text:
homage to the cello
or those of you who read my previous post, "mayors and cellos," you may remember that I had a dream I went into a bakery and asked for a tart at the extreme right of the display case. I used the phrase "extrème droite," which, as in the States, refers to a political orientation. I had never used the phrase for any other purpose, and certainly not in ordering tarts!
A French friend wrote the following: She said she would not say, l'extrême droite, to locate the tart, but "I would like la tarte la plus à droite." (The tart the furthest to the right.) Happily, we can banish l'extrème droite from the bakery!
cello collage
THE CELLO
As I was organizing my papers to begin a part-time teaching position at a small liberal arts college, here in Rochester, I found the prettiest collages French students had made of instruments. Here's a photo of a cello collage on black paper. The accompanying words are, "I am a cello. I am like the Opera. Crying." And I knew that I wanted to write more about the cello and about Pir Vilayat, our neighbor in Suresnes, France, where we lived for many years.
PIR VILAYAT INAYAT KHAN
Pir Vilayat, (born in England in 1916 and died in Suresnes in 2004), was a renowned figure, an innovator in the field of Sufi meditation, who also played the cello. When I saw the word, "crying," associated with the cello in the collage, it seemed like such a poignant image, because I associate the word crying with him also, not that I ever saw him cry, but because he had a lifetime of grieving for his sister Noor, who died in a concentration camp, shot at Dachau. This grief was something he really never overcame.
Pir Vilayat immersed himself in his library on the third floor of his family home, where he wrote his many books on meditation. Their home was a beautiful manor built by a so called minor noble, who had his coat of arms inscribed in a stained -glass window downstairs in the drawing room. The home belonged to Fazil Mai Egling, who invited the Khan family to live there. Not only the house, but the roof had a lot of history: it was where Pir kept his falcon; it was where the Nazis had positioned their cannons. On the rare occasions when Pir could be enticed to leave his office, and descend the sweeping stairs to the drawing room, sometimes he would speak about Noor.
JOY AND SORROW
He said it was difficult for him to enjoy his food, since she had to subsist on potato peel soup. And it was difficult for him to enjoy walking because she had been chained. Of course, what she did was heroic, being a radio transmitter reporting from France to England on the whereabouts and plans of the collaboration government, also called the Vichy government, headquartered in Vichy, France. But her heroism didn't overcome his sorrow. Pir remembered a conversation he and Noor had had together about how to respond to Hitler's rise. They decided to fight: Pir in the British Navy and Noor in the Special Services Operation headquartered in London. That he survived and that she did not, was completely unacceptable to him. She died on September 13, 1944, sixty years before her brother. He always carried that sadness, but he also expressed a profound joy. In fact, Pir's father, Hazrat Inayat Khan who brought Indian Sufism to the west, once remarked that, "joy and sorrow are for each other;" in other words, intimately linked. And part of that joy certainly belonged to his playing the cello.
Pir Vilayat had two renowned teachers, Pablo Casals and Nadia Boulanger, among others. I don't know the extent of their relationships but Pir Vilayat spoke of them both with reverence and gratitude. And through his teachers, we come to understand a glimpse of what the cello must have meant to him.
Pablo Casals, born in Spain, (1876-1973) is one of the most widely respected cellists of all time. When he was thirteen (13!) in 1890 in a second-hand music shop in Barcelona, he found an amazing thing: Let Wikipedia reveal what he found: "a tattered copy of Bach's six cello suites. He spent the next 13 years practicing them every day before he would perform them in public for the first time.[9]Casals would later make his own version of the six suites."
Now, as my own students would say, "Wait, what?" These cello suites are believed to have been written between 1717 and 1723. And, somehow, they languished, virtually unknown, thought to be mere exercises, for hundreds of years? And one of the world's greatest cello players stumbled upon them? (You can't make this stuff up!) Pablo Casals was the first to record all six suites, in Paris, music for the cello which is thought to be some of the most profound music for the instrument.
I wish I had asked Pir Vilayat about this. But I really didn't know much about the cello until Pir played it for us. And other cellists, of course, have also recorded these. I have versions from Yo Yo Ma and Rostropovich and also Pablo Casals. Here is Pablo Casals. The clip begins in French, telling us about the small village of Prade in the Pyrenees, and pointing out Casals sheltering under his umbrella. Then we have the language of music where no translating is needed.
Coincidentally, Pir Vilayat had a home in the Pyrenees, and I wonder if he met Casals there. And also, coincidentally, something I just learned, after having titled this section "Joy and Sorrow," is that there's an autobiography written by Casals himself called, Joys and Sorrows: Reflections by Pablo Casals, which came out in 1970. Casals struggles were in part political with his beloved Spain besieged by Franco. Perhaps there was a resonance there between the two musicians.
Pir Vilayat was always eager to share the fact that he studied with Nadia Boulanger. I was happy for him that he so enjoyed his teacher. My piano teacher was named Sister Thomas Marie, and I wasn't all that enthusiastic, but I was happy for him. I never did admit that for one piano recital I sat down with my hands a couple of keys off from where they should have been. I played the entire piece like that. Ouch. The parents applauded, and Sister Thomas Marie just shook her head.
So, I thought recently, let me see what's what about Mme Boulanger. Well, it turns out that she was the first woman to conduct the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the first to conduct the NY Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall. I'm like, "Oh. Where have I been?" (And many of you, dear readers, are right there along with me.) Did I mention that she taught many of the leading musicians and composers of the twentieth century?
Born in Paris in 1887 and died in 1979, she was one of the most influential teachers of music in the twentieth century. She had an unusual life: her father, a brilliant musician, was 72 when she was born; she had a beloved younger (!) sister Lili who won the coveted Prix de Rome but died quite young, unlike Nadia's own long life. (Similar in a way to Pir Vilayat's experience.) She was renowned for teaching harmony and analysis.
Here is a composition of hers, for cello, the instrument played by her grandfather.
Three pieces for cello
Here is an actual lesson.
And here is a second lesson. This analysis is superb, and not for the faint of heart!
https://youtu.be/DfVn8Z97BcI
And thus concludes our homage to the cello on behalf of Pir Vilayat.
One of the things I so appreciate about the play is that it quietly invokes the pain of World War II. The word "godot" could well refer to military footwear, made by Alexis Godillot (1816-1893).
Good boots were a treasure to a soldier and the boots we have in the play do not fit well! Not to mention the absurdity of the war that the world had just been through. Joys and sorrows abound here too.
(When the actor Roger Blin asked Beckett what Godot represented, Beckett responded that the name came to him in association with slang words for shoes, for feet play a preponderant role in the play.)
« Quand Roger Blin lui demanda qui ou ce que Godot représentait, Beckett répondit que ce nom lui était venu par association avec les termes d'argot « godillot, godasse », les pieds jouant un rôle prépondérant dans la pièce1.
And just because Yo Yo Ma was born in Paris and we heard him there, and he happens to be playing the same suite as Casals, I thought you might enjoy listening to him. Any thoughts about how the two compare?


This pre-owned Leica iCON robot 50 Total Station is in great working condition. This unit was tested prior to being listed. What you see in the pictures is what you get. Please contact us if you have any further questions about this item.


Navy blue sweat shorts from Tommy Hilfiger Kids.
They have a red, white and blue logo print down one leg.
Navy blue sweat shorts from Tommy Hilfiger Kids. These long length shorts are made in cotton jersey and comfortable to wear. They have a red, white and blue logo print down one leg.
Pair with a Tommy Hilfiger T-shirt from Minimis.


U4 Drug Harris wanted to use on the Second Doctor and his companions to relieve the effect of tranquiliser darts (RR).
UK HABITAT Name of the subterranean civilization built in the London Underground to protect a group of humans from the fireball (in reality, the Time Lords were moving the Earth during the Ravolox Stratagem). The UK Habitat was taken over by Drathro to protect the secrets of the Andromedan Sleepers. It was sealed from contact with the outside. Water was rationed, and the population kept constant through the Cullings. However, Merdeen secretly enabled some intended victims to escape to the surface. The Sixth Doctor saved the UK Habitat from being destroyed by a black light explosion, accidentally triggered when Dibber blew up Drathro's Maglem converter. With Drathro's destruction, the UK Habitat's population was free to return to live on the surface (7A).
UK HABITATS OF THE CANADIAN GOOSE Pamphlet released by HM Stationery Office. One of the three Books of Knowledge which survived the fireball and were kept at the UK Habitat on Ravolox (7A).
ULF One of the Viking raiders defeated by Wulnoth's Saxons (S).
ULTIMA MACHINE Early computer designed in the 1940s by Dr. Judson to break German naval cyphers. Its precious "core" was booby-trapped by Commander Millington in a mad scheme to strike at the Russians. In spite of the Seventh Doctor's efforts, the Ultima Machine was eventually used to release the evil Fenric (7M).
ULTRA-SOUND The Second Doctor discovered that Victoria's screams were deadly to the parasitic Weed (RR). The Sonic Lance (q.v.) and Sonic Screwdriver (q.v.) also relied on ultra-sound. The Vanir controlled the Garm with an ultra-sonic box (6G). The Young Chimeron Princess defeated the Bannerman with her ultrasonic powers, amplified by Shangri-La's public address system (7F).
ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT The Fifth Doctor used UV light to kill the Myrka (6L).
UNBELIEVERS Citizens of Sarn who did not believe in the god Logar. They were usually sacrificed to the volcano (6Q).
UNDERCITY Location of the hideout of Mandrel's rebels, under Megropolis One on Pluto (4W).
UNDERSEA The Second Doctor met Atlantean survivors who had built an undersea civilization (GG). He also defeated a parasitic Weed which absorbed human brains and attacked a North Sea natural gas refinery and off-shore rigs (RR). The bottom of the sea was also home to the Sea Devils (LLL), who were used by the Master against the Third Doctor. They were defeated again by the Fifth Doctor when they attacked a human underwater base, Sea Base Four, in 2084 AD (6L). The Fourth Doctor discovered that the Zygons used their Skarasen to attack off-shore platforms in the North Sea (4F). The Rutans were blob-like creatures who could live under water (4V). The Haemovores found the plasma-like substances they needed in fresh sea water off Maiden's Point (7M).
UNDERWORLD Nickname for the underground world of matter that had accumulated over a hundred thousand years around the P7E. It was ruled by the Oracle, assisted by two Seers. The population was comprised of the Guards and the Trogs, all created from the Minyan Race Banks. The Underworld was eventually invaded by Jackson's crew who, with the help of the Fourth Doctor and Leela, managed to wrest the Race Banks away from the Oracle. The Underworld was destroyed in an explosion caused by two fission grenades disguised as the Race Banks, which the Oracle had intended to use to destroy Jackson's ship (4Y).
UNICORN Mythical animal encountered by the Second Doctor, Jamie and Zoe in the Land of Fiction (UU).
UNION OF TRAKEN See TRAKEN.
UNIT See UNITED NATIONS INTELLIGENCE TASKFORCE.
UNITED NATIONS INTELLIGENCE TASKFORCE Multi-national military force whose mission was to deal with alien or extraordinary Earth-based threats with the potential to endanger the whole planet. UNIT was headquartered in Geneva and placed under the sole command of the United Nations. In practice, however, it was subject to the supervision of various national ministers and local authorities.
The concept of a special force to deal with alien threats probably first arose in Britain after the secret Dalek attack of 1963 (7H), and was undoubtedly reinforced by WOTAN's failed attempt to take over London with its War Machines in 1966 (BB).
The Yeti invasion of 1969, thwarted by the Second Doctor and British Colonel Lethbridge-Stewart, was most likely the catalyst which resulted in the creation of UNIT. Now promoted to the rank of Brigadier, Lethbridge-Stewart was put in charge of UNIT's British branch. He was ably assisted by the competent Sergeant Benton and Captain Mike Yates.
UNIT was extremely active during the early 1970s. Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and his men fought the Cybermen alongside the Second Doctor when they threatened to invade Earth (VV). Soon afterwards, the Doctor was exiled to Earth by the Time Lords. Then in his third incarnation, he became UNIT's scientific advisor. With the help of his assistants, Liz Shaw, Jo Grant and, later, Sarah Jane Smith, the Third Doctor helped UNIT defeat the Autons (AAA, EEE), the Silurians (BBB), the so-called "Ambassadors of Death" (CCC), Prof. Stahlman's "Inferno" project (DDD), the Master (EEE, FFF, GGG, JJJ, LLL, OOO), Axos (GGG), Azal (JJJ), the Daleks (KKK), the Sea Devils (LLL), Kronos (OOO), Omega (RRR), BOSS (TTT), Linx (UUU), Sir Charles Grover's Operation Golden Age (WWW) and the Spiders of Metebelis 3 (ZZZ). In the last case, the Doctor regenerated under the Brigadier's very eyes, and Captain Mike Yates, who had betrayed UNIT during the invasion of the Dinosaurs (WWW), redeemed himself.
The Fourth Doctor, still assisted by Sarah Jane Smith, and joined by UNIT medical officer Surgeon-Lieutenant Harry Sullivan, then helped the Brigadier against Prof. Kettlewell's Giant Robot and the Scientific Reform Society (4A), and the Zygons (4F).
At about that time, UNIT's British HQ was moved to a priory which had been Egyptologist Marcus Scarman's residence in 1911 AD (4G). Soon afterwards, the Fourth Doctor, Sarah Jane Smith and Harry Sullivan returned to help UNIT Colonel Faraday defeat the Kraals' android invasion (4J). The Fourth Doctor and Sarah also helped Sir Colin Thackeray of the World Ecology Bureau and Major Beresford of UNIT destroy a Krynoid (4L).
In 1977, Lethbridge-Stewart retired from UNIT and took a job as a teacher at the Brendon School, leaving the British branch of UNIT in the capable hands of Colonel Crichton (6K). Benton, who had been promoted to the position of RSM, also left, eventually to take over a car dealership (6F). Later that year, Tegan and Nyssa, two of the Fifth Doctor's Companions, met the retired Brigadier at Brendon School and, together, they travelled forward to 1983 to fight Mawdryn. The Brigadier emerged from the encounter with his future self with selective amnesia (6F).
In 1983, the Fifth Doctor used his UNIT clearance to solve the mystery of the disappearance of a Concorde airplane at Gatwick Airport (6C). Later, the Fifth Doctor met the retired Brigadier (who had forgotten their previous encounter) to defeat Mawdryn (6F). The Brigadier recovered his memory and renewed his contacts with UNIT. But Borusa snatched him and the Second Doctor (who had transgressed the Laws of Time to visit his old friend) one day before a planned UNIT reunion. Together with various Companions (including Sarah Jane Smith and illusions in the form of Liz Shaw and Mike Yates), the Brigadier helped the Five Doctors defeat Borusa (6K). Soon after that, he married his old flame, Doris.
In 1992, the Seventh Doctor and Ace teamed up with Lethbridge-Stewart and met Brigadier Bambera of UNIT. Together, they fought the sorcery of Morgaine, Queen of an alternate Earth (7N).
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA During his first incarnation, the Doctor visited New York (R) and Hollywood (V), both very briefly, and, for a longer time, Tombstone, Arizona (Z). A Confederate Army was kidnapped by the War Lords (ZZ). Peri Brown (q.v.) was an American. The First Doctor met American General Cutler at the South Pole Space Tracking Station (DD). The Third Doctor met American security agent Bill Filer (GGG). The Seventh Doctor helped American security agents Hawk and Weismuller recover a lost satellite (7F). Lady Peinforte was given a ride by American tourist Lavinia P. Hackensack near Windsor (7K). The First Doctor met another American tourist, Morton Dill, at the top of the Empire State Building (R). He later met Hollywood producer Steinberger P. Green (V).
UNSTOFFE Garron's assistant. He stole the Graff Vynda-K's million opeks and the lump of jethrik. Thanks to Binro, he found refuge in the catacombs. He was wounded by the Graff's men, but left Ribos safely with Garron and the Graff's treasure (5A).
UPTON UNIT private. He died fighting the Silurians (BBB).
URAK Leader of the Tetraps serving the Rani on Lakertya. He was impressed by her genius and, after her defeat at the hands of the Seventh Doctor, he kidnapped her to take her back to Tetrapyriarbus to help his people (7D).
URANUS Taranium was found one one of the moons of Uranus (V).
URBANKA Planet located in the system of Inokshi in galaxy RE 1489. Its leader, Monarch, had exhausted all of its minerals, then polluted it with his technology until its ozone layer was utterly destroyed; it was all for his mad desire to travel faster than light and back through time to witness the creation of the Universe. (Monarch believed himself to be God.) (5W).
URBANKANS Reptilian aliens who resembled frogs. They secreted one of the deadliest toxins in the universe in a gland. After their leader, Monarch, had virtually destroyed their home world, the memories of all three billion Urbankans were stored on memory chips. Monarch planned to poison the population of Earth and replace it with the Urbankans, reincarnated in android form (unlike their original "flesh time"). The Urbankans had visited Earth before. When the Fifth Doctor met Monarch in 1981 AD, he claimed that it had taken him 2500 years to travel to Earth and back, and that he had doubled the speed of his ship from each previous visit. The approximate dates of the Urbankans' visits to Earth would then have been 34481 BC, 14481 BC, 4481 BC, 519 BC, and 1981 AD. However, historical information about the native Earthmen taken by the aliens contradicted the above dates. It was therefore likely that the real time it took for the Urbankans to reach Earth was only about 1250 years, and that their visits occurred in 3019 BC, 1769 BC, 519 BC, 731 AD and 1981 AD (5W).
URQUHART Captain of the Concorde flight which was taken to the Jurassic by the Master (6C).
USA See UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
USURIANS Alien race who looked like greenish seaweed with eyes, although they were able to assume and retain human form thanks to stratified particle radiation. The Usurians were greedy exploiters of other races. In the 52nd Century, they used the Company to move Mankind from a highly-polluted Earth to Mars, in exchange for their labour. Several centuries later, the Usurians moved men to Pluto, around which they had built six small artificial suns. There, men lived a heavily-taxed life until they were freed through the intervention of the Fourth Doctor and Leela. The Doctor exposed the Usurian Collector and created a deadly inflationary spiral to defeat him (4W).
USURIUS The Usurians' homeworld (4W).
UTOBI Amazon Indian tribe. Latoni had once been their chief (6A).
UTOPIAS Peace-loving races who had built, or tried to build, utopias included the Thals (B, SSS), the Sensorites (G), the Didoi (L), the Rills (T), the Dulcians (TT), the Gonds (WW), the people of Traken (5T), the Logopolitans (5V), the Kinda (5Y) and the Lakertyans (7D).
Utopias that failed included the world of Marinus (E), the French Revolution (H), the world of the Elders and the Savages (AA), Sir Charles Grover's Operation Golden Age (WWW) and Helen A's Terra Alpha (7L).
Apparent utopias which contained the proverbial snake in paradise included the human colony secretly controlled by the Macra (JJ), the pirate planet of Zanak (5B), the Union of Traken which was secretly destroyed from within by the Melkur (5T), Castrovalva, which was nothing more than a block transfer computation created by Adric (5Z) and Deva Loka, the planet of the Kinda, where the Mara lurked (5Y). Also see its opposite, DYSTOPIAS.
UVANOV Commander of the Sandminer. Because of the Fourth Doctor's intervention, he and his aide Toos were the only survivors of the attack of the robots of Death. He saved the Fourth Doctor's life by destroying SV7 (4R).


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Difference between revisions of "Risk: The Human Factor"
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*[http://www.morganstanley.com/views/gef/team/index.html Vincent Reinhart], Managing Director and Chief US Economist, Morgan Stanley
*[http://www.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/laibson/bio David Laibson], Robert I. Goldman Professor of Economics, Harvard University
*[http://www.ccnl.emory.edu/greg/ Gregory Berns], Distinguished Professor of Neuroeconomics and Director of the Center for Neuropolicy, and Professor of Economics, Emory University
*[https://mgmt.wharton.upenn.edu/profile/1390/ Phil Tetlock], Leonore Annenberg University Professor in Psychology and Management, University of Pennsylvania
Risk: The Human Factor
Business Network Navigation
Held at Morgan Stanley World Headquarters, 41st Floor, 1585 Broadway, New York, NY
Summary: The analysis of risk in the financial system often focuses, as it should, on properties and characteristics of the system that may lead to increased instability and, in extreme cases, risk of systemic failure and collapse. One such characteristic that receives less attention than it deserves is the human element in both the design and operation of financial markets and other components of the financial system. This topical meeting will examine the human factor in risk to the financial system, from the perspectives of behavioral economics, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience, and will integrate those perspectives with views from leading members of the financial community.
Edward Thorp, Hedge Fund Manager, Author, former Professor of Mathematics, Noted Blackjack Gambler.
Nicholas Barberis, Stephen and Camille Schramm Professor of Finance, Yale School of Management
Elke Weber, Jerome A. Chazen Professor of International Business; Professor of Psychology, The Earth Institute, Columbia University
Vincent Reinhart, Managing Director and Chief US Economist, Morgan Stanley
David Laibson, Robert I. Goldman Professor of Economics, Harvard University
Gregory Berns, Distinguished Professor of Neuroeconomics and Director of the Center for Neuropolicy, and Professor of Economics, Emory University
Phil Tetlock, Leonore Annenberg University Professor in Psychology and Management, University of Pennsylvania
Retrieved from "https://wiki.santafe.edu/index.php?title=Risk:_The_Human_Factor&oldid=47417"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The U.S. dollar is struggling to hold its ground on Tuesday as market participants increase their appetite for risk, but we may see the reserve currency bounce back over the next 24-hours of trading should the Federal Reserve continue to soften its dovish tone for monetary policy.
The greenback is coming under pressure ahead of the FOMC interest rate decision, with the Dow Jones-FXCM U.S. Dollar Index (Ticker: USDOLLAR)giving back the overnight advance to 9,947, but the rate decision on tap for tomorrow may prop up reserve currency as the committee moves away from its easing cycle. Although the FOMC is widely expected to maintain its current policy in April, the fresh batch of central bank rhetoric paired with the updated forecast for growth and inflation may reinforce our bullish call for the USD as Fed officials take note of the more robust recovery.
In turn, we may see the committee start to discuss a tentative exit strategy as fundamental outlook for the U.S. picks up, but Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke may keep the door open to expand policy further as the sovereign debt crisis continues to pose a threat to the world financial system. Nevertheless, as the Fed switches gears, the shift in the policy outlook should drive the greenback higher in 2012, and we should see the bullish formation on the USDOLLAR continue to take shape as it carves out a higher low around 9,900. As a result, we're still expecting to see another run at the 78.6% Fibonacci retracement around 10,118, and the fundamentals coming out of the world's largest economy should have a greater impact in driving price action as the Fed looks to conclude its zero interest rate policy.
The Euro advanced to 1.3190 amid the rise in risk-taking behavior, but the rebound is likely to be short-lived as heightening financing costs across the European periphery raises the threat for contagion. Indeed, the yield tied to Spain and Italy's debt continued to push higher as the governments tapped the bond market overnight, and the ongoing turmoil in the region continues to instill a weakened outlook for the EURUSD as European policy makers fail to restore investor confidence. As the governments operating under the single currency become increasingly reliant on monetary support, the European Central Bank may face increased pressure to expand monetary policy further, but the wait-and-see approach held by the Governing Council may dampen the appeal of the Euro as there appears to be a growing rift within the group. As the bearish formation in the EURUSD continues to pan out, we should see the pair track lower going in May, and the euro-dollar maintains at risk for a sharp selloff as price action approaches the apex of the descending triangle.
The British Pound extended the advance from earlier this month, with the GBPUSD rallying to a fresh yearly high of 1.6163, and the sterling may appreciate further over the next 24-hours of trading should the economic docket encourage an improved outlook for the U.K. As the advance 1Q GDP report is expected to show the economy returning to growth, a strong print could spark a run at the 23.6% Fib from the 2009 low to high around 1.6250, and the sterling looks poised to appreciate further in 2012 as the Bank of England looks to conclude its easing cycle. As the GBPUSD maintains the upward trending channel from earlier this year, we expect to see fresh highs going into May, but we will keep a close eye on the relative strength index approaches overbought territory. Nevertheless, we should see former resistance around 1.6000 act as new support as the upward trend in the GBPUSD gathers pace, and the sterling may outperform against its major counterparts throughout the remainder of the year as the shift in the policy outlook props up interest rate expectations.
First rise since August 2011.
Slowest pace of growth since 3Q 2009. Core CPI lowest since 1Q 2011.
Exports fell for second time in 2012.
Holds flat for second month.
Largest shortfall since November 2010.
Contracts for the first time since July.
Advances for the first time since April 2011.


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text:
namespace tgui
{
    class ComboBoxRenderer;

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// @brief Combo box widget
    ///
    /// Signals:
    ///     - ItemSelected (a new item was selected)
    ///         * Optional parameter sf::String: Name of the item (the text that is visible)
    ///         * Optional parameters sf::String and sf::String: Name and id of the item
    ///         * Uses Callback member 'text' and 'itemId'
    ///
    ///     - Inherited signals from Widget
    ///
    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    class TGUI_API ComboBox : public Widget
    {
    public:

        typedef std::shared_ptr<ComboBox> Ptr; ///< Shared widget pointer
        typedef std::shared_ptr<const ComboBox> ConstPtr; ///< Shared constant widget pointer

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Default constructor
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ComboBox();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Copy constructor
        ///
        /// @param copy  Instance to copy
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ComboBox(const ComboBox& copy);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Overload of assignment operator
        ///
        /// @param right  Instance to assign
        ///
        /// @return Reference to itself
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ComboBox& operator= (const ComboBox& right);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Create the combo box
        ///
        /// @param themeFileFilename  Filename of the theme file.
        /// @param section            The section in the theme file to read.
        ///
        /// @throw Exception when the theme file could not be opened.
        /// @throw Exception when the theme file did not contain the requested section with the needed information.
        /// @throw Exception when one of the images, described in the theme file, could not be loaded.
        ///
        /// When an empty string is passed as filename, the built-in white theme will be used.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        static ComboBox::Ptr create(const std::string& themeFileFilename = "", const std::string& section = "ComboBox");

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Makes a copy of another combo box
        ///
        /// @param comboBox  The other combo box
        ///
        /// @return The new combo box
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        static ComboBox::Ptr copy(ComboBox::ConstPtr comboBox);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the renderer, which gives access to functions that determine how the widget is displayed
        ///
        /// @return Reference to the renderer
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        std::shared_ptr<ComboBoxRenderer> getRenderer() const
        {
            return std::static_pointer_cast<ComboBoxRenderer>(m_renderer);
        }

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the position of the widget
        ///
        /// This function completely overwrites the previous position.
        /// See the move function to apply an offset based on the previous position instead.
        /// The default position of a transformable widget is (0, 0).
        ///
        /// @param position  New position
        ///
        /// @see move, getPosition
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void setPosition(const Layout2d& position) override;
        using Transformable::setPosition;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the size of the combo box.
        ///
        /// This size does not include the borders.
        ///
        /// @param size   The new size of the combo box
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setSize(const Layout2d& size) override;
        using Transformable::setSize;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the full size of the combo box.
        ///
        /// The size returned by this function includes the borders.
        ///
        /// @return The full size of the combo box
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual sf::Vector2f getFullSize() const override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the font of the text in the widget.
        ///
        /// @param font  The new font.
        ///
        /// When you don't call this function then the font from the parent widget will be used.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void setFont(const Font& font) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the number of items that are displayed in the list.
        ///
        /// @param nrOfItemsInListToDisplay  The maximum number of items to display when the list of items is shown.
        ///
        /// When there is no scrollbar then this is the maximum number of items.
        /// If there is one, then it will only become visible when there are more items than this number.
        ///
        /// When set to zero then all items are shown (then there will never be a scrollbar).
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setItemsToDisplay(std::size_t nrOfItemsInListToDisplay);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the number of items that are displayed in the list.
        ///
        /// @return The maximum number of items to display when the list of items is shown.
        ///
        /// When there is no scrollbar then this is the maximum number of items.
        /// If there is one, then it will only become visible when there are more items than this number.
        ///
        /// When set to zero then all items are shown (then there will never be a scrollbar).
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        std::size_t getItemsToDisplay() const
        {
            return m_nrOfItemsToDisplay;
        }

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Adds an item to the list, so that it can be selected later.
        ///
        /// @param itemName  The name of the item you want to add (this is the text that will be displayed inside the combo box)
        /// @param id        Optional unique id given to this item for the purpose to later identifying this item.
        ///
        /// @return
        ///         - true when the item when it was successfully added
        ///         - false when the combo box wasn't loaded correctly
        ///         - false when the list is full (you have set a maximum item limit and you are trying to add more items)
        ///         - false when there is no scrollbar and you try to have more items than the number of items to display
        ///
        /// @see setMaximumItems
        /// @see setItemsToDisplay
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool addItem(const sf::String& itemName, const sf::String& id = "");

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Selects an item from the list.
        ///
        /// When adding items to the combo box with the addItem function, none of them will be selected.
        /// If you don't want the combo box to stay empty until the user selects something, but you want a default item instead,
        /// then you can use this function to select an item.
        ///
        /// @param itemName  The item you want to select
        ///
        /// In case the names are not unique, the first item with that name will be selected.
        ///
        /// @return
        ///         - true on success
        ///         - false when none of the items matches the name
        ///
        /// @see setSelectedItemById
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool setSelectedItem(const sf::String& itemName);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Selects an item from the list.
        ///
        /// When adding items to the combo box with the addItem function, none of them will be selected.
        /// If you don't want the combo box to stay empty until the user selects something, but you want a default item instead,
        /// then you can use this function to select an item.
        ///
        /// @param id  Unique id passed to addItem
        ///
        /// In case the id would not be unique, the first item with that id will be selected.
        ///
        /// @return
        ///         - true on success
        ///         - false when none of the items has the given id
        ///
        /// @see setSelectedItem
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool setSelectedItemById(const sf::String& id);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Selects an item in the list.
        ///
        /// @param index  Index of the item in the list
        ///
        /// @return
        ///         - true on success
        ///         - false when the index was too high
        ///
        /// @see setSelectedItem
        /// @see setSelectedItemById
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool setSelectedItemByIndex(std::size_t index);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Deselects the selected item.
        ///
        /// The combo box will be empty after this function is called.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void deselectItem();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Removes the item from the list with the given name.
        ///
        /// @param itemName  The item to remove
        ///
        /// In case the names are not unique, only the first item with that name will be removed.
        ///
        /// @return
        ///        - true when the item was removed
        ///        - false when the name did not match any item
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool removeItem(const sf::String& itemName);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Removes the item that were added with the given id.
        ///
        /// @param id  Id that was given to the addItem function.
        ///
        /// In case the id is not unique, only the first item with that id will be removed.
        ///
        /// @return
        ///        - true when the item was removed
        ///        - false when there was no item with the given id
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool removeItemById(const sf::String& id);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Removes the item from the list.
        ///
        /// @param index  Index of the item in the list
        ///
        /// @return
        ///        - true when the item was removed
        ///        - false when the index was too high
        ///
        /// @see removeItem
        /// @see removeItemById
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool removeItemByIndex(std::size_t index);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Removes all items from the list.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void removeAllItems();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the item name of the item with the given id.
        ///
        /// @param id  The id of the item that was given to it when it was added
        ///
        /// In case the id is not unique, the first item with that id will be returned.
        ///
        /// @return The requested item, or an empty string when no item matches the id
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        sf::String getItemById(const sf::String& id) const
        {
            return m_listBox->getItemById(id);
        }

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the currently selected item.
        ///
        /// @return The selected item.
        ///         When no item was selected then this function will return an empty string.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        sf::String getSelectedItem() const
        {
            return m_listBox->getSelectedItem();
        }

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Get the id of the selected item.
        ///
        /// @return The id of the selected item, which was the optional id passed to the addItem function.
        ///         When no item was selected then this function returns 0.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        sf::String getSelectedItemId() const
        {
            return m_listBox->getSelectedItemId();
        }

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Get the index of the selected item.
        ///
        /// @return The index of the selected item, or -1 when no item was selected
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        int getSelectedItemIndex() const
        {
            return m_listBox->getSelectedItemIndex();
        }

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes an item with name originalValue to newValue.
        ///
        /// @param originalValue The name of the item which you want to change
        /// @param newValue      The new name for that item
        ///
        /// In case the names are not unique, only the first item with that name will be changed.
        ///
        /// @return
        ///        - true when the item was changed
        ///        - false when none of the items had the given name
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool changeItem(const sf::String& originalValue, const sf::String& newValue);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the name of an item with the given id to newValue.
        ///
        /// @param id       The unique id of the item which you want to change
        /// @param newValue The new name for that item
        ///
        /// In case the id is not unique, only the first item with that id will be changed.
        ///
        /// @return
        ///        - true when the item was changed
        ///        - false when none of the items had the given id
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool changeItemById(const sf::String& id, const sf::String& newValue);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the name of an item at the given index to newValue.
        ///
        /// @param index    The index of the item which you want to change
        /// @param newValue The new name for that item
        ///
        /// @return
        ///        - true when the item was changed
        ///        - false when the index was too high
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        bool changeItemByIndex(std::size_t index, const sf::String& newValue);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the amount of items in the combo box
        ///
        /// @return Number of items inside the combo box
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        std::size_t getItemCount()
        {
            return m_listBox->getItemCount();
        }

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Return a copy of the items in the combo box
        ///
        /// @return items
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        std::vector<sf::String> getItems();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Return a copy of the item ids in the combo box
        ///
        /// @return item ids
        ///
        /// Items that were not given an id simply have an empty string as id.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        const std::vector<sf::String>& getItemIds();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the scrollbar.
        ///
        /// @param scrollbar The new scrollbar to use
        ///
        /// Pass a nullptr to remove the scrollbar. Note that when removing the scrollbar while there are too many items
        /// to fit in the list then the excess items will be removed.
        ///
        /// The scrollbar should have no parent and you should not change it yourself.
        /// The function is meant to be used like this:
        /// @code
        /// comboBox->setScrollbar(theme->load("scrollbar"));
        /// @endcode
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setScrollbar(Scrollbar::Ptr scrollbar);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Access the scrollbar
        ///
        /// @return scrollbar that can be displayed next to the list
        ///
        /// You should not change the scrollbar yourself.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        Scrollbar::Ptr getScrollbar() const;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Change the internal list box
        ///
        /// @return listBox  The new list box used to display all the items
        ///
        /// The list box should have no parent and you should not longer change it after calling this function.
        /// The function is meant to be used like this:
        /// @code
        /// comboBox->setListBox(theme->load("ListBox"));
        /// @endcode
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setListBox(ListBox::Ptr listBox);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the internal list box
        ///
        /// @return The list box used to display all the items
        ///
        /// You should not change this list box yourself.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ListBox::Ptr getListBox() const;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the maximum items that the combo box can contain.
        ///
        /// @param maximumItems  The maximum items inside the combo box.
        ///                      When the maximum is set to 0 then the limit will be disabled.
        ///
        /// If no scrollbar was loaded then there is always a limitation because there will be a limited space for the items.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setMaximumItems(std::size_t maximumItems = 0);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the maximum items that the combo box can contain.
        ///
        /// @return The maximum items inside the list.
        ///         If the function returns 0 then there is no limit.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        std::size_t getMaximumItems() const;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the text size of the items
        ///
        /// @param textSize  The size size of the text
        ///
        /// By default (or when passing 0 to this function) the text will be auto-sized to nicely fit inside the combo box.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setTextSize(unsigned int textSize);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the text size of the items
        ///
        /// @return The text size
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        unsigned int getTextSize() const;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the opacity of the widget.
        ///
        /// @param opacity  The opacity of the widget. 0 means completely transparent, while 1 (default) means fully opaque.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void setOpacity(float opacity) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the distance between the position where the widget is drawn and where the widget is placed
        ///
        /// This is basically the width and height of the optional borders drawn around widgets.
        ///
        /// @return Offset of the widget
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual sf::Vector2f getWidgetOffset() const override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @internal
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual bool mouseOnWidget(float x, float y) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @internal
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void leftMousePressed(float x, float y) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @internal
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void leftMouseReleased(float x, float y) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @internal
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void mouseWheelMoved(int delta, int x, int y) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @internal
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void mouseNoLongerDown() override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    protected:

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Reload the widget
        ///
        /// @param primary    Primary parameter for the loader
        /// @param secondary  Secondary parameter for the loader
        /// @param force      Try to only change the looks of the widget and not alter the widget itself when false
        ///
        /// @throw Exception when the connected theme could not create the widget
        ///
        /// When primary is an empty string the built-in white theme will be used.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void reload(const std::string& primary = "", const std::string& secondary = "", bool force = false) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Makes a copy of the widget
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual Widget::Ptr clone() override
        {
            return std::make_shared<ComboBox>(*this);
        }

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Shows the list of items.
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void showListBox();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Hides the list of items.
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void hideListBox();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Initialize the internal list box
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void initListBox();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Called by the internal ListBox when a different item is selected.
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void newItemSelectedCallbackFunction();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Called by the internal ListBox when it gets unfocused.
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void listBoxUnfocusedCallbackFunction();

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Draws the widget on the render target.
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void draw(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    protected:

        // The number of items to display. If there is a scrollbar then you can scroll to see the other.
        // If there is no scrollbar then this will be the maximum amount of items.
        std::size_t m_nrOfItemsToDisplay = 0;

        // Internally a list box is used to store all items
        ListBox::Ptr m_listBox = std::make_shared<ListBox>();

        Label m_text;

        friend class ComboBoxRenderer;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    };

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    class TGUI_API ComboBoxRenderer : public WidgetRenderer, public WidgetBorders, public WidgetPadding
    {
    public:

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Constructor
        ///
        /// @param comboBox  The combo box that is connected to the renderer
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        ComboBoxRenderer(ComboBox* comboBox) : m_comboBox{comboBox} {}

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Change a property of the renderer
        ///
        /// @param property  The property that you would like to change
        /// @param value     The new serialized value that you like to assign to the property
        ///
        /// @throw Exception when deserialization fails or when the widget does not have this property.
        /// @throw Exception when loading scrollbar fails with the theme connected to the list box
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void setProperty(std::string property, const std::string& value) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Change a property of the renderer
        ///
        /// @param property  The property that you would like to change
        /// @param value     The new value that you like to assign to the property.
        ///                  The ObjectConverter is implicitly constructed from the possible value types.
        ///
        /// @throw Exception for unknown properties or when value was of a wrong type.
        /// @throw Exception when loading scrollbar fails with the theme connected to the list box
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void setProperty(std::string property, ObjectConverter&& value) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Retrieve the value of a certain property
        ///
        /// @param property  The property that you would like to retrieve
        ///
        /// @return The value inside a ObjectConverter object which you can extract with the correct get function or
        ///         an ObjectConverter object with type ObjectConverter::Type::None when the property did not exist.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual ObjectConverter getProperty(std::string property) const override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Get a map with all properties and their values
        ///
        /// @return Property-value pairs of the renderer
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual std::map<std::string, ObjectConverter> getPropertyValuePairs() const override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the background color that will be used inside the combo box.
        ///
        /// @param backgroundColor  The color of the background of the combo box
        ///
        /// This color will be ignored when a background image was set.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setBackgroundColor(const sf::Color& backgroundColor);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the background color of the arrow that will be used inside the combo box.
        ///
        /// @param color  The color of the arrow background of the combo box
        ///
        /// This will overwrite the color in both normal and hover states.
        ///
        /// This color will be ignored when a up and down image were loaded for the normal state.
        ///
        /// @see setArrowBackgroundColorNormal
        /// @see setArrowBackgroundColorHover
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowBackgroundColor(const sf::Color& color);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the background color of the arrow when the mouse is not on top of the combo box
        ///
        /// @param color  The color of the arrow background in normal state
        ///
        /// This color will be ignored when a up and down image were loaded for the normal state.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowBackgroundColorNormal(const sf::Color& color);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the background color of the arrow when the mouse is standing on top of the combo box
        ///
        /// @param color  The color of the arrow background in hover state
        ///
        /// This color will be ignored when a up and down image were loaded for the normal state.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowBackgroundColorHover(const sf::Color& color);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the color of the arrow that will be used inside the combo box.
        ///
        /// @param color  The color of the arrow of the combo box
        ///
        /// This will overwrite the color in both normal and hover states.
        ///
        /// This color will be ignored when a up and down image were loaded for the normal state.
        ///
        /// @see setArrowColorNormal
        /// @see setArrowColorHover
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowColor(const sf::Color& color);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the color of the arrow when the mouse is not on top of the combo box
        ///
        /// @param color  The color of the arrow in normal state
        ///
        /// This color will be ignored when a up and down image were loaded for the normal state.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowColorNormal(const sf::Color& color);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the color of the arrow when the mouse is standing on top of the combo box
        ///
        /// @param color  The color of the arrow in hover state
        ///
        /// This color will be ignored when a up and down image were loaded for the normal state.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowColorHover(const sf::Color& color);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the text color that will be used inside the combo box.
        ///
        /// @param textColor  The color of the text
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setTextColor(const sf::Color& textColor);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Set the border color text that will be used inside the combo box.
        ///
        /// @param borderColor  The color of the borders
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setBorderColor(const sf::Color& borderColor);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the background image
        ///
        /// @param texture  New background texture
        ///
        /// When this image is set, the background color property will be ignored.
        /// Pass an empty string to unset the image, in this case the background color property will be used again.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setBackgroundTexture(const Texture& texture);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the arrow up image
        ///
        /// @param texture  New arrow up texture
        ///
        /// When this image and the down image are set, the arrow color properties will be ignored.
        /// Pass an empty string to unset the image.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowUpTexture(const Texture& texture);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the arrow down image
        ///
        /// @param texture  New arrow down texture
        ///
        /// When this image and the up image are set, the arrow color properties will be ignored.
        /// Pass an empty string to unset the image.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowDownTexture(const Texture& texture);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the arrow up image when the mouse is on top of the arrow
        ///
        /// @param texture  New arrow up hover texture
        ///
        /// Pass an empty string to unset the image.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowUpHoverTexture(const Texture& texture);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the arrow down image when the mouse is on top of the arrow
        ///
        /// @param texture  New arrow down hover texture
        ///
        /// Pass an empty string to unset the image.
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void setArrowDownHoverTexture(const Texture& texture);

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the size of the borders.
        ///
        /// @param borders  The size of the borders
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void setBorders(const Borders& borders) override;
        using WidgetBorders::setBorders;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Changes the padding of the list box.
        ///
        /// This padding will be scaled together with the background image.
        /// If there is no background image, or when 9-slice scaling is used, the padding will be exactly what you pass here.
        ///
        /// @param padding  The padding width and height
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual void setPadding(const Padding& padding) override;
        using WidgetPadding::setPadding;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        /// @brief Returns the renderer of the list box
        ///
        /// @return The list box used to display all the items
        ///
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        std::shared_ptr<ListBoxRenderer> getListBox() const;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Draws the widget on the render target.
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        void draw(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    private:

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Returns the padding, which is possibly scaled with the background image.
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        Padding getScaledPadding() const;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        // Makes a copy of the renderer
        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        virtual std::shared_ptr<WidgetRenderer> clone(Widget* widget) override;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

        ComboBoxRenderer(const ComboBoxRenderer&) = default;
        ComboBoxRenderer& operator=(const ComboBoxRenderer&) = delete;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    protected:

        ComboBox* m_comboBox;

        Texture   m_backgroundTexture;

        Texture   m_textureArrowUpNormal;
        Texture   m_textureArrowUpHover;
        Texture   m_textureArrowDownNormal;
        Texture   m_textureArrowDownHover;

        sf::Color m_textColor;
        sf::Color m_arrowBackgroundColorNormal;
        sf::Color m_arrowBackgroundColorHover;
        sf::Color m_arrowColorNormal;
        sf::Color m_arrowColorHover;

        friend class ComboBox;

        /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    };

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#endif // TGUI_COMBO_BOX_HPP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
rss: false
layout: article
title: "Speed Up JavaScript Execution"
seotitle: "Speed Up JavaScript Execution Using DevTools Profiles Panel"
description: "TBD description."
introduction: "TBD introduction."
article:
  written_on: 2015-04-14
  updated_on: 2015-06-09
  order: 2
authors:
  - megginkearney
priority: 0
collection: rendering-tools
key-takeaways:
  tldr-tbd:
    - TBD tldr.
remember:
  note-tbd:
    - TBD note.
---
{% wrap content %}

TBD. Profiling JavaScript performance doc: https://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/cpu-profiling

TBD. Includes Profiling JavaScript execution:

** General execution profiles panel
** Execution profilne over time using timelines and flame chart

TBD. Measuring how long something takes using console.time()

TBD. Profiling CPU using CPU profiler. CPU profiler shows where execution time is spent in your page's JavaScript Controlling the CPU profiler section currently in Debugging Your JavaScrip: https://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/console#controlling-the-cpu-profiler

TBD. Hidden classes

TBD. Demo: https://developer.chrome.com/devtools/docs/demos/memory/example5

TBD. Info: https://developers.google.com/v8/design

Question: Is there anything developer needs to do to use hidden classes or is it entirely up to the compiler to automatically do this? I know V8 does this, but I'm wondering if there's anything developer can do to optimize for v8?

{% include modules/takeaway.liquid list=page.key-takeaways.tldr-tbd %}

### TBD

TBD.

{% include modules/remember.liquid title="Remember" list=page.remember.note-tbd %}

{% include modules/nextarticle.liquid %}

{% endwrap %}


Since NutriAdmin is sending the email, the email has to always originate from "no-reply@nutriadmin.com", NutriAdmin cannot directly send the email from your own address since it does not have access to your email account. It is possible however to change the name your client sees for this "from" field in the email.
Below are a couple of screenshots showing how this would look like on Apple Mail from the client's perspective. Other mail providers will look similar.
Step 1: Click on Settings on the left-side menu.
Step 2: Click on the Branding tab.
Step 3: Scroll down in the page and select use my own name or use "NutriAdmin no-reply".
There are advantages and disadvantages of choosing either name. If you use your own name, clients will have an easier time identifying your name and messages in their inbox.
On the other hand, if a client may mistakenly reply to nutriadmin insted of to you. Since a client will see your name, no-reply@nutriadmin.com, they may assume that your email is "no-reply@nutriadmin.com" and send a message there.
In any case, when a client hits the reply button in an email, replies will always go to you. Errors can only happen when the client manually types the email address.
Finally, no-reply@nutriadmin.com is an email account only used to send automated emails. This email address is not monitored, and any incoming emails are deleted, along with any potential attachments. When someone emails no-reply@nutriadmin.com they will receive an automatic response saying that they have reached the wrong inbox.
Taking the above into consideration you can choose wheter you prefer to use your own name or NutriAdmin no-reply.


Part of the ongoing program to preserve the country lane character of Bickleigh Vale Road and Edna Walling Lane as originally envisaged by Edna Walling is the renewal of senescent trees and shrubs as they die and are removed. Replacements do not necessarily have to be with the same species; the aim should always be to retain Edna Walling's vision for a country lane.
With this in mind, and supported by Yarra Ranges Council who provided the trees, three replacements of large trees which had been removed in recent years were planted during the working bee.
A busy community at work! Replenishing the community mulch heap, weeding and pruning, cleaning leaves and debris from the roadside gutters, clearing the culverts (particularly that troublesome one outside Downderry) and filling in potholes.
Road maintenance problem and solutions!
He advised he'd visited the road during heavy rain last Monday and found that, for the most part, the drainage works implemented 4 years ago and the recent topping and grading maintenance was working well.
He noted that the regular work done each quarter by residents to keep the culverts unblocked and the potholes filled between Council maintenance runs significantly contributed to the high standard of the road compared to other similar roads in Yarra Ranges.
Bickleigh Vale Rd is graded in March, July and December subject to suitable weather and site conditions.
They do stretch it out a bit from July until early December so that they can apply the Dust Suppressant in early December as part of the road grading.
They start the Dust Suppressant Program in December and Bickleigh Vale is one of the roads that is treated early. For example it was done on the 2 December last year.
There was some discussion about the replacement Coldstream toppings.
Coldstream quarries are working on the blend of rock used to improve its ability to bind like Lilydale topping does. They recognize the enormous economic benefit of creating a material that is an effective replacement for Lilydale toppings. As a result, its possible our road surface will become more like it is now in future maintenance cycles.
The depth of topping laid at each maintenance activity is to be such that it can be graded to slope towards the creek on one side and the culvert on the other such that rainwater runs off and doesn't pool on the surface.
The toppings are to be graded each time as above.
When toppings are replaced, they are only replaced for a small part of Edna Walling Lane from Bickleigh Vale Road to the end of the triangle.
This appears to be a result of laying insufficient toppings so that when the grading was done correctly such that the fall is to the outside of the bend, the low side was too low – hence forming a trench.
Ian will also re-iterate the need to ensure that the inside of the Bickleigh Vale Road right-angle bend must always be graded higher than the rest so that all the rainwater runs off to the outside of the bend.
This may not be able to be done during the next event due to the limited availability of the last load of Lilydale toppings but it will be from then on.


text:
Boston City FC will Play Home Games at Della Russo Stadium
by Journal Staff • April 27, 2019 • 0 Comments
Revere soccer fans have a new team to call its own.
The Boston City FC, a team made up of current Division 1 college soccer players and other elite players, will play its first home game versus Hartford FC on Saturday, May 4 at Harry Della Russo Stadium on Park Avenue.
Boston City has played its last three seasons at Malden Catholic High School. The team played one game at Della Russo Stadium during the 2017 season.
Michael Preston, communications director for the amateur team, said the organization developed a good working relationship with Mayor Brian Arrigo in its first three seasons.
"We used to train in the preseason on Revere Beach," said Preston. "We've considered moving the team to Revere in the past and after discussions with the city, we decided to do that. Boston FC is now officially a Revere-based club."
Preston also praised the stadium, calling it one of the premier soccer venues in the region.
"It's a great facility," said Preston, adding that the team will also practice four nights a week in Revere.
The stadium was built after the city secured a $2.72 million grant from the Gateway Parks program in 2014 under the leadership of then-Mayor Dan Rizzo.
"In 2011, prior to the 2012 election, I pledged to Revere Pop Warner, Revere High Head Football Coach Lou Cicatelli and his staff, along with others that if elected, I would make this long-overdue stadium facility a reality – and we fulfilled our promise," said Rizzo.
"To know that teams, players, coaches, and fans from outside Revere recognize this amazing asset as an outstanding facility only further accentuates its value to our own kids, parents, and residents across this community. It was always meant to be something that we all could be proud of, and I believe it has become that."
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