text:
La caractérisation d'un matériau consiste à en analyser les propriétés. Elle s'effectue par des essais pouvant être normalisés, qui sont de plusieurs classes : mécaniques, physiques, chimiques et physico-chimiques. Ceux-ci mettent en œuvre des principes physiques de mécanique, thermodynamique, interactions rayonnement-matière

Essais mécaniques

Les essais mécaniques sont couramment utilisés en production car ils permettent d'obtenir rapidement des données sur les matériaux au moyen d'appareils de mesure relativement simples.

Les essais mécaniques les plus classiques, communs à la plupart des matériaux, comprennent :
 les essais de résistance des matériaux :
 traction : on sollicite une éprouvette en traction uniaxiale jusqu'à la rupture pour en déterminer des caractéristiques mécaniques telles que le module de Young E, l'allongement à la rupture A%, la limite d'élasticité R ou σ et la résistance à la traction R. Voir aussi Dynamomètre,
 compression,
 ,
 flexion,
 torsion,
 dureté : on applique sur une éprouvette un pénétrateur sous une certaine charge F. Il existe plusieurs essais selon le type de dureté évaluée (Meyer, Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers et Shore). Voir aussi Échelle de Mohs ;
 les essais de fatigue : on fait subir un nombre important de cycles à des éprouvettes, ce qui permet de déterminer pour la géométrie choisie :
 limite d'endurance,
 courbe de Wöhler,
 vitesses de propagation de fissure ;
 les essais cycliques (analyse mécanique dynamique) : on sollicite par exemple la matière en traction-compression à une fréquence donnée. Grâce à une modélisation du diagramme contrainte-déformation, on obtient le module de Young complexe, le facteur d'amortissement et, dans certains cas, le coefficient de Poisson ν. Cela est particulièrement nécessaire pour l'étude des polymères (soumis au vieillissement) et de leur état (vitreux, caoutchouteux ou amorphe) ;
 les essais de mécanique de la rupture :
 résilience : on rompt une éprouvette entaillée en U ou en V en son milieu à l'aide d'un mouton-pendule Charpy,
 ténacité ;
 les essais étudiant la vitesse de déformation (fluage, relaxation, rhéologie).

Dans les aciers, les essais les plus classiques sont les essais de traction, de dureté, de résilience, de fatigue et de compression.

Analyses physico-chimiques

Interaction rayonnement-matière
Les principales techniques utilisant l'interaction rayonnement-matière sont :
 microscopie :
 microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) : elle est une technique de microscopie électronique basée sur le principe des interactions électrons-matière,
 microscopie électronique en transmission (MET) : on bombarde d'un faisceau d'électrons un échantillon mince principalement pour en obtenir la figure de diffraction,
 microscope optique : la simple et traditionnelle observation à l'échelle microscopique,
 microscope ionique à effet de champ,
 microscope à effet tunnel,
 microscope à sonde locale,
 microscope à force atomique (AFM) ;
 rayons X :
 diffraction des rayons X,
 analyse dispersive en énergie (EDS ou EDX),
 analyse dispersive en longueur d'onde (WDS ou WDX),
 fluorescence X,
 diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS),
 spectroscopie des pertes d'énergie (EELS),
 spectrométrie photoélectronique X (XPS),
 spectroscopie des éléctrons Auger (AES),
 radiographie ;
 rayonnement optique :
 spectroscopie ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis),
 spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF ou FTIR en anglais),
 thermoluminescence,
 photoluminescence ;
 rayon de neutrons :
 diffraction de neutrons,
 diffraction de neutrons aux petits angles (SANS),
 neutronographie,
 activation neutronique ;
 spectroscopie de masse :
 spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires (SIMS) ;
 spectroscopie RMN.

Analyse thermique
Les techniques d'analyse thermique font appel à la thermodynamique ; elles comprennent la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC) et l'analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG).

Essais non destructifs
La plupart des techniques de caractérisation sont dites destructives car le matériau est endommagé à l'issue du test. Les techniques de contrôle dites non destructives, au contraire, ne dégradent pas le matériau.

Grâce à ces méthodes, on peut, par exemple, tester la qualité mécanique (absence de fissuration et corrosion) de chaque pièce à l'issue de la production de pièces aéronautiques ou lors de leur vérification en maintenance.

Articles connexes
 Science des matériaux
 Échantillon (matière)
 Mise en forme d'un matériau
 Liste de propriétés d'un matériau
 Méthode des champs virtuels
 Caractérisation des déchets
 Minatec

Notes et références

Matériau
+

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Thank you for signing up for PPMD's email updates.
Please fill out the following so we can learn a little bit more about you.
Email: Required
AK AL AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VA VT WA WI WV WY AS FM GU MH MP PR PW VI AA AE AP AB BC MB NB NL NS NT NU ON PE QC SK YT None
ZIP / Postal Code: Required
United States Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Bonaire, Sint Eustatios and Saba Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote D'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Curacao Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea The Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and McDonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iraq Ireland Islamic Republic of Iran Isle of Man Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory, Occupied Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Plurinational State of Bolivia Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Barthelemy Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Martin (French) Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles S. Georgia & S. Sandwich Isls. Sierra Leone Singapore Sint Maarten (Dutch) Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan, Province of China Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania Uruguay USA Minor Outlying Islands Uzbekistan Vanuatu Viet Nam Virgin Islands (British) Virgin Islands (USA) Wallis and Futuna Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
Date of Birth: Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Year 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Yes, I would like to receive email from Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy
Yes, I would like to receive postal mail from Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy
Keep me logged in. What's this?
Remembers your login information for your convenience. Use only on trusted, private computers.
Question - Not Required - Cell Phone:
* Question - Required - What is your connection to Duchenne/Becker?
Please select response I have Duchenne/Becker. I have a child with Duchenne/Becker. I have a sibling with Duchenne/Becker. I have a friend/loved one with Duchenne/Becker. I am a healthcare professional. I am a researcher or industry representative. I have a student with Duchenne/Becker. I have no personal connection to Duchenne/Becker.
Topics you're interested in hearing about
Question - Not Required - LET US KNOW WHAT UPDATES YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT:
Coach To Cure MD
Race to End Duchenne
Note: By signing up you will be added to our email mailing list and receive our newsletters and other updates. You can unsubscribe at any time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Public Universities
Utilities & Permitting
Labor & Data
Tourism & Film
Business Research & Workforce Development
Minority & Small Business
Entrepreneurs & Startups
Continental Tire and Mississippi
V-Quad Incubator Network
Business and Community Development
Compliance Bureau
Hometown Retirement
ASPIRE Mississippi
Executive & Management Team
Doing Business with MDA (RFPs)
Mississippi Stories
Logos & Publications
Disaster Recovery Division
Gulf Coast Restoration Fund
Independent Schools' COVID-19 Assistance Grant Program
Healthcare Providers PPE and Testing Reimbursement Program
MDA accepting applications for Gulf Coast Restoration Fund
Jackson, Mississippi — July 10, 2020 — The Mississippi Development Authority has begun taking applications for the Gulf Coast Restoration Fund.
Representatives from MDA, as well as members of the GCRF advisory board, will review the projects and make recommendations to the Legislature. Legislators will fund selected projects during the 2021 session. This money will be used to stimulate growth and economic development in the lower six counties: Harrison, Hancock, Jackson, George, Stone and Pearl River.
Those eligible to apply include local governments, nongovernmental organizations, colleges and universities, community colleges, ports, airports, public-private partnerships, private entities, nonprofit groups and local economic development groups.
Mississippi reached a settlement with BP in 2016 for $750 million over the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, which happened in April of 2010. The state received an initial payment of $150 million and will receive $40 million annually from 2019 through 2033.
Applications can be found online at mississippi.org/gcrf. The deadline for submissions is 11:59 p.m. Friday, Aug. 28.
Categories and Search
Search in https://mississippi.org/
Select a category Select a Category Advanced Manufacturing Aerospace Agribusiness Automotive Data Centers & IT Distribution & Warehousing Energy Entrepreneur General Health Care Infrastructure Shipbuilding
501 North West Street,	Jackson, Mississippi 39201
Post Office Box 849	Jackson, Mississippi 39205
P: 601.359.3449	/ 800.360.3323
Visit our Twitter page.
MDA Employees
©2021 Mississippi Development Authority. All Rights Reserved. By continuing to browse this site, you're accepting the use of cookies. See our Privacy Policy.


An experienced news broadcaster with 18 Emmy Awards to date, Carlos Amezcua is the News Anchor for KTTV FOX 11 in Los Angeles, California. His duties as Anchor include planning, writing, reporting, and delivering daily newscasts. Carlos Amezcua has an impressive background of breaking news reporting and holds numerous awards for his talent.
Before his role at KTTV, Carlos Amezcua worked for the KTLA-TV broadcast company in Hollywood, California. Carlos Amezcua anchored and hosted the KTLA Morning News, a morning news segment that was replicated around the nation with great success. During his time at KTLA-TV, Carlos Amezcua assisted in the growth of the early morning news program from a modest segment to a news show that generated more than $50 million in revenue. The show was the top morning news segment in Los Angeles for over a decade.
Join Today to follow and contact Carlos Amezcua.


text:
Flora of Zimbabwe
Monadenium spinulosum S. Carter
Map of QDS records from Zimbabwe only: View records from all countries
The map shows the QDS records in our database. The aim is to show the natural distribution of the species, so records where the plants are known, or are suspected, to have been planted are excluded.
Copyright: Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings and Meg Coates Palgrave, 2002-23
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2023). Flora of Zimbabwe: Google maps: Monadenium spinulosum.
https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/utilities/google-maps-display-qds.php?species_id=136490&ishow_id=0, retrieved 30 January 2023
Site software last modified: 15 October 2018 11:45am (GMT +2)


text:
Howard University Teams With Amazon Studios To Launch Howard Entertainment
By Dino-Ray Ramos
Dino-Ray Ramos
Associate Editor/Reporter
@DinoRay
More Stories By Dino-Ray
NBCUniversal & Geena Davis Institute Expand 'Spellcheck For Bias' Partnership To Address Black And AAPI Representation – Update
New Hollywood Podcast: Wunmi Mosaku Talks The Twists And Turns Of 'Loki' And Her Hollywood Journey
New Hollywood Podcast: 'Zola' Director Janicza Bravo Talks Adapting One Of The Wildest Viral Social Media Moments In History
October 11, 2019 5:00am
Howard University and Amazon Studios have teamed to launch Howard Entertainment, a program designed to diversify the entertainment industry by creating a pipeline for African-American students and other marginalized populations to train and study alongside entertainment executives.
The immersive program, which kicks off January 2020, will be two semesters and take place in Los Angeles. It will include a unique interdisciplinary curriculum and will also include hands-on work as well as an opprotunity to network with Amazon's industry partners. It will offer Howard University students the opportunity to take academic courses during the spring semester and participate in a fellowship embedded in the entertainment industry during the summer semester. The coursework will be applied to the student's graduation requirements.
Amazon Studios Head Jennifer Salke Touts Strong Viewership Of SAG Nominees 'Being The Ricardos' & 'Tender Bar', Addresses Theatrical Windows Flexibility
"The vision of Howard Entertainment is to offer a one-of-a-kind experience for students interested in all aspects of entertainment, from project greenlighting, to PR and marketing, to entertainment law and finance," said President Wayne A. I. Frederick, M.D., MBA. "This relationship aligns with Howard's strategic goals of enhancing academic excellence and inspiring new knowledge. Collaborating with Amazon Studios will enable us to marry academia and industry efforts to build a robust workforce of diverse entertainment industry leaders. With Howard's proven track record of developing some of Hollywood's most notable actors, comedians and musicians, this next level collaboration will enable us to have even greater impact."
"Amazon Studios has been working to create new pathways into the industry for talented students of all backgrounds and we are proud to team with Howard on this new program supporting aspiring entertainment leaders" adds Jennifer Salke, Head of Amazon Studios. "As we strive to delight our Prime Video customers, we're ensuring there are diverse perspectives and experiences around the table to help us make the best decisions in all aspects of the business."
To qualify, students must be enrolled as a Howard University student, must be an upperclassman or graduate student and will have to complete an application and interview to be considered for the program. Students will be taught by Howard faculty who will be supported by Amazon Studios employees and other industry professionals invited by Amazon. This will give students to work in projects that offer "real world" application and will help students develop "work ready" skills prior to graduating.
Howard Entertainment


What Is The Law On Storing Firearms In Colorado?
In this month's video, U.S. Law Shield Independent Program Attorney Doug Richards explains your legal responsibility as a gun owner when it comes to storing firearms in your home. There is the potential for both criminal and civil liability if done improperly.


Wood Plastic Composite Production with Plug&Play wood drying process - YouTube.WPC Wood Plastic Composite production video using the state of the art "Plug&Play" material blending and drying process. .. wood plastic composites Machine 4,997 views 1:55 Rubber tiles - Equipment for the production of rubber tiles - Rubber Tile Machine ..
Wood Plastic Composites - A Primer - University of Tennessee.Wood Plastic Composites - A Primer - 3 Funding was provided by the Wood Education and Resource Center and .. process. In addition, moisture in wood can create voids in the final product and thus adversely affect mechanical properties. Moisture vary based ..
the best wood plastic composite molding process.Injection Molding Wood-Plastic Composites : Plastics Technology Injection Molding Wood-Plastic Composites .. be run smoothly through traditional injection molding equipment with minimal adjustments to process .. While WPCs are best suited to parts with thick ..
Processing Considerations in the Recycling of Wood-Plastic Composites.Processing Considerations in the Recycling of Wood-Plastic Composites Peyman Shahi, Amir Hossein Behravesh* .. Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation on the reprocessing of the wood plastic composites in extrusion process with ..
Wood Plastic Composites Plastic Composite Material.Wood Plastic Composites An Overview by K.ARAVIND KUMAR by mkrishnan_397438 in Types > Presentations and composite .. mixing wood flour or fiber & plastics to produce a material that can be processed like a conventional plastic & has the best ..


text:
Q: React Native (Android) Windows 10 debugging - Source map not loading correctly I have a react native project that I have started on my macbook some months ago. No problems with source maps on Chrome DevTools or React Native Debugger. Recently I got a Windows 10 laptop for gaming. But I would like to also use the Windows PC for developing the React Native app.
I followed all the steps on the React Native website for setting up the dev environment on Windows 10 for Android development (with react-native-cli - not expo). I can run my existing RN project on Windows. Works fine installing on emulator or device.
The problem is that the source map does not load correctly. On my macbook (and also on my ubuntu VM) the source map loads in a tree like structure as one would expect. But on Windows 10 Chrome DevTools (and RN Debugger) the source map seems to load all the source files (including the node-modules) in one big list like this:

Has anyone else experienced this and found a solution?
It works painlessly on mac and ubuntu.

A: OK so after countless hours of pulling my hair out as to why this didn't work properly on Windows Chrome DevTools and RN Debugger for Windows, I started looking for alternatives.
My solution is to just use Visual Studio Code React Native Tools extension. It works great. I can just debug the app directly in VS Code instead of using chrome at all. No need for source maps when debugging directly in the editor.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
U.S. Catholic Historian
Cyprian Davis—Monk, Historian, Teacher, Agent of Hope
Raymond Studzinski O.S.B.
Volume 28, Number 1, Winter 2010
10.1353/cht.0.0030
Purchase/rental options available:
Buy Article for $14.00 (USD)
In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
Memory has a redeeming power within history, theologians and philosophers have claimed, in that uncovering past experience can generate a hope for the future.1 This perspective on the human ability to bring forward past events is close to a biblical and liturgical notion of memory which approaches it not so much as recall as an action whereby something from the past becomes powerfully available in the present through divine power.2 Memory in this view fuels ongoing liberation and so continues to spark hope. Keeping memories alive has been a focus of much of Cyprian Davis's life and work as a monk and as a church historian and especially as an historian of African-American Catholics in the United States. Through recalling memories he has given hope to lots of people. Davis has brought to the forefront many things long forgotten about black Catholics involvement in their country and in their Church and so given them a history which grounds them and provides a springboard for their future. He has had a long fascination with history and has himself experienced some striking historical transitions in Church and country that have left their mark on him personally and professionally. He knows the power of memory from the inside out.
Cyprian Davis grew up in Washington, D.C., the son of two Washington educators. His father taught at Howard University and his mother taught in the D.C. school system. The extended family included two gentlemen who had distinguished themselves respectively as the first African-American general in the United States Army and as the first African-American general in the United States Air Force. Davis was born on September 9, 1930. He attended Dunbar High School in the District, graduating [End Page 93] in 1948. His interest in history as a youth led to a fascination with the Catholic Church and at the age of fifteen he was received into the Church. He reports having devoured books on history in his youth. His freshman year of college was spent at the Catholic University of America in Washington. His reading had also triggered his interest in monasticism and at the university he met a monk of St. Meinrad Abbey (later Archabbey) who was a doctoral student at the university. This monk suggested contacting and visiting St. Meinrad in southern Indiana. His subsequent visit to St. Meinrad led to his coming to the college run by the monks and then entering the novitiate of the abbey in 1950. In 1951 he professed vows as a monk of the abbey and took the name of Cyprian as his monastic name (his given name was Clarence). Thus began his long career as a Benedictine monk and member of St. Meinrad. While not the first African-American to enter the community, he was the first to make final vows. He continued his education at St. Meinrad Seminary and was ordained a priest in 1956.
Shortly after ordination he returned to the Catholic University of America to complete the requirements for an S.T.L. degree. He returned to St. Meinrad for one year spent teaching history and then went on to pursue the License in Historical Sciences at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium. After receiving the license in 1963, he returned to St. Meinrad to teach but subsequently began doctoral studies at Louvain and received the doctorate in historical sciences in 1977 from Louvain. While in Louvain he lived with the monks at the monastery of Mont César (now Keizersberg). He recalls the excitement he and others had of having contact with monks who were involved in the preliminary work leading up to the Second Vatican Council. His focus during his graduate studies was primarily on the middle ages and medieval monasticism. His doctoral dissertation was entitled "The Familia at Cluny, 900–1350." Many in the monastic world would recognize Cyprian Davis as an accomplished monastic historian. Beginning in 1963, he has introduced countless classes of novices at St. Meinrad to monastic history. Davis himself describes his avoiding studying American history during his graduate years because of the...
You are not currently authenticated.
If you would like to authenticate using a different subscribed institution or have your own login and password to Project MUSE
Buy Digital Article for $14.00 (USD)
Launched on MUSE


text:
Route 9 Safety and Operations Study
[ARCHIVED] Loudoun Board of Supervisors to Hold Emergency Business Meeting March 25
The original item was published from March 24, 2020 2:07 PM to March 24, 2020 2:09 PM
The Loudoun County Board of Supervisors will hold an emergency business meeting Wednesday, March 25, 2020, at 2:00 p.m. to address the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The items on the Board's agenda are:
Passage of an emergency ordinance to identify how the Board of Supervisors will meet remotely.
Ratification of the County Administrator's decision to adjust transit service delivery and waiver of fees during the COVID-19 event.
An update on the county's COVID-19 pandemic response.
Documents prepared for the emergency meeting will be posted on the county's website.
Board of Supervisors meetings are held in the Board Room of the Loudoun County Government Center, 1 Harrison Street, S.E. in Leesburg.
While Board of Supervisors meetings are open to the public, the county strongly encourages residents to observe social distancing protocols as a public health measure to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and watch or listen to the meetings, which are televised on Comcast Government Channel 23, Open Band Channel 40, and Verizon FiOS Channel 40 and livestreamed at loudoun.gov/webcast.
More information about the Board of Supervisors is available at loudoun.gov/bos.
Visit loudoun.gov/coronavirus for information about the COVID-19 and to sign up for email and text updates.
BOARD AGENDAS & DOCUMENTS
County Resources
ADA Accessibility/Language Access
Public Records Requests (FOIA)
Council of Governments
Northern Virginia Regional Commission
Privacy Policy/Copyright Notices
Loudoun County Government Mailing Address: P.O. Box 7000, Leesburg, VA 20177 Phone: 703-777-0100
Government Center Location: 1 Harrison St. SE, Leesburg, VA 20175


text:
Jelena Pavlovna Ruská (24. prosince 1784 – 24. září 1803) byla dcerou velkoknížete, později cara Pavla I. Ruského a jeho druhé manželky Žofie Doroty Württemberské. Po sňatku se synem a dědicem meklenbursko-zvěřínského velkovévody přestala užívat svůj ruský titul.

Život
Velkokněžna Jelena Pavlovna se narodila v Petrohradě, hlavním městě Ruského impéria. Příchod druhé dcery byla pro jejího otce, careviče Pavla Petroviče, který ztratil svou první ženu Vilemínu před osmi lety při porodu, dobrá zpráva. Říkalo se, že byla tak krásná, že ji její babička, carevna Kateřina, pojmenovala po Heleně Trojské.

Protože byla dívka, probíhalo její vzdělávání soukromě doma, nejdříve pod dohledem babičky, impozantní Kateřiny II. Byla vzdělávána v oblasti umění, literatury a hudby. Jejím životním cílem bylo dobře se vdát a zajistit svému manželovi potomky. Ze všech jejích sourozenců jí byla nejbližší sestra Alexandra.

Manželství
Jelenina matka Žofie Dorota Württemberská (v Rusku Marie Fjodorovna) se ukázala jako vynikající dohazovačka. Přesto, že jedna z jejích dcer zemřela jako nemluvně, ostatní dcery se provdaly do významných královských rodin Evropy.

V roce 1798 byla situace taková, že se Rusko rozhodlo pro užší vojenskou spolupráci s Rakouskem, a tak byla velkokněžna Alexandra provdána za Josefa Habsbursko-Lotrinského. Zároveň byla zahájena jednání o sňatku velkokněžny Jeleny s dědicem malého, ale politicky významného meklenbursko-zvěřínského vévodství. Jednání proběhlo bez komplikací a bylo úspěšně dokončeno.

Dědičný princ Fridrich Ludvík Meklenbursko-Zvěřínský (1778–1819) byl nejstarším synem Fridricha Františka I. a Luisy Sasko-Gothajsko-Altenburské. Hrabě Rostopchin napsal: v pondělí 25. února jede dvůr do Pavlosku, po 24. bude rozhodnuto o zasnoubení velkokněžny Jeleny s meklenburským princem, pohledným mužem, ale v podstatě prostým a nevzdělaným, přestože je to dobrý člověk.

Oficiální zásnuby velkokněžny Jeleny s dědičným meklenbursko-zvěřínským princem se slavily 5. května 1799. Pro evropské princezny bylo obvyklé, že odjedou do vlasti svého manžela, kde se má poté konat svatba; ruské velkokněžny byly vždy výjimkou, protože se podle tradic své země vdávaly ve své domovině. Svatba Jeleny Pavlovny a Fridricha Ludvíka se konala 23. října 1799 v paláci Gatčina. Její sestra Alexandra následovala jejího příkladu a provdala se za svého snoubence na tomtéž místě o týden později.

Potomci
Jelena měla s Fridrichem Ludvíkem dvě děti:

 1. Pavel Fridrich Meklenbursko-Zvěřínský (15. 9. 1800 Ludwigslust – 7. 3. 1842 Schwerin), velkovévoda meklenbursko-zvěřínský od roku 1837 až do své smrti
 ⚭ 1822 Alexandra Pruská (23. 2. 1803 Berlín – 21. 4. 1892 Schwerin)
 2. Marie Luisa Meklenbursko-Zvěřínská (31. 3. 1803 Ludwigslust – 26. 10. 1862 Meiningen)
 ⚭ 1825 Jiří Sasko-Altenburský (24. 7. 1796 Hildburghausen – 3. 8. 1853 Hummelshain), vévoda sasko-altenburský

Život ve Schwerinu a smrt
Velkokněžna Jelena (nyní dědičná velkovévodkyně Jelena) odjela se svým manželem do Zvěřína ( Schwerin). Tam se seznámila se zcela novým dvorem, docela odlišným od bohatého Petrohradu. Se svým manželstvím byla však spokojená a brzy po svatbě otěhotněla. V září 1800 porodila syna Pavla Fridricha, který byl pojmenován po obou svých dědečcích, carovi Pavlovi i po vévodovi Fridrichovi. Rok 1801 byl pro Jelenu obzvlášť těžký, během několika dní ztratila blízké členy své rodiny: 16. března zemřela v Budíně její sestra Alexandra při porodu dcery Alexandriny, která zemřela o několik dní později. O pouhých osm dní později byl její otec, ruský car, zavražděn. Následující rok Jelena opět otěhotněla a v březnu 1803 porodila dceru Marii Luisu, která byla pojmenována po obou svých babičkách, po carevně vdově i po meklenbursko-zvěřínské vévodkyni Luise.

V září 1803 Jelena vážně onemocněla a 24. září náhle zemřela. S velkým smutkem byla pohřbena v Ludwigslustu v mauzoleu Heleny Pavlovny, které bylo pojmenováno na její počest. Několik členů meklenbursko-zvěřínské dynastie, včetně druhé a třetí ženy jejího manžela, je pochováno tamtéž.

Potomstvo
Její pravnučka, princezna Alžběta Sasko-Altenburská, se v roce 1884 provdala za velkoknížete Konstantina Konstantinoviče Ruského; další pravnučka, princezna Marie Meklenbursko-Zvěřínská (známá jako Miechen), se provdala za Vladimíra Alexandroviče Romanova; její bratr Fridrich František III. Meklenbursko-Zvěřínský se oženil s Anastázií Michailovnou Ruskou, dcerou Michaila Nikolajeviče Ruského. Jejich dcera, Cecílie Meklenbursko-Zvěřínská se sňatkem stala německou korunní princeznou a její starší sestra Alexandrina Meklenbursko-Zvěřínská se sňatkem s Kristiánem X. stala dánskou a islandskou královnou.

Jelenin vdovec Fridrich Ludvík se znovu oženil v roce 1810 s Karolínou Luisou Sasko-Výmarskou. Měli spolu dceru Helenu, která se provdala za Ferdinanda Filipa Orleánského. Fridrich v roce 1816 znovu ovdověl a v roce 1818 se oženil s Augustou Hesensko-Homburskou, následujícího roku však zemřel. Fridrich Ludvík se nikdy velkovévodou nestal, nástupcem vévody Fridricha Františka se v roce 1837 stal až Jelenin syn Pavel Fridrich.

Tituly a oslovení
 24. prosince 1784 – 23. října 1799: Její Císařská Výsost velkokněžna Elena Pavlovna Ruská
 23. října 1799 – 24. září 1803: Její Císařská Výsost dědičná meklenbursko-zvěřínská velkovévodkyně

Vývod z předků

Reference

Externí odkazy

Ruské velkokněžny
Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp
Lidé z Petrohradu
Narození 24. prosince
Narození v roce 1784
Narození v Petrohradu
Úmrtí 24. září
Úmrtí v roce 1803
Ženy


I should have just walked away from that mess. And if I am honest, I should have never eaten that second cookie. And I should have done better on that test and I should have saved money instead of spending most of it.
I should go to church more. I should go to church less. I should care more about the poor and I should save more money for my children to go to college. I should read my Bible more and I should really take care of my health better than I do.
I should refrain from criticizing others and I should not have said that word to that person at that time. I should have been a better listener and I should have taken out the trash last night.
I should really get my car fixed and I should really call that one friend, the one I have known for so long. I should not have overstepped my boundaries and I should really go on vacation with my family at least once a year. I should have just stopped to help that person and I should not have been so mean to that person in school.
I should read more books and I should watch less television and I really should know more about politics than I do, but those politicians should also tell the truth more than they do. I should really eat better and exercise more regularly and I should not stay up so late at night, since early risers tend to be more productive.
I should be more organized and I should have never promised that one thing to her and I should have stopped by when I had the chance to see him.
I should trust in the power of grace more and I should quit using the word 'should' because if I have truly been set free, then I should not should all over myself.


text:
Avions Paul Aubert est une entreprise aéronautique française disparue.

En 1932 Paul Aubert fonde à Issy-les-Moulineaux Aubert Aviation. Sous-traitant des grands constructeurs, l'entreprise s'installe ensuite à Courbevoie et devient Société Anonyme des avions Paul Aubert. En 1938 apparait un biplace de tourisme à cabine fermée, le PA-20 Cigale. Une seconde usine voit le jour à Niort en 1940. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale Avions Paul Aubert fut constitué avec un atelier à Buc. Étudié avant la guerre, le PA-204 Cigale Major sort en 1949. Remotorisé, il devient Super Cigale mais ne trouve pas d'acheteurs.

En 1955 l'entreprise produit des silencieux pour avions légers développés par Paul Aubert pour le STAé. À la même époque Paul Aubert travaille sur le PA-300 Grillon, un biplace côte à côte à aile basse et train tricycle escamotable de 135 ch et sur un projet de bimoteur de construction mixte à aile haute pour 6 passagers.

Ces projets ne vont pas à terme et la Société des Avions Paul Aubert ferme ses portes en 1959.

Sources

Entreprise fondée en 1932
Entreprise disparue en 1959
Constructeur aéronautique français disparu


text:
Home / Press Releases / Plus U2 -870 & -1080 ultra lites under 6 lbs.
World's Brightest Ultra-Compact, Ultra-Thin DLP Projectors Weighing Under Six Pounds Debut From Plus Corporation
Press Release | May 12, 1999
ALLENDALE, N.J.-- May 12, 1999-- New PLUS(R) U2-1080 XGA and PLUS(R) U2-870 SVGA projectors are expected to set an entirely new performance standard for ultra-compact digital projectors when they are introduced to the world at the 1999 Infocomm conference and trade show
Weighing 5.7 pounds and featuring an ultra-thin 2.28" profile, the PLUS(R) U2-1080 XGA Digital Projector delivers an eye-popping 800 ANSI Lumens of brightness while the 5.6-pound PLUS(R) U2-870 SVGA model delivers an equally stunning 700 ANSI lumens--while achieving superior image quality with high uniformity and contrast ratio
Underscoring the growing capabilities of its advanced R&D laboratories and product development programs, PLUS(R) Corporation today announced the market introduction of a new generation of ultra-compact and ultra-thin DLP(TM)Projectors designed to clearly establish a bold new benchmark for mobile presentation performance and value. The PLUS(R) U2 Series of Digital Projectors -- the world's brightest ultra-compact digital projectors weighing less than six pounds -- will be unveiled next month at the 1999 Infocomm Show in Orlando, Florida at Booth no.2321.
The new PLUS(R) U2-1080 XGA and PLUS U2-870 SVGA Digital Projectors, which feature Digital Light Processing(TM) (DLP(TM)) technology by Texas Instruments and the newly enhanced PLUS(R) Optical Engine, weigh, respectively, 5.7 pounds (XGA model) and 5.6 pounds (SVGA model), measure 2.28" in "thinness," and deliver, respectively, 800 and 700 ANSI lumens of brightness. What's more, they both feature a 500:1 contrast ratio (full on/off), digital keystone correction, automatic adjustment set-up, manual and digital image zooming, new advanced compression technology, direct mouse control, freeze function, pick-mute function, quick-release adjustable feet, on-screen pointer, full function remote control with laser pointer -- and a host of other features.
In addition, both new PLUS(R) U2 Series Digital Projectors deliver a spectacularly clear, sharp image quality, due to the fact that they incorporate a fly-eye lens and the enhanced PLUS(R) Optical Engine. What's more, both the PLUS(R) U2-1080 XGA and PLUS(R) U2-870 SVGA Digital Projectors set a new standard for compactness, measuring an incredibly small 2.28" (H) X 9.25" (W) X 11.69" (L).
"Until today, the decision to purchase an ultra-compact digital projector has presented inherent trade offs in performance quality for mobile presenters," today stated Tom Oishi, President of PLUS(R) Corporation of America. "In exchange for enjoying the benefits of compactness, users were forced to accept lower levels of performance in the areas of brightness, image clarity and uniformity, and user options.
"Those days are now in the past. With the market introduction of the new PLUS(R) U2 Series of ultra-compact, ultra-thin and ultra-light digital projectors, mobile presenters can have it all -- truly heavyweight performance features and quality in the extremely compact case they increasingly require," he explained.
According to Oishi, the new U2-1080 XGA and U2-870 SVGA projectors will astound Infocomm show attendees with their image quality, clarity and uniformity. "We believe the PLUS U2 Series is in a class by itself when it comes to image superiority," he emphasized. "No other comparable projector can come close to matching the quality, clarity and uniformity of image these new projectors deliver. In every measurable respect, the new U2 Series makes superior performance quality a practical reality for quality conscious mobile computing and communications professionals."
Dennis Fritsche, Manager of Business Product Solutions at the Texas Instruments Digital Imaging Division--the group responsible for the development, manufacturing and marketing of DLP technology -- today commented, "This is a very significant announcement by PLUS(R) Corporation. It demonstrates once again the leadership that products using DLP technology have in the market for very small, very light projectors.
"Particularly noteworthy is the 'no compromise' approach PLUS(R) has taken to the issue of image quality," he emphasized. "The combination of the PLUS(R) Optical Engine and the inherent advantages of DLP technology has resulted in a new projector series that we expect will see substantial success in a rapidly growing market."
PLUS(R) Corporation will exhibit its entire product line of full featured Digital Projectors and Electronic Copyboards at the 1999 Infocomm Show in Booth no.2321.
Headquartered in Allendale, New Jersey, PLUS(R) Corporation of America is a leading marketer of high quality, innovatively designed Presentation, Gift, and Stationery products that offer a superior performance value. The company is the North American subsidiary of PLUS(R) Corporation of Japan, a $800-million worldwide leader in the design, manufacture, and marketing of sophisticated presentation products and related products.
Digital Light Processing and DLP are registered trademarks of Texas Instruments.
Griffin Public Relations, New York
Bob Griffin, 212/481-3456
Bgriffin@griffinpr.com
Business Wire Story BW1245 is protected by copyright and other applicable laws, treaties and conventions. Information in the release is furnished by Business Wire's member, who is solely responsible for content, accuracy and originality. All reproduction, other than for an individual user's personal reference, is prohibited without prior written permission.


We would like to congratulate Colin Skeath, a retired police inspector from Halifax who has been recognised in the New Year Honours for his services to policing the communities of Calderdale and his charity work with an MBE.
You may remember that last year Colin gave a talk at Mixenden Activity Centre about his trip around the UK . He set off with his nephew, Davis, to circumnavigate the UK mainland in an open Canadian canoe and 86 days later the journey of around 2500 miles was complete.
Colin was the Halifax Town Centre Inspector since 2012 and retired after 27 years as a police officer in January 2017.
During his career, Colin was posted in a number of different roles across West Yorkshire, as both neighbourhood and response officer based at Holbeck and Milgarth, custody sergeant at Pudsey and response officer at Weetwood.
The last ten years of his career was spent in Calderdale where he was a response Sergeant before becoming the Inspector for Halifax. Through this role Colin met and worked with numerous partners to deliver the best service possible to the communities he served.
Colin was also the Inspector on duty during the Boxing day floods of 2015 and remembers the day as one of the toughest 18 hours in his career, as he and colleagues across the district pulled together to come to the aid of people across the Calder Valley.
West Yorkshire Police Chief Constable Dee Collins said: "I am delighted that Colin and Diane have been recognised in the New Year's Honours and congratulate them both.
West Yorkshire's Police and Crime Commissioner, Mark Burns-Williamson, said: "This recognition is very well deserved and these honours pay testament to the dedication and professionalism shown day in day out by people like Colin and Diane, who are committed to serving our communities.
This entry was posted in Jan and tagged Colin Skeath, West Yorkshire Police.


Bed rest is a recognized model for muscle atrophy and bone loss in space flight and in clinical medicine. We hypothesized that whole body vibration in combination with resistive exercise (RVE) would be an effective countermeasure. Twenty healthy male volunteers underwent horizontal bed rest for 56 days and were randomly assigned either to a group that performed RVE 11 times per week or to a group that underwent bed rest only (Ctrl). Bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in the tibia and the radius and by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the hip and lumbar spine at baseline and at regular intervals during bed rest and a 12-month follow-up. RVE appeared to protect muscle size and function, and it also prevented bone loss (p-values between <0.001 and 0.01). Bone losses were largest in the distal tibia epiphysis, where BMC declined from 421.8 mg/mm (SD 51.3) to 406.6 mg/mm (SD 52.7) in Ctrl, but only from 411.1 mg/mm (SD 56.6) to 409.6 mg/mm (SD 66.7) in RVE. Most of the BMC losses were recovered by 12-month follow-up. Analyses showed that the epiphyseal cortex, rather than spongiosa, depicted the most pronounced changes during bed rest and recovery. These results suggest that the combined countermeasure applied in this study is effective to prevent bone losses from the tibia. This underlines the importance of mechanical usage for the maintenance of the human skeleton. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Air Travel To Chicago
Find low fares on Chicago flights with Volaris. Book your flights to Chicago (MDW ), United States from over 65 cities in the Americas.
Emirates offers flights to Chicago (ORD) and 141 other destinations. Below you'll find a selection of our flight destinations to spark your interest. Get inspired and.
Motorists may feel the gusty winds tug on their vehicles around the Chicago and Madison, Wisconsin, areas. Slowed travel in t.
Jun 7, 2018. chicago, fresno, fresno international airport, new flights.
After Ohio, Trump will travel to Indiana and Missouri. The president answered questions from reporters before he boarded Air Force One for a flight to Ohio for the first of three closing campaign r.
Mar 18, 2015. In fact, the U.S. Department of Transportation's latest Air Travel. that in December more flights arrived on time at Chicago Midway than at.
Click through for the strangest airline travel stories of 2018. old man after a woman said that he sexually assaulted her.
Sep 3, 2018. Summer ended with severe storms across the area, snarling holiday weekend travel.
Lion Air Flight 610 crashed shortly after takeoff from Jakarta on Monday morning. Searchers so far have found plane debris an.
Check Chicago Airport (ORD) airport delay status, ORD flight arrivals and ORD flight departures with FlightView's ORD flight tracker and ORD airport tracker tools.
The Federal Aviation Administration is reviewing security practices and how it deals with unexpected incidents throughout its air traffic control facilities following last week's fire at a Chicago-are.
Search and book cheap flights to Chicago with STA Travel. Find the cheapest flights to Chicago with our best price guarantee.
ATLANTA — Hundreds of flights were canceled and long lines snaked throughout the world's largest airport Monday as the nation's air-travel system struggled to get back on schedule after a crippling po.
. the Toronto-based Porter Airlines is a diamond in the rough. Serving Midway International Airport since 2008, Porter recently added two more options for the quick hour-and-a-half flight from Chica.
The new policy to ban certain breeds begins June 18 and stems "out of concern for higher adverse health risks," the Chicago-based airline. a reservation is confirmed. Other airlines also place rest.
Get Chicago, IL 60608 travel weather forecasts including the 3 day air travel forecast and travel articles and videos from AccuWeather.com.
About Spirit Airlines: Spirit Airlines (NYSE: SAVE) is committed to delivering the best value in the sky while providing an extraordinary Guest experience. We are the leader in providing customizable.
All this and more appears in a new paper published today in the Lancet detailing the latest knowledge about medical risks associated with air travel. Included is a list of people who should not fly un.
Known for our high-touch service in regard to global travel management and luxury. FROSCH understands the complexities of travel in the legal space; we take a uniquely. British Airways to Add Charleston to London Flights in 2019.
VISIT FLORIDA BEACHES. Florida offers every type of adventure, experience and entertainment, but many would say its most alluring asset is the soft, sandy shorelines of Florida beaches.
Mar 2, 2015. Dozens of new flights have launched from Chicago's two major airports— Chicago O'Hare International airport (ORD) and Midway International.
Oct 15, 2014. Don't just get out of town. Get as far away as possible on one of these incredibly long non-stop flights out of Chicago!
The plane: 737. Flying from the home of the manufacturer (Boeing, Seattle) to the home of the owner (United, Chicago). Class: Economy. My seat: Wedged into 25B, I found things pretty tight. I dropped.
May 2, 2018. Flights are being cancelled at Chicago airports and power outages have been reported as severe thunderstorms move through the.
Southwest Airlines says it will stop flights in Chicago as another winter storm brings rain and high winds through the American Midwest. Nationwide on Thursday, U.S. airlines had canceled about 650 fl.
Happy Travel Toronto or travel and do popups to connect with their customers. And that's where Shopify POS comes in." When asked if there was any event in particular that pushed the company to open an R&D centre in Toront. This kicks off the annual "fall movie season", beginning with three major festivals back-to-back: the Venice Film Festival
I was not an adult and life was good. Now as I write this, I sit cramped up against the window of a CRJ-700 United Airlines plane, yet again on my way to Florida – this time without clean underwear -.
Airlines with flights to Chicago listed at Skyscanner. The fastest way to find the cheapest low cost airline prices. Accurate information for budget, last minute and.
A growing middle class and affordable fares have led to a boom in air travel in Asia, putting pressure on airlines. jet in.
A Southwest Airlines flight traveling to Houston from Chicago was delayed after a passenger was removed from the plane for yelling racial slurs at flight attendants. Witnesses say the woman became ups.
Hiking And Trekking Shoes Hiking & Trekking Shoes – range of trendy & comfortable men's shoes for outdoor activities from running, hiking & trekking to travel. Light Weight & Anti-slip. Then comes the hiking boots, raincoat, compass, and all the food you'll need to sustain your trip. But most of all, you need a great bottle of booze to
Three decades later, the trip dropped to three weeks in length and by the mid-19 th century, the New York–Chicago journey via railroad took two days. And the introduction of regional airlines in the 1.
Browse all Air France flights from Chicago to Paris. Purchase your flight to Paris, France at the lowest price via our Air France booking site.
Find cheap flights to Chicago with WOW air. Explore and enjoy all that Chicago has to offer and get the best flight deals to The Windy City directly from our.
Vacation In Williamsburg Virginia Welcome to Applewood Colonial Bed & Breakfast in Williamsburg, Virginia. Our B&B is conveniently located just a short walk from the beautiful and historic Colonial Williamsburg. 65 reviews of Greensprings Vacation Resort "As a birthday present, my sister and. Photo of Greensprings Vacation Resort – Williamsburg, VA, United States. The possibility of a government shutdown
Iceland's WOW Air is offering roundtrip flights to Iceland from a number of major American cities starting at $190. Travelers flying from Baltimore, Boston, Newark, Los Angeles, Miami, Chicago. in.
Travel Agents Duties Edmonds also was given different duties, he said. According to the 33-page criminal complaint, the FBI began investigating Hasan Edmonds late last year when agents discovered that he and Jonas Edmonds. Bed And Breakfast In Blackpool Near Tower Libra Hotel. Licensed Guest House on Palatine Road, central Blackpool, all rooms en-suite. Nice location just a
A plane arrives at O'Hare International Airport on May 19, 2012, in Chicago. Photo by Kevork Djansezian/Getty. gain market power that results in higher prices, they examine airline routes. Although.
We're making it even easier to discover the best of New Zealand and Australia with the launch of three non-stop flights per week from Chicago to Auckland, New.
Point Reyes Hike
Travel Charger With Usb


Here are more interesting frescoes and sculptures from the Aurangabad Caves which are more than ten centuries old. This Indian classical art is as good as any found at Ajanta or Ellora and are a treat for the eyes. Most of this art is from the exterior walls of the temple caves which are all Buddhist shrines.
Here is a figure of a woman at the door of the caves, the entry into the Buddhist temple. Around her are decorated pillars.
A shot of the angel type figures near the ceiling of these spectacular caves.
A sculpture of Buddha just outside the Buddhist temples of the Aurangabad caves.
Another image of Buddha carved out of stone with some attendant figures on the side. Buddha is sitting with folded legs and hands. The throne on which he is sitting shows remnants of carvings.
A peep inside the inner sanctum to see the diety of Buddha through a door. At the entrance into the sanctum are two large figures of Buddha.
Or check out all images filed under Ajanta or Ellora, or try the label "Buddhism" for sculptures and shrines of Buddha from different parts of the world.


text:
require_relative '../../spec_helper'

describe LinkedIn::Client do
  context "with configuration" do
    before do
      LinkedIn.configure do |config|
        config.consumer_key = "consumer-key"
        config.consumer_secret = "consumer-secret"
      end
    end

    context "an initialized client" do
      before do
        @client = LinkedIn::Client.new("oauth-token", "oauth-secret")
      end

      it "sets the oauth token" do
        @client.oauth_token.should == "oauth-token"
      end

      it "sets the oauth secret" do
        @client.oauth_secret.should == "oauth-secret"
      end

      describe "#consumer" do
        it "should initialize an oauth consumer" do
          OAuth::Consumer.should_receive(:new).with("consumer-key", "consumer-secret")
          @client.consumer
        end
      end

      describe "#access_token" do
        before do
          @consumer = double('consumer')
          @client.stub(:consumer) { @consumer }
        end

        it "should initialize an oauth access token" do
          OAuth::AccessToken.should_receive(:new).with(@consumer, "oauth-token", "oauth-secret")
          @client.access_token
        end
      end
    end
  end

  context "without configuration" do
    before do
      LinkedIn.configure do |config|
        config.consumer_key = nil
        config.consumer_secret = nil
      end
    end

    it "should raise an error" do
      expect do
        @client = LinkedIn::Client.new("oauth-token", "oauth-secret")
      end.to raise_error
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch Colors, Release Date, Interior, Changes, Price
Christopher B. Conner September 20, 2019
2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch Colors, Release Date, Interior, Changes, Price – Right after the latest redesign of shut competitors, we are listening to a lot of tales about the 2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch. Nevertheless, the truth is that the existing, 13th technology of the most famous truck in the community continues to refreshing adequate to contend with young competitors. It is on the market for around four years. Furthermore, it acquired a facelift lately, so are fairly certain that the existing type will always be for an additional pair of years.
2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch
Consequently, the 2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch would really appear virtually unaffected. The current upgrade has taken plenty of graphic novelties, as nicely as a pair of new engines. The interior continues to be improved as nicely. Overall, Ford continues to have powerful cars in its fingers.
2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch Changes
As we mentioned above, it is too early on for a full redesign. The existing era is on the market because 2014, whilst a mid-period upgrade occurred lately. Consequently, we do not depend on a redesign in the future so quickly. When compared with some earlier many years, this creation period will likely be for a longer time, primarily because of all of the innovative changes that were included with the final redesign. Most professionals recommend redesign for the 2021 or 2022 model. Because the redesign is nevertheless far, we are sure that the 2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch can come without more essential novelties. Rely on the exact same design from four years back, which makes use of a lot of new, light components. This mainly identifies aluminum and HSS. Of course, remember that the current upgrade has taken plenty of novelties in conditions of design. The new model characteristics an entirely new front-end, which now carefully looks like the Super Duty series. This truck certainly appears a lot more durable now, we might say a lot more eye-catching as properly. There are some adjustments to the rear as properly. On the opposite side, the general form continues to be untouched.
2020 Ford Focus RS UK Colors, Release Date, Interior, Changes, Price
2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch Interior
Add up of common styles for the 2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch. This implies three cab models and three of your bed measurements. Regular and Super Cab models will likely be provided with possibly 6-toes 6-inch or 8-toes mattress. On the other part, Super Crew models could be along with both 6-ft 6-inch or 5-ft 6-inch your bed. The interior will likely be the most important element of the 2020 Ford F-150. New Ram 1500 and Chevy Silverado 1500 feature a lot more trendy cabins, although we really can not discover something poor about the F-150 both. Just, two competitors feature better supplies, but the general top quality is on a quite top level. It is sensible, long-lasting and large as nicely. Also, increased trims feature quite amazing listings of normal gear.
Rely on half a dozen well-known clip amounts in the offer you for the 2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch. These could be XL, XLT, Lariat, King Ranch, Platinum and Limited. The XL and XLT are conventional function equipment, so you will not discover as well may comfort within them. Continue to, you can rely on points like 4.2-inch key screen, a four-presenter FM radio, a rearview camera, and forwards accident caution with automatic braking. The XLT brings an 8-inch touchscreen, Wi-Fi connectivity, extra USB plug-ins and so forth. We are fairly certain that the 2020 Ford F-150 Lariat will continue being one of the most favored models, because of its extended listing of regular gear yet still affordable price. Some of the features, distant ignition, and strength-adaptable warmed entrance chairs. rear cross-traffic alert, twin-area weather management, leather-based furniture, ventilated chairs, background lights and a lot more. King Ranch delivers us to the region of luxury trims. This one brings many intriguing functions but moreover, it includes a lot of unique, American-motivated information each outdoors as well as on the inside of, The Platinum and Limited trims place this truck in the premium sector and you could get basically every little thing you want during these two.
2020 Ford Territory SUV Colors, Release Date, Interior, Changes, Price
2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch Engine
The latest upgrade has taken plenty of intriguing novelties below the hood. Very first of all, there is a new base engine, with a displacement of 3.3 liters and a max production of 290 horses. There is also a new 3.0-liter diesel engine, which provides about 250 horsepower and 440 lb-toes of torque.
2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch Release Date and Price
Rely on the 2020 Ford F-150's appearance in the normal time of a year. In this instance, this means delayed 2019. Due to the fact this truck will come in several variations, from operating mules to hello-performance types, it is not odd that the price goes into an extremely broad range, from 28.000 to in excess of 70.000 money.
2020 Ford F-150 King Ranch Colors
Abyss Gray Metallic
Blue Jeans Metallic
Silver Spruce Metallic
Magma Red Metallic
Ford Performance Blue Metallic
Tags:2020 ford f 150 aluminum 2020 ford f 150 build and price 2020 ford f 150 diesel 2020 ford f 150 lariat 2020 ford f 150 platinum 2020 ford f-150 atlas 2020 ford f-150 body styles 2020 ford f-150 build 2020 ford f-150 changes 2020 ford f-150 hybrid 2020 ford f-150 hybrid to be built at dearborn truck plant 2020 ford f-150 king ranch 2020 ford f-150 limited 2020 ford f-150 raptor 2020 ford f-150 regular cab 2020 ford f-150 release date 2020 ford f-150 supercab 2020 ford f-150 supercrew cab 2020 ford f-150 xl 2020 ford f150 arrival date 2020 ford f150 atlas price 2020 ford f150 atlas release date 2020 ford f150 auto show 2020 ford f150 availability 2020 ford f150 black appearance package 2020 ford f150 body change when are the 2020 ford f 150 coming out
2020 Ford Escape RS Colors, Release Date, Interior, Changes, Price …
2020 Ford Escape RS Colors, Release Date, Interior, Changes, Price
2020 Ford F-450 Colors, Release Date, Interior, Changes, Price – …
2020 Ford F-450 Colors, Release Date, Interior, Changes, Price
harga toyota FT hs
toyota lq price
harrier 2 0t 2021


Take a look at all our wonderful artist's work below. Our gallery is constantly being updated with the team always looking for interesting talented artists to work with.
Jo has practiced in the field of art and design for the past 35 years. Her experience lies in a number of fields including ceramics, painting and jewellery design.


Description: This module is part of the "Network Design" integrated course. The other module of the integrated course, so-called "Graph Optimization", provides students the fundamentals on network and graph optimization, presents mathematical models for different classes of problems, and describes the main methods that have been proposed to tackle them.
In contrast, in this module, students are expected to acquire an in-depth knowledge on technological aspects of operational networks with special interest in optical technologies. Then, students will apply the optimization theory learned in the "Graph Optimization" module to design core networks under single-layer (i.e. RWA, routing and wavelength assignment) and multi-layer (i.e. VTD, virtual topology design) paradigms. Concepts like network resilience (protection and restoration) or traffic grooming are also covered in this module.
Full-course details can be found here.


Magna Vitae Trust for Leisure and Culture have joined the national campaign to make September 27 the most active day of the year.
Magna Vitae offer free access to celebrate National Fitness Day 2017itness Day encourages the nation to get involved in fitness and physical activity. Fitness centres up and down the country will be opening their doors to the public, hoping to inspire first steps towards a more active lifestyle raise awareness of its importance in helping us lead healthier and active lifestyles.
Residents in East Lindsey are invited to try a range of activities in Louth, Mablethorpe, Skegness and Horncastle on National Fitness Day, absolutely free.
Visitors will be able to take part in scheduled exercise classes and other activities at Meridian Leisure Centre, Station Sports Centre (Mablethorpe), Embassy Pool & Fitness Suite (Skegness) and Horncastle Pool & Fitness Suite. Each centre is also offering Health MOTs for all, to help identify simple changes you could make to lead a fitter and healthier lifestyle.
Please visit www.magnavitae.org/events/national-fitness-day/ for more information and call your nearest Magna Vitae venue to book your place on included classes.


text:
Cells are the basic building blocks of life, but atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, living and nonliving. The structural elements of an atom are protons (positively charged), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negatively charged). Protons and neutrons are contained in the dense nucleus of the atom; the nucleus thus has a positive charge. Because opposites attract, electrons are attracted to this nucleus and move around it in the electron cloud.
Electrons contain energy, and this energy is stored within the charge and movement of electrons and the bonds atoms make with one another. However, this energy is not always stable, depending on the number of electrons within an atom. Atoms are more stable when their electrons orbit in pairs. An atom with an odd number of electrons must have an unpaired electron. In most cases, these unpaired electrons are used to create chemical bonds. A chemical bond is the attractive force between atoms and contains potential energy. By bonding, electrons find pairs and chemicals become part of a molecule.
Bond formation and bond breaking are chemical reactions that involve the movement of electrons between atoms. These chemical reactions occur continuously in the body. We previously reviewed how glucose breaks down into water and carbon dioxide as part of cellular respiration. The energy released by breaking those bonds is used to form molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Recall how during this process electrons are extracted from glucose in a stepwise manner and transferred to other molecules. Occasionally electrons "escape" and, instead of completing the cellular respiration cycle, are transferred to an oxygen molecule. Oxygen (a molecule with two atoms) with one unpaired electron is known as superoxide (Figure 8.2).
Atoms and molecules such as superoxide that have unpaired electrons are called free radicals; those containing oxygen are more specifically referred to as reactive oxygen species. The unpaired electron in free radicals destabilizes them, making them highly reactive. Other reactive oxygen species include hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical.
Figure 8.2 Superoxide
Image by DoSiDo / CC BY-SA 3.0
A molecule with one unpaired electron, which makes it a free radical.
The reactivity of free radicals is what poses a threat to macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and fatty acids. Free radicals can cause chain reactions that ultimately damage cells. For example, a superoxide molecule may react with a fatty acid and steal one of its electrons. The fatty acid then becomes a free radical that can react with another fatty acid nearby. As this chain reaction continues, the permeability and fluidity of cell membranes changes, proteins in cell membranes experience decreased activity, and receptor proteins undergo changes in structure that either alter or stop their function. If receptor proteins designed to react to insulin levels undergo a structural change it can negatively affect glucose uptake. Free radical reactions can continue unchecked unless stopped by a defense mechanism.
Metabolism Overview
Metabolism is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions required to support cellular function and hence the life of an organism. Metabolism is either categorized as catabolism, referring to all metabolic processes involved in molecule breakdown, or anabolism, which includes all metabolic processes involved in building bigger molecules. Generally, catabolic processes release energy and anabolic processes consume energy. The overall goals of metabolism are energy transfer and matter transport. Energy is transformed from food macronutrients into cellular energy, which is used to perform cellular work. Metabolism transforms the matter of macronutrients into substances a cell can use to grow and reproduce and also into waste products. For example, enzymes are proteins and their job is to catalyze chemical reactions. Catalyze means to speed-up a chemical reaction and reduce the energy required to complete the chemical reaction, without the catalyst being used up in the reaction. Without enzymes, chemical reactions would not happen at a fast enough rate and would use up too much energy for life to exist. A metabolic pathway is a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions that transform the starting material (known as a substrate) into intermediates, that are the substrates for subsequent enzymatic reactions in the pathway, until, finally, an end product is synthesized by the last enzymatic reaction in the pathway. Some metabolic pathways are complex and involve many enzymatic reactions, and others involve only a few chemical reactions.
To ensure cellular efficiency, the metabolic pathways involved in catabolism and anabolism are regulated in concert by energy status, hormones, and substrate and end-product levels. The concerted regulation of metabolic pathways prevents cells from inefficiently building a molecule when it is already available. Just as it would be inefficient to build a wall at the same time as it is being broken down, it is not metabolically efficient for a cell to synthesize fatty acids and break them down at the same time.
Catabolism of food molecules begins when food enters the mouth, as the enzyme salivary amylase initiates the breakdown of the starch in foods. The entire process of digestion converts the large polymers in food to monomers that can be absorbed. Starches are broken down to monosaccharides, lipids are broken down to fatty acids, and proteins are broken down to amino acids. These monomers are absorbed into the bloodstream either directly, as is the case with monosaccharides and amino acids, or repackaged in intestinal cells for transport by an indirect route through lymphatic vessels, as is the case with most fatty acids and other fat-soluble molecules.
Once absorbed, water-soluble nutrients first travel to the liver which controls their passage into the blood that transports the nutrients to cells throughout the body. The fat-soluble nutrients gradually pass from the lymphatic vessels into blood flowing to body cells. Cells requiring energy or building blocks take up the nutrients from the blood and process them in either catabolic or anabolic pathways. The organ systems of the body require fuel and building blocks to perform the many functions of the body, such as digesting, absorbing, breathing, pumping blood, transporting nutrients in and wastes out, maintaining body temperature, and making new cells.
Figure 8.3 Cellular Metabolic Processes
Energy metabolism refers more specifically to the metabolic pathways that release or store energy. Some of these are catabolic pathways, like glycolysis (the splitting of glucose), β-oxidation (fatty-acid breakdown), and amino acid catabolism. Others are anabolic pathways, and include those involved in storing excess energy (such as glycogenesis), and synthesizing triglycerides (lipogenesis). Table 8.1 "Metabolic Pathways" summarizes some of the catabolic and anabolic pathways and their functions in energy metabolism.
Table 8.1 Metabolic Pathways
Catabolic Pathways Function Anabolic Pathways Function
Glycolysis Glucose breakdown Gluconeogenesis Synthesize glucose
Glycogenolysis Glycogen breakdown Glycogenesis Synthesize glycogen
β-oxidation Fatty-acid breakdown Lipogenesis Synthesize triglycerides
Proteolysis Protein breakdown to amino acids Protein synthesis Synthesize proteins
Catabolism: The Breakdown
All cells are in tune to their energy balance. When energy levels are high cells build molecules, and when energy levels are low catabolic pathways are initiated to make energy. Glucose is the preferred energy source by most tissues, but fatty acids and amino acids also can be catabolized to release energy that can drive the formation of ATP. ATP is a high energy molecule that can drive chemical reactions that require energy. The catabolism of nutrients to release energy can be separated into three stages, each containing individual metabolic pathways. The three stages of nutrient breakdown are the following:
Stage 1. Glycolysis for glucose, β-oxidation for fatty acids, or amino-acid catabolism
Stage 2. Citric Acid Cycle (or Krebs cycle)
Stage 3. Electron Transport Chain and ATP synthesis
Figure 8.4 ATP Production Pathway
"Aerobic Production Pathways" by Boumphreyfr / CC BY-SA 3.0
The breakdown of glucose begins with glycolysis, which is a ten-step metabolic pathway yielding two ATP per glucose molecule; glycolysis takes place in the cytosol and does not require oxygen. In addition to ATP, the end-products of glycolysis include two three-carbon molecules, called pyruvate. Pyruvate can either be shuttled to the citric acid cycle to make more ATP or follow an anabolic pathway. If a cell is in negative-energy balance, pyruvate is transported to the mitochondria where it first gets one of its carbons chopped off, yielding acetyl-CoA. The breakdown of fatty acids begins with the catabolic pathway, known as β-oxidation, which takes place in the mitochondria. In this catabolic pathway, four enzymatic steps sequentially remove two-carbon molecules from long chains of fatty acids, yielding acetyl-CoA molecules. In the case of amino acids, once the nitrogen is removed from the amino acid the remaining carbon skeleton can be enzymatically converted into acetyl-CoA or some other intermediate of the citric acid cycle. Acetyl-CoA, a two-carbon molecule common to glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism enters the second stage of energy metabolism, the citric acid cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is joined to a four-carbon molecule. In this multistep pathway, two carbons are lost as two molecules of carbon dioxide. The energy obtained from the breaking of chemical bonds in the citric acid cycle is transformed into two more ATP molecules (or equivalents thereof) and high energy electrons that are carried by the molecules, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2). NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons to the inner membrane in the mitochondria where the third stage of energy release takes place, in what is called the electron transport chain. In this metabolic pathway a sequential transfer of electrons between multiple proteins occurs and ATP is synthesized. The entire process of nutrient catabolism is chemically similar to burning, as carbon and hydrogen atoms are combusted (oxidized) producing carbon dioxide, water, and heat. However, the stepwise chemical reactions in nutrient catabolism pathways slow the oxidation of carbon atoms so that much of the energy is captured and not all transformed into heat and light. Complete nutrient catabolism is between 30 and 40 percent efficient, and some of the energy is therefore released as heat. Heat is a vital product of nutrient catabolism and is involved in maintaining body temperature. If cells were too efficient at trapping nutrient energy into ATP, humans would not last to the next meal, as they would die of hypothermia (excessively low body temperature).
Anabolism: The Building
The energy released by catabolic pathways powers anabolic pathways in the building of macromolecules such as the proteins RNA and DNA, and even entire new cells and tissues. Anabolic pathways are required to build new tissue, such as muscle, after prolonged exercise or the remodeling of bone tissue, a process involving both catabolic and anabolic pathways. Anabolic pathways also build energy-storage molecules, such as glycogen and triglycerides. Intermediates in the catabolic pathways of energy metabolism are sometimes diverted from ATP production and used as building blocks instead. This happens when a cell is in positive-energy balance. For example, the citric-acid-cycle intermediate, α-ketoglutarate can be anabolically processed to the amino acids glutamate or glutamine if they are required. The human body is capable of synthesizing eleven of the twenty amino acids that make up proteins. The metabolic pathways of amino acid synthesis are all inhibited by the specific amino acid that is the end-product of a given pathway. Thus, if a cell has enough glutamine it turns off its synthesis.
Anabolic pathways are regulated by their end-products, but even more so by the energy state of the cell. When there is ample energy, bigger molecules, such as protein, RNA and DNA, will be built as needed. Alternatively, when energy is insufficient, proteins and other molecules will be destroyed and catabolized to release energy. A dramatic example of this is seen in children with marasmus, a form of advanced starvation. These children have severely compromised bodily functions, often culminating in death by infection. Children with marasmus are starving for calories and protein, which are required to make energy and build macromolecules. The negative-energy balance in children who have marasmus results in the breakdown of muscle tissue and tissues of other organs in the body's attempt to survive. The large decrease in muscle tissue makes children with marasmus look emaciated or "muscle-wasted."
Figure 8.5 Metabolic Pathway of Gluconeogenesis
In a much less severe example, a person is also in negative-energy balance between meals. During this time, blood-glucose levels start to drop. In order to restore blood-glucose levels to their normal range, the anabolic pathway, called gluconeogenesis, is stimulated. Gluconeogenesis is the process of building glucose molecules mostly from certain amino acids and it occurs primarily in the liver (Figure 8.5 "Metabolic Pathway of Gluconeogenesis"). The liver exports the synthesized glucose into the blood for other tissues to use.
In contrast, in the "fed" state (when energy levels are high), extra energy from nutrients will be stored. Glucose is stored mainly in muscle and liver tissues. In these tissues it is stored as glycogen, a highly branched macromolecule consisting of thousands of glucose molecules held together by chemical bonds. The glucose molecules are joined together by an anabolic pathway called glycogenesis. For each molecule of glucose stored, one molecule of ATP is used. Therefore, it costs energy to store energy. Glycogen levels do not take long to reach their physiological limit and when this happens excess glucose will be converted to fat. A cell in positive-energy balance detects a high concentration of ATP as well as acetyl-CoA produced by catabolic pathways. In response, the rate of catabolism is slowed or shut off and the synthesis of fatty acids, which occurs by an anabolic pathway called lipogenesis, is turned on. The newly made fatty acids are transported to fat-storing cells called adipocytes where they are stored as triglycerides. Fat is a better alternative to glycogen for energy storage as it is more compact (per unit of energy) and, unlike glycogen, the body does not store water along with fat. Water weighs a significant amount, and increased glycogen stores, which are accompanied by water, would dramatically increase body weight. When the body is in positive-energy balance, excess carbohydrates, lipids, and protein can all be metabolized to fat.
Previous: Introduction
Next: Weight Management
The Atom by University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Food Science and Human Nutrition Program is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.