text:
Australian Government Sues Wind Farm Operators Over the 2016 South Australian Blackout
Eric Worrall
Guest essay by Eric Worrall
Wind farm operators are facing a lawsuit over alleged failure to meet performance requirements.
Energy regulator launches legal action against wind farm operators over SA statewide blackout
By Daniel Keane
Updated Wed at 12:29pm
"The AER has brought these proceedings to send a strong signal to all energy businesses about the importance of compliance with performance standards to promote system security and reliability," AER chair Paula Conboy said in a statement.
"These alleged failures contributed to the black system event, and meant that AEMO [Australian Energy Market Operator] was not fully informed when responding to system-wide failures in South Australia in September 2016.
The blackout occurred on September 28, 2016, when extreme weather — described at the time as "twin tornadoes" — caused major damage to electricity infrastructure, knocking down huge transmission lines.
The AER said a subsequent loss of wind generation then triggered the blackout, which left 850,000 customers without power.
Read more: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-07/regulator-legal-action-against-energy-companies-over-sa-blackout/11390400
If wind farms cannot be made more resilient against severe weather or instability caused by grid component failures, and if we assume for the sake of argument that future climate change will bring more severe weather and disruption and damage to infrastructure, there probably isn't a lot of point building wind farms.
A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades on the Moon
Democratic Party wrongheaded climate alarmism – time to revisit "The stupid party"
John V. Wright
"and if we assume for the sake of argument that future climate change will bring more severe weather and disruption". Nice one Eric – hoist by their own petard or what!
Roflol
Reply to John V. Wright
Can't generate wind energy if there is no wind.
"The AER said a subsequent loss of wind generation "
Reply to Roflol
According to this account it was not a failure of wind power production but a transmission line being taken out. It is a shame that those who object to wind production can not find valid arguments instead.
What happened in S.A. was a pathetic, abysmal failure. Do you really need to twist the facts?
Reply to Greg
If its a failure of the Transmission line , why are they suing the Wind Farm operators?
You are following the the ABC news organisations take on what happened, they are even worse than the BBC
Matthew Bruha
The transmission lines were taken out after the wind farms stopped generating.
Reply to Matthew Bruha
Hmmmm…my bad…the report linked in a comment below does state that 3 transmission lines were damaged. I was pretty sure that 2016 reports stated the wind farms tripped before the lines were damaged.
Crispin in Waterloo
I think you were correct. The wind turbines tripped automatically after there were several line voltage spikes within the default period (an electronic factory default setting in the control panel).
Some power lines caused the spikes, which occurred within a few seconds. This was interpreted by the control panels as "time to go offline" which many did in short order.
This caused a sudden draw on the interstate interlink of 480 MW, which it could not support. In response the interlink when down causing the whole state to go off.
The direct cause of the failure was the sudden disconnection of the turbines based on what the manufacturer claimed were faulty settings for auto-disconnect, even though that's the factory default.
The operator was therefore negligent for not setting them "correctly".
Graeme#4
Not entirely true. There were 2-3 pylon/line failures before the wind turbines stopped, but when you look at their locations, you realise they weren't on the main feeders and so weren't the primary cause. There were more pylon failures afterwards, and renewables proponents deliberately try to confuse the issue by mentioning all pylon failures as the primary cause, which of course wasn't the case.
Serge Wright
Greg, it's better to read the reports before offering an incorrect conclusion.
The wind farms had settings that caused shutdown if the number of transcient events (ie: sudden frequency changes) exceeded the configured number within a two minute period. Following the investigation, it was found that the these settings were too low and needed to be increased to a higher value (eg: from 2 to 6). Having a lower value protects the wind farm from damage, which occurs if grid current flows back into the generators if their is a sudden phase or frequency change. The towers that were being brought down by the storm caused the transcient events and when the wind farms all switched off in unison they tripped the main interconnect to Victoria, causing system black.
Of course, the main take-out from this event is that wind farms have no inertia, unlike thermal generators, which can provide additional energy for short bursts from the spinning mass. Whilst higher transcient event settings might improve the resiliency of the wind farms, it doesn't solve the problem of their lack spinning inertia. This is why the SA government buld a huge diesel plant and a large battery farm, becuase below the spin, they know the dangers of too much wind.
accordionsrule
Read it again, Greg, you are wrong. According to this account "The AER said a subsequent loss of wind generation then triggered the blackout, which left 850,000 customers without power."
I assume that switching away from the damaged power lines to the path through wind-associated power lines discovered the hard way that that alternative path was not, and never was, a usable power line. The reliable carbon source had been shielding the failure of the power route through renewables, probably since inception, until for the fraction of time it wasn't. Then meltdown.
Koen van Dijk
You cannot generate wind energy either when there is too much wind.
ALLAN MACRAE
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2018/10/29/ft-funny-we-can-solve-climate-change-by-developing-affordable-green-energy/#comment-2503379
The key problem with grid-connected wind power is intermittency, and the resulting lack of predictable, dispatchable power that is the primary requirement for grid electricity.
I have heard and read many energy neophytes say that grid-scale storage is the solution – and they act like it actually exists. In practical terms, it does not – except for a few rare cases where pumped storage is feasible.
So I would like to announce that I have invented a SOLUTION:
It consists of millions of huge flywheels that are wound up by wind power while the wind blows, and then the power is released back into the grid by tapping power from the rotating flywheels. For longer periods when the wind does not blow, the flywheels are spun by great herds of unicorns, galloping round and round at great speed.
Once we have solved the unicorn-supply challenge we are sure to have a green energy winner! We are applying to the Canadian government in Ottawa for a development grant – PM Justin Trudeau and Climate Barbie have already declared their support.
[I suppose I must say "Sarc/off" for the warmists out there, who tend to believe ANYTHING!]
Reply to ALLAN MACRAE
On slightly more serious note, sometime ago I proposed that wind generated electricity could be used for water electrolysis with the hydrogen powering gas fired turbine generators and oxygen sold to industry to recover some of the cost.
Reply to Vuk
What is the efficiency of that conversion cycle?
Electrolysis efficiency is about 80%, by hydrogen storage compression this would go down to say 70% (0.7)
Modern gas turbines have efficiency around 40% (0.4)
Overall efficiency would be 0.7 x 0.4, let's say about 30%
Typical diesel generator efficiency is of 40% order.
boffin77
hi Vuk. As you know the big question in grid-scale storage is usually efficiency. I was surprised to find (in a very brief search) that electrolysis can be about 80% efficient (which is darn good): https://www.carboncommentary.com/blog/2017/7/5/hydrogen-made-by-the-electrolysis-of-water-is-now-cost-competitive-and-gives-us-another-building-block-for-the-low-carbon-economy
This makes electrolysis a good contender for surge supply but probably not for longer-term dropouts (e.g. multiple days with with no wind and no sun due to overcast weather).
Ferdinand Engelbeen
In The Netherlands, which lack hydropower or pumped storage, they calculated the hydrogen electrolysis route for only peak wind generation hours: that doubles the price of the power: the main problem is that the overall yield of power-to-gas-to-power is around 35% (80% for electrolysis, 45% for gas turbines) and maximum 40% with the use of static converters, but the latter need a platinum catalyst which must be replaced after a year…
The answer does depend on the length of time you are seeking to smooth over. The longer the period the harder it gets because the increasing size of storage and its reducing utilization both push the costs up. It is the hard to beat having significant hydro in your system to act as a buffer, but even here in NZ that is largely run of river hydro inter seasonal remains a problem.
Redox Flow batteries are probably more promising for inter day fluctuations than electrolysis that suffers from efficiency and that hydrogen into gas turbine is still a developing field. Storage in bulk is an issue. The UK CCC has a report looking at hydrogen as a solution that goes into this in quite some practical detail.
Reply to HAS
No, the real answer is not to waste time on assessing these Green fairy tales of ever cheaper renewable power, withdraw all power generation subsidies in all their forms and let the open free cost-leadership competitive commodity power markets solve the problem. Renewable power suppliers would then need to massively invest in R&D to reduce costs, increase efficiencies and/or invent totally new systems simply to maintain market share or even survive. It is technically and economically impossible for all existing renewable power systems to be cheaper than, say, Gas Turbine power.
Even if CO2 emissions are to be taken into consideration and taxed at a rate of £"x" per tone of CO2 emitted per Gwhr power produced which is based on some present day cost of future remedying of damage and disruption created by CO2 – less, of course, the benefits such as crop yields and greening, then none on the present renewable power systems would ever be competitive,. This is particularly so when proper and honest total cost comparisons are made, i.e. when the costs of:
1. nuclear waste and nuclear plant de-commissioning,
2. additional installed capacity of the standby power and extended/enhanced power transmission works etc had to be provided simply because such renewable power as SP's and WT's are not base load and do not supply power when needed but when available, 3. their relatively low capacity and remoteness,
3. or total reservoir and dam costs
are included.
It's about time the professional engineers and project managers of this world kicked in a few economists' and suppliers of renewable powers' doors. The above is simply a day to day basis investment analysis exercise, and not rocket science!
Robert Keon
Hope they allow for gyro precession as it may stop the earth rotating if they don't. That would be par for the course for green inventions. (and I'm saying which part is sarc).
I have a better idea. Take biological material. Bury it under the ground for millions of years. Extract it when and as needed.
Rocketscientist
I'll venture to say that costs of operating a wind farm just suddenly shot up with the added cost of litigation and attendant insurance.
Seems that reliability has its value, and intermittent power suppliers are realizing its cost.
Louis Hunt
Reply to Rocketscientist
We are not doomed, but wind farms are. If wind farms are required to deliver electricity after the main transmission lines have been knocked down by strong winds, their operating costs will have to soar beyond reason. How will wind farms survive if they not only get blamed when the wind doesn't blow, but get sued by regulators when the transmission lines are inoperable? They are being asked to do two impossible tasks: operate without wind or transmission lines, and replace fossil fuels with wind power. Neither is possible. Can we all agree that climate changers are severely lacking in common sense if not completely out of their minds?
Reply to Louis Hunt
Louis wrote:
"Can we all agree that climate changers are severely lacking in common sense if not completely out of their minds?"
But this "climate emergency" fraud has never been about the climate.
THE COST TO SOCIETY OF RADICAL ENVIRONMENTALISM
By Allan M.R. MacRae, B.A.Sc., M.Eng.
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2019/07/04/the-cost-to-society-of-radical-environmentalism/
Ever wonder why extremists attack honest scientists who oppose global warming and climate change hysteria? Ever wonder why climate extremists refuse to debate the science?
It is because global warming and climate change alarmism was never about the science – it was always a false narrative, a smokescreen for the totalitarian objectives of the extreme left.
The novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four", written by George Orwell in 1949, foresaw a time "when much of the world has fallen victim to perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance, historical negationism and propaganda". It now appears that Orwell had remarkable foresight.
Here is the real "Nineteen Eighty-Four", an interview that year with ex-KGB officer and Soviet defector Yuri Bezmenov, who described their long-term program to ideologically undermine the western democracies. Jump to 1:07:30 for Bezmenov's discussion of "ideological subversion". It is all about manipulating the "useful idiots" – the pro-Soviet leftists within the democracies.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3qkf3bajd4&feature=youtu.be
One commenter on the video wrote: "this is crazy, almost everything predicted by this guy is already happening." Bernie Sanders, AOC and other socialist-Democrats are openly saying what Bezmenov predicted decades ago. The last democracies are under attack by leftist extremists.
All over the world, countries that once had a future have fallen into dictatorship, poverty and misery. It is notable that of the ~167 large countries in the world, most are totalitarian states, and all but "the chosen few" citizens of these countries suffer under brutal leftist dictatorships.
Radical greens have used wildly exaggerated stories of runaway global warming and climate change to stampede the gullible, in order to achieve their political objectives. The greens claim to be pro-environment, but their policies have done enormous environmental damage. Radical greens have also been destructive to humanity, causing millions of deaths.
ColMosby
There are plenty of reasons to avoid wind farms – costs way in excess of promised, due to lifespans much shorter than promised.
Tom Halla
It has taken a bit longer than it did in California to try to divert the responsibility of politicians onto somewhere else. California blamed Enron, and mostly gaslighted the memory of who set up the system Enron gamed.
Despite Gray Davis, the Democrat governor being recalled, his replacement proved to be rapidly co-opted by the Democrats. Schwartzenegger was a Kennedy in-law anyway, and much too comfortable with Democratic politics in general.
Failure to blame the people who set up something they didn't really know much about, and were unwilling to learn, seems common to both situations.
Reply to Tom Halla
Much worse was the neglect of transmission infrastructure which led to a number of very destructive fires.
Usurbrain
only way to prevent these incidents is to have a battery, Pumped storage, Compressed air, Hydro generator storage. ready to pickup 100% load in a fraction of a cycle. Protection circuits will dump loads in fractions of seconds to protect the grid, generators and power plants. I tested these circuits.
You need another whole method of generating electricity long enough to safely shut down the excess equipment. just like the small UPS you put on a Desktop PC. Which, of course doubles the cost of Wind farms and large solar farms.
Steve Skinner
Reply to Usurbrain
Spinning reserves.
Reply to Steve Skinner
Aren't all generators flywheels, in a sense? Doesn't the problem lie in the throwing of switches?
Hydro unfortunately does need several seconds to open valves and speed up. An already spinning hydro system can pick up within a cycle, but it must be specially built for it.
I have actually worked with a 'no break power supply' that was a huge flywheel. The grid powered a motor that spun the flywheel which drove a generator and the equipment ran off the generator. If the grid went down there was only 11 minutes of power for one specific set of safety critical equipment.
It is not feasible to provide a backup supply the grid for any time over a few minutes with existing battery technology. Even pumped hydro in most cases is only an hour or so while the water from the elevated position drains through the turbines.
However, this should not be a problem for the grid – it should be a problem for the renewables operators. Their contract should be to provide a contracted level of stable power 24/7. If they have to cope with wind drops, sun going down etc etc. Then it is their problem to fill the gap in their power generation system. Currently they receive beneficial treatment and take no responsibility for their systems not providing power all they are doing is farming subsidies.
Reply to Ian W
"all they are doing is farming subsidies"
Oh no, they are only involved in one aspect of farming: harvesting.
Mike Jonas
Ian W – what a sensible suggestion. The more I think about it, the more sensible it seems.
Reply to Mike Jonas
It's the bleeding obvious Mike as consumers need level playing field power. But what politician is going to tell all the mums and dads now with rooftop solar if you can't reasonably guarantee your electrons 24/7/365 to the communal grid you can keep them? Oops sorry we got it wrong folks and therein lies the massive political problem. We all know home batteries aren't economic and if they were there'd be no electrons to spare anyway so we continue to live this giant lie.
It's called dumping Ian and normally our illustrious ACCC would be all over that but you know how it is with the climate changers and State imprimatur? Some dumpers are more equal than others.
Most major airports in Australia used to have a no-break system consisting of an electric motor/generator spinning a large flywheel, which was clutched to a diesal when the power was lost. Not sure what they have as backup now.
Sweet Old Bob
Looks like CYA to me …
Ed Reid
Reply to Sweet Old Bob
"If it walks like a duck, swims like a duck and quacks like a duck, it is probably a duck."
commieBob
From the above linked ABC article:
In a statement to the Australian Stock Exchange, AGL said the allegations against it "were highly technical in nature".
I bet the AER lawyers burned the midnight oil combing through the contracts so they could find a way to shift the blame.
jtom
From the article, "The failure of the Hornsdale wind farm to ride through network voltage disturbances … was a contributing cause of the black system event and blackout across the South Australian region of the National Electricity Market."
Would this frailty be because of the nature of wind power, or because the company cut corners on equipment capable of handling grid fluctuations, or both?
Reply to jtom
There was no damage at the wind farm. All the damage occurred on the utility owned grid. There was enough wind at the time to generate a lot of power and little to no damage was found at the wind farms after the event. Hower the multiple utility transmission lines were not built strong enough collapsed in the high winds in a short period of time.
Reply to steven F
If that were the sole cause, there would be no cause to file a lawsuit against the windfarm.
Typical mis-direction. No, as others have advised, the main reason for the SA blackout was the incorrect shutdown settings of the wind turbines, NOT the pylons or lines failures. When you closely study the time event sequence and see where the first pylons/lines failures occurred, this is obvious. You are simply parroting what the former state premier and renewables advocates want everybody to believe, but as will hopefully come out in the court case, be totally wrong.
It was the main cause.
Neither. It was more embarrassing than either. The operator had failed to change an idiotic default setting in the control system, indeed they didn't even know it was there. So when the grid "blinked" twice within a minute the whole shebang just shut down.
Rather like you buy a PC that just shuts down if you don't touch a key for 30 seconds.
Reply to tty
Ah, the third possibility: the company cut corners on hiring competent operators. (That might not be fair, but the company is still liable for the failings of its employees.)
I'm not sure how you would strengthen a wind turbine "system" to be resilient to the effects of a high wind event such as a tornado. That is a bit of an extreme situation. You really only have two ways to avoid damage. Either your system is made extremely rigid/stiff to avoid being mechanically deformed by the high winds, or your system is made to be extremely flexible so as to bend with the wind. You could opt for some of the more exotic alloys or carbon fiber technology to provide you with the stiffness while attempting to keep the weight down. But if those blades aren't allowed to spin then they become the equivalent of "sails" on the top of a huge pylon which becomes itself a lever against its base. If they spin at too high a speed then you can damage the turbine head unit that translates the rotational energy from the blades into the electrical energy transmitted to the grid or other network. If you lock down the blades then that mechanical energy developed by the wind against the non-rotating blades won't be translated to electrical energy and instead will be directed through the pylon to the ground. The tornadic winds tend to not flow in a single direction for too long either, the closer you get to the vortex. From the images above, you can see where that mechanical energy against the pylon caused the structural failures at its "weak" spots.
The bottom line is, that whatever you do to make the wind turbine more resilient to high wind events, is going to have the effect of making the electricity generated at those units become more expensive.
Reply to Chad
The main way industrial scale wind turbines deal with high wind is by turning the blades to change the blade pitch. That allows them to put out faceplate power over a wide range of wind speeds and also feather the blades when wind speed exceeds the maximum operational limit or when they need to reduce output.
Secondarily, a braking system locks the blades in place. Very important for some servicing operations.
Of course, tornadoes and hurricanes present special problems. On a per turbine basis, it's unlikely a tornado will hit it during its typical 20 year service life and hurricane-force winds don't extend very far inland.
Take a look at these wind turbine collapse photos. Are they all so flimsy?
https://www.google.ca/search?dcr=0&q=wind+turbine+collapse+photos&tbm=isch&source=hp&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjs6oHs1fjjAhVRds0KHdCQDDgQsAR6BAgIEAE&biw=1127&bih=689
Reply to Sommer
As an engineer it appears to me that the images have one thing in common the main masts all buckled where the blade tips reach. The the enormous bending loads generated by the winds (which occurs whether the blades are rotating or static, just a bit differently) produce large stresses in the support mast. It could be acoustic amplification of the shocks coming off the blade tips or direct impact of the blades with the mast, but all it would take is a very small perturbation to cause the masts to buckle as they have. Perhaps you may have seen you tube videos where someone balances standing atop an empty soda can, then reaches down and merely brushes the side of the can with a finger swipe. The can instantly crumples, buckling the side walls, into flat pancake.
It happens that fast.
yirgach
The center of gravity of the mass of the blades is sitting on top of the mast.
The faster the blades spin, the more reactive force is used to balance the energy of the wind.
Some of that is eaten up by the turbines, at a certain design speed the blades are feathered.
The mast acts like a lever, too much force at the top can break a lever.
Catastrophic failures caused by poor design appear quite possible.
Reply to yirgach
The load on the mast is determined by the blockage factor of the turbine blades and hub and wind speed.
All designs have failure limits. That doesn't necessarily make then poor designs.
Poor design would have missed some primary or even secondary (flutter or harmonic) loads expected to be encountered during designed for operating conditions. Another very big factor in these designs should be damage tolerance to wind borne debris.
We design aircraft to survive bird strikes.
The tornadoes never reached the wind farms. They did however pass over 3 differs transmission lines causing them to collapse and short out.
John F. Hultquist
Reply to Steven F.
It appears there are 2 conversations going on in this set of comments.
Like you, I see a photo at the top of a tower built to carry transmission lines.
There is no wind tower in sight.
Many of the comments — Sommer just above and response by Rocketscientist , for example —
do not relate to the "knocking down huge transmission lines" aspect of the legal action.
All such comments here seem to be Off-Topic (OT).
The downed structures in the images appear to be transmission towers.
These initial line failures were NOT on the main lines to Adelaide or other areas of the state, so they didn't have a material impact on the overall grid. Study the grid power time sequence diagrams to see what really happened, and you will see the grid failing only AFTER the wind turbines shut down.
In this case the shutdown was due to an idiotic default setting in the control system. If it hadn't been for that the farms would probably have been able to ride through, with just a slight loss of speed and power.
As it was set, when the grid "blinked" twice in rapid succession, the farm just shut down and took the grid along with it.
tty,
Indeed, that is what the official report said. Some wind farms had similar settings, others were more tolerant. The point was that this "safety" feature was not known to the regulator.
Another error, from the regulator side (can they sue themselves?) is that the main DC line between Victoria and South Australia was not limited to a maximum load. If that had been the case, the frequency would have dropped to where the emergency generators would have come in. In the blackout case, the DC line was overloaded, without a drop in frequency until the safety device shut it down. That was the final step…
Aaaarrrgh! Mandate that utilities use unreliable power sources and then sue the pants off the utilities because the power sources are unreliable.
Look in the encyclopedia under 'Stupid Voters' and you will find this as one of the examples of the quality of politicians they vote into office.
davidmhoffer
Reply to H.R.
Mandate that utilities use unreliable power sources and then sue the pants off the utilities because the power sources are unreliable.
Its not even the utilities they are suing, its the wind mill operators themselves. So they gave huge financial incentives to companies to build windmills, and are not suing them because the windmills in a storm acted like… windmills in a storm. The argument seems to be that the windmill operators over sold the capabilities of the windmills to withstand a storm.
This is a win if you don't like windmills either way. If the windmill operators prevail in court, then every utility operator will have to include that risk in their plans, and of the government prevails, the liability costs imposed will make building windmills a huge financial risk. Either way…less windmills.
Reply to davidmhoffer
…and are NOW suing them because…
I know, I know, asking for an edit function on this site is fruitless, but I wish there was an edit function….
They sue the operators because they failed the contractual "ride-through" requirements for wind farms. Furthermore this was due to pure negligence, since the operators had failed to change an idiotic default setting in the control system. That they were apparently unaware of this setting is no excuse. As a wind farm operator you are supposed to read the manual.
A number of wind farms that had sensible settings did not shut down, and their operators have not been sued.
Thanks, davidmhoffer and tty. I truly missed that distinction between the utilities and the operators. Glad y'all made follow-up comments.
tx tty, valuable clarification.
kwinterkorn
The bird population is glad for this lawsuit
Bruce Cobb
Yabut, what about "saving the planet"? Think of the children!
pigs_in_space
WTF moment!
"just like the small UPS you put on a Desktop PC"
And you realise those small UPS normally end up as scrap or in landfills within a couple of years when the batteries die, which btw are full of LEAD and ACID!
most people can never be bothered even to replace the batteries when they die (which are mostly made in China – carted half way round the world using fossil fueled ships).
UPS are probably the most unreliable things known to man.
Even data centres with UPS, supposedly 24/365 are constantly going ti..ts up as the BA mega crap-out proved beyond any doubt!
You forgot the /sarc label?
Reply to pigs_in_space
Every one I have ever bought implies that it is ONLY good for letting you do an orderly shutdown. A reading of my post indicated "You need another whole method of generating electricity long enough to safely shut down the excess equipment. " That is all that that super expensive Musk insulation in SA is "a method of generating electricity long enough to safely shut down the excess equipment. " No way will it last long enough to start to a CCTG or even a OTTG. If it is not spinning you end up with a blackout.
Once while testing the main breakers live, after all non energized tests were performed at a new power plant, a breaker at a substation on the other side of town tripped and caused a mini blackout. Seems the engineers did not factor in the new power plant in the protective settings at that plant. That circuit saw a sudden surge and tripped. Just like it was designed to do. Power that was going east to west started going west to east to pickup the load causing the sudden increase in load. Going to happen more and more with the dreamers idea of "Distributed generation." and unreliable energy.
"Every one I have ever bought implies that it is ONLY good for letting you do an orderly shutdown. A reading of my post indicated "You need another whole method of generating electricity long enough to safely shut down the excess equipment. ""
Those are the cheap ones. The expensive ones take easily replaceable lawn mower batteries, which themselves can be recharged at a Budget Battery-type place, and for which one gets a credit. These can keep a computer set-up going for a longer time, especially if one has different UPSs for the accessories.
Patrick MJD
Reply to Roger Knights
In my experience with setting up UPS systems for individual critical servers is that the software is configured to do an orderly shutdown within certain time parameters, even the expensive ones. These days having power backup is more critical because most "servers" are virtual, VMWare or Hyper-V, servers so the host hardware must have a reliable UPS of some kind.
I was wondering when this would appear on this site. The problem with windfarms shutting down sites had nothing to do with wind turbines. The problem was faulty computer code- To summarize, if several bad things happened in sequence, it switched the wind turbines off the grid- It shouldn't have.
By all means criticize the programmers who wrote the code that switched wind power off the grid when it was needed most, but it has nothing to do with the benefits or otherwise of wind power; the code could just as easily have been attached to a gas, coal, or (if they existed in Oz) nuclear plant, as AMEO explained at the time.
The wind turbines were tripped off line because the wind speed exceed their design specifications. With a large number of turbines in the middle of a tornado, hurricane, cyclone all of the same design with the same high wind it will happen, How do you fix that with computer code.
The wind turbines didn't trip off line due to the wind speed. They tripped off line due to damage on the utility owned grid. The were not at the max wind cut out speed and they were not even close to the minimum wind cutout speed.
Above is what I read here –> https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/10/01/south-australias-blackout-apparently-triggered-by-the-violent-fluctuations-from-the-snowtown-wind-farms/ sa
They did not. They shut down because of faulty control settings. The whole thing was carefully analyzed millisecond by millisecond in the subsequent failure report.
It is this faulty default setting (which the operators were happily ignorant about, since they had apparently not read the manual) which is the basis for the legal action. The tornado that took the transmission line down was far away.
RTFM!
Thanks tty. It's the time sequence that's extremely important, and a lot happened in those 12 seconds! All explained at the JoNova website article "SA Blackout: Three towers, six windfarms, and 12 seconds to disaster".
RTFM in Australia is rare these days! Look up the CBA banking disaster of July 26th 2012 to see how NOT READING THE 'KIN manual can lead to major issues.
I agree with this completely. According to the grid report released after the event there were no failures of the wind turbines. All that damage occurred on the utility grid.
The wind turbines were programed to such that if there were multiple power glitches in defined period of time they would shut dow so that the system could be inspected and and repaired. So when the tornadoes took down power lines in three different places in only a few minutes the wind turbines shut down.
I think the energy regulator should
The grid operator did the same thing. if a short tripped a line circuit breaker the grid operator would try to automatically reset it. IF the reset failed after 3 or for attempts they shut down locked out the line so it could be inspected. And when they crew did get their to inspect them they found that the towers of the entire line were blown down.
If I recall correctly try the only problem found was that basically 5 different companies, the grid operator and the wind farms all used similar rules (the software default settings). So that all of them went off line at about he same time. The grid operator didn't ask the wind farms to change their settings until after the blackout.
I think the legal action should be taken against the utility for failing to properly insure that no one was using default settings on the grid and wind farms and for failing to insure that they had enough backup on hand in the event something did break.
BINGO. I was a power plant startup test engineer. I tested these circuit controls for our new plants. Home office design engineers spent years analyzing the power flow on the company owned interconnections to assure all lines are protected. When a breaker opens on this spider web the loads try to get their power from one of the live connections. Not all lines are sized for picking up all of the load. At one plant after getting permission from the dispatcher I started a VERY LARGE motor feedpump. Power went out for the plant and the surrounding community as the utility designers did not calculate things right.
"Tony August 10, 2019 at 7:34 am
…The problem was faulty computer code- To summarize, if several bad things happened in sequence, it switched the wind turbines off the grid- It shouldn't have.
By all means criticize the programmers who wrote the code"
Good program written by good programmers are programmed to specifications.
The program did what the specifications give to the programmers demanded. There is zero blame for the programmers.
Any operator should be aware of the big and small things under their control and all of the switches that get tripped under what conditions.
Failure to adjust/correct/change operating conditions to address changes is the operator's fault; or better stated as the owner's fault.
Jeff Alberts
Unless it wasn't properly tested. There certainly could have been serious bugs. But like attributing zero blame to the programmers, it's speculation.
Is nobody suing the owners of the 23 pylons blasted flat (as shown in the photo?).
because if extreme weather hadn't taken them out, no outage.
and of course there WOULD have been an outage even on a 100% fossil fuel grid with that loss of power lines
Les Johnson
Reply to griff
Wrong, Griff. The loss of the pylons reduced grid stability, through frequency loss. A gas or coal plant would have kept frequency continuity. Wind cannot, by itself. Which is why AEMO said the cause of the blackout was that the ratio of DISPATCHABLE POWER to demand was not high enough. Wind is not in this calculation, as it is assumed to be ZERO.
As credulous and ignorant as ever griff
The reason for the blackout is covered in detail here:
https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Market_Notices_and_Events/Power_System_Incident_Reports/2017/Integrated-Final-Report-SA-Black-System-28-September-2016.pdf
I particularly recommend reading pages 6 and 39-50 which explain in detail how the faulty control system settings on a number of wind farms caused the blackout. Not that I have much confidence in your ability to understand it.
Trying to mix pylon failures that occurred after the main shutdown event occurred with the 2-3 pylons that failed prior. Somebody else tried that recently and said 30 pylons failed. A typical diversion attempt away from the main fact that the Blackout occurred because if faulty wind turbine settings.
Reply to Graeme#4
Is this what happened: 1. The voltage drop caused the wind farms to switch offline to protect themselves.
2. Excessive demand caused imported energy transmission lines to switch offline to protect themselves.
Question. When wind power can be relied on 0% when needed the most, and all of its output must be duplicated 100% by reliable imported power…what good is it?
Maintaining stable voltage levels is an elaborate ballroom dance, and wind power is cutting in, clumsily stepping on everybody's toes.
Kevin kilty
I seem to recall defenders of wind farms arguing at the time the wind farms had no part in this, and it was weather and the transmission operators who were to blame. I think this lawsuit puts that argument to rest even if it is an attempt to find a scapegoat.
Graeme No.3
Reply to Kevin kilty
The excuses started almost immediately after the blackout started. The speed of the 'tornados' has been exaggerated, the transmission lines blamed etc. Claims were made that the turbines would have kept working even though the wind speeds reached 90-120 kph (roughly 56 – 75 m.p.h.) even though they were known to be shut down (blades feathered) at the 90 kph speed.
Certainly some transmission lines were damaged but this may well have occurred after the blackout started. By the way the about photo was an isolated case. Other photos (at the time) showed the towers lying down (with lines still attached) because the concrete footing had been pulled out of the ground. Obviously too small to cope with the wet grounds saturated after heavy rains, even though they had lasted 50 years in service.
The ultimate cause of the blackout was fluctuating frequency which caused the interconnector to Victoria to shut down as a safety measure.
Since then S.A. has operated with strict levels of conventional (gas fired/diesel) generation running and any excess supply gets some of the wind farms shut down by order.
Reply to Graeme No.3
You should read the final report on the event. A power line shorted out and tripped off line. the grid operator tried to reset it. The reset failed and line was locked out for inspection and repair. This happed several times. by the time the last line shorted out there wasn't much of the grid still functioning . Only after the final short did the frrequency fluctuations go out of spec and the victoria interconnected (about the only substantial source of power still left) go off line.
When crews got out to inspect the shorted lines to inspect and repair them they found some down as show in the photos. Others were not as badly damaged but it sill took some time to repair the lines so that they could carry power.
Yes the lines may have only collapsed after the power went out. but they obviously were not capable of carrying any power before the lights went out.
Ron Long
What a great story, Eric! Tornados exact revenge against bird choppers and the idiots that built and supported them sit in the dark! I think I will have a drink and salute tornados.
Finally, a few chickens coming home to roost?
The damage, and opportunity cost, of the green malarkey already runs into the $trillions.
The skeptical arguments win on the science and win on the economics, but probably need to win bigly in the courts before we can rid ourselves of these troublesome priests.
Mark Broderick
"Great Lakes hit record water levels ! "
https://mostofus.ca/great-lakes-hit-record-water-levels/?fbclid=IwAR34u0IkM4ZgYm5d11d7O7ujtil2vQXf8n4oyjkdlBftFIBe9hLylOiswhs
Hmmmm, weren't they complaining about record LOW water levels a few years back ?
Reply to Mark Broderick
Have we reach peak off-topic yet?
clipe
Declining Water Levels In The Great Lakes "May Signal" Global Warming
pochas94
You need a stable base for a useful power system. If the windmills start fighting each other and you have no spinning reserve, the lights go out.
For those who want to actually find out what happened, and why that particular wind-farm operator gets sued I recommend this report (especially pp. 6 and 39-50).
Very briefly: A storm caused failure of two HT transmission lines, this caused several short "blinks" on the grid as the system tried to compensate. This would almost certainly have succeeded since the SA system could draw on the Victoria system for more power and help to stabilize the frequency. However the "blinks" caused a number of wind farms to abruptly shut down, quite unnecessarily, and indeed contrary to contractual "ride-through" requirements, causing a loss of 456 MW. This in turn violently overloaded the Victoria interconnector which tripped. After that there was not nearly enough despatchable power to maintain frequency and the whole grid shut down.
"Australian Government Sues Wind Farm Operators"
This smacks of the government suing itself.
Government subsidies to construct, operate and maintain the wind farm.
A lawsuit against the wind farm appears to be the government trying to pick their own pocket.
If the lawsuit drives the wind farm out of business, what will happen?
The corporate owners will send that wind farm into bankruptcy and then sell that wind farm to another owner. Possibly another division of the same corporation. Bankruptcy will reduce quarterly earnings and likely offset taxes.
The new owner will have bought the wind farm for the subsidies and surcharges revenue.
Both old and new companies will seek government funds to help them cover losses.
They probably hope that it will scare other operators to at least try to understand how their bird-shredders work in the future.
sendergreen
This is eerily similar to the blackouts that occurred 2 days ago (Aug 9/19) in the UK.
A gas fired station and, a giant wind farm in the North Sea both went out, and cut power to areas all over the UK.
Eamon Butler
So, what was wrong with power generation before Wind/Solar got involved? If it ain't broke, don't fix it.
R.E.s are not even necessary.
Eamon.
Johann Wundersamer
"If wind farms cannot be made more resilient against severe weather or instability caused by grid component failures, and if we assume for the sake of argument that future climate change will bring more severe weather and disruption and damage to infrastructure" –
It wasn't "more severe weather and disruption" that brought "damage to the infrastructure" but "violent fluctuations from the Snowtown wind farms":
"South Australia's blackout apparently 'triggered by the violent fluctuations from the Snowtown wind farms'
Guest Blogger / October 1, 2016
Performance of wind farms and fossil fuel powered generators analysed
Guest essay by Tom Quirk
It looks like a natural disaster but brought on by the fragility of the South Australian power system caused by the size of the variations in wind power.
The failure is most likely to have been triggered by the violent fluctuations from the Snowtown wind farms (Figure 1 and 5). Shortly after 3 pm there was a loss of 200MW with a partial recovery some twenty minutes later of 100MW. The total wind farm supply for South Australia also shows these variations (Figure 2).
This would have put a shock to the system for frequency stability at 50 cycles per second. For most of the day the local gas fired generators were only supplying 100 MW (Figure 3) with the balance to match demand with supply coming from Victoria. But the local generators started to increase and vary their output with first a 150 MW loss at Snowtown just before mid-day and then 50 MW variations that followed. Shortly before 3 pm the Hallett wind farms lost and then recovered 70 MW in a 20 minute interval (Figure 4 and 6). This added to the final Snowtown wind farm 200 MW loss. This detail is shown in Figure 5.
So the system instability could trigger Victoria shutting off the link to South Australia and the blackout followed."
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/10/01/south-australias-blackout-apparently-triggered-by-the-violent-fluctuations-from-the-snowtown-wind-farms/


College Burn Northumberland. Yellow Gorse at it's best at the moment.
Back on the road in Montana's "Big Sky Country"
Daffodils along the Aln Valley Northumberland near Alnwick.
Warkworth Castle Northumberland. Daffodils are now at their best.


text:
Q: Access declaring object in Dart lambda How do I access the object I am declaring with a lambda, inside the lambda?
E.g.
final Marker marker = Marker(
  position: LatLng(
    center.latitude + sin(_markerIdCounter * pi / 6.0) / 20.0,
    center.longitude + cos(_markerIdCounter * pi / 6.0) / 20.0,
  ),
  onDragEnd: (LatLng newPosition) async {
    print('Old position: ${marker.position}');
  },
);

gives error: Local variable 'marker' can't be referenced before it is declared.
And
print('Old position: ${position}');

gives error: Undefined name 'position'.

A: Quite frankly you can't do this. As the error states you cannot reference the variable marker before it has been declared. This makes sense because you are trying to reference a pointer to an object that hasn't been been constructed and therefore has no pointer pointing to it.
I would think about why exactly you need to reference the the marker variable inside one of it's constructor parameters. You may be trying to work against the design of the object using the lambda. If you decide you really need to access the marker's data inside the lambda, you could try wrapping the Marker in a factory like this:
class MarkerFactory {
  Marker _marker;
  Marker buildMarker() => _marker ??= Marker(
    position: LatLng(
      center.latitude + sin(_markerIdCounter * pi / 6.0) / 20.0,
      center.longitude + cos(_markerIdCounter * pi / 6.0) / 20.0,
    ),
    onDragEnd: (LatLng newPosition) async {
      print('Old position: ${marker.position}');
    },
  );
}

Let me know if this is helpful.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sue Birch, MBA, BSN, RN, is executive director of the Colorado Department of Health Care Policy and Financing, and a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Executive Nurse Fellow (2002).
Now that I have caught my breath, I wanted to share the Colorado report on Obamacare's October 1st Birthday! Our state has decided to expand our Medicaid program and to form our own marketplace for Coloradans to shop and compare health insurance plans. These changes will help us cover many uninsured Coloradans.
In its first week, Connect for Health Colorado, our state's health insurance marketplace, successfully attracted more than 162,941unique website visitors, had 9,658 calls and chats to the service center, and 18,174 accounts created. We think this is a strong start and know that it will take time for Coloradans who have not had insurance before to learn about their options and apply for coverage. We are working across state government to help make this happen.
At my department, Health Care Policy and Financing, Coloradans can enroll through our new modularized interoperable cloud-based system, PEAK. We had more than 9,000 applications come through this site in the first 10 days of October. It is foundational to our desire to increase new consumerism and greater client responsibility by walking through a self-enrollment process. Our website is Colorado.gov/PEAK and we have seen record traffic to the application site.
Overall, the marketplace opening went quite smoothly for Colorado—the exchange opened successfully, Medicaid began, and our technology functioned efficiently for being such a large, complex system. With the marketplace now up and running, individuals, families, and small employers can start making appointments with Health Coverage-Guides, learn about plan options, and apply for insurance when ready.
This is an exciting moment in health care history and we are proud to be working with partners across our state and our nation to provide affordable health insurance options to all residents of Colorado!


text:
PHILIPPINES Duterte's strongman tactics echo past repression
Protestors hold mock hammers with words 'No Hero' in front of a portrait of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos as they denounce his burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (Heroes' cemetery) during a protest outside the presidential palace in metro Manila, Philippines November 22, 2016. REUTERS/Romeo Ranoco - RTSSQLS
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte's critics fear he aims to emulate the suppression that defined former dictator Ferdinand Marcos' harsh rule
Last Friday's arrest of a Philippine senator who has been the leading voice against President Rodrigo Duterte's unrelenting campaign against drugs was meant to stifle political dissent to his seven-month old regime, and it is only the beginning, analysts say.
Senator Leila de Lima's dramatic fall from grace came on the heels of a sworn testimony of a former police officer who broke his silence on Duterte's alleged "death squad", months after denying its existence.
Police officer Arthur Lascanas confessed to leading the death squad which operated in the southern city of Davao, and directly taking orders from Duterte to kill petty criminals and drug dealers first and political opponents later.
Top of Form
"The rash imprisonment of Senator Leila is blatantly political persecution," said Etta Rosales, a former head of the Commission on Human Rights, who was among the first people to visit de Lima's detention cell inside Manila's main police camp at the weekend.
Rosales, 77, who was jailed and tortured during the repressive Martial Law regime of former dictator Ferdinand Marcos, described the senator in good spirits, despite being locked away in a small cell which can only be reached after going through an "endless labyrinth" of narrow, cemented corridors.
She recalled that Mr. Duterte had said as early as last year about de Lima that he would be "killing her softly" in court after accusing the senator of going after him when she headed the government's rights commission and justice ministry.
"It is quite apparent that he sees nothing wrong in using the powers of his office to get back at a person who he feels has shamed him when he was mayor," Rosales said. "He sees nothing wrong in using these powers to get back at another public official for personal vengeance." Rosales said de Lima was right when she insisted that the president be held "accountable" for past rights abuses.
"On recorded actual killings, Duterte beats Marcos," she said. "His administration allowed for 7,000 plus killings in seven months while recorded killings under Marcos was over 3,000 during 14 years of martial rule."
Ironically, Duterte is a known political ally of the Marcos family, whom he has publicly credited for contributing to his campaign for the presidency last year. One of his first official acts was to rebury Marcos as a hero, touching off massive protests. He has also publicly supported ex-senator Ferdinand Marcos Jr, the son and namesake of his idol who lost the vice presidency last year.
The dictator's two decade regime was ended by a "people power" revolt that forced Marcos into exile in Hawaii 31 years ago last Saturday. His family, however, was subsequently allowed to return home, where they have slowly rebuilt their political fortunes.
"I have always suspected Duterte to be enamored of the character of Marcos. I suspect him to genuinely admire Marcos, the macho leader during his time. He made a hero of Marcos by burying him in a hero's cemetery," Rosales said.
Senator Risa Hontiveros, a former Leftist activist, said the arrest was "outright political persecution" and a travesty of justice. "It is a throwback to an authoritarian past. It highlights the slow death of our democracy and rule of law," she said.
"This sets a dangerous precedent for the government to arrest and incarcerate individuals that it perceives as its enemies, on the basis only of mere allegations and without due process," Hontiveros said.
"By stopping at nothing to persecute Senator Leila, the state sends a chilling message to all–political dissent under this administration will not be tolerated. All those who will oppose will be destroyed," Hontiveros said.
Until last week, de Lima has been the fiercest opponent of the government's drugs crackdown, which has left over 7,000 users and dealers since last year, including those killed by vigilantes.
De Lima spearheaded a Senate panel last year that investigated the killings and heard the testimony from a self-described hit man, Edgar Matobato, who claimed to be part of the Duterte's death squad. An incensed Duterte rallied his allies in the Senate and ousted de Lima as chairwoman of the investigation panel.
His allies soon after held Congressional hearings at which imprisoned drug kingpins testified that they had given de Lima bribes through her driver and bodyguard, with whom she had a romantic past.
The testimonies at the hearings were used as the basis of charges filed against de Lima and spearheaded by Duterte's fraternity brother, Justice Secretary Vitaliano Aguirre, who alleged that the senator used the drug money to fund her senatorial campaign last year.
Responding to the accusation, a defiant de Lima said her arrest was an "an appalling sign of the return of a power-hungry, morally bankrupt and abusive government."
"From the very beginning, I knew that this regime would not seek true justice. The filing of criminal cases against me is only the fulfillment of Mr. Duterte's fixation for revenge against me, because of my investigation of the Davao Death Squad when I was then the Chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights," she said in a statement.
"We all know now that every action of the President has no clear basis. He does it on a whim. Not because it is right or wrong, but because he can do it, and we are letting him. This is impunity. Whatever he does, he is confident that he is free from any punishment," she said.
With her arrest, de Lima said Duterte was effectively trying to derail the public testimonies of his former henchman, whose testimonies she said have unmasked the president as a "murderer and a sociopathic serial killer."
Responding to de Lima's arrest for the first time on Monday, Duterte said he would leave it to the court to decide "who is lying and who is not." He said those criticizing the government's drug war, had nothing to fear "unless you are involved in drugs, you should be."
He assured de Lima's safety while in detention, saying: "I think people are interested not to see her dead but to see her in prison for what she did." But he also said he would not deny that "hundreds of criminals" died in Davao City during his term.
Senator Antonio Trillanes, a de Lima ally and a former soldier who once helped launch a failed rebellion against the government, said the arrest was clearly meant to "send a chilling message to the political opposition and critics that they could be next."
"Well, the effect to me is exactly the opposite. I am now motivated more than ever to expose him for being a plunderer and mass murderer that he truly is," he said.
Posted by Kerry B. Collison at 11:46 AM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One newly opened café in Nova Scotia has taken the daunting plunge and opened as a zero-waste coffee shop and grocery store. Since opening on October 3, The Tare Shop estimates that it's saved more than 2,000 coffee cups and plastic bags from ending up in landfills by refusing to offer to-go cups or excessive packaging.
Customers are encouraged to bring in their own mug, purchase a reusable travel cup at the café, or take one of the café's free mugs from the donated "mug library" to enjoy a beverage at the shop or to go.
"It's been pretty cool to see people come in, all rushed and frantic, in need of their coffee to go, and when we tell them that we don't have any disposable mugs sometimes they'll realize that they have five or 10 minutes and they sit down to have their coffee for here," said Kate Pepler, the shop's owner, in an interview with CBC. The Tare Shop also offers groceries and non-perishables without extra packaging or plastic bags for purchase.


text:
Smoke Interview
Author: Adam Bernard
Unprecedented access to one of the most vast, and varied, indie music libraries on the planet. That's what producer Smoke, of Oldominion, was presented with when K Records approached him about doing a special project for the label.
The project, which is titled All Your Friend's Friends, took nearly two years, and listening to literally hundreds of albums, to complete. Released last month, it serves as both an overview of the sound, and style, of the Pacific Northwest's hip-hop scene, and an homage to the musical aesthetic of the Olympia, WA, label.
RapReviews caught up with Smoke to find out more about All Your Friend's Friends, and the unique qualities of the hip-hop scene of the Pacific Northwest. Smoke also discussed why Olympia is more of a hub for the arts than Seattle, and told a story about how Macklemore lent a hand with situation involving the Seattle Seahawks.
Adam Bernard: Being involved with NYC's hip-hop scene, I know one scene can have dozens of different sounds, and completely different communities of artists. What do you feel is the common musical bond of the cities of the Northwest?
Smoke: For the most part, everything's real dark. We have a very dark sound in the whole Northwest. I always find it funny the super happy-go-lucky hip-hop has made it out of Seattle, and that's not even a 5% representation of what the music sounds like.
AB: Does the darkness come from being in a place where it rains a lot?
Smoke: Yeah, I tend to feel like because it rains a lot things are just a little bit more serious. It's not like it's stereotypes, where you're totally screwed nine months out of the year, (but) it's really a good four month stretch where you just don't see the sun at all. We start working on music during those periods, and then summer comes and everything is still kind of dark. It's kind of like a carryover.
AB: It sounds like you're almost hip-hop's version of film noir.
Smoke: Kind of. I've been on tour a few times, and gone around the country a lot, and we definitely have a very unique sound with hip-hop. It is a lot darker, a lot more serious, I don't want to say (it's) super artsy, but it kinda has that sort of a theme going on.
AB: You put two years of effort into this project with K Records. It blew me away when I heard you were initially approached in 2012.
Smoke: Yes, I was approached in 2012. From when we got the super thumbs up, to getting the album mastered and sent to manufacturing, it was almost two years. I had to go through 365 albums. I took all my material from these albums, so I had to be very thorough. Once I got all the albums on my hard drive I didn't allow myself to make a beat until I went through everything. As I was listening to it, if I heard something (I wanted to use) I'd just take it. I'd loop it, and I'd file it away. I was real methodical with that, because I didn't want to miss anything, and for every song you can find that you want to sample from K Records, they have a dub plate of it, which is kind of a unique thing.
The editing down of all the information, in and of itself, that was like a three month process.
AB: Did you take a break at any time, or was it just three months straight of listening to music?
Smoke: I carved out about four to six hours a day just for listening. I run a studio, so on top of my workload I had to find time to listen to the music. When l left the studio at night, I'd go home, (get) on my laptop, and jam out to some of the stuff.
AB: So you had your normal day in the studio, then you went home and were trying to get through at least four to six albums before you went to bed?
Smoke: Yeah, pretty much. Some days I'd block the days off and just listen all day, sample all day, file away all day. I had a pretty organized system for filing things away where I'd file it away all in what key it was in, and its feel for everything. It totally worked out, because then when I started being able to make the beats, after I went through the whole three months of filing stuff away, the beats got made in a month and a half. They just came out.
AB: Those three to four months of listening to albums, what did that do to your interpersonal relationships?
Smoke: {*laughs*} You know, actually, everything was really cool. There was a book that came out on K Records (Love Rock Revolution: K Records and the Rise of Independent Music) that I was reading while I was doing this, so I was giving my girlfriend the whole history of K as I was going along.
AB: If she's still your girlfriend you know you kind of have to marry her at this point.
Smoke: {*laughs*} Yeah, I know. She puts up with a lot of crap. Luckily I was really good to her in the fact that I didn't make her listen to anything.
AB: Was going through all the music the most difficult part of the process, or did you encounter any other hurdles that were especially tough to get over?
Smoke: That was definitely the most time consuming part of the process. I didn't want to just sample a bunch of stuff and make this album sound foreign to everything that was in K's catalog. I wanted to get a feel for how music sounded on that label, and make something that sounds like it would come out on that label. Conceptualizing everything while listening to it, and then picking out the right samples to sound like something that would be on K, was probably the part I had to wrap my brain around the most.
AB: That description reminds me of the first Us3 project, where they had the whole Blue Note catalog, and they wanted to make it sound like a Blue Note record, but also make it a hip-hop record.
Smoke: That totally slipped my radar. I remember the lead single off of it. I'll have to go back and examine that.
AB: When you pull back from All Your Friend's Friends, and detach from it, and just listen to it, what excites, or surprises, you most about the album?
Smoke: I am still of the school that likes to listen to whole albums, and I'm very happy that, when I do detach, and pull back from it, it has a very unique sound, and if you're familiar with K's catalog it does sound like something that would come out on K... well, because it did, but it sounds like something they would put out.
I was also glad I didn't sample a lot of well known things. (K Records founder) Calvin (Johnson) was kind of surprised that I left out a bunch of stuff. He was pretty stoked that I didn't just go for the really well known, beat happening, things, and that I picked totally weird and obscure things to sample.
AB: Do you have any especially memorable moments from the recording process?
Smoke: Yeah, actually. There was one song in particular, "Evolve Away," I didn't even really like that beat very much, and XP (Xperience), he's on a couple of the songs, I left the room to do something, and he records with me a lot, so he knows how my computer system is set up, and he started going through the beat folder. I came back down and he was like, "What is this?" I'm like, "It's something, I don't know, I haven't assigned it to anybody." He said, "Let me take it home." He took it home, and came back in a week or two, and had my personal favorite song on the album written and recorded. I was blown away by it. That beat wasn't even going to be used, but because he was sneaking around in my beat folder he found it and did something awesome to it.
AB: Sometimes it's good to have nosey friends who go through your stuff.
Smoke: Yes it is, especially when it's Xperience. That dude's really talented.
AB: The album has a strong focus on Olympia, WA, which is interesting because I think a lot of people would probably assume Seattle would be the musical epicenter of the Pacific Northwest.
Smoke: Yeah, this is the weird thing, I'm from Seattle, but when I first moved down here (to Olympia) Macklemore was still living here. A lot of the Nirvana dudes lived in Olympia. A lot of people, before they're famous, they live in Olympia. They never really come from Seattle. They come from the outlying areas, and when they've finally reached the point in their career when they're like, we can't be in Aberdeen, or Olympia, or Tacoma anymore, then they migrate to Seattle.
Seattle's kind of crazy. It's very spread out, and the cost of living there does not allow you, really, to make art, unless you have a good situation happening. Olympia is 60 miles from Seattle, and we do have a good bus system. You can hop on a bus for $3 in Seattle and end up in Olympia in an hour and a half.
AB: Give me a story from your experiences in Olympia that you feel perfectly illustrates what the scene is all about.
Smoke: Well, it's not really a story, it's more like how my business model works. I run a studio. I'm able to afford to rent a place for my studio, rent a place for my house, and I have a lot of people from Seattle, and Portland, and Spokane even, all come, and they're able to stay here for a couple of days. It's really cheap to sit out here and live, and what you have is you kind of have an arts utopia around here. There are a lot of people who can afford to do music for a living, a lot of really good musicians that I can call up at anytime, and they'll come through with all of their gear and throw down. Olympia also has the most liberal college, it was just rated the most liberal college in America, in The Evergreen State College, where they have a lot of experimentation going on with their curriculums, and you're able to go and basically help young musicians outline some sort of course curriculum, and they can get credit for working on music with you.
AB: That's awesome! Staying in the area, Macklemore blew up a few years ago. When that happened, did you see an increase in interest in your scene, and did shows suddenly become more well attended, or did it turn out to be a more singular, Macklemore-centric, thing?
Smoke: I think just in the Northwest in general everyone became really excited about it because we are kind of an isolated hip-hop scene. I know Macklemore as a person, he's a good dude, and to be able to see how he did it, I remember when he had 200 Twitter followers, and to see him build up everything that he did, in the way that he did, and how he was a master at using social media to level up, was quite a feat to watch.
AB: He also seems like he's a genuinely nice person.
Smoke: Yeah, and dude, I'm a huge Seahawks fan, me and my dad used to watch the games, so I've been watching since I was a kid. I went to a game last year and I got kicked out for no reason. The security came up to me, they kicked me out of the game, and they gave me a lifetime ban. Everyone in my section was like you guys are trippin, this dude has been leading the cheers pretty much. It was a crappy situation. I caused a stink about it on Facebook, and all my friends who know me, who have watched the games with me, they wrote to the Seahawks people. The Seahawks ticket office, who banned me from the games, called me, and they were just like, "There's absolutely nothing we can do," so I hit up Macklemore, and he, within like two days, had me reinstated, (and) had a letter coming in from the coach's assistant saying I'm all good to go, I can come to any game I want now. He's still a cool dude even though he's super famous.
AB: None of us know if there's a body in a trunk somewhere, and that's what got you back into the Seahawks games.
Smoke: {*laughs*} He's still a cool dude, and still down.
Check out the K Records compilation and follow Smoke on Twitter at @SmokeM2D6.
Follow Adam @AdamsWorldBlog. Follow the site @RapReviews!
Originally posted: December 2nd, 2014


The Spanish Government has decided to try to create more demand for new properties by cutting IVA (VAT) from 8 to 4 per cent thus saving a property purchaser a sizeable €8,000 on a €200,000 purchase.
Spain's economy was plunged into recession following the collapse of its once-buoyant property sector.
The government is also hoping that building projects will help create jobs and cut the unemployment rate, which is one of the highest in the eurozone.
A reduction in tax paid on new properties and incredibly low prices are set to boost the Spanish property market, according to real estate professionals.
The 50 per cent reduction in VAT is applicable until 31st December 2011 and has been widely welcomed by the property industry.
Will Cyprus follow Spain's example?
Author SpainHouses.netPublished on August 24, 2011 August 24, 2011 Leave a comment on Will Cyprus follow Spain's example?
Spanish government has announced plans to temporarily reduce the rate of VAT on newly built housing. It is an attempt to encourage sales and boost property market.
The announcement came at a recent press conference where the Spanish Finance Minister, Elena Salgado, announced that rate of VAT on newly built housing will be reduced from 8 to 4 per cent until the end of the year.
Cyprus is in a similar position to that of Spain with thousands of newly built properties remaining unsold and littering the once popular seaside areas. Prices too have fallen and unemployment in the industry has risen sharply since the market peaked in 2007.
Published on August 24, 2011 August 24, 2011 Author SpainHouses.netCategories Real EstateTags Cyprus, Government of Spain, real estate, Value added tax, VATLeave a comment on Will Cyprus follow Spain's example?
Author SpainHouses.netPublished on August 24, 2011 1 Comment on Can Housing Policy be an Effective Stimulus?
The housing market predicts local economic conditions. There is a correlation between the percentage of underwater mortgages in a state (i.e., mortgages on which the homeowner owes more than his property is worth) and the unemployment rate.
"There's no environmental review to conduct or long-delay in actually getting this into motion; underwater consumers who want to knock a few hundred dollars off their mortgages are well-incentivized to initiate, carry out and make sure this gets completed themselves. It outsources much of the bureaucratic requirements to those consumers who stand to benefit" - Mike Konczal.
Published on August 24, 2011 Author SpainHouses.netCategories Real EstateTags housing, Mortgage loan, Real estate economics, Unemployment1 Comment on Can Housing Policy be an Effective Stimulus?
When financing a house, it is essential to analyze what sort of mortgage adjusts to your necessities.
"Fifteen-year mortgage rates certainly look enticing these days, and the idea of owning a home, debt-free, in less time than it takes to raise a child, sounds grand. So what's the catch?" asks Vickie Elmer in The New York Times.
Before choosing a 15 or 30-year loan, calculate how much money there will be left aside your monthly mortgage fee. Is it enough for you to live on?
"On a $300,000 loan, for example, you would pay about $1,475 a month for principal and interest over 30 years, versus $2,145 over 15 years. That assumes a 4.25 percent rate on the longer loan and 3.5 percent on the shorter one.
You would save about $145,000 in interest payments over the life of a 15-year mortgage and build up equity in the home faster [...]. In the first year, principal would be reduced by $15,000, versus about $5,000 on a 30-year loan".
The more you can reduce years in a mortgage the better. But, nonetheless, if you are worried about job security you should opt for a 30-year mortgage. Keep in mind that spreading out the loan length increases the final price of a house.


text:
Why is my period blood pink?
How do you know if jewelry is Pawnable?
Can a dream come true?
Asked by: Mr. Jaleel Gislason
Sometimes, dreams come true or tell of a future event. When you have a dream that plays out in real life, experts say it's most likely due to: Coincidence. Read more
Sadhguru - Why Do Some of My Dreams Come True & Some Don't | Mystics of India
What did Sangwoo's mother do? + 20 related questions
Is Minecraft bad for my kid? + 38 related questions
What happens if you squish a pregnant roach? + 45 related questions
Can Muslims have multiple wives? + 27 related questions
Why is Lester crippled? + 32 related questions
Who is Leo's true love? + 22 related questions
How do you get rid of a dry throat? + 32 related questions
Is SRI the same as Lexile? + 29 related questions
Who is the owner of snail white? + 23 related questions
Are teeth organs? + 26 related questions
Is a dream come true Correct?
Since you're talking about a state that always occur you add 's' to the verb 'come. ' Thus, 'A dream comes true' is grammatically correct.
Do dreams really mean anything?
The theory states that dreams don't actually mean anything. Instead they're merely electrical brain impulses that pull random thoughts and imagery from our memories. ... This is why Freud studied dreams to understand the unconscious mind. Therefore, according to Freud, your dreams reveal your repressed wishes to you.
Why do my dreams feel so real?
And, while there's no one thing that can explain why our dreams feel like they're happening IRL, there are a few usual suspects. Stress, anxiety, heavy drinking, sleep disorders, medications, and pregnancy could all be to blame for those vivid dreams.
Why do my dreams come true in real life?
Sometimes, dreams come true or tell of a future event. When you have a dream that plays out in real life, experts say it's most likely due to: Coincidence. Bad memory.
How do you say dream come true?
There are many other ways you can say that something is "a dream come true." You might say that you "got your heart's desire." Or, you might say that "your deepest fantasies have come to life." Alternatively, you can also say that something represents your "aspirations actualized," which might seem stuffy at the outset ...
How do I make my dream come true?
The past participle come can be used with the verb be, which is why a dream come true is possible; this is normally possible with all verbs that can be or once could be used with be. "A dream come true" "Come" is the past participle form of the Irregular verb "come".
Who makes dreams come true?
Vocalist Miwa Yoshida, bassist Masato Nakamura, and keyboardist Takahiro Nishikawa formed Dreams Come True in 1988. The band is commonly known as DCT (Dreams Come True) and sometimes referred to as "Dorikamu" (ドリカム). Their first album sold more than one million copies in Japan.
What happens if you tell someone your dream?
It doesn't matter if you tell people your dream or if you don't tell people your dream. A dream may come true or it may not. There's no magic involved. Dreams are just products of our imagination, what the brain does as it combines fragments of memory with imagination.
How long does a dream last?
The length of a dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20–30 minutes. People are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phase.
Why do dreams make no sense?
Dreams Rarely Make Sense Because They Are Usually More Emotional Than Logical. ... This would suggest that dreams are emotional, not logical. Emotion is very complicated, but it often doesn't make any logical sense. Dreams convey feelings very well, they amplify feelings, they don't amplify logic.
Why do dreams come?
One widely held theory about the purpose of dreams is that they help you store important memories and things you've learned, get rid of unimportant memories, and sort through complicated thoughts and feelings. Research shows that sleep helps store memories.
Why can I feel touch in my dreams?
Yes it is possible to feel several or even full of the senses while dreaming. It's called epic dream a higher level of lucid dream. You can feel anything in your dream, gravity, temperature, taste, sense of touch,et. If I want I can feel pain too but it's less painful than the actual pain in the real life.


Orlando City SC have signed center back Robin Jansson from Swedish first division champions AIK, the club announced Tuesday.
Jansson, 27, made 25 appearances for AIK last season and made his debut for the Sweden national team in January. He has spent his entire career in his native country, making 50 appearances for IK Oddevold.
After a disappointing defensive season in 2018, Orlando have taken strides to improve that end of the field in 2019. They have drawn their opening two matches.
Orlando are next in action on Saturday against the Montreal Impact (4 pm ET | TVAS — Full TV & streaming info).


text:
Sadler's Lectures
Gregory B. Sadler Lectures on classic Philosophy Society Podcasting Education contemporary philosophical texts thinkers by Gregory B. Sadler 20th Century
By Gregory B. Sadler, Lectures on classic, Contemporary philosophical texts, and Thinkers by Gregory B. Sadler. Discovered by Player FM and our community — copyright is owned by the publisher, not Player FM, and audio is streamed directly from their servers. Hit the Subscribe button to track updates in Player FM, or paste the feed URL into other podcast apps.
Sadler's Lectures « »
Miguel De Unamuno, Tragic Sense Of Life - Reason As A Social Product - Sadler's Lectures
This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, novelist, playwright, and poet Miguel de Unamuno's book Tragic Sense of Life It focuses specifically on what he means by his claim that "reason is a social product" To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4quYdWoM You can find over 1500 philosophy videos in my main YouTube channel - www.youtube.com/user/gbisadler Purchase Tragic Sense of Life - https://amzn.to/3aZYadC
Similar to Sadler's Lectures
Joan Halifax | Zen Buddhist Teacher Upaya Abbot
The Upaya Dharma Podcast features Wednesday evening Dharma Talks and recordings from Upaya's diverse array of programs. Our podcasts exemplify Upaya's focus on socially engaged Buddhism, including prison work, end-of-life care, serving the homeless, training in socially engaged practices, peace & nonviolence, compassionate care training, and delivering healthcare in the Himalayas.
The History of Rome
A weekly podcast tracing the history of the Roman Empire, beginning with Aeneas's arrival in Italy and ending with the exile of Romulus Augustulus, last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Now complete!
Smart People Podcast
Jon & Chris
Smart People Podcast is a biweekly, interview-based podcast that features today's most well respected thought leaders engaging in authentic, insightful conversation for the benefit of the listener. The host, Chris Stemp, and his co-host/producer Jon Rojas, utilize their insatiable curiosity and relatable charm to provoke their guests into giving the interview of a lifetime. Every single guest has achieved a high level of recognition within their arena and in doing so has collected a wealth o ...
True stories for English speakers learning Spanish. From the makers of Duolingo, the most popular language-learning app, comes a new podcast that delivers fascinating real-life stories in easy-to-understand Spanish with English narration. These are not language lessons; they're life lessons through language. Hosted by Martina Castro, co-founder of NPR's Radio Ambulante.


text:
De Wereldbeker schaatsen 2009/2010 Wereldbeker 4 was de vierde race van het Wereldbekerseizoen. De wedstrijd werd gehouden op de Olympic Oval in Calgary, Canada van 4 tot en met 6 december 2009.

Tijdschema

Podia

Mannen

Vrouwen

Externe link
 Uitslagen

 4
Schaatsen in Canada
Sport in Calgary
Sportevenement in Canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
U.S. President Reagan's shooter John Hinckley wins unconditional release
Towleroad September 27, 2021 Leave a Comment
By Jan Wolfe
WASHINGTON (Reuters) – A U.S. judge on Monday said he would grant "unconditional release" to John Hinckley, who wounded former U.S. President Ronald Reagan and three other people in a 1981 assassination attempt.
"I am going to, after all these years, grant unconditional release to Mr. Hinckley," U.S. District Judge Paul Friedman said during a court hearing in the District of Columbia.
In 2016, Friedman allowed Hinckley to move out of a Washington psychiatric hospital, where he had lived for three decades, but imposed restrictions on his travel and internet usage.
Friedman said during Monday's hearing that he planned to lift those remaining restrictions. Hinckley's mental health problems are "in remission" and that he no longer poses a danger, Friedman said.
Friedman said he would issue a written order later this week memorializing his decision.
A federal prosecutor, Kacie Weston, said during the court hearing that the U.S. Justice Department agreed Hinckley should be given unconditional release. But Weston argued the restrictions should not be formally lifted until June 2022 so that prosecutors can continue to monitor Hinckley as he transitions to living on his own following he death of his mother.
Reagan suffered a punctured lung in the assassination attempt but recovered quickly.
Others wounded included White House press secretary James Brady, Secret Service agent Timothy McCarthy and Washington police officer Thomas Delahanty.
Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity at a 1982 jury trial. That verdict prompted Congress and some U.S. states to adopt laws limiting use of the insanity defense.
The shooting helped launch the modern gun control movement as Brady, who was left permanently disabled, and his wife, Sarah, founded what is now known as the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence.
(Reporting by Jan Wolfe; Editing by Bill Berkrot)
Topics: Aaon, towleroad
Previous Post: « Jurors reach verdict in R Kelly sex trafficking trial
Next Post: US warns Americans fake pills contain deadly fentanyl »


On many occasions it has been said that as a person grows older they become more and more exhausted, which is something that no one can avoid, but in reality this may be something that many people will not happen to, here we will tell you the reason for this affirmation.
There are a lot of factors that can determine the slow or accelerated progress of the inevitable natural aging process. One of the factors that can cause the passage of time to be noticed sooner than it really should be is depression; a person who lives depressed and bad humorada can be seen much older than one of the same age who has more reasons to live happy and smiling, or at least share more with other people and seeks to be always distracted. Another point that can favor the delay of aging may be to maintain a healthy lifestyle and eating habits.
In this opportunity we will list some beliefs about the factors that can determine if the aging process accelerates or takes longer to appear or at least become noticeable, many of which turn out to be just that, myths or false beliefs that many people take for granted.
False It all depends on the behavior and how we take the reins of our lives, if we exercise, we learn to handle each of the emotions that occur every day in our life, if we control situations that cause us stress and we can also have adequate hours of sleep, very surely we can achieve that inevitable old age is slow to appear.
Does one age as it feels old?
False , since everything has to do with the style of life that each person has, for example if an elderly person throughout his life has taken care of himself, he can look much younger than he really is, but on the contrary a person who does not take care of himself, who drinks liquor, stays up late and leads a disorderly life may seem much older.
False. If an elderly person performs exercise, can increase strength and muscle mass, it has also been shown that just walk for thirty minutes a day can significantly improve the quality of life of older adults.
False This does not have to be cause for fear to think that, as we are getting older, we are going to run out of memory or we no longer have the capacity to learn new things. In fact, through some research that has been carried out in this regard, it has been possible to affirm that the parts of the brain that have to do with memory and learning capacity every day produce other new cells , therefore each day can replace those that are wearing out, which is very beneficial for this important body.
False. If a healthy lifestyle has been maintained and a good quality of life has been maintained, maintaining a positive attitude towards the different circumstances that we have to face, vitality will always be present, in addition if we practice exercises and sleep enough, very surely always We will be happy, with courage and energy to perform all daily tasks without the slightest hint of weakness.
The episodes of sadness should serve us to learn, take new directions and emerge strengthened.
False Happiness is not determined in any way by the years, on the contrary, there are thousands of people who feel much happier and fuller as they get older and a fortiori, if a daily routine is done in which all the good ones are included. habits of healthy life and, in addition, you surround yourself with people who have a positive attitude towards life.
The best way to stay young, active, happy and healthy is to maintain a positive attitude in front of all the daily problems, to solve them with intelligence you must be calm, this depends largely on happiness and youth that we demonstrate to all, if we let ourselves be carried away by pessimism, sadness, and always complain what we project to others it will be a lonely and sad finished being that will look much older than it really is.
What are the worst habits of women's health?


text:
Ru:Имена в Gramps
From Gramps
(Redirected from Names in Gramps/ru)
English • Deutsch • français • русский
Please update or expand this section.
The name of a person is a central concept in genealogy. In Gramps, you can enter name information in the Person Edit Dialog and from the Names tab or the Edit icon at the top of this dialog, you can jump to the Name Edit Dialog.
Person Edit Dialog
Name Edit Dialog
1 Name Types
2 Names in a Name Type
2.1 Family Name
2.2 Prefix
2.3 Given Name
2.4 Call Name
2.5 Suffix
2.6 Происхождение
2.7 Title
3 Handling names
3.1 Nicknames
3.2 Name Grouping
Name Types
A name is likely to be derived of a certain Type or grouping. Some types of names are predefined:
Birth Name (default): Name given at birth to a child, possibly recorded on a Birth certificate.
Married Name : Name one adopts after marriage. In many cultures, it is customary that the officially used name of a spouse is changed to reflect some variation of the other spouse. Predominantly, this has been a public demonstration of obsequience by a wife that she tacitly agreed to coverture in patriarchal societies. (This pervasive masking of the wife's birth name also makes genealogical research of wives far more difficult.)
Also Known As : An alias. Another name by which the person is recognized or acknowledged.
Unknown : names needing more research to determine their derivation.
Other Name : a catchall or miscellaneous grouping. Use sparingly.
As with most Type pop-up menus in Gramps, one can add custom name types. As an example from some cultures, a new name is adopted after (adult) baptizing. If that situation presents commonly, one could just type in a new custom label to add 'Baptized name' (aka Baptismal, Christened or Confirmation name) in the name Type menu. From then onward, that label will be selectable in the name type for that family tree.
A name entered as an Also Known As type is frequently annotated with the aka acronym (the typographical convention preferred to a.k.a. or AKA by the Associated Press or the Merriam-Webster and Oxford English Dictionaries) in genealogical Sources. Some people have a preference for using that or 'Alias' instead of the longer 'Also Known As' form. Other people would rather see the 'a.k.a.', 'a/k/a', or 'AKA' typographically in reports which also print a label with the name Type.
There are several types that have been proposed for the built-in list of name types over the years: derogatory, pejorative, clerical error, sic (for the Latin annotation sic erat scriptum meaning thus was it written), typo, reversed/inverted/jumbled, patron name (for cultures prepending a Patron Saint's name), pen name, stage name, or professional name.
But it has seemed reasonable to keep the standard built-in list terse and compact. This makes a more less confusing menu... without unfamiliar and seldom used groupings to be learned. It also makes exploring a sequence of name Type filters less involved. You can add custom entries for the just the types that will be meaningful when filtering names in your Tree.
People category filter rule: General filters... People with the <Name type>
Names in a Name Type
Within a name type, you have several fields to identify uniquely the name.
The family name is the part of the name which, according to law or custom, is passed from parents to child. Gramps defaults to the patronymic option, labeled Father's surname, in the Display tab of the Preferences for Surname guessing.
In the People category view, people are sorted based on this family name. In the case of cultures which do not use family names, one can use the grouping feature in the Name editor to design a name under which to group people from the same family.
A Prefix is an optional modifier of the surname and describes the relationship to the surname. Prefixes are separate, spaced away from the surname and stores as a separate field. This field is ignored by sorting. Over time, some Prefixes become assumed to be integral to the Surname. In such a case, the Prefix is moved from the Prefix field and into the Surname field. Sometimes, the former Prefix is joined to the stem (the old surname) with a connector (such as a hyphen, space, or apostrophe) or simply abutted to the Surname without any space.
Some Prefixes can indicate that the surname is actually the Place from which a person (or family) originated or even directional proximity to such a place. It can denote royalty or nobility of the surname. It can mean 'child of' and indicate their gender. Other prefixes can denote the leader of an extended family or holding a superior position.
The given name is the part of the name of a person which is chosen freely by the parents. Although the parents may feel constrained by regional or ethnic traditions to follow namesake conventions.
The accuracy of this section is contested --DuncanNZ 09:49, 26 August 2008 (EDT)
We need to look in the email archive for a proper definition by the people who requested this feature.
The Call name feature is inspired by the German word Rufname -- a compound of the words "anruf name" which literally translates to "Call name." And there is a similar Swedish structured concept known as tilltalsnamn -- a compound form of "tilltals namn" translating to "heard name." However, Gramps originated as an English product where there is no directly comparable analogue to this "Call Name." That makes the "Call Name" both a source of confusion to that community and harder to describe in English.
It does not fall into the more universal concept of a nickname, nor is it necessarily the familiar name by which a person is most commonly referred by their closest associates. However, it is the part (or parts) of the Given Name by which the person is the officially identified. And, if the nickname is keyed off a formal name, the Call Name is the key to the name.
Among the formal forenames given at birth, some cultures pick out a particular one to use for official and normal public use: the Call Name. (Think of it as analogous to the ancient idea that a person's public name is not his 'real' secret name, knowledge of which would give power over him to others). One of the formal given birth forenames is taken (typically *not* the first) as the Call Name. In Germany, this official name is frequently underlined in official documents. The concept is common in Northern Europe; the first name is often a saint's name or that of an honoured relative; or the first name may be the 'spiritual' name, while the call name is a secular one. There are contrasting views on whether a shortened form of a person's name can also be a call name; some consider that to be a nickname; as an additional complication, for example in Sweden, the (official) call name may be a name that is different from any of the forenames given at birth.
An optional attribute (characteristic) identifying how a name was culturally derived for a Person. The most commonly used Origin should be considered when making a Surname Guessing choice in the Display tab of Preferences.
Custom Origins may be typed in at any time. Pre-defined items of the origin selection menu include:
UNKNOWN: indeterminate origin
CUSTOM: Custom user defined origin
NONE: no given origin
INHERITED: name was based on the parent name(s)
PATRILINEAL: name was inherited from father's family name
MATRILINEAL: name was inherited from mother's family name
GIVEN: name was bestowed on the individual (includes 'John Doe' names)
TAKEN: name was chosen by the individual, including when adopting a spouse's surname
PATRONYMIC: name is derived from father's given name
MATRONYMIC: name is derived from mother's given name
FEUDAL: name refers to the holding of land in a fief
PSEUDONYM: name is fictitious
OCCUPATION: name refers to the trade employing the person
A title given to this person. Titles often accompany names on all official documents, eg Sir, Dr., ...
Handling names
The Edit Person Dialog has fields to enter the standard name of a person. In this, the call name can be entered directly here. To refine the info about this name, one can click on the Edit icon to bring up the name editor.
Furthermore, one can add extra names in the names tab of this editor. To switch a new name to be the standard name, one needs to use the context menu (right click on the name), and select 'Save as default name.'
Nicknames can be handled in two ways; either as a name type: Add Name, overwrite 'Birth Name' with 'Nickname' in the name Type, or use the AKA default name type.
Alternatively, one can save the nickname as a new Attribute as part of the person information.
Name Grouping
In the name editor, one can override the default grouping of a person in the person view based on his Family Name. This is done by entering grouping information.
GEPS 021:Additional Name Fields
Names Discussion
Starting discussion: compound surnames (Portuguese)
Discussion: Proposals for additional name fields
Bug tickets:
0003161: please rename "patronymic" to "middle name"
0004598: new name format copies patronymic into surname as well as leaving it as a patronymic when importing
0008576: Extension to people naming schemes for Asians
Retrieved from "https://blog.gramps-project.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ru:Имена_в_Gramps&oldid=79255"
Ru:Gramps terminology
All content is available under GNU Free Documentation License 1.2, see Copyrights. Manual content is also available under GPL v2+.