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Fast French Show the Way at Canoe Slalom World Championships
French paddlers Romane Prigent, Anatole Delassus and Tanguy Addison firmed in favouritism to win gold at the 2021 ICF junior and U23 canoe slalom world championships with impressive heat runs in hot conditions in Slovenia on Wednesday.
Spain's Miquel Trave was the only athlete to stand between France and a clean sweep of the qualifiers, posting the quickest time in the men's U23 canoe slalom.
Thirty years after his father won world championship gold on the same Tacen course, 18-year-old Frenchman Tanguy Addison qualified fastest in the men's junior C1 heats.
"Before the run I felt a little bit stressed, but during the run it felt so good, so clean," Addison said.
"I think I can go faster. My father is watching in the tribune, it's so good to be racing here at the same place where he won 30 years ago."
Prigent said Tacen was fast becoming her favourite canoe slalom course. On Tuesday she was part of the victorious French K1 U23 team, which followed her world cup gold in Ljubljana last year.
"It's a short run here in Tacen, but I did a clean run, with maybe a couple of small mistakes, but I think it was a good one," Prigent said.
"I love this course, I love the way we can paddle with the water, I think it's really nice. The course is even nicer with the drop now.
"I think its good for teams to win a medal at the start, because it shows everyone we are here and we can win gold medals."
Anatole Delassus won the K1 junior world title in Krakow in 2019, and showed he is ready to take on the older paddlers with an error-free run in the U23 qualifiers.
"I felt good on the water, my run was very good, but I hope I've kept my best run for Friday," Delassus said.
"I feel excited and very motivated for these championships. It's been hard, but the French Federation have organised a lot of training, so I feel good."
Miquel Trave is one of only a handful of male paddlers in the world who competes in both the K1 and the C1. On Wednesday he comfortably qualified for the semi-finals in the U23 K1 in the morning, and then set the fastest time in the C1 in the afternoon.
"I felt really good in the water, a bit nervous maybe because it's been two years without a world championships, so it was good to feel the start line again," Trave said.
"I don't feel any pressure, I obviously want to get another world title, so I will fight for it. It's not easy, there are 10 or 12 people who can win this world championship, so it is time to fight, time to focus on the semi-finals."
The ICF junior and U23 canoe slalom world championships continue on Thursday, with racing in men's and women's junior kayak, and the women's junior and U23 canoe.
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Q: Beginner needing needs pointing in the right direction with the ActivityResultLauncher I am currently learning Android and the book I am currently using, uses startActivityForResult has been removed. I don't understand the replacement code. I would be grateful for any help. Even if it's just a little bit of help. When i click to go on the  second activity (CheatActivity) the app crashes,
This is the MainActivity
    // create the mCheatButton
    mCheatButton = (Button) findViewById (R.id.cheat_button);
    mCheatButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
    {
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        public void onClick(View v)
        {
            openSomeActivityForResult (MainActivity.this);
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    public void openSomeActivityForResult (Context packageContext) {
    ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> someActivityResultLauncher = registerForActivityResult(
            new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
            new ActivityResultCallback<ActivityResult>() {
                @Override
                public void onActivityResult(ActivityResult result) {
                    if (result.getResultCode() == Activity.RESULT_OK) {

                    }
                }
            });

    //Create Intent
    // create an intent
    boolean answerIsTrue = mQuestionBank [mCurrentIndex].isAnswerTrue();
    Intent intent = CheatActivity.newIntent (MainActivity.this, answerIsTrue);
    someActivityResultLauncher.launch(intent);
}

This is the CheatActivity
   public static Intent newIntent (Context packageContext, boolean answerIsTrue)
{
    Intent intent = new Intent (packageContext, CheatActivity.class);
    intent.putExtra (EXTRA_ANSWER_IS_TRUE, answerIsTrue);
    return intent;
}

public static boolean wasAnswerShown (Intent result)
{
    return result.getBooleanExtra (EXTRA_ANSWER_SHOWN, false);
}

     private void setAnswerShownResult (boolean isAnswerShown)
{
    Intent data = new Intent ();
    data.putExtra (EXTRA_ANSWER_SHOWN, isAnswerShown);
    setResult (RESULT_OK, data);
}

Here is the stack trace.
   2022-07-14 22:43:42.928 23134-23134/com.michaeldoughty.android.geo_quiz E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: com.michaeldoughty.android.geo_quiz, PID: 23134
java.lang.IllegalStateException: LifecycleOwner com.michaeldoughty.android.geo_quiz.MainActivity@f723e0d is attempting to register while current state is RESUMED. LifecycleOwners must call register before they are STARTED.
    at androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultRegistry.register(ActivityResultRegistry.java:123)
    at androidx.activity.ComponentActivity.registerForActivityResult(ComponentActivity.java:682)
    at androidx.activity.ComponentActivity.registerForActivityResult(ComponentActivity.java:691)
    at com.michaeldoughty.android.geo_quiz.MainActivity.openSomeActivityForResult(MainActivity.java:278)
    at com.michaeldoughty.android.geo_quiz.MainActivity$4.onClick(MainActivity.java:182)
    at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5340)
    at com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton.performClick(MaterialButton.java:1194)
    at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:21606)
    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:815)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:104)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:207)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5763)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:789)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:679)

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If you're looking to get into tennis, it's an awesome sport to play. There's no need to wait a single day more. Just start now.
Or perhaps you already play but want to take tennis more seriously. If that's the case, what are you waiting for? There are plenty of opportunities to play and practice no matter where you live. It's not only about the competition. Tennis is fun, great for socializing, and fantastic exercise as well.
To be completely honest with you, my life totally changed once I started playing tennis regularly. It's truly a fantastic sport and hobby – and it's quite addictive too. It's also one of the few sports you can play your entire life (and even get better with age). Even Mike Tyson declared tennis to be the ultimate sport. There are so many marvelous things about tennis, I could write a book about them.
However, I decided a blog post is good enough. So here it is. Tennis has changed my life for the better in so many ways through the years. I believe it can do the same for you. Here are the benefits I've experienced from tennis in my 25 years of play.
I want to touch on each benefit, so you know exactly how tennis changed me. Perhaps my story will inspire you to start playing or simply play more. If you're looking to improve your health, widen your social circle or just feel better about life, look no further than a tennis court!
Before I started playing tennis, I'd hit the gym occasionally and play basketball here and there. I wasn't totally out of shape but I also wasn't in great shape. I had a few extra pounds of body fat and my cardio wasn't the best. Once I started playing tennis regularly, that quickly changed for the positive. I'd say it took me about a month of consistent play (3-4 times per week) before seeing a noticeable difference.
After playing regularly, my body grew leaner and my cardio improved greatly. When I first started playing, long rallies would wind me. However, after a month or two of playing, I noticed that I could sustain long rallies without being short of breath. It was fantastic to see my body and conditioning change in so little time. The great thing about tennis is that it's super fun, so it doesn't even feel like exercise.
When I lived in New York, the winter months were cold and outside activities were rare. Besides, I didn't like the cold so there wasn't much to do in the way of outdoor sports. Before I took up tennis, I'd just stay home and mull around my apartment, being quite sedentary. However, after deciding to play regularly, I bought a membership to a local tennis bubble and went frequently. A tennis bubble is an indoor court; we call it a bubble because it looks like one from the outside.
After work, in the evenings, I'd call my tennis buddies up and we'd meet for a 2-3 hour session of singles. I loved the feeling of being in the bubble and playing tennis. Those evenings were some of my fondest memories during those cold winter months. I always looked forward to playing and returned home feeling like I accomplished something good. I was running, sweating and improving my conditioning all while having a blast. If I missed the gym for a while, I knew I was staying in shape through tennis, so I didn't worry.
Fast forward 20 years or so. I now live in Florida, where I can play tennis outdoors all year long. I take full advantage and now in my mid-40s, I am in better shape than anyone I know. I feel like I can run a marathon if I had to. Simply by playing regularly, I feel like I'm still 25-years-old and have excellent endurance and mobility. Unlike other people my age who stop exercising, I continue to stay toned and in great shape. I owe it all to tennis – and the occasional trip to the gym.
Another great benefit of regular tennis is eating more and sleeping better. When I play every day for several hours, I can eat whatever I want and never gain weight. I have a very good diet as a vegan. But if I want to splurge on some dairy-free ice cream or cake, I never worry about the calories.
I also sleep like a baby at night. There's nothing like running around on a tennis court for three hours to exhaust you. By the time I come home at night, I'm thoroughly pooped from work and tennis, so sleep is very welcome. When I awake in the morning, I feel refreshed and ready to hit the court again! If gaining weight and not sleeping well is an issue for you, give tennis a try.
Of course, playing tennis regularly also keeps my body and vital signs in prime shape. Every time I go to the doctor, my blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol and all those metrics always come back in perfect ranges. I think a good diet contributes to my health as well, but tennis definitely plays a huge part.
I notice that tennis benefits other people I play with too. I play with men who are in their 50s, 60s and a few in their early 70s. When you look at them compared to people of their age who don't exercise, the difference is stark. I think the older the age of the person, the more the differences show (between players and nonplayers).
The older guys who play tennis regularly have great posture, appear younger and have much fewer health issues than sedentary men of similar age. These gritty tennis players possess clear minds and surprise me with their movement and quickness on the court.
There are several guys I know ages 65-71 who are in incredible shape. I'm really shocked they haven't lost much through the years in the way of conditioning, muscle tone and athletic ability. I joke with them about their age sometimes. But they're no joke on the court, as they routinely beat players their level who are half their age.
I truly believe tennis is a magic game and if you play it life-long, it'll greatly improve your body, mind and health. It has for those guys and it's doing it for me. At 45, I can honestly say I'm in the best shape of my life! If you're looking to get in better shape, few ways are better than tennis. And it's never too late to start.
I believe confidence is not a trait or feeling we can have unless we have ability and experience in something. If you've never played tennis before and I tell you to be confident when hitting, it doesn't mean anything. You can't be confident because you have no experience or skill in tennis. However, that will come in time as you keep practicing and playing.
For me, it was the same way. In the beginning, I was unsure of my abilities and often second-guessed myself. I often struggled with technique and couldn't carry out a strategy for winning. Over time, I began to work on my flaws and little-by-little I could see small improvements. This brought me a small degree of confidence. As the years passed and my tennis skills increased, so did my confidence on the court.
I saw how increased experience and skill on the court coincided with increased confidence. I then thought the same process could work for any part of life. Tennis is truly a metaphor for the real world. The harder you work, the more successful you become. The more successful you become, the more confidence you have.
As I continued to play tennis, the changes in my physical prowess also brought increased confidence to the other aspects of my life. Not only did I look and feel better, but my dating life, academics, career success, and social circle all improved as well.
By playing regularly, I also just felt better mentally. I felt my reflexes were sharp, I could think better, and as I already said, my sleep was better too. It's strange to think, but by playing tennis regularly, it also made me want to hit the gym and eat better. I thought that if I go to the gym, I'll play even better. It was the same thought process that led me to keep a good diet as well. Tennis has a domino effect on your life that's very beneficial. I know not everyone will think like I did, but many do.
When I first started playing serious tennis, I was a freshman in college. I wasn't good enough to be on the tennis team but I improved quickly. During my first two years in college, I just drifted through, not sure of myself or my identity. But that all changed in my junior year.
I unexpectedly made the tennis team and it totally changed my outlook on life. Being on the team meant a lot to me. It gave me a new identity and level of confidence. I just walked around feeling better about myself.
Even if I wasn't the best player on the team, I was one of the best in the entire university. I proudly wore my "Queens College Men's Tennis" warmup jacket everywhere I went on campus. Looking back, I can say the last couple of years in college were a much happier time than the first two, and it was all thanks to tennis.
This is my story. I'm sure tennis has different levels of impact on different people. But never underestimate how much tennis can do for you. At the least, regular play will make you healthier, clear your mind and cause you to feel better throughout the day. Trust me on this. Tennis is better than any medication you could ever take.
Before making the tennis team my junior year of college, I had only ever been on two school teams – both in high school. I played freshman baseball (yay!) and was one of four nerds on the senior bowling team (boo!). I really loved the camaraderie of being on a team and missed it going into college.
When I got the chance to try out for the tennis team in my third year at university, I jumped at the opportunity. I really didn't think I would make it, but I did. After making the team, I met my new teammates and got acquainted with the format of college tennis. I liked the idea of traveling to a far away school to play against another team of players I didn't know.
In college tennis, there are six singles matches and three doubles matches. That makes nine matches in total. The school that wins five or more matches, wins the meet. I loved competing and the feeling of teammates supporting you. I even loved the practice and training sessions. And my coach was the coach was fantastic too – very laid back and cool.
One of the best perks of being on a team is the travel. We used to travel up and down the eastern seaboard – from Florida to Connecticut. It was awesome to play against new players and styles. I also made great friends on the team and had a blast. Yeah, those were good times. And those are beautiful memories that stay with you for life.
If you're an older adult reading this and your college days are behind you, you can still be part of a tennis team. The USTA usually has local tennis meets where one club plays against another club. Or, if that kind of play is not possible for you, just form a doubles team with a friend and play against other doubles teams. It may only be the two of you, but it's still a team!
I love tennis doubles because it offers me the opportunity to team up with a partner. Yes, it's a small team, but nonetheless, it is one. My teammate and I will practice, plan out strategy, and go against other doubles teams in the area. We even joined a league where we play against a new doubles team every week. It's great fun and I love the "us vs. them" philosophy of a team.
The best teammates support you at every turn and are fun to play with. It's just a good feeling being able to rely on your teammate during tough times on and off the court rather than always going at it alone. For this reason, I prefer doubles over singles. If you're my partner, I'm loyal to you until the end. It's all for one and one for all. If you've never been part of a team in tennis, try to experience it.
Let's face it, life is adversity. We all have challenges to face every day, whether it's school, our job, our health, or even tennis. Before I started playing tennis, I really didn't know what it was to fight hard. I would battle during adversity, but when the going got really tough, I would fold. This happened in other aspects of my life as well. As a result, I never achieved anything noteworthy until I began playing tennis.
It didn't happen right away, but about a year or two after I learned tennis I began to find myself in some very competitive matches. I call them dogfights. They're the type of competitions where you believe you can win, but you have to push as hard as possible to do it. The great Rafael Nadal calls them "suffering". He believes sometimes the only way to victory is through great suffering. I believe he's correct.
As I began playing more, and my skills and conditioning increased, so did my will to win. But I continued losing matches I believed I could win. One day after another close loss, I began to question my heart. I questioned what I was willing to do for victory. Why not just give everything I have, I asked myself? I told myself from that moment forward I would walk through hell for victory. I then looked forward to the next chance I had to prove it.
When you steamroll a lesser player or when a much more talented player does the same to you, there isn't a great deal of adversity in that. Instead, adversity occurs when you play someone near your level – where the match could go either way. Not long after that introspective day, I found myself locked horn-to-horn with a tough opponent in adverse conditions (sun, wind, a team match at stake).
My opponent was a level above me and I would need all the guile and grit I could muster to pull out the win. My college tennis team was counting on me as well. This was my chance to prove to myself I could go deep inside the well and pull out reserves I never had before. I fought like hell, running down every ball and making my foe hit at least one extra shot on every close rally. My feet were burning with blisters and my chest was hurting from sucking air, but I was fully committed to the challenge.
I was suffering on the court that day, but I was beginning to turn the tide in the match! When faced with adversity in the past, I would simply want it to be over and stopped fighting hard. I didn't want to suffer or be uncomfortable, so I gave in. Not on this day.
On this day I fought like my life depended on the outcome and claimed an uncommon victory. My teammates cheered me on and it was a great feeling. But more importantly, I finally proved to myself I could endure, suffer and go deep inside myself to reach a level I never had before. This was my turning point in tennis and in life.
From this point on, I became one of the toughest players to go against at my school and division II tennis. In my senior year I moved up from the #9 position to the #4 position on my team and ended up going undefeated in my conference. Other players hated playing me because I tracked down every ball and fought tooth and nail on every shot. I was the Nadal of division II tennis in the mid 90s and I loved it.
After I learned to overcome adversity on the tennis court, I soon began asking why I couldn't apply the same philosophy to life. Why couldn't I fight hard when it came to doing well in academics? Why couldn't I fight hard to be the best worker at my job? I thought about tennis and I thought about school and career. If I could overcome adversity in tennis, there's no reason why I couldn't do it in life. The key, I saw, was to fight hard, never quit, and focus on the process not the results.
I know it sounds awful, but I graduated with a lowly 2.0 grade average as an undergraduate. I only maintained a 2.0 to remain on the tennis team, otherwise I would have probably flunked out of college.
After I received my degree, I decided to return to university as a graduate student; I had to talk my way into the program because of my low GPA. I told myself, this time will be different. I'll do my work, study hard and do whatever's necessary to earn high grades.
I thought of school as a tennis match and just never gave in. I ended up earning a 3.6 GPA in my two years as a graduate student. I don't think I could have done it if not learning some very serious life lessons on the tennis court.
Look, I know tennis may not have the same dramatic results for you, but it's a great test of adversity in small doses with low consequences. Go out there, play matches, and challenge yourself. Kids for sure will learn how to deal with challenges in life by playing tennis.
The thing I love about tennis, is that in singles it's all you. Your success and your failure are entirely dependent on you. You see, tennis is a mirror of life. If you can learn to fight back on the court, you can do the same in life.
I've never been a social butterfly. I'm an only child and come from a small family. In public school, I only ever had a couple of close friends and never really fit into any cliques. As a result, my social circle was small in junior high and high school. In college, it was basically the same. I had a couple of close friends but nothing more. Inside, I truly wished to have more friends or a social network to rally around.
My university was a commuter school, so almost all the students went to class and then went home – or studied in the library. I did the same but didn't do much studying. Instead, I'd hang around campus to play tennis or basketball when I had the time. That's how my freshman and sophomore years passed in college. I didn't attend any parties, have any close bonds or do anything social. I wish I did though.
In my junior year, that all changed when I made the tennis team. Instantly, I inherited a group of guys who all loved tennis as much as I did. I formed close friendships with some of those guys – two of which still last today, almost 25 years later.
As a team, we trained together, traveled together and competed together. It was a fantastic time and my stretch on the team really broadened my social circle. I began to meet people outside the team too. These people wanted to play tennis. They knew I was good, so I plenty of prospective partners to choose from. One of those people, a guy a few years older than me named Eric, developed into a friendship that spanned the years. Tennis was always the bond and running theme throughout our 20-year friendship.
After my years on the team, I would go down to the local park and play against different guys. We all knew each other and had a fantastic time playing. When you play tennis, a lot of guys (and women) like to socialize and talk before the match and between games. You might only know someone as a tennis acquaintance, but you get to know a lot about them on the tennis court. I always enjoy meeting new people through tennis and learning about their lives.
Being more of a quiet, reserved person, I don't usually seek out new friends. However, tennis is a great icebreaker. You can meet someone new for tennis and get to know them gradually. There are also tennis leagues. I think they're great for meeting new people. If you live near a tennis club, sign up to leagues or find people that want to hit. Who knows, if you're single you may meet that special someone.
Here where I live in South Florida, I play in two tennis leagues: singles and doubles. The people that I've met through the years in these leagues are fantastic human beings. Not only are they funny, interesting, and successful, but they've helped me through some tough times.
I really love those guys and I see them often throughout the week, as every evening is another chance to get together and play tennis. I've definitely forged friendships here in Florida through tennis I never could have done if I hadn't played.
We meet up almost every evening to play and compete. But we also banter and joke around a lot. I feel like I have this vast social network of 25-30 guys I can call to play and talk with. Maybe that's the reason I never feel lonely here despite living and working by myself.
If you are looking to widen your social circle, tennis is a great way to do it. There are so many opportunities to meet new people, be part of a team, and even find a life partner. I've always felt it's much easier to socialize and make friends through tennis. Give it a try. There's nothing to lose.
I know not everyone is looking to make an income from tennis. But some people are, so I thought I'd include this benefit, as it was a huge one for me. When I was playing college tennis, I made extra money teaching tennis to kids and adults in clinics at the university. I really enjoyed it.
During that same time, my tennis coach also got me a job working on the tennis courts. I was the guy who checked everyone's tennis passes. He said I could play all the tennis I want, as long as I checked everyone who entered the courts. What a cool job! The pay was low but who cared – I was playing tennis 95% of the time.
Later, I coached at a few different tennis summer camps for kids. When I moved to Florida from New York, I began teaching kids and adults privately. By doing so, I made more money from tennis than ever before. While I wasn't getting rich, I was being paid to do what I loved, and it paid my bills. People would actually pay me good money just to hit with them and play matches. What a job!
At one point, a student of mine asked me to make a video on the basics of the one-handed backhand. I made a video and put it on youtube. He then asked for a few other videos, so I made them and posted them on the new youtube channel. After a while, I noticed I was getting thousands of views each month. I decided to monetize the videos through Ggoogle Adsense, and bam, I was making money through tennis in a whole different way.
At first my income from youtube was low, perhaps $30 per month. As I posted more videos, my income increased and I could see the potential. I made it up to $150 per month after 8-10 weeks of consistent posting but then scaled back to focus on other things.
If I would have continued going, I could see how the monthly income could have potentially made it to $300 and even $500. As of the writing of this blog post, I intend to put out dozens and dozens of new videos on my youtube channel soon – all in part and parcel with this blog. Heck, I even intend to make money from this blog, so the different ways to make money with tennis never end.
The bottom line is this. If you're passionate about tennis and can teach others, make videos, or write about it, you too can make money. Even if you're not a great player, you can be a great coach with experience and work. One great way to make money is to invest in a ball machine and charge people to use it. You don't even need to know how to play to do that.
The interesting thing about tennis, unlike some other sports, is that you can always get better. I think this one reason has kept me coming back to it day-after-day and year-after-year since I began. Every time I watch a new youtube tennis video or see a match on TV, I think to myself, "I've got to try that technique!". I love going to the court and experimenting with new grips, new swings, and new equipment.
Tennis is very addictive. There's a chemical reaction that happens in your brain when you hit the ball. I think it releases endorphins when you strike the ball well or hit a winning shot. That might be the huge reason why you see the same guys playing for three hours every night. We're all tennis junkies and passionate about the game.
People who've never played the game (like my business partner, Ted) will never understand it. It's only something that tennis addicts like myself comprehend. If you play tennis, you know what I'm talking about. And it doesn't matter your skill level either. You can have as much fun playing a 3.0 match against someone your level as 5.0 level players do. Everyone I know who plays tennis regularly is truly passionate about the game.
Going through life, we all have interests that come and go. At one time, I was into martial arts, but as I got older it became more difficult to do. I was also into basketball, but the same happened there. At one point, I got into bodybuilding, but ultimately that hobby fizzled out too. Same for my interest in motorcycles, video editing, and business. But the thing that has blazed like a thousand suns in my life from day one until now is tennis.
It's truly incredible to have a passion that fills your life with fun and meaning every day. I can honestly say for me tennis is my calling. For 25 years, I've been consumed with it. Even today, as I write this blog post, I'm plotting strategy with my tennis partner by text for our doubles league match tonight. I'm consumed with winning and I'm consumed with being the best version of myself every time I step on the court.
And now that I'm also a tennis coach, I put a lot of energy and passion into teaching others. I have a young female student now who is 10-years-old. She's a tennis phenom and hits better than any kid her age I've ever seen or coached. The crazy thing is she's as passionate about tennis as me!
Her parents know nothing of tennis, but she came to them at age five and demanded to play. So her father bought her a racket and she took a few lessons. Luckily, a couple of years later, I met her father by chance in a UPS store and have been her coach ever since. I love teaching her new techniques and watching her improve. I would love for her to be a professional player, but I'll settle for a scholarship to a division I school.
While I'm still just as passionate about my own tennis game, I'm now consumed with making my clients better, especially my best student. I'm also super passionate about this tennis blog, for which I've written 24 long articles in only one month's time. And when the ATP Finals are on TV next month, guess what? I'll be watching some of it too. I just bought new string for two of my rackets and can't wait to try them out. Need I say more?
You can probably tell how passionate I am about tennis. While I can't make you passionate about tennis, it could become your passion if you play regularly. I implore you to meet new people, play at different courts, join leagues, and enter tournaments.
One caveat though. If you get the tennis bug and find yourself addicted, don't blame me. I'm warning you now! Hey, I'll accept being a tennis addict all day long for the awesome passion it has filled me with over a lifetime. What's your passion?


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Justia Patents Piston Ring Or Piston Ring Expander Or Seat ThereforUS Patent for Piston ring Patent (Patent # 6,860,485)
Mar 21, 2003 - Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd.
The present invention provides a piston ring comprising a piston ring main body and an expander ring arranged on an inner peripheral surface thereof, the expander ring comprising two oil expander rings, one of which is housed in a space in a spiral of the other. The expander ring is formed so that the pressing force in the diameter expanding direction is larger in a high temperature state than in a low temperature state. The expander comprises two different kinds of expander members. One of these expander members has the same functions as those of a conventional expander, and the other is a member in which there occurs a change in tension in the diametral direction with temperature. As a result, the pressing force of the master expander member having the same effects as those of the conventional expander is made variable.
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a piston ring engaged with a piston ring groove of a piston of an internal combustion engine or the like.
Piston rings are broadly classified into oil rings and pressure rings. In any case, a piston ring may comprise a piston ring main body, and an expander, arranged on the inner peripheral surface side of the piston ring main body, for imparting a pressing force in the diameter expanding direction of the piston ring main body.
In such a piston ring, the sum of the piston ring main body and the pressing force of the expander forms the tension of the piston ring as a whole. This tension of the piston ring as a whole is set so that the piston ring can display the functions thereof even under the severest conditions permitting use of the piston ring. For example, in a piston ring installed in a piston of an internal combustion engine, a piston ring tension is set on the assumption of a high speed-high load state of the internal combustion engine.
In a piston ring comprising a piston ring main body and an expander, therefore, a pressing force of the expander is of course set on the assumption of the high load condition of the internal combustion engine or the like.
In a conventional piston ring, however, engine oil adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder has an increasingly larger force causing the piston ring to float up under the effect of the oil hydraulic pressure generated between the cylinder inner peripheral surface and the piston ring along with the increase in the speed of reciprocation of the piston. The oil consumption tends to become larger according as the speed and the load become higher. Therefore, the tension of the entire piston ring is set on the assumption of a high speed and high load state, i.e., a high temperature state of the internal combustion engine. In a low speed and low load state, i.e., a low temperature state of the internal combustion engine, a tension higher than the necessary level would act on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder, thus resulting in friction. In this case, it is also conceivable that a tension for the entire piston ring is set on the assumption of a low speed and low load state. In this state, however, the high speed and high load operation is not desirable because it causes a sudden increase in the coil consumption.
Apart from the above-mentioned problems, the following problem has been encountered.
In other words, when attaching a conventional piston ring comprising a piston ring main body and an expander to a piston, it was necessary to follow the procedure shown in FIG. 4. With reference to FIG. 4, a piston ring comprising a two piece combined oil ring 50 composed of an oil ring main body 51 and a coil expander 52 will be described.
(1) Disengaging a connecting section 54 of the coil expander 52 (see FIG. 4(a));
(2) Winding the coil expander 52 around an oil ring groove 55, and connecting the connecting section 54 with a connecting pin 56 (see FIG. 4(b)); and
(3) Attaching the oil ring main body 51 to the oil ring groove 55 so that an engaging port 511 is at a position at 180 relative to the position of the coil expander 52 (see FIG. 4(c)).
According to this attaching method, it is necessary to once disengage the connecting section of the coil expander and connect the connecting section again. This is troublesome, and in addition, this operation cannot be automated, resulting in the necessity to manually conduct all steps of operation.
The present invention was developed to solve these problems, and has a main object to provide a piston ring which generates tension suitable for the low speed and low load state and the high speed and high load state, respectively, and solve troublesome work of attaching a piston ring comprising a piston ring main body and an expander in a piston ring groove of a piston of an internal combustion engine or the like.
To solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention provide a piston ring comprising a piston ring main body, and a coil expander arranged on the inner periphery of the piston ring main body; the coil expander comprising two coil expander members, and one of the coil expander members being housed in a space in a spiral of the other coil expander member.
The present invention further provides a piston ring comprising a piston ring main body, and an expander arranged on the inner periphery of the piston ring main body; the expander comprising a master expander member and a sub-expander member arranged by engaging with the master expander member; a piston ring being formed so that the pressing force in a diameter expanding direction to the piston ring of the expander as a whole imparted by the master expander member and the sub-expander member being larger in a high-temperature state than in a low temperature state.
The present invention further provides the piston ring described above, wherein at least one of the master expander member and the sub-expander member is formed by a shape memory alloy or a bimetal of which tension varies with temperature.
The present invention further provides the piston ring described above, wherein both the master expander member and the sub-expander member are coil expander members, and the arrangement thereof is such that one of the coil expander members is housed in a space in a spiral of the other coil expander member.
The present invention further provides the piston ring described above, wherein both the master expander member and the sub-expander member are plate expander members arranged on an axis.
FIG. 1 covers longitudinal sectional views illustrating a first embodiment of the piston ring of the present invention: a) is a longitudinal sectional view of the piston ring of the invention in a low temperature state; and b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the piston ring of the invention in a high temperature state;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a coil expander of the piston ring of the present invention;
FIG. 3 covers longitudinal sectional views illustrating a second embodiment of the piston ring of the present invention: (a) is a longitudinal sectional view of the piston ring of the invention in a low temperature state; and (b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the piston ring of the invention in a high temperature state; and
FIG. 4 covers descriptive views illustrating the attaching procedure of a conventional two-piece combined oil ring to a piston: (a) is a partial perspective view illustrating a disengaging state of the coil expander; (b) is a partial perspective view of the state in which the coil expander is wound around the coil ring groove and a connecting pin is connected; and (c) is a partial perspective view illustrating a 180 turned position of (b) in a state in which the oil ring main body is attached.
Reference numerals in the drawings represent the following component parts:
1: Cylinder; 2: Piston; 3: Oil ring groove; 10,30: Oil ring; 11, 31: Oil ring main body; 20, 40: Coil expander; 21, 41: Master expander member; 22, 42: Sub-expander member; 23: Space in spiral; 24: Engaging port of master expander member; 25: Engaging port of sub-expander member; FM: Pressing force of master expander member; FM′: Pressing force of master expander member upon diametral deformation; FS: Pressing force of sub-expander member.
EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides a piston ring comprising a piston ring main body, and a coil expander arranged on the inner periphery of the piston ring main body; and coil expander comprising two coil expander members, and one of the coil expander members being housed in a space in a spiral of the other coil expander member.
According to the present invention, the coil expander comprises two coil expander members, and one of the coil expander members is housed in the space in a spiral of the other expander member. The coil expander member housed in the space in the spiral serves as a connecting pin in a conventional coil expander. It is not therefore necessary to use a connecting pin, thus resulting in elimination of nuisance upon attaching the expander to a piston of an internal-combustion engine or the like, and in possibility to achieve automatic assembly.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a piston ring comprising a piston ring main body, and an expander arranged on the inner periphery of the piston ring main body; the expander comprising a master expander member and a sub-expander member arranged by engaging with the master expander member; a piston ring being formed so that the pressing force in a diameter expanding direction to the piston ring of the expander as a whole imparted by the master expander member and the sub-expander member being larger in a high temperature state than in a low temperature state.
According to the present invention, the expander comprises two members including a master expander member and a sub-expander member. The sub-expander member comprises a shape memory alloy or a bimetal in which phase transformation causes generation of tension on the high temperature side and losing of tension on the low temperature side with a set temperature as a boundary. The expander as a whole has a configuration in which the pressing force in the diameter expanding direction imparted by the master expander member and the sub-expander member to the piston ring main body is higher in the high temperature state than in the low temperature state. In the low temperature state of the internal combustion engine (i.e., a low speed and low load state of the internal combustion engine), the sub-expander member does not generate tension. Therefore, the tension for the expander as a whole imparted by the master expander member and the sub-expander member is the tension in the manufacturing stage of the piston ring of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the "initial tension"). When the interior of the internal combustion is in a high temperature state (i.e., when the internal combustion engine is in a high speed and high load state), there occurs, in the sub-expander member, a change in shape to a shape memory state caused by phase transformation or a change in shape caused by properties of the bimetal. As a result, the tension of the expander as a whole imparted by the master expander member and the sub-expander member becomes higher than the above-mentioned initial tension.
More specifically, the expander of the present invention comprises two different kinds of expander members. A feature of the present invention lies in that an expander manufactured from a known conventional material commonly in use is used for one of the members (master expander member), and a member in which a change in tension is caused by a phase transformation due to a temperature change is used for the other member (sub-expander member) to cause a change in pressing force of the expander member. Under the effect of this feature, it is possible to impart the most suitable piston ring tension in response to the load condition of the internal combustion engine for the piston ring as a whole.
In other words, in the low temperature state, the piston ring of the present invention is in a state in which only the pressing force of the master expander member acts on the piston ring main body. Therefore, setting the pressing force of the master expander member to a value corresponding to a tension required for the piston ring as a whole in the low speed and low load state permits avoidance of the risk of applying a tension exceeding the required level in the low speed and low load state leading to serious friction, as in a conventional piston ring. In the high speed and high load state, the sub-expander member tends to become larger in the diametrical direction.
In addition to the pressing force of the master expander member, therefore, the sub-expander member also applies a pressing force to the piston ring main body in the diameter expanding direction. That is, the tension of the expander as a whole can be expressed as (pressing force of the master expander member)+(pressing force of the sub-expander member). The piston ring functions most suitable in the high speed and high load state can be ensured by setting a sum of these pressing forces in response to the tension that the entire piston ring is required to have in the high speed and high load state.
It is difficult to define the high speed and high load state (high temperature state) and the low speed and low load state (low temperature state) with concrete numerical values since there are various states, depending upon the design specifications and operating circumstances of the internal combustion engine. For example, general standards in the case of a gasoline engine for ordinary passenger car of 2,000 cc would be as follows: high temperature state: for example, from about 130 C to about 180 C; low temperature state: for example, from about −30 C to about 80 C; and medium temperature state: for example, from about 80 C to about 130 C.
As in the case mentioned above, it is difficult also to define the tension with concrete numerical values. General standards in the case of a gasoline engine for an ordinary passenger car of 2,000 cc would be as follows: initial tension: from about 0 to about 15 N; and tension in stretched state: from about 15 N to about 25 N.
In other terms, when expressing the tension necessary for the expander as a whole in the low speed and low load state as FLT; the tension necessary for the expander as a whole in the high speed and high load state as FMT; the pressing force imparted to the piston ring main body by the master expander member as FM; and the pressing force imparted to the piston ring main body by the sub-expander member as FS, the following equations are applied in the present invention:
FLT=FM
FHT=FM+FS
By setting pressing forces of the expander members so that the above equations are valid, respectively, a change in the expander tension can be caused by acting on the temperature.
In an embodiment of the piston ring of the present invention, both the master expander member and the sub-expander member may be coil expander members, and one of the coil expander members may be housed in a space in the spiral of the other coil expander member.
According to the present invention, it is possible to achieve the above-mentioned advantages of the invention, and further obtain the following merits.
Upon attaching the piston ring using coil expander members, it is necessary to first attach the coil expander members, and then attach the piston ring main body. A connecting pin has been indispensable for placing the coil expander in the piston ring groove of the piston during the period from attachment of the coil expander members until attachment of the piston ring main body. According to the present invention, the coil expander members are arranged in such manner that one coil expander member of the master expander member and the sub-expander member is housed in the space of the spiral of the other coil expander member. The coil expander member housed in the space of the spiral plays the role of the connecting pin in the conventional coil expander. It is not therefore necessary to use a connecting pin, and as a result, it is possible to avoid troublesome operation upon attaching the expander to the piston of an internal-combustion engine or the like.
In the piston ring of the present invention, both the above-mentioned master expander member and the sub-expander member may be plate expander members and may be arranged on an axis.
In this case also, as in the case of the coil expander member, the sub-expander member may be made of a shape memory alloy, or in this place, a bimetal of which the tension varies with temperature.
Since the tension of a bimetal is variable with temperature, a bimetal can suitably be used as a sub-expander member of the present invention, thus permitting display of the advantages of the invention.
In the piston ring of the present invention, the master expander member may be made of the shape memory alloy, or a bimetal of which the tension varies with temperature.
According to the present invention, the sub-expander member as well as the master expander member are made of a shape memory alloy or a bimetal of which the tension varies with temperature. It is therefore possible to cause a smooth change in the pressing force for the entire expansion in response to a change in temperature of the internal combustion engine.
For example, a case where both the master expander member and the sub-expander member are made of a shape memory alloy, and temperatures causing changes in shape are compared by selecting materials for the individual expander members so that the temperature is lower for the master expander member than for the sub-expander member will now be described.
When the interior of the internal combustion engine is in the low temperature state (i.e., when the internal combustion engine is in the low speed and low load state), the pressing force for the entire expander depends only upon the initial tension of the master expander member, and therefore, has a small value. When the internal combustion engine is in the medium temperature state (at a temperature between the low temperature state and the high temperature state, at which a shape change is caused in the master expander member), a shape change into the shape memory state is caused by a phase transformation in the master expander member which has come to have a longer peripheral length. While the pressing force of the entire expander is still dependent only on the master expander member, the pressing force produced by the tendency of the peripheral length of the master expander member becoming longer is added to the initial tension of the master expander member. As a result, the value becomes larger as compared with the pressing force in the low temperature state. When the interior of the internal combustion engine transfers to the high temperature state (to a temperature at which a shape change is caused in sub-expander member), as described above, there occurs a change in shape of the sub-expander member, causing the peripheral length of the sub-expander member to become longer, and this presses the master expander member from inside. At this point in time, the pressing force of the expander as a whole becomes equal to the sum of the pressing force of the master expander member and the pressing force of the sub-expander member after the shape change. The value of this total pressing force is larger than the pressing force in the medium temperature state.
As described above, the stress for the entire expander member can be changed in three stages by making both the master expander member and the sub-expander member from a shape memory alloy or a bimetal.
The shape, the size (thickness, diameter, etc.) and the material of the coil expander and the plate expander in the present invention are naturally the shape and size upon arrangement on the inner peripheral surface of the piston ring, and should satisfy desired tension requirements. In other words, it suffices to select a material which can display a desired tension in the high temperature and low temperature states from among known shape memory alloys and bimetals, and appropriately design and manufacture, by a commonly used method, expanders having shapes and sizes adaptable to the inner peripheral surface of the piston ring used in combination, and there is no particular limitation imposed in this respect.
The piston ring of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the piston ring of the present invention, or more particularly, is a schematic sectional view of an oil ring 10 using a coil expander 20 attached to an oil ring groove 3 provided in a cylinder 1. FIG. 1(a) illustrates the oil ring 10 in a low speed-low load state, i.e., in a low temperature state; and FIG. 1(b) illustrates the coil ring 10 in a high speed and high load state, i.e., in a high temperature state.
As shown in FIG. 1, the oil ring 10 of the present invention comprises an oil ring main body 11 and coil expander members 20, and the coil expander members 20 comprise a master expander member 21 and a sub-expander member 22 made of a shape memory alloy.
In the low temperature state, as shown in FIG. 1(a), from among the master expander member 21 and the sub-expander member 22 composing the coil expander members 20, only the master expander member 21 imparts a pressing force FM to the oil ring main body 11. Therefore, a problem of generation of an excessive friction never occurs by setting a pressing force FM of the master expander member 21 in response to the tension (FLT) which the entire piston ring is required to have in the low temperature state (i.e., FLT=FM).
In the high temperature state, as shown in FIG. 1(b), the sub-expander member 22 made of a shape memory alloy is deformed, and as a result, the sub-expander member 22 presses the master expander member 21 from the inner surface side in the diameter expanding direction under the effect of tension resulting from the increasing tendency of the peripheral length. Therefore, the pressing force imparted to the piston ring main body 11 by the expander members 20 the synthesized force (FM+FS) of the pressing force FM of the master expander member and that FS of the sub-expander member. By setting this synthesized force at a pressing force in response to the tension (FMT) that the entire piston ring is required to have in the high speed and high load state (i.e., FMT=FM+FS), the piston ring floats up under the pressure of an oil film present between the cylinder inner peripheral surface and the sliding surface of the piston ring outer periphery in the high speed and high load state, thus making it possible to prevent a sudden increase in the oil consumption.
In the piston ring 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the sub-expander member 22 is housed in the space 23 in the spiral of the master expander member 21. The present invention is not however limited to this configuration, but the master expander member 21 may be housed in the space 23 in the spiral of the sub-expander member 22.
Not only the sub-expander member 22, but also the master expander member 21 may be made of a shape memory alloy. In this case, both the master expander member 21 and the sub-expander member 22 are made of the shape memory alloy. Any of the members is therefore deformed in the diameter-expanding direction, depending upon temperature. It is desirable to set a temperature causing deformation of one of the members (for example, the master expander member 21) at a lower temperature than that for the other (for example, the sub-expander member 22).
As a result, in the low temperature state, the process is the same as in the above-mentioned case of FIG. 1(b) (the pressing force is FM). When the temperature reaches the level of medium temperature state (a temperature between the low temperature state and the high temperature state, at which the master expander member is deformed), the master expander member 21 is deformed in a direction increasing the peripheral length, and a pressing force FM′ larger than the initial tension is produced. In the high temperature state, deformation is in a direction causing the peripheral length of the sub-expander member 22 to become longer, and the pressing force for the entire expander becomes FM′+FS.
As a result, when only the sub-expander member is made of a shape memory alloy, the pressing force of the expander as a whole is any one of the two kinds including FM and MF+FS. By making the master expander member also of a shape memory alloy, in contrast, the pressing force of the entire expander is any one of the three kinds including FM, FM′ and FM+FS, this permitting smooth coping with a change in temperature.
In the expander member 20 of the piston ring 10 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, by shifting the position of the abutment 24 of the master expander member 21 by 180 from the abutment 25 of the sub-expander member 22, it is possible to treat the assembly as if it were single expandable ring. This eliminates the necessity of a connecting pin used conventionally, solves troublesome operation upon attachment, and makes it possible to automatically assemble the piston ring.
For the expander member 20 shown in FIG. 2, if resolution of only the problems upon attachment, it is not always necessary to make both the master expander member 21 and the sub-expander member 22 from a shape memory alloy, but may be manufactured from conventional materials.
[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the piston ring of the present invention, and is a schematic sectional view of an oil ring using plate expander members as expander members: FIG. 3(a) shows an oil ring 30 in the low load state, i.e., the low temperature state; and FIG. 3(b) shows the oil ring 30 in the high load state, i.e., in the high temperature state.
As shown in FIG. 3, the oil ring 30 of the present invention comprises an oil ring main body 31 and plate expander members 40. The plate expander members 40 comprise a master expander member 41 and a sub-expander member 42 made of a shape memory alloy. In the piston ring of the present invention, as described above, the expander members are not limited to coil expander members, but as shown in FIG. 3, the same advantages as in the piston ring shown in FIG. 1 are available by using two plate expander members in superposition and using one of the plate expander members as a master expander member 51 and the other as a sub-expander member 52 made of a shape memory alloy.
Even in this case, as in the above-mentioned first embodiment, it is possible to make the master expander member 51 also from a shape memory alloy, thus achieving the same effects as in the first embodiment.
The individual component parts composing the piston ring of the present invention will now be described.
The piston ring of the present invention is not limited to the oil rings described in the above-mentioned first embodiment and second embodiment, but any piston ring using expanders may be employed, and apart from the oil ring, a pressure ring is also adaptable.
The expander in the piston ring of the present invention comprises a master expander member and a sub-expander member in engagement therewith.
The master expander member composing the expander of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a conventionally known expander member is applicable. A coil expander member or a plate expander member is applicable. For the pressing force thereof, however, it is necessary to establish the following relationship with the sub-expander member, as described above. It may be made of any of the materials (a shape memory alloy and a bimetal) for the sub-expander member.
As the sub-expander member arranged in engagement with the above-mentioned master expander member, on the other hand, it is necessary to use a member exhibiting a larger change in the diametral direction caused by a change in temperature than the master expander member, i.e., a material having an increased peripheral length in the high temperature state than in the low temperature state.
As such a material, a shape memory alloy is preferable. More specifically, an Ni—Ti alloy or an Ni—Ti—Cu alloy is applicable. In this case, when it is desired to set a large change in the diametral direction between the low temperature state and the high temperature state, it is recommendable to use an Ni—Ti—Cu alloy and to set a transformation temperature within a range from 70 to 100 C, depending upon circumstances of the internal combustion engine.
A sub-expander member formed into a coil shape or a wave form may be used so that the connecting surface of the bimetal made by superposing two materials having different thermal expansion coefficients agrees with the radial direction of the piston ring.
[Advantages]
According to the piston ring of the present invention, as described above, by composing the expander of two different kinds of expander members, it is possible to cause one of the expander members (master expander member) is to serve to exert the same effect as a conventional expander, and cause the other (sub-expander member) to have a function of changing the pressing force of the master expander member playing the same role as a conventional expander by using the other member as a member causing a change in a diametral direction with temperature. As a result, it is possible to impart the most suitable oil ring tension in response to the load condition of the internal combustion engine for the oil ring as a whole.
By making the expander from two kinds of coil expander members, one of the coil expander members can play the role of a conventional connecting pin. As a result, the connecting pin used conventionally becomes unnecessary, and it is possible to eliminate the troublesome operation upon attaching, and automatically assemble the same to the piston ring groove.
1. A piston ring assembly for installation in a piston ring groove of a piston of an internal combustion engine, the piston ring assembly comprising:
a piston ring main body; and
an expander located on the inner periphery of the piston ring main body, said expander comprising: a master expander member for imparting a pressing force in an increasing diameter direction to the piston ring main body so that the piston ring slides along an inner surface of a piston ring groove; and a sub-expander member engaged with the master expander member and comprising a shape memory alloy that generates a first force in an increasing diameter direction at a first temperature and a second force in an increasing diameter direction at a second temperature, the first force and temperature being lower than the second force and temperature.
2. The piston ring assembly according to claim 1, wherein both the master expander member and the sub-expander member comprise coil expander members, wherein one of the coil expander members is located inside a spiral structure of the other coil expander member.
3. The piston ring assembly according to claim 1, wherein both the master expander member and the sub-expander member each comprise a plate-shaped structure and are concentrically located to be striker.
4. The piston ring assembly according to claim 2, wherein said temperature is in the range of −30° C. to 80° C. and said second temperature is in the range of 130° C. to 180° C.
5. The piston ring assembly according to claim 2, wherein said first force is in the range of 0 N to 15 N and said second force is first force 15 N to 25 N.
Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
3223426 December 1965 Reid
3893660 July 1975 Bush
3955823 May 11, 1976 Willem
4545369 October 8, 1985 Sato
4767123 August 30, 1988 Kiese
5265890 November 30, 1993 Balsells
5271975 December 21, 1993 Solano
5651553 July 29, 1997 Ishida et al.
5799953 September 1, 1998 Henderson
6019025 February 1, 2000 St. Amand
Foreign Patent Documents
3821193 September 1989 DE
19755425 June 1999 DE
Patent History
Filed: Mar 21, 2003
Date of Patent: Mar 1, 2005
Patent Publication Number: 20030184023
Assignee: Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd.
Inventors: Tetsuo Masuyama (Saitama), Nobuyuki Matsushima (Saitama)
Primary Examiner: Robert J. Sandy
Assistant Examiner: Vishal Patel
Attorney: Parkhurst & Wendel, L.L.P.
Application Number: 10/392,856
Current U.S. Class: Piston Ring Or Piston Ring Expander Or Seat Therefor (277/434); Having Installation, Removal Assembly, Disassembly, Or Repair Feature (277/435); Particular Piston Ring Expander (277/467); Thermal Expansion Feature (277/471); Annular Expander Nested In Annular Groove Of The Piston Ring (277/472)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Remove this filter Infectious disease: Avian influenza virus
Remove this filter Infectious disease: Avian influenza in humans
Remove this filter Public health area: Threats and outbreaks
Influenza (10)
Avian influenza virus (10)
Avian influenza in humans (10)
Zoonosis (10)
Vaccine preventable diseases (10)
Influenza in humans, avian origin (10)
Zoonotic influenza (10)
Influenza A (H9N2) (10)
Influenza in humans, swine origin (8)
Public health response (10)
Threats and outbreaks (10)
Public health threat (10)
Control campaign (10)
Outbreak (10)
Preparedness (1)
European Neighbourhood Policy countries (1)
Epidemiological update (2)
Page 1 of 1 // 10 Results found
Threats and outbreaks of zoonotic influenza diseases
Disease threats and outbreaks reports; Communicable disease threats report, Risk assessments.
Zoonotic influenza
Toolkit for investigation of cases of avian influenza
A reference document for responding to human cases of influenza A/H5N1.
Communicable disease threats reports on avian influenza viruses
The ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) is a weekly bulletin for epidemiologists and health professionals on active public health threats.
Epidemiological updates on avian influenza viruses
Situation updates on a currently evolving outbreak or a public health threat. The epidemiological updates typically contain a description of case numbers, temporal and geographic distribution, as well as age and sex distribution. It can also include information on the identified or potential risk factors and assessments.
Risk assessments on avian influenza viruses
Rapid risk/outbreaks assessment aim at supporting the countries and the European Commission in their preparedness and response to a public health threat. They provide a timely summary and risk assessment of a public health threat for EU/EEA countries related to a specific event. They also include potential options for response. As outbreaks or public health events develop, ECDC may issue updated risk assessments.
Novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus outbreak
In 2013, a novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus was detected in patients in China and cases are still being reported. No autochthonous cases have been reported outside China. Most cases are isolated, and sporadic zoonotic transmission from poultry to humans is the most likely explanation for the outbreak.
ECDC Threat Reports app - direct access to key updates and reports on disease threats of concern to the EU
Free and open access application that gives you direct access to key updates and reports on communicable disease threats of concern to the EU on your mobile device. The application is free to use and can be accessed by anyone. ECDC partners can access additional reports by logging in with their ECDC credentials.
Epidemiological update A(H7N9) influenza, 6 February 2014
Epidemiological update - 6 Feb 2014
In March 2013, Chinese authorities announced the identification of a novel reassortant A(H7N9) influenza virus in patients in eastern China. Since then, human cases have continued to be reported, and as of 7 February 2014 (Figure 1), there have been 308 laboratory-confirmed cases: Zhejiang (122), Guangdong (54), Shanghai (42), Jiangsu (36), Fujian (19), Hunan (7), Jiangxi (5), Henan (4), Anhui (4) ,Beijing (3), Shandong (2), Hebei (1), Guangxi (2), Guizhou (1), Hong Kong (4) and Taiwan (2). In addition, the virus has been detected in one asymptomatic case in Beijing.
Epidemiological update: increase in reporting of human cases of A(H5N1) influenza, Egypt, 9 April 2015
Epidemiological update - 9 Apr 2015
Epidemiological update: increase in reporting of human cases of A(H5N1) influenza, Egypt
Avian Influenza Preparedness Workshop
6 Oct 2015 - 7 Oct 2015
ECDC, Stockholm, Sweden
This workshop focused on the protection of human health during avian influenza outbreaks.


Nearly every musician has an embarrassing past. It's very rare for anybody to be in a good high school band, and most musicians have been in bands that they would rather not have anybody talk about. Sadly, with the advent of the Internet, your crappy high school band will not get lost in the dustbins of history. Like Pantera, Alice in Chains also had a glam rock past. Prior to his mega successful career as a gloom and doom hard rock/grunge front man, the late Layne "Candy" Staley sang in a Shorewood High School band called Sleze. Sleze eventually morphed into Alice 'N Chainz and recorded a demo before Layne joined up with Jerry Cantrell and his glam band, Diamond Lie, around 1987. Diamond Lie would soon change their name to Alice in Chains, ditch their glam rock image, hook up with Soundgarden's management, and eventually become one of the first Seattle "Alternative Metal" bands to sign to a major label.
Alice 'N Chainz originally formed sometime in the early eighties with Layne on vocals, Nick Pollock on guitar, Johnny Bacolas on bass, and James Bergstrom on drums. In 1986, they went to the famed London Bridge Studios and recorded their first 3-song demo tape. Produced by Timothy Branom and engineered by former Enemy drummer, Peter Barnes (check them out on Killed By 7" 1-5 or Screaming Fists vol 2), the demo features a guest horn section, took them several months to finish, and cost them around $1600. While it's rarely discussed nowadays in the post-grunge and modern day indie rock age, Seattle actually had a pretty large hard rock/metal scene in the 1980s. Metal Church, Queensryche, TKO, and Rail were the big local bands, and bands like Mistrust, Heir Apparent, Myth, Overlord, and Fifth Angel were supposed to be the Next Big Things. Alice N Chainz should then be placed in this hard rock/metal context and not in the post-punk or grunge one, and obviously, their demo sounds nothing like their later recordings.
After Layne joined Diamond Lie, former guitarist Nick Pollock started My Sister's Machine with ex-members of Mistrust and released a few records, followed by Tanks of Zen and, more recently, Soulbender. Johnny Bacolas and James Bergstrom would go to form Second Coming, who still gig and record regularly.
And according to the demo's thank you notes, if you are "Blonde, Tan, Tastey [sic], And Tight," the boyz in the band love you lots.
Oh yeah, "Over the Edge" is not the Wipers' song.


1 SEK = 6.88 RUB is the SEK to RUB conversion rate today on UTC time 08:00 AM Friday, April 19, 2019 . SEK/RUB pair has 0.1183% percent increase today, where SEK is the base currency and the RUB is the quote or counter currency in trading. The highest and lowest rate today is 6.8692 RUB and 6.8692 RUB respectively. Get more details on SEK:RUB exchange rate, percent increase or decrease, day low, day high, historical data, general comparison and other forex information for currency traders, exporters, importers, tourists, travelers & companies to forecast the performance of this currency pair. Similarly, refer the information at RUB to SEK conversion rate to forecasting the strength of RUB/SEK.
SEK/RUB conversion rate by date shows the date and day based historical data with percentage change (increase or decrease), highest and lowest rate in last 7 days, 10 days, 30 days & 3 months is the useful information for currency traders, exporters, importers, tourists, travelers & companies to forecast the strength of Swedish Krona against Russian Ruble. Click or tap on the quick filters such as last 7 days, last 10 days, last 30 days or last 3 months (January, February or March) to list the date based historical data for SEK to RUB conversion rate.
This is the general comparison between Swedish Krona to Russian Ruble to list out the general details of each currency such as what is the official currency name, currency code, currency symbol, subunit name, subunit symbol, coins, bank note denominations, country name where the currency is official, today's exchange rate for major currencies, local date, UTC time & date.
SEK & RUB currencies compared to major or most traded currencies based on today's exchange rate values on Friday, April 19, 2019 .
By using SEK to RUB conversion rate, percentage change, comparison & historical data, a tourist can get to know what is the current currency exchange rates today, a business people or companies can forecast what would be the best time period to increase the productivity and the currency traders can forecast what would be the best time to buying or selling currencies.


text:
const Formatter = require('../../formatter');

class MSSQL_Formatter extends Formatter {
  // Accepts a string or array of columns to wrap as appropriate.
  columnizeWithPrefix(prefix, target) {
    const columns = typeof target === 'string' ? [target] : target;
    let str = '',
      i = -1;
    while (++i < columns.length) {
      if (i > 0) str += ', ';
      str += prefix + this.wrap(columns[i]);
    }
    return str;
  }

  /**
   * Returns its argument with single quotes escaped, so it can be included into a single-quoted string.
   *
   * For example, it converts "has'quote" to "has''quote".
   *
   * This assumes QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON so it is only ' that need escaping,
   * never ", because " cannot be used to quote a string when that's on;
   * otherwise we'd need to be aware of whether the string is quoted with " or '.
   *
   * This assumption is consistent with the SQL Knex generates.
   * @param {string} string
   * @returns {string}
   */
  escapingStringDelimiters(string) {
    return (string || '').replace(/'/g, "''");
  }
}

module.exports = MSSQL_Formatter;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Meghan Markle's Father Has Reportedly Decided Not to Attend the Royal Wedding
Meghan Markle's father, Thomas Markle, has reportedly decided not to attend his daughter's wedding to Prince Harry this weekend. According to TMZ, Thomas made the decision after news broke this past weekend that he staged paparazzi photos of himself in the months leading up to the ceremony. The outlet says he admitted the photos look "stupid and hammy," and that he now regrets his choice to go into business with the paparazzi agency.
Thomas also reportedly told TMZ that he suffered a heart attack last week, but his health isn't the reason he's backing out of the wedding—rather, he doesn't want to cause any further embarrassment for his daughter or the royal family.
On Sunday, the Daily Mail published security video footage that appears to show Thomas, 73, teaming up with paparazzo Jeff Rayner to stage a series of photos showing Thomas getting ready for the royal wedding in various locations around Rosarito, Mexico, where he currently lives. The photos, all of which made headlines in recent months, show Thomas getting measured for a suit by a "tailor"—actually an employee at a party goods shop next door to the tailor, per the Daily Mail—reading a book about British landmarks while sitting in Starbucks, and looking at photos of his daughter and her fiancé on a computer at an internet café. Though the Daily Mail estimated that Thomas could have taken in around £100,000 (about $136,000) for the photos, TMZ reports that Thomas claims he was actually paid much less, though he declined to provide an actual figure. The report also claims Thomas has been offered between $50,000 and $100,000 to do interviews about Meghan but has declined every inquiry.
With just five days to go until the royal wedding, the question now is who will walk Markle down the aisle—if this report is true. Earlier this month, the palace confirmed via press release that Thomas would take the traditional role of escorting his daughter down the aisle at St. George's Chapel and would also arrive to London early to meet Prince Harry's family, including the queen. Perhaps Markle's mother, Doria Ragland , will take his place instead—as was rumored in the weeks after Meghan and Harry first announced their engagement.


text:
Home » Education » Pre-Professional Programs » FutureNow Stage Directing Fellowships
FutureNow Stage Directing Fellowships
The FutureNow Stage Directing Fellowship is the recently launched iteration of the prestigious Drama League Directing Fellowship, founded in 1989 as a collaboration between the Hangar Theatre in Ithaca, NY and The Drama League in New York City, with the intention of providing emerging stage directors with meaningful experiences both as directors and artistic leaders. 2022 FutureNow Stage Directing Fellowships include a new and exciting collaborative partner in TheatreWorksUSA, a NYC-based organization that creates exceptional, transformative theatrical experiences that are accessible to young and family audiences in diverse communities throughout New York City and North America.
FutureNow Stage Directing Fellowships provide opportunities for early-career stage directors to practice their craft and explore directorial leadership. While in residence at the Hangar Theatre, the Fellows direct and produce a KIDDSTUFF Series Theatre for Young Audiences (TYA) production, and a Wedge Series Project, which they pitch and conceive of themselves, in collaboration with Hangar artistic leadership. At TheaterWorksUSA, the Fellows remount a repertory production for TYA audiences that will tour nationally for the season. FutureNow Directing Fellowships offer production experience, career development, mentorship, and intimate access to the processes of major theatrical institutions.
Hangar FutureNow Performance Series
The Hangar's summer KIDDSTUFF theatre for young audiences (TYA) series features plays and musicals selected especially for young audiences (usually ages 4-9). A selection of current popular titles and reimagined classics that reflect the diversity of backgrounds and viewpoints of today's world, the Hangar values opportunities for intergenerational theatre-going experiences and is committed to producing work that encourages meaningful conversation while expressing the joy and magic of creation to our younger audiences. 2022 KIDDSTUFF productions will take place on the Hangar's Outdoor Tompkins Trust Company Stage.
The Wedge series was established in 1983 by former Hangar Theatre Artistic Director Robert Moss to showcase timely, inventive productions produced entirely by members of the Hangar Theatre's pre-professional training programs. In 2022, the Wedge series was reimagined as the FutureNow Festival. Titles are proposed and directed by FutureNow Directing Fellows, designed by Hangar Design Fellows, and cast with Hangar Lab Performance Fellows. 2022 festival productions will take place on the Hangar's Outdoor Tompkins Trust Company Stage.
Hangar FutureNow Fellowship Dates
Dates reflect current planning for 2022, and may shift slightly as programming schedules are solidified.
Hangar Residency Dates: We request that FutureNow Fellows be available to be in residence full-time from Wednesday, June 1-Saturday, August 6, 2022. While schedules allow for Fellows to engage with outside projects on their own time, it's difficult to arrange rehearsal and production calendars around outside conflicts. The Hangar production calendar includes a Tuesday-Sunday rehearsal week, primarily in the day times, not to exceed a 38-hour AEA SPT 8 contract.
Pre-production Dates: Ideally, FutureNow Fellows will begin pre-production planning after recipients are selected in March 2022. We will be meeting remotely with fellows during the months leading up to the residency, to discuss Wedge projects, schedules, and design proposals for Wedge and KIDDSTUFF. Fellows will also be included on any Mainstage meetings that are relevant to their assigned projects.
Fellowship Assignments:
Each FutureNow Fellow will direct a KIDDSTUFF production, selected by Hangar Theatre artistic staff and paired with a director based on the interests and experiences of each Fellow. KIDDSTUFF productions will be fully designed and produced, in collaboration with Hangar Design and Production Fellows.
FutureNow Fellows will pitch and direct a FutureNow Festival Project; proposals will be shared with Hangar Artistic staff before the 2022 summer residency begins. Wedge Projects will rehearse one evening/week during the first six weeks of the summer, and then transition into a daily rehearsal and tech schedule for the final two weeks of the residency. Wedge projects will focus primarily on the relationship between director and actor, and possibly playwright (if included in the proposal); design elements will be limited to the essential needs of the project.
FutureNow Fellows will receive an Assistant Directing position on a Hangar Mainstage production. These schedules will vary, and one track may be split two between Mainstage shows.
FutureNow Fellows will attend meetings with Hangar Artistic and Administrative staff throughout the summer. They will participate in conversations about 2022 summer programming from an artistic, educational, and logistical perspective.
Some responsibilities related to the production and administration of KIDDSTUFF and FutureNow shows will be assigned to FutureNow Fellows. This may include assignments related to marketing, budgeting, community engagement, front of house coordination, and other producing elements.
FutureNow Fellows may lead workshops and/or professional development conversations with the Hangar Lab Company Performance Fellows, if schedules and interests permit.
FutureNow Fellows work closely with Design and Production Fellows while rehearsing and producing KIDDSTUFF and Wedge shows.
Both series will be cast with Hangar Lab Company Performance Fellows (college-aged actors that apply and audition for the summer-long compensated fellowship program).
Fellows will work with experienced professional directors and designers during their Assistant DIrecting assignment.
Collaborations with full-time and seasonal artistic, administrative, and production staff will be established during Fellows' producing roles.
Primary to the FutureNow experience is the opportunity to learn the craft of directing by actively doing it, with meaningful mentorship–a principle that was essential to the original collaboration between the Hangar and the Drama League.
The summer residency at the Hangar provides two specific opportunities: the KIDDSTUFF show will focus on overall vision, collaborations with designers, working with actors to reach a specific audience, and developing the relationship between actors and audience. The Wedge is much more open: this can be an opportunity to explore devising, an adaptation you are passionate about, or even a new work with a playwright in conversation about the work.
The Assistant Directing assignment will provide an opportunity to experience the relationships in a rehearsal room, specifically on a full-scale musical. Witnessing and participating in these collaborations and conversations will help model best practices for communicating with designers, choreographers, musical directors, stage management, and performers.
Producing and administrative projects will provide learning opportunities specific to the leadership and programming of a mid-size nonprofit regional theatre company, and may include insights and experiences in the areas of marketing, development, budgeting, arts management, and production.
In addition, workshops and conversations relevant to current practices within the American theatre will be programmed before and during the summer, schedule-allowing. In the past, these have included discussions on identity conscious casting, TYA best practices, new play development, and devised theatre.
The Ithaca Area
Located in the Finger Lakes Region of central New York State, Ithaca has been named one of the best small towns and cities in the U.S. by The Guardian. Sitting on the southern tip of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca is home to over 100 waterfalls within 10 miles of downtown, more restaurants per capita than New York City, two major universities, and a thriving arts scene, of which the Hangar is proud to be a part of. As a Lab Company Performance Fellow, you'll experience a Finger Lakes summer like no other, living, working, and creating in and around Ithaca, NY. Company members who opt for housing will be housed in fully furnished rooms on a college campus in Tompkins County. Work-related transportation and regular trips to malls and grocery stores are provided, but Fellows that are able to bring their own cars are encouraged to do so.
Applications are being accepted through the Drama League website through December 2021. Deadline for FutureNow Fellowship applications is December 31, 2021.


HUMANS ABOUND, although in comparison with bacteria (for example) they can almost be considered a species on the way to extinction. They teem in all four corners of that little planet that designates itself Earth, so that many regions seen from on high look like colonies of Enterococcus, a condition exacerbated by the pestilential fumes and lights that pollute the night. You might suppose that I watch all the geographic regions equally (divisions in nation-states make little sense to me). But no, I mostly keep an eye on what's happening in that tatty little Italian boot that (rightly and properly) gobbled up the Papal State in the nineteenth century. Focusing in particular on a large city in the north not very far from a mountain chain famous for its rupestrian beauties. And more in particular, on that strapping blond mademoiselle (blond when not tinted purple), half skinny (on top) and half hefty (below) and intolerably sure of herself. I myself struggle to understand why.
That afternoon, the bespectacled beanpole, skipping her sacrilegious big game hunt, goes straight home. This time she cooks rice with okra, following a recipe she invents as she goes. She also makes an algae salad with capers and pickles that smell of oyster shells and the Atlantic. When she's finished she goes to the storeroom with the bayonet window that looks out on the alley of Nigerian prostitutes, takes the door off its hinges and mounts it on two sawhorses ordinarily used to hold up complex stratigraphs of clothing. Over this she throws a colorfully striped tablecloth made from a parachute, the gift of a Swiss athlete with whom she'd had three or four two–zeros.


Merck, a leading science and technology company, today announced its support of World MS Day 2018 and MS International Federation (MSIF)'s #BringingUsCloser campaign through a new campaign, #MSInsideOut, to support the multiple sclerosis (MS) community and deepen understanding of the disease.
The initiative will involve a collaboration with Shift.ms, the social network for people with MS, who will be Executive Producers on a new documentary which will feature unique perspectives from the MS community. The documentary will premiere at the 34th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) in Berlin, Germany in October.
In addition, for every use of the hashtag #MSInsideOut on Twitter until June 8, Merck will donate €1 (up to €20,000) towards MSIF's research fellowship program – to mark Merck's commitment to MS over the last two decades.
For people living with MS, a diagnosis often occurs in the prime of their lives, ages 20-40[i], and MS produces significant physical disability within 20 to 25 years in more than 30% of patients[ii]. Despite advances in MS care, a deeper understanding of the unique challenges both patients and care partners face is needed.
Last year, Merck announced the largest global MS care partner study to date in partnership with the International Alliance of Carer Organizations (IACO). Findings from previous research have shown that problems identified among care partners include anxiety, depression, insomnia and pain, along with concerns about the financial impact of MS for families[iii].
These data, which will be published at ECTRIMS in Berlin, Germany, October 10–12, 2018, further demonstrate the need for a deeper understanding of those affected by MS and their care partners.
Merck, a company celebrating its 350th anniversary in 2018, has played an important role in innovation, as well as supporting the MS community more broadly, for more than two decades. Curiosity has always been the force that drives Merck and will continue to motivate the company to apply its expertise in science and technology to achieve human progress.
In addition, today, MS in the 21st Century, a Merck-sponsored initiative, is launching a website that will support the facilitation of discussions between patients and healthcare professionals, available at www.msinthe21stcentury.com.


text:
package com.amazonaws.services.opsworks.model.transform;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import com.amazonaws.AmazonClientException;
import com.amazonaws.Request;
import com.amazonaws.DefaultRequest;
import com.amazonaws.http.HttpMethodName;
import com.amazonaws.services.opsworks.model.*;
import com.amazonaws.transform.Marshaller;
import com.amazonaws.util.BinaryUtils;
import com.amazonaws.util.StringUtils;
import com.amazonaws.util.IdempotentUtils;
import com.amazonaws.util.StringInputStream;
import com.amazonaws.util.json.*;

/**
 * DescribeInstancesRequest Marshaller
 */
public class DescribeInstancesRequestMarshaller implements
        Marshaller<Request<DescribeInstancesRequest>, DescribeInstancesRequest> {

    public Request<DescribeInstancesRequest> marshall(
            DescribeInstancesRequest describeInstancesRequest) {

        if (describeInstancesRequest == null) {
            throw new AmazonClientException(
                    "Invalid argument passed to marshall(...)");
        }

        Request<DescribeInstancesRequest> request = new DefaultRequest<DescribeInstancesRequest>(
                describeInstancesRequest, "AWSOpsWorks");
        request.addHeader("X-Amz-Target", "OpsWorks_20130218.DescribeInstances");

        request.setHttpMethod(HttpMethodName.POST);

        request.setResourcePath("");

        try {
            final StructuredJsonGenerator jsonGenerator = SdkJsonProtocolFactory
                    .createWriter(false, "1.1");

            jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();

            if (describeInstancesRequest.getStackId() != null) {
                jsonGenerator.writeFieldName("StackId").writeValue(
                        describeInstancesRequest.getStackId());
            }
            if (describeInstancesRequest.getLayerId() != null) {
                jsonGenerator.writeFieldName("LayerId").writeValue(
                        describeInstancesRequest.getLayerId());
            }

            com.amazonaws.internal.SdkInternalList<String> instanceIdsList = (com.amazonaws.internal.SdkInternalList<String>) describeInstancesRequest
                    .getInstanceIds();
            if (!instanceIdsList.isEmpty()
                    || !instanceIdsList.isAutoConstruct()) {
                jsonGenerator.writeFieldName("InstanceIds");
                jsonGenerator.writeStartArray();
                for (String instanceIdsListValue : instanceIdsList) {
                    if (instanceIdsListValue != null) {
                        jsonGenerator.writeValue(instanceIdsListValue);
                    }
                }
                jsonGenerator.writeEndArray();
            }

            jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();

            byte[] content = jsonGenerator.getBytes();
            request.setContent(new ByteArrayInputStream(content));
            request.addHeader("Content-Length",
                    Integer.toString(content.length));
            request.addHeader("Content-Type", jsonGenerator.getContentType());
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            throw new AmazonClientException(
                    "Unable to marshall request to JSON: " + t.getMessage(), t);
        }

        return request;
    }

}