text:
import BaseTools as bt
from  Basedata import Basedata
import tushare as ts
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
import os
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import traceback
import time

os.environ['NLS_LANG'] = 'SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.UTF8'

'''
基础数据接口---Mysql数据

'''

class MysqlBasedata(Basedata):
    '''
        通过时间段行情数据接口
        frequency:D=日k线 W=周 M=月 5=5分钟 15=15分钟 30=30分钟 60=60分钟,默认为D
        fq:N、没有复权 B、后复权 F、前复权
    '''
    def get_history_data_by_date(self, code, start_date_str, end_date_str, frequency, fq):
        # todo 待完成
        pass

    '''
        通过股票列表查询行情数据接口
    '''
    def get_history_data_by_stocklist(self, trade_date_str, codelist, frequency, fq):
        # todo 待完成
        sql = "SELECT STOCKCODE, FACTOR_VALUE from ST_FACTOR_VALUE where FACTOR_ID=6 and FACTOR_DATE = str_to_date('"+trade_date_str+"', '%Y-%m-%d')"

        conn = bt.getConnection()
        df = pd.read_sql(sql, conn)
        dfNew = df.set_index('STOCKCODE')
        if codelist != None:
            dfNew = dfNew[dfNew.index.isin(codelist)]
        dfNew['FACTOR_VALUE'] = dfNew['FACTOR_VALUE'].map(lambda x:float(x))
        return dfNew

    '''
        通过时间段指数行情数据接口
    '''
    def get_history_index_data_by_date(self, code, start_date_str, end_date_str, frequency):
        if code == None or start_date_str == None or end_date_str == None:
            print 'param error'
            return None
        conn = bt.getConnection()
        sql = "SELECT tradedate, CLOSEPRICE current_price from ST_INDEXTRADE_DATA where INDEXCODE = '"+code+"' and TRADEDATE>=DATE_FORMAT('"+start_date_str+"', '%Y-%m-%d') and TRADEDATE<=DATE_FORMAT('"+end_date_str+"', '%Y-%m-%d') ORDER BY TRADEDATE DESC"
        df = pd.read_sql(sql, conn)
        df['tradedate'] = df['tradedate'].map(lambda x: x.date())

        return df

    '''
        通过指数代码列表查询指数行情数据接口

    '''
    def get_history_index_data_by_stocklist(self, trade_date_str, codelist, frequency):
        # todo 待完成
        pass

    '''
        通过股票列表查询因子值数据

        roe,净资产收益率(%)
    '''
    def get_factor_data_by_stocklist(self, trade_date_str, codelist, factorenname, tracetype):
        # todo 待完成
        pass
        conn = bt.getConnection()
        factorIdSql = "select factor_id from ST_FACTOR where factor_enname = '"+factorenname+"'"
        factorIdDf = pd.read_sql(factorIdSql, conn)

        factorIdList = factorIdDf.factor_id.tolist()
        # print factorIdDf
        factorIdStr = ''
        for index in range(len(factorIdList)):
            id = factorIdList[index]
            factorIdStr += str(id)
            if index != len(factorIdList)-1:
                factorIdStr += ','

        # factorSql = "select * from st_factor where factor_id in ("+factorIdStr+") and "
        factorSql = "SELECT FACTOR_ID, STOCKCODE, FACTOR_DATE, FACTOR_VALUE, REPORT_DATE from ST_FACTOR_VALUE where " \
                    "factor_date>=str_to_date('"+trade_date_str+"', '%Y-%m-%d') \
                    and FACTOR_ID = "

        stockSql = ""
        stockDf = ___getStockDF___(conn)
        if codelist and len(codelist) > 0:
            # 获取股票代码Sql
            stockDf = stockDf[stockDf.STOCKCODE.isin(codelist)]
            if len(codelist) < 50:
                stockSql = ___getSecuritySql___(codelist)
        #print stockDf
        #print stockSql
        factorSql += stockSql
        factorDf = pd.read_sql(factorSql, conn)
        #print factorDf

    '''
        通过时间段因子值接口
    '''
    def get_factor_data_by_date(self, code, start_date_str, end_date_str, factorenname, tracetype):
        # todo 待完成
        pass

        #
        factorSql = "SELECT FACTOR_ID, STOCKCODE, FACTOR_DATE, FACTOR_VALUE, REPORT_DATE from ST_FACTOR_VALUE where " \
                    "factor_date>=str_to_date('2017-5-04', '%Y-%m-%d') and factor_date<=str_to_date('2017-8-04', '%Y-%m-%d') \
                    and FACTOR_ID in (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)"

    '''
        通过时间段因子值接口
        tracetype : 0、不追溯 -1、追溯到底 0~n之间、追溯n年
    '''
    def get_factor_data_by_datecode(self, codelist, start_date_str, end_date_str, factorenname, tracetype):
        start = time.time()

        startdate = None
        end_date = None
        start_date_str_new = None
        end_date_str_new = None

        factorDateSql = ""
        stockSql = ""
        factorId = ""
        conn = bt.getConnection()
        c = conn.cursor()
        factorIdSql = "select factor_id from ST_FACTOR where factor_enname = '" + factorenname + "'"
        c.execute(factorIdSql)
        factorIdResult = c.fetchone()
        factorId=factorIdResult[0]
        tradeDayDf = bt.getTradeDay(conn, start_date_str, end_date_str)
        # tradeDayDfNew = tradeDayDf.set_index('TRADEDATE')
        tradeDayDf['FACTOR_ID'] = factorId
        tradeDayDf['STOCKCODE'] = np.NaN
        tradeDayDf['FACTOR_VALUE'] = np.NaN

        # 获取股票代码Sql
        if codelist and len(codelist) > 0 and len(codelist) < 50:
            stockSql = ___getSecuritySql___(codelist)
        #print stockSql
        df = pd.DataFrame()

        if tracetype == 0: # 不追溯
            if start_date_str!=None and end_date_str!=None:
                start_date_str_new = start_date_str
                end_date_str_new = end_date_str
                factorDateSql = "factor_date>=str_to_date('"+start_date_str_new+"', '%Y-%m-%d') and factor_date<=str_to_date('"+end_date_str_new+"', '%Y-%m-%d')"

            factorSql = "SELECT FACTOR_ID, STOCKCODE, FACTOR_DATE, FACTOR_VALUE, REPORT_DATE from ST_FACTOR_VALUE where " \
                         + factorDateSql + " and FACTOR_ID = "+str(factorId) + stockSql
            factorDf = pd.read_sql(factorSql, conn)
        elif tracetype == -1: # 追溯到底
            if start_date_str!=None and end_date_str!=None:
                start_date_str_new = start_date_str
                end_date_str_new = end_date_str
                factorDateSql = "factor_date>=str_to_date('"+start_date_str_new+"', '%Y-%m-%d') and factor_date<=str_to_date('"+end_date_str_new+"', '%Y-%m-%d')"
            #
            factorSql = "SELECT FACTOR_ID, STOCKCODE, FACTOR_DATE, FACTOR_VALUE, REPORT_DATE from ST_FACTOR_VALUE where " \
                        + factorDateSql + " and FACTOR_ID = " + str(factorId) + stockSql
            factorSql = factorSql + " union all " + " SELECT FACTOR_ID, STOCKCODE, FACTOR_DATE, FACTOR_VALUE, REPORT_DATE from (SELECT FACTOR_ID, STOCKCODE, FACTOR_DATE, FACTOR_VALUE, REPORT_DATE from ST_FACTOR_VALUE where \
                        FACTOR_ID = " + str(factorId) + stockSql+" order by FACTOR_DATE desc) new group by STOCKCODE, FACTOR_DATE"
            #print factorSql
            factorDf = pd.read_sql(factorSql, conn)
        elif tracetype > 0: # 追溯某段时长
            if start_date_str!=None and end_date_str!=None:
                startdate = datetime.strptime(start_date_str, "%Y-%m-%d") + timedelta(days=-365*tracetype)
                start_date_str_new = startdate.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
                end_date_str_new = end_date_str
                factorDateSql = "factor_date>=str_to_date('"+start_date_str_new+"', '%Y-%m-%d') and factor_date<=str_to_date('"+end_date_str_new+"', '%Y-%m-%d')"
            factorSql = "SELECT FACTOR_ID, STOCKCODE, FACTOR_DATE, FACTOR_VALUE, REPORT_DATE from ST_FACTOR_VALUE where " \
                        + factorDateSql + " and FACTOR_ID = " + str(factorId) + stockSql
            factorDf = pd.read_sql(factorSql, conn)
        factorDf = factorDf.sort_values(by='FACTOR_DATE')
        factorDfGroup = factorDf.groupby('STOCKCODE')
        for (key, value) in factorDfGroup:
            # print key
            #print value
            tradeDayDfCopy = tradeDayDf.copy()
            tradeDayDfCopy['STOCKCODE'] = key
            # 排序
            # 按日期分别追溯查询因子值
            tradeDayDfCopy = tradeDayDfCopy.apply(___updateTradeDayDfRow___, args=(value, ), axis=1)

            if len(df) == 0:
                df = tradeDayDfCopy
            else:
                df = pd.concat([df, tradeDayDfCopy])
            #print df

        # 过滤获取股票
        if codelist and len(codelist) >= 50:
            df = df[df.STOCKCODE.isin(codelist)]
        finish = time.time()
        print (finish-start)
        return df

    '''
        通过行业名称查询股票代码数据
    '''
    def get_stock_data_by_industryname(self, trade_date, industryname):
        # todo 待完成
        pass

    '''
        通过概念名称查询股票代码数据
    '''

    def get_stock_data_by_conceptname(self, trade_date, conceptname):
        # todo 待完成
        pass

    '''
        通过地域名称查询股票代码数据
    '''

    def get_stock_data_by_areaname(self, trade_date, areaname):
        # todo 待完成
        pass

    '''
        通过日期、类型查询权重股;如:创业板、沪深300、中小板等
        000016.SH:上证50   沪深300:000300.SH 创业板:399006.SZ 中证500:000905.SH
    '''

    def get_stocklist_by_type(self, trade_date, type):
        trade_date_str = datetime.strftime(trade_date, '%Y-%m-%d')
        # todo 待完成
        stockcodeSql = ""
        if type == '50':
            stockcodeSql = "select STOCKCODE from W_CONSTITUTE_50 where tradedate = str_to_date('"+trade_date_str+"', '%Y-%m-%d')"
        elif type == '300':
            stockcodeSql = "select STOCKCODE from W_CONSTITUTE_300 where tradedate = str_to_date('"+trade_date_str+"', '%Y-%m-%d')"
        elif type == '500':
            stockcodeSql = "select STOCKCODE from W_CONSTITUTE_500 where tradedate = str_to_date('"+trade_date_str+"', '%Y-%m-%d')"

        conn = bt.getConnection()
        df = pd.read_sql(stockcodeSql, conn)
        stockcodeList = df.STOCKCODE.tolist()
        return stockcodeList

'''
获取股票代码列表
'''
def ___getStockDF___(conn):
    # 股票代码
    stockSql = "select DISTINCT STOCKCODE from ST_FACTOR_VALUE where STOCKCODE LIKE '0%' \
               OR STOCKCODE LIKE '6%' OR STOCKCODE LIKE '3%'"

    df = pd.read_sql(stockSql, conn)
    return df

'''
获取股票代码拼接的Sql
'''
def ___getSecuritySql___(security) :
    stockSql = ''
    if security and len(security)>0:
        stockSql += " AND STOCKCODE IN("
        for i in range(len(security)):
            if security[i].startswith("A"):continue
            stockSql+="'"
            stockSql+=security[i]
            stockSql+="'"
            if i!=len(security)-1:
                stockSql += ","
        stockSql += ")"
    return stockSql

'''
通过Sql查询交易日

start_date---时间段-开始日期,如:'1990-1-1'
end_date----时间段-截至日期,如:'2016-1-1'

'''
def ___getTradeDay___(conn, start_date=None, end_date=None, type=1):
    tradedaySql = "select tradedate from SYS_TRADEDAY where type = "+str(type)
    if start_date:
        tradedaySql += " and tradedate>=to_date('" + start_date + "', 'yyyy-MM-dd')"
    if end_date:
        tradedaySql += " and tradedate<=to_date('" + end_date + "', 'yyyy-MM-dd')"
    else:
        tradedaySql += " and tradedate<=sysdate"

    tradedaySql += " order by tradedate desc"
    #print tradedaySql
    tradedayDf = pd.read_sql(tradedaySql, conn)
    return tradedayDf

def ___updateTradeDayDfRow___(row, df):
    d = row['tradedate']
    # print type(d)
    # print df.FACTOR_DATE.tolist()
    dNew = pd.to_datetime(d)
    # df['FACTOR_DATE'] = df['FACTOR_DATE'].map(lambda x: x.date())
    dfNew = df[df.FACTOR_DATE<=dNew]
    #print dfNew
    if len(dfNew)==0:
        return row
    dfNew = dfNew.tail(1)
    row['FACTOR_VALUE'] = dfNew.iloc[0, 3]
    # print dfNew
    # print row
    return row

t = MysqlBasedata()
# print t.get_factor_data_by_stocklist('2017-05-16', None, ['free_share_hold_num', 'trade_closeprice', 'trade_closeprice_after'], 0)
# print t.get_factor_data_by_stocklist('2017-05-16', ['000563.SZ', '002765.SZ', '002607.SZ'], ['free_share_hold_num', 'trade_closeprice', 'trade_closeprice_after'], 0)

# print t.get_factor_data_by_datecode(None, '2017-01-16', '2017-05-15', 'free_share_hold_num', 1)
# print t.get_factor_data_by_datecode(['000001.SZ', '000002.SZ', '000005.SZ', '000006.SZ', '000007.SZ', '000008.SZ'], '2017-01-16', '2017-05-15', 'grossprofitmargin', 1)
# print t.get_factor_data_by_datecode(None, '2017-05-10', '2017-05-10', 'trade_closeprice', -1)
# print t.get_factor_data_by_datecode(['000001.SZ', '000002.SZ', '000005.SZ', '000006.SZ', '000007.SZ', '000008.SZ'], '2017-01-16', '2017-05-15', 'free_share_hold_num', -1)
#print t.get_factor_data_by_datecode(['000001.SZ', '000002.SZ', '000005.SZ', '000006.SZ', '000007.SZ', '000008.SZ'], '2017-01-16', '2017-05-15', 'free_share_hold_num', -1)
#print t.get_history_index_data_by_date('000016.SH', '2015-05-10', '2017-05-10', None)


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text:
Published by Member Matthew Richardson on 13 Jan 2022
Leading estate agent warns of nightmare stories from sellers who list homes through online retailers
Berkeley Shaw managing director John Baybut has warned of the nightmares faced when opting to use online estate agents.
The leading Merseyside estate agent explained that sellers have been forced to move from online retailers to the high street due to such poor service.
Berkeley Shaw have been operating within the region for over 30 years, with offices located in Crosby, Formby and Liverpool city centre.
The company also recently acquired Keppie Massie Residential to further expand their portfolio within the city.
Mr Baybut said: "Increasingly we are seeing disappointed sellers who are coming through our doors with nightmare stories of really poor service from online-only estate agents.
"Sellers are lured into the online-only estate agents by the low fees but what they get in return is a detached service from agents who are uncontactable when they are needed most.
"These horror stories are a recurring theme when it comes to selling most people's biggest asset, experienced staff and local knowledge are absolutely paramount to ensuring the best possible results.
"We have a track record of adding value and securing the highest price for our clients and we do so as a result of our knowledge and understanding of the area in which we operate."
The Financial Times reported that total properties sold in 2021 reached 1.5 million, more than in any year since 2007.
During this boom, the limitations of online estate agents are potentially highlighted by the fall in share value of the UK's biggest online agent Purple Bricks, which has fallen 93% since 2017.
During the same period, Berkeley Shaw has grown by 10 times revenue and opened 3 additional offices.
Berkeley Shaw recently completed a listing on Victoria Road, Formby, with a record 8 day turnaround from viewing to completion.
Mr Baybut added: "Our ability to complete sales in record time are down to a whole multitude of factors including our network of contacts in legal and surveying meaning we can make transactions in rapid time.
This was posted in Bdaily's Members' News section by Matthew Richardson .
#North West #Online #Property #Housing & Developments

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Šmarjeta je naselje u slovenskoj Općini Šmarješke Toplice. Šmarjeta se nalazi u pokrajini Dolenjskoj i statističkoj regiji Jugoistočnoj Sloveniji.

Stanovništvo
Prema popisu stanovništva iz 2002. godine naselje je imalo 288 stanovnika.

Izvor

Naselja u Općini Šmarješke Toplice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


9 out of 10 based on 367 ratings. 3,913 user reviews.
VIPER 5901 INSTALLATION MANUAL Pdf Download.
Responder LC Model 5901 Security and Remote Start Installation Guide This product is intended for installation by a professional installer only!
Nov 18, 2009A Step-by-Step Viper 5901 Remote Starter & Alarm Installation Guide (Now with Pics!) Initial disclaimer: I am not a master installer, but a mere plebe looking to save money. While I've installed car audio components in the past, I had zero knowledge of remote starter systems before attempting this install.


The Association of Equipment Manufacturers' (AEM) has released its 2018 U.S. Ag Tractor and Combine Report with all machine categories recording year-to-date growth for 2018.
December year-to-date sales of self-propelled combines showed 18.2 percent growth, while year-to-date sales of four-wheel-drive tractors increased 12.9 percent. Overall U.S. sales of two-wheel-drive tractors grew 6.8 percent; under-40 hp tractors gained 9.2 percent; tractors from 40 to 100 hp increased 1.5 percent; and 100+ hp tractors grew 5.5 percent.
The year also finished on a mostly strong note as U.S. sales of self-propelled combines gained 29.7 percent month-over-month vs. December 2017, though U.S. sales of four-wheel-drive tractors declined 9.2 percent month-over-month.
Total U.S. sales of two-wheel-drive tractors grew 5.7 percent month-over-month compared to last year: under-40 hp tractors posted a 7 percent gain, with 40 to 100 hp tractors coming in at a 3.6 percent increase; and 100+ hp tractors showing a 5.9 percent gain.
"2018 was a solid year for equipment sales despite a weak overall farm economy and lingering trade issues. As we look at 2019, we're still seeing a lot of uncertainty related to the Administration's efforts to reset global trade parameters. We're also watching some uncertainty with stock market ups and downs which could indicate a potential slowing economy. As a whole, we remain optimistic that the replacement market for large equipment will continue through 2019, and that the small tractor market will continue to be a bright spot on overall sales numbers," said Curt Blades, AEM senior vice president, Agriculture for AEM.
The full report can be found in the Market Data section of the AEM website under Ag Tractor and Combine Reports: https://www.aem.org/AEM/media/docs/Statistics/18-12-USAG.pdf.


text:
In the thick of a career-defining case, Roz is under intense pressure to prove herself to her superiors. But when she faces conflict with a colleague, it's not long before AC-12 decide to probe her handling of the investigation.
Publisher: Silver Spring, MD :, Acorn,, [2017]
Branch Call Number: DVD TV LIN Seas. 4
Characteristics: 2 videodiscs (366 minutes) : sound, colour ; 4 3/4 inches
digital,optical,surround,Dolby Digital 5.1,rda
video file,DVD video,region 1,rda
Additional Contributors: Compston, Martin - Actor
Ingleby, Lee - Actor
McClure, Vicky 1983-- Actor
Newton, Thandie 1972-- Actor
Acorn Media (Firm)
RLJ Entertainment - Distributor
Alternative Title: Line of duty. Season 4
Line of duty. Season four
Line of duty. Series four
Read more reviews of Line of Duty at iDreamBooks.com
dsw3914 Nov 06, 2018
This is really a good series. I can't say that season 4 is better than 1,2, or 3 because frankly I don't remember the details of those seasons. I do remember that they were good and that I was looking forward to series 4. I look forward to a series 5 and hopefully more after that. While this story ended, it was left to where more series can be made if they decide to go further. Some other notes: 1.Thandie Newton did such a great job being unlikable in her role that I am not sure I will ever like her in future roles; 2. It was interesting to see how Lee Ingleby has matured since his George Gently days; 3. While I completely understand this is fiction, it was nice to see unethical and crooked cops get theirs. This does not happen often enough in real life. Reference the overturned convictions based on fabricated evidence or never-disclosed evidence that would have worked in the defenses favor and in which rarely is anyone ever held accountable for the years an innocent person spent in prison. And I say again, yes, I know this is fiction.
I also advise that if you have not seen series 1-3 that you watch those before watching this one. It will be worth your time.
sjhy Jun 05, 2018
The best in the series so far. I did not twig who the bad guy was until the very end. Very compelling, acting is superb & very matter of fact, not like US crime shows, no grandstanding. if you enjoy crime stories u will like this series.
vi2856 Apr 20, 2018
Excellent, very entertaining, kept me engrossed all the way through.
ownedbydoxies Feb 28, 2018
Wow.... this is probably the best of the series, thus far, complete with cliff-hangers that leave both of us saying 'what the ....?' Excellent work by writers, plotters, actors, etc.
uncommonreader Feb 23, 2018
Each season of this excellent series seems to be the best.
BeausPerson Dec 25, 2017
Excellent Performances and great plot in this series.
firefly5 Nov 24, 2017
Excellent series. AC-12 (anticorruption) investigates the police, the police investigate crimes and one never knows who is bent and who is not. Keeps you on the edge of your seat!
CaptainHecto Oct 07, 2017
Since its inception five years ago, this BBC series has consistently proved to be the best police procedural around. All of the principals do good work, but Thandie Newton dominates season 4 just as Keeley Hawes did in season 2. But the biggest stars are Jed Mercurio's complex and intelligent screenplays. As in the previous series, the outstanding moments here are the face-to-face interviews at AC-12's headquarters, which are riveting intellectual duels with twists and turns that leave you breathless. Full marks. (By the way, the OPL's subject headings are a bit off: although the location is not explicitly mentioned in the episodes, it is certainly not London. Rather, it's supposed to be a 'generic' Midlands city, probably Birmingham, though the credits suggest it was actually shot in Northern Ireland.)
Police Corruption — England — London — Fiction
Police Internal Investigation — England — London — Fiction
Police — England — London — Fiction
Television Crime Shows


text:
F1 teams receive payments from Liberty Media amid coronavirus crisis
Some Formula 1 teams have received payments in advance from the sport's commercial rights holder Liberty Media amid the ongoing coronavirus crisis.
There is ongoing concern from the teams over the impact the crisis could have on the sport's future, with teams in danger of falling off the grid as a consequence.
MORE: Coronavirus crisis exposing F1's unsustainable model - Williams
Most of the teams on the current grid rely on F1's income in order to be paid, however the opening nine races of the season have been called off.
As a means to protect their future, Liberty Media has sent advanced payments to certain teams.
Liberty Media president and CEO Greg Maffei told Autosport: "We have advanced money in advance of team payments for certain teams already. There are cases where we may do more of that; there are other things that we might do to bridge teams that might need help.
"We want to make sure that teams are solvent because they are part of what we need to race successfully in 2020, 2021, and beyond."
F1 is currently assessing when it can begin the 2020 season, with races behind closed doors looking increasingly likely.
Maffei said that it is difficult to find a way to please fans by getting racing underway as soon as possible, while also ensuring that no teams fall of the grid due to limited income.
"If you run races with no live audience, we'll obviously have lower profitability, maybe even no profitability.
"You're asking what it takes to get that going, it's not only when we are allowed by the authorities, and in what format with a TV race only or a fan race, but also how does it work for the teams?
"How do we do something that is beneficial for fans, but also doesn't have the teams bankrupting themselves by conducted no profit, or loss, races?
"We're not encouraging using our cash in an unwise fashion, but we're trying to balance the operating business and its current results against the operating results of our partners in the form of the teams, who do incur large costs."


I just wonder if the front and rear spoiler (see added pictures) were something as options to buy ?
The final incarnation of the Mk 2 Midas was the Bronze. It featured restyled front and rear panels designed by Steve Pearce.
I have the moulds for the Steve Pearce front and rear panels so I can supply a set if you are interested.
Thanks for your offer , but I was just wondering why some Midas cars had those spoilers and others not .
But you never now in the future , maybe you can PM me with the prices for thIis?


Scholars have been arguing about the exact meaning of "son of Man." One modern scholar described the failure of scholars to reach any major consensus as "one of the great embarrassments for modern historical scholarship" (Dunn, 2003, 725). More specifically, some have maintained that it was a pre-Christian Jewish title that denoted the eschatological figure of the Messiah and this is how they understand Jesus' repeated use of the term. The majority of scholars reject this view. Those who take "son of Man" to be a Jewish designation for the Messiah cite three main textual sources in support of their theory: 1 Enoch 37-71, 4 Ezra 13, and Daniel 7:13.
1 Enoch ascribes itself to the 7th patriarch in Genesis, but it is considered as a pseudo-epigraphical work whose author is unknown. Its complete version survives in an Ethiopic translation which is believed to have been made as late as the 6th century CE, but its earliest extant manuscript comes from as late as the 16th century. The book is a conglomeration of a number of works of different origins, and it has been rated by some scholars as one of the hundred worst books (Campbell, 1947: 148). The chapters that interest us here are 37-71 — the Parables or Similitudes. They talk about an eschatological figure who is described as "the righteous one," "the elect one," and "the Messiah." He is linked to Jesus because he is also called "the son of man." Nevertheless, the Parables cannot be proved to be pre-Christian. In fact, many scholars believe that it was written by Christians, probably around the end of the 1st century or in the 2nd, so it does not reflect pre-Christian Jewish beliefs (Longenecker, 1969: 152-153; Sanders, 1995: 246, 308).
The second source, 4 Ezra 13, survives in a number of translations of the Greek version. The latter and its Semitic source have both been lost. This source does not actually use the term "son of man," but talks about an eschatological man who comes from the sea and with the clouds of heaven. He destroys the multitudes that start a war against him. Like 1 Enoch 37-71, this book is also believed to have been written late in the 1st century (Longenecker, 1969: 153).
The son of man in this passage has been taken to signify an eschatological individual, giving the term a titular function. It was interpreted as a reference to the Messiah. I find this interpretation of Daniel's "son of man" misguided. First, this is the only instance of its 96 appearances in the Old Testament where the term is claimed to be used as a title and to have messianic eschatological connotations. Second, this expression appears again in the next chapter in Daniel in an angel's speech to the prophet where it simply means "human" or "mortal" (Dan. 8:17). Third, Daniel 7:13 does not actually describe the heavenly figure as "a son of man." To the contrary, by describing him as being "like a son of man" the author is pointing out that he is not a son of man (Campbell, 1947: 148). Daniel meant that although the supernatural figure he saw looked like a son of man, he knew that he was not. That figure was not a human being, so he could not have been the Messiah.
Researchers who insist that "son of man" existed as a title in pre-Christian Judaism have had to assume that the three texts above use "son of man" as a title and then conclude that the existence of this titular use means that the expression must have been established before Jesus (e.g. Horbury, 1985). This is actually more of a clever wording of the assumption than an argument based on evidence.
For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself. And he has given him authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man. (John 5:26-27).
There are other facts and arguments that support our earlier conclusion, which Vermes confirms, that there is no evidence that the expression "son of man" was a recognized title for the Messiah before Jesus. First, neither before nor after Jesus did the term "son of man" ever gain popularity as a designation for the Messiah, despite the fact that Jesus applies it to himself in the Gospels over 80 times and more explicitly and directly than any other title, including "Christ." It is almost completely absent in the New Testament outside the Gospels, appearing only four times (Acts 7:56; Heb. 2:6; Rev. 1:13, 14:14. It is never used by Paul. Furthermore, its possible use as a title for an eschatological figure remained limited to a very small number of sources, including the two instances in Revelations.
Second, the term "son of God" appears 82 times in 79 passages in the Gospels, excluding Matthew 18:11 which is dropped from some more recent translations of the New Testament because it is missing from the most reliable early Greek manuscripts. Significantly, unlike the title "son of God" which occurs on the lips of a number of different people and spiritual beings, almost all occurrences of "son of man" in the Gospels are found in Jesus' sayings. The only exception is John 12:34, but even here people mention it in the context of asking Jesus about what he meant by saying that the "son of man" would be lifted up. Had "son of man" been an established title before Jesus we would have seen it in the Gospels used by people to refer to Jesus, not only used by him.
Third, hearing this expression did not have any unusual effect on people. Had it been a special title of some prominence, let alone an epithet of the Messiah, it would have invoked certain reactions. Nothing of the sort is reported.


I am pleased to announce that SWAP applications are being accepted for summer 2018 work. SWAP stands for Student Worker Assistance Program and allows students to pay for their athletic fees by working various maintenance and custodial jobs throughout the district, during the summer months. SWAP is a voluntary program, offered to Dixon Public School students in grades 9-12.
Applications are now available online at www.dps170.org and are located at DHS Athletic Office, Main Office or Counseling Office. This information was mailed directly to the parents of all incoming freshmen on 04/13/18 and is also in the Main Office at Reagan Middle School.
Applications received after this date, will be placed on a waiting list and cannot be guaranteed work.
April 24th or April 25th at 5:30pm in the DHS Auditorium.
THIS INFORMATIONAL MEETING IS MANDATORY FOR ALL STUDENTS AND PARENTS.
Once the application is completed, signed, and turned in, students will be scheduled for work, in the order applications were received. Calls to schedule SWAP work will begin in early May and continue throughout the summer.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 815-285-8858.
We look forward to working with students interested in giving back to their school, community and family, with this valuable program.


text:
Q: javascript closure advantages? Whats the main purpose of Closures in JS. Is it just used for public and private variables?  or is there something else that I missed. I am trying to understand closure and really want to know what are the main advantages of using it.

A: I think the best phrase to sum up the purpose of closures would be:
Data Encapsulation
With a function closure you can store data in a separate scope, and share it only where necessary.
If you wanted to emulate private static variables, you could define a class inside a function, and define the private static vars within the closure:
(function () {
    var foo;
    foo = 0;
    function MyClass() {
        foo += 1;
    }
    MyClass.prototype = {
        howMany: function () {
            return foo;
        }
    };
    window.MyClass = MyClass;
}());

A: Closures are necessary in javascript due to the fact that most API's that require callback functions (for instance, an "onclick" function) do not provide other mechanisms to send parameters to those callback functions (or to explicitly set the "this" pointer).  Instead, you need to use closures to allow the callback to access variables in the "parent" function.
I personally wish that they weren't necessary, since they can be hard to understand, make for hard to read code (it's not always clear what exactly is in scope), and make for weird bugs.    Instead I wish there was a standard for callbacks that allowed you to send parameters, etc.  But I accept that I am in the minority in this view.

A: Closures have to do with how javascript is scoped.  To say it another way, because of the scoping choices (i.e. lexical scoping) the javascript designers made, closures are possible.
The advantage of closures in javascript is that it allows you to bind a variable to an execution context.
var closedIn = {};

var f = function(){
   closedIn.blah = 'blah'; // closedIn was just "closed in" because I used in the function, but it was defined outside the function.
}

in that example, you have a normal object literal called closedIn.  It is accessed in a function.  Because of that, javascript knows it has to bring closedIn everywhere it brings the function f, so it is available to f.
The this keyword is tricky.  this is always a reference to the execution scope.  You can capture the this of one context to use in another context as follows:
var that = this;
var f = function(){
    that.somethingOnThat();
   // `this` means the scope f, `that` means whatever 'this' was when defined outside of the function
}

This trick can be very useful somethings, if you are coding object oriented javascript and want a callback to have access to some external scope.
To quote from a Javascript book:

"Functions in JavaScript are lexically
  rather than dynamically scoped.  This
  means that they run in the scope in
  which they are defined, not the scopee
  from which they are executed.  When a
  function is defined, the current scope
  chain is saved and becomes part of the
  internal state of the function."

So the clear advantage is that you can bring any object (functions, objects, etc) along with the scope chain as far as is necessary.  This is can also be considered a risk, because your apps can easily consume lots of memory if you are not careful.

A: As we know, the variables that are defined in functions, have local scope. We can't access them from outside of the function.
Problem 1:
local variables are created when the function is called and they will be destroyed when the function's task is finished. It means local variables have shorter life time than global variables. We may use global variables to overcome that issue.
Global variables are available when the program starts and are destroyed when it ends. They are also available throughout the program.
Problem 2:
Since global variables are accessible throughout the program, they are prone to change from everywhere.
What do we want?
We want to have data persistency + data encapsulation.
We can achieve them by using Closures. By using a closure we can have private variables that are available even after a function's task is finished.
Example:

function initCounter() {
  let counter = 0;

  return function () {
    return ++counter;
  }
}

// Each counter is persistent
const countJumps = initCounter();
countJumps();
countJumps();
alert("Jumps count is: " + countJumps());

const countClicks = initCounter();
countClicks();
countClicks();
countClicks();
countClicks();
alert("Clicks count is: " + countClicks());

// Each counter is isolated
alert(counter); // Error: counter is not defined

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Yuri Struchkov , unstoppable author from the Institute of Organoelemental Compounds in Moscow, for the scientific papers he is credited with publishing between the years and , averaging more than one every 3. Report of the Special Investigation Commission , issued April 12, Charnetski and Francis X. Spark , on behalf of John Paul Stapp's widow, Lilly. Product info [from Seems, Inc. John Mack of Harvard Medical School and David Jacobs of Temple University, mental visionaries, for their leaping conclusion that people who believe they were kidnapped by aliens from outer space, probably were — and especially for their conclusion "the focus of the abduction is the production of children. Social Forces , vol.
Karl Kruszelnicki of The University of Sydney, for performing a comprehensive survey of human belly button lint -- who gets it, when, what color, and how much. The investors of Lloyds of London , heirs to years of dull prudent management, for their bold attempt to insure disaster by refusing to pay for their company's losses. The Journal of Trauma , vol. Miller of Oak Grove, Missouri, for inventing Neuticles -- artificial replacement testicles for dogs, which are available in three sizes, and three degrees of firmness.
Description: Troy Hurtubise , of North Bay, Ontario, for developing, and personally testing a suit of armor that is impervious to grizzly bears. In , one prize was based on what turned out to be erroneous press accounts. Craig Bennett , Abigail Baird , Michael Miller , and George Wolford [USA], for demonstrating that brain researchers, by using complicated instruments and simple statistics, can see meaningful brain activity anywhere — even in a dead salmon. D'urso, " Journal of Experimental Zoology , vol.


This short example shows how NGOs can help poor people to influence factors that have a major influence on their livelihoods – in this case, by using political pressure to change the mechanism which sets the price of sugar in Kenya.
It also shows the limitations of an NGO's activities. It is not yet clear whether the coalitions that were set up are sustainable, and whether the political gains that have been achieved will be defended.
In 2001, approximately five million people in Kenya depended on small-holder sugar production. But the industry was in crisis: small-holder farmers had not been paid for their crop from 1998 – 2001 and the International Monetary Fund had concluded that small-holder sugar farming was not economically viable in Kenya.
Power in the industry lay with six sugar factories, which were seen to be vehicles for political patronage. A Sugar Bill was being considered by the Kenyan parliament, which would have institutionalised existing arrangements.
A coalition of Kenyan NGOs (including the Centre for Governance and Development and ActionAid Kenya) played a leading role in organising and supporting "Sucam: The Sugar Campaign for Change". Sucam's mission is "to promote the development of a viable and efficient sugar industry that will ensure that sugarcane farmers in Kenya enjoy a life that is just, fair and free of poverty".
campaigning against cuts in the price paid to farmers for sugar cane and cheap sugar imports into Kenya.
Sucam has learnt major lessons and faced serious difficulties. While expectations for change have been high, it has taken time for farmers to see the benefits of structural changes. However, back payments for previous years' crops are now being paid. Sucam is continuing its work, focusing on 10 priority areas.
Sucam started the process of unlocking a major structural constraint for millions of poor Kenyan farmers and their families. This may not be enough to solve poverty. But it did changed the balance of power so that small-holder farmers can fight for their right to a fair reward for their labour and against oppressive institutions which deepen their impoverishment.
However, farmers will have to continue to fight to defend their interests. At the same time, they have to handle the spectre of internal political division within Sucam. This is a major risk, particularly because Sucam's development and initial activities was driven by NGOs, rather than by local farmers. If local farmers do not feel a strong enough sense of ownership in Sucam, then the organisation may break down, and the political gains may be reversed.


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text:
Thermostat = function() {
  this.DEFAULT_TEMP = 20;
  this.temp = this.DEFAULT_TEMP;
  this.MIN = 10;
  this.MAX_LOW = 25;
  this.MAX_HIGH = 32;
  this.isPowerSavingOn = true;
  this.DEFAULT_CHANGE = 1;
};

Thermostat.prototype.increaseTemp = function() {
  if (this.temp != this.getMax()) this.temp += this.DEFAULT_CHANGE;
};

Thermostat.prototype.decreaseTemp = function() {
  if (this.temp != this.MIN) this.temp -= this.DEFAULT_CHANGE;
};

Thermostat.prototype.setMode = function(val) {
  this.isPowerSavingOn = val;
};

Thermostat.prototype.getMax = function() {
  if (this.isPowerSavingOn === false) return this.MAX_HIGH;
  return this.MAX_LOW;
};

Thermostat.prototype.resetTemp = function() {
  this.temp = this.DEFAULT_TEMP;
};

Thermostat.prototype.checkEfficiency = function() {
  if (this.temp <= 18) return 'good';
  if (this.temp > 25) return 'bad';
  if (this.temp <= 25 && this.temp > 18) return 'medium';
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Nowadays many countries have problems with education systems due to lack of teachers. It's an interesting fact that the situation was completely different about one hundred years ago. In those times being a teacher was a prestigious and well-paid job. This essay will describe the main reasons and possible ways to tackle this problem.


text:
Commenced in January 2007 Frequency: Monthly Edition: International Paper Count: 242
'Daily Speaking': Designing an App for Construction of Language Learning Model Supporting 'Seamless Flipped' Environment
Zhou Hong, Gu Xiao-Qing, Lıu Hong-Jiao, Leng Jing
Seamless learning is becoming a research hotspot in recent years, and the emerging of micro-lectures, flipped classroom has strengthened the development of seamless learning. Based on the characteristics of the seamless learning across time and space and the course structure of the flipped classroom, and the theories of language learning, we put forward the language learning model which can support 'seamless flipped' environment (abbreviated as 'S-F'). Meanwhile, the characteristics of the 'S-F' learning environment, the corresponding framework construction and the activity design of diversified corpora were introduced. Moreover, a language learning app named 'Daily Speaking' was developed to facilitate the practice of the language learning model in 'S-F' environment. In virtue of the learning case of Shanghai language, the rationality and feasibility of this framework were examined, expecting to provide a reference for the design of 'S-F' learning in different situations.
Seamless learning, flipped classroom, seamless-flipped environment, language learning model.
Assessment of the Illustrated Language Activities of the Portage Guide to Early Education
Ofelia A. Damag
The study was focused on the development and assessment of the illustrated language activities of the 1996 Edition of the Portage Guide to Early Education. It determined the extent of appropriateness, applicability, time efficiency and aesthetics of the illustrated language activities to be used as instructional material not only by teachers, but parents and caregivers as well. The eclectic research design was applied in this study using qualitative and quantitative methods. To determine the applicability and time efficiency of the study, a try out was done. Since the eclectic research design was used, it made use of a researcher-made survey questionnaire and focus group discussion. Analysis of the data was done through weighted mean and ANOVA. The respondents of the study were representatives of Special Education (SPED) teachers, caregivers and parents of a special-needs child, particularly with difficulties in learning basic language skills. The results of the study show that a large number of respondents are SPED teachers and caregivers and are mostly college graduates. Many of them have earned units towards Master's studies. Moreover, a majority of the respondents have not attended seminars or in-service training in early intervention for them to be more competent in the area of specialization. It is concluded that the illustrated language activities under review in this study are appropriate, applicable, time efficient and aesthetic for use as a tool in teaching. The recommendations are focused on the advocacy for SPED teachers, caregivers and parents of special-needs children to be more consistent in the implementation of the new instructional materials as an aid in an intervention program.
Illustrated language activities, inclusion, portage guide to early education, special educational needs.
An Analysis of Language Borrowing among Algerian University Students Using Online Facebook Conversations
Messaouda Annab
The rapid development of technology has led to an important context in which different languages and structures are used in the same conversations. This paper investigates the practice of language borrowing within social media platform, namely, Facebook among Algerian Vernacular Arabic (AVA) students. In other words, this study will explore how Algerian students have incorporated lexical English borrowing in their online conversations. This paper will examine the relationships between language, culture and identity among a multilingual group. The main objective is to determine the cultural and linguistic functions that borrowing fulfills in social media and to explain the possible factors underlying English borrowing. The nature of the study entails the use of an online research method that includes ten online Facebook conversations in the form of private messages collected from Bachelor and Masters Algerian students recruited from the English department at the University of Oum El-Bouaghi. The analysis of data revealed that social media platform provided the users with opportunities to shift from one language to another. This practice was noticed in students' online conversations. English borrowing was the most relevant language performance in accordance with Arabic which is the mother tongue of the chosen sample. The analysis has assumed that participants are skilled in more than one language.
Borrowing, language performance, linguistic background, social media.
Management of English Language Teaching in Higher Education
Vishal D. Pandya
A great deal of perceptible change has been taking place in the way our institutions of higher learning are being managed in India today. It is believed that managers, whose intuition proves to be accurate, often tend to be the most successful, and this is what makes them almost like entrepreneurs. A certain entrepreneurial spirit is what is expected and requires a degree of insight of the manager to be successful depending upon the situational and more importantly, the heterogeneity as well as the socio-cultural aspect. Teachers in Higher Education have to play multiple roles to make sure that the Learning-Teaching process becomes effective in the real sense of the term. This paper makes an effort to take a close look at that, especially in the context of the management of English language teaching in Higher Education and, therefore, focuses on the management of English language teaching in higher education by understanding target situation analyses at the socio-cultural level.
Management, language teaching, English language teaching, higher education.
Analyzing Environmental Emotive Triggers in Terrorist Propaganda
Travis Morris
The purpose of this study is to measure the intersection of environmental security entities in terrorist propaganda. To the best of author's knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to examine this intersection within terrorist propaganda. Rosoka, natural language processing software and frame analysis are used to advance our understanding of how environmental frames function as emotive triggers. Violent jihadi demagogues use frames to suggest violent and non-violent solutions to their grievances. Emotive triggers are framed in a way to leverage individual and collective attitudes in psychological warfare. A comparative research design is used because of the differences and similarities that exist between two variants of violent jihadi propaganda that target western audiences. Analysis is based on salience and network text analysis, which generates violent jihadi semantic networks. Findings indicate that environmental frames are used as emotive triggers across both data sets, but also as tactical and information data points. A significant finding is that certain core environmental emotive triggers like "water," "soil," and "trees" are significantly salient at the aggregate level across both data sets. All environmental entities can be classified into two categories, symbolic and literal. Importantly, this research illustrates how demagogues use environmental emotive triggers in cyber space from a subcultural perspective to mobilize target audiences to their ideology and praxis. Understanding the anatomy of propaganda construction is necessary in order to generate effective counter narratives in information operations. This research advances an additional method to inform practitioners and policy makers of how environmental security and propaganda intersect.
Emotive triggers, environmental security, natural language processing, propaganda analysis.
Using ε Value in Describe Regular Languages by Using Finite Automata, Operation on Languages and the Changing Algorithm Implementation
Abdulmajid Mukhtar Afat
This paper aims at introducing nondeterministic finite automata with ε value which is used to perform some operations on languages. a program is created to implement the algorithm that converts nondeterministic finite automata with ε value (ε-NFA) to deterministic finite automata (DFA).The program is written in c++ programming language. The program inputs are FA 5-tuples from text file and then classifies it into either DFA/NFA or ε -NFA. For DFA, the program will get the string w and decide whether it is accepted or rejected. The tracking path for an accepted string is saved by the program. In case of NFA or ε-NFA automation, the program changes the automation to DFA to enable tracking and to decide if the string w exists in the regular language or not.
Finite automata, DFA, NFA, ε-NFA, Eclose, operations on languages.
Simulation of Concrete Wall Subjected to Airblast by Developing an Elastoplastic Spring Model in Modelica Modelling Language
Leo Laine, Morgan Johansson
To meet the civilizations future needs for safe living and low environmental footprint, the engineers designing the complex systems of tomorrow will need efficient ways to model and optimize these systems for their intended purpose. For example, a civil defence shelter and its subsystem components needs to withstand, e.g. airblast and ground shock from decided design level explosion which detonates with a certain distance from the structure. In addition, the complex civil defence shelter needs to have functioning air filter systems to protect from toxic gases and provide clean air, clean water, heat, and electricity needs to also be available through shock and vibration safe fixtures and connections. Similar complex building systems can be found in any concentrated living or office area. In this paper, the authors use a multidomain modelling language called Modelica to model a concrete wall as a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system with elastoplastic properties with the implemented option of plastic hardening. The elastoplastic model was developed and implemented in the open source tool OpenModelica. The simulation model was tested on the case with a transient equivalent reflected pressure time history representing an airblast from 100 kg TNT detonating 15 meters from the wall. The concrete wall is approximately regarded as a concrete strip of 1.0 m width. This load represents a realistic threat on any building in a city like area. The OpenModelica model results were compared with an Excel implementation of a SDOF model with an elastic-plastic spring using simple fixed timestep central difference solver. The structural displacement results agreed very well with each other when it comes to plastic displacement magnitude, elastic oscillation displacement, and response times.
Airblast from explosives, elastoplastic spring model, Modelica modelling language, SDOF, structural response of concrete structure.
A Motion Dictionary to Real-Time Recognition of Sign Language Alphabet Using Dynamic Time Warping and Artificial Neural Network
Marcio Leal, Marta Villamil
Computacional recognition of sign languages aims to allow a greater social and digital inclusion of deaf people through interpretation of their language by computer. This article presents a model of recognition of two of global parameters from sign languages; hand configurations and hand movements. Hand motion is captured through an infrared technology and its joints are built into a virtual three-dimensional space. A Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) was used to classify hand configurations and Dynamic Time Warping (DWT) recognizes hand motion. Beyond of the method of sign recognition, we provide a dataset of hand configurations and motion capture built with help of fluent professionals in sign languages. Despite this technology can be used to translate any sign from any signs dictionary, Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) was used as case study. Finally, the model presented in this paper achieved a recognition rate of 80.4%.
Sign language recognition, computer vision, infrared, artificial neural network, dynamic time warping.
A Sociolinguistic Study of the Outcomes of Arabic-French Contact in the Algerian Dialect Tlemcen Speech Community as a Case Study
R. Rahmoun-Mrabet
It is acknowledged that our style of speaking changes according to a wide range of variables such as gender, setting, the age of both the addresser and the addressee, the conversation topic, and the aim of the interaction. These differences in style are noticeable in monolingual and multilingual speech communities. Yet, they are more observable in speech communities where two or more codes coexist. The linguistic situation in Algeria reflects a state of bilingualism because of the coexistence of Arabic and French. Nevertheless, like all Arab countries, it is characterized by diglossia i.e. the concomitance of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Algerian Arabic (AA), the former standing for the 'high variety' and the latter for the 'low variety'. The two varieties are derived from the same source but are used to fulfil distinct functions that is, MSA is used in the domains of religion, literature, education and formal settings. AA, on the other hand, is used in informal settings, in everyday speech. French has strongly affected the Algerian language and culture because of the historical background of Algeria, thus, what can easily be noticed in Algeria is that everyday speech is characterized by code-switching from dialectal Arabic and French or by the use of borrowings. Tamazight is also very present in many regions of Algeria and is the mother tongue of many Algerians. Yet, it is not used in the west of Algeria, where the study has been conducted. The present work, which was directed in the speech community of Tlemcen-Algeria, aims at depicting some of the outcomes of the contact of Arabic with French such as code-switching, borrowing and interference. The question that has been asked is whether Algerians are aware of their use of borrowings or not. Three steps are followed in this research; the first one is to depict the sociolinguistic situation in Algeria and to describe the linguistic characteristics of the dialect of Tlemcen, which are specific to this city. The second one is concerned with data collection. Data have been collected from 57 informants who were given questionnaires and who have then been classified according to their age, gender and level of education. Information has also been collected through observation, and note taking. The third step is devoted to analysis. The results obtained reveal that most Algerians are aware of their use of borrowings. The present work clarifies how words are borrowed from French, and then adapted to Arabic. It also illustrates the way in which singular words inflect into plural. The results expose the main characteristics of borrowing as opposed to code-switching. The study also clarifies how interference occurs at the level of nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Bilingualism, borrowing, code-switching, interference, language contact.
Composite Kernels for Public Emotion Recognition from Twitter
Chien-Hung Chen, Yan-Chun Hsing, Yung-Chun Chang
The Internet has grown into a powerful medium for information dispersion and social interaction that leads to a rapid growth of social media which allows users to easily post their emotions and perspectives regarding certain topics online. Our research aims at using natural language processing and text mining techniques to explore the public emotions expressed on Twitter by analyzing the sentiment behind tweets. In this paper, we propose a composite kernel method that integrates tree kernel with the linear kernel to simultaneously exploit both the tree representation and the distributed emotion keyword representation to analyze the syntactic and content information in tweets. The experiment results demonstrate that our method can effectively detect public emotion of tweets while outperforming the other compared methods.
Public emotion recognition, natural language processing, composite kernel, sentiment analysis, text mining.
Reviewing the Relation of Language and Minorities' Rights
Mohsen Davarzani, Ehsan Lame, Mohammad Taghi Hassan Zadeh
Language is considered as a powerful and outstanding feature of ethnicity. However, humiliating and prohibiting using human language is one the most heinous and brutal acts in the form of racism. In other words, racism can be a product of physiological humiliations and discrimination, such as skin color, and can also be resulted from ethnic humiliation and discrimination such as language, customs and so on. Ethnic and racial discrimination is one of the main problems of the world that minorities and occasionally the majority have suffered from. Nowadays, few states can be found in which all individuals and its citizens are of the same race and ethnicity, culture and language. In these countries, referred to as the multinational states, (eg, Iran, Switzerland, India, etc.), there are the communities and groups which have their own linguistic, cultural and historical characteristics. Characteristics of human rights issues, diversity of issues and plurality of meanings indicate that they appear in various aspects. The states are obliged to respect, as per national and international obligations, the rights of all citizens from different angles, especially different groups that require special attention in order of the particular aspects such as ethnicity, religious and political minorities, children, women, workers, unions and in case the states are in breach of any of these items, they are faced with challenges in local, regional or international fields.
Law, language, minorities, ethnicity.
Emotional Analysis for Text Search Queries on Internet
Gemma García López
The goal of this study is to analyze if search queries carried out in search engines such as Google, can offer emotional information about the user that performs them. Knowing the emotional state in which the Internet user is located can be a key to achieve the maximum personalization of content and the detection of worrying behaviors. For this, two studies were carried out using tools with advanced natural language processing techniques. The first study determines if a query can be classified as positive, negative or neutral, while the second study extracts emotional content from words and applies the categorical and dimensional models for the representation of emotions. In addition, we use search queries in Spanish and English to establish similarities and differences between two languages. The results revealed that text search queries performed by users on the Internet can be classified emotionally. This allows us to better understand the emotional state of the user at the time of the search, which could involve adapting the technology and personalizing the responses to different emotional states.
Emotion classification, text search queries, emotional analysis, sentiment analysis in text, natural language processing.
Developmental Differences in the Construction of Concepts by Children from 3 to 14-Year-Olds: Perception, Language and Instruction
Mehmet Ozcan
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between language and children's construction of the concept of objects, actions, and states. Participants of this study are 120 children whose ages range from 3 to 14 years. Ten children participated from each age group and 10 adults participated as normative group. Data were collected using 28 words which were identified and grouped according to the purpose of this study. Participants were asked the question "What is x?' for each word in a reserved room. The audio recorded data were transcribed and coded. The data were analyzed primarily qualitatively but quantitatively as well to support qualitative findings. The findings reveal that younger children rely more on their perceptual experience and linguistic input while 7-year-olds and older ones rely more on instructional language in the construction of the concepts related to objects, actions and states. Adults differ from all age groups with their usage of metaphors to refer to objects. It has been noted that linguistic, perceptual and instructional experiences work in an interwoven way but each one seems to be dominant at certain ages.
Cognition, concept construction, first language acquisition, language, thought.
The Effect of Realizing Emotional Synchrony with Teachers or Peers on Children's Linguistic Proficiency: The Case Study of Uji Elementary School
Reiko Yamamoto
This paper reports on a joint research project in which a researcher in applied linguistics and elementary school teachers in Japan explored new ways to realize emotional synchrony in a classroom in childhood education. The primary purpose of this project was to develop a cross-curriculum of the first language (L1) and second language (L2) based on the concept of plurilingualism. This concept is common in Europe, and can-do statements are used in forming the standard of linguistic proficiency in any language; these are attributed to the action-oriented approach in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). CEFR has a basic tenet of language education: improving communicative competence. Can-do statements are classified into five categories based on the tenet: reading, writing, listening, speaking/ interaction, and speaking/ speech. The first approach of this research was to specify the linguistic proficiency of the children, who are still developing their L1. Elementary school teachers brainstormed and specified the linguistic proficiency of the children as the competency needed to synchronize with others – teachers or peers – physically and mentally. The teachers formed original can-do statements in language proficiency on the basis of the idea that emotional synchrony leads to understanding others in communication. The research objectives are to determine the effect of language education based on the newly developed curriculum and can-do statements. The participants of the experiment were 72 third-graders in Uji Elementary School, Japan. For the experiment, 17 items were developed from the can-do statements formed by the teachers and divided into the same five categories as those of CEFR. A can-do checklist consisting of the items was created. The experiment consisted of three steps: first, the students evaluated themselves using the can-do checklist at the beginning of the school year. Second, one year of instruction was given to the students in Japanese and English classes (six periods a week). Third, the students evaluated themselves using the same can-do checklist at the end of the school year. The results of statistical analysis showed an enhancement of linguistic proficiency of the students. The average results of the post-check exceeded that of the pre-check in 12 out of the 17 items. Moreover, significant differences were shown in four items, three of which belonged to the same category: speaking/ interaction. It is concluded that children can get to understand others' minds through physical and emotional synchrony. In particular, emotional synchrony is what teachers should aim at in childhood education.
Elementary school education, emotional synchrony, language proficiency, sympathy with others.
The Phonology and Phonetics of Second Language Intonation in Case of "Downstep"
Tayebeh Norouzi
This study aims to investigate the acquisition process of intonation. It examines the intonation structure of Tokyo Japanese and its realization by Iranian learners of Japanese. Seven Iranian learners of Japanese, differing in fluency, and two Japanese speakers participated in the experiment. Two sentences were used to test the phonological and phonetic characteristics of lexical pitch-accent as well as the intonation patterns produced by the speakers. Both sentences consisted of similar words with the same number of syllables and lexical pitch-accents but different syntactic structure. Speakers were asked to read each sentence three times at normal speed, and the data were analyzed by Praat. The results show that lexical pitch-accent, Accentual Phrase (AP) and AP boundary tone realization vary depending on sentence type. For sentences of type XdeYwo, the lexical pitch-accent is realized properly. However, there is a rise in AP boundary tone regardless of speakers' level of fluency. In contrast, in sentences of type XnoYwo, the lexical pitch-accent and AP boundary tone vary depending on the speakers' fluency level. Advanced speakers are better at grouping words into phrases and produce more native-like intonation patterns, though they are not able to realize downstep properly. The non-native speakers tried to realize proper intonation patterns by making changes in lexical accent and boundary tone.
Intonation, Iranian learners, Japanese prosody, lexical accent, second language acquisition.
Q-Map: Clinical Concept Mining from Clinical Documents
Sheikh Shams Azam, Manoj Raju, Venkatesh Pagidimarri, Vamsi Kasivajjala
Over the past decade, there has been a steep rise in the data-driven analysis in major areas of medicine, such as clinical decision support system, survival analysis, patient similarity analysis, image analytics etc. Most of the data in the field are well-structured and available in numerical or categorical formats which can be used for experiments directly. But on the opposite end of the spectrum, there exists a wide expanse of data that is intractable for direct analysis owing to its unstructured nature which can be found in the form of discharge summaries, clinical notes, procedural notes which are in human written narrative format and neither have any relational model nor any standard grammatical structure. An important step in the utilization of these texts for such studies is to transform and process the data to retrieve structured information from the haystack of irrelevant data using information retrieval and data mining techniques. To address this problem, the authors present Q-Map in this paper, which is a simple yet robust system that can sift through massive datasets with unregulated formats to retrieve structured information aggressively and efficiently. It is backed by an effective mining technique which is based on a string matching algorithm that is indexed on curated knowledge sources, that is both fast and configurable. The authors also briefly examine its comparative performance with MetaMap, one of the most reputed tools for medical concepts retrieval and present the advantages the former displays over the latter.
Information retrieval (IR), unified medical language system (UMLS), Syntax Based Analysis, natural language processing (NLP), medical informatics.
Methodology for Developing an Intelligent Tutoring System Based on Marzano's Taxonomy
Joaquin Navarro Perales, Ana Lidia Franzoni Velázquez, Francisco Cervantes Pérez
The Mexican educational system faces diverse challenges related with the quality and coverage of education. The development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) may help to solve some of them by helping teachers to customize their classes according to the performance of the students in online courses. In this work, we propose the adaptation of a functional ITS based on Bloom's taxonomy called Sistema de Apoyo Generalizado para la Enseñanza Individualizada (SAGE), to measure student's metacognition and their emotional response based on Marzano's taxonomy. The students and the system will share the control over the advance in the course, so they can improve their metacognitive skills. The system will not allow students to get access to subjects not mastered yet. The interaction between the system and the student will be implemented through Natural Language Processing techniques, thus avoiding the use of sensors to evaluate student's response. The teacher will evaluate student's knowledge utilization, which is equivalent to the last cognitive level in Marzano's taxonomy.
Intelligent tutoring systems, student modelling, metacognition, affective computing, natural language processing.
Programming Language Extension Using Structured Query Language for Database Access
Chapman Eze Nnadozie
Relational databases constitute a very vital tool for the effective management and administration of both personal and organizational data. Data access ranges from a single user database management software to a more complex distributed server system. This paper intends to appraise the use a programming language extension like structured query language (SQL) to establish links to a relational database (Microsoft Access 2013) using Visual C++ 9 programming language environment. The methodology used involves the creation of tables to form a database using Microsoft Access 2013, which is Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) database compliant. The SQL command is used to query the tables in the database for easy extraction of expected records inside the visual C++ environment. The findings of this paper reveal that records can easily be accessed and manipulated to filter exactly what the user wants, such as retrieval of records with specified criteria, updating of records, and deletion of part or the whole records in a table.
Data access, database, database management system, OLE, programming language, records, relational database, software, SQL, table.
Reading and Teaching Poetry as Communicative Discourse: A Pragma-Linguistic Approach
Omnia Elkommos
Language is communication on several discourse levels. The target of teaching a language and the literature of a foreign language is to communicate a message. Reading, appreciating, analysing, and interpreting poetry as a sophisticated rhetorical expression of human thoughts, emotions, and philosophical messages is more feasible through the use of linguistic pragmatic tools from a communicative discourse perspective. The poet's intention, speech act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary goal can be better understood when communicative situational context as well as linguistic discourse structure theories are employed. The use of linguistic theories in the teaching of poetry is, therefore, intrinsic to students' comprehension, interpretation, and appreciation of poetry of the different ages. It is the purpose of this study to show how both teachers as well as students can apply these linguistic theories and tools to dramatic poetic texts for an engaging, enlightening, and effective interpretation and appreciation of the language. Theories drawn from areas of pragmatics, discourse analysis, embedded discourse level, communicative situational context, and other linguistic approaches were applied to selected poetry texts from the different centuries. Further, in a simple statistical count of the number of poems with dialogic dramatic discourse with embedded two or three levels of discourse in different anthologies outweighs the number of descriptive poems with a one level of discourse, between the poet and the reader. Poetry is thus discourse on one, two, or three levels. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers and students in the area of ESL/EFL use the linguistics theories for a better understanding of poetry as communicative discourse. The practice of applying these linguistic theories in classrooms and in research will allow them to perceive the language and its linguistic, social, and cultural aspect. Texts will become live illocutionary acts with a perlocutionary acts goal rather than mere literary texts in anthologies.
Coda, commissives, communicative situation, context of culture, context of reference, context of utterance, dialogue, directives, discourse analysis, dramatic discourse interaction, duologue, embedded discourse levels, language for communication, linguistic structures, literary texts, poetry, pragmatic theories, reader response, speech acts (macro/micro), stylistics, teaching literature, TEFL, terms of address, turn-taking.
The Effect of Computer-Mediated vs. Face-to-Face Instruction on L2 Pragmatics: A Meta-Analysis
Marziyeh Yousefi, Hossein Nassaji
This paper reports the results of a meta-analysis of studies on the effects of instruction mode on learning second language pragmatics during the last decade (from 2006 to 2016). After establishing related inclusion/ exclusion criteria, 39 published studies were retrieved and included in the present meta-analysis. Studies were later coded for face-to-face and computer-assisted mode of instruction. Statistical procedures were applied to obtain effect sizes. It was found that Computer-Assisted-Language-Learning studies generated larger effects than Face-to-Face instruction.
Meta-analysis, effect size, pragmatics, computer-assisted language learnin, face-to-face instruction, comprehensive meta-analysis software.
Online Multilingual Dictionary Using Hamburg Notation for Avatar-Based Indian Sign Language Generation System
Sugandhi, Parteek Kumar, Sanmeet Kaur
Sign Language (SL) is used by deaf and other people who cannot speak but can hear or have a problem with spoken languages due to some disability. It is a visual gesture language that makes use of either one hand or both hands, arms, face, body to convey meanings and thoughts. SL automation system is an effective way which provides an interface to communicate with normal people using a computer. In this paper, an avatar based dictionary has been proposed for text to Indian Sign Language (ISL) generation system. This research work will also depict a literature review on SL corpus available for various SL s over the years. For ISL generation system, a written form of SL is required and there are certain techniques available for writing the SL. The system uses Hamburg sign language Notation System (HamNoSys) and Signing Gesture Mark-up Language (SiGML) for ISL generation. It is developed in PHP using Web Graphics Library (WebGL) technology for 3D avatar animation. A multilingual ISL dictionary is developed using HamNoSys for both English and Hindi Language. This dictionary will be used as a database to associate signs with words or phrases of a spoken language. It provides an interface for admin panel to manage the dictionary, i.e., modification, addition, or deletion of a word. Through this interface, HamNoSys can be developed and stored in a database and these notations can be converted into its corresponding SiGML file manually. The system takes natural language input sentence in English and Hindi language and generate 3D sign animation using an avatar. SL generation systems have potential applications in many domains such as healthcare sector, media, educational institutes, commercial sectors, transportation services etc. This research work will help the researchers to understand various techniques used for writing SL and generation of Sign Language systems.
Avatar, dictionary, HamNoSys, hearing-impaired, Indian Sign Language, sign language.
Requirement Engineering and Software Product Line Scoping Paradigm
Ahmed Mateen, Zhu Qingsheng, Faisal Shahzad
Requirement Engineering (RE) is a part being created for programming structure during the software development lifecycle. Software product line development is a new topic area within the domain of software engineering. It also plays important role in decision making and it is ultimately helpful in rising business environment for productive programming headway. Decisions are central to engineering processes and they hold them together. It is argued that better decisions will lead to better engineering. To achieve better decisions requires that they are understood in detail. In order to address the issues, companies are moving towards Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) which helps in providing large varieties of products with minimum development effort and cost. This paper proposed a new framework for software product line and compared with other models. The results can help to understand the needs in SPL testing, by identifying points that still require additional investigation. In our future scenario, we will combine this model in a controlled environment with industrial SPL projects which will be the new horizon for SPL process management testing strategies.
Requirements engineering, software product lines, scoping, process structure, domain specific language.
Adaption Model for Building Agile Pronunciation Dictionaries Using Phonemic Distance Measurements
Akella Amarendra Babu, Rama Devi Yellasiri, Natukula Sainath
Where human beings can easily learn and adopt pronunciation variations, machines need training before put into use. Also humans keep minimum vocabulary and their pronunciation variations are stored in front-end of their memory for ready reference, while machines keep the entire pronunciation dictionary for ready reference. Supervised methods are used for preparation of pronunciation dictionaries which take large amounts of manual effort, cost, time and are not suitable for real time use. This paper presents an unsupervised adaptation model for building agile and dynamic pronunciation dictionaries online. These methods mimic human approach in learning the new pronunciations in real time. A new algorithm for measuring sound distances called Dynamic Phone Warping is presented and tested. Performance of the system is measured using an adaptation model and the precision metrics is found to be better than 86 percent.
Pronunciation variations, dynamic programming, machine learning, natural language processing.
Analysis of Linguistic Disfluencies in Bilingual Children's Discourse
Sheena Christabel Pravin, M. Palanivelan
Speech disfluencies are common in spontaneous speech. The primary purpose of this study was to distinguish linguistic disfluencies from stuttering disfluencies in bilingual Tamil–English (TE) speaking children. The secondary purpose was to determine whether their disfluencies are mediated by native language dominance and/or on an early onset of developmental stuttering at childhood. A detailed study was carried out to identify the prosodic and acoustic features that uniquely represent the disfluent regions of speech. This paper focuses on statistical modeling of repetitions, prolongations, pauses and interjections in the speech corpus encompassing bilingual spontaneous utterances from school going children – English and Tamil. Two classifiers including Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), which is a class of feed-forward artificial neural network, were compared in the classification of disfluencies. The results of the classifiers document the patterns of disfluency in spontaneous speech samples of school-aged children to distinguish between Children Who Stutter (CWS) and Children with Language Impairment CLI). The ability of the models in classifying the disfluencies was measured in terms of F-measure, Recall, and Precision.
Bilingual, children who stutter, children with language impairment, Hidden Markov Models, multi-layer perceptron, linguistic disfluencies, stuttering disfluencies.
Contributions of Non-Formal Educational Spaces for the Scientific Literacy of Deaf Students
Rafael Dias Silva
The school is a social institution that should promote learning situations that remain throughout life. Based on this, the teaching activities promoted in museum spaces can represent an educational strategy that contributes to the learning process in a more meaningful way. This article systematizes a series of elements that guide the use of these spaces for the scientific literacy of deaf students and as experiences of this nature are favorable for the school development through the concept of the circularity. The methodology for the didactic use of these spaces of non-formal education is one of the reflections developed in this study and how such environments can contribute to the learning in the classroom. To develop in the student the idea of association making him create connections with the curricular proposal and notice how the proposed activity is articulated. It is in our interest that the experience lived in the museum be shared collaborating for the construction of a scientific literacy and cultural identity through the research.
Accessibility in museums, Brazilian sign language, deaf students, teacher training.
A Prevalence of Phonological Disorder in Children with Specific Language Impairment
Etim, Victoria Enefiok, Dada, Oluseyi Akintunde, Bassey Okon
Phonological disorder is a serious and disturbing issue to many parents and teachers. Efforts towards resolving the problem have been undermined by other specific disabilities which were hidden to many regular and special education teachers. It is against this background that this study was motivated to provide data on the prevalence of phonological disorders in children with specific language impairment (CWSLI) as the first step towards critical intervention. The study was a survey of 15 CWSLI from St. Louise Inclusive schools, Ikot Ekpene in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Phonological Processes Diagnostic Scale (PPDS) with 17 short sentences, which cut across the five phonological processes that were examined, were validated by experts in test measurement, phonology and special education. The respondents were made to read the sentences with emphasis on the targeted sounds. Their utterances were recorded and analyzed in the language laboratory using Praat Software. Data were also collected through friendly interactions at different times from the clients. The theory of generative phonology was adopted for the descriptive analysis of the phonological processes. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage and composite bar chart for better understanding of the result. The study found out that CWSLI exhibited the five phonological processes under investigation. It was revealed that 66.7%, 80%, 73.3%, 80%, and 86.7% of the respondents have severe deficit in fricative stopping, velar fronting, liquid gliding, final consonant deletion and cluster reduction, respectively. It was therefore recommended that a nationwide survey should be carried out to have national statistics of CWSLI with phonological deficits and develop intervention strategies for effective therapy to remediate the disorder.
Language disorders, phonology, phonological processes, specific language impairment.
A Fast, Portable Computational Framework for Aerodynamic Simulations
Mehdi Ghommem, Daniel Garcia, Nathan Collier, Victor Calo
We develop a fast, user-friendly implementation of a potential flow solver based on the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM). The computational framework uses the Python programming language which has easy integration with the scripts requiring computationally-expensive operations written in Fortran. The mixed-language approach enables high performance in terms of solution time and high flexibility in terms of easiness of code adaptation to different system configurations and applications. This computational tool is intended to predict the unsteady aerodynamic behavior of multiple moving bodies (e.g., flapping wings, rotating blades, suspension bridges...) subject to an incoming air. We simulate different aerodynamic problems to validate and illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the developed computational tool.
Unsteady aerodynamics, numerical simulations, mixed-language approach, potential flow.
The Effect of Cross-Curriculum of L1 and L2 on Elementary School Students' Linguistic Proficiency: To Sympathize with Others
This paper reports on a project to integrate Japanese (as a first language) and English (as a second language) education. This study focuses on the mutual effects of the two languages on the linguistic proficiency of elementary school students. The research team consisted of elementary school teachers and researchers at a university. The participants of the experiment were students between 3rd and 6th grades at an elementary school. The research process consisted of seven steps: 1) specifying linguistic proficiency; 2) developing the cross-curriculum of L1 and L2; 3) forming can-do statements; 4) creating a self-evaluation questionnaire; 5) executing the self-evaluation questionnaire at the beginning of the school year; 6) instructing L1 and L2 based on the curriculum; and 7) executing the self-evaluation questionnaire at the beginning of the next school year. In Step 1, the members of the research team brainstormed ways to specify elementary school students' linguistic proficiency that can be observed in various scenes. It was revealed that the teachers evaluate their students' linguistic proficiency on the basis of the students' utterances, but also informed by their non-verbal communication abilities. This led to the idea that competency for understanding others' minds through the use of physical movement or bodily senses in communication in L1 – to sympathize with others – can be transferred to that same competency in communication in L2. Based on the specification of linguistic proficiency that L1 and L2 have in common, a cross-curriculum of L1 and L2 was developed in Step 2. In Step 3, can-do statements based on the curriculum were also formed, building off of the action-oriented approach from the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) used in Europe. A self-evaluation questionnaire consisting of the main can-do statements was given to the students between 3rd grade and 6th grade at the beginning of the school year (Step 4 and Step 5), and all teachers gave L1 and L2 instruction based on the curriculum to the students for one year (Step 6). The same questionnaire was given to the students at the beginning of the next school year (Step 7). The results of statistical analysis proved the enhancement of the students' linguistic proficiency. This verified the validity of developing the cross-curriculum of L1 and L2 and adapting it in elementary school. It was concluded that elementary school students do not distinguish between L1 and L2, and that they just try to understand others' minds through physical movement or senses in any language.
Cross-curriculum of L1 and L2, elementary school education, language proficiency, sympathy with others.
Towards a Deconstructive Text: Beyond Language and the Politics of Absences in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot
Afia Shahid
The writing of Samuel Beckett is associated with meaning in the meaninglessness and the production of what he calls 'literature of unword'. The casual escape from the world of words in the form of silences and pauses, in his play Waiting for Godot, urges to ask question of their existence and ultimately leads to investigate the theory behind their use in the play. This paper proposes that these absences (silence and pause) in Beckett's play force to think 'beyond' language. This paper asks how silence and pause in Beckett's text speak for the emergence of poststructuralist text. It aims to identify the significant features of the philosophy of deconstruction in the play of Beckett to demystify the hostile complicity between literature and philosophy. With the interpretive paradigm of poststructuralism this research focuses on the text as a research data. It attempts to delineate the relationship between poststructuralist theoretical concerns and text of Beckett. Keeping in view the theoretical concerns of Poststructuralist theorist Jacques Derrida, the main concern of the discussion is directed towards the notion of 'beyond' language into the absences that are aimed at silencing the existing discourse with the 'radical irony' of this anti-formal art that contains its own denial and thus represents the idea of ceaseless questioning and radical contradiction in art and any text. This article asks how text of Beckett vibrates with loud silence and has disrupted language to demonstrate the emptiness of words and thus exploring the limitless void of absences. Beckett's text resonates with silence and pause that is neither negation nor affirmation rather a poststructuralist's suspension of reality that is ever changing with the undecidablity of all meanings. Within the theoretical notion of Derrida's Différance this study interprets silence and pause in Beckett's art. The silence and pause behave like Derrida's Différance and have questioned their own existence in the text to deconstruct any definiteness and finality of reality to extend an undecidable threshold of poststructuralists that aims to evade the 'labyrinth of language'.
Différance, language, pause, poststructuralism, silence, text.
A Cross-Cultural Approach for Communication with Biological and Non-Biological Intelligences
Thomas Schalow
This paper posits the need to take a cross-cultural approach to communication with non-human cultures and intelligences in order to meet the following three imminent contingencies: communicating with sentient biological intelligences, communicating with extraterrestrial intelligences, and communicating with artificial super-intelligences. The paper begins with a discussion of how intelligence emerges. It disputes some common assumptions we maintain about consciousness, intention, and language. The paper next explores cross-cultural communication among humans, including non-sapiens species. The next argument made is that we need to become much more serious about communicating with the non-human, intelligent life forms that already exist around us here on Earth. There is an urgent need to broaden our definition of communication and reach out to the other sentient life forms that inhabit our world. The paper next examines the science and philosophy behind CETI (communication with extraterrestrial intelligences) and how it has proven useful, even in the absence of contact with alien life. However, CETI's assumptions and methodology need to be revised and based on the cross-cultural approach to communication proposed in this paper if we are truly serious about finding and communicating with life beyond Earth. The final theme explored in this paper is communication with non-biological super-intelligences using a cross-cultural communication approach. This will present a serious challenge for humanity, as we have never been truly compelled to converse with other species, and our failure to seriously consider such intercourse has left us largely unprepared to deal with communication in a future that will be mediated and controlled by computer algorithms. Fortunately, our experience dealing with other human cultures can provide us with a framework for this communication. The basic assumptions behind intercultural communication can be applied to the many types of communication envisioned in this paper if we are willing to recognize that we are in fact dealing with other cultures when we interact with other species, alien life, and artificial super-intelligence. The ideas considered in this paper will require a new mindset for humanity, but a new disposition will prepare us to face the challenges posed by a future dominated by artificial intelligence.
Artificial intelligence, CETI, communication, culture, language.


text:
New Digital Release From The Beenes Available Now
SGN Scoops Staff January 16, 2021
New Digital Release From The Beenes
Nashville, TN – StowTown Records has announced the release of a brand new recording from The Beenes. Keep Looking Up marks the group's debut digital recording under the StowTown label. Co-produced by GMA Dove Award winning soloist TaRanda Greene, Brandon Beene and Josh Townsend, this release offers a variety of styles and sounds.
Brandon and Chrysta Beene are music veterans who possess rich musical talents. Their music ministry has afforded them the opportunity to travel for two decades. Adding their teenage daughter Savannah, The Beenes now minister as a family with these songs which highlight their journey of faith.
Keep Looking Up features ten songs including "I Can Do All Things," written by Chrysta Beene, as well as "It's Not Over," co-written by the team of Jeff Ferguson, Savannah McKee and Shara McKee. Brandon shares, "We started this project at the beginning of the pandemic and we wanted to record songs that would bring people hope, encouragement and joy. This album just feels good, like Sunday dinner at Mom's house after church! It feels happy."
Additional tunes on the project include a remake of the Israel Houghton song "Taste And See," as well as the Bill and Gloria Gaither classic, "Because He Lives." Producer TaRanda Greene expressed her excitement about the project, "Once again, with their beautiful family harmony, The Beenes are putting their stake in the ground and beginning a new era in their 20 year legacy. I am so honored to be a part of Brandon, Chrysta and Savannah's debut CD as a family. Their hearts are pure, their voices are engaging and their future is bright with God guiding their way. I can't wait for everyone to hear the new sound of The Beenes! This music will touch your heart and leave you wanting more. You will be blessed!"
With Keep Looking Up, The Beenes deliver rich harmonies and versatile musical stylings that will be enjoyed by audiences from all walks of life. Brandon concludes, "This project is a reminder to keep looking up, because our hope is in Christ."
Keep Looking Up is distributed exclusively by Provident/Sony and available at digital outlets worldwide.
Keep Looking Up Track Listing:
Unstoppable God
It's Not Over
How Big
Thank You Lord
Fallen But Forgiven
I Can Do All Things
Because He Lives
Southern Gospel NewsThe Beenes
The Mark Dubbeld Family Drop New Concept Music Video "Church By The Cotton Field".
WINTER JUBILEE REVIVAL


Picture yourself at a New Year's Eve ball. Right now you're thinking, you want me to picture myself at a ball? I haven't done laundry in a week, I only think I showered sometime yesterday, my baby is crying, my toddler is throwing things at me, and I vaguely remember what my husband looks like - and you want me to picture myself at a ball? Yes, I do. Imagine yourself at a ball. And you're dressed up, and having the time of your life, so you think. You are mingling. You are dancing with just about everyone. Everyone, that is, except the gracious host. Well, actually, what you're doing with these other people should not be considered dancing as you're stepping on their toes more than moving in a gentle, reciprocating rhythm. The host, on the other hand, has asked you to dance...in fact, you're there as his date, so the invitation to dance is an open one. But there are so many people to talk with, and so many things to do. You find yourself filling up your time with endless chatter and tasks. You are making the punch, but you realize you don't know how to make punch...you've never done it before. And you take in the fact that your dress is getting dirty and torn...well, you've never danced much before either. Not to mention alone. Dancing alone can be messy. And dangerous. And lonely.
If only you would stop and take your gaze off your dress, or your feet, or the myriad of people and things pulling at you, and lock eyes with the person who not only wants your full attention, but has been giving you his this entire time. He is ready to whisper to you how to make punch, and to keep your dress - and you- looking lovely, and to show you how to dance. And he is willing to make this experience even fuller and sweeter than you thought it could ever be. You just need to take his hand and let him lead you. You just need to join him in the dance...because he is the one who wrote the music.
Mom, are you dancing alone? Or with others besides the One who brought you? He wants to make your life sweet and secure and meaningful and more rhythmic. He has given you an open invitation to join Him in the dance of life. Will you accept His offer? This year, in the midst of all the leaves turning over, commit to let God lead you through this life. Then go in peace...and enjoy the dance.