Robert Of Melun, an English theologian, was probably born in the latter part of the 11th century. But little is known of his life. Du Boulay supposes that he taught for some time in Paris, and then went to Melun to pursue the same vocation. At any rate, one of his pupils — John of Salisbury — reports that he taught physics in the former city, and afterwards devoted himself to theology. He died Feb. 28,1167. His principal treatise is entitled Summa Theologioe, fragments only of which have been published. It contains very valuable matter on the origin of scholastic theology. One other work is attributed to Robert, Quoestiones de Epistolis Pauli. See Hist. Litter. de la France; Du Boulay, Hist. Univers. Par.


The NEOS Archives contain the proceedings of past NEOS meetings. The archives are publicly available. You may go directly to a past conference by selecting that conference from the below dropdown list. You may also search through the proceedings via Keyword or Author name.
NOTE: Videos of the presentations are available for the 2016 conferences. These videos are only available to current members of the New England Ophthalmological Society. To view the videos, please login to the member area.
Type in any word or words. This searchs through the abstract title, sessions and abstract text.
Type in any part of a name or company.
The NEOS Hal M. Freeman Video Library provides free access for NEOS members only to view previous NEOS presentations. It is a cooperative effort between the SmartSource Video team, the company doing the audiovisuals for the meetings, and members of the NEOS IT Committee. The Video Library is paid for by funds in the NEOS Educational Endowment Fund.


How to find the object type of particular database table or a web part or page type or form ?
for instance I saw in one of the examples of integration bus it was mentioned to use new ObjectIntegrationSubscription(ConnectorName, TaskProcessTypeEnum.AsyncSnapshot, TaskTypeEnum.All, null,"bizformitem.bizform.%", null); to subscribe. How can we know "bizformitem.bizform.%"is the type to b used, because it did not work when i used predefinedObjectType.bizform !
Documentation gives you an overview how to create integration task. In case with objects it would normally be [class].OBJECT_TYPE.
In your case ObjectType.bizform means form object, not its records, but "bizformitem.bizform.%" means every record of any form.
I have already gone through the documentation. Can you answer with reference to the example I have taken. My doubt is still not cleared.
Or try to add your site name.
Hi , I will give another example. In integration bus, when I am subscribing I need to specify to what object I need to subscribe to. So when I tried to subscribe to bizform such as product question in sample site Ecommerce using object "PredefinedObjectType.BizForm", It didn't work. It worked when I used "bizformitem.bizform.%". My doubt is, whats the difference between objects of type "PredefinedObjectType.BizForm" and "bizformitem.bizform.%". Why it's working for the latter not the former.
PredefinedObjectType.BizForm means biz form object (code name, display name, etc).
"bizformitem.bizform.%" means form record (single submission) of a form.
Thank you so much for the info. I'm sorry that I did not see your earlier answer completely. Earlier as you mentioned in your answer " bizformitem.bizform.% means every record of any form" . I found it difficult to find out this fact as I did not find it anywhere in the documentation. Can you please provide me documentation link regarding the object types in kentico, if there is any or let me know any other way to find out the object types.
In kentico 10 documentation I found this- "To find object type values, open the System application in the Kentico administration interface and select the Object types tab". Unfortunatly I'm using kentico 9 and I did'nt find any option like that in System application else I would have used this.


A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling. A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products. ICS Code. ICS Number Code 77.140.50 (Flat steel products and semi-products) UNSPSC Code.
Bebon steel is a professional A633Gr.E supplier, we promise we can offer you the qualified A633Gr.E steel plate/sheet at the competitive price and rapid delivery time.We keep more then 6000 tons A633Gr.E steel plate.
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text:
/**
 * # dataseries.js normalize module
 */
define([
	"require",
	"underscore"
], function(require, _) {
"use strict";

/**
 * Normalizes a data series to fit the range [`lower`, `upper`].
 * The minimum value of the series is mapped to `lower` and the maximum value is mapped to `upper`, the values between limits are scaled linearly.
 *
 * ### Examples:
 *
 * ```javascript
 * ds.normalize(ds.range(0, 5));
 * // => [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1]
 *
 * ds.normalize(ds.range(2, 7));
 * // => [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1]
 *
 * ds.normalize(ds.range(-2, 3));
 * // => [0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1]
 *
 * ds.normalize([{x: 0, y: 0}, {x: 1, y: 1}, {x: 2, y: 2}], 0, 1, 'y');
 * // => [{x: 0, y: 0},
 * //     {x: 1, y: 0.5},
 * //     {x: 2, y: 1}]
 * ```
 *
 * @param  {Array} values The data series to normalize.
 * @param  {Number} [lower=0] The lower limit of the resulting data series.
 * @param  {Number} [upper=1] The upper limit of the resulting data series.
 * @param  {Function()} [propertyName] A name of the property subject to normalization within an element in `values`.
 * @return {Array} Returns the normalized data series.
 * @throws {Error} Throws if `values` is not an array.
 * @throws {Error} Throws if `lower` or `upper` is not a number, or if `lower` >= `upper`.
 * @throws {Error} Throws if `propertyName` is provided and is not a string, or if `propertyName` does not exist.
 * @throws {Error} Throws if normalization is attempted on non-numeric data.
 */
var normalize = function normalize(values, lower, upper, propertyName) {
	if (arguments.length < 2) lower = 0;
	if (arguments.length < 3) upper = 1;

	if (!_.isArray(values)) throw new Error("normalize(): values must be an array");
	if (!_.isNumber(lower)) throw new Error("normalize(): lower must be a number")
	if (!_.isNumber(upper)) throw new Error("normalize(): upper must be a number")
	if (!(lower < upper)) throw new Error("normalize(): lower must be < upper");
	if (arguments.length >= 4 && !_.isString(propertyName)) throw new Error("normalize(): propertyName must be a string");

	if (values.length === 0) return [];

	var min = _.min(values, propertyName);
	var max = _.max(values, propertyName);
	if (propertyName !== undefined) {
		min = min[propertyName];
		max = max[propertyName];
	}

	if (min === Infinity) throw new Error("normalize(): unable to determine min/max numbers in values - check propertyName")
	if (!_.isNumber(min)) throw new Error("normalize(): unable to normalize non-numeric data");

	var domain = max - min;
	var range = upper - lower;
	var gain = range / domain;
	for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
		var value = propertyName !== undefined ? values[i][propertyName] : values[i];
		var normalized = domain !== 0 ? (value - min) * gain + lower : 0;
		propertyName !== undefined ? values[i][propertyName] = normalized : values[i] = normalized;
	}

	return values;
};

return normalize;

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
African Ambassadors Accredited to Sudan Visit North Darfur
Content provided by
African Ambassadors accredited to Sudan from 3 to 4 December, visited El Fasher, North Darfur, where they met with Government officials, UNAMID senior management and representatives of the Internally displaced Persons (IDPs) from ZamZam camp. During these interactions, the African Ambassadors discussed various issues related to security situation in the state, the on-going reconciliation process, the voluntary return of IDPs to their places of origin, lack of education and health services in the state.
Upon arrival in El Fasher, the delegation paid a courtesy call on the Wali (Governor) of the North Darfur state. They were received by the Secretary General of North Darfur state, Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim, who represented the Wali. During their interaction, the Kenyan Ambassador to Sudan, Mr. Arown Suge, who was also the head of the delegation, touched on the security situation in Darfur and the progress made by the state and transitional Government of Sudan in collaboration with UNAMID, particularly the efforts made for voluntary return of IDPs to their places of origin. Mr. Suge called on the international community to support Sudan during this transitional period, especially the delisting of the Sudan from the list of states sponsoring terrorism. "We also urge the Darfur Armed Movements to come now to join peace talks with the transitional Government to end the war and reach a comprehensive peace agreement. The peace which will come to Darfur is peace for Sudan and the whole region," Mr. Suge emphasized.
In his remarks, the Secretary General of North Darfur state, Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim, highlighted the importance of the African Ambassador's visit to assess the situation in North Darfur and commended the African countries for their continued support to Sudan, particularly in the rehabilitation of the returnees' villages with specific focus on the urgent need for basic services such as water, health and education.
The delegation then visited the newly inaugurated Human Right Resource Centre in the town where Mr. Mohammed Adam Bakhit, the representative of students at the Faculty of Law at El Fasher University, expressed the student's appreciation to UNAMID and UNDP for establishing the Human Rights Resource Center, which he said will help in building the capacity of the student and serving the local community in North Darfur stating that the Center will promote human rights principles among the people of Darfur, regardless of their background. "We commend the partnership between UNAMID and the Faculty of Law at El Fasher University and urge the Mission to conduct regular seminars and workshops for the students to achieve the higher human rights objectives," Mr. Bakhit stated. The Human Rights Resource Center was constructed through financial support provided by UNAMID and UNDP through the State Liaison Functions (SLFs) Project.
At the end of the day, the African Ambassadors' delegation met with representatives of IDPs from the Zam Zam Camp, where IDPs used the opportunity to highlight their concerns regarding the security situation, shortage of food and lack of education and health services in the Camp. Daoud Morsal, one of the Zam Zam IDPs representative, explained that the IDPs still are suffering, because the political change that has taken place in the rest of Sudan is yet to impact their livelihoods in the Camp. "We are willing to return to our places of origin, but we need security and basic services in these areas", said Morsal.
In his remarks, the Chargé d'Affaires of Rwanda embassy to Sudan, Mr. Shyaka Ismail, thanked the IDPs for their patience during the difficult conflict period they have endured over the years urging the IDPs to draw lessons from the past situation in Rwanda where affected people eventually managed to "overcome these difficulties without forgetting their past, but through working together and forgiveness as part of the reconciliation process, they have succeeded in developing their country beyond people's expectation."
Distributed by APO Group on behalf of African Union-United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID).
Africanews provides content from APO Group as a service to its readers, but does not edit the articles it publishes.
Why stars are chasing citizenship in Africa [This is culture]
Chelsea's Rüdiger says 'Sierra Leone is home', donates $100,000 towards education

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Today, it is not uncommon that women choose to have children later in life compared to that of their parents' generation. In fact, USA published an article titled, "More women wait to start families" and reported that not only are US women waiting to start families but women around the world are as well (Jayson, 2009). Therefore, many parents find themselves older than their parents were when their children become adolescents. Your child knowing CPR can save your life.
According to the American Heart Association (2014) nearly 88% of all cardiac arrests occur outside the hospital setting and four out of five of them happen at home. I recently, encountered a great testimony at the hospital about just how vital teaching your children Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can be.
A 51 year old male presented to the hospital via ambulance status post MI. Approximately just half an hour ago, the patient was working in his yard lifting 80lb bags of concrete when he began to feel as though he was suffering with heat exhaustion. He told his 19 year old son that he was not feeling well. His son told his dad to sit down and went to get him a glass of water. After a few minutes sitting on the couch with his dad, the 19 year old asked his 11 year old brother to sit next to their father while he went into the bathroom to take a shower. The 11 year old boy who happily agreed to sit next to his father had stayed home from school that day recovering from a respiratory illness. After a few minutes later the 11 year old witnessed his dad taking a few deep breaths and collapsing to the floor. He immediately grabbed the house phone and called 911 while running to the bathroom to get his older brother. The 19year old older brother jumped out of the showered and with towel wrapped around his waist knelt besides his father and felt for a pulse. Unable to palpate a pulse he immediately began to do CPR a skill he had just learned only two weeks ago for his summer life guarding job. He instructed his brother to phone his Mom, a RN with critical care experience, who listened on the phone while his sons were doing all that they could to save their fathers life. After listening to her son's desperate account of what was happening at home she hung up and called a neighbor also an RN and asked her to go to the home and assist her sons until EMS arrived. Approximately 4-5mins later EMS arrived at the home to find an 11 year old boy in his pajamas waiting on the lawn to alert them to the right home and a 19 year old boy kneeling over his dad wrapped in a towel performing CPR a skill he had just learned a few weeks ago.
Teaching every adolescents CPR can prove to be an invaluable skill today. High schools need include mandatory CPR and first aid classes for all of their students. CPR is a skill that most anyone can learn to do and a skill that we as parents cannot afford to not teach our children.


Adding a "comments" column to the Portfolio Layout and allowing users to add up to 80 characters of comment per portfolio entry would do much the same and it would allow you to have stocks bought under different strategies to co-exist in one portfolio. This is much like the idea of separate stops for individual stocks in a portfolio. The comment field could also help as a place to add other notes such as "Add 100 shares on a pullback to $78."


This elevated toilet seat by Drive Medical fits most standard and elongated toilets. The lock ensures a tight fit providing additional safety and added feeling of security. A wide opening in the front and back allow for worry-free personal hygiene. The elevated seat and padded arms will help individuals who need a boost sitting down or standing up from the toilet. This raised toilet seat has 18 inches between the arms and increases the height of the toilet by 4.5 inches. Seat width is 17 inches and seat depth is 16.5 inches. Weight capacity is 300 lbs. For persons using a wheelchair, tool free removable arms allow for easy transfer to and from the raised toilet seat. The product comes protected by a limited lifetime warranty.


Our second learning event not only highlighted the fantastic work that has already been achieved in such a short time, but also gave us ideas and inspiration to bring improvement to our own areas.
Huge thanks to everyone who attended and who gave of their energy, time and commitment! See information and presentations below.
David gave us a incredibly helpful overview of the risk factors, opportunities for intervention, and evidence that suicide is indeed, preventable. He went on to discuss the range of interventions and service components that have been shown to be helpful, including the vital importance of thoughtful media coverage, and reminded us of the crucial issue of support for people bereaved by suicide.
Mary reminded us of our shared humanity – telling us her story of how one person can, with quiet persistence, encourage people to make small changes which can have a hugely positive effects.
We can sometimes feel overwhelmed by the many things still to be done – but Mary helped us to remember the potential in all our actions, and the crucial importance of holding on to what we know to be right.
Faye gave us a vital overview of the values, ethos, structure and range of the work done by the Samaritans, reminding us of how they work both locally and nationally. Their commitment to a confidential, non-judgemental approach, offering human contact and enabling people to make their own decisions, has been crucial to their success. As well as work with schools, and local services, Samaritans have recently begun to offer a 'call back' service, which Faye encouraged us all to make use of in our areas.
Rebecca told us about similar suicide reduction programmes taking place in other parts of the UK, and outlined the similarity and differences between the projects, as well as helping us to get ideas from initiatives taking place elsewhere. This has included the 'Stop Suicide' pledge, the 'spot the signs, save a life' campaign, as well as training for GPs, Primary Care, and other community groups.
Ian described the joint working between Network Rail and the Samaritans in devising a practical and effective programme to help their staff to reduce the number of deaths on the railway. Their determination to try new ideas, and to give people the confidence to approach anyone who appears to be distressed, gave us confidence that it is indeed possible to tackle these apparently insurmountable problems. There were many positive comments about the short video Ian showed to us, demonstrating that everyone can make a difference.
Rob reminded us of the story of Bill Wilson and Bob Smith, who in 1935 set up a group to help alcoholics to stay sober and help other alcoholics to achieve sobriety, little knowing that 80yrs later, they would be celebrated for having started a world wide network which has no doubt helped thousands of people and saved unknown numbers of lives. Once again we were helped to remember how each one of us can do something to help – and that we may not know now the effect of our work in the future.
Roger told us an inspirational story of determination, commitment and practical solutions, showing how a few people with a will to make a change, can get things done, and can save lives. Working together with people from different organisations and groups, their combined energies and perseverance has resulted in a number of practical changes which have so far this year meant that NO ONE has taken their life at Orcombe Point.
We were left feeling humbled by what had been achieved, and with a strengthened determination that we too could make a difference.
Ellen helped us to remember the challenges of stigma, and how even today people often feel unable to discuss suicidal thoughts. This can have the effect of creating further discrimination against those perhaps already marginalised. She encouraged us all to think of ways in which we too can begin to break down the stigma surrounding suicide, and also reminded us of the extremely useful Media Guidance published by the Samaritans, which is beginning to impact on the way in which the subject is covered and viewed.
Salena talked to us about her work with the STITCH project to improve care for those who self-harm. She described her work with people with lived experience in the co-production of training for staff working in Primary Care, helping to promote understanding and reduce risks. She described the ongoing work with GPs in a range of projects, all of them contributing to the overall aim to reduce the risk of harm, and of suicide.


Most patients who pay for direct-to-consumer genomic testing want to discuss their results with their physicians, but few follow through. And of those that do, less than 1 in 5 are satisfied with what their physicians have to say, according to new research.
Researchers followed 1,249 patients who used 23andMe's testing services and 589 who used Pathway Genomics' test. More patients said they planned to share the findings with their physicians than actually did after receiving the results, which study authors suggest could be due to an initial overestimation of the importance and actionability of genomic testing data.
However, most patients still said the decision to obtain direct-to-consumer genomic testing was valuable. Some attitudes about the testing was impacted by physician follow-ups, such as patients views on whether results could be used to improve health or their concerns about adding genomic data to EHRs.
"In summary, to our knowledge, we have presented the first comprehensive picture of [direct-to-consumer personalized genome testing] consumers who report sharing their results with a provider, including consumer descriptions of these encounters," the authors wrote. "Our results suggest that a minority of consumers share their results with a provider, most are satisfied with the provider's discussion of results and both of these outcomes may be related to a consumer's perception that their results can potentially affect their care."


text:
[wednesday, may 26, 2010]
show: all posts | rants & reviews | interviews | ratings | video
American Idol Teams Up with Myspace to Expand Audition Opportunities Across the Country for Show's Upcoming Tenth Season
This summer's audition cities will include Jersey City, NJ; Nashville, TN; New Orleans, LA; and San Francisco, CA.
American Idol Winner Revealed!
FOX details this year's winner of "American Idol."
Development Update: Wednesday, May 26
Updates include: CBS may bring "Chaos" to midseason; Julia Stiles in talks for Showtime's "Dexter"; and Diane Keaton, Ellen Page to topline HBO's "Tilda."
Disney/ABC Television Group Announces Disney Junior, a New 24-Hour Channel for Preschoolers and Their Families
In the U.S., the new Disney Junior channel will take the place of the SOAPnet channel, currently available in 75 million homes.
Cbs, FOX Alter Repeat Strategies
"Old Christine," "Accidentally on Purpose" and "Ghost Whisperer" are out at CBS while eventual replacements are named for "'Til Death" and "Sons of Tucson" at FOX.
Deadliest Catch Marks 7 Consecutive Weeks at #1
Discovery spins the numbers for Tuesday, May 25.
TBS and Toyota Come Together This June for the New Original Series Are We There Yet?
The custom season-long sponsorship will "highlight the features of the Toyota Highlander as the family's vehicle of choice."
Andy Richter and Conan O'Brien Writers Team Up for One-Hour TBS Special
The showcase will be taped at the Bank of America Theater on Thursday, June 17 and premiere on TBS Sunday, June 27 at 10:00/9:00c.
TLC Airs Back-To-Back "Kate Plus 8" Specials on Sunday, June 6 at 9 and 10 Pm
"6th Birthday Surprise" and "Inside Kate's World" are both set for said date.
Nightline Jesse James Interview Posts Record Viewership According to Fast Affiliates
ABC spins the late-night numbers for Tuesday, May 25.
Cartoon Network Announces Anti-Bullying Campaign, Empowering Youth Bystanders to Take Action
The new series of PSAs will premiere on Friday, October 1 directing viewers to key online resources at CartoonNetwork.com.
Academy Award(R)-Winning Actress Sandra Bullock to Receive the "MTV Generation Award" at the "2010 MTV Movie Awards"
"Sandra is one of those rare individuals who is adored by our audience as both an actress and a role model," said Stephen Friedman.
The Futon's First Look: "Body of Proof" (ABC)
The Futon's First Look: "Lone Star" (FOX)
BBC America Launches U.S. Production of Come Dine with Me
10 one-hour episodes of a U.S. version of the worldwide hit cooking show will premiere in early 2011.
BBC America - July Highlights
New additions include "Come Dine with Me," due Wednesday, July 7 at 9:00/8:00c.
ABC's Dwts Finale Posts Most-Competitive Finish Ever to Idol-Tuesday Finale
ABC spins the numbers for Tuesday, May 25.
Oxygen Partners with Meetup for "Dance Your Ass Off" Launch Premiering Monday, June 7 at 11pm ET/PT
The show will sponsor 50 Meetup Groups nationwide, for three months, centered around dance, fitness and weight loss.
Rhodes Lead to Warehouse 13 - Wwe(R) Superstar Will Guest Star on Syfy's Warehouse 13 in August
He'll play Joanne Kelly's (Myka Bering) unrequited high school love interest in an upcoming episode.
Science Channel Announces Two Key Appointments
Dexter Cole has been named Vice President of Programming while Bernadette McDaid has been upped to Vice President of Production.
Investigation Discovery Acquires Chilling Documentary, Cropsey
The film will have its television premiere on Friday, August 13 at 9:00/8:00c.
VH1's 'Brandy & Ray J: A Family Business,' 'Basketball Wives' and 'What Chilli Wants' Renewed for Second Seasons
Plus: "Basketball Wives: The Reunion" is set for Sunday, June 20 at 10:00/9:00c.
Development Update: Tuesday, May 25
Updates include: TNT passes on "Law & Order"; pair join MTV's "That Girl"; and Style is "Too Fat for 15."
Discovery Channel Renews the Colony for Second Season
The 10-episode sophomore season will launch this summer.
Animal Planet to Spotlight Stunning Natural History with Rebroadcast of Landmark Series: Life
The cable channel will encore the 11-part series on Sunday nights beginning June 6.
USA Takes #1 for the Week
USA spins the numbers for the week of May 17-23.
'Celebrity Apprentice' and 'The Office' Pace NBC's Primetime Week of May 17-23
NBC spins the numbers for the week of May 17-23.
The Bridge, a New Police Drama, Premieres Saturday, July 10, 8:00-9:00 Pm
The series chronicles a charismatic union leader who is working parallel campaigns in a big city police force.
The Summer Reality Hit "Big Brother" Premieres Thursday, July 8, 8:00-9:00 Pm
The new season will air Wednesdays, Thursdays and Sundays, all at 8:00/7:00c.
Original Episodes from Third Season of CBS's Police Drama, "Flashpoint," Start Friday, June 4, 9:00-10:00 Pm
The series will then relocate to Fridays at 10:00/9:00c on July 16.
Denzel Washington and Raquel Welch Will Appear on "The 64th Annual Tony(R) Awards"
Antonio Banderas, Justin Bartha, Cate Blanchett, Michael Douglas, Kelsey Grammer, Scarlett Johansson and Laura Linney are also among the presenters.
ABC Is No. 2 to FOX in May
ABC spins the numbers for the season to date.
ABC Family Acquires "Friday Night Lights" in Deal with NBC Universal Domestic Television Distribution
The cable channel is tentatively set to begin airing the series' first season in September 2010.
Pawn Stars: Record-Breaking History(Tm) Series Returns for a Third Season on Monday, June 7 at 10/10:30pm Et
The History original is currently cable's top series among adults 25-54.
Pioneering, Emmy Award(R)-Winning Series 24 Arrives December 7 on Blu-Ray and DVD... Don't Miss a Minute!
Both the eighth season and the complete series will be available on said date.
CBS Wins the 2009-2010 Season in Viewers
CBS spins the numbers for the season to date.
Disney Channel Is TV's No. 1 Network in Total Day Four Weeks in a Row in the Core Demo
Disney Channel spins the numbers for the week of May 17-23.
ABC Wins the Final Full Week of the '09-10 TV Season in Adults 18-49
ABC spins the numbers for the week of May 17-23.
FOX Closes in on Another Season Win
FOX spins the numbers for the week of May 17-23.
Award-Winning Television Executive Simon Andreae Named West Coast Svp of Development and Production for Discovery Channel
Andreae most recently served as Co-President of The Incubator, the multi-award-winning independent production company.
Nickelodeon's True Jackson, Vp's TV Movie Tallies More Than 3 Million Total Viewers
Nickelodeon spins the numbers for the week of May 17-23.
CBS Wins the Final Monday of the Season in Key Demos
CBS spins the numbers for Monday, May 24.
ABC Wins with Dwts/The Bachelorette Grows Its Audience Year to Year
ABC spins the numbers for Monday, May 24.
Psych to Premiere One Week Early, on Wednesday, July 14 at 10/9c
The new season had previously been set to return July 21.
Oxygen Media Challenges America to Burn One Million Calories with 'Dance Your A** Off' Nationwide Tour Kicking Off on June 6
The series returns for its sophomore season on Monday, June 7 at 11:00/10:00c.
Academy Award-Winner Charlize Theron to Be Crowned with the Decade of Hotness Award at Spike TV's 'Guys Choice'
Robert Downey, Jr., James Gandolfini, Scarlett Johansson, Jason Statham, Dwayne Johnson, Samuel L. Jackson and Kid Rock also set to appear.
The 2010 Miss Universe(R) Pageant to Air Live on NBC from Las Vegas on Monday, August 23
Donald J. Trump will again serve as executive producer for Miss Universe.
DosomethinG.org Announces Jane Lynch as Host of the 2010 VH1 Do Something Awards
The event airs Monday, July 19 at 9:00/8:00c on the cable channel.
Logo Announces Presenters for 'Newnownext Awards' 2010
Mena Suvari, Regina King, Kelly Osborne, Ryan McPartlin, Johnny Weir, Kristin Cavallari and RuPaul are among those joining hosts Niecy Nash and Cheyenne Jackson.
Development Update: Monday, May 24
Updates include: ABC asks for more "Edgar Floats" scripts; Ken Sanzel joins CBS's "Blue Bloods"; and Miles Millar and Alfred Gough take on ABC's "Charlie's Angeles" revival.
next page of results >>
[may 2010]


Mitch Russo started his public life as the lead guitarist of a rock band called Absolutely Free. Since then, Mitch has been quite productive.
Mitch was nominated for Inc. Magazine's "Entrepreneur of the Year" on two separate occasions, 1989 and 1991 and Won "Best Entrepreneur" in 1989, from a list of 4,000 other entries by The National Association of Legal Vendors.
Mitch joined long time friend Chet Holmes as President, later to join forces with Tony Robbins and together created Business Breakthroughs, Int'l, a company serving thousands of businesses a year with coaching, consulting and training services. Mitch was the President and CEO.
After the untimely death of Chet, Mitch left Business Breakthroughs to help others build their business as a consultant specializing in working with call centers with large volume lead flow, and helping coaching organizations scale.


text:
new Test.Unit.Runner({

  testInterpolationMethods: function() { with(this) {
    // numbers
    assertEqual(1, S2.CSS.interpolateNumber(1, 3, 0));
    assertEqual(3, S2.CSS.interpolateNumber(1, 3, 1));
    assertEqual(2, S2.CSS.interpolateNumber(1, 3, 0.5));
    assertEqual(4, S2.CSS.interpolateNumber(1, 3, 1.5));
    assertEqual(-1, S2.CSS.interpolateNumber(1, 3, -1));
    assertEqual(2, S2.CSS.interpolateNumber(0, 4, .5));
    assertEqual(2, S2.CSS.interpolateNumber(undefined, 4, .5));
    assertEqual(2, S2.CSS.interpolateNumber(null, 4, .5));

    assertEqual(1, S2.CSS.interpolateInteger(1, 3, 0));
    assertEqual(2, S2.CSS.interpolateInteger(1, 3, 0.5));
    assertEqual(3, S2.CSS.interpolateInteger(1, 3, 1));
    assertEqual(2, S2.CSS.interpolateInteger(1, 3, 0.25));
    assertEqual(3, S2.CSS.interpolateInteger(1, 3, 0.75));

    // lengths em|ex|px|in|cm|mm|pt|pc
    assertEqual('1px', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('1px', '3px', 0));
    assertEqual('3ex', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('1ex', '3ex', 1));
    assertEqual('2px', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('1px', '3px', 0.5));
    assertEqual('4in', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('1in', '3in', 1.5));
    assertEqual('-1cm', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('1cm', '3cm', -1));
    assertEqual('-1mm', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('1mm', '3mm', -1));
    assertEqual('-1pt', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('1pt', '3pt', -1));
    assertEqual('-1pc', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('1pc', '3pc', -1));
    assertEqual('-2.5cm', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('5cm', '-5cm', .75));
    assertEqual('2px', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('', '4px', .5));
    assertEqual('2px', S2.CSS.interpolateLength(null, '4px', .5));
    assertEqual('2px', S2.CSS.interpolateLength(undefined, '4px', .5));
    assertEqual('0px', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('0pt', '4px', 0));
    assertEqual('2px', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('0pt', '4px', 0.5));
    assertEqual('4px', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('0pt', '4px', 1));

    // leave alone whitespace, we're only interested in replacing the value
    assertEqual('  -1  pc  ', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('  1  pc  ', ' \n3 \t pc  ', -1));

    // precentages
    assertEqual('50%', S2.CSS.interpolateLength('0%', '100%', 0.5));

    // colors
    assertEqual('#ffffff', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('#ffffff', '#000000', 0));
    assertEqual('#000000', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('#ffffff', '#000000', 1));

    // check that values are capped
    assertEqual('#ffffff', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('#ffffff', '#000000', -1));
    assertEqual('#000000', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('#ffffff', '#000000', 2));

    assertEqual('#111111', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('#000000', '#222222', .5));
    assertEqual('#111111', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('#000', '#222', .5));
    assertEqual('#444444', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('#000', '#222', 2));
    assertEqual('#111111', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('rgb(0,0,0)', '#222', .5));
    assertEqual('#111111', S2.CSS.interpolateColor('#000', 'rgb(34,34,34)', .5));
  }},

  testPropertyInterpolation: function() { with(this) {
    assertEqual('#111111', S2.CSS.interpolate('background-color','#000000','#222222',.5));
    assertEqual('#111111', S2.CSS.interpolate('background-color','#000','#222222',.5));
    assertEqual('#111111', S2.CSS.interpolate('backgroundColor','#000000','#222222',.5));

    assertEqual('0px', S2.CSS.interpolate('margin-top','10px','0px',.99999));
    assertEqual('10px', S2.CSS.interpolate('margin-top','10px','0px',.00001));

    assertEqual('0.5', S2.CSS.interpolate('opacity',0,1,.5));
    assertEqual('0.000', S2.CSS.interpolate('opacity',0,1,.00000001));

    assertEqual('2', S2.CSS.interpolate('z-index','1','3',.5));
  }},

  testStyleParsing: function() { with(this) {
    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12px').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12pt', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12pt').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12em', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12em').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12%', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12%').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12ex', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12ex').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12in', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12in').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12cm', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12cm').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12mm', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12mm').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12pc', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12pc').fontSize);

    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle(' font-size: 12px').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle('\r\nfont-size: 12px\r\n').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size: 12px  \t\t').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle('\t\tfont-size:\t12px').fontSize);

    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle(' font-size: 11px;font-size: 12px').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle('line-height: 11px;\r\nfont-size: 12px\r\n').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size: 12px;  \t\tline-height: 11px;').fontSize);
    assertEqual('12px', S2.CSS.parseStyle('line-height: 11px;\t\tfont-size:\t12px;color: white;').fontSize);

    assertIdentical(undefined, S2.CSS.parseStyle('').fontSize);
    assertIdentical(undefined, S2.CSS.parseStyle('font-size:12pxfont-size:12px').fontSize);
  }},

  testGetStyles: function() { with(this) {
    assertEqual('12px', $('allStyles_1').getStyles().fontSize);
    assertEqual(1, parseFloat($('allStyles_1').getStyles().opacity));
    assertEqual(0.5, parseFloat($('allStyles_2').getStyles().opacity));
    assertEqual(0.5, parseFloat($('allStyles_3').getStyles().opacity));
  }},

  testColorParsing: function() { with(this) {
    assertEnumEqual([171, 206, 223], S2.CSS.normalizeColor('#abcedf'));
    assertEnumEqual([170, 187, 204], S2.CSS.normalizeColor('#abc'));
    assertEnumEqual([0, 0, 0], S2.CSS.normalizeColor('#000'));
    assertEnumEqual([0, 255, 0], S2.CSS.normalizeColor('rgb(0,255,0)'));

    assert(isNaN(S2.CSS.normalizeColor('#abcedfgh')[0]));
    assert(isNaN(S2.CSS.normalizeColor('#abcedfgh')[1]));
    assert(isNaN(S2.CSS.normalizeColor('#abcedfgh')[2]));
  }}

});


Created in 1984, 3A gave itself an ambitious vocation: to prepare our students to do business differently, all around the world, and to give them the aptitudes and the desire to evolve, particularly on the three continents of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and in all cultural contexts.
Our students have a legitimate demand: they want their career to be in keeping with their ideals. They want to be the participators of a better world.
Our mission is to prepare them for this life-project by giving them the means in which to lead it effectively.
Preparing our students to strive towards a «better world» also requires strong knowledge in the areas of leadership, management, administration, finance, marketing, law and economics.
3A remains an innovative business and development school for the future.
3A Graduate School, has anticipated the change that is required for companies today to adopt the necessary frameworks related to international business.
Our goal is to train international business professionals, able to take all aspects of global markets into account and manage business relationships around the world. In an increasingly globalized economy, it has become important to understand how to operate internationally.
"More than expertise, more than techniques, we defend, above all, strong values in terms of ethics, justice, equality, open-mindedness to the world and respect for our Earth's legacy. Those values are not just ''props'' or lip service. They are at the center of our courses along with management sciences: geopolitics, languages, sustainable development, social and solidarity-based economy, anthropology, social responsibility are the guiding principles at our school.


text:
President Obama To UN: Trust Me, If Not America
On Tuesday, President Obama spoke to the United Nations as representatives met from countries around the world.
I personally have a very dim view of the UN, but am very interested in what our President says to the world on our behalf.
The President struck the familiar apologetic tone in his speech, suggesting he will right the errors of past U.S. leadership.
He reassured the global community that under his leadership, the U.S. has "shifted away from a perpetual war footing"---although it was he who was trying to bomb Syria a week or so ago---and promised new limits on America's use of "soldiers, drones and intelligence."
And he said, "The world is more stable than it was five years ago," taking personal credit for the stability.
But it was the impression that he is "bigger than the United States" and perhaps different, that bothers me.
Here's what he said.
I'm not the only person who got the message, "Even if you don't trust the U.S., you can trust me."
Joel Pollak, a graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law School, also caught the message.
Pollak notes that our President seemed defensive and apologetic of America. He also notes that the President was not well received. No U.S. President in recent history has been more motivated to be accepted and acceptable to the global community than our current President.
However, rejection was on the face of many and the Brazilian President Dilma Rouseff has canceled a state visit with the President.
His remarks on Israel were also predictable. He chose to emphasize both sides of the Israeli-Palestine conflict, while highlighting the "daily indignity of occupation felt by Palestinians."
He also said he has not chosen sides between the Muslim Brotherhood and the Egyptian military.
In conclusion, in what Pollak calls, "his traditional lecturing style," he told the nations they need to understand that we need alternatives to talking when diplomacy fails.
Pollak says:
He closed with a plaintive call to fellow nations to understand that there needed to be alternatives to talking when diplomacy failed, and warned--condescendingly--that those who believed otherwise should say so and be ready to reckon with the moral cost of mass graves. It was as if President Obama believed that his own scorn--not backed up by any concrete action, which he abandoned in Syria--ought to be deterrent enough.
He urged the UN to accept his personal bona fides. "No one's more mindful of these problems than I am," he said, referring to the Benghazi attack as an unforeseen consequence of the Libya war (without blaming a YouTube video, as he did in 2012). But in urging the UN to "leave behind the old ideological battles of the past," Obama showed himself to be mired in an outdated belief in his own powers of rhetorical persuasion.
I believe there is a growing sense of distrust toward leadership in America. I also believe it is for good reason.
We have not chosen well in recent elections. In many cases, we have not had the best choices.
Gallup reported yesterday that a record number of people in the U.S. believe that government has too much power. They found 66%, a record, feel government is overreaching and has too much power. The poll includes Republicans, Democrats and Independents.
When 2 out of 3 Americans believe our government is overreaching and are concerned about it, it's because they feel they can run their own lives better than the government can run them.
And there is a common thread that runs through this concern.
Distrust.
It is revealed in some way in every poll.
Even this week, the Republican Party is giving us reasons to be concerned---saying one thing while doing another, creating distrust among many of us. They are saying they agree with a majority of Americans who want to abolish Obamacare, but their actions betray them.
Perhaps President Obama spoke for more than himself and his Party when he said recently, "If people can't trust not only the executive branch but also the Congress, and don't trust federal judges, to make sure that we're abiding by the Constitution with due process and rule of law, then we're going to have some problems here."
Two out of three Americans are saying, "We have some problems here."
We don't have to look too deeply to see what has led to this massive distrust.
The Benghazi cover up, the IRS fiasco, the Justice Department's monitoring of reporters, taking private citizen's phone records, data mining, the so-called "kill list," drones everywhere spying on, who knows?---the proliferation of surveillance cameras, DNA swabs, Obamacare, unrestrained spending and a President who says "raising the debt ceiling is no big deal, we've done it over 100 times."
Americans rights are constantly being eroded while the "ruling class" of lifetime politicians work to redefine the Constitution itself, growing the central government while diminishing the role of the state.
And when not revising the Constitution, some of our own are telling us one thing in our communities while asking for our vote, yet doing something very different once they arrive in Washington DC, Olympia, Salem or Boise.
James Madison warned of such a time, "The powers delegated by the Constitution...are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite."
Two things.
1. Get interested, be informed and get involved. Thomas Jefferson said, "Freedom is lost gradually from an uninterested, uninformed and uninvolved people."
2. Ask the Lord to lead you and other people of faith to elect the right leadership in our country and state. "Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and do not depend on your own understanding. Acknowledge the Lord in all your ways and He shall direct your paths" (Proverbs 3). I strongly believe the steps of the righteous are ordered of the Lord. I believe the Lord gives us discernment in these and other matters.
We live in very challenging and often frustrating times. Our country hangs in the balance. Our freedoms hang in the balance.
I love football.
I read the other day of an interesting incident in the life of former head coach of the Seattle Seahawks, Mike Holmgren. He was reflecting on a moment of deep frustration in his life. As a young quarterback, he was cut from the New York Jets. After becoming an outstanding coach, he explained that the disappointment of not making the team led him to a greater plan for his life.
He said, "I had committed my life to Jesus Christ when I was 11, but in my pursuit to make a name for myself in football, I left God next to my dust-covered Bible. But after getting cut from the Jets, I pulled out my Bible and found comfort in a verse I had memorized in Sunday school: 'Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct thy paths.' I asked Jesus Christ to take control again. My priorities in life are faith, family, and football—in that order."
My grandmother often quoted those verses to me. Those verses in Proverbs not only worked for my grandmother and Mike Holmgren, they are true for any of us. If we can just learn to trust God, He will direct our paths. When disappointments come and we keep on trusting, He will secure the direction of our lives. If we trust Him, God will get us where we're supposed to go.
People of faith and conservatives have experienced setbacks recently, but God has ways of using these seeming setbacks for His good.
If we trust in the Lord, He will lead us in getting our country where it is supposed to go. But we must become active. Faith without works is dead.
Be Vigilant. Be Discerning. Be Informed. Be Prayerful. Be Active. Be Blessed.


Pepper spray is so passe'. This baby can bring down predators from a full 15 feet away. But make sure it's actually legal to carry & use it in your state/jurisdiction first... until you do that, don't tase me bro!


text:
Da Couch Tomato
An attempt at a new layout, with horrible glitches, and very minimal knowledge of HTML.
Cinema, television, literature, and music–basically anything that can be reviewed. If you're interested in writing reviews, e-mail us at dacouchtomato@gmail.com. We won't pay you for reviews, but you get to practise your writing skills. It's a win-win situation for everyone.
Glee. Season 1, Episode 5: The Rhodes Not Taken
KRISTIN CHENOWETH GUEST STARS. ALL CAPS LETTERS FOR EMPHASIS. BECAUSE THAT'S KRISTIN EFFING CHENOWETH PEOPLE.
However, it was a bit weird watching her sing with mini-Idina Menzel look-a-like. I kept waiting for them to break out to the "Defying Gravity" song.
This episode is preachy, consistent with the (only) other episode that I've watched. Everyone's breaking into epiphanies and everyone, of course, is compelled to be chatty with said epiphanies.
I was like, "I get the Rhode pun already. Just keep singing dammit!"
And "Oh god, Kristin is looking effing cute in a pink cowgirl costume."
Also, there's like, not one, not two, but three! Three Pushing Daisies references, enough to make me girlishly giggle. Wait, is there a boyish giggle?
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Sting Lacson said...
I saw the "Somebody to Love" part, and it was awesome.
I. Want. To. Watch. Glee.
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IMP Naval & Land Services has an exceptionally broad range of capabilities with experience ranging from the RCN, the United States Navy, and the Royal Navy UK Type 23 Frigates to Canadian Army Light Armoured Vehicles, fleets of the Royal Canadian Air Force and international fixed and rotary wing aircraft, and Space Platforms.
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text:
The Sikhs and the Independence Movement-5
All About Sikhs: Historical Events
The Sikhs and the Independence Movement
Gurdwara Reform and Protest Politics
The basic character of the Chief Khalsa Diwan as a loyalist consultative body and a Sikh coalition organization prevented it from representing the religious-political radicals of its own community when they came into open opposition to the British Raj. A telling case was the protest carried out intermittently over the period from 1913 to 1920 against the Government of India because of its alterations to the Rikabganj Gurdwara to make way for the capital when it was shifted to New Delhi. In May 1913 government engineers pulled down some 400 feet of a hexagonal stone wall enclosing the site of the gurdwara in order to clear a right of way for a straight approach road to the Viceregal Palace. Their plan was to replace the old wall with an iron railing around the residual rectangular parcel and to convert the inner area into a garden in order to make the site appear more consonant with the scheme for the government buildings. By winter, opposition to government interference with the gurdwara site was growing powerful in the Punjab under the backing of Harchand Singh of Lyallpur, a canal colony rais and proprietor of the Khalsa Akhbar newspaper, and of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha. While the protest very shortly had to disappear from view due to the outbreak of the first World War in 1914, it reappeared with equal intensity after the War. In September 1920, a letter from Sardul Singh Caveeshar (1886-1963) published in the Akali of Lahore demanded that the Delhi government rebuild the old wall. Should it fail to take action within two months, he called for a contingent of volunteers willing to suffer martyrdom (a shahidi jatha) composed of a hundred men to proceed to New Delhi to do the work, against whatever opposition it might encounter.[21]
The Sikh volunteers who were readily enlisted by Sardul Singh never departed the Punjab because the Delhi government, unknown to them, already had devised a plan to free itself from the dispute. At a meeting with representatives of the Khalsa Diwan of Delhi in March 1920, the government agreed to approve the construction of a wall that would stand outside the limits of the older one, to transfer management of Gurdwara Rikabganj to the Delhi Khalsa Diwan, and to invite a deputation from the Chief Khalsa Diwan to study and approve the site plan. At the time, however, the Chief Khalsa Diwan was losing its role as a representative body of Sikh opinion and its effectiveness as a moderate counterweight to radical Sikh political activism. A contributing factor was the disaffection it attracted by its cooperation with government against the popular Rikabganj protest at its initial peak in 1914. But the larger context was that Indian public life was changing in response to the trials of the World War and postwar readjustment, and in relation to a fresh wave of communal and nationalist protest politics and to unrealized expectations engendered by the Montford reforms. Yet the Chief Khalsa Diwan could not relinquish its moderate orientation in order retain its preeminent position in Sikh society through the early part of the interwar period. "While the Diwan contributed greatly to educating, unifying, and preparing Sikhs for new political roles," noted N. G. Barrier, "ironically, its leaders were not equipped to lead the community into battle. Instead, the radical Akalis reaped the benefits of widespread Sikh unrest."[22] During the next half-decade successive calls to direct action in the cause of Gurdwara Reform took the politics of protest into new directions which created a revolution within the religious and political institutions of the Sikh community. As a continuing consequence, "it is primarily through political action that the Panth of today seeks to maintain its cohesion."[23]
Although gurdwara reform was a long-familiar cause, under postwar conditions in the early 1920's it gained unprecedented mobilizing power. In the unsettled summer of 1920, many Khalsa Sikh men were adjusting to the dislocation of being recently demobilized from military service. Some were seen roaming the central Punjab plains, inexplicably garbed as seventeenth-century Akalis — wearing deep-blue or black turbans and armed with long swords (kirpans), battle-axes (safa-jangs), and staffs (lathis) –and this was of course reported to the government by puzzled informants. The reports noted that these new Akalis responded in numbers at diwans of the Sikh League, and at fairs, to the final calls issued by Teja Singh Samundri and others to service in the Rikabganj Gurdwara campaign. And when the resolution of the Rikabganj case was made public, they were recruited for other campaigns. Soon small bands (jathas) of this new Akali "army" (dal) were moving rapidly across the plains toward one or another Sikh shrine, some of which they occupied and "reformed." In October, after litigation failed, the mahant of Babe-de-Ber in Sialkot was forcibly ejected and a local committee assumed management of the gurdwara. Since the provincial government was preoccupied with the Montford reforms and reluctant to intervene, this predominantly non-violent version of direct-action protest carried off in a military style was proving effective for Khalsa activists.
The official Reforms Advisory Committee was having its own problems, including the problem of settling on a suitable definition of 'Sikh' for the provincial elections under the provisions of the 1919 Act. The Manager of the Golden Temple, Arur Singh, was consulted; and he advised against stipulating a definition and in favor of compiling the electoral rolls by accepting the individual declaration of each elector. The advice was not popular with the Tat Khalsa which was already disgruntled about the percentage of legislative council seats granted Sikhs under provisions of the Act. At a diwan held during the summer at Jallianwala Bagh, radicals threatened to take out a mock funeral procession if the Manager did not step down before the end of August. The matter was left to simmer until early October when it came to crisis. The Temple administration attempted to bar low- caste converts from entering the precincts in the company of a procession of members of the Khalsa biradari which was holding its annual meeting in Amritsar. The Khalsa brotherhood prevailed, discrediting the administration; and shortly afterward the government named a new Manager and a temporary advisory committee — then, in November, a provisional advisory committee composed of 36 moderate Khalsa Sikhs — to supervise management of the Golden Temple. Not satisfied, Khalsa activists countered by setting a meeting of the Panth (a sarbat khalsa) to name a permanent managing committee, and circulated announcements to Sikh military regiments, schools, religious organizations, and Singh Sabhas. A large gathering assembled before the Akal Takht at the Golden Temple on 16th November and endorsed selection of a committee of 175 members which was to give attention to gurdwara reform in general as well as to establish a sub-committee for management of the Golden Temple. There were some conciliatory elements in the process. Sunder Singh Majithia was elected president, other leadership positions were filled by Chief Khalsa Diwan moderates, and appointees from the official provisional committee were to be included on the Golden Temple sub-committee. But the next month a caucus of militant members took control, renamed the larger body the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (most often cited as the SGPC), and instituted the Shiromani Akali Dal. The provincial government did not intervene. New sides of the Sikh shrines question continued to present themselves faster than the Punjab government was able to assess and respond to them. At the same time, in the countryside, Akali jathas continued to enlist recruits, occupy gurdwaras, and eject mahants.[24]
At one of the most important Sikh traditional sites, Nankana Sahib in the Sheikpura District, the mahant had been attracting criticism for some years. Narain Das was reputed to be an immoral character who engaged in scandalous behavior, and he was charged with misuse of funds. He also had the responsibility of managing a gurdwara complex which had an annual land-revenue income of a half-million rupees and which commemorated the birthplace of Guru Nanak. His position was so important that he was elected to preside over the Udasi Mahamandal which was established to represent mahant interests as a kind of counterpart to the SGPC, and which set up the Sant Sewak newspaper in Lahore as part of an effort to balance the influence of the Akali press. Before the end of 1920 the Mahamandal also began a series of appeals to the divisional and provincial governments to intervene for their protection, but the executives instead directed them to the courts as the place where they could attempt to regain their rights once they had been infringed or lost. Narain Das, therefore, took it upon himself to defend his claim to the control the gurdwaras at Nankana Sahib in his own way. He arranged to have the perimeter walled and fortified, arms and ammunition stockpiled, and a mercenary force engaged.
Word about the mahant's preparations spread, and in the new year there were repeated verbal skirmishes, in the press and at public meetings, about the place. The Akali leadership sought to focus attention on the situation, and to prevent a premature clash, by announcing a great gathering at Nanakana Sahib which was to begin on 4th March. In mid-February Sardul Singh Caveeshar, Teja Singh Samundri, Master Tara Singh, and others were sent out to the site in order to head-off any early arrivals. However, early on the morning of 20th February 1921, an Akali jatha led by Bhai Lachhman Singh proceeded to visit the Janamasthan Gurdwara which commemorated Guru Nanak's birth. Once inside the walled compound, the gates were closed and while they were locked inside all 130 men were massacred without warning, some hacked to pieces, and their bodies were doused with kerosene and burned. In the wake of this terrible tragedy, the provincial government gave over management of the Nankana Sahib gurdwaras to a representative committee of the SGPC. It also instructed its district magistrates to assert temporary jurisdiction over any gurdwara where conflict about management was likely to lead to violence, while the SGPC very soon issued a demand to the right to manage all Sikh shrines or gurdwaras and their property. Public recoil, meanwhile, to the Nankana Sahib atrocities "threw the great majority of Sikhs wholeheartedly into the Akali movement."[25]
Public recoil also resulted in reprisals against Narain Das, his associates, and other mahants. The courts sentenced him to death in October 1921; and when the Government of India reviewed his case on appeal, members of the Viceroy's council directed strong criticism at the Punjab Government for its policy of minimal intervention in activities arising from the Gurdwara Reform movement. The criticism for a time prompted a new policy of police repression of Akali groups, but it proved ineffective. From 1921 onward, the Akali movement under the coordination of the SGPC took on something of the character of an alternative government. At the November 1921 Nanakana fair, there were 50,000 Sikhs, 20,000 of them professed Akalis, and perhaps 15,000 of them members of recognized jathas. Enlistment was up, and at diwans in rural areas members of the Akali fauj stood guard with drawn swords. In the summer of 1921 SGPC elections all Amrit-dhari Khalsa Sikhs were enfranchised to vote, and the new committee began to build a hierarchical organizational structure with local and district committees. Along with monthly membership subscriptions, it had access to funds from the income of the Golden Temple and the Tarn Taran and Nankana Sahib gurdwaras. The movement was now strong enough in numbers and in finances to sustain major civil disobedience campaigns with thousands of faithful followers courting arrest, as at Guru-ka-Bagh in the Amritsar District in 1922 and at Jaito in the Princely State of Nabha in 1923.[26]
Return to Constitutional Politics
The SGPC was also free from the internal division faced by the Indian National Congress, which split between "no-changers" who favored continued non-cooperation and "pro-changers" who advocated a return to participation in constitutional government, after the Congress-Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement was halted by Mahatma Gandhi in 1922 because of the violence at Chauri Chaura. For the 1923 election to the Punjab Legislative Council and the Indian Legislative Assembly, the SGPC nominated a full slate of candidates to stand for office. The candidates were required to be Amrit-dhari Sikhs who would undertake to abide by the mandate of the SGPC in all matters to come before the assembly or council during their term. In the election, there was greatly increased participation by Sikh voters, and the SGPC gained a major victory in which it got exclusive control of the Sikh representation in the Punjab council. Clearly the circumstances indicated that the British needed to come up with fresh approaches in order to deal with the complex pattern of Sikh politics.
In May 1924, W. Malcolm Hailey was posted to Lahore as the Governor of the Punjab, and from the start he sought to change the climate of social and political life in the province by three main strategies. First, the government would resist the use of illegal force to gain control of gurdwaras or their property, and it would discourage anti-government agitation by confiscating pensions and by refusing government employment to those engaged in criminal activity. Second, it would not engage in direct repression of the Akali jathas but would instead support the formation of anti-Akali associations of Sikhs, typically designated sudhar committees. And, third, it would seek a legislative remedy to regularize the conditions created by the extraordinary success of the Gurdwara Reform movement.[27]
In his November 1924 address to the Punjab Legislative Council, the Governor expressed the willingness of the provincial government to discuss terms of gurdwara-management legislation with SGPC representatives. Several earlier attempts to produce a legislative solution had failed. In 1921 there was not sufficient support for an Act, and in 1922 the Bill that was pushed through the council became a dead letter by the time it was enacted. What Hailey sought was a Bill that would in fact resolve the problem of control and management of Sikh shrines and gurdwaras throughout the Punjab, but for a time he held out the hope that effective legislation could be drawn which would place all or most of the power in the hands of local bodies instead of in a central committee of management like the SGPC. "Personally," he wrote, "I should like to see the local committees strong, and the Central Body merely charged with general functions, instead of direct control. I think we ought to fight for this as far as possible," he urged, in private correspondence with the Lahore Commissioner.[28]
However, in the process of working through the negotiations to what was in fact possible, the Sikh Gurdwaras Act (Punjab Act No. VIII of 1925, which received the assent of the Governor-General on 28 July) was a compromise measure. While, for government, it gained a settlement of the intractable and costly campaign for gurdwara reform; for the SGPC, it gained statutory standing for what was for the most part a familiar and congenial organizational structure. The Act established a central board of management composed of 121 members to be selected by an electorate comprised of voters whose exclusive religious allegiance was Sikh. Elected members of the committee likewise were to be exclusively Sikh and not patit or apostate, as determined by a judicial tribunal established by government from among Khalsa Sikhs. The authority of the central committee was partly balanced by the powers reserved to local committees; and explicit rules were set out for the use of gurdwara income and the auditing of gurdwara management accounts. Yet, in general, for the Amrit-dharis or Khalsa Sikhs the time had come when their status as members of a separate religious tradition with its own identity and its own separately managed institutions had attained the full recognition which had been anticipated but not fulfilled in the 1909 Anand Marriage Act.[29]
The Governor referred the draft Bill to New Delhi at an early stage because of special concern that the Act be acceptable to the courts and to the Government of India due to its sweeping implications since it legitimated a wholesale, and previously illegal, transfer of property by writing it into positive law. It also was expected to make moot the legally defensible claims still being put forward by the mahants. Under terms of the Bill, 300 institutions, either gurdwaras connected with events in the lives of the Gurus or other Sikh shrines in the Punjab, were scheduled and were to be transferred to a statutory management committee. (After the Act was put into effect several hundred more were transferred by notification and endorsement by a tribunal.) The government had been caught in the middle of the tug of war between the Khalsa Sikhs and the Udasis. "I myself can only square my conscience in this matter," the Governor recorded in confidence after receiving an Udasi delegation, "by the reflexion that we have probably taken the only course practically and politically possible; we may admit the injury done to this class, but as a matter of hard fact, we cannot really remedy it."[30] Hailey fit the model of the practical administrator schooled in the art of the possible. His estimate of the existing situation was that "95% of the Sikhs are now Amritdharis, i.e., full followers of Guru Gobind Singh, and that being so, I do not see that the state could reasonably be expected to support the Udassis in the claim that they should continue to manage the gurdwaras."[31] And when the Gurdwara Bill was enacted, in the short term it produced the intended effect of ending the Sikh preoccupation with Gurdwara Reform. "I am not greatly concerned any longer," the Governor could report by the end of 1925, "with the Sikh situation."[32]
What Sardul Singh Caveeshar called "the Third Sikh War" had ended in a Khalsa victory, and the Sikh army only appeared to disband. It was transformed into a political power — the Shiromani Akali Dal — supported by a religious one — the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee. Sikh communal distinctiveness had taken on the force of law, and it remained for the Akali Dal to defend it. The general aim of the Akali party, according to historian Rajiv Kapur, "became the pursuit of greater political leverage for the Sikhs as a community. This political objective has remained essentially the same today."[33]
But during the remainder of the Indian independence movement and beyond, some Sikhs have supported other parties and other strategies in addition to, or instead of, the Akali Dal. With the stage of constitutional advance that was elaborated in the Government of India Act of 1935 and enabling legislation, in the 1937 election Sikhs split their votes. Landed interests went with the Khalsa National Party formed by the Chief Khalsa Diwan and led by the indomitable Sunder Singh Majithia and Jogendra Singh. The Congress formed a separate Congress Sikh Party in the Punjab and shared electoral strategy with the Akali Dal in the hope of entering the legislature to work the Swarajist "wrecking from within" policy. When the ministry was formed, the Khalsa Nationalists joined with the Unionists, who had secured 96 out of 175 seats in the Punjab Legislative Assembly, to form a coalition government, much to the disdain of the Dal. Yet this kind of factionalism in Sikh politics has continued to be the rule. From 1940 to 1947, when it was most crucial for Sikhs to speak with one political voice, they did not do so. Although they returned to constitutional politics, Khalsa religious unity could not much longer keep Sikhs on a single political platform. Religious revitalization did not "translate into a common programme of political activity. It is the rival warlords of the 18th century rather than the single authority of Maharajah Ranjit Singh," according to Christopher Shackle's analysis, "that provide the model for the last sixty years of Sikh politics."[34]
The Sikhs and the Independence Movement part6
akali committee government gurdwara khalsa Punjab sgpc sikh sikhs singh
Shere Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Baba Attar Singh at Hazoor Sahib : Guru's Sakhis


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Check your progress in these areas of a brain-healthy lifestyle
By Jennifer NelsonJanuary 2, 2020
By Jennifer Nelson
Credit: @Carodevorst via Twenty20
During the last Alzheimer's disease support meeting I attended at my mother's assisted living center, I sheepishly asked if anyone else was worried about their own risk for the disease.
A lot of hands went up.
At age 65, your risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's is 2% per year. If you have a parent with Alzheimer's disease, that risk goes up by 30%, to 2.6% per year, according to the Harvard Men's Health Watch.
However, that's still a relatively small increase. A recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report found 92% of us fear developing a degenerative brain disease like dementia or Alzheimer's and 28% aren't sure we can do anything about it.
Dr. Marc Agronin
"Everyone, as they age, faces changes in brain function — just like any other part of the body, our brains age," says Dr. Marc Agronin, senior vice president of Behavioral Health and chief medical officer for the MIND Institute at Miami Jewish Health and author of the book The Dementia Caregiver: A Guide to Caring for Someone with Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurocognitive Disorders.
7 Pillars of a Brain-Healthy Lifestyle
We know living a healthy lifestyle is key to preventing chronic illness and conditions like diabetes and heart disease. But now, research finds that living a brain-healthy lifestyle may reduce your risk for Alzheimer's disease, dementia and other cognitive decline.
The mind-blowing research on exercise alone should get you moving.
The research on cognitive health and disease has homed in on seven pillars for living a brain-healthy lifestyle, which may in combination, slash your risk for brain-degenerative diseases.
Just keep in mind, however, that even if you performed all these pillars perfectly, it doesn't mean you won't get Alzheimer's disease. Other factors, such as genetics, additional medical conditions that affect the brain and accidents, can't always be controlled.
Pillar No. 1: Exercise
A 44-year Swedish study that separated midlife women exercisers into low, moderate and high fitness levels found that women at the lowest fitness level were 45% less likely to develop dementia, while women in the top fitness level were 88% less likely.
Dr. Yuko Hara
It seems exercise reduces chronic inflammation and increases the release of a protein that's good for brain cells. Plus, it improves your overall health, so you're reducing cardiovascular dysfunction, your risk for diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, which are all bad for your brain, explains Dr. Yuko Hara, who leads the Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention team at the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation.
Researchers recommend 30 minutes of moderate exercise — walking, riding a stationary bicycle or whatever you love to do so you'll stick with it — three to five times per week to gain the benefit.
Pillar No. 2: Diet
"The only diet that really has robust evidence showing risk reduction for dementia is what's called the MIND diet," Agronin says. It is a combination of the Mediterranean diet and what's called the DASH diet, which is a low salt, healthy diet (MIND stands for Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay).
The MIND diet includes loads of fruits and vegetables, fish, legumes, poultry, olive oil and one glass of wine (if you drink alcohol), while reducing processed foods, sugar, whole-fat dairy and red meat.
A healthy diet produces more brain tissue volume, more gray matter, a larger hippocampus (which controls memory) and lessens your risk of developing dementia, according to a study published in 2018 and conducted by researchers at the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
"We may not know all the mechanisms of why a healthy diet is protective for brain health," Hara says. But the MIND diet is filled with antioxidants and polyphenols from fruits and veggies, anti-inflammatory properties like omega 3 fatty acids from fish, and reduces your risk for Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol — all associated with dementia.
Pillar No. 3: Mental Fitness
Learning builds cognitive reserves, which is the capacity of your brain to function optimally despite the changes that occur as we age. Learning also helps the brain resist cognitive decline.
"Research suggests mid- and late-life cognitive activity, especially, is linked to delayed onset of cognitive decline," Hara says. Lifelong learning is fundamental to improved brain health, higher levels of cognitive activity and staving off Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
So, sign up. Pick anything that interests you. Learn an instrument, take up a language or join some kind of class. If you're working, try to learn something new every week on the job. Read, take an online course, teach yourself the Latin names for the plants in your garden or anything else you want to know. Then, keep learning.
"Research suggests mid- and late-life cognitive activity, especially, is linked to delayed onset of cognitive decline."
Pillar No. 4: Social Interaction
Scientists have found people with few social contacts and who feel lonely or isolated have a 26% increase in dementia and mild cognitive decline. Some studies also suggest lonely people have higher amyloid and tau in the brain, biological telltale markers for Alzheimer's disease. The connection between loneliness and dementia is still unclear, but it may have to do with depression or lack of stimulation.
If you are geographically apart from family, have lost a spouse or tend to isolate with fewer social contacts as you age, step up your social game. Phone or video-message with faraway family and friends regularly or participate in groups like walking and museumgoers. Establish or maintain strong connections with a neighbor, friend or childhood bestie. Talk, visit and interact with others. Your brain depends on it.
Pillar No. 5: Sleep
Poor sleep is also connected to Alzheimer's disease and an increase in the presence of amyloid and tau. However, "we don't really know if poor sleep causes Alzheimer's disease or Alzheimer's disease causes poor sleep," Hara says.
Despite this chicken-or-egg riddle, experts recommend seven to eight hours of sleep a night. Practice good "sleep hygiene," like avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed. If you have a sleep disorder such as sleep apnea or insomnia, talk to your doctor and get it treated. Disorders like sleep apnea deprive the brain of oxygen during sleep, which impairs its function over time.
Don't just resort to taking sleeping pills, since they also have been associated with dementia, Agronin says.
Pillar No. 6: Stress
High levels of stress are linked to memory problems and smaller brain volume. What's more, the hormone cortisol, produced when you're stressed out, may damage cells needed for learning and memory, Agronin says.
When you're under stress, you need to learn ways to cope. Practice whatever works best for you, which could be: yoga, meditation, taking a walk, playing with a pet, listening to music, knitting, reading a novel, tinkering in the garage or anything else you find enjoyable and relaxing.
Pillar No. 7: Overall Medical Health
The illnesses most related to brain health include Type 2 diabetes and hypertension. For example, people with diabetes have a twofold higher risk of developing a type of dementia called vascular dementia, and a 73% increase risk of any dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, Hara says.
Depression is another risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Taking care of your overall medical and mental health plays a critical role in living a brain-healthy lifestyle. You should see your doctor regularly, get annual screenings and manage any chronic illnesses you have.
Agronin also recommends keeping a positive attitude toward aging and fostering a strong sense of purpose. Volunteering, focusing on relationships and having an interest in civic, religious or spiritual associations can have a powerful impact on living a brain-healthy lifestyle.
Jennifer Nelson is a Florida-based writer who also writes for MSNBC, FOXnews and AARP.
The Latest Theories in Alzheimer's Research
Alzheimer's Experts Express Cautious Optimism About New Drug
Our Brains Need Exercise, Too


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THE INITIAL TEACHING OF LITERACY ACROSS EUROPE, the first FELA symposium
Abstract of first symposia in Klagenfurt, 19th European Conference on Literacy 2015
THE INITIAL TEACHING OF LITERACY ACROSS EUROPE, the second FELA symposium
14−16 August 2016 − Turku/Åbo, Finland, 3rd Baltic Sea – 17th Nordic Literacy Conference
THE INITIAL TEACHING OF LITERACY ACROSS EUROPE, the third FELA symposium
The 20th European Conference on Literacy, Madrid 2017
THE INITIAL TEACHING OF LITERACY ACROSS EUROPE, the fourth FELA symposium
The 21st European Conference on Literacy, Copenhagen 2019
THE INITIAL TEACHING OF LITERACY ACROSS EUROPE, the fifth FELA symposium
The fourth Baltic Sea Conference on Literacy in Tallinn January 2020.
FELA (formerly IDEC) -project Initial Literacy Teaching 2015−
No comparative studies exist about the initial phases of reading and writing instruction in the first weeks and months of school when children are taught the alphabetic code. The most recent cross-national study of the teaching of initial literacy is Comparative Reading, edited by John Downing – published in 1973! Especially little is known about the initial phases of reading instruction in the first weeks and months of school. Do children start with letters, words, or texts? How are grapheme-phoneme correspondences taught (if at all)? Is the first vocabulary controlled for orthographic regularities (in languages with deep orthographies) so that they are decodable? Are there differences between countries whose languages have deep and shallow orthographies? How are the first pages of reading primers (reading scheme books/basal readers) organized? What is the relationship between the teaching of reading and writing?
which are primarily consonants, and the Arabic script which is written from right to left. This symposium is being organized by the International Development in Europe Committee (IDEC) of the International Literacy Association (ILA) and the Federation of European Literacy Associations (FELA). Researchers and practitioners from different countries and different orthographies will report and discuss the conceptual and pedagogical models underlying various instructional methods, and the questions which arise from them.
Ann-Sofie Selin will provide a general introduction about the two associations who have organized this symposium: IDEC and FELA in a nutshell
Henrietta Dombey will speak about research evidence and government policy on the teaching of reading in the years 4-7 in England
Marie Ernestová will report on the teaching of reading and writing in the very first class of compulsory school attendance in Czech Primary Schools. Examples will be given of reading and writing literacy materials being used, as well as the teaching approaches and methods currently being applied during this critical learning period. New, or 'alternative', methods will be described and emerging trends discussed. Ernestová's full text.
Renate Valtin will report on didactic approaches in the initial reading and writing instruction in Germany. She will provide examples from the first pages of the literacy material used in the first weeks of school and explain the underlying concepts.
Laura Benitez will present the findings of a case study about good early literacy teaching practices in Spain focused to students with very high risk of educational disadvantage and social exclusion. These outcomes are contained in her doctoral thesis, undertaken by a constructivist approach.
Shlomo Alon will present HARP (Hebrew & Arabic Reading Projects) in Israel and speak about the challenge how to teach the Hebrew alphabet containing 22 letters, all of
FELA, Initial literacy teaching: How children are taught the alphabetic code in different orthographies
Dr Renate Valtin, Professor Emerita, Humboldt Universität, IDEC International Development in Europe Committee of ILA, Chairperson Professor Emeritus, Sheffield University FELA ChairPerson renate.valtin@gmail.com Germany
Dr Greg Brooks, Professor Emeritus, Sheffield University FELA Federation of European Literacy Associations, Chairperson g.brooks@sheffield.ac.uk United Kingdom
Fredriksson&Persson; Marie K. Fredriksson, Special needs teacher, Stockholm marie.k.fredriksson@gmail.com, and Dr Ulla-Britt Persson, Linköpings universitet, ulla-britt.persson@liu.se Sweden Fredriksson & Persson's full text
Dr Mare Müürsepp, Tallinna Ülikool, marem@tlu.ee Estonia
MEd Monika Sandberg, class teacher, Cygnaeus school, Åbo monika.sandberg@turku.fi Swedish in Finland
MEd Suvi Sankinen, class teacher, Hannunniittu school, Turku suvi.sankinen@turku.fi Finnish in Finland
ABSTRACT: No comparative studies exist about the initial phases of reading and writing instruction in the first weeks and months of school when children are taught the alphabetic code. Especially little is known about the initial phases of reading instruction in the first weeks and months of school. Do children start with letters, words, or texts? How are grapheme-phoneme correspondences taught (if at all)? Is the first vocabulary controlled for orthographic regularities (in languages with deep orthographies) so that they are decodable? Are there differences between countries whose languages have deep and shallow orthographies? How are the first pages of reading primers (reading scheme books/basal readers) organized? What is the relationship between the teaching of reading and writing? This symposium is being organised by the International Development in Europe Committee (IDEC) of the International Literacy Association (ILA) and the Federation of European Literacy Associations (FELA). Rresearchers and practitioners will present early literacy methods/materials in Sweden, in Estonia, and in Swedish and Finnish in Finland. After these presentations the conceptual and pedagogical models underlying various instructional methods and the questions which arise from them will be discussed.
FELA SYMPOSIUM
Initial literacy teaching: How children are taught the alphabetic code in different orthographies; Presentation of early literacy methods and materials in Bulgarian-, French-, English- and Hebrew and Arabic- speaking contexts
Lydia Dachkova, Bulgarian Reading Association; lydia.dachkova@gmail.com
Daniela Staneva, Friedrich Schiller School, Russe; dstaneva@abv.bg
Eithne Kennedy, School of Language, Literacy Education, Dublin City University, St Patrick's Campus, Dublin 9 <eithne.kennedy@dcu.ie> Gerry Shiel, Educational Research Centre, St Patrick's Campus, Dublin 9 <gerry.shiel@erc.ie>
Patricia Schillings, University of Liège, Belgium <patricia.schillings@ulg.ac.be>
Dennis Kurzon, University of Haifa, Israel <kurzon@research.haifa.ac.il> Kurzon's Diacritics
Renate Valtin (chairperson), emerita, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany <renate.valtin@gmail.com>
Greg Brooks (Discussant), emeritus, University of Sheffield, UK <g.brooks@sheffield.ac.uk>
ABSTRACT: No comparative studies exist about the initial phases of reading and writing instruction in the first weeks and months of school when children are taught the alphabetic code. Especially little is known about the initial phases of reading instruction in the first weeks and months of school. Do children start with letters, words, or texts? How are grapheme-phoneme correspondences taught (if at all)? Is the first vocabulary controlled for orthographic regularities (in languages with deep orthographies) so that they are decodable? Are there differences between countries whose languages have deep and shallow orthographies? How are the first pages of reading primers (reading scheme books/basal readers) organized? What is the relationship between the teaching of reading and writing?
This symposium is being organized by the International Development in Europe Committee (IDEC) of the International Literacy Association (ILA) and the Federation of European Literacy Associations (FELA). Researchers and practitioners will present early literacy methods/materials in the teaching of various languages and countries. These are likely to include at least: Bulgarian in Bulgaria, English in Ireland, French in Belgium, and Hebrew and Arabic in Israel. After these presentations the conceptual and pedagogical models underlying various instructional methods and the questions which arise from them will be discussed.
Chairperson Chairperson: Renate Valtin, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany: introduction, renate.valtin@gmail.com
FELA, The initial teaching of literacy across Europe SYMPOSIUM
Rapporteur: Greg Brooks, University of Sheffield, GB: Analysis and feedback, g.brooks@sheffield.ac.uk
The symposium will consist of the following presentations, with ample scope for discussion:
Iris Pereira and Maria de Lourdes Dionísio, University of Minho, iris@ie.uminho.pt, mldionisio@ie.uminho.pt Beginning literacy in Portuguese
Olga Zapotočna and Zuzana Petrová, University, zapotocna@savba.sk, zuzana.petrova@truni.sk The new early literacy curriculum in Slovakia
Jesper Bremholm, University College Copenhagen, JBRE@kp.dk Beginning literacy in Danish
Bente Hagtvet and Jørgen Frost, University of Oslo, b.e.hagtvet@isp.uio.no, jorgen.frost@uv.uio.no Beginning literacy in Norwegian
ABSTRACT: No comparative studies exist about the initial phases of reading and writing instruction in the first weeks and months of school when children are taught the alphabetic code. Especially little is known about the initial phases of reading instruction in the first weeks and months of school:
Do children start with letters, words, or texts? How are grapheme-phoneme and phoneme-grapheme correspondences taught (if at all)? Is the first vocabulary controlled for orthographic regularities (in languages with deep orthographies) so that the words are decodable? Are there differences in the teaching of languages with deep and shallow orthographies? How are the first pages of reading primers (reading scheme books/basal readers) organised? What is the relationship between the teaching of reading and writing? This symposium will be part of FELA's ongoing continent-wide investigation into the similarities and differences in teaching children the first steps into reading, spelling and writing.
The following languages have already been covered: Estonian, Finnish, Swedish in Sweden and Finland, English in England and Ireland, Czech, German in Germany, French in Belgium, and Hebrew and Arabic in Israel.
Renate Valtin, Co-authors: Greg Brooks (em.), University of Sheffield; Tiziana Mascia, University of Bozen; Ilva Skulte, Riga Stradins University, Latvia; Irina Tomaševič, VšĮ Šiuolaikinių didaktikų centras, Lithuania
FELA, The initial teaching of literacy across Europe
ABSTRACT: No comparative studies exist about the initial phases of reading and writing instruction in the first weeks and months of school when children are taught the alphabetic code. Especially little is known about the initial phases of reading instruction in the first weeks and months of school: – Do children start with letters, words, or texts? – How are grapheme-phoneme and phoneme-grapheme correspondences taught (if at all)? – Is the first vocabulary controlled for orthographic regularities (in languages with deep orthographies) so that the words are decodable? – Are there differences in the teaching of languages with deep and shallow orthographies? – How are the first pages of reading primers (reading scheme books/basal readers) organized? – What is the relationship between the teaching of reading and of writing? This symposium will be part of FELA's ongoing continent-wide investigation into the similarities and differences in teaching children the first steps into reading, spelling and writing. The following languages have already been covered: Estonian, Finnish, Swedish in Sweden and Finland, English in England and Ireland, Czech, German in Germany, French in Belgium, Hebrew and Arabic in Israel, Norwegian, Portuguese and Slovak.
Call for Publications
The FELA Publications Steering Group is collecting various publications on the topic of literacy and presenting them on the FELA website under "Publications & Resources". The contributions of FELA member organizations are welcome!
Please note the full call describing criteria and procedure you can download here.
Archives Select Month October 2022 (1) July 2022 (2) June 2021 (1) May 2020 (1) April 2020 (1) February 2020 (1) January 2020 (1) August 2019 (1) April 2019 (1) January 2019 (1) May 2018 (1) March 2018 (2) January 2018 (1) July 2017 (1) June 2017 (2) May 2017 (1) January 2017 (1) November 2016 (1) August 2016 (1) July 2016 (2) May 2016 (1) April 2016 (1) August 2015 (1) January 2015 (1) July 2014 (1) June 2014 (2) May 2014 (1) January 2014 (2) May 2013 (2) January 2013 (2) December 2012 (2) October 2012 (3) July 2012 (2) May 2012 (1) April 2012 (1) March 2012 (3) February 2012 (1) January 2012 (12)
Categories Select Category Associations and Networks (10) Awards and Prizes (4) Events (Conferences, Meetings and Seminars) (27) FELA (2) Ireland (1) Literacy Campaigns and Drives (2) Projects and Research (4) Publications, Resources and Reports (13) webinars (1) Website (5)


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Interviews Comics Watch
'Iron Man 3' Cast Teases 'Surprising Emotion' of Third Film (Video)
May 01, 2013 1:23pm by Rebecca Ford
"I think the whole rhythm of the film is brilliant," Ben Kingsley, who plays the Mandarin, tells THR.
Iron Man 3 sees the return of Robert Downey Jr. as playboy billionaire Tony Stark -- but he's feeling a little less playboy than before.
While often a film franchise can tire with time, the third Iron Man film -- directed by Shane Black -- has somehow managed to throw in plenty of twists and turns that the audience is not going to expect.
Heat Vision breakdown
PHOTOS: 'Iron Man 3' Tour: Robert Downey Jr. Travels the World
Of course, we don't want to dive too deeply into those surprises (and neither did the cast when they sat down with The Hollywood Reporter), but THR did ask stars Ben Kingsley, Don Cheadle, Guy Pearce and Rebecca Hall about what they thought would surprise the die-hard Iron Man fans about this third film.
"I think the whole rhythm of the film is brilliant," Kingsley tells THR, "because what you have are moments of extraordinary, breathtaking action, immediately followed by a point of vulnerability, some questioning, doubt, loss, revenge, grief, love, tenderness, comradeship, all these wonderful human values, beautifully placed in the context of a great action film. It's sophisticated stuff."
Kingsley takes on the role of The Mandarin, a menacing criminal mastermind with an intense haircut and personal sense of style.
Both Pearce and Hall seem to echo Kingsley's sentiments that this a much more emotional story than before, with Stark dealing with fears and demons that seem to have grabbed hold of him after the events seen in The Avengers.
"There's a surprising emotion," says Hall, who plays an ambitious scientist who knew Stark at an earlier time and reappears in his life.
"You expect Iron Man to be put in jeopardy with every film, that's just a given that the hero is put in jeopardy," she adds, "But the ways he's put in jeopardy in this one are particularly surprising at times. It has to do with his own psychology and things like that, which you don't necessarily expect or see coming."
Pearce, who plays a scientist who has invented something that could affect mankind, adds: "It's pretty clever, this film. Not to suggest the other two weren't, but I think this takes it to another level."
FILM REVIEW: Iron Man 3
While Kingsley, Pearce and Hall are all new to the franchise, Cheadle is returning to reprise his role as Col. James Rhodes. He says that fans of the franchise will find Disney and Marvel Studios' latest film full of surprises.
"You get to just go in and sort of give over to the whole experience, the whole thing," he says. "Without giving anything away, I think it's going to be pretty interesting for everybody."
Iron Man 3 opens May 3 in U.S. theaters.
Email: Rebecca.Ford@thr.com; Twitter: @Beccamford
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