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Chemicals in the Workplace and their Management
By Chris Packham
Published: January 01st, 1970
Chris Packham looks at chemicals in the workplace and their management, with particular emphasis on skin exposure and its consequences.
We encounter chemicals every day, often without even considering them as such. Indeed, we are made up of a myriad of different chemicals, many of which in certain circumstances could be considered as hazardous, either to others or to ourselves. The reality is that everything is comprised of one or more chemicals and may be beneficial or harmful, depending upon the circumstances under which we encounter it or its effects on our environment.
This being the case, how can we ensure that chemicals within our working environment do not cause harm?
Firstly, is this an important issue when considering worker safety and health? The answer has to be a resounding yes. We do not know precisely how much damage to health is caused worldwide due to exposure to chemicals, but the statistics that we do have for many countries indicate that the total effect must be enormous. Statistics from the UK show that occupationally induced ill health causes an estimated 31,000 fatalities every year, many of which will be due to exposure to chemicals. Our concern should be with workplace exposure to chemicals that can cause damage to health and how we manage this so that harm does not occur; however, this is not as simple as many assume. Essentially there are three routes by which chemical exposure can occur, these being inhalation, ingestion and through the skin.
Traditionally, when considering chemicals in a working environment and their effect on those present in that environment, attention has concentrated upon inhalation as the route of exposure and uptake. There has been an immense amount of research into inhalation exposure and its effects. This has resulted in methods for monitoring and measuring, workplace exposure limits, and methods for controlling airborne chemicals, such as local extraction and respiratory protective equipment (RPE). It has been common practice to consider inhalation in isolation, but as this article will show this is frequently not correct.
Ingestion of chemicals and their effects on health are frequently not included in our evaluation of risks to health in the workplace. By 'ingestion' we do not mean what is consumed in the canteen, but what is ingested unintentionally through the oesophagus, stomach and digestive tract. Here again we cannot consider ingestion in isolation, as we will see when we consider causes of systemic toxic effects due to exposure to chemicals.
Skin exposure
Skin exposure is often considered to be of lesser significance compared to the effects of inhalation. It is common to find views such as a skin problem being 'just a rash' and therefore not of any great significance when compared with respiratory issues. If that were the case why do the EU regulations on classification, packaging and labelling contain the Hazard Statement 'H310 – Fatal in contact with skin'? After all, just a few drops of dimethyl mercury on her gloved hand was sufficient to kill Professor Wetterhahn, an inspired researcher, who tragically died from acute mercury poisoning in 1997.
The reality is that statistics show occupational skin diseases to be more numerous than respiratory diseases, with the exception of asbestos and non-chemical related skin cancer. The following statement serves to illustrate the dangers of skin exposure:
"Both the number of cases and the rate of skin diseases in the US exceed recordable respiratory illnesses. In 2006, there were 41,400 recordable skin diseases reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics at a rate of 4.5 injuries per 10,000 employees, compared to 17,700 respiratory illnesses with a rate of 1.9 illnesses per 10,000 employees." – OSHA Technical Manual, Section II, Chapter 2.
This indicates that occupational skin diseases outnumbered respiratory diseases at a ratio of 2.36:1.
When in 2011 the World Health Organization held a workshop on the global prevalence of occupational skin disease, their conclusion was:
"Occupational skin diseases are among the three most frequent groups of occupational diseases. … However, occupational skin diseases have attracted relatively little attention in the global and national agendas for prevention of occupational and work-related diseases. – World Health Organisation Global Workshop, Geneva, February, 2011.
The EU Agency for Safety and Health at Work has stated:
"Occupational skin diseases are estimated to cost the EU €600 million each year, resulting in around three million lost working days. They affect virtually all industry and business sectors and force many workers to change jobs." – European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Fact Sheet no. 40.
Regarding national statistics, on which this statement was based, the European Dermatology Forum has stated:
"National registries are usually incomplete as a result of under diagnosis and underreporting of the disease. The incidence of occupational skin diseases in Europe may be underestimated by 10 to 50 times." – from European Dermatology Forum White Book –Skin Diseases in Europe.
It is worth noting that the comment by the WHO about skin diseases attracted relatively little attention. While this is now changing, the emphasis on the training of occupational health and safety practitioners is still heavily biased towards respiratory exposure and its management. Indeed, in the UK it is still possible to qualify as a certified occupational hygienist without having completed any training on occupational skin exposure and its management. Some of the training that is provided is out of date and may even contain significant errors.
We need also to recognise that skin uptake can represent a potential risk of the exposed person suffering from systemic toxic damage. Skin uptake can be the more important route.
"In many instances dermal exposure is the principal route of exposure, especially for chemicals that are relatively non-volatile. For example, biological monitoring results of coke oven workers coupled with air monitoring of the employees' exposure demonstrated that 51% of the average total dose of benzo[a]pyrene adsorbed by coke oven workers occurred via skin contact. Studies of employees in the rubber industry suggest that exposure to genotoxic chemicals present in the workplace is greater via the skin than via the lung." – OSHA Technical Manual, Section II, Chapter 2.
One study even indicated that even if the level of airborne exposure were below the regulatory limit, there might still be a risk of damage to health due to skin uptake from the airborne chemical.
"Air threshold limits are insufficient to prevent adverse health effects in the case of contact with substances with a high dermal absorption potential." – Drexler H, Skin protection and percutaneous absorption of chemical hazards, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (2003) 76:359-361.
This can also work in the reverse direction, i.e. skin exposure may initiate respiratory problems.
"Although respiratory exposures have been the primary concern with isocyanates, skin exposure can also occur and may contribute to sensitisation and asthma." – Skin Exposure to Aliphatic Polyisocyanates in the Auto Body Repair and Refinishing Industry: A Qualitative Assessment, Liu Y et al, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2007, 51, 429-439.
In his doctoral thesis in 2001, titled Genotoxic Exposure and Biological Effects in the Rubber Manufacturing Industry – Relevance of the Dermal Route, Roel Vermeulen stated:
"Little attention has been paid to dermal exposure in this particular industry. Falck et al and Kilpikari suggested in the early 1980s that dermal absorption of chemical compounds could play an important part in the rubber industry. Direct evidence for this hypothesis was found in a study by Bros et al in an aircraft tyre retreading company, where a direct relation was found between dermal exposure to cyclohexane soluble matter and urinary mutagenicity, while no relation was found between urinary mutagenicity and rubber particulates and fumes in air."
We need to recognise that in many situations we will be dealing with exposure from more than one route. This is particularly significant when chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and initiate systemic reactions. The fact is that for systemic damage what is important is the total dose reaching the target organ, irrespective of the route of uptake. So what we need to identify is the combined uptake of all three routes: inhalation, dermal and ingestion. One of the immediate consequences of this is that, for many chemicals, the concept that 'ensuring airborne exposure is below the prescribed regulatory level represents adequate control' may not be valid in terms of the true risk of damage to health. It may be necessary for regulatory compliance, but should the combination of the uptake of the three routes be sufficient to cause systemic damage, worker health can be severely compromised. As a consequence, considering each of the three routes in isolation is no longer an acceptable approach.
The problem now arises as to how we can develop a comprehensive risk assessment approach, combining the data on all three routes. Unfortunately very little seems to exist in terms of scientific studies or guidance on this. At the present time our only reliable technique appears to be that of biological monitoring of workers to establish their level of exposure. While this may not, of itself, indicate the significance of each route of exposure, it will indicate whether the total uptake is significant so that further investigation can be conducted to establish how this exposure is occurring.
Assessing the risk
If we are to prevent damage to health due to chemical exposure what we need first is to identify the chemicals present to which the worker may be exposed, the hazards that these represent and the routes and importance of any actual or potential exposure. We call this a risk assessment. Many varied and sometimes complicated definitions of what is meant by risk assessment are to be found. Perhaps the simplest and best is that provided by the EU Agency for Safety and Health at Work:
"A risk assessment is nothing more than a careful examination of what, in your work, could cause harm to people, so that you can weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm." – Taken from: "Good Practice Information Provided by EU-OSHA", September 2009.
If our risk assessment is to be valid and help us in understanding what is needed to adequately protect the health of the workforce, we need to ensure that it reflects the real workplace conditions. We need accurate information on:
The real hazard presented by the chemicals when they are actually used
The extent of the exposure
Any additional factors, such as ambient temperature and humidity
In addition, environmental conditions can significantly influence the possibility of damage to health occurring due to chemical exposure.
What is the hazard?
One could say that there is no such thing as a 'good' or 'bad' chemical. A 'bad' chemical is one in the wrong place at the wrong strength and at the wrong time. Two examples may help to illustrate this concept. Hydrofluoric acid is highly hazardous if in contact with the human body. In certain industries, however, it has specific beneficial uses. Water is not normally considered a 'bad' chemical, yet excessive skin exposure to water is one of the most common causes of occupational contact dermatitis. So both chemicals can be 'good' or 'bad' depending upon the circumstances. The same can be applied to practically every chemical known to man.
We generally purchase chemicals to use for a particular purpose. In using them we will almost always initiate some change in their properties. What this suggests is that we have to discard our traditional approach to chemicals and their hazards, such as might be indicated by the hazard statement found on the safety data sheet. Instead our concern must lie with the real hazard presented to the persons potentially exposed to the chemical when it is used. In other words, our primary concern must be with the task. To identify the hazard for our risk assessment we need to know which chemicals are present, how they are being used, how this affects their potential to cause us harm and the nature of that harm. Only when we have this information can we start to assess the risk that harm will occur as a result of their use during the particular task for which the risk assessment is being carried out.
Take, as an example, the situation where a degreasing tank filled with toluene is being used to clean and degrease items of equipment that have been returned to the factory for repair or refurbishing. Each time one of these articles is placed into the tank chemicals will be removed from the article being cleaned. This will change the actual make-up of the chemical in the tank. It may well be that we do not have information on the nature of what has been removed, so the characteristics of the contents of the tank will become increasingly uncertain as successive items of equipment are processed. So, for how long would a risk assessment for toluene remain a valid risk assessment for the task of degreasing and cleaning?
Just to emphasise this point, in the latest edition of his book on patch testing for skin allergies, de Groot lists some 4,350 chemicals, most of which will never have been listed as H317 – May cause an allergic skin reaction.
If worker exposure could occur how do we assess the hazard and risk of damage to health? It should be obvious that simply taking what is on the safety data sheet is not an acceptable basis and can all too often result in an invalid risk assessment.
A further complication arises, however, in that other factors can affect both the properties of the chemicals and the potential for these to cause damage to health. Ambient conditions, in particular, can affect both properties and effect if skin exposure occurs.
What this means is that risk assessment has to be task based. The flow chart illustrates the suggested elements of a risk assessment.
Consider what we term stainless steel. This is a combination of steel, chrome and nickel. Nickel is one of our most common skin sensitisers. It has been estimated that one person in 10 is allergic to nickel, yet almost all of these will be able to handle stainless steel without any skin reaction, as the nickel is so tightly bound into the alloy that no molecules are being released, meaning nothing enters the skin to initiate a reaction. In other words, the nickel is not bioavailable. In processing a piece of stainless steel, however, it is possible for this to start releasing nickel, in which case any contact with the nickel sensitised person could result in allergic contact dermatitis. Just to add to the complexity, a certain threshold of exposure is needed to initiate the allergic reaction. The skin exposure might not be sufficient on its own, but combined with nickel uptake from ingested food there might, at least in theory, be sufficient levels for a reaction. In such an event we may be faced with a combination of occupational exposure of the skin combined with non-occupational exposure due to ingestion.
What this article has hopefully made clear is that the 'traditional' approach to risk assessment and exposure management for skin, based on hazard statements shown on safety data sheets, is not really fit for purpose. Perhaps it is time to review how we approach the complexities of skin exposure in the working environment, so that we can start to reduce the high level of occupational ill health caused by skin exposure.
Published: 20th Jul 2015 in Health and Safety International
Chris Packham
Chris Packham is a partner at EnviroDerm Services, the consultancy concerned specifically with the prevention of damage to health due to workplace skin exposure. Chris has 36 years' experience in the development of occupational skin management systems.
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Author Archives: Jim Ellis
Two New House Opens
Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (D-Kailua) – Democrat running for president in 2020
Oct. 29, 2019 — A pair of new open seats, both from the Democratic side of aisle, emerged over the weekend.
First, in a move that had been speculated upon, Hawaii Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (D-Kailua) announced that she will not seek a fifth term in the House in order to concentrate on her presidential campaign.
Second, freshman California Rep. Katie Hill (D-Agua Dulce/Palmdale), who has been under fire and facing a potential ethics investigation for alleged sexual affairs with members of her congressional staff and campaign team will reportedly resign from Congress at the end of this week. Additionally, her estranged husband is saying she used her past influence to acquire employment contracts for him with the non-profit organization she ran before her election.
Rep. Gabbard, at this point one of the minor presidential candidates, made her mark in the debates for which she qualified to participate. Unless her poll standing improves, she will not be part of the upcoming November and December forums since the Democratic National Committee just announced new polling requirements.
The additional debate conditions mandate that candidates obtain four percent support nationally in a minimum of four designated surveys or attain six percent in two sanctioned polls from the early states, meaning those voting in February: Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and South Carolina.
Recently, local polling suggests that Congresswoman Gabbard's constituents do not look favorably upon her running for president. Just over 60 percent of the respondents said they preferred she exit the national race. Gabbard was also facing serious congressional primary competition from state Sen. Kai Kahele (D-Hilo).
Polling projected her with a definitive lead, 48-26 percent, according to a late September Public Policy Polling survey of the HI-2 constituency but falling below 50 percent is a clear indication of impending weakness. The study also reported that 38 percent of Democrats would have voted to re-elect Rep. Gabbard, but 50 percent indicated they would support someone new.
Sen. Kahele says he will continue in what is now a new open seat campaign to be decided in the Democratic primary. He had raised over $500,000 for his challenge to Rep. Gabbard and has just under $371,000 remaining in his campaign account at the Sept. 30 reporting deadline.
The Hawaii candidate filing deadline isn't until June 2 for the Aug. 8 state primary. At this point no other Democratic candidate is coming forward, but we can expect a crowded field once potential contenders have an opportunity to assess their own political options. The 2nd District contains part of Oahu and the remainder of the state's island chain.
Rep. Hill's district political situation is much different. The northern Los Angeles County seat was reliably Republican when originally drawn before the 1992 election. That was the year when former Rep. Buck McKeon (R-Palmdale) was originally elected, and he would win 10 more elections in the 25th CD. After he retired, state legislator Steve Knight (R) won the seat and held it for two terms until Hill unseated him in November.
Posted in Election Analysis, House, Presidential campaign and tagged alleged sexual affairs, Barack Obama, CA-25, California, Donald Trump, ethics investigation, Hawaii, Hillary Clinton, Kai Kahele, Mitt Romney, Public Policy Polling survey, Rep. Katie Hill, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard on October 29, 2019 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment
A Polling Dichotomy for Joe Biden
Former Vice President and 2020 Presidential Candidate, Joe Biden (D)
Oct. 28, 2019 — We covered a series of polls Friday that were projecting former Vice President Joe Biden regaining his early campaign advantage. On closer review, however, it was found that only the small sample polls with a large error factor were yielding the unusual Biden margins. The large sample surveys found a much closer split among the top three candidates: Biden and Sens. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and Bernie Sanders (I-VT).
Several new polls were just released during the latter half of the month, all conducted after Oct. 15 with large or statistically acceptable sample sizes, yet the conclusions drawn nationally and in key states were very different.
The following table compares the analyzed polls, which are national, and two each from California and Iowa. Both of the states have unique positions in the Democratic nomination process. Iowa is the first voting state, and thus a trendsetter, while California has the largest contingent of delegates, 416 on the first ballot and 495 when the Super Delegates are added to the total.
The new Quinnipiac University survey released last Thursday (Oct. 17-21; 1,587 US registered voters; 713 likely Democratic primary voters) finds Sen. Warren capturing the national lead, with Biden and Sen. Sanders following. Mayor Pete Buttigieg breaks into double digits in a country-wide poll for the first time since early June.
National Polls
Buttigieg
Q-Poll 21 28 15 10 5
Morning Consult 30 21 18 6 6
Survey USA 32 22 17 5 7
Iowa Polls
Civiqs 12 28 18 20 3
Suffolk 18 17 9 13 3
Change Research 19 28 24 9 8
This result, however, directly conflicts with both the Morning Consult track (Oct. 16-20; 11,521 likely Democratic primary voters; online US) and Survey USA's most recent national poll (Oct. 15-16; 1,071 US likely Democratic primary voters), both of which report consistent result spreads and a Biden edge.
Inconsistencies are also present in Iowa and California. The new Civiqs/Iowa State University poll (Oct. 18-22; 598 likely Iowa Democratic primary voters) returns the worst numbers for Biden of any poll either nationally or in a state.
Posted in Election Analysis, National Survey, Polling, Presidential campaign and tagged California, Change Research, Civiqs/Iowa State University poll, Ellis Insight, Iowa, Jim Ellis, Joe Biden, Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Morning Consult, Quinnipiac University, Sen. Bernie Sanders, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, Sen. Kamala Harris, Suffolk University Hawkeye State poll, Survey USA on October 28, 2019 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment
A Biden Resurgence?
Former Vice President, Joe Biden
Oct. 25, 2019 — A series of recently released national political polls finds former Vice President Joe Biden re-establishing the type of horse race leads over the Democratic field that he enjoyed before the debate process first began. Yet, how reliable are the polls?
CNN, YouGov, Emerson College, and HarrisX, all report new data and see Biden again posting significant leads, two of which are well beyond the polling margin of error.
CNN (Oct. 17-20; 424 US Democratic registered voters) gives the ex-VP a 34-19-16 percent lead over Sens. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and Bernie Sanders (I-VT). HarrisX (Oct. 21-22; 440 US registered Democratic voters) finds the Biden lead reaching 27-19-14 percent over Warren and Sanders. Emerson College (Oct. 18-21; 430 US Democratic likely voters) sees a similarly close cut among the top three candidates, but they find Sen. Sanders slipping past Warren into second place. The Emerson split shows Biden up 27-25-21 percent over Sanders and Warren, respectively.
Looking more closely at the polling methodology for each, we find that all three of these surveys have very low sample sizes, which means the error factor is high. The respective respondent universes are only between 424 and 440 people from which to derive a national trend. These numbers are more typically found in a congressional district or small state survey.
The YouGov poll (Oct. 20-22; 628 US Democratic likely voters) used a larger national sample and found a much tighter standing among the candidates, but with the prevalent Biden-Warren-Sanders order intact through a 24-21-15 percent result. In all of the aforementioned surveys, no other candidate reaches double-digit support.
Posted in Election Analysis, National Survey, Polling, Presidential campaign and tagged CNN, Democratic National Convention, Emerson College, HarrisX, Joe Biden, Morning Consult, President Trump, Sen. Bernie Sanders, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, Survey USA, Ukraine controversy, YouGov on October 25, 2019 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment
New Data in Mississippi Gov. Race
Mississippi Lt. Gov. Tate Reeves (R)
Oct. 24, 2019 — One of the more intriguing current elections is the Mississippi governor's campaign. Here, GOP Lt. Gov. Tate Reeves is attempting to continue the Magnolia State Republican advantage, since the only Democrat to clinch the top elected job since the 1991 election is Ronnie Musgrove in 1999. Prior to Kirk Fordice winning in '91, Democrats had held the governorship for 116 consecutive years.
Reeves arguably faces the strongest Mississippi Democratic opponent in this century's state politics. Attorney General Jim Hood (D) has won four consecutive statewide elections to his current position, making him the most successful Democratic politician in the Deep South.
A just released Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy survey (Oct. 17-19; 625 registered Mississippi voters) finds the electorate breaking closely between the two contenders, as Reeves leads AG Hood, 46-43 percent according to the ballot test responses.
But the Mississippi election, going to the voters on Nov. 5, has an interesting caveat. Winning a statewide majority is not enough to be elected governor. In addition to reaching the 50 percent plateau for the statewide vote, a candidate also must carry a majority of the state's 122 (meaning 62) state House of Representatives' districts.
If neither candidate wins both a majority of votes and districts, then the state House members will cast their own votes to choose the next governor. With Republicans holding a 74-44 state House majority with 2 Independents and two vacancies, the chances of the GOP nominee carrying the majority of districts are high, and the Republican winning a vote among House members is a virtual certainty.
According to Mason-Dixon, the two candidates' favorability indexes are similar. Reeves records a 41:26 percent positive to negative ratio, while Hood posts a 39:29 percent favorable score.
Most of the segments break as one would expect: Democrats going for Hood, 87-2 percent; Republicans favoring Reeves, 82-8 percent. Men favor Reeves, 50-38 percent, while women choose Hood in a 47-43 percent cut. The under 50 years of age segment leans to Hood 46-41 percent, while the over 50 group chooses Reeves, 51-39 percent. Whites support Reeves, 66-24 percent, and blacks back Democrat Hood in their typical division, 80-7 percent.
Posted in Election Analysis, Governor, Polling and tagged Attorney General Jim Hood, favorability, Independents, Lt. Gov. Tate Reeves, Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy, Mississippi, President Trump on October 24, 2019 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment
Florida Rep. Rooney to Retire
Florida Rep. Francis Rooney (R-Naples)
Oct. 23, 2019 — Two-term Florida Rep. Francis Rooney (R-Naples) announced over the weekend that he would not seek election to a third term next year, thus FL-19 becomes the 27th open House seat for the current cycle.
Three of the open seats are vacant, meaning they will each go to special election to fill the balance of their respective terms. The trio of districts are: MD-7 (the late Elijah Cummings-D), NY-27 (Chris Collins-R), and WI-7 (Sean Duffy-R). The Wisconsin election calendar has been set for a Feb. 18 special primary and May 12 general. Maryland election law dictates that Gov. Larry Hogan (R) announce the 7th District special election calendar on or before Oct. 28. No calendar announcement has yet been made for the New York situation.
Rooney, despite serving in Congress for only a brief while, had been on the unofficial retirement watch list because he had raised only $6,600 cycle-to-date for his next campaign and is at odds with his party on several issues. The congressman is independently wealthy, so the low total was not solely an indication of his intention since he has the wherewithal to self-fund his campaigns. Rep. Rooney had been a Republican critic of President Trump, took the no corporate PAC contribution pledge, and indicated he may support the impeachment inquiry.
Florida's 19th District is a safely Republican southwest Florida seat. President Trump carried the district, 60-37 percent, while Mitt Romney won here with a similar 60-39 percent margin. In his two elections, Rep. Rooney racked up victory percentages of 62 (2018) and 66 percent (2016).
In a similar configuration over four previous terms, then-Rep. Connie Mack IV (R) averaged 65 percent of the vote. And, after Mack left the House to run for the Senate, Republican Trey Radel, who a year later would be convicted for cocaine possession and forced to resign, scored a 62 percent victory in 2012. GOP businessman Curt Clawson followed with win margins of 67-29 percent in the 2014 special election, and then 65-33 percent in the regular election cycle before choosing not to seek re-election in 2016.
Therefore, it is probable that the next Republican primary winner will summarily be elected to the House in November, 2020. The 19th District contains two-thirds of Lee County along with approximately half of Collier County. Its main population centers are the Cape Coral, Ft. Myers, Naples, and Marco Island localities.
Posted in Election Analysis, House and tagged Connie Mack IV, Curt Clawson, FL-19, Florida, Gov. Larry Hogan, impeachment inquiry, Maryland, MD-7, Mitt Romney, New York, no corporate PAC, NY-27, President Trump, Rep. Chris Collins, Rep. Elijah Cummings, Rep. Francis Rooney, Rep. Sean Duffy, Trey Radel, WI-7 on October 23, 2019 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment
Is Buttigieg a One-State Wonder?
South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg
Oct. 23, 2019 — The new Suffolk University/USA Today poll of Iowa voters (Oct. 16-18; 500 likely Iowa Democratic caucus attenders) was conducted immediately after the most recent Democratic presidential debate and confirms that South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg registered a strong performance.
According to the Suffolk results, former Vice President Joe Biden posts only 18 percent support, a drop of six points from their July Iowa poll, while Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) is in a virtual tie with him at 17 percent. She gained four percentage points since mid-summer. Mayor Buttigieg now moves into a close third place with 13 percent, more than doubling his support from the July poll when he registered only six percent preference. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) remains constant with nine percent and holds fourth position.
The remainder of the field includes four candidates tied with three percent support: billionaire Tom Steyer who made his first debate appearance in the October forum, Sen. Kamala Harris (D-CA) who dropped a whopping 13 percentage points from the July Suffolk U. survey, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI), and Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar who, like Mayor Buttigieg, needs to take advantage of her Midwestern roots and reap a solid support percentage from the Iowa Democratic electorate. So far, however, she has failed to generate significant support.
While Mayor Buttigieg has appreciably increased his Iowa standing, it remains to be seen if this poll is reflective of a short-term bounce from a strong debate performance or whether seeds are being sown for a legitimate push into the top tier. And, even if he proves himself in Iowa, will that momentum carry over into other states? At this point, the available data suggests that Buttigieg could be a one-state wonder.
Posted in Election Analysis, Polling, Presidential campaign and tagged Iowa Democratic Caucus, Joe Biden, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, Sen. Amy Klobuchar, Sen. Bernie Sanders, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, Sen. Kamala Harris, South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Suffolk University/USA Today, Tom Steyer on October 23, 2019 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment
Some Surprises Top the List
Of Third-Quarter Dollars Raised
Kentucky challenger Amy McGrath (D) is the surprise top Senate fundraiser for Q3.
Oct. 22, 2019 — The campaign financial disclosure reports are now published and, as usual, the Daily Kos Elections site has compiled a cumulative activity summary. The list of top fundraisers includes some familiar names, but also features a few newcomers.
The top Senate fundraiser is a surprise, as Kentucky challenger Amy McGrath (D) attracted more than $10.7 million in the quarter, over $7 million of which came in small-dollar unitemized contributions. She is opposing Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R), which explains why she has attracted such a large amount of national activist money.
As they have for the entire cycle, Arizona candidates Mark Kelly (D) and appointed Sen. Martha McSally (R) again posted impressive combined quarter fundraising figures.
Kelly, a retired astronaut and husband of former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-Tucson), raised over $5 million more for the quarter taking his election cycle total to almost $14 million. Sen. McSally is close behind. She pulled in just over $3 million for the quarter and has accumulated approximately $8.3 million since the campaign began. These numbers are more in line with a big state Senate race, making them extraordinary for an Arizona political contest, a state that has only nine congressional districts.
The Senate candidates breaking the $3 million barrier for the quarter are Sens. Lindsey Graham (R-SC; $3.24 million in the 3rd Quarter, $12.9 million for the election cycle), Maine challenger Sara Gideon (D; $3.18 million; $4.2 million), John Cornyn (R-TX; $3.11 million, $13.5 million), and Michigan challenger John James (R; $3.1 million, $4.7 million).
Those banking over $2 million for the past 12 weeks are, Sens. Gary Peters (D-MI; $2.48 million for the 3rd Quarter, $9.2 million for the election cycle), Cory Gardner (R-CO; $2.42 million, $9.1 million), Mitch McConnell (R-KY; $2.24 million, $13.4 million), Jeanne Shaheen (R-NH; $2.23 million, $7.3 million), South Carolina challenger Jamie Harrison ($2.21 million, $4.0 million), Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME) and Colorado challenger John Hickenlooper (D) both with $2.12 million, and Alabama Sen. Doug Jones (D; $2.01 million, $5.7 million). Sen. Collins has raised $8.6 million for the election cycle and Hickenlooper, $2.1 million for a Senate campaign that began in September.
Posted in Election Analysis, Financials, House and tagged Amy McGrath, Arizona, California Republican Congressman Devin Nune, Daily Kos Elections, Ellis Insight, Gabrielle Giffords, Jim Ellis, John James, Kentucky, Maine, Mark Kelly, Michigan, Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Rep. Dan Crenshaw, Rep. Ilhan Omar, Sen. John Cornyn, Sen. Lindsey Graham, Sen. Martha McSally, Sen. Sara Gideon, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, South Carolina on October 22, 2019 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home » Commentary » Hostility and Abuse of Power Is Nothing New
Hostility and Abuse of Power Is Nothing New
Written by Dr. Troy L. Kickler
American dislike of taxes is nothing new. As early as 1665, North Carolinians despised taxes — even if deemed necessary — and they especially loathed abuse of power and mismanagement of revenue. In particular, North Carolinians' irritation with the quitrent, basically a land tax, intensified during the early 1700s, when the new provincial governmenAt tried collecting back taxes and the Assembly and royal officials debated the proper role of the government and its use of the quitrent.
During the early 1700s, the quitrent system and the sale of land in the Proprietary caused disagreements among Lords Proprietors of North Carolina, their governors, the Assembly, and denizens. The Lords Proprietors demanded quitrents paid in sterling, but many Tar Heels could pay only with marketable commodities. Before 1715, agents seized land for nonpayment of taxes. But in 1715 the Albemarle Assembly forbade agents from assessing seized property and allowed commodities as payment. Quitrents were no longer profitable for the Proprietary, for the tax went strictly to paying officials' salaries. During the 1720s, the Proprietors lost more control over their colony, and almost 10,000 pounds of quitrents were in arrears. Except for Lord Carteret, the frustrated Proprietors happily sold their claims to the Crown in 1729.
North Carolina colonists' frustration with the quitrent increased during the administration of the first royal governor, George Burrington, an enemy of the Proprietors and ironically a former friend of liberty. After the Proprietors sold their land in 1729 and until Burrington arrived from England to take office in early 1731, North Carolinians lived basically without a government. Once in office, Burrington's chief concern was the government's existence and the collection of taxes. If the royal government canceled North Carolinians' back taxes under the Proprietorship, Burrington declared (the Crown had paid the Lord Proprietors 5,000 pounds for unpaid quitrents), then the Albemarle Assembly must provide a list of all registered land holders — a tactic to obtain a list of taxpayers — and require quitrents from thereafter to be paid in coin.
The chief concern of the 1731 Albemarle Assembly, however, was defending liberty. The body told the governor that claiming such a small amount of back quitrents was a petty endeavor and that payment of current quitrents would be done as it had been since 1715. But perhaps more importantly, the legislative body reminded the new governor that only it possessed the authority to set fees. Burrington replied, however, that the king's current instructions trumped traditional practices. The Assembly responded by invoking their English rights as expressed in the Carolina charter of 1663. Until the end of Burrington's term in 1734, the Assembly and the governor never reached an agreement.
More political skill was displayed during Gov. Gabriel Johnston's administration (1734-52). After obtaining a tax list from the Assembly and securing the executive's right to set land values, Johnston allowed colonists to pay quitrents in sterling, provincial paper money, or in commodities.
Even so, land and quitrent disputes marked his administration. When Johnston and his officials worked feverishly to collect taxes and determine land ownership, land disputes abounded, and colonists refused to pay quitrents for disputed land. Johnston threatened to increase taxes and expedite their recovery. After hearing reports that government officials started seizing land, the Assembly ordered the arrest of Johnston's agents. So Johnston closed the Assembly — the people's voice. The Crown, however, in 1741 eventually decided in favor of the landowners, who Johnston had argued illegally owned land.
Nowadays defenders of liberty and critics of government intervention in North Carolina are often labeled unfairly as unthinking reactionaries, and at times even un-American (America has to be achieved, you know). But our history has many stories such as the Albemarle Assembly that prove disliking taxes and questioning government power and management of revenue is an American and North Carolinian birthright.


Charmillion Hotels & Resorts manage a unique collection of 5* & 4* stars All-inclusive resorts in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.
Charmillion Club Resort, Charmillion Sea Life Resort, Charmillion Gardens Aqua Park and Charmillion Club Aqua Park, All located in the protected area of Nabq Bay, one of the most spectacular landscapes in Egypt.
Founded in 2010 as Sea Group Hotels & Resorts and expanded over the decade, providing high-quality services & hospitality experience.


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V/A - Studio One Disco Mix
Album: Studio One Disco Mix
Review date: Jan. 20, 2005
Here's a puzzler. Why select an organizing theme for a compilation album and then violate it? It's kind of like cheating at solitaire. Studio One Disco Mix is ostensibly devoted to the extended mix 12" singles known as discomixes that came into vogue in Jamaica during the '70s. Generally these records consisted of a single spliced together with its "version," which could be a vocal-free backing track or a full-fledged dub, and could run upwards of 10 minutes. But over a third of this set comprises stand-alone songs that clock in at three minutes or less. No matter how good they are, they don't fit the concept.
But note that the title sunders the words disco and mix. Perhaps the compiler wanted to put the spotlight on the reggae-fied dance grooves that course through the set? If so, he still lost the map. For every disco bona fide, like Norma White's cover of Chic's "I Want Your Love," there's a rootsy excursion like Jackie Mittoo's "Night in Ethiopia," which is an undeniably soulful meditation upon the "Satta Massagana" riff. Maybe it's best to banish hobgoblins of consistency and appreciate Studio One Disco Mix for what it is – one more immensely enjoyable cherry pick of the Studio One back catalog.
Soul Jazz certainly knows how to do that right, and they don't disappoint here. It has diversity, from Lloyd and Devon's dance floor vehicle "Push Push" to Winston Francis, Jackie Mittoo, and Brentford Rockers' cultural plea "Going to Zion" to Willie Williams' rebel anthem "Armagideon Time" (yup, the same one the Clash covered). It has the Ethiopian's "Muddy Water" if you want your heart uplifted after a long, hard slog and Sugar Minott's "Love and Understanding" if you need to dampen some drawers. It has boingy syndrums liberally ladled over everything. And the topper is the inclusion of Alton Ellis's tilt at the usually irredeemable Blood Sweat and Tears windmill – he actually renders "You Make Me Happy" listenable by replacing the original's blustery horns and staccato cadences with a cool loping groove and dreamy harmonies. It conjures mental images of the man elbowing Don Quixote aside and saying "Don't worry, I and I got this one nailed." And any record that can do that is well worth hearing!
By Bill Meyer
View all articles by Bill Meyer


CRI Names Joseph Agyei as Chief Financial Officer - Central Research, Inc.
Lowell, AR. – Central Research, Inc. is pleased to announce the appointment of Joseph Agyei as Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Mr. Agyei assumed responsibilities on July 26, 2018.
Joseph joins CRI with 20 plus years of professional accounting and finance experience. Joseph most recently was the CFO for a large privately-owned government contractor and prior to that held the position of Corporate Controller for a large government contractor. Joseph has extensive experience in all accounting and financial processes including financial reporting, budgeting, contract accounting, cash flow, and tax compliance. Joseph's background also includes bid and proposal preparation. Joseph has a strong understanding of CAS, GAAP, and FAR. Joseph is thoroughly familiar and comfortable with Deltek and Costpoint accounting systems.
Joseph has an MBA from the University of Mary Washington and a BSc (accounting) from George Mason University. He is a Certified Public Accountant and Chartered Global Management Accountant. Joseph is also a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Association of International Certified Professional Accountants, and Virginia Society of Certified Accountants.
Joseph will oversee all financial functions and processes for optimum efficiencies' and compliance. He will work with CRI leadership on financial strategies that align with the global goals of the corporation.
Joseph's knowledge and leadership skills will be an asset to CRI as it continues to grow and expand.


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Castle Crashers Animal Orb Guide
FeaturesXBLA's Most Wanted
XBLA's Most Wanted: Grim Fandango
By Steve Melton	• 8 years ago
Long before Tim Schafer was the head of Trenched developer Double Fine he was a game designer at LucasArts. He started out as a tester in 1989 on Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: The Action Game and worked his way up, taking the reigns of Designer on Full Throttle in 1995. Three years later Schafer designed one last game for LucasArts, Grim Fandango before moving on to found Double Fine.
Grim Fandango marked the beginning of the end of the adventure game era at LucasArts. While the game received critical acclaim sales were lower than expected. It follows Manny, and travel agent at the Department of the Dead who helps those passing into the afterlife find their way to the Ninth Underworld, a place of rest. Sounds morbid, but this title was imaginative, funny, and most importantly it had solid gameplay.
What should change:
Spit'n polish – The great thing about Grim Fandango is that it has a timeless art style. The film noir, Day of the Dead setting keeps it from looking dated. Still, if the game were to receive a re-render of the original backgrounds in HD and the characters had a higher polygon count it would bring shine and polish to a old jewel. To put things into perspective the lead character Manny has roughly 250 polygons. By comparison Marcus Fenix had 15,000 polygons in the first Gears of War. We're not asking for that kind of count, but something in the range of 1-3,000 polys would clean up those rough edges. Other LucasArts games on Xbox Live Arcade feature the ability to jump from new to old-style graphics; that's not what we're talking about here. This is solely a shine on the original graphics, not a reimagining.
Making of – Grim Fandango is one of those rare games that makes you want to know more about its inner workings. What sort of engine did it use? What was the inspiration for the story? What got cut from the final version? Now there's a 2GB limit on XBLA, but there should still be plenty of room to add concept art and perhaps a featurette.
What should stay the same:
Compelling story – The game spans four acts, each taking place on November 2 of four consecutive years. It's not the easiest to explain unless you've played the game, but suffice it to say it's complex. But even in the complexity players can simply jump in and enjoy the smaller points of the plot, the colorful characters, etc. The player is just sort of thrown into the story, but they're educated as it unfolds. Normally that's frowned upon, but for some reason it works well here.
Quirky art style – Everything about Grim Fandango oozes style. From the calaca-style skeletal characters to the film noir setting of the Land of the Dead it's all downright gorgeous. There was brilliance in the backgrounds and the calaca characters work well in the now low-polygon environments. You just gotta love all the 1930's nightclub settings.
Spanglish – Throughout the game the main character speaks English but with a latin accent. Occasionally Spanish words are mixed in for authenticity, humor–well, we're not sure why, but it's funny. Other characters range from a stereotypical 1930's Brooklyn accent to the crazed, throaty voice of Glottis, Manny's sidekick. The music also has a toe tapping quality to it that sticks with you after the game is turned off.
Why it would succeed:
Similar critically acclaimed titles from yesteryear have found their way to Xbox Live Arcade and have seen success. Two of LucasArts' own Monkey Island games have done fairly well, and Ubisoft's Beyond Good & Evil HD has reached nearly 100,000 units in four months on Xbox Live Arcade alone. Clearly people clamor for the critically acclaimed classics from yesterday. Grim Fandango was one of the greats, and it fits right in with so many other great games on Xbox Live Arcade. LucasArts, if you're listening, our money is waiting.
XBLA's Most Wanted LucasArts Grim Fandango
Steve Melton
Steve is an Indiana native with a degree in Computer Information Technology and a background in technical writing. He has also written for the newspapers and other periodicals at the schools he attended. A gamer for over 20 years, Steve finds that Xbox Live Arcade is the perfect fit for most of his gaming needs; classic gameplay at a bargain price.
XBLA's Most Wanted: Battletoads
FeaturesFeature ListXBLA's Most Wanted
XBLA's Most Wanted: Trials Evolution Nitro Pack
Rift Keeper Review: Rifting It Up
The Bradwell Conspiracy Review: Creative Corruption
Simulacra Review: Social Engineering Masterpiece
Weakless Review: Overcoming Weakness
Headliner NoviNews Review: Extra, Extra, Read All About It


I had a striking encounter with a Navigator once. He was brilliant. This boy was very much a card-carrying member of Navigators. I remember being extremely envious of his gigantic memory of all sorts of Bible passages.


Christy was born in Los Angeles, California where she resided for 11 years in the San Fernando Valley until she moved to Hickory, North Carolina with her mom and step-father. After she graduated from Western Carolina University, she moved back to Los Angeles to start her Real Estate career and be near her west coast family. Despite finding out about her neurological voice disorder, Christy achieved a very successful career in Los Angeles working for a real estate Escrow company (what the attorneys and paralegals do here in NC for a real estate closing). Two years later she was recruited into sales for a top real estate title company, named Gateway Title. In 1996, Christy moved back to North Carolina and continued in the title business until 2007, when she joined Keller Williams.
Awarded the Strategic Pricing Specialist Designation.
Christy has achieved a total Career Sold Volume over $345.6 million in agent production as of 2017. Her amazing Team is made up of 2 Buyer's Agents, a Listing Manager, Closing Coordinator and a Marketing Manager.


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Original Articles| June 01 1994
Chromosome 4q Locus Associated With Insulin Resistance in Pima Indians: Studies in Three European NIDDM Populations
Phillippa Humphreys;
Phillippa Humphreys
Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge
Cambridge, U.K.
Mark McCarthy;
Mark McCarthy
The Medical Unit, The Royal London Hospital
Whitechapel, London, U.K.
Jaakko Tuomilehto;
Jaakko Tuomilehto
The National Public Health Institute
Eva Tuomilehto-Wolf;
Eva Tuomilehto-Wolf
Irene Stratton;
Irene Stratton
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Diabetes Research Laboratories, Radcliffe Infirmary, University of Oxford
Oxford, U.K.
Ruth Morgan;
Department of Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine
Cardiff, Wales, U.K.
Alan Rees;
Alan Rees
David Owens;
David Owens
Jari Stengård;
Jari Stengård
Aulikki Nissinen;
Aulikki Nissinen
Department of Community Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio
Graham Hitman;
Graham Hitman
Robert C Turner;
Robert C Turner
Stephen O'Rahilly
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Stephen O'Rahilly, Wellcome Senior Fellow in Clinical Science, University of Cambridge, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QR, U.K.
Diabetes 1994;43(6):800–804
https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.6.800
Phillippa Humphreys, Mark McCarthy, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Eva Tuomilehto-Wolf, Irene Stratton, Ruth Morgan, Alan Rees, David Owens, Jari Stengård, Aulikki Nissinen, Graham Hitman, Robert C Turner, Stephen O'Rahilly; Chromosome 4q Locus Associated With Insulin Resistance in Pima Indians: Studies in Three European NIDDM Populations. Diabetes 1 June 1994; 43 (6): 800–804. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.43.6.800
Markers on chromosome 4q have recently been shown to be associated with insulin resistance in Pima Indians, a population in which insulin resistance precedes and predicts the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To examine whether genes in this region could play a major role in susceptibility to NIDDM in other populations, we have examined the allele frequencies of a trinucleotide repeat near the fatty acid–binding protein 2 (FABP2) gene on 4q28–31 in three European populations: Finnish, U.K. Caucasian, and Welsh. The U.K. NIDDM population was selected for insulin resistance by studying patients whose obesity-corrected fasting plasma insulin before treatment was above the 98th percentile. Seven alleles were detected. On cross-tabulation analysis, there were no significant associations between allele frequencies and glucose intolerance in any of the populations. Log-linear analysis of the results from all three populations suggested a moderately significant interaction of glucose tolerance status (normal versus diabetic) and the FABP2 allele (partial x2 = 24, df 6, P = 0.027). The parameter describing the interaction of allele A3 and glucose tolerance status was the only such parameter differing significantly from zero (z-score +2.003, P = 0.046). In both the Finnish and U.K. population, the A3 allele was found ∼ twice as frequently in NIDDM than in control subjects (Finnish control subjects, impaired glucose tolerance, and NIDDM: 12.2, 22.4, and 26.6%, respectively; U.K. control subjects and NIDDM: 7.8 and 14.6%, respectively). In the Finnish populations, no associations were found between FABP2 alleles and plasma insulin levels or with homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) estimates of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Specific comparison of those subjects with and without the A3 allele revealed no difference in fasting (47.4 [36–61.8] vs. 47.4 [39–57] pM, geometric means and 95% confidence interval, NS) and 2-h (288 [222.6–373.2] vs. 297 [252.6–349.2] pM, NS) insulin or in insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA (47.6 [32.3–70.3] vs. 50.5 [39.8–64.2]%, NS). Similarly, in the U.K. NIDDM population, no differences in clinical or metabolic characteristics were found between those with and those without the A3 allele. In summary, in three European Caucasian populations, there is no evidence for a major genetic influence of the FABP2 locus on the development of diabetes. The weak association of the A3 allele with diabetes does not appear to be because of an effect of this allele on insulin resistance.
Copyright © 1994 by the American Diabetes Association


Detoxing and real food have helped me to recover my health. So, I am very choosy about what kind of kitchen products I buy. I want them to be non toxic, highly functional, and of great quality. I want to have a kitchen that helps me to be vibrantly healthy! I have done a lot of research over the years on the best items for a real food cook.
Every real food kitchen needs a good knife. And if you are doing the Paleo diet or other healing diets you really need a good knife. Having the right knife will save you loads of time. I have a Victorinox Chef's Knife , and a J.A. HENCKELS INTERNATIONAL Paring Knife in my kitchen. Those are two of the best sized knives to have. I picked these because they are great knives that are reasonably priced. Other knives of similar quality are much more expensive!
Another item that is a must have for cooks is a good peeler. Again, having a good peeler will save you a lot of time. I have 3 peelers in my kitchen, but my OXO Good Grips Swivel Peeler works the best!
Another must have item in a real food kitchen is a toaster oven. I have this one and we use it constantly. We reheat our leftovers in it and they taste a whole lot better than microwaved food!
Here is one item that I don't have yet-an All Clad stainless steel pan. I am still using my old stainless steel pans, but the company that made my pans went out of business. So, I would like to have this pan when mine wear out. This is the least expensive frying pan I have found that doesn't have toxic metal problems. And, since I believe heavy metals played a part in my illness, I am careful about my cookware.
Real Food Cookbooks are so wonderful for learning new recipes and techniques! I highly recommend Katie Kimball's cookbooks. Katie is a very good teacher. Her style is very down to earth, and I love her kid friendly American type recipes. She takes recognizable food like granola bars and makes them "real food style" with many of Weston A Price's nutritional principles integrated.
I own many of Katie's cookbooks, but I will try to pick out my favorite two. 🙂 I really love Better Than a Box. It is more than a cookbook-it is like getting a real food ecourse in a book! What is really awesome about this book is that it teaches how to take any recipe that you like and turn it into a real food recipe!
I often prefer ebooks to print books. It is easier to search for what you are looking for and they often have links to ingredients and other interesting things. And, if I want to google something while I am cooking, then I already have my computer available.
Click here to download and print the tag.
If you would prefer a print book, Better Than a Box is available here.
Katie has also written a book on kid friendly snacks called Healthy Snacks to Go. It is full of recipes for healthy snack bars, muffins, crackers and other portable food. I have made her Grain Free Coconut Muffins quite a few times without changing the recipe-that means they were really good and I couldn't think of a way to improve it health wise!
Katie has real food snacks down to a science. These are nourishing, yummy and kids like them-which is no small feat! Katie also lists the allergy information so she has you covered if you need grain free, gluten free, dairy free etc.
If you would like to give the ebook as a gift, you could download it to a flashdrive, and wrap the flashdrive. Here is a tag that you can print if you would like to wrap it with the flashdrive.
If you would prefer to give a print book, Healthy Snacks to Go is available here.
I found the vintage cake image at http://www.rookno17.com/.


Citizens Advice Cheshire West is a member of the national Citizens Advice Network.
Citizens Advice has been operating in Cheshire West since 1939 with the first offices opening in Northwich and Chester a week after war was declared. The type of advice we have provided to residents has varied over time. In 1957, the Rent Act resulted in a big increase in enquiries. In the 1970s, consumer protection became a priority. In the 1990s, changes to the benefit system and changes to work practices generated work enquiries.
To this day we continue to provide information, advice and support to help local people overcome their problems and are able to support on a wide range of issues. However, our main advice areas are benefits, debt, housing, relationships and employment.
We are a registered charity and the service we provide is free, impartial and confidential. We are a local organisation, helping people who live in the Cheshire West and Chester area.
Since 1939 we have been a volunteer led organisation, with volunteers giving their time to provide advice and information to members of their community. How we provide that advice has changed over the years. Initially, advice was only provided face to face. With changes in technology we are now able to provide advice through phone, email and webchat as well as face to face.


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The many hauntings of Dame Alice Lisle
Alice Lisle, who was executed for her role in the English Civil War, haunts several properties in Hampshire, PETER LEWIS reports
Dame Alice Lislle – sometimes spelt Alice Lyle – has an unsettled spirit that that has been recorded across Hampshire.
Dame Alice Lisle, of Moyles Court, Ringwood, was a lady at the heart of not one civil war but two.
During the rising against King Charles I her family aligned with the puritans and her husband even sat on the jury that condemned the king to death.
But it was the second rebellion by the Duke of Monmouth against Charles II that led to her demise.
Following the failed rebellion, Lady Alice unwittingly harboured fugitives from the crown, although she believed their only crime was illegally preaching, the royalists searched Moyles Court and found them and arrested her on the spot.
She was tried and summarily executed despite her son fighting for the royalists at Sedgemoor. Yet this was not enough to save her from a terrible fate.
The first of the reported hauntings is reputed to take place at her home, Moyles Court.
The grand Elizabethan mansion is now home to a boarding school and it is said that her spirit wonders the hallways of the house. Her dress is of silk and she sweeps through the halls.
It has also been reported that she wonders the courtyard, embarking onto a spectral driverless carriage that is pulled by headless horses.
Although recently reports of sightings have dwindled, the sounds of a carriage is often heard on the gravel drive.
The Eclipse Inn near Winchester Cathedral has reports of sightings of Dame Alice
On her final, fateful journey to her trial in Winchester she was allowed to stop and visit her son who resided at Dibden Manor, located 15 miles east of Ringwood along the banks of Southampton Water,
Dibden Manor no longer stands, but where the house once stood it has been reported that a grey lady, her head covered in a cowl is seen, waiting.
The final place of haunting is also Lady Alice's final abode.
The Eclipse Inn near Winchester Cathedral has reports of sightings of Dame Alice in the chambers she once occupied.
Dame Alice was taken from the Eclipse Inn, across the road to the block where her head was removed by axe.
This was a merciful end to the 68 year old whom, calmly and peacefully sat through her trial, not being allowed a defence, and not being allowed to speak by the infamous Judge Jefferies.
Alice Lisle was the first martyr of the 'Bloody Assizes'.
Her execution merciful compared to what was originally decreed.
She was due to be drawn over a hurdle and then burned at the stake.
Although King Charles II refused to bow down to those who would have him show mercy he did allow an execution worthy of the ladies status.
Both historically and spiritually the story of the lady's demise is one that is remembered and lamented.
It was indeed a dark time in the history of England and leaves a legacy that captures the imagination.
Three separate locations, one unquiet spirit. It provides a fascinating trail across Hampshire that ends at her grave in the quiet, sleepy church at Ellingham.
PETER LEWIS is a historian and author living on the edge of the New Forest. As well as doing the day job, Peter writes a regular book review column as well as entering as many story competitions as he can, all the while attempting to obtain representation for his novels. Peter studied at the University of Southampton and specialised in representations of Angels and Demons within ancient Jewish texts. It was researching his dissertation that Peter got a fascination with the paranormal and began his quest to unravel the truth from fiction within historic sources.
You can find more about Peter by following him on Twitter @peter_j_lewis or viewing his blog at peterlewiswriter.wordpress.com
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The Christmas Ghost of Roos Hall, Suffolk
Portsmouth's 5 Haunted Places to Visit
Mark Vincent 3 February 2018 At 8:11 pm
I believe The Monmouth rebellion was against James II rather than Charles
AGS 12 August 2019 At 10:31 pm
I think it was James II who was on the throne wasn't it? Charles II being dead and the Duke of Monmouth being his illegitimate son who was trying to take the throne from James.
Dog Soldiers (2002) REVIEW
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ANDREW GARVEY calls Dog Soldiers the best werewolf film since An American Werewolf in London (1981)
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Hammer Horror star John Carson dies aged 89
Diaries tell of Sir Alec Guinness' ghost experience
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1%ers' think tank refuses Friedrichs petitions
WASHINGTON, D.C. (Jan. 7, 2016) — Representatives of America Works Together, a coalition that includes teachers, nurses, firefighters and other public service workers and their allies, attempted on Wednesday to deliver more than 100,000 signed petitions to a Washington, D.C. think tank funded by right-wing billionaires, urging them to stop their attacks on the working people.
The petitions were refused by the "Center for Individual Rights," which The American Prospect reports is funded by the Koch brothers, other right-wing 1%-ers, and even white supremacists. It is the group behind the Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association case, part of an ideological campaign to make it harder for public sector workers to come together, speak up and get ahead. The U.S. Supreme Court will begin hearing arguments in the Friedrichs case on Monday, Jan. 11 and a decision is expected before the term ends in June.
Since its founding as a right-wing think tank in 1989, the Center for Individual Rights has pursued an anti-civil rights agenda that has included challenging the 1965 Voting Rights Act that was the product of the battle for voting rights in Selma and attacking affirmative action laws. Now, with the financial backing of the Kochs and other corporate CEOs, they are challenging the rights of employees to negotiate with employers.
America Works Together will continue to collect signatures on the petition — sign it here! — and continue to press the Center for Individual Rights and the right-wing billionaires who fund it to abandon their attacks on working people. Learn more at the America Works Together website.
Rebecca Friedrichs and nine other California schoolteachers, all of whom have opted out of union membership, sued the California Teachers Association to relieve themselves of having to pay their fair share, via agency fees, for the services the union is required by law to provide to them, including contract negotiation and adjudication of grievances.
The top attorneys for 22 states and the District of Columbia, including Washington State Attorney General Bob Ferguson, have filed a "friend-of-the-court" amicus brief in Friedrichs v. the California Teachers Association supporting unions and opposing new limits on working people's ability to negotiate better wages, benefits and working conditions.
In addition, three prominent Republican state senators, including the No. 2 presiding officer in the Senate and the former chair of the Washington State Republican Party, have joined with GOP colleagues from across the country and sided with public workers in the case, saying it violates conservative principles separating federal and state responsibilities for good government and labor relations. Signing an amicus brief siding with public employees were Sens. Pam Roach, Don Benton and Mark Miloscia.
Posted by David Groves on Jan 7 2016. Filed under NATIONAL. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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Q: How to center the floating element? I am trying to center my menu which contains the ul menu.
The menu is float to the left and I can't seem to center the menu to the middle of the screen.
HTML

item1

item2

item3

item4

item5

CSS
nav ul{
    display: inline-block;
    background-color: red;
}
nav ul li{
    list-style: none;
    font:bold .6em arial;
    float: left;
    margin: .3em;
    padding: 1.3em;
    background-color: #A8A8A8;
}

//the and margin text align doesn't seem to work...
section {
   text-align:center;
   margin:0 auto;
}

Can anyone help me about it? Thanks a lot!

A: As pointed out by xec, the problem seems to be with the invalid comment syntax. The correct syntax for comments in CSS is /*Comment Here */. When the comment syntax is corrected, your code does center the menu.
/*the and margin text align doesn't seem to work...*/
section {
   text-align:center;
   margin:0 auto;
 }

Demo

A: You're not styling the nav. The nav inside the section is a block, and therefore it will be the full width of its container, whether you give the container margin:0 auto or not.
Solution: give the nav the same style as the section. Or, remove the section altogether, since it is not necessary here.

A: If you don't particularly care about IE 7 and under (which have only partial support for inline-block - see http://caniuse.com/inline-block), this works, and has the advantage of making the links easier to hit: http://jsfiddle.net/V97tR/1/
nav
{
    text-align:center;
}

nav ul{
    display: block;
    background-color: red;
}
nav ul li{
    display:inline-block;
    list-style: none;
    font:bold .6em arial;
    margin: .3em;
    background-color: #A8A8A8;
}

nav ul li a
{
    display:block;
    padding: 1.3em;
}

A: You can use flex-box:
section {
   text-align:center;
   margin:0 auto;
   display: flex;
 }

Here's a fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/2c8LB/

A: Try this:
JSFiddle
#wrapper {
    float:left;
    width:100%;
    background:#fff;
    overflow:hidden;
    position:relative;
}
nav ul {
    clear:left;
    float:left;
    list-style:none;
    margin:0;
    padding:0;
    position:relative;
    left:50%;
    text-align:center;
}
nav ul li {
    list-style: none;
    font:bold .6em arial;
    float: left;
    background-color: red;
    display:block;
    list-style:none;
    margin:0;
    padding:5px;
    position:relative;
    right:50%;
}
nav ul li a {
    display:block;
    margin:0 0 0 1px;
    padding:3px 10px;
    background:#ddd;
    color:#000;
    text-decoration:none;
    line-height:1.3em;
}

A: Like this
DEMO
CSS
nav ul{
    display: inline-block;
    background-color: red;
    margin:0;
    padding:0;
}
nav ul li{
    list-style: none;
    font:bold .6em arial;
    float: left;
    margin: .3em;
    padding: 1.3em;
    background-color: #A8A8A8;
}

/*the and margin text align doesn't seem to work...*/
section {
   text-align:center;
   margin:0 auto;
 }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MainAll NewsDefense/Middle EastPA Continues to Praise Terrorist
PA Continues to Praise Terrorist
The PA continues to glorify Dalal Mughrabi, the woman who led the gang of terrorists that carried out the worst attack in Israel's history.
Tags: PMW Terror
David Lev , Jan 22 , 2011 11:22 PM | updated: 11:14 PM
Map of Palestine according to Fatah-ruled PA
Israel news photo: PMW
The Palestinian Authority continues to incite against Israel, using its media to broadcast calls for Israel's destruction, anti-Semitic "historical documentaries," and glorifications of terrorists who succeeded in killing Jews. In that latter category is the ongoing promotion of Dalal Mughrabi, the female terrorist who was leader of the gang of terrorists that carried out the worst attack in Israel's history. In 1978, Dalal and a group of terrorists sailed from Lebanon to Israel and hijacked a bus on the Coastal Road, killing 37 Israelis. That act has gone down in PA history as one of the most significant in its war against Israel.
In just the past year, Palestinian Media Watch has documented dozens of reports in the PA media describing ways the Authority has glorified this arch-terrorist. Public squares, summer camps, school buildings and streets have been named for Mughrabi, and in the latest round of praise for this "martyr," the PA, in honor of the 45th anniversary of Fatah's establishment, has produced two music videos showing her "heroism" in murdering Jews.
The videos, which have been broadcast on PA TV, were monitored by PMW, which translated them. In one of the videos, well-known PA singers praise the terrorists as "heroes... who shook the land, brought down mountains," and how "the coast was stormy with the glory of Dalal Mughrabi." The other video describes Mughrabi and her gang as having "no fear of death or the darkness of prison." Both videos show a reenactment of the massacre, with actors sailing in rubber boats, going ashore on a beach.
On March 11, 1978, after landing in Israel south of Haifa, the gang proceeded to the Coastal Road, stopping on the way to kill Gail Rubin, an American Jewish photographer who was taking photos of the sea. When they reached the highway, they opened fire on several vehicles, eventually stopping and boarding a bus. They directed the driver to continue and stopped the bus, hijacking a second one and moving the hostages from the first bus to the second one. IDF troops eventually stopped the bus and a long shooting battle ensued. Eventually the terrorists blew up the bus, killing 37 people, including 13 children, and injuring 72.
Three days later, Israel began Operation Litani, the first military operation conducted by Israel against PLO terrorists in south Lebanon.
In one of the videos, singers recite "we [PLO squad] set out on patrol from Lebanon; with no fear of death or the darkness of prison.On the coast [Dalal] Mughrabi's blood was shed, the color of [red] coral on [white] lemon flowers." In the other, the singers say "the coast was stormy with the glory of Dalal Mughrabi.On the [Israeli] coast the heroes landed, who shook the land, brought down mountains.Dalal declared the birth of the [Palestinian] Republic, the birth of the Republic."


text:
Morning Update: "A Millennial Hybrid Of Mister Rogers And Jake Paul"
A judge says Manafort lied, FEMA's director resigned, NASA's longest-lived Mars rover is dead. Your BuzzFeed News newsletter, Feb. 14.
By Elamin Abdelmahmoud
Elamin Abdelmahmoud BuzzFeed News Reporter
Posted on February 14, 2019, at 8:07 a.m. ET
To get this newsletter in your inbox, sign up right here.
A judge found that Paul Manafort lied to investigators after signing a plea deal with Mueller's office
A quick refresher here: Manafort is a former Trump campaign chair. He agreed to cooperate with special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into Russia's election interference.
So what just happened? US District Judge Amy Berman Jackson found that Manafort had lied about his communications with longtime associate Konstantin Kilimnik, voiding his plea deal. For context here, Kilimnik is a Russian-Ukrainian who Mueller's office says has ties to Russian intelligence.
The judge also said Manafort lied about a separate, as-yet-non-public investigation underway at the Department of Justice, and about a payment related to a debt to a law firm.
What does this mean for Manafort? In the fall, Manafort pleaded guilty to two counts, conspiracy against the United States and conspiracy to obstruct justice. A violation of the plea agreement would hurt any argument Manafort makes for lenient sentencing.
Covington Catholic students won't be punished after investigators found no evidence "of racist or offensive statements"
Remember the viral videos of the MAGA-hat wearing boys from a Kentucky Catholic school confronting a Native American elder? A third-party hired by the Diocese and the school has exonerated the students of wrongdoing.
The Diocese of Covington, which initially condemned the students' behavior and said they could face expulsion, now says the students "can move forward with their lives."
The company that carried out the investigation declined to speak to BuzzFeed News.
Mexican authorities are stopping unaccompanied kids from seeking asylum in the US at every turn. In some cases, authorities are placing the kids in protective services where their only options are to request refuge in Mexico or be deported. An activist told us, "this is a political move, and children are the victims."
Jussie Smollett says he's "pissed off" by people who doubt he was attacked. The Empire actor reported an attack to Chicago police that's being investigated as a possible hate crime. Smollett says he's angry some people doubt the attack happened.
FEMA director Brock Long has resigned after two years and multiple controversies. Long was criticized for his management of the agency's response to Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and his use of government cars for personal business.
NASA's longest-lived Mars rover is dead. The Opportunity rover landed on Mars in 2004, and was meant to survive for three months. But legends don't give up, so Opportunity spent the next 14 years roaming the red planet. It was killed by a massive dust storm.
ICE wanted to deport 21 Savage on an "aggravated felony" charge — but they just dropped it. The government is still pursuing his deportation, but now only on the grounds that he had come from the UK at the age of 7 and overstayed a visa.
A Breaking Bad movie starring Aaron Paul is on the way. When we last saw Paul's character Jesse Pinkman in the series finale, he was sobbing with joy after escaping white supremacists (as one does). Now, a forthcoming movie will air on Netflix, because we can't let old things go.
Kids YouTube star Blippi "regrets" the viral video in which he poops all over his friend
Have you seen Blippi? He's a YouTube megastar for toddlers — kids are obsessed with him, and he gets around 400 million views per month, making him among the top live action entertainers for kids on the platform.
But long before inventing Blippi and pivoting to children's entertainment, Stevin John made a colossally viral version of the Harlem Shake meme where he literally projectile pooped on a nude friend.
Still, the story isn't about John's children's videos — which are so fun — or the Harlem Shake video. Instead, it's about people who intrinsically understand creating viral fame, and how they make it happen.
I highly recommend Katie Notopoulos' excellent piece on Blippi, whom she calls "a uniquely millennial hybrid of Mister Rogers and Jake Paul." You can skip over the gross part if you'd like.
The teaser trailer for Frozen II will give you chills
You never quite know the tone that Disney will aim to strike with sequels of popular movies, but let me tell you, it looks like the Frozen sequel will mostly serve out distress.
The teaser trailer for the follow-up to the 2013 hit is here, and nearly every shot features a character looking terrified or deeply concerned. The movie will be released in November.
I'm mostly upset they didn't name it Frozen: Back 2 Arendelle, or Frozen II: Back in the Habit.
Here's Elsa trying to cross a large body of water by icing it, which is a massive and distressing undertaking.
Elamin Abdelmahmoud is a curation editor for BuzzFeed News and is based in Toronto
Contact Elamin Abdelmahmoud at elamin.abdelmahmoud@buzzfeed.com.


For the second time this week, a deceased whale has been found on a Hamptons beach.
On September 26, Atlantic Marine Conservation Society (AMCS), the lead large whale response organization in New York State, learned that a deceased whale was discovered just east of Main Beach in East Hampton. AMCS was also notified about a deceased dolphin discovered in East Hampton.
AMCS, along with Village of East Hampton Police, East Hampton Marine Patrol, the Highway Department, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, and Shinnecock Nation, arrived onsite to investigate the situation and discovered that the 21-foot whale was severely decomposed - with just two vital organs, the heart and lung, remaining. AMCS was not able to initially determine the whale's species or gender. Biologists think that it may be a fin or sei whale. Genetic samples were collected and sent to a pathologist for testing. East Hampton Village removed the remains from the beach for disposal.
On Monday, September 24, a deceased minke whale was discovered on Indian Wells Beach in East Hampton.
"While this is the second large whale stranding in New York, specifically East Hampton, this week, Atlantic Marine Conservation Society has also responded to six other marine animals since last Friday and will conduct a necropsy today on a dolphin as well that washed ashore in East Hampton," Kimberly Durham, AMCS necropsy program coordinator, relayed. "Though in cases like yesterday's response where a species or cause of death could not be determined, this research is essential and we can still learn from these animals."
For the moment, AMCS does not believe these strandings are connected. Typically, there are four to eight large whale strandings on the shores of New York each year. However, there have already been 11 strandings in 2018. There was also an unusually high number of strandings last year as well, which saw 14. The increase in strandings could be a result of civilians being more aware and knowing to report these strandings, the currents washing these deceased whales to the shore or even increases in the populations of various species. But, overall, lately there has been some unusual mortality events occurring throughout the Atlantic coast, impacting humpback whales, minke whales, and North Atlantic right whales. Stranding network partners are investigating these three species in particular to determine what it causing this.
"We are always looking into what is impacting the marine environment and what we can do as a public to promote marine conservation through action," Durham added. "The public can be proactive as well in offering support as volunteers, interns, members, or taking part in education events."
For more information about Atlantic Marine Conservation Society, visit www.amseas.org.
Animal Shelter Success Stories To Be Fêted During Annual Hamptons "Unconditional Love Gala"


NOTE: All Sheriff Sales will done in the front lobby of the Monroe County Court House.
All sales are pursuant to the provision of the Ohio Revised Code 2329.15. Our Sheriff Sales are held on Friday mornings at 10:00 AM unless otherwise noted at the east door of the Courthouse located at 101 N Main St in Woodsfield OH 43793. All sales will be published with a tentative second sale date.
Properties are advertised for three consecutive weeks in the Thursday edition of the Monroe County Beacon and the Sheriff's website at www.monroesheriff.com. This is your legal source of information. Withdrawal orders received by our office are updated as quickly as possible and removed from our website. The withdrawals will also be read at the beginning of each auction. The Sheriff's office nor any affiliates have access to the inside of said property. Buyer beware and sold as is. Bidding will start at 2/3 rds of the appraised value, unless we are court ordered to change it. All deposits are due at the time of bid, the day of the auction. You will also need to provide a Real Estate Judicial Sale Purchase Information Form the day of the sale. We will accept cash or cashier's check (payable to yourself) and we will have you endorse if over if you are the winning bidder. The purchaser shall be responsible for costs, allowance, and taxes that the proceeds of the sale are insufficient to cover.
In every auction of Judicial Sale of Execution of residential property, if the Judgement Creditor is the purchaser, they shall not be required to make a deposit on the sale.
If the sale is at a physical location and not online each Judgement Creditor in the action may submit a remote bid to the Sheriff or PSO via Overnight Delivery, Courier, Fax, Email, a fixed amount delivered to the Sheriff prior to 4:30 PM the Business day BEFORE the day of the sale. The Sheriff shall confirm receipt via email or fax to the Judgement Creditor who entered the bid. That bid shall be placed by the Sheriff or PSO at the time of sale on their behalf.
The Sheriff or PSO shall provide notice of the results not later than the close of the business day on the date of the sale to all who submitted remote bids: via email, fax or posting on a public website.
If the bid is not made on the Judgement Creditor of Lienholders behalf, they can file a motion to vacate the sale within 10 days.


Metronomy lights up the Rickshaw Stop.
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Youth Lagoon breaks out of the bedroom with a dreamy debut so good it hurts.
Get to know three guys from Oakland who were born to shred, and download their brand new single "OG" exclusively at The Owl Mag.
The King of Chillwave rocks SF.
No one does disco-tinged dance music better than Hercules and Love Affair.
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