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The current estimates

Overview

Minimum-norm estimates

The linear inverse operator

Regularization

Whitening and scaling

Regularization of the noise-covariance matrix

Computation of the solution

Noise normalization

Predicted data

Cortical patch statistics

The orientation constraints

Depth weighting

fMRI-guided estimates

Effective number of averages

Inverse-operator decomposition

Producing movies and snapshots

Computing inverse from raw and evoked data

Implementation details

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The current estimates

Overview

Minimum-norm estimates

The linear inverse operator

Regularization

Whitening and scaling

Regularization of the noise-covariance matrix

Computation of the solution

Noise normalization

Predicted data

Cortical patch statistics

The orientation constraints

Depth weighting

fMRI-guided estimates

Effective number of averages

Inverse-operator decomposition

Producing movies and snapshots

Computing inverse from raw and evoked data

Implementation details

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The current estimates¶

Contents

Overview

Minimum-norm estimates

The linear inverse operator

Regularization

Whitening and scaling

Regularization of the noise-covariance matrix

Computation of the solution

Noise normalization

Predicted data

Cortical patch statistics

The orientation constraints

Depth weighting

fMRI-guided estimates

Effective number of averages

Inverse-operator decomposition

Producing movies and snapshots

Computing inverse from raw and evoked data

Implementation details

Overview¶

This Chapter describes the computation of the minimum-norm
estimates. This is accomplished with two programs: mne_inverse_operator and mne_make_movie.
The chapter starts with a mathematical description of the method,
followed by description of the two software modules. The interactive
program for inspecting data and inverse solutions, mne_analyze ,
is covered in Interactive analysis with mne_analyze.

Minimum-norm estimates¶

This section describes the mathematical details of the calculation
of minimum-norm estimates. In Bayesian sense, the ensuing current
distribution is the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate under the
following assumptions:

The viable locations of the currents
are constrained to the cortex. Optionally, the current orientations
can be fixed to be normal to the cortical mantle.

The amplitudes of the currents have a Gaussian prior distribution
with a known source covariance matrix.

The measured data contain additive noise with a Gaussian distribution with
a known covariance matrix. The noise is not correlated over time.

The linear inverse operator¶

The measured data in the source estimation procedure consists
of MEG and EEG data, recorded on a total of N channels. The task
is to estimate a total of M strengths of sources located on the
cortical mantle. If the number of source locations is P, M = P for
fixed-orientation sources and M = 3P if the source orientations
are unconstrained. The regularized linear inverse operator following
from the Bayesian approach is given by the \(M \times N\) matrix

\[M = R' G^T (G R' G^T + C)^{-1}\ ,\]

where G is the gain matrix relating the source strengths
to the measured MEG/EEG data, \(C\) is the data noise-covariance matrix
and \(R'\) is the source covariance matrix.
The dimensions of these matrices are \(N \times M\), \(N \times N\),
and \(M \times M\), respectively. The \(M \times 1\) source-strength
vector is obtained by multiplying the \(N \times 1\) data
vector by \(M\).

The expected value of the current amplitudes at time t is
then given by \(\hat{j}(t) = Mx(t)\), where \(x(t)\) is
a vector containing the measured MEG and EEG data values at time t.

Regularization¶

The a priori variance of the currents is, in practise, unknown.
We can express this by writing \(R' = R/ \lambda^2\),
which yields the inverse operator

\[M = R G^T (G R G^T + \lambda^2 C)^{-1}\ ,\]

where the unknown current amplitude is now interpreted in
terms of the regularization parameter \(\lambda^2\).
Small \(\lambda^2\) corresponds to large current amplitudes
and complex estimate current patterns while a large \(\lambda^2\) means the
amplitude of the current is limited and a simpler, smooth, current
estimate is obtained.

We can arrive in the regularized linear inverse operator
also by minimizing the cost function

\[S = \tilde{e}^T \tilde{e} + \lambda^2 j^T R^{-1} j\ ,\]

where the first term consists of the difference between the
whitened measured data (see Whitening and scaling) and those predicted
by the model while the second term is a weighted-norm of the current
estimate. It is seen that, with increasing \(\lambda^2\),
the source term receive more weight and larger discrepancy between
the measured and predicted data is tolerable.

Whitening and scaling¶

The MNE software employs data whitening so that a ‘whitened’ inverse operator
assumes the form

\[\tilde{M} = R \tilde{G}^T (\tilde{G} R \tilde{G}^T + I)^{-1}\ ,\]

where \(\tilde{G} = C^{-^1/_2}G\) is the spatially
whitened gain matrix. The expected current values are \(\hat{j} = Mx(t)\),
where \(x(t) = C^{-^1/_2}x(t)\) is a the whitened measurement
vector at t. The spatial whitening operator
is obtained with the help of the eigenvalue decomposition \(C = U_C \Lambda_C^2 U_C^T\) as \(C^{-^1/_2} = \Lambda_C^{-1} U_C^T\).
In the MNE software the noise-covariance matrix is stored as the
one applying to raw data. To reflect the decrease of noise due to
averaging, this matrix, \(C_0\), is scaled
by the number of averages, \(L\), i.e., \(C = C_0 / L\).

As shown above, regularization of the inverse solution is
equivalent to a change in the variance of the current amplitudes
in the Bayesian a priori distribution.

Convenient choice for the source-covariance matrix \(R\) is
such that \(\text{trace}(\tilde{G} R \tilde{G}^T) / \text{trace}(I) = 1\). With this choice we
can approximate \(\lambda^2 \sim 1/SNR\), where SNR is
the (power) signal-to-noise ratio of the whitened data.

Note

The definition of the signal to noise-ratio/ \(\lambda^2\) relationship    given above works nicely for the whitened forward solution. In the    un-whitened case scaling with the trace ratio \(\text{trace}(GRG^T) / \text{trace}(C)\) does not make sense, since the diagonal elements summed have, in general,    different units of measure. For example, the MEG data are expressed    in T or T/m whereas the unit of EEG is Volts.

Regularization of the noise-covariance matrix¶

Since finite amount of data is usually available to compute
an estimate of the noise-covariance matrix \(C\),
the smallest eigenvalues of its estimate are usually inaccurate
and smaller than the true eigenvalues. Depending on the seriousness
of this problem, the following quantities can be affected:

The model data predicted by the current
estimate,

Estimates of signal-to-noise ratios, which lead to estimates
of the required regularization, see Regularization,

The estimated current values, and

The noise-normalized estimates, see Noise normalization.

Fortunately, the latter two are least likely to be affected
due to regularization of the estimates. However, in some cases especially
the EEG part of the noise-covariance matrix estimate can be deficient, i.e.,
it may possess very small eigenvalues and thus regularization of
the noise-covariance matrix is advisable.

The MNE software accomplishes the regularization by replacing
a noise-covariance matrix estimate \(C\) with

\[C' = C + \sum_k {\varepsilon_k \bar{\sigma_k}^2 I^{(k)}}\ ,\]

where the index \(k\) goes across
the different channel groups (MEG planar gradiometers, MEG axial
gradiometers and magnetometers, and EEG), \(\varepsilon_k\) are
the corresponding regularization factors, \(\bar{\sigma_k}\) are
the average variances across the channel groups, and \(I^{(k)}\) are
diagonal matrices containing ones at the positions corresponding
to the channels contained in each channel group. The values \(\varepsilon_k\) can
be adjusted with the regularization options --magreg , --gradreg ,
and --eegreg specified at the time of the inverse operator
decomposition, see Inverse-operator decomposition. The convenience script mne_do_inverse_solution has
the --magreg and --gradreg combined to
a single option, --megreg , see Calculating the inverse operator.
Suggested range of values for \(\varepsilon_k\) is \(0.05 \dotso 0.2\).

Computation of the solution¶

The most straightforward approach to calculate the MNE is
to employ expression for the original or whitened inverse operator
directly. However, for computational convenience we prefer to take
another route, which employs the singular-value decomposition (SVD)
of the matrix

\[A = \tilde{G} R^{^1/_2} = U \Lambda V^T\]

where the superscript \(^1/_2\) indicates a
square root of \(R\). For a diagonal matrix,
one simply takes the square root of \(R\) while
in the more general case one can use the Cholesky factorization \(R = R_C R_C^T\) and
thus \(R^{^1/_2} = R_C\).

With the above SVD it is easy to show that

\[\tilde{M} = R^{^1/_2} V \Gamma U^T\]

where the elements of the diagonal matrix \(\Gamma\) are

\[\gamma_k = \frac{1}{\lambda_k} \frac{\lambda_k^2}{\lambda_k^2 + \lambda^2}\ .\]

With \(w(t) = U^T C^{-^1/_2} x(t)\) the expression for
the expected current is

\[\hat{j}(t) = R^C V \Gamma w(t) = \sum_k {\bar{v_k} \gamma_k w_k(t)}\ ,\]

where \(\bar{v_k} = R^C v_k\), \(v_k\) being
the \(k\) th column of \(V\). It is thus seen that the current estimate is
a weighted sum of the ‘modified’ eigenleads \(v_k\).

It is easy to see that \(w(t) \propto \sqrt{L}\).
To maintain the relation \((\tilde{G} R \tilde{G}^T) / \text{trace}(I) = 1\) when \(L\) changes
we must have \(R \propto 1/L\). With this approach, \(\lambda_k\) is
independent of  \(L\) and, for fixed \(\lambda\),
we see directly that \(j(t)\) is independent
of \(L\).

Noise normalization¶

The noise-normalized linear estimates introduced by Dale
et al. require division of the expected current amplitude by its
variance. Noise normalization serves three purposes:

It converts the expected current value
into a dimensionless statistical test variable. Thus the resulting
time and location dependent values are often referred to as dynamic
statistical parameter maps (dSPM).

It reduces the location bias of the estimates. In particular,
the tendency of the MNE to prefer superficial currents is eliminated.

The width of the point-spread function becomes less dependent
on the source location on the cortical mantle. The point-spread
is defined as the MNE resulting from the signals coming from a point
current source (a current dipole) located at a certain point on
the cortex.

In practice, noise normalization requires the computation
of the diagonal elements of the matrix

\[M C M^T = \tilde{M} \tilde{M}^T\ .\]

With help of the singular-value decomposition approach we
see directly that

\[\tilde{M} \tilde{M}^T\ = \bar{V} \Gamma^2 \bar{V}^T\ .\]

Under the conditions expressed at the end of Computation of the solution, it follows that the t-statistic values associated
with fixed-orientation sources) are thus proportional to \(\sqrt{L}\) while
the F-statistic employed with free-orientation sources is proportional
to \(L\), correspondingly.

Note

A section discussing statistical considerations    related to the noise normalization procedure will be added to this    manual in one of the subsequent releases.

Note

The MNE software usually computes the square    roots of the F-statistic to be displayed on the inflated cortical    surfaces. These are also proportional to \(\sqrt{L}\).

Predicted data¶

Under noiseless conditions the SNR is infinite and thus leads
to \(\lambda^2 = 0\) and the minimum-norm estimate
explains the measured data perfectly. Under realistic conditions,
however, \(\lambda^2 > 0\) and there is a misfit
between measured data and those predicted by the MNE. Comparison
of the predicted data, here denoted by \(x(t)\),
and measured one can give valuable insight on the correctness of
the regularization applied.

In the SVD approach we easily find

\[\hat{x}(t) = G \hat{j}(t) = C^{^1/_2} U \Pi w(t)\ ,\]

where the diagonal matrix \(\Pi\) has
elements \(\pi_k = \lambda_k \gamma_k\) The predicted data is
thus expressed as the weighted sum of the ‘recolored eigenfields’ in \(C^{^1/_2} U\).

Cortical patch statistics¶

If the --cps option was used in source space
creation (see Setting up the source space) or if mne_add_patch_info described
in mne_add_patch_info was run manually the source space file
will contain for each vertex of the cortical surface the information
about the source space point closest to it as well as the distance
from the vertex to this source space point. The vertices for which
a given source space point is the nearest one define the cortical
patch associated with with the source space point. Once these data
are available, it is straightforward to compute the following cortical
patch statistics (CPS) for each source location \(d\):

The average over the normals of at the
vertices in a patch, \(\bar{n_d}\),

The areas of the patches, \(A_d\),
and

The average deviation of the vertex normals in a patch from
their average, \(\sigma_d\), given in degrees.

The orientation constraints¶

The principal sources of MEG and EEG signals are generally
believed to be postsynaptic currents in the cortical pyramidal neurons.
Since the net primary current associated with these microscopic
events is oriented normal to the cortical mantle, it is reasonable
to use the cortical normal orientation as a constraint in source
estimation. In addition to allowing completely free source orientations,
the MNE software implements three orientation constraints based
of the surface normal data:

Source orientation can be rigidly fixed
to the surface normal direction (the --fixed option).
If cortical patch statistics are available the average normal over
each patch, \(\bar{n_d}\), are used to define
the source orientation. Otherwise, the vertex normal at the source
space location is employed.

A location independent or fixed loose orientation
constraint (fLOC) can be employed (the --loose option).
In this approach, a source coordinate system based on the local
surface orientation at the source location is employed. By default,
the three columns of the gain matrix G, associated with a given
source location, are the fields of unit dipoles pointing to the
directions of the x, y, and z axis of the coordinate system employed
in the forward calculation (usually the MEG head coordinate frame).
For LOC the orientation is changed so that the first two source
components lie in the plane normal to the surface normal at the source
location and the third component is aligned with it. Thereafter, the
variance of the source components tangential to the cortical surface are
reduced by a factor defined by the --loose option.

A variable loose orientation constraint (vLOC)
can be employed (the --loosevar option). This is similar
to fLOC except that the value given with the --loosevar option
will be multiplied by \(\sigma_d\), defined above.

Depth weighting¶

The minimum-norm estimates have a bias towards superficial
currents. This tendency can be alleviated by adjusting the source
covariance matrix \(R\) to favor deeper source locations. In the depth
weighting scheme employed in MNE analyze, the elements of \(R\) corresponding
to the \(p\) th source location are be
scaled by a factor

\[f_p = (g_{1p}^T g_{1p} + g_{2p}^T g_{2p} + g_{3p}^T g_{3p})^{-\gamma}\ ,\]

where \(g_{1p}\), \(g_{2p}\), and \(g_{3p}\) are the three columns
of \(G\) corresponding to source location \(p\) and \(\gamma\) is
the order of the depth weighting, specified with the --weightexp option
to mne_inverse_operator . The
maximal amount of depth weighting can be adjusted --weightlimit option.

fMRI-guided estimates¶

The fMRI weighting in MNE software means that the source-covariance matrix
is modified to favor areas of significant fMRI activation. For this purpose,
the fMRI activation map is thresholded first at the value defined by
the --fmrithresh option to mne_do_inverse_operator or mne_inverse_operator .
Thereafter, the source-covariance matrix values corresponding to
the the sites under the threshold are multiplied by \(f_{off}\), set
by the --fmrioff option.

It turns out that the fMRI weighting has a strong influence
on the MNE but the noise-normalized estimates are much less affected
by it.

Effective number of averages¶

It is often the case that the epoch to be analyzed is a linear
combination over conditions rather than one of the original averages
computed. As stated above, the noise-covariance matrix computed
is originally one corresponding to raw data. Therefore, it has to
be scaled correctly to correspond to the actual or effective number
of epochs in the condition to be analyzed. In general, we have

\[C = C_0 / L_{eff}\]

where \(L_{eff}\) is the effective
number of averages. To calculate \(L_{eff}\) for
an arbitrary linear combination of conditions

\[y(t) = \sum_{i = 1}^n {w_i x_i(t)}\]

we make use of the the fact that the noise-covariance matrix

\[C_y = \sum_{i = 1}^n {w_i^2 C_{x_i}} = C_0 \sum_{i = 1}^n {w_i^2 / L_i}\]

which leads to

\[1 / L_{eff} = \sum_{i = 1}^n {w_i^2 / L_i}\]

An important special case  of the above is a weighted average,
where

\[w_i = L_i / \sum_{i = 1}^n {L_i}\]

and, therefore

\[L_{eff} = \sum_{i = 1}^n {L_i}\]

Instead of a weighted average, one often computes a weighted
sum, a simplest case being a difference or sum of two categories.
For a difference \(w_1 = 1\) and \(w_2 = -1\) and
thus

\[1 / L_{eff} = 1 / L_1 + 1 / L_2\]

or

\[L_{eff} = \frac{L_1 L_2}{L_1 + L_2}\]

Interestingly, the same holds for a sum, where \(w_1 = w_2 = 1\).
Generalizing, for any combination of sums and differences, where \(w_i = 1\) or \(w_i = -1\), \(i = 1 \dotso n\),
we have

\[1 / L_{eff} = \sum_{i = 1}^n {1/{L_i}}\]

Inverse-operator decomposition¶

The program mne_inverse_operator calculates
the decomposition \(A = \tilde{G} R^C = U \Lambda \bar{V^T}\),
described in Computation of the solution. It is normally invoked from the convenience
script mne_do_inverse_operator.

Producing movies and snapshots¶

mne_make_movie is a program
for producing movies and snapshot graphics frames without any graphics
output to the screen. In addition, mne_make_movie can
produce stc or w files which contain the numerical current estimate
data in a simple binary format for postprocessing. These files can
be displayed in mne_analyze,
see Interactive analysis with mne_analyze, utilized in the cross-subject averaging
process, see Morphing and averaging, and read into Matlab using the MNE
Matlab toolbox, see Matlab toolbox.

Computing inverse from raw and evoked data¶

The purpose of the utility mne_compute_raw_inverse is
to compute inverse solutions from either evoked-response or raw
data at specified ROIs (labels) and to save the results in a fif
file which can be viewed with mne_browse_raw,
read to Matlab directly using the MNE Matlab Toolbox, see Matlab toolbox,
or converted to Matlab format using either mne_convert_mne_data,
mne_raw2mat, or mne_epochs2mat. See
mne_compute_raw_inverse for command-line options.

Implementation details¶

The fif files output from mne_compute_raw_inverse have
various fields of the channel information set to facilitate interpretation
by postprocessing software as follows:

channel name

Will be set to J[xyz] <number> ,
where the source component is indicated by the coordinat axis name
and number is the vertex number, starting from zero, in the complete
triangulation of the hemisphere in question.

logical channel number

Will be set to is the vertex number, starting from zero, in the
complete triangulation of the hemisphere in question.

sensor location

The location of the vertex in head coordinates or in MRI coordinates,
determined by the --mricoord flag.

sensor orientation

The x-direction unit vector will point to the
direction of the current. Other unit vectors are set to zero. Again,
the coordinate system in which the orientation is expressed depends
on the --mricoord flag.

The --align_z flag tries to align the signs
of the signals at different vertices of the label. For this purpose,
the surface normals within the label are collected into a \(n_{vert} \times 3\) matrix.
The preferred orientation will be taken as the first right singular
vector of this matrix, corresponding to its largest singular value.
If the dot product of the surface normal of a vertex is negative,
the sign of the estimates at this vertex are inverted. The inversion
is reflected in the current direction vector listed in the channel
information, see above.

Note

The raw data files output by mne_compute_raw_inverse can be converted to mat files with mne_raw2mat. Alternatively, the files can be read directly from Matlab using the routines in the MNE Matlab toolbox, see Matlab toolbox. The evoked data output can be easily read directly from Matlab using the fiff_load_evoked routine in the MNE Matlab toolbox. Both raw data and evoked output files can be loaded into mne_browse_raw, see Browsing raw data with mne_browse_raw.

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        © Copyright 2012-2015, MNE Developers.


Showing results for tags 'mythic '.
Mythic Dungeon bugs - When will it be playable again?
I've noticed a lot of bugs in dungeons after the recent server restart. It seems everytime you fix one problem, you add a few more. There are big problems with vault of the wardens, MoS and Cathedral this week. Instances reset themself and you have to start all over. Some bosses are just crazy overpowering, like the 2nd boss in MoS. Last boss in Vault of Wardens resets in the middle of the fight. And Cathedral 4th boss doesnt reset if you wipe, meaning no one can release and is forces to quit the attempt and port out. Any fixes coming anytime soon?
Hello everyone, We're aware of the issues that are occurring on Xavius in Emerald Nightmare Mythic. Our developers suggested that Xavius loot, achievements to be disabled until the issues with Xavius are fixed. We plan to re-launch the Mythic difficulty on Wednesday, October 18th, 2017 at 16:00 (server time)! * Again, we apologise for the issues you encountered and we'll see you on Wednesday, October 18th, 2017 for the race to "The Emerald Nightmare" realm first. May the best guild win and for the winners a surprise awaits you. * Mythic difficulty will be closed on Tuesday, October 17th, 2017 evening until it officially reopens on October 18th, 2017 at 16:00 (server time)!
Eye of Azshara DC ?
Me and my friends constantly get Game Freezes when we do EoA. Our games freeze and we have to force end the task by the task manager. Are we the only ones that have this problem ?
Hi everyone, I would like to start this thread by thanking the devs about their initiative to release the first bosses of Highmaul Mythic, it's a real difficulty comparing to the heroic mode in BRF. As I think some guilds are known about this release and i don't know if they have tried the Mythic mode yet. We decided to put these reports here to allow all the big firestorm's Guilds to discuss about it. I will put here all the bugs my guild (Wraith) and I have founded in these bosses. Kargath Bladefist : 1) The first bug concerning the tigers and the grunts and which is really important. They don't respawn after the first try in the arena, so we need each time we try the boss, to reinitiate the raid. 2) The second thing is also related to the tigers who could be cc, slowed etc... We think that in the official server we cannot do this. 3) Berserker Rush In any mode of this encounter, if you stay in front of the boss he doesn't deal damages, but if he purchases you, if you stay like 4 or 5 meters in front of him it deals extreme damages. It should foucsing the furthiest person of the boss, we had encounters where it's focused on melee players. 4) Arena sweeper The arena sweeper in the encounter doesn't work, he activate himself once you get close to him. Even so, at the moment we try to respect the time delayed for us to dps the trashes in the stands (45 seconds, sometimes Big Wigs tells it) 5) http://www.wowhead.com/spell=162578/flame-gout Because of this ability the encounter was really hard for melee players, it pops at the number of 7 or 10, how we know that ? A caster stayed in one aoe and it dealt for him 3 times 55K. And at melee we have like 3 or 4 aoe, if we just stay one second at the middle of the boss and the aoe pops, it is an instant one shot. 6) Flame gout (again) We don't know how and why, but we suspect that every time we kill http://www.wowhead.com/npc=79712/iron-bomber they are less flame gouts (whire are made by the fire pillar). When we use to go the stands and we kill every trash, when we return they are less flame gout before we've taked the http://www.wowhead.com/spell=159947 7) Chain Hurl It happened once, the chain hurl has been casted in the last position of the tank, it need to be casted in the middle of the room. Here's a screen that resumes it. http://imgur.com/CtZX3mg The Butcher We've tried 4 or 5 times and here's what we found : 1) http://www.wowhead.com/spell=156152/gushing-wounds It seems that this debuff stays more than 15 seconds, we cannot switch every 2 debuffs. 2) http://www.wowhead.com/spell=163051/paleobomb We think that this ability is dealing too much damage, our warlock has taken 200k damages from this 2 times. If you don't know this, dev's are looking for people to collect some data from the official server in order to script the mythic mode of Highmaul ( and then Blackrock foundry when Blackhand will be release tho), you can PM them if you want to help. Good luck for guilds who haven't try yet Highmaul Mythic.


It seems like we have been talking about this on again / off again Tempe Streetcar project for a LONG time. The potential route has been analyzed over and over again, just like the funding mechanisms, the demographics, etc. Heck, the thing is applauded one day and scorned the next. For now, it seems like more progress is being made and there seems to be some forward momentum.
Check out this press release from today that talks about the next steps for the Tempe Streetcar line. This environmental clearance is a good sign. Hopefully, we hear more about the next phase of the saga early in 2016.
PHOENIX, AZ — The Federal Transit Administration announced that the Tempe Streetcar received a Finding of No Significant Impact (or FONSI), which indicates that the three-mile project will have no significant environmental effect on the neighboring communities.
The Environmental Assessment includes review of potential impacts to the neighboring environment such as noise and vibration, traffic and parking, historical and archaeological resources.
The streetcar will travel on Rio Salado Parkway from the Marina Heights development west to Mill Avenue. It will make a downtown loop on Mill and Ash avenues and continue south to Apache Boulevard and east to Dorsey Lane where it will connect with the Apache Blvd/Dorsey Lane station. Construction is anticipated to begin in 2017 with completion scheduled for 2019.
At this time, Valley Metro and the City of Tempe await notification from the Federal Transit Administration in early 2016 on the application submitted to receive funding through the Small Starts grant program.
For more information on the Tempe Streetcar, visit valleymetro.org/tempestreetcar.


text:
NRL takes ownership control of Knights
Sat 14 Jun 2014, 10:42 AM
The NRL has announced it has taken ownership control of the Newcastle Knights football club.
Speaking in Newcastle on Saturday, CEO Dave Smith said the move would deliver the security and certainty that the Knights players, staff, sponsors, fans and members were seeking.
The Knights will continue to play out of Newcastle with their traditional jersey and logo.
"The Knights will continue to be Newcastle through and through," Mr Smith said.
"The team will look the same, they will continue to be based in Newcastle and they will represent this region proudly like they have for the last 26 years.
"The difference is that, financially, they will be one of the top tier clubs in the competition."
The agreement follows extensive negotiations with the former operators of the Knights football club, the Hunter Sports Group and the Newcastle Knights Members Club.
The business assets of the old club have been transferred to a new entity, called Knights Rugby League Pty Ltd in which the Members Club will take a minority 20 per cent interest.
Mr Smith said the key objective throughout the negotiations was ensuring the Knights remain a viable, competitive football club.
"Our first objective was to resolve the ownership dispute in the interests of the Newcastle Knights, their players, staff, sponsors, members and fans – and that has been achieved," he said.
"Our next task is to stabilise the business and, when the time is right, we will consider appropriate longer term ownership options for the business to position it for the future."
Mr Smith said the new Knights would have a board of seven, including one community representative initially nominated by the Members Club, two shareholder representatives initially from the NRL, and four independent directors.
The cash proceeds of the bank guarantee will be used to pay HSG's existing employee and supplier obligations and to provide $5.1 million in start up funds for the new club.
The arrangements will also allow Knights Rugby League to fund litigation between the Members Club and RockCity.
Mr Smith said there would not be any changes to the business operations of the Knights for the rest of the 2014 season.
Knights Rugby League CEO, Mr Gidley said he was pleased to see the Knights given more certainty about their future.
"We now have an opportunity for a fresh strong start and that will be welcomed by our proud rugby league community," he said.
Members Club director, Allan McKeown said the future of the Knights was the priority in coming to the agreement."
"While there were a range of options available to the Members Club we wanted to end the uncertainty surrounding the Knights and give the players, staff, fans and members a strong future," he said.
Troy Palmer, CEO of HSG said it was proud of the legacy that it leaves which will ensure the club is well positioned to enter an exciting period of growth.
"We have invested more than $20 million and the Knights now have a stable building platform which is reflected in the world class training and coaching structure from the NRL down through the elite junior programs.
"We will continue our involvement as a major sponsor for the next five years and support the Knights from the sidelines."
Mr Smith thanked Mr Tinkler for his investment in the club through HSG at levels unprecedented in this sport.
RTS breaks NRL record
Round 17 charges: Cotric pleads guilty; JWH to front judiciary
Gavin Cooper and Benji Marshall to play Games 300
Holden State of Origin III sold out

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
What Yacht To Do
Learning as We Go
Marinas/Anchor/Wall/Locks62/11/14/99
Last VisitedSt. James City, FL
Currently inCape Coral, FL
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About America's Great Loop
#83 St. Petersburg, Florida to Sarasota, Florida
By The Crew On January 13, 2020
Our anchorage at Maximo Park by St. Petersburg, Florida was another attempt to pretend like we know how and enjoy anchoring.
We don't.
Although, I slept great, Sam struggles to relax when we are on the hook.
We did wake up to a beautiful morning.
And when we left, we were pretty sure we were the only living humans out there.
This is a "long-term" anchorage and the rest of the boats out there were empty.
So we said good-bye to empty boats and birds and went on our way.
We did see this sailboat laying on its side.
Narrow Channel
Even though there is a lot of water around you have to stay in the channel marked by the red and green signs.
Otherwise your boat will be grounded and you won't be going anywhere.
But it wouldn't be all bad.
Maybe these penguins would get off their island and come and visit you.
Or these birds would get off of whatever this is and come and say hello.
Tampa Bay Bridge
From our anchorage, we could see the Tampa Bay Bridge.
It is even more impressive the closer you get.
But we didn't go under it.
We took a hard right and took the channel in the opposite direction.
That's when the fun began.
Those white caps we saw in the distance were now all around us.
It kind of reminded me of being in Lake "Washing Machine" Michigan again.
And then the waves grew higher and started coming over the bow.
Soon our nice clean windows were covered in a glaze of salt water.
We had to see the world through salty glasses.
Is that a bridge up ahead?
Is that a marina over there?
We were just going to have to persevere.
We saw quite a few anchorages on our journey.
They always look so peaceful and content.
That is the opposite of how we feel anchoring.
Maybe someday.
The weather today is still keeping us guessing.
Blue sky in front us us.
Dark skies ahead.
On to Sarasota
We kept moving forward to get to our destination.
That's Sarasota on the left.
We have to go under the bridge and then hang a left to get to Marina Jack.
While we were underway, the wind was so crazy.
We were hoping that the marina would be situated in such a way that it would block the wind.
Unfortunately, that wasn't the case.
Sam tried to dock stern in but the wind was so severe that he even had trouble docking bow in.
But at least made it.
Marina Jack
We had heard and read a lot of great things about Marina Jack so we were anxious to see it.
There are five restaurants onsite and it is located across the street from downtown Sarasota.
It is a fantastic marina and location.
This is the gateway to downtown.
We were blessed with another rainbow after the craziness of docking.
We really appreciated that.
And we felt safe here.
Wouldn't you?
We walked around the town of Sarasota.
So many things to see.
The downtown area has old and new structures.
It has a lot to offer.
Christmas on a Boat
The thought of spending Christmas on a boat was so weird to me but we had just been home for Thanksgiving and decided to do something different this year.
We had a fantastic day.
There wasn't anything traditional about it.
We did find an Episcopal Church across the street from the marina so celebrated Christmas there.
It was a beautiful service.
One night, we took a walk around the marina and saw the Marina Jack II that looks like a dinner cruise.
Wouldn't that be fun?
We decided to go to one of the four restaurants in this building and continue our holiday celebration.
We ended the day with champagne and whatever that is that Sam ordered.
I think it's a mudslide.
We have seen some of the most beautiful sunsets around the Great Loop and Florida has shown us some pretty ones.
The kind that take your breath away.
Here's to seeing a lot more of those.
Great Loop, Sarasota Florida, St Petersburg Florida
#82 Tarpon Springs, Florida to St. Petersburg, Florida
#84 Sarasota, Florida to Venice, Florida
Patti Geiger
We were in Sarasota & Siesta Key last year, that area is so pretty. There are a lot of Ringling Bros. & Barnum & Bailey Circus Performers who retire there as well as a Museum & Estate. It is funny to see concrete circus animals in the front yard of a nice house. Also there are a lot of Amish in the area. Not sure if they retire there but also some Amish restaurants in the area.
Sunsets in Florida are a big deal & are celebrated every night at a lot of places. We were checking out Turtle Beach County Campground around sunset & got invited for Sunset & Happy Hour on the Beach. One guy even had his Conch Shell to blow right at sunset. I was surprised, I thought Sunset celebrations were only in the Keys.
Enjoy the beautiful Sunsets! Cheers~
Someone is blowing a conch shell here in Cape Coral at sunset. It's strange because we are hidden from the water line and can't really see it set. Still, fun.
skimeister
Fun leg with a few challenges but a rewarding ending. I can tell that you are still having fun!
Oh yes, definitely!
You *will* get the hang of anchoring comfortably. I'll venture to say it took around 30 anchorages for us before it became second nature. But having a good anchor alarm was (and still is) the key to sleeping soundly. Nowadays we seldom dock unless it's free or there is no alternative for getting ashore (or getting something done on the boat). We're in St Pete now and have been anchored for nearly a week. BTW, we often stop at Marina Jacks, where we usually take a mooring ball. Several nice places a short walk into town. — Sean on Vector
Sean, you have been our role model on anchoring since we met you! Thanks for the encouragement. Hopefully, we'll get to meet up in the not too distant future.
The Fortunate 2
You probably already use these apps for wind and waves, but just in case, here are the ones we use:
PerdictWind
WindAlert
We find them very useful in deciding on what days to travel and what days to relax on the "Lido Deck"!
Yes, Sam uses those. We do love those days on the Lido Deck!
Get Our Sunday Travel Update
Sam and Rev Crouse created What Yacht To Do to show how you can be sitting in your living room one day and then living on the water the next. Sam is a former AF pilot and recent retiree from American Airlines. Rev's background is in education and marketing. A few years ago on a trip for work, Sam found out about America's Great Loop. He learned more about it on Captain John's website and started to get obsessed. So the search was on for a boat. We had planned to look for a year and then get ready for the loop in a year. Well, we found a boat in about three months. In Baltimore. We live in the DFW area. We bought the boat in November 2017 and immediately winterized it. Did I mention that Rev hadn't seen the boat before we bought it? But she was 100% in favor of the purchase. Also, we didn't know how to turn it on much less move a boat that size from point A to…
#85 Venice, Florida to Saint James City, Florida
on April 3rd, 2019
Day One on the Great Loop
on May 16th, 2019
#2 Chesapeake City, MD to Cape May, NJ
About What Yacht To Do
Sam and Rev Crouse created What Yacht To Do to show how you can be sitting in your living room one day and then living on the water the next. Sam is a former AF pilot and recent retiree from American Airlines. Rev's background is in education and marketing. Come along and cruise with us.
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People fascinates me. The fact that there are billions of people in this world and nobody is the same is incredible. Think about it. We are similar in some ways, different in most ways, yet connected through languages and interests.
In every travel, I take some time to write about the people that I met along the way. I do it as a personal reminder of how wide the world is and how vast our will to learn must be. I remember Pak Kornelius whom I met in Flores, a farmer and a loving father for a family of six. I remember Ibu Puji, a passionate teacher at Tanah Abang who teaches kids to read and write out of care and concern. They are only two of those people whom I met in life who shaped me to be who I am today. Trust me, there is no such thing as a meaningless encounter.
At Palembang, I dedicated most of my traveling time to photograph people in their daily lives. This post, is dedicated to them.
Starting the day with a smile!
Truthfully, Palembang is a boring city. What made it interesting was not the places that I visited, but its culinary choices, its view of the total solar eclipse and its people. I realized this when I got the chance to visit Al-Quran Al-Akbar, also known as the biggest Al-Quran in the world.
Al-Quran Al-Akbar. It includes 630 pages from the Al-Quran.
Soon, I realized how devoted these people are to their religion and God. People from different age came and filled the place. Some were taking photos and some were praying with tenacity. While the kids were in awe of the place, the adults were trying to teach these kids as much meaning as possible. Keeping the tradition is important after all.
What if harmony is achievable in today's world? Wouldn't it be great for every religion to live in respect of each other? Isn't the main thing about religion is loving one another despite of their differences? If God created human, wouldn't He want us to love each other as much as He loves us? These are the questions I took home after a visit to Al-Quran Al-Akbar. I know, I probably did too much thinking in my travels.
Kids were just being kids.
Another place that I visited in Palembang was the Kemaro Island. This island tells about a tragic love story of Tan Bun An and Siti Fatimah. This is the traditional story of a lowly peasant and a princess who fell in love. Tan Bun An worked so hard to steal the king's heart so that he can marry Siti Fatimah, the king's daughter. The king's only wish is for Tan Bun An to bring 9 jars of gold for the king in exchange for his daughter.
Having given a chance to prove himself, Tan Bun An plead to his mother to send these 9 jars of gold to him all the way from China. Being a loving mother, she sent these golds of jars covered with vegetables on top to hide it from the thieves.
Soon enough, the packages arrived. Tan Bun An, accompanied by Siti Fatimah, immediately opened the first jar and got confused after seeing vegetables inside. He threw the first jar to the river and opened the second one. Every time he saw vegetables inside the jar, he would carelessly dumped these jars into the river. After all the 8 jars were opened and thrown into the river, he opened the last one to find vegetables inside as well. This time, he was too tired to throw it to the river, so he smashed it with a rock instead. Only after that, he found out that the gold was hidden under the vegetables.
Impulsively, he jumped into the river to collect these golds. After a few minutes of not appearing, Siti Fatimah jumped in the river to help him. Her last words to her guards were, "If you see a pile of soil on the river bank, consider it as my grave."
Both of them never resurfaced, but a pile of soil did. It enlarged by itself and became what we know today as the Kemaro Island. What a tragic love story, right?
Kids in Barongsai posing in front of a 9 floors Pagoda.
Being in the Kemaro Island taught me how race is just a matter of origin and social status is just a matter of birth. In a bigger perspective, we are all the same. How did we start becoming so picky in our relationship and friendship? I believe we weren't born picky, but somehow we grew up losing one of the best qualities a human could have, love.
The tragic love story reminded me not to lose my mind over a girl. Fall in love, but carefully think about the consequences of it. If I was Tan Bun An, I wouldn't ask my mother to send those golds. That would make me a spoiled little brat.
Bloggers on the action? Or just Instagrammers?
Trying out the barongsai head that I borrowed from that kid.
4 days in Palembang and I gained so many lessons even more precious than those I had learned in classrooms. As iron sharpens iron, so do people sharpen one another. There is always a lesson in life, the question is, are we open enough to listen and humble enough to learn?
Below the bridge of Ampera.
I am done with my exploration in Palembang. It was a relaxing 6 days trip that I enjoyed with Garnier Men's newest Power White. I have been carrying it around in Palembang and I wouldn't stop carrying one in all of my upcoming trips. I am loving its combination of shaving and cleansing in one package. It is convenient to carry and very easy to use!
Anyway, I will write about yesterday's hike to Mount Papandayan in the upcoming post. Till next week!


text:
Q: JSON.parse() returns wrong values for integers [EDIT] I was modyfing the data later and it was reflected in the object when expanding it, I will accept my answer when I can.[/EDIT]
I've got a simple JSON string that needs parsing:
{"Points": [{"x": 0,"y": 33},{"x": 2200,"y": 28},{"x": 4400,"y": 23},{"x": 6600,"y": 20},{"x": 8800,"y": 19},{"x": 11000,"y": 18},{"x": 13200,"y": 17},{"x": 15400,"y": 15},{"x": 17600,"y": 13},{"x": 19800,"y": 12}]}

The string is generated by C++ code for graph drawing purposes. When I paste it into a json formatter it parses fine, giving proper values. The problem I'm facing are wierd Y values, for example the first object in array "Points" has y value of 20 - and there are no 20's anywhere in the string.
See attached picture, it explains everything. The code before what's on the picture is as follows:
RequestJSONParse: function(Data)
{
    var Request = Data.split("|");
    var RequestType = Request[0];
    var RequestParams = Request[1];
    var RequestData = undefined;

    if (typeof Request[2] != "undefined" && Request[2] != "")
    {
        console.log("---");
        console.log(Request[2]);
        console.log("---");

        RequestData = JSON.parse(Request[2]);

        console.log("---");
        console.log(RequestData);
        console.log("---");
    }

My question is - are the some special characters or a special way JSON.parse parses specifically x,y values? Or is this an encoding issue or something I can't even think of? I've been on this project for 2 years and didn't ever encounter anything like this and most of our UI is made by parsing JSON data.
Image explaining the problem

A: Check here your do like this
var json = "{\"Points\": [{\"x\": 0,\"y\": 33},{\"x\": 2200,\"y\": 28},{\"x\": 4400,\"y\": 23},{\"x\": 6600,\"y\": 20},{\"x\": 8800,\"y\": 19},{\"x\": 11000,\"y\": 18},{\"x\": 13200,\"y\": 17},{\"x\": 15400,\"y\": 15},{\"x\": 17600,\"y\": 13},{\"x\": 19800,\"y\": 12}]}";
var Request = json.split("|");
var data = JSON.parse(Request[0]);
console.log(data);

U can use above code if u r getting string in this way....

A: @JamesThorpe Was on point, I was modifying the object later and my changes were reflected in the object when it was expanded. The blue i symbol was the missing link for me.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Trump supporters and opponents clash in Washington, with injuries
In: Incident
Chaos erupted in Washington DC on Saturday night, hours after two rallies by supporters of US President Donald Trump ended. They clashed with his opponents, leaving four injured and 23 arrested.
According to the Washington Post, at least four people were stabbed outside a bar that served as a gathering place for Trump's Proud Boys supporters. The injuries could be life-threatening, a D.C. rescue official told the newspaper.
The report said it was not yet clear which groups the attackers and victims were affiliated with.
As of 9pm Saturday, 23 people had been arrested, 10 charged with assault, six with assaulting a police officer and four with disorderly conduct, FOX 5 reported. One suspect was in possession of an illegal stun gun.
The report also said that at least two DC police officers were hospitalised with moderate injuries.


The way I'd like this to work is that there would be predrilled mounting holes on the saw that I could bolt part #1 on to, then assemble everything upwards from there. Having to assemble the whole (heavy) thing and then hold it in place sounds like a PITA.
Good idea. The General catalog doesn't show it installed, the only picture I've found so far is the one below. My only real question is where to put the bottom bracket so that the top of the mechanism ends up level/flush with the top of the saw. I think if I assemble the whole thing I can just heft it into place and mark where the holes for the bottom support bracket belong.
Joe have you looked inside the cabinet to see if there are any holes there? I did a Excalibur sliding fence many years ago but it didn't look like this setup.
I just got home from work and checked inside, sadly nothing there (other than a sheetmetal tray that was in the way that I had to remove first.I measured the pieces ad my guess is that the mount/pivot bracket is going to sit on top of the lip at the bottom of the cabinet, That looks like it will put the top of the support assembly maybe 1/4″ below the top of the table — and there is an adjustment jack screw that can adjust it up and down +/- 1″.
I'll re-measure everything later this week when I have time to install it. I'll need to pick up some mounting bolts tomorrow.


MP Vyapam Jail Prahari Result 2018 announce very soon. The Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board officially declare MPPEB Jail Prahari Result 2018 online publicly. Therefore, all appeared candidates can be check मध्य प्रदेश जेल प्रहरी रिजल्ट 2018 via using their roll number online. On this page we have also discussed about the MP Jail Prahari Merit List along with MPPEB Jail Prahari Cut off marks with most recent update of MP Vyapam Result 2018 Jail Prahari news.
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text:
« Birds of a Feather 2019 | Main | Yeasayer at Fine Line Music Cafe, Minneapolis (19 June 2019) »
Faye Webster at 7th Street Entry, Minneapolis (18 June 2019)
Faye Webster at 7th Street Entry
Faye Webster Setlist
Intro: Tomahawk Chop
She Won't Go Away
Right Side of My Neck
What Used to Be Mine
Come to Atlanta
Hurts Me Too
Yo-Yo trick demonstration
Is It Too Much to Ask
Atlanta Millionaires Club is in Faye Webster's feelings, and that's the way she likes it. "Everything is way personal, " Webster says. "I have to write about very personal things for me to even want to write." …
Jenny O
Los Angeles' Jenny O. is touring in support of her sophomore album Peace & Information. We caught Jenny O in October 2016 and said, "Los Angeles-based singer-songwriter Jenny O opened the evening with a demure set of songs from .....
Atlanta's Faye Webster headlined the 7th Street Entry in Minneapolis on Tuesday, June 18.
It's the first night of the tour, and Jenny O came on stage on time and started her set, playing solo. The last time she was at the 7th Street (with Tristen in October 2017), she had a full band and fondly remembered that the whole band accidentally got stoned and lost track of time. Needless to say, they came on stage super late and apologized to anyone who was at the show.
Speaking of apology, in the middle of "Cheer Up Free Your Mind", Jenny O suddenly remembered that she was supposed to put two people on the guestlist. Right before the next song, "If You're Lonely", she said, "If you paid to get in, I'm sorry! You can take anything at the merch."
She closed her 45-min set with "Be Here Now", ending with the thoughtful lyrics of "I want my time back, I want to spend it with you."
Folk singer and yo-yo girl Faye Webster was relieved to see so many people out on a Tuesday night at the 7th Street Entry. She didn't think anyone would show up in her long 15 drive from Bonnaroo Music Festival in Tennessee… but imagine her surprise that the 7th Street Entry was packed full of fans.
While she was trying to explain this after her first song, a fan in the audience yelled, "Bring out the yo-yo!", which had Webster quickly replied, "It's too early!"
It's clear that some of these fans were converted or were also at Webster's show earlier in March 2019 and were looking for that sweet, sweet yoyo action.
Webster's passion for yo-yo's is clear, if you follow her Twitter, she's constantly showing up some tricks and she's really good at it too. She even teamed up with SF Yoyos to produce special Faye Webster yo-yos, which you can buy at the merchandise table.
Coming on stage to a war chant of "Tomahawk Chop", Faye Webster and her full band (featuring a drummer, bassist, and two keyboard players) launched into "She Won't Go Away".
You can see from the setlist, the majority of it is taken from Atlanta Millionaires Club (Secretly Canadian).
As promised earlier, near the end of Faye's set, she demonstrated a Yo-Yo trick for us. I know it sounds silly, but it's really cool to see… and who knows, she could be the next Smothers Brothers.
Faye Webster's Atlanta Millionaires Club is out now on Secretly Canadian.
06/19 – Chicago, IL @ Schubas Tavern
06/21 – Toronto, ON @ The Drake
06/22 – Pittsburgh, PA @ Club Cafe
06/23 – Philadelphia, PA @ Johnny Brenda's
06/24 – Allston, MA @ Great Scott
06/26 – Brooklyn, NY @ Baby's All Right
06/27 – Washington, DC @ DC9
06/28 – Asheville, NC @ The Mothlight
06/29 – Atlanta, GA @ The Earl
Posted at 02:22 AM in 7th Street Entry, Faye Webster, Jenny O., Minneapolis, Vu | Permalink


text:
Brockton's Save A Lot grocery store to be rebranded as a Price Rite
Cody Shepard
BROCKTON — Price Rite is coming back to the City of Champions.
The Wakefern Food Corp. grocery store, which was in the city for nearly 13 years before closing its location on Torrey Street last summer, will return at the current Save A Lot location on East Ashland Street.
Madison Foods Corp., a third-generation family grocery business that currently owns the Brockton Save A Lot, announced Monday that it has joined the Wakefern cooperative and plans to convert three Save A Lot stores to Price Rite Marketplace stores in Massachusetts.
In addition to the 240 East Ashland St. location in Brockton, Madison Foods Corp. will rebrand two other Save A Lot stores — in Roslindale at the American Legion Shopping Center, at 650 American Legion Highway, and in Roxbury at the Washington Park Mall, at 333 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd.
The Slawsby family, owners of Madison Foods Corp., will switch the three stores to the registered trademark and banner of Wakefern Food Corp. "in the coming weeks," according to a Monday statement from Wakefern.
Madison Foods also plans to open an additional Price Rite Marketplace location in Dorchester in January, the statement says.
Wakefern said that current Save A Lot customers at the three locations that are being rebranded "can expect their favorite store features to remain," including experienced butchers and a variety of ethnic foods and value products, while the stores are renovated and new exclusive brands are added.
"We will continue to provide all the things our customers know and love while adding more variety and award-winning store brands that the Wakefern cooperative offers," said Todd Slawsby, president of Madison Foods who runs the business with his father, Harold, and brother, Jonathan. "This is the exciting next chapter in my family's history in the grocery business."
The Slawsby family has operated grocery stores in the Boston area since the 1940s, when Harold's father, Ben Slawsby, started a meat market in Dorchester that eventually became Capitol Foods, a 10-store supermarket chain.
Wakefern Chairperson and CEO Joseph S. Colalillo said he's excited to welcome the Slawsby family to the cooperative, which is made up of family owned, independent grocers with a 75-year history in the supermarket business.
"These stores will expand the Price Rite Marketplace brand in the Boston area and bring the Price Rite commitment of value and quality to the communities of Roslindale, Roxbury, Brockton and Dorchester," he said.
Senior reporter Cody Shepard can be reached by email at cshepard@enterprisenews.com. You can follow him on Twitter at @cshepard_ENT. Support local journalism by purchasing a digital or print subscription to The Enterprise today.
© 2021 www.enterprisenews.com. All rights reserved.


text:
require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe Api::V1::AuthorsController, type: :controller do
  # Index action
  describe "GET #index" do
    before(:each) do
      5.times do
        @author = FactoryGirl.create :author
      end
      get :index
    end

    it "should return all author" do
      author_response= JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_name: true)
      expect(author_response.size).to eql 5
    end
  end

  # Show action
  describe "GET #show" do
    before(:each) do
      @author = FactoryGirl.create :author
      get :show, id: @author.id
    end

    it "should return correct author information" do
      author_response = JSON.parse(response.body, symbolize_name: true)
      expect_hash_eq(author_response, {id: @author.id, email: @author.email, name: @author.name})
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Fuji has been making bikes for over 100 years, starting in Japan. Fuji bicycles are one of the highest value brands in the market. We have Fuji bikes for sale for all types of riders and budgets. Shop for fixed gear bikes, road bikes, hybrids, mountain bikes and killer track bikes.
Be sure to check out our popular models such as the Fuji Sportif, Fuji Feather, Fuji Absolute, Fuji Jari, and Fuji Gran Fondo. If it's a full carbon road bike or mountain bike you're after Fuji has you covered.


The context in which Corporate Responsibility research is located is often immersed in multiple diverging and at times conflicting ontologies. How do we as researchers relate, make sense and construct research about the worlds of these non-modern others? Whose ontologies are given preferences in the analysis and in the final outcome of our work? Together with one of the most renowned researchers on the topic of 'Political Ontology', Professor Marisol de la Cadena from University of California, we invite you to this seminar to jointly reflect on the implications of the ontological politics of our work.
(1) Marisol de la Cadena is Professor of Anthropology at the University of California. Her research interests are located at the interface between STS and non-STS, and they include the study politics, multispecies (or multi-entities) relations, indigeneity, history and the a-historical, world anthropologies and the anthropologies of worlds. In all these areas, her concern is the relationship between concepts and methods, and interfaces as analytical sites. Her recent book Earth Beings. Ecologies of Practice Across Andean Worlds (2015) is based on conversations with two Quechua speaking men that lived in Cuzco (Peru). Through these conversations they think together about life at the intriguing crossroads where modern politics (and history) and earth-beings (and the ahistorical) meet and diverge, thus exceeding each other. The book is an ethnography concerned with the concreteness of incommensurability and the eventfulness of the ahistorical.
(2) Liina Maija Quist is a post-doctoral researcher in Environmental Policy at the Univeristy of Helsinki. Her research focuses on coastal and marine resource governance and socio-environmental conflicts. In her PhD (2018) she examined how shifting logics of governance compete with local environmental knowledges, fragmented subaltern networks and media narratives in an environmental conflict in the Gulf of Mexico.
(3) Tiina Jääskeläinen is currently a doctoral student at Hanken School of Economics with a Master degree in Geography from University of Helsinki. Her PhD focuses on the Sámi ways of life and disruptions to livelihood-based futures in the assembling of ´new´ Arctic. Her research interests include epistemological pluralism, decoloniality, indigenous peoples´ rights, environmental governance and conflicts, corporate responsibility.
(4) Maria Ehrnström-Fuentes is a post-doctoral researcher at University of Tampere and Hanken School of Economics. Her research focus on a broad spectrum of corporate-community relations in the forestry sector in South America, as well as the sustainability of self-organised local food networks in the Nordic context.


text:
Pandemic Histories
On Epidemics and the Arts
Roundtables and webinars
Pandemic Archiving
Reach Mom By Lilian Bonin
"This image is taken from my Covid Series. It is an attempt to express my painful experience of losing my mom…" Read More
On the Line: Love and Rage and Pandemics
By Esyllt Jones
One of my unfinished pandemic-era tasks has been to write a short biographical piece on Helen Jury Armstrong, the organizer of working class women, and the embodiment of love and fire in the Winnipeg General Strike. Here, I explore how the influenza pandemic highlighted her unique brand of labour activism.
Postage & Pestilence
By Cyril Gryfe
Postage stamps, with their mass reproduction and global dissemination, provide a means to promote awareness for a wide range of public health issues — nationally and internationally. As a consequence, reference to contagious diseases such as influenza, measles, whooping cough, HIV/AIDS, SARS etc. can be found in the design of many postage stamps
Pandemic Perspectives: a Conversation about Hamnet and Judith, by Maggie O'Farrell
Literary scholar Judith Owens and political economist Lynn Fernandez discuss O'Farrell's moving plague novel.
"Carried Away": Alice Munro and History
A century ago, people living through World War I, the global influenza pandemic, and waves of social unrest experienced a world in turmoil. These world-historical events must have been interconnected, and those connections must have affected people's lives.
On pandemic history and pandemic amnesia
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been an outpouring of commentary from disease historians.
Containing Infection and Rebellion at Panama's Palo Seco Leprosarium
By Caroline Lieffers
When the United States of America took control of the Panama Canal Zone in 1904, there were widespread reports of about a dozen people with Hansen's disease—more often called leprosy—living in seclusion on the outskirts of Panama City.
Pandemics and the Epidemiological Triangle
By Lawrence Elliott
During a particularly bad wave of Covid-19 in his province, one Canadian premier declared to the assembled media, "Covid is evil."
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Sleek but confused, in the same vein as the two Matrix sequels.
I am really conflicted about "Ghost In The Shell." On the one hand, it brings a beloved character to life with a beautiful mix of acting, special effects and score. The plot is ultimately underwhelming, not sure whether to dive into the philosophical nature of its predecessors, or play to the lowest common denominator.
The first few minutes of "Ghost In The Shell" encapsulate the biggest flaw and also the biggest strength of the film. The first scene has Major (Scarlett Johansson) wake up unable to feel her body. Dr. Ouelet (Juliette Binoche) explains that she was in a car crash. Her parents died, but they were able to recover her body. She was so badly injured, they had to place her brain in a robotic body, making her a ghost in a shell. After a beautiful credits scene in which we see Major's artificial body being created, we fly through New Port City. This is a futuristic urban center with holographic advertisements and sleek, imposing skyscrapers. This single shot ends of Major, perched on top of one of these towers, ready to undertake any risky mission her boss, Chief Daisuke Aramaki, has for her. It's a gorgeous mix off the creative elements: cinematography, art direction, CGI, music and editing. These elements are consistent throughout the film. To go along with it, there are fine performances all around. Scarlett Johansson really fills the role of a fish out of water, unsure of her own humanity. Pilou Asbæk as Batou, Takeshi Kitano as Chief Daisuke Aramaki and Michael Pitt as Hideo Kuze all fill out their supporting roles well.
Unfortunately, the script leaves a lot to be desired. It tries to do two opposite things at once. On the one hand, there is an attempt to have a deep message, about one's connection to society, one's humanity and the relationship with identity and memory. These are remnants from the beloved 1995 anime version of "Ghost In The Shell" but are treated with kid gloves in this version. The filmmakers don't trust the audience to pick things up on the run, so they slow the pacing and add a lot of expositional dialogue (like the films first scene). It also makes my favorite scene, where Major hires a human prostitute to sort of inspect her, looking for the humanity she feels she has lost, feel a little out of left field. Overall it can come off as boring, despite the well choreographed action scenes.
The film is also unable to strip its whitewashing accusation. One scene in particular will infuriate those who find whitewashing Asian characters an issue in Hollywood. They are right to feel this way.
Paramount Pictures, DreamWorks Pictures, Reliance Entertainment with Arad Prods./Steven Paul in association with Shanghai Film Group, Huahua Media. Producers: Avi Arad, Ari Arad, Steven Paul, Michael Costigan. Executive producers: Jeffrey Silver, Tetsu Fujimara, Yoshinobu Noma, Mitsuhisa Ishikawa. Co-producers: Holly Bario, Jane Evans, Maki Terashima-Furuta.
Director: Rupert Sanders. Screenplay: Jamie Moss, William Wheeler, Ehren Kruger, based on the comic by Shirow Masamune. Camera (color, Alexa 65), Jess Hall. Editors: Neil Smith, Billy Rich. Music: Lorne Balfe, Clint Mansell.
Scarlett Johansson, Pilou Asbaek, "Beat" Takeshi Kitano, Michael Carmen Pitt, Juliette Binoche, Chin Han, Danusia Samal, Peter Ferdinando, Kaori Momoi, Anamaria Marinca, Daniel Henshall, Lasarus Ratuere, Yutaka Izumihara.


text:
Billing Methods
Eric Slotegraaf
Benjamin Niehoff
Kristin Garner
Tara Ali
Anita Hert
Tracy Archer
Kayla Baker
Kenzie Poole
Business Law & Consulting
Adopting in Indiana
July 18, 2018 By Kristin Garner
Adoptive parents have several choices available to them when they are seeking to adopt a child. An adoptive parent can seek a private adoption completed with the assistance of a licensed child placing agency. Adoptive parents can also seek a private adoption of a child they know, whether the child is related to them or not. Adoptive parents can also seek to adopt a child that has been involved with the Department of Child Services, potentially after fostering or having placement of that child.
Different requirements apply for international and interstate adoptions. Interstate adoptions must comply with the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children, (ICPC) whereas international adoptions will need to comply with both countries laws on adoption.
Typically, an adoption terminates the parental rights of both birth parents. However, step-parent and second parent adoptions allow a parent to maintain parental rights while allowing the step-parent or second parent to adopt. Step-parent or second parent adoptions are frequently seen when one biological parent has abandoned the child and is no longer involved in the child's life. This allows the spouse of the parent who is raising the child to adopt without terminating that parent's rights.
Adoptive parents have several requirements they must meet before an adoption will be approved by the Court. All adoptive parents must undergo an extensive background check that must be completed by a licensed child placing agency. Adoptive parents also may be required to have a home study completed and have a period of Court supervision before the adoption is granted. Typically, step-parents and second-parent adoptions can have the home study and supervision period waived, but that is determined on a case-by-case basis. A court may appoint a Guardian Ad Litem to ensure that the requested adoption is in the child's best interest.
If you have questions about adoption, contact the attorneys at Slotegraaf Niehoff for a consultation.
Filed Under: Family Law
Disclaimer • © Slotegraaf Niehoff PC • 200 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47401 • (812) 332-6000
Site hosted by Monster Digital Marketing, a Bloomington Web Hosting Co.


text:
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1. Holding Onto Sound
Holding Onto Sound are a four-piece punk band from Las Vegas, Nevada. They play a mix of both punk and reggae with a very aggressive approach and some well balanced sweet spots with lyrics that often speak out on political views and ideas. The band formed sometime in 2004 and have released three albums (self-titled, Songs of Freedom, The Sea) since then. The band also just recently released a new 7" titled, The Tempest, through Brick Gun and GC Records. Holding Onto Sound will be playing a New Years show alongside Nofx, Lagwagon and Old Man Markley (check out details here). Their song on this episode is titled, Seahorses, off of, The Tempest.
GC Records
2. Booze Cruise
Booze Cruise are a four-piece punk band from Yellowknife, NWT, Canada. They are still a fairly new band having formed in May of 2010, but sound like they've been playing for a long time. Booze Cruise just recently released their album, Moose Stuff, this past July and embarked on a tour in support of it. They played shows with Sanity In Numbers, Overtime Heroes, and Chimp Change. The new album consists of 12 songs of some fast skate-punk and thrash. There are some pretty tight solos on a few of the songs as well. Their song on this episode is titled, No Big Deal, off of, Moose Stuff.
3. The Chatty Cathies
The Chatty Cathies are a punk band from Lafayette, Louisiana. They released an EP in June titled, Locked Down & Mute. It has five songs of some hardcore punk rock and a bit of pop. The vocals are a bit raw with some aggression and trade-offs, and very melodic a majority of the time. Also, I'm pretty much a sucker for songs with some kind (any kind) of bass line intro (check out the tracks, Satan's in a Suit and Locked Down & Mute). It just sounds really cool to me. Check out the EP on their bandcamp here @nameyourprice. Their song on this episode is titled, Satan's in a Suit, off of, Locked Down & Mute.
4. Lester Freamon
Lester Freamon are a five-piece hardcore and screamo band based in Las Vegas, Nevada. They have a new EP out right now called, Natural Police. It has four songs of some experimental hardcore and screamo. It is currently available on vinyl through Radical Friends and Moment of Collapse Records and the band's web-store. It is also available on tape format through Friends For Life. I saw these guys play during the summer alongside Deafheaven and another local band which I can't recall at the moment. It was a good show, although, it was a pretty damn loud set for all of the bands. Their song on this episode is titled, Oh My Goblet!, off of, Natural Police.
Other Projects: First Cousins, Ruined Tongue
5. Nothington
Nothington are a four-piece punk rock band from San Francisco, California. They formed in 2006 and have since released three albums (All In, Roads, Bridges and Ruins and Borrowed Time). Their most recent album, Borrowed Time, released through Red Scare Industries is eleven songs of awesome punk rock. The album is very rock driven, great sounding and catchy. It also has some great vocal work by Jay Northington (guitar, vocals) and Chris Matulich (guitar, vocals). It has that rough quality to it reminiscent of Social Distortion. The rest of the instrumentals by Gabe Lindeman (drums) and Mitchell T. Paglia (bass) are just as tight. The album is worth checking out if you haven't yet. Their song on this episode is titled, Ordinary Lives, off of, Borrowed Time.
Red Scare Industries


text:
Tom Gualtieri (Actor, Co-Adaptor)
TOM GUALTIERI is a performer, playwright, lyricist and director who maintains an ongoing collaboration with composer David Sisco. They recently performed together to accolades in Sisco's Bait n' Swish at Stage Left Studio. Gualtieri & Sisco have completed their musical, Falling to Earth, and have begun their next: I'm Afraid, You're Afraid, 448 Things to Fear and Why. Tom has written book and lyrics for musical shorts, The Supper at Elsinore (composer: Joy Son) and Last Call, My Darling (composer: William Wade). He has provided additional material for Broadway Bares and scripted for the Drama Desk Awards. In 2009, Tom directed His Greatness for the NY Fringe Festival and the Soho Playhouse. Tom was Artistic Associate at National Actors Theatre where he was Associate Director on Right You Are with Tony Randall, Penny Fuller and Maria Tucci and Assistant to Abby Mann on NAT's Broadway production of The Judgment at Nuremberg with Maximillian Schell, George Grizzard and Marthe Keller. He has twice been Associate Director to Nona Lloyd at NYMF: Sherlock Holmes: The Early Years and The Night of the Hunter in which he also appeared. He directed the premiere production of Shore Points by Richard Rodgers Award winner, Jeff Hughes. Tom has acted opposite Joanne Woodward in Hay Fever, Marin Mazzie in South Pacific (choreography by Rob Marshall) and had principal roles in Privates on Parade, Dragapella!, A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Rivals, and Cloud 9. Film work includes the award-winning short Bedfellows, as well as Fade to White, Rubberneck Disease, Blinding Goldfish and That's All She Wrote. He is a proud original cast member of Off-Broadway's Naked Boys Singing. Tom is the recipient of the Best Actor award from the National Gay & Lesbian Theatre Festival for BAIT. He is an advanced member of the BMI Workshop and was trained at Syracuse University.
www.tomgualtieri.com and www.gualtieriandsisco.com.
Heather Hill (Director, Co-Adaptor)
HEATHER HILL, a native of Kentucky, is a playwright, lyricist, and librettist. Her plays have received readings and workshops at numerous theaters, including The Royal Court, the Orange Tree Theatre in Richmond, England, The New Group, Primary Stages, The Vineyard Theater, The Kitchen Theater, The Belt, and Horizon Theater Company in Atlanta. Her play Notes from the Confederacy was developed under the mentorship of A.R. Gurney and the Cherry Lane Theater. Her play Eulogy for Boris the Relic Hunter, commissioned by The Regional Theater Company, was included in RTC's festival of shorts. Ms. Hill directed and co-adapted (with Tom Gualtieri) That Play: a solo Macbeth, which enjoyed a sold out run at the Midtown International Fringe Festival. Ms. Hill went on to direct That Play at The Kitchen Theater in Ithaca, as well as The Belt in New York. Ms. Hill is the recipient of two Hopwood Drama Awards, as well as a grant from The Kentucky Foundation for Women. In addition, she is a two-time finalist for The Princess Grace Award and a finalist for the Manhattan Theatre Club Fellowship. She received her M.F.A. from Columbia University where she was a Presidential Scholar. She is a member of the BMI Musical Theater Workshop.
www.heatherhillplaywright.com
Erin Hill (Original Music and Sound Design)
ERIN HILL is a singer, harpist, songwriter, actor and science fiction geek (and That Play counts for sci-fi thanks to the witches!) She's had a #1 album on the Billboard world chart and in the Top 40 on the Independent chart (2009). She's a singer, songwriter & musician on the Dream Jam Band's major label debut (2010, EMI). She's played with Kanye, moby, Enya, a-ha, Cyndi Lauper, Joan Osborne, Levon Helm and has played solo at The Royal Albert Hall. She's also known as The Pretty White Girl on Comedy Central's Chappelle's Show. Erin raised $35,000 with her Kickstarter campaign for her project "Erin Hill (the Sci-Fi Harp Girl) makes a Music Video Album" and ended up #32 in the Top 40 of Kickstarter's Most Funded music projects ever. "Giant Mushrooms," the first video from the Girl Inventor video album by Erin Hill & her Psychedelic Harp, is available on YouTube. Erin's top three YouTube videos have a total of over 100,000 views. Radio 3, BBC says "Beautiful! Voice exquisite, words telling tales everyone wants to hear." In the film Clear Blue Tuesday (2010), she's a composer, screenwriter and actor. The NY Times says: "Erin Hill, as a giddy, harp-playing Trekker, is a standout… The best and funniest scene in the film is Ms. Hill's." Erin played Sandra Mescal in the Tim Robbins film Cradle Will Rock and appears on the soundtrack. She's been on American Masters (as Rose of Sharon in The Grapes of Wrath), and on HBO's The Chris Rock Show. Erin was in the original Broadway casts of Titanic, Cabaret, and Urinetown and has twice been part of the Sundance Theater Lab in Utah, originating the role of Ilse in Spring Awakening with Duncan Sheik and as musical director for Lil's 90th (also at the Long Wharf Theater in 2010) with Jo Bonney. In 2010-11, Erin toured with the Lincoln Center production of South Pacific as harpist and pianist. Erin performed in Classic Stage Company's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, spring 2012, with Bebe Neuwirth & Christina Ricci.
www.erinhill.com
Sara James (Costume)
SARA JAMES has been living and working in NYC for more than 8 years. Her work has been seen at Dixon Place, Theater Row, Wings Theater, The Baryshnikov Arts Center, Michael Weller Theater, and The Public; working with such directors as Philip Shneidman, Kevin Newbury, Michael Bush, Alexa Polmer, Stacy McMath and choreographer Jessica Lang. Every fall she can be found at Radio City in the costume department for the Christmas Spectacular with the Rockettes. In the summers she usually escapes New York to the Santa Fe Opera, working as a design assistant to some of her favorite costume designers including Constance Hoffman and Allen Moyer. She holds an MFA in costume design from NYU.
"… delightfully nuanced … haunting and unsettling … "
– Times Square Chronicle