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Q: R - dataframe with character column to json I have dataframe where 1 column is formatted as character but it is actually json. I noticed that on stackoverflow there is lot of questions related to jsons but it didn't find scenario like this.
df <- read.table(text="
              id date       paid_at    binded_at
1            107 2016-12-16 2017-06-02 2017-06-07
2            107 2017-11-27 2017-06-02 2017-06-07
3            107 2017-11-28 2017-06-02 2017-06-07
4            109 2016-11-28 2017-01-01 2017-06-07
5            109 2017-11-29 2017-01-01 2017-06-07
6            110 2017-12-04 2018-01-01 2017-06-07", header=TRUE)

Since that column is very long, I'll put it here:
df$verification
#> {"data": {"verify_client_by_params_response": {"@xmlns": "Bank of America", "verify_check": "AJDSA34&"}}}
class(df$verification)
#> list

What I want to do is parse this character to json and then create for each of that separate column, like this
df <- read.table(text="
              id date       paid_at    binded_at    @xmlns          verify_check
1            107 2016-12-16 2017-06-02 2017-06-07   Bank of America  AJDSA34&"
    , header=TRUE)

This dput() contains the complete data frame for the example:
structure(
  list(
    id = c(107L, 107L, 107L, 109L, 109L, 110L),
    date = c("2016-12-16", "2017-11-27", "2017-11-28", "2016-11-28", "2017-11-29", "2017-12-04"),
    paid_at = c("2017-06-02", "2017-06-02", "2017-06-02", "2017-01-01", "2017-01-01", "2018-01-01"),
    binded_at = c("2017-06-07", "2017-06-07", "2017-06-07", "2017-06-07", "2017-06-07", "2017-06-07"),
    verification = c(
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}"
    )
  ),
  row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"),
  class = "data.frame"
)

A: The simple version of the answer when all jsons contains the same values is as follows:
df <- read.table(text="
              id date       paid_at    binded_at
1            107 2016-12-16 2017-06-02 2017-06-07
2            107 2017-11-27 2017-06-02 2017-06-07
3            107 2017-11-28 2017-06-02 2017-06-07
4            109 2016-11-28 2017-01-01 2017-06-07
5            109 2017-11-29 2017-01-01 2017-06-07
6            110 2017-12-04 2018-01-01 2017-06-07", header=TRUE)

df$verification  <- '{"data": {"verify_client_by_params_response": {"@xmlns": "Bank of America", "verify_check": "AJDSA34&"}}}'

dt2 <- sapply(df$verification, function(x) unlist(jsonlite::fromJSON(x)$data[[1]]))
dt2 <- t(dt2)
rownames(dt2) <- NULL
dt2

cbind(df[,-5], dt2)

If jsons are different (they contain different fields) maybe this will help https://stackoverflow.com/a/52647197/10441348 (the question was about parsing xmls, not jsons, but the idea was pretty the same).

A: library(ndjson)
library(tidyverse)

structure(
  list(
    id = c(107L, 107L, 107L, 109L, 109L, 110L),
    date = c("2016-12-16", "2017-11-27", "2017-11-28", "2016-11-28", "2017-11-29", "2017-12-04"),
    paid_at = c("2017-06-02", "2017-06-02", "2017-06-02", "2017-01-01", "2017-01-01", "2018-01-01"),
    binded_at = c("2017-06-07", "2017-06-07", "2017-06-07", "2017-06-07", "2017-06-07", "2017-06-07"),
    verification = c(
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}",
      "{\"data\": {\"verify_client_by_params_response\": {\"@xmlns\": \"Bank of America\", \"verify_check\": \"AJDSA34&\"}}}"
    )
  ),
  row.names = c("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"),
  class = "data.frame"
) -> xdf

bind_cols(
  xdf,
  ndjson::flatten(xdf$verification, cls = "tbl") %>% # this completely "flattens" the JSON in the columns
    set_names(
      sapply(strsplit(colnames(x), "\\."), last) %>% # the column names are super long as a result so clean them up
        sub("@", "", ., fixed = TRUE)
    )
) %>%
  select(-verification)
##    id       date    paid_at  binded_at           xmlns verify_check
## 1 107 2016-12-16 2017-06-02 2017-06-07 Bank of America     AJDSA34&
## 2 107 2017-11-27 2017-06-02 2017-06-07 Bank of America     AJDSA34&
## 3 107 2017-11-28 2017-06-02 2017-06-07 Bank of America     AJDSA34&
## 4 109 2016-11-28 2017-01-01 2017-06-07 Bank of America     AJDSA34&
## 5 109 2017-11-29 2017-01-01 2017-06-07 Bank of America     AJDSA34&
## 6 110 2017-12-04 2018-01-01 2017-06-07 Bank of America     AJDSA34&


Parental intervention yielded a negotiated settlement. Yes, the children had to share the laptop and work together. Their respective needs could be easily accommodated through cooperation.
This small skirmish serves as an almost boundless metaphor for so many problems in the world today. On one hand, we have the possibility of cooperation, collaboration and coordinated activity. On the other, we have a quest for power, for dominion over resources so that we can proceed without regard to the interests of others.
I guess it goes all the way back to the Garden of Eden. Would we still be in paradise today if only Adam and Eve could have had a patient conversation with God?
Life always and necessarily entails conflict.
What do I mean when I use the word "conflict"? As simply and broadly as possible, to be directly engaged in conflict involves any situation in which we encounter resistance to our desires or viewpoints from people or forces beyond our control. You want to do something and behold: Something or someone is blocking your path. You believe something to be true, and look: Here is a person who thinks your belief is false. Yes, there is also the possibility for internal conflict, during which we resist our own desires and ideas through self-defeating or incoherent approaches, but I will save that discussion for another day.
Given this broad definition (and skipping the more difficult subject of internal conflict), we can see that the experience of encountering external resistance begins with our first moment of consciousness and continues until our last. As we mature and learn, we come to understand the ways in which fellow human beings (beginning, for example, with siblings and parents) can serve as allies or foes on the conflicts we experience. Our family members both aid and impede us. Our friends and acquaintances help us and sometimes become our opponents. Through education and life experience, we learn to appreciate the enormous complexity of the nested human communities we inhabit: family, organizational life, societal groupings and beyond.
Our particular relationship matrix shapes what we desire and how we see the world, helping us to achieve what we want and understand what is happening to us. At the same time, in stark contrast, that same human matrix often serves to frustrate, confuse and bewilder us. A compelling narrative drama describes our journey as we navigate the relationship matrix—friendly, opposing and, all too often, both.
The experience of conflict within human communities is like an elaborate social dance in which we either help or hinder, satisfy or stymie, assist or defeat one another. In this dance of conflict, success and failure depend on our social acumen, adeptness and adaptability. Terrific dancers are able gracefully to help others achieve their ends, build greater shared understanding and, along the way, accomplish their own desires, all while steadily increasing their field of creative engagement and competence. Less skillful dancers spend a lot of time picking themselves up from the dance floor or knocking others over, either intentionally or carelessly. When a dancer within this social assembly knocks over too many people, the crowd may eventually turn upon him or her, barring future contacts.
The origin narrative presented in Western culture's Genesis story tells us something fascinating about conflict, describing humanity's primordial failure to manage conflicting desires, resulting in a profound breakdown in our relationship with our Creator. In the dance of conflict, this remains the mother of all pratfalls.
In our fallen world, no one can evade the dance of conflict completely. To be alive is necessarily to be somewhere on the dance floor, even if only quietly on the periphery. There is no life without social life, and society always entails some level of conflict. For many, enlightenment comes in restricting and calibrating desires, and developing confidence in one's understanding of the world and the people in it, hopefully perceiving and avoiding pointless and frustrating engagements. A wise person can predict how a particular dance will unfold and may choose to step off the dance floor early, before the chaos unfolds, thinking: I know how this one ends.
The most exciting and meaningful conflicts in our lives are fundamentally creative, which occurs when we work with others to create something that we individually or collectively desire to bring into existence. We want to create because we believe our work will be beautiful, just, good or otherwise desirable in some way. Because each person has a different view of what should be created, conflict entails exploring with one another the true meaning of our shared values. (Imagine my children asking: "How can we share this computer, maybe even work together on it to learn and create?") Truth in this context does not involve scientific investigations of existing realities, but rather, forward-looking explorations of evolving human destiny. Humans have God-given creative powers and freedom, and our shared creative work calls forth our collective opportunity to advance human potential. Our collaborations can thus become a shared spiritual quest giving our lives a profound sense of creative meaning and purpose. Working through creative conflicts can deepen relationships and create powerful opportunities for learning and innovation. When we are called into such conflicts, we have the opportunity to channel divinity into the world, giving life to something greater than our individual existence.
Unfortunately, conflict is often not creative in this way. Instead, it can be territorial, focused only on the acquisition or defense of power. Territorial conflict is not immediately about constructively shaping and bringing forth what is beautiful, good and just. Instead, it involves enhancing our power as individuals or in groups competing against one another for what we perceive to be scarce resources.
Territorial conflicts are about dominion and control: offensive or defensive. Offensive conflicts occur when we seek to seize control by force where someone else currently has or shares control. (Think of my son: "That's my computer.") Defensive conflicts occur when we seek to preserve our own control against someone else's efforts to dominate us. (Think of my daughter: "Hey, that's not your computer.") When we are weak or lack resources, territorial conflicts may seem unavoidable or somehow necessary to the preservation or enhancement of our power. When we fear losing our power, we may engage in territorial conflicts as a strategy to preserve our autonomy. People who engage in territorial conflicts often seek power for its own sake, rather than for what they can create with it.
The experience of territorial conflict may cause us to think about other human beings not as collaborative creators, but rather as obstacles, property or instruments to gain power or preserve it. In this sense, territorial conflicts can cause us to dehumanize and objectify others. No one is entirely immune from engagement in some level of territorial conflict because all creators require some territory, some power, in order to create and to be able to engage in creative processes and conflicts. Every creature with dignity requires some province of freedom from others. But sometimes territorial conflicts become an overriding obsession within human communities. Power becomes its own end, with greed and paranoia attendant. For an example of this process in action, observe any U.S. presidential election cycle.
Also, territorial conflict often entails the assumption that there is one special, all powerful, preordained person who should make all the decisions for a group because he or she is better, stronger, smarter and wiser than everyone else. In this way, the territorial conflict itself may be thought to ratify the hegemony of the leader, specifying the one who deserves to be crowned as "the decider." A few moments of patient reflection usually reveals the silliness of this idea, which drives much organizational life despite its obvious shortcomings. I explore the general problem in my book, Genership, referenced at the end of this essay, calling this dysfunctional notion "The Messiah Fallacy," the idea that there is one God-like person who should control everything. When territorial conflict obsesses about who should have the power to decide, as opposed to what the decision should be, it may become what we call "fallacy-driven conflict": a fight over who is the messiah rather than a productive conflict about what we choose to create together.
The pursuit of power as an end in itself diminishes those engaged in the pursuit. The loving relationships that we create with others give our lives the greatest meaning and pleasure. The pursuit of power through territorial conflicts reduces the number and quality of the loving relationships that surround us. We risk gaining capacity and strength without meaning or purpose, the proverbial process of acquiring the world at the expense of our souls.
As we think about conflict, we should welcome and not fear creative conflicts. While we need not seek creative conflict for its own sake, we nevertheless should embrace the inquiry, learning and deepening of relationships that we discover through exploring and working through creative conflicts as they occur naturally within our collaborations.
When we experience territorial conflicts, however, we should stop and ask ourselves: Am I truly threatened in this conflict as a creator? Do I need the power that I am seeking to take or defend, or is there another way? Can I transform this territorial conflict into a creative conflict by collaborating with those seeking or defending their power at this moment? Can I invite my opponent to join with me in a creative relationship and process?
Creative conflict feels different than territorial conflict. It is satisfying, productive and positive. It allows for new learning. It strengthens our relationships. In contrast, territorial conflict is not pleasant. It exposes us to risk and danger; it causes us to become either the oppressor or the oppressed. It makes us mean and selfish rather than loving and generous. What are some simple strategies to reframe territorial conflicts as creative?
First, ask yourself: What are you trying to create? If the answer is power, influence, recognition, control or values similar to these, it is time to go deeper. Power for what? Influence for what? What do you want to be recognized for? If you want control, how do you want to use that control? To what end? Serving what purpose?
As you think about these questions, also ask yourself this: Whom do you value in terms of what you want to create? Are you creating only for yourself or are you trying to create beauty, justice and goodness that others will enjoy, too? If you are only trying to please yourself, then you are going to end up failing, because true joy is found within the loving relationships that we create with others.
Answering these questions will re-establish creativity directed outward towards others as a dominant value within your consciousness.
When you know what you want to create and why you want to create it, then you are in a strong position to engage in creative conflict. Invite interactions with others that shape, develop and test your creative desires. How can others help you refine and achieve your creative dreams? How can you help others do this? Undoubtedly, this process of collaboration will reveal many points of tension and difference. These conflicts will be exciting, stimulating and meaningful.
It will not always be possible to reframe territorial conflict as creative conflict, but we can try. And every time we succeed, we have the chance to begin again, to take one step toward that paradise we lost long ago. Just imagine my children sharing one laptop computer: smiling, laughing, creating a story together.
My book on changemaking, leadership and creativity further explores these topics: Genership 1.0: Beyond Leadership Toward Liberating the Creative Soul.


Shares of the fast-casual burger chain sold off after its earnings report missed the mark on some key metrics.
Shares of Shake Shack Inc. (NYSE:SHAK) were sliding today after the fast-casual burger chain posted weaker-than-expected comparable sales and a disappointing outlook in its third-quarter earnings report. Despite the company's beating estimates on top and bottom lines, the stock was still trading down 13.6% as of 12:11 p.m. EDT.
Shake Shack's revenue jumped 26.5% to $119.6 million in the period, beating estimates of $116.8 million, though that growth was driven by new restaurants rather than comparable sales. Same-store sales dipped 0.7% (missing estimates of 1.1% growth) as guest traffic dropped 4% in the quarter, a potential warning sign. But higher prices and a change in sales mix offset it by 3.3%.
Restaurant-level operating margin slipped from 25.8% to 27.2%, as labor costs continue to creep higher and the company opens lower-volume stores in new markets.
On the bottom line, adjusted earnings per share increased from $0.17 to $0.21, which easily beat estimates of $0.13, continuing a historical pattern of earnings beats. CEO Randy Garutti sounded optimistic about the performance, saying: "We're pleased to report that Shake Shack's overall growth remains strong as we head into the end of 2018."
Looking ahead, Shake Shack actually raised its full-year revenue forecast to $450 million to $452 million, up from a previous range of $446 million to $450 million, but still short of the analyst consensus of $453.4 million. Management did not give detailed guidance for 2019, but said it would open another 36 to 40 company-operated restaurants; this would grow the base by about 30%, indicating another year of strong growth.
Shake Shack trades at a lofty valuation, at a price-to-earnings ratio of over 60 even after today's sell-off; that may explain today's slide as much as anything else, as high expectations are baked into the price. While the quarter's comparable-sales figures, especially traffic, may have been disappointing, the overall growth story remains intact. Still, Shake Shack shares are likely to remain volatile given the pricey valuation.


Lots of people head off to America every year for their annual holiday. Many people fall in love with one destination and continue to visit year after year, while others like to go somewhere new each time. But what if you could visit more than one place on the same holiday? Multi-centre holidays to the USA give you exactly that option. Why stay in one place when you can visit two or more on the same trip?
For those who have gone for a multi-centre trip in the past, places like Los Angeles and San Francisco have been popular options, but many people don't even entertain the idea of going interstate. Las Vegas, Nevada is a common bolt-on for holidaymakers checking out California, but would these people consider going further to say, New York or Washington D.C.?
The USA is huge and every state has something dramatically different to offer, so why not make the most of it and visit a couple or even three different destinations during your holiday? Renting a car or RV (recreational vehicle) to drive down Route 66 is one method of fitting in several states, but pre-arranged tours and internal flights are other options available that continue to increase in popularity. If you want to see it all, a multi-centre trip to America really is the best way to do it.
When you book a USA multi-centre trip, you'll soon discover that the combinations of destinations are endless. You will easily find yourself booking to visit places that you may not have previously even considered. Perhaps you had never given much thought to seeing the fall in New England, but if you're planning to visit the Big Apple, New England is only a five-hour drive away. Rent a car or book a connecting flight and experience the local culture, stunning scenery and a completely different America to the one that awaits you in New York City.
Perhaps you've always been a sun-worshipper and frequented the Florida Keys to top up your tan each year. Why not team a few days there with an action-packed break in Los Angeles as well? You'll have a sun-drenched holiday, complete with sightseeing, shopping and something a little different – a unique holiday that you'll treasure for a lifetime.
Or how about the Deep South? Considered by many as the soul of America, the likes of Tennessee and Louisiana are famed for both their music and food, as well as a rich history. You can spend time visiting Graceland and the New Orleans School of Cooking, as well as taking a river cruise on a Mississippi Steamer. Then, head on up to the cosmopolitan city of Chicago to check out the Chicago Blues nightlife, the Sears Tower Skydeck and shop on the Magnificent Mile. You really will get an eye-opening tour of the musical heart of America.
If you book a holiday to just one destination, it stands to reason that your holiday activities can be limited to those available in your chosen destination. But have you considered, for example, that you could book a winter break and ski for the first half then relax on a warm beach in California or Hawaii before returning home? How about exploring the unspoiled wonders of nature in the National Parks then living it up in Las Vegas or shop-til-you-drop in Chicago, New York or Los Angeles? Opting for a multi-centre trip, things are blown wide open. Not only do you get to do the sightseeing in completely different cities, but you also get to embrace the contrasting cultures along the way.
Multi-centre trips will give you a whole different perspective on your annual holiday and allow you to tick more places off of your destination bucket list as well. Why sample the local cuisine of one city, when you can tick off three instead? These sorts of holidays mean you don't quite know what's coming next and you can have some of the most wonderful adventures of your life.
USA multi-centre trips are an increasingly popular choice for honeymooners as well, and with good reason. If you both have somewhere ideal in mind that you want to visit and just can't seem to completely agree, a honeymoon that features different destinations is the perfect compromise. You can do the busy sightseeing in the cities of New York, Las Vegas, San Francisco or Washington D.C. and finish off with a relaxing week on the beautiful beaches of Miami, Los Angeles or Hawaii. With a combination like that, who can argue? You're guaranteed to have the honeymoon of a lifetime.
And if you're just booking your annual holiday? Well, if you can please everyone, then all the better. So what are you waiting for? Next time you start browsing for holidays to America, take a cross-section of different places across the United States and go for something totally different. We guarantee it'll be one of the best holidays of your life.
Theresa Young is Bon Voyage's own resident American and our Business Development Manager. She has lived in the UK for 15 years and this is her perspective on the Queen's Jubilee………with, of course, a Yankee twist!
Where Will You Get Your Holiday Kicks in 2015?
It's a bit early in the year to be declaring a winner, but the current leader of the pack for top American holiday pick for seasoned travellers for 2014 is a Route 66 roadtrip. In this video our very own Theresa Young, American-in-residence at Bon Voyage and Route 66 expert talks about the Route itself, where it goes and what there is to see along the way.
So will you be making 2015 the year of the Great American Route 66 Roadtrip?
on some of the new ideas and happenings for holidays this year to the USA and Canada.
Our Route 66 holidays go from strength to strength. Since the Billy Connolly TV series last year we have been inundated with people wishing to make this most famous of all American road trips from Chicago to Los Angeles. For me one of the great attractions of the trip is that it begins in the great city of Chicago, with its music influences, chequered history and amazing architecture and finishes in the fabulous California beach resort of Santa Monica, of Baywatch fame. Add to the mix the nostalgia of the sights and scenes along the way, the opportunity to take detours to the Grand Canyon and Las Vegas and it has all the makings of a truly wonderful adventure.
For many, a road trip is all about your wheels and this is where we have exciting news. For the first time we're able to offer the iconic Ford Mustang convertible as a guaranteed option on Route 66. I should emphasise that the Mustang is a two person experience but there's nothing quite like an open top on the open road. Well I say there's nothing like it but actually our next option is Route 66 on a Harley Davidson motorbike, or even a trike like the one Billy Connolly rode in the TV series. We will tailor-make your own journey or we can arrange for you to join a group departure. Give us a call for all the details and prices.
Other new or nearly new thoughts for your next Bon Voyage holiday include a bicycling tour in New England, log cabin stays in the Great Smoky Mountains or maybe one of the great North American rail journeys. For me there is nothing to beat the thrill of a trip like the Coast Starlight journey all the way from Southern California and up through Oregon and into Washington State. There are the dramatic snow-covered peaks of the Cascade Range and Mount Shasta, lush forests, fertile valleys and long stretches of Pacific Ocean shoreline. Having feasted on the views by day and dined well you retire to your very comfortable sleeping car and awake to the drama of Puget Sound and arrival into the superb city of Seattle. Magical.
Finally let me mention some important information for those of you planning a holiday to North America in the near future. Right now and until close of business next Tuesday 24th January our prices are based on air fares that have been reduced by up to £200 per person.
for British Airways, Virgin, United, American – in fact almost all the big TransAtlantic airlines.
trip but if you have reached or are close to deciding your travel plans for this year, it will make sense to speak to us in the next few days.
The team are waiting to help so call us free on 0800 980 7091 or email Bon Voyage.
Happy New Year to you from everyone at Bon Voyage.
Bon Voyage Director, Phil Newcombe, revisits Washington D.C. for the first time in more than a decade to see what all the fuss is about. He discovers that things certainly "ain't what the used to be".


You just can't beat homemade lasagna layered with piles of noodles, meat, and cheese. This rich and zesty sausage lasagna is a family tradition with a surprise ingredient no one can resist!
I love the way that word rolls off the tongue.
Nothing but warm fuzzy feelings could possibly fill your heart, upon hearing there's going to be lasagna for dinner.
Homemade lasagna has been a family favorite on both sides of our family for years. But I'll never forget the first time I made it with a life-altering ingredient.
Right after Lt. Dan and I got married, we went to Indiana to visit his family.
In an effort to make myself useful (and endearing) to my new mother-in-law, I offered to help prepare dinner every chance I got. Dan's mom Sue, is an exceptional cook and I only hoped I wouldn't do something silly and embarrass myself.
One evening, homemade lasagna was on the menu.
We prepared a thick hearty meat sauce and let it gently simmer on the stove top. We boiled the noodles and laid them on clean tea towels. When it was time to assemble the lasagna, I looked in the fridge for the necessary cheeses but could not find ricotta.
Sue informed me that their family didn't use ricotta cheese in homemade lasagna.
Cream cheese in sausage lasagna? I couldn't imagine lasagna without ricotta.
That is, until I tasted it.
A Flavor Tidal Wave of Epic Proportion.
Once you've added cream cheese to homemade lasagna, there is no turning back to ricotta.
This homemade lasagna recipe is essentially my mother-in-law's recipe with three heaping layers of noodles, thick sausage-based meat sauce, and a 3 cheese blend. Sue taught me to mix mozzarella, parmesan, and silky cream cheese to create the perfect combination of salty goodness, and creamy texture.
This is a magnificent sausage lasagna recipe.
Traditional Sausage Lasagna with Cream Cheese.
Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. In a large sauce pan, brown the sausage over medium heat, breaking into small pieces with a wooden spoon. Once the meat is fully cooked, add the marinara and simmer for 10 minutes.
Boil the noodles in a large pot of salty water, according to package instructions. Remove the noodles and lay them out on a clean dish towel.
Start assembling the lasagna: One large scoop of meat sauce on the bottom, 3-4 noodles across (cream cheese side up), 1/3 of the mozzarella and parmesan. Repeat. After the third layer of noodles with cream cheese, pour the rest of the sauce over the noodles before adding the last layer of the mozzarella and parmesan. Sprinkle the top with Italian Seasoning.
Bake uncovered for 20-30 minutes—until the cheese is toasty and the sides are bubbling. Wait at least 10 minutes before cutting. Lasagna (as well as many other favorite pasta dishes) is considered better the second day. If making this ahead, Cover well, refrigerate, and bake for 40-50 minutes to heat through!
I can never make a lasagna again without using cream cheese…MIND BLOWING! This is the only lasagna recipe I use.
I am a father of 3 and Step Dad of 3 ages 9 to 19, all of which are athletes. We have to double most recipes to make enough food for 8. This is a tricky task because if the kids don't like it my wife and I have leftovers for days and days. I made this lasagna yesterday and let it sit on for a few hours before baking. We had 2 boys at baseball, 2 girls at volleyball, 1 girl coaching volleyball, Mom watching volleyball and I took the 9 year old to shoot hoops after the lasagna was done being prepped. I served the dish with my secret homemade garlic cheese bread and guess what? The lasagna got crushed! It was plenty of food and 4 of the kids had seconds. The 19 year old picked out the cream cheese difference right away. The only thing I changed was using 1 lb mild and 1 lb hot Italian sausage to give it a touch more complexity. This will be the go to lasagna recipe from now on. What a great idea your MIL had! From the real life Brady Bunch.
Summer, where is the homemade marinara sauce recipe? I couldn't find it. Ron.
Can you cook this is a crock pot? If so how long?
Forgive me for asking…there aren't any seasonings listed besides italian seasoning. Most other recipes have oregano, basil and garlic, etc. I'm a retired military guy so I'm not a culinary wiz.
Hi John, I just meant for you to use the herb blend "Italian Seasoning" you can find at most grocery stores. It's usually a mix of oregano, basil, rosemary, and marjoram.
You are the woman!!! I made it this weekend and it turned out great! I made a few errors but the final results were phenominal. I cooked the noodles too long and had to microwave the cream cheese to get it softer but it came out perfect. Thank you.
Have you ever tried freezing this and then baking it? If so how would you alter the directions?
I love this! I love lasagna but I HATE ricotta cheese. I've tried to use fresh mozzarella or parmesan before but the moisture was off and so the noodles dried out. This is perfect. Making this tonight.
My mom always swore by cream cheese in mashed potatoes. I love cream cheese but I never did get around to that one. It's okay. I kind of like my mashed potatoes tasting kind of like potatoes.
What size box of lasagna noodles do I get?
Cream cheese? Sheer luscious brilliance.
THIS LASAGNA IS AMAZING! I only made half of it to begin, because I was not sure how it would turn out. My family INHALED IT and were looking around like, "Is that all?!?" They have been asking me to make this again, and I will do so this week.
I know this is super old but hopefully someone will come across this comment & have an answer for me……will replacing the sausage with ground beef change anything? I want to make this for my toddler & I'm breastfeeding so I'm worried may be a little to spicy for my babies. Also, I'm wanting to sneak in some veggies (zucchini, squash, etc…your usual lasagna veggies). Will I need to alter cook time, temp, or anything else if I make these adjustments?
Hi Meagan, Swap away! Of course it will lose a little flavor, but will still taste wonderful.
I would add some extra Italian seasoning to the ground meat and maybe some garlic. That should pump up the flavour.
One day I was in search of a lasagna recipe that didn't have ricotta or cottage cheese. I stumbled across this recipe and I was super exited! I made it that night and it has been my go to lasagna recipe ever since. I absolutely love the combination of cheeses with the Italian sausage. Just a few days ago I made two pans of lasagna for my family for Christmas, all ages loved it! I wanted to thank you for sharing the recipe and let you know how yummy and amazing we all think it is. Thanks much!
Thanks so much Alexis. I'm glad your family enjoyed it!
I made this recipe for my boys and they said it was the best lasagna they had ever tasted. I agree – it was outstanding. I diced green pepper and added it in to each layer. It added a nice crunch to the lasagna. Thanks for the recipe!
Thanks Tim, so glad you liked it!
I love this idea! I use sour cream in my baked ziti, so naturally cream cheese could only be better!
Thanks Deb. So glad you like it!
Just thought I would comment on cream cheese in lasagna from the perspective of someone who doesn't really like cream cheese, other than on a bagel with smoked salmon. However, I like almost all other cheeses so the idea of using cream cheese instead of ricotta intrigued me and I decided I probably wouldn't hate it.
So over the weekend I made a simple lasagna based on your recipe, using a mix as sausage, ground beef and ground pork in a tomato base, and with one layer ricotta and another with cream cheese. Both cheese layers I sprinkled with shredded mozzarella and parmesan.
The lasagna turned out pretty good. The cream cheese layer added a nice tang when eaten together with the other layers, but I did not like it as much on its own (you know how multi-layered lasagnas usually topple over…). It also still looked like cream cheese – like a processed cheese product, keeping all of its "wrinkles", so that grossed me out a little. But that's just me. Overall, glad I tried it, but not sure I would add the cream cheese again.
I've made this several times since discovering it on this blog, the cream cheese always makes it delicious!
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What happened to your link to the homemade sauce? It was delicious!
Hi Pam, Maybe it disappeared when my site was remodeled. I just added it back in!
Do you think you can use the Italian seasoning for dressing on the top??? Can't wait to try this!
I made this for dinner last week and it was amazing. My boyfriend had one bite and declared it the best lasagna he's ever had in his life. He liked it so much that he asked that we make this for Christmas dinner this year. Thanks for the great recipe!
Oh my oh my! I pinned this about a week ago and my mother was craving lasagna so I told her I had a recipe for her to try and sure enough this is AMAZING! Like the best recipe ever! I will NEVER need a lasagna recipe ever again! Thank you so much for sharing and tell your MIL we women thank her!
Do you REALLY mean two QUARTS of marinara sauce?
It's never occurred to me to put cream cheese in lasagne but it makes perfect sense!
This looks so easy Sommer – I'd never think to use cream cheese either.
I'm officially extending an invitation to come over for dinner…oh and can you bring this? WOW. Drooling.
Wow, that was not a secret I was anticipating. Like you, I couldn't imagine it without ricotta but from your high praise, I have to try it. Alexis is probably going to look at me crosseyed when I suggest it, ha ha.
We have always, always used a mixture of cream cheese and ricotta in our lasagna and manicotti recipes. SO good! I need this for dinner!
So trying this — yummo!
What a delicious recipe! I simply adore lasagna but I always have a problem when I prepare it! I can stop eat them :).
I could seriously eat this ENTIRE dish, even if the heartburn kills me.
I think cream cheese makes total sense! I'll have to give this a try.
This looks so good. I thought it was crazy when I switched from ricotta to cottage cheese. Now I am going to try this!
Mmm… That both looks and sounds delicious!
Looks delicious. I think the cream cheese idea is a good one. I'm from Germany, and in Europe I don't know a single person who makes Lasagna with ricotta cheese (including all my Italian friends). Everyone makes it with a bechamel sauce, which I love, but it's extra time. So, cream cheese sounds like a quick and delicious option since it usually pairs well with tomato sauce stuff.
I never would have thought of cream cheese, but I could DEFINITELY see how it'd be great in lasagna. The added tang probably gives it such a unique flavor. Lasagna has been one of my favorite meals since I was a kid and I'll be trying your recipe next time lasagna's on our menu!
My seven year old was just begging for lasagna the other day. I love that you use cream cheese. I have used it with mozzarella and parmesan to fill ravioli but I never thought to try it in lasagna. I'm inspired!
Your beautiful photos make me want to make this lasagna. It looks super juicy and delicious!
What a cute newlywed story! Thanks for sharing it w us, Sommer.
Cream cheese has a lot more flavour and a beautiful smooth texture.
How interesting! I've never heard of cream cheese in lasagna, but I can almost imagine the silkiness that it must add. Gotta give this a try!
My Italian grandmother is rolling in her grave. But I totally want to try it!
Do you use full fat cream cheese or is the 1/3 less fat kind an ok substitute? I know from experience that sometimes it's ok to substitute, but sometimes it's not so just wondering if you tried it!
Love those perfect layers, so pretty. I am so trying cream cheese in my lasagne!
YUM! I bet that gave it a great creamy taste and a little zip, too. I always found ricotta to be a bit bland. Great recipe!
You can't really beat homemade lasagna, can you??
Love this idea, it looks so good girl – now I have a craving for it.
My sil puts cream cheese in her lasagna too, so I throw some in occasionally! it's makes it so creamy and rich! GREAT recipe and beautiful pictures Sommer!
I've never tried cream cheese in lasagna but what a fab idea!
I adore cream cheese in lasagna…I am just not a fan of ricotta or cottage cheese (at all) so I refuse to put either in lasagna. But cream cheese, totally on board. Love this Sommer!
I cannot wait to try this. It looks amazing!
Such a tempting lasagna! Love the sausage + cream cheese in there!
This looks delicious. And, may i just say your blog is amazing and your pictures are wonderful.
Yum! We use cottage cheese instead of ricotta…can't wait to try this!
OH YUM!! This sounds insanely good!
My favorite baked ziti recipe calls for sour cream in place of the ricotta. Cream cheese is the next logical step … yum!
Love your lasagna photos; nice job! Lasagna is my nemesis when it comes to photographing it.
I love this recipe! Totally pinning!
Cream cheese in lasagna?! Now THAT is one I've never heard of before! But I can see how it would be SO good!
pinning this for next week – i'm intrigued by the cream cheese! although none of your recipes have ever let me down, so i'm sure it's going to be life-changing!
Oh wow this looks amazing! My husband is going to want me to make this ASAP.
I could eat lasagna every day and be a happy camper!
covered or uncovered at that point?
Hi Pat! Bake at 375 for 40-50 minutes. Only covered if you feeling the cheese is starting to get too crisp. Happy Cooking!
OMG..Cream Cheese that is totally brilliant!!!!
This looks amazing, Sommer! Perfect for these chilly fall days.
I love lasagna, but the funny thing is that I have never made it outside of my parents house. I must associate it with being with my family. This looks lovely!
I am a firefighter, and we make this at work all the time… it is amazingly good! They always make it with 'firehouse bread', which is garlic bread with ranch dressing on top, then tomato slices and cheese. :) Not great for your waistline but soo worth it!


text:
/**
 * Copyright 2012/09-2013/04, University of Massachusetts Amherst
 * Copyright 2013/05-Present, IPSoft Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.googlecode.clearnlp.dependency.factory;

/**
 * @since 2.0.0
 * @author Jinho D. Choi ({@code jdchoi77@gmail.com})
 */
public interface IDEPNodeDatum
{
	int    getID();
	String getForm();
	String getLemma();
	String getPOS();
	String getFeats();
	String getNamedEntity();
	String getSyntacticHead();
	String getSemanticHeads();

	void setID(int id);
	void setForm(String form);
	void setLemma(String lemma);
	void setPOS(String pos);
	void setFeats(String feats);
	void setNamedEntity(String namedEntity);
	void setSyntacticHead(String syntacticHead);
	void setSemanticHeads(String semanticHeads);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Delhi Police registers FIR against lewd remarks on Dhoni & Virat Kohli's daughters
Delhi Police filed a formal complaint against unnamed individuals. The FIR was for a string of inappropriate comments about former Indian captain MS Dhoni and Virat Kohli's daughters.
The complaint was filed After DCW chief Swati Maliwal pleaded with the authorities to act quickly against the internet bullies. The indecent and disgusting images of Ziva Dhoni and Vamika Kohli that appeared last week have been reported to the authorities.
Following these events, DCW chief Swati Maliwal was incensed and pleaded with the police to take fair action. The plea was against those who were jeopardizing the name of the Indian cricket players by targeting their families.
"Some accounts are posting pictures of the daughters of two senior players of the country, Virat Kohli and (MS) Dhoni, on Twitter and making lewd comments. Disgusting comments about two-year-old and seven-year-old girls. If you don't like a player, will you abuse his daughter? Issuing notice to police to register FIR,"
the tweet by the chief read.
DWC plea accepted by Delhi Police to register a complaint against lewd comments on Dhoni & Virat Kohli's daughters
As a result of her outburst on the microblogging platform, Delhi police filed a FIR against the offenders. The head of DCW was worried about the safety of the cricketer's families, especially their kids, who were being unfairly attacked by trolls on social media accounts.
"Nowadays, it is seen that often trolls openly make lewd remarks about the wife of any celebrity or cricketer, even their two and seven-year-old daughters are not spared. They write wrong things about them on social media and abuse them. This has become a trend these days.
"If someone does not like a cricketer or celebrity, then he should not watch him. However, some people target his family and make lewd comments about his little girl and wife, which is not right at all. Small girls, even a seven-year-old girl is not safe,"
the DCW chief was quoted as saying by the press.
Swati thought people should quit watching or following celebrities they didn't like, but she thought it was completely inappropriate to target their families.
Freedom of speech is not to defame anyone but to express your views without harming anyone's sentiments. Thus, legal actions for such miscreants' activities are necessary to show people the right path.
There have been haters of celebrities but no one has the right to abuse their families.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Despite my best intentions, it has been hard to publish a blog post once a week. I could put in a weak effort (get it?) and publish something of little substance simply to fill my quota. But I rather not do that.
Today's post is about my experience as a startup founder and early-employee.
"Startup" is a really broad term. Not just because startups come to fruition in various ways (i.e. Serial entrepreneur injects millions of dollars into a new company to accelerate its growth from day one Vs. Novice and underfunded entrepreneur bootstraps his/her business and goes 1+ years without any revenue) but also because they are in different industries.
There are, however, certain characteristics that define a Startup regardless of its early history and industry. This is a definition, as you'll likely infer, that comes from Silicon Valley culture.
A startup is a company that is trying to develop a novel and repeatable business model that scales well. Check out the bottom of this post for more info if you're interested.
Now that we have a clear definition of the term "startup", we can talk about life within one from different points of view.
Being a startup founder at a young age is an interesting experience. You have idols such as Paul Graham who place the naive twenty-something technologist on a pedestal, telling you how rewarding a startup can be. His romantacising essays have definitely influenced myself and many others to take the plunge.
As the founder of a startup, you have to have deeply-held convictions about your business and its purpose. You have to believe in a future that no one thinks is sane or even viable. This is particularly tough to handle if you've never started a company with such high ambitions. Having deeply-held convictions about your business means that you have to be emotionally ready to cope with the company's volatile early life.
Herein lies one of the larger setbacks for first-time founders such as myself: Being that I was quite new to starting a business, let alone a business with the aim of disrupting an industry, it was unlikely that I'd see things through. It's just simple statistics. But the media makes this experience out to be a fun walk down the yellow brick road. It's not. And if you don't have connections to investors or don't have a respectable founding team with legitimate qualifications (legitimate enough for an investor to take you seriously) then you're really going to struggle. In startups, it's just as much about what you know as it is about who you know.
"Starting a startup" is not as easy as reading a book or two (or three) and then applying what you've learned. If it were that easy then everyone would be starting a startup. As mentioned before, the media has romanticized the endeavour. There's a disconnect with people and the expectations they should have going into it. Not to mention that survivorship bias tints our already-rose-tinted-glasses. We constantly hear success story after success story in the news, but there's rarely any mention of the countless others who thought they had made it only to fall short of the limelight.
My suggestion to those who are considering starting a startup is to first get experience at a high growth company. This isn't new advice but I believe it's the best advice a young ambitious entrepreneurial technologist could hear. It's better to own a small piece of a large pie than a large piece of a small pie. Turns out most startups are minuature pies.
Once you've worked alongside a seasoned entrepreneur within a fast-growing company you'll get a feel for how things should be run. In turn, you'll be better prepared to start that unicorn you've always wanted to start.
This leads me to another lesson I learned: Stop trying to start a startup.
If you are a curious and observant person, you'll eventually come across an opportunity to start something innovative. Until then, focus on more altruistic endeavours. More often than not, revolutionary companies come about by stumbling upon unique ideas (or ideas from unique perspectives) and acting upon them. It happens organically. Looking back at Bill Gates, he probably didn't have a business plan (and if he did, it likely went out the window real quick as he realized how many wrong assumptions he had made). There's no question of the man's ambition from the outset, but it took him some time and luck to organically arrive at the opportunities before him. I struggle to imagine Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, etc, sitting in front of a desk with a business model canvas analyzing their various business ideas and then deciding to go with the one that the model stated was most likely to succeed.
Stumbling upon startup ideas organically is a healthier approach to entrepreneurship. And this approach to founding startups captures the essence of capitalism really well - the founders of legendary companies capitalized on the unique opportunities presented before them.
So until you're presented with a unique idea, enjoy your life and don't stress it. Your opportunity will come. Keep your eyes peeled. Stay foolish. Stay hungry.
"Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." is a quote that Steve Jobs took from The Whole Earth Catalogue.
My first foray into the world of startups was during an internship in 2014 at a small Toronto startup. The experience was odd (for reasons I can get into in another blog post), but I realized that I wanted to work with open-minded people looking to start interesting companies. Especially considering I had previously worked at two different monolithic companies with 100 year-old histories. After this internship, I thought I'd give starting my own startup a go.
Long story short; it didn't work out. But I would do it again in a heartbeat as it took me down a very interesting road (read here and here for more info).
At this point, I hadn't yet realized how valuable it might be to apprentice under an experienced team of entrepreneurs.
By the end of August 2016, I was stressed out, exhausted, broke, and lacking a general sense of direction with another company I was trying to start. My term at the Next 36 was coming to an end and I had to decide what to do with my life. Despite being absolutely depleted, I knew I wanted to continue on this road. Given my strong resentment of the education system, I would not allow myself to return back to school. Thankfully, after chatting with a former Next 36er who had just recently founded a company, I was given the opportunity to help out to whatever extent possible.
And here I am, as a Full-Stack engineer at Homigo. It's been a hell of a ride, but I couldn't be more certain that this was the right thing for me to do.
I've learned so much since I started in August, both from a software development role and also a managerial role. But life as one of the first employees at Homigo (or any startup, really) isn't perfect.
Maybe I'm being a little paranoid but I know that options-based compensation is laden with caveats that are not communicated to employees.
To be clear; this is not to say I'm unhappy in any way. Nor do I want to come off as greedy, especially in the face of the opportunities that Homigo has provided me. But there is an opportunity cost to doing what I'm doing. I wouldn't be putting in so many hours if I didn't believe in the long-term vision of the company and didn't find the work to be highly engaging.
But I do expect fair compensation and want to express my thoughts regarding this topic especially since so many early employees have been misled before me.
It's important to have a very good understanding of your compensation structure when joining an early-stage startup company. Know how options really work and what alternatives (such as RSU's) are out there. It's not as simple as reading in your contract that you'll have x% of Company in y years.
The other piece of advice I would give is to be prepared to negotiate. Founders and employees' incentives aren't always aligned, and so if you simply accept the first offer you're given you may be getting much less equity compensation than you deserve.
Part of the compensation I attain is also in the form of endless learning opportunities and the ability to influence the trajectory of the business. But this is no argument to forgo tangible compensation in the form of equity or greater salary.
Besides my concerns for my long-term compensation, there's the pressure of meeting tight deadlines and the ensuing long work days. But that's not much of an issue when you're passionate about what you're doing, and are surronded by happy and ambitious people.
Homigo has quadrupled in size since January (We've gone from 2 employees to 8!). I can't go into too much detail about our progress, but things are going quite well.
This company has the right ingredients to become enormous. Only time will tell where things go.
A new restaurant is not considered a "startup". There's nothing new or unique about [traditional] restaurants. A startup is trying to go about solving a problem in a unique way. So unique, in fact, that oftentimes new industries get created altogether as a consequence of the startup becoming successful. Bill Gates and Microsoft were the pioneers of the software industry in a time when nobody thought there was money to be made in the code that ran computers.
Paraphrasing Steve Blank here, "Startups may get orders that stem from board members' customer relationships, engineering one-offs, or heroic single-shot efforts by the CEO. These are great, but they aren't repeatable by a sales organization. Search not for the one-off revenue hits but rather for a pattern that can be replicated by a sales organization selling off a price list or by customers regularly visiting the website."
From Quora, "'Repeatable' refers to the ability to get recurring revenue or repeat sales from each customer. Apple gets this from repeated iPhone purchases; Amazon from ongoing sales of many products; Facebook from ongoing usage that drives ad revenue."
If you create a product that a user loves but only needs to purchase once, then you might be in trouble. Other than real estate and big ticket items, it's tough to make a successful business around one-time-purchase businesses. This is actually a big reason why Planned Obsolescence is important to businesses.
I also recently learned that online dating businesses face a similar problem. Once you find your soulmate, there's no reason to go back and use the service again. This is why online dating websites game their system to keep you searching for your match for longer.
Refers to the ability to serve many customers profitably. If you have a unique and repeatable business model that cannot scale then you just end up with a nice small business - not to say there's anything wrong with that. The problem that may arise from such a company, however, is that its uniqueness might also be its weakness: Other business owners might notice your creative approach to serving customers and replicate your business. Seeing that you don't have much marketshare, your competitors might end up cannabilizing your sales.
Another problem with a non-scalable startup is that its uniqueness might mean that the business has unusually high operational expenses, or Cost of Goods Sold. If you produce something unique, then you might not have the same amount of options for sourcing the materials or tools you need to produce your product / service.
Thus scaling is important to ensure the livelihood of the business.
From Quora, "VCs invest in repeatable, scalable business models because that is the most promising formula for exponential growth." In other words, VCs invest in these sorts of businesses with the expectation that they'll be scaled out immensely in order to have a high return on investment.


Back during my FY1 medicine attachment, I had the pleasure of looking after Mr C, a Chinese gentleman in his eighties, on the Stroke rehabilitation ward of our DGH. Not only had he had a stroke, he was also very deaf and only spoke Mandarin. His daughter managed to communicate with him by putting her mouth 0.01mm from his left ear and shouting as loud as she could. The other three patients in the bay always really enjoyed this. Loud Chinese shouting goes down well with demented and delirious old men.
Unfortunately during his short time with us (no, in the "he was eventually discharged" way, he's not dead), Mr C suffered the black stool, possibly due to his aspirin. As such, it was decided he should pop down to endoscopy for an OGD. Of course, it's not right to gain consent through a family-member-interpreter, so a real life professional was called in.
A tall slender mid 50s Chinese man arrived on the ward to help consent Mr C with the consultant on the ward round. Unfortunately the interpreter had a disappointing quality: he was meek. I don't just mean shy, I don't just mean quiet, I mean meek. The conversation began. Mr C saw a Chinese person, heard some sort of quiet Chinese babble and got very, very excited. Someone else who speaks Chinese! Someone I can speak to other than my overbearing daughter! I'm going to tell them everything about myself!
The interpreter's meekness overwhelmed him. He could not get a word in edgeways. Instead he just switched to translate mode and told us that Mr C used to be a great Chinese Opera singer, just as the man himself burst into song.
Mr C's excitement and deafness profoundly impacted on his performance, raising volume levels to glass-smashing heights. Needless to say, we all fell about laughing, professional as always. The consultant declared Mr C to be crazy and a Consent 4 was signed in Mr C's best interests. Now where is the ethics in that?
Anyway, he got his test done which was the important thing, and we all had some great ward round entertainment.


Double faced European sham featuring fabric from the Barbara Barry Panorama collection. Kravet 34846.230 on the face and reverse, detailed with a 1" self flange. Made in the USA. Available with or without a 95/5 feather/down insert.


These days, increasing numbers of people are looking for ways to get into business for themselves. People spend months on the Internet researching different businesses and the ways to fund their new venture. Typically, people look at franchise opportunities as way get into business. One business to get into without a lot of capital is the vending business. This business is easy to get into, and there are many vending machine companies that can help a person into this business area quickly.
One of the best ways to get into the vending business is to go online and find companies that manufacture vending machines. There are many manufacturers of vending machines and most of them have user-friendly websites. Many of these companies offer additional services. Many times they offer training on setting up a successful vending machine business. Often times they offer help in finding locations to place the machines. This is a great service for people just getting into the business.
Then there are people who have been self-employed in the past, and feel starting a vending machine business is a task they can handle alone. These people feel they merely need to buy some new or used vending machines and start-up a business. They simply need to decide upon the type of machines they wish to purchase.
There are many types of machines for sale. One of the more popular type of machines are the combo vending machines. Vending company owners like the combo vending type of machines. These combination vending machines offer customers a wider variety of products to buy. Starting a vending machine business with these type of snack machines lets an owner know what snacks are popular with the customers.
There are also people who want to get into the vending business by purchasing an established vending route. Finding a vending business for sale is simple. One just needs to go online and type in the words "vending business for sale" the search results should offer many leads.
Starting or buying a vending machine business is a wonderful way to become self-employed. One can start by simply looking at combo vending machines for sale one at a time. Over time a person can re-invest the profits to buy multiple snack machines. Before a person realizes it they can become self-employed full-time and quit their job.


1.Applicable to the troops, petroleum, petrochemical, customs, fire protection, electric power, public security and other inflammable and explosive places as mobile lighting.
2.Flameproof explosion-proof highest grade, and can work safely under explosive and inflamable conditions. Long life and low use of solid state light source and maintenance-free high light efficiency, average 100000 hours service life. Serveing with working light, bright light, two light design, at the press of a button can be freely convertible.
3.Structure by optimizing the design, material selection of import of bulletproof glue materials, ensure that the product can be 50 meters underwater operation, and high resistance to fall to 1 meter fall no damage. Rotary switch, light, working light can be arbitrary switching. In addition to the laptop can also be set of leather bag to shoulder. The charger adopts chip controlled charging, high reliability, overcharge protection, short circuit protection and indications for trickle charging and charging status.


Here is the perfect chance to own an authentic Texas farmhouse with a detached guest house on 22+/- idyllic acres very close to Boerne. 2600 sq. ft. home of cypress board/batten * wide plank floors* vaulted cypress ceiling* 12 ' stone FP* 6 burner gas cooktop*Subzero refrig*2 masters flank each end of home*3rd BD & BTH in guest house*separate study* climate controlled wine room*large garden; terraced & drip irrigation*4-6 stall barn w/ apartment, Room for an arena, event center! UNRESTRICTED/AG EXEMPT!


text:
Il y a plusieurs candidats répondant au nom de cercle d'Apollonius.

Cercle d'Apollonius de deux points
Apollonius de Perga propose de définir le cercle comme l'ensemble des points M du plan pour lesquels le rapport des distances MA/MB reste constant, les points A et B étant donnés.

Faisceau de cercles d'Apollonius d'un triangle

Soit ABC un triangle. Le cercle c de centre O est circonscrit au triangle ABC.

Les bissectrices en A coupent [BC] en I1 et J1, le cercle c1 de centre O1 a pour diamètre [I1J1].

Les bissectrices en B coupent [AC] en I2 et J2, le cercle c2 de centre O2 a pour diamètre [I2J2].

Les bissectrices en C coupent [AB] en I3 et J3, le cercle c3 de centre O3 a pour diamètre [I3J3].

Le faisceau de cercles d'Apollonius est formé par les trois cercles c1, c2 et c3 d'Apollonius qui ont en commun les deux points P et Q. Ce sont les points de base du faisceau.

Leurs centres O1, O2 et O3 sont alignés sur la médiatrice de [PQ].

Le centre O du cercle circonscrit c  et le point de Lemoine du triangle ABC sont situés sur la droite (PQ).

Les points Q (X15) et P (X16) sont les points isodynamiques du triangle ABC. Ce sont les conjugués isogonaux des points de Fermat (X14 et X13)

Fractale
Voir : Cercle d'Apollonius

Bibliographie
 Jean-Denis Eiden, Géométrie analytique classique, Calvage & Mounet, 2009,
 Méthodes modernes en géométrie de Jean Fresnel
 Bruno Ingrao, Coniques affines, euclidiennes et projectives, C&M,

Géométrie du triangle
Apollonius

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
El radical 184, representado por el carácter Han 食, es uno de los 214 radicales del diccionario de Kangxi. En mandarín estándar es llamado 食部, (shí bù, 'radical «comer»'); en japonés es llamado 食部, しょくぶ (shokubu), y en coreano 식 (sik). En los textos occidentales también es conocido como radical «comida».

El radical 184, aparece comúnmente en el lado izquierdo de los caracteres que clasifica (por ejemplo, en 䬢), aunque también puede aparecer en la parte inferior (por ejemplo, en 䬥) o en el lado derecho (por ejemplo, en 飧). En muchos caracteres, este radical aparece en las formas variantes 𩙿, 飠, 𩚀 y 𩚁.

Los caracteres clasificados bajo el radical «comida» suelen tener significados relacionados con la alimentación. Como ejemplo de lo anterior están: 飢, 'hambriento'; 飧, 'cena'; 飲, 'beber'.

En el sistema de simplificación de los caracteres chinos llevado a cabo en la República Popular China el radical «comer» ha sido simplificado a la forma 饣.

Nombres populares
 Mandarín estándar: 食字旁, shí zì páng, 'carácter «comer» en un lado'; 食字底, shí zì dǐ, 'carácter «comer» en la parte inferior'.
 Coreano: 밥식부, bap sik bu, 'radical sik-comida'.
 Japonés: 食偏(しょくへん), shokuhen, 'radical «comer» en el lado izquierdo del carácter'.
 En occidente: radical «comer», radical «comida».

Galería

Caracteres con el radical 184

Referencias

Leyi Li: "Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases". Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2

Enlaces externos

184


Monday 2nd July 2018 - Congratulations to Stephen in Exeter who is our lucky winner today!
"Wow. That's great and unexpected news!
We first travelled to Scilly in 1980. We're back again in about 8 weeks. We reckon this will be our 52nd trip/stay (still a beginner compared with some we know).
We've made many good friends over the years during our visits. One of our mainland pleasures is to try to meet up with some of them a couple of times a year.
This picture was taken a few years ago by friends we met who were staying on Bryher. Shipman head in the background. A favoured place on Scilly."


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text:
2022 Dodge Durango Vs. 2022 Ford Expedition: What Is The Best Family SUV To...
2022 Dodge Durango Vs. 2022 Ford Expedition: What Is The Best Family SUV To Lease?
Comments Off on 2022 Dodge Durango Vs. 2022 Ford Expedition: What Is The Best Family SUV To Lease?
Even with some shoppers shifting focus to the sporty crossover SUVs, three-row SUVs are still the top choice for many American families. For years and still counting, the full-size three-row family SUVs have been there for many families, shuttling the whole family to and fro during the week, whether it's to school, work, sports practice, or grocery store. On weekends, these workaholics take us on our weekend adventures—never taking a break.
Many options crowd the full-size three-row SUV segment. But the Dodge Durango and the Ford Expedition stand out. These two SUVs have been around for quite some time, taking the whole family and cargo anywhere, each in their unique way.
If you're considering leasing a large SUV that can tow and haul everything without a flinch, the 2022 Dodge Durango and the 2022 Ford Expedition fits the description better. But between these two American three-row SUVs, which is a more family-friendly option to lease?
The Update
If you find the famous three-row SUVs segment unexciting, leasing the 2022 Dodge Durango will undoubtedly thrill you. The Durango is made by the iconic Dodge brand, famous for its lineup of muscle cars. The 2022 Durango, like every Durango before it, offers a wonderful blend of muscle car and SUV nature.
For the 2022 model year, the Durango continues to be part of the third generation that debuted in 2011, meaning that it has gone over a decade now without a full redesign. Dodge has dropped the Hellcat model from the 2022 Durango lineup. Shoppers who still want more power can lease the SRT model with 475 horses. All models, including the base SXT model, now come standard with blind-spot monitoring, rear parking sensors, rear cross-traffic alert, power-adjustable driver's seat, and roof rails. Also, the formerly optional third-row seats are now standard. Higher up the trim, Dodge has made more features standard. In the GT models, heated front seats, heated steering wheel, remote start, and power liftgate are now standard. Next up, the GT Plus and R/T Plus models now gain adaptive cruise control and lane-departure warning, leather-and-suede upholstery, and heated rear seats.
On the other hand, the Ford Explorer the largest Ford SUV and a well-recognized marque in the three-row SUV class. While not much has changed since Ford introduced the fourth generation of Expedition in 2018, it still comes with some minor updates and upgrades to keep it going against tough competition.
For 2022, Ford gives the Expedition lineup many important upgrades, including fresher exterior design, new interior styling, and many cool new features. The 2022 Expedition lineup gets a restyled front and rear styling. On the inside, the cabin gets a new dashboard with an even larger standard 12.0-inch infotainment screen, optional 15.5-inch screen. There has also been a lot of improvement in its interior materials. An available Performance package on the Limited trim with a sport-tuned suspension makes the high-performance twin-turbo V6 even more powerful. Finally, the new Expedition now affords Ford's BlueCruise hands-free driver-assist system.
Powertrain And Transmission
While the Durango offers wide powertrain choices, you should consider leasing the 2022 Ford Expedition if you want more power and more torque. The Expedition gets an extra 80 horses and 80 more torque than the Durango.
Of course, this is only from the base model because if you need something with more power, the Durango SRT model will give you just that, but the Expedition still provides more torque regardless.
While the Durango uses an eight-speed automatic transmission, the Expedition utilizes a 10-speed automatic to send power to RWD or 4WD.
Dodge stacks the 2022 Durango with trio powertrain choices. The first is a 3.6-liter V6 engine making 295 horsepower and 260 lb-ft of torque. Higher up the trim levels are two optional V8s; a 5.7-liter V8 makes 360 horsepower and 390 lb-ft. The second is found under the hood of the SRT model, a naturally aspirated 6.4-liter V8 that pumps 475 horses and 470 lb-ft.
In contrast, the Expedition is powered by a sole powertrain, but it is offered in different configurations, giving different horses and torque. The base model is powered by a 3.5-liter twin-turbocharged EcoBoost V6 engine that makes 375 horsepower and 470 lb-ft of torque. This same V6 engine is tuned to churn out up to 440 horses and 510 lb-ft in higher trims.
Handling And Performance
If you've got your eyes on leasing a fun-to-drive and family-friendly SUV, leasing the 2022 Dodge Durango offers you the perfect blend of the two, more than the Expedition.
While the 2022 Expedition rewards passengers more with a comfortable ride, it seems to do so at the expense of nimble handling and an unresponsive steering feel. No doubt, these two SUVs are big, making for a more comfortable ride but with poor steering feel and a little hard to maneuver. Both SUVs also afford a rear suspension that helps deliver a better ride quality. However, the Durango offers comparable sport-like performance.
You will be making fewer stops at the gas station when you lease the 2022 Durango. While these two SUVs are not the most efficient three-row SUVs out there, they have similar numbers. The EPA estimates the 2022 Durango with the base rear-wheel-drive models to return 19 mpg in the city and 26 mpg on the highway. When you opt to the V6 all-wheel drive models, these numbers drop by one. In contrast, the 2022 Expedition gets 17/23 mpg city/highway with RWD and drops one mpg with the AWD.
The 2022 Durango and 2022 Expedition offer a big and elegant cabin with quality materials and soft-touch plastics, but the new Durango, with its newly restyled cabin, affords fancier materials and more niceties.
The infotainment system is great in both SUVs. While the Durango uses an 8.4-inch touch screen, Apple CarPlay, and Android Auto, the Expedition offers a redesigned infotainment system that sports a large 12.0-inch touchscreen with many nice features.
Up to seven people can sit in the comfy 2022 Durango seats, while the Expedition can take as many as eight people. The Expedition is bigger than the Durango, meaning it has more passenger and cargo space than the Durango.
Whether you want an SUV that is great for towing or has a cavernous passenger and cargo space, or more power, you can never go wrong with the 2022 Durango or the 2022 Expedition. To lease any of these at an unbeatable rate, contact VIP Auto Lease Of Long Island 164 Northern Blvd, Great Neck, NY 11021 516-487-2886 https://www.vipautoli.com/.


Device is in close to new condition, but will certainly have one or two minor blemishes that are almost unnoticeable to the human eye. This device will be fully tested and fully functional. A full warranty will be supplied.
The Uniden CAM250 Full HD dashboard camera system is a must-have vehicle accessory to protect you from fraudulent claims, or capture the beautiful scenes along your ride. It features broad 140 degrees of field of view, and captures clear, sharp 1080p @30fps video. With IR night vision capability, you can still keep track of what happens on the road in complete darkness. An array of considerate features helps you get the most out of your car DVR with minimum effort, like auto on/off with your car, auto loop when the memory is full, and G-sensor function that locks and overwrite-protects video recorded in the event of strong movement or crash. You can view the video on the 1.5" LCD screen, or output it to your TV via HDMI to share with friends.


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3.2 pairs of brackets used for one pair infrared barrier.


text:
3 DBs Raiders Can Sign After Litany of Injuries
By Michael Luciano | Sep 11 2019
Denver Broncos v Oakland Raiders | Lachlan Cunningham/Getty Images
Just when it looked like the porous Oakland Raiders secondary was turning over a new leaf, their two young stud defensive backs sustained serious injuries. Hard-hitting rookie and first-round pick Johnathan Abram will miss the entire season after tearing his labrum, while cornerback Gareon Conley might miss time with a neck injury. With these two on the mend, the Raiders should look to the free agent marketplace and single out these three as replacements.
3. Kayvon Webster
Philadelphia Eagles v Los Angeles Rams | Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images
Injuries have limited Webster to just 13 games in the last two years, and he could still offer some physicality in the slot despite having been released by New Orleans in the preseason. He's better in the slot than outside, but Webster is one of the few free agents who can play both spots. Not the highest-ceiling signing in the world, but he has a low floor, and could help Oakland right away.
2. Josh Jones
Green Bay Packers v Chicago Bears | Kena Krutsinger/Getty Images
It remains a mystery as to why Jones, who forced his way out of Green Bay due to concerns about his role in the defense, is not on an NFL roster. The former second-round pick out of North Carolina State would be a perfect backup plan for Abram, as he brings that same physical style and versatility without sacrificing the cover skills you need to play safety in Paul Guenther's defense.
1. Eric Berry
AFC Championship - New England Patriots v Kansas City Chiefs | David Eulitt/Getty Images
He isn't always healthy, and swapping Chiefs red for the silver and black of the Raiders is sacrilegious to some, but there is nothing quite like Berry when he's at 100 percent. A Pro Bowler every year that he's been healthy, Berry still has the range in zone coverage and nose for the football that made him nearly unstoppable in his prime in Kansas City. If he is intent on playing this year, Oakland would be an ideal landing spot, purely from a football perspective.


text:
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import migrations, models

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('lito', '0011_storypoint_num_order'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AlterField(
            model_name='storypoint',
            name='num_order',
            field=models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(default=1),
            preserve_default=False,
        ),
    ]


Joan gives you clear step-by-step instructions on how to use your takli spindle, she also shows you how to open and successfully close an Indian book charkha. Spinning on the charkha is also included.
This video takes you through the growing and processing of cotton, all the way to the final step of lovely finished projects using your handspun cotton yarns! Everything is included from the spinning from the seed, to plying your singles, with tips and secrets giving you a chance to really know your cotton fiber.


text:
Home Daily Brief Cyber Breach Planning: Lessons from the Equifax Breach
April 15, 2019 Wes O'Donnell 0
Cyber Breach Planning: Lessons from the Equifax Breach
April 15, 2019 Wes O'Donnell
Artificial Intelligence Governance
Last week, Canada's federal Privacy Commissioner issued its decision in the Equifax data breach, citing several concerns with security safeguards and governance processes against Equifax Canada and its US parent company, Equifax Inc. This decision is relevant to US companies with Canadian affiliates, since the Privacy Commissioner has signalled a change in policy about cross-border data transfers.
The Commissioner's investigation into the Equifax breach suggests some important features of a strong cyber-preparedness and incident response plan for every company.
The General Facts
On May 13, 2017, hackers breached Equifax Inc.'s software platform and accessed sensitive personal information of 143 million+ Equifax customers in the United States and Canada. The breach was not discovered until four months after initial entry by hackers, only an expired security certificate was updated. The hackers accessed personal information held in several hundred database tables, across a number of Equifax Inc. databases. Although Equifax Canada's servers are separate from Equifax Inc.'s systems, Equifax Canada's security policies and oversight were (and are) generally managed by Equifax Inc.
The Privacy Commissioner's Report
The Privacy Commissioner issued a Report of Findings about its investigations into this breach. The Report addressed various aspects of the breach, particularly related to the security safeguards put in place by Equifax Canada, including its oversight mechanisms, vulnerability management and the implementation of information security practices.
The Report highlights several lessons for cyber breach planning for any company.
Security Safeguards
The Commissioner undertook a detailed investigation into the various data security safeguards to determine whether the security safeguards were strong enough given the sensitivity of the personal information being held by Equifax.
Equifax Inc. held various types of personal information of Canadians, including payment card information, account information (including usernames, passwords and Social Insurance Numbers), and copies of full credit reports and credit alerts. The Commissioner found that, collectively, this information is sensitive and could result in identity theft and/or reputational harm. The Commissioner held that, in order to comply with federal privacy law, such sensitive information required higher security safeguards by Equifax Inc.
Equifax Inc. detected the attack because it updated an expired security certificate. This update allowed the suspicious traffic of the hackers to finally be noticed (note that Equifax contained the attack the next day). The Commissioner found that all security features needed to be kept up to date to ensure better vulnerability management, among others things.
The Commissioner also commented on the need to meaningfully segregate networks to ensure limited flow of information between different parts of a computer network. In this case, safer methods were required to ensure the detection of fraud, allowing more meaningful network segregation.
Data Governance Practices
Data governance generally means the rules that govern data access and use. In this case, the Commissioner commented on the "poor implementation of basic methods of protection". '
Some lessons on good governance practices from the Commissioner's perspective include:
knowing who is saving and modifying files when they involve personal information;
securely storing staff and customers' usernames and passwords;
keeping production data separate from test data;
training staff on appropriate handling of personal information;
keeping security certificates updated; and,
having the required certification standards met.
The Commissioner noted that "the existence of a clear disconnect between policies and practices in a range of security domains demonstrates that Equifax Inc.'s security program had critical gaps, and that therefore the oversight mechanisms were inadequate". This implies that a thorough and comprehensive accountability framework is required, particularly when housing sensitive personal information.
The Commissioner also highlighted the need for adequate monitoring practices when a third party is handling personal information for an organization. The organization needs to periodically assure itself that the third party is fulfilling its obligations to protect the personal information. Documenting these practices is key to a cyber-preparedness audit.
Retention of Records
Although Equifax Inc. had a record retention policy in place, it confirmed that it did not have a procedure to delete Canadian personal information. No personal information of Canadians had been deleted since 2010. This was considered to a significant deficiency because it meant that Equifax was storing outdated and duplicate information when such information should have been deleted. Deleting personal information that is no longer needed in order to deliver the product or service for which the information was collected is required in several jurisdictions, including the EU and Canada.
In fact, the company noted that it intended to develop destruction practices that would be better aligned with Europe's General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679, but that these efforts were to be limited to personal information of European residents.
The Report also highlighted the lack of adequate knowledge and awareness by staff related to the retention policy and the monitoring of its compliance. This was problematic from the Commissioner's perspective. A key lesson is to ensure that staff are trained on all data security policies, that such training is documented and that the policies are updated and applied with some consistency across the company.
The Commissioner commented on the lack of a formal written arrangement with some third parties on how to handle personal information. These arrangements should be updated periodically, as well as when there are any important changes to the relationships.
According to the Commissioner, the arrangements should discuss:
personal information that is being handled by the third party;
rules, regulations and standards that need to be complied with while handling personal information;
obligations related to information security and retention/destructions;
acceptable use of the personal information; and,
reporting and oversight obligations.
Disclosure vs. Use
The Equifax breach has caused the Commissioner to signal a significant change in policy. The Report concluded that personal information that is transferred from an organization to an affiliate or third-party vendor for processing is considered a disclosure to the third-party organization and not a use.
This matters.
Now there may be a new expectation that the transfer of data between affiliated organizations (e.g. Equifax Inc. and Equifax Canada) should be considered third party disclosures. This would mean that affiliate organizations could no longer rely on using personal information based on their own internal policies, but would need to show, among other things, a robust accountability framework, formalized written contracts and adequate data governance practices as between them. Is this really practical given the fluidity of data, especially between affiliated entities?
Finally, the Commissioner found that the transfer of personal information from Equifax Canada to Equifax Inc. required meaningful consent, including information related to the third party being located in a different country and the related risks:
[…] In our view, even an individual who carefully reviewed both the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use available to individuals at the time of the breach would not be able to understand that, without exception, their information was being collected by Equifax Inc., in the US, with immediate effect. Nor would they understand that substantial further information would subsequently be disclosed by Equifax Canada to Equifax Inc., or that there would be no further details provided or consent sought before such disclosures occurred. Given the extent of the collection and disclosure of sensitive personal information, such clarity is, in our view, clearly warranted in this case
In summary, Equifax Canada was not adequately clear about: (i) the collection of sensitive personal information by Equifax Inc., in the US, (ii) its subsequent disclosures of sensitive personal information to Equifax Inc., and (iii) the options available to individuals who do not wish to have their information disclosed in this way.
The Commissioner commented that the sensitivity of the information and the reasonable expectations of the individual gave rise to an obligation to obtain meaningful consent.
The Lessons Learned
The Report is specific to the Equifax breach but provides some clear indications of how regulators assess good practices in cyber preparedness. According to this case, various steps can be taken to promote good cybersecurity planning, including adequate training with evidence of having completed the training, designing comprehensive accountability frameworks, monitoring of third-party compliance, formalizing data sharing agreements, and implementing accessible and express consent models for the transfer of data.
This article was written by Carole Piovesan from Forbes and was legally licensed through the NewsCred publisher network. Please direct all licensing questions to legal@newscred.com.
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text:
New York|It's Not Just the Track That's Broken
It's Not Just the Track That's Broken
Afternoon commuters aboard a Brooklyn-bound L train. The mechanical reliability of the subway fleet has been steadily declining.CreditCreditJohn Taggart for The New York Times
Andy Byford, who is coming from Toronto to take over the New York City bus and subway system next month, has to fix a fleet of subway cars that in each of the last five years has broken down more often. That's a job. So is managing the 47,000 people who make the city move. And so is pleasing the person he works for, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, who has an erratic relationship with mass transit.
Oh, and also, moving more than eight million passengers a day above and below ground.
With an $830-million emergency improvement plan being rolled out, the system is bound to get better. Will it stay better?
"My tenure or reputation will live or die based on, can we get the performance back up to where it should be and can we keep it there?" Mr. Byford, 52, said in a brief phone interview on Tuesday. "I don't want any flash in the pan treatment. I want sustained improvement."
Mr. Byford needs the guts to stand up in public and tell the unvarnished truth, and the governor needs to hear it, too, in public and private. If transit doesn't have enough money to carry out its mission, then Mr. Byford has to say so, out loud. If the system needs to change how transit employees do their jobs, or if they don't have the proper equipment, he should shout that out, too.
Public fiction, or at least very low-octane candor, enabled the transit crisis that emerged in the last decade, but that was gathering force for more than 20 years. In budget documents published seven years ago, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority management, no doubt hoping to please the political leadership in Albany, declared that it was not worried about major cuts in funding: "It means doing more with less. We can continue to perform well with fewer resources. In some cases, we intend to perform better."
Then along came reality.
By any measure that matters to humans — the number of trains running; crushing delays on buses; the need for regular, reliable information; the ability to manage growing crowds — the transit system has done much, much less with less.
Take, for example, what is the primary measurement of the mechanical reliability of subways: how far a car travels before some component breaks down and causes a significant delay. This is called "mean distance between failure," and for five consecutive years, it got worse — dropping to 112,000 miles in 2016. That was the longest slump since the public began major investments in new trains in 1982, according to a report released this month by the state comptroller. At its peak, in 2005, the entire fleet average was 178,000 miles between failure. The decline was not just in older cars, but in ones bought in recent years.
Making things better, Mr. Byford said, requires looking at what is causing parts — like doors or motors — to not work properly. In Toronto, he said, one relatively new type of train car, the Toronto Rocket, was having repeated door problems.
"We focused very closely on the root causes of those failures, and what was required to fix them," Mr. Byford said. "In the last quarter the Toronto Rocket did an average of 2 million kilometers between failures."
That would be about 1.2 million miles, or more than 10 times the average of the entire New York fleet, and about double the best performance by individual car classes with superior histories. Even the oldest trains in Toronto went close to 143,000 miles between failure, about 25 percent better than New York's whole fleet.
The New York transit system has smart people who can fix just about anything that moves. But as much as it needs new parts, it needs a culture where honesty matters. Part of a blueprint for better subways and buses is finding out why the stewards of the system did not say that things were going badly wrong.
Mr. Cuomo interviewed Mr. Byford during the selection process. "He didn't sugar coat it," Mr. Byford said. "He wanted to be sure he got someone who was coming to this job with their eyes open. I had a candid discussion with him."
Those who work for Mr. Cuomo have said he is a demanding boss. Nevertheless, no one has ever described his temperament as a match for the likes of the former mayor of Toronto, Rob Ford, a deeply troubled, crack-cocaine user. He once called Mr. Byford to demand that a city bus be sent to pick up a high school football team that he was coaching. Mr. Byford told reporters he did not understand what Mr. Ford was saying, but unknown to him, a bus had already been dispatched, with a load of paying passengers thrown off to satisfy Mr. Ford's request.
Mr. Cuomo has been known to bypass the chain of command and directly call subway managers. "That's the governor's prerogative," Mr. Byford said. "He's the governor."
With that answer, Mr. Byford showed he knows how to dance. Let's hope it is to music that matters.
Correction: Nov. 21, 2017
An earlier version of this article misstated how much farther, on average, that Toronto Rocket train cars travel without breakdowns compared to the entire New York fleet. It is more than 10 times farther, not more than 100 times.
Follow Jim Dwyer on Twitter: @jimdwyernyt
A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 21 of the New York edition with the headline: Transit System Is in Disrepair. Fixing It Will Require Guts.. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe