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Facebook has a plan to keep violent content…
Facebook has a plan to keep violent content out of your feed. But will it work?
In this May 2012 file photo, the Facebook logo is displayed on an iPad in Philadelphia. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke, File)
PUBLISHED: May 3, 2017 at 10:37 pm | UPDATED: August 28, 2017 at 5:29 am
After coming under intense scrutiny, Facebook announced Wednesday that it plans to hire 3,000 more employees around the world to review violent videos, suicides and other problematic behavior on the social media site.
After a string of tragedies posted on Facebook, CEO Mark Zuckerberg said the company would add to its current staff of 4,500 people who already monitor such activity. In addition, he said they will make it easier for users to report problems, faster for their reviewers to determine which posts violate standards, and easier for the tech giant to contact authorities when needed.
While many praised the announcement, others questioned how effective it would be.
Sarah Roberts, assistant professor at UCLA's Department of Information Studies, said nearly doubling the workforce of these monitors at Facebook would clearly have an impact. But even with 7,500 Facebook monitors around the world, she said, "what they will actually be able to adjudicate and make decisions about is a small subset of the amount of content that Facebook receives in any given moment."
• RELATED STORY: Facebook enlisting army to review videos in wake of online murders, suicides
The Menlo Park-based Facebook, which has 1.9 billion users, walks a fine line when it engages in such moderation practices in terms of potentially making users unhappy — or making that presence felt in a way that's unpleasant to them, she said.
In addition, she said Facebook created "an incredibly powerful tool" with Facebook Live, asked people to use the live video streaming service as they will and then is surprised or unprepared to deal with the tragic yet obvious consequences.
"As long as Facebook Live exists, the matter of another horrible incident happening is not when, it's if," she said. "That's just human nature."
Facebook faced criticism for not doing more to curb such videos from spreading on its service. In one recent instance, Steve Stephens was accused of randomly killing 74-year-old Robert Godwin Sr. in Cleveland, Ohio on Easter Sunday while recording it — and then uploading it to Facebook.
In Southern California, 33-year-old actor Frederick Jay Bowdy broadcast his suicide on Facebook Live from North Hollywood in January.
"The timing is not accidental; it happened because they've had some high profile problems," said Karen North, professor of social media at the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism.
North argued that the move will allow Facebook to cast a "bigger and better net to catch more problems," including those that involve troubled people who need help.
• RELATED STORY: Southern California actor streams his suicide live on Facebook
State Assemblyman Matt Dababneh, D-Encino, said he's "very appreciative" of Facebook's efforts to catch up to their own technology and the unintended consequences of it.
Dababneh, a member of the California Legislative Technology and Innovation Caucus, introduced a bill in March dubbed Jordan's Law that if approved, would criminalize social media-motivated attacks. The proposed bill is named after 14-year-old Jordan Peisner, a San Fernando Valley teen who sustained serious head injuries after a boy he did not know sucker-punched him in the head outside a Wendy's in December.
The brutal assault was captured on video and posted on Snapchat.
A civil lawsuit filed this week by Jordan's father contends the video was uploaded on the social media site so those involved "could achieve notoriety and social media popularity and fame."
"If young people realize that these types of attacks or other graphic videos or other posts of this nature won't be tolerated online and will be removed quickly, that de-incentivizes their perverse interest in doing it in the first place," Dababneh said.
Jordan's father Ed Peisner, of West Hills, called the move by Facebook "a great start." He said he thinks part of the problem is the real-time nature of Facebook Live, which doesn't allow the company to review video before it's posted.
"It gives everybody this platform where they think they're famous and unfortunately, we have a society today that has to keep up with the Kardashians and one has to one-up everyone else," he said.
Steven Freeman, deputy director of Policy and Programs at the Anti-Defamation League in New York, said because of the large volume of content posted on Facebook, it's really important for users to know how to flag potentially inappropriate posts. The ADL has published a Cyber-Safety Action Guide on its website for this very purpose, he said.
"It's about letting people know what tools are available and encouraging the company to make sure those tools are easy to find and easy to use," Freeman said.
Los Angeles County Sheriff's Capt. Bobby Wyche, of the Special Operations Division, said anything Facebook can do to make potential crimes easier to report and give information to authorities is beneficial.
"The sooner we can find out about a particular crime, the more it helps us to commit resources to that," he said.
North, of USC, said it's likely that Facebook will also move fast to improve its algorithm to identify inappropriate posts. While they have an algorithm that identifies hate speech and some images, such as nudity, it's much more difficult for a computer to identify images that are not clearly inappropriate or dangerous, North explained.
A picture of a gun or a noose, for example, could be an artistic project or the trailer of a movie rather than a murder or a suicide, she said.
"My guess is they're working very hard and very fast to improve that," North said.
The Associated Press and staff writer Queenie Wong contributed to this report.
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Q: Sort Array by Number and Boolean I have an array, every item has a number from 1-10, and every item has boolean value.
I want to sort it, so every item with boolean is in the first part of the array, but it should also be sort by number
Example. This is simplified the initial Array

Item1: Number 3, Boolean false
Item2: Number 8, Boolean true
Item3: Number 4, Boolean false
Item4: Number 2, Boolean true
This Array Should look like this

Item2: Number 8, Boolean true
Item4: Number 2, Boolean true
Item3: Number 4, Boolean false
Item1: Number 3, Boolean false

I already got this function
$refarr =  array_sort($refarr, 'refweights', SORT_DESC);
which sort the Array like this

Item2: Number 8, Boolean true
Item3: Number 4, Boolean false
Item1: Number 3, Boolean false
Item3: Number 2, Boolean true
Is there any other way to archive what i than to split the initial Array into two Arrays (Boolean True and false), sort this by number, and bring them back together?

A: use usort with custom sorting...
<?php

$arr = array(
    array(2, false),
    array(2, true),
    array(3, false),
    array(8, true),
    array(4, false),
    );

usort($arr, function ($a, $b){
    if ($a[0] === $b[0]) {
        return 0;
    }
    return ($a[0] < $b[0]) ? 1 : -1;
});
usort($arr, function ($a, $b){
    if ($a[1] === $b[1]) {
        return 0;
    }
    return ($a[1] < $b[1]) ? 1 : -1;
});
print_r($arr);

output:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 8
            [1] => 1
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2
            [1] => 1
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4
            [1] =>
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => 3
            [1] =>
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2
            [1] =>
        )

)

Refer: https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.usort.php

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text:
Caught in the Crosshairs
Posted byprotocolmagazine1 October 15, 2019 Posted inUncategorizedTags:womensrights
On August 31st, while exiting the office of a Rabati based Gynecologist, Moroccan journalist Hajar Raissouni and her Sudanese fiancé were arrested on the grounds that she had just received an illegal abortion. The pair were subsequently detained at a police station in Morocco's capital city of Rabat before being brought before a prosecutor on September 2nd. Despite repeatedly denying any such procedure, the 28-year-old journalist was officially charged with "consenting to have an abortion", as well as pre-marital sex on September 30th. Raissouni was not the only person to face legal punishment. Her fiancé was also charged with having sex out of wedlock, while the staff of the clinic all faced varying punishments for assisting and performing the procedure.
Hajar Raissouni is a journalist for the independent Arabic-language Moroccan daily Akhbar al-Youm. Akhbar al-Youm is one of the few remaining newspapers left in Morocco that is openly critical of the Moroccan government. According to Human Rights Watch, since its first publication in 2009, Akhbar al-Youm has had repeated run-ins with authorities and has faced restrictions on several occasions. This has led many, in the case of Hajar Raissouni, to accuse Moroccan authorities of creating false charges in order to silence the out-spoken journalist.
Women and Men gathered in protest holding Hajar's photo
Morocco is one of many countries around the world in which abortion is illegal and remains a highly sensitive subject. The country's penal code makes abortions illegal with few exceptions other than life threatening pregnancies. Additionally, Article 490 of the penal code punishes sex outside of wedlock. Morocco has often been criticized both by its citizens and international groups for maintaining outdated laws surrounding topics of sex and reproductive health. A Muslim nation, Morocco follows the Malaki school of Islamic law which is known for being conservative and makes the topic of legalization controversial. Interestingly enough, other schools of Islamic law, namely the Hanafi and Shafi schools, allow abortions up until the 120th day of pregnancy. Nonetheless, in an effort to relax stipulations against abortion following an investigation by the Moroccan Association for the Fight against Clandestine Abortion (AMLAC), the government updated Article 453 of the penal code to allow abortion for cases of incest, rape, and birth defects.
Moroccan women seeking abortions for reasons outside of medical exemptions are forced to undergo the procedure at clinics that often employ untrained staff. In addition to this, under-the-table abortions in Morocco can cost a woman up to 3,000 Moroccan dirhams, which translates to roughly 300 USD. With many making below 400 USD per month this is a steep cost to incur. While abortions may officially remain illegal, this has not stopped nearly 220,000 Moroccan women from undergoing the procedure per year. A research study conducted by Rabat and Salé estimates that at least 50 illegal abortions are performed every day. Another doctor from a hospital in Rabat's Les Oranges neighborhood suggests that there are between 600-800 abortions carried out in Morocco each day.
The country's strict laws around pre-marital sex in combination with the strict abortion protocols has left many women to become single mothers at the mercy of social ostracization. It is estimated that there are about 27,000 single mothers in the kingdom who were abandoned by their partners. Children born outside of wedlock can be denied an identity card, placing limitations on their access to a good future. Additionally, adoption is not a common or widely accepted practice, and often times these children end up in orphanages or forced into poverty.
Morocco's stance on women's reproductive health, more specifically abortion, is not unique for the region. Most countries across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) hold similar if not identical views on the topic. All countries in the MENA region permit the procedure if the mother's life is in danger, while some allow it if the fetus puts the mother's mental health at risk, there are fetal impairments, or the pregnancy is a result of rape. Only Tunisia and Turkey allow women to have an abortion on demand during the first trimester. Nonetheless, this does not mean these laws are always put into practice or followed. Cuts to government health expenditures coupled with the resurgence of religiously-oriented political parties target family planning and women's health services first. In Turkey, it has become increasingly difficult to find public hospitals that will agree to perform abortions, while other hospitals simply refuse.
As mentioned before, Hajar Raissouni's case has led many to believe her arrest over an alleged abortion is really a cover to silence her work. Human rights groups and Moroccan nationals have expressed their suspicions surrounding the sequence of events which led to her arrest and the evidence presented at her prosecution. Hajar's uncle, who is the editor-and-chief of the controversial newspaper, has said that his niece has been wrongly convicted and rather she is a political prisoner. The young journalist even wrote a letter from prison which was recently published by Akhbar al-Youm which detailed her questioning during detention. Rather than discussing her alleged abortion, the undercover police who arrested Hajar interrogated her about the newspaper and the high-profile members of her family (her uncles Souliman and Ahmed). Ahmed was the former leader of Morocco's largest Islamic group- the Party for Unity and Reform. In the letter, Hajar Raissouni says the chargers are fabricated and that she is being targeted for her work with the newspaper where she has repeatedly covered unrest in northern Morocco's Rif region. A part of the country that has fought famously for many years for independence, sighting cultural and ideological differences from the rest of Morocco on the basis of its Amazigh (Berber) identity.
Rabatis on Mohammed V Avenue in Rabat holding Amazigh flags
The conflation of women's bodily autonomy and reproductive health with politics is an age-old issue, unique neither to the past, nor the present. Abortion has also recently been used as a tool to curtail political opposition in Turkey. Most recently, Istanbul's provincial directorate of security demanded names of all the women who had abortions between January 2017 and May 2019 as part of "Terror Investigations." It was claimed that the information was necessary as part of an ongoing investigation into membership of armed terrorist organizations, bribery, and insulting the president and state elders. Luckily, Turkish Law surrounding information related to health and sexual life protected these women's identities and prevented the information from being released.
Following Hajar Rassouni's arrest, there was immediate local and international outcry about the journalist's situation. Amnesty International Middle East called for her immediate release and for Moroccan authorities to repeal the laws. Throughout late September and early October, Moroccans, specifically young Moroccan women, flocked to facebook to share articles about the journalist's situations in addition to their sympathies and personal experiences. On October 2nd, a sit-in was held in front of the Moroccan Parliament in Rabat by an association called 'Collective Assiouar' to demonstrate against government imposed censorship and the kingdom's penal codes which curtail the rights of women. A letter of solidarity was also signed by many Moroccan women and individuals of the Moroccan diaspora which was published in the French Daily Le Monde and proclaimed: "We, Moroccan citizens, declare that we are outlaws. We are violating laws that are unfair, obsolete, no longer necessary. We had sex outside marriage. We have undergone, performed, or been accomplices in an abortion."
As a country that is still reconciling its postcolonial, Muslim, and North African identity, Morocco is caught in the crosshairs of the fight between liberal and conservative ideologies. Although Morocco's stance on topics related to sexual and reproductive health as well as women's health is not unique for the region- let alone the world-it seems Morocco is especially full of paradoxes surrounding sex and sexuality. One where Plan B is readily available in pharmacies around the capital city, especially when a foreigner or ex-pat is in search of it, but also one where a Moroccan couple cannot rent a hotel room without presenting a marriage certificate and where gay, trans, and gender-queer individuals are still persecuted and imprisoned. More generally, and possibly more disturbing, is the way in which women's bodily autonomy and sexuality is used as a weapon to silence dissent and force conformity. While some say patience is key to seeing these changes in Morocco and the Middle East more broadly. It was just last year when new laws were implemented to protect women from domestic violence. However, for Morocco's women and youth, time is a precious commodity.
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