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Our people doing great things
Other Community topics: Events, Indigenous affairs, Organisations, People,
October 6th, 2009. Comments offTopics: Events People
Outstanding Achievement in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education
Diane McNaboe
Diane McNaboe was placed in OA classes all through her school career and received a Year 10 certificate. She commenced studies at university in her late thirties after raising her family and gained a Bachelor in Teaching. In 2007, she completed her Masters in Indigenous Languages and runs Wiradjuri language classes in numerous communities from Dubbo to Lithgow, at schools, TAFE and now the Charles Sturt University Campus in Dubbo. She is recognised by the Wiradjuri Elders Council for her contributions as a junior elder in her contribution to the Wiradjuri language revival.
Jilda Simpson
Jilda Simpson is the mastermind behind the UNSW Indigenous Winterschool. The Winterschool program started in 2005 with eight students. The 2009 Winterschool saw 150 students from all over the country go to UNSW for one week to experience university and realise the many opportunities that university can provide for individuals and their communities. Students returned to their communities inspired and motivated to continue and complete their high school studies and, potentially, attend university.
As a result of Jilda's work in the Winterschool and the support offered to Indigenous students, UNSW has the highest retention rate of Indigenous students in Australia. Jilda was the 2008 University Indigenous Education Partnerships Award Winner for her work on the Winterschool program. Jilda is also an inspiring teacher, teaching Indigenous and non-Indigenous students about Indigenous cultural heritage, popular culture and identity in a way that is uplifting and positive.
Professor Mick Dodson
Professor Dodson is currently a Director of Dodson, Bauman & Associates Pty Ltd – Legal & Anthropological Consultants. He is formerly the Director of the Indigenous Law Centre at the University of NSW, Kensington.
Mick Dodson was Australia's first Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner with the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity. He served as Commissioner from April 1993 to January 1998.
Born in Katherine, Northern Territory, Mick was educated in Katherine, Darwin and Victoria. He completed a Bachelor of Jurisprudence and a Bachelor of Laws at Monash University. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters from the University of Technology Sydney in 1998. He also holds an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of NSW. He worked with the Victorian Aboriginal Legal Service from 1976 to 1981, when he became a barrister at the Victorian Bar. He joined the Northern Land Council as Senior Legal Adviser in 1984 and became Director of the Council in 1990.
From August 1988 to October 1990 Mick was Counsel assisting the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. He has been a member of the Victorian Equal Opportunity Advisory Council and secretary of the North Australian Legal Aid Service. He is a member and the current Chairman of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. He is the former Chairman of the National Aboriginal Youth Law Centre Advisory Board. He is a former member of the National Children's & Youth Centre Board and is a former member of the Advisory panels of the Rob Riley and Koowarta Scholarships.
Mick is presently a member of the Publications Committee for the University of NSW Indigenous Law Reporter. He is a member of the New South Wales Judicial Commission and a former special commissioner with the Western Australian Law Reform Commission. He is a board member and Co-Chair of Reconciliation Australia and a board member of the Lingiari Foundation. He was a founding member and chairman of the Australian Indigenous Leadership Centre.
Mick Dodson has been a prominent advocate on land rights and other issues affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. He is a vigorous advocate of the rights and interests of the Indigenous Peoples of the world. He was the Co-Deputy Chair of the Technical Committee for the 1993 International Year of the World's Indigenous People. He was also chairman of the United Nations Advisory Group for the Voluntary Fund for the Decade of Indigenous Peoples. He served for five years as a member of the Board of Trustees of the United Nations Indigenous Voluntary Fund. In January 2005 Prof Dodson took up a three-year appointment as a member of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. He was recently reappointed for a further three years to December 2010.
Mick participated in the crafting of the text of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations and the Inter-sessional Working Group of the Human Rights Commission adopted overwhelmingly in 2007 by the United Nations General Assembly.
This Australian of the Year has made an impassioned plea for a decent education for all Australian children.
Professor Mick Dodson said the issue would define his work in 2009, the year he holds the honour. It comes in the context of the Australian Government's promise of an education revolution in Australia, but amid continuing rancour over the best approach where the most disadvantaged – Aboriginal children – are concerned.
May O'Brien
Born into the traditional life of the Wongatha people of WA and educated on the remote Mount Margaret Mission, Aboriginal author and educator May O'Brien has profoundly influenced Indigenous education. May became the first female Aboriginal teacher in Western Australia, fulfilling her dream and returning to the mission to teach.
As an educator over 25 years, May fought for Aboriginal rights and helped create opportunities for her people, bridging the gap between cultures. She helped establish Aboriginal committees on education around WA and worked on the first report into Aboriginal education. In 1984 she was awarded a Churchill Fellowship to study programs on Indigenous issues in the US, Canada and Great Britain, and went on to hold senior positions in the Department of Education. Since retiring, May has been writing children's books that include Aboriginal language. As an ambassador for numeracy and literacy, she remains involved in a wide range of community activities.
Outstanding Achievement in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health
Lynette Mowarin
Lynette Mowarin dedicated her life to Aboriginal Health, working in Roebourne Aboriginal Medical Centre, Mawarnkarra Health Service, WA. Lynette passed away earlier this year and will be remembered as an inspiring and dedicated community member whose passion was improving the health of Indigenous people.
Chicka Dixon
Charles 'Chicka' Dixon is one of the most influential figures in contemporary Aboriginal Australia. He grew up at Wallaga Lake and Wreck Bay on the New South Wales' south coast. At 14, he worked as a labourer on the waterfront at Port Kembla, where his involvement in strike action sparked an interest in politics. He then moved to Sydney, where he became active in trade union circles and took a leading role in the campaign for the 1967 Referendum.
Chicka was both an instigator and an organiser of the 1972 Aboriginal Tent Embassy. As one of the few experienced campaigners, he acted as a mentor for a firebrand group of young activists who sought to bring Aboriginal rights issues into the mainstream. His influence helped the tent embassy activists gain direct access to senior Government figures and was instrumental in encouraging the media to question the living conditions of Aboriginal Australians.
In 1984 Chicka Dixon was nominated for Aboriginal of the Year in recognition of his contributions to Aboriginal health, community development and culture. He continues to travel the country, lecturing and sharing his wisdom.
Dr Mark Wenitong
Dr Wenitong is now the Senior Medical Officer at Apumipima, the Cape York Health Council service that looks after the health issues and policies of Cape York communities with Federal and State Governments. Dr Wenitong has assisted in the setup of AIDA and has been instrumental in gaining much needed support for many health programs and organisations in Far North Queensland.
Tristram Pigram
Tristram Pigram is the captain of the Broome Saints football club and one of the leaders in the 'Alive and Kicking Goals' program, an innovative suicide-prevention program running in Broome, WA.
Contribution to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Employment
Traditional Credit Union (TCU), Northern Territory
Developed by a group of Aboriginal elders, TCU provides financial services, employment and education to remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory.
* TCU has 13 Arnhemland branches, employing more than 65 staff, 85 per cent of whom are Aboriginal. All remote branches and agencies are managed and staffed by Aboriginal people who live and work in their community.
* Specific recruitment practices cater for those with no prior job experience and low literacy or numeracy skills and take into consideration such things as family/clan issues between new and existing staff.
* All staff are encouraged and supported to participate in Financial Services training, including Nationally Recognised Training.
* Supports staff to maintain cultural and work obligations by providing leave and closing the branch, where appropriate.
* A new culturally appropriate induction program has reduced staff turnover from 35 per cent in 2005 to 21 percent in 2008.
* Won the National 2008 Reconciliation Australia Indigenous Governance Award for providing good governance and sustainable economic development for remote Indigenous people.
Northern Project Contracting P/L (NPC), Queensland
NPC is an Indigenous owned and operated company, providing contracting, training and labour hire services to the mining and civil construction industries.
* Employed primarily as a contractor and labour hire provider at MMG Century Mine, North-West Queensland, NPC currently employs 55 people in mining, 80 per cent of whom are Indigenous.
* Works closely with remote communities and provides tailored training, financial advice and mentoring – NPC's mentoring methods have resulted in retention rates of 70 per cent.
* NPC operates an Indigenous-specific mobile training school for people in Indigenous communities and high schools who wish to enter the mining and civil construction industries.
* In 2008, NPC beat 20 non-Indigenous companies to win a Queensland Smart State Award that recognised innovative training and successful outcomes.
Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT
Charles Darwin University's (CDU) Indigenous Employment and Retention Strategy aims to increase the number of Indigenous staff at the university across all levels, both general and academic, and provide an inclusive and welcoming environment.
* This year, eight apprentices received Certificates in the areas of Information Technology, Business Administration, Children's Services and Transport & Storage through the two-year Indigenous Apprenticeship Pilot Program, with funding from DEEWR under the Structured Training and Employment Program (STEP). Six were placed in full-time employment, and two commenced full-time Higher Education studies at CDU. Another Indigenous Apprenticeship Program will commence at the end of September 2009, which aims to employ 12 Indigenous Apprentices for two years.
* In 2009, two Indigenous Cadets graduated from a CDU Cadetship Program, funded by DEEWR; one was employed by the NT Government as an Indigenous Employment Consultant; the other graduate was employed as an English/SOSE teacher. Another two recipients are currently undertaking Cadetships and two further three-year Cadetships will be available by the end of 2009.
* Through CDU's Indigenous Work Experience Program, coordinated by Indigenous Employment Consultants, Indigenous secondary students from various Darwin high schools are hosted at CDU's schools, faculties and business units to gain practical transitional workplace skills and experience, as well as exposure to higher education courses. Due to high demand from schools, another week has been added to the current year's program.
ISS Facility Services Australia
ISS works with communities and offers employment in facility services, cleaning and office support. ISS is one of 40 employer organisations that committed to guaranteeing jobs for Indigenous people through the Australian Employment Covenant project, which aims to place 50,000 Indigenous people into employment in an industry of their choice.
* Initially committed to employing 50 people over an 18-month period across its Security, Open Spaces and Resources divisions, ISS has already appointed more than 44 Indigenous people in a 12-month period through the Structured Training & Employment Project (STEP), in partnership with the DEEWR. After committing to the Australian Employment Covenant, ISS implemented the inaugural AEC Job Set Training Program in the Pilbara region, WA.
* During ISS's Indigenous Hospitality Work Start Program in the Pilbara, 11 participants were trained in Kitchen and Food Service Operations, Food Preparation, Housekeeping Operations and First Aid, achieving a Certificate II in Hospitality. They also undertook rostered work experience, and participated in community events to practice their skills. This program served as the foundation for deployment of the ISS Pilbara Indigenous Training Academy strategy.
* Worked with Rio Tinto and Ashburton Aboriginal Corporation to recruit graduates from the Onslow Traditional Owner Pre-Employment Program to enter the Resources sector. Eleven Onslow Traditional Owners completed a 10-week pre-employment program and worked for six months in town services roles, including catering, cleaning, office administration and grounds maintenance.
* Provides Mungabayi Business Association Pty Ltd with mentoring and training support to 30 staff for its cleaning services contract at MMG Century Mine, Lawn Hill, Qld.
* Developed an alliance with Marnda Mia Central Negotiating Committee to provide support for measurable improvements in local Indigenous employment outcomes in the Pilbara region.
* Partnered with IPA Personnel to deliver a recruitment program for sourcing, training, placement and post-employment mentoring of Indigenous job seekers.
* ISS sponsored a scholarship place for an Indigenous business leader on the inaugural AICD Indigenous Business Leaders Company Directors Course.
* In 2008, ISS was recognised by DEEWR as a Corporate Leader in Indigenous Employment.
Broadcaster of the Year
Carly Wallace (4K1G)
From 2004-2007, Carly Wallace volunteered her time at TAIMA, 4KIG, doing her own request and music programs, as well as filling in for various presenters and presenting nearly every major program on 4K1G. She completed her Certificate III and IV in Radio Broadcasting at Bachelor Institute NT. In 2006 she participated in the Young Leadership Forum, and in 2008 she was a member of the Indigenous Advanced Leadership Forum. Since mid-2007 she has been 4K1G's sole breakfast announcer. Her goals and aspirations are to explore all types of media, and to go back to her homelands of the Atherton tablelands to start up the first Indigenous radio station there. She is a truly inspirational young woman doing great things for the Indigenous community.
Dwaylene Brown (Umewarra Media)
Dwaylene Brown is a young trainee at Umewarra Aboriginal Media Association, which she joined in November 2008. She presents three programs on air, including a Language Program and a Culture Program. She has just scripted her own advertisement for a campaign, which was very successful. She is a role model in the community. She has put much of her own time into learning radio and also attends local events. She has recently received a Port Augusta NAIDOC award for her achievements in radio and also a Youth Merit Award from Rotary.
Steve Gumerungi Hodder (CAAMA)
Steve Gumerungi Hodder hails from the Lardil Aboriginal people of Mornington Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria, which is home to the renowned Woomera Mornington Island Aboriginal Dance Company. Steve has lived in Mbantua Alice Springs for more than 20 years, working mainly in the Art and Media. Steve has been involved with CAAMA for almost 10 years. He has been Senior Radio News Journalist and Current Affairs Presenter for about twi years and also tried his hand as Remote Indigenous Broadcaster for CAAMA radio. He is committed to social justice and youth issues for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, which he comments on through spoken word and hip-hop performances and workshops from Warburton in the WA desert to Aurukun on Cape York Peninsula.
Marlene Cummins (Koori Radio)
Aunty Marlene has been on-air at Koori Radio for over five years as the Presenter of "Our Yura" weekdays from 1pm to 4pm. Marlene also hosts the very popular Blues music show Marloo's Bloo's on Sundays from 10am to 12pm, which she has done for 11 years making it one of the longest lasting music shows on 93.7FM.
Harbour backdrop for Deadlys
Deadlys Nominees 2011: Female Artist of the Year
Deadlys Nominees 2011: Outstanding Achievement in Literature
Who's Deadly? The countdown begins
Vibe 3on3 returns to Goulburn
Tags: Broome, Deadlys, Deadlys 2009, The Kimberley


Are you a Residential Property Solicitor looking for an exciting chance to work at a traditional, long-standing, quality-driven firm?
This firm are sympathetic and supportive throughout, and this reflects on their great employee retention rates, sense of fun throughout every department, interdepartmental teamwork and cohesion, and close relationships with their clients.
They have a tremendous sense of fair play, fun, and every employee enjoys going to work every day. The firm hold a really strong heritage in throughout Hampshire and the South coast, providing legal services for over 150 years.
This firm are looking for a Residential Property Solicitor to join their flourishing Winchester, Hampshire office.
The team find that good results are achieved by working closely with clients and building up relationships of trust and mutual respect. This role will cover all aspects of Residential Conveyancing including re-mortgages, sales and purchases of freehold and leasehold property and transfers of equity. You will benefit from incredible prospects for progression.
This is a great opportunity for a Residential Property Solicitor to join this flourishing heavyweight practice in their Winchester, Hampshire office.


The Inverness Reds will be running a supporters bus to the home leg Europa League qualifier against Burnley on Thursday 26 July 2018.
The bus will leave Inverness at 3.30pm from Morrisons, Millburn Road and can pick-up en-route along the A96.
Everyone will need to secure their own tickets for this match.
We'll be posting more info about the away leg later this week.


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New York. MoMA. Judd
1992, Marfa, Texas, USA --- Artist Donald Judd --- Image by © Christopher Felver/CORBIS
The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA PS1, and the MoMA Stores in New York City have closed temporarily. Updates to be announced
Donald Judd. Untitled. 1969. Clear anodized aluminum and blue Plexiglas; four units, each 48 × 60 × 60? (121.9 × 152.4 × 152.4 cm), with 12? (30.5 cm) intervals. Overall: 48 × 276 × 60? (121.9 × 701 × 152.4 cm). Saint Louis Art Museum. Funds given by the Shoenberg Foundation, Inc. © 2020 Judd Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
The Museum of Modern Art's exhibition Judd, on view in The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Center for Special Exhibitions in The David and Peggy Rockefeller Building from March 1 through July 11, 2020, will be the first major US retrospective dedicated to Donald Judd (1928–1994) in over three decades. Presented solely at MoMA, the exhibition will explore the remarkable vision of an artist who revolutionized the history of sculpture, highlighting the full scope of Judd's career through 70 works in sculpture, painting, and drawing, from public and private collections in the US and abroad.
Donald Judd. Untitled. 1960. Oil on canvas, 70 × 47 7/8? (177.8 × 121.6 cm). National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa © 2020 Judd Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
Organized by Ann Temkin, The Marie-Josée and Henry Kravis Chief Curator of Painting and Sculpture, with Yasmil Raymond, former associate curator; Tamar Margalit, Curatorial Assistant; and Erica Cooke, Research Fellow, Department of Painting and Sculpture.
The exhibition is made possible by Hyundai Card.
Leadership support is provided by the Henry Luce Foundation and Repossi.
Joan Semmel Retrospective at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
Generous funding is provided by The Thomas H. Lee and Ann Tenenbaum Endowed Fund, and The Lunder Foundation-Peter and Paula Lunder Family.
Support for the publication is provided by the Jo Carole Lauder Publications Fund of The International Council of The Museum of Modern Art.
MoMA Audio is supported by Bloomberg Philanthropies.
artsexhibitionsnew york

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


BOILER rooms are the call centres like no other. They exist only to rip you off. Now someone who worked there has revealed what it's really like.
MOST call centres, no matter what their business is, exist because they want your money. They can be annoying, persistent or even intrusive. And sometimes they can be criminal.
That is exactly what so-called boiler rooms are. They are effectively professionally run call centres serious about ripping hardworking Australians off.
And the really bad news is they are popping up throughout Australia, almost as fast as they can be closed.
Authorities admit even if the masterminds are caught it is difficult to lock them up.
One Australian man got a glimpse at how they operated when he worked on the Gold Coast several years ago.
"What a disgrace and a blight these places are on the Gold Coast," Tim* said.
He saw how two of them operated.
"In my initial interview for the Surfers boiler room job, I really felt so pressured to take the job.
When he walked out of there he felt "guilty" for leaving, such was the strength of their mind games.
Other telemarketing jobs he took were just as brutal with "chook pen cubicles" with predictive diallers and "no let up for four hours at a time". Five minute breaks were taken every two hours.
"I think the main feeling was one of pressure. Obviously, you're in the job to make sales or introduce an idea to people that will lead to a sale and you kind of get on a roll once you hit the phones," he said.
Usually the day started with a meeting, where goals were set, and then staff hit the phones.
"You work to the script and use your own powers of persuasion to get people to do what you want ... They frowned on staff chatting amongst themselves during "phone time".
Tim said there was very little complaint among co-workers for fear of being fired and there was never any deviating from the script.
Another Australian who worked in boiler rooms overseas told news.com.au of the shame he felt ever being involved in them.
That was a decade ago though but he is in doubt that the ones operating in Australia.
Detective Superintendent Brian Hay said the Gold Coast had sadly become a "mecca" for boiler rooms which he said were nothing more than "criminal call centres".


One of the things I try to encourage in all students and develop in all my classes is an appreciation for probability. The inclusion of this is obvious in a statistics class, but it is something vital for understanding the world around us, particularly when it comes to economic and business policy. For those that listened to my show with JT at the end of September much of this may seem repetitious, but it is important enough that it bears repeating.
Continue reading What's that in the sky?


Despite efforts from many local residences across New Eden to open diplomatic relations with Final Ultimatums executive management team about a seize fire arrangement have failed. Final has said for the record "We will not stop, we will not lie and we will not fail" So far they've lived up to the expectations and continue to cause havoc on locals.
Seems they simply don't give a F*^%$ who it is they war dec against and will push forward with continued relentless attacks.


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Bryce Vine (Sire/Warner Bros. Records)
WHAT IT IS: Bryce Vine presents a genre-bending, East-meets-West sound all his own, which prompted Entertainment Weekly to praise his "boundary-pushing aesthetic" and hail Bryce as one of the "artists who will rule 2018." His current single, "Drew Barrymore," is climbing the Top 40 radio chart and has helped earn him more than 5m Spotify monthly listeners and 222m total U.S. streams. Taylor Swift even added the single to her Favorite Songs playlist. He was recently named a YouTube Artist on the Rise and a Pepsi Soundrop Artist, before becoming the most-viewed artist on the Soundrop platform. He self-released his debut EP, Lazy Fair, racking up 20m+ plays on breakout track "Sour Patch Kids" and garnering shared marquees with the likes of G-Eazy, Big Sean and Kyle. Vine will drop his major label debut as the first artist signed to the newly relaunched Sire Records in early 2019.
ALBUM: Circus
SINGLE: "Drew Barrymore"
TV: Seth Meyers (8/2018), MTV VMAs pre-show (2018), Audience Network (1/2019)
LIVE: Opened for Timeflies and performed at major festivals including Firefly and North Coast in 2018; starts a U.S. headline tour in 500-1,000 seaters next spring
INTERNET: More than 101M total single streams; was #46 on Billboard Hot 100, Top 10 on Pandora Top Spins chart, Top 10 on U.S. Shazam chart; currently charting in the Shazam Top 100 in over 22 countries; more than 41m YouTube views
RADIO: Impacted Top 40 radio on 5/1 and is #15 on the format's chart this week; also peaked at #14 at Rhythm
PRESS: Entertainment Weekly ("Bryce Vine is infusing his hip-hop tunes with an alternative feel in ways that, well, actually rock."), Vibe ("You can't put Bryce Vine in a box"), People ("Rising star"), Time ("Vine sounds like the definition of cool as he effortlessly switches between unhurried rap and R&B-infused singing"), Teen Vogue
BOOKING: Josh Rittenhouse/APA Agency
PUBLISHING: BMI
MANAGEMENT: Matt Maltese/OK. rad Management


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BREAKING: FL GOV RICK SCOTT ORDERS FLAGS TO BE AT HALF-STAFF IN HONOR OF CHATTANOOGA VICTIMS
This is great news but the governors of all states should do the same. That would send a message to our treasonous president.
Governor Rick Scott on Monday directed the flags of the United States and the State of Florida to be flown at half-staff in honor of the four Marines and U.S. Navy sailor who were shot and killed at two military facilities in Chattanooga, Tennessee last week.
The governor's office said the flags will remain at half-staff until sunset on the day of the final military member's date of interment.
The dead Marines were identified as Sgt. Carson A. Holmquist of Polk, Wisconsin, Gunnery Sgt. Thomas J. Sullivan of Hampden, Massachusetts, Lance Cpl. Squire K. 'Skip' Wells of Cobb County, Georgia, and Staff Sgt. David A. Wyatt of Burke, North Carolina.
Navy Petty Officer 2nd Class Randall Smith of Paulding, Ohio died two days after the attack.
Authorities say Kuwait-born Muhammad Youssef Abdulazeez, 24, of Hixson, Tennessee, unleashed a barrage of fire at a recruiting center in Chattanooga, then drove several miles away to a Navy and Marine reserve center, where he shot and killed the Marines, and wounded the sailor. Abdulazeez was shot to death by police.
Via: mynews13


The market for MEMS microphones and ECMs, micro-speakers and audio ICs will be worth $20B in 2022.
Audio is becoming a key function of multiple existing and new products that increasingly has to be analyzed as a complete landscape compared to independent devices. From mobile phones to cars, from home assistants to drones, audio products like microphones, speakers and audio integrated circuits (ICs) are essential for all the new systems driving consumer electronic markets. The total audio business was worth more than $15B in 2016. With a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) close to 6%, in 2022, the audio device market will be worth $20B and become a key feature in all the applications it is involved in. And there's clearly room for more added value in the audio supply and value chain, as well as other significant changes.
In 2016, Yole estimates that the MEMS microphone market has almost reached the $1B milestone, with a value of $993M. Combined with the $700M electret condenser microphone (ECM) market, now the acquisition of sound is almost a $2B value market. The µspeaker market is estimated to be worth $8.7B, (meaning speakers less than two inches in diameter). In addition to these two visible elements of the audio chain, the audio IC market, which includes codecs, digital signal processors (DSPs) and amplifiers, is estimated to be worth $4.3B in 2016.
This new Yole report describes the evolution of the three audio functions, microphones, speakers and audio ICs, technical trends, as well as the evolution of the strategies of the main players to capture a larger part of this fast-growing field.
With the emergence of virtual assistants like Alexa, Cortana, Siri, OK Google and Bixby, microphones are becoming mandatory as the central voice command hub. There is continuous improvement of audio quality including voice recognition, noise cancellation, wind cancellation and person identification. There has also been a multiplication of platforms embedding microphones, including smartwatches, hearables and cars. The microphone market will therefore expand continuously and reach more than 8 billion units by 2022, with an 11% CAGR. New technologies are also around the corner, potentially disrupting the existing equilibrium between MEMS microphones and ECM.
In the meantime, micro-speakers are also growing thanks to classical dynamic speakers and balanced armature technologies, both valued at $8.7B in 2016. These two technologies will compete in the future with MEMS speakers, which became a realistic prospect several years ago and will soon be available on the market. Yole expects market entry for MEMS technology within two years with a potential market value reaching $100M in 2022. Miniaturization and better audio quality are driving adoption, in addition to evolution of the existing technologies.
Between the microphone and the microspeaker, codecs, DSPs and amplifier audio ICs play a key role. This is where there is a huge battle in the smartphone and wearable industries to get access to functions. Audio IC suppliers and audio processing unit providers are hunting the best added value. Audio IC suppliers like Cirrus Logic, Realtek and Maxim Integrated are bringing added value through discrete components and highly valuable algorithms. Audio processing unit (APU) providers like Qualcomm, HiSilicon and Apple are trying to absorb this value by integrating audio ICs in the design of their application processor. Drawbacks and advantages of both solutions can be discussed but the future of audio ICs is currently undergoing deep changes. Yole estimates that the audio IC market will be worth more than $4.3B in 2016, reaching $6B by 2022.
Since the early 2000s the microphone MEMS die market has been dominated by two giants. Infineon and Sony supplied more than 4 billion die chips last year to the top three MEMS microphone suppliers: Knowles, Goertek and AAC. This represents more than 70% of the market. This ranking has been established for a few years, but the market shares have been shifting quite rapidly. Knowles has been the undisputed leader since 2003, but is now challenged by its Chinese competitors Goertek and AAC, who are particularly aggressive on price and delivering products with improving performance. Newcomers like VesperMEMS are on track to take share in this market thanks to performance that is well suited for growing markets like wearables and mobile. At the other end of the audio chain, the microspeaker market is quite fragmented. There are lots of players, coming mainly from Asia, with several companies being both involved in microphone and speakers like AAC, Knowles, Goertek and others. New applications like wearables, hearables and portable sound systems are opportunities for new entrants like Audiopixel and USound to introduce their MEMS technologies and disrupt a market looking desperately for innovation. The audio IC company landscape is also experiencing profound changes. This includes M&A and deeper involvement of system makers, especially in consumer electronics, which brings players like Apple, and giants like Qualcomm and HiSilicon to integrate the added value into their devices, which squeezes the specialized IC makers.


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Georgia man killed after being thrown from and pinned beneath car
The Georgia State Patrol told Channel 3 Irvin Cochran, 52, from Chatsworth was killed at a private residence off Hyden Taylor Road.
Friday, August 30th 2013, 9:05 AM EDT
Friday, August 30th 2013, 2:48 PM EDT
One man is dead after being thrown from a car in Murray County, Ga. Thursday night.
The GSP said Cochran was a passenger in a 2001 Ford Explorer traveling in a field when it made an abrupt left turn.
Cochran was thrown from the car and pinned beneath the overturned Ford. He died at the scene.
Three other people were in the car at the time of the accident.
"The vehicle was on the passenger side door right here where the orange markers are," said Chris Silvers.
Chris Silvers, 26, revisited the field Friday morning where his older cousin died the night before.
"It [the car] was laying on its top and Irvin ended up right about here," he said. "Must've just hit this dip right here is the only thing I can tell."
About a mile from the field is the road where Irvin lived, the road where most his family lives, and the road where Chris was when he heard the sirens from ambulances and fire trucks Thursday night. The family calls that area of Chatsworth "Cochranville."
Chris followed the sirens to the field.
"He was family I was trying to do what I could for him," Chris said. "First paramedic tried CPR and everything and I was holding Irvin's head and patting him on his face telling him to wake up. He took a breathe and just turned purple"
Chris isn't sure what exactly happened in the field but he knows how he'll remember his cousin.
"Always had a smile on his face. He was outgoing. had a wonderful personality. Would do anything he could to help anybody," he said. "I just hope he made peace with God and didn't feel nothin when it happened, you know?"
The GSP is investigating and charges will be pending the completion of their investigation.
Cochran was not wearing a seat belt.


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quillmitten1
Uncovering the Secrets Behind Monkey Keno
The Keno machine is among the most famous and probably most influential gambling items ever invented. Keno is an easy lottery-type gambling game available now, commonly played at many state lotteries, and even sold as a real game at some upscale casinos. If you're looking for a fun new way to spend your Saturday night, why don't you go out and attempt Keno? It's fun, simple, and it adds a bit of thrill to the otherwise mundane prospect of lining up and waiting in line to play in a public casino.
The basic mechanics of the Keno game are relatively simple and easy to un...
How to Know More About the Pai Cattle
The Pai Cow is one of Australia's most iconic creatures. It is a resident of central Australia and resides from flooded forests, mountain lakes and wetlands. It has long, wide paws, short horns, and tufted ears. It is the only creature in the world that owns both ears and a tail that rotate in a clockwise movement. It's the sole Australian mammal that's even the most populous land mammal.
The Pai Cow got its name from the Pai tribe of the Murrumbidgee of central Australia. The tribe is now. But their remains have been found near lake Pelly in South Australia. When Eur...
Blackjack – Basic Strategy
Blackjack, formerly called Vingt-Un and Black Jack, is the American version of the European game called Twenty-One, whose derivatives comprise the British game of Pontoon. In its most popular form, blackjack is performed using a deck of cards organized in four suits from ace to king; the card matches are spade, club, heart, diamond and king. Cards are marked off every suit with the number I, ii, iii or iv depending on the lawsuit whose card it belongs to. Cards are dealt off the table in this order, starting from ace to king.
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text:
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This lady in Gondolia asks your help finding a flower that her lover was supposed to give her before he died. This flower is the desert rose found somewhere on the sands of Gallopolis.
The flower is a golden sparkly spot on the sands at the southeast corner of the Gallopolis Region. Grab it to be taken back to the client for your bounty.


text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}

Abstractly, the Nature can be examined as a system of states and actions.
State is a general concept that defines existence, structure, organization,
and conservation of all matter's systems, and that stipulates properties,
inner relationships of all things and phenomena. Action is an operation that
manifests self-influence and inter-influence of states, that presents
dynamic power and impulsion of motion and development. Generally, state is
object on which actions do. Each state has its action. Self-action makes
state conservable and developable. Action of one state on other forms
interaction between them. Self-action and inter-action cause variation of
state from one to other. That variation establishes a general law of motion.

Following this way I advance a new principle -- that is called
Variant Principle. Utilizing this principle as the most general
principle I hope that it is useful for research on a logically
systematic method to review known laws and to predict unknown
laws. And it is a groundwork to unify interactions of nature. I
believe that some of the readers of this article will find out
that this principle explains naturally inner origin of variation,
rules evolutionary processes of things, and perhaps they will be
the ones to complete the quest for theories of the Universe.

The article is organized as follows. In Section 2, I advance the ideas and
concepts for leading the equation of motion. That is just the foundation of
the variant principle. A phenomenon in physics is illustrated by this
principle in Section 3. Conclusion is given in Section 4.

\section{THE EQUATION OF MOTION}

In the Nature, any state and its action are constituent elements of a
subject that I call it \textit{actor},
\begin{equation}
A=({\mathbb{A}}\text{ }\&\text{ }\widehat{\mathrm{A}}),
\tag{I}
\end{equation}
where ${\mathbb{A}}$ is state, and $\widehat{\mathrm{A}}$ is its action
operator.

\begin{enumerate}
\item  For any system in which there is only one \textit{actor} $\{A\}$,
that \textit{actor} is in self-action. This fact causes \textit{actor}
either to be conserved or to be varied by action of itself with respect to
all its possible inner degrees of freedom. Conservation makes \textit{actor}
invariant. But variation obeys an equation of motion,
\begin{equation}
\widehat{\mathrm{A}}{\mathbb{A}}=0,
\tag{II}
\end{equation}
where action operator $\widehat{\mathrm{A}}$ may include differentiation,
integration, and/or other formal operations doing with respect to some
degrees of freedom (such as space, time, and/or some variable), depending on
actually physical problems, and ${\mathbb{A}}$ may naturally be a state
function describing some considered object. The value `$0$' on the right
hand side of Eq. (II) means that variation of \textit{actor} approaches to
stability -- invariance, i.e. self-action is equal to zero when variation
finishes.

Solution of the equation of motion describes variant process of \textit{actor%
}. \textit{Actor} varies and finally becomes to a new \textit{actor}, that is
solution of the equation of motion when variation finishes.

\item  For any system consisting of many \textit{actor}s $\{A_{1};A_{2};...\}
$, each \textit{actor} is in its self-action and actions from others. This
fact causes each \textit{actor} to be varied by actions of itself and others
with respect to all its possible inner and outer degrees of freedom. This
variation obeys an equation of motion,
\begin{equation}
(\widehat{\mathrm{A}}_{1};\widehat{\mathrm{A}}_{2};...)({\mathbb{A}}_{1};%
{\mathbb{A}}_{2};...)=0,
\tag{III}
\label{muleq}
\end{equation}
where action operators $\widehat{\mathrm{A}}_{i}$ of \textit{actor} $A_{i}$
are operations doing with respect to some degrees of freedom, and states $%
{\mathbb{A}}_{i}$ of \textit{actor} $A_{i}$ are functions characterized by
considered objects. The value `$0$' on the right hand side of Eq. (III)
means that actions are equal to zero when variations of \textit{actor}s
finishes, i.e. variations of \textit{actor}s approaches to stability --
invariance. In fact, Eq. (III) is an advanced form of Eq. (II).

Solutions of the equations of motion of \textit{actor}s describe their
variant processes. All \textit{actor}s vary and finally become a new
\textit{actor} $A$, that is solution of the equations of motion when
variations of \textit{actor}s finishes:
\begin{equation}
A=[A_{1},A_{2},...],
\tag{IV}
\end{equation}
where \textit{actor}s are in the same dimension of interaction.

\begin{itemize}
\item[{*}]  For a system consisting of many \textit{actor}s $%
\{A_{1};A_{2};...\}$, the whole system can be considered as a total \textit{%
actor} which includes component \textit{actor}s,
\begin{equation}
\{A\}=\{A_{1};A_{2};...\}.
\tag{V}
\end{equation}
Thereby, \textit{actor} $A$ is in self-action, and it either self-conserves
or self-varies with respect to all its possible inner degrees of freedom.
And variation obeys an equation of motion (II).
\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}

Hence, the variant principle is stated as follows:

\begin{itemize}
\item[-]  \emph{In the Nature every actor varied by actions of itself and
others with respect to all possible degrees of freedom to become some new
actor is solution of the equation of motion that describes its variant
process.}
\end{itemize}

Indeed, every variation is caused by action of \textit{actor} onto state,
variation is to escape from action, or in other words, state varies to be
agreeable to action. This fact means that under actions \textit{actor} must
vary anyway with respect to all possible degrees of freedom --
transportation facilities to become new \textit{actor}, and that its speed
of variation is dependent on power of action, which is manifested by
conservation of \textit{actor}.

Eigenvalue of action is expressed as instrument to promote variation, as
easiness of variation. Its value over some degree of freedom shows
probability of variation following this direction.

Any \textit{actor} which is done by some action must vary somehow over all
possible degrees of freedom to become new \textit{actor} which is no longer
to be done by any action. That process shows continuous variation of \textit{%
actor} from the beginning to closing.

Therefore, this reality proves that variation is imperative to have its
cause, to have its agent, and that property of variation obeys the equation
of motion.

Thereby, from Eqs. (II) and (III), equation of motion can be built for any
physical law. Using these equations (II) and (III) for research into physics
is considered in the next section. I hope that the readers will understand
more profoundly about the variant principle.

\section{The Rule of Universe's Evolution}

The simplest form of self-action is expansion of actor about some degree of
freedom,
\begin{equation}
e^{\delta x\ \widehat{\partial }_{x}}f(x)=f(x+\delta x). \label{functor}
\end{equation}

Here is just the equation of motion for any quantity $f(x)$, with $x$ degree
of freedom, and $\delta x$ infinitesimal of $x$.

Universe's evolution is described as a law of causality \cite{anh1} essentially
based on just this expansion. The form of Eq.\ (\ref{functor}) is nothing but Taylor's
series. Derivatives of $f(x)$ with respect to $x$ is just variations of $%
f(x) $ over the degree of freedom $x$.

Eq.\ (\ref{functor}) has an important application in modelling the multiplication and the
combination of quanta.

Call $\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,...$ quanta. For each quantum there is a rule
of multiplication as follows
\begin{equation}
\alpha ^{n}\rightarrow e^{\partial _{\alpha }}\alpha
^{n}=\sum_{i=0}^{n}C_{i}^{n}\alpha ^{n-i}=(\alpha +1)^{n}  \label{multy}
\end{equation}
where $n$ is order of combination, $\delta \alpha =1$, and $C_{i}^{n}$ is
binary coefficient.

Using Eq.\ (\ref{multy}) I consider two stages in the process of the Universe's
evolution: doublet and triplet.

For two interactive quanta the rule of multiplication reads
\end{multicols}
\rule{8.4cm}{.1mm}\rule{-.1mm}{.1mm}\rule{.1mm}{2mm}
\begin{equation}
\alpha ^{n},\beta ^{n}\rightarrow \frac{1}{2}(e^{\beta \partial _{\alpha
}}\alpha ^{n}+e^{\alpha \partial _{\beta }}\beta
^{n})=\sum_{i=0}^{n}C_{i}^{n}\alpha ^{n-i}\beta ^{i}=(\alpha +\beta )^{n}. \label{doublet}
\end{equation}
And similar to three interactive quanta
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha ^{n},\beta ^{n},\gamma ^{n}\rightarrow \frac{1}{3}(e^{(\beta +\gamma
)\partial _{\alpha }}\alpha ^{n}+e^{(\gamma +\alpha )\partial _{\beta
}}\beta ^{n}+e^{(\alpha +\beta )\partial _{\gamma }}\gamma ^{n})
&=&\sum_{m}^{n}\sum_{i}^{m}C_{m}^{n}C_{i}^{m}\alpha ^{n-m}\beta
^{m-i}\gamma ^{i}  \nonumber \\
&=&(\alpha +\beta +\gamma )^{n}.  \label{triplet}
\end{eqnarray}
And so fourth. Eqs.\ (\ref{doublet}) and (\ref{triplet}) can be drawn as schemata.

\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{cccccccccccccc}
\vdots &  &  &  & \cdots &  & \cdots &  & \cdots &  & \cdots &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\overline{2} &  &  &  &  &  & \overline{1} &  & \overline{1} &  &  &  &  &
\\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
0 &  &  &  &  &  &  & \bigcirc &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\underline{2} &  &  &  &  &  & 1 &  & 1 &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\underline{2}\otimes \underline{2}=\underline{3}\oplus \underline{1} &  &  &
&  & 1 &  & 2 &  & 1 &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\underline{2}\otimes \underline{2}\otimes \underline{2}=\underline{4}\oplus
\underline{2}\oplus \underline{2} &  &  &  & 1 &  & 3 &  & 3 &  & 1 &  &  &
\\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\vdots &  &  & 1 &  & 4 &  & 6 &  & 4 &  & 1 &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\vdots & \cdots &  & \cdots &  & \cdots &  & \cdots &  & \cdots &  & \cdots
&  & \cdots
\end{array} \label{pastri}
\end{equation}
is the schema for Eq.\ (\ref{pastri}), where $\underline{2}$ means two quanta $\alpha $
and $\beta $. The numbers in the triangle is the binary coefficients which
are called weights of classes. For example,
\begin{equation*}
\underline{2}\otimes \underline{2}=\underline{3}\oplus \underline{1}=
\begin{array}{ccccc}
&  & 1 &  &  \\
1 & \text{--------} & 1 & \text{--------} & 1
\end{array}
.
\end{equation*}
And similar to Eq.\ (\ref{triplet}) it reads

\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{cccccccccccccc}
\vdots  &  &  &  & \overline{1} &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
\overline{3} &  &  & \overline{1} &  &  & \overline{1} &  &  &  &  &  &  &
\\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
0 &  &  &  &  & \bigcirc  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
3 &  &  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  & 2 &  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  &  &  \\
\underline{3}\otimes \underline{3}=\underline{6}\oplus \overline{3} &  &  &
&  & \mathbf{2} &  &  & \mathbf{2} &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  & \mathbf{1} &  &  & 3 &  &  & 3 &  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  \\
\underline{3}\otimes \underline{3}\otimes \underline{3}=\underline{10}\oplus
8\oplus 8\oplus 1 &  &  &  & \mathbf{3} &  &  & 6 &  &  & \mathbf{3} &  &  &
\\
&  &  &  &  &  & \mathbf{3} &  &  & \mathbf{3} &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  \\
& \mathbf{1} &  &  & 4 &  &  & 6 &  &  & 4 &  &  & \mathbf{1} \\
&  &  & \mathbf{4} &  &  & 12 &  &  & 12 &  &  & \mathbf{4} &  \\
\underline{3}\otimes \underline{3}\otimes \underline{3}\otimes \underline{3}
&  &  &  &  & \mathbf{6} &  &  & 12 &  &  & \mathbf{6} &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  &  &  & \mathbf{4} &  &  & \mathbf{4} &  &  &  \\
\vdots  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  & \mathbf{1} &  &  &  &
\end{array}
\end{equation}
where $\underline{3}$ means three quanta $\alpha $, $\beta $ and $\gamma $.
The coefficients in the pyramid are weights of classes,
\begin{equation*}
\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
&  &  &  & $1$ &  &  &  &  \\
&  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ &  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ &  &  \\
& - & - & - & - & - & - & - & - \\
$\underline{3}\otimes \underline{3}=\underline{6}\oplus \overline{3}=$ & $%
\mathbf{1}$ &  &  & $1$ &  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ &  \\
&  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ &  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ &  &  \\
&  &  &  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ &  &  &
\end{tabular}
,
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{tabular}{llllllll}
&  &  &  & $1$ &  &  &  \\
& - & - & - & - & - & - & - \\
$\underline{3}\otimes \overline{3}=1\oplus 8=$ &  & $1$ &  &  & $1$ &  &  \\
& $\mathbf{1}$ &  &  & $2$ &  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ \\
&  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ &  &  & $\mathbf{1}$ &
\end{tabular}
.
\end{equation*}
\hspace{9cm}\rule{.1mm}{-4mm}\rule{.1mm}{.1mm}\rule{8cm}{.1mm}
\begin{multicols}{2}
It is easily to identify that the above schemata have the forms similar to
the $SU(2)$ and the $SU(3)$ groups. This means that for $n$ quanta there is
a corresponding schema according to the $SU(n)$ group, and the
multiplication and the combination of the Universe conform to the $SU$
group. This rule is studied further in Ref. \cite{anh2}.

\section{CONCLUSION}

The theory of causality \cite{chi} is very useful to understand about the cause of
variation. The coexistence of two different actors causes a contradiction.
The solution to contradiction makes contradiction varied. That variation is
just one of each actor inclining to become a new actor. It means the
difference and the contradiction of two actors have inclining towards zero.
Indeed, every system comes to equilibrium, stability. A some state which has
any immanent contradiction must vary to become a new one having no
contradiction.

The variant principle deals with the law of variation of actors, describes
only actors with their actions and states, not to mention the difference and
even the contradiction in them. In insight the variant principle is more
elementary and easier to understand than the causal principle since
everything is referred as actor existing in nature. Self-action and
inter-action of actors onto their states cause the world to be in motion and
in variation.

Although the variant principle gives a powerful fundamental for application
to research into laws of nature, there is no rule arisen yet for formulizing
self-action and inter-action operators. However, there are some ways to
enter operators in the equation of motion that I hope that in some next
article this ways will be synthesized to a standard rule.

For instance, in the quantum electromagnetic dynamics the equations of
motion of the electron-positron and the electromagnetic field are:
\begin{eqnarray*}
i\gamma ^{\mu }\partial _{\mu }\psi (x)+\frac{m_{e}c}{\hbar }\psi (x)+\frac{e%
}{\hbar }\gamma ^{\mu }A_{\mu }(x)\psi (x) &=&0, \\
\square A_{\mu }+ie\overline{\psi }(x)\gamma _{\mu }\psi (x) &=&0.
\end{eqnarray*}
The first line is the equation of motion of electron, the first term
corresponds to the variation of electron with respect to space-time, the
second gives conservation of electron, and the third is action of the
electromagnetic field onto electron. The second line can be rewritten as
\begin{equation*}
\partial ^{\nu }F_{\nu \mu }-J_{\mu }=0,
\end{equation*}
that is nothing but the Maxwell equation, with $F_{\nu \mu }=\partial _{\nu
}A_{\mu }-\partial _{\mu }A_{\nu }$ the electromagnetic field tenser, $%
A_{\mu }$ the 4-dimensional potential, $J_{\mu }=-ie\overline{\psi }%
(x)\gamma _{\mu }\psi (x)$ the 4-dimensional current density, the first term
corresponds to the variation of the electromagnetic field, the second is the
external current density of the electromagnetic field, (here the mass of
photon is zero, so the mass term is not present).

This example is easy to show that:

\begin{itemize}
\item[--]  The variation done over some degree of freedom is expressed as
derivation with respect to that degree of freedom.

\item[--]  The conservation of actor is written as a term of actor
multiplied by a constant characterized by its conservation.

\item[--]  The influence of other actor on an actor is represented as a
multiplication of two actors.

\item[--]  The external actor stands equally with its variation, when an
external influence does on an actor as an external current, an external
source, or an external force.
\end{itemize}

In conclusion, it is the fact that some readers think that the
variant principle is rather in philosophy than in physics. That is
not true. Doing physics is discovery of nature, not only matter
composition, phenomena, processes, but also more necessary, laws,
principles, and rules. In reality, principia are profound elements
of physics, and of course they have something closing to
philosophy. The variant principle is one of principia for research
on nature. And I hope that discovering principia will be one of
new directions to do physics.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

We would like to thank Dr. D. M. Chi for useful discussions and valuable
comments.

The present article was supported in part by the Advanced Research Project
on Natural Sciences of the MT\&A Center.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Q: C++ function overload for classes I have 3 classes
class A {
//...
}

class B : public A {
//...
}

And a class C:
#include "A.h"
#include "B.h"

class C
{
   void method(A anObjOfA);
   void method(B anObjOfB);
}

Now if I do
B* ptr = new B();
A* ptrToB = ptr;
c.method(*ptrToB);

It calls the method for Objects of type A, not the inherited actual type B.. How can I make sure the right function for the object deepest in the inheritence-tree is called, without actually knowing it's type at compile-time?
PS: I'm sure this is a noob question, for the life of me I can't find any results on this here, as everyone is busy understanding the "virtual" keyword, which is perfectly clear to me but is not the issue here.

A: Because resolving a function overload is done at compile-time. When you call the function it only sees the A part of the pointer, even though it could point to a B.
Perhaps what you want is the following:
class A
{
public:
    virtual void DoWorkInC()
    {
        cout << "A's work";
    }
    virtual ~A() {}
};

class B : public A
{
public:
    virtual void DoWorkInC()
    {
        cout << "B's work";
    }
};

class C
{
   void method(A& a)
   {
        a.DoWorkInC();
   }
}

A: Let your class A, B have virtual function implemented in their respectivbe classes:
class A {
//...
   public:
     virtual void doTask();
};

class B : public A {
//...
   public:
     void doTask();
};

Ket A::doTask() and B::doTask() do respective tasks in object specific way, i.e. A::doTask() to do tasks with visibility of the object set as an A object, and B::doTask() to do tasks with visibility of the object set as an B object.
Now, let the call be like this:
B* ptr = new B();
A* ptrToB = ptr;
c.method(ptrToB); // pointer is passed

Within C::method(A *ptr), it may be something like:
void C::method(A * ptr) {
  ptr->doTask(); this would actuall call A::doTask() or B::doTask() as dynamically binded
}

A: Compiler is not smart enough to guess which method you wanna call. In the same situation of yours, you might actually want to call the the first version since you are using a A*. This leaves the programmer to work on: be specific. If you don't want to use ptr (which call the second version as you wished), you need to specifically cast it:
c.method(*((B*)ptrToB));

or better using dynamic cast:
c.method(*dynamic_cast<B*>(ptrToB));

This could be unsafe because you are "downcasting" in which case dynamic cast may throw exception and C style cast won't but will cause memory leak. You have to be very careful.

A: thanks to @texasbruce I found the answer, RTTI
The code will look like this:
A* someAOrBPtr = ...
...
B* testBPtr = dynamic_cast<B*>(someAOrBPtr);
if( testBPtr ){
    // our suspicions are confirmed -- it really was a B
    C->method(testBPtr);
}else{
    // our suspicions were incorrect -- it is definitely not a B.
    // The someAOrBPtr points to an instance of some other child class of the base A.
    C->method(someAOrBPtr);
};

EDIT: In fact, I'll probably do the dynamic cast inside the C->method so there is only one

C::method(A* ptrOfBase)

and then do the appropriate thing (taking in or out the respective container-member-variable of C) inside the one 'method' of C.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
VDE 8.1 Upgraded Line Nuremberg – Ebensfeld
Deutsche Bahn's planned high-speed line to permit current and future flows of passenger and freight traffic to be handled while minimising the impact on the environment, part of the eastern north-south axis runs through Germany. In the south it is linked up by 170 kilometres of upgraded and new lines between Nuremberg, Ingolstadt and Munich.
(Graphic: DB AG)
Upgraded Line Nuremberg – Ebensfeld map
Line length: 82 km
Design speed: 160 km/h / 230 km/h
Tunnels: 2
(total length 7.3 km)
Viaducts: 2
Information centres: 1
In the plans for a trans-European transport network (TEN), the rail link that runs from northern Italy through Austria to Munich and continues via upgraded and new lines in Germany to Berlin, finally ending up in Scandinavia, is referred to as Project No. 1. On completion of the work, the journey time between Munich and Berlin will be around 4 hours. That is half the time it took in 1992 before work started. A total of 13 billion euros is being invested in the upgrading of the Munich-Berlin corridor. The German Unity Transport Projects (Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit - VDE) were introduced by the German federal government in 1991 following German reunification. The project is being implemented by DB ProjektBau GmbH, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG.
Aerial view (Photo: DB AG)
The Nuremberg-Fuerth line is one of the busiest lines in Bavaria because it is used by the majority of local and long-distance traffic from the west (Würzburg) and north (Bamberg). Two new tracks will be added to the 8 kilometre section between Nuremberg and Fuerth by the end of 2010. Further sections from Fuerth to Ebensfeld will be upgraded successively, depending on planning and approval and finance for the project.
Construction work began on August 10th, 2006 with a groundbreaking ceremony at the railway bridge over Rothenburger Straße. Planning permission was obtained under public law in a procedure that involved all those affected, culminating in a planning approval decision taken by the German Federal Railway Authority (EBA) for the following sections: Nuremberg's central station, Nuremberg to Fürth and Fuerther Bogen (Fürth loop).
Between Nuremberg and Fürth, the railway embankment is being widened to the south of the existing line with two additional tracks over a length of about 2 kilometres. The planned completion date for this section was mid-2008. It will relieve the bottleneck at Fürth and permit speeds of up to 160 kilometres an hour. Deutsche Bahn is building or upgrading a total of 22.3 kilometres of track for this section. At the same time, the overhead line equipment for electric trains and the signalling equipment is being improved and augmented.
The Rothenburger Straße and Schwabacher Straße railway bridges are being upgraded and extended, and the Jansenbrücke and Leiblsteg road bridges are being altered. Numerous other measures will be carried out before opening in 2010, including extensive work both above and below ground. Work is being done at the Rothenburger Straße station to prepare it for S-Bahn (rapid transit) traffic. Nuremberg-Steinbühl station and Fürth's central station are each getting a new platform. Work is being done on the infrastructure at the western end of Nuremberg's central station and eastern end of Fürth's freight station.
The work is being carried out without interrupting the rail service. Consequently, night-time periods when traffic volumes are low are being used for the work. Some noise pollution is unavoidable.
Journey times and lines
S-Bahn stations
Media Library VDE 8.1 Upgraded Line


Narrativist play-procedures are pretty scattered in terms of actual game books. I suggest that titles and texts are really just rustles in the bushes, such that one has to infer the actual play that either informed them or might have proceeded from them. For most of what follows, I've spoken with game designers and many, many play-groups about these issues. I think that Narrativist play goes back to the beginning of role-playing. I also recommend reading and playing Marvel Super Heroes, reviewing the entire Strike Force text in light of the 1st and 2nd editions of Champions being used by that group, reviewing the extensive documentation of Champions play presented in the APA-zine The Clobberin Times', and giving Toon, Ghostbusters, and James Bond a try. I do not think that the strong minority trend beginning in the very late 1980s toward Drama-heavy role-playing represented by Amber, Theatrix, and The Window was especially Narrativist in application, although that mode of play was probably found in some groups playing these games. This trend is better understood in combination with games like Fudge and Risus, and most especially in terms of the Mind's Eye Theatre approach to LARPs. Later, similar games include Sorcerer, Orkworld, and The Riddle of Steel. All of these texts demonstrate an internal struggle to articulate means of addressing Premise, littered with trip-ups based on assumptions of GM-power and the utter lack of precedent in explaining the whole idea. The internet revealed something vastly more startling: in-your-nose Narrativist designs like Ghost Light, Soap, InSpectres, and The Pool, as well as their Gamist cousin Elfs. These games' influence was vast at the Forge, including but not limited to Dust Devils, Trollbabe, Otherkind, Paladin, Violence Future, My Life with Master, and Universalis, along with further Gamist cousins like Donjon.
��. The scariest film I've ever seen, and my favorite in that sense is The Exorcist by William Friedkin. Also, Trilogy of Terror, a 1975 made-for-tv movie starring Karen Black and a creepy little Zuni fetish doll. ��. I'm sorry, any time you get a 200 pound dog trying to eat your car is just scary. ��. The Genetic Opera, Silent Night Deadly Night 3, Smothered, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, Texas Chainsaw 3D, The Tortured ): " Carnival of Souls (1962). Spooky, cool story, nice acting by Candace Hilligoss and a wonderfully odd organ score. ��. The remake tells the backstory of Michael Myers and how he became a psychopathic killer. In this movie he's not the boogeyman, he's the product of his environment and his troubled childhood.
Energy Information Administration, which looked at carbon dioxide emissions by states from 2000 to 2010. Most states, including Michigan, saw an overall decline in the amount of emissions during that decade, the agency said. Nearly 5. 8 billion metric tons of CO2 was put into the atmosphere in 2000, the agency said, and by 2010 that had fallen to 5. 3 billion metric tons, a drop of 4. percent. However, the 2010 number was an increase of almost 200 million metric tons from 2009, during the heights (or depths depending on your point of view) of the Great Recession. Michigan saw a total percentage drop in total tonnage of 13. percent, making it one of the states with the biggest percentage drops (Delaware had the biggest drop at 27. percent, Indiana by 19. percent, New York was down 18.
New Pogo has the full normal Monopoly Here and Now online that you can play for free so this would be a good. Download SpongeBob SquarePants Monopoly latest version 2017. Has online game lobbies, chat in the lobby and in the game. Games are 2 to 6 players, original US board layout. Monopoly INT latest version: Challenge your friends to a virtual game of Monopoly. Board and card games are all the best of the classic games we your zone to play free online games. Download MONOPOLY today, or play this and 2400 other top games online for free at GameHouse. Download MONOPOLY(Full Game) (Android) For Free on Mobogenie. Rigged Monopoly is a great game Play our free version of the classic dice board game online live with friends. Play the classic Monopoly game online for free with fun digital games so you can practice your Monopoly strategy for the next time you Monopoly Online Board Games If you're a fan of board games, then Zylom is the place to be. MONOPOLY HERE AND NOW EDITION is a modern makeover of the popular board game, but includes prices and places which.
English b. Francais c. Espanol d. Off I Walked with a Zombie is one hour and eight minutes and was released in theaters on March 17, 1943. The movie is told in first person and it is about a nurse from Canada named Betsy Connell (Frances Dee) and she tells about her time how she once walked with a zombie. She is employed by Paul Holland (Tom Conway) to take care of her zombie like wife Jessica Holland (Christine Gordon). As for the rest of the story it is too confusing to write about and the ending is something weird. You have to go to the Internet Movie Database or en. ikipedia. rg to find out the rest. The only thing I hated about this movie was the commentary; due to their British accent I could not understand them and I don't believe they stuck to the movie most of the time.


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text:
Again, Intersociety Writes Osinbajo Over Human Rights Abuses in Nigeria (Full Text)
Prof Yemi Osibanjo, SAN
Acting President of Nigeria & Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
Presidential/Aso Rock Villa, Three-Arms-Zone
Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Public Interest Memo Seeking For Criminal Actions Against Gen Buratai And Other Perpetrators Of Heinous Crimes/Gross Rights Abuses In Nigeria And Allied Matters (2)
(Intersociety, Nigeria, 1st July 2017)-It is recalled that the leadership of our Organization (Int'l Society for Civil Liberties & the Rule of Law: www.intersociety-ng.org) had two days ago (29-6-2017) written and successfully submitted a 17-page detailed memo to Prof Yemi Osibanjo, SAN, in his official capacity as the Acting President of Nigeria & Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
The memo seeks to draw his Government's attention formally or officially to raging gross abuses of human rights in Nigeria and associated heinous crimes especially since 29th May 2015 when the sixth central civilian Government which he now heads in acting capacity came on board.
For easy public reading, comprehension and analysis, the memo was segmented with its first part published same date. The link to it is here: http://www.intersociety-ng.org/component/k2/item/263-gross-abuses-of-human-rights-in-nigeria.
Thankfully, the special memo which was copied electronically to over 30 national and international institutions, bodies and respected personalities for their immediate attention and necessary diplomatic and int'l oversight actions have already generated prompt responses and acknowledgments particularly from international bodies and members of the diplomatic community copied.
Among those that have responded or acknowledged are Office of the Prosecutor for Int'l Criminal Court in Hague, the Netherlands; the US Consulate in Abuja and the Right Hon Boris Johnson, MP and UK Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs.
Below is a reply received from the ICC, dated 30th June 2017 at 11.17am:
"Dear Sir/Madam, Thank you for your message. Please note that the International Criminal Court has a very limited jurisdiction. The Court may only address the crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes as defined by Articles 6 to 8 of the Rome Statute that have occurred after 2002, and can only exercise jurisdiction in the countries that have ratified it. For more information on the Court's jurisdiction and the full text of the Rome Statute, please refer to page 2 of the attached document and our website as well as our address, www.icc-cpi.int. We encourage you to carefully review this information.
If, after your careful review, you still believe the ICC is the correct place for your case and would like to submit a claim to the Court, then please follow the directions for how to do so on page 1 of the attached document. If you decide to submit information, kindly use only this email address: otp.informationdesk@icc-cpi.int.
OTP Information Desk
International Criminal Court "
The second part of the special memo is continued as follows:
Nigeria's regional and international obligations to its citizens in non-war situation or peacetime:
Nigeria as a State Party to UN and AU is strictly bound by numerous regional and international human rights treaties or conventions including the African Charter on Human & Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) of 1981, ratified and domesticated in 1983; the UN Covenants on Civil & Political Rights (ICCPR); and Economic, Social & Cultural Rights of 1976 (ICESCR), ratified in 1993. Nigeria is also a State Party to UN's anti Genocide and Torture Conventions of 1948 and 1985 respectively as well as the UN's Women and Child's Rights Conventions of 1984 and 1990 respectively, to name but a few.
Sir, Nigeria as a leading member of the UN and international community is also bound by the Basic Standards of International Law & Humanitarian Principles. Under this are the ten basic rules or standards for policing public and peaceful assemblies in any member-State; which expressly recognize the rights of the citizens of all Member-States of the UN including Nigeria, to peaceful assemblies and expressions other than armed conflict and strictly outline ways through which these assemblies shall be managed or policed by policing agencies excluding the army.
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Under the ten basic standards of international law made mandatory for policing agencies of Member-States of the UN for management of civil assemblies and free speeches as well as arrest, detention and prosecution of citizens accused of commission of municipal crimes of relevant municipal code definitions; the following rules must be observed and strictly applied:
(1)everyone is entitled to equal protection of the law without discrimination on any grounds, especially against violence or threat..; (2) treat all victims of crime with compassion and respect, and in particular protect their safety and privacy; (3) do not use force except when strictly necessary and to the minimum extent required under the circumstances; (4) avoid using force when policing unlawful but nonviolent assemblies; (4) when dispersing violent assemblies, use force only to the minimum extent necessary (i.e. in line with proportionate use of force and avoidance of application of excessive force on unarmed but violent or aggressive assemblies).
Others are (5) lethal force should not be used when arresting nationals suspected of committing municipal or local crimes except when strictly unavoidable in order to protect your life or lives of others; peaceful or provoked violent assemblies do not amount to commission of municipal crimes other than insurrection, mutiny or armed struggle; (6) arrest no person unless there are legal wounds to do so and ensure that the arrest is carried out in accordance with lawful arrest procedures; (7) ensure that all detainees have access, promptly after arrest to their families and legal representatives and to any necessary medical assistance; (8) all detainees must be treated humanely and avoid infliction, instigation or toleration of any act of torture in any circumstance and refuse to obey order to do so; (9) do not carry out, order or cover up extrajudicial executions or disappearances of the arrested or the detained and refuse to obey any order to do so; (10) report all breaches of these basic standards to your senior officers and to the office of the public prosecutor and do everything within your powers to ensure steps are taken to investigate these breaches.
In policing or managing such civil assemblies and free speeches, particularly if they become uncontrollable and capable of breaching public peace and safety, policing agencies and their officers must apply the following modern crowd control methods or kits and equipment: tear gas, rubber bullets, pepper spray, electric tasers, batons, whips, water cannons, long range acoustic devices, aerial surveillance, police dogs, etc; and they must be bodily aided or protected by body protective devices such as anti crowd helmets, face visors, body armor (i.e. vests, neck protectors, knee pads, etc), gas masks and anti crowd shields. Sir, it is crystal clear from the above that these fundamental rules were observed in grave breach in the instant case.
Regional and international obligations of Nigeria to its citizens under armed conflict or war situation:
Under circumstances of war or situations of widespread or clustered internal conflict, Sir, the military and humanitarian handling or management of same are strictly regulated regionally and internationally. On humanitarian and use of force aspects, Nigeria is a party to UN Statute on Refuge of 1951 and allied treatments of IDPs.
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Nigeria is also a State Party to the Statute of the International Criminal Court of 1998. Nigerian armed forces and police are also strictly bound by the UN's Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials of 1979 and the UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials of 1990.
In the area of intra and inter-State armed conflicts, Nigeria is bound by the Geneva Conventions or Laws of War of 1949 and their Four Protocols including the doctrine of rules of engagement and its principles of use of force, self defence, and others already highlighted above. Nigeria is also a State Party to anti Genocide and anti Torture Conventions of 1948 and 1985 respectively.
Sir, as you may professorially be aware or unaware, the Rules of Engagement traditionally and universally associated with internal and inter -State violent or armed conflicts or wars are the integral part of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 or Laws of War and their Four Protocols of 1977.
They originally came from the three war related doctrines of Jus Ad Bellum (justification and ground for going to war); Jus In Bellum (ethical rules of conduct during war, such as ethical standards expected of soldiers or combatants in wartime or rules of engagement); and Jus Post Bellum (regulations on how wars are ended and facilitation of transition from war to peace).
Another name for the Rules of Engagement is the Standard Rules for the People of the War. The People of the War here literally means parties in the conflict who occupy the conflict areas such as fighting parties, non-combatants or civilians or IDPs and Refugees as well as other third parties directly or indirectly participating or affected by the conflict.
Further, Sir, key features of the internationally standardized Rules of Engagement strictly applicable in war or conflict situations are (1) legitimate use of force, (2) proportionality of use of force, (3) legitimate self defense, (4) treatment of prisoners of war or conflict, (5) avoidance of attacks on non-military necessity or civilian targets or properties, (6) avoidance of attacks on civilians or non-combatants, (7) treatment of the wounded, (8) avoidance of attacks on culture symbols or places of worship, (9) avoidance of attacks on humanitarian agencies and personnel/human rights activists; (10) treatment of other peoples of the war (i.e. spies and journalists).
Nigeria's obligations to UN and its citizens under UN System:
Sir, the UN's new concept of sovereignty as a responsibility or citizens' sovereignty and maintenance of international peace and security as the core foundation of the Purposes of the 193-member Organization; is inviolably binding on Nigeria as a key Member-State. Nigeria is also bound by the Customary International Law under UN System particularly those that are inviolable by virtue of their doctrine of "substantial uniformity by substantial number of States" or "Opinio Juris".
Example of UN and Int'l Law's hallowed doctrine of Opinio Juris or substantial uniformity by substantial number of States is a general belief binding on all Member-States of UN that a non-treaty is legally binding on States.
Also, Nigeria as a leading and one of the most populous UN Member-States is inexcusably bound by the principle of "Jus Cogens" (i.e. absolute rules of general international law binding on UN Member-States for which no derogation is permitted).
These include use of crude, deadly or asymmetric force against vulnerable and unarmed populations; perpetration of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity; massacre of unarmed and defenseless citizens in non war situations, slavery, torture, etc.
Reasons for Writing:
It shocks and saddens us; Sir that till date no single person in connection with these atrocious crimes above mentioned has been punished or arrested and prosecuted by the present Federal Government of Nigeria which you now head in acting capacity.
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The living victims or survivors and families and relatives of the slain have also been totally abandoned with several of them passing through post traumatic stresses and disorders.
It is totally saddening that the present central Government now under your acting leadership has turned blind eyes; in addition to conspiracy of silence maintained by Nigeria's leading human rights groups and activists particularly those concentrated in Lagos and environs.
There have been several researched and thoroughly investigated reports by leading international and local human rights groups especially by Amnesty Int'l, Human Rights Watch and Int'l Society for Civil Liberties & the Rule of Law and in spite of their several calls on the present central Government to fish out and bring the culprits to book and punish them accordingly and adequately compensate the living victims or survivors and dead victims through their families or relatives, nothing of such has happened till date. As a matter of fact, Sir, the perpetrators are still on the prowl with impunity.
For the avoidance of doubt Sir, there are special reports by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch on Shiite Muslims' massacre in Zaria as well as in-house investigations carried out by the authorities of the Shiite Muslims.
Till date, the leader of Shiite Muslims in Nigeria, Sheik Ibrahim Zaky El-Zaky and his wife-Malama Zeenatu are still being detained incommunicado or without trial or bail since 14th December 2015; a period of 18 months. While the Shiite leader got shot and battered with eighteen live bullets removed from his body, his wife had four live bullets removed from her body as well (source: IMN leadership 2016).
The following are links to AI and HRW reports: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/04/nigeria-military-cover-up-of-mass-slaughter-at-zaria-exposed, https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/12/22/nigeria-army-attack-shia-unjustified, (https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/09/nigeria-crackdown-and-shrinking-civic-space/, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2017/02/amnesty-international-annual-report-201617/.
The link to IMN's in-house investigation is here: https://ournaijablog.wordpress.com/2016/01/26/zaria-massacre-full-list-of-names-and-photos-of-705-missing-people. http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/197360-zaria-massacre-nigeria-shia-group-releases-705-names-photos-of-missing-members-full-list.html
There are also comprehensive reports of Amnesty Int'l on mass killing and maiming by Nigerian Army, Nigeria Police Force and ors of defenceless pro Biafra activists in Southeast and parts of South-south Nigeria as well as the alleged death in Army custody of 240 civilians including 29 children aged between new born and five years in Northeast State of Borno.
The links are:https://www.amnesty.org.ng/sites/default/files/Nigeria_bullets_were_raining_everywhere%20web.pdf,https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2017/02/amnesty-international-annual-report-201617/
On our part, Sir, we had also investigated and issued reports in all the killings and maiming above mentioned. Chief among them is our 12th March 2017 Special Report: Welcome to Bleeding Republic of Nigeria: A Land Flowing with Blood and Tears. The link to the special report is here: http://www.intersociety-ng.org/site-administrator/downloads/category/17-special-report, http://www.intersociety-ng.org/video-gallery/item/235-welcome-to-bleeding-republic-of-nigeria-a-land-flowing-with-blood-and-tears-1. The link to our statement on Rann IDP bombing and killing of 236 civilians is here: http://www.thetrentonline.com/rann-airstrike-breach-geneve/
Yours in Service to Humanity,
For: Int'l Society for Civil Liberties & the Rule of Law (Intersociety)
Emeka Umeagbalasi (Criminologist & Graduate of Security Studies)
Board Chairman
Mobile Line: +2348174090052
Email: botchairman@intersociety-ng.org
Chinenye Florence Akubilo, Esq., LLB, BL
Head, Campaign & Publicity Department
Obianuju Joy Igboeli, Esq., LLB,BL
Head, Civil Liberties & Rule of Law Program
Chinwe Umeche, Esq., LLB, BL
Head, Democracy & Good Governance Program
Email: info@intersociety-ng.org
Website: www.intersociety-ng.org
Phone Lines: +2348182411462, +2349063500218
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Human Rights Abuses in Nigeria Yemi Osinbajo	2017-07-01
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Capital Critics Circle Announces Fourteenth Annual Theatre Awards : November Wins Two Awards!
SevenThirty Productions has received two awards for the 2012/2013 season by the Capital Critics Circle.
SevenThirty Productions' November by David Mamet, directed by John P. Kelly.
Todd Duckworth as the President in November.
For a full list of the awards visit the Capital Critics Circle website.


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Das Konigreich Preussen . Description: Stricking and beautifully detailed copper engraved chart centred on Gulf of Gdansk, Poland. Map covers northern Germany and Poland. Map is filled with a lot of topographical details. Map is fashioned with a decorative cartouche . Date: 1749 Dimensions: P aper size approx.: cm 29,1 x 21,2 Conditions: Very strong a nd dark impression on very strong paper. Paper with chains. Original colors. Wide margins. Small browning and foxing. Small tears. Small holes. Handwritten notes on verso. Conditions are as you can see in the images. Cartographer: Johann Georg Schreiber (*1676 - �� 1745), a German cartographer and geographer, was born 1676 and lived in Leipzig. His only work was the "Atlas Selectus" published first 1740 and reissued 1749. He died in 1745.
All of the maps we sell are ORIGINALS. We guarantee all of our maps to be authentic. We do our best to describe the condition of our maps as accurately as possible. Due to the age and type of paper, some imperfections are to be expected. Please examine the images provided carefully, and if you have any questions please ask and we will be happy to help.
Any map purchased from us may be returend for any reason for a full refund.
Our Firm was founded in 1983 and we are specialized on antiquarian works on paper concerning Antique Rare Maps, Atlases and Travel Books of all the World.
Our Firm adheres to the Codes of Ethics outlined by the Italian Antiquarian Booksellers Association ( ALAI ) and International League of Antiquarian Booksellers ( ILAB ).
All items sold by OLD TIMES are genuine and a Certificate of Authenticity (COA) will be happily supplied on request.