much to show for it. Disappointing, but hopefully we can turn it around at Barber."
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text:
Thatcherism
Title: Thatcherism
Subject: Margaret Thatcher, Libertarianism in the United Kingdom, Conservative Party (UK), The lady's not for turning, Tory! Tory! Tory!
Collection: Economic Ideologies, Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom, History of Libertarianism, History of the Conservative Party (Uk), Libertarian Theory, Libertarianism in the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher, Political Philosophy by Politician, Politics of the United Kingdom, Right-Wing Politics in the United Kingdom
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Thatcherism describes the conviction politics, economic, social policy, and political style of the British Conservative politician Margaret Thatcher, who was leader of her party from 1975 to 1990. It has also been used to describe the beliefs of the British government while Thatcher was Prime Minister between May 1979 and November 1990, and beyond into the governments of John Major and Tony Blair. An exponent or supporter of Thatcherism is regarded as a Thatcherite.
Both the exact terms of what makes up Thatcherism as well as its specific legacy in terms of British history over the past decades are controversial. In terms of ideology, Thatcherism has been described by Nigel Lawson, Thatcher's Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1983 to 1989, as a political platform emphasising free markets with restrained government spending and tax cuts coupled with British nationalism both at home and abroad.[1] The Daily Telegraph stated in April 2008 that the programme of the next non-conservative British government, Tony Blair's administration with an emphasis on 'New Labour', basically accepted the central reform measures of Thatcherism such as deregulation, privatisation of key national industries, maintaining a flexible labour market, marginalising the trade unions, and devolving government decision-making to local authorities.[2]
Overview 1
Thatcherite Atlanticism 2
Thatcherism before Thatcher 3
Libertarianism 4
Thatcherite economics 5
Trade union legislation 6
Thatcherite morality 7
Sermon on the Mound 8
Thatcherism as a form of government 10
Dispute over the term 11
Thatcher's legacy 13
British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, after whom the term was named
Thatcherism claims to promote low inflation, the small state, and free markets through tight control of the money supply, privatisation and constraints on the labour movement. It is often compared with Reaganomics in the United States, Economic Rationalism in Australia and Rogernomics in New Zealand and as a key part of the worldwide economic liberal movement. Nigel Lawson, Thatcher's Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1983 to 1989, listed the Thatcherite ideals as:
Free markets, financial discipline, firm control over public expenditure, tax cuts, nationalism, 'Victorian values' (of the Samuel Smiles self-help variety), privatisation and a dash of populism.[1]
Thatcherism is thus often compared to neoliberalism. Milton Friedman claimed that "the thing that people do not recognise is that Margaret Thatcher is not in terms of belief a Tory. She is a nineteenth-century Liberal."[3] Thatcher herself stated in 1983: "I would not mind betting that if Mr. Gladstone were alive today he would apply to join the Conservative Party".[4] In the 1996 Keith Joseph memorial lecture Mrs. Thatcher argued that "The kind of Conservatism which he and I...favoured would be best described as 'liberal', in the old-fashioned sense. And I mean the liberalism of Mr. Gladstone, not of the latter day collectivists".[5] However, Thatcher once told Friedrich Hayek: "I know you want me to become a Whig; no, I am a Tory". Hayek believed "she has felt this very clearly".[6]
But the relationship between Thatcherism and liberalism is complicated. Thatcher's former Defence Secretary John Nott claimed that "it is a complete misreading of her beliefs to depict her as a nineteenth-century Liberal".[7] As Ellen Meiksins Wood has argued, Thatcherite capitalism was compatible with traditional British political institutions. As Prime Minister, Thatcher did not challenge ancient institutions such as the monarchy or the House of Lords, but some of the most recent additions: such as the trade unions.[8] Indeed, many leading Thatcherites, including Thatcher herself, went on to join the House of Lords: an honour which Gladstone, for instance, had declined.[9]
Thinkers closely associated with Thatcherism include Keith Joseph, Enoch Powell, Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman. In an interview with Simon Heffer in 1996 Thatcher stated that the two greatest influences on her as Conservative leader had been Joseph and Powell, who were both "very great men".[10]
Thatcherite Atlanticism
The Thatchers with the Reagans standing at the North Portico of the White House before a state dinner on 16 November 1988
While Margaret Thatcher was prime minister, she greatly embraced transatlantic relations with the US President Ronald Reagan. She often publicly supported Reagan's policies even when other Western allies were not as vocal. For example, she granted permission for American planes to use British bases for raids on Libya and allowed American cruise missiles and Pershing missiles to be housed on British soil in response to Soviet deployment of SS-20 nuclear missiles targeting Britain and other Western European nations.[11]
Thatcherism before Thatcher
A number of commentators have traced the origins of Thatcherism in post-war British politics. The historian Ewen Green claimed there was resentment of the inflation, taxation and the constraints imposed by the labour movement, which was associated with the so-called Buttskellite consensus in the decades before Thatcher came to prominence. Although the Conservative leadership accommodated itself to the Attlee government's post-war reforms, there was continuous right-wing opposition in the lower ranks of the party, in right-wing pressure groups like the Middle Class Alliance and the People's League for the Defence of Freedom, and later in think tanks like the Centre for Policy Studies. For example, in 1945 the Conservative Party chairman Ralph Assheton had wanted 12,000 abridged copies of The Road to Serfdom (a book by the anti-socialist economist Friedrich von Hayek later closely associated with Thatcherism),[12] taking up one-and-a-half tons of the party's paper ration, distributed as election propaganda.[13] The historian Dr. Christopher Cooper has also traced the formation of the Monetarist economics at the heart of Thatcherism back to the resignation of Conservative Chancellor of the Exchequer Peter Thorneycroft in 1958.[14]
Thatcherism is often described as a libertarian ideology. Thatcher saw herself as creating a libertarian movement,[15][16] rejecting traditional Toryism.[17] Thatcherism is associated with libertarianism within the Conservative Party,[18] albeit one of libertarian ends achieved by using strong and sometimes authoritarian leadership.[19] British political commentator Andrew Marr has called libertarianism the "dominant, if unofficial, characteristic of Thatcherism".[20] However, whereas some of her heirs, notably Michael Portillo and Alan Duncan, embraced this libertarianism, others in the Thatcherite movement, such as John Redwood, sought to become more populist.[21][22]
Some commentators have argued that Thatcherism should not be considered properly libertarian. Noting the tendency towards strong central government in matters concerning the trade unions and local authorities, Andrew Gamble summarised Thatcherism as "the free economy and the strong state".[23] Simon Jenkins accused the Thatcher government of carrying out a 'nationalisation' of Britain.[24] Libertarian political theorist Murray Rothbard didn't consider Thatcherism to be libertarian, and heavily criticised Thatcher and Thatcherism stating that: "Thatcherism is all too similar to Reaganism: free-market rhetoric masking statist content."[25]
Thatcherite economics
This graph shows the annual UK GDP growth with the Thatcher years, 1979 to 1990 highlighted.
Thatcherism is associated with the economic theory of monetarism. In contrast to previous government policy, monetarism placed a priority on controlling inflation over controlling unemployment. According to monetarist theory, inflation is the result of there being too much money in the economy. It was claimed that the government should seek to control the money supply to control inflation. However, by 1979 it was not only the Thatcherites who were arguing for stricter control of inflation. The Labour Chancellor Denis Healey had already adopted some monetarist policies, such as reducing public spending and selling off the government's shares in BP.
Moreover, it has been argued that the Thatcherites were not strictly monetarist in practice. A common theme centres on the Medium Term financial Strategy. The Strategy, issued in the 1980 Budget, consisted of targets for reducing the growth of the money supply in the following years. After overshooting many of these targets, the Thatcher government revised the targets upwards in 1982. Analysts have interpreted this as an admission of defeat in the battle to control the money supply. The economist C. F. Pratten claimed:
Since 1984, behind a veil of rhetoric, the government has lost any faith it had in technical monetarism. The money supply, as measured by £M3, has been allowed to grow erratically, while calculation of the PSBR is held down by the ruse of subtracting the proceeds of privatisation as well as taxes from government expenditure. The principles of monetarism have been abandoned.[26]
Thatcherism is also associated with supply-side economics. Whereas Keynesian economics holds that the government should stimulate economic growth by increasing demand through increased credit and public spending, supply-side economists argue that the government should instead intervene only to create a free market by lowering taxes, privatising state industries and increasing restraints on trade unionism.
Trade union legislation
Reduction in the power of the trades unions was made gradually, unlike the approach of the Heath Government, and the greatest single confrontation with the unions was the NUM strike of 1984 to 1985, in which the miners union was eventually defeated. There is evidence that this confrontation with the trade unions was anticipated by both the Conservative party and the NUM. The outcome contributed to the resurgence of the power of capital over labour.[27]
Thatcherite morality
Thatcherism is associated with a conservative stance on morality.[28] The Marxist sociologist and founder of the New Left Review, Stuart Hall, for example, argued that Thatcherism should be viewed as an ideological project promoting "authoritarian populism", since it is known for its reverence of "Victorian values".[29] The Social Democrat Party supporter David Marquand claimed that Thatcher exploited "authoritarian populist" sentiment in 1970s Britain: "Go back, you flower people, back where you came from, wash your hair, get dressed properly, get to work on time and stop all this whingeing and moaning."[30] Norman Tebbit, a close ally of Thatcher, laid out in a 1985 lecture what he thought to be the permissive society that conservatives should oppose:
Bad art was as good as good art. Grammar and spelling were no longer important. To be clean was no better than to be filthy. Good manners were no better than bad. Family life was derided as an outdated bourgeois concept. Criminals deserved as much sympathy as their victims. Many homes and classrooms became disorderly – if there was neither right nor wrong there could be no bases for punishment or reward. Violence and soft pornography became accepted in the media. Thus was sown the wind; and we are now reaping the whirlwind.[31]
Examples of this conservative morality in practice include the video nasties scare, where, in reaction to a moral panic over the availability of a number of provocatively named horror films on video cassette, Thatcher introduced state regulation of the British video market for the first time. Despite her association with social conservatism, Thatcher voted in 1966 to legalise homosexuality.[32] That same year, she also voted in support of legal abortion.[33] However, in the 1980s during her time as Prime Minister, Thatcher's government enacted Section 28, a law that opposed promotion of homosexuality by local authorities and the promotion of the teaching of "the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship" in schools. The law was opposed by many Gay rights advocates, such as Stonewall and OutRage! and was later repealed by Tony Blair's Labour government in 2003.[34][35]
However, Thatcher was one of only a handful of Conservatives to vote for the Sexual Offences Act 1967.[36]
Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron later issued an official apology for Thatcher-era policies on homosexuality, specifically the introduction of the controversial Section 28 laws from the 1980s, viewing past ideological views as "a mistake" with his own ideological direction.[37]
In May 1988 Thatcher gave an address to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. In the address, Thatcher offered a theological justification for her ideas on capitalism and the market economy. She claimed "Christianity is about spiritual redemption, not social reform" and she quoted St Paul by saying "If a man will not work he shall not eat". 'Choice' played a significant part in Thatcherite reforms, and Thatcher claimed that choice was also Christian, stating that Christ chose to lay down his life and that all individuals have the God-given right to choose between good and evil.
Towards the end of the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher, and so Thatcherism, became increasingly vocal in its opposition to allowing the European Union to supersede British sovereignty. In a famous 1988 Bruges speech, Thatcher declared that "We have not successfully rolled back the frontiers of the state in Britain, only to see them reimposed at a European level, with a European superstate exercising a new dominance from Brussels".
While euro-scepticism has for many become a characteristic of "Thatcherism", Margaret Thatcher was far from consistent on the issue, only becoming truly Eurosceptic in the last years of her time as Prime Minister. Thatcher supported Britain's entry into the European Economic Community in 1973, campaigned for a yes vote in the 1975 referendum[38] and signed the Single European Act in 1986.[39]
Thatcherism as a form of government
British sailors at action stations on HMS Cardiff near San Carlos during the Falklands War.
Another important aspect of Thatcherism is the style of governance. Britain in the 1970s was often referred to as "ungovernable". Mrs Thatcher attempted to redress this by centralising a great deal of power to herself, as the Prime Minister, often bypassing traditional cabinet structures (such as cabinet committees). This personal approach also became identified with personal toughness at times such as the Falklands War, the IRA bomb at the Conservative conference and the Miners' Strike.
Sir Charles Powell, the Foreign Affairs Private Secretary to the Prime Minister (1984–91, 96) described her style thus, "I've always thought there was something Leninist about Mrs. Thatcher which came through in the style of government – the absolute determination, the belief that there's a vanguard which is right and if you keep that small, tightly knit team together, they will drive things through ... there's no doubt that in the 1980s, No. 10 could beat the bushes of Whitehall pretty violently. They could go out and really confront people, lay down the law, bully a bit".[40]
Dispute over the term
It is often claimed that the word "Thatcherism" was coined by cultural theorist Stuart Hall in a 1979 Marxism Today article,[41][42] although the term had in fact been widely used before then.[43] However, not all social critics have accepted the term as valid, with the High Tory journalist T. E. Utley believing that "There is no such thing as Thatcherism."[44] Utley contended that the term was a creation of Mrs. Thatcher's enemies who wished to damage her by claiming that she had an inflexible devotion to a certain set of principles and also by some of her friends who, "for cultural and sometimes ethnic reasons" had little sympathy with what he described as the "English political tradition." Thatcher was not an ideologue, Utley argued, but a pragmatic politician; and he gave the examples of her refusal to radically reform the welfare state, and her avoidance of a miners' strike in 1981 at a time when the Government was not ready to handle it.
Some critics on the Left, such as Anthony Giddens, claim that Thatcherism was pure ideology, and that her policies marked a change which was dictated more by political interests than economic reasons:
Rather than by any specific logic of capitalism, the reversal was brought about by voluntary reductions in social expenditures, higher taxes on low incomes and the lowering of taxes on higher incomes. This is the reason why in Great Britain in the mid 1980s the members of the top decile possessed more than a half of all the wealth (Giddens 1993, 233). To justify this by means of economic "objectivities" would be an ideology. What is at play here are interests and power.[45]
The Conservative historian of Peterhouse, Maurice Cowling, also questioned the uniqueness of "Thatcherism". Cowling claimed that Mrs. Thatcher used "radical variations on that patriotic conjunction of freedom, authority, inequality, individualism and average decency and respectability, which had been the Conservative Party's theme since at least 1886." Cowling further contended that the "Conservative Party under Mrs. Thatcher has used a radical rhetoric to give intellectual respectability to what the Conservative Party has always wanted."[46]
Critics of Thatcherism claim that its successes were obtained only at the expense of great social costs to the British population. Industrial production fell sharply during Thatcher's government, which critics believe was the reason for increased unemployment during her early years as prime minister. There were nearly 3.3 million unemployed in Britain in 1984, compared to 1.5 million when she first came to power in 1979, though that figure had fallen to some 1.6 million by the end of 1990.
When she resigned in 1990, 28% of the children in Great Britain were considered to be below the poverty line, a number that kept rising to reach a peak of 30% in 1994 during the government of Thatcher's successor, John Major.[47]
While credited with reviving Britain's economy, Thatcher also was blamed for spurring a doubling in the poverty rate. Britain's childhood-poverty rate in 1997 was the highest in Europe.[47]
During her government Britain's Gini coefficient reflected this growing difference, going from 0.25 in 1979 to 0.34 in 1990.[48]
Thatcher's legacy
The extent to which one can say 'Thatcherism' has a continuing influence on British political and economic life is unclear. In 2002, Peter Mandelson, a member of parliament belonging to the British Labour Party closely associated with Tony Blair, famously declared that "we are all Thatcherites now."[49]
In reference to modern British political culture, it could be said that a "post-Thatcherite consensus" exists, especially in regards to economic policy. In the 1980s, the now defunct Social Democratic Party adhered to a "tough and tender" approach in which Thatcherite reforms were coupled with extra welfare provision. Neil Kinnock, leader of the Labour Party from 1983–1992, initiated Labour's rightward shift across the political spectrum by largely concurring with the economic policies of the Thatcher governments. The New Labour governments of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown were described as "neo-Thatcherite" by some, since many of their economic policies mimicked those of Thatcher.[50]
Most of the major British political parties today accept the anti-trade union legislation, privatisations and general free market approach to government that Thatcher's governments installed. No major political party in the UK, at present, is committed to reversing the Thatcher government's reforms of the economy. Although in the aftermath of the Great Recession of 2007–2012, the former Labour Party leader, Ed Miliband, had indicated he would support stricter financial regulation[51] and industry focused policy,[52] in a move to a more mixed economy. In 2011, Miliband declared his support for Thatcher's reductions in income tax on top earners, her legislation to change the rules on the closed shop and strikes before ballots, as well as her introduction of Right to Buy, claiming Labour had been wrong to oppose these reforms at the time.[53]
Moreover, the UK's comparative macroeconomic performance has improved since the implementation of Thatcherite economic policies. Since Thatcher resigned as British Prime Minister in 1990, UK economic growth was on average higher than the other large EU economies (i.e. Germany, France and Italy). Additionally, since the beginning of the 2000s, the UK has also possessed lower unemployment, by comparison with the other big EU economies. Such an enhancement in relative macroeconomic performance is perhaps another reason for the apparent "Blatcherite" economic consensus, which has been present in modern UK politics for a number of years.
Tony Blair wrote in his 2010 autobiography A Journey that "Britain needed the industrial and economic reforms of the Thatcher period". He described Thatcher's efforts as "ideological, sometimes unnecessarily so" while also stating that "much of what she wanted to do in the 1980s was inevitable, a consequence not of ideology but of social and economic change."[54]
On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Thatcher's 1979 election victory, BBC conducted a survey of opinions which opened with the following comments:
To her supporters, she was a revolutionary figure who transformed Britain's stagnant economy, tamed the unions and re-established the country as a world power. Together with US presidents Reagan and Bush, she helped bring about the end of the Cold War. But her 11-year premiership was also marked by social unrest, industrial strife and high unemployment. Her critics claim British society is still feeling the effect of her divisive economic policies and the culture of greed and selfishness they allegedly promoted.[55]
Powellism
Premiership of David Cameron
^ The Observer, 29 September 1982
^ Speech to Conservative Party Conference (14 October 1983)
^ Keith Joseph Memorial Lecture (11 January 1996)
^ Berlinski, Claire. There is No Alternative: Why Margaret Thatcher Matters. New York: Basic Books, 2008. 275-8. Print
^ Vinen, p. 7
^ http://rifin.com/images/stories/2011/04/casopis_EE_17_2.pdf Daniel Jakopovich, Roots of Neoliberalism: Factors Behind the "Thatcherite" Revolution, Ekonomija/Economics, Vol.17, No. 2, 2011, pp. 429–444
^ Norman Tebbit, "Back to the old traditional values", The Guardian Weekly, 24 November 1985.
^ SEXUAL OFFENCES (No. 2) (Hansard, 5 July 1966)
^ MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY BILL (Hansard, 22 July 1966)
^ Local Government Act 2003 (c. 26) – Statute Law Database
^ Margaret Thatcher's Legacy on Gay Rights
^ British Conservatives lead charge for gay marriage – The Washington Post
^ Vinen, p. 4; Oxford English Dictionary Online, s.v. 'Thatcherite, n. and adj.'.
^ p. 37.
^ p. 4.
Roots of Neoliberalism: Factors Behind the "Thatcherite" Revolution', an essay by Daniel Jakopovich in Ekonomija/Economics, Vol.17, No. 2, 2011, pp. 429–444
Image of Margaret Thatcher provided by the Margaret Thatcher Foundation
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–90)
Leader of the Conservative Party (1975–90)
Member of Parliament for Finchley (1959–92)
Death and funeral (2013)
Public Bodies (Admission to Meetings) Act 1960
and known for
Foreign policy of Margaret Thatcher
First ministry (1979–83)
Second ministry (1983–87)
Third ministry (1987–90)
1981 United Kingdom budget
1981 Irish hunger strike
The lady's not for turning
Brighton hotel bombing
Opposition to trade unions
Miners' strike
Local Government Act
Westland affair
1988 broadcasting restrictions
Resignation Honours
Party elections
General elections
The Downing Street Years
The Path to Power
Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World
Sir Denis Thatcher, 1st Bt (husband)
The Hon. Sir Mark Thatcher, 2nd Bt (son)
The Hon. Carol Thatcher (daughter)
Alfred Roberts (father)
Cultural depictions
Thatcher: The Final Days
The Falklands Play
Pinochet in Suburbia
The Long Walk to Finchley
The Hunt for Tony Blair
In Search of La Che
Steve Nallon
EngvarB from September 2015
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The red hot blues band, conjuring the spirit of prohibition America. Real 1920s drum kits, slapped double bass, metal resonator guitars from the 1930s and three voices—making old sounds in a new way.
From bars and pubs, to outdoor festivals. From vintage events, to big white weddings.
Leeds City Stompers were conceived out of love for old community string bands with the ability to play at any event.
Leeds City Stompers play 40+ private events and weddings a year, as well as many public shows and festivals. Since 2011, these have included supporting Steven Seagal at The O2 Academy Leeds, Beauvais Blues Festival in France, Scarborough Blues Festival, Tour De France, Tour De Yorkshire, Leeds International Beer Festival, Tramlines Sheffield and have headlined the acoustic stage at Colne Blues Festival two years in a row (Europe's Largest Blues Festival).
Leeds City Stompers play the vintage blues, ragtime, swing and folk music that was popular in America in the 1920s through 1950s, but with the energy and feel of modern rock and roll music. The band swaps instruments and all three members sing lead, but essentially is a trio of guitar, double bass and drums or washboard. Christopher Fox is on guitar, double bass and vocals, Martyn Roper is on double bass, guitar and vocals and Jack Amblin plays the drums, washboard and does vocals too.
The band is set up to be like a traditional 1920s community string band, able to play any occasion by having a huge repertoire of songs in many styles and picking the right stuff as the night goes on. Be it a raucous set of well known songs at a wedding that gets the dance floor full, a seated show to a listening audience in a theatre or blues club, or a completely acoustic performance in a small space or on the street.
Learn a little bit more about each Stomper.
A full time musician since 2011, Martyn has played over a thousand gigs since his first in 1994. Originally a bass guitarist, he now plays guitar and banjo as a vintage blues solo artist and in The Washboard Resonators duo with Jack Amblin. He also plays double bass with the songwriter, Yadig Records artist, UK festival and BBC Radio favourite Serious Sam Barrett. With other bands, Martyn has played in Japan at Fuji Rock Festival and recorded with rock band Gentlemans Pistols. He's played New York and Sweden, with folk and roots band, The Old Time String Band and played in originals and cover bands across the UK, in every conceivable venue type and size.
To see the full list of upcoming shows, please click "Show All Dates".
A collection of photographs and videos.
Able to provide their own full PA, Leeds City Stompers are equipped and ready to play a variety of venues and events.
See what other people have been saying about Leeds City Stompers.
Thank you so much for playing at our wedding at Chatsworth House on May 24th. We really excited for you to be our band and you didn't let us down. All the songs you played created a great energy and atmosphere, which reflected our entire wedding day. Not only did you do a great job with the music but you were a great bunch of guys too. Once again thank you for making our day special.
Would just like to say you were astoundingly good last night and carried off the best gig I have seen in ages and I have seen a lot. Awesome playing, immaculate presentation and thoroughly entertaining.
Very impressed with the feedback from your performance. You were the highlight of the night by all accounts! I would very much like to work together again in the future.
Some of our favourite people, places and things.
2016 © Leeds City Stompers. Website by Chloé Grayson.


text:
Аббатство Оне́ () — бывший цистерцианский монастырь, располагавшийся на территории Льежского епископства, ныне территория городка Тюэн (Бельгия). В настоящее время от аббатства остались только руины.

История
Монастырь был основан около 637 года святым Ланделином. В основании монастыря также принял участие святой Урсмар. Первоначально монастырь принадлежал бенедиктинцам. В 974 году монастырь был преобразован для совместной жизни епархиальных священников, которые жили согласно монастырскому правилу святого Бенедикта. В 1147 году по просьбе льежского епископа монастырь был передан цистерцианцам. В 1793 году, во время Французской революции, монастырь был подвергнут значительному разрушению. Монастырская библиотека, имевшая в своих фондах около сорока тысяч томов и пяти тысяч рукописей, была полностью уничтожена.

Аббатство до настоящего времени не восстановлено.

Источники
 Catholic Encyclopedia, NY, т. 2, 1913

Аббатства Бельгии
Цистерцианские монастыри Бельгии
Руины в Бельгии
Религия в период Французской революции

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


lynda.com provides a vast online library of instructional videos covering the latest software, creative, and business skills. Taught by accomplished teachers and recognized industry experts, lynda.com is a high-quality resource for employees looking to develop skills in Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Suite, project management, communication, and a wide range of other topics.
Indiana library staff can receive complementary access to the entire lynda.com course library, through the Indiana State Library.
The first time you find a course you would like to take, you must fill out the Lynda.com Course Application Form below to acquire access.
All lynda.com courses are eligible for LEUs provided they last longer than 30 minutes. For ease of getting started, the Indiana State Library has several playlists below listing courses that may be relevant to librarians, but you are no longer limited to taking courses that are on our playlists. Just verify that the course is longer than 30 minutes.
If a course deals with how to use computer software, hardware, an electronic device, mobile apps, or social media the course is eligible for Technology LEUs (TLEUs). All other courses are eligible for general LEUs. If you are not sure whether a course should earn LEUs or TLEUs you may contact the Certification Director, Cheri Harris at ChHarris@library.IN.gov for clarification.
View the How to use lynda.com course to learn how to find, access, and view lynda.com courses. This introductory course is worth 1 TLEU.
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The new version of CITILED COB series increases the performance significantly from previous version. New version creates more options to match luminaries' design (high performance, cost effective, small LES, increased allowable max.If). Emitted light density of the LED package is improved higher for suitable use of light-condensing products. The outline and LED size is the same as for previous version. Thus existing parts of 3rd parties are compatible in mechanical characteristics. All specs are at hot binning. Tj=85 degree C.
The new series of CITILED COB series offer superior color quality. CITIZNE's high technology and huge knowledge succeed to enable developing high CRI products. Products which have high CRI create rich lighting for your lifestyle. There are 3 models in High CRI type. On B.B.L. model, and Below B.B.L. Model are for 90Ra. Super high-CRI is for 97Ra. High-CRI type achieved 3 step MacAdam ellipse at hot binning. New version of high-CRI type increased product performance significantly and add new color variations.
ON B.B.L. MODEL----high efficacy and high CRI Ra 90min.
BELOW B.B.L. MODEL ---Creating brilliant white without greenish tint.
SUPER HIGH-CRI MODEL ---High CRI Ra97 Typ. and High R9 value.
The slim-type linear package is used for a wide variety of light source modules. The beginning version of CL-L104 records an actual lumen maintenance test over 70000 hours. The unique package outline creates new idea for your design.
We provide three types of high color rendering products pursuing qualityof light: "Ra 90 on B.B.L.*" "Ra 90 below B.B.L.*" and "Ra 97."
* B.B.L.: stands for Black Body Locus.
You can replace LEDs of the "COB Series, Version 3" with LEDs of the "COB Series, Version 4" as the Version 4 inherits package sizes, shapes* of the Version 3.
LED dice are placed to generate uniform light in consideration of optimizing the light distribution design of luminaires.
The product lineup covers a wide range of luminous flux.
The products have reduced variation in the chromaticity range and they are compliant with 3-step MacAdam ellipses.
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Send your inquiry to our good quality CITIZEN CLU036-1206C1 COB LED products.


text:
Q: Is the intersection of a finite collection of open sets a union of a subset of the set? It might sound silly but I wanted to  know if this definition is true.
Consider a set of set $ \mathbb X$ such that $ \mathbb X$ consists of  $X$
so $ \mathbb X = \{X\} \implies \bigcup \mathbb X = X$. Now, can we suggest that if a collection of finite open sets $ \mathbb B$ has a non empty intersection then the intersection is a union of a set $B$ where $B\subseteq  \mathbb B$?
Thank you!

A: The answer is no. Consider $\mathbb{B} = \{(0,2), (1,3)\}$. The intersection is $(1,2)$ which is not a union of sets in $\mathbb{B}.$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Thousands celebrate summer solstice at Stonehenge
The sun rises through the stones at Stonehenge as crowds of people gather to celebrate the dawn of the longest day in the UK, in Wiltshire, England, Thursday June 21, 2018. The neolithic Wiltshire monument is built along the solstice alignment of the summer sunrise and the winter sunset. (Ben Birchall/PA via AP)
Thousands watched the sun glint over the horizon at Stonehenge on Thursday, celebrating the summer solstice at the Neolithic stone circle.
The sun rose behind the Heel Stone, which traditionally marks the spot on the horizon for the sunrise, at 4.52 a.m. Thursday (0352 GMT; 23:52 EDT Wednesday).
Crowds cheered and raised mobile phones for images as the rays flooded through the monument and announced the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
Wiltshire Police estimated that 9,500 people attended and that 600 more celebrated at the nearby ancient monument in Avebury.
English Heritage, which cares for historic sites, tweeted that it was the "perfect morning for the #SummerSolstice sunrise at Stonehenge."
The event passed peacefully. There were no arrests at Stonehenge, but two people were arrested at Avebury, one on suspicion of being drunk and disorderly and another on suspicion of driving while under the influence.
Stonehenge, which is believed to be 4,500 years old, is a World Heritage site known for its alignment with the movements of the sun. Thousands travel there to mark the solstices in summer and winter.
People take photos as the sun rises and shines through the stones at Stonehenge as crowds of people gather to celebrate the dawn of the longest day in the UK, in Wiltshire, England, Thursday June 21, 2018. The neolithic Wiltshire monument is built along the solstice alignment of the summer sunrise and the winter sunset. (Ben Birchall/PA via AP)
A man gestures between stones as the sun rises through the stones at Stonehenge as crowds of people gather to celebrate the dawn of the longest day in the UK, in Wiltshire, England, Thursday June 21, 2018. The neolithic Wiltshire monument is built along the solstice alignment of the summer sunrise and the winter sunset. (Ben Birchall/PA via AP)
A woman twirls a hula-hoop the sun rises at Stonehenge as crowds of people gathered to celebrate the dawn of the longest day in the UK, in Wiltshire, England, Thursday, June 21, 2018. The neolithic Wiltshire monument is built along the solstice alignment of the summer sunrise and the winter sunset. (Ben Birchall/PA via AP)
Stonehenge was ancient rave spot, new theory says
© 2018 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
Citation: Thousands celebrate summer solstice at Stonehenge (2018, June 21) retrieved 17 July 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2018-06-thousands-celebrate-summer-solstice-stonehenge.html
Stonehenge archeologists find huge neolithic site
Burials held at Stonehenge for hundreds of years: research
New dig suggests Stonehenge was built to align with summer and winter solstice
New Yorkers marvel at 'Manhattanhenge' sunset
Ancestors of Stonehenge people could be buried inside uncovered 'house of the dead'


Listening to The Pains of Being Pure At Heart has always felt like a slalom down Patrick's Hill (a very big hill in Cork) on a pair of newly unwrapped multi-coloured rollerskates. Exciting with a hint of death but you know it's always going to turn out fine in the end. This means a lot to me as I have terrible balance so for safety reasons I am forever restricted to stroller-blading, a type of roller-blading minus the skates.
An explanation of how this links to the New Yorkers' recent cover of The Magnetic Fields' 'Jeremy' is beyond me though. Em...that's it. Now listen!


Nomadic Indians traditionally inhabited much of southern South America and a few isolated places in the north. In American Indian studies, these peoples are typically grouped together because of the similarities in their lifestyles. The culture area in which they lived is known as the Marginal Regions because it encompasses parts of South America where the land is "marginal," or not good for farming. The Marginal Regions were remote from the centers of great cultural development. The inhabitants were hunters, gatherers, and fishers who moved from place to place to take advantage of the scarce natural resources available to them.
The Marginal Regions were home to a variety of peoples who spoke many different languages. These Indians lived in several different environments, many of them quite harsh. The area was sparsely populated.
The rugged terrain of what is now southern Chile is deeply cut by fjords (narrow arms of the sea) and includes numerous islands. This cold, rainy, and wind-battered region was home to the Chono, Alacaluf, and Yámana. The dense forests made land travel very difficult and farming impossible, so these Indians lived a marine life on the coasts and islands.
The Tehuelche, Puelche, Querandí, and Charrúa occupied the vast steppes and plains of southern South America, mostly in Argentina. This region includes the cold, dry, brush-covered plains known as Patagonia as well as the grasslands known as the Pampas.
To the north, in the plains region called the Gran Chaco, lived the Abipón, Caduveo (Mbayá), Mocoví, Toba, and other Indians who spoke Guaycuruan languages. The region was also home to peoples who spoke other languages, including the Wichí, Vilela, Lengua, and Zamuco (Ayoreo). The Gran Chaco was very dry in winter, especially in the west. In the summer rainy season, however, many areas flooded, and it sometimes got very hot.
Some peoples in the tropical rainforests of Brazil and surrounding countries followed a nomadic lifestyle rather than living in farming villages like many neighboring groups. Among them were the Makú, Guahibo, Aché, Sirionó, and Botocudo. Some rainforest groups that anthropologists have traditionally considered to be nomadic hunter-gatherers, however, such as the Nambikwara, grew some crops and were nomadic for only part of the year, like many peoples of the Rainforest culture area. Also, some scholars believe that nomadic or seminomadic peoples of the rainforest such as the Sirionó, Aché, and others lived more settled agricultural lives in earlier times, perhaps before being forced to flee from their territory by Europeans or other Indian groups.
Within the tropical forests, the lives of some nomadic groups centered on the rivers. These tribes, sometimes known as aquatic nomads, spent most of their time in canoes. Among them were the Yaruro, Mura, and Guató.
Food sources varied throughout the Marginal Regions. Southern Chile was poor in game animals and edible plants, and its waters had few fish. The Indians who lived there gathered shellfish, fished, and hunted seals, sea otters, and marine birds such as ducks, penguins, and cormorants. They also used whales that had been stranded on the beaches.
The Indians of the steppes and plains also were mainly hunters. They hunted guanaco (a wild relative of the llama and alpaca), rhea (an ostrich-like bird), and smaller animals. They also gathered some roots, herbs, and fruits.
The Indians of the Gran Chaco relied mainly on gathering plant foods, such as edible pods, fruits, berries, and tubers. Palm and algaroba (carob) trees were important sources of food. Many Indians of the Gran Chaco also grew corn, cassava, beans, pumpkins, tobacco, and cotton on a limited scale in gardens. Some groups fished and hunted and collected honey and insects as well. Common game animals included peccary (similar to wild pigs), tapir, armadillo, deer, turtle, and rhea and other birds.
Tropical forest nomads made their livelihood by hunting, fishing, and gathering fruit and other foods from wild plants, especially palms. Some groups also gathered honey and the eggs of birds and turtles. During part of the year, the Sirionó and Namibkwara grew some crops such as corn, cassava, tobacco, and cotton. The aquatic nomads fished and hunted the reptiles called caimans and other water animals.
The Indians of the Marginal Regions cooked meat and fish directly on coals or put them into earth ovens. The ovens were lined with heated stones and covered with earth and coals. The Chono boiled food by placing heated stones in tightly woven baskets.
Because the nomads of the Marginal Regions moved constantly, they did not establish permanent villages. Instead, they lived and traveled in bands, setting up temporary camps.
The Indians used caves for shelter if they were available. The peoples of southern Chile and the Gran Chaco made domed huts of bent poles covered with bark, skins, or brush. When the people moved on, they left the frame for others to use, taking only the skin coverings with them. Some peoples of the southern plains made a skin-covered hut known as a toldo. In the dry season, when they lived as nomads, the Nambikwara used a lean-to or camped under trees, sleeping on fire-warmed ground.
Peoples of the Marginal Regions had little clothing. Forest hunters such as the Sirionó and Nambikwara, who lived in tropical climates, wore nothing. The southern nomads wore robes and moccasins or sandals made from guanaco skin. In the Gran Chaco some groups wore lighter robes made of fiber from the caraguatá plant in hot weather and warmer skin robes in the cold. Featherwork, armbands and leg bands, necklaces, and body painting were common in the Marginal Regions, as were earplugs, nose plugs, and lip plugs.
Because they were nomads, the hunters and gatherers had few material goods and relatively simple technology. They made their tools largely from wood, bark, bone, and sometimes stone. They hunted with traps, nets, clubs, bows and arrows, spears, and bolas. Bolas were used in the steppes and plains and the Gran Chaco. A bola consisted of stone weights attached to long, slender ropes. The hunter threw the bola around legs of a guanaco or rhea. Entangled in the ropes of the bola, the animal would fall. After the Spanish brought horses, bolas became very important because the hunters could swing them easily on horseback. In southern Chile, hunters harpooned seals, sea lions, and porpoises from bark canoes. They relied on canoes for almost all of their travel.
Leatherworking and fiber crafts were important in many groups. Some Indians wove fabric by hand. They used yarn spun from native cotton and palm fibers. In the Gran Chaco, the leaves of the pineapple-like plant caraguatá were an important source of fiber for thread. The Chono of southern Chile wove clothing and mats out of the shaggy fur of their dogs, combined with bark and plant fibers. Later, some peoples learned to weave with looms. They wove long strips of fabric for making armbands and leg bands and other decorations. Netting was used for making fishnets and bags for carrying goods. Basketry was common, and hunters of the steppes and plains used containers made of skins.
In many groups, pottery was little used because pots were difficult to transport. Peoples of the Gran Chaco, however, made some coiled pottery bowls, jars, and pots. They also used gourds and calabashes as containers.
The nomads of the Marginal Regions lived in bands of various sizes. Depending on the available food resources, the bands could be large or very small.
In southern Chile, where food was scarce, the Chono, Alacaluf, and Yámana traveled in small family bands. These bands consisted of parents and their children and sometimes also an older relative or two. They had no chiefs or other tribal leaders. At times, several families would gather to feast on a stranded whale or to hunt seals or sea lions together. Other groups who lived in small family bands included the Guató and, during the dry season, the Nambikwara.
Other nomads lived in larger bands of extended families or multiple families. Indians of the steppes and plains who hunted guanaco and rhea could do so more productively when many families cooperated in the hunt. Their multiple-family bands typically included about 40 to 100 people. Chiefs, generally chosen for their ability to settle conflicts, led the bands.
The introduction of horses transformed the lives of the Tehuelche, Puelche, Querandí, and Charrúa of the steppes and plains and many peoples of the Gran Chaco. Among the so-called "mounted" groups of that region were the Abipón, Mocoví, Caduveo, Toba, and Lengua. Traveling on horseback allowed the Indians to adopt new hunting techniques, to roam larger territories, and to form much larger bands, ranging from 500 to 1,000 people. A strong, proven leader could attract numerous followers to his band. These Indians began to hunt wild cattle as well as guanaco, rhea, and other large game. They frequently raided Spanish settlements for cattle, horses, weapons, and tools. They also raided other Indian peoples for livestock, crops, and goods and took captives as slaves.
Warfare between bands of Indians increased as the mounted groups began traveling and raiding over larger areas. Even before, war was common among some peoples. Several groups in the Gran Chaco had long-standing enemies. They fought to avenge wrongs done to members of their band and over territorial rights to hunting and fishing grounds. Warriors often took the scalps or skulls of people they killed as war trophies.
Throughout the Marginal Regions, the warriors were men. The men also generally did most or all of the hunting, fishing, and collecting of honey. In southern Chile, however, it was mostly the women who dove for shellfish. In most parts of the Marginal Regions the women gathered plants for food, fibers, medicines, and dyes. They usually prepared and cooked the food. They also processed fibers, wove baskets and fabric, and made containers out of gourds or clay. The men usually made most of the other tools and weapons. In some groups, the women were responsible for building the huts. The women also spent much of their time caring for their children.
Children learned by imitating older children and adults and by listening to the stories and advice of elders. Some groups raised their children to be very independent at an early age. By the age of four, for example, the children of southern Chile were already catching and cooking their own meals of shellfish or sea urchins. Adults of the Marginal Regions were generally affectionate and permissive with young children and did not punish them. Instead, they sometimes lectured or ridiculed children for misbehaving.
The peoples of the Marginal Regions had a great variety of religious beliefs. In southern Chile the Indians prayed to a supreme being for success in hunting and fishing. The peoples of the steppes and plains believed in a supreme being who created the world but then was no longer involved in human affairs. They also believed in good and evil spirits. Indians of the Gran Chaco and forest nomads such as the Aché did not believe in a supreme being but did believe in various spirits and had many myths.
Shamans, who led religious ceremonies, cured the sick, and protected the tribe from harm, were important in most groups, especially in the Gran Chaco. The shamans were thought to receive their healing powers from the ghosts of dead shamans and special guardian spirits.
When Europeans explored South America in the 1500s, the Marginal Regions went largely untouched because they had little to offer economically. Thus many of the Indians were able to maintain their traditional cultures, some into the 21st century. Those peoples who did encounter Europeans often fiercely resisted the intrusion. Ironically, their resistance was aided by a new cultural element introduced by the Europeans—the horse. Beginning in the 1500s horses spread among the Indians of the Gran Chaco as well as those of the steppes and plains. In addition to making the Indians more successful hunters, horses enabled them to raid Spanish settlements and wage war more effectively.
In the Gran Chaco, relations between the Indians and the Spanish began to change during the 1700s. By mid-century the Abipón, Caduveo, Mocoví, and other peoples were weary of warfare with the Spanish and other Indians. They also were suffering from ecological change in the region, which was caused by warfare, overhunting, and the grazing of sheep and horses. Many Indians turned to the Spanish for help, settling on Catholic missions. There disease carried by the Europeans took a heavy toll on the Indians, who had no resistance to them. In the early 1800s the South American colonies gained their independence from Spain, and the missions were closed. As the Indians dispersed, many were assimilated, or integrated, into the general population and lost their tribal identities.
In the Pampas region, attacks by the Querandí and other Indians prevented the Spanish from developing the land. The horses and cattle that had been brought by the Spanish roamed free and multiplied. In the 1700s horsemen called gauchos began to round up the animals. In the 1800s the Spanish set up huge cattle ranches called estancias and hired gauchos to manage the herds. The rapid growth of ranching after 1850 led to the annihilation of the Indians who roamed the plains. The survivors were absorbed into the gaucho population.
The Pampas Indians acted as a buffer between the Patagonian Indians and the Europeans to the north. Thus Patagonia largely was left alone until the mid-1800s, when European settlements encroached and warfare erupted. The Indian wars in northern Patagonia and the southern and western Pampas culminated in a campaign known as the Conquest of the Desert, which ended in 1879 with the smashing of the last major Indian resistance. Again, the surviving Indians were culturally assimilated by the European settlers.
The Indians of southern Chile also went mostly untouched until the mid-1800s, when European colonization began. Diseases brought by whalers and colonists nearly wiped out the Alacaluf and Yámana. The last surviving family of Chono was reported in 1875, after which it appears that the entire Chono tribe died out or was absorbed into the populations of neighboring peoples.
The nomadic Indians of northern South America had varying experiences with Europeans. Typically, however, those who encountered Europeans saw their numbers greatly reduced by disease. Efforts to settle the Indians on missions—for example, among the Guahibo and the Sirionó— proved disastrous. Resistance to white expansion led to violence and sometimes to ruthless extermination campaigns, as among the Botocudo and the Mura. The Indians who survived contact were usually those who either adapted to white culture or moved to very remote areas. For example, at the beginning of the 21st century most of the approximately 500 remaining Sirionó had either withdrawn into the deep forest or were providing labor on farms and cattle ranches.
Overall, the nomadic hunters and gatherers of the 21st century are marginal survivors who retain many traditional culture traits and share very few of the more recent inventions. In areas where they have not had contact with European culture or where they have withdrawn into refuge areas, they have maintained much of their original culture. In areas of contact, some have become rudimentary farmers, building permanent houses, making pottery, and weaving. At the same time, the ongoing conversion of the nomadic habitat into large-scale agricultural projects seemed to be bringing many of these tribal peoples to the verge of extinction.


Interest Arbitration Reform: The Rocket Docket - Are You Ready? We Are!!!
View the article On December 21st, Governor Christie signed Arbitration Reform Bill A-3393 into law. The Reforms mark a dramatic change to the interest arbitration process. Our firm, as labor counsel to the League of Municipalities, was involved throughout the legislative process leading to this compromise bill.


When is the development works costs expected to be paid? How will the works take place? What about the construction of my house?
The development works cost is expected to be paid over 12 months from August 2018 until July 2019. The development works are expected to be completed by December 2020. In September 2020, you will be able to contract your house which will take up to 18 months.


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Matthew King (by 1520 – 1566 or later), of Malmesbury, Wiltshire, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Malmesbury in October 1553, April 1554, 1555 and 1558.

References

Year of death missing
English MPs 1553 (Mary I)
English MPs 1554
English MPs 1555
English MPs 1558
Members of the Parliament of England for Malmesbury
Year of birth uncertain


There isn't a single rule as to what makes a particular design stand out. However, with plenty of factors at play to achieve a unique design, there are certain elements of a design that can make or break your website.
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Jets Fall to Caps after Maurice Resigns
Written by Clayton Dreger Saturday, Dec 18 2021, 9:05 AM
The Jets dropped a 5-2 decision to the Capitals (photos courtesy Ray Peters)
The Winnipeg Jets gave up three unanswered third period goals and lost 5-2 to the Washington Capitals Friday night at Canada Life Centre just hours after head coach Paul Maurice resigned.
Conor Sheary, Michael Sgarbossa and Alex Ovechkin into an empty net scored in the final frame for the Caps after Winnipeg defenseman Josh Morrissey notched his fifth of the season on the power play two minutes into the third period.
The opening 20 minutes was scoreless.
Brett Leason and Daniel Sprong staked Washington to a 2-0 lead before Brenden Dillon potted is first of the season for the Jets at 14:32 of the second period.
Nikolaj Ehlers assisted on both Winnipeg goals.
Connor Hellebuyck made 34 saves in net for the Jets while Vitek Vanecek was stellar in net for the Capitals stopping 40 shots.
Maurice stepped down after nine seasons with Winnipeg.
Dave Lowry, who was hired by the Jets as an assistant coach last season, made his NHL head coaching debut on Friday.
The former Brandon Wheat Kings head coach has replaced Maurice on an interim basis.
Winnipeg (13-9-5) will host the St. Louis Blues on Sunday and then play road games against the Nashville Predators and Dallas Stars before the start of the Christmas break.
This week in good news (Dec. 12-18)
Latest in Local Sports
Zach Collaros playing with Winnipeg Blue Bombers next season
Winnipeg speed skater going to the Olympics
Bell, Campbell & Larocque Named to Team Canada


NewTek Discussions > LightWave 3D User Community > LW - Community > Where are those tutorials??
View Full Version : Where are those tutorials??
Tiger was so kind as to point me to a couple of gradient tutorials which were great.
I bet there are others where those came from.


Every single one individuals are created with potential. It might not be similar potential (we cannot all be singers or artists), though we all have our very own special value or gift proposition that's longing being discovered and nurtured.
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You may be to ask yourself then, how and where do I start? The very first step is finding out Why you're holding onto your potential as tightly. Think about, What's holding you back from your own greatness? Don't forget, we ALL have possible. Not merely a number of us. Among the biggest factors that individuals hold back is due to FEAR. Fear of achieving success, fear of not working, fear of the unfamiliar, fear of having to continue the great work. Does this sound as if you? In case so, you brought lightweight and consciousness to something which has been concealed for many years. Good Start!!!
Today, to be able to unleash your greatness, you are going to need to clean home and also make space for your expansion plan. You notice, what you concentrate on, expands. Beginning today, you're likely to concentrate on greatness and that's likely to use up a great deal of space, so we need to get going.
You're likely to have to lose your self-limiting beliefs, commitments to measures that don't provide you, face facts which could be distressing and eliminate fears that no more perform. Don't permit this scare you. You don't need to do this on your own. Think about getting a Life coach. Using a great Life Coach in your space is able to provide you with the courage and also the support you have to have these steps today & ensure your success.
After the clutter is depleted, you finally have space to unleash which great big whirlwind of possibility that's YOURS. Nurture it, revel in it and first and foremost, put it to use! Nevertheless, there's one problem, in addition to that's the cost you are going to need pay for your well-being. This has absolutely nothing to do with cash and is little change for what you enter return the opportunity of walking to your greatness. Interesting? Well, the cost of greatness has been prepared to take chances, to voice yourself, to have a possibility at failing, to undergo uncomfortable conditions – and that is the thing most folks are not prepared to perform. You can't bypass the process. You are able to however think of exchanging 1 unfavorable for a good deal of benefits.
When you begin living as much as your opportunity and unleash your greatness, you are going to feel settled, secure and much more confident after that you possibly have before in your life. Everything will simply appear to' fit' and you'll feel as if you eventually discovered your way home. Visit PinnableBeauty.com to learn how you can turn your life around by unleashing your potential from within.


Sociologist Christine Williams reflects on how she, as a feminist professor, advises her students to get power.
Christine Williams is chair of the department of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin. Her most recent book is Gender and Sexuality in the Workplace (edited with Kirsten Dellinger).


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What really is in our food?
Reading this article made me soooo happy I eat organic
As they aren't allowed to use any of these 'wonder ingredients' or 'processing aids'
Warning – reading this may actually make your hair stand on end!
What's really in your food
the following are extracts from this article which you MUST read….
"Tired after hours of walking round the fair, and, uncharacteristically, not feeling hungry, I sought refuge at a stand displaying cut-up fruits and vegetables; it felt good to see something natural, something instantly recognisable as food. But why did the fruit have dates, several weeks past, beside them? A salesman for Agricoat told me that they had been dipped in one of its solutions, NatureSeal, which, because it contains citric acid along with other unnamed ingredients, adds 21 days to their shelf life. Treated in this way, carrots don't develop that telltale white that makes them look old, cut apples don't turn brown, pears don't become translucent, melons don't ooze and kiwis don't collapse into a jellied mush; a dip in NatureSeal leaves salads "appearing fresh and natural".
For the salesman, this preparation was a technical triumph, a boon to caterers who would otherwise waste unsold food. There was a further benefit: NatureSeal is classed as a processing aid, not an ingredient, so there's no need to declare it on the label, no obligation to tell consumers that their "fresh" fruit salad is weeks old."
"Over recent years, they have been introduced slowly and artfully into foods that many of us eat every day – in canteens, cafeterias, pubs, hotels, restaurants and takeaways."
AKA – places where food appears to be very cheap!!
"You might check labels for E numbers and strange-sounding ingredients, boycotting the most obvious forms of processed food. And yet you will still find it hard to avoid the 6,000 food additives – flavourings, glazing agents, improvers, bleaching agents and more – that are routinely employed behind the scenes of contemporary food manufacture."
"Food manufacturers combine ingredients that do not occur in natural food, notably the trilogy of sugar, processed fat and salt, in their most quickly digested, highly refined, nutrient-depleted forms. The official line – that the chemicals involved pose no risk to human health when ingested in small quantities – is scarcely reassuring. Safe limits for consumption of these agents are based on statistical assumptions, often provided by companies who make the additives."
What your food label really means
Added vitamins One-dimensional factory versions of natural vitamins found in whole foods: ascorbic acid (man-made vitamin C) is usually synthesised from the fermentation of GM corn, while artificial vitamin E is commonly derived from petrol.
Soluble fibre A healthier-sounding term for modified starch, which is widely used to reduce the quantity of more nutritious ingredients in processed foods, and keep down manufacturers' costs.
'Natural' colourings The only difference between these and artificial ones is that they start with pigments that occur in nature. Otherwise, they are made using the same highly chemical industrial processes, including extraction using harsh solvents.
Artificial 'diet" sweeteners Several large-scale studies have found a correlation between artificial sweetener consumption and weight gain. Accumulating evidence suggests that they may also increase our risk of Type 2 diabetes.
Enzymes Used to make bread stay soft longer; injected into low-value livestock before slaughter, to tenderise their meat; and used in fruit juice processing to create a cloudier, more natural appearance.
'Packaged in a protective atmosphere' Food that has been "gassed" in modified air to extend its shelf life. It delays what food manufacturers call "warmed over flavour", an off-taste that occurs in factory food.
Beef/pork/poultry protein Collagen extracted from butchered carcasses, processed into a powder and added to low-grade meats. It adds bounce, increases the protein content on the nutrition label and, combined with water, is a substitute for meat.
Washed and ready-to-eat salads "Cleaned" by sloshing around in tap water dosed with chlorine, often with powdered or liquid fruit acids to inhibit bacterial growth. The same tank of treated water is often used for 8 hours at a time.
'Pure' vegetable oil Industrially refined, bleached, deodorised oils. Food processors often add chemicals to extend their "fry life".
'Natural' flavourings Even the flavour industry concedes that "there isn't much difference in the chemical compositions of natural and artificial flavourings". They are made using the same physical, enzymatic, and microbiological processes.
This is an edited extract from Swallow This: Serving Up The Food Industry's Darkest Secrets, by Joanna Blythman