text:
Grey Goo Review: Three Sides to Every Story
Grey Goo uses powerful, unique, factions and balanced tactical combat to help revitalize real-time strategy. Although its name might not sound like much, the Goo is a monstrous force to be reckoned with. How is battling against pools of sentient liquid nanotech? Our review dives in.
Steven Wong
Grey Goo takes us to a different era of real-time strategy. Instead of a heavy focus on economy and gathering resources, the game emphasizes building an army using one three unique factions, customizing them with researched technologies, and using them to the best of your skill. It accomplishes this goal to a large degree, thanks to easy resource management and diversified races. However, those positive qualities can be undermined by a campaign that is marked by a steep learning curve a number of cheap narrative tricks.
Knee Deep in Goo
The "Grey Goo" refers a faction in the game comprised of liquid pool of nanotechnology. Originally designed as a means of exploring deep space by squeezing through a micro-wormhole, locating hospitable planets, and preparing them for colonization, this batch has become self-aware, and is destroying everything in its path. Throughout the course of the campaign, the Goo sets itself up to be quite a menace. Its giant pools slide all across the landscape, grabbing up resources, and dividing to form different units.
The first part of the campaign involves an alien race called the Beta. They have four arms, and can use them to carry a lot of firepower, making them ideal for players that prefer aggressive tactics. Later, you play as the human faction, a group of scientists and explorers that are tired of war, but eager to fix its mistakes by helping to eliminate the Goo. Humans are very base and defense heavy. All buildings have to be hooked up to a power grid that leads back to the main base. Although the faction has a teleporter that can send troops to almost any location in a flash, its nature makes acquiring new resources and protecting supply lines very difficult.
Expansion can be tricky, whether you're playing as the Human or Beta factions. Many of the campaign maps appear to be purposefully designed to prevent setting up fortifications near Catalyst vents. It makes building Epic units like the Hand of Ruk interesting because players will have find a clearing large enough to set up. I really wish that there was manual way to rotate buildings using the keyboard or scroll wheel, since placing buildings in the right position can become quite time consuming.
Lastly, there's the Goo. Unlike the other factions, the Goo doesn't have a base, so it can continually remain on the move. However, it does need to stay in place long enough to absorb resources from a Catalyst vent. Large "Mother Goo" pools can consume enemy units and buildings to strengthen and heal themselves, then slip through otherwise impassible mountain terrain to evade a strike group. Other Goo units can use their spindly legs to climb into those areas to rain devastation down on their enemies.
Factions generally have a small but essential selection of units and one Epic unit. Humans have a massive robotic armor called the Alpha, which slams down waves of destruction. The Goo has a giant monster goo called The Purger, that uses tentacles to tear buildings apart. But the one that I found most worthwhile is the Beta's Hand of Ruk, which is a floating fortress armed with a mega cannon, and has hardpoints where units can be mounted. The Hand of Ruk can't target its huge cannon against enemies that are too close, but these hard points more than make up for that weakness. As if all that firepower wasn't enough, the Hand of Ruk also operates as a mobile factory, so it can theoretically build its own reinforcements.
A Tough Fight
Grey Goo features some stunning visuals, especially with face-to-face character animations. The first time I saw a Beta speaking to me on screen, I really felt like I was looking at a real-life alien. The campaign tells an interesting story from multiple points of view, and the gameplay is challenging. However, Grey Goo's campaign's difficulty ramps up very quickly, and you'll need to have a firm grasp on how to best use all the different units by the second mission, because the AI can be quite relentless. Setting the difficulty down to easy helps a little, but probably not enough to help casual players and those new to real-time strategy games.
That Goo ends up being quite a monster when played by the computer, which is capable of true multitasking. Almost all missions end with a "seek and destroy" hunt, which can be infuriating, given the way Goo pools can split and slip through terrain. The game also has a habit of springing a lot of cheap surprises on players. For example, when you build the Hand of Ruk for the first time, every enemy unit will automatically know where it is and will home in on it. Almost as some strange sense of karmic retribution, you'll later have to face-off against two Hands of Ruk (and their giant cannons) when you play as the Goo faction.
Although units all have their strengths and weaknesses, and there are strategic positions like hiding in forests or gaining the higher ground advantage, Grey Goo still ends up very much being a numbers game. Even when playing as one of the less aggressive factions, players will be expected to amass a huge army and sweep through as quickly as possible. While there are counters against rush tactics, players are generally forced to move as fast and efficiently as they can against the Goo, since it's so easy for it to slip away and recover.
Playing as the Goo doesn't make things much easier. Most of the Goo's units are too fragile to stand still in defense patterns for very long. So unless you're hiding on a remote part of the map, it's usually best to stay as mobile as possible. Things become increasingly difficult as you split off more Mother Goo pools to collect resources and produce units. Unlike factions with standing bases, setting rally points for Goo units is a little less inuitive, and they'll only continue moving as long as they remain in a liquid state, not a transformed one. So, fielding an army takes more micromanaging than with the other factions.
By most standards, Grey Goo is an excellent real-time strategy game with fantastically unique factions and stunning graphics. Its campaign undermines some of its positive aspects with a steep difficulty curve, some annoying "gotcha" moments, and maps that can make it difficult for expansion. Despite this, and the amount of multitasking it takes to manage over the Goo faction, you can hardly find a better real-time strategy game than Grey Goo. The three factions are exceptionally well balanced, and can be further customized to match the player's style by researching different technologies. The Goo itself, when played by a powerful multi-tasker like the computer, can be a real menace, and one that's very satisfying to take down.
Some might take issue with how the game doesn't exactly move real-time strategy in a big direction. Its multiplayer modes are fairly standard, and its largest skirmish maps support four players in total. Meanwhile, casual players might be put-off by its difficulty. But Grey Goo innovates by providing a strong, satisfying strategy experience that gives players the freedom to play their way. There is a very good game here, even if the campaign might make it hard to see.
This review is based on a PC download code provided by the publisher. Grey Goo is available now through Steam for $49.99. The game is rated T.
grey goo
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Review for
Very well balanced, unique, factions
Excellent graphics and presentation
Interesting story
The Goo can seem monstrous and near unstoppable
Very steep learning curve
Too many missions end with Seek & Destroy
Base expansion can be a bit tricky
Playing as Goo requires a lot of micromanaging
Steven Wong posted a new article, Grey Goo Review: Three Sides to Every Story
isezni
You can rally the goo. The formless goo anyway. Once you split it into something it'll stop moving to the rally point. But I'll just rally a bunch of goo blobs someplace and form it into an army at the rally point.
Thanks for the info. I played through the entire game believing that you couldn't set up rally points because it's not as intuitive as with the base building factions. It doesn't impact the score, but I've updated thee review to reflect that it's not impossible, I just found it less intuitive.
fire00f1y
I am absolutely terrible at this game. I have trouble with every. single. mission. and I'm only on mission 4 of the Betas.
I think it's because I tend to adopt a more defensive strategy but the game rewards more offensive. I also have a really hard time getting my production up. It's just a long time between "go" and "you have production now".
Yeah. I've been enjoying skirmish mode and the story is interesting, but the missions are brutal. Mostly because there is usually something distant on the map you need to protect but I can't seem to defend my home base and build up a strong enough force to get to the dudes what need the protecting.


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Shadowmaster (Nightsiders #3) by Susan Krinard
Phoenix is an Aegis agent with something to prove – the daughter of hero, she's only a quarter vampire, unlike her half-vampire, dhampire colleagues – and constantly questioned whether she's good enough. When the opportunity arises for her to enter the Fringe on a dangerous mission to help identify a vampire assassin – an assassin on a mission to kill the Enclave's mayor and destabilise the human government – she welcomes the chance to prove herself
But her eagerness also means she exceeds the mission brief and stays longer than she should have – and in doing so learns more about the assassin. Deeply conflict Drakon, only recently a vampire, he's well aware of the injustices that pervade human society. The longer she spends with him, the more she sees the darkness in the city she protects but, equally, the less Drakon is driven by his need for revenge. As they become closer, both of them have a radical shift in their priorities – but the plots of their superiors are hardly reliant on them alone
How did humans even survive this war against the vampires? Future humanity seems to have one battle strategy – throw attractive women at the enemy with the warning that they may have to use their bodies to win! Do they even have guns? I can picture their regiments now – the 1st Regiment, Bunnie's Burlesque, 2nd Regiment, Davina's Dominatrices… Hold your ground ladies, don't fight until you see the hardness of their cocks! On my maaaaark…. OPEN HUMP!
Y'know I could handle enemies meeting in battle and coincidentally falling in love – but it's the regularity with which the generals send out their soldiers with the refrain "don't be afraid to use your vaginas, ladies!"
When they say "make love not war" I don't think this is what they meant.
So we have Phoenix who is sent to the fringes of the city to try and find a gang boss in the underworld in the hopes of finding vampire spies supporting a vampire assassin. She is expected to use all of her sexual wiles (in fact, there's no other wiles or skills mentioned so it's less "last resort" and more "only resort") and of course she meets with Drakon, the assassin and lots of attraction follows.
And from the first meeting there's lots of lust and endless attraction and what she thinks will be an unpleasant duty instead turns into something totally hot she totally wants within seconds of meeting him and after about a week, (probably less) both of them are quite willing to betray their people, their species and their personal agendas that cut to the bone with angst 5 seconds ago because they love each other so much.
Much the same as the last book and the book before that.
What's frustrating is, like those previous 2 books, there's something there. There's this excellent post-apocalyptic world with 2 societies constantly on the edge of war. The vampires and the humans are struggling to maintain the peace even as factions in their society are pushing for another conflict. Just as the last book looked at Erebus and the world the vampires had built, this book focuses more on the human Enclave.
We see not only that the treaty between the humans and the vampires has forced humanity to do some pretty awful things (the treaty requires them to send severe criminals to the vampires as sentence – therefore fulfilling the vampire blood need; but when there's not enough severe criminals, even petty crimes or complete innocents are included to prevent a war) but also that corrupt politicians are exploiting the treaty as an excuse to crack down on humanity, to clear out "undesireables" and keep people under control. There's also a lot of more mundane but ever present problems like classism and the treatment of people who are considered "not useful" to society. We also see the human pro-war faction and how differently they operate compared to the vampires; which in turn really shows how the species operate. The humans plot, plan and develop dangerous new technology in great secrecy. While the vampires also plot and plan, but don't co-operate very well and seek more to overwhelm their political opposition and then just go for the humans with fang and claw.
The story itself could also be very interesting. At all times Phoenix and Drakon are put in a position to the doubt the other. Every scene, every story meant to create trust could just be a plot on the part of the other; not helped by other spies with nefarious agendas muddying the waters with all kinds of complexity. This could be an awesome factor of the book since there are so many people with hidden agendas that it's nearly impossible to decide who to trust and it's less a case of whether someone will be betrayed – but who and for what faction. Betrayal is a given – but which of the many different competing forces ACTUALLY holds the loyalty of the double agents
But it falls flat, because despite seeing the abuses of society and despite all the conversations about a better way, their history etc, all of this "can I trust him/her" comes down to humping and hormones. To the point where Phoenix is throwing out all human loyalty and angrily defending Drakon for little reason beyond "I love him, he wouldn't do that." Which, even if I accepted the love that happened in such a short time, would still be dubious because loyalty to his people could still outweigh any affection he feels.
But we have this thread of not so much love-conquers-all but insta-love-removes-all-other-considerations throughout the book. And because we've followed the pattern twice before, there's little tension on the part of the reader – there is no chance of Drakon betraying Phoenix. There is no chance of Phoenix working against Drakon. Despite the vast, major forces that SHOULD be pulling them in different directions. All the intrigue becomes external, both Erebus and humanity become enemies not because of any reasoning so much as the fact that the pair could never be together under either system.
I also think the book is naïve. Vampires have risen up – creatures that humans are taught cannot feel real emotion – and effectively destroyed society, leaving walled Enclaves behind constantly on the edge of war. The idea that humanity would be outraged over vampires being tortured – or that if a weapon were produced that would annihilate vampires that people would be shocked at the genocide – seems so very… unlikely to me. I think if someone turned round with a weapon that would render vampires extinct, there wouldn't be a response of "nooo! That's genocide! How very dare you!" There would be a parade. And either the world is unrealistically fluffy that way, or Phoenix is shockingly naïve for a military agent.
Similarly, it also irritates me how the problems in the Enclave are magically viewed without considering Erebus at all. Like the authorities evilly rounding up people to send to the vampires is never really discussed in the context of those human sacrifices being needed to maintain the peace between the vampires and humans – it's almost presented as evil dictatorialness on the part of the humans alone. Similarly, the idea that killing the human leadership and leaving them in chaos will magically allow them to build a new better society completely ignores that the humans being weak will likely lead to invasion – or that humans having their leader assassinated by Erebus is bound to provoke a counter attack. Even criticising the Enforcers for launching sweeps through the Fringe is rather glaringly ignoring the numerous vampire spies and an assassin that are apparently sheltering there.
I'm not even judging them based on the orders they're given because they are agents for their respective governments. These aren't their orders or the thoughts of their superiors – these are their thoughts, their plans and their hopes. At best they're vague and undeveloped but at worst they're glaringly ignoring the realities that actually make this world.
Top this off with minimal inclusion, we have a couple of POC mentioned in passing in Aegis (both Asian) but they have minor roles, at best (a friend of Phoenix we see for 2 seconds, and Phoenix's boss) and no GBLT characters at all (if the vampires weren't also lacking in GBLT characters, sending in gay men may at least let them win the war against the Hump Brigade) and it's a book that could have been great… but wasn't.
Labels: 2.5 Fangs, dhampires, dystopian, nightsider series, susan krinard, vampires
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Apocalypse Please was played during the sound-check. Matthew Bellamy hit his face with his seven-string guitar during the beginning of Citizen Erased. He tried to continue, but decided to stop and was taken to hospital.[source?] Someone recorded the incident and uploaded it to YouTube and the video can be watched here. A clip containing a small part of each song from the gig can be seen here.
There are conflicting—or rather ambiguous—testimonies regarding what number on the set Citizen Erased was, however it appears that it was 5th.
According with attendants, Matthew said "I'm sorry guys, I fucked up my face."th.
↑ a b c (2004-10-04). [MicroCuts news]. MicroCuts. Retrieved 2006-11-29 from microcuts.net.
This page was last edited on 11 September 2017, at 06:39.


text:
Q: Color facets in ggplot by continuous variable ** Edited with Repeatable Data **
I have a data.frame with plots of growth over time for 50 experimental treatments. I have plotted them as a faceted 5x10 plot grid. I also ordered them in a way that makes sense considering my experimental treatments.
I ran a regression function to find growth rate in each treatment, and saved the slope values in another data frame. I have plotted the data, the regression line, and the value of growth rate, but I want to color the backgrounds of the individual faceted plots according to that regression slope value, but I can't figure out how to set color to call to a continuous variable, and especially one from a different df with a different number of rows (original df has 300 rows, df I want to call has 50 - one for each treatment).
My code is as follows:
Df:
df <- data.frame(matrix(ncol = 3,nrow=300))
colnames(df) <- c("Trt", "Day", "Size")
df$Trt <- rep(1:50, each=6)
df$Day <- rep_len(1:6, length.out=300)
df$Size <- rep_len(c(3,5,8,9,12,12,3,7,10,16,17,20),length.out = 300)

Regression function and output dataframe:
regression=function(df){
  reg_fun<-lm(formula=df$Size~df$Day)
  slope<-round(coef(reg_fun)[2],3)
  intercept<-round(coef(reg_fun)[1],3)
  R2<-round(as.numeric(summary(reg_fun)[8]),3)
  R2.Adj<-round(as.numeric(summary(reg_fun)[9]),3)
  c(slope,intercept,R2,R2.Adj)
}
library(plyr)
slopevalues<-ddply(df,"Trt",regression)
colnames(slopevalues)<-c ("Trt","slope","intercept","R2","R2.Adj")

Plot:
ggplot(data=df, aes(x=Day, y=Size))+
geom_line() +
geom_point() +
xlab("Day") + ylab("Size (μm)")+
geom_smooth(method="lm",size=.5,se=FALSE)+
geom_text(data=slopevalues,
            inherit.aes=FALSE,
            aes(x =1, y = 16,hjust=0,
            label=paste(slope)))+
facet_wrap(~ Trt, nrow=5)

What I want to do is color the backgrounds of the individual graphs according to the slope value (slopevalues$slope) on a gradient. My real data are not just 2 values repeated, so I want to do this on a gradient of colors according to that value.
Any advice welcome.
enter image description here

A: You can use geom_rect with infinite coordinates to do this:
ggplot(data=df, aes(x=Day, y=Size))+
  ## This is the only new bit
  geom_rect(
    aes(fill = slope, xmin = -Inf, xmax = Inf, ymin = -Inf, ymax = Inf),
    slopevalues,
    inherit.aes = FALSE
  ) +
  ## New bit ends here
  geom_line() +
  geom_point() +
  xlab("Day") + ylab("Size (μm)")+
  geom_smooth(method="lm",size=.5,se=FALSE)+
  geom_text(data=slopevalues,
            inherit.aes=FALSE,
            aes(x =1, y = 16,hjust=0,
                label=paste(slope)))+
  facet_wrap(~ Trt, nrow=5)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
When Women Speak > Book Review > Getting God's Ear
Getting God's Ear
November 13, 2018 WWS
Title: Getting God's Ear : Women, Islam, and Healing in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf
Author: Eleanor Abdella Doumato
Publisher: Columbia University Press, New York, 2000.
Reviewed: Jo Bloggs
Whilst this book is, as its subtitle suggests, about "Women, Islam and Healing" it is also, at a deeper level, an examination of women's spaces or, more specifically, the narrowing of public space for women with the advent of Wahhabism in the Nejd under the House of Saud.
Doumato, a secular American-based academic, writes from the perspective of one who has spent time observing the changes in society and life for women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) since the late 1970s when she first moved there with her young family. She began the book as a way of making sense of the "persistence of women's separation" (p. 1) in modern day KSA. She seeks to do this by looking back in history at the rise of the Wahhabi expression of Islam in the Nejd, from the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, and how the public space for women, and their ritual activities within them, has been shaped by this conservative expression of Islam. As her primary sources she makes extensive use of the documents from the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America including excerpts from the mission newsletter along with letters, reports and personal correspondence held in archives. Quite a number of these writings were from women involved in the mission either as wives or medical staff themselves. In addition to this Doumato also uses narratives by a number of travel writers who made various travels through the area from the mid nineteenth century through to the early twenty century. Out of the eight travel writers only one of them was a women. These documents and narratives, whilst obviously observations from the 'outside' and also often a male view, provide a fascinating insight into aspects of life in the Nejd and the Gulf during this time period. Doumato focuses on two main areas – women's access to religious learning, prayer and worship outside the mosque (such as vowing rituals held at shrines and the 'celebration' of mourning); and the use of words (both spoken, written and consumed), engagement of spirits (including dance sessions to appease possessing spirits) and traditional medicine for spiritual protection and healing. In doing so she describes practices and a way of life that has virtually disappeared from view in contemporary Gulf culture but can heighten understanding of the practices that do remain.
Unfortunately however, whilst this book is an invaluable resource as one of the few that describes popular practices for women in Islam in detail, the conclusions Doumato draws after an exhaustive trawl through her key historical sources ultimately left me unsatisfied. I read both the prologue and epilogue with interest in light of the changes for women in KSA that have taken place over the past year. The prologue describes the climate of KSA in the late 1970s/80s and the epilogue revisits KSA in the late 1990s. In both Doumato asks insightful questions and provides a number of hypotheses as to why it is that women have continued to experience marginalisation in modern KSA. The chapters in between however, whilst historically fascinating, do little to contribute to her conclusions beyond the simple, commonly understood outsider perspective. That is, that the culture in KSA is shaped by a mix of Wahhabi doctrine in a mutually supportive relationship with the state combined with tribal culture in a struggle to define itself within the complexities of the modern world with its access to education for all and ever-improving technologies. A reading of the many opinions and analyses of the current situation for women activists in the kingdom and the impact of MBS's leadership that are available in mainstream English-language media provides similar information.
However, that is not to say that it's not worth reading. I would recommend this book to those who have an interest in the history of American missions in the region as, whilst this is clearly not Doumato's intent, by focusing on the women's perspective she provides an alternative view to the male-dominated analysis of missionary activity. I would also recommend this book to those who are wanting insights into past cultural practices of women, of which may be heard but a whisper in the present day. Understanding what has happened in the past may give us fresh eyes to interpret what is happening in the present. This book could also be a tool to aid reflection on the place of women within Islam in the Gulf today. Perhaps in understanding how the space for ritual practice among women in the Gulf has shrunk we can then ask not why does separation persist, as the author does, but rather where are women now finding alternative means for gathering and community, how are women's needs for spiritual protection and healing being met and how, as followers of Jesus, can we be a part of building new communities of healing among them.
(C) When Women Speak… November 2018
Jo Bloggs has spent over 10 years living in the Arabian Gulf with her family. Having completed a degree in modern history and international relations, she has a deep interest in the history of the region and how that shapes and impacts life today. She enjoys sharing life, drinking tea and having deep conversations with women from many different nations in the melting pot that is modern Arabia.
Categories:Book Review
Tags:Book review, culture, faith, Gender, hiddenness, Muslim women, Popular Islam, Prayer, Women and Islam
Community Rituals
By WWS in Blog on November 13, 2018
The Church in change: Liminality and the importance of ritual in welcoming new believers. A local church response.
December 30, 2019 by WWS
Finding Hagar: God's Pursuit of a Runaway.
'Fire Cannot Harm It': Mediation, Temptation and the Charismatic Power of the Qur'an
December 4, 2019 by WWS
Sight, embrace and flourishing


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text:
NIAID Transition Program in Clinical Research
National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Clinical, Clinical Project Management, Clinical Research, Science/R&D, Research
Masters Degree/MBA
The NIAID Transition Program in Clinical Research provides an exceptional opportunity for physicians to gain clinical and translational research experience in the NIAID Division of Intramural Research (DIR). The program aims to increase the pool of well-trained clinical investigators who are competitive for clinical tenure-track positions.
Up to three candidates per year will be selected for three- to five-year appointments as assistant clinical investigators. Applicants must have an M.D. or M.D./Ph.D., be board-eligible or board-certified in a subspecialty (or equivalent), and qualify for credentialing by the NIH Clinical Center. Applicants should identify a DIR lab chief who will agree to host their research.
Information about DIR labs and contact information for lab chiefs is available on the DIR website. You can see more information about the program on the Transition Program in Clinical Research website.
Applications will be evaluated by a search committee composed of DIR principal investigators with clinical and basic research interests. Competitive candidates will be invited to present their research accomplishments and plans to the search committee.
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Interested candidates may contact DIR Deputy Director Dr. Karyl Barron at 301-402-2208 or kbarron@nih.gov for additional information or assistance in identifying an appropriate host lab.
To apply for this program, email a curriculum vitae/bibliography, a research program proposal (no more than two pages), and a letter of support from the accepting NIAID lab chief by Nov. 30, 2020, to Ms. Amy Collins at amy.collins@nih.gov. In addition, send three letters of recommendation to the chair, Transition Program in Clinical Research Search Committee, c/o Ms. Amy Collins at amy.collins@nih.gov.
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Rockets Hakeem Olajuwon believes protests will spark change
Houston Rockets Hakeem Olajuwon (Photo credit should read TED MATHIAS/AFP via Getty Images)
Houston Rockets legend Hakeem Olajuwon believes the nation-wide protests we've seen will lead to positive change.
On Monday, Hakeem Olajuwon and the Houston Rockets celebrated the Rockets' 25th anniversary of their second championship from the 1994-95 season. During that season, the Rockets did the impossible, becoming the first team with a sixth-place finish to win the NBA title in league history.
Olajuwon joined SportsTalk 790's afternoon show The A-Team to share his thoughts on many topics, including current Rockets superstar James Harden. One of the other things Olajuwon discussed was the racism plaguing our country and the subsequent protests that have transpired as a result.
Olajuwon says Harden is unbelievable. Related Story
Houston Rockets' Olajuwon believes protests will spark change.
Olajuwon stated, "The racism wasn't as magnified as it is now with social media. But I think it's always been there. But it depends on the individual and how you take it.
Of course the treatment that the black athletes get is different than the regular person. But everybody has their rights. You have that freedom of expression and freedom of speech, as long as you don't break the law.
In other countries outside America, we don't have that same opportunity as Americans do. I believe strongly that these protests will bring about positive change, God willing."
These are quite genuine comments from Olajuwon, and he provides a unique perspective having been an outsider to the United States for the first 17 years of his life. This has provided Olajuwon the ability to compare and contrast life in America versus life elsewhere.
He's also right that social media has helped to shed light into many of the incidents that have gone viral, such as the recent tragedy involving George Floyd, who was killed by the Minneapolis Police Department despite them knowing the incident was being filmed. The incident sparked outrage and a barrage of protests nation-wide, which Olajuwon believes will lead to positive change. This was the first incident in which all 50 American states protested, which is the type of reaction that that supports Olajuwon's optimism.
Several other Rockets players have also done their part to join the Black Lives Matter movement, as we saw Russell Westbrook join protesters in Compton, while emphasizing the importance of protecting loved ones. Westbrook was alongside fellow NBA All-Star Demar DeRozan and rapper Kendrick Lamar as well.
Rockets forward Thabo Sefolosha also made himself vulnerable in a very forthcoming interview, in which he explained how the George Floyd incident reminded him of an encounter he had with law enforcement several years earlier.
Doc Rivers took pride in Austin Rivers' IG posts. Next
Olajuwon is certainly right about the fact that our nation needs positive change, which has become more evident with each passing day. There have been multiple other officer-involved slayings since Floyd, so one can only hope Olajuwon's belief holds true, and that our nation is actually able to experience positive change.


The Garage is an 1800 square foot garage inside Nuvation's Sunnyvale Headquarters. Engineers work on cool projects there in their free time, creating new things that usually were conceived over beer and pizza some time before. Yes, in our spare time, Nuvation engineers stop engineering for fun and money, and start engineering for fun alone. We've made things like combat robots, an electric car, an autonomous driving electric beer keg, a robot that plays air hockey, and other arguably useful inventions that require an incredible amount of engineering expertise to make them work!


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The Southern Shores Beacon
About The Beacon
12/5/19: TOWN COUNCIL MEETING: CORRECTION AND CONFUSION; CONSTRUCTION OF SOUTH DOGWOOD TRAIL SIDEWALK UNDER WAY, COMPLETION EXPECTED JUNE 1
Ann G. Sjoerdsma	Uncategorized	 December 5, 2019 December 7, 2019 3 Minutes
Tree removal started in earnest this week along the east side of South Dogwood Trail in preparation for the concrete sidewalk.
Dear Beacon Readers:
I finally have had a chance to watch the videotape of the Town Council's regular meeting Tuesday evening and have discovered, much to my chagrin, that my decision to rely upon correspondents and publish news they reported to me was misplaced.
In their defense, I would say that this Town Council meeting was unduly confusing, starting with an appointment period during which Mayor Tom Bennett twice forgot to call votes and haltingly recommended nominations and appointments—at one point, Councilman Conners asked, "Which one did my name pop up on?"—and ending with a convoluted discussion about the Town's "goals" in its "beach management plan" that I will have to transcribe in order to make sense of it.
The point of "updating" the goals of the beach management plan, as the Council voted unanimously to have APTIM, the coastal engineering consultant, do seems to be to have APTIM sign off on a beach-nourishment project that would involve the entire Southern Shores coastline. In its previous studies, APTIM has exempted a northern area from around Fourth Avenue to the Duck border as not being in need of nourishment—an assessment that did not sit well with very vocal homeowners on Seventh Avenue.
In between the missed votes/confusing appointments and the Mayor's confusing motion about how APTIM Program Manager Ken Willson is to revise the Town's "goals" in order to loop Seventh Avenue into any beach fill project it approves was a discussion about an increase in Bay Disposal and Recycling, LLC's monthly per-household recycling rate that had Town Council members seemingly at cross purposes.
Here again, I will have to transcribe the discourse, especially the comments made by Councilman Matt Neal, who showed he is very contract-savvy.
Bay Disposal is requesting an increase from the agreed-upon June 2018 contract amount of $5.42 per home per month to $7.40 per home per month. This would be an increase, roughly, of $30,000 for the next six months, and is intended to go toward paying increased processing fees that Bay Disposal now incurs.
In other news, Finance Officer/Human Resources Director Bonnie Swain informed the Town Council that she has spoken with the three town-manager search firms that the Town is considering, and all are "very qualified" and "equally qualified." (The meeting packet shows four choices, the fourth of which is an individual.)
According to Ms. Swain, each firm would charge $20,000 for its service, and each would enable the hiring of a new town manager by late May, if the Town were to execute a contract in January. Town Manager Peter Rascoe stepped down Aug. 16 before his Sept. 1 retirement.
Contrary to what was published in The Beacon yesterday, the Town Council's decision to table the Planning Board appointment(s) until Jan. 7 was not discussed. No reason was given, and there was no mention made of the applications that the Town has received. Mayor Tom Bennett simply said he wanted to table the appointment(s); Mayor Pro Tem Elizabeth Morey quickly made a motion to that effect; Councilman Matt Neal just as quickly seconded it; and the full Council unanimously approved it.
The Mayor did offer a reason, however, for tabling the appointments for the seven-member Capital Infrastructure Improvements Planning Committee. He said that the Council has not yet "gotten the people nominated for two positions."
In his report as Interim Town Manager, Wes Haskett said the Town would seek "input" from the current CIIP Committee when it meets Dec. 18, at 2 p.m., in the Pitts Center, on "multiple options" that the Town Engineer has offered for street improvement plans on Dewberry Lane.
According to Mr. Haskett, the Town Engineer also has finalized the street improvement plans for the section of East Dogwood Trail between Duck Road and Ocean Boulevard and will be meeting tomorrow at 3:30 p.m. in the Pitts Center with adjacent property owners to review them.
As you may have noticed, the destruction of trees on South Dogwood Trail, to make way for the five-foot-wide concrete sidewalk on the east side, started Tuesday, and sidewalk construction was to start yesterday, Mr. Haskett said. The target date for completion of the sidewalk is June 1.
Again, I regret the errors published yesterday. I will try to fill in some blanks soon about the beach management plan, Bay Disposal's rate increase request, and the town manager search.
Ann G. Sjoerdsma, 12/5/19
Published December 5, 2019 December 7, 2019
Previous Post 12/4/19: TOWN COUNCIL OKs MONTHLY WORKSHOPS; ELECTS MOREY MAYOR PRO TEM; TABLES PLANNING BOARD & CIIP COMMITTEE APPTS.; NAMES MOREY & NEAL CO-SPONSORS OF CUT-THRU TRAFFIC COMM.; TAKES UP 7TH AVE. BEACH NOURISHMENT, RECYCLING CONTRACT PRICE HIKE
Next Post 12/7/19: THE TOWN COUNCIL ON RECYCLING.: WHY BAY DISPOSAL IS SEEKING A PRICE HIKE; WHY YOUR CURBSIDE RECYCLABLES SOMETIMES END UP IN A LANDFILL; AND WHY THE BEACON ENDORSED MATT NEAL (Bravo!)
1/17/20: JAN. 21 WORKSHOP: BEACH NOURISHMENT 'ADDENDUM' BY APTIM ABOUT 'USEABLE' BEACHES AVAILABLE ONLINE; FINANCIAL PLANNER SUBMITS NO DOCUMENTS, WILL DO POWER-POINT JUST BEFORE PUBLIC FORUM
1/11/20: VIEWING THE TWO ENDS OF DOGWOOD TRAIL ON A BALMY WINTER WEEKEND; Public Forum on Beach Nourishment To Be Held on Jam-Packed Morning 'Workshop' Tuesday, Jan. 21
1/9/20: PUBLICLY FUNDED CURBSIDE RECYCLING AT RISK OF BEING DISCONTINUED; POTENTIAL LIBRARY SITE LOCATED ON JUNIPER TRAIL; NEW SSVFD FIRE STATION DELAYED AT LEAST UNTIL MID-MAY; TONY DIBERNARDO NAMED TO PLANNING BOARD
1/3/20: JAN. 7 MEETING: TOWN COUNCIL TO TAKE UP PROBLEMATIC RECYCLING CONTRACT, MAKE PLANNING BOARD, CIIP COMMITTEE APPOINTMENTS; Fire Chief Limbacher to Update Fire Station Construction
12/22/19: CUT-THROUGH TRAFFIC COMMITTEE MOVES FORWARD WITH NO-LEFT-TURN OPTION
12/21/19: REPAVED ROAD SHOWING CRACKS AFTER JUST 10 YEARS, TOWN ENGINEER REPORTS; BEACON ASKS: WHAT'S GOING ON? Also Updates on Priority Street-Improvement Projects: Hillcrest, Dewberry, East Dogwood
12/18/19: TREE REMOVAL ON SOUTH DOGWOOD TRAIL IS DONE, TOWN ENGINEER SAYS; PUBLIC SHOULD NOT BE CONCERNED ABOUT REMAINING PINK SLIPS; Full report of this week's two committee meetings to come
12/16/19: CUT-THROUGH TRAFFIC COMMITTEE MEETS TODAY AT 5:30 P.M., CIIP COMMITTEE ON WED., 2 P.M.; PLUS A PLUG FOR DONATIONS TO 'NO! MINI-HOTELS' LEGAL WAR CHEST
12/14/19: BEACON EDITORIAL: THE POLITICS OF BEACH NOURISHMENT: MAYOR SEEKS EXTENSION OF PROJECT TO ENTIRE BEACH DESPITE LACK OF NEED; SEVENTH AVENUE ADVOCATES ARE CATALYSTS FOR ACTION; Once Again, Transparency Is Lacking (Plus, News From Dare County)
12/11/19: THE TOWN COUNCIL FURTHER DELAYS THE ALREADY DELAYED SEARCH FOR A NEW TOWN MANAGER; Behind-the-Scenes Deliberations Raise Red Flags; The Mayor Shows Bias
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That Happy Expectation
"For the saving grace of God made its advent to all humanity, training us that, disowning irreverence and worldly desires, we should be living sanely and justly and devoutly in the current eon, anticipating that happy expectation, even the advent of the glory of the great God, and our Saviour Jesus Christ..." Titus 2:11-14
Acts 28 Dispensationalism Revisited: A Response to "Proof of Paul's Progression" (Part Four)
Miscellaneous Subjects
As evidence for his position, Stephen claims that there are things said by Paul in his "pre-prison" letters that are not as relevant or applicable to the body of Christ today as they were when Paul wrote to the saints at that time. The examples he gives are repentance, the Lord's Dinner and the spiritual gifts (e.g., speaking in tongues, performing miracles, healing and prophesying). Stephen writes: "Consider this: if we neglect to rightly divide Paul's epistles, we have no choice but to partake in the Lord's Dinner, seek the spiritual gifts, attempt to heal others, and so forth. Paul instructed his early readers (especially the Corinthians) to do all these things, declaring that Christ had passed them along to him. If Paul's letters are all equally relevant for us today, then either those ordinances are still valid, or Paul contradicts himself."
The Spiritual Gifts
According to Stephen, partaking in the Lord's Dinner, seeking the spiritual gifts, attempting to heal and prophesying are all "ordinances in keeping with the Israeli program." In "The Status of the Body of Christ Prior to Acts 28:28," I argued that the presence and exercise of spiritual gifts (e.g., speaking in tongues, healing, prophesying) at the time when Paul wrote to the Corinthians need not be understood as suggesting that Paul's ministry at this time was in accord with an "Israeli program." There is simply no need to divide up Paul's letters into two distinct "dispensational" categories in order to understand why the spiritual gifts were in operation at that time, but aren't today. It was because of the unique circumstances in that day that the spiritual gifts were present within the body of Christ when Paul wrote to the Corinthians.
One of the reasons for their manifestation had to do with the validation of Paul's apostleship as the apostle of the nations (see 2 Cor. 12:11-13; cf. 13:1-3). In Romans 15:18-19, Paul referred to the "signs and wonders" he performed in validation of his apostleship as being "for the obedience of the nations" (not "of Israel" or even "of Greek proselytes"), and - as noted earlier - these signs and wonders had been manifested from the beginning of his ministry to the nations (Acts 15:12). They were never meant to have a permanent place in the administration of the grace of God, but continued to be manifested only for as long as God deemed it necessary. When their manifestation ceased (or began to cease), Paul's instructions to the saints regarding them ceased to be directly applicable. But again, their ceasing had nothing to do with Israel, or with the ending of one administration and the beginning of a new one.
With regards to the issue of applicability and relevance, something that needs to be kept in mind is that none of Paul's letters – whether they were written during the "Acts era" or afterwards – were written directly to anyone alive today. No one alive today was among the original recipients of Paul's letters. This is not to deny that what Paul wrote to the saints in the body of Christ in the first century is more relevant, applicable and useful to believers today than (for example) James' letter to the twelve tribes scattered abroad. But it does mean that there are some things said by Paul that are less relevant and applicable to the saints today than they were to the saints that Paul had in mind when he wrote his letters – and this, again, is true regardless of when the letters were written.
Paul's instructions regarding the use of the spiritual gifts that were present within the body of Christ when Paul wrote to the Corinthians isn't the only example of Paul exhorting or entreating the original recipients of his letters to do things which a subsequent change in circumstances (circumstances which had nothing to do with a change in administrations) rendered inapplicable and no longer directly relevant to those reading his letters. Consider, for example, Paul's request in Ephesians 6:18-20, as well as his subsequent remarks in verses 21-22. It would be absurd to argue that, because what Paul wrote in these verses is not directly applicable or relevant to those reading today, it must be because we live in a different administration or dispensation! The fact is simply that a change in circumstances which had nothing to do with the administration we're under caused this part of Paul's letter to lose its direct relevance and applicability to those reading. I'm not, of course, saying that these words of Paul are entirely without applicability, or that they have no benefit for us; I'm simply pointing out what should be obvious: not everything that Paul wrote (whether in his "pre-prison letters" or "prison letters") directly pertains to us, or to every possible saint whom Paul believed may read his letters. Even for those saints who were among the first to read or hear what Paul wrote in Ephesians, the last few verses ceased to have the same relevance and applicability that they originally had when the circumstances that made it necessary for Paul to write what he did changed.
Consider also Phil. 2:25-30, noting especially Paul's appeal to the recipients of his letter to "receive him [Epaphroditus]." Can Stephen or any other saints besides those to whom Paul wrote this letter do what Paul requested? No. What about Paul's further entreatment in Phil. 4:2-3? Again, the answer is no. Or how about what Paul wrote in Colossians 4:2-4, 7-10 and 15-17? Can the saints today do what Paul exhorted the original recipients of this letter to do in these verses? If not, does it mean we exist in a different administration? Or does it simply mean that the circumstances of those to whom Paul originally wrote and our own circumstances are such that what Paul wrote in these verses simply doesn't directly pertain to us? Obviously, it's the latter. These are not, of course, the only examples of things that Paul wrote in his letters which, although not directly applicable to us today, Paul nonetheless included in his letters because of the circumstances at that time. But these examples should, hopefully, suffice.
Repentance: It's Not Just For Jews
According to Stephen, "Repentance is another important distinguisher between Paul's earlier and later epistles." Stephen then adds, "Paul's message in his earlier epistles contained a call to repentance, whereas his latter epistles stressed justification through faith." The sentence I underlined is perhaps the most perplexing and head-scratching statement Stephen makes in his entire article. So off-base is this statement that I actually thought I'd misread what Stephen wrote immediately after reading it. The most glaring problem with this assertion is the idea that Paul's "latter epistles stressed justification through faith," whereas his earlier epistles didn't. Stephen must have been sleep-deprived when he wrote that. Even a cursory reading of Paul's letters makes it clear that Paul spoke of justification by faith far more frequently in his "earlier letters" than in any of the letters he wrote while in prison (or after he was imprisoned). In fact, by my count the words "justification," "justify" or "justified" appear in Paul's "earlier epistles" (Galatians, 1 Corinthians and Romans) at least 15 times. Contrast this with the number of times that any of these words appear in his "latter epistles": the word "justified" appears only once, in Titus 3:7. To this fact Stephen may reply, "Yes, but that doesn't mean the truth of justification isn't implied in Paul's other 'prison epistles'; just because a certain term isn't explicitly used by Paul doesn't mean the idea or concept isn't present." Agreed, but as we'll see below, the same could be said concerning the truth of repentance.
Stephen seems to think that repenting and being justified by faith are somehow mutually exclusive – as if one cannot be justified and also be in need of "repenting" of something. But when we understand what "repentance" is, it should be obvious that this is simply not the case. The Greek noun metanoia (usually translated "repentance") simply means "a change of mind about something or someone"; similarly, its cognate verb metanoeo ("repent") simply means "to change one's mind about something or someone." There is ample evidence in the New Testament, the Septuagint (LXX) and in extra-biblical Greek literature that supports this understanding of the words.[1] The words, by themselves, are completely neutral with regards to that about which one is changing one's mind (or not), or about which one is being called to change one's mind (and that includes the action that is expected to follow from the change of mind). Only the context in which the words are found can inform us of this.
Although metanoia and metanoeo were certainly used in reference to the need of an Israelite to think (and then act) differently with regards to both their individual sins as well as their national unbelief/rejection of Christ, the words have nothing inherently to do with Israel, the Mosaic Law or an Israelite's view of Christ. For example, Paul declared to the pagan (non-proselytized) Gentiles in Athens that "God is now charging mankind that all everywhere are to repent (metanoeo), forasmuch as He assigns a day in which He is about to be judging the inhabited earth in righteousness by the Man Whom He specifies, tendering faith to all, raising Him from among the dead-" (Acts 17:30-31). In the context, the "repentance" (or change of mind) in view involves turning away from the worship of false gods/idols and worshipping the one true God (as he has revealed himself in "the man whom he specifies," Christ Jesus).
Again, to repent is simply to change one's mind about something or someone (which, depending on what one is changing one's mind about, will result in changed behavior). Our being justified – i.e., our being declared (or reckoned) righteous by God – does not put us beyond the need to change our mind with regards to some erroneous belief(s) we may have, or concerning some unloving, sinful behavior(s) we may be engaged in. It does not put us beyond the need to think differently about something and then to begin to act differently. The saints in Corinth to whom Paul wrote had been "justified in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ and by the spirit of our God" (1 Cor. 6:11) and thus become "God's righteousness in Christ" (2 Cor. 5:21). As such, they were "new creations" (v. 17). And yet, Paul did not hesitate to rebuke them for certain sinful and immature behavior they were engaged in, and to exhort them to think and act differently. We find this throughout his first letter to them. Interestingly, however, Paul never explicitly tells the Corinthian believers to "repent" of what they were doing in his first letter. And yet, whenever he rebuked them or exhorted them to think or act differently, their need for repentance (to change their mind) was implied. That this is the case is evident from the fact that Paul spoke of their response to his first letter as appropriately involving repentance (2 Cor. 7:9-10). Although Paul seemed satisfied with how some of the saints had responded to the rebukes and exhortations of his first letter, there were still others within the ecclesia who remained in need of "repenting of the uncleanness and prostitution and wantonness" which they were committing (2 Cor. 12:21). Did this mean that, while they were in need of repentance, they weren't justified by faith? No; of course not. Their eonian life "in the heavens" was just as secure as when they first believed and received the "earnest of the spirit" (2 Cor. 5:1-5). But their justification (and eonian expectation) notwithstanding, they were still "minors in Christ," and greatly lacking in maturity (1 Cor. 3:1-4).
Because a need for repentance was implied whenever Paul exhorted the Corinthian saints to think and behave differently than how they were behaving (again, Paul never explicitly mentioned repentance in his first letter to them), it can be reasonably concluded that a need for repentance was equally implied elsewhere in his letters whenever he exhorted the saints of other ecclesias to not behave in a certain way or do certain things. For example, Paul's exhortations in Ephesians 4:17-32 (such as, "Let him who steals by no means still be stealing; yet rather let him be toiling, working with his hands at what is good, that he may have to share with one who has need") imply a need for repentance for any of the saints who may have been engaged in such sinful behavior, rather than walking worthily of the calling with which they had been called (Eph. 4:1). If someone was stealing or engaged in prostitution (for example), then such behavior was something of which they were in need of repenting (i.e., changing their mind about). But again, a need for a believer to repent (to think and act differently than how they're thinking and acting) does not imply that one isn't justified, or that one is in any danger of losing one's eonian life.
The Lord's Dinner
Concerning the "Lord's dinner" referred to by Paul in 1 Corinthians 11:20-34 (cf. 1 Cor. 10:16-17), there is no indication that Paul considered this an ordinance that had to be kept, a "sacrament" that had to be "administered," or a ceremonial ritual that had to periodically observed by the saints to whom he wrote. There is no evidence that it was considered something that had to be done in order for one to be saved, or in order for one to comply with some standard of righteousness (such as the Mosaic Law). There is, consequently, no contradiction between what Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians 11 on this subject, and what he wrote in Colossians 2:16-23 concerning our freedom from having to comply with religious dietary laws, observe religious holy days, etc.
Although some have claimed that the Lord's dinner was the Passover feast, there are several considerations that show this position to be mistaken. We know, for example, that there were uncircumcised Gentiles in the Corinthian ecclesia, and that some of the Gentile saints (perhaps most) were even former idol-worshiping pagans (as has been argued in a previous section). However, we know from Exodus 12:43-48 that uncircumcised Gentiles were not allowed to participate in Israel's Passover feast. In addition to this, it is implied that the meal which Paul had in view was not an annual event (as was Israel's Passover feast); it was, rather, something that occurred (or, at least, was suppose to occur) whenever they came together to eat (1 Cor. 11:33-34). Not only does the Lord's dinner not refer to the Passover, but the meal of which Christ and his twelve disciples partook on the last night of our Lord's mortal life was not the Passover, either.[1] The so-called "last supper" occurred on the night before the Passover (John 13:1, 29; 18:28; 19:14, 31, 42). Although certain preparations were made for the Passover feast by Christ's disciples, Christ knew his intense yearning to celebrate it with his disciples before his suffering would not be fulfilled (Luke 22:15), and that he would not be eating of the Passover meal with his disciples until after the coming of the kingdom of God (v. 16).
If the Lord's dinner referred to in 1 Corinthians 11 was neither the Passover feast nor some other type of religious ceremony, ritual or ordinance that the body of Christ had to observe, then what was it? It was (and is), I believe, simply this: a shared meal between members of the body of Christ when we come together "in the same place" to fellowship with one another. Whenever this occurs - and there is an endeavor to "keep the unity of the spirit" (Eph. 4:2-4) – our eating and drinking together is the Lord's dinner (cf. 1 Cor. 10:16-17). Through the sharing of a meal in a way that displays this unity, the saints in the body of Christ "are announcing the Lord's death until He should be coming" (1 Cor. 11:26). However, to the extent that disunity characterizes the gathering together of the saints in the body of Christ - and the ecclesia of God is "despised" through selfish, unloving behavior (vv. 21-22) - the Lord's dinner is not being eaten.
The Jerusalem Council Decrees
Concerning the "essentials" decided upon at the gathering in Jerusalem (as described in Acts 15), Stephen writes:
"When Paul and Barnabas met with the apostles and elders of Jerusalem to discuss the requirements for salvation for the nations, they agreed that while circumcision was not a requirement, other observances of the Mosaic Law--items they deemed "essentials" (v. 28)--were still to be kept (namely: abstaining from ceremonial pollution with idols, and prostitution, and what is strangled, and blood). This decision, agreed upon by Paul in Acts 15, is a far cry from his later evangel of God's grace which requires no law keeping, whatsoever."
As noted in part three, the decrees presupposed that the nations in view were not proselytes. Rather, the decrees presupposed that they came from a pagan, idol-worshipping background. The meeting in Jerusalem had to do with whether or not those among the nations who were "turning back to God"[2] had to become proselytes (which would've involved their being circumcised and keeping the law of Moses) in order to be saved. As Stephen would agree, the answer on which everyone agreed was "no." Becoming proselytized was not required for the believing Gentiles. This decision notwithstanding, Stephen believes that the four things that they decided the nations would be "well engaged" to be abstaining from were "observances of the Mosaic Law" that were "requirements for salvation." However, nowhere in the letter in which the decrees are mentioned is there any mention of salvation. Nor do we read of any penalties/consequences for violating the decrees; the letter simply ends by saying that if the nations abstain from the things referred to, they "will be well engaged" (CV), "shall prosper" (Rotherham), or "shall do well" (Young).
Thus, while the decrees were certainly exhortations to avoid certain things, that does not make them "requirements for salvation" or an example of "law keeping." Being examples of apostolic exhortations, they should be understood as having the same status as the exhortations found throughout Paul's letters. They are, in other words, standards that reveal how believers should be "walking" in order to "walk worthily of the calling with which [we] were called" (Eph. 4:1; cf. 4:17-19; 5:15-16). They are not a matter of eonian life or death, but of living in a way that honors God and Christ and promotes peace and harmony between believers. These decrees are no more Mosaic commandments than are Paul's exhortations that believers not steal (Eph. 4:28), that they avoid prostitution and uncleanness (5:3), and that they abstain from getting drunk with wine (v. 18).
But why were these particular "essentials" chosen, as opposed to others? If, as Stephen believes, these four decrees were selected as requirements for salvation and law-keeping for believing Gentiles, then it would be inexplicable why these four were selected and others excluded. If these essentials are understood as a selection from the 613 laws of Moses that the believing Gentiles were to keep in order to be saved, the selection would be completely arbitrary. To help the reader better appreciate this point, consider the following imaginary dialogue between Peter and James:
James: "Okay, so I think we're all agreed that the salvation of those among the nations who believe doesn't depend on their being circumcised - which, as we all know, would make them debtors to the whole Mosaic Law [Gal. 5:3]. At the same time, we don't want any non-proselytized Gentiles to be complete violators of the whole law, either."
Peter: "Good point. What do you propose, James?"
James: "Let's just come up with four commandments to make sure at least part of the law will be kept by them. That should suffice, right?"
Peter: "How about abstaining from idol sacrifices, and blood, and what is strangled, and prostitution?"
James: "Sure; sounds good. All those in favor, say 'Aye!'"
Understood in this way, the decrees and the decision reached would've been completely contrary to everything Paul wrote concerning the nations being justified by faith apart from the works of the law (as revealed most clearly in Galatians and Romans). Had Paul understood this to be the purpose and nature of the decrees, there is no way he would've agreed to it. But if these four decrees aren't a random selection from the Mosaic Law, how then should we understand them? Although several theories have been put forth (such as seeing the decrees as having their basis in the so-called "Noachide Laws"), I believe the best explanation is that all four essentials had to do with customs associated with pagan cults.[3] That is, the decrees did not comprise a random list of things that the nations were to avoid, but were all connected to certain activities/rituals that were performed in (and were seen as inseparable from) the worship of false gods. This understanding of the decrees would explain why Paul would have no problem approving of them; as Paul made clear in 1 Cor. 10:14-22, it was not appropriate for the saints to be participating in activities that were connected with the worship of demons (which Paul understood as being behind all idolatrous practices).
[1] See, for example, the article at the following link: https://bible.org/seriespage/3-new-testament-repentance-lexical-considerations
[2] When those from the nations repent of their idolatry and turn to the one true God, it can be spoken of as a "turning back to God." At one point in history, all humanity (i.e., before there were Israelites) worshipped the one true God. Only later did the worship of the one true God degenerate into the worship of false gods/idols. Thus, when any Gentile repents of his idolatry, he is returning, in a sense, to the primitive state of his ancestors.
[3] For a more in-depth defense of this position, the reader is encouraged to check out the following articles: https://www.gci.org/acts/decree2 and http://www.torahresource.com/EnglishArticles/Acts%2015.pdf.
Posted by Aaron Welch at 10:46 AM
Lu April 17, 2016 at 7:02 AM
Thank you Aaron!This is great help in the understanding department.I trust in God's help in the deportment of this truths in my personal life.so many things to repent from that I have difficulty doing.But I'm so thankful for the security of eonian life.I hope to get rid of unwanted baggage here, wherever possible and whenever possible.Thanks again brother.
Aaron Welch April 17, 2016 at 10:24 AM
You're welcome, brother...thanks for the encouraging comment. As far as wanting to "get rid of unwanted baggage wherever and whenever possible," I know exactly what you mean, and share this desire. But it's wonderful to know that, regardless of what we do (or fail to do) in this life, nothing is condemnation for us...even when our "baggage" remains (or accumulates), God's grace super-exceeds (Rom. 5:20)! Indeed, it is this very grace that I believe enables us to discard the junk in our life (Titus 2:11-14). Thanks again for the comment, and may God's grace be with you!
Aaron, I want to start by saying how pleased I am to have met you and your wife in Birmingham a few years ago, having no idea at that time what a powerful instrument for the truth you are! I'm in awe of your analytical and deductive powers, knowing fully God has given you these tools to glorify Him. Brother, it is indeed a pleasure to read your work, and deeply gratifying to witness one from the next generation whom God is raising up as a faithful dispenser of His truth. May God continue to lavish you with Spirit and faith that you may remain staunch, keenly perceptive and filled with Wisdom, standing immovable in His love.
Aaron Welch May 22, 2016 at 4:56 AM
Thank you so much for the kind, validating and encouraging words, Anonymous! It really means a lot. I consider the time of the Birmingham conference a pivotal and catalytic moment in my life, and I look forward to the next time Chrissy and I get to fellowship with such a wonderful (and relatively large) group of people as were present at that conference. Thank you again so much for your words of encouragement, and may God's grace be with you.
Aaron, maybe I'm dense but I don't see what advantage there is in the Acts 28 premise, to the Jew of member of Christ's body. Even in Mr. Knoch's time, who benefits from believing this stuff about an Acts 28 dispensational dividing line?
What's your take on it brother?
Aaron Welch July 1, 2016 at 3:58 AM
That's a good question. I think there may be several factors that could explain someone's coming to hold to the Acts 28 theory. Hopefully the main reason is that they've become convinced that there is scriptural evidence to support it (obviously, I think it would be a mistake to think this)! Thanks for the comment.
Aaron Welch
Acts 28 Dispensationalism Revisited: A Response to...


text:
description: Develop plugins and use existing plugins for Docker Engine
keywords:
- extend, plugins, docker, documentation, developer
menu:
  main:
    identifier: engine_extend
    parent: engine_use
    weight: 0
title: Implement plugins
type: menu
---

<!--menu page not rendered-->

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When reading blogs about UWC-schools it would sometimes surprise me how people didn't seem as exited about UWC before going as I would've thought that they would be. This post is an attempt to explain all the different feelings I, at the very least, experience the few months before leaving for Red Cross Nordic UWC.
I got a phonecall from my sisters when I was on the bus on my way to meet some friends. I had spent the day worrying about not getting in, as I knew some people that had already found out that they had. Once I got the call, though, I couldn't believe it, and I still really don't. Today I spent my last day at my old school, writing my last test in Swedish, perhaps ever, and it didn't feel special at all. I think, in a way, that I've been dreaming about this for so long that it is still completely insane that I acctually got in. At times it hits me just how lucky I am, but then it feels unreal again. According to "Days Until" on my phone, it's 70 days until I leave for Norway - a little more than 2 months. It's completely unreal and I can't really put words to the feeling.
I don't actually believe that I will arrive at the school.
Here's the thing - the internet is nothing like reality. And although I veryveryvery much want to get to know everyone, I don't want to get a prejudiced idea of them before actually meeting them. Therefore, I think I would prefer staying away from all the exciting internet things before leaving. At the same time, I use these groups and so on as a way to make sure that I don't fail with all the documents, or when to arrive to Norway, or what to bring.
That's some thoughts and feeling that I have right now. Of course, overall I'm sooooo excited, but I thought it worth to note that I'm not only excited, because I'm sure that I'm only going to remember the excitement in a few years when I look back on this summer.


text:
Q: Como puedo obtener los valores CYMK de un input color estoy tratando de obtener los valores CYAN YELLOW MAGENTA Y BLACK de un input color HTML, los valores mencionados van de 0 a 100 por cada uno para obtener un color, he visto que ya hay sitios que realizan esto pero existe alguna forma de hacerlo mas facil?
Por ejemplo, desde un input color ingresado, como puedo obtener solo el valor CYAN de un color y plasmarlo con un document.getElementById() en un parrafo mas abajo. Alguien me puede guiar? quedo atento gracias!

A: Puedes crear una función que te permita convertir colores hexadecimales a CMYK, una vez los tengas te será más facil usarlos como quieras, aquí te dejo un ejemplo con paso a paso que toma el color del input, lo convierte y luego muestra el resultado en consola:

(() => {
  // función util para determinar si un string es un color hexadecimal
  function isHex(hex) {
    return /^#[0-9A-Fa-f]{6}$/g.test(hex);
  }

  // función para convertir un color hex a cmyk
  function hexToCmyk(hex) {
    // 1. valida si el color es un color hexadecimal válido
    if (!isHex(hex)) throw `invalid hex "${hex}"`;

    // 2. separa el hex en parejas: #32A852 = 32 A8 52
    const pairs = hex.match(/[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}/g);

    // 3. convierte a RGB (o valores decimales) y divide
    // cada valor por 255 para obtener números entre 0 y 1
    const [R, G, B] = pairs.map((pair) => parseInt(pair, 16) / 255);

    // 4. obtén el valor de K para luego computar los valores de C, M y Y
    // siguiendo esta formula:
    const _K = 1 - Math.max.call(null, R, G, B);
    // _K contiene el valor de K pero con posibles decimales

    // D será un divisor en la formula posterior que podría llegar a valer 0
    // lo computamos antes por seguridad para evitar división por 0 más adelante
    const D = 1 - _K;

    // si es 0, sabemos que los demás valores serán 0
    // este caso se puede dar si todos los valores RGB son 0, es decir, si el color es negro
    // 5. maneja esta excepción especial:
    if (!D) return { C: 0, M: 0, Y: 0, K: 100 };

    // función util para obtener el valor entero final redondeado:
    const round = (val) => Math.round(val * 100);

    // función util para calcular los valores de C, M y Y:
    const compute = (val) => (1 - val - _K) / D;

    // 6. calculamos y formateamos
    const C = round(compute(R));
    const M = round(compute(G));
    const Y = round(compute(B));
    const K = round(_K);

    return { C, M, Y, K };
  }

  // 7. captura el input
  const input = document.querySelector("input#color");

  // 8. agrega un handler al evento change del input
  input.addEventListener("change", (e) => {
    // 9. obtén el valor seleccionado
    const hex = e.target.value;
    // 10. convierte el color
    const cmyk = hexToCmyk(hex);

    console.log(cmyk);
  });
})();

  <input type="color" id="color" name="color" value="#e66465" />
  Selecciona un color


is one of the well-known clinics in Sohna Chowk, Gurgaon offering best dental treatment services. The clinic has experienced dentists and consultants. Book an online appointment with Dr Sunil Ahuja at . today and get a healthy smile.


Stainless Steel Spatulas – Jack Richeson & Co.
A selection of the finest Italian Steel Spatulas. Painters of frescos and large landscapes are always looking for high-quality knives. These are the best. Printmakers mixing ink or painters will find this an excellent selection. All knives have beautiful hand shaped, polished wood handles. Made by artists for artists.


text:
Synchronous adrenal metastasis and an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus from an ovarian carcinoma
Hiroyuki Tokue1,
Azusa Tokue1 &
Yoshito Tsushima1
A 60-year-old woman presented with synchronous adrenal metastasis and an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in the adrenal vein that developed from an ovarian carcinoma. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and right adrenalectomy with caval tumor thrombectomy for treatment. Microscopic examination revealed a clear cell ovarian carcinoma and a metastatic adrenal tumor. The patient is clinically free of disease after 6 years of follow-up. There have been no reports of synchronous adrenal metastasis with an inferior vena cava thrombus that developed from an ovarian carcinoma. As several reports have described the long-term survival after adrenalectomy for the treatment of isolated adrenal metastasis, clinicians should be aware of this potential occurrence so that patients can be appropriately treated.
Adrenal metastases from visceral carcinoma are uncommon; they most commonly arise from primary lung, breast, and kidney tumors [1]. Adrenal metastases from ovarian carcinomas are extremely rare. Currently, there is only one report in the English literature of synchronous adrenal metastasis that developed from an ovarian carcinoma [2], and, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of synchronous adrenal metastasis with an inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus that developed from an ovarian carcinoma. Several investigators have documented that aggressive surgical resection of an adrenal metastasis, when done in patients with solitary, excisable disease and after a long disease-free interval, can prolong patient survival [3]. We present a rare case of synchronous adrenal metastasis with an IVC tumor thrombus in the adrenal vein that developed from an ovarian carcinoma. The patient is clinically free of disease after 6 years of follow-up.
A 60-year-old woman—with no history of tumors—was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal distension. Abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a pelvic mass with solid components and a 20-cm left ovarian tumor, respectively (Figure 1). Computed tomography (CT) and MRI revealed a 9-cm mass extending through the right adrenal vein into the IVC (Figure 2a, 2b). Cervical and endometrial cytology results were normal, and routine laboratory tests were within normal limits. The patient's serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level was 5310 U/mL (normal range: 0–35 U/mL). On the basis of these results, the right adrenal mass was considered a metastasis that developed from the ovarian carcinoma. Although the left ovarian tumor was adhered to the sigmoid colon, laparotomy revealed no dissemination into the abdominal cavity and peritoneal fluid cytology was negative. Total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, low anterior resection, right adrenalectomy with caval tumor thrombectomy, lymphadenectomy, and omentectomy were performed. The tumor thrombus was adhered to the right adrenal vein ostium, and a portion of the IVC wall was resected en bloc by primary adrenal resection. The adrenal gland was carefully mobilized, taking care not to injure the tumor capsule and cause dissemination of the tumor cells. Macroscopic observations revealed that the tumor thrombus, which had extended through the adrenal venous system, was removed intact (Figure 3). Histopathological examination revealed that the left ovarian tumor was a clear cell carcinoma (Figure 4a). Microscopic examination revealed clear cell carcinoma metastases with a tumor thrombus in the right adrenal gland (Figure 4b). There were no metastases in the omentum and paraaortic lymph nodes. The patient's post-operative course was uneventful, and she was discharged on the tenth operative day. The lymphocele resolved within a week without any sequelae. After the surgery, the patient received chemotherapy with cisplatin and irinotecan. Two years after the surgery, the patient's CA125 levels were within normal limits (32 U/mL), and she is clinically free of disease after 6 years of follow-up, with no other detectable sites of metastasis.
Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. An axial T2-weighted image—of a 60-year-old woman presenting with an ovarian tumor—revealed a cystic mass with solid portions.
Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. (a) Contrast enhanced CT and (b) fat-suppression T2-weighted images revealed a mass extending through the right adrenal vein into the inferior vena cava (IVC). Arrows designate the IVC tumor thrombus.
Macroscopic findings. Macroscopically, the right adrenal mass had a cream-colored appearance with hemorrhagic areas. The mass extended through the adrenal vein and into the inferior vena cava. Identifiable bright yellow adrenal cortical tissue was notably stretched over the mass. The arrowhead designates the tumor thrombus.
Histopathological findings. (a) Histopathological examination (hematoxylin and eosin staining) revealed a clear cell carcinoma in the ovarian tumor (magnification, 200×). (b) A clear cell carcinoma similar to that of the primary ovarian carcinoma was confirmed in the adrenal tumor (magnification 200×).
Ovarian cancer can spread via peritoneal implantation, lymphatic invasion, or hematogenous dissemination. Although intraperitoneal implantation is the primary mode of ovarian cancer dissemination, hematogenous metastases are uncommon. However, autopsy and cross-sectional imaging studies have determined that the prevalence of metastases in advanced disease is higher than the prevalence that was previously recognized. The reported prevalence of adrenal and pancreatic metastases in patients with ovarian cancer at autopsy is 15% and 21%, respectively [4]. Hematogenous metastases from ovarian carcinoma may be more commonly identified with the implementation of new treatments, which would result in improved survival rates.
While the abdominal cavity is routinely surveyed using CT before the treatment of ovarian cancer, incidental discovery of an adrenal mass is rare, even in patients with advanced disease. Table 1 summarizes both the previously reported cases of adrenal metastasis that developed from ovarian cancer and our current case [2]. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of synchronous adrenal metastasis with an inferior vena cava thrombus that developed from an ovarian carcinoma. The adrenal metastasis in the case of our patient was larger than that in previous reports.
Table 1 Documented cases of adrenal metastasis that developed from ovarian cancer
There are potentially a number of routes for the development of adrenal metastases from an ovarian carcinoma, including the systemic venous, arterial, and lymphatic routes of dissemination. Some reports suggested that the incidence of contralateral lymph node metastasis from the primary site of the ovarian cancer was 11–30% [12, 13]. Although the mode of dissemination for contralateral adrenal metastasis is unknown, contralateral lymph node metastasis might suggest a route via the lymphatic system from the primary tumor to the contralateral adrenal gland.
The management of patients with adrenal metastases poses a therapeutic challenge. Although adrenal metastases were considered incurable, surgery is now recommended for isolated adrenal metastasis. Adrenalectomy for metastatic cancer was rarely performed because the survival benefit for patients undergoing such resections was not clear; however, it is now advised in patients with a good performance status where there is unilateral adrenal metastasis with no residual primary or other distant metastases [7, 14].
In the case of this patient, the metastases were localized to the adrenal gland and tumor thrombus. Macroscopically complete resection with subsequent chemotherapy contributed to the improved prognosis.
To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of synchronous adrenal metastasis with an IVC tumor thrombus through the adrenal vein from an ovarian carcinoma. This is an uncommon case; however, clinicians should be aware of this occurrence so that patients can be treated appropriately. We believe that patients with macroscopically complete tumor resection may benefit from surgical intervention.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this Case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
Kim SH, Brennan MF, Russo P, Burt ME, Coit DG: The role of surgery in the treatment of clinically isolated adrenal metastasis. Cancer 1998, 82: 389–394. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980115)82:2<395::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-T
Baron M, Hamou L, Laberge S, Callonnec F, Tielmans A, Dessogne P: Metastatic spread of gynaecological neoplasms to the adrenal gland: case reports with a review of the literature. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2008, 29: 523–526.
Luketich JD, Burt ME: Does resection of adrenal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer improve survival? Ann Thorac Surg 1996, 62: 1614–1616. 10.1016/S0003-4975(96)00611-X
Dvoretsky PM, Richards KA, Angel C, Rabinowitz L, Stoler MH, Beecham JB, Bonfiglio TA: Distribution of disease at autopsy in 100 women with ovarian cancer. Hum Pathol 1988, 19: 57–63. 10.1016/S0046-8177(88)80316-2
Einat S, Amir S, Silvia M, Moshe I: Successful laparoscopic removal of a solitary adrenal metastasis from ovarian carcinoma: a case report. Gynecol Oncol 2002, 85: 201–203. 10.1006/gyno.2001.6547
Patlas M, O'Malley ME, Chapman W: Adrenal metastasis from ovarian carcinoma. Am J Roentgenol 2004, 183: 1711–1712. 10.2214/ajr.183.6.01831711
Sundersingh S, Rajasundaram S, Majhi U: Bilateral adrenal metastases from bilateral small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary. Indian J Surg 2003, 65: 373–375.
Ozpacaci T, Tamam MO, Mulazimoglu M, Kamali G, Ozcan D: Isolated adrenal metastasis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary detected with FDG-PET/CT. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2012, 31: 297–298.
Redman BG, Pazdur R, Zingas AP, Loredo R: Prospective evaluation of adrenal insufficiency in patients with adrenal metastasis. Cancer 1987, 60: 103–107. 10.1002/1097-0142(19870701)60:1<103::AID-CNCR2820600119>3.0.CO;2-Y
Castillo OA, Vitagliano G, Kerkebe M, Parma P, Pinto I, Diaz M: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for suspected metastasis of adrenal glands: our experience. Urology 2007, 69: 637–641. 10.1016/j.urology.2006.12.025
Lam KY, Lo CY: Metastatic tumours of the adrenal glands: a 30-year experience in a teaching hospital. Clin Endocrinol 2002, 56: 95–101. 10.1046/j.0300-0664.2001.01435.x
Negishi H, Takeda M, Fujimoto T, Todo Y, Ebina Y, Watari H, Yamamoto R, Minakami H, Sakuragi N: Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node identification as related to the primary sites of lymph node metastasis in early stage ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2004, 94: 161–166. 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.04.023
Cass I, Li AJ, Runowicz CD, Fields AL, Goldberg GL, Leuchter RS, Lagasse LD, Karlan BY: Pattern of lymph node metastases in clinically unilateral stage I invasive epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Gynecol Oncol 2001, 80: 56–61. 10.1006/gyno.2000.6027
Folli S, Zaccaroni A, Mengozzi M, Dell'Amore D, Vio A: Surgical treatment of adrenal metastases. Personal experience. Minerva Chir 1998, 53: 1035–1038.
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
Hiroyuki Tokue, Azusa Tokue & Yoshito Tsushima
Hiroyuki Tokue
Azusa Tokue
Yoshito Tsushima
Correspondence to Hiroyuki Tokue.
HT, AT, YT, All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Tokue, H., Tokue, A. & Tsushima, Y. Synchronous adrenal metastasis and an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus from an ovarian carcinoma. J Ovarian Res 7, 5 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-2215-7-5
Adrenal metastasis
Tumor thrombus


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Ducane offer you a regular and routine standard dry cleaning of every day items, using the best machines and experienced staff, a combination that will get items thoroughly dry cleaned time after time.
All of your clothing Items such as shirts, trousers, skirts and ladies tops can be conveniently cleaned for the next day.
Ducane also offer Castelnau a handy sameday and express dry cleaning service. And to make life more convenient for you we also offer a pick up and delivery service too. We'll simply pick up your dirty shirts, pants, skirts and tops, in our specially designed van, wash, dry and iron them for you. We will then deliver them straight back to you clean and fresh!
If you have larger household and are finding it difficult to manage & wash your entire household's clothing and soft furnishings. We offer Castelnau a household service laundry done for the week.
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Kart racing or Karting is a variant of open-wheel motor-sport with small, open, four-wheeled vehicles called karts, go-karts, or gearbox/shifter karts depending on the design. They are usually raced on scaled-down circuits.Karts vary widely in speed (known as recreational go-karts ) intended for limited to lower speeds. and some (known as Superkarts) can reach speeds exceeding 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph), From age 5 to 75, racing go karts have become popular all over the world with people looking for an exciting way of having fun. In fact, many amusement parks have added rental racing go karts (called concession karts) that use detuned 4-stroke go-cart engines for a milder experience.


This is one of the waistcoats that we designed to go with our early Victorian double-breasted tailcoat style.
We wanted a vest that would cut away straight at the hem, exposing a few inches of the waistcoat fabric when the coat was closed.
The result has proven popular both with our formal/wedding/tailcoat customers and those who want something with a bit of steampunk flair to wear out with jeans or a pair of slacks to loft parties and clubs.
The version in the first picture is one of our favorites. The fabric is an iridescent rayon brocade with a paisley design and green copper buttons. The fabric is alternately red, burgundy, wine, and brown depending on the angle at which you see it from. The vest shown with the tailcoat is made from a very fine silk brocade, also with a paisley design.
The beauty of these vests is that one can really alter every detail. For example, we can make the same style of vest, but in a single-breasted version, or with a peaked lapel or notched (triangular hem). Another thought would be to make a shawl style collar in a contrast fabric.
Brocade Double-Breasted vests generally run about $248 when you send us your measurements or $295 with a muslin version to ensure a perfect fit (recommend when ordering the piece for a wedding or with a muslin fit suit).


Flyvbjerg, Bent (2007) Cost overruns and demand shortfalls in urban rail and other infrastructure. Transportation Planning and Technology, 30 (1). pp. 9-30.
Risk, including economic risk, is increasingly a concern for public policy and management. The possibility of dealing effectively with risk is hampered, however, by lack of a sound empirical basis for risk assessment and management. This article demonstrates the general point for cost and demand risks in urban rail projects. The article presents empirical evidence that allow valid economic risk assessment and management of urban rail projects, including benchmarking of individual or groups of projects. Benchmarking of the Copenhagen Metro is presented as a case in point. The approach developed is proposed as a model for other types of policies and projects in order to improve economic and financial risk assessment and management in policy and planning.