In order to provide repeatable, reliable releases it is necessary to not only have a process for managing releases but to ensure your source control management and development procedures are organised around the targets for each release; our extensive experience managing repositories for clients and for Catalyst and other production quality open source projects mean we can help you get the most out of your repository and developer time.
As your deployments grow in number and scale, full automation with the ability to easily roll back to a previous version if problems are encountered is essential to providing reliable services. Our cross-disciplinary team allows us to understand the issues from systems, development and operations points of view and help you develop a system that improves things across all aspects of your service provisioning.


Cloud Computing refers to a recent trend in Information Technology (IT) that moves computing and data away from desktop and portable PCs into large data centers. The key driving forces behind the emergence of Cloud Computing includes the overcapacity of today's large corporate data centers, the ubiquity of broadband and wireless networking, the failing cost of storage, and progressive improvements in internet computing software. Currently, the main technical underpinnings of Cloud Computing infrastructure and services include virtualization, service-oriented software, grid computing technologies, management of large facilities, power efficiency, etc.
The emergence of Cloud Computing promises to streamline the on-demand provision of software, hardware, and data as a service, achieving economies of scale in the deployment and operation of IT solutions. It is believed that Cloud Computing will be a disruptive technology with profound implications not only for internet services but also for the IT sector as a whole.
Uninet infrastructure is designed to let you dynamically add more servers very quickly. We regularly help clients go from one user to an infrastructure capable of supporting several million total users. The whole process takes only a couple of hours.
Pay for only what you use. You can scale up or scale down as you ned to. You can also pay annually if you prefer, and get one month free.
Direct Compatibility with Legacy Software: Uninet's cloud is built on VMWare infrastructure. Your application can be running on OS requested.
No Application rewrites required: CIOs don't want to have to rewrite apps when they move to the cloud. Google app engine, for example, requires that you completely rewrite large sections of your code.
Open means less risk - you can leave: CIOs often tell us that they like to know that they can leave GreenView if they want to. If you don't have to rewrite your app to move into GreenView, you don't have to rewrite your app to move off. One major advantage of our approach is that it reduces the risk of adopting a cloud solution.
On Uninet Cloud Computing, you do not have to build new tools just to manage your application in the cloud.
CIOs are concerned about operational management overall and yet whole company have to deal with the complexity of running ethereal virtualized server. These extra operational hurdles simply do not exist at GreenView. Our approach to virtualization requires much lower administrative overhead. Cloud computing promises flexibility, but it shouldn't force enterprise users into an expensive tradeoff where they have to deal with additional operational costs simply to gain that flexibility.


text:
package com.github.levin81.daelic.druid.limitspec;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
public class DefaultLimitSpec implements LimitSpec {

    private final String type = "default";

    private int limit;
    private List<OrderByColumn> columns;

    DefaultLimitSpec(int limit, List<OrderByColumn> columns) {
        this.limit = limit;
        this.columns = columns;
    }

    @Override
    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public int getLimit() {
        return limit;
    }

    public List<OrderByColumn> getColumns() {
        return columns;
    }

    public static DefaultLimitSpecBuilder builder() {
        return new DefaultLimitSpecBuilder();
    }

    public static class DefaultLimitSpecBuilder {

        private int limit;
        private List<OrderByColumn> columns;

        DefaultLimitSpecBuilder() {

        }

        public DefaultLimitSpecBuilder withLimit(int limit) {
            this.limit = limit;
            return this;
        }

        public DefaultLimitSpecBuilder withColumns(List<OrderByColumn> columns) {
            this.columns = new ArrayList<>(columns);
            return this;
        }

        public DefaultLimitSpecBuilder addColumn(OrderByColumn column) {
            if (this.columns == null) {
                this.columns = new ArrayList<>();
            }

            this.columns.add(column);
            return this;
        }

        public DefaultLimitSpec build() {
            return new DefaultLimitSpec(limit, columns);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hydro One sale will have negative budget impact, says accountability office
Stephen LeClair says he can't tell how the government came up with its valuations for Hydro One because the Liberals won't tell him their methodology
TORONTO—Ontario's new financial accountability officer warns the sale of Hydro One will have a negative impact on the province's budget balance.
Stephen LeClair's first report to the legislature finds the province would see an improvement in its budget in the first year after an initial sale of 15 per cent of shares in the utility.
But he says the budgetary impact could be positive or negative in subsequent years as more shares are sold, and will ultimately be negative once the Liberals sell the 60 per cent of Hydro One they plan to put on market.
LeClair estimates the total value of Hydro One at between $11-billion and $14.3 billion, and says based on that a 60 per cent sale would generate $6.8 billion to $8.9 billion, "a wider and somewhat lower range" than the government's estimates.
But the financial accountability officer says he can't tell how the government came up with its valuations for Hydro One because the Liberals won't tell him their methodology.
Without knowing how they made their calculations, LeClair says "it is not possible" for him to offer a definitive opinion on whether the partial sale will help the government eliminate a $10.3 billion deficit by 2017-18 as promised or not.
Hydro One turns over about $750 million a year to the province, which will be reduced as private owners take their share of the profits.
But Premier Kathleen Wynne says she needs to sell 60 per cent of the utility to raise money for public transit and infrastructure projects.
Related Posts from the network
Revised Hydro One sale prospectus shows Ontario poised to raise $1.7B
Scotiabank and RBC to underwrite Hydro One sale
GM stock sale: SEC reports sale amount; Oliver tight-lipped on budget impact
Ontario judge dismisses CUPE lawsuit over sale of Hydro One shares
AltaGas CEO heads for retirement, COO to take reigns
Cenovus announces more cuts: 700 workers and $400M in spending

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of Overwatch's biggest names has joined one of its best teams.
The Seagull has finally landed, and its new perch is in Dallas, Texas. Brandon "Seagull" Larned will be joining Team Envy for the inaugural season of the Overwatch League, the organization announced today.
Seagull is one of Overwatch's biggest names and one of its most popular players, as his viewership and success skyrocketed early on in Overwatch's lifespan. He never captured the same sort of success with NRG Esports, the team that he will be leaving for Envy. NRG holds the Overwatch League slot for San Francisco.
Meanwhile, Envy currently sit at 6-0 in season one of Overwatch Contenders in North America, as the current roster has manhandled the opposition for the past month. Although the team has seen a few roster changes, the core of the squad has been together for the majority of Overwatch's lifespan.
Envy dominated 2016 in Overwatch esports, winning six events before the calendar turned. The team spent the majority of 2017 in South Korea, competing in OGN Overwatch Apex, where they finished top eight in season two and fourth in season three.
Seagull is the first confirmed member on the roster for Envy's Overwatch League team, which has a home in Dallas and is yet to be named. It's expected that the rest of Envy's current roster will follow suit and stay with the organization in Dallas.
Earlier this week, it was announced that the Overwatch League's preseason would begin in December, with its first regular season kicking off in January, followed by playoffs and finals in July.
The joining of forces between Overwatch's biggest name and fan-favorite team will bode well for the league's popularity moving forward.


We are looking to grow our career driven team and are currently seeking a Hopper Utility Personnel to work from our Kindig Lane manufacturing facility located in Hanover, PA. The primary responsibility is to pay attention to all aspects of the hopper mixing area to include bags of products, tools and equipment.
The ideal candidate for this position must have the ability to obtain a tow motor license and follow all safe operating practices. The physical ability to lift up to 40 lbs. is required in this role. The willingness and ability to work Monday - Friday 6:40 AM- 4:55 PM is required in this role.
Oversees all aspects of the hopper mixing area.
Operates touch screen panel to control sequencing and clears faults.
Maintains control of tools and equipment assigned to the work area.
Moves product from staging area to repack line by pulling jacks filled with product.
Dumps or loads bags of product used and waster, and records data electronically or manually.
Helps to clean floor and equipment in barrel filling operation.
Grace Hopper is the premier software development school for women located in New York City (and soon Chicago!). Y Combinator-backed, our school has garnered the attention of Forbes, TechCrunch, and Business Insider, among others. The reputation of our school is built on the professional success of each and every one of our students. Students have gone on to promising careers at top-tier companies, like Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Goldman Sachs. In January 2016, we launched the Grace Hopper Program, which is a need-blind software engineering program for women.
You are eager to shape the skills, minds, and trajectories of eager Grace Hopper students.
Work where your daily goal is to have significant impact on the lives of others - students who travel from all over the world to attend a top-rated program that you will be responsible for building and growing. We have an open, friendly, and fun startup culture. You will work with colleagues who have founded companies and worked at Google, Yahoo!, and Gilt Groupe, among others. Our salaries and benefits are competitive, coupled with generous paid vacation and stock options. We are conveniently located in Lower Manhattan, near all major subway lines. Last, but not least, you will get an immense sense of pride and satisfaction every seven weeks, when our students graduate.
Fullstack Academy is the premier software development school located in New York City and Chicago. Y Combinator-backed, our school has garnered the attention of Forbes, TechCrunch, and Business Insider, among others. The reputation of our school is built on the professional success of each and every one of our students. Students have gone on to promising careers at top-tier companies, like Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Goldman Sachs. In January 2016, we launched the Grace Hopper Program, which is a need-blind software engineering program for women.
"The Grace Hopper program at Fullstack Academy has been a life-changing experience" is something we hear often and the reason why we come to work everyday. We're looking for a Web Development Instructor who can help us accelerate meaningful and enduring diversity and inclusion in tech by not only teaching, but also inspiring, mentoring and encouraging a new generation of female software engineers.
As an Instructor for Fullstack Academy's Grace Hopper program, you lead instruction for our bootcamp program. You'll lead lectures and support students through exercises designed to embed key web development concepts. You'll guide students through development of stellar projects. You'll facilitate a dynamic and collaborative classroom community. You'll collaborate with our dedicated support and administrative staff to ensure an exceptional experience for each student in our program..
This is a full-time role, based in New York City and reports to our Head of Academics.
A demonstrable commitment to growing gender diversity and inclusion in tech.
Good times await in Iowa at Isle Casino Hotel® Waterloo with over 900 of the hottest slots, 30 table games, 194 spacious guest rooms and a resort style pool and hot tub. Our guests can indulge in a sizzling steak at Otis & Henry's, experience farm-to-table cuisine at Farmer's Pick Buffet and satisfy a sweet tooth with a treat from Simply Yummy Baking Company. Plus, an all-new Eldorado Resorts, Inc. restaurant recently opened– The Brew Brothers offering a creative menu, custom microbrews and live entertainment! Our 450 Team Members are dedicated to providing our guests with an exceptional gaming and entertainment experience. For more information, visit www.islewaterloo.com and follow us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.
Verifies jackpots, makes hopper fills, and fills out paperwork.
Performs minor repair to slot machines.
Handles customer relations and minor customer disputes.
Maintains a pleasant, friendly and welcoming attitude at all times.
Knowledge of all special events and promotional activities available to guest.
A high school diploma or GED equivalent preferred.
Ability to perform multiple duties under frequent time pressures.
Must be able to obtain and maintain a valid state gaming license.
Ability to stand for long periods of time on a daily basis, walk to various areas of the casino, and be able to push, pull or move heavy objects with assistance.
Responsible for providing turndown service for our VIP and other assigned guests� rooms.
Provide turndown service for targeted guests.
Responsible for cleaning the Suite, bedroom, closet and bathroom.
This includes removing used food and beverage trays, straighten magazines, remote control, replace dirty ashtrays, replenish matches, vacuum obvious debris, straighten bed or making beds as necessary, fold sheets, lean pillows on the headboard, place two turndown chocolates on nightstand, remove all trash, turn on lamps, turn on radio, ensure closet has hangers and a laundry bag, remove and replace all used towels and glasses, clean counter and mirror, wipe down commode, replace tissues and dusting furniture as necessary.
Demonstrates Harrah�s Spotlight 5 behaviors: Initiates Friendly Greeting, Smiles and Makes Eye Contact, Demonstrates Upbeat and Positive Attitude, Checks for Satisfaction, Provides a Warm Farewell.
Six months to one-year previous experience as a guest room attendant is preferred.
Must be able to get along well with co-workers and work well as a team member.
Must be able to work any day of the week.
Works inside assigned area of the hotel. Must be able to use elevators frequently and work in a high-rise hotel.
Must be able to push and pull 150 pound carts.
Able to stand, stoop, bend and crouch to clean low and high areas of hotel room such as: floors, base boards, bath tubs, drains, toilets, shower walls, pictures, mirrors and shower rods.
Able to walk up and down stairs.
Must be able to operate a vacuum cleaner and mop.
Able to tolerate cleaning chemical without developing an allergic reaction.
Able to fold linen, bed sheets blankets, bedspreads and pillowcases.
Harrah�s reserves the right to make changes to this job description whenever necessary.
Do you love the nature and beautiful scenery? Working at any one of our locations is not just a job, it can also be the experience of a lifetime.
After a day's work there is so much to see and do around the Mount Rushmore Area. Let your talents get you here, then take advantage of all the splendor and adventure our parks has to offer.
As a Cafeteria Attendant you will provide food service to all guests with exceptional customer service.
Responsibilities Requests customer order and depresses keys of multi-counting machine to simultaneously record order and compute bill. Selects requested food items from serving or storage areas and assembles items on serving tray or in takeout container.
Notifies kitchen personnel of shortages or special orders. Serves cold drinks, frozen milk drinks, or desserts Makes and serves hot beverages Receives payments. Cooks or apportions French fries or performs other minor duties to prepare food, serve customers, or maintain orderly eating or serving areas.
Carries dirty dishes from dining room to kitchen. Wipes table tops and chairs with damp cloth. Replenishes supply of clean linens, silverware, glassware, and dishes in dining room.
Supplies condiment bar with items such as ketchup, mustard, butter and jelly. Cleans and polishes glass shelves and doors of service bars and equipment such as coffee urns and cream and milk dispensers. Makes coffee and fills fruit juice dispensers.
We are looking for a Lot Attendant to join our Service team at Servco Auto Waipahu. Our Lot Attendants are paid a competitive hourly wage and have opportunities for advancement into higher positions in our parts and service departments.
An entry-level Lot Attendant has opportunities to advance into positions such as Detail Helper, Parts Delivery Driver, Parts Warehouse Person, Lube Tire Helper or Auto Technician roles. Note: In order to qualify for an Auto Technician position, an Associate's Degree in Automotive Technology is required, so we recommend looking into this degree early on if this is the career path that you are interested in pursuing.
We are proud to be named one of Hawaii's Best Places to Work for the past 14 years. As Hawaii's largest privately-owned business, established in 1919, we are committed to providing a fun and collaborative environment where team members feel valued and appreciated. Team members have ongoing opportunities for growth and advancement within the company. We also believe in the importance of giving back to our community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and providing annual student scholarships.
Do these words describe you? If so, apply to our Lot Attendant position today! There's no better time to join us on the road to success!


Scar revision treatment is performed to improve the appearance of scars. At Rejuvenique Med Spa, we offer the leading scar revision treatment for our patients. Scars can be caused by injuries, acne, trauma, surgery, or various skin conditions. A scar revision treatment can help reduce scarring anywhere on the body. Scar revision is a safe, effective, and nonsurgical body treatment. Rejuvenique Med Spa utilizes the most advanced technology and techniques to perform body treatments.
Candidates must be in good health and have realistic expectations. Patients may wish to minimize the appearance of a scar with this treatment. The specialist will meet with the patient for a one-on-one consultation appointment to determine their candidacy for the treatment. The specialist will thoroughly examine the area of concern to evaluate the current state of the scar. Patients can discuss with the specialists their ideal aesthetic or any concerns about the treatment with the specialist during this appointment. A customized treatment plan will then be created for the patient.
Scar revision treatments are performed in-office at Rejuvenique Med Spa in Bakersfield. Rejuvenique Med Spa scar specialists use laser resurfacing technology to reduce the overall appearance, texture, and color of the scar. Laser treatments will gently remove the damaged skin to promote new skin growth. Treatment sessions will vary based on the patient's ideal goals and the specialist's expertise. The scar specialist will review the recovery process with the patient before they leave to ensure the best results for the treatment.
Learn more about scar revision treatment at Rejuvenique Med Spa and book your consultation appointment today.


text:
Q: How to use Python3.6 tarfile module to read from memory? I would like to download a tarfile from url to memory and than extract all its content to folder dst. What should I do?
Below are my attempts but I could not achieve my plan.
#!/usr/bin/python3.6
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from pathlib import Path
from io import BytesIO
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import URLError
from tarfile import TarFile

def get_url_response( url ):
    req = Request( url )
    try:
        response = urlopen( req )
    except URLError as e:
        if hasattr( e, 'reason' ):
            print( 'We failed to reach a server.' )
            print( 'Reason: ', e.reason )
        elif hasattr( e, 'code'):
            print( 'The server couldn\'t fulfill the request.' )
            print( 'Error code: ', e.code )
    else:
        # everything is fine
        return response

url = 'https://dl.opendesktop.org/api/files/download/id/1566630595/s/6cf6f74c4016e9b83f062dbb89092a0dfee862472300cebd0125c7a99463b78f4b912b3aaeb23adde33ea796ca9232decdde45bb65a8605bfd8abd05eaee37af/t/1567158438/c/6cf6f74c4016e9b83f062dbb89092a0dfee862472300cebd0125c7a99463b78f4b912b3aaeb23adde33ea796ca9232decdde45bb65a8605bfd8abd05eaee37af/lt/download/Blue-Maia.tar.xz'
dst = Path().cwd() / 'Tar'

response = get_url_response( url )

with TarFile( BytesIO( response.read() ) ) as tfile:
    tfile.extractall( path=dst )

However, I got this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "~/test_tar.py", line 31, in <module>
    with TarFile( BytesIO( response.read() ) ) as tfile:
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 1434, in __init__
    fileobj = bltn_open(name, self._mode)
TypeError: expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, not _io.BytesIO

I tried passing the BytesIO object to TarFile as a fileobj:
with TarFile( fileobj=BytesIO( response.read() ) ) as tfile:
    tfile.extractall( path=dst )

However, it still can't work:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 188, in nti
    s = nts(s, "ascii", "strict")
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 172, in nts
    return s.decode(encoding, errors)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd2 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 2297, in next
    tarinfo = self.tarinfo.fromtarfile(self)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 1093, in fromtarfile
    obj = cls.frombuf(buf, tarfile.encoding, tarfile.errors)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 1035, in frombuf
    chksum = nti(buf[148:156])
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 191, in nti
    raise InvalidHeaderError("invalid header")
tarfile.InvalidHeaderError: invalid header

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "~/test_tar.py", line 31, in <module>
    with TarFile( fileobj=BytesIO( response.read() ) ) as tfile:
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 1482, in __init__
    self.firstmember = self.next()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/tarfile.py", line 2309, in next
    raise ReadError(str(e))
tarfile.ReadError: invalid header

A: This approach was very close to correct:
with TarFile( fileobj=BytesIO( response.read() ) ) as tfile:
    tfile.extractall( path=dst )

You should use tarfile.open instead of TarFile (see docs), and tell it that you are reading an xz file (mode='r:xz'):
with tarfile.open( fileobj=BytesIO( response.read() ), mode='r:xz' ) as tfile:
    tfile.extractall( path=dst )

However, as you'll notice, this is still not enough.
The root problem? You're downloading from a site which disallows hotlinking. The website is blocking your attempt to download. Try printing out the response and you'll see you get a load of junk HTML instead of a tar.xz file.

A: Strangely, I manage to make it work using the open() function, but not by instanciating a TarFile object. It seems the opening mode can not be set correctly in the second one...
Anyway, this works:
from _io import BytesIO
import tarfile

with open('Blue-Maia.tar.xz', 'rb') as f:
    tar = tarfile.open(fileobj=BytesIO( f.read() ), mode="r:xz")
    tar.extractall( path="test" )
    tar.close()

You could add a try...except...finally to ensure the tar file is always closed.
Update:
In your code:
response = get_url_response( url )
tar = tarfile.open(fileobj=BytesIO( response.read() ), mode="r:xz")
tar.extractall( path="test" )
tar.close()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Peter Silberman possesses a voice that is all at once haunting, weary, and undeniably beautiful. At times, his singing evokes the fraught croon of Win Butler while at others he soars to the angelic heights of Antony Hegarty. Given the title of Silberman and company's debut, Hospice indeed casts a shadow of death and doom over its ghostly refrains. But this is not to say the album is wholly bleak and hopeless; rather the effect manifests itself more organically. Through ten songs, we progress from twinkling lullabies of innocent youth to the aching grace of life's final days. The album's closer, "Epilogue", fittingly strips away the dreamy instrumentals of an earlier track, "Bear", to reveal a singular balladeer with a starkness that might just herald this year's Bon Iver and Arcade Fire — all rolled into one.
The Antlers will celebrate the release of Hospice with an August 21 show at New York's Mercury Lounge featuring fellow Brooklyn upstarts Murder Mystery in support.


We've got the basic idea of objects now: defined classes with properties and methods. However, there are still some parts of our design that have been left out.
Remember, when we create a variable of a class, we say that we create an instance of a class. So, the properties and methods we defined so far are also called instance properties and instance methods.
Great! What else is out there?
There are also Class properties and methods and that's what we are going to cover in this chapter.
Class properties and methods apply to class in general.
Say, we have a Game class. A maximum of 4 people can play. When we create an instance of Game, we could have a variable (or a constant) as a part of it which stores the max players value. It's not the end of the world, but that value applies to all instances of this game. And with this implementation, in order to access that value we'd have to create an instance of a class just to find out how many players can participate. Sounds inefficient :'(.
Just like with general variables and instance properties, the class properties should be declared as constants if they don't need to be modified.
Of course, just like instance methods, class methods can have parameters and return values :ange:.
Since those methods and properties are global and apply to the class as a whole, we don't need to initialize anything.
In other words, in our game class example, we don't have to create the object Game class just to find out how many players can play!
... and one more that we'll discover later in this course :p!
Lastly, to formalize the terminology, according to Apple's definitions, static (or class) properties and methods are called TYPE properties and TYPE methods.
Fantastic! How is this beneficial to our project?
Can you spot the elements that belong to the class level?
Now try to declare those on your own!
// Don't scroll just yet!
Let's think ahead. We'll need a pool of general entertainment elements we can choose from, so that we can later assign some of those to each destination as options during our visit.
For now, it returns an empty array, which is not suitable for our journey. We'll address that issue later in the course.
Notice that generalOptions is a constant, not a variable. Since it will be shared globally, this helps preserve it from accidental modification.
Great progress on design implementation!
Class properties and methods are declared with keyword static .
To access static properties or call static methods, we use the dot notation and instead of using a variable name of an instance, we use the class name.
As opposed to an instance a property or instance method, a class property or method is used from the class name.
Class properties are particularly useful for defining constants for a class.
Class methods are particularly useful for defining specific initializations or managing multiple instances.


I was fortunately to be given the option of three Orthopaedic Surgeon and in my case needed to specialise in knee surgery.
Mr Krishnan stood out for me initially, due to the extensive professional write up and feedback from patients he has helped, I can honestly say without a question of doubt if you are considering this type of surgery then choosing Mr Krishnan you will feel you are in the hands of competent professional and will put your anxiety at ease as he places the patient at the forefront of his thinking.
Big thanks to Mr Krishnan and the support team.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank Mr Krishnan and his team for the excellent care I received. I found Mr Krishnan to be very kind caring and professional. He explained the procedure involved in easy to understand terms which gave me the confidence to go ahead with the operation. I am very pleased with my new knee and six weeks on progressing well with a nice neat scar. I hope Mr Krishnan and his team will be available to help with the other knee when required. Could not have had better care.
I had my inner cartilages removed back in 1983 because they were worn out and after this my knees were bone on bone, causing many years of pain, compounded by my stubbornness in refusing to do anything about it – I, like all men, am good at this.
However, when things got really bad in 2014 I sought help from my Doctor who initially recommended a course of physio – this just didn't work, despite my best efforts.
I then contacted my private health company helpline who were excellent in providing me with an appointment to see a man called Mr Shibu Krishnan. As you can imagine I was very apprehensive about meeting a Doctor who I had never seen before for a big, serious and life changing operation.
What actually happened was a very warm and professional greeting, followed by explanation in great detail (in layman's terms) of what was wrong with my knees and what my options actually were. The thing that surprised me most was that he said my knees were worn out but it really was my decision as to if, or when, I chose to have them done and if so, which one I would like done first, leaving me fully in charge of my destiny.
I chose to have the first one done on 27th of July 2015. I had to go for pre-assessment at the Chiltern Hospital which was very thorough, making sure I was fit enough for the operation and I wouldn't be taking anything unwelcome into hospital, which if you think about it, really gives you a good feeling of confidence that you are being looked after in the best possible way!
We agreed the procedure would take place at the Shelburne Hospital in High Wycombe. When I arrived at 7.30am on the Monday morning, the greeting from the hospital was excellent, even the man controlling the car park barrier was expecting me and knew my name.
I was shown to my private room and, as you can imagine, the whole team came in to both greet me and prepare me for the operation. Mr Krishnan then came to see me and again checked and double checked if I had any concerns or questions. When the time came for me to go to the operating theatre, again it was extremely evident this was clearly a very, very polished team of professionals and a process in which everything was about making sure I was both comfortable and relaxed.
The anaesthetic was administered to my lower back with great care and with no discomfort, apart from a small prick and some slight tingling. During the operation I was aware of what was going on with absolutely no pain or discomfort at all. When Mr Krishnan finished and once I was fully awake and able to talk to everyone, I left the theatre and spent an hour in recovery. I was then taken back to my room fully awake, alert and ready for lunch, which was delivered on time and very nice too!
Mr Krishnan came to see me both in the recovery room and in my own room just making sure I was ok. He explained the operation had gone very well and he was very happy with the outcome. The team were excellent. I did a careful walking lap of my room aided of course by my physio just 2 hours after my operation finished.
You hear all sorts of tales on recovery experiences and timelines, mine was just as Mr Krishnan said it would be. They have a simple mantra in their approach toward pain control "we aim never to let the pain take hold" thus this process was both very scientific, consistent and very very impressive. I did all the exercises as instructed and was able to walk with sticks immediately, and in just 1 week was able to walk short distances, across the room, going to the bathroom etc. without them. I was off the sticks for short to medium distances after just under 3 weeks. My progress continued steadily with the discomfort lessening each week. For me the first 6 weeks was a daily and steady improvement. The next 6 weeks still improved but more slowly, but after 12 weeks I experienced a dramatic and consistent Improvement which continues today.
As I write this note today December 8th 2015 I can inform you that I had my right knee replaced yesterday. Everything I described that happened in July, happened exactly the same again yesterday with the same precision and care for my wellbeing. Another excellent customer experience. I am also pleased to report I am going home tomorrow - how's that for service!
In conclusion I can honestly say it has been my pleasure and good fortune to meet this amazing man who without doubt has changed my life in a dramatic and wonderful way. I now no longer have pain whatsoever in my left knee and as I am a classic car buff, I am able to kneel and crawl around on my garage floor which is marvellous and I fully expect the same flexibility with my new right knee which is already starting the improvement process!
Having been involved with Retail all my working career I know what a good job looks like when it comes to customer care.
Mr Krishnan is a man who clearly cares for people and his patients alike. He is a man in my experience of high integrity, with tremendous knowledge and capabilities in his sphere of medicine who delivers exactly what he commits to. Whilst writing this I have also worked out what makes Mr Krishnan stand out in his field of expertise - he is without doubt a great listener who always meticulously answers all your questions and queries before moving onto his own agenda.
In short I am now an extremely happy man with 2 straight legs and knees that work just like bought ones - life doesn't get better!
"Mr Krishnan has shown me exemplary concern and attention throughout the total hip replacement process. As evidenced by the very neat incision and the ex-rays taken at various stages, he has done a thoroughly professional job. I am pleased to have made a swift recovery without pain or unusual inconvenience. Should I need any further hip or knee surgery, I can only hope that Mr Krishnan is again available".
Experience due to the whole procedure being absolutely pain free, and left me with a big smile on my face immediately afterwards.
Your skill has left me perfectly able to cope with this time of healing.
The members of the team were so kind and professional talking to me, which was relaxing, so a big thank you".
"I would like to express my gratitude for the total knee replacement operation you performed on the 26th February 2014 and further consultations.
Thank you very much for perfectly carried out surgery, professional pre and post operation care and your kindness".
"Since you performed a hip replacement operation for me on 21st December, I have made excellent progress towards recovery and the nurses have remarked that the wound healed particularly well.
This suggests that your work was exemplary and I should like to thank you for your care. My thanks to all your team, not least the anaesthetist who, I know had some problems and also to those who looked after me during my stay in the hospital".


text:
Home / News & Press Releases / Mordue: Has the nature of heritage asset analysis changed?
Mordue: Has the nature of heritage asset analysis changed?
Further to Dawn Adams's previous musings on the potential of the challenge to the Court of Appeal in respect of the Mordue high court judgement, the Court of Appeal decision has been issued today (3rd December).
In essence, the judgement focuses on the mechanics of how a decision maker's reasoning needs to be set out, it does not seek to materially change or alter how developers and local authorities should assess planning applications which have an impact on a heritage asset.
The deputy judge in the High Court quashed the appeal decision allowing a wind turbine due to the absence of a specific textual reference confirming that the Inspector had attached considerable weight and importance to the desirability of preserving the setting of the listed buildings. The absence of these specific words meant that the deputy judge felt compelled to quash the appeal decision, in accordance with his interpretation of the Barnwell decision.
The Court of Appeal, however, has concluded that the deputy judge was wrong to regard himself as "bound" to follow such a strict interpretation of Barnwell. Instead, the Court of Appeal confirmed that the long established principles (Save Britain's Heritage v Number 1 Poultry ltd [1991]) that "the adequacy of reasons is not to be judged by some abstract standard" continues to be applied. That is, it is sufficient to consider a decision letter in the round, and that where an Inspector has identified the relevant Local Plan policies and Framework paragraphs then "the appropriate inference is that he has taken properly into account all those provisions."
In conclusion, Mordue confirms that proper analysis of heritage assets requires that considerable weight has been given to the desirability of preserving relevant listed buildings, but that a decision maker can demonstrate that they have done this without expressing this weight through those very specific words.


text:
Author: Rosenfeld, Rachel A.
1. Rosenfeld, Rachel A.
Race and Sex Differences in Career Dynamics
American Sociological Review 45,4 (August 1980): 583-609.
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Educational Attainment; Family Background and Culture; Job Training; Marital Status; Racial Differences; Sex Roles; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Wage Levels; Wages
In this paper, career differences by race and sex are analyzed. Careers are defined as trajectories of socioeconomic status and wages and are described by a linear differential equation model. It is assumed that the different groups defined by race and sex tend to be in different labor markets and economic sectors and to face different opportunity structures even within labor market divisions. This assumption guides predictions for and interpretation of results with respect to various aspects of career inequality: initial status and wage level; potential status and wage levels; effects of human capital, family background, and family of procreation variables on initial and potential wage and status levels; and speed of advancement. Pooling of cross-sections and time- series techniques are used to estimate the model, with data from the NLS of Young Men and Women.
Rosenfeld, Rachel A. "Race and Sex Differences in Career Dynamics." American Sociological Review 45,4 (August 1980): 583-609.
In: Feminist Foundations: Toward Transforming Sociology, Gender and Society Readers Series, Volume 3. K. Myers, et al., eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc., 1998
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Educational Attainment; Employment, History; Family Background and Culture; Gender Differences; Human Capital; Marital Status; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Training; Wage Levels
This reprinted article originally appeared in (American Sociological Review 45 (August 1980). An earlier version of this paper was presented at Boston MA: Annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, August 1979. Chapter: Analyzed career differences by race and sex by examining various aspects of career inequality: initial status and wage level; potential status and wage levels; effects of human capital, family background, and family of procreation variables on initial and potential wage and status levels; speed of advancement. Pooling of cross-sections and time-series techniques are used to estimate the model, with data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of the Labor Market Experience of Young Men (1966-1973) and Women (1968-1975). Employment and educational histories were collected for 14-24 yr. olds at the time of the 1st survey for each group. Results how a general advantage of white men in many aspects of careers, including wage levels and returns to human capital. Differences where shown in effects of education and training, marital status, and parental socioeconomic status early in the career vs at the career stage when change has ceased to occur. ((c) 1998 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)
Rosenfeld, Rachel A. "Race and Sex Differences in Career Dynamics" In: Feminist Foundations: Toward Transforming Sociology, Gender and Society Readers Series, Volume 3. K. Myers, et al., eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc., 1998
Women's Employment Patterns and Occupational Achievements
Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1976.
Also: Social Science Research 7 (March 1978): 61-80
Cohort(s): Mature Women
Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Employment; Mobility; Mobility, Job; Occupational Attainment; Vocational Education; Work Experience
The author investigates the relationship between employment patterns and occupational advancement. Because women have less extensive and continuous employment, they invest less in human capital, have fewer opportunities for job mobility and gain fewer occupational rewards over their work lives. A small but statistically significant effect of employment experience on occupational status was found for white women, but not for non-whites.
Rosenfeld, Rachel A. Women's Employment Patterns and Occupational Achievements. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1976..
Women's Intergenerational Occupational Mobility
American Sociological Review 43,1 (February 1978): 36-46.
Keyword(s): Fathers, Influence; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility; Mobility, Job; Occupational Attainment
This study examines an intergenerational mobility matrix of father's occupation by mother's occupation by daughter's occupation by race by age. The findings indicate that both mother's occupation and father's occupation are significant dimensions of women's intergenerational occupational mobility. In cases in which the mother had been employed when the daughter was 15 years of age, the mother's occupation had a more significant effect on the daughter's occupational destination than the father's. The mother's occupation was determined to be a true effect of occupational level rather than an effect primarily of maternal employment outside the home at any occupation.
Rosenfeld, Rachel A. "Women's Intergenerational Occupational Mobility." American Sociological Review 43,1 (February 1978): 36-46.
Women's Occupational Careers: Individual and Structural Explanations
Sociology of Work and Occupations 6,3 (August 1979): 283-311.
Also: http://wox.sagepub.com/content/6/3/283.abstract
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Duncan Index; Employment; Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Men tend to move up in status over their work lives; women tend to remain at the same level. Two types of explanations can be used to explain this difference: (1) those focusing on individual characteristics which tend to vary by sex, especially employment patterns; and (2) those focusing on the differences in opportunity structure by sex. Research is reviewed which attempts to examine more directly the effect of individual versus structural factors on occupational achievement. While the evidence is not clear-cut, it does suggest more attention be paid in quantitative research on women's achievements to the structure of opportunity.
Rosenfeld, Rachel A. "Women's Occupational Careers: Individual and Structural Explanations." Sociology of Work and Occupations 6,3 (August 1979): 283-311.
Nielsen, Francois
Inequality and Careers: A Dynamic Model of Socioeconomic Achievement
Sociological Methods and Research 12,3 (February 1984): 279-321.
Also: http://smr.sagepub.com/content/12/3/279.abstract
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Discrimination, Sex; Occupational Attainment; Wages; Work History
Socioeconomic careers involve a process of attainment. One model that explicitly recognizes this is a simple linear differential equation model. This article shows how such a model can be used to describe careers in terms of entry levels and their determinants, potential levels and their determinants, and the rate of achievement. Such models, while conceptually simple, have some statistical complications over usual models used when it comes time to estimate them. The second half of the article describes some of these complications and ways of dealing with them.
Rosenfeld, Rachel A. and Francois Nielsen. "Inequality and Careers: A Dynamic Model of Socioeconomic Achievement." Sociological Methods and Research 12,3 (February 1984): 279-321.
7. Taniguchi, Hiromi
Kennelly, Ivy
Rosenfeld, Rachel A.
The Effect of Occupational Male Dominance on Women's Employment Exits: Differences among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics
Presented: Atlanta, GA, Southern Sociological Society (SSS) Conference, April 4-7, 2001
Publisher: Southern Sociological Society
Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Exits; Hispanics; Industrial Sector; Labor Force Participation; Mobility, Occupational; Occupations, Non-Traditional; Racial Differences; Women
A recent study showed that, net of other major characteristics, the % of women in one's occupation significantly reduces the chance of entering managerial positions for women while raising it for men (Maume 1999a). Further, among women, employment in male-dominated occupations diminishes the chance of wage promotion (Maume 1999b), increases joblessness (Maume 1999b), and extends time to find another job after displacement (Spalter-Roth and Deitch 1999). Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we explore the adverse effects of employment in male-dominated occupations on women's employment exits. We focus on racial/ethnic minorities who have been largely ignored in studies of occupational sex segregation. Our preliminary results suggest that occupational male dominance more adversely affects black women's employment, and to a lesser extent, Latinas, than white women. Considering these women's industrial locations mitigates this intergroup variation. We discuss how industry mediates the career depressing effect of occupational male dominance.
Taniguchi, Hiromi, Ivy Kennelly and Rachel A. Rosenfeld. "The Effect of Occupational Male Dominance on Women's Employment Exits: Differences among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics." Presented: Atlanta, GA, Southern Sociological Society (SSS) Conference, April 4-7, 2001.
Family, Labor Market, and Race/Ethnic Differences in Women's Employment Histories
Presented: Washington, DC, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2000
Keyword(s): Education; Employment; Ethnic Differences; Exits; Family Characteristics; Hispanic Studies; Hispanics; Job Turnover; Racial Differences; Unions
We investigate the determinants of employment transitions with samples from White, Black, and Hispanic women in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Both family- and job-related characteristics significantly affect the patterns of employment exit and return, though with some notable race/ethnic differences. Pregnancy status increases the rate of employment exits for White and Hispanic women to a greater extent than for Black women. While wage level significantly reduces the rate of employment exits, regardless of race/ethnicity, the magnitude of this effect is significantly larger among non-White women, suggesting their vulnerability to the fluctuation of wages in times of economic recession. In terms of women's power in the labor market, we see the positive effects of high-level occupations and union affiliation on employment duration, effects that tend to favor Whites over minority women. Both pregnancy status and young children reduce the rate of employment returns for all race/ethnic groups, but this tendency is weaker among Blacks. Hispanic women are also faced with a labor market disadvantage through education, both in employment exit and reentrance, compared not only with Whites but with Blacks as well.
Taniguchi, Hiromi and Rachel A. Rosenfeld. "Family, Labor Market, and Race/Ethnic Differences in Women's Employment Histories." Presented: Washington, DC, American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, August 2000.
Women's Employment Exit and Reentry: Differences Among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics
Social Science Research 31,3 (September 2002): 432-471.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X02000091
Keyword(s): Employment; Ethnic Differences; Exits; Family Characteristics; Hispanics; Racial Differences; Re-employment; Work Reentry
This study investigates the determinants of employment transition with samples from White, Black, and Hispanic women in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The authors argue that one needs to take into consideration both family- and job-related factors to explain women's work patterns, and that the ways employment and home context combine to influence transitions may vary by race and ethnicity. It is found that African-American women, followed by Latinas, leave the work force more quickly than White women. These differences are due more to levels of job-related variables than to distributions of family characteristics across race/ethnic groups. On the other hand, only when they control for job-related variables do the researchers see that African Americans, followed by Hispanic women, return to paid work faster than Whites, suggesting that these women reenter employment faster than would be expected given their lower levels of previous job rewards and resources. Separate models of exits and returns by race and ethnicity show somewhat different patterns of family effects across groups, while varying effects of wages and occupational variables indicate different degrees and types of labor market disadvantage for Blacks and Latinas. (PsycINFO Database Record 2003 APA, all rights reserved)
Taniguchi, Hiromi and Rachel A. Rosenfeld. "Women's Employment Exit and Reentry: Differences Among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics." Social Science Research 31,3 (September 2002): 432-471.


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text:
Home / Membership / Young Adult Membership
Young Adult Membership
Young Person Membership is available to people under 21* years old (under 25* if in full time education). It includes all the benefits of Full Membership at a cost of £95 per year.
Young people between the ages of 21* to 25* who are not in full time education, benefit from reduced Full Membership costs as follows:-
– Aged 21-22: £205
Young people under 30* who have left full time education also benefit from reduced Full Membership costs as follows:-
First year after leaving full time education: £205
Second year after leaving full time education: £315
Third year after leaving full time education: £425
Fourth year after leaving full time education: £535
For the avoidance of doubt, the full membership fee of £645 is charged on reaching the age of 30*
*Age at 1st April
Young Adult membership offers full access to the club and its facilities at much-reduced prices. To join you must be between 13* and 21* years old, or up to 25* if in full-time education.
Join us and we will teach you:
To fly a glider solo. The minimum age to fly on your own is 14 – years before you can learn to drive!
How to soar and climb using invisible lift, staying airborne for hours at a time with no engine, just like a bird.
To navigate cross-country, perform aerobatics, or simply float around enjoying the view.
There is a thriving young adult scene, both at Cambridge Gliding Centre and throughout the UK. Join us and discover a unique and incredible new hobby that is both very exciting and extremely rewarding.
Please contact the office for further details or to request an application form.
3 Month Taster Membership
A three month taster membership of the club gives you the option to try the benefits of membership without the commitment of full membership.
Lite Membership
Cambridge Gliding Club is a Community Amateur Sports Club and wishes to be open to the whole community. If you would like to fly with us but are worried about the cost and have only a low/modest income then please contact the club Secretary for more information.
Full membership of the club gives you access to the full range of services offered at the Cambridge Gliding Centre
Membership , Training Package
Fixed Price to Solo for Commercial Pilots and holders of a current PPL – Introductory offer £450
If you want maximum certainty about the cost of gliding, our fixed price to solo package covers all the flying you need to go solo. This package is designed for existing Commercial Pilots and holders of a PPL.


BCFED? staff are responsible for the day-to-day work of the organization.
Anita is the Director of Organizing. She is responsible for the Labour Education program, the Organizing Institute, and oversees the work related to Employment Standards and the Labour Relations Board.
Denise is the Director of Campaigns. She is the lead on the active campaigns of the BCFED, including the Fight for $15 BC campaign to increase the minimum wage. She works with the Young Workers Committee and the Community and Social Action Committee, and is the lead on the Workers' Action Centre project. Denise is also the lead staff person for annual BCFED conferences.
Gord is the Director of the BCFED Occupational Health and Safety Centre. His responsibilities include oversight of the Centre's six education programs: OH&S Committees, Return to Work, Supervisor, Young and New Workers, ESL, and Migrant Workers.
Jaime is the Director of Political Action and Government Relations. Her areas of focus include the Political Action Standing Committee, election readiness and general campaigns of the BCFED, and working with government on critical issues facing working people and the labour movement.
Kassandra is the Equity and Human Rights Director, and is responsible for the Women's Rights Standing Committee, the Human Rights Standing Committee, Equity Caucuses, Indigenous Relations and the Temporary Foreign Worker Program.
Lynn is the Executive Director and oversees the work of the BCFED.
Nina is the Occupational Health and Safety Director. She works with labour organizations, the community, the Workers' Compensation Board and the government to promote healthier and safer workplaces in BC and advocate for full compensation for injured workers. Nina is also the lead for the Apprenticeship & Skills Training Working Group, and the staff liaison for the Industry Training Authority (ITA) and the LNG Working Group.
Stephen is the Director of Communications, and is responsible for media relations, advertising, social media, and internal / external communications.


text:
Цуканово-Бобрик — село в Льговском районе Курской области России. Входит в состав Вышнедеревенского сельсовета.

География
Село находится на реке Бобрик (левый приток Реута в бассейне Сейма), в 33 км от российско-украинской границы, в 62 км к юго-западу от Курска, в 20 км к юго-востоку от районного центра — города Льгов, в 9 км от центра сельсовета — села Вышние Деревеньки.

 Климат
Цуканово-Бобрик, как и весь район, расположен в поясе умеренно континентального климата с тёплым летом и относительно тёплой зимой (Dfb в классификации Кёппена).

 Часовой пояс

Население

Инфраструктура
Личное подсобное хозяйство. В селе 77 домов.

Транспорт
Цуканово-Бобрик находится в 5,5 км от автодороги регионального значения  (Льгов — Суджа), на автодорогe межмуниципального значения  (38К-024 — Вышние Деревеньки — Дурово-Бобрик), в 3,5 км от ближайшего (закрытого) ж/д остановочного пункта Деревеньки (линия Льгов I — Подкосылев).

В 125 км от аэропорта имени В. Г. Шухова (недалеко от Белгорода).

Примечания

Населённые пункты Льговского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section*{Introduction}

Majorana fermions opened up a wealth of new possibilities in the behaviour of materials. As they support non-local quantum correlations they hold the promise of exhibiting novel quantum phases of matter. Moreover, they hold the key ingredient of quantum stability that is favourable for performing quantum computation~\cite{Kitaev,PachosBook}. Of particular interest are interacting Majorana fermions, which have diverse applications ranging from topological quantum technologies \cite{Fu}, to the modelling of black holes \cite{Sachdev,Kitaev2} and supersymmetric CFTs \cite{Grover, Giombi, Affleck}.

Relativistic behaviour of two-dimensional Majorana fermions in the presence of vortices that bound Majorana-zero-modes~\cite{Ivanov} has been recently identified in the low energy limit of various materials, such as A$_2$IrO$_3$ (A=Na, Li)~\cite{Singh} or $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$~\cite{Plumb,Banerjee,Winter}. As Majorana fermions are neutral we cannot probe charge response. But thermal response is still accessible. Recently, the heat capacity and thermal conductivities have been measured in various experiments~\cite{Hentrich,Kasahara} revealing the novel properties Majorana fermions induce to quantum matter. Due to the analytic tractability of free relativistic Majorana fermions they have enjoyed several rigorous numerical investigations of their thermodynamical properties~\cite{Nasu1,Nasu2,Nasu3,Self1,Self2}.

Lately, an increasing amount of interest is focused on the effect interactions have in the topological characteristics of Majorana systems \cite{Kitaev3}. This is motivated by the high likelihood of having finite density of localised Majorana fermions in two-dimensional materials. The analytical study of such systems is formidable, while numerical analysis of interacting 2D Majorana systems faces numerous challenges. Most of the studies in two dimensions employ renormalisation group (RG) analysis \cite{Affleck2,Affleck3,Herbut} and mean-field theory~\cite{Affleck2,Franz,Franz2,Heath,Franz3}.

In this work, we focus on interacting Majorana fermions in two dimensions described by a Gross-Neveu-Yukawa model \cite{Zinn-Justin, Herbut2, Giombi, Affleck2,Xu,Herbut}. This model is defined by a spinless Majorana field coupled to a dynamical real pseudo-scalar field.
To analyse it we first show that there exists a mapping between this interacting theory and an effective geometric theory with free fermions, where the underlying Riemann-Cartan geometry is entirely characterised by a non-null torsion.
As we want to study the thermal effects of our microscopic model we then introduce a spacetime curvature in the system, encoded in the (torsionless) Ricci tensor.
The introduction of a non-trivial curvature in condensed-matter systems is physically justified by following the Luttinger's proposal \cite{Luttinger}.
In his derivation of the thermal transport coefficients in a near-equilibrium system, he showed that the effect of a thermal gradient is equivalent to that obtained from a fictitious gravitational potential.
This idea has been implemented and extended in the case of topological systems supporting free Majorana and Dirac fermions in the recent years \cite{Stone,Ryu,Zhang}.
In these works Lorentz-invariant geometric models have been introduced in order to calculate quantum thermal effects, such as the thermal Hall effect on the boundary of the system.
By following this approach we analyse the regime where anti-de Sitter geometry emerges in our model.
This choice is dictated by the very peculiar features of AdS, which allow us to employ the powerful dictionary of the holographic correspondence between gravitational models and quantum field theories. The extension of holography to different spaces is still an open problem in high-energy physics.
Importantly, the asymptotic boundary of the AdS solution in the higher-derivative geometric model that we have built, is equivalent to the asymptotic boundary of the AdS solution of a purely topological model.
Thus, by employing the AdS/CFT correspondence on this dual topological action, we obtain a $(1+1)$-dimensional CFT. Due to conformal anomaly the central charge of the CFT is proportional to the specific heat of the system when temperature, $T_{h}$, approaches zero~\cite{Affleck1986, Cardy1986, Cappelli}.
Our approach then furnishes a powerful tool for analytically determining thermal signatures of interacting Majorana fermions.
We find that the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa model of the 2D interacting Majoranas has a specific heat that grows linearly with temperature, a characteristic that is also met in interacting Dirac fermions. Moreover, we find that the specific heat directly depends on some couplings of the Majorana model while it is insensitive to others. These signatures can be directly used for the experimental verification of our results.

\section*{The 2D interacting Majorana model}

We start by considering interacting Majorana fermions in two dimensions at criticality. Such a phase can emerge, e.g. in a superconducting thin film placed in a perpendicular magnetic field on the top of a three-dimensional topological insulator~\cite{Affleck2} or at the boundary of a three-dimensional topological superconductor \cite{Grover}. The effective action in the low energy limit is given by
\begin{align}\label{eqn:action1}
S_{{\rm flat}}= \int  d^3 x\Big[
\frac{1}{2} \left(\bar \chi \gamma^\mu \partial_\mu \chi
-\partial_\mu\bar \chi \gamma^\mu  \chi \right) + s \phi\bar\chi\chi
- \frac{1}{2} \partial_\mu\phi\partial^\mu\phi + \frac{r}{2} \phi^2  + \frac{u}{4} \phi^4\Big],
\end{align}
where $\mu=0,1,2$, indices are raised or lowered by $\eta_{\mu\nu}=\text{diag}(-1,1,1)$, the (real) Majorana representation $\gamma^\mu=(i \sigma^{y}, \sigma^{x},\sigma^{z})$, with $\sigma^{\mu}$ the Pauli matrices, $\chi$ is a two-component Majorana spinor, $\phi$ is a real pseudo scalar field and  $s$, $r$, $u$ are real parameters ($u>0$).
This action is called the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa model that has a rich RG phase diagram, including an interacting supersymmetric CFT \cite{Grover,Giombi}. Upon integration of the pseudo-scalar field, one recovers a Gross-Neveu-like model that describes self-interacting Majorana fermions~\cite{Mihaila}.

The first step to map this interacting model to a geometric one is to interpret the scalar field $\phi$ in terms of a torsion tensor. In Riemann-Cartan geometry, the torsion tensor $T_{\mu\nu\kappa}$ \cite{Hehl}, can be non-zero even in the flat space. In $2+1$ dimensions this tensor can be, in general, decomposed into a vector field, a traceless rank-2 symmetric tensor and a pseudo scalar field that we identify with $\phi$ \cite{Neto}.
In fact, as fermions couple only to the completely antisymmetric part of the torsion, we can choose, without loss of generality,
\begin{equation}
T_{\mu\nu\kappa}=\frac{1}{3!}\,\epsilon_{\mu\nu\kappa}\phi,
\label{eqn:torsion}
\end{equation}
with $\epsilon_{\mu\nu\kappa}$ the Levi-Civita symbol.

\section*{Effective description with Anti-de Sitter geometry}

Even though the action~(\ref{eqn:action1}) provides an effective-field-theory description of interacting Majorana fermions, the study of its non-perturbative regime remains challenging.
As Majorana fermions are neutral, they do not couple with a $U(1)$ gauge connection. Nevertheless, besides real pseudo-scalar fields, Majorana fermions can couple to a spacetime connection.
The introduction of a non-trivial curvature is physically justified by following the Luttinger's proposal \cite{Luttinger} and its extensions in Majorana systems \cite{Stone,Ryu,Zhang}, in which thermal effects in condensed-matter systems
can be analyzed by introducing an effective curved spacetime.

Thus, we identify~(\ref{eqn:action1}) as the flat limit of a system of Majorana fermions in a Riemann-Cartan geometry.
In this way, we can take advantage of the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Witten} that can provide non-perturbative results about strongly interacting systems \cite{Zaanen}. This formalism in the case of non-zero torsion \cite{Blagojevic,Blagojevic2,Klemm} has been successfully applied in the study of free massive Majorana fermions and thermal Hall effect on the gapped boundary of three-dimensional topological superconductors \cite{Palumbo-Pachos} (see also, \cite{Golan,Smith} for further applications of gravity and curved space to two-dimensional topological superconductors).

\subsection*{Curved background}

Let us consider the higher-derivative gravitational model in $2+1$ dimensions given by the action
\begin{equation}
S_\text{RC} = \int d^3 x \sqrt{-g} \Big\{{1\over 2}\big[\bar \chi \gamma^\mu {\bm D}_\mu \chi - ({\bm D}_\mu\bar \chi)\gamma^\mu\chi\big]  + k_1{\bm R} + k_2{\bm R}^2 + k_3 {\bm R}^{\mu\nu} {\bm R}_{\mu\nu}\Big\},
\label{eqn:curved}
\end{equation}
where the geometry is described by the metric compatible Riemann-Cartan connection
\begin{equation}
{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\kappa}_{\mu\nu}={\Gamma^\kappa}_{\mu\nu}+
\frac{1}{2}\left({T_{\mu\nu}}^\kappa+{T_{\mu\,\,\,\nu}^{\,\,\kappa}}+
{T^\kappa}_{\mu\nu}\right),
\end{equation}
with ${\Gamma^\kappa}_{\mu\nu}$ the Levi-Civita connection associated to the metric $g_{\mu\nu}$, ${T_{\mu\nu}}^\kappa={\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\kappa}_{\mu\nu}-{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\kappa}_{\nu\mu}$ and $g= \det g_{\mu\nu}$.
Note that in curved space we have $\gamma^\mu = {e_a}^\mu\gamma^a$, where $\gamma^a$ are the gamma matrices defined as in (\ref{eqn:action1}) and with the dreibein ${e_a}^\mu$ fulfilling ${e_a}^\mu {e_b}^\nu g_{\mu\nu}=\eta_{ab}$.
The torsionful curvatures and spin connection are defined as
${\boldsymbol{R}^\kappa}_{\lambda\mu\nu}=\partial_\mu{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\kappa}_{\nu\lambda}-\partial_\nu{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\kappa}_{\mu\lambda}+
{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\kappa}_{\mu\xi}{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\xi}_{\nu\lambda}-{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\kappa}_{\nu\xi}{\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\xi}_{\mu\lambda}$,
$\boldsymbol{R}_{\mu\nu}={\boldsymbol{R}^\kappa}_{\mu\kappa\nu}$, $\boldsymbol{R}=g^{\mu\nu}\boldsymbol{R}_{\mu\nu}$ and
$\boldsymbol{ \Omega}_{\kappa ab}=\left(\partial_\kappa{e_a}^\mu+ {\boldsymbol{\Gamma}^\mu}_{\kappa\lambda}{e_a}^\lambda\right){e_b}^\nu g_{\mu\nu}$, respectively, so that the covariant derivative on spinors  is given by $\boldsymbol{D}_\mu = \partial_\mu + \boldsymbol{\omega}_\mu$, with $\boldsymbol{\omega}_\mu=\frac{1}{8}\boldsymbol{\Omega}_{\mu ab}[\gamma^a,\gamma^b]$.

Denoting by $R_{\mu\nu}$ and $R$ the Ricci and scalar curvatures associated to $g_{\mu\nu}$, we  obtain
\begin{equation}
\boldsymbol{R}_{\mu\nu}=R_{\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{2}{\varepsilon_{\mu\nu}}^\kappa\partial_\kappa\phi+\frac{1}{2}\phi^2g_{\mu\nu},\hskip5pt
\boldsymbol{R}=R+\frac{3}{2}\phi^2.
\end{equation}
As a result, in the flat limit, namely ${e_a}^\mu\to\delta_a^\mu$ that implies $g_{\mu\nu}\to \eta_{\mu\nu}$, the action $S_\text{RC}$ given in (\ref{eqn:curved}) reduces to the action $S_\text{flat}$ given in (\ref{eqn:action1}) when $k_1 = \frac{1}{3}r$,  $k_2 = \frac{1}{9}u-\frac{1}{3}$, $k_3=1$ and $s=\frac{3}{4}$.
We have then shown that an interacting model living in a flat spacetime can be embedded in a more general covariant geometric model. In such a model the spacetime curvature is able to take into account quantum thermal effects that characterise the original microscopic model as we will show in more details in the next sections.

\subsection*{Equations of motion}

In order  to apply the AdS/CFT correspondence, we first need to determine whether the equations of motion
\begin{equation}
{\delta S_\text{RC}\over \delta\bar{\chi}}=0, \,\,{\delta S_\text{RC}\over\delta\phi}=0\,\,\text{and} \,\,{\delta S_\text{RC}\over\delta {e_a}^\mu}=0 ,
\end{equation}
admit an AdS solution.
For this purpose we look for analytic solutions with constant curvature, $R\equiv K$, covariantly constant torsion so that $\phi\equiv T$, and maximally symmetric spinor fields $\chi$. This last condition is implemented by requiring the $\chi$ to satisfy the Killing equation \cite{Fried}
\begin{equation}
\label{Keq}
D_\mu \chi=\lambda\gamma_\mu\chi,
\end{equation}
with $D_\mu$ the torsionless covariant derivative on spinors and $\lambda$ a possibly complex number. In fact, the solutions of this equation, called Killing spinors, represent
maximally symmetric solutions of the Dirac equation in a curved spacetime. Such solutions include the AdS geometries that we are interested in.

As $\left[D_\mu,D_\nu\right]\chi=-\frac{K}{24}\left[\gamma_\mu,\gamma_\nu\right]\chi$ and (\ref{Keq}) implies $\left[D_\mu,D_\nu\right]\chi=\lambda^2\left[\gamma_\mu,\gamma_\nu\right]\chi$, we obtain that  $K=-24\lambda^2$. Therefore, real values of $\lambda$ imply a negative curvature, while purely imaginary ones a positive curvature. On the other hand, the equation of motion $\delta S_\text{RC}/\delta\bar{\chi}=0$ is satisfied by Killing spinors if and only if
\begin{equation}
\label{LambT}
\lambda=-\frac{1}{4}T,
\end{equation}
implying that $\lambda$ has to be real and the curvature negative
\begin{equation} \label{K}
K=-\frac{3}{2}T^2.
\end{equation}
A direct consequence of the reality condition of  $\lambda$ is that $\bar{\chi}\chi\equiv M$ becomes constant in space as $\partial_\mu (\bar \chi \chi) = D_\mu (\bar \chi \chi) = (D_\mu\bar\chi)\chi + \bar\chi D_\mu\chi = (-\lambda^*+\lambda)\bar\chi\gamma_\mu\chi=0$.
By taking into account (\ref{Keq}), the remaining equations $\delta S_\text{RC}/\delta\phi=0$, $\delta S_\text{RC}/\delta {e_a}^\mu=0$ reduce to the algebraic equations in $T$ and $M$
\begin{equation}
r\, T+\frac{3}{4}M = 0,\,\,\,\,\,\,
T\left(-\frac{1}{3}r\, T-\frac{1}{4}M\right) = 0.
\end{equation}
The unique solution is given by
\begin{equation}
K = -\frac{27}{32}\left({M\over r}\right)^2,  \,\,\,\,\,\,  T=-\frac{3}{4}{M\over r},
\label{eqn:solutions}
\end{equation}
corresponding to an AdS$_{2+1}$ with non-zero torsion for any $M\neq0$. We see that the Majorana ``condensation" parameter $M$ is related through (\ref{eqn:solutions}) to the radius of the AdS space which is a purely geometric quantity. This parameter, following Luttinger's approach, takes into account quantum thermal effects that we want to include in the model given in (\ref{eqn:action1}), as we shall see in the following. Moreover, the tight relation between Majorana fields and torsion exhibited by (\ref{eqn:solutions}) follows the paradigm of $3+1$ dimensions, where geometric torsion is generated by fermionic fields~\cite{Kibble}.

Differently from the higher-derivative gravity model without matter \cite{Blagojevic}, we have shown in our geometric model with matter that the torsion is not zero even at the level of the equations of motion. This is compatible with the general feature of gravitational models with fermion matter, where the spinor field is the source of torsion even at semi-classical level \cite{Hehl}.
Note that the AdS$_{2+1}$ space is defined in terms of groups by SO$(2,2)$, which contains the Lorentz group SO$(2,1)$.

\section*{Topological action}

The higher-derivative Riemann-Cartan action $S_\text{RC}$ (\ref{eqn:curved}) shares the same AdS solution with constant torsion with the following topological action \cite{Klemm}
\begin{equation}
S_\text{topo} = \int d^3 x \sqrt{-g} \Big( \boldsymbol{R} + 2\Lambda + \alpha\, \varepsilon^{\mu\nu\kappa} T_{\mu\nu\kappa}\Big),
\label{eqn:topo2}
\end{equation}
when $\Lambda = -\left({9 M\over 8 r}\right)^2$ and $\alpha={3\over 4}{M\over r}$. It is straightforward to show that the equations of motions of this action give us the AdS geometry with constant torsion and with $\Lambda<0$ the cosmological constant \cite{Klemm}. Moreover, both actions~(\ref{eqn:curved}) and~(\ref{eqn:topo2}) are time-reversal invariant due to the absence of the gravitational Chern-Simons term.
The action $S_\text{topo}$ is topological as it can be written in terms of Chern-Simons theories. In particular, the AdS$_{2+1}$ group decomposes as SO$(2,2)=\text{SO}(2,1)\times\text{SO}(2,1)$. So we can write
\begin{equation}
S_\text{topo} = {t\over 8\pi} S_\text{CS}(A) - {\bar t\over 8\pi} S_\text{CS}(\bar A),
\label{eqn:topo}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
S_\text{CS}(A) = \int d^3 x\epsilon^{\mu\nu\kappa}\textrm{tr}\Big(A_\mu \partial_\nu A_\kappa + {2 \over 3} A_\mu A_\nu A_\kappa\Big).
\end{equation}
Here, the trace is taken on the Lorentz group SO$(2,1)$, the couplings are given by $t=\bar t = \pi\sqrt{2 \over 3}{16 \over 3 }{r \over M}$ and the two independent SO$(2,1)$ gauge connections $A$ and $\bar A$ are given by
\begin{equation}
A_\mu =\boldsymbol{\omega}_\mu +q e_\mu\,\,\text{and}\,\,\bar A_\mu =\boldsymbol{\omega}_\mu -\bar q e_\mu,
\end{equation}
where $e_\mu=\frac{1}{2}\gamma_{a}{e^{a}}_{\mu}$, $q = {3\over 8}{M\over r}\big(1+\sqrt{6}\big)$ and $\bar q =  {3\over 8}{M\over r}\big(1-\sqrt{6}\big)$.
As action (\ref{eqn:topo2}) is topological but non-trivial, it implies that $A$ and $\bar A$ are pure gauge connections. This can be seen by calculating the equations of motion of~(\ref{eqn:topo}) with respect to $A$ and $\bar A$, respectively
\begin{equation}
\epsilon^{\mu\nu\kappa}F_{\mu\nu}(A)=0, \hspace{0.3cm}\epsilon^{\mu\nu\kappa}F_{\mu\nu}(\bar A)=0,
\label{eqn:flat}
\end{equation}
where $F_{\mu\nu}(A)=\partial_{\mu}A_{\nu}-\partial_{\nu}A_{\mu}+[A_{\mu},A_{\nu}]$ is the curvature tensor of $A$ (the same holds for $\bar A$).
The AdS$_{2+1}$ solution with non-zero torsion corresponds to such pure-gauge configurations.

We explain now the reason why (\ref{eqn:curved}) and~(\ref{eqn:topo2}) share the same AdS sector even in the absence of any fermionic field in Eq.~(\ref{eqn:topo2}). First, we perform the variation of fermionic Lagrangian ${\cal L}_\text{fer}$ in Eq.(\ref{eqn:curved}) in terms of dreibeins ${e_a}^\mu$ obtaining
\begin{equation}
\delta {\cal L}_\text{fer} = {G^a}_{\mu} \delta {e_a}^\mu,
\end{equation}
with ${G^a}_{\mu}$ given by
\begin{align}
\label{G}
{G^a}_{\mu}=\sqrt{-g}\Big[\frac{1}{4}\left(\bar{\chi}\gamma^{\nu}D_{\mu}\chi+\bar{\chi}\gamma_{\mu}D^{\nu}\chi\right){e^a}_{\nu}
-\frac{1}{4}\left(D^{\nu}\bar{\chi}\gamma^{\nu}\chi+D^{\nu}\bar{\chi}\gamma_{\mu}\chi\right){e^a}_{\nu}-\nonumber\\
\frac{1}{2}\left(\bar{\chi}\gamma^{\kappa}D_{\kappa}\chi-D_{\kappa}\bar{\chi}\gamma^{\kappa}\chi\right){e^a}_{\mu}-\frac{3}{4}\phi \bar{\chi}\chi {e^a}_{\mu}-\nonumber\\
\frac{1}{4}{\varepsilon_{\mu}}^{\nu\kappa}\left(D_{\lambda}\bar{\chi}\gamma^{\lambda}-\frac{3}{4}\phi\bar{\chi}\right)\gamma_{\kappa}\chi {e^a}_{\nu}-\frac{1}{4}{\varepsilon_{\mu}}^{\nu\kappa}\bar{\chi}\gamma_{\kappa}\left(\gamma^{\lambda}D_{\lambda}\chi+\frac{3}{4}\phi\chi\right){e^a}_{\nu}
\Big].
\end{align}
Then we substitute the Killing condition (\ref{Keq}) and the other conditions (\ref{LambT}), (\ref{K}), (\ref{eqn:solutions}) that give rise to the AdS solution in Eq. (\ref{G}).
The resulting expression is given by
\begin{equation}
\delta {\cal L}_\text{fer}\Big|_\text{AdS} \propto \sqrt{-g}\, \bar\chi \chi \lambda\, {e^a}_\mu \delta {e_a}^\mu = M \lambda \sqrt{-g}\, {e^a}_\mu \delta {e_a}^\mu .
\end{equation}
Here, $M=\bar\chi\chi$ is constant as shown in the previous section.
Second, we note that variation of the cosmological constant term
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_{\Lambda} = \sqrt{-g}\, \Lambda,
\end{equation}
with respect to the dreibeins is given by $\delta {\cal L}_{\Lambda} = -\Lambda \sqrt{-g}\, {e^a}_\mu \delta {e_a}^\mu$,
as $\delta  \sqrt{-g} = - \sqrt{-g} {e^a}_\mu \delta {e_a}^\mu$.
Hence, the variation of the fermionic Lagrangian with the Killing condition and the AdS solution is equal to the variation of a cosmological constant term \begin{equation}
\delta {\cal L}_\text{fer}\Big|_\text{AdS} = \delta {\cal L}_{\Lambda}
\end{equation}
for $\Lambda = -M\lambda$.
In other words, $\Lambda$ contains the information about Majorana fermions where now their dynamics is frozen due to the Killing  condition~(\ref{Keq}).
Importantly, the AdS solutions of both topological and higher-derivative actions share the same asymptotic boundary, which encodes the holographic CFT.
Moreover, any cosmological constant term does not contribute to the asymptotic boundary action or the corresponding CFT~\cite{Klemm} (see next section and Appendix).
Hence, to obtain the CFT that corresponds to $S_\text{RC}$ we can consider the AdS/CFT correspondence for $S_\text{topo}$ by following the treatment developed in Refs~\cite{Blagojevic2,Klemm} as shown next.

\vspace{0.3cm}

\section*{Holographic correspondence}

To apply the holographic correspondence to the topological action (\ref{eqn:topo}), we assume that the spacetime is diffeomorphic to $M_2\times {\cal R}$, a two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime and a radial part. We parametrise this space with the local coordinates $x^\mu=(x^i,\rho)$ ($i=0,1$), with $\rho$ the radial coordinate and with $M_2$ the spacetime on which the dual CFT lives.
We then solve the equations~(\ref{eqn:flat}) and expand the $(2+1)$-dimensional line element $ds^{2}$ by using the Fefferman-Graham expansion \cite{Klemm}
\begin{equation}
ds^{2}=[e^{2\rho}g_{ij}+k_{ij}+k_{ji}+e^{-2\rho}\eta_{AB}{k^{A}}_{i}{k^{B}}_{j}]dx^{i}dx^{j}+l^{2}d\rho^{2},
\end{equation}
where $A,B=0,1$ are the spacetime indices of the tangent space to the boundary $M_2$, $l = \sqrt{2\over 3}{4 \over 3}{r \over M}$, $k_{ij}$ is the extrinsic curvature on the asymptotic (1+1)-dimensional boundary and ${k^{A}}_{j}=e^{Ai}k_{ij}$, with $e_{Ai}$ the {\it zweibein}.
In the asymptotic limit $\rho\to \infty$, there appears a divergence similar to the standard ultraviolet divergences in quantum field theory.
This divergence can be regularised by adding a counter-term $S_\text{topo}^\text{c.t.}$, given by
\begin{equation}
S_\text{topo}^\text{c.t.}=-\frac{4}{l}\int_{M_{2}}\epsilon_{AB}\epsilon^{ij}{k^{A}}_{i}{e^{B}}_{j}.
\end{equation}
As explained in Ref. \cite{Bala}, this subtraction depends only on the intrinsic geometry of the boundary. The counter-term is defined once and for all, differently from the
prescription involving embedding the boundary in a fixed reference frame.

In this way, ii the holographic energy-momentum tensor ${\tau_A}^i$ is given by
\begin{equation}
{\tau_A}^i = {2\pi \over |e|}{\delta (S_\text{topo}+S_\text{topo}^\text{c.t.}) \over \delta {e^A}_i} = {2\pi \over |e|}{4\over l} \epsilon^{ij}\epsilon_{AB}{k^B}_j,
\end{equation}
where $|e|$ is the determinant of ${e^A}_i$. Importantly, the boundary torsion is zero and the spin connection is then determined completely by the zweibein. By taking the trace of the energy-momentum tensor we find
\begin{equation}
\tau = {e^A}_i{\tau_A}^i = 2\pi l R,
\end{equation}
where $R$ is the 1+1-dimensional scalar curvature of the boundary. This represents the conformal anomaly of the dual CFT that can be rewritten as follows~\cite{Blagojevic2,Klemm}
\begin{equation}
\tau={c\over 24} R,
\end{equation}
with central charge
\begin{equation}
c = 64\pi\sqrt{2\over 3}{r\over M}.
\label{eqn:c}
\end{equation}
Hence, we have obtained that the central charge is proportional to the coupling $r$, which represents the effective mass of the pseudo-scalar field. Importantly, the central charge measures the degrees of freedom of the CFT and contains information about the corresponding specific heat when the temperature $T_{h}$ approaches zero.

\section*{Specific heat}

In two dimensions, free massless Dirac fermions in Dirac materials have specific heat, $C_\text{v}$, that scales quadratically with temperature, $T_\text{h}$ \cite{Balatsky}. This behaviour is also true for free massless Majoranas. In the presence of Coulomb interactions Dirac fermions have a specific heat that scales linearly with $T_\text{h}$. Hence, the change in the behaviour of the specific heat can witness the presence of interactions between Dirac fermions. On the other hand it is not known what the effect of interactions is on the specific heat of Majorana fermions. Moreover, as Majorana fermions are neutral their thermal behaviour is one of the few manifestations we have to probe their properties. Hence, it is of importance to understand which role interactions play in these lower-dimensional relativistic Majorana systems and how they change their thermal behaviour.

In the previous section we derived that the two-dimensional interacting gapless Majorana system given in (\ref{eqn:action1}) is effectively described by the dual CFT with central charge $c$ given by (\ref{eqn:c}). With this result at hand we are able to quantify the role interactions have in the specific heat of our model (\ref{eqn:action1}).
The specific heat $C_\text{v}$ of a CFT when $T_\text{h}\rightarrow 0$ is related to the conformal anomaly and its value is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{heat}
C_\text{v}=\frac{\pi}{6}\, c\, K_\text{B}^{2} T_\text{h},
\end{eqnarray}
where $K_\text{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant (we have fixed the velocity of light to unity) \cite{Affleck1986, Cardy1986,Cappelli}.
This expression demonstrates that $C_\text{v}$ scales linearly with temperature, when $T_\text{h}\rightarrow 0$, reflecting the behaviour of interacting Dirac fermions. As our theoretical model given in (\ref{eqn:action1}) is defined in the continuum there is no energy scale to compare $T_\text{h}$. So the limit of small temperatures, where (\ref{heat}) is valid, is rather formal. An energy scale to compare $T_\text{h}$ can be obtained once we identify the underlying microscopic lattice model that gives effectively rise to the continuum model (\ref{eqn:action1}). Then the finite lattice spacing provides the energy scale for the temperature to be compared with~\cite{Calabrese}.

Equation (\ref{heat}) represents the main result of our work that demonstrates the linear dependence of specific heat to temperature for the case of interacting Majorana particles \cite{Nasu3}. Our result paves the way for understanding the behaviour of two-dimensional interacting Majorana models in the non-perturbative regime. Our result applies only to the regime, $T_\text{h}\rightarrow 0$. So, at this stage we do not have a derivation of $C_\text{v}$ for our interacting model, $S_\text{flat}$, at finite temperature. However, the Luttinger's approach is very general and this implies that our results can be extended to the finite-temperature case by considering suitable geometric solutions. In fact, it is well known that the holographic correspondence allows to calculate finite-temperature thermal quantities in CFTs by considering black-hole solutions \cite{Zaanen}. In particular, our CFT at finite temperature would be dual to a BTZ (Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli) black hole \cite{BTZ}, which is a solution of the topological action (\ref{eqn:topo2}) \cite{Blagojevic,Klemm}. Thus, we are confident that our approach can be extended to finite temperature. However, these calculations are beyond the scope of this work and the derivation of the finite-temperature specific heat for interacting Majoranas will be analysed in future work.

\section*{Conclusions}

Here, we considered a two-dimensional interacting Majorana system described by a Gross-Neveu-Yukawa model. This system can become of physical relevance. Experiments with dense configurations of Majoranas are currently realised that could give rise to interactions such as the ones described by  $S_\text{flat}$. The thermal effects in such systems are not readily amenable to current numerical or analytical methods. Nevertheless, by employing the holographic correspondence we were able to identify the specific heat of this system at the zero temperature limit. We found that the interactions change the behaviour of the specific heat. While the specific heat of free gapless Majorana systems scale quadratically with temperature, the presence of interactions makes this scaling linear.

Being able to identify the change in the behaviour of specific heat  in a system from quadratic to linear could allow us to experimentally reveal the presence of strong interactions in novel topological phases supporting interacting Majorana fermions on their boundary \cite{Affleck2,Grover}. In fact, the existence of chiral Majorana fermions on the boundary of two-dimensional systems was recently demonstrated by measuring their thermal Hall conductivity \cite{Stern}. In the case of time-reversal invariant topological phases, the Hall conductivity is always zero and the specific heat is the main thermal observable related to topologically protected Majoranas.

Finally, a specific heat that scales linearly in temperature, $T_\text{h}$, was recently demonstrated for a two-dimensional system of free Majoranas that can support thermally excited vortices~\cite{Nasu3}. This behaviour is witnessed for temperatures above a characteristic temperature, where a crossover is induced to a regime where thermally excited vortices proliferate. This characteristic suggests that the linear behaviour of the specific heat is exclusively due to the Majorana binding vortices in the system. In contrast, we expect the linear dependence of $C_\text{v}$ in our system to occur at small temperatures, $T_\text{h}\to 0$. Our interacting Majorana system, rewritten as the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa model in (\ref{eqn:action1}), describes free Majorana fermions coupled to a dynamical pseudo scalar field $\phi$. In two dimensions we can view quantum vortices as point-like defects that can behave similarly to dislocations in lattice models. Static dislocations can be described by the Burgers vector, which becomes the torsion field in the continuum limit \cite{Vozmediano,Zaanen2,Fradkin}. It is intriguing to rigorously determine if an effective interpretation of the interacting Majorana system in terms of free Majoranas coupled to dynamical vortices is possible. Such a description would facilitate us to identify the mean field theory that faithfully describes the interacting model or to build efficient numerical approximations to simulate the 2D interacting system. We leave these tasks to a future project.

\section*{Appendix}
Here, we reproduce some of the results of Ref.~\cite{Klemm}, where they show that the cosmological constant does not contribute to the boundary stress-energy tensor.
We start considering the gravitational topological Lagrangian in Eq. (\ref{eqn:topo2}) rewritten in terms of form
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal L}_\text{topo}= e_{A}\wedge R^{A}+ \frac{\Lambda}{3}\epsilon^{ABC}e_{A}\wedge e_{B}\wedge e_{C}+\alpha e_{A}\wedge T^{A}= \nonumber \\
e_{A}\wedge d\omega^{A}+\epsilon^{ABC} e_{A}\wedge \omega_{B}\wedge \omega_{C}+ \frac{\Lambda}{3}\epsilon^{ABC}e_{A}\wedge e_{B}\wedge e_{C}+\nonumber \\
\alpha e_{A}\wedge de^{A}+\alpha \epsilon^{ABC}e_{A}\wedge \omega_{B}\wedge e_{C},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\wedge$ is the wedge product and $e_{A}$ and  $\omega_{A}$ are the dreibein and spin connection forms, respectively and $R^{A}$ and $T^{A}$ are the curvature and torsion forms, respectively.
We then have that
\begin{align}
\delta {\cal L}_\text{topo}=
\delta e_{A}\wedge d\omega^{A}+e_{A}\wedge d \delta \omega^{A}+ \epsilon^{ABC} \delta e_{A}\wedge \omega_{B}\wedge \omega_{C}+\nonumber \\
2\epsilon^{ABC} e_{A}\wedge \omega_{B}\wedge \delta \omega_{C}
+\Lambda\epsilon^{ABC}e_{A}\wedge e_{B}\wedge \delta e_{C}+
\alpha \delta e_{A}\wedge de^{A}+\alpha  e_{A}\wedge d \delta e^{A}+\nonumber \\
\alpha \epsilon^{ABC}e_{A}\wedge \delta\omega_{B}\wedge  e_{C}
+2\alpha \epsilon^{ABC}\delta e_{A}\wedge \omega_{B}\wedge e_{C}.
\end{align}
Only the terms in the above equation that can be written as total derivatives in the AdS spacetime $M_{3}$ contribute to the boundary action in $M_{2}=\partial M_{3}$.
In fact, we have that
\begin{eqnarray}
\int_{M^{3}} e_{A}\wedge d \delta \omega^{A}+\alpha  e_{A}\wedge d \delta e^{A}=\nonumber \\
\int_{M^{3}} d(e_{A}\wedge \delta \omega^{A}+\alpha  e_{A}\wedge \delta e^{A})-\int_{M^{3}} (d e_{A}\wedge  \delta \omega^{A}+\alpha  d e_{A}\wedge \delta e^{A})= \nonumber \\
\int_{M^{2}} (e_{A}\wedge \delta \omega^{A}+\alpha  e_{A}\wedge \delta e^{A})-\int_{M^{3}} (d e_{A}\wedge  \delta \omega^{A}+\alpha  d e_{A}\wedge \delta e^{A}).
\end{eqnarray}
Thus, only the first two terms in the last line above contribute to the boundary action on $M_{2}$ because of the Stokes theorem (namely, they are total derivative).
Hence, the cosmological constant, which cannot be written as a total derivative term as well as the fermionic action with the Killing condition do not contribute to the boundary action.
This implies that these terms do not contribute neither to the boundary stress-energy tensor.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Списание "Инфо" е българско онлайн научно-популярно издание за наука, технологии, природа и бизнес.

Офисът на редакцията на списанието е в гр. Айтос. Последната публикация е от декември 2013 г.

Основните рубрики в списанието са:
 Бизнес и икономика
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Публикациите в някои от основните рубрики се публикуват в подрубрики с по-специализирана тематика. Има възможност за коментари от читатели. Списанието се издава основно в електронен вид. Списанието предлага на редовните си читатели възможност да се абонират за новите публикации. За желаещите да закупят книжно издание, се отпечатват колекционерски броеве, като публикациите в тях не са подредени по хронологичен ред, а по тема на съответния брой. Изданието предлага възможност за безплатно разпространение на тези броеве в електронен вид, под формата на pdf файлове, които са свободно достъпни. Списанието е с научно-популярен облик и е предназначено за широк кръг от читатели.

Списанието е създадено през 2012 година. Тематичните броеве, които са публикувани през 2012 г., са:
 Брой 1 / 2012: Петунията – непретенциозната красавица на градината;
 Брой 2 / 2012: Екобрикетите – производство, машини, цени;
 Брой 3 / 2012: ГМО. За или против генното модифициране.

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Основани в България през 2012 година


text:
Q: How make rest service to use only TLS V1.2 using java or spring libraries? The service provider who is hosting a rest service is asking to communicate using TLS version 1.2 only.
So now I need to make my application to communicate with that service using TLS v 1.2.
I know, in java8 we have an option of disabling the legacy version of TLS and SSL using the property jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms=SSLv3, RC4 in java.security file.
But in a server there will be other process using the same java settings, so I'm worried like if I change for that property in java.security file, then it will be applicable to other services which are using the same settings.
Question:
I would like to know if there is any other way to make my rest calls use only particular TLS version, through application code using java/spring libraries ?

A: Create a SSLContext to use the required protocol:
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2");
sslContext.init(null, null, null);

If the client code or library uses HttpsURLConnection then you can set the default SSLSocketFactory for all the HTTS Connections:
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());

Or at a per connection level:
HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = ....;
urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
urlConnection.connect();

Different libraries may have different systems to provide the SSLSocketFactory or SSLContext.
For example, if you are using JAX-RS, you can create a REST client that uses the SSLContext with:
Client client = ClientBuilder.newBuilder().sslContext(sslContext).build();


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text:
require_plugin 'viking'
require_plugin 'acts_as_scribe'

# require the will_paginate as a gem. This could be ´config.gem´ as well.
require "will_paginate"

Tog::Plugins.settings :tog_core,  'language.default'          => "en",
                                  'host.name'                 => "0.0.0.0",
                                  'host.port'                 => 3000,
                                  'site.name'                 => "toginstallation.com",
                                  'mail.system_from_address'  => "Tog Admin <tog@linkingpaths.com>",
                                  'mail.default_subject'      => "[Tog Installation] ",
                                  'patch_field_error_proc'    => true,
                                  'pagination_size'           => 50

Tog::Plugins.settings :tog_core,  'spam.engine' => '', # 'defensio' || 'akismet'
                                  'spam.key'    => '', # api key
                                  'spam.url'    => ''  # url registered in spam engine

Tog::Plugins.settings :tog_core,  'sanitized.allowed_tags'       => (ActionView::Base.sanitized_allowed_tags.to_a + %w( object param embed )).join(' '),
                                  'sanitized.allowed_attributes' => (ActionView::Base.sanitized_allowed_attributes.to_a + %w( name width height value src href )).join(' '),
                                  'sanitized.comments.allowed_tags' => ActionView::Base.sanitized_allowed_tags.to_a.join(' '),
                                  'sanitized.comments.allowed_attributes' => ActionView::Base.sanitized_allowed_attributes.to_a.join(' ')

Tog::Plugins.settings :tog_core,  'storage' => 'filesystem',
                                  'storage.filesystem.path' => ':rails_root/public/system/:class/:attachment/:id/:style_:basename.:extension'

# Comment out this lines to enable s3
# Tog::Plugins.settings :tog_core,  'storage' => 's3',
#                                   'storage.s3.path' => 'system/:class/:attachment/:id/:style_:basename.:extension',
#                                   'storage.s3.url' => ":s3_domain_url",
#                                   'storage.s3.bucket' => 'tog',
#                                   'storage.s3.access_key_id' => 'YOUR_KEY_HERE',
#                                   'storage.s3.secret_access_key' => 'YOUR_KEY_HERE'

require "active_record_helper_patch"
require "acts_as_commentable_patch"
require "reloadable_plugins_patch"
require "url_writer_retardase_inhibitor"

require "i18n" unless defined?(I18n)
Dir[File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/locale/**/*.yml'].each do |file|
  I18n.load_path << file
end

Tog::Plugins.helpers CoreHelper

Tog::Interface.sections(:admin).add "Home", "/admin/dashboard"

manage = Tog::Interface.sections(:admin).add "Manage", "/admin/configuration"
manage.add_item "Configuration", "/admin/configuration"
manage.add_item "Comments", "/admin/comments"
manage.add_item "Abuses", "/admin/manage_abuses"

Tog::Interface.sections(:member).add "Home", "/"
Tog::Interface.sections(:site).add "Home", "/"