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Many people write or speak to tell us what we should think. Some want to be believed because they are experts, or think they are. Some want to be believed because they claim to speak for us. Some have had revelations. Others want us to trust them because they communicate through prominent media outlets. Many tell us what we should think. I write to encourage my readers to think for themselves. I write to ask you to inquire. Question me. Have fun.
Less fight more work
The fight over Obamacare repeal is over, at least for now. The GOP can start to work on a new proposal that each of us can look at it, and then compare how my particular health care solution would play in it, as compared to Obamacare. In a television interview, HHS Secretary Tom Price said that Obamacare "may be working for Washington, it may be working for insurance companies, but it's not working for patients." Maybe it is time to consider patients' involvement in the preparation of an Obamacare alternative? It could be that Obamacare repeal failed just because it has been prepared by Washington with consultation from insurance companies. Let us start with addressing 19 health care issues that politicians avoid talking about.
How to pay for the wall?
If you want to build the wall, pay for it with your own money. How much of your own money are you willing to donate? Trump received 62,979,879 votes. If each of Trump's supporters voluntarily donates at least $1,000, which corresponds to about $42 per month for the next two years, and if we encourage those who are more affluent to double their donations, then Trump can have on hand about $100 billion, which may suffice for a substantial piece of the wall. Hence, all of you who are talking loudly about spending my money on building this wall, stay away from my wallet, but open your own wallet and send money to the "Build the Wall Fund." Put your money where your mouth is.
What is wrong with Russia?
It appears that Russian leaders cannot free themselves from the medieval concept of regional influence, where weaker neighbors were subdued into becoming serf states. Is anyone capable of explaining to them that in these times of a global economy, any influence comes from economic strength? Russia, thanks to its size, natural resources and well-educated labor force, has everything that it takes to maintain a dominant position in the region, just by maintaining free trade with all its neighbors. It can do so without military interventions in Georgia and in Ukraine. Russia has everything that it takes to be a respected wealthier neighbor, to whom everyone in the region would turn for help when needed. Instead, it is a bully and a hooligan. It would take so little to change that. But it is so hard for Russia to do it.
Closed mind for closed borders
Known to some as a libertarian, Llewellyn H. Rockwell Jr. speaks against open borders. His argument is that it is an infraction against private property. He misses the point that most people migrate just because Mr. Rockwell's neighbors want them on their private property – for picking apples, washing the dishes or writing a computer code. Then, Mr. Rockwell wrongly laments that those foreigners invited by his neighbors violate his private property rights by loitering in the public spaces that he frequents. He wants the government to deny the rights of his neighbors to do on their private property whatever they wish, so he will not need to face immigrants in the public spaces. Mr. Rockwell left the train called "liberty" at the station called "xenophobia."
They do not know…
Mr. Trump says: "A lot of what I'm doing is by instinct." I prefer that our President would make decisions based on systematic due diligence. The instinct that guides Mr. Trump in his professional life arrives from his vast experience, starting when he was growing up under the mentoring of his successful father, followed by a solid education and years of practice. Mr. Trump's confidence is misguiding, as it gives his supporters the illusion that someone who mastered real estate dealing can be equally skillful as President. It is similar to the illusion surrounding Dr. Carson, that he can be as good a President as he is a brain surgeon. If both gentlemen were humbler, they would realize that they qualify to be President equally as much as Mr. Trump qualifies to conduct brain surgeries and Dr. Carson to run Mr. Trump's real estate empire. The problem is not that they do not know many things they should; the problem is that they do not realize that.
Freedom cannot be legislated, its restriction can
Indiana voted in the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. In his WSJ piece, Gov. Mike Pence claims it was needed to protect the religious freedoms of Hoosiers. Every legislative act by its nature limits someone's freedom. The only way of increasing freedom is by identifying existing laws that curb personal liberties and then eliminating them. Hence, if Gov. Pence sees that under some circumstances, the religious freedoms of Hoosiers are not respected, he could correct the situation by eliminating laws causing this problem. We have the Bill of Rights, and it suffices. No "enhancements" are needed.
Greed-driven health care
The solution to our health care crisis is in the implementation of more market-driven mechanisms into our health care policy. This is the only way to give patients the freedom to make decisions regarding their care between them and their doctors; not having these decisions made by faceless bureaucrats. The biggest obstacle in implementing a change of this kind is in a deep public conviction that the introduction of the free market into health care will result in doctors, hospitals, the pharmaceutical industry and everybody else involved being guided by their greed, not the best interests of sick people. The biggest challenge in overturning Obamacare is not in Washington. It is in winning the argument with Americans that free-market-driven health care can serve their needs much better than the government-distributed one.
The leader of the deceived
Dear Mr. Trump, I challenge you to a duel over arguments about immigration. I am throwing the gauntlet at you because none of your competitors in the presidential race ever will. Jeb Bush co-authored a book about our immigration crisis. He acknowledged that the system is dysfunctional, but he did not dare to draw the only logical conclusion from the facts that he presented: that our immigration crisis has been caused not by foreigners but by our nonsensical immigration policy. Marco Rubio was in the group of eight trying a rational approach, but they also lacked courage to confront the problem head-on and produced a convoluted proposal that Rube Goldberg would be proud of. A few years ago, Scott Walker talked reasonably about our immigration problems. He backed off just before joining the presidential campaign.
There is a consensus among political gurus that no one can become President on any pro-immigration policy proposal. Mitt Romney, an otherwise very keen person, put aside his business acumen in forming his immigration policy concept and followed Washington insider pundits – to his demise. It is my suspicion that at least some GOP presidential contenders know that the solution to our immigration mess is not by building the wall but by scrapping most of our current ridiculous immigration laws. None of them is a leader brave enough to tell the majority of Americans that they are wrong in their views on immigration. I suspect, as well, Mr. Trump, that your knowledge of our immigration problems is very superficial. You are just one more among a majority of Americans completely misinformed and misguided about immigration. By joining the presidential race, you became the leader of the deceived.
I challenge you, Mr. Trump, that if the U.S. were a corporation that you owned, before you would spend your own money on building the wall, tripling the number of ICE officers, expanding e-verify and expelling 11 million residents (a risky task) – you would leave no stone unturned in a search for a policy solution that would achieve the same goal without all the expense and hassle. You promptly noticed that as a CEO of the U.S. you would be spending my money, not yours; hence, you eagerly jumped on a narrow-minded, but widely popular nativist concept of the immigration policy. As a stockholder in the corporation called the United States of America I call you on this choice. I demand a public debate. Let us get cameras rolling, let us have a live audience so that in front of millions of Americans, I can force you to acknowledge that if the presidential candidate Trump would apply to his immigration policy proposal the same due diligence that the businessman Trump applies every day in his business dealings, then his immigration policy proposal would be closer to my Freedom of Migration Act concept than to what you propose now.
Americans are misinformed about immigration, reaching back to the biased study commissioned by Congress in 1907, often known as the Dillingham Commission Report, published in 1911. In this report Eastern European immigrants were portrayed as a worse kind of people, similarly as you talk now about Latinos. As a result of this report, immigration restrictions started in 1917 and were sealed by the 1924 Immigration Act. This practically shut down the influx of cheap labor, which resulted in a rise of the overall costs of doing business, and crumpled mostly the construction industry, usually one of the driving forces of economic growth. American pundits try not to see this as a contributing factor leading to the Great Depression.
No one wanted to immigrate to the U.S. during the Great Depression; very few could during WWII. After that, the nonsense of the Immigration Act of 1924 became obvious, but none of the updates in 1952, 1965, 1986 and 1996 changed the logic of it, which in its essence is putting government in charge of micromanaging the labor market. The government does it as efficiently as it runs the Post Office, the Veterans Administration or the public schools. Despite that, every time when Americans noticed that the existing immigration laws do not work, instead of questioning them, the government extended its powers over immigration. In this sense your proposal, Mr. Trump, of brutal treatment of illegal immigrants is nothing but the frustration of a loser desperately wanting to do with greater determination what has not worked so far. For almost one hundred years, to be precise.
I challenge you to answer why we have 11 million illegal immigrants, not only one million and not as many as 111 million. The border is porous and practically everyone who wants to come here eventually does. We know that billions would like to come. Why did they not?
I agree with you that we have to be selective in deciding who comes and stays among us. I will ask you who should make this decision. Will the businessman Trump hire good Mexicans or those who are rapists, gang members and drug dealers? Can the presidential candidate Trump trust the businessman Trump that the foreigners he hires are desired in our country? Who can make a better hiring decision, the businessman Trump, who puts his money on the line, or an anonymous bureaucrat in Washington, instructed by – let us say – President Trump, with both of them knowing very little about your business and the applicant?
I challenge your assessment that limiting immigration is about protecting the jobs of Americans. My personal experience from hiring people supports my conclusion from reading "Coming Apart" by Charles Murray that about 20% of our workforce are people who are unemployable due to a lack of skills and a poor work ethic. We need immigrants because someone needs to work so those Americans unfit to work can get welfare. Also, we need immigrants so American businesses can quickly fill the skill gaps. This will give us momentum lifting the well-being of most Americans. You are dead wrong by not recognizing that increased immigration is the simplest and the fastest way to get us out of recession and put the country on the path to prosperity again. Your approach equals advocating for the government to implement policies protecting lazy Americans at the cost of limiting the liberties of the most industrious and entrepreneurial ones. This is pure socialism. It has never worked anywhere it was tried, and so far it does not work here to the extent it has been implemented.
I agree with you that we should respect and enforce our laws. However, our immigration law is the problem. It is as smart and as easily enforceable as Prohibition was. By the way, it was voted in by the same people and reflects the same illusions of the era that the government has the right and the duty to tell Americans what they should or should not do. It is a clear departure from the basic American value that Americans should have the freedom to pursue happiness; in particular a freedom to hire whomever they please. It causes similarly illegal behavior by otherwise honest people doing otherwise moral things. In order to have it fully enforced we would need a Soviet-style totalitarian system. Judging by your proposal, Mr. Trump, this is what you want. Goodbye, U.S.A.; welcome, S.U.A. (Soviet Union of America). If we want to keep our American values, we should not focus on enforcing a law that is unenforceable; we should focus on sending our immigration law to the trash of history where it belongs.
I share your concerns about protecting our culture. It is not beneficial if most immigrants come from one ethnic identity. However, the blame falls on Americans themselves because our immigration law practically bans legal immigration, and Latinos have an unfair advantage of crossing the border illegally. If we allow broad immigration from all over the world, Latinos will need to compete for jobs with Ukrainians, Filipinos, Ethiopians and whoever else. What language will all of them speak if they need to work on one team in New York or in Chicago?
I challenge you to acknowledge that our immigration laws were voted in by Americans, not by illegal immigrants, and only Americans are at fault for all the havoc that they caused. If you want to make America great again, you have to have the courage to tell Americans as it is, that they brought on themselves all of the miseries of illegal immigration by betraying the basic American values, by relinquishing to government their freedoms in exchange for the illusions of the security of having a job. You should remind fellow Americans what Ben Franklin said: "He who sacrifices freedom for security deserves neither."
Lastly, I want to ask for details of your deportation plan. With 11 million illegal immigrants, statistically, for every 30 people each of us knows, one is an illegal immigrant. Those are our coworkers, neighbors, friends and family members. Most of us know personally at least a few illegal immigrants. Do you want to turn all Americans into secret informers, snitching to the overwhelmingly powerful government on their friends and family members? Do you plan to ask for assistance in this task from the retired operatives of Stasi, which was recognized for mastering this kind of operation in the former East Germany? Also, just for the logistics of the deportation process the government will need to hire thousands of officers chasing, catching and expelling illegal immigrants. If, let us say, within a short time all illegal immigrants are deported, will you dismiss this new government apparatus of oppression? With the illegal immigrants gone, and no one else to blame but Americans, against whom will that apparatus of oppression be used? Was Bill O'Reilly correct that he and many other Americans speaking their minds freely might be the next to be targeted?
A version of this text was published by Huffington Post
← Freedom cannot be legislated, its restriction can They do not know… →
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I vividly remember 1969
The border wall is not the real problem
I wish us all stormy family dinners in 2019
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Chicago needs reality check
19 health care issues that politicians avoid talking about
The future will be bright … for others
Obamacare is not the problem
Immigration business
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With a hoe against the Sun
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Advice to potential Republican presidential candidates
Will it be as always?
Conservatives versus liberals
One idea, many consequences
Ukraine – the world is watching
Can Russians' seizing of Crimea be legalized?
One hundred American jobs…
What do we have government for?
Immigration impasse explained
It is editors' fault
Chatter promptly delivered
Border security, or BS for short
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I was born in 1951 in Gdansk, Poland.
Since my high school years, I have interest in politics and love for writing. During my college years, I started writing to student papers and soon became freelance author to major Polish political magazines.
In 1980 I wrote a book "Czy w Polsce może być lepiej?" ("Could it be better in Poland?" – this book is available only in Polish) analyzing major problems in Poland at the time and outlining possible solutions.
I was among those Polish political writers who by their writings contributed to the peaceful system transformation that finally took place in 1989. Since 1985, I live in the Chicago area. I went through the hard times typical of many immigrants. Working in service business, I have seen the best and the worst places, I met the poorest and the richest. I have seen and experienced America not known to most of politicians, business people, and other political writers. For eleven years, I ran my own company. Presently, I am an independent consultant.
My political writing comes out of necessity. I write when I see that the prevailing voices on the political arena are misleading or erroneous. Abstract mathematics and control theory (of complex technological processes) strongly influenced my understanding of social phenomena. In the past, my opponents rebuked my mathematical mind as cold, soulless, and inhuman. On a few occasions I was prized for my engineer's precision and logic.
I have a master's degree in electronic engineering with a specialization in mathematical machines from Politechnika Gdańska (Technical University of Gdansk).
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Copyright © 1995 - 2019 by Henryk A. Kowalczyk


The Telrad finder has become an indispensable accessory for amateur astronomers. This unit-power finder, which shows a virtual bulls-eye on the sky, helps stargazers easily navigate from bright objects to increasingly fainter objects. The Telrad has been around for decades, but few know the story - and the inventor - behind this ingenious device. In this article, longtime stargazer Lew Chilton tells how the Telrad came to be during a chance visit to an optical surplus store in Southern California, and how this device was launched into the main stream of amateur astronomy.
A finder scope is an essential piece of telescope gear used by nearly all amateur astronomers. A small, low-power optical telescope with built-in crosshairs, a finder scope allows for quick, easy location of celestial targets when attached to the main scope and made parallel to its optical axis. Optical finders have been around for almost as long as the telescope itself.
The Telrad is a different kind of device for aiming a telescope. It has been very popular with amateur astronomers since its introduction in 1978. The Telrad works on an entirely different principle, and has some distinct advantages over its optical finder scope cousin. Using a lens and light from a red LED and a glass beam splitter, the Telrad projects a nearly parallax-free, illuminated red bulls-eye into the observer's eye. When the observer looks through the glass window, the bulls-eye appears to be projected onto the sky.
The advantages of the Telrad are multifold. It shows the sky as it appears to the unaided eye. It does not magnify or invert the sky as do many optical finders. The observer's eye can be comfortably positioned well behind the Telrad window and still see the entire glowing bulls-eye pattern on the sky. The three rings composing the bulls-eye are spaced concentrically at ½, 2 and 4 degrees in apparent diameter, and they focus at infinity. This enables the observer to gauge angular distances, which aids in locating unseen celestial objects with the help of visible objects as well as with star charts.
The story of the Telrad is an interesting one, and it begins with amateur astronomer and inventor, Steve Kufeld.
Steven Brent Kufeld was born in Great Bend, Kansas in 1939 and graduated from Kansas State University in 1963 with a mechanical engineering degree. He came west in 1969 to accept a position with the McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Corp. in Long Beach, California, then purchased a home down the coast in Huntington Beach and joined the Los Angeles Astronomical Society. I met him at a Society meeting at Griffith Observatory and we soon became friends. In the following years, Steve worked for a firm in Orange County that applied optical coatings for Celestron International.
I was with Steve when he first got the idea for the Telrad. It happened in this way, to the best of my recollection. In 1977, we visited C&H Sales in Pasadena, California. C&H was a tinkerer's paradise that specialized in military and aerospace surplus electronics and optics. It advertised in a number of trade and hobby magazines, including Sky & Telescope. Do you remember those ads? It was a mecca for amateur and professional telescope-makers. The boys from nearby Cal-Tech and JPL frequented the place as often as we did. Many astrophotographers of the era acquired their war surplus Kodak, Bausch & Lomb, or Wollensak aerial camera lenses from C&H Sales.
On the day that Steve and I were walking the aisles of C&H, he stopped and picked up an olive drab-colored anti-aircraft reflex gun sight from a table and looked it over. I could almost see the wheels turning in his head. He purchased it and took it home where he disassembled and studied it. Within a month or two, he had drafted, bread boarded and produced a prototype that incorporated its zero-power, parallax-free projected bulls-eye principle. And thus was born the Telrad, although it didn't have a name at first. That happened a few weeks later.
One evening, over the phone, Steve asked me for ideas for a name, but I couldn't think of one. By the next time I talked to him, he had thought one up. It was based on the acronym for TELescope Reflex Aiming Device: TELRAD.
The early Telrads were made of numerous epoxy parts cast in individual rubber molds, then tediously hand glued together. In about 1981, my future wife and I visited him on Betty Drive in Huntington Beach and watched him assembling and painting Telrads in his home workshop. It was a very labor-intensive, tedious, and time-consuming affair.
The singlet lenses used to project the 3-ring bulls-eye pattern were purchased from Edmund Scientific and the little beam splitter windows used to divert part of the illuminated image into the observer's eye were cut from large single-pane sheets of float glass purchased in bulk from the local home improvement center. Steve produced the bulls-eyes photographically. I don't remember where the LEDs or other components came from, but it was industrial designer and telescope maker Norman James who created the artwork for Steve's magazine advertisements and product brochure.
By the 1980s, Steve could no longer keep up with the growing demand for his Telrad, so he streamlined production by investing in costly plastic injection molds, which greatly reduced the number of parts and assembly time. His Telrad became so popular and versatile that it found its way into professional astronomy and the entertainment industry. A number of big research telescopes use Telrads so that astronomers can visually see where their instruments are pointed. The entertainment industry uses them so that klieg lights can be accurately pointed before they are turned on.
Each year, Steve set up a booth with other vendors at the Riverside Telescope Makers Conference in Big Bear, California, where he displayed a giant working model of his Telrad. The Telrad proved so popular that he was eventually able to quit his day job and devote all his time to its manufacture and sales. He always maintained a policy of repairing or replacing any damaged or defective Telrad at no cost to its owner.
In 1993, Steve moved his residence and manufacturing operation from Huntington Beach to Pine Mountain Club in Kern County, California. After his untimely death in 1997, his family sold the business to Pine Mountain Club residents Rhonda Cummings, who at the time was working for Telrad as an assembler, and her husband, Wes. They have moved the business to Fallon, Nevada where they continue to make the Telrad Reflex Sight.
If Steve were alive today, I doubt he'd make any major changes to his original design because of the prohibitively high cost of new injection molds. The originals were made for him in South Korea at a cost of $30,000+. Think of what they'd cost today!
The Telrad never made Steve rich, but it allowed him to be his own boss and spend more time indulging in the many facets of his hobby. His death was a great loss to his friends and amateur astronomy, but each time I see a Telrad at a star party or listed on a telescope classifieds website, I think of him and smile.
Lewis Chilton has been hooked on astronomy since 1955 when he unsuccessfully attempted to observe Comet Mrkos. He acquired his first telescope two years later and attended his first star party a year after that.
Lew joined the Los Angeles Astronomical Society in 1961 and subsequently held various posts and positions, including telescope making instructor and president. Of the many hats he wore, he most enjoyed being the Society's historian, which earned him membership in the History of Astronomy Society. Over the years, he has done historical research for a number of astronomy magazine writers and book authors.
Following a 4-year stint in the Air Force, Lew worked as a physical metrologist in North American Aviation's Apollo program where he met several Apollo astronauts. He returned to school on the G.I. Bill to earn a degree in geography. During his college years, he worked as a telescope demonstrator, darkroom technician and planetarium guide at the Griffith Observatory in Hollywood, California. After graduation, he spent the next 31 years with the Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Dept. of Defense. Following his retirement in 2005, he has pursued his hobbies of astronomy, photography and genealogy from his home in Southern California.
Article and Images © Lewis Chilton and AstronomyConnect.com, 2015. All rights reserved.
larrygeary, Auriga, gustavo_sanchez and 6 others like this.
Our telescope aesthetics are probably very similar, but I decided, what the hey, I'm gonna mount my big, clunky, ugly Telrad atop my smooth, sleek, fashionable, off-white Tak tube assembly. After all, black is beautiful.
Great read and wonderful story. Steve nailed it with the Telrad. While I cant quite bring myself to attach one to a refractor there have been times I wish there was one. These always find a place on My Cave and other reflectors.
Thanks for the nice comments, guys. I'm looking for a very early Telrad, the one made from individual epoxy parts. If you run across one, please let me know. The epoxy ones were all made in Huntington Beach, Calif. I wonder how well they've held up over time.
Nice article Lew. I've owned mine for most of my amateur astronomy career. Without them we would be blinding pilots with lasers and, well, going to jail!
I have two Telrads I purchased in the mid-80's and they're still working as great today as ever. I really enjoyed this story, Lewis. Thank you for sharing this with us!
I appreciate the kind words, Harry. Thanks!
Beautiful story Lewis. I have been using the Telrad for as long as I've been doing astronomy and I knew absolutely nothing about the man behind this product or how this came to be. Thank you for sharing this with all of us.


For the first time in 2016 the Bulldogs are set to take the field without star fullback Will Hopoate, who will miss Sunday's game against the Tigers – and the next two matches – on religious grounds.
Hopoate has settled into his new club with ease, scoring six tries through the opening nine rounds, running for 1,289 metres and producing a competition-high six try saves.
The man replacing him - Sam Perrett – is no stranger to the role having donned the No.1 jersey 66 times in his NRL career including the 2014 grand final loss to South Sydney.
The form of the Bulldogs veteran mightn't have reached the dizzying heights of the man he is set to replace, but Perrett's 2016 numbers are nothing to be sneezed at. The incumbent No.1 is level with Hopoate on six tries and leads the club with seven line breaks.
The 30-year-old filled in at the back nine times last year with Brett Morris away on State of Origin duty or out through injury and is looking forward to the challenge that awaits him this weekend.
"It's going to be pretty familiar to me. I guess I'll just run a little bit of rust out at training," Perrett said.
"It's always comfortable being on the wing but it'll be good to get in the mix a lot more and get the hands on the ball.
"I love playing anywhere on the field. Those are the two positions I've played my whole career so I'm comfortable either or.
"I've been happy with how I've been going. There's a big task and a lot of work to do so I'll just be focussing as hard as I can to do my best."
Bulldogs rookie Kerrod Holland said Hopoate's absence would be a blow but backed his right-edge partner to handle the pressure at the back.
The seemingly unflappable centre has grown used to having Perrett on his outside and said he would miss having the Kiwis international's encouraging words in his ear.
"He talks to me a lot during the game and before the game to settle you down. He's been a big influence on me," Holland said.
"He's been great for me and he's been playing so well so it makes my job a hell of a lot easier. I'll just go out and do my job and Sammy will do his job for the team so it'll be all good.
"Hop's been outstanding with his form this year and it's something that we've just got to pick up. As a team we'll have to be better because he's definitely been one our best players."
Five-eighth Josh Reynolds has played plenty of football with Perrett over the years and said there would be no risk of him faltering in his first game at the back since Round 26 last year.
"Sam has been our fullback in and out for the last two years and for me as a half, it doesn't change too much," Reynolds said.
"Our fullback role here you just have to pop up and support a fair bit. Will has been doing that and Sam is great at it too.
"Not much fazes Sammy. He's come in this week and he's getting used to a bit of everything but you can tell it's not worrying him. He'll have some tough carries and I'm sure he'll set something up so I'm sure he'll be fine."
State of Origin centre Josh Morris said the onus was on the back five to pick up the slack against the Tigers and was confident Perrett would handle the switch to fullback.
"Will has probably been our best player over the first nine rounds so he is a big loss. It's blokes like me and a couple of the other outside backs who'll have to increase their work rate to make sure he's not too much of a loss," Morris said.
"He (Perrett) is Mr Consistent and he's done the job there before for us. We've got all the confidence in Sam of doing that job."
Morris revealed that his twin brother Brett – the side's first-choice fullback – was tracking well as he recovers from a knee injury that has prevented him from playing in 2016.
"He's actually running and he's looking really good," he explained.
"He just wants to get back on the field with the boys and get back in the blue and white and play some good footy. He's been in the rehab room since November and he probably doesn't know what a football looks like at the moment.
"In terms of time frame I'm not too sure. He's keeping it close to his chest but hopefully we see him in the not too distant future. I think he's a lot happier with the way he's progressing this time around so that's definitely a positive."


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Memory, in its broadest sense, refers to an individual's ability to retain learned information. The formation of memory traces is a complex task which all organisms appear to be able to do. Fundamentally, such an ability requires a series of distinct steps: Information must be encoded as meaningful associations are assessed, the resulting information must be recorded in some form, and the memory record must be retrieved when needed.
As humans exhibit little conscious awareness of mental processes, such as memory, these were long considered inaccessible to objective, scientific study. Inferences about the course of encoding, consolidation and storage of memory thus mostly rely on indirect methods such as testing for retrieval abilities.
Consolidation of memory appears to involve independent paths at different time frames. Such evidence derives from the existence of different critical time frames for its formation, and its susceptibility to disruption with different pharmacological tools.
Subjects are able to report great detail about a complex stimulus immediately following its presentation. This ability forms within a few tens of milliseconds and decays again rapidly within a few hundred milliseconds.
Short-term memory allows the recall of something from several seconds to as long as a minute. Its strength does appear to depend primarily on attention and not rehearsal. It is thus highly vulnerable to disruption when attention shifts elsewhere. The amount of information that can be held is on the order of 4-6 numbers. This amount can be boosted by grouping them into distinct chunks as for telephone numbers (e.g., 202-456-1414).
The ability to recall such information is contingent on transient patterns of neuronal activity in regions of the frontal and the parietal lobe.
This type of memory, lasting hours to months, critically depends on a transfer of the information from short term memory using repeated rehearsal.
The hippocampus appears to be an essential structure in such routing. Sleep is thought to improve the consolidation of information, possibly by hippocampal replaying of activity from the previous wake period. Electrical activation of hippocampal circuits reportedly are linked to feelings of Deja Vu.
Declarative memory refers to the ability to become conscious of, or declare, facts and experiences. It is also referred to as Explicit memory, when it involves direct recalling information that had been obtained from the external world. Representing knowledge of standard textbook material or events, it is best formed by actively recalling the material in spaced intervals. Compared to other forms or memory it is more volatile; more easily formed and more easily forgotten.
The primary neural basis appears to reside in the medial temporal lobe. Bilateral damage to this area results in anterograde amnesia, as in the famous case of the anonymous memory-impaired patient HM. A surgical procedure for epilepsy left him with damage to his brain in the medial temporal lobe on both sides. the hippocampal formation, parahippocampal gyrus, the entorhinal cortex, and the amygdala. He subsequently suffered from severe anterograde amnesia, where transfer of new events into long-term memory was impaired. He was unable to recall events once his attention had focused elsewhere.
Striatum, basal ganglia, Deficits can be assessed using a serial reaction time (SRT) task, backwards reading, mirror drawing, probabilistic classification, artificial grammar learning, or prototype abstraction.
Emotional Responses with Fear conditioning involves an organism's ability to acquire fear responses to a previously neutral stimulus. This occurs when it becomes paired with an aversive stimulus, such as a shock or loud noise. James Wattson's Little Albert experiment illustrated that children learned fear of objects when encounters with them where paired with loud noises.
Priming refers to a context-dependent activations of clusters of neocortical neurons. As they become more activated, they are more likely to come into consciousness.
Even reflex pathways are capable of surprising plasticity. For example, circuits that control motor patterns for walking will be subjected to optimization with sensory input.
Patient HM suffered severe memory impairment following bilateral damage to his medial temporal lobes, hippocampal formation, parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala. His short-term memory remained intact, he was able to largely recall past events, and his ability to learn new motor skills was not disrupted. However, he suffered from severe anterograde amnesia, i.e., the ability to commit new events to long-term memory.
Memory mechainsms critically depend on changes in synaptic functioning. Hebb Synapses and their role in classical conditioning. If a synapse succeeds at driving a postsynaptic neuron above threshold, its subsequent effectiveness is strengthened.
Long-term potentiation is based on changes in neural signals which will potentiate a neural response for 1–2 weeks. potentiation involves increased release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.
During habituation, repeated stimulation of a sensory neuron leads to a smaller activation of the postsynaptic motor neuron. The primary cause for this is a progressive reduction of Ca++ inflow into the presynaptic terminal, decreased transmitter release, and a smaller activation of the postsynaptic target. In sensitization as a result of electrical head shock, release of serotonin activates second messenger systems and phosphorylation of key target molecules. Long-Term Memory depends on new protein synthesis and the formation of new synaptic connections.


I know I don't often shoot pictures of myself, but since I got the new baby camera in, I've been meaning to make more videos, and possibly shoot more pictures of myself, especially now since I got the remote in from amazon. Sorry for the lack of makeup. It's been extremely hot over here in SoCal, so that means that a lot of the times, if I know I'm not going to be in an aircon area, I will opt out of wearing makeup.
How do you guys like the maxi skirt? I personally love it. Just throw on a simple T-shirt, that I stole from my brother, and I'm all set for a day out! Thanks to Shelley for sending me the skirt! If you get a chance, please check out Shelley's social media links! She's a self made woman, and we all need a little more of that in our lives don't we?
Now time for the giveaway! Enter to win a maxi skirt from VaultLifeStyle! This giveaway is open to US residents only.
Love the maxi skirt with the tee!!
I dont owe one but i would love to have one in the color teal.
It is great to see you! And yep a maxi is a perfect go to for summer. Oh yeah makeup when it is hot and humid is tough to pull off.
I only own one maxi skirt but i really don't like it. I would love a black one. My email address is perezashley60@hotmail.com.
Always love a great maxi skirt and those sandals that are peeking out are pretty great too!
I don't have any but I'd love a black maxi skirt.
I don't own any but would love to!!
I own a few and I would love some more! I love to wear them in the spring and fall or a cool night out in the summer!
I don't have any but I would love a few in prints/black! Thanks so much for the giveaway!
I don't, but I want some!
I don't own any maxi skirts but would love to - they look very comfortable and stylish! I'd probably choose a black one because you can pretty much pair it with anything.
I don't own any but it's a style I've always wanted to try! I really want a charcoal gray maxi skirt!
i dont own any yet. i really want a red, mint or coral colored.


Thailand is the third country I'm testing KnowRoaming in. Frankly I wasn't expecting any surprise since I understand how they work now. I did a quick test in Siam Paragon, a huge mall in Bangkok, so I don't think there's any reason for the coverage and connectivity to be bad.
This is the test with KnowRoaming. The speed might look good but the latency is still bad.
The test with SingTel data roaming is significantly better. The latency is only 83ms. On mobile, I would say this is pretty remarkable.
Now KnowRoaming might be better in some country. I don't know. But my experience in Japan was totally wrecked. I had problems getting my Uber, had problems loading Google map. For someone travelling, I think these are the bare essentials. I don't know how it's like for other SIM card sticker vendors. But if they are using the same strategy of using services with lower QOS, then I think I will stick to my MIFI or data roaming from my telco.


Eating is one activity that we would never forget. After all, there is always a reminder from your body when you forget to eat, so it's impossible to skip it.
Your stomach gets hungry, your concentration slips and you feel your energy is depleted.
Sadly, even if it's impossible to forget eating, it is rather easy to forget what kind of food we should eat.
The message from your body about this is subtle, so you don't really notice. As long as you're hungry no more, then everything is fine.
Actually, no, when you don't watch what kind of food you eat. If you don't have enough nutrients in your body, your body will protest it, because you eat too many low-nutrient food, you will feel lethargic, depleted of energy or low mood.
When you eat unbalanced food, you are at risk to develop some sickness like obesity or diabetes.
So, what food do you need to eat? Is there any kind of eating you should follow?
The answer is yes there is. It is called healthy eating.
In this article, you will learn about healthy eating, why you should develop the habit of eating healthy, and how you can start healthy eating habit.
In simple words, healthy eating can be translated into eating food that contains the required nutrients for the body to function properly.
To function properly, the nutrients absorbed by the body must be enough and balanced.
To ensure that the nutrient is enough and balanced, one has to eat regularly, with meals consisted of food that contains nutrients, with the proportionate portion.
Your body needs to have three meals a day, in the morning, noon, and evening. At each time, the digestive system secretes acid to the stomach to help digest food into nutrients that the body can absorb.
Skipping one of those mealtimes may result in insufficient nutrients, which will make you feel tired, lethargic or faint.
Skipping too many mealtimes in a long term can even result to digestive symptoms, such as ulcer.
Your body also requires various kinds of nutrients. They are carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin and various nutrients.
Not every food contains all of these nutrients. One food is rich in carbohydrate but lacks vitamin. The other is rich in proteins but devoid of any fibre.
So, to ensure your body gets all the nutrients it needs, you will need to understand what nutrients a food contains and eat various types of food.
Lastly, your body will need the nutrients in the right amount. It means, it can't be too little and it can't be too much as well. You will need to make the amount of food you eat proportionate to your body weight.
What are carbohydrates, protein and fats?
The three of them are the most famous nutrients. Each has a different function for the body, and you will need to replenish them daily.
It is needed as the source of energy. You can get carbohydrate in bread, rice, flour, and potato.
Lacking carbohydrate will make you feel tired and lethargic, as your body doesn't have a fuel to keep its function running.
However, too much of carbohydrates means there are excessive energy in your body, more than you can spend.
As a result, your body saves this fuel in the form of fat inside your body. If you let this happen overtime, you will get disproportionately fat or worse, obese.
It is the tissue builder of your body. Your body consists of various organs and each organ consists of thousands of cells.
A certain amount of cells dies every day, so your body needs to create new cells. Protein is the main component of these new cells.
So, when you lack protein, your body will get some difficulty replacing the dying cells. These can cause some symptoms like muscle loss, severe weight loss, fatigue and anemia.
Psychological problem such as depression and anxiety can be derived from lacks of protein as well.
Meanwhile, if you eat too much protein, your body will have more amino acid than it needs to renew its cells. The amino acid will be excreted, which can burden your kidneys.
People often perceive fats in negative way. It is often associated with stroke, hypertension and other fatal illness.
However, fat also has its own role in the body. Fat becomes the medium that helps vitamin B and vitamin C to be absorbable to the body. It is also a source of energy beside carbohydrates.
However, it is true that too much of fat can be dangerous for the body. When you consume too much fat, especially saturated fat, your body will save it under the skin.
Too much of them and they will press into your blood vessels; make them narrower than they should. In severe case, they even make the blood vessels completely sealed. This is sometimes what causes stroke.
Eating routinely is not hard. As we've explained it above, you will feel hungry when your body needs food. It gets hungry and you will feel tired and fatigued. Usually, you will get hungry in the morning, noon, and evening.
However, sometimes you don't get hungry at those certain mealtimes. When this happens, you will need to keep the routine going.
Prepare a ready to eat breakfast such as overnight oat.
Pack lunch, so if it is really necessary, you can eat on your desk.
At weekend, make a week worth of food and freeze them. Then, during the weekdays all you need to do is thaw them.
We've covered the important nutrients earlier: carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin etc. So, at any given meal, you need to eat various foods that contain those important nutrients.
Typically, you will need to have carbohydrates (rice, bread, potato, etc), protein (egg, meat, tofu, tempeh), fat (oil, meat), vitamin (fruits and vegetables) and minerals (vegetables).
There is an easy trick to make sure your plate is balanced, as well as well-portioned. Take a plate and fill half of it with minerals. Fill ¾ of the other half with carbohydrates, and the rest with proteins. Complete the meal with a glass of milk or a cup of yogurt.
Everybody needs different amount of nutrients, depending on their body mass, age, gender, level of activities and other physical conditions.
Typically, adult male with low level of activities will require 2.600-2.700 calories for a day.
Meanwhile, adult female with same level of activities will need 2.000-2.100 calories for a day.
To watch your calorie intake; check it when you buy a meal, you can check how many calories it contains – packaged food usually have its nutrition value in the packaging and sometimes restaurant have it on their bill.
If it is not available, you can search the typical calorie in a menu from the internet.
Here are tips to help you remember how much to eat.A portion of balanced, real, whole food usually contains around 600-900 calories. It means three mealtimes a day is enough to sustain your diet.
Don't take second portion unless you've skipped a mealtime previously.
A portion of balanced meal will have fruit and vegetables, grains, meats or plant-based proteins and milk or similar alternatives like yogurt.
This is a basic guide to healthy eating. Share your views, if we have missed something.


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Can I get you another glass of wine? New questions will be asked and new debates will unfold. She says she did nothing illegal. What kind of fruit do you want? She looks at herself all day in the mirror. He's gone to the shops. Samuel sensed that things might be getting dangerous. Laurel and I were neighbors. He does not need to eat, he is just greedy. Christofer doesn't plan to go to Avery's concert.
He's so good looking! Now let's get some sleep. I bought two video tapes for the new VCR. They chatted about the weather. You have made a promise. Lui was in total shock. You should have completed it long ago. Here come some more people. Spring returned. Suddenly, a man stepped in front of them.
This catterpillar will turn into a beautiful butterfly. I used to play with dolls a lot when I was a little girl. I know what they mean. I opened an eye. Jesse knew something was wrong. What's the difference between regular mail and certified mail? I'm pretty sure this is a mistake. I was unable to prevent this. I feel really great. I'm a restaurant manager.
10% of the inhabitants come from Japan. She has no brothers. Tricia felt embarrassed. I'm going to Izu over the weekend. English has now become the common language of several nations in the world. Let's shake hands. I love you so much today too. Luna is a reliable person. I'm seriously annoyed with him. Be sure to turn off the light when you leave the room.
Johnny took good care of you. Lorraine looked out of the window at the snow falling. Let's go and find him. He was as good a man as I had thought. I don't know what more I can do to help. Peter and Eve make a lovely couple. After dinner, I did my homework. This is your final warning. Judy is fond of dancing. The surgeon removed the wrong organ.
"Well, I guess I'm going to get a driver's license," he answered. Swimming is not allowed in this river. Jordan passed a five euro note to his daughter, Avery, and said "buy whatever you'd like with this." Petroleum priced coal out of the energy market in Japan. I lay on my bed. Sjaak pretended he didn't see Harold. This ink is the best. This is my life. Basing your film on a true story means you don't have to do as much coming up with stuff. My dad owns a lot of books.
I feel blessed. Can you figure out this problem? I definitely want to do that. There are no live animals in the museum. My uncle made a fortune. Shut the window to prevent catching a cold. "Do you like costumes?" "I love costumes!" Can you give us any advice? I'm looking for Fritz Jackson's office. Do you want to leave it like that?
My problem is other people know you're the one who's paying my bills. What time did they leave? The doctors say the dying man should have kicked the bucket hours ago, were he an ordinary man, but he is still defying death. You were right, Jean-Christophe. Jerrie likes to fix things. Betty's Esperanto is really great. The students went at their work as the examinations approached. Let's take a rest in the garden instead of indoors. I need your clothes and bike. I'm not disconnecting their printers.
She awoke in the middle of the night. Rolf isn't listening. Raja will probably be home soon. Here are large amount of minor mistakes and tiny misunderstandings that distort the meaning of the original sentence. She didn't want to go out anyway. We wanted to give Marie one more chance. What a stupid idea! The test was easy. Don't just stand there. Come over here and help me. Was he a paratrooper?
I think I know who stole your watch. Is there anyone else? Can't we tell them? They often heard him speak ill of others. Rest time's over! Tell me what your problem is. Love is a game in which one always cheats. He rested his chin on his hands. I cannot park my car in this neighborhood. There are a lot of thieves here. You must've been dreaming.


text:
Home/News/Trump said there was no objections to France's supply of medical supplies to Iran
Foreign NewsNews
Trump said there was no objections to France's supply of medical supplies to Iran
The US will not prevent France from supplying medical supplies to Iran. This was stated by President Donald trump at a briefing at the White house on Wednesday, April 8.
According to him, this issue does not concern him. He did not cover this topic in detail.
A few weeks ago, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called on G20 leaders to lift sanctions over the spread of the coronavirus. According to him, these restrictions prevent the delivery of medicines, food and basic necessities.
On March 26, EU representative for foreign Affairs and security policy Josep Borrel, addressing the G7 partners, pointed out the importance of effective measures against coronavirus. According to him, it is necessary to increase assistance to the Iranian people as a priority, but humanitarian aid and medical services go beyond the scope of sanctions.
On April 7, the US state Department called the demands made in Iran to ease sanctions against Tehran due to the coronavirus pandemic a clever campaign of influence. The American authorities believe that in the current situation, the Iranian government will direct all financial flows not to fight the coronavirus infection, but to help terrorist organizations.
On April 6, a group of 24 former senior diplomats and military officials called on US President Donald trump to ease anti-Iranian sanctions over the coronavirus pandemic.
On March 16, the Russian foreign Ministry called on the United States to stop deliberately interfering with Iran's fight against coronavirus and immediately lift sanctions. Moscow pointed out that against the background of the large-scale spread of the virus in the Islamic Republic, it is not the time to settle geopolitical scores for the sake of satisfying their own ambitions. The foreign Ministry noted that Washington's anti-human policy is deeply regrettable and disturbing.
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes the infectious disease COVID-19, began in late December last year in Wuhan, China.
According to Worldometer on April 9, more than 64.5 thousand cases of coronavirus infection were recorded in Iran, and 3.9 thousand patients died.
Russia develop a testing kit for coronavirus with the result in 40 minutes
Seven kidnapped Russian sailors released in Nigeria
Anthony Joshua, Tyson Fury heavyweight title bout sealed
Moscow mayor's office warns about the spread of coronavirus by children
Nigeria's revenue-to-GDP ratio lowest in the World – World Bank
COVID-19: another postponement of the second round of municipal elections
Trump thanks himself for suppressing protests in Washington

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Shooting crews and event managers often look out for sample agreements that can fulfil the needs of a Short-term rental agreement. It is important to understand that short-term rental agreements are expensive agreements and this is why it is important to follow a set format when it comes to financial clauses. They should be watertight in every aspect. You can also see Lease Agreement Template.
It is advisable to follow a strict example, where certain things are covered. For instance, most of the property owners want their property neat and clean when you will return it to them. In the similar fashion, they want to cover the damage that a shooting or a wedding can cast upon the location. You can also see Agreement Template.
There are three commonly known types of Short-term rental agreement. These types vary with the file formats they are downloaded in. these types include. You may also check out Free Rental Agreement Templates.
These are templates which are design for those people who are looking forward to lease their property from a short while. Most of the pdf format templates are not customizable. You may also see Rental Agreement Form Templates.
Equipment rental agreement samples that come in these two formats are those prepared with graphical content on them the content can be easily replaced with the users favourite.
Short-rental agreement template is used by the landlords to make an agreement with the tenant. The templates help the landlord to save time and ensure that the user has read all the terms and agreed. The rental lease helps both parties the tenant and the landlord to avoid chaos and set the rules straight. You may also see Rental Lease Agreement Templates.
Creating a short-term rental agreement can be quite confusing if you are not familiar with such an agreement. Writing one can be made easier by downloading a template from online sources customize it and later print it and there you will have a ready to use short term rental agreement. You may also check out Word Rental Agreement Templates.
You need to make sure that the tenants provide the actual information about themselves. You should ask them for their documents like their identity cards.
Do not forget to check and re-check the agreement before finalizing.
Do not miss out on the important points while drafting the agreement.
Use simple language that is easily understandable.
Mention the date on which the best rental agreement is going to be signed.
Address of both the owner and tenant should be mentioned clearly.
Mention the account number on which the rent will be paid.


If you can't get your door unlocked, the problem may not be the lock itself. Here we review four common problems that keep a door from opening, but which aren't caused by the lock.
Sometimes keys can break off in the lock. This is a bigger risk with older keys which have experienced a lot of wear over the years the lock. In this case, the problem is the key and the lock is probably still intact. It's important to remove the piece of broken key because it will inhibit you from locking or unlocking the door. Plus, it could cause damage to the lock.
If a sufficient amount of the key is protruding from the lock, you should be able to pull out the broken part with the help of needle nose pliers. Unfortunately, it's unlikely that you will successfully remove the broken key if it's hidden inside the keyhole. With some spray lubricant and a broken key extraction tool, you could try to pry the piece out. To avoid damaging the lock, however, it's best to call a locksmith.
In the summer, you may have noticed that your door gets sticky or the lock jams. This problem is due to heat and usually only affects the exterior doors of a building. Rising temperatures can make a door or the door frame expand. Just a few fractions of an inch can be enough to cause misalignment and block the locking mechanism. The heat may also make it more difficult to open or close the door itself. This can be a more serious security issue if it keeps the door from latching properly or the deadbolt from sliding into the strike plate.
If this is an ongoing problem at your home or business, we recommend replacing the door and frame with a different material. Wooden structures tend to expand with increasing heat and humidity during the summer. Other materials, like aluminum or steel, will be less likely to show signs of thermal expansion.
Smart locks are the latest technology to make big changes in the hardware industry. They are convenient for a number of reasons. Using smart locks, you can set up a keyless entry system at your home or office. This provides a report of who enters and exit the building and the relative timestamp. Plus, you can unlock the door remotely from anywhere using a simple app on your smartphone.
Review the owner's manual for your particular smart lock as features vary between different brands and models. On most smart lock devices, a red flashing light will notify you when the batteries are low. You should also receive an alert from the smart lock app. It's easy to prevent this problem, simply charge or replace the batteries when it's time.
Unlocking a door with a smart lock when the batteries are dead is a more difficult problem to resolve. Again, you should check the owner's manual before you encounter this type of problem so that you know exactly what to do. Every smart lock model should come with a standard key in case of emergencies. By inserting the key into the keyhole, you should be able to override the keyless system and unlock the door.
Following a winter storm or freezing rain, you may have the unlucky experience of finding your car or house door lock frozen. Being left out in the cold is never fun. But this problem is caused by nature, not your door lock. To avoid this problem, we recommend oiling your locks before the first frost of the winter. This will help the mechanical parts of the lock to move properly even in cold weather.
In order to open a frozen lock, there are three tricks you can try. First, you could try heating the key with boiling water or a heat gun. This may be a long process as you will have to continue applying heat to melt away layers of ice. Also, note that you will need gloves to protect your hands. Second, spraying de-icer into the lock should melt the ice rather quickly. You can find cans of this product at your local hardware store. Third, if you have an extension cord and a hairdryer, you can try to melt the ice from the lock.
At Great Valley Lockshop, we're happy to answer any questions you have about lock problems, smart locks and keyless entry systems. If you're in a jam, our experienced locksmiths provide quick assistance. Contact Great Valley at (610) 644-5334 to schedule services or request a free estimate online.


Situated in our top paddock overlooking the Exe Valley we have three fully-equipped luxury safari tents – Oak, Maple and Birch. A former farm but we now share our five acres of land with some award-winning sheep and chirpy chickens.
Valleyside Escapes is a hidden gem, instantly relaxing, panoramic valley views, nature on the doorstep but close enough to civilisation - a perfect escape to the country.
Each tent has hot running water, electricity and Wi-Fi connectivity. They are beautifully decorated and provide all the home comforts you need.
The best spot is probably a drink on the veranda overlooking the picturesque Exe Valley and you can even see a vineyard!
On our doorstop we have the Fisherman's Cot pub and Bickleigh Mill within a 5 minute walk and other restaurants and pubs a short drive away.
Within an hour you can also reach both national parks and award-winning sandy beaches on both the north and south coasts of Devon.


text:
Q: Connection refused: no further information when making a request in ktor  suspend fun callback(code: String, baseRoute: String): String {
        val body = Parameters.build {
            append("code", code);
            append("redirect_uri", baseRoute + REDIRECT);
            append("grant_type", "authorization_code");
        }

        println(body.toString())
        val response: HttpResponse = client.post("${BASE_URL}/api/token") {
//            contentType(ContentType.Application.FormUrlEncoded)
            headers {
                append("Authorization", "Basic ${encodedClientCredentials()}")
            }
            setBody(FormDataContent(body))
        }
        return response.toString();
    }

Routing:
        get("/token") {
            val baseRoute = call.request.headers["baseRoute"];
            val code = call.request.headers["code"];
            if (baseRoute == null || code == null) {
                call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Error");
            } else {
                call.respondText(api.callback(code, baseRoute));

            }
        }

when I make a request to /token I'm getting

[eventLoopGroupProxy-4-1] DEBUG ktor.application - Unhandled: GET - /token. Exception class java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: no further information]
java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: no further information

The callback method makes a request to Spotify API to get a token. Any idea why this is happening ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Neurigona cinereicollis är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Wulp 1888.  Neurigona cinereicollis ingår i släktet Neurigona och familjen styltflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Styltflugor
cinereicollis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
For the Jupiter category
Twelve new moons orbiting Jupiter have been found!!
Twelve new moons orbiting Jupiter have been found—11 "normal" outer moons, and one that they're calling an "oddball." This brings Jupiter's total number of known moons to a whopping 79—the most of any planet in our Solar System.
A team led by Carnegie's Scott S. Sheppard first spotted the moons in the spring of 2017 while they were looking for very distant Solar System objects as part of the hunt for a possible massive planet far beyond Pluto.
In 2014, this same team found the object with the most-distant known orbit in our Solar System and was the first to realize that an unknown massive planet at the fringes of our Solar System, far beyond Pluto, could explain the similarity of the orbits of several small extremely distant objects. This putative planet is now sometimes popularly called Planet X or Planet Nine. University of Hawaii's Dave Tholen and Northern Arizona University's Chad Trujillo are also part of the planet search team.
"Jupiter just happened to be in the sky near the search fields where we were looking for extremely distant Solar System objects, so we were serendipitously able to look for new moons around Jupiter while at the same time looking for planets at the fringes of our Solar System," said Sheppard.
Gareth Williams at the International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center used the team's observations to calculate orbits for the newly found moons.
"It takes several observations to confirm an object actually orbits around Jupiter," Williams said. "So, the whole process took a year."
Nine of the new moons are part of a distant outer swarm of moons that orbit it in the retrograde, or opposite direction of Jupiter's spin rotation. These distant retrograde moons are grouped into at least three distinct orbital groupings and are thought to be the remnants of three once-larger parent bodies that broke apart during collisions with asteroids, comets, or other moons. The newly discovered retrograde moons take about two years to orbit Jupiter.
Two of the new discoveries are part of a closer, inner group of moons that orbit in the prograde, or same direction as the planet's rotation. These inner prograde moons all have similar orbital distances and angles of inclinations around Jupiter and so are thought to also be fragments of a larger moon that was broken apart. These two newly discovered moons take a little less than a year to travel around Jupiter.
Source : https://carnegiescience.edu/news/dozen-new-moons-jupiter-discovered-including-one-%E2%80%9Coddball%E2%80%9D
How Juno's Breathtaking Jupiter Images Are Made
Jupiter's sandy swirls and blue-hued poles are visible even from Earth. But the Juno spacecraft's crisp and colourful images begin as warped and dull raw files. The fantastic finished visuals are the result of enthusiastic amateur astronomers, software developers, and artists communicating over message boards. They work together to turn the raw images into accurate art for the space-loving public.
"Image processing is a creative process," visual artist Seán Doran, who has made a number of the most familiar Jovian images, told Gizmodo. "Every Juno picture is unique and demands a slightly modified approach for each."
The Juno spacecraft is a basketball court-sized, turbine-shaped probe that left Earth in 2011, flew by again in 2013 for a gravitational assist, and arrived at Jupiter in 2016. Its many instruments have demonstrated that Jupiter is far stranger than astronomers ever could have imagined. But one of its instruments, JunoCam, isn't really intended for scientists. It's for amateurs like us.
More: gizmodo.com/how-junos-breathtaking-jupiter-images-are-made-1825369932
Processed image from Juno Cam
Latest from Juno Cam taken on the 1st April 2018. Original NASA image on the right.
Juno reveals Jupiter's interior in unprecedented detail
Jupiter's interior has been revealed in unprecedented detail in observations by Nasa's Juno spacecraft that show it to be as strange and turbulent as the planet's surface.
Despite extensive studies of Jupiter's surface, including its distinctive dark and light bands and "great red spot", little had previously been known about what lies at the interior of the solar system's largest planet.
The new findings, based on high-precision gravitational measurements, show that Jupiter's iconic striped bands, caused by immensely powerful winds, extend to a depth of about 3,000km below the surface. The mission has also produced a partial answer to the question of whether the planet has a core, showing that the inner 96% of the planet rotates "as a solid body", even though technically it is composed of an extraordinarily dense mixture of hydrogen and helium gas.
Nasa spacecraft reveals Jupiter's interior in unprecedented detail
Juno mission paints dramatic picture of the turbulence within the solar system's largest planet
Source: www.theguardian.com/science/2018/mar/07/nasa-spacecraft-reveals-jupiters-interior-in-unprecedented-detail
Jupiter's Great Red Spot May Soon Disappear…
By Earl on 27 Feb 2018 No Comments
Or maybe not…either way – Jupiter imaging season is upon us.
Scientists aren't quite sure what will happen to the shrinking mega-storm.
Aside from its size, the planet Jupiter is perhaps best known for the roiling vermilion tempest that swirls south of its equator. The storm, which is big enough to comfortably swallow Earth, is appropriately (if not creatively) known as Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
The Great Red Spot has been a fixture of Jupiter's cloudy visage for centuries and is among the most recognizable features in the solar system. But it won't always be there. In fact, the Great Red Spot is shrinking, and recently, news stories reported that it could vanish within the next 10 or 20 years.
Source: news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/jupiter-great-red-spot-disappear-10-years-space-science-spd/
APOD: 2018 February 21 – Jupiter in Infrared from Hubble
Amazing APOD!
A different astronomy and space science related image is featured each day, along with a brief explanation.
Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap180221.html
Jupiter 2014 Opposition – Biggest, Brightest, Closest For The Year Tonight!
By Earl on 07 Jan 2014 No Comments
Today the biggest planet of them all is at opposition to the sun and closest and brightest for the year. You've no doubt noticed Jupiter rising in the northeastern sky during late evening twi…
Source: astrobob.areavoices.com/2014/01/05/jupiter-2014-opposition-biggest-brightest-closest-for-the-year-tonight/


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Elodie Douarin
First Name: Elodie
Last Name: Douarin
RePEc Short-ID: pdo329
Centre for Comparative Economics
School of Slavonic and East European Studies
University College London (UCL)
http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/cce.htm
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Jump to: Working papers Articles
Randolph Luca Bruno & Elodie Douarin & Julia Korosteleva & Slavo Radosevic, 2014. "Technology choices and growth: testing and expanding the propositions of new structural economics in transition economies," UCL SSEES Economics and Business working paper series 127, UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES), revised Oct 2014.
Elodie Douarin & Laure Latruffe, 2010. "Potential impact of the EU Single Area Payment on farm restructuring and efficiency in Lithuania," Working Papers SMART - LERECO 10-08, INRA UMR SMART-LERECO.
Elodie Douarin & Laure Latruffe, 2011. "Potential impact of the EU Single Area Payment on farm restructuring and efficiency in Lithuania," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 87-103.
Douarin, Elodie & Latruffe, Laure, 2010. "Potential impact of the EU Single Area Payment on farm restructuring and efficiency in Lithuania," Working Papers 210384, Institut National de la recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departement Sciences Sociales, Agriculture et Alimentation, Espace et Environnement (SAE2).
Elodie Douarin & Julie Litchfield & Rachel Sabates-Wheeler, 2010. "Poverty, Livelihoods and War Legacies: the Case of Post-War Rural Kosovo," Research Working Papers 37, MICROCON - A Micro Level Analysis of Violent Conflict.
Bailey, Alastair & Bertaglia, Marco & Fraser, Iain & Sharma, Abhijit & Douarin, Elodie, 2009. "Integrated Pest Management Portfolios in UK Arable Farming: Results of a Farmer Survey," MPRA Paper 14764, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Douarin, Elodie & Latruffe, Laure, 2009. "Will the EU Single Area Payment decrease farm efficiency in the New Member States?," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 51625, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Laure Latruffe & Sophia Davidova & Elodie Douarin & Matthew Gorton, 2008. "Farm expansion in Lithuania after accession to the EU: The role of CAP payments in alleviating potential credit constraints," Working Papers SMART - LERECO 08-06, INRA UMR SMART-LERECO.
Laure Latruffe & Sophia Davidova & Elodie Douarin & Matthew Gorton, 2010. "Farm Expansion in Lithuania after Accession to the EU: The Role of CAP Payments in Alleviating Potential Credit Constraints," Europe-Asia Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 62(2), pages 351-365.
Latruffe, Laure & Davidova, Sophia & Douarin, Elodie & Gorton, Matthew, 2008. "Farm expansion in Lithuania after accession to the EU: The role of CAP payments in alleviating potential credit constraints," Working Papers 211019, Institut National de la recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departement Sciences Sociales, Agriculture et Alimentation, Espace et Environnement (SAE2).
Latruffe, Laure & Davidova, Sophia & Douarin, Elodie & Gorton, Matthew, 2008. "Can the CAP payments facilitate the growth of individual farms in the NMS post-EU accession?," 82nd Annual Conference, March 31 - April 2, 2008, Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK 36861, Agricultural Economics Society.
Latruffe, Laure & Davidova, Sophia & Douarin, Elodie & Gorton, Matthew, 2008. "Can the CAP payments facilitate the growth of individual farms in the New Member States post-EU accession?," 2008 International Congress, August 26-29, 2008, Ghent, Belgium 43611, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Douarin, Elodie, 2008. "Do decoupled payments really encourage farmers to work more off farm? A micro-level analysis of incentives and preferences," 2008 International Congress, August 26-29, 2008, Ghent, Belgium 44024, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Randolph Luca Bruno & Elodie Douarin & Julia Korosteleva & Slavo Radosevic, 2015. "Technology choices and growth: testing New Structural Economics in Transition Economies," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 131-152, June.
Elodie Douarin & Julie Litchfield & Rachel Sabates‐Wheeler, 2012. "War Legacies, Welfare and Livelihoods in Rural Areas: The Case of Kosovo," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(1), pages 201-222, February.
Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.
Zoran Aralica & Nebojsa Stojcic, 2015. "Regional Patterns of Deindustrialization and Prospects for Reindustrialization in South and Central East European Countries," wiiw Balkan Observatory Working Papers 118, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
Svilena MIHAYLOVA & Silviya BRATOEVA-MANOLEVA, 2018. "Structural changes and wage inequality in the Bulgarian economy," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 9, pages 205-227, December.
Tomas Baležentis & Irena Kriščiukaitienė & Alvydas Baležentis, 2014. "A nonparametric analysis of the determinants of family farm efficiency dynamics in Lithuania," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 45(5), pages 589-599, September.
Tomas Baležentis, 2014. "Total factor productivity in the Lithuanian family farms after accession to the EU: application of the bias-corrected Malmquist indices," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 41(4), pages 731-746, November.
Minviel, Jean Joseph & Latruffe, Laure, 2014. "Meta-regression analysis of the impact of agricultural subsidies on farm technical efficiency," 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia 182767, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Tomas Baležentis, 2015. "The Sources of the Total Factor Productivity Growth in Lithuanian Family Farms: A Färe-Primont Index Approach," Prague Economic Papers, University of Economics, Prague, vol. 2015(2), pages 225-241.
Tilman Brück & Patricia Justino & Philip Verwimp & Andrew Tedesco & Alexandra Avdeenko, 2013. "Measuring Conflict Exposure in Micro-Level Surveys," HiCN Working Papers 153, Households in Conflict Network.
Bruck,Tilman & Justino,Patricia & Verwimp,Philip & Tedesco,Andrew Anthony, 2016. "Measuring violent conflict in micro-level surveys : current practices and methodological challenges," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7585, The World Bank.
Tilman Brück & Patricia Justino & Philip Verwimp & Alexandra Avdeenko & Andrew Tedesco, 2016. "Measuring Violent Conflict in Micro-level Surveys: Current Practices and Methodological Challenges," World Bank Research Observer, World Bank Group, vol. 31(1), pages 29-58.
Patricia Justino & Ivan Cardona & Rebecca Mitchell & Catherine Müller, 2012. "Quantifying the Impact of Women's Participation in Post-Conflict Economic Recovery," HiCN Working Papers 131, Households in Conflict Network.
Abhijit Sharma & Alastair Bailey & Iain Fraser, 2011. "Technology Adoption and Pest Control Strategies Among UK Cereal Farmers: Evidence from Parametric and Nonparametric Count Data Models," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(1), pages 73-92, February.
Sharma, Abhijit & Bailey, Alastair & Fraser, Iain, 2009. "Technology Adoption And Pest Control Strategies Among UK Cereal Farmers: Evidence from Parametric and Nonparametric Count Data Models," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 51335, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Sharma, Abhijit & Bailey, Alastair & Fraser, Iain, 2009. "Technology Adoption And Pest Control Strategies Among UK Cereal Farmers: Evidence from Parametric and Nonparametric Count Data Models," MPRA Paper 15805, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Case, S.D.C. & Oelofse, M. & Hou, Y. & Oenema, O. & Jensen, L.S., 2017. "Farmer perceptions and use of organic waste products as fertilisers – A survey study of potential benefits and barriers," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 84-95.
Waters, James, 2013. "The influence of information sources on inter- and intra-firm diffusion: evidence from UK farming," MPRA Paper 50955, University Library of Munich, Germany.
Stephen Jess & David I. Matthews & Archie K. Murchie & Michael K. Lavery, 2018. "Pesticide Use in Northern Ireland's Arable Crops from 1992–2016 and Implications for Future Policy Development," Agriculture, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 8(8), pages 1-16, August.
Jan Fałkowski & Pavel Ciaian & d'Artis Kancs, 2009. "Access to Credit, Factor Allocation and Farm Productivity: Evidence From the CEE Transition Economies," Working Papers 2009-12, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
Ciaian, Pavel & Falkowski, Jan & Kancs, d'Artis, 2010. "Access to Credit, Factor Allocation and Farm Productivity: Evidence From the CEE Transition Economies," 114th Seminar, April 15-16, 2010, Berlin, Germany 61347, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Pavel Ciaian & Jan Falkowski & d'Artis Kancs, 2012. "Access to credit, factor allocation and farm productivity: Evidence from the CEE transition economies," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 72(1), pages 22-47, May.
Vranken, Liesbet & Van Herck, Kristine, 2013. "Direct Payments and Land Rents: Evidence from New Member States," Factor Markets Working Papers 175, Centre for European Policy Studies.
Van Herck, Kristine & Vranken, Liesbet, 2012. "Direct Payments and Land Rents: Evidence from New Member States," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126777, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Van Herck, Kristine & Vranken, Liesbet, 2013. "Direct Payments and Land Rents: Evidence from New Member States," Working papers 157121, Factor Markets, Centre for European Policy Studies.
Matthews, Alan & Salvatici, Luca & Scoppola, Margherita, 2017. "Trade Impacts of Agricultural Support in the EU," Commissioned Papers 252767, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
Jean Joseph Minviel & Kristof De Witte, 2016. "The influence of public subsidies on farm technical efficiency: A robust conditional nonparametric approach," Working Papers SMART - LERECO 16-10, INRA UMR SMART-LERECO.
Saint-Cyr, Legrand D. F., 2017. "Farm heterogeneity and agricultural policy impacts on size dynamics: evidence from France," Working Papers 258013, Institut National de la recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departement Sciences Sociales, Agriculture et Alimentation, Espace et Environnement (SAE2).
Legrand D. F, Saint-Cyr, 2017. "Farm heterogeneity and agricultural policy impacts on size dynamics: evidence from France," Working Papers SMART - LERECO 17-04, INRA UMR SMART-LERECO.
Saint-Cyr, Legrand D. F., 2016. "Farm segmentation and agricultural policy impacts on structural change: evidence from France," 149th Seminar, October 27-28, 2016, Rennes, France 244789, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Imre Ferto & Zoltan Bakucs & Stefan Bojnec & Laure Latruffe, 2012. "Investment and Financial Constraints in European Agriculture: Evidence from France, Hungary and Slovenia," IEHAS Discussion Papers 1213, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Ferto, Imre & Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan & Bojnec, Stefan & Latruffe, Laure, 2011. "Investment and Financial Constraints in European Agriculture: Evidence from France, Hungary and Slovenia," 2011 International Congress, August 30-September 2, 2011, Zurich, Switzerland 114357, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
O'Toole, Conor & Hennessy, Thia, 2015. "Do decoupled payments affect investment financing constraints? Evidence from Irish agriculture," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 67-75.
Conor O'Toole & Thia Hennessy, 2013. "Do decoupled payments affect investment financing constraints? Evidence from Irish agriculture," Trinity Economics Papers tep0113, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics.
Tomas Baležentis & Aistė Galnaitytė & Irena Kriščiukaitienė & Virginia Namiotko & Lina Novickytė & Dalia Streimikiene & Rasa Melnikiene, 2019. "Decomposing Dynamics in the Farm Profitability: An Application of Index Decomposition Analysis to Lithuanian FADN Sample," Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, May.
Marie-Line Duboz & Julie Le Gallo, 2011. "Are EU-15 and CEEC agricultural exports in competition? Evidence for 1995-2005," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 31(1), pages 134-146.
Ciaian, Pavel & Falkowski, Jan & Kancs, d'Artis & Pokrivcak, Jan, 2011. "Productivity and Credit Constraints Firm-Level Evidence from Propensity Score Matching," Working papers 117484, Factor Markets, Centre for European Policy Studies.
Ciaian, Pavel & Fa?kowski, Jan & d'Artis, Kanc & Pokrivcak, Jan, 2011. "Productivity and Credit Constraints: Firm-Level Evidence from Propensity Score Matching," Factor Markets Working Papers 99, Centre for European Policy Studies.
Pavel Ciaian & Jan Fałkowski & D'Artis Kancs, 2012. "Productivity and credit constraints: A firm-level propensity score evidence for agricultural farms in central and east European countries," Acta Oeconomica, Akadémiai Kiadó, Hungary, vol. 62(4), pages 459-487, December.
Marconi, V. & Raggi, M. & Viaggi, D. & Lefebvre, M. & Gomez y Paloma, Sergio, 2015. "The impact of the 2013 Common Agricultural Policy reform on farmer's investment decisions: an ex-ante evaluation," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 212225, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
Jean Joseph Minviel & Timo Sipiläinen, 2018. "Dynamic stochastic analysis of the farm subsidy-efficiency link: evidence from France," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 41-54, October.
Minviel, Jean Joseph & De Witte, Kristof, 2016. "The influence of public subsidies on farm technical efficiency: A robust conditional nonparametric approach," Working Papers 250207, Institut National de la recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departement Sciences Sociales, Agriculture et Alimentation, Espace et Environnement (SAE2).
Saint-Cyr, Legrand D. F., 2016. "Accounting for farm heterogeneity in the assessment of agricultural policy impacts on structural change," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235778, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Sauer, Johannes & Davidova, Sophia & Latruffe, Laure, 2009. "Determinants of the Fallowing Decision in Kosovo," 83rd Annual Conference, March 30 - April 1, 2009, Dublin, Ireland 51072, Agricultural Economics Society.
Olper, Alessandro & Raimondi, Valentina & Cavicchioli, Daniele & Vigani, Mauro, 2011. "Does Common Agricultural Policy Reduce Farm Labour Migration? A Panel Data Analysis Across EU Regions," 2011 International Congress, August 30-September 2, 2011, Zurich, Switzerland 114597, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Olper, Alessandro & Raimondi, Valentina & Cavicchioli, Daniele & Vigani, Mauro, 2013. "Does Common Agricultural Policy Reduce Farm Labor Migration? A Panel Data Analysis Across EU Regions," 2013: Productivity and Its Impacts on Global Trade, June 2-4, 2013. Seville, Spain 152326, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
Rui Fragoso & Carlos Marques & Maria Raquel Lucas & Maria Belém Martins & Raúl Fernandes Jorge, 2009. "The Economic Effects of Common Agricultural Policy Trends on Montado Ecosystem in Southern Portugal," CEFAGE-UE Working Papers 2009_12, University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal).
Fragoso, R. & Marques, C. & Lucas, M.R. & Martins, M.B. & Jorge, R., 2011. "The economic effects of common agricultural policy on Mediterranean montado/dehesa ecosystem," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 311-327, March.
Esposti, Roberto, 2008. "Reforming The Cap: An Agenda For Regional Growth?," 109th Seminar, November 20-21, 2008, Viterbo, Italy 44868, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
Laure Latruffe & Yann Desjeux, 2014. "Perpetuation of subsistence farming in Kosovo: the role of farm integration in input markets," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(1), pages 137-148, March.
Iva Trako, 2018. "Returning Home After Conflict Displacement: Labor Supply and Schooling Outcomes Among Kosovar Households," PSE Working Papers halshs-01828477, HAL.
See citations under working paper version above.
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NEP is an announcement service for new working papers, with a weekly report in each of many fields. This author has had 3 papers announced in NEP. These are the fields, ordered by number of announcements, along with their dates. If the author is listed in the directory of specialists for this field, a link is also provided.
NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics (2) 2009-04-25 2010-12-11
NEP-ENV: Environmental Economics (1) 2009-04-25
NEP-LAB: Labour Economics (1) 2008-11-25
NEP-TRA: Transition Economics (1) 2010-12-11
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