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09 April 2008 10:57 AM
This is just a warning of a great shock-wave of controversy heading our way soon. Two powerful new books, which I managed to obtain and read in the USA last week, assault the reputation of Winston Churchill and question many of our fondest beliefs about the Second World War. Both will be published in this country during May. I have to say that it was a pretty dark and dispiriting experience to spend so much time on such grim, upsetting study. All the material has been published before, but not in such concentrated form and not at such a significant moment. It is the timing, and the concentrated force of the arguments, that make this such an interesting development.
For the Iraq war was sold to us very much as a 'good war', by people who used Second World War terms - especially 'appeasement' - in their arguments. And that is why the failure of the Iraq war, now largely seen as a 'Bad War', has shone a cold light on the Second World War, still largely viewed as a 'Good War'. Was World War Two so good? Was it fought in a civilised fashion and for good reasons.
I have less trouble with one of the forthcoming books - "Human Smoke", by Nicholson Baker - than I do with the other - "Churchill, Hitler and the unnecessary war - How Britain lost its Empire and the West Lost the World", by Patrick Buchanan. I have never met Mr Baker, and I do not share his pacifism. I think war is sometimes necessary and pacifism a silly indulgence pursued by the inhabitants of countries with big navies and plenty of sea between them and the nearest enemy. Even so, his volume contains some disturbing facts, quotations and claims which many, long comforted by the story of the Good War, will wish they had not read.
Whereas I have met Pat Buchanan and respect him as a brave and original thinker whose warnings - about the decay of the West and about the Iraq war, for example - are often borne out. On this subject, he is definitely going to be in trouble, because of his long and unpopular sympathy for the 'America First' movement which tried, in the late 1930s and early 1940s, to keep the USA out of World War Two - a cause he still thinks was just. The problem with 'America First' is that it attracted the support of those who wished to help the German Nazis, or who were sympathetic in general to Germany under Hitler - including the rabble of anti-semites. A fairly common view of it, and of its most influential figure - Charles Lindbergh - is given in Philip Roth's recent historical fantasy novel "The War against America". Many in Britain aren't really aware of this movement and its considerable power, now forgotten amid the sentiment of the alleged 'special relationship'. If they were, would they have the same rather soppy view of the Atlantic Alliance that is common here now?
But 'America First' and its long shadow will be Pat Buchanan's problem now. Will the world's justified loathing of the Nazis, which ought never to fade, mean that people simply do not want to listen to a book which suggests that America was right to keep out, and that Britain, too should have stayed out of the European conflict in 1939 and 1940 - and thereby saved its empire and its position as a world power? It is very hard for a British person to stomach this view. But what if there is much truth in it? What if our decline into a third-class power wasn't inevitable, but actually brought about by a war we all regard as a triumph? This is dangerous stuff. I hope to write about it all at far greater length in the Mail on Sunday, soon.
April 9, 2008 Comments (86) Categories: Churchill Cult , World War Two | Permalink
Hitler was an impressive figure, Paul T? I've always thought of him as an unprepossessing layabout myself, most of the time taking naps and eating cake at the Berghof.
Grant. Had we stayed out of World War II, surely one potential outcome of leaving Hitler and Stalin to fight it out would have been that the Soviet Union, though admittedly exhausted, would have been the virtually omnipotent victor, controlling Eastern Europe and occupying the whole of Germany? I can't see how this would have been a desirable outcome. Stalin's appetite for expansionism would have been whetted even more.
Posted by: Wesley Crosland | 14 April 2008 at 08:28 PM
Grant: I must write in to correct you. The "Polish Campaign" to which you refer most certainly did not cost "only 65,000 Polish lives."
The poor Poles suffered something like a 20% loss of population during the war (around 6 million people), because of their large numbers in ethnic minorities, which the Nazis sought to eradicate - and very nearly did. Though our own losses were terrible, they were nothing compared to what the Poles endured.
After the war, it was the Polish government itself which effectively decided to fall under the Soviet sphere of influence, around 1947 (no doubt with some persuasion).
Also, you question how there could have been a manpower shortage after the war. Well, of course there was - there had been a war on! Cities and infrastructure needed rebuilding on a huge scale, and so on. The fighting itself had deprived the nation of much of the workforce, which was no doubt already smaller than it might have been because of the generation lost in the previous war. Also, though the war ended in 1945, it would be a while before all these servicemen would be demobbed, with the occupation of Germany taking place.
You also say "We have no idea how the history of Germany would have unfolded had we not attacked them."
We never did attack them. We sent over the BEF to defend France, which the Germans soon drove back into the sea.
Posted by: G Whitfield | 14 April 2008 at 05:32 PM
We can postulate forever about all kinds of "what if" scenarios, and very enjoyable it would be too. But it gets us nowhere.
The fact remains, and must always be borne in mind: we really don't know what might have happened, and we will never know.
So much in history depends on tiny details - insignificant moments, snap decisions or strokes of luck - that turn out to be immeasurably important.
Some serious physicists even theorise that every time a decision is made, or a fork in a road reached, all the possible outcomes are played out in infinite numbers of parallel universes.
Maybe, in such a parallel universe, the Earth is a radioactive cinder, populated by cockroaches. In another, the world may be ruled by a Nazi dictator, in another, we would not have won the World Cup in 1966.
The fact is, we experience only one reality, and this has been arrived at as the result of countless decisions going a certain way, right back to the dawn of mankind.
Unless, like many, you hold the belief that everything is meant to happen in a certain way, to a design of some higher being....
In response to some of my detractors:
Mr Rob, when we declared war on Germany the Nazis had been responsible for, at most, a few hundred deaths. Eventually, the entire Polish campaign cost "only" 65,000 Polish lives. In order to defend Poland we started a war which eventually killed 50 million. And, of course, we never achieved our aim of freeing Poland, which remained a tyranny for four more decades! We have no idea how the history of Germany would have unfolded had we not attacked them, but you cannot pretend that WW2 was a success.
Eric D, you state that there was a man-power shortage after the war. How could this possibly be the case after millions of servicemen were demobilised? There was actually a shortage of men willing to work for very low wages, so the establishment, then as now, imported cheap workers at the expense of the ordinary working man.
Posted by: Grant | 14 April 2008 at 02:22 PM
Further to the above. I'm a little tired of the Churchill bashing going on. Hitler was an impressive figure, recognising this is not the same as being a supporter, and Churchill, whatever else you may say about him, was the only senior politician of either side (with the possible exception of Leo Amery) who was consistent in demanding strong actions in opposing Nazi Germany from 1933 on.
I do agree that the demonising of Neville Chamberlain is wrong, and has resulting in some claims that would be libellous if he were still alive. The Treaty of Versailles allowed for such things as "national self-determination", to create such states as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, etc. The Sudetenland was overwhelmingly German, and giving it to Czechoslovakia rather than Austria was based on making Czechoslovakia stronger (as it gave them the Skoda works) and in keeping the old area of Bohemia intact. However Prussia had been carved up to give Poland a seaport, the Germans could always argue that what was sauce for the goose was sauce for the gander. Chamberlain hoped for peace, and Britain's army, and even the RAF and RN, weren't really ready for war in 1938 (they weren't ready properly in 1939 either, especially the army). Appeasement was born out of weakness, but the weakness wasn't Chamberlain's fault. The major rearmament programme of 1936 was perhaps 2 years late, and conscription wasn't reintroduced until after Munich, which kept the British Army small. Britain simply wasn't ready for War at that time. Now it is probably true that Germany picked up more from the pause, as it helped itself to Czech armaments and helped to deal with some deficiencies in her military organisation. On the other hand, France wouldn't have marched into Germany without major British support in 1938 any more than she would have the following year. France was still shell-shocked by the loss of life from World War One, and a deeply divided country, they certainly weren't going to shoulder the major share of the fighting, and Britain's peace time army was simply too small to have been much assistance to them, and the new army would take time to train.
I remember seeing a "documentary" on Munich, and it was virtually claimed that the Czechs could have defeated the Germans themselves. Now the Skoda produced first class weapons, and I don't doubt the fighting quality of the Czech army, but Benes obviously didn't think he could defeat Germany alone, otherwise he would never have handed over the Sudetenland without a fight. The fabled Czech defences would have been no more use than the Maginot line, as they all were built along the German border, and from early in 1938, Austria was German! The Czechs would no doubt have made a fight of it, but unless either France invaded Germany from the West (highly unlikely) or the Red Army came to their aid (questionable, especially given that the purges were still happening at that point) I don't see how the Czechs would have been any better off than the Poles.
Appeasement was an attempt to find a compromise to avoid war, but all it did was convince Hitler, if he needed any convincing after 1936, that the Western Allies had no stomach for war. Chamberlain was no worse than anyone else. In any case, with Munich, it was clear that Britain and France had bent over backwards to keep the peace, and that the full responsibility for the war belonged with Nazi Germany.
To J Khabra. As stated before, India was heading towards Self-government and virtual independence. However Britain without the War would have loomed much larger in the world, so London would have therefore loomed much larger in the thoughts of the Indian Congress government of Deli than it did when independence ultimately came. Remember the "Quit India" call was made after the fall of Singapore, when Britain looked so weak that she couldn't keep the Japanese army out. I dare say that the two steps forward one step back march to independence of the 1930's would have continued, and true independence would have been delayed for years. The big question is whether the Nehru style Congress would have been the successor to the Raj, or whether the more radical Bose school of thought would have grown stronger? It is quite possible that there would be much more resentment towards Britain in India today that there is. There was more to the Empire than India however, and I have little doubt that Malaysia (which was very profitable), the West Indies, Africa, etc would have stayed under colonial rule for decades longer. The nationalist movements in these countries were much weaker and less advanced than Congress or even the Muslim League in Britain. It is possible that the Dutch may even still be ruling Indonesia today if it weren't for the Japanese invasion. It had endured for around 3 centuries by 1942.
So, yes, Britain would have been stronger today if she hadn't fought the Second World War, and the West much stronger as well. But this all falls upon one proviso, that Nazi German either failed, or else was content to live more or less within her own borders. Nor was the current course of events inevitable upon the declaration of war either. The French army outnumbered the Germans in tanks and heavy guns. If the French army hadn't collapsed in 1940, the world today would be unrecognisable to us. Whether it would be better or worse depends upon one's subjective point of view.
Posted by: Paul T | 14 April 2008 at 01:22 PM
A few comments. ThirdWorldColonial. I think you have more that just a few chips on your shoulder. You are right, to a point about China and India, both, in fact, had been taken over by what they would have considered to be "backward savages" a couple of centuries before the Brits came in strength: the Moguls were invaders from Afghanistan and the Manchus from Manchuria (this is why they threw Pu Yi, the last Emperor, out of the Forbidden City in the 1920's as a "foreigner"). However your talk seems to underestimate the reasons for the West's rise, and the obvious reasons for the later rise of China and India. The key point is the development of industrial society. Both China and India had some of these features, as did the Roman Empire, but the "full package" amounts to a very powerful society with the means and motive for mass production, and innovation. Both India and China post war tended to avoid this, heading for a more collectivist, socialist approach, but in adopting industrial capitalism, and massive capitalist investment, they have succeeded in transforming their societies in the way that Britain did in the 18th and 19th centuries, and at a much faster rate. By the way, your comment about hoping that Australia and America emulating Zimbabwe means, I suppose, that you would be in favour of all Indian, Pakistani and Chinese immigrants to those places and their decedents being driven out as well? After all this has happened in Africa once! Were you actually around during colonial times, or is your resentment inherited?
Regarding Japan. People in more recent times have had a tendency to over estimate Japan in 1941 just as many back then had a tendency to underestimate them. Take Britain's position economically in 1991 and Japan's in 1991 and reverse them! That will give you a true picture of the relative industrial and economic power of the two countries in 1941. Japan made up the deficit somewhat in the 1930's by spending a much greater share of national income on the military. She was aided in this by the fact that she didn't have a large war debt from the First World War, but actually had a large war credit. Hence the Japanese government didn't have to devote a large proportion of the budget to servicing the debt. However, the Japanese decided to invade China proper in 1937, and whilst they had been able to seize control of most of the important coastal areas, they hadn't been able to either fully conqueror the country, or end the war with the Kuomintang by other means. This means that from 1937 the Japanese were fully committed to the China War (The Second Sino-Japanese War) which consumed most of their army and the best of their air force and naval aviation. The cost of this "adventure" also ate into their war credit. A fact that's little thought of was that whilst it is claimed the American oil embargo from late 1941 gave the Japanese little choice but to attack or accept subservience, the Japanese were at that point less than 6 months from completely exhausting their national reserves, i.e. they were facing bankruptcy and wouldn't have had the cash to buy those commodities anyway. To launch their attack on Malaya, Singapore, the Philippines and Pearl Harbour, the Japanese had to pull their best units out of the China War (still only a fraction of their some 50 divisions) and concentrate their air and naval forces for the new offensive. They did this for two reasons: firstly because Hitler seemed about to win the War in Europe, which nullified any British response, at least in the foreseeable future. Secondly, the disparity between Japan and the US was only going to grow with time. The Americans never built their full quota allowed by the Washington and London Naval Treaties, and this allowed the Japanese to build their fleet up to about 80% or so of American numbers instead of the 60% allowed by the treaties. The Americans passed something called the "Two Ocean Act" which was a massive increase in the size of their fleet making it completely out classing Japan's. The period of late 1941 and the first half of 1942 would be the period when Japan's position relative to the US would be at its strongest as this was when Japan's own building programme peaked. Their strategy was to strike rapidly against enemies that were relatively weak and unable to respond quickly, and then to hold the territories in long campaigns that would supposedly wear down their opponents. The idea would be that the British and Americans would come in time to "understand", and therefore accept the new status quo.
However, the Japanese didn't take the matter lightly even in late 1941. With Britain not at war in Europe, it is unlikely in my view that the Japanese would have started a second major war with a stronger country if it were avoidable. Even if they did, it would be the Japanese fighting on two fronts and not Britain, so I don't think that the disasters of early 1942 were "inevitable" in that respect.
Regarding the future of the Empire in those circumstances. Pure imperialism was seen as yesterday's news in the 1930's. This didn't mean that people wanted to get rid of the Empire, but the Churchill mindset was seen to be "old fashioned". India was moving towards home rule, with acts in 1935 allowing for elected assemblies at state level and these assemblies controlling state governments. I do think that India was heading towards independence, or at least autonomy, just not as fast as Congress would have liked. However without the War, it would probably have taken longer, and would have been under very different circumstances. It might be that India would be a united country, but with a Viceroy for the Queen-Empress rather than a President. There may also be more resentment towards Britain there today.
As for the rest of the Empire…
Australians, Canadians, New Zealanders and South Africans would be as free to come and go in Britain today (and vice versa) as Germans are now, and as they were back in the 1930's. Their trade would also be much more strongly British than it currently is, partially because the Japanese miracle of the Post War probably wouldn't have happened. Britain and the other European powers (this is assuming no World War Two) would continue to rule in Africa, although there would be active nationalists by now at least. What is now Malaysia and Singapore, and the West Indies would also still be colonies, with at most some autonomous local government. The reason? Post War Britain successfully defeated both the Mau Mau and the Malayan Chinese Communists, but didn't like the financial cost of these wars, and this was one factor in heading towards independence for these territories. The other factor was the War itself in changing the mindset in Britain towards colonialism and alerting the nationalists in these areas towards the Colonial powers' new found weakness. Little Holland continued to rule the East Indies long after her economic peak had passed in part because they had continuous authority. When the Japanese invaded, they broke this, and the Dutch couldn't restore it again (in part because of American opposition).
So I think the Empire itself would still be intact, although not everywhere. India would almost certainly control her own affairs, but even in the mid-19th century Ruskin (the great imperialist) didn't think that British Rule would last. Most other parts would remain "colonies" or "protectorates" with varying levels of self rule.
Britain's economic position would also be greater than today. One reason for the "start stop" growth of the Macmillan era was the huge indebtedness of post-War Britain, which helped keep Britain's growth much lower than other parts of the West – it wasn't just poor management, lack of investment and union issues, although they certainly played a part. The Sterling block would certainly have stayed, although I am less sure as to whether it would have been a plus or minus economically, it would have been a boost to Britain's political influence though.
So no War: the Empire would probably still be intact and Britain would remain a Great Power (possibly a little diminished since the '30's), although whether she'd remain "THE" World Power is largely dependent upon what the USA chose to do. They may well have remained content in relative isolation only stirring to assert her business interests as they did over middle east oil in the 1920's.
Regarding the War against Hitler. I believe that Churchill himself once called it the "unnecessary War". The point of the policy of appeasement was to attempt to contain Hitler's aggression but still avoid war. In other words, reach a negotiated settlement which gave the Germans some of what they wanted in exchange for peace. The idea that it would have been acceptable to allow such a regime to conqueror Europe shows comparative lack of imagination. It would mean that eventually Britain, and ultimately the USA, would have had to go to war with the Germans in a much weaker position. As it was, allowing Hitler to remilitarise the Rhineland; unite with Austria and take the Sudetenland significantly increased his power relative to Britain and France. Internal "guerrilla" war probably wouldn't have weakened Germany much either. For one thing these guerrilla's would have needed weapons and other supplies. The Vietcong got them from North Vietnam (and also from the USSR) via the Ho Chi Minh trail. The Russian Partisans were initially army cut off by the German advance (and so had their own weapons and ammunition) and were later supplied by the Red Army by air drop. The various underground movements in occupied Europe were supplied by the SOE and its American equivalent, the OSS. Without that support, they would have had to rely solely upon captured German weapons, a much less certain supply. Additionally the major achievement of these resistance operations was in intelligence gathering, and impeding the efficiency of the German Army in fighting there conventional enemies by impeding their supplies, communications etc and in tying down German units in counter-guerrilla operations. However the crushing of the Home Army's Warsaw uprising in 1944 shows how dangerous it was, even in that late stage of the war, to actively resist the Germans. Nazi/SS treatment of resistors was also extremely ruthless. No squeamish rules of engagement for them. They'd hang 100 civilians for each German soldier killed by partisans. This isn't something that would make resistance easy at all. I'd recommend anyone read John Keegan's single volume History of the Second World War for an overview of this. Perhaps the Nazi machine would have eventually become decadent, or otherwise declined, but wearing it down by such means would have taken decades, not just years.
I think that War was close to essential by 1939, but may have been avoidable if firmer, and more united, measures had been taken earlier. That the war was disastrous for Britain, France is quite true. In the longer term it may have been disastrous for Americans, embroiling them in conflicts down the track they would never have had to face otherwise. However the prospect of a Nazi dominated Europe would be far worse, as such a State would sooner or later decide to take on the "Anglo Saxons" for mastery of the remainder of the world. It is worth remembering what was lost in the war, it wasn't just a triumph, but the consequences of defeat or total inaction would have been much, much worse. As for the final solution. I once listened to this, but I'm afraid that it is pure speculation at best. Hitler didn't kill the Jews because they were "behind the continuing war". The Jews were held by Nazi views to be the great genetic enemy of the Aryan Race. The solvent of human society as Hitler called them. He really believed this. If the existence of the Jews was such a great existential threat to the future of the Aryan race, exterminating this threat is clearly the final solution to the problem they pose. The exterminations of the Einstatsgruppen (forgive my misspelling) took place under the Commissar order, which ordered the liquidation of the communist rulers and functionaries of Russia. The Nazis didn't differentiate between "Jews" and "Communists" (hence the term Judo-Bolshevik), and so the SS shot Jews as part of this order. Hitler would certainly have invaded Russia when he was able to do so Anglo American neutrality or not. As for the Madagascar plan. The Jews were supposedly being deported for resettlement in "the East". Is it likely that the Madagascar plan would have ended differently? At best the Nazis may have hoped for them to die of starvation and disease like the inmates of Bergin-Belsan rather than in purpose built gas chambers, but Madagascar would have been even further from prying eyes than the camps of eastern Poland. So, no, I don't think we can really say there would have been no final solution if Churchill hadn't fought on, this assertion is very questionable, and is really made to say that it wouldn't have been immoral to seek accommodation with Hitler.
The ultimate point is that much of what happened wasn't actually inevitable. If France had launched the "preventative war" (which I understand their high command considered when the Nazis came to power in 1933); if France with British backing forcibly resisted the remilitarisation in 1936; if an alliance had been formed with the USSR in 1938 or in 1939 (and without driving the other states of Eastern Europe into the arms of the Germans, a big if), things would have been different. Ultimately what made the difference was the collapse of the French army in 1940. General André Beaufre declared the collapse of the French army in 1940 as the central event of the 20th century, and I'm quite sure he was right. If the French had been able to hold the Germans at the Meuse, or at least hold them long enough for the High Command to react in time (for all his faults, Gamlin did know the correct strategy for dealing with the blitzkrieg, he just reacted too slowly). There are a number of potental ways this could have happened. Following this, the Allies would have attacked the following year with superior resources, and probably would have eventually won, but probably with a lot of casualties, assuming the Germans didn't collapse due to the failure of their 1940 offensive.
My point is that the decision to go to war, or have a proper confrontation with Hitler, had been put off until almost the last possible moment (they could, I suppose, have waited until France herself was attacked, and that would definitely have been too late) and was undertaken at that point because it was virtually the least worst option remaining, although the war itself could probably have been avoided. The other effects: the war with Japan; weakening of British power in the world; the cultural revolution of the 1960's; America's emergence from isolation… These things did follow from the war, but it didn't necessarily have to be like that. The Germans trusted in luck (and in the inertia of the Western Allies) in 1940 and won, and won handsomely. I suppose the moral of the story is that it is better for statemen to not trust in luck, particularly when the future of their country is at stake. Something that should be remembered in dealing with the EU perhaps?
I'm sorry about the length of this post, but it is a complex issue.
Eric D, the King and Country Debate showed one can never tell who will be valiant in defence of their country when the time comes, whatever they may say before their patriotism is actually tested.
What is so poisonous about the EU and mass immigration is that they have both encroached gradually, like grandmother's footsteps, with HMG and the Media classes all the while denying anything was changing, and punishing severely anyone who demurred. Once achieved, it is then stated that we must accept the new position. That is a very hard form of conquest and invasion to resist, because precisely at which point do you lay down your life for your country's sovereignty?
Posted by: Rosemary | 14 April 2008 at 11:29 AM
"In 1940, Germany had no designs on the United Kingdom "
Never heard of operation sealion ?
Posted by: Stan | 14 April 2008 at 09:28 AM
Peter, Pat is a Great American thinker . He has written 'against the tide ' for a long time. The thing to remember is that he probably still retains a strong anti- British sentiment caused by his fervent support for Irish independence. AS an admirer of the Irish intellect, I can certainly understand that position; while concurrently feeling the tugging of the plight of the people of Northern Ireland at my conscience. Nevertheless, my point is that Buchanan's view of anything British, MAY have a bias.
Posted by: Richard Morant | 14 April 2008 at 02:51 AM
It's interesting to read the remarks of thirdworldcolonial.Is it possible to be more ignorant and hypocritical?
Your remarks about the skin colour of native Britons says much about your greasy character and very little about them. What race are you? What is an acceptable skin colour for you? The strange mix of sanctimony and racism in your original post does create a certain picture in my mind . British people are feral? All of them? What proportion have you met?
I would suggest that your ignorance is due to cultural distractions, but it's probably not reading. Your nauseating whine about European history is impressive in its inanity. The Industrial Revolution had no influence on Europe's rise? China and India are improving because they have adopted certain Western techniques. Britain was not "meant" for empire? You condemn them for their empire and then say that they were not worthy of it, thus implying empire is a good thing. And "meant"- what, the great invisible god in the sky didn't want the British to have an empire?
Posted by: serge nabokov | 13 April 2008 at 03:25 PM
Rosemary, sorry I was alluding to the idea that is very difficult to give away national sovereignty whilst their are still those alive who remember when it was once something that had to be fought for. The individual veteran's views on further EU integration are probably only slightly more pessimistic than those of the broader population. I hope you're right about the next generation, I'm not as optimistic.
There appears to be some suggestion that there has been an agenda to mythologise Churchill. If this is the case it isn't state-sponsored. Recall how only recently he was expunged from the school History curriculum.
Some people are complaining about Churchill encouraging immigration from the colonies post-war. This seems to me to be fundamentally different from today's mass immigration. Post-war there was a genuine man power shortage, in contrast to today when there are plenty of indigenous benefits claimants who could fulfil the need.
Grant, sorry each post gets more alarming.
Posted by: Eric D | 13 April 2008 at 04:19 AM
Bit of a hornet's nest on this one already, and it has only been up three days. This proves that PH is right when he says the two powerful new books are going to produce "shock-waves of controversy".
I can't prove this next bit of course, but I sense that these two books are only putting into an acceptable, intellectual format, what the man in the street in both Britain and the States has been thinking and saying for a long time. Certainly in Britain, behind a surface layer of defensive and deeply-felt support for their country and its armed forces, the much-despised lower orders have long regretted the First World War as a murderous fraud perpetrated on them by their own rulers, ditto the Second World War. There is also a natural affinity between Britain and Northern Europe, particularly Germany and Denmark - you only have to look at a map to see why. English as a language is essentially a mix of German and Latin, about 50-50 - and you will find most words of the heart and guts are Germanic in origin. "Find", "word", "heart" and "guts", for example. (Although German is now a very different language from English, and quite difficult to learn for an English speaker.) New discoveries in genetics have enabled anthropologists to establish the huge extent to which the blood of people in Britain is that of the people in German and Scandinavia - and it has turned out that even Northern France was originally Dane in racial terms.
A lot of working class men who went in huge groups to Germany for the World Cup a few years ago, came back saying they had had the time of their lives and had fallen in love with Germany. They seemed quite astonished by this finding - it was totally unexpected. Germany has not until recently been a favourite holiday destination for Britons - however it is slowly becoming so.
We went down the wrong road in 1914 - some people like Elgar knew it at the time, and said so. Lets admit it, and stand with our natural allies for once, not divided and ruled by puppet masters. By the way, this is not a pro-EU stance on my part - we can have closer ties with Northern Europe outside the EU than we can within its ridiculous commerce-driven melting-pot. Also by the way (but it has moved centre stage on this thread), the plight of the Jews is something of a side-issue. Persecution of Jews seems to have been going on all over the world since Abraham left Ur of the Chaldees (probably because of persecution by the Babylonians). It needs to be addressed separately from other issues, or it actively prevents clear thinking on these and at the same time prevents any long-lasting solution for itself.
Posted by: edith crowther | 12 April 2008 at 11:58 AM
We do indeed, Mr.Crosby.
Posted by: Guy Reid-Brown | 12 April 2008 at 11:46 AM
Don't worry, Pete.
On this issue, no credible American or Conservative(same thing)buys into Pat's meanderings. Sometimes Pat is just goofy, sad to say...
Posted by: Randy Vaught | 12 April 2008 at 07:25 AM
Oops, almost overlooked this one.
ThirdWorldColonial
You appear to be under attack from Mr Hitchens on this thread. Some people believe that "my enemy's enemy is my friend" (I use the term only regarding the current subject under discussion) – I don't.
"The native peoples of the New World and the Aboriginals of Australia, and the blacks of southern Africa have suffered from European infiltration, mass immigration and swamping of their lands for centuries. Thank the gods that it's being slowly reversed now in Zimbabwe and South Africa."
Your beliefs intrigue me. We all know how wonderfully Zimbabwe is doing right now, so I am fascinated - you refer to "gods" – please, what belief structure do you adhere to?
Posted by: Mr Rob | 11 April 2008 at 10:28 PM
To Guy Reid-Brown
"I have long believed that WW2 was unnecessary - it could easily have been prevented"
So could WW1 have been prevented, but we both know the reasons why they weren't, don't we Mr Reid-Browne?
Posted by: Charles Crosby | 11 April 2008 at 10:12 PM
"And what was the point of this war which cost fifty million lives? The result was that Eastern Europe was saved from Nazism and became communist instead."
"The terrible fact is that we all would have been better off if Churchill had never been born. There would have been no holocaust, no communist domination of Europe, and if I had to write German instead of English, so what?"
As the Nazis murdered mental defectives along with Jews, homosexuals, Communists, Socialists and others, I don't know why you seem so keen on them. By the way, the Holocaust, if by this you mean the mass executions in specialist camps, was a trifle delayed only because the Nazis thought they could dispose of everyone they wanted to get rid of by more conventional means. However, after the invasion of Russia, they found that even members of the Einzatsgruppen (long since disbanded, you were born too late my friend) were becoming demoralised because of the personal nature of the slaughter – it was also rather expensive in terms of bullets.
Kevin Boatang called you a "disturbing little man".
Naughty Kevin.
I am astonished by some of the complacent attiudes towards Nazism displayed among these comments.
I do not see the logic that somehow the holocaust happened only because we entered the war. The Nazis were murdering people as early as during the dying days of the Weimar republic.
"Grant", you do not know what you are talking about. "If I had to write German instead of English, so what?" Well, you would also have to be carrying orders from people who were quite happy to brutually murder millions of people because of their inheritance. You would also be under the rule of thugs who took pleasure in publicly humiliating perfectly decent men and women. Nazi gangsterism started years before world war broke out.
Posted by: Steven | 11 April 2008 at 09:59 PM
The problem in 1939 was that Britain and France sat back while they had the opportunity to invade Germany. During September, Germany would have been at it's most vulnerable while fighting the Poles.
By May 1940 Germany had built up it's forces sufficiently to knock France out of the war.
Posted by: Martin Thompson | 11 April 2008 at 09:10 PM
Grant: I remember having a conversation with a man who came to Britain from the West Indies. He said he can remember Churchill going over there and encouraging people to come over and help 're-build' Britain. Churchill and other like him encouraged mass immigration to keep British workers wages down without thinking about the social consequences.
I do agree with Churchill for saying the Allies should have occupied Germany at the end of the First World War. As this didn't happen it allowed Hitler and others to say that Germany wasn't defeated and was 'betrayed by traitors and Jews' (despite the fact that Jews had fought bravely for Germany and had received medals for doing so.)
Posted by: Paul Casali | 11 April 2008 at 09:02 PM
"ThirdWorldColonial" still cowering behind that pseudonymous mask, blusters noisily, but hopes no-one will notice that amid the bloviating he does not produce any evidence that Pat Buchanan is, as he charges, anti-semitic. Come on, Mr Colonial. Back it up, or withdraw.
Posted by: Peter Hitchens | 11 April 2008 at 03:58 PM
Would it be OK to refer to Africans or Aborigenes as "dark, feral, drunken savages"?
Posted by: Steve H | 11 April 2008 at 02:40 PM
Eric D, you must know just one kind of veteran - mine divide equally on the EU, and far too many of them think the EU rather than NATO has kept the peace in post-war Europe. I think there are more of us in the next generation who understand the importance of nation, monarchy, and national sovereignty, than you might think.
Every generation has its difference of opinion on these momentous questions, but there are some opinions one just has to bite one's tongue on, even in very trusted private company.
What you and I can agree on I suspect is that we don't have the representation we deserve on the air and in newspapers - which is why we take to the blogs.
Posted by: Rosemary | 11 April 2008 at 02:27 PM
Another man long overdue for a re-evaluation is Neville Chamberlain. In order to defend the world view espoused by the likes of Boateng, Chamberlain must be depicted as a weakling, afraid to face up to the monster Hitler.
But what was wrong with trying to put off a world war which was going to kill millions, whilst giving us time to rebuild our depleted defences? The appeasers were actually honest, patriotic men. But Eden and Churchill were treacherous warmongers who throughout their careers acted against the interests of the British people.
But, of course, Churchill wrote the history which the "sheeple" follow.
In order to justify the war, the establishment has even had to bring in the holocaust into O and A level texts as though our declaration of war had something to do with Schindler's List!
Finally, those who still support Churchill should ask themselves one thing? Why is it that during Churchill's peacetime reign as PM we saw massive immigration into Britain from the colonies? He wanted thousands to die so Europe would not be dominated by Germany, but he was very happy to see his own country invaded by non-Europeans! I suppose they didn't live anywhere near Chartwell.
Whatever anyone says about Great Britain remaining a "world power", it is only a matter of time before we are completely eclipsed by the Chinese and Indians.
And well done, Boatang, full marks for your trip to the library. Yes, on paper we do indeed have the second most powerful Navy in the world. But it is still puny when compared to the holder of the number one spot: the mighty US Navy. This is both in terms of size, and global capabilities.
The pair of impressive new carriers on the drawing board would improve matters, but is still not certain that they will ever be commissioned.
To be frank, if we are still indeed a world power, we are hanging on to this status by our fingertips.


text:
visitRaleigh insider
An Oyster Renaissance in Raleigh, N.C.
Monday, July 15, 2019, 4pm by visitRaleigh
For those who can't get enough of those delicious, briny bivalves, we have great news—there's an oyster renaissance happening in Raleigh, N.C.! Among the abundance of new culinary hot spots recently opened, several have made fresh oysters a centerpiece of their menu offerings. Check out these exciting restaurants—some brand new and some well-established—all devoted to providing an authentic and innovative dining experience with skill, passion and, of course, the freshest oysters possible.
The Cortez
Oscar Diaz, a 2019 James Beard nominee for Best Chef: Southeast, helped open The Cortez in 2017, a fresh seafood and cocktail restaurant housed in a gorgeous space in downtown Raleigh's Glenwood South district. The Cortez features freshly-prepared seafood with a globalized pantry, working with local purveyors and fisherman to source responsibly-caught and -raised products and offer a rotating selection of fresh oysters obtained both locally and nationally.
A post shared by The Cortez Seafood + Cocktail (@cortezraleigh) on Aug 24, 2018 at 2:36pm PDT
St. Roch Fine Oysters + Bar
St. Roch owner/chef Sunny Gerhart gained a superb reputation as the right-hand man to James Beard Award-winning chef Ashley Christensen for more than two decades. St. Roch serves flawlessly-fresh and expertly-shucked oysters with an exuberant array of accompaniments: cocktail sauce, lemon wedge, mignonette, pickled banana peppers and fried saltines (yes, fried saltines—you've gotta try it!).
A post shared by UNATION StuffToDoInRaleigh (@stufftodoinraleigh) on Mar 28, 2019 at 5:58pm PDT
42nd St. Oyster Bar & Seafood Grill
An establishment that's been serving fresh oysters since 1931 must be doing something right. 42nd St. Oyster Bar, one of the South's most famous landmark restaurants, brings fresh oysters to your table any way you like 'em. Their mantra is "seafood any fresher would still be in the ocean." This is old-school Raleigh and a taste of tradition you shouldn't miss!
A post shared by Kimmay Kline (@harleychick55) on Jun 19, 2019 at 4:03pm PDT
Locals Oyster Bar
One of the main attractions at Transfer Co. Food Hall, Locals Oyster Bar is a taste of the coastline in the middle of landlocked Raleigh. Mindful of the Tar Heel State's bountiful, seafood-rich coastline, the restaurant celebrates this heritage by focusing on the state's cultivated and wild oysters. The tides, season and weather will determine which oysters the bar shucks on any given night. The cocktails, from the gurus behind Person Street Bar, offer a perfect pairing.
A post shared by Locals Oyster Bar (@localsoysterbar) on Jul 11, 2019 at 2:56pm PDT
Death & Taxes, a wood-fired restaurant from Ashley Christensen that was named one of America's best new restaurants in 2016, serves up perfectly-roasted and -seasoned oysters from their custom-built grill. A constantly-changing menu of seasonal, fresh selections is perfect for sharing with friends and family (so try as many dishes as possible, and don't skip dessert!).
A post shared by Death & Taxes (@deathandtaxesnc) on Apr 17, 2019 at 7:08am PDT
Stanbury
At Stanbury—considered by many to be one of the area's best restaurants—dishes are inspired by the day's offerings, reflecting seasonal availability and highlighting our region's local agriculture producers. Oysters are a mainstay and always prepared fresh and uncomplicated. From Pamlico, N.C., to Blue Point, New York, to the Puget Sound, Washington, you'll likely discover a new variety each time you visit.
A post shared by Nichole Scaraglino (@thatgirlnicholesomething) on Aug 5, 2015 at 6:06pm PDT
Sean Fowler was a chef at the AAA 5 Diamond, Fearrington House, in Pittsboro, N.C., before returning to his boyhood stomping grounds in historic Five Points to open his first restaurant, Mandolin (named one of America's best Southern restaurants in 2018!). One of the most popular items on the menu are newly-harvested Carolina oysters on the half shell. These mouth-watering morsels are served up with a delicious house cocktail sauce and a mignonette hot sauce.
A post shared by Mandolin Raleigh (@mandolinraleigh) on Jul 10, 2019 at 2:40pm PDT
The Full Moon Oyster Bar
If you're looking for a comfortable spot to enjoy some freshly shucked oysters, then The Full Moon Oyster Bar in Morrisville is the place to visit. The shuckers behind the bar are always incredibly friendly and will even shuck your oysters right in front of you. Like the traditional steam houses on the N.C. coast, Full Moon knows fresh oysters are best prepared using hot steam to preserve the briny freshness we love.
A post shared by Full Moon Oyster Bar (@fullmoonoysterbar) on Mar 25, 2019 at 5:30am PDT
STIR Raleigh
The newly-opened STIR in North Hills boasts an incredible signature raw bar and serves up some of the freshest oysters available. No matter how you like your oysters—raw, steamed, char-broiled, Rockefeller or Casino—you'll discover a feast of options that will satisfy your oyster jones.
A post shared by Stir Raleigh (@stirraleighnc) on Jun 22, 2019 at 6:30am PDT
Cape Fear Seafood Company
Another recent addition to the culinary seafood scene is Cape Fear Seafood Company, having opened a Raleigh location after successfully operating on the N.C. coast for years. If you prefer your oysters fried, then Cape Fear Seafood Company will not disappoint. The oysters are carefully prepared and served with an abundance of Southern hospitality.
A post shared by Cesar Irizarry Jr. (@irizarryjr.cesar) on Aug 27, 2018 at 3:03pm PDT
Foodie events ahead in Raleigh, N.C.
Beer, Bourbon & BBQ Festival, Aug. 2-3
Downtown Raleigh Food Truck Rodeo, Aug. 4
Downtown Raleigh Food Truck Rodeo, Oct. 6
Beericana Craft Beer and Music Festival, Oct. 12
NC Wine, Cheese & Chocolate Festival, Oct. 12
2019 N.C. State Fair, Oct. 17-27
North Carolina Wine Festival, Oct. 26
The Most-Anticipated Restaurant Openings of 2023 in Raleigh, N.C.
It looks like 2023 is going to be a big year for food in Raleigh, N.C. These highly anticipated restaurants have their eyes set... View More
30 Can't-Miss Things to Do in Raleigh, N.C.
Raleigh, N.C., is a booming metropolis that offers a big city feel with Southern charm. It's a smart, modern-meets-historic... View More
10 Tasty Picks for Triangle Restaurant Week in Raleigh, N.C.: Jan. 23-29
With a constantly-evolving restaurant scene that's redefining and re-imagining both Southern cooking and global flavors,... View More
10 Things to Look Forward to in 2023 in Raleigh, N.C.
We're all thrilled to have turned the page to a new year, and we've got a great feeling about good news on the horizon... View More
A Raleigh Institution, Clyde Cooper's BBQ Turns 85 Years Old
If barbecue is a tradition in The Tar Heel State (it is), then Clyde Cooper's BBQ is an institution. Opened on New... View More
PineCone's Down Home Concert Series Aims High in 2023
Note: Authored by David Menconi, this piece has been produced in partnership with Raleigh Arts. Menconi's latest book,... View More
100 of the Biggest Events and Festivals in Raleigh, N.C., in 2023
Every two weeks, we send out a newsletter that includes the best of the best upcoming events. If you sign up for our E-magazine,... View More
Things to Do in Raleigh, N.C.: January 2023
Another year is in the books! Looking back, 2022 in Raleigh, N.C., was filled with major festivals, outdoor concerts, sold-out... View More
Categories: Dining & Drinks
Tags: Downtown Raleigh, food, Morrisville, Raleigh, tastes
Author: visitRaleigh
The Greater Raleigh Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB) is the official and accredited destination marketing organization (DMO) for all of Wake County.
Beer (100)
Dining & Drinks (514)
Live Music (176)
Museums & History (136)
Sports & Recreation (141)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Insofar as your objection is directed against the processing of data for direct marketing purposes, we shall stop processing immediately. In this case, the specification of a particular situation is not required. This also applies to profiling insofar as it is associated with such direct advertising.
If you would like to exercise your right to object, just send an email to privacy@gazprom-football.com.
All personal data transmitted by you shall be encrypted using the generally accepted and secure standard TLS (Transport Layer Security). TLS is a safe and proven standard, which is also used in online banking for example. You can detect a secure TLS connection, among other things from the "s" at the end of the http (i.e. https: // ..) in the address bar of your browser or the padlock icon at the bottom of your browser.
As the provider of our website, we are responsible for collecting, storing and using personal data in connection with the use of our online offer. However, we do not have any influence over whether the website operators that are linked to us comply with the relevant data protection regulations. The respective website operators are responsible for collecting, storing and using personal data on linked websites. Please ensure that you understand how personal data on these linked websites is handled by these service providers.
You can download, save and print the policy at any time from our website at https://www.gazprom-football.com/en/datenschutz.htm.


text:
Viewing platform opens at Peggy's Cove in Nova Scotia with eye to improving safety
By Michael MacDonald The Canadian Press
Posted October 18, 2021 11:08 am
Updated October 18, 2021 2:03 pm
1:58 Mi'kmaq fear Peggy's Cove boardwalk will destroy sacred medicine
Members of Nova Scotia's Mi'kmaw community are raising concerns with a new development plan at Peggy's Cove. Last week, the provincial and federal governments announced funding for a new accessible viewing deck near the iconic lighthouse. But as Graeme Benjamin reports, one Mi'kmaw water protector says the development will stunt the growth of one sacred medicine. – Jan 18, 2021
About 100 people gathered near the postcard-perfect lighthouse at Nova Scotia's Peggy's Cove on Monday to mark the official opening of a viewing platform that had initially rankled some local residents.
The 1,300-square-metre deck was designed to improve access to the site and discourage sightseers from venturing onto the wave-washed rocks when storms roll in.
Read more: Accessibility advocates say Peggy's Cove viewing deck will ensure safe access for all
"This celebration recognizes the efforts of the community … and provides a new and inclusive way to experience Peggy's Cove," Susan Corkum-Greek, the province's economic development minister, said in a statement.
More than 80 per cent of the new platform sits atop an old roadway near the Sou'Wester restaurant and gift shop. The remaining portion "extends slightly over the landscape" and is designed to blend in with the natural surroundings, the province said.
When plans for the project were unveiled in January, some residents complained the proposed deck was too big, and that its bulk would detract from the raw beauty of the rugged landscape.
There was no sign of dissent, however, during Monday's event, which included a smudge ceremony and prayer by members of the Mi'kmaw Native Friendship Centre in Halifax.
"Peggy's Cove, a treasured and timeless destination, is now accessible to people of all abilities with these beautiful, well-designed improvements," Halifax Mayor Mike Savage said in a statement. "This is a wonderful project that respects its natural environment while inviting more people to enjoy it."
2:04 Advocates say Peggy's Cove viewing deck will accommodate accessibility needs
The $3.1-million wood and concrete structure includes steel guardrails knitted together to look like fishing nets.
The designers have said the platform could deter thrill-seekers from getting too close to the ocean when big waves start crashing into the cove's bald rocks, but visitors will otherwise be free to roam the shoreline.
Easily one of Canada's most recognizable landmarks, the barren point of land surrounding the white-and-red lighthouse attracted more than 700,000 visitors in 2019.
Provincial officials say one in three tourists who visit Nova Scotia make a point of heading to the light – one of the world's most-photographed lightstations.
But the site can be treacherous for the uninitiated.
And here's the final product 👀 pic.twitter.com/Y6bIg5sGNF
— Graeme Benjamin (@GlobalGraeme) October 18, 2021
The smooth granite under and around the lighthouse turns black and gets slippery when the ocean surf starts heaving salt spray into the air. Rogue waves have been known to sweep onlookers into the turbulent waters.
In July 2015, a 26-year-old Ontario man was rescued after slipping into the churning sea. Three months earlier, a 25-year-old Ontario man was swept off the rocks and disappeared.
The two incidents prompted a wave of commentary on social media, much of it abuse hurled at people from outside the province unfamiliar with the fickle moods of the sea. The province responded by installing more warning signs.
Architect Omar Gandhi has said the new platform and its cantilevered look-off will be the preferred location for prudent travellers.
The project also delivered a larger parking area and visitor centre, improved traffic and pedestrian routes, new public washrooms and a new common area in the centre of the nearby village, a picturesque Maritime gem that is home to 40 residents.
A 40-minute drive southwest of Halifax, the community remains an authentic fishing village, despite the annual onslaught of tourists.
Nova Scotia contributed $1.7 million towards construction and Ottawa kicked in the rest through the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency.
Peggy's CoveMi'kmaw Native Friendship CentreNova Scotia TourismNS tourismPeggys Cove viewing platform


text:
Senate unanimously passes bill criminalizing revenge porn
by S. Donahue | Mar 2, 2015 | NEWS, POLITICS | 0 comments
SALEM, Ore.–
After escaping an abusive relationship, Sophia Adams was shocked to discover nude photos of herself online. The compromising photos of the Beaverton woman appeared on a website linked to her personal Facebook page, allowing all her friends to view them. To have the images removed, Adams was forced to pay a $400 fine.
Adams had become a victim of revenge porn, an abuse in which a vengeful partner posts pornographic content of their ex online without permission.
On Thursday, Oregon's Senate unanimously passed a bill proposing to criminalize revenge porn. In Oregon and 34 other states, revenge porn is currently not punishable by law. Stories like Adams' are becoming increasingly common occurrences.
"I just got out of an abusive relationship and I was mortified, hurt, angry, and anxious when I saw that my ex had posted naked private pictures online that I allowed him to take when we were together," Adams wrote.
Adams started a Change.org campaign calling for the Oregon legislatures to outlaw revenge porn.
"This is a form of sexual harassment and needs to be addressed," Adams wrote. "Please sign my petition to pass a law that will help protect me and others like me that have gone through this humiliatingly hurtful sexual harassment."
Passed on Thursday, Senate Bill 188 would make posting naked photos collected during a romantic relationship online without the subject's permission a misdemeanor on first offense, and a felony for every subsequent offense.
"Nobody should have to endure the humiliation of this happening to them," Sen. Tim Knopp, R-Bend, said in a floor speech.
Online platforms are hesitantly joining the call for reform. Reddit's new privacy policy, effective March 10, will combat cases of revenge porn. The updated policy does not allow users to post or link to unauthorized images and videos of people who are nude or engaged in a sexual act.
"If tech platforms wanted to step up and tackle this issue, they could do so much more than laws to eradicate this issue over time," said Mary Anne Franks, vice president of the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative, an anti-revenge porn advocacy group.
Many find weaknesses in Reddit's reform, noting that victims must first alert Reddit of inappropriate content before the images are removed.
"It does put the burden on the victim but honestly, compared to how things were before, this is still really good," said Franks.
Following Reddit's failure to take decisive action following last year's "celebgate" catastrophe, current administrators hope the site will become a positive example.
"Last year, we missed a chance to be a leader in social media," Reddit announced in a blog post.
As Bill 188 reaches the House for consideration, activists nationwide look to Oregon to lead legislative reform defending the decency of cyber-victims.
When not writing, Sierra can be found conducting experiments in the chemistry lab or whipping up delectable creations in her kitchen. With a passion for storytelling, Sierra puts her natural curiosity to use investigating enlightening angles for news and events here at The Oregon Optimist.


Ideal for replica and nostalgic shops or Baking Day activities, these stylish red scales have a nostalgic look about them.
Use in a fifties or sixties themed room or on a display.
Handy size approx 22cm high x 15cm wide.


text:
Q: "In" vs. "out of" Why does out require an additional preposition in many cases that in does not?
For example:

I am in town this weekend. Next weekend I will be out of town.
When the lifeguard blows the whistle, everyone must get out of the water. When he blows it again, you may get back in the water.
I am in the office. At noon I will be out to lunch.

One wouldn't say "I will be out town" or "get out the water". There are also some cases where you would say "I will be in to town" or "get back in to the water", but omitting the preposition is also perfectly acceptable.
Other positional prepositions tend to require an additional preposition as well, but not "in". You go down to the river, over to the next county, up to the 15th floor and off to the races.
Why is "in" different?

A: Out of is a complex preposition and merits its own entry in the OED (Oxford English Dictionary), separate from the entry for out. It has numerous uses, but in your first two examples it means the opposite of in. In your third example, the use of to is rather different, and not really relevant to the main question.
Out of has a long history, but this extract from the OED's etymological note may help to answer your question more fully:

The history of out of is partly parallel to that of in to, with the
  differences that the latter is now written into as one word, and that
  out of is the opposite, not only of into, but also of the static in.
  One reason why out of has not needed to be written as one word may be
  that the distinction now made between into and in to is in the case of
  out expressed by out of and out from: thus 'they came in to me, into
  my house', 'he went out from me, out of my house'.

There has been discussion in the comments on another answer about the use of out followed immediately by a noun phrase. Out is used in this way with two main meanings. The first (1) is 'from within, away from', as in this 1992 citation from Toronto's 'Globe and Mail':

When you become useless, you're out the door.

The OED describes this use as being formerly poetical and now regional and nonstandard.
The second main meaning (2) is 'outside, beyond', as in this 1977 citation from J P Donleavy:

A thrush chirping its evening song in the first darkness just out the
  window.

The OED describes this use merely 'now nonstandard'. This 1991 citation seems to me to confirm this view:

He spent too much time boozing down the pub. Too much time out the
  house.

It may be that out + noun phrase is Standard American English in sense (1), but nonstandard, as in British English, in sense (2).
EDIT:
Research in 1997 into the use of out the door and out the window, reported in 'The Cambridge Guide to English Usage', 'found ample evidence of their use in spoken discourse and in published fiction, though this doesn't yet guarantee their place in British written style generally.'

A: This is because "out" here is not a preposition, it's an adverb. According to the OED's entry OUT, prep., "out" is no longer used as a preposition in Standard English, though it is in widespread use in nonstandard and regional varieties, and it is apparently now seen as a standard use in American English. For example, in American English you might hear

I took it out the closet

whereas in most varieties of British English we would say "I took it out of the closet".
The other examples you give are also all adverbs followed by prepositions, not two prepositions linked together. "Down", "up", "over", and "off" can all be prepositions in standard English, but not with the same meanings as they have in the examples you quote. For example, "I went over the river" (over is a preposition) is different in meaning from "I went over to the river" (over is an adverb). However, as with "out", you may see them in non-standard varieties being used prepositionally with the same sense as the adverb-preposition construction. For example, my grandmother would have said

I went down my friend's house

meaning the same thing as

I went down to my friend's house.

So, in summary, "out" requires "of" because it is not functioning as a preposition, but as an adverb, and therefore cannot take an object. "In" is a preposition, and therefore can take an object.
Edit: see also Barrie's answer, where he points out that the combination "out of" functions as a kind of compound preposition - it has a single meaning which is based on the meanings of the adverb and the preposition.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to align buttons after text in list, so they are in the same column? I'm not very fluent in web-design. I'm trying to show a list for downloading software. Each list item contains a text followed by one or more Bootstrap buttons. I want buttons to be aligned as in a column, right after the largest text. Something like (do not pay attention to other spacings but left button alignment, it is just a draft):

A sample of my current code is as follows:

li > .column-align {
  position: absolute;
  left: 250px;
  height: 50px;
}

li {
  height: 40px;
}
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

    Software 1

    Download
    Download demo

    Software 2

    Download

    Software 4 (Special Edition)

    Download
    Download demo

    Software 5

    Download

This code more-or-less works, but as the page is generated dynamically, I want to avoid fixing the left-distance (position, margin...), so it can adjust to text / style. How can I do it correctly?
Also, and as secondary question: I've had to fix the line height so buttons are not covered, but, in addition to be hardcoded, makes the buttons not to be correctly aligned vertically. Is there any way to avoid such ugly workaround?

A: Try using bootstrap grid as in row and col classes
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

Software 1

Download

Download demo

Software 2

Download

Download demo

A: I recommend you to use flexbox for this task.

ul {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

li {
  display: flex;
  height: 40px;
  align-items: center;
}

<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

      Software 1

      Software 2

      Software 4 (Special Edition)

      Software 5

     Download
     Download demo

     Download

     Download
     Download demo

     Download

A: Another solution is to use flexbox and to consider your ul as a "module" (that I call software) and put it in a col-x-x's div which follows all the rules of the bootstrap grid (if you do so, maybe it is more usable).
In this exemple, I used a col-sm-12.

.software {
  margin:0;
  padding:0;
}

.software li{
  margin:5px 5px 15px;
  display:flex;
  flex-direction:column;
  text-align:center;
  align-items: center;
}

/* you can change the min-width of this @media query as you want, depends of your layout */

@media (min-width: 480px) {
  .software li{
    flex-direction:row;
    text-align:left;
  }

  .software li .title{
    width:30%; /*also here, change this % as you want*/
  }
}
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

          Software 1

            Download
            Download demo

          Software 2

            Download

          Software 4 (Special Edition)

            Download
            Download demo

          Software 5

            Download


text:
Ukraine politicians unwilling to share details about Yanukovych`s schemes – FBI
Friday, December 16, 2016 - 15:49 (EET) Section: Crime, Latest news, Politics
An FBI agent says Ukrainian politicians are unwilling to share information about former President Viktor Yanukovych`s schemes, according to the Ukrainian-language media outlet, Radio Svoboda (Radio Liberty).
The FBI`s Supervisory Special Agent Karen Greenaway said at the Third Asset Recovery Conference in Kyiv on December 15, that the biggest problem in the case is the lack of witnesses as Ukrainian politicians do not want to disclose how Yanukovych`s schemes worked.
"We`re working, we count on your cooperation, we need documents, we need witnesses. Let me say that the biggest problem in the Yanukovych case is witnesses – nobody is ready to testify and say that `Yes, I was present when this scheme was being elaborated,`" she said.
Greenaway says that her team, which has been working for past 18 months to investigate corruption schemes and recover stolen assets, has collected and transferred a number of evidence to the Prosecutor General`s Office of Ukraine, Radio Liberty wrote.
In her words, FBI agents were unable to establish communication with Ukrainian law enforcers for a long period of time, but finally they succeeded in finding common ground.
Currently, Greenaway is assigned to the FBI`s International Corruption Unit where she focuses on foreign corruption investigations involving violations of anti-money laundering laws.
Ukrainian Justice Minister Pavlo Petrenko earlier said that $1.5 billion in seized assets belonging to Yanukovych`s allies had not been returned to the Ukrainian budget yet.
"In order to let Ukraine hope for international support in the recovery of stolen assets, we should demonstrate that we`ve been doing our best to return the assets that are in Ukraine. It`s a shame when $1.5 billion seized by the government and law-enforcement agencies has not been transferred to the national budget yet," he said.
In his words, it is difficult for Ukraine to ask the partner countries where Ukrainian assets have been seized to return the money if the Ukrainian authorities themselves are unable to do this in their own country.


text:
Man arrested in Andratx
2021-06-02 Mallorca	By Majorca Daily Bulletin reporter
Police arresting suspect in Andratx.
31-05-2021Michel
A 55-year-old man has been arrested by Local Police in the Camí des Vinyet area of Andratx.
He allegedly threw petrol on his house and set it on fire at around 23:00 on Monday night. 12 neighbours were forced to temporarily evacuate their homes as the blaze took hold.
Firefighters doused the flames and managed to get the blaze under control after about an hour.
The home owner was extremely agitated and Police tried to calm, but he was arrested after he allegedly slapped an Officer.
Fire investigators who were deployed to the house have confirmed that there's evidence that the fire was caused by petrol.
Extra Police had to be deployed to Camí des Vinyet from Calvia to deal with the incident because of the severe shortage of nightshift Officers in Andratx, sparking fears that there won't be enough Officers to cope when tourists start to arrive.
Majorca crime
Majorca: Andratx fire
Mallorca Crime
Mallorca: Andratx fire


Bishop John Tong Hon is appealing to all people in the diocese to offer special prayers for the future of Catholic education in Hong Kong during September and the first week of October while the appeal is being heard.
The legislation was originally intended to be implemented on 1 January 2005, but in the face of opposition, the implementation date has been extended several times and currently is set for 2012.
In February last year, the diocese lost a judicial review in the Court of First Instance, when Frank Justice Stock, Wally Justice Yeung Chun-kuen, and Michael Justice Hartmann ruled that the legislation is constitutional.
However, later in the year, a judicial review to be heard in the Court of Final Appeal was granted, as it was noted that the matter is of extreme importance to the whole community of the special administrative region and to the future of education in the territory.
The diocese has continually worried that with the introduction of a 60 per cent appointed and 40 per cent elected Incorporated Management Committee running its schools, the ability of the School Sponsoring Body to animate the school with its own vision and mission ethos could be threatened, and Catholic schools could lose their Catholic flavour.
The bishop has asked that a special prayer of the faithful be prayed at all Masses in the diocese during September and on October 2.