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Мандзій Сергій Володимирович ( 28 листопада 1974) — український політик, з 6 грудня 2019 народний депутат 9 скл. від партії «Слуга народу».

Життєпис
Закінчив школу №25 в Хмельницькому, Технологічний університет «Поділля» (економічний факультет) та Хмельницький університет управління та права (юридичний факультет). Навчався у аспірантурі Хмельницького університету.

Голова ГО «Хмельницька платформа» та «Сильне місто». Голова Федерації хокею Хмельницької області, голова Ради Федерації хокею України. Аудитор з правом аудиту підприємств та господарських товариств.

 1990—1991 — вантажник магазину № 86 Хмельницького об'єднання «Продтовари».
 1991—2000 — програміст Хмельницького комбінату будматеріалів.
 2000—2001 − директор ТОВ «Фенікс-центр».
 З 2001 — директор ТОВ «Рембуд».

Політика
1998 — балотувався до Хмельницької міськради за мажоритарним округом як самовисуванець.

2002 — обраний депутатом Хмельницької міськради за мажоритарним округом.

2006 — обраний депутатом Хмельницької міськради за списком «Народного блоку Литвина», був головою однойменної фракції.

2010 — депутат Хмельницької міської ради 6 скл. від «Народної партії», голова постійної Комісії з питань соціально-економічного розвитку, промисловості, транспорту, зв'язку, енергетики та підприємництва.

2015 — балотувався на посаду Хмельницького мера від Блоку Порошенка як безпартійний, балотувався до Хмельницької міськради за округом № 2. Член виконавчого комітету міської ради.

З 6 грудня 2019 — народний депутат України 9 скл., 136 номер у списку партії «Слуга народу», член партії. Входить до складу Комітету Верховної Ради України з питань екологічної політики та природокористування

Сім'я
Одружений, виховує сина Олександра (нар. 9 січня 2000).

Примітки

Посилання

 Верховна Рада України

Народні депутати України 9-го скликання
ЗеКоманда
Члени партії «Слуга народу»
Українські громадські діячі
Громадські діячі XXI століття
Помічники народних депутатів України
Депутати міських рад України
Політики XXI століття
Українські підприємці
Підприємці XXI століття

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Share the information of mobile apps and earn money!
Friday - June 14, 2019 11:35 am , Category : WTN SPECIAL
Facebook's new app gives a chance to earn money!
Make money with Facebook's 'Study' app
JUNE 14 (WTN) - These days most of the common Indian's free time is passing on the social media apps on the smartphone. According to a research, Indian people spend a lot of time on social media sites such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter and Instagram, even at night they are compromising with sleeping for spending time on social media sites. But how good it is to spend time on social media as well as earn money from it.
For your information let you know that the world's most popular social media site Facebook is going to give the chance to people to earn money now. Actually, Facebook has launched an app through which it will pay its users money. But making money from this app is not so easy. People will have to share some of their information with Facebook in exchange for money.
Facebook has named this app 'study'. Facebook has to say that its new study app is different from the previous two apps. This app can be downloaded from Google Play Store only. However, Facebook has said that in the coming days this app can also be downloaded from Apple Store.
In fact, through this app, Facebook will track the activities of mobile users on mobile. Through this app, Facebook will know which other apps are being used by the user. At the same time, Facebook will also collect information about the activities of the user's on varies apps, and how much time they spend on that apps.
For your information, let you know that this Facebook app will be available only in the US and India in the beginning. Facebook will use its social media platform to promote this app. After watching the Study app's add-in, users who want to join this app must sign up for this app. After testing the full qualification of the user, the user will be invited to download this app.
However, on the issue of privacy, Facebook has said that this app will not get any user's account and password information. Not only this, the app will be providing information to the users from time to time that their data is being collected by their permission. According to Facebook, users, who are 18 years of age or above, can download this app.
However, Facebook has not made it clear that how much money the user will get on using this app. But last time, under a similar program, Facebook paid users $ 20 a month. Actually, such applications have a lot of demand in the market research field. This type of app let to know that how many types of apps are being used by a user. The data collected from such applications gives a lot of information to companies for researching. After research of data, research companies know what the users have and what they want to watch read and hear. On the basis of which applications making companies improve their applications.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Andrew Chiu, selfmade chef, architect, and co-owner of Peking Tavern.
Peking Tavern serves unique cocktails with a special kick: baijiu, a Chinese grain alcohol, which might be the world's most consumed spirit thanks to China's huge population.
Andrew Wong and Andrew Chiu were architects before they became restaurateurs, and they carefully chose an "underground" location and decor that fit their theme. Their Tavern is tucked away in a spacious Downtown L.A. basement with Chinese-influenced design complemented by exposed brick and mirrors. The large communal tables and dimly-lit booths are perfect for their baijiu drinks and the local craft beers. You can also snack on Beijing Street Food like scallion pancakes, noodles, and dumplings.
By George Ko and Riki Robinson
Photos and Video by George Ko
Andrew Wong, self-made bartender, architect, and fellow co-owner.
""People refer to baijiu as the number one consumed alcohol in the world."
— Andrew Wong
Andrew Wong: Hi my name is Andrew Wong.
Andrew Chiu: And I'm Andrew Chiu.
AW: This is Peking Tavern, and we're here to talk about baijiu.
GR: Can you give us a history of baijiu? Why is baijiu so important to drinking culture in Asia?
AC: Baijiu (白酒) has been around China for literally a couple of thousand years. It's mainly produced in the province of Sichuan and Guizhou, although many other provinces also produce it today. It's been the staple drink for many occasions, from lunch, to dinner, to wedding celebrations, to business meetings, and diplomacy. It's an integral part of Chinese dining.
AW: People refer to baijiu as the number one consumed alcohol in the world, mainly because that's what people drink in China. It is very pungent; it's very strong. Typically it ranges from 100 to 120 proof which is 50-60% alcohol. When the Chinese first made it, they made it in large vats that were buried in the ground. It's not something that is colored though by oak, like bourbon. It's still a whiskey, because it's fermented grain, but it hasn't been oaked so it doesn't take on a color, hence it gets the name "baijiu" which means "white liquor." It's clear. It's strong. It's pungent, and it's perfect for cocktails— we think.
GR: What was your first experience with baijiu?
AC: We had our first experience together back in the early 1990s, back when we used to practice architecture and design in Asia. Andrew Wong had an office in Hong Kong and I had an office in Beijing. We often hung out together in Beijing. That's when we got our first taste together, because it was so prevalent: it was everywhere. You go to lunch, people are having baijiu. You go to dinner, people are having baijiu.
AW: Around the early 1990s, before China really opened up, we had an office there. It was during a transitional period and that was the local drink. People weren't drinking wine or beer. They had beer but it wasn't across all cultures and territories. They only had it in a few regions. Baijiu is basically everywhere. Maotai (the premium baijiu) was all over the place. We gravitated to drinking it and learning how to drink it, how to appreciate it, and subsequently getting very drunk.
GR: What is Chinese drinking culture like?
AC: The way they drink is very much a process. If you go to China, baijiu is consumed in tiny little glasses because it's so strong. Normally, when people first start at the beginning of a meal, everybody is very polite. You start with a little sip. You don't really say "Gan bei" (乾杯- bottoms up). You say, "Let's have a sip." We touch cups, take a little sip, then you start eating. Then, as the meal goes on, everybody starts to get a little buzzed, the bonding occurs, and that's when somebody eventually says, "Here's a toast! To friendship! Gan bei!" And everybody says "Yeah, let's gan bei!" It goes in stages like that. The next person after a few more bites of food says, "You know, I really enjoy this. You're a brother now! We're great friends! We're gonna do business!" So then another round. Then later on, anybody can walk over to you and say, "Let's have a cup!"
AW: When you say "Gan bei!" you have to finish it.
AC: When you say "Gan bei!" that's serious. That's "Bottom's up!" So normally, people don't jump to "Gan bei!" so quickly with baijiu. You need to let the situation develop a little bit. There's some politeness and a lot of conversation first before the "Gan bei!"
The different varieties of baijiu served at Peking Tavern.
GR: Can you show us some bottles of baijiu and talk about the brands?
AC: It's important to know that baijiu actually has several different categories and they're roughly categorized based on how they smell and taste. For example, there's the light aroma category which is normally more affordable. A brand like Red Star is the cheapest. Basically, it's not too complex of an aroma: you basically smell alcohol. The alcohol content is very high just like all of them. Then you have the mild aroma category, which would be something like the Wu Liang Ye that has more fruity notes. Then you have the really strong category, such as Shui Jing Fan. The strongest would be Maotai, which has the most unique aroma. Not many brands are comparable to the aroma of Maotai and the taste. That's why it's so coveted in China. The aging process is a lot more complex too.
GR: There's a huge counterfeit Maotai industry in China. If somebody is visiting, how can they tell if they drink the real deal? Do you have any advice?
AC: If you're in China and you're drinking Maotai, you better be having it in a nice place. Don't go to the little mom and pop places and expect to have this. Don't buy it from what they call the xiao mai bu (小賣部), the little street vendors. If you're going to buy something legitimate, you go to a legitimate store.
AW: To some degree, it's hard to replicate the aromatics Maotai has. If you really know Maotai well, and you drink a lot of it, it has very distinctive aromatics.
The well-liked Wong Chiu Punch cocktail.
GR: Can you show us some cocktails?
AW: I'll show you our favorite which is the Wong Chiu Punch.
GR: Did you create the recipe?
AW: No, we hired a mixologist to come up with the first program of cocktails. Later on, as we've been in business, we've developed one ourselves. So the first one, we hired a mixologist to come up with a program of baijiu cocktails. Her name is Carrie Ha. She's a tiny Korean woman and she makes amazing drinks! She's very fierce at making drinks.
Today I'm going to use the Er Gou Tou. It's called "Beijing Baijiu." That's the first ingredient we put in. Then, we use fresh lemon juice and some simple syrup. Then, we add a hibiscus liqueur.
AC: Made in Downtown L.A.!
AW: Locally made! You give that a nice shake and garnish with a lemon, and that is the Wong Chiu Punch. '
The second drink I'm going to make is made with celery juice. Over time we discovered that celery accompanies baijiu very well. We came up with this drink that incorporated fresh celery juice. I'm going to use the same baijiu again, the "Beijing Baijiu," and I'm adding fresh lemon juice again, then some simple syrup, then, the fresh celery juice that we juice every day. You give it a solid shaking. That is what we call the Liquid Jade. Garnish with a sprig of celery.
GR: Are these your two most ordered drinks?
AW: The Liquid Jade is definitely very popular because it's on the Happy Hour menu. A lot of people that have come here and had the Wong Chiu Punch before, they like it, and order it again.
The Liquid Jade.
GR: Can we talk more about the One Inch Punch?
AC: We had an opportunity to make a drink out of a new brand of baijiu called "HKB," which is Hong Kong Baijiu. It was actually created by an Italian guy. So, we thought, "Okay, what should we do?" At first we created a shot drink, with the cup. We thought it would be nice to call it the "One Inch Punch" because a shot glass is only about an inch tall. We made it with a Hong Kong baijiu, where Bruce Lee is originally from. We thought everything worked. People actually really liked the shot, so we developed it into a cocktail called the One Inch Punch.
""We wanted it to be modern, simple, but we wanted it to have this feel of Chinatown."
The baijiu bar at Peking Tavern.
GR: Can we talk about the design of the bar? How long did it take to assemble the bar?
AC: The bar itself I don't remember. We built it along with everything else. The whole construction project was about nine months. There was nothing here: no kitchen, no restroom, no plumbing. It was a very large space.
AW: Originally, when we came up with the concept, we were thinking of a stylized version of Chinatown. We wanted it to be modern, simple, but we wanted it to have this feel of Chinatown. We thought that was the appropriate way to present our baijiu cocktails. When we first found the space, we knew it would work. There was enough ceiling height so you wouldn't feel claustrophobic when you came into the basement. It started off with good bones, and we had to design in the kitchen, the beer fridge, and the extra long bar. We knew that was really part of the experience of coming to a Chinese restaurant. We wanted the drinks and the bar to be part of that experience. Also, there are so many gastropubs now, but none of them are with Chinese food. I think we're the first to do a Chinese gastropub and to introduce hand-made dumplings in a bar experience. We feel like we're the first to do baijiu cocktails as well. A lot of firsts here! Not the first to do Chinatown, but to do the stylized version of Chinatown.
GR: What's the inspiration for the food program?
AW: The food concept is what we refer to as "Beijing Street Food circa 1994," which is the time we were in Beijing. It was a very tumultuous time. It was a transitional time and the city was changing from a Communist economy to more of a free-market influence. They started to relax a lot of rules, and you saw a huge change in the way street food was being presented. Prior to 1994, there really wasn't a lot of diversity, let's say, because there wasn't the inflow of ingredients. After 1994, they were able to get ingredients that they hadn't seen in generations. We were there in Beijing on the streets eating the type of food we serve, which is dumplings and noodles, and drinking a lot of baijiu. Our food concept is just from a period of time that we experience. Prior to that, the street food scene was very one dimensional. It was literally just flour and soy sauce. After that, they had a lot of food that was deeply rooted in the culture. As time went on, and they had the Olympics and that also made changes. That's why we say it's Beijing Street Food 1994.
GR: What have you prepared today?
AC: What we have here is what they call pai huang gua (拍黄瓜) Basically, it's Persian cucumbers chopped up, tossed with white vinegar, some salt, garlic, and Wood Ear mushrooms. It's a very simple dish, very homey and street-style. Great for any season. These are two of our dumplings. This Sichuan fish dumpling. We created it to emulate some of the dishes we had in China before, including shui zhu yu (水煮魚- Sichuan boiled fish). It's also got a little bit of hong you chao shou (紅油抄手 - Sichuanese chili wontons) sauce at the bottom. It's amazing, it actually won us an award on the Travel Channel Show. This is our effort to take what was very popular along the streets of Beijing, which is lamb skewers that the Uighurs used to make. We were able to incorporate the taste of the lamb into the dumplings. We pan-fry it, and serve it on our house blackpepper sauce. It's really good, packed with hot juice.
The pai huang gua, or smashed cucumbers.
Hand-made fish dumplings.
GR: Do you see the influences of your baijiu cocktails going back to China?
AW: I think the cocktailization of alcohol is primarily in the West— in the U.S. and Europe. That's where cocktails are consumed. But in China, there's not that kind of following for cocktails. They'd rather drink it straight up. I don't imagine it taking off. I ask myself, "Did tequila cocktails take off in Mexico?" That would be the same analogy. There may be some influence going back, but they're probably still going to consume baijiu the way they've been consuming it for years, which is in a small cup straight up. The one thing we did, which is an improvement, is that we discovered that when you shake the baijiu in ice, it smooths it out. It adds water and it takes some of the pungency. It's less of that burning alcohol. We discovered that by making cocktails and shots with it. When we serve a shot of baijiu, what we do is we'll shake it and chill it down to get the temperature down. Then we often chase that with fresh celery juice. Maybe that will make it back to China? Who knows.
Peking Tavern is located at 806 S Spring St Los Angeles, CA 90014.
You can contact them at (213) 988-8308.
Visit their Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.
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I only have two or three students apply to Georgia Tech each year, and even if I have zero I will continue to read their blog. This is one of many posts that sums up why. Amazing advice if you are starting (or even right in the thick of) the college admission process. Follow this blog!
1 – Time. It is incredibly easy to let the college conversation permeate life, especially as a high school senior. Where are you applying? Did you write your essay yet? Aren't we visiting Northwestern next month? When is that financial aid deadline? Did you see that brochure from U Conn? Left unchecked these queries and conversations are like incessant Zillow notifications: after practice; on the way home from school; during breakfast, or when you are just sitting on the porch trying to relax.


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"A" SURNAME
ADAMS, David M.
ALBERT, Martin
ALLEN, David Skillman
ALLEN, Samuel C.
ALLISON, Dr. G.S.
ANDREWS, Thomas
ARBUCKLE, A.R.
Among the prominent farmers of Friend's Creek township stands the name of the subject of this sketch. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Center county, November 8th, 1822. The family are of English ancestry, and are closely related to the Adams family of Massachusetts, two members of which were Presidents of the United States. Alexander, the grandfather of the present sketch, was born in Massachusetts, and was a cousin of John Quincy Adams. He emigrated to Pennsylvania a short time before the revolutionary war, and was a soldier in that memorable struggle for independence. He was captured at Chadd's Ford, in one of the battles in Pennsylvania. John his son, and father of D.M. Adams, was born in Center county, Pennsylvanis: he remained there until his death, which occurred about the year 1868. During his life he was largely engaged in the iron business, but met with reverses by endorsing and trusting too much to the honesty of would-be friends. John Adams married Nancy Miller; she was also a native of Pennsylvania, and died in 1843. There were ten children by this marriage--five sons and five daughters. Seven of the children have survived the parents. The subject of this sketch is the second son, and fifth in the family. His advantages for an education in his youth were limited, as it was before the era of free schools in Pennsylvania. He, however, received the rudiments of an education, to which he has added a valuable store of information by extensive reading and close observation. During his school-days he was the companion and fellow-pupil of Andrew G. Curtin, afterwards the Governor of Pennsylvania, and yet a distinguished citizen of that state. Mr. Adams remained at home until his twenty seventh year, when he started out in life for himself. He first went to Kentucky, but soon after removed to Clinton county, Ohio, where he remained ten years. While there, he engaged in farming and trading in stock, which has been the principal business of his life since that time. In the month of November, 1862, he came west to Illinois, and settled in section 28, 18-3, Macon county, where he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land and improved it; remaining there until 1875, when he sold out and purchased land in section 26, 18-3, to which he removed, and where at present he still resides. In February, 1860, while yet a resident of Ohio, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Hankins, a native of the same state. By this union there have been six children, five of whom are living. Their names are: Ada B., William E., Mary E., Helen L., Charlotte M. Frederick, the youngest, died in the third year of his age. Both he and his estimable wife are members of the Christian Church. Politically, he was originally an old-line whig, and cast his first vote for Henry Clay in 1844. He continued a whig until the formation of the republican party, when he joined its ranks. In late years, however, he has been to a certain extent independent, and a believer in the principles and theories of the greenback party. In local and state elections he votes for the best men, regardless of politics; but in all national elections he has always voted the old-line whig or republican ticket. Upon the subject of temperance he is an advocate of its principles, and is a temperate man, but he is not a radical prohibitionist.
His business through life has been that of a farmer and stock-raiser, except the younger part of his life, when he was an assistant of his father in the same business; but since his residence in the west he has been identified with the agricultural interests of the county.
He started life unaided, except that he had strong hands and an abundance of energy, and, with the assistance of his excellent wife, he has succeeded in gaining a comfortable competency.
History of Macon County, Illinois, p. 198
Was born near Springfield, Clark county, Ohio, March 28th, 1839. His father, Henry Albert, was born at Hagerstown, Maryland, and his mother, Louisa Lehman, at Reading, Pa.
He was the oldest of nine children, and when he was fifteen the family moved to Hardin county, Ohio.
June 3d, 1861, Mr. Albert enlisted in Co. "G" of the 4th Ohio regiment. He first served in West Virginia, under McClellan, and was in the battles of Rich Mountain, Philippi, and Romney. The 4th Ohio belonged to the 2d army corps, and was with the army of the Potomac till the close of the war.
Mr. Albert took part in the various movements of the army, and was engaged in all the principal battles in Northern Virginia. May 3d, 1863, at the battle of Chancellorsville, he was shot through the hop and lower part of the body. He was in the hospital at Pt. Lookout for six months, and was then transferred to Camp Dennison, Ohio, where he was mustered out at the expiration of his three years term of service, June 8th, 1864, with his wound not yet healed.
In 1866 he came to Macon county and engaged in farming. In 1880 he moved on his present farm in section twelve, Illini township. He has a fine farm of two hundred and forty acres, with an abundance of running water and excellent natural advantages. The buildings have an admirable location.
July 7th, 1864, he married Ella Norman, who was born near Wheeling, Va. He has had nine children, of whom eight are living. He occupies an independent position in politics, but generally votes the democratic ticket.
He served one term as justice of the peace in Illini township, was re-elected, and was serving a second term, when he removed to Maroa township, where he resided four years, and then returned to Illini.
History of Macon Co, Illinois, 1880 - p. 216
David Skillman ALLEN
Only those lives are worthy of record that have been potential factors in the public progress in promoting the general welfare or advancing the educational or moral interests of the community. Mr. Allen was ever faithful to all the duties of life and by the successful conduct of his business affairs not only promoted his individual success but also advanced the general prosperity. In his life span of almost sixty years he accomplished much and left behind an honorable record well worthy of perpetuation.
Mr. Allen was born in Scott county, Kentucky, on the 8th of February, 1822, and was a son of Joseph and Katherine (Skillman) Allen. The Allen family originated in Scotland and from that country ancestors of our subject removed to Ireland, where the old Allen homestead is now in possession of Patrick Allen. In early life our subject's father removed from Loudoun county, Virginia, to Kentucky, and in Bourbon county, of that latter state, he married Katherine Skillman. They located in Scott county, Kentucky, where they reared their family, and where the father died in March, 1846. His wife, long surviving him, passed away a few years ago.
During his boyhood David S. Allen pursued his studies in a log school house in his native county, the school being conducted on the subscription plan as this was before the day of free schools, and after putting aside his text books he worked on his father's farm until twenty-five years of age, when he established a home of his own. On the i6th of September, 1845, he was united in marriage to Miss Amanda D. Risk, who was also born in Scott county, Kentucky, December 29, 1829, a daughter of John and Ann (Daugherty) Risk. Her mother was a native of the same county and there she gave her hand in marriage to John Risk, the name being originally spelled Risque. They continued to make their home there throughout the remainder of their lives. In religious faith they were Presbyterians and in politics Mr. Risk was a Whig. Of their ten children, Mrs. Allen is the ninth in order of birth and the only one now living.
After his marriage Mr. Allen located on a farm four miles from Georgetown, Kentucky, and from there removed to Macon county, Illinois, in January, 1855, settling one mile north of Harristown, where he purchased a section of land at sixteen dollars per acre but the property is now valued at one hundred and twenty-five dollars per acre. When the family located on this farm Decatur was the nearest town and there were no railroads through the county, much of this region being still wild and unimproved. With the development and upbuilding of his adopted county Mr. Allen bore an important part and throughout life carried on agricultural pursuits with good success. He died upon his farm on the 21st of August, 1880, honored and respected by all who knew him, and he was laid to rest in the Harristown cemetery. His political support was always given the Republican party but he never cared for the honors or emoluments of public office. He took an active part in church work, being a member of the Methodist Episcopal denomination and served as steward from the age of twenty-five up to the time of his death. He was also a strong advocate of temperance and his life was ever in harmony with his professions.
Since her husband's death Mrs. Allen has made her home with her children but is now living with her brother-in-law, William J. Quinlan at 222 West William street, Decatur. She is a lady of culture and refinement, who has traveled extensively both in this country and in Europe and she possesses literary talent of a high order. She has contributed several interesting articles on the pioneer settlers of Illinois to different periodicals and also wrote an article which was read at the last meeting of the Old Settlers of Macon county, who each year hold a reunion at Fairview Park in Decatur. She is a lady of many excellent traits of character which have endeared her to all with whom she has been brought in contact.
Unto Mr. and Mrs. Allen were born six children, five sons and one daughter, as follows: Rhodes C. married Miss Emma Levett and resided near Harristown for some time, but finally removed to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where he died. Of his three children only one is now living, Roy S., a resident of Los Angeles, California, Louisa C. married Dr. John M. Gregory, who was for thirteen years president of the State University at Champaign and also president of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Mrs. Gregory introduced domestic science into the former institution and was made professor of the same. The Doctor served as civil service commissioner under President Arthur and was one of the first to advocate free mail delivery and also the first to introduce work reading in the public schools. He died in Washington, D.C. October 19, 1898, and was buried in the Champaign University grounds. His widow and daughter Allene are still residents of the capital city. Henry C, Mrs. Allen's second son, is engaged in farming in Scott county, Kentucky. He married Miss Fannie Moore, of Georgetown, Kentucky, and has two children: Harvey M. and Evelyn. Charles Wesley, the third son, died July 6, 1880. He studied law at the State University and was graduated in 1877, being admitted to the bar two years later. Joseph Bascom, the next of the family, married Miss Sena Talbott and lives near Ottawa, Kansas, where he is engaged in farming. They have two sons, Louis and Arthur. E. Wright Allen, the youngest child, was born October 20, i861, on the old homestead in Harristown township, where he now resides. He began his education in the public schools of this county and later attended the State University at Champaign for three years. Throughout his active business life he has followed farming and has met with good success, being the owner of considerable farming land near Harristown. He is interested in the breeding of polled Angus cattle and is quite extensively engaged in that business, which he finds quite profitable. On the 1st of September, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss Minnie H. Moffett, who was born on the old Moffett homestead near Boody, December 28, 1868. Her father, William T. Moffett, was a native of Beardstown, Illinois, and was a very prominent man of his community, serving as state senator for a time. Unto Mr. and Mrs. E.W. Allen were born four children, but Skillman died November 29, 1896, at the age of seven years. Those still living are Leonora, Marie A. and Moffett B. E.W. Allen gives his political support to the men and measures of the Republican party and takes a deep interest in public affairs. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and Summit Lodge No. 431, A.F. & A.M., and stands high in both business and social circles. Success has attended his well directed efforts and he has become one of the most prosperous agriculturists of his community. Besides his valuable property in Harristown township he owns a half section of land in Texas.
Past and Present of Decatur and Macon County, IL, (1903), pg. 822-824
Samuel C. ALLEN
Samuel C. Allen, a retired farmer residing at No. 1606 East William Street, Decatur, was born on the 3d of October, 1810, in Loudoun County, Va., ten miles south of Leesburg. The family is of Irish origin. The great-grandfather of our subject, Robert Allen, lived in County, Antrim, and died at the advanced age of ninety-four years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Janet Hair, died in the city of Larne, Ireland, at the age of seventy-five years. Mr. Allen was a farmer and was a ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church. The old homestead is still in the possession of his descendants. The family numbered twenty-four children, eighteen of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. One of the sons became the grandfather of our subject. He was born on the Emerald Isle, and, coming to America at the age of sixteen, lived with a Quaker family in New Jersey. He, too, followed farming. His death occurred in 1799, at the age of eighty-eight years. He had four sons killed in the Revolutionary War, and one was killed and two died in the service.
James Allen, the father of our subject, was a native of Virginia, and became a farmer of that State. He married Elizabeth Lee, daughter of David Lee, who was of Scotch descent, and lived in New Jersey until 1775, when he removed to Virginia. He married a French lady and became well-to-do. His daughter Elizabeth was born in New Jersey. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Allen located in Loudoun County, Va., and became the parents of fourteen children, namely; William, David L., Samuel (deceased), James, Samuel C., Robert, Lemuel, Margaret, Sarah, Mary, Teresa, Jane, Elizabeth, and one who died in infancy. Only four are now living; Samuel C., Elizabeth, widow of Dr. Thomas H. Reed, who came to Decatur in 1831; Robert and Lemuel. The father of this family died on the old homestead in Loudoun County, Va., in 1845.
Upon the home farm, Samuel Allen attained to man's estate, and after arriving at mature years managed the place for some time. He had been early inured to hard labor, and was familiar with agriculture in all its details. On the 3d of October, 1831, he left the Old Dominion and traveled through Ohio and Tennessee on horseback. The following year he came to Macon County, Ill., where his brother David had secured the first deed ever made in Macon County. He purchased two hundred and forty acres of land, much of which he still owns, although some of it has been platted and forms town lots in this city. For a few years after his arrival he operated the grist and sawmill belonging to his brother David, which was the second mill erected in the county, and the only one then in operation. In 1841 he was appointed Postmaster of Decatur, after filling which office he devoted his time to farming and clerking until 1850, when he embarked in merchandising, which he followed for five years. Before that time he had served as Assessor, and later filled the office of County Treasurer for four years.
In December, 1858, Mr. Allen went to Adams County, Ohio, and married Mrs. Jane E. Reid, widow of Minor Reid. She was born in Virginia, and was a daughter of Enos and Mary (Davis)Gore, who were both natives of the same State, but became residents of Ohio. With his young bride our subject returned to this county, and they began their domestic life upon the farm. Five children were born unto them, four now living: Edwin G., of Decatur, who married Miss Minnie Sine, by whom he has two sons, Jay and Rex; William L., who resides on a part of the old homestead, now within the city limits, married Miss Mary Sanders, of Sangamon County, Ill., and has two children, Guy and Roy; Orville R., who married Miss Mamie Stockbridge and lives near the old homestead; and Frank D. Milton, the third son, died at the age of three years.
After leaving the office of County Treasurer, Mr. Allen engaged in farming until the death of his wife, which occurred in June, 1880, at the age of fifty-three years. She was a member of the Methodist Church. He has since retired from active work and is now living with his son Edwin. For half a century he has been a member of the Baptist Church, with which he united in its earliest days. In politics, he is a stalwart Republican. When our subject came to Macon County, Decatur contained not more than a dozen families. Wolves made the night hideous with their howls, and wild deer were plentiful, but the deep snow of 1830 and the very severe weather of that winter killed many. Only three persons who were children when Mr. Allen arrived here are now living, Silas Packard and his two sisters. The first white settlers in the county were two brothers by the name of Lorton from St. Joseph, Mich. They were Indian traders and did a thriving business until 1826, when the redmen ceased visitng this part of the country except in very small numbers. The first real pioneer was the hunter and trapper, William Downing, who came from Vandalia in the fall of 1820, and built a log cabin near the site of Capt. D.L. Allen's home. It was the first building erected for a residence within the limits of the county. In 1824, he sold out to John Ward. The first permanent settler was Leonard Stevens, Sr., who built a log house in 1821, three miles north of Decatur. A decade later our subject arrived and with the history of Macon County he has since been prominently identified, aiding greatly in its upbuilding and advancement which can never be repaid, but we can cherish and perpetuate their memory by written record, and therefore we gladly give to Samuel Allen a place in this volume.
Portrait and Biographical Record of Macon Co, Illinois, 1893 - p. 220-221
The subject of this sketch was born in Pike county, Missouri, July 22, 1848. Joseph C. Allison, his father, was a native of Tennessee. He married Maria Jackson, of Kentucky. Both parents died in Missouri. Dr. Allison attended the schools of his native county, and secured the rudimentary principles of an education, which he improved by three years' study in the Academy at Abingdon, Illinois, where he took a general and classical course. He determined to adopt the profession of medicine as the business of his life. With this idea in view, he read the standard text-books upon medicine, in the office and under the direction of Dr. W.C. Duncan of Pike county, Mo. He remained with Dr. Duncan four years, then entered the St. Louis Medical College and remained two years, and graduated from that institution with the degree of M.D., March, 1871. He commenced the practice in his native county, and two years later came to Mt.Zion, Macon county, where he has continued the practice with good success to the present. Dr. Allison belongs to the progressive school of physicians. He is a member of the County Medical Society, and at present is president of that body. On the 2d of May 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Ellen E., daughter of Prof. William Mariner, formerly of Lincoln University, Lincoln, Illinois. One child, named Ida, is the fruit of this happy union. Dr. Allison is a respected member of the order of A.F. & A.M., and I.O.O.F.
Among the successful foreign born citizens of the city of Decatur stands the name of Thomas Andrews. He is a native of South Wales, and was born August 28th, 1840. He is the youngest son of a family of three children (two sons and one daughter), who by the chances of fortune are as widely separated as is almost possible. The brother is a resident of Africa, and the sister of Australia. Mr. Andrew's parents died while he was yet young; he was kindly cared for by his maternal uncle and aunt. He grew to manhood on a farm; his education was limited, and received in the public schools of his native country. With his uncle's family he remained until his twenty-second year, when he resolved to emigrate to America and seek his fortunes in the new world, and left Liverpool on the 3d of May, 1862, landing in New York on the 18th of the same month. After visiting friends in Rochester, N.Y., and remaining with them a week, he then set out for Wisconsin with a friend who had made the journey with him from Wales. In Wisconsin he went to work on a farm, and remained a year and a half, when feeling the need of a more thorough business education, he entered Bryant, Stratton & Spencer's Commercial College at Milwaukee, and remained there three months. On account of his funds getting short he was compelled to seek employment for the purpose of replenishing his exhausted finances. He received a letter of recommendation to the proprietor of the Central House in Decatur, Ill., and came on here; after waiting five or six weeks he received the position as clerk. Remaining in that capacity for six months, he then went to the old Revere House as manager and clerk of the billiard hall and saloon; he remained in the "Revere", in different capacities, for four and a half years, when he leased the saloon and billiard hall, and operated both as proprietor until the house was burned down. A few days later he leased and fitted up the room in the St. Nicholas Hotel, moved his stock there, and has continued the business with success up to the present time. Mr. Andrews came to this country a poor man, without money or influential friends. He started down at the foot, and by slow, patient toil has made a comfortable competency.
History of Macon County, Illinois, 1880, p. 162A
Editor and proprietor of the Decatur Tomahawk, is a native of Guernsey county, Ohio, and was born on the tenth of March, 1851. His father, Robert Arbuckle, was born and raised in Pennsylvania, and when a young man went to Ohio, where he married Charlotte Freeman, a native of Guernsey county. The first fourteen years of Mr. Arbuckle's life were spent in Ohio. His father was a farmer. In 1864 the family moved to McLean county in this state, and settled on a farm near Le Roy. On the first of July, 1869, he entered the law office of General Ira J. Bloomfield at Bloomington, with the purpose of fitting himself for the legal profession. He was admitted to the practice of the law in June, 1871, and opened an office at Le Roy, where he remained one year. He became a resident of Maroa in the fall of 1874, and for about two years was occupied in legal practice. Having a taste for the journalistic profession he became connected with the Maroa News, which he published six months. In the spring of 1876 he was elected justice of the peace, which office he filled till his removal to Decatur in September, 1878. For about a year he engaged in the practice of law at Decatur, in partnership with S.C. Clark. On the eleventh of May, 1880, he issued the first number of the Decatur Tomahawk, which has since rapidly increased in circulation. It is conducted on an independent and liberal platform, both as to politics and religion, and is the only journal occupying this peculiar field published in Central Illinois. He was married in September, 1873, to Miss Anna Moore, of McLean county. In his personal political views he has always been a member of the republican party.
This Page Was Last Updated Sunday, 21-Jan-2018 11:34:03 EST
Copyright 2011 by Cheryl Rothwell for ILGenWeb
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January 15, 2006 Johanna Oni Press / Lion Forge 3 comments
Banana Sunday
Banana Sunday, written by Root Nibot (aka Paul Tobin) and drawn by Colleen Coover, is the kind of imaginative work that's perfect for comics. It's got a creative premise — a girl named Kirby starts at a new school while taking care of three apes — that would be too expensive or ludicrous to do anywhere else, yet it emphasizes internal conflict with sympathetic characters. The emotions are universal, such as young love on a first date or a reporter's conflict between loyalty and seeking the truth or the debate over how to stand up to a bully.
The art is simply styled, easy to read, with clear layouts (which takes a lot more talent than camouflaging problems with a busier style). It's got flair, too, whether capturing a character's expression or the active motion of the monkeys. The panel-to-panel moments are perfectly selected to flow, making the read almost like watching a cartoon (only it's easier to dwell on particularly good panels).
The monkeys are smarter than usual, and they can talk, so they're going to high school to learn more about human society. Chuck, the orangutan, is a bit stuffy, and he usually has his nose in a book. He's very proud of his advanced intelligence to the point of patronizing the teachers. Knobby is a spider monkey wearing a little suit of clothes and a bow tie, and he likes girls, wooing them with poetry.
Go-Go, the gorilla (although a tiny one), is fixated on food and naps. He's the most animalistic of the three, operating on instinct. Although selfish when it comes to his bananas, he's Kirby's fierce protector, even if too much brainwork puts him to sleep. He's the breakout character, my favorite, because he's even cuter than the rest. The other monkeys could easily be people, but Go-Go gives off more of an animal vibe, almost like a pet or a toddler. And as a minature of the biggest type of ape, he's adorable.
The setup is a classic fish-out-of-water scenario combined with the wacky appeal of a good sitcom. When school reporter Nickels discovers the monkeys have a secret, she's determined to find out what it is. Kirby knows that Nickels is investigating, but the two still become friends. Meanwhile, photographer Martin is hitting on her, in a good way. The combination of monkey secrets and school intrigue only increases the sense of fun, making for all-around enjoyable entertainment. This book is the missing link between Archie comics and Blue Monday.
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Robert Megennis advances to Pro Mazda Championship with Juncos Racing
Indianapolis, IN (December 5, 2017) – Juncos Racing announced today that Palo…
by juncos
Rinus VeeKay joins Juncos Racing for 2018 Pro Mazda campaign
Indianapolis, IN (November 28, 2017) – Juncos Racing announced today the 2017…
Juncos Racing successful with new PM-18 debut at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Indianapolis, IN (October 24, 2017) – The new PM-18 car made it's official…
by Abby Carter
Victor Franzoni Captures 2017 Pro Mazda Championship with Two Wins at Watkins Glen
Watkins Glen, New York (September 4, 2017) – Juncos Racing's Victor Franzoni…
Victor Franzoni Wins at Gateway Motorsports Park, Regains Championship Lead: Jeff Green Earns Best Finish in the Pro Mazda Championship
Madison, Illinois (August 27, 2017) – Victor Franzoni picked up his fifth win…
Juncos Racing Set for Pro Mazda in 2018 with Purchase of Three Tatuus PM-18s
Indianapolis, IN (August 21, 2017) – Juncos Racing is pleased to announce they…
Victor Franzoni Captures Win and Two Podiums at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course
Lexington, Ohio (July 30, 2017) – Juncos Racing continued the tight battle for…
Victor Franzoni Wins Round 5 at Road America Jeff Green Records Best Finish in Pro Mazda Championship
Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin (June 25, 2017) – The third weekend of the Pro Mazda…
Franzoni Dominates Pro Mazda Field at Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Speedway, Indiana (May 13, 2017) – Juncos Racing captured their first two wins…
Victor Franzoni Scores Second Place Finishes in Pro Mazda Double Header at St. Pete
St. Petersburg, Florida (March 13, 2017) – The 2017 Pro Mazda Championship…


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package com.github.thinwonton.basicrecycleradapter.sample;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.View;

import com.github.thinwonton.basicrecycleradapter.BasicAdapter;
import com.github.thinwonton.basicrecycleradapter.sample.simpleadapter.SimpleExampleAdapter;

/**
 * Created by HUGO on 2016/4/12.
 */
public class GridFragment extends BaseFragment {

    @Override
    protected BasicAdapter createAdapter() {
        return new SimpleExampleAdapter();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) {
        RecyclerView.LayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(getContext(), 2);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Meet the Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 mobile platform
Homepage > 5G > Meet the Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 mobile platform
Categories 5G, CBRS, Chips - Semiconductor, Devices, LAA, Qualcomm, Security, Snapdragon 845, Software, Xiaomi
Snapdragon 845 brings major advancements in immersive AV, AI, security, connectivity and performance
For the past five year, Qualcomm Technologies has spent more than $1 billion per quarter on research and development. Last week, with a bevy of executives, partners, press and analysts on hand in Maui, Hawaii, the results of that R&D spend were showcased with the launch of the Snapdragon 845 mobile platform, the company's new generation mobile platform.
The platform is built with the Spectra 280 ISP (image signal processor); Adreno 630 visual processing subsystem; Hexagon 685 DSP (digital signal processor); the Cat 18 X20 modem, which supports up to 1.2 Gpbs throughput, LAA, CBRS and dual-SIM/dual VoLTE; a secure processing unit; Aqstic Audio; Quick Charge 4+; and the Kyro 385 CPU.
"That's a lot of changes for one year. All so the 100s of designs that will come out with the Snapdragon 845 are differentiated and customized for each OEM that wants to bring a flagship to market," Keith Kressin, SVP Product Management, said. "This is what we mean when we say we offer an entirely new platform."
Tim Leland, VP Product Management and leader of visual processing, discussed enhancements to color depth and color gamut which "describes the range of colors displayed," as well as a new experience based on "cinema graph…We call this emotion. It allows the user to select a portion of the scene that they want to capture in video and composite that, and blend that in with the rest of the scene that was captured a s still image" using computational photography and post processing.
The cinema graph example demonstrated at the Snapdragon Summit showed a young girl resting her head on a countertop and looking at a pet goldfish in a bowl. The still image was just that, but the cinema graph experience showed the goldfish moving around its bowl while the rest of the scene stayed static.
The Snapdragon 845 features new level of support for XR experiences, which encompasses artificial reality, virtual reality, merged reality "and everything in between," Leland said, which will support new tools for industrial manufacturing, health care, military, engineering and emergency response. "What does all this add up to? What it really makes room for is smarter computing."
Gary Brotman, director product management, spoke the new mobile platform's support for artificial intelligence. "It is a transformative technology. It is transforming everything. Every industry, top to bottom, products and services, back office processes and development processes are all being augmented and improved by artificial intelligence. This technology movement will accelerate at an amazing pace. AI and machine learning has traditionally been something that has been relegated to the cloud. Intelligence is moving to the edge" to improve baseline performance for real-time applications, privacy and reliability.
He said the AI-related capabilities of the Snapdragon 845 represent a three-times improvement over the Snapdragon 835.
Sy Choudhury, senior director, product management, discussed the "vault-like security" that comes with the new secure processing unit on the Snapdragon 845. "At the end of the day, security is a set of defensive features that we incorporate into the hardware and the firmware. Privacy is a key benefit of security."
The secure processing unit has its own dedicated core, microprocessor, memory and cyrptography engine to ensure privacy, security and trustability for a variety of applications including biometric authentication, mobile payments
secure value built right into the heart of the platform. a secure island in some ways. "at the end of the day, security is a set of defensive features that we incorporate into the hardware and the firmware."
analogy about his wife in the swimsuit got away from him. this is weird. "Privacy is a key benefit of security." conscious sharing.
33% of payments or transactions happened over a mobile device on Black Friday.
trustability. can they trust that you are who you are when you make a transaction.
introducing the secure processing unit. "What is the secure processing unit? Its its own little core." has its own microprocessor and memory and crypto engine. "It has its own random number generator so it can generate digital keys to protect things that are important to you. If other parts of the platform…are trying to attack or get information from the secure processing unit, they're not able to. The secure processing unit can essentially shut that off."
Peter Carson, senior director of product marketing, described efforts to create a "wireless fiber" experience for gigabit LTE, 5G and Wi-Fi networks. The Snapdragon 845's X20 modem represents a 20% improvement over the X16. The new modem supports five-channel carrier aggregation, 4X4 MIMO, License Assisted Access and dual SIM, dual VoLTE technology designed to divide usage between the two SIMs. "There's now no compromises," Carson said. "The second SIM is no longer relegated to 2G and 3G." The new modem can support up to 1.2 Gbps on either SIM for better quality, coverage and resiliency deep into a building.
Other connectivity features include multi-gigabit Wi-Fi based on the 802.11ad standard, as well as an integrated 2×2 802.11ac Wi-Fi with dual band simultaneous support; and Bluetooth 5 for ultra-low power wireless ear bud support and direct audio broadcast to multiple devices.
Carson called it the "most advanced connectivity in a smartphone ever and a big step to the 5G experience."
Devices built on the Snapdragon 845 are expected out in early 2018 with Xiaomi CEO Lei Jun on hand in Maui to confirm the Chinese device maker's Mi 7, which is currently under development, will feature the new mobile platform.
The post Meet the Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 mobile platform appeared first on RCR Wireless News.
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STEUBENVILLE — Mr. and Mrs. James Riffee of Steubenville celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary on May 10 with family and friends at a private dinner.
Riffee and the former Betty Stone were married on May 10, 1958, at Weirton United Methodist Church by the Rev. A.R. Mansberger.
He is the son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Riffee. He retired from Weirton Steel Co. with 42 years of service.
She is the daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Stone. She retired from Sears and Roebuck as a sales consultant with 30 years of service.
They have two children, David Riffee of Weirton and Natalie Riffee of Steubenville. There are two grandchildren.


Art and photography web designs for painters, artists, and photographers as well as music, film and theater, etc. Each art and photography web site is customized to fit the needs of art and photography related businesses.
Example designs from our art and photography portfolio.


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Tennis: Sania, Ankita to lead India in Billie Jean King Cup World Group Play-offs
AITA named a five-member team on Tuesday for the tournament
Country's best singles player Ankita Raina and veteran Sania Mirza will lead India in the next month's Billie Jean King Cup World Group Play-offs away tie against formidable Latvia as the AITA named a five-member team on Tuesday for the tournament. The five-member team also has Karman Kaur Thandi, young Zeel Desai, who is making steady progress, and Rutuja Bhosale.
The All India Tennis Association (AITA) selection committee picked the team after a virtual meeting on Tuesday. Riya Bhatia, who was a playing member last year, will be the reserve player of the team, which will be captained by Vishal Uppal. Unlike the Davis Cup, where doubles is played as third match after the two singles and before the two reverse singles, in the Billie Jean King Cup format, doubles is played as the last match.
That way, Sania's experience will count only if the other Indian players can stretch the tie to the last match. Asked why Zeel (ranked 614) was preferred over higher-ranked Riya (359), a selection committee source said recent results of the players were considered before making a decision. "While Riya Bhatia is ranked second in India behind Ankita, the committee picked Zeel because she is in good form and has better results. Also, we are looking at future.
Zeel plays solid tennis and has it in her to put rivals under pressure," a source in the committee told PTI. "So in a format where you have four singles matches to play, you want your best players to be in playing side. Karman also has that X factor. She has a big game and can hurt rivals. "Karman missed out the last time because of injury. It's her chance to do well," the source added.
India's Billie Jean King Cup (Fed Cup) team for WG Play-off tie (April 16-17) against Latvia:
1) @ankita_champ
2) @MirzaSania
3) @KarmanThandi
4) @RutujaBhosale12
5) @ZeelDesaitennis
Riya Bhatia is reserve player
Side to be captained by @bigvish10
— Amanpreet Singh (@amanthejourno) March 16, 2021
The two-day away tie will be played from April 16 on the indoor hard courts at the National Tennis Centre, Lielupe, Jurmala. India had qualified for the World Group Play-offs for the first time after finishing second in the Asia/Oceania Group I tie, held in Dubai in March 2020 while Latvia lost 2-3 to USA in their group.
"It's a big boost for the team since we have never been there," said captain Vishal Uppal. "All of us are looking forward to this tie, Sania would also be keen. It will be a building block for women tennis in India. We will put pressure and that can make the mightiest crumble," added the captain. The tie will be a tough test for the Indians as Latvia are expected to be led by former French Open champion and world number 53 Jelena Ostapenko along with 2018 US Open semifinalist Anastasija Sevastova, who is ranked 56 now but was placed 11th in February 2018.
They had run Serena-Williams led USA close in the Qualifiers tie last year. Uppal said all he is expecting from the tie is that his players give their best. "If we succeed, nothing like it, if not, we will be richer in experience. There are no two ways, we want to win but if we play best tennis, that will help women tennis in India. That will make me happy."
Asked how he would mentor the side when the rivals are actually stronger, Uppal said "that makes us dangerous." "If they underestimate us, it will be a mistake. Nobody expects us to win but we have desire to win. We will have plans in place." India's hopes will lie on Ankita, who has a knack for punching above her weight, to stretch the tie deep. The World Group Play-offs of the tournament, previously known as Fed Cup, have been postponed twice earlier due to the coronavirus pandemic
Tennis Sania Mirza


text:
52 Sioux Rd #107, Sherwood Park, AB T8A 4X1
info@sherwoodparkmusic.com
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About WeJam
Retail & Office Staff
Andrew Jaehn
For 20 years music has been a surrounding force that Andrew could not ignore. Raised here in Sherwood Park, he quickly caught on to the ambience that had been ringing in his ears. Raised in a musical family, Andrew quickly picked up the urge to start playing music at age 5, playing violin. 15 years later he has picked up many instruments including mandolin, bass guitar, harmonica, ukelele, piano, drums, but most prominently the guitar. For 9 years Andrew has continued to make guitar his primary focus musically, originally being inspired by blues and rockabilly, and now incorporating jazz, funk, folk, country and rock into the mix as well. Performance wise, Andrew is well acquainted playing live sets, having performed in church worship bands, a string quartet, high school jazz band and concert band, gigs with various musicians, and even touring Western Canada and Belize with the Junkyard Poets. Currently, aside from teaching guitar, Andrew is a session musician for various local artists' recordings as well working on his debut solo album of all original material, that should be released in Spring. He feels very privileged to be joining Sherwood Park Music for a fifth year.
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text:
\section{Introduction}
Synchronization, i.e. the tendency of coupled oscillators to oscillate at the same frequency, is recognized as ``one of the most pervasive drives in universe''~\cite{Strogatz2003,Pikovsky2003}. Countless examples of this fact have been reported, from the synchronous blinking of fireflies to the coherent oscillation of coupled Josephson junctions~\cite{Wiesenfeld1996} or of chemical micro-oscillators~\cite{Toiya2010}. Synchronization plays also a role in memory processes~\cite{Fell2011} and in the complex networks arising, for instance, in neurosciences or in economics~\cite{Arenas2008}. Given that synchronization occurs in so many different contexts, the study of a specific system can acquire a broader significance by helping to identify features that are universal, i.e. common to a large class of different systems displaying synchronization.\newline
\indent
In laser physics, issues related to synchronization are typically encountered in optically injected lasers. Optical injection has been studied for a long time, but it is still a subject of interest today, both for the great complexity and variety of the possible dynamics~\cite{Wieczorek2005, Erneux2010}, and for its importance for applications such as high-speed modulation~\cite{Grillot2009} or microwave photonics~\cite{Hwang2013}. In particular, recently a synchronization regime of frequency locking without phase locking has been experimentally isolated in injected laser oscillators~\cite{Kelleher2010,Thevenin}. In this regime, the relative phase of two interacting oscillators is not constant in time, yet its variations are bounded, so that the systems keep oscillating at the same average frequency. It is quite obvious that this regime differs from the more common situation in which the oscillators are phase-locked, but how should one characterize and quantify this difference? In the present paper, we propose to answer this question by studying experimentally and numerically a driven, optically-based radiofrequency (RF) oscillator. Furthermore, the bounded-phase behavior, predicted long ago in driven laser systems~\cite{Braza1990, Solari1994, Strogatz1998} and more recently also in quantum dot lasers~\cite{Ludge2012, Ludge2013}, is by no means specific to lasers, since it occurs also in models of circadian~\cite{Kronauer1982} or coupled van der Pol~\cite{Chakraborty1988} oscillators. Actually, bounded-phase phenomena are extremely generic, since they are associated to a Hopf bifurcation~\cite{Kelleher2012}, and are to be expected when amplitude effects cannot be ignored in the dynamics of coupled oscillators~\cite{Aronson1990}. Thus, it can be expected that our study of a driven opto-RF oscillator will be relevant for coupled oscillators in general. Indeed, we will show in the following that our system provides an example of a generic, universal behavior of driven oscillators close to a Hopf bifurcation point.
\section{Experimental  setup and results}
\subsection{Experimental setup}
The experimental setup (see Fig.~\ref{fig1}) is similar to the one described in~\cite{Thevenin2012}.
We build an optically-based RF oscillator, and drive it with a stable RF synthesizer, that is coupled to the slave oscillator by optical frequency-shifted feedback.
The core of the experiment is a diode-pumped, solid-state dual-frequency laser (DFL)~\cite{Brunel2004}, represented in Fig.~\ref{fig1}(a).
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\includegraphics[width=8cm]{Fig1} \caption{(a) Dual-Frequency Laser. $M_{1,2}$: cavity mirrors. QWP: quarter-wave plate. (b) Experimental setup that allows synchronizing the DFL beat-note frequency to a RF synthesizer. DFL: Dual-frequency laser (slave oscillator). M: feedback mirror. QWP: quarter-wave plate. AOM: acousto-optic modulator. P: polarizer. D: detector. P-Q analyzer: digital vector signal analyzer, permitting to measure the quadratures of \textit{I} with respect to the reference signal delivered by the RF synthesizer.} \label{fig1}
\end{figure}
The laser cavity, of length L = 75 mm, is closed on one side by a high-reflection plane mirror, coated on the 5-mm long Nd:YAG active medium, and on the other side by a concave mirror (radius of curvature of 100 mm, intensity transmission of 1\% at the lasing wavelength $\lambda$ = 1064 nm). The active medium is pumped by a laser diode emitting at 808 nm. A 1 mm-thick silica \'etalon ensures single longitudinal mode oscillation. Two eigenmodes $E_x$ and $E_y$, polarized along $\hat{x}$ and $\hat{y}$, with eigenfrequencies $\nu_x$ and $\nu_y$ respectively, oscillate simultaneously. An intracavity birefringent element (here two quarter-wave plates QWPs) induces a frequency difference, finely tunable from 0 to $c/4L$ = 1 GHz by rotating one QWP with respect to the other~\cite{Brunel1997}.  The typical output power of the two-frequency laser is 10 mW when pumped with 500 mW.
When the laser output is detected by a photodiode after a polarizer at 45$^\circ$, an electrical signal oscillating at the frequency difference $\Delta \nu_0= \nu_y - \nu_x$ is obtained. The DFL can thus be seen as an opto-RF oscillator. \newline
\indent
In order to lock this oscillator to an external reference signal, we use optical frequency-shifted feedback~\cite{Kervevan} (Fig.~\ref{fig1}(b)). The feedback cavity contains an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), driven by a stable RF synthesizer, which provides an external phase reference. Next, a quarter-wave plate at 45$^\circ$ followed by a mirror flips the $\hat{x}$ and $\hat{y}$ polarizations, and finally the laser beam is reinjected in the laser cavity after crossing again the AOM. As a result, a $\hat{x}$-polarized field oscillating at the frequency $\nu_y+2 f_{AO}$ and a $\hat{y}$-polarized field oscillating at the frequency $\nu_x+2 f_{AO}$ are reinjected in the laser. We choose the value of $2 f_{AO}$ so that $\nu_x+2 f_{AO}$ is close to $\nu_y$. Under suitable feedback conditions, $\nu_y$ locks to the injected beam frequency $\nu_x+2 f_{AO}$, i.e. the frequency difference $\nu_y -\nu_x$ locks to $2 f_{AO}$. We note that the optical reinjection has no direct effect on $E_x$, because the frequency difference between $\nu_x$ and $\nu_y+2 f_{AO}$ is too large. For the same reason, multiple round trips in the feedback cavity have no effect on the dynamics. The laser output is detected with a photodiode (3 GHz analogic bandwidth) after a crossed polarizer, thus providing an electrical signal proportional to $I=|E_x+E_y|^2$. The signal is then analyzed with an electrical spectrum analyzer, a digital P-Q signal analyzer and an oscilloscope.
\subsection{Experimental results}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig2} \caption{(a) Experimental phasor plots of the output signal $I=|E_x+E_y|^2$, in the reference frame of the local oscillator at $2f_{AO}$. Each plot contains 2000 points, recorded over 100 $\mu$s. (I) Phase-locking regime. (II) Bounded-phase regime. (III) Unbounded-phase regime. (b) Corresponding experimental time series. (c) Power spectra.}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}
An electrical signal, oscillating in the absence of feedback at the frequency difference $\Delta \nu_0= \nu_y - \nu_x$ around 200 MHz, is obtained by detecting the interference signal $I=|E_x+E_y|^2$  between the laser fields on a photodiode after a polarizer. The whole system can thus be seen as an opto-RF oscillator, driven by the RF synthesizer (master oscillator) when the optical feedback is present.
The beat-note signal $I$ can be visualized at each instant in time as a vector having two components $P = I_0(t) \cos \phi(t)$ and $Q = I_0(t) \sin \phi(t)$ in a reference frame rotating at the master signal frequency $2f_{AO}$. The phase $\phi(t)$ is defined as $\phi(t) = \phi_y(t)-\phi_x(t)-2 \pi 2 f_{AO} t$, where $\phi_{x,y}$ are the optical phases of the two electric fields $E_x$ and $E_y$. For small enough detuning $\Delta \nu= \Delta \nu_0 - 2 f_{AO}$ between the slave and the master oscillator, phase-locking occurs, and the corresponding experimental phasor plot consists of just a fixed point (Fig.~\ref{fig2}(a), regime I). If $\Delta \nu$ is increased above the Adler frequency $f_A$, the fixed point solution loses stability through a Hopf bifurcation. The point representing $I$ then rotates at the frequency $\Delta \nu$ on a limit cycle (Fig.~\ref{fig2}(a), regime II). The relative phase exhibits bounded, periodic temporal oscillations, whose amplitude increases with $\Delta \nu$. Finally, when $\Delta \nu$ is bigger than a second characteristic frequency $f_B$, the origin of the plane lies inside the limit cycle and the phase variations are not bounded anymore (Fig.~\ref{fig2}(a), regime III).
In the time and frequency domains (Fig.~\ref{fig2}(b-c)), phase-locking (I) appears as pure sinusoidal oscillation, and the corresponding power spectrum consists of a single, sharp Fourier peak. On the contrary, in the bounded (II) and in the unbounded-phase regimes (III), the power spectrum shows two peaks at the natural frequencies $2 f_{AO}$ and $\Delta \nu_0$ of the uncoupled master and slave oscillator respectively, and the time series displays a beating, i.e. a slow modulation of the amplitude of the oscillations.
From Fig.~\ref{fig2}, the question arises about the exact status of the bounded-phase regime, occurring when $f_A < \Delta \nu < f_B$. On the one hand, since the relative phase is bounded, the average frequency of the oscillators is the same, and they can be considered as synchronized. On the other hand, the bounded-phase regime appears very similar to the unbounded-phase regime. In particular, the power spectrum displays two separated peaks at the natural frequencies of the oscillators, as it happens when synchronization is absent. Furthermore, while a qualitative change of the dynamics occurs when passing from phase locking to the bounded phase through a Hopf bifurcation, in the $\{$P, Q$\}$ plane in Fig.~\ref{fig2}(a) the bounded-phase and unbounded-phase regimes appear topologically equivalent and no bifurcation is seen between them~\cite{Wieczorek2005}.\newline
\indent
To investigate quantitatively such questions, we propose to use the power spectral density (PSD), also called phase spectrum, of the relative phase between the oscillators as a meaningful measure of synchronization. The PSD measures the strength of the phase fluctuations of an oscillator at all frequencies, and thus characterizes its quality in a complete and rigorous way.
Precisely, the PSD is defined as follows~\cite{Rubiola2008, IEEE2008}.
For a stochastic, ergodic process $\phi (t)$, the autocorrelation function is:
\begin{equation}
C(\tau)=\left\langle \phi (t) \phi (t+\tau)\right\rangle = \lim_{T \to \infty}\frac{1}{T}\int_{-T/2}^{T/2} \phi (t) \phi (t+\tau) dt.
\end{equation}
Brackets indicate the ensemble average. The single-sideband power spectral density of the process is defined as
\begin{equation}
PSD(f)=2 \theta (f) \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} C(\tau) \exp{(-i 2 \pi f \tau)} d\tau,
\end{equation}
where $\theta (f)$  is the Heaviside function. Indeed, the negative frequency components can be discarded because $C(\tau)$ is a real, even function. $PSD(f)$ is frequently expressed in decibels as 10 $\log \left[PSD(f)\right]$, and its units are dBrad$^2$/Hz. This is the quantity we have measured, and indicated as $S_\phi (f) = 10 \log \left[PSD(f)\right]$. In practice, the above definitions are not directly used for the computation of $S_\phi (f)$. One rather uses the equality $PSD(f) \, df = 2 \theta(f) \left\langle|d\Phi(f)|^2\right\rangle$, and estimates $|d\Phi(f)|^2$ by taking the square modulus of the Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) of a sampled time series of $\phi (t)$.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig3} \caption{Measured phase spectra $S_\phi(f)$ for different values of the detuning $\Delta \nu$. \newline Black: $\Delta \nu$ = 60 kHz, phase locking regime. Blue: $\Delta \nu$ = 220 kHz, bounded-phase regime. Violet: $\Delta \nu$ =  240 kHz $\simeq f_B$. Red: $\Delta \nu$ = 260 kHz, phase-drifting regime. Green : free-running laser (no feedback from the external cavity).}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure}
In our setup, the relative phase $\phi(t)$ can be extracted from the time series of the two quadratures $P(t)$ and $Q(t)$.
The spectrum $S_\phi(f)$ of $\phi(t)$ is then computed. Note that, when the phase is unbounded, the average slope of the drifting phase has to be substracted in order to get a stationary, ergodic process. The experimental spectra are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig4}. One sees that, in the phase-locking regime, the phase fluctuations of the free running laser are strongly suppressed at low frequency. For instance, at 1 kHz from the carrier one has a noise reduction of more than 30 dB with respect to the free-running case. The phase of the slave oscillator is locked to the stable master, which ensures the long-term phase stability. The absolute value of the phase noise that we obtain, $-$100 dBrad$^2$/Hz at 10 kHz from the carrier, is comparable to what is obtained with active stabilization techniques using electronic servo-loops~\cite{Brunel2004b}.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig4} \caption{(a) Measured phase spectra $S_\phi(f)$ at 1 kHz from the carrier frequency, as a function of the detuning $\Delta \nu$. The arrows correspond to the spectra of Fig.~\ref{fig4} (except for the free-running laser situation, not represented here). The red line is an eye-guide. (b) A phase bifurcation diagram, calculated using the laser model and the measured values of $f_A$ and $f_B$, is shown for comparison.}
\label{fig5}
\end{figure}
In the bounded-phase regime, it can be seen that the long-term phase stability is exactly the same as in the phase-locking regime. The low frequency part of the spectrum can hardly be distinguished in the two cases. In this case too, despite the occurrence of fast temporal oscillations, the average value of the slave oscillator phase is locked to the stable master phase, and low frequency drifts and fluctuations are removed with respect to the free running laser. The only differences in the spectra arise at high frequency. Indeed, in the bounded-phase regime one has a narrow peak at the detuning frequency $\Delta \nu$, and its harmonics. These peaks are the coherent signature of the Hopf bifurcation, and correspond to the onset of the deterministic oscillation of the phase beyond the bifurcation point $f_A$. At the transition between the bounded and unbounded-phase regime, for $\Delta \nu \simeq f_B$, there is an enormous increase of the phase noise. This can be understood by observing in Fig.~\ref{fig2}(a) that the experimental limit cycle has a finite thickness, because of uncontrolled fluctuations of the parameters and of the setup. Therefore, when $\Delta \nu$ approaches $f_B$, erratic phase slips occur in a random fashion, driven by the noise present in the system. These stochastic, abrupt 2$\pi$ phase jumps close to the point $f_B$ explain the huge amount of phase noise. Finally, the spectrum of the unbounded-phase regime corresponds essentially to the one of the free-running opto-RF oscillator, apart from the high-frequency peaks.
Figure~\ref{fig5}(a) reports the PSD value at 1 kHz from the carrier as a function of $\Delta \nu$. It is striking to compare this plot to a numerically calculated bifurcation diagram (Fig.~\ref{fig5}(b)). Indeed, when looking at the long-term phase stability of the oscillator, the occurrence of a Hopf bifurcation at the point $f_A$ is completely undetectable. Conversely, at the point $f_B$ a sharp transition occurs as a signature of the unlocking of the slave oscillator. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the relevant boundary for the synchronization range is not the Adler frequency $f_A$, but the bounded-phase frequency $f_B$. From the viewpoint of dynamical systems, phase-locking and bounded-phase are two qualitatively different regimes, separated by a bifurcation; yet this distinction turns out to be of little relevance if one is concerned with synchronization.\newline
\indent
At this point, one may ask whether the bounded/unbounded-phase transition is a bifurcation or not. Mathematically, the answer actually depends on the choice of variables~\cite{Wieczorek2005}. If the beat-note signal is described using the amplitude $I_0(t)$ and the phase $\phi(t)$, then its phase space is the surface of a half-cylinder. Bounded-phase and unbounded-phase regimes correspond to limit cycles that do not wrap the half-cylinder (librations) or that wrap it (rotations) respectively, and are not topologically equivalent. On the contrary, if the signal is described using the quadratures $P(t)$ and $Q(t)$, the two regimes are topologically equivalent, as we have seen. This difference stems from the fact that the polar coordinates $I_0(t)$ and $\phi(t)$ are not homeomorphic with the planar coordinates $P(t)$ and $Q(t)$. So, mathematically the nature of the bounded/unbounded-phase transition is, to some extent, a matter of choice, and it is worth noticing that, in a theoretical bifurcation analysis, it looks more convenient to work with $P(t)$ and $Q(t)$, so that no bifurcation appears at $f_B$~\cite{Wieczorek2005}. However, our results show clearly that the physics of the system is not ambiguous: a sharp transition occurs at the point $f_B$, namely the transition from synchronization to desynchronization.
\section{Theory: laser and generic oscillator models}
We compare the experimental observation with the following laser model~\cite{Thevenin2012}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{de_x}{ds} &=& \frac{\left( m_x + \beta m_y \right)}{1+\beta} \frac{e_x}{2}, \label{norm_e_x} \\
\frac{de_y}{ds} &=& \frac{\left( m_y + \beta m_x \right)}{1+\beta} \frac{e_y}{2} + i \Delta \, e_y + \gamma e_x,\label{norm_e_y}\\
\frac{dm_{x,y}}{ds} &=& 1 - \left(|e_{x,y}|^2 + \beta |e_{y,x}|^2\right)+ \label{norm_m}\\ \nonumber
&-& \epsilon \, m_{x,y}\left[1 + (\eta - 1)(|e_{x,y}|^2 + \beta |e_{y,x}|^2)\right],
\end{eqnarray}
where $e_{x,y}$ are the normalized amplitudes of the optical modes, $ m_{x,y}$ describe the population inversions, $\eta$ is the pump parameter, $\beta$ accounts for the cross saturation in the active medium, $\gamma$ is the feedback strength, $\epsilon$ is the inversion lifetime, $\Delta = \Delta \nu/f_R= (\Delta \nu_0-2f_{AO})/f_R$ is the detuning, and $f_R$ is the relaxation oscillation frequency. The scaled time $s$ is related to the physical time $t$ by $s= 2\pi f_R \, t$.
The normalization has been chosen so to remove stiffness from the class-B laser equations~\cite{Erneux2010}. For more details on the model, and for the correspondence between the normalized and the physical quantities, see~\cite{Thevenin2012}.
We have injected some noise in the system by replacing the pump parameter $\eta$ with $\eta(1+0.05\xi(s))$, where $\xi(s)$ is a $\delta$-correlated, normally distributed stochastic process. We notice that pump fluctuations induce fluctuations of $f_R$, and thus of the normalized quantities $\Delta$ and $\gamma$. This fact must be taken into account when integrating the laser equations.
The PSDs calculated from numerical integration of the laser model are reported in Fig.~\ref{fig6}(a). As in the experiment, it is observed that optical feedback is effective in reducing the low frequency phase fluctuations, both when the phase is locked and when it is bounded. In both cases, the opto-RF oscillator is thus synchronized to the master, and the long-term phase stability is not reduced by the onset of self-sustained oscillations. The huge increase of phase noise around the point $f_B$ is also reproduced, as well as the fact that, in the unbounded-phase regime, the phase noise is essentially equal to that of the free-running oscillator.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{Fig5} \caption{(a) Simulated phase spectra $S_\phi(f)$ using the laser model. Black: $\Delta \nu$ = 100 kHz, phase locking regime. Blue: $\Delta \nu$ = 180 kHz, bounded-phase regime. Violet: $\Delta \nu$ = 230 kHz $\simeq f_B$. Red: $\Delta \nu$ = 400 kHz, phase-drifting regime. Green: free-running laser (no feedback from the external cavity). The values of the parameters used in the simulations are: $\beta$ = 0.6, $f_A$ = 160 kHz, $f_R$ = 70 kHz, $\gamma = f_A/f_R$, $\epsilon$ = 0.97 10$^{-2}$, $\eta$ = 1.2.
(b) Simulated phase spectra $S_\phi(f)$ for the generic model. Black: $e$ = 1.7, $\Delta$ = 1.4, phase locking regime. Blue: $e$ = 1.7, $\Delta$ = 2.6, bounded-phase regime. Violet: $e$ = 1.7, $\Delta$ = 2.9 $\simeq f_B$. Red: $e$ = 1.7, $\Delta$ = 5.7, phase-drifting regime. Green: $e$ = 0, no forcing.}
\label{fig6}
\end{figure}
One can ask to which extent these findings are specific to our system. In order to answer this question, we have numerically investigated the following minimal model~\cite{Pikovsky2003}:
\begin{equation}
\frac{dy}{ds} = (1-i\Delta)y-(1+i\alpha)|y|^2y+ e.\label{min}
\end{equation}
$y$ represents the complex amplitude of a periodically driven oscillator, $\Delta$ is the detuning between the master and the slave, $\alpha$ accounts for the possible dependence of the oscillator's phase on the amplitude of the oscillations, and $e$ is the strength of the drive. Equation~\ref{min} contains just a linear term accounting for the growth of oscillations, a saturating nonlinearity, and an external forcing, and is a universal equation describing any periodically driven oscillator close to a supercritical Hopf bifurcation point~\cite{Pikovsky2003}. We have introduced some noise by replacing $\Delta$ with $\Delta \left[1+0.033\,\xi (s)\right]$.
In the following, we have taken $\alpha$ = 0 because this seems more appropriate for comparison with a solid-state laser. However, some numerical simulations, not shown here, indicate that this parameter does not influence phase noise, when $\alpha^2 < 1/3$. For higher values of $\alpha$, the bifurcation structure of the generic model changes qualitatively~\cite{Pikovsky2003}, and we have not explored this case.
The PSDs of the phase of $y$ are plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig6}(b), for different values of $\Delta$.
The agreement of the spectra in Fig.~\ref{fig6}(b) with the laser model is striking. All the observed regimes are reproduced and appear thus to be generic for any driven oscillator undergoing a Hopf bifurcation.
\section{Conclusion}
In conclusion, we have characterized the synchronization of an opto-RF oscillator to a reference oscillator by measuring the noise spectrum of the relative phase, and shown that the long-term stability of the master oscillator is transferred to the driven oscillator even when the latter loses phase-locking and enters the bounded-phase regime. The synchronization range thus extends up to the edge of the bounded-phase regime, and can be substantially larger than the phase-locking range (of a factor $\sqrt{2}$ typically~\cite{Strogatz1998}). A generic, minimal model gives strong evidence that the robustness against a Hopf instability is a universal feature of synchronizing systems.
\newline
\indent
Given the ubiquitous occurrence of synchronization and the genericity of the mechanism discussed here, the present results can be relevant for many areas. In a broader context, recently synchronization phenomena have been highlighted in optomechanical~\cite{Marquardt2011} or micromechanical~\cite{Agrawal2013} oscillators. Most of the recently observed results could be explained in the framework of pure phase equations such as the Adler model, which is the case when the coupling is too weak to affect the amplitude. However, as soon as this condition is not fullfilled, Hopf dynamics is to be expected, therefore we believe that the results presented here will soon prove relevant also for these research  fields. One can also expect the present results to have an impact in the context of delay-coupled systems at large~\cite{Soriano}.
In general, it is known that a delayed coupling can be a source of oscillations, and in some cases it prevents phase locking~\cite{Erneux2009}. However, frequency locking is more general than phase locking, and the oscillatory behavior of coupled, delayed systems is not incompatible with bounded-phase synchronization. Under our experimental conditions, the effect of the delay could not be observed, because the feedback is seen as instantaneous by the laser. Indeed, the typical time scale of the laser dynamics is $ 1/f_R \simeq 10 \, \mu$s, which is much longer than the external-cavity round-trip time $\tau \simeq$ 5 ns. On the contrary, the effect of delay could be conveniently studied using semiconductor lasers, which evolve on much faster time scales~\cite{Sciamanna2007, Sciamanna2009}.

\textit{Acknowledgments.}

We thank F. Bondu for his help on the phase noise calculations. This work has been partly supported by the ``Contrat de Projet Etat R\'egion Bretagne'' PONANT.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
The Progress of a Meth...
See also from Grove Music Online
Cipriano de Rore
Jacques Buus
Classicism, by definition, is teachable. We can be sure that every one of the technical observations just made about Willaert's music corresponds to the composer's conscious practical intentions because the techniques involved were abstracted and explicitly transmitted as methods by Zarlino. A fairly hilarious instance of this abstraction and transmission is a bicinium that Zarlino devised to demonstrate "how to avoid cadences" (Il modo di fugir le cadenze). Its object is to give as many examples as possible of Willaert's technique of making the voices "give the impression of leading to a perfect cadence, but turn instead in a different direction"13 (Ex. 15-6).
Richard Taruskin. "Chapter 15 A Perfected Art." The Oxford History of Western Music. Oxford University Press. New York, USA. n.d. Web. 16 Jul. 2019. <https://www.oxfordwesternmusic.com/view/Volume1/actrade-9780195384819-div1-015008.xml>.
Taruskin, R. (n.d.). Chapter 15 A Perfected Art. In Oxford University Press, Music from the Earliest Notations to the Sixteenth Century. New York, USA. Retrieved 16 Jul. 2019, from https://www.oxfordwesternmusic.com/view/Volume1/actrade-9780195384819-div1-015008.xml
Richard Taruskin. "Chapter 15 A Perfected Art." In Music from the Earliest Notations to the Sixteenth Century, Oxford University Press. (New York, USA, n.d.). Retrieved 16 Jul. 2019, from https://www.oxfordwesternmusic.com/view/Volume1/actrade-9780195384819-div1-015008.xml


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Painting for Nilesh Prajapati is a way of expressing his ideas of meditation. His canvases are generally dark-hued, offering the work a grim and brooding quality. Working from top to the bottom, Prajapati's colours seem to emerge from an all-encompassing blackness, possibly pointing towards a life philosophy that the artist follows. Most of the works have an area that is intentional discoloured and immediately draws attention, making it the central focus of the work. Prajapati has also dabbled in tantric symbolism, with a similar colour palette.


text:
Huaylas bezeichnet:
 Provinz Huaylas, peruanische Provinz der Region Ancash
 Distrikt Huaylas, Distrikt in der Provinz Huaylas
 Huaylas (Peru), Stadt im Distrikt Huaylas
 Callejón de Huaylas, Flusstal in der Region Ancash, Peru

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 Huayllas


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Fruits are good for us! It's rich in nutrients and fiber we need. But it also has natural sugar, and some fruits have more glucose than the others. Since I'm serious about cutting down my sugar consumption I did a little research what fruits I should avoid or at least eat less.
I was surprised to know that I am overweight after being checked by professional health consultant and I am at my heaviest weight ever, I'm currently 64.42kg! I know, depression (of losing my mama) hit me too hard that I indulged in too much eating. I will see if cutting back on sugary food (e.g. desserts) and fruits that are high in sugar will help.
I think that fruits high in sugar are not our best choice if we're trying to watch our weight or control our sugar intake. But, if cravings for sweet kick in fruits are still the best choice than any other sweet food. Generally, it's still important to be mindful of how much sugar we are consuming. Any sugar, even the natural kind, can affect our body's insulin levels and potentially lead to weight gain and worst is to unwanted diabetes if left unmonitored.
Based on my research here are the top 5 fruits that are high in sugar which I have decided to stop consuming at the moment and focus more on other fruits. The FDA recommends adults to eat two cups of fruit per day, but it's still depends on your diet goal.
Amongst this list, banana and grapes are consistent in my eating habit. And I'm a bit sad to remove Mango too, since it's currently in season, so it's everywhere and it's cheap. It's one of my favorites too. Well, sacrifices for the name of getting back up to my normal weight. Wish me luck!
Are you also trying to cut down sugar or any fruits you want to add on this list?
Share with us at the comments below!
Those are all my favorite fruits!


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All but three of the top 15 certifications pay $100,000 or more.
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