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Macron: Elected, not chosen
The new French President benefited more from his opponent's weakness than from his own 'bright but tough liberal' appeal
by Paul Verdeau 22 May, 2017, 12:21 pm 0 Comments
In the Bible, Emmanuel is the name of the Messiah, the one who comes to save men. How ironic to see that the man who appears to save France from a far-right cataclysm bears this name. With a second round win of 66,1% against Marine Le Pen, the economic liberal candidate Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! (EM) was elected as the eighth president of France's Fifth Republic on May 7, succeeding François Hollande, for whom he had acted as special counsellor and Minister for the Economy.
However, France had never been so far from choosing someone to rule the country. Nearly half of those who voted Macron did so without supporting him.
As fifteen years ago, in the 2002 presidential election, when president Jacques Chirac faced Jean-Marie Le Pen, the French people were forced into the decision to unite against the far-right. But there was a big difference: in 2017, to see Marine Le Pen in the second round of the election wasn't a surprise.
The National Front (FN), founded by Second World War collaborationists, made significant headway in the European and municipal elections in 2014, then in regional elections in 2015, and there have never been so many towns ruled by the party. Inside those towns, changes have begun: budget cuts for culture, for charity, and increases for security. One mayor even decided to re-arm local policemen.
People were warned.
Le Pen's use of divisive and inflammatory language is dangerous. Perhaps prefiguring her loss she declared some days before the run-off election : "My voice was but the echo of the social violence that will explode in this country". She was surly and dishonest in the second-round debate against Macron. TV viewers were afforded an unnerving opportunity to see how aggressive Le Pen was and how ill-versed she was on several subjects, including the monetary situation after a potential departure from EU.
Not so long ago a French journalist and his cameraman were attacked by security guards after trying to ask Marine le Pen a question over allegations her security guard was paid as a parliamentary aid. The EU's corruption watchdog accused Le Pen of using €340,000 of European funds to carry out non-Parliamentary work for the National Front. Le Pen said she wouldn't even attend before the Paris prosecutor dealing with the matter until the election is over. Though clearly the blame does not attach directly to Le Pen, it is significant that some – apparently Russian agency – saw fit to hack and leak Macron emails on the eve of the election, and that the FN was not outraged. It may be a foretaste of darker days for democracy.
They were warned and still the FN got into the second round of a presidential election, ultimately gathering more than 20% of the voters. Jean-Marie had obtained 17% in the first round.
Spontaneous protests of tens of thousands of people erupted across the country the day after that vote took place. A week after the 2002 first round, a million French citizens took to the streets, turning traditional May Day workers' rallies into anti-Le Pen protests. The far-right leader was then demolished in the second round – improving his share of the vote by less than one percentage point; this year, there were few convulsions and Marine Le Pen obtained around a third of the second-round vote.
Fifteen years ago, people blamed non-voters, and divisions among leftist candidates.
In 2017 the explanations are less attractive.
People didn't react, or not as much as for François Fillon, whose demise was probably largely because of 'Penelopegate', when he was accused of paying his wife for fictitious activities by French newspaper Le Canard Enchaîné. If Marine Le Pen had been elected on May 7, it would have been a political earthquake, but because French society changed its view on politics, at least as much as because of the actual result that symptomised it.
For the first time since the end of World War II, the results of this election broke France's ancestral duellist politics. The country that invented the word 'Left' and 'Right' in politics, based on the position of the chairs in the Parliament after the Revolution, suddenly decided to blow away these two fragile notions. François Fillon, the candidate of the Républicains, was shot down by corruption allegations.
On the Left wing, Benoît Hamon's victory in the primary elections of the Parti socialist (PS) against former Prime minister Manuel Valls was a surprise and he carried the hopes for disappointed lefties indignant at Hollande's economic liberalism after he turned in 2014. His goal was to create "a desirable future" and "make France's heart beat again" and he was the only candidate, with radical leftist Jean-Luc Mélenchon, to make the environment a central concern. But he got nowhere, when so many socialists, including Manuel Valls himself, decided to join Emmanuel Macron. The man who claimed to be "neither right nor left" finally killed and buried the left, or part of it. The PS have to face up to wholesale defections, and undoubtedly be torn apart during the next parliamentary elections in June.
Many were frightened to see the FN in the second round for the second time, but Emmanuel Macron, definitely saw this as a blessing from God. To face a far-right leader is a great opportunity in a country where a majority of voters will, where strategy requires it, vote for political opponents to defend the democratic values of a Republic. That explains the beaming face of Macron, when he addressed his supporters on the night of his first-round, even though his score was just two percentage points bigger than Le Pen's (24% against 21.7%), and repaired with his celebrity mates to dine at La Rotonde.
It also explains how preoccupied Macron was when he knew that not all the losing candidates called their electors to vote for him. François Fillon and Benoît Hamon did, but Jean-Luc Mélenchon didn't. Actually, he didn't say anything and looked exhausted. In this election, his movement, La France Insoumise (FI) was perhaps the least cynical of the parties. First considered as a minor threat, Mélenchon gradually became one of the four pretenders to the second round. But when he became a threat he was assailed by media and politicians on his policies including a blurry attitude towards the Syrian conflict and Vladimir Putin.
The programme of La France Insoumise wasn't written just by Jean-Luc Mélenchon and his gang. Nearly 500, 000 people were part of the movement and contributed to the programme called 'L'Avenir en commun' ('The future in common'). After his disappointing fourth place with 19.5%, they sensibly gathered to decide what they would do. Many voters claimed they wouldn't choose between Le Pen and Macron, even if, if all the FI voters decided not to vote, Marine Le Pen could be elected. Moreover, after the results of an internal FI poll showed that one third of them wouldn't differentiate, they were accused of being potentially responsible for a Le Pen win. They ignored the fact that the FI managed to steal a lot of the potential FN electorate, in the first round. 30% of 18-24 youngsters voted Mélenchon, and 31% of the unemployed. This would otherwise have been fertile territory for Le Pen.
The French are sick of this…
"Neither fascism, nor capitalism"
In 2002, French media rewrote the famous motto of May 1968: 'élections, piège à cons' ('elections, a trap for dummies') as 'abstention, piège à cons'. 28.4% of people chose not to vote for the incumbent president Jacques Chirac, the incumbent socialist Prime minister Lionel Jospin or any of the fourteen other candidates. Non-voters were considered as unconscious dilettantes. In 2017, the same accusations were laid at those who said they wouldn't vote for Le Pen or Macron. Because of the Law on Working conditions, which was enacted without a vote in the Parliament, because of Le Pen's smugness after he won the first round and because they didn't want to vote eternally just to insulate the body politic against toxicity rather than for their own ideologues.
"Neither Le Pen nor Macron", and "Neither fascism, nor capitalism" were the mottos, and that's why the May Day demonstration against the FN didn't look like 2002.
The social media were abuzz with messages calling people names because they had said they wouldn't vote for someone who would bury their working conditions. On the other hand, leftists accused Macron voters of selling themselves short through the centrist. The dilemma was great: how to guarantee Macron would win, because Le Pen would be a catastrophe, without over-elevating him. Macron seemed not to understand the issue: he called for a « support vote ». Finally, the big score helped unwilling voters. With more than 65% of voters, this is clearly not a support vote for Macron, and he actually gathered 44% of the French electoral population, considering a 25% of abstention. But the sum of people whose anxiety was great enough to do their electoral duty.
Unlike Chirac in 2002, also elected but not chosen, Macron must now build a real national union with forces from the left and the right. He will need to show that his 'tough liberalism' has appeal for the parliamentary élections in five weeks. Then he must prove that his "neither left nor right" stance can offer the healing, growth and reform that France craves in the face of high unemployment, fear of terrorism, social and racial antagonism and European Union remoteness. After his second-round victory, he said he wanted France's new chapter to be one "of hope, and confidence rediscovered". The aim is the right one, but it will not be easy.
Moreover, the question remains: how can we be sure that this situation – having to vote to avoid populism – will not recur every five years? Macron was elected, but building a majority in the Assemblée Nationale will be tough, even though he will count on alliances between the current social and conservative-liberal MPs. According to polls, more than 60% of French people don't want him to get an absolute majority in the Parliament. However, France is not completely split into Macronists and LePenists. There's something new on the left. Hamon and Mélenchon separated from the social-liberals and promoted fresh ideas. They may fare better in the forthcoming Parliamentary élections. A lot is left to play for.
by Paul Verdeau
Biography – Emmanuel Macron
1977 Born in Amiens, northern France, son of physician and neurology professor
1989 Baptised, at own request, Catholic
1990 Attends Jesuit high school in Amiens until Parents move him to Paris after, age 17, he meets his future wife. Studies philosophy at Nanterre university and public affairs at Sciences Po before moving to the École nationale d'administration (ENA) – an elite school preparing candidates for France's senior civil service
1999 Works as an editorial assistant to Paul Ricoeur, the French Protestant philosopher
2004 Graduates from ENA to become Inspector of Finances at the economy ministry
2008 Works as investment banker at Rothschild, where he earns about €2.9m, notably for his role in advising Nestlé on the acquisition of a Pfizer unit
2010 Begins work as economic adviser to François Hollande, the Socialist presidential candidate
2012 Becomes deputy secretary-general at the Elysée Palace, having been member of the Socialist Party (PS) from 2006 to 2009
2014 Appointed Minister of Economy, Industry and Digital Affairs in 2014 under the Second Valls Government, where he pushed through business-friendly reforms.
2015 Introduces a business reform package that prime minister Manuel Valls forces through parliament despite protest from the public as well as within the Socialist party
2016 Resigns from government shortly before launching his own independent party, En Marche!
2017 Elected youngest French President ever.
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What is a Pandemic?
A pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease, usually a virus.
A pandemic happens when a new virus spreads around the world, and most people do not have immunity, that is, their bodies cannot fight it. Viruses that have caused pandemics have normally come from animal influenza viruses.
It's just the Flu, isn't it?
Both seasonal and pandemic influenza can cause infections in all age groups, and most cases the person recovers fully without treatment. However, typical seasonal influenza causes most of its deaths among the elderly while other severe cases occur most commonly in people with a variety of medical conditions.
The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was different. It caused most of its severe or fatal disease in younger people. It also caused many more cases of viral pneumonia than is normally seen with seasonal influenza.
Pandemics affect almost everyone. While many may not get ill, their lives have to change for a while. They may be stopped from going to school or work, for instance, or they might not be able to travel as freely. Food and medicines might be harder to buy easily.
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a specific virus (SAR-CoV-2) and labeled in the press "coronavirus" or "novel coronavirus."
How bad can it be?
There have been a number of pandemics throughout history, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. Recent pandemics are the 1918 influenza pandemic, also known as Spanish flu, and the 2009 flu pandemic (H1N1). The only current pandemics are HIV/AIDS and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The earliest recorded pandemic happened during the Peloponnesian War in 430 B.C. in Athens. The disease, was most likely typhoid fever. It weakened the Athenians significantly and was one. of the reasons they were defeated by the Spartans. The symptoms included fever, thirst, bloody throat and tongue, red skin and lesions.
The Black Death in 1350 was responsible for the death of one-third of the world population. It was the second appearance of the bubonic plague, which possibly started in Asia and moved west in caravans. Entering through Sicily in 1347 A.D. when plague sufferers arrived in the port of Messina, it spread quickly throughout Europe. England and France were so affected by the plague that they called a truce to their war.
The Columbian Exchange (1492). When Spanish arrived in the Caribbean, they brought diseases such as smallpox, measles and bubonic plague which were passed to the native populations. As many as 90 percent dying throughout the north and south continents because their bodies could not cope with those viruses.
When Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Hispaniola in 1492, the native Taino people had a population of 60,000. By 1548, the population stood at less than 500.
Chictionary
A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts.
A very contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages. It causes fever, severe aching, and catarrh.
lesions
A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesions occur in plants as well as animals.
Published March 11, 2020 By admin
Categorised as current affairs, Education, Health Tagged Africa, health chicken newspaper, pandemic, virus
Wash your hands to save your life
What is a Patient Zero?

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Saint Olaf College
Elkman
St. Olaf College is a liberal arts college in Northfield, Minnesota, about 40 miles (65 kilometers) south of Minneapolis–St. Paul. The campus, which features limestone buildings, overlooks the Cannon River. A private institution, it was founded in 1874 by Norwegian immigrants, who named it for the patron saint of Norway. The college maintains its connection to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America but accepts students of all faiths. Enrollment is approximately 3,000 students, all of whom are pursuing bachelor's degrees.
Fields of study offered at St. Olaf include liberal arts and sciences, area and ethnic studies, visual and performing arts, computer science, education, nursing, and social work. Among the languages taught at the college are Norwegian, Russian, Greek, and Latin. Dual-degree programs arranged with other institutions allow students to study engineering. To fulfill part of their general education requirements, students may complete sequences of linked, interdisciplinary courses known as Conversations. St. Olaf houses the archives of the Norwegian-American Historical Association.
Classes are conducted on a 4-1-4 calendar, which consists of two semesters of four months each and a one-month term in between for concentrated study, foreign travel, or special projects. More than two-thirds of the students study abroad sometime during college. Off-campus programs are also conducted elsewhere in the United States, including Washington, D.C., New York City, and Chicago.
PRNewsFoto/Twin Cities Public Television/AP
Many students participate in one of the college's many musical ensembles. A long-standing tradition at St. Olaf is the Christmas Festival, during which five student choirs and a student orchestra perform in televised concerts.
St. Olaf's varsity sports teams, nicknamed the Oles, compete in Division III of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). School colors are gold and black.
American Council on Education. American Universities and Colleges, 14th ed. (Walter de Gruyter, Inc., 1992). America's Best Graduate Schools(U.S. News & World Report, 1994). Cass, James, and Birnbaum, Max. Comparative Guide to American Colleges, 15th ed. (HarperPerennial, 1991). U.S. News & World Report. America's Best Colleges (U.S. News & World Report, 1995). Emerton, Bruce, and Sparks, Linda. American College Regalia (Greenwood Press, 1988). Fiske, E.B. The Fiske Guide to the Colleges 1994 (Time's Books, 1992). Lovejoy's College Guide(Prentice Hall, 1995). Ohles, J.F., and Ohles, S.M. Private Colleges and Universities, vols. 1 and 2 (Greenwood Press, 1982). Ohles, J.F., and Ohles, S.M. Public Colleges and Universities (Greenwood Press, 1986). Peterson's Guide to Four-Year Colleges 1995(Peterson's Guides, Inc., 1994). Peterson's Guide to Graduate and Professional Programs: An Overview 1994, 28th ed.(Peterson's Guides, Inc., 1993).


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Home Company News Room 2019 FM4850
Furuno's New FM4850 Black Box VHF Packs Essential Tools, Including AIS, GPS & More, Into A Compact Unit
Have a Marine VHF Radiotelephone with built-in Class D DSC, GPS Receiver, AIS Receiver, Multi-Station Intercom, and 30W Loud Hailer with Listen Back capability at multiple locations, all with one simple installation.
Camas, WA - Furuno turned heads in 2018 with the release of the FM4800, a 5-in-1 unit featuring VHF Radiotelephone, Class D DSC, GPS Receiver, AIS Receiver, and Simplified Loud Hailer with Intercom. Mariners appreciated the unit's rich feature set, rugged durability, and the ease with which it connects to other models within the Furuno family of marine electronics. Now, Furuno has introduced an all-new version of this versatile unit in a space-saving black box configuration. With the FM4850, mariners can take advantage of the same incredible feature set found in the FM4800, only with a much smaller footprint.
The Furuno FM4850 includes the same 'all-in-one' features found in its companion model, but with a twist. The FM4850's black box configuration allows for it to be installed in an out-of-the-way location, so it's not taking up valuable real estate on the helm, while the included handset with LCD Screen and waterproof speaker can be installed in easy-to-access locations. Up to three individual 'stations' can be connected to a single black box installation, each of them with full access to the FM4850's impressive capabilities. This means you can have a Marine VHF Radiotelephone with built-in Class D DSC, GPS Receiver, AIS Receiver, Multi-Station Intercom, and 30W Loud Hailer with Listen Back capability installed at multiple locations onboard, all with one simple installation.
With its built-in GPS receiver, all the FM4850 requires is an external GPS antenna. The unit does not require an external GPS source to enable its DSC functionality, and the unit can be used as a backup source of GPS positioning for other onboard electronics.
Its built-in AIS Receiver can be used to overlay AIS targets with networked GPS Plotters or MFD's, such as Furuno's NavNet TZtouch and NavNet TZtouch2, or their new GP1871F/GP1971F combo units. You can also share GPS, DSC and AIS information via NMEA0183 or NMEA2000. What's more, when connected via NMEA2000 to any NavNet TZtouch2 MFD, DSC calling can be initiated directly from the TZtouch2 display by merely tapping on the AIS/DSC target and selecting [DSC Call]. Additionally, when MOB (Man Overboard) is activated on a TZtouch2 MFD, the FM4850 enters a special mode where you can initiate a distress call by simply pushing the rotary knob.
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Scows
12 ft Scow Sailboat	(Pub. No. 5011)
Zip--A Class "C" Racer	(Pub. No. 5027)
Tern--A 12 ft Scow	(Pub. No. 5074)
Tabu- A Planing Sailer	(Pub. No. 5169)
Sea Flea	(Pub. No. 5187)
Manu--A 30 mph Planing Sailboat	(Pub. No. 5300)
Australia's Rainbow (Pub. No. 5365)
Tiny Bear--A Junior Moth built of Plywood (Pub. No. 5495)
Wings--A 13' Sailing Scow (Pub. No. 5526)
Snorky a 14 ft Cat-Rigged Scow (Pub. No. 5595)
Zipper a Fast 20 ft Plywood Racing Scow (Pub. No. 5607)
How to Build Solution--A 16' Sailing Scow (Pub. No. 5663)
Bilgeboard Scows (Pub. No. 5714)
(For Sail, Oar or Outboard Motor) Simple and inexpensive to build, this extremely fast scow-type sailboat recommends itself to sportsmen who wish a light, serviceable craft for lake, bay, river or other protected waterway. This particular boat is agile, and extremely fast. She points high, and responds quickly to the pressure of one finger on the tiller. Being close-hauled, she comes about in her own length. The usual sailboat is heavy, making it difficult to transport, but this type, weighing oniy 200 pounds complete, can be carried on top of an automobile or on a trailer. The spars are not hard to carry, and the sailing equipment, which is removable in a few minutes, is easily stowed. Without sails, the hull makes a satisfactory boat for hunting, fishing or general use, since it can be propelled by oars or outboard motor like a sneakbox. Sailing equipment is readily made from ordinary materials.
by J. Julius Fanta and Douglas P. Rolfe
"Zip," the bungleboard scow type sailboat described here is designed primarily for protected waters where the wind is ample and the waves slight. Other than catamarans and Windsurfers, Inland scows are the fastest type of sail boat afloat—capable of 15 to 20 miles an hour speeds. If you want one of the world's speediest designs, here it is!
by C.T. Allen
Many a "stink pot" addict will take a second look at. "Tern" because she planes in modest breezes, is easy to handle, and her streamlined prow and pod-shaped, "inland scow" type hull offer slight water resistance. Then too, there's a charm about the tiller of a sailer that's not matched by the wheel of a motor-powered boat. Part of it is the challenge of making the most of nature's free-wheeling breezes. Even with her 72 sq. ft. of sail, "Tern" is remarkably stable, and packs as many as four persons I have hauled "Tern" into three states, so I know she's rugged and easy to launch. For thousands of inland lakes, "Tern" is the answer to sailing water sport. And she's remarkably easy to build. Common hand tools are all you really need, and I built mine while vactioning at a woods cabin.
Designed by William Jackson
By combining new materials with improved techniques of water dynamics, this sports sailer brings about a new concept of high-in-the-water speed sailing
Speeds of up to four times faster than conventional sailers of comparable size are possible with the "Tabu". To achieve this speed, it rides over the surface instead of forcing its way through it. It performs much like the outriggers made by the Polynesian Islanders whose handmade craft often exceeded 20 mph. Several years of research have gone into designing this sailer. By following the designs given in this article you can build a craft just like the one that we came up with and proved to be a successful planing sailer.
Two plywood panels sandwiching a bare minimum of inner framing make up the unusual constructipn of this demon midget sailer. Also out of the ordinary for today's sailing craft, though the type goes back about 1500 years, is its sailing rig—the lug rig—which is better suited to a small craft such as "Sea Flea" then the more usual Marconi rig. The Marconi rig would require a taller mast with many stays and spreadera; the lug rig utilizes short, easily dismantled spars that can be carried atop an auto as conveniently as the boat itself.
by William D. Jackson, Naval Architect
Have you ever sailed in a planing-type sailboat? If you haven't you have a real thrill awaiting you. The difference between sailing a planing-type sailboat and the conventional displacement-type sailboat is about the same as chugging along in an outboard powered, displacement-type row boat as compared to breezing along in an outboard planing-type runabout. It's a remarkable experience to actually feel the hull of a planing sailboat rise and go skimming across the surface of the water at 18 to 30 mph! That's faster than the American Cup Defenders will do, which, of course, are long sleek displacement-type sailboats. "Manu's" tremendous speed is due to (1) a new concept in design and construction of hull and sails and (2) a vastly different theory and technique of sailing than that used for sailing displacement sailboats.
by I. Campbell and S. E. Hills
Few boats are easier to build than the 12-foot Rainbow.
It is Tasmania's most popular class and is sailed in Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia as well. In the early 1940s H. J. Hill of West Australia believed that he had the answer to the VJ. He designed and built a 12 foot craft that was simple in design, light, and fast to sail. Today it is the strongest class sailing in Tasmania and South Australia, is very prominent in Western Australia and is becoming popular in Victoria and New South Wales. The Rainbow excels itself on the planing run where the flat bottom design allows it to take full advantage of its considerable sail area which is 90 square feet of working sail plus a 70 sq ft spinnaker. This scow is fast on all points of sailing. It is sailed on its chine in true scow fashion and this has the effect of reducing pounding and lengthening the waterline. These qualities combined with the ease of building has made the Rainbow a very popular class. Watertight bulkheads make the boat safe. Venturis bail the boat dry in a matter of minutes after a swim. This feature makes it a safe boat for youngsters. The Rainbow is fitted with a 4 ft 4 in. centreboard made of timber which is 1 ft 2 in. wide. The trapeze gives it good stability. Length is 12 feet, beam 3 feet 10 inches with a maximum depth of 1 foot 31 inches. Minimum weight is 120 lb.
by J. Julius Fanta
Here is "Tiny Bear," a junior Moth class scow-type sailboat that is about the easiest craft to build. Ten feet long and weighing only 70 pounds, it is as fast as it is small and light. It is intended for sailing by youngsters on protected waters, which are undisturbed by sizable waves. Grown-ups, too, will find equal enjoyment in sailing this craft, as there is ample room for two in the cockpit. So simple is the construction that "Tiny Bear" can be built in two or three days with no special tools. The construction is surprisingly simplified and expedited by planking the entire hull with ¼" plywood or Prestwood. The tedious job of fitting narrow planks is alien to this project. Good news is the fact that only one frame is necessary to mould the hull. Making this single mould frame is the logical beginning when building. Use ¾" by 4" rough pine for the frame and size it according to the accompanying sketch. White pine of ¾" stock is suitable for making the transom and bow plate. 8pp., 5 plates.
Extremely fast, safe, and able on smooth water, the scow or skimming type of sailboat is perhaps the most efficient hull form known, and one readily adaptable to home construction. The 13-foot skimmer "Wings" described and pictured here, is a true scow sailing craft. It has shown an excellent turn of speed, the ability to point closely, and is easily handled with one finger on the tiller. It is especially adapted to sailing wherever sheltered waters abound. Designed to build easily, difficult joinery work has been eliminated. Anyone with the aid of ordinary carpenter's tools and a few clamps can build this sailboat and it will furnish incomparable sport and compare favorably with other fast hulls.
In "Snorky" we are offering one of the simplest of sailing boats. She is very easy to build and will hold her own in speed along with boats having much more complicated hulls. The tools necessary to build this boat are few. The usual tools found around the house will suffice. A saw, plane, hammer, and screw driver makes a complete outfit.
by Dave Hammell and Sam Rabl
"Zipper" will pass anything of her inches, and her hull represents new development, having four chines in lieu of the conventional two. The shape of the bottom is a development of true streamline flow, the brain child of Dave Hammell of M.I.T., whose graduates in naval architecture have made names for themselves all over the world.
Designed especially for those who want a practical, unpretentious sailboat which is easily and quickly built at low cost, Solution is simply a scow with hull refinements that enable it to carry a 21½-ft. stepped mast and about 140 sq. ft. of sail. The plywood bottom curves in a long, unbroken sweep from the stem block to the transom, while the sides curve out to the beam width back of midships and then fair in to the transom in a smooth, fiat curve. Because of these construction refinements, the hull rides easily and planes smoothly when you pick up a good breeze on the long reach of the tack. The unbroken curve at the gunwale adds to its trim, seaworthy appearance.
by Edwin M. and T.M. Chance
In the early 90's a type of shoal-draught boat was introduced in England that came to be known as the Half-Rater. These boats were from I2 to 15 feet waterline length, with extreme overhangs forward and aft. The English boats were generally rigged with either a modified lug, or a sliding gunter, mainsail' with a jib carried either to the stem head or on a short bowsprit. In the United States the boats were developed both as true fin keel types, carrying a bulb of lead on a plate fin, and as centreborders. The owners and designers of English boats were inrested in the American boats and for that reason races between the two countries were suggested. The first contests were staged by the Seawanhaka-Corinthian Yacht Club for the Seawanhaka International Challenge Cup and were sailed between half-raters of this type, the foreign challenger being the Spruce IV and the American defender Ethelwyn, the challenger losing the series. The racing of these small boats led a number of the men interested in the class to develop hulls of greater displacement and carrying more sail, permitting the use of larger crews. From this foundation arose the unrestricted classes of the Massachusetts Bay Yacht Racing Association.


text:
Justin Marks Net Worth: How Rich is Justin Marks Actually?
Justin Marks is an American former professional racing driver and entrepreneur. He is the owner of the NASCAR Cup Series team "Trackhouse Racing Team". Justin has competed in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, and ARCA Racing Series in sports car and stock car racing. As of 2022, Justin Marks net worth is estimated to be around $7 million.
Justin Marks has recently purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's two-car NASCAR Cup Series team on June 30, 2021.
Full Name Justin Marks
Birth Date March 25, 1981
Birth Place St. Louis, Missouri
Profession Entrepreneur, former racing driver
Wife Erin Peppers
Justin Marks Net Worth & Career
Justin Marks Personal Life
Justin Marks Net Worth
Justin Marks News
Justin Marks was born on 25th March 1981 in St. Louis, Missouri. His father has worked as an executive at an American company, Crocs, and as the interim CEO of Tesla Motors. Marks moved along with his parents to Menlo Park, California, when he was 8 years of age.
His grandfather, whose house was in Iowa was his closest companion. Along with him, he used to see the dirt racing events. He had seen the Wallace brothers battling in dirt tracks, and local Midwest racers like Ken Schrader, Dick Trickle.
Justin was participating in racing events since he was studying in high school. He completed his first race in 1998 in the street stock division. Though he was following his racing career, he didn't quit his study. He joined the California State University to obtain a degree in sports marketing. However, his passion for racing ultimately leads him to withdraw his name from college.
You May Also Like: Rainer Schaller Net Worth: How Rich is the Entrepreneur Actually?
Marks was just 18 when he went on to compete at his first-ever sports car racing. He made his first entry in the SCCA Regional Racing Series, and then the Speed World Challenge Series. In 2004, he started competing at the Rolex Sports Car Series GT Class. He was able to get four wins and finished at the top tens while he competed between the series. Following year, he again competed in the Rolex Sports Car Series, where he became victorious in 3 races.
Marks quit road racing in 2006 and moved on to make a career in NASCAR. Soon he went on to compete in the ARCA RE/MAX Series. However, he didn't get a single win in his two years of racing in the Series. Though, he was able to make some improvement in his driving ability. In 2008, he got the victory at the pole position for the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, and ARCA RE/MAX Series.
Justin made his grand debut in Sprint Cup Series in 2013, where he drove the No. 7 of Tommy Baldwin Racing in the 2013 Toyota/Save Mart 350. In 2015, he drove the No. 42 Chevrolet for the Chip Ganassi Racing at Road American and Mid-Ohio. By reaching 2016, he made expansion of his Chip Ganassi Racing Schedule, as he was competing in the Xfinity Series. Marks got his best oval track to finish in 2018, where he ran the season-opening for Rick Ware Racing driving No. 51.
Justin made a partnership deal with the former NASCAR executive, Ty Norris to form the Trackhouse Racing Team. The team made its debut in 2021. On June 30, 2021, he purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's two-car NASCAR Cup Series team. With the purchase, he got two charters from CGR, and 2 entries into all 36 points races. The purchase also made him assure that he would get a guaranteed revenue streams from each race.
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Justin Marks has recently married his longtime fiancee, Erin Peppers on June 18, 2021. They shared their wedding vows at Lake Lanier Islands Resort based in Buford, GA. Around 200 family members and friends attended their wedding reception.
Justin's good friends Andy Lally, Michael McDowell, and Mark Morton also attended his wedding. The newly turned married couple reportedly spend their honeymoon in Anguilla. His wife, Erin belongs from Auburn, Georgia, and she works at KartSport North America.
As of 2022, Justin Marks' personal wealth is estimated to be around $7 million. Marks has also been earning a vast chunk of money from his entrepreneurial venture. Along with Michael McDowell, he started a karting facility, GoPro Motorplex, which started its facility in October 2012. He was also the owner of the World of Outlaws team.
Dale Earnhardt Jr., Jeff Burton, Kevin Harvick and Justin Marks partner to purchase CARS Tour – NASCAR
Dale Earnhardt Jr., Jeff Burton, Kevin Harvick and Justin Marks partner to purchase CARS Tour NASCAR
Mauricio Scott Net Worth: How Rich is Alex Drummond's Husband?
Coffee Meets Bagel Net Worth: How Much is the Dating Site Worth?


"The Rolling Stones of Country Music," Sawyer Brown bounds onto the stage night after night, delivering its own unique brand of high-energy entertainment!
More than 4,500 shows and counting. More than a million miles behind them and still seeing the highway miles click by outside their bus window. Twenty-three albums. More than 50 chart singles. CMA, ACM, and CMT awards on the shelf. To pull a line from one of the band's enduring hits: "This is the life and times of a travelin' band." A traveling band, indeed. Always on the move, on the road, on stage and in their career!


text:
const authors = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: 'George R. R. Martin'
  }
]

const find = () => Promise.resolve(authors)
const findOne = id => Promise.resolve(authors.find(author => author.id === parseInt(id)))

module.exports = {
  find,
  findOne
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our cabinet shops can custom manufacture any custom office furniture for your office environment regardless of the style or finish. Most of our projects require customisation for office desks and storage, so we are well versed over the past 21 years to getting the design right the first time. We'll work with your design/ideas or create it for you. We use Formica and Laminex Commercial colours as our standard board ranges, but our factory can manufacture from almost any type of board.
Contact us to provide a quote on your project.


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Cant enable automatic updates windows 10
Cant enable automatic updates windows 10. How To Turn Off Automatic Updates In Windows 10 Via Registry 2019-01-13
Sunday, January 13, 2019 5:59:19 AM Reuben
How to Enable Automatic Updates: 10 Steps (with Pictures)
To create this article, 13 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. My hot spot usage was suddenly used up without my having used it much. To Enable or Disable Automatic Updates by Enabling or Disabling Windows Update service If you disable the Windows Update service, Windows will no longer be able to automatically download and install updates. When it comes to automatic updates, there is no straightforward way to configure or disable them. You must be signed in as an administrator to be able to enable or disable including driver updates in Windows Update. It's important to note that using this option may cause additional charges depending on your data plan.
The above action will open the relevant policy settings. Usually, the user wishes to stop automatic updates because of past experiences with bad updates that were pushed out to quickly and caused more computer problems than they fixed. You can also override those active hours to schedule certain reboots when an update is ready. Settings in the new Control Panel do not seem to do much. When you are ready to download and install updates, you will need to enable and start the Windows Update service again, then. Navigate to System and Security - System - Advanced system settings.
How to stop automatic updates on Windows 10
If so, how should I do to make sure that this is valid for all users? With a backup at hand, now it's safe to customize a Windows 10 update without receiving any forced updates on your computer. For your question, when you use metered connection, you and your users will see a image like this one. Usually, it's because to apply updates users are required to restart their devices, and because updates are also known to sometimes cause problems negatively affecting the user experience. And you've to enable this settings from Group Policy Editor. Disable Updates By Disabling Services Another way to disable the Windows 10 updates is to simply stop the Windows Updates service from running altogether.
Enable or Disable Windows Update in Windows 10
This option was removed in. The problem was inadequate free space in the reserved partition. And this time you are looking for stop windows 10 update to download and install automatically. This article has also been viewed 45,173 times. In March 2017 I was unable to upgrade one of my computers after a clean install in a Microsoft store.
How to allow updates over metered connections on Windows 10 Fall Creators Update
Microsoft has prevented disabling automatic updates in the Home edition. I fortunately made backup and can recover. On Windows 10, quality updates or always download and install automatically as soon as they're ready for your device. One of the most controversial features of Windows 10 since its release has been its automatic update feature. Click Yes button when you see the User Account Control dialog. Turn the Battery Saver on This is another option To Disable Automatic Updates on Windows 10. While this approach makes sure that every computer has the latest security patches, performance, and stability improvements, it's also among the features that users complain the most.
Enable or Disable Windows Update Automatic Updates in Windows 10
If you think this would be burdensome, use one of the other methods below. Here how to disable automatic updates Windows 10 Home. Besides, the fourth way of trying to control the Windows 10 update by using Registry is somewhat risky, do remember to and the details will be shown in the extra tips section. Double-click the newly created key and change its value to 2. Notify to Download Updates Other than scheduling a restart after downloading or installing the updates, you can force Windows to notify you before downloading the updates.
How to Disable Windows 10 Update in Every Way
Using this value prevents Windows 10 from downloading updates automatically, and you'll get a notification when new updates are available. Depending on what version of Windows 10 you have running, you might be able to turn off the driver updates from the Settings app. Metered Network Connection In Windows 10, you also have the option of setting up a metered network connection. In this , we walk you through the steps to continuously keep your computer updated over a metered connection using the Settings app and the Group Policy Editor. Thanks for the article on disabling automatic updates in Windows 10. Theuns I have stuck in a windows update circle too.
How To Disable Automatic Driver Updates In Windows 10
Note: automatic updates are typically a good thing and I recommend leaving them on in general. Microsoft has made it mandatory for Windows 10 users to update their computer. I spent over 8 hours to test and verify the exact moment when the new G210M driver actually 2 with different dates were downloaded and crashed the display. The onboard Lan is out as well. Press the Windows logo key + R at the same time to invoke the Run box. But like most people, if you are using Windows 10 Home Where group policy feature not available.
Turn off Automatic Updates in Windows 10
Of course, you can always , or temporarily disable a metered connection, but the introduces a new option that allows you to set a network connection as metered while letting you keep your device secure and updated with automatic updates. Limiting updates Alternatively, if turning off the policy isn't working, you can also try customizing the Windows Update settings using Group Policy to limit the availability of updates on your device. If a driver or update causes problems, you can uninstall it and block Windows from downloading it again. One thing to keep in mind is that even though Windows 10 notifies you before downloading and installing the updates, you still cannot pick and choose which updates are downloaded and installed. From this point forward no updates will be installed on your Windows 10 machine. To start, download the app and execute it. Method 2: One or both of the services do not appear in the Services Control Manager Note If you manually type the commands in this section, remember that they are case sensitive.
How To Turn Off Windows Update In Windows 10
For instance, when you know that a newer version of hardware driver is full is issues, you might want to configure Windows 10 to stop automatically updating device drivers. No more automatic updates until you enable it the same way and manually update if needs be. You most welcome to test it, I will appreciate any feedback. . So an up-to-date operating system is a secure operating system. If you have feedback for TechNet Subscriber Support, contact. Still, there are some ways to delay certain updates from automatically occurring.


In October 2010, Council authorized the start of an Integrated Community Sustainability Plan (ICSP) based on the work of the 2009 Sustainability Task Force. For a look at 2009 work, review the Sustainability Task Force's (STF's) Final Report and Recommendations / Synopsis.
In November 2010, Council established a Sustainability Strategy Advisory Committee (SSAC).
In January 2011, the SSAC reviewed how actions suggested by the STF will achieve success by 2030. The next step is to define measurable indicators which will be reviewed regularly to indicate progress toward defined success points. The ICSP will then be integrated with the Official Community Plan (OCP). The path to sustainability can then be measured annually.
The Highlands Sustainable Future Fair was held on November 19 and 20, 2010. Thank you to everyone who participated.


Noel and I have been going to Terre Haute, Indiana, for at least forty years. In 1973 or so when we dropped out of grad school at Purdue to devote ourselves to kick-out-the-jams journalism on an "underground" newspaper, one of our lefty friends suggested we do a story about the Eugene V. Debs house in Terre Haute. Off we went on our first visit to Terre Haute with our friend Mike to tour the house located on the campus of Indiana State University and to interview the curator, a retired newspaper man named Ned Bush.
about Debs. For us the visit was a surprising and pivotal introduction to progressive Hoosier politics and history. You may call 812/232-2163 or email info@debsfoundation.org for information on touring the house which is definitely worth visiting.
Eugene Victor Debs (1855-1926) was a prominent leader of the American industrial trade union movement, an advocate for world peace and a major reform figure in the Progressive era (roughly 1890 – 1920). He helped found the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)) or Wobblies and the American Railway Union (ARU). As a leader of the ARU, he organized a nationwide boycott by the union of the handling of trains hauling Pullman cars when the workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company went on strike in 1894.
For this President Grover Cleveland sent him to jail for six months.
In jail Debs became a socialist and ran as the Socialist Party's candidate for president five times. The last time was from a jail cell in the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary where President Woodrow Wilson had sent Debs because of an anti-war speech he had given in Canton, Ohio, in 1918. Gene Debs was born and lived all of his life in Terre Haute, Indiana, that is, when he wasn't traveling to organize workers or wasn't in jail for doing so.
About five years after our first Terre Haute visit, Noel started going there several times a year as a union business agent. We had kind of forgotten about the Debs house. Then some friends invited us to go with them to the annual awards dinner, this time honoring Jesse Jackson. We had a bang-up time, connecting with like-minded folks in the heart of the heart of the country.
It became an annual, and sometimes biannual, journey for us and our two children.
Noel and I usually drive to Terre Haute twice a year, in the spring to a board meeting and again in the fall for the annual awards banquet. The drive from Chicago where we live to Terre Haute takes about four hours. The drive is not much to write about until you get to Schererville in northern Indiana where you turn off from the Lincoln Highway (US 30) to US 41 going south. At that intersection is a classic proletarian Hoosier restaurant called Teibel's.
Teibel's is third generation family owned since 1929. It was really retro looking when we started going there decades ago, but it has been updated in the last few years from the 1950's to the 1970's complete with dining chairs on wheels to accommodate senior citizens like us who love the place.
You can get fried lake perch and walleye pike and, if you so choose, "all you can eat" fried chicken or sautéed frog legs. And it's real calorie worthy fried chicken, not the overcooked, over breaded stuff you get at KFC or Popeye's. I think a combination of both chicken and frog legs might even be available. All served, of course, with a "relish tray" of coleslaw, cottage cheese, and pickled beets.
From Teibel's it's about three more hours almost directly south to Terre Haute. About an hour from Terre Haute US 41 merges with US 63. From there on into the city the flat farmland gives way to rolling hills created by the meandering Wabash River. In mid spring and fall the drive is stunning – in the spring with blooming redbud and dogwood trees and in the fall with the frost-kissed leaves of poplars, oaks, maples and birches.
We generally stay at the Hilton Garden Inn located on Wabash Avenue adjacent to Indiana State University (home of Larry Bird) and within easy walking distance to the Debs home (451 N. 8th Street). It's decent and a welcome change from the old Holiday Inn located south off I-70. In 2018 the public rooms of the hotel were remodeled. The people at the front desk are especially nice and informative, particularly Kathleen. Ask for a local map.
I also highly recommend Candlewood Suites, located almost directly across the street from the Hilton Garden Inn. It's much quieter than the Hilton but has no dining room. You can also opt to have or not have maid service. The hotel is designed for road warriors who might be staying in town for a week or more, so it has pretty well-equipped kitchens in each of the suites. There is no discount if you choose not to have maid service.
The building itself was the old newspaper building so it has a lot of character to it. I'm particularly fond of the old original staircase that opens into the lobby.
While Noel is in his meetings with the Debs Foundation folks, I go antiquing. I avoid Nancy's Antiques in downtown Terre Haute. Whoever runs that antique mall is just collecting booth fees. I head back out to US 41 and continue driving south to Shady Lane Antiques on the right 6 miles south from where I-70 crosses US 41.
It's your typical hundred plus booth antique mall, but I've found some very good pieces there from time to time – a great vintage rocking chair, a couple of collectible Native American baskets, a few really old funeral home fans from post Reconstruction African-American communities in the area.
Further south on US 41 in Farmersburg is Colonial Antiques. It's much smaller than Shady Lane but the owners are quite discerning. There are only nine booths and owner Paula Peo told me emphatically that everything in the shop is at least 30-40 years old. They have a great collection of cast iron banks, LP's of all kinds, political memorabilia, retro golfing gear, vintage Christmas decorations, basically "smalls" as opposed to large furniture. I bought a really strange but interesting plastic Jimmy Carter peanut there one time. Be sure to pick up the Indiana Antique Trail Map available at most antique shops.
Almost adjacent to the Hilton parking lot is Hulman & Company with its Clabber Girl Museum and Bake Shop. Founded in 1850 by Francis Hulman, Hulman & Company is a privately held, family owned enterprise that manufactures Clabber Girl Baking Power among other food products. The museum is surprisingly interesting with its history of the "baking powder wars" that took place in the early 1900's.
The bake shop attached to the museum is not particularly good. I think they put too much baking powder in their biscuits, but the shop does sell an excellent coffee bean brand, Rex Coffee, both regular and French roast.
If you are an art lover, I highly recommend the Swope Art Museum. You can see the Swope from the lobby of the Hilton. Admission is free and the museum is open Tuesdays through Saturdays. Although its collection contains a wide range of American art from the 19th and 20th centuries, its specialty is regional mid 20th century art – Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood, Edward Hopper and an amazing local artist, John Rogers Cox, who was also the institution's first director. He is classified as a "magic realist" painter who combines regional subject matter with a surreal ambiance a la René Magritte.
Because of him and Grant Wood, I will never look at corn fields the same way again.
The exhibits change frequently and the Baskin was not up the last time I was there.
If we don't have a Debs banquet to attend in the evening, we like to dine at the Stables Steakhouse (939 Poplar Street), also within walking distance from the Hilton. The Stables is a truly beautiful restaurant fitted out with many artifacts that the owners rescued from various old buildings in Terre Haute and elsewhere in Indiana. The dining booths are recreated horse stalls. The original stalls were removed in the 1920's but the new ones have a totally authentic look. Much of the interior wood is original and has been painstakingly restored. What was the hayloft on the second floor has been converted into a banquet and private dining room. Even though not original to the building, the staircase to the second floor is stunning. Its design and construction demonstrate the restaurant owners' commitment to quality.
The owners of Stables also have a more casual place across the street called M. Moggers Restaurant & Bar located in an old brewery. It's very good pub food.
We also enjoy J. Ford's Black Angus (129 S. 7th Avenue), again within walking distance of the Hilton. Although marketed as a steakhouse to appeal to a local audience, the Black Angus offers a very sophisticated cuisine from a lobster corn dog appetizer to duck legs two ways. The specials are seasonal and generally farm-to-table. Monthly on Thursday nights the restaurant has wine-pairing dinners.
If you're looking for an interesting, mellow weekend, I suggest going to Terre Haute. The Debs' dinner is usually held in September or October. The Debs Foundation has an excellent website and can provide you with all kinds of information about Eugene Debs, his house and events sponsored by the foundation.
Last year (2018) the honoree was labor and civil rights leader William "Bill" Lucy who was a key organizer of the Memphis sanitation workers' strike during which Martin Luther King was assassinated. Bill helped bring the strike to a successful conclusion after King's death.
The Eugene V. Debs Award is given to "a person whose work has been in the spirit of Debs and who has contributed to the advancement of the causes of industrial unionism, social justice, or world peace . . . an individual who has made significant contributions to society in the 'Debsian' tradition. These persons may have worked in the labor movement, public service or education." In addition to Kurt Vonnegut and Jesse Jackson, past winners include John L. Lewis, Pete Seeger, Studs Terkel, Molly Ivins, Ed Asner, Ralph Nader, Danny Glover, Barbara Ehrenreich and Coretta Scott King.
The dinner is a kind of homecoming for us. Noel and I were married in Indiana, our children were born there and we lived there for fifteen years.
Traveling back to Chicago from Terre Haute I often experience a touch of vertigo as we emerge from the wooded rolling hills that surround the city into the flat corn fields that make up a good deal of Indiana. The earth broadens out so I can actually imagine I see its curvature and feel its rotation. Artist John Rogers Cox had made his point. Gene Debs also made his and we're the better for it.


All Tech Automotive has worked tirelessly to provide discount tire service in Saratoga, NY & Albany, NY areas. Through their tenure of dedicated service, they've stressed that the key to securing steady performance from your car and tires is adhering to the maintenance timetables outlined in your vehicles owner's manual.
The well-being of your car's tires will contribute to your mileage and vehicle performance. By managing and up keeping your investment, you may manage to extend the life of your tires and protect the money in your wallet. Through simple preventative maintenance steps like rotating your tires, replacing when necessary, checking tire pressure and a range of other methods; you may be able to secure consistent performance for the long term.
Stay on top of managing your tire pressure. Proper inflation can protect your tires in both the long and short term. If you're underinflated, you're running the risk of misbalanced heat, uneven wear and decreased efficiency when braking or handling. Make sure your tires are inflated to the manufacturer's standards to maximize the integrity of the tread and keep fuel efficiency.
Never shirk the responsibility to rotate your tires regularly. Routinely rotating your tires will evenly distribute the regular, unavoidable wear and tear of driving. Simply check your automobile's owner's manual for explicit instructions on rotation patterns and timing for maximum efficiency. It should be noted that rotating your tires is not a cure-all for the wear caused by mechanical issues and poor components.
Balancing the tires is another way of ensuring that your car handles wear evenly. Bumps and uneven roads will only exacerbate the problem, so even out your tires whenever you get the chance.
Always install new tires in sets or pairs. Adding just one new tire will create instability that affects everything from handling to mileage and tread lifespan. When new tires are purchased, they should be installed on the rear of the vehicle in question.
When storing seasonal tires, make sure to leave them in a dark area with low humidity; an area that avoid direct sunlight. Also, steer clear of storing your tires nears grease, oils or cleaning solvents that may have deteriorating effects on your tires.
Always be mindful of the current state of your tires. Track wear and tear, embedded objects and cracking. There should be few surprises in sustained tire maintenance.
Always make sure that you have a properly inflated spare tire that is ready for use. It's best to be prepared for any situation that may arise.
Finally, never forget that the Rubber Manufacturer's Association (RMA) advises that you dedicate 5 minutes each month to inspecting your tires. With proper attention and the dedicated maintenance of the numerous mechanical issues that may contribute to uneven tire wear, you will be able to maximize the lifespan of your tires and optimize your vehicle's performance.
Stay safe on the road, enjoy better fuel economy, and always remember All Tech Automotive's discount tire sales and repair for experts who understand that proper tire maintenance is the key to an affordable and safe automobile.


text:
The Crossed Dragone Telescope is an off-axis telescope design consisting of a parabolic primary mirror and a large concave secondary mirror arranged so that the focal plane is at right angles to the incoming light.  In this configuration the polarization of light is preserved through the optics.

Other advantages of this design are a large field of view in a compact volume.  Due to its off-axis nature the secondary mirror does not block any of the incoming light. At millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths this greatly decreases systematic effects due to diffraction.   The main disadvantage is that the size of the secondary mirror is of similar size to the primary mirror making it expensive to make and heavy (requiring large supports).  However, for professional applications where low systematic effects are critical (for example in cosmic microwave background experiments), the benefits of low systematics across a large field of view can far out-weight these disadvantages.

History
Corrado Dragone, from whom this optical design gets its name, first described the design in his 1978 paper.  Several follow-up papers were published in the 1980s, however it was not until recently that astronomers have been able to build focal planes large enough to warrant the extra construction costs associated with the large secondary mirror of the Cross Dragone design.  Older millimeter or submillimeter telescopes have typically been of Gregorian or Cassegrain designs.

Examples
Some examples of existing and planned telescopes that use this design include:

 The QUIET experiment
 The Atacama B-mode Search (ABS)
 EPIC-IM
 CCAT-prime
 Simons Observatory
 CMB-S4 Experiment

Variations
Although the field of view of Crossed Dragone telescope is large, it can be increased further by the addition of canceling aspheric terms in the primary and secondary mirror shapes.  This approach has been used by the Simons Observatory Large telescope and the CCAT-prime telescope currently (2021) under construction in Chile.  This comes at the cost of breaking the symmetry of the mirrors - they are no longer rotationally symmetric around any axis.  Modern machining techniques can cut such surfaces but on a large telescope the mirror will be made of many segments/panels.  When aspheric terms are added each panel becomes different adding to manufacturing costs.

References

Telescope types

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
China discloses new directed-energy weapon development
Modified date: Apr 4, 2019
The Chinese People's Liberation Army has made an unusual move to disclose the development of a new directed-energy weapon system.
The state-owned broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) released footage showing a new directed-energy weapon system, known as a Chinese laser gun.
Details of the new development were not disclosed, although local source reported that system designed to instantly obliterate targets near a coastal line, included small boats and unmanned aerial vehicles.
The Chinese laser gun could be used against low-end asymmetric threats and will be used in the People's Liberation Army Navy.
It is expected that the new system could have scalable power levels to be able to fire a non-lethal beam to dazzle a suspect vessel, and fire stronger beams to physically destroy a target.
Additionally, the People's Liberation Army Navy has begun rough sea trials of its warship-mounted electromagnetic railgun installed on a Type 072II Yuting-class tank-landing ship, called the Haiyangshan.
The Haiyangshan is a tank-landing ship converted for a new futuristic electromagnetic railgun that is expected to enter China's arsenal by 2025.
China's Navy commissioned new 30,000-ton assault ship
Malian army receives newest Chinese mine-resistant vehicles
Video: Watch China's futuristic drone in action
Video emerges of Chinese J-10 fighter jet crashing into river


text:
Radial Menu
Jake's concept for a persistent menu centered in the app's main screen is pretty slick, but also pretty damn complex when it comes to the timing and animations needed to bring it to life. We're going to first break down the problem from a visual / component perspective to see what parts we'll need. Then, we'll break down the animations for each component of the opening / closing transitions. Then, we'll deal with gestures, targets, actions and polishing up the UI with some labels.
The concept is simple: a central icon sitting in the middle of the screen transforms to a stylized radial menu with icons for all twelve of the astrological signs. When you choose one of the icons a bright blue highlight fills that portion of the menu. After selecting an icon, the menu transforms back to the central icon. Fairly straightforward.
To build this out we're going to handle each animation and transition component separately, then integrating them into a final transition.
The main visual components of the menu are a series of rings. In the closed state we see two rings and some dots, the open state has 7 rings: 1 thick, 5 thin, 1 with alternating dashes. On top of this, there are 11 dividing lines that separate the spaces for each of the icons. Focusing on this section will allow us to determine the basic motion and feel for the menu, from which we will be able to build up the rest of the interaction and finishing touches to make the menu look great.
The icons are the center point of the entire application, they represent the different positions the background will show. They not only look good, but their animated state bring the menu to life: in the closed state they look like little dots, and in the open state they show their full shape, in between there's a really nice movement and reveal animation to make them appear.
When the menu is open and the user selects an icon we want the background of that selection to highlight. There are a couple ways to go about this: we could create 12 shapes and change the fill color, or we could build a masked shape and rotate it. Either way, we will also have to consider how the user is going to trigger the selection via some kind of gesture.
Picking the right gesture will make a big impact on the style and feel of our application. We want the interaction to be simple and straightforward, yet we also want the navigation to be something that people haven't really seen before. We will have to figure out how to balance opening, selecting an icon and closing the menu without putting too many gestures or actions into the process.
To give the menu and the app more context we will add a title label that shows the current selection, an info button for opening the info panel, and an instruction label that appears only one time after the app opens and the user hasn't played with the menu for a few seconds (e.g. if they don't know what to do with the menu the message will tell them). Finally, there's going to be a little shadow that fades in behind the menu when it opens, this shadow will provide contrast that will make the menu pop out visually over the background content. Also, we'll add a little tick to top things off.
For all the various states there are the following sequenced animations:
All grow from the center outwards, looking like they come "out" of the thick line.
The dividing lines animate in at random times.
The icons start as points and move outwards to their final position, then the points morph into shapes.
The info button reveals itself at the end of the transition.
The shadow fades in during the transition.
The highlight appears when an icon is being selected.
Everything happens in reverse order when a sign or the info button is selected, or when the user chooses to close the menu.
Build the MenuRings class to handle the basic basic shape of the menu
Build a MenuIcons class to the animation and presentation of the icons
Build a MenuSelector class to handle the gesture, selector, info button and label for the menu
Build a MenuShadow class to handle animating the shadow
Build a Menu class to pull everything together
Sugar pie.
Assembling the Stars
Small stars, meet big stars. Time to unite them all.
Menu Rings
It's time to build the backbone of our radial menu.


text:
Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 March 1957) was a British writer, painter and critic. He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art and edited BLAST, the literary magazine of the Vorticists.

His novels include Tarr (1918) and The Human Age trilogy, composed of The Childermass (1928), Monstre Gai (1955) and Malign Fiesta (1955). A fourth volume, titled The Trial of Man, was unfinished at the time of his death. He also wrote two autobiographical volumes: Blasting and Bombardiering (1937) and Rude Assignment: A Narrative of my Career Up-to-Date (1950).

Biography

Early life
Lewis was born on 18 November 1882, reputedly on his father's yacht off the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. His English mother, Anne Stuart Lewis (née Prickett), and American father, Charles Edward Lewis, separated about 1893. His mother subsequently returned to England. Lewis was educated in England at Rugby School and then, from 16, the Slade School of Fine Art, University College London, but left for Paris without finishing his course. He spent most of the 1900s travelling around Europe and studying art in Paris. While in Paris, he attended lectures by Henri Bergson on process philosophy.

Early work and development of Vorticism (1908–1915)

In 1908, Lewis moved to London, where he would reside for much of his life. In 1909, he published his first work, accounts of his travels in Brittany, in Ford Madox Ford's The English Review. He was a founding member of the Camden Town Group, which brought him into close contact with the Bloomsbury Group, particularly Roger Fry and Clive Bell, with whom he soon fell out.

In 1912, Lewis exhibited his work at the second Postimpressionist exhibition: Cubo-Futurist illustrations to Timon of Athens and three major oil paintings. In 1912, he was commissioned to produce a decorative mural, a drop curtain, and more designs for The Cave of the Golden Calf, an avant-garde cabaret and nightclub on Heddon Street.

From 1913 to 1915, Lewis developed the style of geometric abstraction for which he is best known today, which his friend Ezra Pound dubbed "Vorticism". Lewis sought to combine the strong structure of Cubism, which he found was not "alive", with the liveliness of Futurist art, which lacked structure. The combination was a strikingly dramatic critique of modernity. In his early visual works, Lewis may have been influenced by Bergson's process philosophy. Though he was later savagely critical of Bergson, he admitted in a letter to Theodore Weiss (19 April 1949) that he "began by embracing his evolutionary system." Nietzsche was an equally important influence.

Lewis had a brief tenure at Roger Fry's Omega Workshops, but left after a quarrel with Fry over a commission to provide wall decorations for the Daily Mail Ideal Home Exhibition, which Lewis believed Fry had misappropriated. He and several other Omega artists started a competing workshop called the Rebel Art Centre. The Centre operated for only four months, but it gave birth to the Vorticist group and its publication, BLAST. In BLAST, Lewis formally expounded the Vorticist aesthetic in a manifesto, distinguishing it from other avant-garde practices. He also wrote and published a play, Enemy of the Stars. It is a proto-absurdist, Expressionist drama. Lewis scholar Melania Terrazas identifies it as a precursor to the plays of Samuel Beckett.

World War I (1915–1918)

In 1915, the Vorticists held their only U.K. exhibition before the movement broke up, largely as a result of World War I. Lewis himself was posted to the western front and served as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. Much of his time was spent in Forward Observation Posts looking down at apparently deserted German lines, registering targets and calling down fire from batteries massed around the rim of the Ypres Salient. He made vivid accounts of narrow misses and deadly artillery duels.

After the Third Battle of Ypres, Lewis was appointed an official war artist for both the Canadian and British governments. For the Canadians, he painted A Canadian Gun-pit (1918) from sketches made on Vimy Ridge. For the British, he painted one of his best-known works, A Battery Shelled (1919), drawing on his own experience at Ypres. Lewis exhibited his war drawings and some other paintings of the war in an exhibition, "Guns", in 1918.

Although the Vorticist group broke up after the war, Lewis's patron, John Quinn, organized a Vorticist exhibition at the Penguin Club in New York in 1917. His first novel, Tarr, was serialized in The Egoist during 1916–17 and published in book form in 1918. It is widely regarded as one of the key modernist texts.

Lewis later documented his experiences and opinions of this period of his life in the autobiographical Blasting and Bombardiering (1937), which covered his life up to 1926.

Tyros and writing (1918–1929)

After the war, Lewis resumed his career as a painter with a major exhibition, Tyros and Portraits, at the Leicester Galleries in 1921. "Tyros" were satirical caricatures intended to comment on the culture of the "new epoch" that succeeded the First World War. A Reading of Ovid and Mr Wyndham Lewis as a Tyro are the only surviving oil paintings from this series. Lewis also launched his second magazine, The Tyro, of which there were only two issues. The second (1922) contained an important statement of Lewis's visual aesthetic: "Essay on the Objective of Plastic Art in our Time". It was during the early 1920s that he perfected his incisive draughtsmanship.

By the late 1920s, he concentrated on writing. He launched yet another magazine, The Enemy (1927–1929), largely written by himself and declaring its belligerent critical stance in its title. The magazine and other theoretical and critical works he published from 1926 to 1929 mark a deliberate separation from the avant-garde and his previous associates. He believed that their work failed to show sufficient critical awareness of those ideologies that worked against truly revolutionary change in the West, and therefore became a vehicle for these pernicious ideologies. His major theoretical and cultural statement from this period is The Art of Being Ruled (1926).

Time and Western Man (1927) is a cultural and philosophical discussion that includes penetrating critiques of James Joyce, Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound that are still read. Lewis also attacked the process philosophy of Bergson, Samuel Alexander, Alfred North Whitehead, and others. By 1931 he was advocating the art of ancient Egypt as impossible to surpass.

Fiction and political writing (1930–1936)

In 1930 Lewis published The Apes of God, a biting satirical attack on the London literary scene, including a long chapter caricaturing the Sitwell family, which may have harmed his position in the literary world. In 1937 he published The Revenge for Love, set in the period leading up to the Spanish Civil War and regarded by many as his best novel. It is strongly critical of communist activity in Spain and presents English intellectual fellow travellers as deluded.

Despite serious illness necessitating several operations, he was very productive as a critic and painter. He produced a book of poems, One-Way Song, in 1933, and a revised version of Enemy of the Stars. An important book of critical essays also belongs to this period: Men without Art (1934). It grew out of a defence of Lewis's satirical practice in The Apes of God and puts forward a theory of 'non-moral', or metaphysical, satire. The book is probably best remembered for one of the first commentaries on Faulkner and a famous essay on Hemingway.

Return to painting (1936–1941)

After becoming better known for his writing than his painting in the 1920s and early 1930s, he returned to more concentrated work on visual art, and paintings from the 1930s and 1940s constitute some of his best-known work. The Surrender of Barcelona (1936–37) makes a significant statement about the Spanish Civil War. It was included in an exhibition at the Leicester Galleries in 1937 that Lewis hoped would re-establish his reputation as a painter. After the publication in The Times of a letter of support for the exhibition, asking that something from the show be purchased for the national collection (signed by, among others, Stephen Spender, W. H. Auden, Geoffrey Grigson, Rebecca West, Naomi Mitchison, Henry Moore and Eric Gill) the Tate Gallery bought the painting, Red Scene. Like others from the exhibition, it shows an influence from Surrealism and de Chirico's Metaphysical Painting. Lewis was highly critical of the ideology of Surrealism, but admired the visual qualities of some Surrealist art.

During this period, Lewis also produced many of his most well-known portraits, including pictures of Edith Sitwell (1923–1936), T. S. Eliot (1938 and 1949), and Ezra Pound (1939). His 1938 portrait of Eliot was rejected by the selection committee of the Royal Academy for their annual exhibition and caused a furore, when Augustus John resigned in protest.

World War II and North America (1941–1945)
Lewis spent World War II in the United States and Canada. In 1941, in Toronto, he produced a series of watercolour fantasies centred on themes of creation, crucifixion and bathing.

He grew to appreciate the cosmopolitan and "rootless" nature of the American melting pot, declaring that the greatest advantage of being American was to have "turned one's back on race, caste, and all that pertains to the rooted state." He praised the contributions of African-Americans to American culture, and regarded Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and José Clemente Orozco as the "best North American artists," predicting that when "the Indian culture of Mexico melts into the great American mass to the North, the Indian will probably give it its art." He returned to England in 1945.

Later life and blindness (1945–1951)
By 1951, he was completely blinded by a pituitary tumor that placed pressure on his optic nerve. It ended his artistic career, but he continued writing until his death. He published several autobiographical and critical works: Rude Assignment (1950), Rotting Hill (1951), a collection of allegorical short stories about his life in "the capital of a dying empire"; The Writer and the Absolute (1952), a book of essays on writers including George Orwell, Jean-Paul Sartre and André Malraux; and the semi-autobiographical novel Self Condemned (1954).

The BBC commissioned Lewis to complete his 1928 work The Childermass, which was published as The Human Age and dramatized for the BBC Third Programme in 1955. In 1956, the Tate Gallery held a major exhibition of his work, "Wyndham Lewis and Vorticism", in the catalogue to which he declared that "Vorticism, in fact, was what I, personally, did and said at a certain period"—a statement which brought forth a series of "Vortex Pamphlets" from his fellow BLAST signatory William Roberts.

Personal life
From 1918 to 1921, Lewis lived with Iris Barry, with whom he had two children. He is said to have shown little affection for them.

In 1930, Lewis married Gladys Anne Hoskins (1900–1979), 18 years his junior and affectionately known as Froanna. They lived together for 10 years before marrying and never had children.

Lewis kept Froanna in the background, and many of his friends were unaware of her existence. It seems that Lewis was extraordinarily jealous and protective of his wife, owing to her youth and beauty. Froanna was patient and caring toward her husband through financial troubles and his frequent illnesses. She was the model for some of Lewis's more tender and intimate portraits as well as a number of characters in his fiction. In contrast to his earlier, impersonal portraits, which are purely concerned with external appearance, the portraits of Froanna show a preoccupation with her inner life.

Always interested in Roman Catholicism, he never converted. He died in 1957 and was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium. By the time of his death, Lewis had written 40 books in all.

Political views
In 1931, after a visit to Berlin, Lewis published Hitler (1931), a book presenting Adolf Hitler as a "man of peace" whose party-members were threatened by communist street violence. His unpopularity among liberals and anti-fascists grew, especially after Hitler came to power in 1933. Following a second visit to Germany in 1937, Lewis changed his views and began to retract his previous political comments. He recognized the reality of Nazi treatment of Jews after a visit to Berlin in 1937. In 1939, he published an attack on anti-semitism titled The Jews, Are They Human?, which was favourably reviewed in The Jewish Chronicle. He also published The Hitler Cult (1939), which firmly revoked his earlier support for Hitler.

Politically, Lewis remained an isolated figure through the 1930s. In Letter to Lord Byron, W. H. Auden called Lewis "that lonely old volcano of the Right." Lewis thought there was what he called a "left-wing orthodoxy" in Britain in the 1930s. He believed it was against Britain's self-interest to ally with the Soviet Union, "which the newspapers most of us read tell us has slaughtered out-of-hand, only a few years ago, millions of its better fed citizens, as well as its whole imperial family."

In Anglosaxony: A League that Works (1941), Lewis reflected on his earlier support for fascism:Fascism – once I understood it – left me colder than communism. The latter at least pretended, at the start, to have something to do with helping the helpless and making the world a more decent and sensible place. It does start from the human being and his suffering. Whereas fascism glorifies bloodshed and preaches that man should model himself upon the wolf.His sense that America and Canada lacked a British-type class structure had increased his opinion of liberal democracy, and in the same pamphlet, Lewis defends liberal democracy's respect for individual freedom against its critics on both the left and right. In America and Cosmic Man (1949), Lewis argued that Franklin Delano Roosevelt had successfully managed to reconcile individual rights with the demands of the state.

Legacy
In recent years, there has been renewed critical and biographical interest in Lewis and his work, and he is now regarded as a major British artist and writer of the twentieth century. Rugby School hosted an exhibition of his works in November 2007 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his death. The National Portrait Gallery in London held a major retrospective of his portraits in 2008. Two years later, held at the Fundación Juan March (Madrid, Spain), a large exhibition (Wyndham Lewis 1882–1957) featured a comprehensive collection of Lewis's paintings and drawings. As Tom Lubbock pointed out, it was "the retrospective that Britain has never managed to get together.".

In 2010, Oxford World Classics published a critical edition of the 1928 text of Tarr, edited by Scott W. Klein of Wake Forest University. The Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University held an exhibition entitled "The Vorticists: Rebel Artists in London and New York, 1914–18" from 30 September 2010 through 2 January 2011. The exhibition then travelled to the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice (29 January – 15 May 2011: "I Vorticisti: Artisti ribellia a Londra e New York, 1914–1918") and then to Tate Britain under the title "The Vorticists: Manifesto for a Modern World" between 14 June and 4 September 2011.

Several readings by Lewis are collected on The Enemy Speaks, an audiobook CD published in 2007 and featuring extracts from "One Way Song" and The Apes of God, as well as radio talks titled "When John Bull Laughs" (1938), "A Crisis of Thought" (1947) and "The Essential Purposes of Art" (1951).

A blue plaque now stands on the house in Kensington, London, where Lewis lived, No. 61 Palace Gardens Terrace.

Critical reception
In his essay "Good Bad Books", George Orwell presents Lewis as the exemplary writer who is cerebral without being artistic. Orwell wrote, "Enough talent to set up dozens of ordinary writers has been poured into Wyndham Lewis's so-called novels…  Yet it would be a very heavy labour to read one of these books right through. Some indefinable quality, a sort of literary vitamin, which exists even in a book like [1921 melodrama] If Winter Comes, is absent from them."

In 1932, Walter Sickert sent Lewis a telegram in which he said that Lewis's pencil portrait of Rebecca West proved him to be "the greatest portraitist of this or any other time."

Anti-semitism
For many years, Lewis's novels have been criticised for their satirical and hostile portrayals of Jews. Tarr was revised and republished in 1928, giving a new Jewish character a key role in making sure a duel is fought. This has been interpreted as an allegorical representation of a supposed Zionist conspiracy against the West. His literary satire The Apes of God has been interpreted similarly, because many of the characters are Jewish, including the modernist author and editor Julius Ratner, a portrait which blends anti-semitic stereotype with historical literary figures John Rodker and James Joyce.

A key feature of these interpretations is that Lewis is held to have kept his conspiracy theories hidden and marginalized. Since the publication of Anthony Julius's T. S. Eliot, Anti-Semitism, and Literary Form (1995), where Lewis's anti-semitism is described as "essentially trivial", this view is no longer taken seriously.

Books
Tarr (1918) (novel)
The Caliph's Design : Architects! Where is Your Vortex? (1919) (essay)
The Art of Being Ruled (1926) (essays)
The Wild Body: A Soldier of Humour And Other Stories (1927) (short stories)
The Lion and the Fox: The Role of the Hero in the Plays of Shakespeare (1927) (essays)
Time and Western Man (1927) (essays)
The Childermass (1928) (novel)
Paleface: The Philosophy of the Melting Pot (1929) (essays)
Satire and Fiction (1930) (criticism)
The Apes of God (1930) (novel)
Hitler (1931) (essay)
The Diabolical Principle and the Dithyrambic Spectator (1931) (essays)
Doom of Youth (1932) (essays)
Filibusters in Barbary (1932) (travel; later republished as Journey into Barbary)
Enemy of the Stars (1932) (play)
Snooty Baronet (1932) (novel)
One-Way Song (1933) (poetry)
Men Without Art (1934) (criticism)
Left Wings over Europe; or, How to Make a War about Nothing (1936) (essays)
Blasting and Bombardiering (1937) (autobiography)
The Revenge for Love (1937) (novel)
Count Your Dead: They are Alive!: Or, A New War in the Making (1937) (essays)
The Mysterious Mr. Bull (1938)
The Jews, Are They Human? (1939) (essay)
The Hitler Cult and How it Will End (1939) (essay)
America, I Presume (1940) (travel)
The Vulgar Streak (1941) (novel)
Anglosaxony: A League that Works (1941) (essay)
America and Cosmic Man (1949) (essay)
Rude Assignment (1950) (autobiography)
Rotting Hill (1951) (short stories)
The Writer and the Absolute (1952) (essay)
Self Condemned (1954) (novel)
The Demon of Progress in the Arts (1955) (essay)
Monstre Gai (1955) (novel)
Malign Fiesta (1955) (novel)
The Red Priest (1956) (novel)
The Letters of Wyndham Lewis (1963) (letters)
The Roaring Queen (1973; written 1936 but unpublished) (novel)
Unlucky for Pringle (1973) (short stories)
Mrs Duke's Million (1977; written 1908–10 but unpublished) (novel)
Creatures of Habit and Creatures of Change (1989) (essays)

Paintings

The Theatre Manager (1909), watercolour
The Courtesan (1912), pen and ink, watercolour
Indian Dance (1912), chalk and watercolour
Russian Madonna (also known as Russian Scene) (1912), pen and ink, watercolour
Lovers (1912), pen and ink, watercolour
Mother and Child (1912), oil on canvas, now lost
The Dancers (study for Kermesse) (1912), black ink and watercolour, (image)
Composition (1913), pen and ink, watercolour, (image)
Plan of War (1913–14), oil on canvas
Slow Attack (1913–14), oil on canvas
New York (1914), pen and ink, watercolour
Argol (1914), pen and ink, watercolour
The Crowd (1914–15), oil paint and graphite on canvas, (image)
Workshop (1914–15), oil on canvas, (image)
Vorticist Composition (1915), gouache and chalk, (image)
A Canadian Gun-pit (1919), oil on canvas, (image)
A Battery Shelled (1919), oil on canvas, (image)
Mr Wyndham Lewis as a Tyro (1920–21), oil on canvas, (image)
A Reading of Ovid (Tyros) (1920–21), oil on canvas, (image)
Seated Figure (c.1921) (image)
Mrs Schiff (1923–24), oil on canvas, (image)
Edith Sitwell (1923–1935), oil on canvas, (image)
Bagdad (1927–28), oil on wood, (image}
Three Veiled Figures (1933), oil on canvas, (image)
Creation Myth (1933–1936, oil on canvas, (image)
Red Scene (1933–1936), oil on canvas, (image)
One of the Stations of the Dead (1933–1837), oil on canvas, (image}
The Surrender of Barcelona (1934–1937), oil on canvas, (image)
Panel for the Safe of a Great Millionaire (1936–37), oil on canvas, (image)
Newfoundland (1936–37), oil on canvas, (image)
Pensive Head (1937), oil on canvas, (image)
La Suerte (1938), oil on canvas, (image)
John Macleod (1938), oil on canvas (image)
Ezra Pound (1939), oil on canvas, (image)
Mrs R.J. Sainsbury (1940–41), oil on canvas, (image)A Canadian War Factory (1943), oil on canvas, (image)Nigel Tangye (1946), oil on canvas, (image)

Notes and references

Further reading
 Ayers, David. (1992) Wyndham Lewis and Western Man. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan.
 Chaney, Edward (1990) "Wyndham Lewis: The Modernist as Pioneering Anti-Modernist", Modern Painters (Autumn, 1990), III, no. 3, pp. 106–09.
 Edwards, Paul. (2000) Wyndham Lewis, Painter and Writer. New Haven and London: Yale U P.
 Edwards, Paul and Humphreys, Richard. (2010) "Wyndham Lewis (1882–1957)". Madrid: Fundación Juan March
 Gasiorek, Andrzej. (2004) Wyndham Lewis and ModernismWyndham Lewis and Modernism. Tavistock: Northcote House.
 Gasiorek, Andrzej, Reeve-Tucker, Alice, and Waddell, Nathan. (2011) Wyndham Lewis and the Cultures of Modernity. Aldershot: Ashgate.
 Grigson, Geoffrey (1951) 'A Master of Our Time', London: Methuen.
 Hammer, Martin (1981) Out of the Vortex: Wyndham Lewis as Painter, in Cencrastus No. 5, Summer 1981, pp. 31–33, .
 Jaillant, Lise. "Rewriting Tarr Ten Years Later: Wyndham Lewis, the Phoenix Library and the Domestication of Modernism." Journal of Wyndham Lewis Studies 5 (2014): 1–30.
 Jameson, Fredric. (1979) Fables of Aggression: Wyndham Lewis, the Modernist as Fascist. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.
 Kenner, Hugh. (1954) Wyndham Lewis. New York: New Directions.
 Klein, Scott W. (1994) The Fictions of James Joyce and Wyndham Lewis: Monsters of Nature and Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 Leavis, F.R. (1964). "Mr. Eliot, Mr. Wyndham Lewis and Lawrence." In The Common Pursuit, New York University Press.
 Michel, Walter. (1971)  Wyndham Lewis: Paintings and Drawings. Berkeley: University of California Press.
 Meyers, Jeffrey. (1980)  The Enemy: A Biography of Wyndham Lewis. London and Henley: Routledge & Keegan Paul.
 Morrow, Bradford and Bernard Lafourcade. (1978) A Bibliography of the Writings of Wyndham Lewis. Santa Barbara: Black Sparrow Press.
 Normand, Tom. (1993) Wyndham Lewis the Artist: Holding the Mirror up to Politics. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
 O'Keeffe, Paul. (2000) Some Sort of Genius: A Biography of Wyndham Lewis. London: Cape.
 Orage, A. R. (1922). "Mr. Pound and Mr. Lewis in Public." In Readers and Writers (1917–1921), London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd.
 Rothenstein, John (1956). "Wyndham Lewis." In Modern English Painters. Lewis To Moore, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
 Rutter, Frank (1922). "Wyndham Lewis." In Some Contemporary Artists, London: Leonard Parsons.
 Rutter, Frank (1926). Evolution in Modern Art: A Study of Modern Painting, 1870–1925, London: George G. Harrap.
 Schenker, Daniel. (1992) Wyndham Lewis: Religion and Modernism. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama Press.
 Spender, Stephen (1978). The Thirties and After: Poetry, Politics, People (1933–1975), Macmillan.
 Stevenson, Randall (1982), The Other Centenary: Wyndham Lewis, 1882–1982, in Hearn, Sheila G. (ed.), Cencrastus No. 10, Autumn 1982, pp. 18–21,
 Waddell, Nathan. (2012) Modernist Nowheres: Politics and Utopia in Early Modernist Writing, 1900–1920. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
 Wagner, Geoffrey (1957). Wyndham Lewis: A Portrait of the Artist as the Enemy, New Haven: Yale University Press.
 Woodcock, George, ed. Wyndham Lewis in Canada''. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Publications, 1972.

External links

Website of the Wyndham Lewis Society
Biography of Wyndham Lewis at Encyclopaedia Britannica
"Self Condemned," essay about Lewis and Canada in The Walrus, October 2010
"The Enemy Speaks" audiobook CD by Lewis
""Long Live the Vortex!" and "Our Vortex" (1914) by Lewis at the Poetry Foundation
"Time and Western Man" essay from Yale

Wyndham Lewis Collection at the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library

Portraits at the National Portrait Gallery, London.
Wyndham Lewis's Art Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at The University of Texas at Austin
Wyndham Lewis collection at University of Victoria, Special Collections
Art and Literary Works by Wyndham Lewis from the C. J. Fox Collection at University of Victoria, Special Collections
Wyndham Lewis Collection (archival) and (book collection) at Clara Thomas Archives & Special Collections at York University

1882 births
1957 deaths
People born at sea
20th-century English painters
English male painters
20th-century English novelists
English satirists
Vorticists
British war artists
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
Royal Artillery officers
British Army personnel of World War I
English blind people
People educated at Rugby School
English magazine editors
Artists from Nova Scotia
Post-impressionist painters
Golders Green Crematorium
World War I artists
English male novelists
20th-century English male writers
Group X
English people of American descent