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The Making of a Bad Attitude: An Abridged History of my Wage Slavery
Tales of toil and occasional termination from offices and stores in San Francisco in the 1970s and 80s by Lucius Cabins for Processed World.
Submitted by ludd on March 1, 2010
I've been working for money since I was fourteen years old. I've held a variety of jobs: caddie, baker, house painter, furniture refinisher, bookstore clerk, environmental door-to-door canvasser, warehouseman, information desk clerk, temporary word processor, secretary, and now typesetter/graphic artist. For the past five years I've been involved with Processed World, and its bad attitude has been a part of my employment history for years.
What is a bad attitude? I'd say it's a general unwillingness to submit to the conditions of wage-slavery. It's demonstrated most dramatically in a surly, uncooperative manner on the job, but must usually be more subtle. The worker with a bad attitude is always looking for ways to work less (procrastination, losing things), to surrender less time to the job (coming in late, leaving early, long breaks and lunches, lots of sick days), to further private pleasures and human interaction on the job (talking a lot, smoking dope), and by doing one's own creative work on the job.
A bad attitude is a fundamentally normal, human response to the utter absurdity of most modern work. It's a mystery to me why more people don't demonstrate a bad attitude--i suppose it's because they fear unemployment and/or lost income and have learned to smile and hide their true feelings. Of course I've done that too, and all too often. You can't get a job in the first place without smiling and lying through your teeth!
Sometimes people don't demonstrate bad attitudes because they actually enjoy their work. Why people enjoy work is harder to explain, but I postulate three basic reasons: 1) the work is a convergence of avocational interests and paying work (this is extremely rare); 2) the work, though boring and/or frustrating, is preferable to the individual's life with family, or friends, or lack thereof; and 3) going to work saves one from finding and creating meaning, of deciding what's worth doing (this is obviously not an explicit motivation, but I think it is a subterranean spur). In the latter two cases, the job serves as a safe haven from the vacuum of meaninglessness in which this society would otherwise leave the individual. Providing economic security reinforces this feeling.
A bad attitude is also a strategic choice in terms of on-the-job resistance and organizing. It may not always be the best choice either! Often, as in my situations at Waldenbooks and at Pacific Software, my attitude pissed off my coworkers as much as the management. This in turn increased my isolation and despair, which undermined the possibility of active resistance. All too often coworkers are as likely to be adversaries as allies owing to their identification with management, or to their own fear. Alienating oneself from gung-ho co-workers can also be an effective survival strategy.
My bad attitude didn't result from a specific job, or erupt suddenly. I had felt stunted and that I was wasting my time in public school. Growing up in Chicago and Oakland I found myself in classrooms where I almost always sat through reviews of material I already knew like the back of my hand. Busywork was the rule, not the exception. Little did I realize then that my work life would be remarkably similar.
I should qualify the story of my bad attitude by pointing out that I've had an extremely easy time finding work. My status as an educated, articulate, white male with decent typing skills has ensured that. I've seldom feared losing a job so much that I'd endure any humiliation, so having a bad attitude has been easy for me.
I should also mention that I'm a good worker. I actually enjoy doing a wide variety of tasks and hope to live someday in a society where I can freely use my numerous skills in my community without getting locked into a "career path." I tend to be over-efficient and organized, but this leaves me feeling stupid on paying jobs because virtually all of them have been fundamentally useless to society, and my skills benefited the owners, not me. I don't think all work is stupid and useless, but even when there is a tangible purpose and value, the work is organized to ensure that more than half of the time spent is taken up with superfluous paperwork, redundant busywork, and meeting the needs of the money system, not the actual human needs it ostensibly serves.
WALDENBOOKS
My first "real" job came in 1974 when I got hired by Waldenbooks in a new mall outside Philadelphia, for $2.10 an hour (minimum wage at the time). I felt lucky because at 17 I wasn't really eligible for employment under Pennsylvania's child labor laws. As it turned out, it was the first time my common sense ran smack into the rules of the job and hence my first display of a bad attitude.
Business was pretty slow, so after dutifully cruising the store to straighten tables and replace sold books, I ended up behind the register with a good book. Much to my amazement, this was not allowed by Waldenbooks's chainwide rules! I was supposed to be on my feet for the entire 8-hour shift (it was presumably an act of kindness that my boss allowed a chair behind the counter), and furthermore, we clerks were to greet each customer at the door and try to sell him or her books. Allowing people to browse, thattime-honored bookstore tradition, was considered bad management. Our manager was frequently chastised for her staff's lack of aggressiveness!
In spite of regular admonitions to stop, I continued to read behind the counter, arguing that no one could possibly be offended by a bookstore clerk reading! Of course I also did a huge share of basic store maintenance--book stocking and ordering, minor bookkeeping, etc.--plus I knew where books were better than the other employees--they needed my labor and knew it, so the standoff lasted for months.
I left for college after Xmas and they begged me to come back for the summer. When I did, I was informed that all males must wear ties while working. That was really too much; no way was I going to wear a tie as a flunky sales clerk for $2.25 an hour!
After some heavy scenes with the store and district managers, I finally submitted. But I always took my tie off for lunch and "forgot" to put it on afterward. This omission permanently ruined relationships with my more obedient coworkers, who weren't inclined to fight about this. I lasted a few more weeks and then quit--I had completely stopped wearing a tie and blatantly spent time reading at the register. My days were numbered, so I self-terminated.
This job taught me that work wasn't much different from school. I had learned a foolproof strategy in junior high school: work really hard and impress teachers during the first weeks; they'll label you an overachiever and leave you alone the rest of the year. My early work experience taught me that the same strategy worked just as well on the job. Wage work depends on busywork just as public school does.
Common sense told me that if I had created some "free" time I should be the beneficiary of that "freedom." Obviously this flies right in the face of management's idiotic view that every minute of the work day is theirs and if you finish something that was supposed to take all day, you owe it to them to ask for more (usually unnecessary) work.
BOOKS, INC.
I decided to work full-time at Books Inc. in Santa Rosa in August 1977. What I liked best about the job was its difference from my Waldenbooks one. We could dress comfortably, talk with each other when it wasn't busy, and "borrow" books freely (everyone did, even the store manager). But then my closest friend on the job, Karen, became assistant manager. After our brief affair had soured she suddenly wanted us underlings to restock the shelves more often, cruise the store and not read behind the register. I felt she should be our mouthpiece to management, but she identified with management. Later she accused me of being too political and disobedient.
In October I first approached the Retail Clerks Union, which had an office in the mall. But it was always empty, and no one ever called me back after I'd left a message. I tried again once or twice, not really knowing what I wanted from them. They never did get back to me.
The Xmas rush started in November, and the frenzy continued to mount after the big day. The store was wildly successful, and we workers could tell by our fatigue, sales, and the happy reports from our manager. Loretta, and the chain owner, Lou. We were frequently encouraged to look at the books to see just how well we were doing.
In early January I took a short, much needed vacation before which I had figured out how much more the store made in the just-passed holiday season than in the previous one. My calculations indicated a 41% increase in revenues, and so I wrote a letter to Loretta detailing this information and encouraged her to ask for 15% raises for everyone. But I had made the mistake of telling her mousy niece, who did the books, that I was writing this letter, thinking she'd be glad for a raise.
When I got back from my vacation, a message directed me to call Loretta before I went to work on Monday morning--highly unusual. I called her, and she said, "I hear you've written a letter to Lou over my head, demanding a raise. Well, you know I have to fire you." I protested because I still had the letter in hand, and it was addressed to her, but she had made up her mind, blaming it all on my attitude problem.
Unjustly canned, I called the National Labor Relations Board. My NLRB staffer didn't think I had much of a case but was very sympathetic and ultimately convinced Lou to settle with me for 2 weeks pay and to post a notice in all Books Inc. stores. prohibiting management's discharge of workers for their "protected, concerted activities." The fact that I had called the union a couple of times, and that some of the other workers would have probably defended me in a hearing, saying that I represented them in appealing for a raise, is what won the case for me. A pleasant postscript: three years later, another Processed Worlder told me that he had worked at a Books Inc. in Pale Alto at the same time. Both workers and management thought a big union battle had erupted in the Santa Rosa store!
I learned a lot about organizing, although in a halfhearted and undeliberate way. For one thing, it's vital to document that you're trying to improve wages and conditions for all the workers, not just yourself. If you can't prove that, you aren't even technically protected from being fired. Establish a committee clandestinely with the people you know you can count on. Then determine when and if you should go public; often your best protection from management harassment is announcing that you are a union organizer (not necessarily affiliated) because management can be accused of illegal labor practices for any trouble they give you.
DOWNTOWN COMMUNITY COLLEGE CENTER
My stint at the Downtown Community College at 4th and Mission in San Francisco lasted a mere three months. But it was a turning point for a couple of reasons. For one thing I learned word processing there, which catapulted me from $5-$6/hr. jobs up to $10-$12/hr. ones. It also made me aware that most people worked in offices, especially in SF, and I wanted to address this fact, since I too was suddenly an "information handler.'' As an information clerk I sat right inside the front door and spent seven hours a day telling people where the bathroom was, when and where classes met, and about English as a second language. The school provided two basic services, both primarily for the benefit of the downtown office world: basic training in office skills and English classes for newly arrived immigrants and refugees that prepared them for rudimentary data entry jobs at very low wages.
The job's nemesis was familiar--I wasn't allowed to read, even when there was nothing to do. I was supposed to "look professional" according to my insecure, dressed-for-success, corporate climbing boss. Ms. Walton. She was appallingly dumb, and as far as I could tell she hardly knew anything about goings-on in the school. I think she was an image-builder for the community colleges. Knowing little and being self-conscious about it, she was pressured to accomplish things she didn't understand, and she'd vent her fears by admonishing me for reading the paper at my desk during lulls. My feeling was that if I could do my job well I should be able to pass dead time in any way I pleased. Much to my chagrin my "superiors" didn't share this outlook.
I had never planned to stay long, despite the two-year minimum I promised in the interview. Instead I was going east for a nice, long, summer vacation. About six weeks before I planned to quit, I composed a fake advertisement for the DCCC and had it printed up. This ad summarized all my jaded views of the purpose of this "training institute for the clerical working-class" after a few months of being there 40 hours a week. About ten days before I had planned to quit, I began surreptitiously placing them inside the Fall schedules of SF City College, which I distributed at the front desk. A few days later the shit hit the fan. A coworker came running up to me when I came to work in the morning and asked if I had done a yellow leaflet that had the entire school in an uproar. Apparently a Bechtel executive had turned it in to the administration the night before. I smiled and told her "No, never heard of it.'' It was nonetheless obvious to my coworkers, who knew of my bad attitude, that I was the culprit.
I was absent from my work station when the snooty director, Dr. B, came in, oblivious to my "crime." She gave me a dark look as I scurried back to my position. Five minutes later the phone rang, and I was told to come to her office. She looked rather pale as I entered. She was boiling but tried to act calm. From beneath a 16-inch pile of papers she pulled out a copy of the leaflet--she had only seen it moments ago and had already hidden it--and thrust it at me, saying "What can you tell me about this?!"
I said, "Oh, is that the yellow leaflet I was told about? Can I see it?" I took it and sat down and slowly read it as if I had never seen it before. I chuckled at the funny parts, dragging out my feigned surprise until she finally exploded:
"You are SICK! You must be deranged to do something like this; it's damaging to our institute, YOU'RE FIRED!!" I denied responsibility just in case some kind of lawsuit resulted (I had put her name and the school's actual logo on it) and protested that I wanted to complete my final week, but she told me to go. I left feeling quite satisfied with the extra days off before my vacation...
Later, with my new word processing skills, I plunged into the sordid world of office work in downtown San Francisco. Through a couple of different employment agencies, I quickly found work. After a few one- or two-day jobs, I was placed at the Bank of America data center. Two other temps and I produced a manual that would eventually train computer operators in Florida how to use the BofA computer systems. It was here that I wrote a couple of articles for the first Processed World and also got most of the paper for that issue--"two reams a day keep the paper bills away!" Other early PWers got paper from the Federal Reserve Bank (we must buy our paper now, alas, having greater needs).
My other notable temp job was for Arthur Andersen, the big accounting firm. I remember being amazed to get $1l/hr. to sit around all day, answer the phone occasionally and type a few pages of this or that. The corporate ego seemingly dictated that someone sit at every desk. I think my being male really confused a number of the accountants. They had difficulty asking me to do things and probably saved them for the "regular girl" when she got back. Their consternation drove home the importance of sexist social relations in the office.
Temping confirmed that many people shared similar circumstances. Like me, they worked in an office but self-identified as dancers, writers, photographers, painters, etc. Thinking about this while on the thirty-seventh floor of the Spear Street Tower, I wrote "The Rise of the Six-Month Worker," which appeared in PW #2.
PACIFIC SOFTWARE
While I was on vacation in 1981 I heard from some Berkeley friends about secretarial work for the Community Memory Project. The CMP, in keeping with its attempt to be a "different" enterprise, particularly wanted a male secretary.
The Community Memory Project was set up in the early seventies as a public bulletin board/discussion through which anyone could create news using public microcomputers linked to a larger computer, with installations in public places.*
[*The SF Chronicle Teleguide system in BART stations in the Bay Area is exactly what Community Memory has tried to avoid. Set up in three locations in Berkeley, allows any user to put any message on any subject the system. Other users can read the message, comment. The content ranges from ads for rummage sales, to erudite philosophical discussions. The Teleguide system, however, only allows the user to access numbered menus advertising local businesses that have paid to be listed.]
I took the job at $10 an hour, Monday to Thursday (I insisted on a four-day week). The CM collective had recently decided to create its own for-profit company to sell the software components of its system. My new job was as secretary for this new company, Pacific Software.
For the first year or so, PS operated out of the same quarters as CM, a large Berkeley warehouse. My job was pretty cushy. I could read the paper and start out easy every morning. I could play pool with my coworkers, who were mostly "programmers with politics."
I liked this atmosphere far better than that of regular jobs partly because everyone was paid the same wage, but I quickly discovered that it really was a regular job. My boss, an eccentric fellow named Miller, wanted to make it in the software industry. My job was to fulfill all the tasks he could think of, which were plenty. He was fond of initiating them with rude, cryptic notes; e.g. "please don't fail to mail a c compiler list to Marcelius (just do it)" What was a "c compiler list"? Who was Marcelius? "Just do it"--was the problem in my head?
On a typical day, I had to send out fifteen to forty information packages on our software "soon to be shipped!"--this turned out to be a joke, since the products weren't really ready for more than another year--and answer the incessant phone calls.
PS slowly abandoned its alternativist pretension and became more of a normal business, eventually moving to plusher quarters a couple of blocks away. The company struggled to stay alive, the founders pumping in new money regularly because the software was permanently just a few weeks away from shipment. After a year of Miller's idiosyncratic leadership--he was interested in what size rubber bands were ordered and how water ran through the postage meter--and the staffs growth to about eight workers, the collective hired real management staff. It seemed that it was the absence of a business plan and experienced managers to carry it out that held back the certain and explosive growth that was "just around the corner.
We old-timers saw this as a threat. The new management's "Pacific Software Salary & Wages Policy" of December 1982 innocuously addressed vacations, overtime, holidays, and educational benefits, but a key parenthetical point provoked my ire. We now had to sign out for lunch. This meant I would either have to take a pay cut or work extra hours for my former pay. Incidentally, many of my coworkers had been docking themselves for lunch all along, but I wrote a memo outlining my position on "free" lunches anyway:
"The assumption underlying the notion that one shouldn't be paid for lunch can only be that it is not working time, that it is in fact "free" time. This is obviously absurd...the hour is entirely circumscribed by work, and its primary purpose is to gain nutritional sustenance and a brief respite from the work routine in order to be able to continue working. Without it the afternoon's productivity would probably go into the negative in a short time..."
Miller responded with a memo full of numbers, claiming that my paid lunch cost the primary backer $10,400 per year, and that if we didn't have paid lunches we could hire an additional five and two-thirds people. But as his word processor I was already wise to his fabricating numbers to suit his purposes. A year earlier I had typed at least 30 different drafts of a prospectus in which he freely changed the numbers to suit his mood. So it was a standoff, and I continued to get paid for my lunch hour while several coworkers continued to sign out.
Meanwhile we employees had created an Employee Bill of Rights for Pacific Software. Most important for us was the establishment of clear job descriptions, because the crisis management style led to enormous tension as demands on people's time and energy escalated. Another key point for us was to have absolute control over who represented us on the "management team," via regular elections and rotations. The response of John Dickerson, our nice-guy MBA who'd been brought in as General Manager, was both direct and indirect. A memo he wrote clearly showed that he would work to undermine our efforts: "I will not operate in a General Management capacity in a situation that allows the institutional possibility of sustained Guerrilla Warfare on the part of a segment of the staff against Management..."
The new management staff stonewalled this proposal over a period of months, and it was never formally adopted. As late as Feb. '83 they were still making totally unacceptable counter-proposals. Nevertheless, the fact that the staff had been having meetings and formulating demands (and that there was this history of "collective self-management") put management in a defensive position from which it never escaped.
Not surprisingly, I was known for having the worst attitude, which I didn't mind at all because it prevented almost everyone from dumping extra work on me. I often felt very isolated from my coworkers, who were willing to work unpaid overtime, make extra efforts, adapt to arbitrary policy changes, and try to maintain cheerful attitudes. The people I felt closest to had fluctuating attitudes depending on their views of the future and whether they were getting the status and responsibility they wanted.
I had always maintained that I didn't want to be promoted because I have always thought it worse to create gibberish than to process it. I did nibble, however, at the possibility of developing print media for the company's products (since I had been working on PW I had learned how to do typesetting, layout, design, etc.). Better to get out of being a secretary than be a lifer.
Well, Pacific Software just couldn't cut it in the marketplace. The software products had missed their "window" demolished by the competition. The backers ran out of money and couldn't keep a sinking ship afloat any longer. One day in June 1983, there was a Monday morning massacre. More than half the workers were laid off with no warning or severance pay. The strategic planners of this "realignment of staffing levels" foolishly figured that I could and would go back to doing the work of six people, as I had done in the pre-expansion days. Well, I saw my chance, and took it. The day after the massacre, I told my boss I was about to walk out on the spot, unless he would lay me off too, in which case I would work another three weeks to train replacements. What choice did they have? NONE!! So I got my nine months of unemployment benefits and loved every minute of it.
Unemployment gave me the chance to launch self-employment, namely typesetting and graphic design, which I'm doing to this day. I decided to try it to avoid further misery in the corporate office, and because my partner and I were going to have a child and I would need a lot more time available for parenting responsibilities. Self-employment has certain enormous advantages over regular jobs--total control over my labor process, my being the direct beneficiary of my own efficiency (finally!), and working fewer hours (my open hours are 12-5 Mon-Fri).
But self-employment has disadvantages too. Because I'm a one-man show, taking days off is risky. I lose income when I do. I also have to do all the bullshit work that holds any enterprise together--bookkeeping, marketing, accounts payable, ordering, etc.--for which I am not paid directly, as I would be working for someone else. And worst of all, I can't count on a fixed amount of money from month to month, so there's insecurity too. Nor does self-employment solve the problem of selling my time. While no one is raking off a percentage just by being the owner, I must still play the same games: making clients feel good about my services, doing jobs that lack purpose or value, and using my creative abilities in unwelcome ways to make a living. I haven't found any more satisfaction in having a more "professional" job, or in being self-employed per se.
Presently, I plan to go on with this for another year and a half and then take off on a long trip with my partner and child. After that, who knows? Maybe I'll be forced back into temporary word processing; maybe I'll find work as a typesetter or graphic artist. Or perhaps I'll find something totally new to do. Whatever it is, after a few months I'll probably dislike it at best or hate it at worst. You see, I've got this bad attitude, and I just don't like selling my time to anyone for any purpose. That will never change.
Book traversal links for The Making of a Bad Attitude: An Abridged History of my Wage Slavery
Safe with the Gaping Maw
Charley Browns - Where everything is prime?
workplace activity
retail and food
Processed World
Lucius Cabins
Sabotage in the American workplace: anecdotes of dissatisfaction, mischief and revenge
A truly fantastic study of everyday employee resistance at work. First person accounts of sabotage,…
A day in the life of employee #85292
A tale of toil by Hewlett-Packard manufacturing worker Jay Clemens in California, 1985.
My one-day career
Molly Wagner on her short-lived employment as a seltzer drink seller.
Flexing muscles at Flax: Anatomy of service sector organising
Maxine Holz and Lucius Cabins interview two workers at a small art supplies firm in San Francisco…
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text:
Q: GStreamer 1.21. qtmux produces garbage on recording plain H.264 when resolution changes This is the pipeline:
webrtcbin name=webrtcbin bundle-policy=max-bundle! rtph264depay ! h264parse ! qtmuxfragment-duration=1000 ! filesink location=/home/ubuntu/recordings/abcde/test.mkv

Modern browsers vary resolution and bitrate during the startup phase of a session. It is not uncommon to see 640x360 for a while, followed by 960x540 up to maybe 1280x720 later in a H.264 stream.
Trying to record this to disk requires the use of either mp4mux or qtmux. Both did break up the recording on the first resolution change in versions prior GStreamer 1.20. Practically this was the end of the recording when the first change from 640x360 to 960x540 happened.
Meanwhile (after 1.20) the qtmux survives the renegotiation with upstream, but the downstream does not contain the required (and updated) SPS/PPS. Just the IDR frame (initiated by the browser) is sent downstream. In the end this means, that after the first resolution change there is only garbage in the output file.
Any idea, how this could be changed?

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When is Eid al Adha 2015 (1436)?
Dhul-Hijjah 2015 (1436) will start on Monday, 14th September 2015 in North, Central and South America as well as in French Polynesia and a few westernmost countries of Africa. The rest of the African countries, all of Europe, all of Asia and the major part of Oceania will start Dhul-Hijjah 2015 on Tuesday, 15th September 2015. The countries that start Dhul-Hijjah on 14th September will celebrate Eid al Adha 2015 [Aid El Kebir 1436] on Wednesday, 23rd September 2015 while those that start Dhul-Hijjah on 15th September will celebrate Eid al Adha 2015 on 24th September 2015, Thursday.
We invite you to take a look at the visibility curves for Dhul-Hijjah 2015 (1436). You will notice that the Dhul-Hijjah moon will be born on Sunday, September 13 at 06:41 UTC. As it will be born late, there will be few chances of its direct visibility on the same day evening in the major part of the world. As can be seen in the visibility curve, only American Samoa and its nearby areas are in the blue zone and hence, there are good chances of crescent visibility there on the evening of 13th September 2015 if the weather conditions are good. As direct visibility of the crescent will be acquired in American Samoa before the fajr prayer in North, Central and South American countries as well as in French Polynesia and a few westernmost countries of Africa, Dhul-Hijjah 2015 can start there on the next day, 14th September 2015 (concept of extended visibility). The rest of the African countries, all of Europe, all of Asia and the major part of Oceania will start Dhul-Hijjah 2015 on Tuesday, 15th September 2015.
We have published below an extensive list of countries arranged as per the Eid al Adha 2015 celebration date. Those who would like to get more details about why Eid al Adha 2015 will be on two different dates in the world are requested to read our detailed introduction to the Islamic Calendar.
Since Eid al Adha will start on 15th September in Saudi Arabia, Wuquf Arafat will be on Thursday 23rd September.
Similar to Eid al Fitr 2015, we will publish Eid al Adha 2015 (Dhul-Hijjah 1436) live moon sighting reports to the right of this announcement. We invite you to visit our site towards the end of the Dhul-Qi'dah 2015 to get updates about crescent sighting.
We are very pleased to announce that on the very auspicious day of Eid al Adha 2015, we will release IPhone and Android applications which will provide very accurate prayer times and the hijri calendar for all countries of the world. Hence, do not forget to visit our site and download our smartphone applications.
Please feel free to contact us by writing to us at [email protected] if anything is not clear or if you need further information.
We would like to draw the attention of our readers to the Umm al Qura calendar used since years by Saudi Arabia. According to this calendar, it suffices that the conjunction occurs a certain day and that the moon sets after the sun on the same day – even if only a minute after sunset – so that the new month begins the next day. Whether the crescent is really visible or whether its visibility is an astronomic impossibility does not matter in the least for Saudi Arabia and its Umm al Qura calendar. It so happens that the conditions stipulated by the Umm al Qura calendar will be met with on 13 September 2015. The new moon is born at 06:41 UTC (Universal Time) and sunset and moonset in Makkah on the same day are respectively at 15:26 and 15:33, UTC. Since the moon sets 7 minutes after the sun, Dhul-Hijjah – according to this calendar – can start on 14th September. But even a cursory glance at the visibility curve for the new moon on 13th September evening shows that the whole of the Arabic peninsula is in a black zone. It is an astronomical impossibility to see the young crescent in Arabia, even with the most powerful optical device.
More recently, on the eve of Eid al Fitr 2015, witnesses were reported as having seen the crescent on the 16th July in the evening in disregard of any scientific basis and any moral consideration. We published a communiqué on our site concerning this subject. It can be consulted at the following link.
Without prejudice to the attitude of the Saudi authorities this time, we affirm that it is impossible to see the young crescent in Saudi Arabia on the evening of 13th September 2015. Consequently, Dhul-Hijjah cannot possibly start there on 14th September. It will start on 15th September in Saudi Arabia and Wuquf al Arafat can only be on 23rd September. If the authorities advance this calendar by one day, it will once again translate total contempt for both Science and Sharia.
On 13th and 14th September 2015, we will publish live crescent sighting reports from all parts of the world. As seen in the visibility curve, , on 13th September, most parts of the world is either in red zone or black zone. Hence we do not expect any positive sighting reports from any part of the world except American Samoa. As can be seen in the visibility curve, major parts of American Samoa islands are in blue zone and hence, new moon visibility is expected there on the evening of 13th September 2015. We will try if we can find someone in American Samoa to photograph new moon on 13th September evening if weather conditions are favorable. We will publish crescent photos on our website during the night of 13th September to 14th September if we are successful in getting photos. We will also publish live moon sighting reports provided by MCW members from moonsighting.com and ICOP members. On the next day, 14th September, most areas in the world are either in a green zone or blue zone and we expect positive sighting reports from many countries of the world. We will publish sighting reports during the night of 14th to 15th September as well. So please keep visiting our website to get updates about the crescent sighting towards the end of the Dhul-Qi'dah 2015.
Eid al Adha 2015 / Dhul-Hijjah 2015 sighting reports will also be provided live on our Facebook page, Twitter page and Google Plus streams. Hence, do not forget to follow us on Social Media!
Dr. Mohammed Hussain Ahmad said: ""Al-salam 'alaykum. The new moon for the month of Dhul Hijjah 1436 was not sighted from Brunei (4° 55′ North and 114° 55′ East) on the evening of Sunday, 13 September 2015. This was officially announced through the Brunei National TV and Radio stations. Therefore, tomorrow Monday, 14 September 2015 is the completion of 30 days for the month of Dhul Qaedah 1436 in Brunei. Hence, the 1st of Dhul Hijjah 1436 will commence on Tuesday, 15 September 2015. Subsequently, the Eid al-Adha will fall on Thursday, 24 September 2015. I would like to take this opportunity to wish Muslims across the world a happy and blessed Eid al-Adha. May Allah grant us success, victory, unity and improve the conditions of Muslims around the world to the best, Amin."(Dr Mohammed Hussain Ahmad)"
MCW member Mr AR Sugeng Riyadi from Assalaam Observatory, Surakarta Central Java reported: The crescent observation of Thulhijjah 1436 H (Sept 13th, 2015) had been succesfully held at Assalaam Observatory, The Modern Boarding School of Islam ASSALAAM, Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo Central Java Indonesia. On the afternoon the sky was little bit hazy on the horizon. The observation started about 05.00 pm until moonset. Till the end of observation, the crescent was NOT succesfully SEEN by the observers.
This event was opened for public. About hundreds people and delegations of CASA, The Ministry of Kominfo, UMS, UIN Walisanga Semarang, RHI Surakarta, SMA Al-Islam 1 Surakarta also attend on this event. Finally the observation finished on 06.00 pm after maghrib. Later, it was determined that the date of 1 Dzulhijjah falls on Tuesday, September 15, 2015. That means that the Eid will fall on Thursday, September 24, on Thursday.
Mr. AR Sugeng Riyadi said: "The crescent observation of Thulhijjah 1436 H (Sept 13th, 2015) had been succesfully held at Assalaam Observatory, The Modern Boarding School of Islam ASSALAAM, Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo Central Java Indonesia. On the afternoon the sky was little bit hazy on the horizon. The observation started about 05.00 pm until moonset. Till the end of observation, the crescent was NOT succesfully SEEN by the observers.
This event was opened for public. About hundreds people and delegations of CASA, The Ministry of Kominfo, UMS, UIN Walisanga Semarang, RHI Surakarta, SMA Al-Islam 1 Surakarta also attend on this event.
"Due to no GENUINE sighting of the moon anywhere in the World East of UK on the eve of 13th August 2015, we will complete 30 days of Dhul Qada. InshAllah Eid Ul Adha will be celebrated on Thursday 24th of September 2015. The Markazi Jamaat's wish all of the Muslim Ummah a blessed Eid Ul Fitr..
 Where should Dhul-Hijjah 2015 (1436) start on 14th September 2015?
Dhul-Hijjah 2015 (1436) will start on Monday, 14th September 2015 in North, Central and South America as well as in French Polynesia and a few westernmost countries of Africa. Please see the country list below to get a clearer idea.
 Where should Dhul-Hijjah 2015 (1436) start on 15th September 2015?
Dhul-Hijjah 2015 (1436) should start on Tuesday, 15th September 2015 in most of the African countries, whole Europe, all of Asia and majority of Oceania. Please see the country list below to get a clearer idea.
 When will Wuquf Arafat / the major event of Hajj 2015 be celebrated?
Wuquf Arafat, the main event of Hajj, concerns Saudi Arabia only. Since Dhul-Hijjah in Saudi Arabia starts on 15th September 2015, Wuquf Arafat, the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah / Hajj 2015 will be celebrated on Wednesday, 23rd September 2015.
 When is Eid al Adha 2015 / Aid El Kebir 2015 (1436)?
The countries that start Dhul-Hijjah on 14th September will celebrate Eid al Adha 2015 on Wednesday, 23rd September 2015. Others, which start Dhul-Hijjah on 15th September, will celebrate Eid al Adha 2015 on Thursday, 24th September 2015.
 Can you describe the concept of Extended Visibility upon which your calculations are based in simple terms?
Our Eid al-Fitr 2015 announcement and calculations are based on the concept of Extended Visibility that simply says.
"For any given country, the month will begin the next day if: [A] the new moon is born [B] the young moon is visible in the evening sky in the country, or [C] if it is visible somewhere to the west of the country before the Fajr prayer in the same country."
The concept of Extended Visibility and all our calculations and announcements are faithful to Sharia. Those interested in getting more details should read our Islamic Calendar Introduction.
Below is the list of countries where Eid al Adha 2015 (1436) should be celebrated on 23rd September 2015.
Below is the list of countries where Eid al Adha 2015 (1436) should be celebrated on 24th September 2015.


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Farewell, "Nashville CMT:" The Best Barely Watched Show
L-R Britton & Panettiere were the queens of "Nashville" (CMT/Lionsgate TV)
If my memory serves me correctly, TV Guide and/or People magazine used to have a feature series called "The Best Show You're Not Watching." Of course, it was to draw attention to exceptional programs that somehow went under the public's radar. If those plugs existed today, primetime drama Nashville would certainly fit the profile. It had critical acclaim, prestigious award nominations and successful off-shooting music/tours, but it was beleaguered by lukewarm ratings and various production obstacles. Premiering in 2012, its highest overall ranking by 2016 was 54. After consecutive years "on the bubble," it was cancelled by its originating network, ABC. It's evidently niche, but fervent "Nashie" fandom pounded the digital pavement with #BringBackNashville, until the fitting CMT came to the rescue with a pick-up. It still wasn't all quiet on the western front, though. Leading lady Connie Britton would get out of Dodge, and CMT eventually opted to axe the serial in a move from scripted broadcasts (sorry for the cheesy western sayings; I couldn't help myself). When Nashville's sixth and final season concludes this month, it will likely be to little hoorah. It's anyone's guess if it will be mentioned years from now. Maybe when Hayden Panettiere (its other prima donna) does a string of blockbusters, or Lennon Stella becomes a household name (if you don't know her yet, you will), it will finally get the interest it deserved. People can print their first "Shows We Should've Watched" piece. For now, it's up to the Nashies and I to light the candles and bid our show proper adieu.
I remember the pilot trailer like it was yesterday: seasoned country diva Rayna Jaymes (Britton) has to play industry chess to keep from being put to pasture by the latest "it" girl, Juliette Barnes (Panettiere). Political scandal, and messy familial and romantic entanglements are around the corner. The music nerd, soap-opera lover and Panettiere fan-girl in me was sold; you didn't have to tell me twice to tune in. The press swore it was a parallel to Reba McEntire and Taylor Swift; that still makes me laugh hysterically. They weren't going off anything but the stars' hair color. The vehicle was a better version of Empire (2015), before there was such a thing (ironically, Empire supporting actress Kaitlin Doubleday would join the cast in season five).The narratives were more evenly paced, grounded and detailed, including the business commentary (I especially appreciated the annotations on sexism). As for the weekly soundtrack? Oh my goodness, it was infinitely superior (beneath my commentary is a list of my favorite songs). First-rate production and thoughtful lyricism prevented it from sounding 'made for television.' The pulse of "Music City" authentically beat through, as the content was crafted by local talent (it was sung by the cast). With storytelling being country's supreme trait, the songs exquisitely accented the layered plot lines and characters. Let's delve into all of it, shall we?
Of Nashville's fictional figures, Juliette, Deacon Claybourne (Charles Esten) and Avery Barkley (Jonathan Jackson) are my top three loves.
Juliette is completely intoxicating, with her sass, irrepressibility and how much of a living train-wreck she can be. Dissecting the complexities of her psyche can become an obsessive compulsion. She's a great example of what meets the eye isn't always the whole story. On the surface, she's a destructive narcissist, but it's not that simple. Having to survive successive traumas (ex. a manipulative mother who struggled with substance abuse, sexually predatory record executives) she developed a self-loathing and maladaptive preservation skills. She doesn't know how to identify or treat something of value (ex. her career, her caring husband) because she's hardly had that. Between her history and many nagging naysayers, you want to see her win (especially because her gloating victory laps are a thing of beauty). Roles like this can be difficult to write for. The question of how to evolve them without making them a 'bore' gets raised. A natural, built-in transition was available for Juliette, but the writers still strangely lost her in seasons five and six. She had post-partum depression, went to rehab, was inadvertently involved in her manager's death (i.e. Jeff Fordham) and was in a plane crash by the end of season four. Recovering from these events (ex. therapy, healing, PTSD, relapse) to come out a better person would've lasted to now. Instead, they had her accusing people of man-stealing, snatching songs from teenagers and accidentally joining a cult. Further, her background was unnecessarily revised to incorporate her mother, Jolene, allowing someone to rape her for money. This nullified the resolve brought by Jolene's sacrificial suicide, after she murdered Juliette's extortionist. The main 'JB' scenario I hated during the ABC run was her sleeping with Jeff. He did everything he could to control/destroy her career, and said she was "trailer trash covered in rhinestones." She'd fight someone like him tooth and nail. She'd never let him in her pants; it wasn't true to the character.
Deacon was the other tortured soul on canvas. He too sprouted from a hard knock life, and inherited his abusive father's battle with the bottle. It hindered his career and "love for the ages" relationship with Rayna for many years. Often, alcoholics are diabolized in media and their afflictions are depicted as choice-based. Much like the persona of Jack Pearson on NBC's This is Us, the portrayal of Deacon Claybourne humanized the addict. It showed crapulence for the ruling illness it is, and how it has a life of its own. To do this, clear division was made between Deacon and his demons. Inherently, he's a gentle and benevolent spirit you can't help but be enamored with. When alcoholism pulls him out of body, he's frigid and tempestuous. The tangibility of his duality is substantially in credit to Esten. His elegant, intricate and arresting work takes you inside each of his alter-ego's emotions. Him shedding a single tear will leave you bawling on the floor. I particularly enjoyed his channeling through his eyes and voice. Those piercing baby blues can be steely, just as easily as they can make you feel overcome with serenity. His vocal cadence is sonorous in a moment of decisiveness or seduction. It's swinging in a congenial exchange, hoarse and howling at a breaking point. Esten's performances are so gripping, you wonder where he's been this whole time. I tell ya', he's Hollywood's best kept secret.
Christina Aguilera: Liberation
Likes: Maria, Sick of Sittin', Twice, Unless It's with You
Dislikes: Accelerate
Overall: Veers from intriguing to mediocre, but hints at future artistic revitalization
These days, the average artist drops a new album every two years. This doesn't leave much room for creative growth and contemplation, especially if one is touring and promoting the entire period between. The general end result is an array of rushed and undercooked projects that won't have a lasting impact. In that respect, Christina Aguilera is one of many acts who benefitted from starting a career in the late 1990's and early 2000's. Once upon a time in a galaxy far, far away, it was standard for releases to be 3-4 years apart. The one occasion Aguilera deviated from this, the easily forgettable Lotus (2012) came. Now, after exceeding her usual interval by almost double, she's returned with Liberation. However, it doesn't sound like a lengthy hiatus made much of a difference this turn. When you listen to it, you may ask, "This is all after six years?"
Liberation's packaging and opening numbers make promises it can't keep. A bare-faced, wet-haired Aguilera dons the cover. The lead track is a brief, but breathtaking piano and strings instrumental. Our star chanteuse calls, "Where are you? Are you there? Remember?," as a baby laughs in the background. This segues into "Searching for Maria," an interlude where Aguilera wistfully sings the eponymous tune from The Sound of Music (a favorite of hers). Her voice echoes through to "Maria," which samples the ever-haunting 1972 Michael Jackson song of the same title. Jackson's distressed pleas to a love lost lay the stage for her to discuss losing herself. The repeat mentions of Maria are a reference to her middle name; it's how she chooses to represent her once unsullied spirit. She bewails "How was I supposed to know that it would cost my soul? And how am I supposed to face this lonely life I've created?...Was too young to know the difference...I believe my own lies...I'm facing the mirror...Why don't I see her? I just need to see ya', Maria...Don't you keep on runnin' from me." It's a very compelling first six minutes. You're prepared and eager to learn more about her feelings of displacement. Are they personally or professionally based, or both? What is she 'liberating' herself from? Will the album's conclusion be a cliffhanger, or will it reveal that she found Maria? None of these questions are answered to a significant extent. None. It's like being all packed up and ready to go to Disneyland, but your dad never arrives to pick you up.
The rock/soul, Woodstock-ish "Sick of Sittin'" implies her exasperation with an industry driven by money versus art, but the active word here is "implies." What it puts forth would be sufficient if its allusions were expounded on in future songs, but alas, they are not. Next is "Dreamers," a prelude to the single "Fall in Line" with Demi Lovato. Little girls tell what they want to be when they grow up, and assert a resolute position of strength. The duet insists to young ones they don't have to live within rigid, gender-biased paradigms. Though it has a valuable message, it isn't distinctly personal. It's also not very enthralling, despite it being dispensed by two powerhouses known for their emotive performances.


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The Virginia Justice System: Racism, Covid, & Neglect
"Inmates and staff members, were saying I would die."
Anaiyah Conley, Editor|January 27, 2021
Richard Williams is an inmate at Deerfield Correctional Center, a state prison for men located in Capron, Southampton County, Virginia. The corrections center has made news headlines the past few months with their very own Covid 19 outbreak. Williams has been in this facility since 2015 and with an 18-year sentence, he is fighting for his life and for his freedom.
On August 19th, 2015 Williams was unarmed when he robbed a local chocolate store in Fredericksburg, Virginia. No one was harmed in the incident and after a testimony by the only employee working at the shop Judge Gordan F. Willis slammed Williams with a heavy sentence. However, there is a conflict of interest between the Judge and this case. Williams explains that his attorney "laughed and told me I was fucked, not only was I seen as a heroin addict junkie but, the trial judge, his wife, and kids all have shopped in the candy store I robbed. They live in walking distance, attended church across the street from the candy store and the circuit court is in walking distance, the trial prosecutor office is located next to the candy store on the same street." That same year that same judge sentenced three white men (around the same age as Williams) with less time for separate crimes. "The first man was a repeated offender and convicted for a serial burglar with six years, the second was given nine years for robbery, malicious wounding, burglary, and his 3rd probation violation, and the third man was given seven years but he spent two years prior in drug court. The third man robbed a bank but all three of them committed their crimes around the same location as mine." Judge Willis then told Williams "I'm not going to allow you to prey on our community Mr. Williams and this is the first someone of your nature of age that's been before the court on these types of charges"
I asked Williams did he feel there was discrimination based on his race and drug habits from the judge. His was response was. "I have my transcripts, judges in Virginia treat minorities and poor whites like wild animals using a bias pre-sentencing report that profiles defendants awaiting trial family members, criminal history, education, employment, housing, family members are not on trial classical profiling, attorneys know this, I've written countless letters to politicians, attorneys, ACLU (The American Civil Liberties Union), law schools, anyone that can help me challenge this in court or bring social media attention. The judge commented on my age and a gang of judges purposefully denied all appeals, knowing I haven't received a fair trial."
Williams, an advocate for the education system and wishes there were more real-life aspects to schooling. "Addiction must be taught better in grade schools. Heroin/ all drugs, violence, prosecution, the homeless, death, prison. It should all be taught or taught better. I've seen white kids shooting up heroin at 12 years old, an attorney, a pastor, middle-class people, Harvard law students, CEOs, countless professionals. I've used with them all. Drugs don't discriminate."
Williams has spent the past six years at Deerfield Correctional Center writing Law & Order inspired stories, befriending inmates of different cultural backgrounds, and communicating with family. But September of 2020 is when all hell broke loose. Williams spent his 52nd birthday in pain, he was one of the inmates that contracted the Covid 19 virus. William's facility has pards that are similar to dormitories. There are rows of bunk beds with lockers in between. There is no privacy for the ninety-six prisoners who have to shower and use the bathroom out in the open.
"Covid speared like a wildfire within days. Once we were infected by the guards, we started to infected each other. But once the prison identified infected inmates, they still left them in pards for days which is how I became so sick for a month it took another month to recover from Covid – 19. I stayed soaked and wet, dehydrated, I had a high fever of over 100, I had pain in my lungs, back, thighs, I was too weak to walk, I had low oxygen. It was hard to breathe but refused to go to the hospital, too many inmates weren't returning or were returning wearing oxygen tanks or died. I was afraid and didn't trust anyone. I talk to God, asking him not to let me die like a caged ape and I needed to right my wrongs. I read Psalms 91, the whole verse. Later I found out the other inmates and staff members were saying I would die, praise God I didn't they then called me a tough old man"
He continued "The Deerfield correctional prison in Virginia was featured on world news and local news due to 700 plus inmates getting Covid-19 and 20 died including 4 from my pard. One was my bunkie, aka bunkmate, [he] slept underneath me. This all started from prison guards infecting the inmates. Now, most of the inmates here have pre-existing medical conditions from cancer to loosening legs including me, I have Hepatitis C, once Covid hit they stopped giving me the medications I needed for my health condition."
I asked Williams to go into detail on how the prison chose to give treatment to the inmates he answered with "Pedaylite, twice a day. The nurse brings inmates their medicine to the building since Covid 19, we're on lockdown we can't go over to the medicine window or eat in the cafeteria, everything is on lockdown. That day I was soaked and wet and could barely walk, I fell down twice. Earlier the medicine line was extremely long they called me to the front of the line the nurse quickly gave me Pedialyte and said 'you have to stay hydrated now', she told me this after seeing me like this for about two weeks, still soaked and wet. They monitored my temperature and oxygen daily and gave me Gatorade and Tang orange juice, all day I was in too much pain to eat. Other inmates brought me my trays to my bed but, I could only eat the fruit." Williams has since recovered but he still lives with the aftereffects of high thyroid levels, constant pain, and difficulty breathing, he has to gasp for air often. He also gets his blood tested every few weeks to check his thyroid levels.
Prison systems have a history of mistreatment, especially during pandemics. When the 1918 flu pandemics hit a San Quentin California prison, inmates were being infected day by day and cases grew rapidly. Medical facilities were overcrowded so prisoners were forced to stay out in the open instead of staying in their cells. This caused more and more inmates to be infected and without the correct medical treatment. At the Philadelphia Eastern State Penitentiary Warden Robert McKenty forced a lockdown. Prisoners could no longer receive visitors from their loved ones and were told to get "plenty of sleep, plenty of fresh air, [and] plenty of exercise." Those who contracted the flu were sent to isolation and officers had to scrub cells, they then got sick as well. There have been procedures for inmates or officers to stay safe both the Influenza and Corona Virus pandemics have been too much to handle for facilities, higher-ups have a hard time keeping everyone safe which results in deadly consequences.
With newfound media attention, the correctional facility now has pressure to properly confront the outbreak. The prison had gone on lockdown once the news and ACLU got involved due to too many deaths. Inmate's family members have sued and spoke to many news outlets. The prison now tries to keep all Covid 19 sick inmates together. The lockdown has been slightly lifted, allowing some inmates to cook the food and work around the prison. Williams explains "The guards were doing all the work in the prison, they hated it. Remember it's the prisoners that do are the work for 27 cents hourly which is $20 monthly. There is now a push for the early release of inmates who have nonviolent crimes. My released date is still 2031. Those white guys that were sentenced with me, were just released from prison for the same crimes. We were arrested together and featured in the Fredericksburg Virginia newspaper, the freelance star in 2015." He concluded with "Prison doesn't care about inmates getting sick or dying. The nurses, warden, they refused to do anything they lied on T.V talking about helping inmates they lied, the governor lied, also."
Richard Williams has been continuing to fight for his freedom, although he has had battles with addiction and is behind bars, he is still human and he still deserves human rights. He watched the same men of harsher crimes that he was sentenced to leave prison while he is left behind to rot just because of the color of his skin. No human deserves this, not based on their skin color, their bad habits, or life choices. Williams has remained optimistic and wants to finally be free, he has a one-year-old grandson and six-year-old granddaughter along with a son that is a CEO of his own trucking business, they are ready to embrace him with open arms and a warm, loving home. Once he is released, he plans on helping his son with his business as well as developing his own phone app for inmates, a clothing line of comfort wear, continue learning Russian to become a translator, and pursuing his passion for writing. "I have the Law & Order writer's room address, I am going to start writing them again, in 2003 I wrote Dick Wolf he tried to pay me 500 bucks for a story I wrote, I didn't take it. I like to write about the dark side of life. I want to write about powerful racist, murders, politicians, crooks like the judges, prosecutors, attorneys that are getting rich off our backs. At 52 years old Richard still has hope and just wants to right his wrongs. For years now we have been trying to get him an early release for this miscarriage of justice. We ask that you please share this story, get it out on social media, send it to reporters, please help us fight for his freedom. He is more than a statistic or an inmate identification number, he is human, he deserves his life back.
The Top 10 A24 Films Ever Made
College Board's Muddled Marketing & How it Hurts Students
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Film's Unsung Hero
Culinary's Senior Unsung Hero- Josiah Keyode


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Intimate Partner Violence among Canadian Muslim Women
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Ahead of Print.
An examination of the interaction of pre- and post-migration stressors is critical to understanding Canadian Muslim immigrant women's experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study uses a dominant qualitative design, supplemented by quantitative data to understand eight Canadian Muslim immigrant women's experience of IPV from six countries of origin. Five themes were identified: (a) childhood exposure to trauma and violence, (b) iron cage of society, (c) the fusion of love and violence, (d) post-migration challenges and assistance, and (e) toll and consequences of IPV. These themes are described to illustrate the trajectory in the development of IPV and the participants' eventual decision to leave their relationship. Pre-migration experiences included adverse childhood experiences, family history of IPV, and difficulty with help-seeking for IPV. Post-migration challenges of language difficulties, lack of social connections, internalized familial patriarchal values, and sexism influenced women's help-seeking and decision-making. Results from this sample suggested that immigrant Muslim women are likely more affected by IPV in comparison to Canadian-born Muslim women, experienced more stressors, less support, delayed help-seeking process, and more serious mental health consequences. Quantitative measures revealed negative effects of IPV on women's mental and overall health. The roles of ethnic communities, religious institutions, law enforcement, and service providers in supporting Canadian Muslim women with experience of IPV are discussed.


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The Zebra Newsroom
Insurers make a splash with high-profile advertising campaigns
By The Zebra
Insurance carriers are having a major TV moment: brand characters like LiMu Emu, Flo, the GEICO gecko, and Jake from StateFarm have been spinning even the mundane ideas into moments of comedic gold. Companies have started to invest record-high dollars into attention-grabbing and humorous marketing campaigns to stay relevant, casual and a part of household discourse. Here are a couple new campaign strategies that carriers have launched this year:
Allstate replaced its spokesperson of almost 20 years, Dennis Haybert, with 15-time Grammy Award winner Alicia Keys in July 2021. According to the carrier, Keys was selected as she "epitomizes warmth, empathy and trustworthy sensibilities that are core to the company and represents the optimistic, forward-thinking and courageous brand" they're building. Beyond her selling more than 65 million records and 15 Grammy wins, the singer-songwriter also supports several communities; Keys co-founded a non-profit dedicated to helping families affected by HIV/AIDS called Keep a Child Alive and is a leader in the #NoMakeup Movement.
The carrier recently changed ad agencies from Leo Burnett to Droga5 and stopped running its "Mayhem" campaign, which was a character that planted chaotic events such as residential burglaries and car accidents played by Dean Winters.
Kin Insurance
Kin Insurance launched a home insurance campaign built around the "Florida Man" meme, popularized by a stream of freakish Florida-datelined news stories featuring male leads. Targeting homeowners in Florida, the campaign is a mockumentary-style video of a series of only-in-Florida mishaps due to the state's history of unusual events and reports of bizarre activities. In addition to being the state where the company's principal office is located, Florida is also the lightning capital of the country and leads the nation in the number of hurricanes making landfall.
This campaign strays from the classic insurance commercial narrative centered on a fictional character or celebrity, and is the largest marketing campaign in the company's history. The Kin creative team hopes to cast a more compassionate light on Florida, a state that often finds itself as the punchline.
As carriers create campaigns relevant to their niche audience or align with their company values, it seems to be working: the number of drivers purchasing personal car insurance is on the rise, particularly among Millennials and Gen Z consumers.
In fact, insurance-themed campaigns have been so successful that other companies with no relation to the industry have tested the waters with fake claims forms and policy perks:
Unilever North America partnered with Breyers Cookies & Cream ice cream to launch Cookie Coverage as a part of the promotion of a new ice cream formula around National Insurance Day. The new formula includes 20% more cookie pieces, and "policyholders" were encouraged to file a claim and seek reimbursement of a replacement tub of ice cream if they weren't completely satisfied with the cookie-to-cream ratio.
Budweiser Canada
Budweiser Canada debuted BBQ Insurance so Canadians can enjoy the grilling season all summer long. More of a contest than an actual policy, BBQ Insurance allows Canadians who experience a "loss" due to their barbeque (equipment breakdown, event cancellation, etc) to complete a claims submission online for a chance to win a Budweiser BBQ Insurance package valued up to $2,500.
With the surging popularity of insurance-related marketing campaigns, it will be interesting to see how these ads and commercials will shift from or maintain brand character loyalty.
Insurance Next


your home to do work.
I arrive when I say I will.
They are not just colours to me.
want to keep you happy.
"Reid McCord knows his stuff and knows how to clean different types of fibres. He always shows up on time or early and his prices are reasonable."


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Allen Solly launches its First Ever Jeans campaign
8/19/2019 04:09:00 am Aditya Birla Fashion, Allen Solly, Denim campaign, Fashion, Retail, Tough Jeans For a Tough Day at Work
~The film will feature on TV, digital, print, 1000+ cinema halls and social media platforms~
Mumbai, 19 August 2019: Allen Solly, India's pioneer brand in casual work wear from Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Ltd., unveiled its First ever denim campaign "Tough Jeans For a Tough Day at Work" featuring their denim range. Allen Solly is a lifestyle brand and denim is core to growth strategy and a key pillar in appealing to younger consumers. The campaign will be promoted on platforms such as TV, digital, print, 1000+ movie halls and social media platforms.
Speaking on the occasion, Anil.S.Kumar, COO, Allen Solly said "Allen Solly has consistently worked towards serving the needs of young Working professionals through unconventional fashion. This campaign on jeans brings alive "tough jeans" which is the perfect companion for work and beyond. In this campaign as well, our brand logo "Stag" joins our journey into the denim world bringing live the toughness of our jeans."
Conceptualized by Ogilvy & Mather India, the TVC continued to use Allen Solly's greatest asset – the Stag. It features a young Solly man attired in Allen Solly Denim accompanied by the stag on his way to work. Failing to rev up the engine of his car stuck in snow, The Stag turns his attention to a sledge, giving him the idea of sledging to work. He eases his way through barbed wires, ferns and twigs. The TVC draws attention to the durability and aesthetics of the range effectively as the man indulges in arduous activity.
Mahesh Gharat, Chief Creative Officer, Ogilvy, South said "Allen Solly has been bringing its own little twist to apparel for many years now. And this year was no different. To emphasize the toughness of the denims in the film, the Stag takes our protagonist on a road less travelled by, thus demonstrating the strength of the denims. We wrote the lyrics and collaborated with Antonio Sanchez, the music composer of the Oscar - winning movie Birdman and the renowned Thana Alexa on vocals to create an original soundtrack for the film. I think this one will be truly memorable."
This range of durable, fashionable jeans is crafted from an ultra-stretch fabric. The high tear and tensile strength of the fabric adjusts to the dynamic lifestyle of the customers effectively. It also comes with a triple needle construction, along with a reinforced back pocket for added durability in sewing, thus serving the brand's promise of being unconventional and futuristic in terms of design and products.
Jayanth Gurumurthy, Creative Director, Allen Solly further added "Allen Solly now sets new benchmark for work wear fashion through jeans. This fashion forward range of "tough jeans" combines fashion with durability and comfort. With modern construction and durafit fabric the collection offers excellent recovery and stability."
The denim range comes in a palette of indigo washes, offering a number of striking wardrobe options for the new-age professionals, enabling them to make an effortless style statement at workplace. The contemporary collection will be available online and in stores across India.
Catch the Allen Solly Campaign here: https://youtu.be/s3m4m6M1tHQ
Tough Jeans For a Tough Day at Work


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John Felice Rome Center
JFRC Traditions
Rome Studies Minor
Full-Year Program
Rome Start Program
Service Learning and Internships Abroad
Summer Session Information
JFRC Representative
Program Costs and Study Abroad Scholarships
Geoghegan, Elizabeth
Title/s: Adjunct Professor
Elizabeth Geoghegan is the author of Natural Disasters: Stories and The Marco Chronicles: To Rome Without Love, a Kindle bestseller, winner of the Travelers' Tales Solas Gold Prize for Memoir, and selected for The Best Travel Writing, Volume 10. Recently, her essay about her friend and mentor, "Smoking with Lucia Berlin," was among The Paris Review's "Best of 2015."
She earned her MFA in Fiction from The School of The Art Institute of Chicago and both an MA in Creative Writing and a BA in English from The University of Colorado at Boulder. Her teaching interests include Modernism, Ernest Hemingway, Anglo and American Writers in Italy, The Literature of Exile, Travel Writing, Flannery O'Connor and the Contemporary Short Story.
A long-time Rome resident, Geoghegan has taught at the John Felice Rome center since 2007. She teaches courses in Literature and Creative Writing, in particular "Writing Rome" an on site course she developed that explores the city of Rome as inspiration for creative writing.
Apply Now Request Information Contact Us Take A Virtual Tour
John Felice Rome Center · 6339 N. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL 60660 · 800.344.ROMA rome@luc.edu


default, exclude this filesystem from its output.
filesystem-specific arguments for the currently mounted filesystem.
files on the filesystem open for writes.
Prior to NetBSD 4.0 the mount call was used to export NFS filesystems.
Far more filesystems are supported than those those listed.


Heroes Of Camelot : It's the completionist in me; I just love that type of stuff.
simpsons tapped out : * Type the important points after which save and close the file.
T Shirt Printing and : How straightforward would it be that you can make design selections?


Here's how I got hooked (without HBO). Family member kept hearing about it. While on a business trip, watched an episode. Being intrigued, he bought the first season on DVD. After watching, and warning it was a little risqué, he gave it to us. Me, being disappointed so many times in shows/series that were suppose to be great, started it with skepticism. In this case, bam we were hooked. We bought the second season. Fortunately, most of the risqué was gone, but the story was there. And what a story. We gobbled them up, like eating popcorn. Had HBO one year, but still bought the series. Don't have it now, but HBO is giving free viewing this weekend on Direct TV. We plan to watch season 7 today to refresh our old brains. Alas, after that, we'll eagerly await the final season coming out on DVD. Great show that I really, really, hate to see end.
I figure it's between John Snow, stevenash or Englebert.


Hastings will follow former teammate Jake Seau to Duke after this season. In the meantime, he will team with sophomore Isaiah Dawson on a formidable midfield line for the Knights. Hastings is a smart, do-it-all player who can push the ball in transition or run the offense from up top, complementing Costa down low.
McLean is a very successful product of the La Costa Canyon system instilled by long-time coach Jesse Foss. He plays smart and skilled and always make the right play when he is called upon — and this season he will be called on a lot. LCC looks to improve upon its CIF Division I Championship this season by earning a spot in the Open bracket. McLean is committed to Towson.
Beeson scored 47 goals and notched 15 assists as a sophomore on Poway's CIF Open Division championship team last spring. He is an athletic and threatening midfielder who played like a poised senior a year ago. Look for Beeson to becoming a truly dominating presence and a major factor in Poway's championship defense. Beeson is committed to Bryant.
Dawson was a major offensive threat last year, scoring 34 goals and earning all-Pacific League first-team honors — as a freshman. Dawson is an athletic player with good size who is quickly becoming skilled and experienced enough to stand out from the crowd. With Hastings alongside him and Costa at attack, Dawson should have plenty of opportunities to shine. Dawson is committed to Harvard.
Copeland returns after earning second team all-Palomar League honors last spring with hopes of leading Rancho Bernardo back to the top of the San Diego lacrosse heap. He's the Broncos' offensive leader and is committed to play at NCAA D-III Ohio Wesleyan next year.
An extremely fundamental midfielder, Mirer returns after a breakout sophomore season (34 goals, 9 assists). He demonstrates all the skill and athleticism you want in a midfielder, and he also grinds it out on defense. Mirer is committed to Notre Dame in the Class of 2018 and will take a post-grad year after finishing high school in 2017. Who are some other midfielders to watch? Let us know in the comments below.


You're probably familiar with some of the visual effects of ageing – loss of elasticity in the skin, and lines appearing around the face and eyes. Whilst these are merely natural aspects of growing older, in some cases you might be longing to return to the days of younger, brighter looking skin. If so, Botox or dermal filler treatments could help you.
Here at Arundel Lodge Dental Surgery, we offer a range of non-surgical facial aesthetic treatments to help restore youth and vitality into your skin once more, with minimal discomfort.
For Botox and dermal filler treatments, you will have an initial consultation to allow our experienced team to assess your suitability and talk you through what is involved, as well as giving you the opportunity to ask any questions you might have.
James provides non-surgical treatments for facial lines and wrinkles. Lines in the skin caused by over activity of the facial muscles can be treated with wrinkle reducing injections. Deeper lines and folds due to volume loss are normally better treated with dermal fillers.
Botox® is the trade name for Botulinum toxin which is a chemical produced by the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum. Botox® is a purified protein derivative of the toxin, which when injected into a muscle temporarily stops it from working or weakens it. It does this by blocking the chemical message from the nerve to the injected muscle.
By using facial muscles repeatedly throughout a lifetime, the skin is creased in areas of greatest use. The aging process causes the slowdown of collagen and elastin production in the skin so these areas of over-use become damaged and the lines become permanent. By reducing the movement of muscles in these areas with Botox®, the skin stops being creased and is allowed to recover, causing the lines to soften or even fade away. In the areas treated, the muscles are temporarily inactivated (always reversible), during which time the patient can break the subconscious habit of overusing these muscles. Depending on each individual and the dose used, the response to treatment can vary from a relaxation of the muscles to an inability to move the muscles. For the first couple of years, treatments about every 4 months are required to re-educate the facial muscles. Thereafter, treatments would be less frequent until a yearly maintenance treatment may be all that is required.
As long ago as 1978, Botox® was used as a treatment for patients with eye squints by weakening the overactive eye muscle. Since then, it has been used in a variety of therapeutic areas such as spasmodic neck, writer's cramp, tics, multiple sclerosis, facial spasm, Parkinson's Disease and cerebral palsy, to name but a few. The cosmetic effect of Botox on wrinkles was originally documented by a plastic surgeon in 1989 and in 2002 was approved by the FDA for temporarily improving the appearance of moderate to severe frown lines between the eyebrows.
More than a million patients have since been treated with Botox® and around 200,000 anti-wrinkle treatments are carried out in the UK every year.
In high concentrations botulinum toxin is a potent poison. However, Botox® used in minute doses, as it is in cosmetic therapy, has a very high margin of safety.
The safest conditions are those issued by The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) whose guidance says treatments should only be carried out on licensed premises with resuscitation equipment available in case of an emergency. The RCS also recommends that only doctors, dentists or registered nurses who have undergone the appropriate training should be allowed to perform the treatments.
The procedure takes about 5 to 10 minutes. James will ask you to use certain muscles of the face to observe how they work. An extremely fine, short needle is used to inject the Botox into the appropriate area. The area may have some slight redness and swelling, which normally resolves in an hour or two. After treatment, you should not massage the injected area. You should not lie down for four hours after treatment.
By using a very fine needle and due to the fact that most of the typical areas to be injected are superficial most patients only experience some slight discomfort. Local anaesthetic is not normally required.
The treatment normally starts to take effect after 4 to 14 days, but this may vary slightly. The effect will normally last between 2 and 6 months, when you will start to notice an ability to move the muscles more freely.
Side effects of these treatments are rare. Most people find that the injection causes only mild discomfort, and there may be mild swelling, which usually subsides in 48 hours. Patients treated with therapeutic doses can experience exaggerated muscle weakness and occasionally a temporary drooping of the eyelid can occur. This may last a few weeks but will always resolve. Special eye drops can be prescribed to help lift the lid back into position. In extremely rare cases, patients have developed an allergy to the treatment, while others have shown resistance, ie Botox caused little or no effect.
Dermal fillers are based on Hyaluronic Acid which is a substance that naturally exists throughout your body. As we get older, the natural levels of collagen within our skin reduces, which causes our skin to lose its shape and firmness.
By injecting filler into areas that are wrinkled or depressed the filler can replace the volume that has been lost and plump up the skin to give a more youthful appearance. Cheekbones can be enhanced and lips can be given a fuller appearance as well as eliminating wrinkles and lines.
A very fine needle is used to deliver the dermal filler to the required area – this does cause some slight discomfort but local anaesthetic is generally only necessary for treatments to the lips as these are particularly sensitive. An improvement in appearance should be evident straightaway and this normally lasts for 6-8 months as dermal fillers are not permanent.
Over time, the filler is slowly broken down and absorbed by the body returning the treated area to its original appearance – the exact time period for this process varies according to the type of filler used and which part of the face as well as individual differences we all have – therefore follow up treatments will be necessary to maintain your changed look.
We offer, or to book an appointment for an initial consultation, call us on 01306 887764/882737.


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Khulna (Bangladesh) weather
Today. Maximum daytime temperature: 27 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 16 degrees Celsius. Cloudy changing to clear by nighttime. Sunrise: 06:42; Sunset: 17:49. UV: Moderate;
Cloudy changing to clear by nighttime.
Thursday 2 February. Maximum daytime temperature: 26 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 15 degrees Celsius. Sunny. Sunrise: 06:41; Sunset: 17:50. UV: High;
Friday 3 February. Maximum daytime temperature: 26 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 14 degrees Celsius. Clear. Sunrise: 06:41; Sunset: 17:50. UV: High;
Saturday 4 February. Maximum daytime temperature: 26 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 14 degrees Celsius. Clear. Sunrise: 06:40; Sunset: 17:51. UV: High;
Sunday 5 February. Maximum daytime temperature: 26 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 14 degrees Celsius. Clear. Sunrise: 06:40; Sunset: 17:52. UV: High;
Monday 6 February. Maximum daytime temperature: 27 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 15 degrees Celsius. Clear. Sunrise: 06:40; Sunset: 17:52. UV: High;
Tuesday 7 February. Maximum daytime temperature: 27 degrees Celsius; Minimum nighttime temperature: 16 degrees Celsius. Clear. Sunrise: 06:39; Sunset: 17:53. UV: High;
Eight day forecast for Khulna
NNW 6
14 15 17 15 14 13 11 9 7 7 7 8 9 10
G G G G G G G G G G G G G G
3 4 5 4 3 2 1 1 - - - - - -
11 12 13 14 14 13 13 14 14 15 17 18 19 19 18 18 15 11 8 8 9 9 9 8
G G G G G G G G VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG VG G
- - - - - - - 1 2 3 4 5 7 5 4 3 2 1 - - - - - -
<5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5%
16° 16° 15° 15° 15° 14° 14° 18° 23° 25° 21° 18°
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G G G G G G G G VG VG VG VG
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5 5 6 9 18 16 7 6
NNE 3
Chalna 16.0 miles
Satkhira 31.7 miles
Jessore 34.2 miles
Barisal 52.0 miles
Kolkata Int Airport 72.1 miles
Chandpur 78.3 miles
Dhaka 80.8 miles
Kolkata 81.1 miles
Dhaka International 82.6 miles
Ishurdi 95.0 miles
View all locations in Bangladesh
Stratocumulus clouds
What are the different types of rain?
Virga clouds
Cirrocumulus clouds
What is the pollen count?
Locations All locations in Bangladesh


Auto owners insurance Parker CO. Find Unbeatable Prices on Car Insurance! FREE QUOTES Available Today!
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UL Joins Forces with Marex Canada Limited to Offer Engineering Expertise and Field Evaluation Services in Alberta
Toronto, ON, August 2, 2016 – UL, a global safety science organization, announces an alliance with Marex Canada Limited to deliver field evaluation services for gas-fired equipment in the…
UL Issues Performance Verification of 4K Cables
NORTHBROOK, Ill., July 23, 2016 – UL Wire & Cable, a division of UL (Underwriters Laboratories), today announces that it has issued its performance verification to 4K cables of the…
China CCC Update – Luminaire (LITE) Standard Update
There has been a standard update regarding the safety requirements for the CCC Mark for Luminaire Products. According to the Standardization Administration (SAC) of the P.R. China's…
UL Warns of Counterfeit UL Mark on Table Lamp (Release No. 16PN-13)
NORTHBROOK, Ill., July 29, 2016 — The following is a notification from UL that the table lamp identified below bears a counterfeit holographic UL…
UL Warns of Potentially Hazardous Surge Protectors (Release No. 16PN-10)
NORTHBROOK, Ill., July 29, 2016 — The following is a notification from UL that the surge protectors identified below may pose a fire hazard. The…
Samsung's LED Component Test Lab Approved by UL for UL Total Certification Program
Samsung Electronics, a world leader in advanced component solutions, announced on May 26, 2016 that its test lab for LED packages and modules has been qualified by UL (Underwriters…
City lights convert from luminaries to LED
LEDs, or light emitting diodes, are all around you. They're in your smart phone, motor vehicles, tablets, microwave ovens, wide-screen TVs and traffic lights. And they're being introduced…
Slowly but surely, EMV adoption in the U.S. is coming along
It's been nine months since the October 2015 fraud payment liability shift that mandated U.S. merchants to install point-of-sale (POS) systems that accept EMV (Europay, MasterCard and Visa)…
UL Environment Publishes First Global Product Category Rule (PCR)
MARIETTA, Ga., July 26, 2016 – UL Environment, a business division of UL (Underwriters Laboratories), announced today the publication of the first global Product Category Rule (PCR) for…
Inside UL's New Fuel Burning Testing Facility
Toronto, Ontario lab designed to provide full range testing and certification services for gas, oil, and solid fuel appliances TORONTO, ON, July 7, 2016 – UL, a global safety science…
UL tests furniture in the name of quality and longevity
Whether rock tables found in ancient caves or jeweled thrones built for Kings, furniture occupies a unique and enduring place in human life. For modern-day people, the sectional couch…
ZDHC Announces New Online Portal for Chemicals
Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) has announced the release of ZDHC Chemical Registry, a new online portal specifically for chemicals found in textiles, and scheduled to launch…
ASTM Releases Bassinets and Cradles Standard
ASTM International has released ASTM F2194-16 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and Cradles, to minimize the risks of incidents to an infant resulting from normal use and…
ASTM Releases Standard for Children's Chairs and Stools
ASTM International has issued ASTM F2613-16 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Children's Chairs and Stools. The standard specifies testing requirements for structural integrity…
Brazil Publishes New Ordinances for Children's Products
The National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO) has published new requirements for one-piece plastic chairs and power chairs for children: INMETRO Ordinance No. 222…
California Sets New MADL for Bisphenol A
California's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has issued an Amendment to Section 25805, Maximum Allowable Dose Level - Bisphenol A (Dermal Exposure from Solid…
Canada Introduces Cribs, Cradles and Bassinets Regulations
The Canadian government has introduced new Cribs, Cradles and Bassinets Regulations (CCBR) to ensure these products' safety for infants and young children. The new CCBR covers the…
CEN Releases Textiles Standards
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) has released the following textile standards: REFERENCE TITLE DESCRIPTION EN ISO 105-D02:2016 Tests for colour fastness - Part D02:…
China Enacts Infant and Children's Textile Safety Standard
The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) has implemented the Mandatory National Standard GB 31701-2015: Safety Technical Code for Infants' and Children's…
China Enforces Requirements for Sunscreen Labeling
China's Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) has implemented its "Requirement for Sunscreen Labeling Regulation," revising the labeling requirements for sun protection factor (SPF) and PFA…


The Denver Post's Elizabeth Hernandez reports that, barring an agreement with the district, teachers in the city will vote this weekend on whether to proceed with a strike.
For the Chattanooga Times Free Press, Meghan Mangrum reports on the latest tobacco product targeted to teens – nicotine toothpicks.
The Tennessee Pathways in Education program saves students from dropping out, but its success isn't reflected in state metrics, reports Jennifer Pignolet for the Commercial Appeal in Memphis.
#TellEWA Gap in TN's accountability system means districts are "dinged" for trying to reengage students who would otherwise drop out.
Danielle Dreilinger writes about the "AI-In-A-Box" program that is bringing artificial intelligence to K-12 classrooms for EdSurge.
In announcing her resignation alongside her decision to remove Silent Sam's pedestal, UNC's chancellor may have salvaged her legacy, writes Sarah Brown for The Chronicle of Higher Education.
A consultant hired to improve Nebraska schools earns more during one site visit than young Nebraska teachers do in a month, writes Joe Dejka for the Omaha World-Herald.


The male lion has been called the "King of the Jungle", but does he live up to the name? The male lion is a magnificent animal that appears as a symbol of power, courage and nobility on family crests and national flags in many civilizations. His job is to watch over the "Pride". But the female lioness is formidable as well.
A male cat can stand 4-5 feet tall and weight in at 500 lbs. He is well know for his strength and intimidating size. The female lion is formidable as well even at around 200 lbs. Her job is to do most of the work around camp. Both are built for different jobs one being smaller, faster and more cunning while the other is about brute strength and protection.
The female lioness does most of the work around camp and about 90 percent of the pride's hunting. The male lion patrols the territory and protects the pride, for which he takes the "lion's share" of the females' prey. This hardly seems fair, but when in the savanna the lion makes the rules, not the lioness. In our estimation the "King of the Jungle" lives up to his name. But the lioness performs a very important part too, and without the team effort there would be no "Pride" to watch over. When it comes to food, each lion looks out for itself. Squabbling is common, with adult lions usually eating first, followed by the lioness and then the cubs. Males defend their territory, be it open woodland or scrub, by marking the area, roaring to promote fear and to chase off intruders.
Lions are the laziest of the big cats which makes them easy prey for safari travelers wondering eyes. When resting, lions seem to enjoy good fellowship with lots of touching, head rubbing, licking and purring. They can be spotted perched on small hill tops for a better view with the pride nearby for protection. They spend up to 20 hours a day sleeping and resting, devoting the remaining hours to hunting, courting or protecting their territory. They keep in contact with one another by roaring loud enough to be heard up to five miles away. During a game drive this can be unnerving to hear but it makes your realize there is nothing quite like a Tanzania safari to make your feel alive.
Thank's for the great post about Lion pride's.


Squarish, flattened crab; flattened legs fringed with long hair on inside edge of last two segments. To 55 mm across.
Under rocks in shallow water; from estuarine mangroves up-river to fresh water. Good swimmer. Northern Australia to Brisbane, Qld; East Africa to Japan.


Innovative products are seen as key source of competitive advantage. On the basis of an under-developed concept of entrepreneurship research, known as Effectuation examined Daniel Kuepper how companies can design their innovation management more successful. An empirical analysis of over 400 R & D projects, he points to the approach in Effectuation and demonstrates the success effect. On this basis, the authors recommend to improving innovation management, the konnen.Auf to permanently safeguard the competitiveness of help from technology-based enterprises based on a within the entrepreneurship research developed approach, known as Effectuation examined Daniel Kupper how companies can execute Innovation management can make even more successful. The procedure is explained to Effectuation, highlighted the impact and success in an empirical analysis of over 400 R & D projects demonstrated.
Innovative products are seen as key source of competitive advantage. On the basis of an under-developed concept of entrepreneurship research, known as Effectuation examined Daniel Kuepper how companies can design their innovation management more successful. An empirical analysis of over 400 R & D projects, he points to the approach in Effectuation and demonstrates the success effect. On this basis, the author provides recommendations to improve innovation management that can contribute to sustainable ensure the competitiveness of technology-based firms.


Marshall Toole, Sharon is a licensed family child care provider in Freeport, NY. Marshall Toole, Sharon cares for children as young as 6 weeks through 12 years old. This is a home-based child care that offers a small setting. Please send an email for more information.