text:
Doppler effect
This article deals with the run-time effect. For the influence of the kinetic energy in nuclear reactions see under Doppler broadening ; For the music project of the same name, see Dopplereffekt (volume) .
Change in wavelength due to the Doppler effect
Change in wavelength when the sound source moves
The Doppler effect (rarely Doppler-Fizeau effect ) is the time compression or expansion of a signal when the distance between transmitter and receiver changes during the duration of the signal. The cause is the change in the running time . This purely kinematic effect occurs with all signals that propagate at a certain speed, usually the speed of light or the speed of sound . If the signal propagates in a medium , its state of motion must be taken into account.
In the case of periodic signals, the observed frequency increases or decreases . This applies to both pitches and modulation frequencies, e.g. B. changing the tones of a siren ( "TAATAA tatü ..."). At low speeds in relation to the speed of propagation, this ratio also indicates the relative change in frequency . In the case of a reflected signal, as in the case of radar Doppler and ultrasonic Doppler, the Doppler shift also doubles with the transit time . Δ f f {\ displaystyle {\ frac {\ Delta f} {f}}} Δ f {\ displaystyle \ Delta f}
2 details on the acoustic Doppler effect
2.1 Observer at rest, signal source moving
2.2 Observer moving, signal source at rest
2.3 Observer and signal source moved
2.4 Frequency shift in the case of scattering on a moving object
2.5 General Doppler law for sound sources
3 Doppler effect without medium
3.1 Longitudinal Doppler effect
3.2 Transversal Doppler Effect
3.3 Doppler effect at any angle
3.4 Doppler effect and astronomical redshift
4.1 Physics and Astrophysics
4.2 Radar technology
4.3 Medical diagnostics
4.4 Laser Doppler
4.5 Other applications
5 Doppler effect in biological systems
10 individual proofs
Portrait of Christian Doppler
The Doppler effect became known through Christian Doppler , who tried to convince astronomers in 1842 that this effect was the reason why color differences between the two partner stars can be seen in double stars . In his opinion, these stars orbit one another so quickly that the color of the star that has just moved away from the observer is perceived with a redshift , while the color of the converging star is shifted into the blue region of the spectrum. After Doppler's death, this effect could actually be demonstrated by measuring spectral lines . However, it is too small to explain perceptible color differences. The real cause of visually discernible color differences between stars is their temperature differences.
To explain the effect, Doppler carried out a thought experiment with the duration of water waves that are generated every minute by a moving boat. From this he also derived a mathematical description. One of Doppler's achievements is the realization that the finiteness of the speed of light must also cause a change in the wavelength of the light arriving from moving sources. In the French-speaking world, this is often attributed to Armand Fizeau (1848).
The finiteness of the propagation of light had already been interpreted 180 years earlier by Ole Rømer . Rømer was interested in the suitability of Jupiter's moons as timers for solving the longitude problem . The eclipses of Jupiter's moon Io were known to have a frequency of 1 / 1.8d, which would be well suited as a timer. However, Rømer found that this frequency decreases as the earth moves straight away from Jupiter in its orbit around the sun. That is with and extends the time from Io-Eclipse to Io-Eclipse by 1.8d / 10 000 , i.e. approx. 1/4 minute. After 40 orbits from Io around Jupiter, this delay added up to 10 minutes, which Rømer predicted for November 9, 1676. Even if Rømer was actually interested in the frequency change of the Io eclipses: He interpreted these 10 minutes much more easily than the delay that the light had needed for the correspondingly longer distance. v Orbit, earth = 30th k m / s {\ displaystyle v _ {\ text {Orbit, Earth}} = 30 \, \ mathrm {km / s}} v / c = 1 / 10 000 {\ displaystyle v / c = 1/10 \, 000}
The natural scientist Christoph Buys Ballot demonstrated the Doppler effect for sound waves in 1845. To this end, he posted several trumpeters both on a moving train and next to the railway line. As they drive past, one of them should play a G and the others determine the pitch they hear. There was a shift of a semitone, corresponding to a speed of 70 km / h.
It wasn't until twenty years later that William Huggins found the predicted spectroscopic Doppler shift in light from stars. It showed that Sirius is steadily moving away from us.
Another century later, radar measurements between Earth and Venus improved the accuracy of the astronomical unit from 10 −4 (from the horizontal parallax of Eros ) to initially 10 −6 based on distance measurements in the lower conjunctions of 1959 and 1961 (e.g. B. in JPL by amplitude modulation with up to 32 Hz), then to 10 −8 by Doppler measurements on the carrier frequencies over several months before and after the lower conjunctions of the years 1964 and 1966. The results were given as running time as 300 years earlier because the value of the speed of light was only known to six digits at that time.
Doppler measurements from 1964 to 1966 were sufficient to prove the perihelion of Mercury - with optical methods a century and a half were necessary.
Details on the acoustic Doppler effect
Wavefronts of a point source moving in relation to the medium demonstrate the dependence of the wavelength on the direction of propagation
Doppler effect using the example of two moving police cars and a stationary microphone
When explaining the acoustic Doppler effect, a distinction must be made as to whether the sound source, the observer, or both move relative to the medium (still air).
Observer at rest, signal source moving
As an example, let us assume that the ambulance s horn emits sound waves with a frequency of 1000 Hz . This means that exactly 1/1000 of a second after the first wave crest, a second wave crest follows. The waves propagate at the speed of sound at 20 ° C. c ≈ 340 m / s {\ displaystyle c \ approx 340 \, \ mathrm {m / s}}
As long as the ambulance is stationary, the wavelength of the sound, i.e. the distance between the wave crests, is: λ S. {\ displaystyle \ lambda _ {\ mathrm {S}}}
λ S. = 340 m s ⋅ 1 1000 s = 0 , 34 m . {\ displaystyle \ lambda _ {\ mathrm {S}} = 340 \, \ mathrm {\ frac {m} {s}} \ cdot {\ frac {1} {1000}} \, \ mathrm {s} = 0 {,} 34 \, \ mathrm {m} \ ,.}
For an observer on the road, these wave crests arrive somewhat delayed depending on the distance. However, the time between two wave crests does not change. The fundamental frequency of the perceived sound is the same for every distance between the observer and the ambulance. f S. {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {S}}}
The situation changes when the ambulance approaches the observer at high speed. Since the car continues to move in the time between the two wave crests, the distance between them shortens somewhat. It is shortened by the distance that the car covers in a time of 1/1000 of a second: v {\ displaystyle v}
λ B. = λ S. - v S. f S. . {\ displaystyle \ lambda _ {\ mathrm {B}} = \ lambda _ {\ mathrm {S}} - {\ frac {v _ {\ mathrm {S}}} {f _ {\ mathrm {S}}}} \ ,.}
The indices and refer to the sender or observer of the wave. Since both wave crests move towards the observer at the same speed of sound , the shortened distance between them is retained, and the second wave crest does not arrive 1/1000 of a second after the first, but a little earlier. Based on the example above, the wavelength is shortened at a speed of : S. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {S}} B. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {B}} c {\ displaystyle c} 36 k m H = 10 m s {\ displaystyle 36 \, \ mathrm {\ frac {km} {h}} = 10 \, \ mathrm {\ frac {m} {s}}}
{\displaystyle \lambda _{\mathrm {B} }=0{,}34\,\mathrm {m} -{\frac {10\mathrm {\frac {m}{s}} }{1000\mathrm {\frac {1}{s}} }}=0{,}33\,\mathrm {m} \,.}
This makes the frequency (i.e. the pitch) of the siren appear higher to the observer ( ): f B. > f S. {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}}> f _ {\ mathrm {S}}}
{\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {B} }={\frac {c}{\lambda _{\mathrm {B} }}}={\frac {340\,\mathrm {\frac {m}{s}} }{0{,}33\,\mathrm {m} }}\approx 1030{,}3\,\mathrm {Hz} \,.}
The frequency change is obtained quantitatively simply by inserting the relationship into the above formula for . The following results for the frequency perceived by the observer : λ ⋅ f = c {\ displaystyle \ lambda \ cdot f = c} λ B. {\ displaystyle \ lambda _ {\ mathrm {B}}} f B. {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}}}
f B. = f S. 1 - v c . {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = {\ frac {f _ {\ mathrm {S}}} {1 - {\ frac {v} {c}}}} \ ,.}
The meaning of the frequency of the sound source, the speed of propagation of the sound and the speed of the sound source (i.e. the ambulance). f S. {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {S}}} c {\ displaystyle c} v {\ displaystyle v}
When the ambulance has passed the observer, the opposite is true: the distance between the wave crests (wavelength) increases and the observer hears a lower tone. In mathematical terms, the above formula also applies, you only have to use a negative speed. Referring to the example: v {\ displaystyle v}
und somit
{\displaystyle \lambda _{\mathrm {B} }=0{,}34\,\mathrm {m} -{\frac {-10\,\mathrm {\frac {m}{s}} }{1000\mathrm {\frac {1}{s}} }}=0{,}35\,\mathrm {m} \qquad {\text{und somit}}\qquad f_{\mathrm {B} }={\frac {c}{\lambda _{\mathrm {B} }}}={\frac {340\,\mathrm {\frac {m}{s}} }{0{,}35\,\mathrm {m} }}\approx 971{,}4\,\mathrm {Hz} \,.}
The described movements of the signal source directly towards the observer or directly away from him are special cases. If the signal source moves anywhere in space with the speed , the Doppler shift for a stationary receiver can increase v → {\ displaystyle {\ vec {v}}}
f B. = f S. 1 - v → ⋅ e → S. B. c {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = {\ frac {f_ {S}} {1 - {\ frac {{\ vec {v}} \ cdot {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {SB }}} {c}}}}}
can be specified. is the time-dependent unit vector that describes the direction from the signal source to the observer . e → S. B. {\ displaystyle {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {SB}}} S. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {S}} B. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {B}}
Observer moved, signal source at rest
A Doppler effect also occurs when the sound source is stationary and the observer is moving , but the cause is different here: When the car is at rest, nothing changes in the distance between the wave crests, so the wavelength remains the same. However, the wave crests seem to reach the observer faster one after the other when he is moving towards the ambulance: S. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {S}} B. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {B}}
λ B. = λ S. , ( c + v ) T B. = c T S. {\ displaystyle {\ begin {aligned} \ lambda _ {\ mathrm {B}} & = \ lambda _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ ,, \\ (c + v) \, T _ {\ mathrm {B} } & = c \, T _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ end {aligned}}}
f B. = f S. ( 1 + v c ) . {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ left (1 + {\ frac {v} {c}} \ right) \ ,.}
Here, too, there is again the case of an observer moving away through the onset of a negative speed.
For any movement of the observer with the velocity vector, the Doppler effect results when the transmitter is at rest B. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {B}} v → {\ displaystyle {\ vec {v}}} S. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {S}}
f B. = f S. ( 1 - v → ⋅ e → S. B. c ) {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ left (1 - {\ frac {{\ vec {v}} \ cdot {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm { SB}}} {c}} \ right)}
wherein in turn the unit vector describing the direction of the signal source to the observer is, the in the general case, as the velocity vector , can be time-dependent. e → S. B. {\ displaystyle {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {SB}}} S. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {S}} B. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {B}} v → {\ displaystyle {\ vec {v}}}
As you can see, equations (1) and (2) are not identical (only in borderline cases do they approach each other). This becomes obvious in extreme cases: if the observer moves towards the signal source at the speed of sound, the wave crests reach him twice as fast and he hears a tone of double frequency. If, on the other hand, the signal source moves at the speed of sound, the distance between the wave crests is practically zero, they overlap and the air becomes extremely compressed (see sound barrier breakthrough ). Since all wave peaks reach the observer at the same time, this would theoretically be an infinite frequency according to the above formula - in practice one does not hear a sound of a certain frequency, but the sonic boom . v ≪ c {\ displaystyle v \ ll c}
Observer and signal source moved
By combining equations (1) and (2) one can derive an equation which describes the frequency perceived by the observer when the transmitter and the receiver are in motion. f B. {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}}}
Sender and receiver move towards each other:
f B. = f S. ⋅ 1 + v B. c 1 - v S. c = f S. ⋅ c + v B. c - v S. . {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ cdot {\ frac {1 + {\ frac {v _ {\ mathrm {B}}} {c}}} {1- { \ frac {v _ {\ mathrm {S}}} {c}}}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ cdot {\ frac {c + v _ {\ mathrm {B}}} {c-v _ {\ mathrm {S}}}} \ ,.}
The transmitter and receiver move away from each other:
f B. = f S. ⋅ 1 - v B. c 1 + v S. c = f S. ⋅ c - v B. c + v S. . {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ cdot {\ frac {1 - {\ frac {v _ {\ mathrm {B}}} {c}}} {1+ { \ frac {v _ {\ mathrm {S}}} {c}}}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ cdot {\ frac {c-v _ {\ mathrm {B}}} {c + v _ {\ mathrm {S}}}} \ ,.}
Here, the speed of the observer and the speed of the transmitter of the acoustic waves relative to the medium. v B. {\ displaystyle v _ {\ mathrm {B}}} v S. {\ displaystyle v _ {\ mathrm {S}}}
Frequency shift when scattering on a moving object
The perceived frequency can also be derived from the equations above if the wave from a stationary transmitter is scattered by an object moving with the speed and is perceived by an observer who is also stationary : S. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {S}} v → {\ displaystyle {\ vec {v}}} O {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {O}} B. {\ displaystyle \ mathrm {B}}
f B. = f S. 1 - v → ⋅ e → S. O c 1 - v → ⋅ e → O B. c . {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} {\ frac {1 - {\ frac {{\ vec {v}} \ cdot {{\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {SO}}}} {c}}} {1 - {\ frac {{\ vec {v}} \ cdot {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {OB}}} {c}}}} \ ,.}
e → S. O {\ displaystyle {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {SO}}} and are the unit vectors from the stationary transmitter to the moving object and from the moving object to the stationary observer. e → O B. {\ displaystyle {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {OB}}}
This equation is often used in acoustic or optical measurement technology to measure movements, e.g. B. Laser Doppler Anemometry . Especially in optics, the scattered frequency can increase as a function of the angle | v → | ≪ c {\ displaystyle \ left | {\ vec {v}} \ right | \ ll c}
f B. ≈ f S. ( 1 + v → c ⋅ ( e → O B. - e → S. O ) ) {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} \ approx f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ left (1 + {\ frac {\ vec {v}} {c}} \ cdot ({\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {OB}} - {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {SO}}) \ right)}
can be determined in a very good approximation from the direction of illumination and direction of observation . e → S. O {\ displaystyle {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {SO}}} e → O B. {\ displaystyle {\ vec {e}} _ {\ mathrm {OB}}}
General Doppler law for sound sources
In general, the frequency difference can be written as:
f B. = f S. ( c ± v B. c ∓ v S. ) . {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ left ({\ frac {c \ pm v _ {\ mathrm {B}}} {c \ mp v _ {\ mathrm {S} }}} \ right) \ ,.}
Here, the speed of the observer and the source of sound, in each case relative to the medium (. E.g. the air). The upper operating symbol applies to approach (movement in the direction of the sender or receiver). I.e. both speeds are measured positively in the direction of the observer or transmitter. With or the special cases mentioned above arise. For the effect disappears (there is no change in pitch). This occurs when the transmitter and receiver are moving in the same direction at the same speed relative to the medium; In such cases, the medium itself usually moves while the transmitter and receiver are at rest (wind). Therefore there is no Doppler effect regardless of the wind strength. v B. {\ displaystyle v _ {\ mathrm {B}}} v S. {\ displaystyle v _ {\ mathrm {S}}} v B. = 0 {\ displaystyle v _ {\ mathrm {B}} = 0} v S. = 0 {\ displaystyle v _ {\ mathrm {S}} = 0} v S. = - v B. {\ displaystyle v _ {\ mathrm {S}} = - v _ {\ mathrm {B}}}
The formulas were derived on the assumption that the source and observer are moving directly towards one another. In real cases z. B. the ambulance past the observer at a certain minimum distance. Therefore, the distance between the source and the observer does not change evenly, and therefore - especially immediately before and after the drive past - a continuous transition of the pitch from higher to lower can be heard.
Doppler effect without medium
Relativistic Doppler effect and speed
Electromagnetic waves also propagate in a vacuum, i.e. without a medium. If the transmitter of the waves moves relative to the receiver, a shift in frequency occurs in this case too. This relativistic Doppler effect is due to the fact that the waves propagate with finite speed, namely the speed of light . It can be understood as a geometric effect of space-time.
Longitudinal Doppler effect
In a vacuum (optical Doppler effect) the observed frequency change depends only on the relative speed of the source and observer; whether the source, the observer or both move has no influence on the amount of the frequency change.
Due to the principle of relativity, every observer can consider himself to be at rest. However, when calculating the Doppler effect, in addition to the considerations above, he must also take into account the time dilation of the source moved relative to the observer. Thus we get for the relativistic Doppler effect:
f B. = f S. 1 - v 2 c 2 1 - v c = f S. c + v c - v {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = {\ frac {f _ {\ mathrm {S}} {\ sqrt {1 - {\ frac {v ^ {2}} {c ^ {2}}}}} } {1 - {\ frac {v} {c}}}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} {\ sqrt {\ frac {c + v} {cv}}}}
v > 0 {\ displaystyle v> 0} when the distance between source and observer is reduced.
Transverse Doppler Effect
If an object moves across the observer at a certain point in time, the change in distance at this point in time can be neglected; accordingly, one would not expect a Doppler effect here either. However, the theory of relativity says that every object is subject to time dilation due to its movement , due to which the frequency is also reduced. This effect is known as the transverse Doppler effect. The formula for this is
f B. = f S. γ = f S. 1 - v 2 c 2 ≈ f S. ( 1 - v 2 2 c 2 ) , {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = {\ frac {f _ {\ mathrm {S}}} {\ gamma}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} {\ sqrt {1 - {\ frac {v ^ {2}} {c ^ {2}}}}} \ approx f _ {\ mathrm {S}} \ left (1 - {\ frac {v ^ {2}} {2c ^ {2}}} \ right ) \ ,,}
where here denotes the vacuum speed of light and the speed of the signal source. c {\ displaystyle c} v {\ displaystyle v}
The transversal Doppler effect can, however, be neglected at non-relativistic speeds (i.e. speeds far below the speed of light ).
Doppler effect at any angle
Relativistic Doppler effect and direction
The Doppler effect can generally be specified depending on the angle of the direction of movement to the source-receiver axis. The frequency change for any angle results from α {\ displaystyle \ alpha}
f B. = f S. 1 - v 2 c 2 1 - v c cos  α . {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {B}} = f _ {\ mathrm {S}} {\ frac {\ sqrt {1 - {\ frac {v ^ {2}} {c ^ {2}}}}} { 1 - {\ frac {v} {c}} \ cos {\ alpha}}} \ ,.}
If you now insert 0 ° (source moves directly towards the receiver), 90 ° (source moves sideways) or 180 ° (source moves directly away from the receiver) for the angle , then you get the above equations for longitudinal and transverse Doppler effect. It can also be seen that the angle at which the Doppler effect disappears depends on the relative speed, in contrast to the Doppler effect for sound, where it is always 90 °. α {\ displaystyle \ alpha}
Doppler effect and astronomical redshift
Even if the observed effects of the Doppler effect and the astronomical redshift are identical (reduction in the observed frequency of the electromagnetic radiation of a star or a galaxy), the two must not be confused, as they have completely different causes. The relativistic Doppler effect is only the main cause of the frequency change if the transmitter and receiver move through space-time as described above and their distance is so small that the expansion of the space between them is relatively small. Above a certain distance, the proportion that is caused by the expansion of space-time itself predominates, so that the proportion of the Doppler effect discussed here can be completely neglected.
Radial velocities can be measured by the Doppler effect if the receiver knows the frequency of the transmitter with sufficient accuracy, especially in the case of echoes from acoustic and electromagnetic signals.
Sharp spectral lines allow a correspondingly high resolution of the Doppler shift. The proof of the Doppler shift in the gravitational field ( Pound-Rebka experiment ) is famous . Examples in astrophysics are the rotation curves of galaxies, spectroscopic binary stars , helioseismology and the detection of exoplanets .
In quantum optics , the Doppler shift is used in the laser cooling of atomic gases in order to reach temperatures close to absolute zero .
In Mössbauer spectroscopy , the Doppler effect of a moving gamma radiation source is used to change the energy of the photons of this source minimally. This allows these photons to interact with the nuclear hyperfine levels of a corresponding absorber.
Radar technology
MIM-23 Hawk Doppler radar
With Doppler radar , the approach speed of an object is calculated from the measured frequency change between the transmitted and reflected signal. The specialty of an active radar device, however, is that the Doppler effect can occur twice, on the way there and on the way back. A radar warning device, which receives the signals of the outward route, measures a frequency that varies depending on the relative speed. This registered frequency is reflected by it. The radar device registers the frequencies that have already been Doppler shifted as a function of the then existing relative speed. In the case of an unaccelerated radar device, an exactly two-fold Doppler shift occurs.
In meteorology , the Doppler radar is used to determine rotational movements in super cells ( tornadoes ).
The military and flight surveillance use the Doppler effect for passive radar and fixed target suppression, among other things .
A Doppler radar is also used to determine the speed of so-called radar traps in road traffic .
A synthetic aperture radar is largely based on the assignment of the signals through the course of the change in their Doppler shift.
In medicine , the acoustic Doppler effect is used in ultrasound examinations to display and measure the blood flow velocity. He has proven to be extremely helpful in doing so. There is one:
Color Doppler :
Red: flow towards the probe
Blue: flow away from the probe
pW Doppler : pulsed Doppler (e.g. for vascular examinations)
cW Doppler : continuous wave Doppler (e.g. for heart valve measurements)
Laser doppler
Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) is used for the non-contact measurement of the velocity distribution of fluids (liquids and gases) . It is based on the optical Doppler effect on scattering particles in the flow. In the same way, a vibrometer is used to measure the speed of vibrating surfaces.
For water waves (gravity waves), the carrier medium of which is subject to a constant flow velocity, see wave transformation .
The satellite navigation system Transit , which has now been switched off , used the Doppler effect to determine position. It is actively used in Argos , a satellite-based system for determining position. In modern GNSS satellites, the Doppler effect is initially disruptive. It forces the receiver to search a larger frequency range. On the other hand, additional information can be obtained from the frequency shift and thus the rough positioning can be accelerated. The procedure is called Doppler aiding . See also: Doppler satellite .
In music , the Doppler effect is used to create sound effects, for example in the rotating loudspeakers of a Leslie cabinet .
Doppler effect in biological systems
During the segmentation of vertebrate - embryos running waves of gene expression by the paraxial mesoderm , the tissue from which the precursor of the vertebral body ( somites are formed). With each wave that reaches the anterior end of the presomitic mesoderm, a new thus is formed. In zebrafish , the shortening of the paraxial mesoderm during segmentation has been shown to cause a Doppler effect as the anterior end of the tissue moves into the waves. This Doppler effect contributes to the speed of segmentation.
Dependence of the frequency of a signal source on the distance to a stationary observer for different minimum distances.
A resting observer hears a sound source moving exactly towards him with the frequency , see equation (1) , if it moves away from him, with the frequency , see equation (2) . The relativistic transversal Doppler effect is irrelevant for sound sources. The further the observer is from the linear trajectory, the slower the radial velocity component changes on approach. The speed of the frequency change depends on the shortest distance between the observer and the signal source. The diagram on the right shows the frequency dependency relative to an observer resting at the origin. The red line corresponds to the frequency that he hears when the signal source passes him at a great distance, the blue line that at a short distance. The maximum and minimum frequencies are not symmetrical to the natural frequency, since the speed is not much smaller than the speed of sound . The relationships (1) and (2) apply. f z u ′ ( v / c ) {\ displaystyle f '_ {\ mathrm {zu}} (v / c)} f w e G ′ ( v / c ) {\ displaystyle f '_ {\ mathrm {weg}} (v / c)} v {\ displaystyle v} c {\ displaystyle c}
If the coordinates of the moving signal source are known, you can deduce your own location from the frequency curve (see e.g. Transit (satellite system) ).
The sound samples give the pitches that a resting observer hears when a signal source flies past him. They neglect the effect that the retreating source can be heard longer than the approaching one:
Frequency , relative speed (then and ): f 0 = 400 H z {\ displaystyle f_ {0} = 400 \, \ mathrm {Hz}} v / c = 0 , 1 {\ displaystyle v / c = 0 {,} 1} f z u m a x = 440 H z {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {zu_ {max}}} = 440 \, \ mathrm {Hz}} f w e G m i n = 360 H z {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {weg_ {min}}} = 360 \, \ mathrm {Hz}}
(1) Doppler example 1 ? / i Slowly moving signal source that observers pass by at a short distance.
(2) Doppler example 2 ? / i : like (1), but passing the signal source at a greater distance.
(3) Doppler example 3 ? / i : like (2), distance even greater.
If the relative speed increases, the frequencies shift:
Frequency as above, but (then is ). v / c = 0 , 42 {\ displaystyle v / c = 0 {,} 42} f z u m a x = 690 H z , f w e G m i n = 280 H z {\ displaystyle f _ {\ mathrm {zu_ {max}}} = 690 \, \ mathrm {Hz}, \ f _ {\ mathrm {weg_ {min}}} = 280 \, \ mathrm {Hz}}
(4) Doppler example 2b ? / i : distance like (2).
When planning the Cassini-Huygens space mission, it was not considered that the radio traffic between the two subsystems Cassini and Huygens is subject to a frequency shift due to the Doppler effect. Simulating tests were only carried out during the trip, too late to correct the cause, a phase-locked loop that was parameterized too stiffly . Various measures in the area of the error were able to reduce the expected data loss from 90% to 50%. In addition, the flight path of the mission was changed in order to completely avoid data loss due to this error.
David Nolte: The fall and rise of the Doppler effect , Physics Today, March 2020, pp. 30–35
Commons : Doppler Effect - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Christian Doppler's basic work on the Doppler effect - sources and full texts
Platform for the Doppler effect and the life and work of Christian Doppler
Technical thesis on the Doppler effect (PDF; 614 KiB; last accessed on December 17, 2012)
Examples of different speeds of an object (last accessed December 17, 2012)
^ Arnold Sommerfeld: Lectures on Theoretical Physics: Optics. Akad. Verlag, Leipzig, 1949, p. 54.
↑ a b Christian Pinter: Mistake with serious consequences ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Wiener Zeitung June 5, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wienerzeitung.at
^ Alan P. Boss: The Crowded Universe: The Search for Living Planets. Basic Books, 2009, ISBN 978-0-465-00936-7 , limited preview in Google Book Search.
↑ James H. Shea: Ole Rømer, the speed of light, the apparent period of Io, the Doppler effect, and the dynamics of Earth and Jupiter . In: Am. J. Phys. tape 66 , no. 7 , 1998, pp. 561-569 .
^ RM Goldstein: Radar Exploration of Venus. NASA JPL report JPL-TR-32-280, 1962.
↑ a b Michael E. Ash, Irvine I. Shapiro, William B. Smith: Astronomical constants and planetary ephemerides deduced from radar and optical observations. In: Astr.J. 72, 1967, p. 338. (online)
↑ Special theory of relativity, arguments for deriving the most important statements, effects and structures , Franz Embacher, University of Vienna.
↑ Paul Peter urons, Roger Hinrichs: University Physics III - Optics and Modern Physics (OpenStax) . libretexts.org, Doppler Effect for Light, Eq. (5.7.4) ( libretexts.org ). ; Sign convention reversed in the source: when the distance is reduced. v < 0 {\ displaystyle v <0}
^ D. Soroldoni, DJ Jörg, LG Morelli, D. Richmond, J. Schindelin, F. Jülicher, AC Oates (2014): A Doppler Effect in Embryonic Pattern Formation. In: Science . Volume 345, pp. 222-224. PMID 25013078 .
^ Leslie J. Deutsch ( JPL Chief Technologist): Resolving the Cassini / Huygens Relay Radio Anomaly. (PDF; 0.8 MB) (No longer available online.) 2002, archived from the original on May 26, 2010 ; accessed on June 4, 2014 .
<img src="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;">
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article "Doppler-Effekt" (Authors); it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA.


The Icy Winter Season paper pack is a collection of 12 single-sided sheets from the exclusive ModaScrap design. The designs are printed on Fedrigoni Woodstock Bianca 170 gr. a natural, recycled paper of the highest quality and warm white color.


D&S takes pride in our wide selection of quality products.
All of the products we offer are from trusted brands and are in stock, or can be delivered to you within 2-3 business days.
Keeping up to date with your boat's maintenance protects your investment and helps to keep it looking new for longer. With the right products, maintenance tasks can be completed quickly and effectively.
D&S Parts provide our customers with factory Mercrusier and Volvo parts and accessories. We stock a the most common parts for yuor boat, or can order specialized parts with 2-3 business days .
Clean, polish and protect your boat with D&S Cleaning Supplies! We stock a variety of soaps, waxes and more!
"High quality and 100% customer satisfaction are our top priorities."
Safely enjoy the water with boating safety equipment from D&S. Browse a wide selection of top-rated boating safety equipment from the best names in marina gear.
Download our entire catalog below!
D&S stocks a variety of Interlux bottom paints and supplies. Choose from the top rated Proguard Ablative, InterProtect 2000E and more.
It's time to discover the confidence that comes with owning a Power-Pole®, the first and only name in shallow water anchoring.


text:
Clear Front-Sight Picture of What Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act Will Do
The Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2017, H.R. 38, has passed the U.S. House of Representatives with a vote of 231 to 198. It was one of the first bills introduced in this Congress, and even up to its passage, and now subsequent consideration in the U.S. Senate, there's been quite a bit of misinformation meant to derail this legislation that would benefit concealed carry permit holders and maintain states' ability to enforce their laws.
Second Amendment Rights Don't End at State Borders
The Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act will do several things. First and foremost, it will ensure that Second Amendment rights don't end at state borders. It will allow authorized handgun owners who are legally permitted in their home state to carry a concealed firearm in others states that also allow concealed carry. Given that all 50 states, and the District of Columbia, now have some form of concealed carry permit, it would eliminate a dangerous patchwork of laws that concealed carry permit holders must navigate across state lines.
The sponsor of the legislation, U.S. Rep. Richard Hudson (R-N.C.) summed it up when he said, "This is just simple, common-sense legislation that says if you're a law-abiding citizen we're not going to turn you into a criminal just for crossing an invisible state line."
Burden of Proof Lies with the States
The legislation would also shift the burden of proof where it belongs, on the state, to demonstrate a permit holder didn't comply with their state laws. When it comes to federal lands, concealed carry permit holders would be permitted to carry concealed firearms in the National Parks System, National Wildlife Refuge System and lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management, Army Corps of Engineers and Bureau of Reclamation.
States would maintain the authority to set their own firearms laws and regulations for issuing permits in within their borders. The legislation provides that a permit holder who carries in another state must abide by that state's laws and regulations when it comes to carrying concealed. Residents of states that passed Constitutional carry laws would be able to carry in another state with Constitutional carry without having to obtain a permit.
Opposition and Outlandish Claims
That hasn't stopped opponents of gun rights and firearms from lashing out, sometimes with outlandish claims of what is to come if the legislation is eventually signed into law.
Claim: The U.S. Conference of Mayors, including no less than anti-gun Mayors Bill de Blasio of New York City and Rahm Emmanuel of Chicago, claims concealed carry reciprocity would "remove local governments' ability to maintain sensible gun standards, and keep a proper vetting process in place …"
Correction: This is just plain wrong. As previously stated above, the bill would allow states to set their own laws and regulations. If a state requires a permit to carry concealed, and a firearms owner comes from a state that has Constitutional carry, that person would be required to obtain a permit from their home state before carrying a firearm concealed in their neighboring state with stricter concealed carry laws.
Claim: Michael Bloomberg's Everytown for Gun Safety claims the Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act would "make our communities less safe." That chicken-little sky-is-falling hyperbole has been tried before. It wasn't' true then, and it just isn't true now. As individual states passed laws permitting law-abiding gun owners to carry concealed, predictions of a cataclysm were never borne out.
Correction: The opposite has been true. More than 16.3 million law-abiding Americans have concealed carry permits. This year, more than 1.83 million alone were issued. John Lott of the Crime Prevention Research Center reported violent that crimes fell, and at a considerable rate. Lott's study also found that concealed carry permit holders were actually more law-abiding than the population in general, with permit holders committing crimes at even lower percentages than police officers.
Claim: Former U.S. Rep. Gabby Giffords group has been particularly vocal in her groups' opposition to permitting Americans to exercise their Second Amendment rights. Her group issued a press release following the House of Representatives' passage, claiming the legislation would "let people with violent criminal histories carry guns." This is a patently false claim.
Correction: Individuals with a violent criminal history are not permitted to buy a firearm, much less carry that firearm concealed in public. States issuing permits run the same FBI National Instant Criminal Background Check (NICS) on applicants just as they do on anyone purchasing a firearm. If that individual isn't allowed to buy a firearm because of a prohibiting factor, including felony convictions, mental health adjudication, domestic violence convictions and a fugitive from justice, among other disqualifying grounds, that person would be barred from receiving a concealed carry permit.
The irony is, this Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act, in addition to providing America with an increasingly law-abiding armed citizenry, would also strengthen background checks by incentivizing states to submit criminal and mental health records of prohibited persons.
Advancing to the U.S. Senate
There is still work to be done. A companion bill is still being considered in the Senate, where antigun Senators have vowed to do everything in their power to block the legislation. And, gun control groups like Mayor Bloomberg's Everytown for Gun Safety are already lining up to file lawsuits to thwart the exercise of the Second Amendment.
You may also be interested in: NSSF Praises U.S. House Passage of National Concealed Carry Reciprocity Bill with Fix NICS Provisions
Tags: concealed carry Concealed Carry Reciprocity FBI NICS U.S. House of Representatives
Categories: BP Item, Featured, Government Relations, Top Stories

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


March – William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island .
Spring – James VII & II orders his Declaration of Indulgence, suspending penal laws against Catholics, to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England. The Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged.
18 April (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by 4 Germantown Quakers.
29 April – Death of Friedrich Wilhelm, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg-Prussia. Friedrich III becomes Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia until 1701, when he becomes the first King of Prussia as Friedrich I.
10 June – The birth of King James' heir, James Francis Edward Stuart (1688–1766; later to become known as the "Old Pretender") increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty. The fears are confirmed when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith.
30 June – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the Immortal Seven) invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to "defend the liberties of England" and depose King James VII and II.
October 27 – King James II of England fires minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.
5 November – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay with a multinational force of 15,000 mercenaries. He makes no claim to the English Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism, and begins a march on London .
9 November – William of Orange captures Exeter after the magistrates flee the city.
23 November – A group of 1,500 Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture when troops of the tsar lay siege to their monastery on Lake Onega .
26 November – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England , Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands . Perhaps revealingly, he does not attack the Netherlands but instead strikes at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire with about 100,000 soldiers. The Nine Years' War begins in Europe and America .
11 December – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II is forced to flee to France. The so-called "Glorious Revolution" is a bloodless success.
Edward Lloyd opens the London coffee house that soon becomes a popular meeting place for shipowners, merchants, insurance brokers and underwriters. In time the business association they form will outgrow the coffee house premises and become Lloyd's of London .
Fall of Belgrade to the Austrians as the Ottoman Empire continues to lose ground in Europe.
Fire destroys Bungay in England .
The Ottoman Turks besiege Vienna .
Antonio Verrio begins work on the Heaven Room at Burghley House .
The Austrians incite a rebellion against the Ottomans in Bulgaria .
See also :Category: 1688 births.
See also :Category: 1688 deaths.


text:
Q: ascii char representation in Java? If I use a single int to represent an ascii character set, how is using it reducing the storage space by a factor of 8 ? as compared to an array of 256 boolean values ? The single int is also functioning like a bit vector.
A boolean in java will occupy 1 bit as it can represent only true or false values. So for example if i have an array of boolean values. boolean[] char_set = new boolean[256] This will occupy 256 bits correct ? I'm reading that if i use a single int like a bit vector which means I can use 32 bits to cover 256 values. I guess that is reduction by a factor of 8. But why does the code below work ?
It is checking if there are any duplicates in the string. They are assuming an ascii char set. Str is some string.
int checker = 0;
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++)
{
  int val = str.charAt(i) - 'a';
  if(checker& (1<<val)) > 0)
  {
     return false;
  }
  checker |= (1<<val);
}
  return true;
}

Can someone particularly explain how the bit vector logic works in this case. They are assuming the string contains lowercase characters.

A: An int is 32 bits, not 256 bits. It alone would not be enough to represent a set of 256 possible items. You need 8 of them. I am not sure what you mean that you can use just 32 bits then.
It's not clear what you're looping over -- what is str? All 256 values from 0 to 255? I'm suspicious because you are subtracting 'a'. Is your universe of values only 32 possible chars? Then sure you can use 32 bits. But where did 256 ever come from then?
Your mask condition needs to be != 0 to work for the highest bit set.
(A boolean's "real" size is opaque to the Java programmer. In reality, you will find that it is not 1 bit (machines aren't bit-addressable), nor even 1 byte. Java actually uses a whole 32-bit word. But this is not really related to your question.)

A: What the piece of code does is just "mark" a bit to signify the presence of a character.
In your case: int val = str.charAt(i) - 'a';. If the current character is a then val is equal to 0 so this line checker& (1<<val) checks if the zero bit is set (LSB). If it is then a has been seen before. Otherwise it sets it. If the current character is b then val will be equal to 1 so the next higher bit is set (first bit) and so on.
Essentially on the ascii charset just using a single int this way saves space as opossed to the boolean[256] array but this code can only handle the alphabet a-z while boolean[256] handles all of ASCII and the code will be clearer

A:
A boolean in java will occupy 1 bit as it can represent only true or false values. So for example if i have an array of boolean values. boolean[] char_set = new boolean[256] This will occupy 256 bits correct ?

This is incorrect. Mondern computers cannot address a single bit.
Also, to represent ASCII characters, you only need 8 bits since 2^8 = 256 (where ^ means exponentiation).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Hafeez issued show-cause notice for criticising ICC
All-rounder has 14 days to respond to charges
Sports Desk in Karachi
Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) has issued a show-cause notice to all-rounder Mohammad Hafeez for criticising the International Cricket Council (ICC) for their part in dealing with suspect bowling actions.
Hafeez, who for the third time, cleared his action recently after being reported for a suspected bowling action in the series against Sri Lanka last year, passed those remarks about the cricket governing body in an interview to a British media outlet, where he questioned the procedure.
Hafeez claimed that he could not understand why his bowling action was declared illegal which had a 16 degree bend, but bowlers who have 25 or 30 degree bends are not being reported.
Those claims brought the veteran all-rounder in hot waters as he is now supposed to respond to the PCB's show cause notice in 14 days' time.
In that interview, Hafeez also questioned the selection policy after being ignored for the T20I series against West Indies even after consistent performances with the bat.
Pakistan Cup 2018 schedule announced by PCB
Emotional Hafeez ecstatic to play in front of home crowd
ICC clear Mohammad Hafeez's bowling action


Cabela's - Will you be able to control your fear long enough to fend off the deadly beasts? Smarter and Deadlier Predators The new Prowler animal AI engine simulates pack social hierarchies, coordinates complex group tactics and takes advantage of the surroundings to set up deadly ambushes. New maneater co-op mode two players can join together to take on wave after wave of increasingly deadly beasts in the all-new split screen Maneater mode.
. In an epic story written by andrew Kreisberg of Fringe, two brothers are torn apart after the death of their father at the hands of a grizzly bear. Can you hold your own against the most vicious beasts the animal kingdom has to offer? find out in cabela's dangerous hunts 2013! african adventures Explore the vast wilderness of Africa on foot and by vehicle, where you'll go head to head with the most ferocious beasts on the planet as you attempt to take down the biggest of the "Big 5:" The Rhino, Lion, Leopard, Cape Buffalo & African Elephant! -Features vast hunting areas 5x the size of any other Cabela's® console game -Highly memorable "Big 5"; challenging and fun boss animal fights.
Wii/Wii-U Cabela's African Adventures & Dangerous Hunts 2013 Game Bundle Set - The guns included are different from one another, but both are fully compatible with each game included. Enjoy two different hunting games with a friend on your Wii or Wii U system! Cabela's african Adventures COMPLETE game set. Exclusive cabela's double bundle not found anywhere else. Cabela's dangerous hunts 2013 COMPLETE game set.
All-new, exciting storyline to explore -enter and leave your vehicle anytime, anywhere while you take on large herds of stampeding buffalo, packs of predators, and dream prey across 5 different biomes! -Two exciting modes: Safari Mode: mission-based career progression; Shooting Galleries.
Activision Inc. 76618 - Be the last one standing after facing off against challenging boss battles, melee face-offs and a groundbreaking, genre bending mix of 1st and 3rd person combat. Rich story mode - a richly detailed story of epic survival and adventurous spirit unfolds before your eyes. Be prepared to face non-stop challenges and the ride of a lifetime through the daunting Alaskan wilderness in an effort to complete a mysterious mission Features -.
You are the hunted - along the way you can expect to be confronted by some of the world's most dangerous predators. Which will succeed. These creatures are fighting for survival just as much as you are. Traverse mountainous terrain, and slippery frozen paths as you complete a mysterious mission. Extreme survival - use your wits, skills and physical endurance to battle against the merciless cold, hazardous geography and the constant threat of starvation.
Nintendo Wii - Cabelas Survival: Shadows of Katmai - Cabela's famous shooting galleries - no cabela's title is complete without a shooting gallery. Test your instinct while scavenging for gear and hunting for your food. You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, thick forests, Logan James. Cabela's survival: shadows of katmai puts you face to face with the unforgiving forces of nature! A strikingly deep storyline is riddled with harrowing challenges of extreme survival.
Activision Inc. 76562 - The challenge doesn't end there. Dynamic weather and natural hazards. Rich story mode - a richly detailed story of epic survival and adventurous spirit unfolds before your eyes. Traverse mountainous terrain, and slippery frozen paths as you complete a mysterious mission. Extreme survival - use your wits, skills and physical endurance to battle against the merciless cold, hazardous geography and the constant threat of starvation.
Reflex and Target Shooting galleries. With the world as their playground, players will explore a vast expanse of mountains and valleys with unprecedented choices in direction never before seen in a Cabela's hunting game. Animal movement gives you clues to what it will do next. They must also utilize master hunting skills such as advanced stalking techniques so they can quickly move through cover and close in on their targets.
Nintendo Wii - Cabela's Big Game Hunter 2012 SAS - Features -. You are the hunted - along the way you can expect to be confronted by some of the world's most dangerous predators. You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, thick forests, Logan James. Players can climb an area to get a better angle for the shot but risk being spotted, or they can take a low elevation route with poor visibility but plenty of concealment.
Features -. Every animal's unique movement gives clues on what the animal will do next.
Nintendo - Cabela's famous shooting galleries - no cabela's title is complete without a shooting gallery. The nintendo wii includes one wireless wii remote controller, bowling and boxing, one Nunchuk controller and the groundbreaking collection of five different Wii Sports games on one disc tennis, baseball, which anyone can play using simple movements, golf, experienced or not.
The new controller allows users to pinpoint targets in games or move through the Wii Channel Menu with precision and ease. These creatures are fighting for survival just as much as you are. You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, thick forests, Logan James. Dynamic weather and natural hazards. Features -.
Nintendo Wii Console with Wii Sports Certified Refurbished - Animal movement gives you clues to what it will do next. They can add topspin or slice the ball just by angling their hands and wrist like they would in a real match. Does not come with original box or manuals. Console and accessories are in excellent condition. Comes with a 90 day Amazon Certified Refurbished warranty.
For example, players swing the wii Remote like a racket to hit the ball, in the Wii Sports tennis game, as in real life. Wii sports game is professionally resurfaced.
Nintendo - Traverse mountainous terrain, and slippery frozen paths as you complete a mysterious mission. Extreme survival - use your wits, skills and physical endurance to battle against the merciless cold, hazardous geography and the constant threat of starvation. Motion gaming although motion gaming has been front and center since the launch of the Wii in 2006, the other two consoles have their own motion gaming offerings that provide unique play opportunities on their respective platforms that have also found a wide audience.
These creatures are fighting for survival just as much as you are. Everything you need to play! Thoroughly cleaned, carefully tested and guaranteed. The refurbishing process includes functionality testing, basic cleaning, a minimum 90-day warranty, and repackaging. Reflex and Target Shooting galleries. Each is an impressive multifunctional device, with designs meant to encourage integration into existing home entertainment systems and networks, but each goes about this in different ways.
Nintendo Wii Console, White Certified Refurbished - It also contains a speaker, a rumble feature, and an external connector for other input devices like the Nunchuk controller and the Classic Controller. Features -. This certified refurbished product is tested and certified to look and work like new. You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, thick forests, Logan James.
Nintendo RVLPRMCE - The refurbishing process includes functionality testing, basic cleaning, a minimum 90-day warranty, and repackaging. Reflex and Target Shooting galleries. Cabela's famous shooting galleries - no cabela's title is complete without a shooting gallery. 2008 software - racing wheel not included. Animal movement gives you clues to what it will do next.
Only select sellers who maintain a high performance bar may offer Certified Refurbished products on Amazon. Com. Bundle includes: wii console, wii remote Jacket, Wii AC Adaptor, nunchuk, sensor bar, Wii Remote, Wii AV Cable. Built-in wi-fi access For Easy Connection To Internet. You are the hunted - along the way you can expect to be confronted by some of the world's most dangerous predators.
Mario Kart Wii - Wii sports game is professionally resurfaced. Battery: no battery used. Console and accessories are in excellent condition. You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, thick forests, Logan James. Includes: wii console, wii sports game, wii remote with silicone cover and wrist strap, sensor bar, Nunchuk, video cord, power cord, and 2 AA batteries.
Rich story mode - a richly detailed story of epic survival and adventurous spirit unfolds before your eyes.
Activision Inc. 047875756496 - Everything you need to play! Thoroughly cleaned, carefully tested and guaranteed. Console and accessories are in excellent condition. Does not come with original box or manuals. Only select sellers who maintain a high performance bar may offer Certified Refurbished products on Amazon. Com. Bundle includes: wii console, wii remote Jacket, sensor bar, Wii Remote, nunchuk, Wii AC Adaptor, Wii AV Cable.
Built-in wi-fi access For Easy Connection To Internet. Features -. You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, thick forests, Logan James. Backwards compatible with GameCube games. Play friends locally on a single Wii. Wii sports game is professionally resurfaced. Includes: wii console, nunchuk, video cord, sensor bar, Wii Sports game, Wii remote with silicone cover and wrist strap, power cord, and 2 AA batteries.
Cabela's Trophy Bucks WII - Animal movement gives you clues to what it will do next. The refurbishing process includes functionality testing, a minimum 90-day warranty, basic cleaning, and repackaging. You are the hunted - along the way you can expect to be confronted by some of the world's most dangerous predators. Be the last one standing after facing off against challenging boss battles, melee face-offs and a groundbreaking, genre bending mix of 1st and 3rd person combat.
Cabela's - You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, Logan James. Console and accessories are in excellent condition. Dancepad Included. Be prepared to face non-stop challenges and the ride of a lifetime through the daunting Alaskan wilderness in an effort to complete a mysterious mission. You are the hunted - along the way you can expect to be confronted by some of the world's most dangerous predators.
Reflex and Target Shooting galleries. Cabela's survival: shadows of katmai puts you face to face with the unforgiving forces of nature! A strikingly deep storyline is riddled with harrowing challenges of extreme survival. Dynamic weather and natural hazards. Battery: no battery used. Top shot elite rifle gun is compatible with working with all of the following games: African Adventures, Big Game Hunter: Pro Hunts, Hunting Expeditions, Big Game Hunter 2012, Dangerous Hunts 2013, Dangerous Hunts 2011, Survival: Shadows of the Katmai.
Wii/Wii-U Cabela's Survival Shadows of Katmai Game Set Top Shot 2-GUN BUNDLE - Only select sellers who maintain a high performance bar may offer Certified Refurbished products on Amazon. Com. Bundle includes: wii console, sensor bar, nunchuk, Wii AC Adaptor, Wii Remote Jacket, Wii Remote, Wii AV Cable. Built-in wi-fi access For Easy Connection To Internet. These creatures are fighting for survival just as much as you are.
Activision Inc. 76944 - Dancepad Included. Since every move you make is ultimately monitored and graded; the power to maximize your score will come through a sharpened skill set and strategic gameplay. Reflex and Target Shooting galleries. You are the hunted - along the way you can expect to be confronted by some of the world's most dangerous predators.
You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, Logan James. Only select sellers who maintain a high performance bar may offer Certified Refurbished products on Amazon. Com. Bundle includes: wii console, nunchuk, Wii Remote, sensor bar, Wii Remote Jacket, Wii AC Adaptor, Wii AV Cable. Built-in wi-fi access For Easy Connection To Internet.
Nintendo Wii - Cabela's Hunting Expeditions - Battery: no battery used. Cabela's hunting Expeditions is like having a world-class outfitter at your fingertips. Which will succeed. You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, thick forests, Logan James. Which will succeed? Cover more territory and position yourself closer to the trophies by means of vehicles.
These creatures are fighting for survival just as much as you are. With unprecedented freedom, you decide the destination and the journey.
XS Games 8085524 - New and improved mini-games. Only select sellers who maintain a high performance bar may offer Certified Refurbished products on Amazon. Com. Bundle includes: wii console, nunchuk, Wii AC Adaptor, Wii Remote, Wii Remote Jacket, sensor bar, Wii AV Cable. Built-in wi-fi access For Easy Connection To Internet. Rich story mode - a richly detailed story of epic survival and adventurous spirit unfolds before your eyes.
Majestic terrains from North America to Africa. Be the last one standing after facing off against challenging boss battles, melee face-offs and a groundbreaking, genre bending mix of 1st and 3rd person combat. These creatures are fighting for survival just as much as you are. Which will succeed. Animal movement gives you clues to what it will do next.
Bass Pro Shops - The Hunt Bundle - Nintendo Wii - You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, Logan James. Cabela's famous shooting galleries - no cabela's title is complete without a shooting gallery. You control the fate of an intrepid explorer, thick forests, Logan James. The refurbishing process includes functionality testing, a minimum 90-day warranty, basic cleaning, and repackaging.
New and improved career mode.
Beastron ZGWWB - Be the last one standing after facing off against challenging boss battles, melee face-offs and a groundbreaking, genre bending mix of 1st and 3rd person combat. Which will succeed? Nintendo wii wheel for Mario kart Black x 2 bundle. Includes: wii console, video cord, power cord, sensor bar, Nunchuk, Wii remote with silicone cover and wrist strap, Wii Sports game, and 2 AA batteries.
Backwards compatible with GameCube games. You are the hunted - along the way you can expect to be confronted by some of the world's most dangerous predators. Comes with a 90 day Amazon Certified Refurbished warranty. The refurbishing process includes functionality testing, a minimum 90-day warranty, basic cleaning, and repackaging.
Beastron Mario Kart Racing Wheel for Nintendo Wii, 2 Sets Black Color Bundle - New and improved mini-games. Be the last one standing after facing off against challenging boss battles, melee face-offs and a groundbreaking, genre bending mix of 1st and 3rd person combat. Which will succeed. Rich story mode - a richly detailed story of epic survival and adventurous spirit unfolds before your eyes.
Custom bundle not found elsewhere containing 2 Top Shot Elite Rifle controllers. Dancepad Included. Rewards will be granted for an accurate shot.


text:
Tag Archives: Air Cmdr David Case
Guyana's gifts to the world – By Alex Murray BBC News
Guyana's gifts to the world
Guyana 50th Anniversary Logo
By Alex Murray BBC News – 26 May 2016 – From the section Latin America & Caribbean
It's 50 years since the British colony of Guiana became Guyana.
Covering 214,969 sq km (83,000 sq miles), it is the only English-speaking country on mainland South America.
In popular culture, the country is sadly best known for the tragic events of Jonestown, where more than 900 people died in a mass suicide.
To mark the 50th anniversary of independence, BBC News highlights some of the positive contributions from "the land of a thousand rivers".
Read more – Guyana's gifts to the world – BBC News
By guyaneseonline | Posted in Geography, Guyana, History, Personalities, Tourism / Entertainment | Also tagged By Alex Murray BBC News, Cy Grant, Demerara sugar, E R Braithwaite's experiences - To Sir with Love, Eddy Grant, famous Guyanese cricketers, Guyana's gifts to the world, Guyanese Online, he positive contributions from "the land of a thousand rivers"., Kaieteur Falls, Mount Roraima, Norman Beaton, Rihanna - Guyanese ancestry, The Man Booker Prize, The poetry of John Agard, Valerie Amos | Comments (5)
SANDALS RESORTS: IN LOVING MEMORY OF GORDON "BUTCH" STEWART - 1941- 2021- video
US POLITICS: Statement of Apology - By Thomas Lifson | American Thinker
USA POLITICS: "This is Not The True America" - WE SHOULD STOP PRETENDING! - New York Times video
BOOK: Big Ole Home By De Sea – By Neena Maiya
U.S. has no intention of setting up any military base in Guyana – U.S Admiral


Claudio claims that to understand the value and purity of his chocolate, tasting a toasted cocoa bean could be enough.
Savoring it will surprise the high quality of the raw material and it will be like taking a trip through the scents of the Terreiro Velho plantation.
To peel a cocoa bean just take it between your thumb and forefinger and squeeze it lightly against a surface. A small clack will tell us that the tegument has broken; then it easily separates from the seed and is thrown together with the radicle which would be hard and bitter to the palate.
Once peeled the bean will be able to express all its sweetness and will give way to every palate to discover that in reality pure cocoa is not bitter.


text:
Métavers: distinguer la vraie valeur du matraquage médiatique En savoir plus
Gouvernance du Cloud : Focus sur FinOps En savoir plus
Fraport : la vision par ordinateur et l'IA optimisent les opérations aéroportuaires En savoir plus
Area42 En savoir plus
Sustainability at Reply En savoir plus
Reply a été nommé « Visionnaire » dans le 2022 Magic Quadrant™ de Gartner® pour les Systèmes de Gestion d'Entrepôt En savoir plus
Le Conseil d'administration approuve le rapport financier trimestriel au 30 septembre 2022 En savoir plus
AISportsWatch livestreaming sports at scale with Google Cloud
AISportsWatch
AISportsWatch aims to balance the scales between top clubs and amateur teams by providing an online platform for broadcasting the matches of smaller teams across a range of sports. The company has developed its own cutting-edge camera built with multiple lenses, arranged side by side, which provide full 180-degree coverage of a sports field at all times.
AISportsWatch then uses AI to automatically knit together the images from the lenses, identify where the main activity is, and focus the video feed there. The result is a seamless, edited, professional-looking live feed that ensures viewers never miss the action. Alongside this AISportsWatch has created a range of AI tools that collects data on everything that happens on the playing field, helping clubs refine their coaching strategies and pinpoint areas for training and improvement.
When AISportsWatch first launched in 2017, it covered a few dozen matches every weekend in its native Germany. Even then, an on-premises infrastructure didn't have the capacity to broadcast livestreams without investing a huge amount into hardware, so the company built its initial platform on the cloud.
By mid-2018 however, AISportsWatch had increased both the number of matches and types of sports it was broadcasting, while working on higher quality cameras and improved AI that ingested and analyzed even more data. This required increasing amounts of resources and the existing cloud infrastructure started to prove unreliable, with unplanned outages coming at crucial times when demand was at its highest.
In one case, AISportsWatch had to resort to manual methods in order to deliver an unexpected 50,000 parallel accesses from football fans tuning in to watch their favourite team.
Today the company partners with more than 2,000 clubs to livestream football, basketball, and, most recently, ice hockey matches in full 1080p HD.
To achieve such an all-encompassing platform at such scale, AISportsWatch turned to Google Cloud and chose Go Reply, Google Cloud Premier Partner, to help reshape the company's architecture for a smooth switchover to the Google Cloud environment.
The challenge for us is to maintain a consistent level of quality across all our livestreams. As we grew bigger, we started to have problems with stability and outages. We needed a new infrastructure that could scale on demand without compromising our standards. For us, that was Google Cloud.
Marvin Baudewig
AISportsWatch looked for an alternative cloud platform and chose to trial some of its services with Google Cloud. After a few months AISportsWatch was ready to complete the migration and teamed up with Go Reply, a Google Cloud Premier Partner, who within one month helped reshape the company's architecture for a smooth switchover to the Google Cloud environment.
Go Reply enabled the company to take advantage of the flexibility of Google Cloud to design an infrastructure that can adapt to the unique challenges of its work. For the livestreaming functionality, the vast majority of traffic is now handled with microservices orchestrated with Cloud Functions, while the stateful applications run on App Engine. Their AI tools now run on Compute Engine virtual machines, which can scale up or down as required. Meanwhile, Cloud Storage provides a secure, easily accessible way of storing the huge amount of streams that AISportsWatch has accumulated over the years.
With Google Cloud, AISportsWatch has expanded its business in all directions and improved its service to customers. The ability to customize the hardware on its virtual machines on Compute Engine allows AISportsWatch to ingest and analyze even more information than before. Since moving to Google Cloud, the company has accumulated around 220 terabytes of data including video and match statistics and livestreams around 300 matches every weekend.
"Not only can we analyze and track the game in real time, we can also determine the players and ball position, while simultaneously providing the user with a full HD stream," says Marvin. "None of it would be possible without the flexible scalability of the GPUs available with Google Cloud."
AISportsWatch is also looking beyond its proprietary AI tools and experimenting with Video Intelligence API which could help the platform track players and objects more precisely, for more useful statistics. Growth is however still the main objective for the company, which plans to stream around 1,500 matches every weekend by the end of next year, a fivefold expansion.
"If we want to keep growing, it makes sense to keep using Google Cloud"
Speed played a big factor in the success of the solution - "We were up and running very quickly with Google Cloud," says Marvin. "We found it worked really fast and well for us."
Even as the load on its infrastructure has increased, AISportsWatch has been able to make its livestreams an even smoother experience for customers. "With Memcache in App Engine, we've reduced our page load times by 40% and kept them constant, even with high traffic loads when we're streaming 50 matches at the same time," says Marvin.
Google Cloud has a simplicity and ease of use that has also improved the lives for Marvin's team of developers. The combination of Cloud Functions and Compute Engine has cut deployment times from 30 minutes to around five minutes, leading to more updates and features for AISportsWatch's customers to enjoy. One popular example is a coaching tool that can automatically generate highlight clips and game summaries in real time.
"Cloud Functions makes it easy to deploy code, so it's a real highlight for us. It's fast, cost efficient, and we know it can scale up to cope with high request volume, without the need for us to get involved. It's made our lives much easier"
The stability of the platform is perhaps the most crucial benefit in terms of performance as a result of Go Reply's solution.
As AISportsWatch grew bigger they started to have problems with stability and outages, needing a new infrastructure that could scale on demand without compromising their high standards. Go Reply ensured a fluid migration and a stable solution that ensured AISportsWatch customers never miss a minute of the action.
"We used to crash for maybe an hour every week, but since we moved to Google Cloud, the infrastructure hasn't failed at all"
AISportsWatch offers a cost efficient and fully automatic production, activation, and broadcasting service that delivers video content to fans of more than 2,000 sports clubs. AISportsWatch uses Cloud Functions and Compute Engine virtual machines to power its all-inclusive, AI-led sports broadcasting platform for fans of all kinds of sports.
Go Reply
Go Reply, part of the Reply Group, is a Google Cloud Premier Partner providing services in the following areas: cloud strategy and migration, cloud hosting, big data, machine learning, PCI/ISO compliance and security management, productivity services and fully managed 24 x 7 services to support your business-critical applications.
Privacy Notice (Candidat)
Privacy Notice (Fournisseur)


text:
Message from the HOD
Carnegie conference
M.IT Stream B Programme
Carnegie CPD Programme
Partnerships and collaboration
Industry Partnerships and Collaborations
Institutes, Centres and Units
African Centre of Excellence for Information Ethics
Sport & Athletics
Library Staff attend lecture by Prof Heidi Julien from the University at Buffalo
Heidi Julien is a Professor and Chair of the Department of Library & Information Studies at the University at Buffalo. Her research and teaching interests focus on digital literacy and information behaviour. She has served as editor of the Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science...
Prof Olívia Pestana – Global Mobility Programme
On 13 March 2018, the Department of Information Science in the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology welcomed Professor Olívia Pestana from the University of Porto in Portugal.
Visit by academic from University of Loughborough (UK)
Dr Janet Harrison from the University of Loughborough (UK) visits the University of Pretoria
Developing an ethical African information society through education
The evolution of information has brought its own set of challenges and ethical questions, such as questions about ownership, privacy, the 'digital divide' and e-waste.
Conferences Attended
Professor Theo Bothma attends conferences in Germany and Spain!
Dr Beth le Roux to publish book with Brill
Dr Beth le Roux, co-ordinator of the publishing studies course, is publishing a book based on her PhD called The Social History of University Presses in Apartheid South Africa.
Conference jointly hosted by the University of Pretoria and the University of Cape Town: Colloquium on 'Print Culture and Colonisation in Africa'
The Print Culture and colonisation in Africa conference will be held on 28 and 29 May 2015 in Cape Town in collaboration with Oxford Brookes University and with funding from the British Academy.
New Multimedia Information Site
In order to communicate what the BIS Multimedia degree is all about, a new Information Site was created for the University of Pretoria's website.
New Hardware to Facilitate Research Focus in Multimedia Studies
The Multimedia Department has acquired a powerful PC to be able to work with the Oculus Rift Development Kit 2 (ORDK 2) in order to do experiments with regards to virtual reality and more specifically, virtual environments.
SABDC Digital Summit
March 18-19 was dedicated to the South African Book Development Council (SABDC) Digital Summit for 2015 held at the National Library of South Africa in Pretoria
UP team wins SA national finals of the Microsoft Imagine Cup by fighting aliens
A team of four multimedia students from the University of Pretoria, who call themselves the Super Sea Dragons, won the SA national finals of the Microsoft Imagine Cup.
New Fully Funded Masters Programme in Information Technology (M.IT)
Within the School of Information Technology, the Department of Information Science received a special and exciting grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Professor Fanie de Beer receives the Stals Prize for Library and Information Science
Professor Fanie de Beer received the Stals Prize for Library and Information Science recently and an article describing his achievement has appeared in the Innovate magazine.
Professor Paul Sturges visits the University of Pretoria
Last week Professor Paul Sturges visited the University of Pretoria to give two presentations regarding his work in the Information Science field
The Creativity, Innovation and Management conference
Mrs. Marietjie Schutte attended and presented at the MIC 2009 (Creativity, Innovation and Management) conference in November 2009. The conference was held in Sousse, Tunisia from 25 to 28 November and the title of her presentation was "Cultivating Knowle
Visiting students from the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee
On 14 January this year, Prof Ina Fourie gave a guest lecture to a group of visiting students from the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee on HIV/AIDS and information retrieval.
The Healthcare Summit
This year, from 24-26 January, Prof Ina Fourie presented a paper titled "A healthcare management issue: what are the pros and cons of the Internet with respect to medical consultations?" at the Healthcare Summit held at the Birchwood Conference Centre in
Research at the Central Cancer Library at The Netherlands Cancer Institute
Early April Prof Ina Fourie will visit the Central Cancer Library at The Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam for two weeks for research with Dr Suzanne Bakker concerning the information needs and information behaviour of various staff groups at the
The European Association of Medical and Health Libraries conference
Prof Ina Fourie will attend the 12th EAHIL (European Association of Medical and Health Libraries) conference in Portugal, Lisbon form 14 - 18 June 2010.
Interview with Kw
Mr. Wilem-Jan (WeeJee) Olwagen, creator of the cartoon series Die Lewe is


Mostly cloudy skies. High 83F. Winds SSE at 10 to 20 mph..
Cloudy skies early, then thunderstorms developing late. Low 67F. Winds SE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 80%.
The 80th Annual Membership Meeting of PC Electric is scheduled for Wednesday, January 30 at 12 o'clock noon at the Scott Civic Center on Major Parkway in New Roads. Registration will take place from 9:00 am to 12:00 noon. Registration will close promptly at noon.
Doors will open at 9:00 a.m. for free health screenings, informational exhibits and demonstrations. Entertainment will also be provided. Goody bags will be given to the first 500 members to register.
The business meeting will begin promptly at noon. Members are reminded to bring their registration cards included with the notification of the meeting. The business meeting will consist of reports of officers, directors and committees; announcement of members elected to serve on the board; and other business that may properly come before the membership.
Drawings will be held to select the winners of the 2019 continuing education scholarships being offered by PC Electric to high school seniors, and endowments will be presented to the 4-H programs of Iberville, Pointe Coupee and West Baton Rouge parishes.
Members of PC Electric will have the opportunity to meet the directors and staff of their electric cooperative, Public Service Commissioners, and fellow co-op members.
Refreshments will be served as the members check in at the registration table and approximately45 lucky members in attendance will take home door prizes. Only PC Electric members are eligible to win door prizes.
There will be various exhibits and free health screenings from 9:00 am to 11:30 am.


text:
Q: OCaml syntax for passing in custom objects as parameters I'm trying to get a grip on the OCaml language syntax and am having some trouble with applying some OOP structures. My goal with the below code is to have a class bar that inherits from a virtual class foo. The virtual class contains three virtual methods that I hope to take an instance of a "player" object as a parameter. When I compile the below code, I get the error: The method doThis has type 'a -> 'b but is expected to have type player . What does this mean (remember, I'm new at this) and how do I go about correcting it?
Thanks!
class player =
object

end;;

class virtual foo =
object (self)
 method virtual doThis : player
 method virtual doThat : player
 method virtual notifyAll : player array
end;;

class bar (playersIn: player array) =
object (self)
 inherit foo
 method doThis (p:player) = Printf.printf "%s\n" "This!"
 method doThat (p:player) = Printf.printf "%s\n" "That!"
 method notifyAll (p:player array) = Printf.printf "%s\n" "Notifying!"
end;;

A: (I don't know OCaml, but I do know F#, and they are similar, so hopefully I am guessing right.)
Try changing
method virtual doThis : player
method virtual doThat : player
method virtual notifyAll : player array

to
method virtual doThis : player -> unit
method virtual doThat : player -> unit
method virtual notifyAll : player array -> unit

A: I believe the previous answer to this is correct: the methods in question need their types to be functions that return unit.
Another, more general piece of advice: don't start learning OCaml by starting to learn the object system.  Objects in OCaml can be useful, but the cases where you really want to be programming with objects are few and far between.  And you won't be able to understand OCaml's object system until you get a good grip on the core language.  Focus on how to solve your problems using basic algebraic datatypes (variants, tuples, records), ordinary parametric polymorphism (as opposed to the subtyping you see with polymorphic variants and objects), and modules (but not functors).
Get an understanding of these basic tools before playing around with objects.  Most problems you would solve with objects in other languages are solved best in OCaml without them.


text:
You are here:Home Media Centre CIOB News
CIOB News
CIOB builds a clearer path towards Chartered careers
The Chartered Institute of Building is changing its grade structure to encourage more people to become chartered, increasing the level of professio
Published: 1st July 2015
CIOB publishes Annual Review & Accounts 2014
The Chartered Institute of Building has published today its Annual Review & Accounts 2014.
CIOB promotes management careers in construction to those leaving the military
In the build up towards Armed Forces Day, which takes place on 27 June, the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) is promoting management careers
Published: 23rd June 2015
CIOB announces Members Forum 2015
Members of the Chartered Institute of Building are set to converge upon Cambridge to represent the interests of all CIOB members and to plan the fu
Published: 8th June 2015
Scholar cladding research celebrated by CIOB and NHBC
Today the Hilton London Euston Hotel played host to the National Housing Building Council (NHBC) and the Chartered Institute of Building's (CIOB) F
CIOB launches Ageing Population Survey
Today, the Chartered Institute of Building has launched its: 'Ageing Population Survey'. The survey, which can be found on
Published: 1st June 2015
CIOB responds to the Queen's Speech announcements
As the Conservatives begin their term in government, the Chartered Institute of Building provides its reaction to today's Queen Speech.
CMYA judges embark on summer site visit marathon
The second phase of the 2015 Construction Manager of the Year Awards is officially under way as CMYA judges pr
Presidential initiatives bring academia to the heart of construction
Two recent events have placed CIOB at the fulcrum of worldwide academic and company research in the built environment.
Winner of CIOB Minecraft Competition Announced
The Chartered Institute of Building is pleased to announce the winner of its Minecraft competition.
Government tribute to the "critical contribution" of the construction industry
The Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, Alok Sharma MP, has today written to the UK construction industry.
Published: 2nd April 2020


Dr. Pozefsky, MD is a practicing Internist in Lutherville Timonium, MD. Dr. Pozefsky graduated from New York University School of Medicine in 1962 and has been in practice for 57 years. He completed a residency at Duke University Medical Center. Dr. Pozefsky also specializes in Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism. He currently practices at Park Medical Associates and is affiliated with Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. Dr. Pozefsky accepts multiple insurance plans including Medicare, Cigna, and Blue Cross Blue Shield. Dr. Pozefsky is board certified in Internal Medicine.


Vinegar making is an ancient craft. Mankind first harnessed the creation of vinegar, along with its preservative and medicinal qualities, more than ten thousand years ago. Nowadays, however, most guides to making your own vinegar are limited to allowing wine to ferment on its own, often with less-than-stellar results. Truly high-quality vinegar production is an art and science in itself. Austrian distillers Helge Schmickl and Bettina Malle use their experience and scientific background to provide special insight into the creation of artisanal vinegars.


The loyalty of a dog is second to none. They will do almost anything to protect their humans, and if that means stepping in front of a ferocious wild animal, they won't hesitate to act.
A woman in North Carolina owes her life to her loyal dog. When a bear threatened her and her two children, Pickles, her 5-pound Toy Poodle, stood his ground and snapped back at the bear, giving them enough time to escape.
Sadly, Pickles was not so fortunate.
The town of Black mountain, North Carolina.
Like she did most mornings, Tiffany Merrill opened the door to her Black Mountain home and let Pickles out to do his business. She never expected anyone to be there waiting to come in, but on this occasion there was a big angry bear, and there wasn't about to be deterred.
"I would say he was about 150 to 200 pounds ― very aggressive [and] not scared at all," Merrill told CBS 17.
Bears are common around Black Mountain, but the one Merrill faced was aggressive, as well.
She was afraid for her life, and had good reason to be. Meanwhile, her children were just waking up in their bedrooms.
"I have kids on each side of the house. I didn't want to run into the bedroom where my daughter was and have (the bear) chase me in there, so I darted behind the couch and it jumped up on the couch," Merrill said.
Pickles was left with serious injuries after his run-in with the bear.
She screamed at her children, telling them to shut their bedroom doors.
Pickles jumped in front of the bear and diverted its attention from Merrill. He even managed to get the bear outside, but not before being seriously injured.
Merrill was heartbroken over the loss of her beloved Pickles.
The bear eventually ran away, and Merrill brought Pickles back in, but he was in bad shape. The fight with the bear left the small dog with severe lacerations.
Pickles had lost a lot of blood.
After rushing the dog to the animal hospital, Merrill was faced with wishing her loyal family dog farewell. Pickles died shortly after.
The bear is still on the loose in Black Mountain, and along with offering the public information on how to live safely in bear country–leaving them alone, and never leaving food or trash outside where they can get to it–authorities have given Merrill the go-ahead to use deadly force if she sees it again.
"They just informed me if I felt threatened, I could shoot it the next time," she said.


text:
Wilhelm was formally declared the German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles on 18 January. Read More
Tomorrow's historical event
19th January 1915: Two German Zeppelin airships drop bombs on the Norfolk towns of Great Yarmouth and Kings Lynn in Britain's first experience of an air raid
Subscribe using iTunesSubscribe using Stitcher
The Battle of Monte Cassino began when Allied forces launched the first of four attacks against the Gustav Line in Italy.Read more
The title Augustus is understood to translate as 'the illustrious one' and, although the title did not grant Octavian him political authority, many historians see this as the point at which his rule as first…Read more
21 people were killed and a further 150 were injured after 2.3 million gallons of molasses swept through North End in Boston, Massachusetts after a storage tank collapsed.Read more
14th January 1943: Churchill and Roosevelt meet at the Casablanca Conference
On the 14th January 1943, the Casablanca Conference began in Morocco.Read more
13th January 1935: The Territory of the Saar Basin voted in a plebiscite to reunite with Germany
Voter turnout in the plebiscite was 98% of all eligible voters in the Saar, and 90.8% of them chose to re-join the German Reich.Read more
12th January 1895: Foundation of the National Trust
On the 12th January 1895, the National Trust was founded by Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Hardwicke Rawnsley.Read more
11th January 1923: French and Belgian troops marched into Germany and occupied the industrial Ruhr area
The occupation of the Ruhr was met with passive resistance by the German workers. Their strike was only called off on 26 September as rampant hyperinflation crippled the German economy.Read more


January 21, 2019 – Dr. Fernanda Mercadé, M., MD – Internist in Miami Springs, FL (33166). Book an appointment online now with Dr. Fernanda Mercadé, M., MD.
Find and research local Dermatologists in Miami Springs, FL including ratings, contact information, and more.
Dr. Roselyn Bonilla, MD is an obstetrics & gynecology specialist in Miami Springs, FL and has been practicing for 24 years. She graduated from Mount Sinai School Of Medicine Of New York University in 1995 and specializes in obstetrics & gynecology.
Plastic Surgery Clinic North Port, Fl Sarasota Memorial Health Care System is an 819-bed community-owned & operated system that has been serving the region since 1925.


text:
Strange Space Weather over Africa
Dr. Tony Phillips
Something strange is happening in the atmosphere above Africa and researchers have converged on Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to discuss the phenomenon. The Africa Space Weather Workshop kicked off Nov. 12th with nearly 100 scientists and students in attendance.
Cyclone Sidr: It Gets Worse
thedailygreen
Cyclone Sidr, currently in the Bay of Bengal and headed towards India or Bangladesh, recently became the 15th Category 4 or 5 storm of 2007, with sustained winds estimated at 115 knots or more than 130 miles per hour. Now, it's all a matter of where and when.
©Naval Research Laboratory
Seismic activity rock Sulu area in West New Britain
thenational.com
There has been increased seismic activity, confirmed as volcanic tremors, in the Sulu area in West New Britain province but authorities said there were no threats that Mt Pago volcano might erupt soon.
The provincial disaster office said the resurgence of the seismic activity was felt at 10pm last Monday night in the Sulu/Silanga area. Acting disaster director Peter Morlin said the Rabaul Volcano Observatory had already been informed and disaster officers in Kimbe were observing the activities.
He said earth tremor data coming from Mt Pago stations were indicating a build-up of seismic activity again.
NASA Sees Arctic Ocean Circulation Do an About-Face
A team of NASA and university scientists has detected an ongoing reversal in Arctic Ocean circulation triggered by atmospheric circulation changes that vary on decade-long time scales. The results suggest not all the large changes seen in Arctic climate in recent years are a result of long-term trends associated with global warming.
©NASA
This shows contours of the trend in ocean bottom pressure from 2002 to 2006 as measured by GRACE along with hypothetical trends that would apply at the circles if ocean salinity reverted from 1990s values to climatological conditions over the same period.
The team, led by James Morison of the University of Washington's Polar Science Center Applied Physics Laboratory, Seattle, used data from an Earth-observing satellite and from deep-sea pressure gauges to monitor Arctic Ocean circulation from 2002 to 2006. They measured changes in the weight of columns of Arctic Ocean water, from the surface to the ocean bottom. That weight is influenced by factors such as the height of the ocean's surface, and its salinity. A saltier ocean is heavier and circulates differently than one with less salt.
World's Smallest Bear Faces Extinction
Eliane Engler
GENEVA - The world's smallest bear species faces extinction because of deforestation and poaching in its Southeast Asian home, a conservation group said Monday.
©AP Photo/Richard Vogel, File
A 9-month-old baby Asian sun bear reaches out through his cage at his new home at the Wildlife Division of the Thai Forestry Department in Banglamung.
China Pandas Forced to Migrate for Food
Henry Sanderson
BEIJING - Giant pandas are being forced to move from a remote mountainous area in southwestern China due to food shortages as their staple bamboo withers, an animal expert said Monday.
Typhoon Peipah kills at least 28 in Vietnam
At least 28 people have been killed in Vietnam by Typhoon Peipah, which continues to wreak havoc on already flooded areas of central Vietnam, a disaster official said on Tuesday.
Seven provinces are affected by the latest flooding, the fifth since August, with 61,000 houses underwater and hundreds of thousands of people evacuated. Water levels in rivers across the region continue to rise to record levels.
Black, Azov Sea oil spill contamination to last six months
Experts said it will take six months for oil products spilled into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov at the weekend to dissolve or be washed ashore.
About 2,000 metric tons of oil, and almost 7,000 tons of sulfur in containers, were spilt into the sea amid a powerful storm on Sunday that killed at least six sailors, sank four ships and split open an oil tanker.
"Most of the fuel oil will settle on the bottom and will be thrown ashore gradually," said Vitaly Spiridonov of World Wildlife Fund Russia, adding that the seabed's fauna and flora would suffer the most.
Chile's San Rafael glacier fast disappearing
Chunks of glacial ice tinkled in whisky glasses as chilled tourists gazed in wonder from their boat at the massive San Rafael glacier and the markers tallying its losing battle against global warming.
"How can we stop this," asked German visitor Herman Kirst, 70, reflecting on the 100 meters (yards) that the glacier has shrunk this year, and every year since Captain Luis Kochifas began ferrying tourists to this spot in 1978.
©AFP
Graphic showing Chile's 30,000-year-old San Rafael glacier, which has receded 12 kilometres since 1871.
High winds in southern British Columbia down power lines, strand travellers
Jeff Lee
CanWest News Service
High winds battered much of southern British Columbia Monday, leaving more than 200,000 people without power and stranded thousands more as almost every form of air and water transportation was affected.
Environment Canada estimated winds would reach 90 kilometres per hour, disrupting travel by ferries, float planes and even small regional commuter aircraft between the Lower Mainland and much of Vancouver Island.
©CBC News
Wind and waves washed through the Tsawwassen Ferry terminal Monday morning as a major storm shut down ferry service on several routes.


My son has been sick all day after eating there last night. The waitress was so nice to ask us if we wanted coffee, then never returned. The food was greasy and full of fat. I don't know why we ate there. And the prices went up. Not worth it.


text:
SLO City Firefighters ask for community's help after reported threats, vandalism
SAN LUIS OBISPO — The San Luis Obispo City Fire Department is asking for the community's help in keeping their staff safe.
In a Facebook post Saturday, the fire department says: "There has been vandalism to fire stations and threats towards your firefighters in the past week."
The San Luis Obispo Police Department says two fire stations have been vandalized, with someone throwing a "hard object" through a window at one station and a broken window at another station.
These events are still under investigation however, they do not have reports of threats towards the firefighters themselves, Sgt. Jeff Booth of the San Luis Obispo Police Department said.
This is a developing story. Check back later for more details.


Als Sales Binnendienst / Inside Sales wordt u betrokken bij de verscheidene taken van het rekruteringsgebeuren: Deelnemen aan en uitwerken van verschillende Bedrijfsprojecten binnen het departement. Beheren en aanvullen van interne processen.
Who is Qiwie? Qiwie is an independent consultancy firm specialised in recruitment communications. Our young, dynamic team comprised of HR consultants, recruitment consultants, social media consultants and copywriters has more than 25 years of experience in recruitment communications. This experience supplies us with unique knowledge that we apply to our search for the right employee for your organisation.What does Qiwie do? Qiwie guides you through the maze of jobsites, social media, job magazines, regional and daily newspapers, professional publications, magazines and any other online or offline media you can think of. More and more people are looking for jobs via the internet. Online recruiting is becoming increasingly more important; therefore, it is essential to publish your job opportunity via the appropriate channels to attract the right candidates. Candidates have changed the way they look for job opportunities in newspapers and magazines, and Qiwie takes advantage of these changes. We create an effective campaign that brings your job opportunities and your employer brand name to the right candidates via the right channels. Furthermore, Qiwie takes a lot of work off your hands by designing, preparing and publishing your job posting, and by filtering the CVs received if desired.


When the rainwater hits the top of the umbrella, a special pattern appears, which is the magic of this umbrella. Available in many different colors, this umbrella is able to satisfy the style for anyone. Even in strong winds, the umbrella is able to keep its shape, as the ribs are made out of high quality iron, making it resistant to the wind. The handle is made with a strong, durable wood, so you won't lose your grip during storms!


text:
Online video viewing overtakes pay channels
Online television and video viewing had the highest share of television viewing in the United States in July, after four consecutive months of record online viewing. Online viewing has exceeded that of broadcast channels before, but it is the first time that it has also surpassed viewing of subscription television services, albeit by a margin of 0.4%. Combined viewing of broadcast and subscription television still exceeds all other forms of viewing on television.
Nielsen data show that viewers watched an average of 190.9 billion minutes of online video per week in July, exceeding the 169.9 billion minutes a week viewed during the pandemic lockdown period in April 2020. Other than the last week of 2021, July 2022 marks the highest volume of online video viewing so far.
Online video viewing on television grew by 3.2% from June, up 22.6% on the previous year. Streaming services represented 34.8% of all television viewing. Netflix alone accounted for 8% of television viewing across all individuals aged two or older, its highest share to date. Amazon accounted for 3.0% of viewing, its highest share so far, while YouTube rose from 6.9% of viewing in June to a record 7.3% in July.
Viewing of subscription television channels, which Nielsen refers to as cable, dropped 2% and was down 8.9% on the previous July, with viewing share down by 3.3% in a year at 34.4%.
Viewing of broadcast television channels fell to 21.6% of viewing, down 3.7% in volume and 0.8% in share on the previous month, and down 9.8% in volume and 2.3% in share compared to the same month the previous year.
Taken together, broadcast and subscription channels still accounted for 56% of all television viewing. With a further 3.9% of viewing on online multichannel services like Hulu Live and YouTube TV, that accounts for just under 60% of all television viewing.
The online share of television viewing has been growing steadily in the first half of 2022, from 28.7% in January to 34.8% in July.
Online viewing in July was boosted by a number of high-profile releases, while broadcast and subscription channels saw a reduction in live sports and new programming.
"The implication is clear," said Brian Fuhrer of Nielsen, "Americans have not only embraced streaming, they are expanding what they are consuming on it." With new sporting seasons beginning, he said: "The next two months are shaping up to be some of the most pivotal maybe in the history of the television industry."
www.nielsen.com
Record United States online video viewing
A quarter of American viewing is online
Nielsen aims to Gauge online viewing
United Kingdom broadcaster online viewing
Viewing up 30% over Easter