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The Rebirth of History: Times of Riots and Uprisings
Author(s): Alain Badiou
In the uprisings of the Arab world, Alain Badiou discerns echoes of the European revolutions of 1848. In both cases, the object was to overthrow despotic regimes maintained by the great powers - regimes designed to impose the will of financial oligarchies. Both events occurred after what was commonly thought to be the end of a revolutionary epoch: in 1815 the final defeat of Napoleon and in 1989 the fall of the Soviet Union. But the revolutions of 1848 proclaimed for a century and a half the return of revolutionary thought and action. Likewise, the uprisings under way today herald a worldwide resurgence in the liberating force of the masses - despite the attempts of the "international community" to neutralize its power. Badiou's book salutes this reawakening of history, weaving examples from the Arab Spring and elsewhere into a global analysis of the return of emancipatory universalism.
"A figure like Plato or Hegel walks here among us!" Slavoj A iA ek; "An heir to Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser." New Statesman; "Shaking the foundations of Western liberal democracy." Times Higher Education Supplement;"One of the most important philosophers writing today." Joan Copjec; "Scarcely any other moral thinker of our day is as politically clear-sighted and courageously polemical, so prepared to put notions of truth and universality back on the agenda." Terry Eagleton
ALAIN BADIOU teaches philosophy at the Ecole normale superieure and the College international de philosophie in Paris. In addition to several novels, plays and political essays, he has published a number of philosophical works, including Wittgenstein's Antiphilosophy, The Communist Hypothesis and Metapolitics.
Publisher : Verso Books
Imprint : Verso Books
Author : Alain Badiou

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Multiplex peut désigner :
 multiplex, en télévision numérique terrestre, un ensemble de chaînes partageant la même fréquence ;
 pour la France, voir composition des multiplex ;
 multiplex, un lancer de plusieurs objets en jonglerie ;
 multiplex, un type de bâtiment résidentiel, courant à Montréal, au Canada ;
 multiplex, en Belgique, un panneau de bois contreplaqué ;
 Multiplex, une entreprise et une marque allemande de maquettes et de télécommandes d'aéromodélisme.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Ketonska tijela je naziv za tri vodotopljiva spoja koja nastaju kao nusprodukti korištenja masnih kiselina za proizvodnju energije u jetri i bubregu. Ketonska tijela se koriste kao izvor energije u srcu i mozgu, i vitalni su izvor energije za mozak tijekom gladovanja.
Ketonska tijela su aceton, acetoctena kiselina, i beta-hidroksimaslačna kiselina.

Ketonska tijela se prenose iz jetre do ostalih tkiva gdje se acetoacetat i hidroksibutirat rekonvertiraju u acetil-CoA (acetil-koenzim A), koji zatim ulazi u Krebsov ciklus. Srce koristi malu količinu ketonskih tijela za energiju, a najviše za dobivanje energije koristi masne kiseline. Mozak koristi ketonska tijela za dobivanje energije kada nema dovoljno glukoze na raspolaganju (npr. tijekom gladovanja), jer ne može koristiti masne kiseline koje prenosi krv.

Ketonska tijela nastaju iz acetil-CoA, procesom koji se naziva ketogeneza, a odvija se u mitohondrijskom matriksu hepatocita kada su razine ugljikohidrata male, pa se energija dobiva iz masnih kiselina. Aceton nastaje spontanom dekarboksilacijom iz acetoacetata, ne može se rekovertirati u acetil-CoA, izlučuje se iz tijela urinom i izdisanjem.

Stanje povišene vrijednosti ketonskih tijela u krvi naziva se ketoza, a povišena vrijednost ketonskih tijela u urinu naziva se ketonurija. Acetoacetat i beta-hidroksibutirat su kisele tvari te utječu na sniženje pH krvi, pa povišenje njihove koncentracije u krvi može uzrokovati ketoacidozu.

 Endokrinologija
Biomolekule


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What We Learned About the Economy in 2021
in Economy
For once, the government tried overheating the economy. For better and worse, it succeeded.
For people who study the vicissitudes of the economy, 2021 has been the most interesting year of the 2000s.
It hasn't been the most dramatic (that would be 2008 or 2020), and neither the best (2000 or 2019) nor the worst (2009). Rather, it has been a year in which economic dynamics that had seemed entrenched for decades came apart, or changed in fundamental ways. Workers attained the upper hand over employers; supply chains broke; inflation surged; and the economy rebuilt itself from its depressed pandemic levels with astounding speed.
In contrast to the last economic cycle, the government tried overheating the economy for once. For better and worse, it succeeded.
The unemployment rate, 6.7 percent in December 2020, fell to 4.2 percent 11 months later. That same shift took three and a half years in the last expansion, from March 2014 to September 2017.
But the flip side has been soaring prices and many goods in short supply. Inflation has reached its highest levels in four decades. In surveys, Americans are remarkably unsatisfied with economic conditions. The growth numbers have been good. The vibes have been bad.
These are the most important things to learn from a year in which the economic ground beneath our feet shifted.
Yes, you can overheat the economy
In the early months of 2021, there was vigorous disagreement between people in the centrist and left-of-center economics worlds. Was the $1.9 trillion pandemic rescue plan the Biden administration enacted, on the heels of a $900 billion bipartisan package passed in the final weeks of the Trump administration, too big relative to the hole the economy was in?
For example, in February the Congressional Budget Office projected that the 2021 output gap — the economy's shortfall relative to its full potential — was only $360 billion. Even if you think the C.B.O. numbers are too cautious, estimates like that implied that the pandemic relief that passed a month later would send too much money coursing through the economy and result in inflation.
That, anyway, was the interpretation by traditional models of how fiscal stimulus works. Defenders of the Biden approach emphasized, among other things, risk management — doing everything possible to get money into Americans' hands, aggressively roll out vaccination, and get the economy back to its prepandemic path as quickly as possible.
These views were shaped in large part by the experience of the last expansion. Fiscal austerity was a major reason for a painfully long slog out of the global financial crisis. After years, or arguably decades, in which the central crisis was an under-heated economy, the experience of 2021 is a reminder that overheating can cause its own discontents.
What to Know About Inflation in the U.S.
Inflation, Explained: What is inflation, why is it up and whom does it hurt? We answered some common questions.The Fed's Pivot: Jerome Powell's abrupt change of course moved the central bank into inflation-fighting mode.Fastest Inflation in Decades: The Consumer Price Index rose 6.8 percent in November from a year earlier, its sharpest increase since 1982.Why Washington Is Worried: Policymakers are acknowledging that price increases have been proving more persistent than expected.The Psychology of Inflation: Americans are flush with cash and jobs, but they also think the economy is awful.
With demand for goods exceeding supply, especially for physical items, it is clear that the surging prices and other related problems (shortages and shadow inflation) are now America's central economic problems. Economists will debate how much they are attributable to excess stimulus for years to come. But regardless of where one comes down on that question, the events of the last few quarters are a reminder that just because the risks of overheating were dormant for a long time doesn't mean they've gone away.
When supply chains get messed up, it is hard to un-mess them
The disruptions to supplies of all sorts of goods have their roots in the earliest weeks of the pandemic, when manufacturers the world over pulled back on production amid collapsing demand and a public health crisis.
But things didn't play out as in past recessions. Demand for physical goods surged in late 2020 and into 2021 — not like a typical recession in which demand for cars and other big-ticket items is depressed.
That happened because consumers shifted their spending toward physical goods and away from services, and government support kept incomes stable, preventing a collapse in overall demand.
The result: an economywide occurrence of the "bullwhip effect," a phenomenon from the field of operations management in which small shifts in demand ripple through supply chains to cause wild swings.
The complexity of modern global supply chains and the fact that this bullwhip effect has played out across countless industries has made it a fiendishly difficult problem to solve. The issue is not just a shortage of semiconductors, or shipping containers, or any other single item. It is shortages of all these things crashing together in ways that make the feeling of scarcity and shortages more intense.
More power for workers doesn't necessarily make workers happy
The tension between soaring demand and pandemic-limited supply showed up in the labor market in 2021 as well. The result was that workers were in command to a degree not seen in at least two decades.
This showed up across multiple dimensions. Wages have been rising rapidly. Companies have been forced to be more creative, flexible and aggressive in attracting a work force. The rate of people quitting their jobs soared. After two decades in which employers were mostly able to have their pick of workers, the tables had turned.
And people hated it.
That's an exaggeration, of course. The Great Resignation is real, and plenty of people have taken advantage of this moment to secure a better, more rewarding employment arrangement. But in the aggregate, people view the state of the economy as horrendous.
In a Gallup poll in early December, 67 percent of adults said the economy was getting worse. Overall economic confidence matched its lowest levels from the early days of the pandemic and was lower than it was in the very weak economy of 2010 and 2011.
Some of this is surely tied to the fact that prices are rising more quickly than average wages, which means an average worker's purchasing power is declining. Wage gains have been highest, in percentage terms, in lower-paying industries. In effect, hourly workers have been securing raises, while middle-managers and white collar workers are, on average, losing significant ground.
Inflation F.A.Q.
What is inflation? Inflation is a loss of purchasing power over time, meaning your dollar will not go as far tomorrow as it did today. It is typically expressed as the annual change in prices for everyday goods and services such as food, furniture, apparel, transportation costs and toys.
What causes inflation? It can be the result of rising consumer demand. But inflation can also rise and fall based on developments that have little to do with economic conditions, such as limited oil production and supply chain problems.
Where is inflation headed? Officials say they do not yet see evidence that rapid inflation is turning into a permanent feature of the economic landscape, even as prices rise very quickly. There are plenty of reasons to believe the price burst will fade, but some concerning signs suggest it could last.
Is inflation bad? It depends on the circumstances. Fast price increases spell trouble, but moderate price gains could also lead to higher wages and job growth.
How does inflation affect the poor? Inflation can be especially hard to shoulder for poor households because they spend a bigger chunk of their budgets on necessities — food, housing and especially gas.
Can inflation affect the stock market? Rapid inflation typically spells trouble for stocks. Financial assets in general have historically fared badly during inflation booms, while tangible assets like houses have held their value better.
Moreover, while labor shortages are empowering for many workers, they also cause their share of hassles. For every worker who quits for a higher-paying job, there are workers asked to cover the shift and a middle manager struggling to find a replacement.
People like having more agency, sure, but labor shortages have also made their lives worse in their roles as managers and consumers — and it shows in the public opinion data about the economy.
People really, really, really don't like inflation
For Americans under 50 or so, inflation is something you read about in history books, or in articles about other countries. At least it was this time a year ago.
That changed abruptly in 2021, for reasons involving the economic dynamics discussed above. Even if the rate of inflation comes down in 2022 — if prices rise more slowly — it is readily apparent that inflation is weighing heavily on Americans.
It's easy to say the discontent is overblown: In theory, at least, inflation creates both winners and losers. But whether an individual is better or worse off can depend on whether that person has secured one of those big wage increases that the tight labor market has allowed.
It also depends on the mix of things people buy — for example, whether they needed to purchase a car this year or not (a more expensive proposition). It matters whether they owe money at a fixed interest rate, and therefore get the luxury of repaying their debts with dollars that buy less.
But 2021 has made it clearer why inflation is less of a micro story about how higher prices affect individuals, and more one of generalized discontent.
For one thing, this inflation surge has manifested itself in ways beyond those easily measured — in poorer customer service because of labor shortages; less selection on store shelves; and more hassle planning Christmas gifts far ahead of time.
For another, during a pandemic and a time of profound polarization, high inflation adds to the sense that the world is a chaotic mess and will only get worse.
And finally, it is natural human psychology to view the negatives of inflation (higher prices for consumer goods) and its positives (higher wages) differently. That pay raise was money I earned fair and square; that higher grocery bill is an affront done to me by powerful forces beyond my control.
All that speaks to the central challenge for economic policymakers in 2022. For all the progress the economy made in 2021, it felt like a period of scarcity and want, whatever the growth numbers say. Achieving better vibes in 2022 depends on making it a year of abundance.
As Broadway Struggles, Governor Hochul Proposes Expanded Tax Credit
'It's All Just Wild': Tech Start-Ups Reach a New Peak of Froth


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Opening Day at Santa Anita features 4 Group Races
Opening Day at Santa Anita on Monday, Dec. 26! G1 Malibu, G1 La Brea, G2 Mathis Brothers Mile, G3 San Simeon; $1 million Guaranteed all-stakes Pick 4. Previews of the graded stakes follow:
From Santa Anita:
GRADE I MALIBU & GRADE I LA BREA HEADLINE FOUR GRADED STAKES ON NINE-RACE PROGRAM
ARCADIA, Calif. (Dec. 21, 2016)–A close third in the Grade I Breeders' Cup Sprint Nov. 5, trainer Robert Falcone, Jr.'s Mind Your Biscuits heads a field of 10 sophomores going seven furlongs in Santa Anita's Grade I, $300,000 Malibu Stakes on opening day, Monday. Beaten 1 ¼ lengths by Bob Baffert's likely Eclipse Champion Sprinter Drefong, Mind Your Biscuits will have to contend with three Baffert runners in the Malibu–Santa Anita Derby runner-up Mor Spirit, up and comer Ten Blessings and Jazzy Times, who hopes to rebound off a disappointing third in a second condition allowance Dec. 4 at Del Mar.
MIND YOUR BISCUITS: Freshened since the Breeders' Cup with a return to his Belmont Park base, this New York-bred colt by Posse appears "loaded" for his return to action as he worked a bullet half mile here on Sunday in 47.20, which was the best of 62 drills at the distance. Accordingly, he retains the services of top eastern-based jockey Joel Rosario. Owned by J Stables, Head of Plains Partners LLC, Summers and partners, "Biscuits" hopes to cap a year in which he's compiled a 3-2-2 mark from eight starts. Unhurried early, he closed with a rush in the Breeders' Cup and will hope to employ similar tactics on opening day.
MOR SPIRIT: Idle since well beaten in the Kentucky Derby, this Pennsylvania-bred ridgling by Eskendereya was second to eventual Preakness Stakes winner Exaggerator in the Grade I Santa Anita Derby on April 9. Prior to that, he was second in the Grade II San Felipe Stakes March 12 and was victorious in both the Grade III Robert B. Lewis Stakes on Feb. 6 and in the Grade I Los Alamitos Cash Call Futurity on Dec. 19, 2015. Owned by Michael Lund Peterson, Mor Spirit has trained forwardly for his return, with his most recent move a shared bullet half mile this morning in 46.20, best of 40 at the distance. (He worked "head-up" in company with stablemate Jazzy Times). A sharp second in his debut going 6 ½ furlongs in September, 2015, Mor Spirit will try sprinting for only the second time in his nine-race career. Ridden in seven of his eight career starts by the recently sidelined Gary Stevens, he'll be ridden for the first time on Monday by Mike Smith.
TEN BLESSINGS: An impressive 4 ¾ length allowance winner going seven furlongs here on Nov. 4, this Kentucky-bred colt by Smart Strike earned a Malibu best last-out Beyer Speed figure of 106. Owned and bred by longtime Baffert clients Hal and Patti Earnhardt, Ten Blessings has an abundance of early speed and appears primed for a top effort as he tries stakes competition for the first time. Out of the Indian Charlie mare Indian Blessing, Ten Blessings will be ridden back by Rafael Bejarano, who also guided him to a first-out maiden special weight win going six furlongs four starts back on Feb. 6 here at Santa Anita.
THE GRADE I MALIBU STAKES IN POST POSITION ORDER WITH JOCKEYS AND WEIGHTS
Race 8 of 9 – Approximate post time 3:30 p.m. PDT
1. Navy Hymn–Luis Contreras–119
2. Mind Your Biscuits–Joel Rosario–121
3. Semper Fortis–Mario Gutierrez–119
4. Ten Blessings–Rafael Bejarano–119
5. Jazzy Times–Martin Garcia–119
6. Who's Out–Flavien Prat–119
7. Sharp Azteca–Edgard Zayas–121
8. Mor Spirit–Mike Smith–121
9. Awesome Banner–Julien Leparoux–121
10. Horse Greedy–Jamie Theriot–119
First post time on opening day, Monday, Dec. 26, is at 12 noon. Admission gates open at 10 a.m. For opening day promotions and reservations, scratches, late changes and complete morning line information, please visit santaanita.com.
LIGHTSTREAM HEADS FIELD OF EIGHT PROVEN 3-YEAR-OLD FILLES IN OPENING DAY, GRADE I, $300,000 LA BREA STAKES
ARCADIA, Calif. (Dec. 21, 2016) – Highly regarded Lightstream will step out for the first time in her six race career with new California connections backing her. Prominent So Cal owners, Little Red Feather Racing, have recently bought a share in the Florida-based filly by Harlan's Holiday, who could very likely go off as the favorite over hometown hero, Enola Gray, in the 45th running of the Grade I, $300,000 La Brea Stakes for 3-year-old fillies on Dec. 26.
A winner of the Grade II Raven Run Stakes at Keeneland on Oct. 22, Lightstream has never run out of the money, even in her last three graded stakes attempts. Trained by Brian Lynch, Lightstream was a second place finisher in the Grade I Test at Saratoga on Aug. 6 and ran third in the Grade I Mother Goose at Belmont on July 2. Julien Leparoux, aboard for her first two races, and also her most recent victory, will travel west and once again have the mount.
Lightstream is owned by Up Hill Stable, Head of Plains Partners, LLC and Little Red Feather Racing. In six career races she has amassed earnings of $457,000.
Enola Gray will have a new rider Monday at Santa Anita Park. The 3-year-old filly will gain Hall of Fame jockey Mike Smith for the first time in six career outings.
Bred in California by owner Nick Alexander, Enola Gray has been on everyone's list since an impressive 16 ¼ lengths win in her first ever outing, a six and-a-half furlong maiden special weight at Santa Anita on April 10. Since then, the Phil D'Amato trained filly by Grazen hasn't run worse than second. A winner of three ungraded stakes earlier in the year – the Melair on May 28, the Fleet Treat on July 22 and the California Distaff Handicap down the hillside turf course on Oct 15, "Gray" will take a shot at her first-ever added money attempt in the La Brea.
The field, including jockeys and weights for the Grade I La Brea.
Race 7 – Approximate post time: 3 p.m.
1. Lunar Empress, Norberto Arroyo, Jr., 119
2. Lightstream, Julien Leparoux, 121
3. Finley'sluckycharm, Brain Hernandez, Jr., 119
4. Constellation, David Flores, 119
5. Coniah, Tyler Baze, 119
6. Chao Chom, Kent Desormeaux, 119
7. Enola Gray, Mike Smith, 119
8. Perfect Pic, Santiago Gonzalez, 119
BLACKJACKCAT, BLACKOUT, CONQUEST ENFORCER, FRANK CONVERSATION, ISOTHERM & MOONLIGHT DRIVE ALL CLASH IN WIDE OPEN GRADE II, $200,000 MATHIS BROTHERS MILE (TURF) ON OPENING DAY, MONDAY, AT SANTA ANITA
CARDED AS THE LAST RACE ON OPENING DAY, MATHIS BROTHERS MILE ATTRACTS 11 SOPHOMORES
ARCADIA, Calif. (Dec. 21, 2016)–The best may indeed be last on opening day, Monday, at Santa Anita. Carded as the ninth and final race, the Grade II, $200,000 Mathis Brothers Mile (turf) has attracted a wide open field of 11 three year olds and could be the best betting race of the day as The Great Race Place opens for its 80th Winter Meet.
BLACKJACKCAT: A 3-year-old Kentucky-bred gelding by Tale of the Cat, this Al and Sandee Kirkwood homebred is trained by Mark Glatt and retains the services of "Big Money" Mike Smith. Third in the Grade II Twilight Derby here two starts back on Nov. 4, Blackjackcat set the pace and tired to finish sixth in the Grade I Hollywood Derby on Dec. 3 at Del Mar and will be cutting back in distance from four consecutive tries at a mile and one eighth.
BLACKOUT: Trained by Florida-based Mark Casse, this French-bred colt ran evenly when finishing eighth, beaten three lengths, in the Grade III, 1 1/16 miles turf Commonwealth on Nov. 12 at Churchill Downs. Based at Palm Meadows in south Florida, he'll be making his fourth stateside start for owners Gary Barber, Justin Casse and River Card Stable. He has two wins from three career tries at a mile on turf.
CONQUEST ENFORCER: Formerly trained by Casse, he was sold privately following a neck defeat in the Grade II, six furlong turf Nearctic Stakes at Woodbine on Oct. 16 and will make his first start for Loooch Racing Stables Inc., Imaginary Stables or Ritchie, and trainer Phil D'Amato. An Ontario-Canadian-bred colt by Into Mischief, he's been favored in six out of his seven starts. With a win from two tries at a mile on turf, Conquest Enforcer has plenty of speed and has four wins and two thirds to his credit.
FRANK CONVERSATION: Third, beaten two lengths at odds of 19-1 in the Grade I, 1 1/8 miles turf Hollywood Derby on Dec. 3, he was a half length winner of the Grade II Twilight Derby under the same conditions here on Nov. 4 at 36-1. Owned by Reddam Racing, LLC and trained by Doug O'Neill, the Kentucky-bred colt by Quality Road will cut back in distance a furlong and hope to relax as he's done in his last two starts. Mario Gutierrez once again has the riding assignment.
ISOTHERM: Well beaten in the Grade I Hollywood Derby at Del Mar, he's winless in his last seven starts but has been keeping good company and gets the services for the first time of Kent Desormeaux. Trained by New York-based George Weaver and owned by Matthew Schera, Isotherm will likely be taken off the pace in his first-ever try over the Santa Anita turf.
MOONLIGHT DRIVE: Third, beaten one length three starts back in the Grade III La Jolla Handicap at 1 1/16 miles on turf, Italian-bred Moonlight Drive was subsequently seventh in the Grade II Del Mar Derby Sept. 4. Following that, he was freshened by Bob Baffert and responded with a game neck victory going 6 ½ furlongs down Santa Anita's hillside turf on Oct. 22. With a 4-1-2-1 mark at one mile on turf, Moonlight Drive, who is owned by CHRB Chairman Chuck Winner, David Bienstock and Ro and Ward Williford, could be on the early lead or thereabouts under regular pilot Rafael Bejarano.
THE GRADE II MATHIS BROTHERS MILE IN POST POSITION ORDER WITH JOCKEYS AND WEIGHTS
Race 9 of 9 – Approximate post time 4 p.m. PST
1. Mittersill–Joel Rosario–119
2. Blackjackcat–Mike Smith–119
3. Moonlight Drive–Rafael Bejarano–119
4. Conquest Enforcer–Flavien Prat–121
5. Fabozzi–Luis Contreras–119
6. Isotherm–Kent Desormeaux–119
7. Path of David–Joe Talamo–121
8. Frank Conversation–Mario Gutierrez–124
9. Blackout–Julien Leparoux–119
10. Defiantly–Brice Blanc–121
11. Tusk–Drayden Van Dyke–119
HOLY LUTE AND ACCEPTANCE HEAD A FULL FIELD OF 14 IN THE GRADE III, $100,000 SAN SIMEON STAKES OPENING DAY AT SANTA ANITA
ARCADIA, Calif. (Dec. 21, 2016) – Though not a victor in the Breeders' Cup Turf Sprint at Santa Anita on Nov. 5, Holy Lute is still a force to be reckoned with down the six and-a-half furlong Camino Real hillside turf course and will head a competitive field of 14 in Monday's $100,000, Grade III, San Simeon Stakes for 3-year-olds and up.
Trained by Jim Cassidy and owned by Class Racing Stable, Holy Lute ran his best-ever Beyer Speed figure, a 102, in the Grade III Eddie D. down the hillside Sept. 30, thus giving his connections every confidence to run in the Breeders' Cup. Though he finished sixth, it was by a beaten margin of only 3 ½ lengths in a field of 14 world class runners. An intact horse at the age of 6, Holy Lute is by Midnight Lute out of the Holy Bull mare, Holy Christmas. With 10 races down the hillside turf since the beginning of 2015, Holy Lute has a record of 10-2-4-0 for the course.
Though third in his last outing at Del Mar in the seven furlong (dirt) Carey Grant Stakes on Nov. 20, trainer Kenny Black said Acceptance stumbled badly that day and looks to be running in very similar company on Monday as he did in the California Flag Handicap, a race in which he won by head on Oct. 22 down the hill.
Owned by Finish Line Racing and the Ellwood Johnston Trust, the 4-year-old bay colt by Vronsky has a record of 12-4-1-1 and overall earnings of $378,803.
The full field, including jockeys and weights, for the Grade III San Simeon
Race 6 – Approximate post time of 2:30 p.m.PDT
1. Jimmy Bouncer, Mario Gutierrez, 123
2. Hobbits Hero, Rafael Bejarano, 121
3. Stormy Liberal, Norberto Arroyo, Jr., 121
4. Drummer, Tyler Baze, 121
5. Ohio, Drayden Van Dyke, 121
6. Acceptance, Stewart Elliott, 123
7. Cape Wolfe, Santiago Gonzalez, 121
8. Richard's Boy, Victor Espinoza, 121
9. He Will, Flavien Prat, 121
10. Tough Sunday, Chantal Sutherland, 121
11. Bettys Bambino, Joel Rosario, 121
12. Holy Lute, Jamie Theriot, 125
13. Horse Laugh, Luis Contreras, 121
14. Iron Rob, Corey Nakatani, 121


Economic Commentary: FDI and democracy in Ethiopia: Can FDI push for a well- administered government?
Addis Abeba, July 06/2018 – 'The cure for an ailing democracy is more democracy' claimed Fareed Zakaria. In, Ethiopia not only our democracy is ailing but also many doubt the existence of the 'fledgling democracy' often jabbered about by the government until very recently. On the other hand, the country is trying to attract FDI with all attendant hosts of obligations included in the international investment treaties; among others, the obligation to stabilize the country. Among these core obligations of the state assumed under Treaties are: the obligation to extend full protection and security (FPS) to foreign investors (and their investment) and extend fair and equitable treatment (FET). The scope of these obligations, along with many other obligations, are far reaching and not to be taken lightly. Besides, understating their scope is not an easy venture.
These obligations are understood internationally as creating strict liability without the need to proof fault on the part of the host state assuming such obligations. It is in the order of international investment law that the host states must forge a stability that emanate from well-administered government. Instabilities of all sorts (political, legal and economic) and ensuing riots have caused massive damage to FDI around the world owing to the requirement to be diligent. Often, host state governments are taking upon themselves liabilities and paying compensation, but the question is why? How is such a state liable? What is the nature of such obligations?
In Ethiopia, a very astonishing news was printed on biweekly Amharic reporter newspaper  this year stating that Ethiopia paid over half a billion birr to compensate companies whose investment has been partly or wholly damaged in riots that took place in the last three years. It was also confirmed that over 300 companies have been affected in the riots and only 200 of them are compensated yet. Furthermore, the bulk of the investment damaged are in areas of agriculture and coffee washing; suggesting that FDI in the stated nature are in conflict with people's perception or reality.
Furthermore, there are recent crisis with regard to FDI in Ethiopia. MEDROC business agglomerate has been also in the list of this crisis, one of its company, MEDROC legedenbi goldmine ceased operation after serious health crisis to the community nearby and subsequent protests against the company, which led concerned government organs to suspended operation license of the company.
Again, in Bishoftu city, a Chinese company owned donkey butchery has raised popular anger and uprising, forcing the city administration to close the company. Again, among the very recent crisis is also the killing of the manager of Dangote Cement Factory, the largest cement factory in the country. These two later incidents might be a good cause of action for 'indirect expropriation' which might entail lots of liability on the prat of the state.
On the peoples' top agenda is also the flower factories allegedly polluting ground water and using polluting substances to grow flowers. Some campaign on social media indicate that the next target ought to be these and tannery factories which are seriously polluting rivers (and emit very bad stenches) that are being used in down streams by both people and livestock.
Now the question is Ethiopia is engaged in many bilateral investment treaties that generously give protections of one sort or the other to these companies; sometimes that goes even against the domestic law standards. Thus, what are the caveats of its liability? It seems that the government has acknowledged its liability and behind the closed door it is negotiating with some investors, probably paying colossal amount of compensation. This fact is negating the very idea of attracting FDI; to profit from it, not to be liable to it.
These protections that Ethiopia is extending to investors have a far reaching consequences that it is quite essential to digest their importance. Once we understood the reaches of these protection it is also quite important that the state lives up to its obligation and that it must also assume the obligations it can reasonably fulfill.
What are the Nature of Investment Protections?
The world is veering its eyes on the importance and significance of International Investment, and that it is ever increasing both in size and importance. Many nations failed to reach on agreements regarding international convention dealing with substantive rights matters of investment regulation, instead they just agreed on procedural matters via International Convention on Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)  and left the substantive parts to be dealt by nation states, mainly on bilateral basis or regional blocks.
Ethiopia has already signed over 33 bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Hence, the question is what does the reading of all these treaties tell us? It is not a good news at all. Often, these treaties are poorly negotiated and impose all sorts of obligations. Ethiopia lacks model BITs that prudent nations take as general framework with which to negotiate. Plus, impulse (not knowledge) driven agreements could cost the country hugely. The political force is quite deciding than the expert line in negotiating these treaties, which impose all sorts of legal obligations. The effect is being seen following the recent protests throughout the country.
Furthermore, there are hosts of obligations the consequences of which could be far reaching if dispute escalate to world forums and is being escalating in few matters. One of the protection investors negotiate on is the right to take disputes to international arbitration forums, which often take matters very seriously and if the state is found to be liable compensation is on world standard scale i.e. market value of the investment damaged or tampered with.
Thus, if one digests the nature of such obligations (host state's obligations) in BITs Ethiopia has with investors, the scope and nature of such obligations could be quite intimidating. The most common obligation is the commitment of Ethiopia to extend full protection and security (FPS) to investors and their investment. In addition to this, a related and more elusive obligation is the obligation to treat investors and their investment in a fair and equitable manner (FET obligation).
The question is now how are protection and security and fair and equitable treatment understood at global scenarios? What does it mean to extend full protection and security to an investment? What amounts to investment to begin with? Is that about having effective police and securities or is that more than physical protection? These and related questions could be raised towards understanding the nature of such obligations.
In one case, in AAPL vs SriLanka, owing to a war between state security forces and Tamil insurgents, the investment (shrimp farm) was destroyed. Besides, 20 Employees were killed. However, no proof was found as to who caused the damage. Yet, the arbitration tribunal award stated SriLanka violated its promises of full protection and security for not taking all necessary measures to stop the killing and destruction of the investment.
Tribunal Held: 'The reasonable measures of prevention which a well-administered government could be expected to exercise under similar circumstances' Srilanka's government was made liable for damage caused to investment. The government's fault was not established; but the arbitration tribunal ruled 'this would not have happened in well administered government'. Thus, it is was the obligation of the state to avoid insurgency implying that a well administered government cannot have insurgency nor could have created one.
Again, in related case, Biwater v. Tanzania (2008): "…when the terms "protection" and "security" are qualified by "full," the content of the standard may extend to matters other than physical security. It implies a State's guarantee of stability in a secure environment, both physical, commercial and legal." Thus, forging stable economic and legal environment was set to be the obligation of the state. Along with this, fair treatment is usually attached with 'denial of justice and avoidance of arbitrariness and absence of discrimination'. In a country like Ethiopia, heavy handedness of the government could entail liability of one sort or the other. For example, arbitrary power cut and internet interruption could be a good ground for international case against Ethiopia.
Thus, understanding at global level could easily be read to Ethiopia's obligation under BITs. There is no flinching that Ethiopia is not to escape from the strict reaches of this obligation unless it quickly cleans its home and that it renegotiate some of these strict deals.
It is the core obligation for the state under International Investment Agreement (IIA) to stabilize the commercial and legal environment towards making the nation conducive for investment and substance of investment ventures. If a nation decides to attract FDI and retain it thereby benefit from it it is quite essential that it has to forge stability.
There are two ways to achieve this. I call them China's model and Western model. The China model is to hold on to political restrictiveness and open up the economic front and reform the laws strictly to guide the smooth function of the economy. The economy is not only liberalized and made convenient for FDI but that properties and contracts are strictly secured via a well-functioning legal system. The western model, on the other hand, more on political stability and free market forged under the ethos of liberal democracy.
Now, where is Ethiopia in these two models? It is more on the Chinese model yet fails on many counts. Ethiopia's legal system is chaotic, laws change like seasons and that the parliament is least equipped to make a well deliberated law that last across events. Again, the economy front and the growth rhetoric is more of government data being massaged driven by political ends.
However, since Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed came to power, the government has started to turn things around. The Prime Minister is taking drastic measures and trying to improve the investment climate. But at the same time, the nature of the state's obligation must be analyzed and reforms must follow that track to avoid liabilities. Bad deals need to be renegotiated; to do that the law need to be re-evaluated both on the domestic and international levels.
First in order of things is to open up the political space as it is being done and forge sustainable political dialogue forum towards enabling a functioning democracy which brings overall stability. Stable and predictable legal and economic system is the key for attracting FDI. Yet to forge stable economic and legal system, a political stability is a sine qua non in Ethiopia's case.
Second, if stability is to work and pay dividend, genuine legal reform is a must and to quickly collect competent civil servants (not interest groups) to guide the justice and investment sectors. Along with this, the Ethiopian investment commission, which seems to have a competent leadership as of ate needs additional far sighted and capable civil servants garnered from all professions. The trade law reform, which started last week, must also focus on scraping undesirable reservation clause, avoiding minimum capital requirements, lowering corporate taxes, and most of all regulating (or privatizing) government monopolies and political party affiliate business agglomerates to avoid unfair competition and market distortion issues.
Third is paying attention to inclusive governance. The issue of land policy is quite critical. Land need to be amendable to the force of the market, at least in prime (high value) land areas, and that community land tenure need to be secured. Investment must be made with and in consultation with a given community, especially regarding land ownership matters.
 Published on 28 march 2018, Amharic biweekly reporter newspaper.
 Protests after protest was raging for the last three years until April, 2018 nomination of a new Prime Minster, Dr. Abiy Ahmed; who is fast reforming the nation and the politics.
 According to mining.com, Locals accuse the mine of polluting their source water and the air, causing humans and animals respiratory illnesses, miscarriages, birth defects and disabilities. MIDROC Gold Mine Pvt Ltd. Co. (MGOLD), a member of the MIDROC Ethiopia Technology Group, is engaged in Mining and Exploration activities in Ethiopia. MIDROC Gold Mine PLC owns and operates the Legadembi Gold Mine, which is located 500km south of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. MIDROC Gold is actively involved in exploration projects, which are located near the mine (Adola-Legadembi Exploration License – ALEL), and in another area some 600km northwest of Addis Abeba (Metekel Exploration License – MEL). The Legadembi Gold Mine is an open pit operation with annual production of 1.6 million tonnes of ore. Yearly average production is about 4500kg of gold-silver doré (fine gold production is in the order of 3,500kg).
 The ICSID (International Convention on Settlement of Investment Disputes) Convention is a treaty ratified by 153 Contracting States. It entered into force on October 14, 1966, 30 days after ratification by the first 20 States. Article 6 of the ICSID Convention requires the Administrative Council of ICSID to adopt rules of procedure for arbitration and conciliation and for the administrative and financial regulation of the Center.


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KPMG Aberdeen moves to new base…as staff work at home
Big Four firm switches from Albyn Place to Marischal Square under lockdown
KPMG senior partner Martin Findlay at Marischal Square
KPMG in Aberdeen has completed the first stage of its relocation to Marischal Square - even if most of the team can't enter it yet.
The global professional services firm was able to clear out its old office in Albyn Place before getting the keys to the new base as most staff worked from home due to Covid-19.
KPMG to move 140-strong team into new city office development
Eventually the new premises will be home to around 130 auditors, advisors, consultants and support staff.
Preparation works will be completed this summer and the team will gradually move in over the next few months.
The new office has been designed to bringing KPMG's teams together for the first time in one open-plan, collaborative space.
Martin Findlay, KPMG's senior partner in Aberdeen, said: "We've called Albyn Place home for 25 years and have some great memories here, but we're incredibly excited about our next move.
"KPMG has been part of the fabric of Aberdeen since the nineteenth century, so we felt it was only fitting to make our next base a development which truly reflects the city's optimistic future. Uniquely, for a KPMG office move, we have cleared out of the old office before our new one is ready.
"Clearly, following the Covid-19 pandemic, our key priority is our colleagues' health and wellbeing. We have worked closely with our people to develop our return to office plans and 80% of colleagues told us that, as things stand, they are comfortable to work from home for a sustained period of time.
"Over the coming months we will ensure that no one has to travel or return to the new Aberdeen office before they feel ready to do so, and we know that our teams are productive and working well remotely. However, to support colleagues returning to KPMG offices and client sites we will be providing return to work packs and equipment alongside detailed guidance and support.
"We will continue to follow government guidance and adapt our approach as required, but we anticipate that the majority of our people will work from home for most of 2020. The success of homeworking means that many may opt to include it in the mix even after the Covid-19 restrictions are lifted ."
Marischal Square's two Grade A office buildings are managed by Muse developments, part of the Morgan Sindall group. Existing tenants include EY, RBS, Aberdeen Journals and energy firm Tenaris.
Plans submitted for vision of new Aberdeen Market and civic space
Stephen Turner, regional director at Muse Developments, said: "We are proud that KPMG has chosen 1 Marischal Square for the next phase of its progression here in Aberdeen. Its presence proves that if the right property is available, world-class organisations will commit to a city centre location and the firm will further enhance the business credentials of the area.
"KPMG is a very welcome addition to our existing portfolio of clients and will further enhance Marischal Square's burgeoning reputation as Aberdeen's premier city centre office development."
Scotland's 2021 house price winners revealed
PropertyThe average Scottish house price rose by more than £16,000 this year


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Computer network technologies and services/MPLS
< Computer network technologies and services
WAN Computer network technologies and services
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is the enabling technology for the new broadband (IP) public network. It can be considered as a protocol architecture (or a suite of protocols) to control different sub-protocols.
MPLS operates at a layer that is generally considered to lie between traditional definitions of layer 2 (data-link layer) and layer 3 (network layer).
2 Network architecture
3 Data plane
3.1 MPLS header
3.2 Label switching
3.2.1 Hierarchy and scalability
4 Control plane
5.1 Label distribution protocols
5.2 Routing protocols
Benefits[edit | edit source]
MPLS introduction simplifies the traditional 'big onion'.
IP protocol was developed for research purpose and was not designed to be sold as a service. It is a so-called 'best-effort protocol', which means that there is no explicit purpose in giving a guaranteed reliable service (speed, delays...).
When IP was starting to become a commercial good, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) started developing protocols (such as ATM, frame relay, etc.) targeting service reliability and stability, thinking they would have been permeating the computer telecommunication world. Nevertheless end users have kept using IP, and as a result service providers nowadays have to deal with a lot of protocols in order to carry IP to end users: this 'big onion' makes very few sense for service providers due to high maintenance, equipment and software development costs to guarantee interoperability.
Cisco Systems was the first vendor to implement tag switching into their routers, then IETF adopted the protocol and named it as MPLS.
MPLS combines the best features from the connection-less protocols with the best ones from the connection-oriented protocols, representing the solution for the 'big onion' problem for two reasons:
MPLS provides an IP-based network with a greater service reliability and a single unified control plane more isolated from the data plane:
in IP control and data planes are continuously updated on every change in the network;
in MPLS updating occurs just when a new LSP is set up; since there is a separation between data plane and control plane it is possible to set up paths with independent constraints;
MPLS allows to re-use the traditional ATM devices by simply updating their software.
possibility of \ul{traffic engineering}: distributing traffic load over the network to avoid congestions;
protocol independence (multi-protocol) → useful for transition from IPv4 to IPv6;
designed to grant quality of service (not yet supported);
unified control plane: it can be used for any network besides IP (e.g. MPλS for optical networks);
fast fault recovery: two paths between a pair of nodes can be created, so that in case of failure in the first path the LSR can just notify the failure and quickly deviate the traffic to the second path[1] (instead in IP it is difficult to insert two paths into a routing table, and if a link fails routers need to exchange routing information and perform sophisticated algorithms to find another path).
Network architecture[edit | edit source]
Example of MPLS network.
A Label Switch Router (LSR) is the device responsible for switching the labels used to route packets. LSRs are called label edge routers when placed at the edges of the MPLS cloud. LSRs combine smartness of routers and speed of switches: they are able to route in a clever way like routers, avoiding complicated data structures and algorithms like switches.
MPLS clouds can be gradually deployed: they can grow up and can be integrated to each other.
Data plane[edit | edit source]
Data plane is the capability of switching packets based on their labels.
MPLS header[edit | edit source]
Format of a packet containing a single label stack entry.
IP packets are prefixed with an MPLS header containing one or more label stack entries. Each label stack entry contains four fields:
label: routing is based on this field instead of the IP destination address;
traffic class (exp): for quality of service (QoS) priority and Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN);
bottom of stack flag (S): if set, the current label is the last one in the stack;
Time to Live (TTL).
Label switching[edit | edit source]
Example of MPLS label switching.
A Label Switched Path (LSP) is a path set up by a signaling protocol that links a source label edge router (ingress) to a drain one (egress):
when the ingress LSR receives a packet, it adds a label to it and forwards it to the next hop of the LSP previously created;
when the egress LSR receives a packet, it strips off its label and forwards it out of the MPLS cloud.
A Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) is a set of packets which may be forwarded in the same way; that is, they may be bound to the same MPLS labels. Labels are not unique over the whole MPLS cloud, but they are changed on each hop (label swapping). Consider that granting the uniqueness of the labels all over the network would require too complex protocols and too long labels.
Using labels enables MPLS to provide two kinds of services:
fast lookup: IP routing, based on the `longest prefix matching' algorithm, is sophisticated, difficult to be optimized and not fast enough when dealing with a wide amount of routes.
MPLS provides a faster lookup with respect to IP because packet-forwarding decisions are made solely on the label, placed before the IP packet, without the need to examine the contents of the packet itself: each label in fact can be used as key to access the routing table as an array or hash table in order to expedite the route discovery;
traffic engineering: IP tends to aggregate the traffic, but having lots of packets going through the same path doesn't provide an efficient service. This can not be avoided easily as it would require a static route configuration → expensive and not scalable.
MPLS is able to control the traffic like a connection-oriented protocol: MPLS routing involves both source and destination labels, and routers can assign to a new packet flow the label corresponding to the least-loaded path in order to avoid congestion and allow traffic distribution. Moreover a failure in a path due to a non-working node will not affect the other paths.
Hierarchy and scalability[edit | edit source]
Hierarchy of labels along an LSP.
MPLS is very scalable: inside a big MPLS cloud of domain 1 it is possible to define in a hierarchical way a smaller MPLS cloud of domain 2 and so on, and multiple label stack entries can be stored next to each other in a stack data structure. The label stack entries are added from the inner one to the outer one while the packet enters clouds of higher domain and stripped off from the outer one to the inner one while the packet exits clouds of lower domain, and LSRs not at the edges of the clouds always process the outer label stack entry. This hierarchy of labels can correspond to a hierarchy of providers, and the number of labels is limited only by the Ethernet frame size.
This technique introduces some advantages:
it reduces the size of the routing and forwarding tables, because they do not have to be comprehensive;
it allows to re-use the existing switching hardware (ATM, frame relay, etc.): MPLS headers are put directly into the 2-level headers, so that they can be processed by the existing hardware that now processes the level 2 simply by upgrading its software.
Control plane[edit | edit source]
Control plane is the capability of choosing the labels to be inserted into the packets.
The creation of a forwarding table (and in a broader sense of the LSP) for a specific FEC is performed in three steps:
label binding: it is always performed by the downstream node, which chooses a label for the FEC, and this can be performed in two ways (not mutually exclusive):
unsolicited: the downstream node can decide any time to assign labels, even if there is no traffic in the network;
on-demand: the upstream node can asks the downstream node for a fixed label;
label distribution: the downstream node communicates the chosen label to the upstream node;
label mapping: the upstream node creates a new entry in its forwarding table by binding incoming packets, coming from a specific port with a specific label, to outcoming packets, going out of a specific port with a specific label.
Labels can be assigned in two ways:
statically: network manager sets LSPs manually, like permanent virtual circuits (PVC) in connection-oriented technologies like ATM → this solution does not scale and limits the interoperability among different service providers;
dynamically: label binding, distribution and mapping are performed automatically by LSRs without manual intervention:
data-driven: the creation of an LSP is triggered by the reception of data packets, and each LSR autonomously chooses labels based on the traffic;
control-driven: at some point the LSR assigns a label, even if there is no traffic;
topology-driven (or protocol-driven): whenever a new destination is discovered, an LSP is created towards this destination → no traffic engineering: the network works exactly like an IP network;
explicit: the creation of LPSs, usually initiated by label edge routers either data-driven or by manual configuration, is performed through explicit signaling.
Protocols[edit | edit source]
Label distribution protocols[edit | edit source]
Three protocols, incompatible to each other, can be used by the downstream node in order to communicate to the upstream node the label bindings:
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP): designed specifically for label distribution;
extended Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): the downstream node includes in BGP routing messages, used to advertise new destinations, a new field that tells the upstream node the chosen labels (only for protocol-driven label binding);
extended Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP): the downstream node includes in RSVP messages, used to notify the traffic types of packet flows for quality of service, a new field that tells the upstream node the chosen labels: Computer network technologies and services/Quality of service.
Routing protocols[edit | edit source]
The traditional routing protocols can be enhanced to support traffic engineering because they carry information about routing constraints.
Thanks to routing protocols such as OSPF-TE and IS-IS-TE (based on OSPF, IS-IS, BGP-4), every node can collect information about the network topology in order to know which nodes are its upstream nodes to be notified with the label bindings.
There are two possible routing strategies:
hop-by-hop (as it is in IP routing): distributed routing protocol where each LSR decides by itself according to the shortest path criterion, so it may happen that all routers choose the same path → risk of congestion;
explicit (possibility of constraint-based routing): centralized routing protocol where the egress LSRs are advertised to understand which links are currently the most loaded ones and choose the least loaded links for creating new LSPs so that they are disjointed as much as possible from other paths.
In order to support explicit routing, the basic distribution labels should be extended:
Constraint-based Routing LDP (CR-LDP) is an extension to LDP;
RSVP for Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) is an extension to RSVP.
↑ An overhead is required to keep available two LSPs for the same FEC.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Computer_network_technologies_and_services/MPLS&oldid=2710133"
Book:Computer network technologies and services


text:
New Laws Take Aim at Bullying
By Jaclyn Zubrzycki — October 18, 2011 9 min read
Catherine Devine, 22, works on her laptop at home in Kings Park, N.Y., years after her first brush with an online bully. Her state is one of eight that does not include cyberbullying in its definition of bullying.
Kathleen Malone-Van Dyke/AP
The issue of bullying rose on state legislative agendas this year, with 21 states passing anti-bullying laws—some of which expanded schools' responsibilities to keep a check on any harassment that goes on among their students.
States set out to write clear definitions of bullying and to regulate school policies and responsibilities in reaction to the U.S. Department of Education's stepped-up focus on the behavior, renewed public concerns following a series of high-profile student suicides, and an increase in cyberbullying.
The most far-reaching of the new crop of laws is arguably New Jersey's, which requires each school to have an anti-bullying specialist and to report incidents to the state.
Laws passed this year by other states vary in their scope and prescriptiveness, reflecting debate about the respective roles of state, local, and federal governments in dealing with school issues like bullying.
But anti-bullying legislation is a relatively new priority, and legislatures are still refining their strategies.
"In 2005, there were fewer policies, and they were all over the place. In 2011, we're seeing greater consistency. ... Some requirements for schools are increasing, and there's greater specificity about what constitutes bullying," said Jennifer Dounay Zinth, a senior policy analyst for the Denver-based Education Commission of the States.
States began passing anti-bullying laws in earnest in the early 2000s, according to Josh Cunningham, a research analyst for the National Conference of State Legislatures, also in Denver. By late 2005, 17 states had passed anti-bullying legislation. By last week, only Michigan, Montana, and South Dakota had no such laws, according to the ECS.
In addition to states like North Dakota that adopted anti-bullying bills for the first time this year, many states that already had such laws in place strengthened or revised their requirements for schools this year, including California, where three bills involving bullying were signed into law last week.
On the Front Burner
Bullying has come to the forefront this decade partly as a result of the deaths of several students and the rise of the behavior online. States in which suicides have occurred, such as New Jersey, cite the high-publicity tragedies as spurs in the creation of their laws. The Obama administration has also drawn attention to the issue, holding conferences in recent years and issuing new guidance for schools on their responsibilities to look out for the civil rights of bully victims.
Kevin B. Jennings, who served in the administration as the Education Department's assistant deputy secretary for safe and drug-free schools until this year, also pushed a strong anti-bullying message.
Though the laws vary from state to state, several trends in this year's batch were clear, according to the NCSL and the ECS. They include:
• Expanding the definition of bullying to include cyberbullying, with schools in states like Connecticut and New Jersey now responsible for addressing some incidents that take place off school property.
• Spelling out who are the potential victims of bullying, such as students who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender.
• Increasing protections for victims of bullying and those who report it.
• Mandating professional development for teachers and education for students on the issue.
Notwithstanding those trends, however, no two states' laws are exactly the same, according to the ECS' Ms. Zinth.
For instance, New Jersey's Anti-Bullying Bill of Rights, besides requiring schools to have an anti-bullying specialist on staff, makes schools responsible for incidents off school grounds that are shown to affect the school environment, orders schools to complete an extensive checklist, and sets a timeline and statewide procedure for responding to bullying incidents when they occur.
Richard Bozza, the executive director of the New Jersey Association of School Administrators, said his state's law was "well-intentioned" but "overly prescriptive."
"We support establishing a school culture that provides safety and demands and teaches respect among students," he said. "What we can't say is that schools' efforts will control the behavior of everybody outside the school."
Colorado took a more local approach, expanding its definition of bullying to include cyberbullying and providing grants for schools to implement prevention programs. But it stopped short of requiring schools to report bullying data to the state.
A Federal Role
The federal Education Department sent a clear signal to schools to take a stronger stance on bullying last October with a "Dear Colleague" letter reminding schools that failure to properly address bullying cases could violate students' civil rights. The department backed up that warning this July when it wrapped up an investigation of California's Techachapi district and concluded that school officials there had violated federal discrimination and harassment laws by failing to stop or prevent Seth Walsh from being repeatedly teased and bullied by his middle school peers. The 13-year-old hanged himself in 2010, and his family said the constant bullying led to his death.
The district agreed in July to change its policies related to sexual and gender-based harassment and provide training for staff and students.
However, some advocacy groups are pushing for the federal government to address the behavior more formally. "If you look at all of the state and local laws and policies that deal with bullying, they're fairly inconsistent," said Kelly Vaillancourt, the director of government relations for the National Association of School Psychologists, in Bethesda, Md. "Students who move from state to state to state may not have the same protections."
Protected Classes
The school psychologists' association and several other groups are advocating a Safe Schools Improvement Act, which would define the behaviors that constitute bullying and enumerate the categories of students who must be protected from it.
Kenneth S. Trump, the president of the National School Safety and Security Services, in Cleveland, a school safety consulting group, said mandates specifying which student groups are protected under anti-bullying laws do not provide administrators with new resources for preventing bullying and have become overly political.
"School safety and bullying have become politicized to the point where bullying is little more than a code word by special interest groups to advance a civil rights agenda," he said.
But Shawn Gaylord, the director of public policy at the Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network's Washington office, said enumeration was critical and has been shown to reduce bullying: The organization's 2009 National School Climate Survey found that fewer students in schools with enumerated policies heard homophobic remarks frequently than in schools with nonspecific or no policies. "We know that that's how teachers, parents, and students know they're included and protected," he said.
Local school boards shouldn't be concerned about federal policies, Mr. Gaylord said. "If the federal government or state government lays down some requirements within a state or fed law," he noted, "it leaves quite a lot of room for communities to enhance their polices. … It shouldn't be seen as tying the hands of local districts or states to react to their own concerns."
Some state legislators said they took care to avoid treading on the authority of their districts. In Texas, state Rep. Diane Patrick, a Republican, who wrote her state's new anti-bullying law, said: "We have 1,000-plus school districts. One size does not fit all. Our goal was to provide a framework wherein local school districts can make the decisions that are best for their communities."
The Texas law includes anti-bullying in the state's health curriculum and requires districts to create anti-bullying policies. Texas districts are not responsible for incidents, such as cyberbullying attacks, that take place off school grounds.
M. Douglas Johnson, the executive director of the North Dakota Association of School Administrators, said his state's law also emphasizes local authority. "The way the state law is written gives the local level the ability to write its own policies," he said.
The North Dakota School Board Association crafted a model anti-bullying policy, but some in North Dakota also have gotten creative. The school district in Bismarck has set up a hotline through which students can anonymously report incidents via text message.
Covering Costs
Even in states where lawmakers support more comprehensive anti-bullying measures, however, there may be challenges in implementing them.
In New Jersey, Mr. Bozza of the administrators' association said the lack of funding for the new requirements was a concern.
Bruce Caughey, the executive director of the Colorado Association of School Executives, said funding concerns had led Colorado to avoid including new reporting measures in its anti-bullying law. "We were resisting efforts to do a lot of new data and reporting that would be too onerous to implement well as we're cutting staff," he said.
Stephanie Papas, a bullying consultant for California's education department, said states were learning from each other. Her state "tends to be somewhere in the middle," she said. "The good thing about legislation is that we can clarify any unexpected or unintended consequences through guidance or subsequent pieces of legislation."
The three bills signed this month in California set a more stringent timeline for investigation of incidents, require that districts adopt policies prohibiting bullying, clarify that cyberbullying is an issue schools should address, and expand the definition of bullying.
Several states considered the issue during this session, but ended up not passing any measures. In New York, where an anti-bullying law was adopted in 2010, a new bill was introduced to combat cyberbullying but not passed before the session ended. The suicide of a high school freshman in Williamsville last month was linked to cyberbullying and brought new attention to the state's definition of the behavior. New York is one of only eight states that does not include cyberbullying in its definition.
To the dismay of state Sen. John J. Gleason, a Democrat, Michigan lawmakers also considered but did not pass an anti-bullying bill this year, in part because of disagreement about whether it created a "protected class" for gay students.
Mr. Gleason held a sit-in early this month to bring attention to the lack of a law, ending his protest on Oct. 8 upon learning that the legislature would consider a bill on the topic in its upcoming session.
A bill in South Dakota that would have required schools to have anti-bullying policies also failed, with some lawmakers saying it would take control away from local districts.
Though the specifics are hotly debated, many lawmakers are eager to respond to parents' desire to keep their children safe in school, said Rep. Patrick of Texas.
On the day her anti-bullying bill passed, she said, "one of the families of a victim of bullying—a young man who'd committed suicide at 11—was there. It felt really good that we could do something that made them feel that their son's death had contributed to something positive."
Jaclyn Zubrzycki
Jaclyn Zubrzycki formerly wrote for Education Week.
Bullying Broadband Discipline Federal Policy State Policy School Safety
A version of this article appeared in the October 19, 2011 edition of Education Week as Lawmakers Take Aim At Bullying
School Climate & Safety N.J. Schools Brace for Anti-Bullying Rules' Impact
Alexandra Rice, September 13, 2011
Equity & Diversity Study Measures Bullying's Academic Toll
Nirvi Shah, August 23, 2011
Kevin Jennings, center, who is leaving his job as the U.S. Department of Education's assistant deputy secretary for safe and drug-free schools, joins participants at the first Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) youth summit in Washington, D.C., on June 7.
Nicole Fruge/Education Week
School Climate & Safety Exiting Official Made Anti-Bullying a Top Priority
Papering over legitimate, negative feelings with phrases like "look on the bright side" can be harmful for teachers and students.
Arianna Prothero
School Climate & Safety Opinion Teaching's 'New Normal'? There's Nothing Normal About the Constant Threat of Death
As the bizarre becomes ordinary, don't forget what's at stake for America's teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, writes Justin Minkel.
Justin Minkel
Gremlin/E+
School Climate & Safety Letter to the Editor Invisibility to Inclusivity for LGBTQ Students
I read with interest "The Essential Traits of a Positive School Climate" (Special Report: "Getting School Climate Right: A Guide for Principals," Oct. 14, 2020). The EdWeek Research Center survey of principals and teachers provides interesting insight as to why there are still school climate issues for LGBTQ students.
School Climate & Safety As Election 2020 Grinds On, Young Voters Stay Hooked
In states like Georgia, the push to empower the youth vote comes to fruition at a time when "every vote counts" is more than just a slogan.
Young people celebrate the presidential election results in Atlanta. Early data on the 2020 turnout show a spike in youth voting, with Georgia, which faces a pair of senatorial runoffs, an epicenter of that trend.
Brynn Anderson/AP


text:
Pertti Johannes Karppinen (* 17. února 1953, Vehmaa) je finský veslař, trojnásobný olympijský vítěz ve skifu.

Měří 201 cm a váží kolem sta kilogramů, byl členem klubu Nesteen Soutajat ve městě Naantali. Byl známý svým drtivým finišem — největšího rivala Petera-Michaela Kolbeho předjel v olympijském finále 1976 i 1984 vždy až těsně před cílem (v roce 1980 se jejich souboj neuskutečnil, protože západní Německo moskevskou olympiádu bojkotovalo). Po třech olympijských prvenstvích v řadě skončil sedmý v roce 1988 a desátý v roce 1992. Je dvojnásobným mistrem světa na skifu, s mladším bratrem Reimou získali stříbro na dvojskifu v roce 1981. V letech 1979 a 1980 byl zvolen finským sportovcem roku.

Externí odkazy

Reference

Finští veslaři
Finští olympijští vítězové
Olympijští vítězové ve veslování
Narození v roce 1953
Narození 17. února
Žijící lidé
Muži
Mistři světa ve veslování


text:
Ralph D. Russo
Updated: December 19, 2020, 12:47 AM
Tags: Bob Bowlsby, Sports, Jamey Chadwell
Successful season? College football played 500-plus games
Published: December 18, 2020, 5:45 PM Updated: December 19, 2020, 12:47 AM
Coastal Carolina wide receiver Jaivon Heiligh (6) and teammate Will McDonald (66) celebrate Heiligh's touchdown against Troy during the second half of an NCAA college football game, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2020, in Troy, Ala. (AP Photo/Vasha Hunt) (Vasha Hunt, Copyright 2020, The Associated Press. All rights reserved.)
Back in August, when there was still doubt about whether a college football would be played during the pandemic, Big 12 Commissioner Bob Bowlsby said he would look at the season as a success if he could hand out a championship trophy in December.
The virus is not going to allow for traditional trophy presentations, but Bowlsby and most of his 10 fellow commissioners in major conferences will reach that goal this weekend.
That won't be the case for the Sun Belt after its title game between No. 9 Coastal Carolina and No. 17 Louisiana-Lafayette was called off because of COVID-19 issues with the Chanticleers. Still, no league got in more of its regular season than the Sun Belt. Despite several postponements, only one regular-season Sun Belt Conference game out of 40 did not get played. Eight of 10 schools played a full, eight-game league schedule
"I think this is a successful season. There's no question about it," Sun Belt Commissioner Keith Gill said Friday. "We started the season knowing there would be disruption. We've kind of played through that disruption."
The Sun Belt's breakout season, its first having multiple teams ranked, will end with the Chanticleers (11-0) and Ragin' Cajuns (9-1) as co-champions. Coastal won at ULL 30-27 on Oct. 14.
Gill was asked about the possibility of the two teams meeting in one of the conference's affiliated bowl games. He said it was not something he anticipated. Louisiana-Lafayette athletic director Bryan Maggard doesn't expect it to happen.
"Do I think it would be a great matchup in college football, particularly in 2020? I do. Do I think it would create a lot of interest from a viewership standpoint? I do," Maggard said. "At the end of the day, that's going to be a decision that's out of our control."
Coastal Carolina (CFP No. 12) still has an outside chance to grab a New Year's Six bowl bid. If not, Chanticleers coach Jamey Chadwell said, it doesn't make sense to him for the Sun Belt to have its best teams facing off in the postseason.
"Part of your bowl experience is being able to put the brand of your conference out against other conferences and compare," said Chadwell, who dismissed any suggestion Coastal had backed out of the game to protect its unbeaten record.
As for the rest of college football, the final weekend of the regular season was down to 19 games after Florida State's visit to Wake Forest was canceled because the Seminoles would not have enough available offensive linemen.
If no other games are called off, 541 games will be played since Labor Day weekend.
Since Power Five conferences set revised schedules in late August, AP has counted 118 games that were either postponed or canceled directly because of COVID-19 issues with one or both of the participants. Some games were called more than once and some where eventually made up.
College football researcher and statistician Cody Kellner calculated 82 scheduled games were never played and 86.8% of the major college football season will be completed if no games are canceled Saturday.
If the Southeastern Conference gets through the weekend with no further disruptions, it will have completed 68 of 70 regular-season games and a title game, the highest success rate among the Power Five.
The Pac-12 fared worst in the Power Five, with its teams playing 32 games out of the 42 it hoped to complete when the conference started in early November and left no room to make up games.
"I think we all agreed that, three months ago, if you would have told us this is what we'll be able to get through, and there would be disruptions, but we would have meaningful opportunities for our student-athletes, and a chance to compete for a College Football Playoff and important bowl games, championship games, I think we all agreed we would have said, 'OK, it's going to be choppy, but that would be a good result,'" Pac-12 Commissioner Larry Scott said.
How much of the season has been played? According to AP research, here are the Power Five by percentage of conference season completed, assuming remaining games are played through Saturday:
SEC — 97%. Teams played 68 of 70 potential regular-season games, plus a championship game.
Big 12 — 94.5%. Teams played 52 of 55 potential regular-season games, including 43 of 45 conference games, plus a championship game. Nine of 10 Big 12 teams played one nonconference game as planned.
Atlantic Coast Conference — 93%. Teams played 85 of 90 potential regular-season games, including 70 of 75 conference games, plus a championship game. Each of the 15 ACC teams played one nonconference game as planned.
Big Ten — 79%. Teams played 50 of 63 potential games, including the championship game.
Pac-12 — 74%. Teams played 31 of 42 potential games, including the championship game. Colorado also played a nonconference game against San Diego State to replace a canceled conference game.
Group of Five by percentage of conference regular-season games completed:
Sun Belt — 97.5% (39 of 40).
American Athletic Conference — 89% (39 of 44).
Mid-American Conference — 86% (31 of 36).
Mountain West — 78% (36 of 46).
Conference USA — 67% (35 of 52).
Follow Ralph D. Russo at https://twitter.com/ralphDrussoAP and listen at https://westwoodonepodcasts.com/pods/ap-top-25-college-football-podcast/


KDE Plasma had been taking unbearably long to startup since an update one or two months ago for me. I thought it was caused by a bug of Qt but things turned out that this was not the fix to my problem.
Then I suddenly noticed that actually only the initial start after a boot would be slow, subsequent ones are way faster. So it must be a caching issue. I have mounted my /tmp in memory and moved a bunch of hot files into it and all of them will be lost after reboot. This is a common approach to make SSDs live longer and improve performance that could be found in many tutorials.
But some caches are designed to be reused after reboot. By default, they are often located in ~/.cache or /var/cache and you have to be really careful when relocating them, e.g. XDG_CACHE_HOME. Many Qt compilation caches are stored in this path and if you erase them after shutdown, it will have to re-compile them again on each boot.
I ignored the caches of Chrome and Pacaur as they are not needed after reboot and usually quite large.


"There is something that we must find," the World Guardian said, "something that we must find before others do, something that will shape the future of this world." Whispers arose throughout the longhall, but quieted down as the World Guardian continued. "I ask that V------ and his tribe accompany me on this mission." The response to this statement was much louder, for the other tribes of the Fremennik were wanting the honour and glory. The chatter soon subsided though as they knew it was ultimately the Valhalla emissary's decision who to take on his quest.
The World Guardian, for his part, knew for a fact that it must be V------ and his tribe who found the Stone of Jas, the object he was looking for in the past. V------ was the one who had appeared in the vision he had when he first touched the Stone of Jas after all. "We leave for an expedition to the north in a week's time," he announced.
The week that followed was a busy one, as the Fremennik prepared to send V------'s tribe and the Valhalla emissary on a voyage to the north. At the World Guardian's instruction the boats were packed with enough materials for a small settlement to be built; he explained this by saying that a settlement would be necessary to guard the object he was seeking.
The World Guardian spent the week getting to know V------, the leader of what would soon become the Moon Clan tribe after the Stone of Jas was discovered. The World Guardian had three objectives to accomplish with this trip to the past. First, to help V------ find the Stone of Jas and create the Moon Clan and eventually the Rune Altars. Second, to prepare V------ for his coming role as the Balance Elemental; he quipped many times during this week that "Manners maketh the man" whenever he could appropriately fit it in. The third task… well, he would think about that later, since it wasn't something he was really looking forward to.
The week of preparations soon ended and they journeyed to the north towards the Lunar Isle. Once they arrived at its shore V------'s tribe became busy building a small settlement while the World Guardian and V------ set about trying to find where the Stone of Jas was located. In truth this was a pretty straightforward task, since the World Guardian knew that the Stone of Jas should be located within the vicinity of what would become the Rune Essence mine. They found and started exploring the cave system where the Rune Essence rocks were.
"This… this is amazing." V------ couldn't help staring in awe at the rocks surrounding them. There was something about them that caught his eye, but he couldn't put his finger on it. It was as if the rocks were wanting to become something else.
"Watch." The World Guardian mined a bit of the Essence from the walls and focused his Runecrafting energies. The rock in his hand sparkled and changed into a reddish colour, and then suddenly a flame suddenly appeared above the red coloured essence. V------ gasped, the World Guardian stopped, and the essence reverted back to its original shape.
"What was that?" V------ asked in wonder.
"Magic," the World Guardian said simply, and then started to explain a bit about the theory that would soon be studied by the Moon Clan as the foundation of their magic. That would come later though, since the Stone of Jas still needed to be found.
They continued their way through the mine and eventually came upon the Stone's location. The Essence upon the walls surrounding the stone seemed to flow as if they were water, changed as they were by the presence of the Stone. The World Guardian felt empowered by the Stone's presence, while V------ could tell that the Stone held immense power. He could tell that this is what they were searching for, and could very well believe that such an object could change the future of the world.
"Go on, touch it," the World Guardian said. V------ slowly approached the Stone of Jas, and put out his hands to touch it. The moment he touched the Stone, a drastic change occurred.
Where V------'s build was short before, he suddenly grew and became the same size that the World Guardian. A power flowed through him, and with sudden clarity V------ could understand how the World Guardian had performed magic earlier. And more importantly, V------ felt a brief connection to Guthix, though he knew not how; he just knew that Guthix was now aware of him.
Within the following weeks dramatic changes were occurring. The rest of V------'s tribe was brought to the Stone of Jas where their untapped potential was awakened. The World Guardian explained the theory behind magic, and through magic the pace of building increased to a feverish pace. Most importantly, the entire Moon Clan (as they now called themselves) came together and focused their new energies on creating the Astral altar, the first Runecrafting altar in Gielinor.
The World Guardian also spent these weeks instructing V------ on what was to come for the Moon Clan. He stressed the importance of keeping Magic from the rest of the Fremennik tribes; the Stone would soon be moved, and the rest of the Fremennik would not be able to access magic like the Moon Clan could. He also pointed out where the other Runecrafting altars should be built, pointing out the locations on a map so detailed that contained lands V------ hadn't known about. They would need to create those altars so that Magic could flourish in the future.
And then several months later, the World Guardian knew that it was time for him to leave this past. He had done all that he needed to except for one task, the one he was looking forward to least of all. But it had to be done.
"Why are we going to the Stone?" V------ asked the World Guardian as the two of them headed towards the Stone by themselves.
"It is time for me to return to Valhalla," the World Guardian replied sadly. He had lied about coming from Valhalla, but in truth he needed to go there to complete his preparations for the future. This, he knew, would be the fated time that he would really die and cross through the gates of Valhalla. It had to be done.
"Return to Valhalla?" V------ asked apprehensively. He only knew of one real way for people to be sent to Valhalla, though he hoped that the emissary from Valhalla would have other ways of returning to their Afterlife.
With that he focused his energy upon the Stone, feeling the immense power of the Elder Artefact at his fingertips. A great blaze of energy surrounded the World Guardian, burning the very air. The World Guardian absorbed energy into his very being, much more than what a mortal should normally be able to absorb thanks to the last gift he had received from Guthix. But enough was enough and soon the World Guardian vanished in a blaze of glory, sending himself on his way to Valhalla with much more energy than before he had started the trip to the past.
The World Guardian finds himself in a familiar place, the dreamy landscape of Valhalla stretching before him. He had been here several times before in the future, but those times he had been told that it wasn't yet his time to die. This time, he knew, he would be crossing the gates of Valhalla to accomplish his final task before returning to the future.
V------ stared in shock at where his friend had suddenly disappeared. He returned to the rest of the Moon Clan in shock and spread the news of the Emissary's return. He organized a funeral to let others pay their respects. It was a sad time, but V------ knew he had to look forward at the tasks the Emissary had given him. And thus V------ began spreading the foundations for the legacy of the Moon Clan throughout the world.
V------ approached the gates of Valhalla, coming to the Fremennik afterlife at last after leading a long life. The Moon Clan might now be shunned by the rest of the Fremennik tribes, but they were still Fremennik at heart. Approaching the gates he could see Eir, the gatekeeper of Valhalla waiting for him.
"Welcome V------, to the halls of Valhalla," Eir said with a smile. "Someone has been awaiting your arrival for a long time now.* She ushered him inside where he could instantly see the face of the World Guardian, his friend from a long time ago. They greeted each other, and then the World Guardian begain to fill V------ in on who he really was and what would soon happen.
It did*'t take long. V------ and the World Guardian were requested by Eir to see someone outside the Gates of Valhalla. Even though they predicted that he would come, it was still a shock to see Guthix himself standing outside the Gates of Valhalla. Guthix was in his Naragi form, sized similiarly to them so that they wouldn't be intimidated, but the World Guardian recognized Guthix in an instant.
Guthix smiled at the two of them and began conferring with them about the future. Guthix could sense his own power placed within the World Guardian and learned from him some of what would happen in the future. Not everything, but enough for a plan to form. And then the conversation shifted to V------, who agreed to become a Guardian for the Stone of Jas that would soon be moved from the Lunar Isle.
"…And to protect the Stone until such a time as, near to death, whereby you are relieved all duties and shall henceforth be returned to your home plane with the gratitude and blessings of Guthix." Guthix finished his preparations and sent V------ away from Valhalla, changing him into the Balance Elemental.
"It's time for you to return from where you came too, isn't it?" Guthix asked the World Guardian. With a smile he focused his powers and helped the World Guardian return to life and send him towards the future, returning him even more empowered so that he could help resolve the troubles of the Sixth Age.
I removed this short story as it had a potential spoiler, and I don't want people mistaking it as part of the story ;3 Part 2 of my Elf Finale story is coming soon! (within days).
And nice story Verhidian! I was waiting for someone to write something along those lines I'm too Unaligned to have a forum signature.
Meanwhile the Dark Lord Hans appeared and enslaved all of humanity.
I'm always up for more of that. It's on the recommended section for a reason.
Very interesting. I've always thought either time travel or insanity due to isolation were the two main explanations of the Balance Elemental. Headcanon Haven, where everything is made up and the points don't matter.
Last night I wrote something quite spontaneously. Although dealing with pre-existing characters of Gelinior and beyond, I wrote of a probable story that's set in a time yet seen, taking place in the future. Therefore I wasn't sure if I was allowed to post it here, as these tales seem to be purely of the past?
Nevertheless, my curiosities have caught me in wanting to hear the opinion of others, and if anyone is interested in reading mine, it is called Halves of a Legend and a Curse. Please take a look, and enjoy!
Rather than bump the first Personal Recommendation, which was posted on another thread that's long dead, I'm going to quote the whole thing and stick it here.
Cabbage Prince had passed soon after leaving the Cabbage Homeworld. Headcanon Haven, where everything is made up and the points don't matter.


text:
Ayumi Hamasaki to Release New Classical Album Featuring a New Tetsuya Komuro Song
This year saw Ayumi Hamasaki release a new album, "A ONE", and a new mini album, "sixxxxxx." To end 2015, she's releasing classical versions of some of the songs from these releases on a new album titled "Winter diary ~A7 Classical~." It will be released on December 23. The album will feature violinist Okabe Machi on 3 songs: "WARNING", "NO FUTURE", and "The Show Must Go On." "Winter diary ~A7 Classical~" will also feature a new song produced by Tetsuya Komuro. The song is called "Winter diary" and it is a sequel to her song "Summer diary" from "sixxxxxx." Check out the album's tracklist after the jump!
1. WARNING
2. Step by step
3. Sorrows
4. Last minute
5. Summer diary
6. Sky high
7. NO FUTURE
9. The GIFT
10. The Show Must Go On
<Special Track>
11. Winter diary (Original mix)
Okabe Machi
Taguchi Junnosuke to Leave KAT-TUN and Johnny & Associates in the Spring back number, Yasuda Rei, and More Perform on Premium MelodiX! for November 23


text:
Atallah one of 29 Purdue innovators recently issued US patent
CS E-News & Publications
Subscribe to CS E-News
Distinguished Professor Mikhail Atallah
Congratulations to Distinguished Professor Mikhail Atallah and all Purdue Univeristy researchers across all campuses and academic disciplines. They have recently received 29 patents on their intellectual property from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Mikhail Atallah, College of Science
"Computing without Revealing: Order Statistics," #11,552,783
Collaboration of industry projects often occurs through an online platform. There has been a burst in online shared drives between Microsoft, Google, and Dropbox, however, with this explosion of sharing mediums, there is a greater threat to online security. Collaborators might be connected to future competitors and often the practice of sharing data is rudimentary. These risks mean the communication of sensitive material from the distrusting could be redacted without the collaborators' knowledge. On the other end of the spectrum, superfluous information could be exchanged, making it difficult to recover the necessary data.
Researchers from Purdue University have developed a method of sharing data between online collaborators so that only one individual is in charge of their portion of the project without having to share that knowledge. In this manner, the individual has total control over his or her information which is specific to their task. Through the use of client-server architecture, collaborators are clients who communicate from that role so that their data is secure. This will allow greater security when exchanging information through online shared drives.
-Sharing Methodology
-Online Security
Potential Applications:
-Wireless Communication
-Intranet Safety
-Web Design
Atallah, Mikhail J (Project leader)
Chaduvula, Siva Chaitanya
Dachowicz, Adam
Panchal, Jitesh H
Rahman, Mohammad S.
Atallah's research interests are in information security and algorithms. A Fellow of both the ACM and IEEE, his work on key management received the 2015 CCS Test of Time Award, and his work on multi-party computation received the 2021 ACSAC Test of Time Award. He was the 2017 recipient of the Arden L. Bement Jr. Award, the most prestigious award Purdue bestows in pure and applied science and engineering. He was the 2016 recipient of the Purdue Sigma Xi Faculty Research Award, and the 2013 recipient of the Purdue Outstanding Commercialization Award. He was a speaker nine times in the Distinguished Lecture Series of top Computer Science Departments, and was keynote and invited speaker at many national and international meetings, and has served on the editorial boards of top journals and on the program committees of top conferences and workshops. He was selected in 1999 as one of the best teachers in the history of Purdue University and included in Purdue's Book of Great Teachers, a permanent wall display of Purdue's best teachers past and present. In 2001 he co-founded Arxan Technologies Inc, to commercialize a software protection technology developed jointly with his doctoral student Hoi Chang (in 2019 Arxan reported that applications secured by it were running on over a billion devices, and in 2020 it reported 5+ billion deployed instances on protected applications "across many industries including financial services, mobile payments, healthcare, automotive, gaming, and entertainment"). He was CTO of Arxan Technologies and Chief Scientist for its defense subsidiary, Arxan Defense Systems. Arxan Defense Systems was acquired in 2010 by Microsemi Corporation, and Arxan Technologies was acquired in 2013 by private equity firm TA Associates.
Link to all primary investigators whose work was recently patented. Also included are their college and the issued patent number. The majority of these are available to license. Visit the Purdue Research Foundation Office of Technology Commercialization's web site to learn more about these and other available technologies.
About the Department of Computer Science at Purdue University
Founded in 1962, the Department of Computer Science was created to be an innovative base of knowledge in the emerging field of computing as the first degree-awarding program in the United States. The department continues to advance the computer science industry through research. US News & Reports ranks Purdue CS #20 and #16 overall in graduate and undergraduate programs respectively, seventh in cybersecurity, 10th in software engineering, 13th in programming languages, data analytics, and computer systems, and 19th in artificial intelligence. Graduates of the program are able to solve complex and challenging problems in many fields. Our consistent success in an ever-changing landscape is reflected in the record undergraduate enrollment, increased faculty hiring, innovative research projects, and the creation of new academic programs. The increasing centrality of computer science in academic disciplines and society, and new research activities - centered around data science, artificial intelligence, programming languages, theoretical computer science, machine learning, and cybersecurity - are the future focus of the department. cs.purdue.edu


text:
'Resident Evil 5' stage collapse sends 11 to hospital
By Chris Nashawaty
An accident on the Toronto set of Resident Evil: Retribution early Tuesday morning has injured several background actors and sent 11 of them to the hospital, sparking an investigation by the Ontario Ministry of Labour. The mishap occurred at Toronto's Cinespace Film Studios facility at 8:35 a.m., and involved a four-foot high platform shifting position, leaving a gap into which the actors fell. Since the actors were reportedly dressed as zombies, paramedics could not tell at first which of them were actually injured or merely in character.
According to the film's unit publicist, Karen Pidgurski, none of the injuries were life-threatening. One background actor suffered a cracked rib, one a stress fracture of the tibia and one a possible back injury. Seven of the 11 hospitalized actors have already returned to the set. The movie franchise's star, Milla Jovovich, was reportedly not on the set at the time of the accident.
The film's production company released a statement saying: "It is with regret that we confirm this unfortunate accident. The thoughts of everyone involved in the production are with those who have been injured, and we hope that all have a quick and complete recovery. The filmmakers are continuing to work closely with the authorities in responding to this incident."
According to a Labour Ministry spokesman, the investigation has no plan at the moment to shut down production on the Screen Gems picture.
Resident Evil: Retribution is the fifth chapter in the popular video-game-turned-action-movie franchise.
Indiana State Fair tragedy: Can you protect people from Mother Nature?
5 things to know about Austin Butler, who's stepping into Elvis' blue suede shoes
Debra Messing returning to Broadway stage in 2020
Child's Play remake dilutes Chucky's evil with more laughs than scares: EW review
Frozen, Aladdin stars set for cast of new Hercules stage musical
Jada Pinkett Smith just shared 5 shows to binge — and one of them might really surprise you
Sarah Michelle Gellar sends Cruel Intentions costar Selma Blair a steamy throwback birthday kiss
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Fat Bastard and Mini-Me turn 20: Mike Myers on creating the memorable Austin Powers characters
How Zac Efron survived playing Ted Bundy in Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile
R. Kelly charged with 11 new counts of sexual assault and abuse in Chicago
Noah seeks redemption in The Affair season 5 trailer
'Cage in the Park' to stage Shakepearean version of Nicolas Cage's Face/Off in New York
Stranger Things deep dive: 5 things you need to know about Day of the Dead
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Queer Eye's Fab 5 take over Jonathan's high school in season 4 trailer
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Watch Spider-Man stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Tom Holland, and Zendaya surprise kids at children's hospital
Black Mirror recap: 'Smithereens'
Renée Zellweger takes the stage as Judy Garland in new Judy trailer


text:
FROM alpine
LABEL maintainer='Chao QU <mail@quchao.com>'

RUN set -ex; \
    # change mirrors
    sed -i 's|http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apk/repositories; \
    # update the repo file & force upgrade the pkgs
    apk upgrade --update-cache --available; \
    # common deps
    apk add --no-cache --virtual .common-deps \
        ca-certificates \
        su-exec \
        curl \
    ; \
    # reset CA list
    update-ca-certificates --fresh; \
    # cleanup
    rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* /var/cache/apk/*;

ARG RUN_AS_USER
ENV RUN_AS_USER="${RUN_AS_USER:-nutshell}"

RUN set -ex; \
    # a low-privilege user
    addgroup -S "${RUN_AS_USER}"; \
    adduser -S -D -H  -h /var/empty -s /sbin/nologin -G "${RUN_AS_USER}" "${RUN_AS_USER}";

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh entrypoint-utils.sh /usr/local/bin/

RUN set -ex; \
    # test flight
	chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh;

RUN set -ex; \
    # avoid docker's 'Text file busy' issue
	docker-entrypoint.sh /bin/true;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub