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Books 2020
21st January – Mary and Philip: The Marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain by Alexander Samson
(c) Manchester University Press
'The co-monarchy of Mary I and Philip II put England at the heart of early modern Europe. This positive reassessment of their joint reign counters a series of parochial, misogynist and anti-Catholic assumptions, correcting the many myths that have grown up around the marriage and explaining the reasons for its persistent marginalisation in the historiography of sixteenth-century England. Using new archival discoveries and original sources, the book argues for Mary as a great Catholic queen, while fleshing out Philip's important contributions as king of England. It demonstrates the many positive achievements of this dynastic union in everything from culture, music and art to cartography, commerce and exploration. An important corrective for anyone interested in the history of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain.'
Further details – Manchester University Press
22nd January – Edward II's Nieces: The Clare Sisters: Powerful Pawns of the Crown by Kathryn Warner
(c Penn and Sword History
'The de Clare sisters Eleanor, Margaret and Elizabeth were born in the 1290s as the eldest granddaughters of King Edward I of England and his Spanish queen Eleanor of Castile, and were the daughters of the greatest nobleman in England, Gilbert the Red' de Clare, earl of Gloucester. They grew to adulthood during the turbulent reign of their uncle Edward II, and all three of them were married to men involved in intense, probably romantic or sexual, relationships with their uncle. When their elder brother Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester, was killed during their uncle's catastrophic defeat at the battle of Bannockburn in June 1314, the three sisters inherited and shared his vast wealth and lands in three countries, but their inheritance proved a poisoned chalice. Eleanor and Elizabeth, and Margaret's daughter and heir, were all abducted and forcibly married by men desperate for a share of their riches, and all three sisters were imprisoned at some point either by their uncle Edward II or his queen Isabella of France during the tumultuous decade of the 1320s. Elizabeth was widowed for the third time at twenty-six, lived as a widow for just under forty years, and founded Clare College at the University of Cambridge.'
Further details – Pen and Sword History
Further details – Amazon
30th January – The Lost Queen: The Life & Tragedy of the Prince Regent's Daughter by Anne M Stott
(c) Pen and Sword History
'As the only child of the Prince Regent and Caroline of Brunswick, Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796-1817) was the heiress presumptive to the throne. Her parents' marriage had already broken up by the time she was born. She had a difficult childhood and a turbulent adolescence, but she was popular with the public, who looked to her to restore the good name of the monarchy. When she broke off her engagement to a Dutch prince, her father put her under virtual imprisonment and she endured a period of profound unhappiness. But she held out for the freedom to choose her husband, and when she married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg she finally achieved contentment. Her happiness was cruelly cut short when she died in childbirth at the age of twenty-one only eighteen months later. A shocked nation went into mourning for its people's princess', the queen who never was.'
From – Amazon.co.uk
30 January – The Man Behind the Tudors: Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk by Kirsten Claiden-Yardley
'Thomas Howard, 2nd duke of Norfolk, lived a remarkable life spanning eighty years and the reigns of six kings. Amongst his descendants are his granddaughters, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard, and his great-granddaughter, Elizabeth I. The foundations of this dramatic and influential dynasty rest on Thomas' shoulders, and it was his career that placed the Howard family in a prominent position in English society and at the Tudor royal court. Thomas was born into a fairly ordinary gentry family, albeit distantly related to the Mowbray dukes of Norfolk. During the course of the fifteenth century, he and his father would rise through the political and social ranks as a result of their loyal service to Edward IV and Richard III. In a tragic turn of events, all their hard work was undone at the Battle of Bosworth and his father was killed fighting for King Richard. Imprisoned for treason and stripped of his lands and titles, Thomas had to start from the beginning to gain the trust of a new king. He spent the next thirty-five years devoting his administrative, military and diplomatic skills to the Tudors whilst rebuilding his family fortunes and ensuring that his numerous children were well-placed to prosper.'
Further details – Pen and Sword Books
11th February – Matilda: Empress, Queen, Warrior (paperback) by Catherine Hanley
A life of Matilda-empress, skilled military leader, and one of the greatest figures of the English Middle Ages Matilda was a daughter, wife, and mother. But she was also empress, heir to the English crown-the first woman ever to hold the position-and an able military general. This new biography explores Matilda's achievements as military and political leader, and sets her life and career in full context. Catherine Hanley provides fresh insight into Matilda's campaign to claim the title of queen, her approach to allied kingdoms and rival rulers, and her role in the succession crisis. Hanley highlights how Matilda fought for the throne, and argues that although she never sat on it herself her reward was to see her son become king. Extraordinarily, her line has continued through every single monarch of England or Britain from that time to the present day.'
Further details – Yale Books
28th February – A Hidden History of the Tower of London: England's Most Notorious Prisoners by John Paul Davis
'Famed as the ultimate penalty for traitors, heretics and royalty alike, being sent to the Tower is known to have been experienced by no less than 8,000 unfortunate souls. Many of those who were imprisoned in the Tower never returned to civilisation and those who did, often did so without their head! It is hardly surprising that the Tower has earned itself a reputation among the most infamous buildings on the planet. There have, of course, been other towers. Practically every castle ever built has consisted of at least one; indeed, even by the late 14th century, the Tower proudly boasted no less than 21. Yet even as early as the 1100s, the effect that the first Tower had on the psyche of the local population was considerable. The sight of the dark four-pointed citadel – at the time the largest building in London – as it appeared against the backdrop of the expanding city gave rise to many legends, ranging from the exact circumstances of its creation to what went on within its strong walls. In ten centuries what once consisted of a solitary keep has developed into a complex castle around which the history of England has continuously evolved. So revered has it become that legend has it that should the Tower fall, so would the kingdom. Beginning with the early tales surrounding its creation, this book investigates the private life of an English icon. Concentrating on the Tower's developing role throughout the centuries, not in terms of its physical expansion into a site of unique architectural majesty or many purposes but through the eyes of those who experienced its darker side, it pieces together the, often seldom-told, human story and how the fates of many of those who stayed within its walls contributed to its lasting effect on England's – and later the UK's – destiny. From ruthless traitors to unjustly killed Jesuits, vanished treasures to disappeared princes and jaded wives to star-crossed lovers, this book provides a raw and at times unsettling insight into its unsolved mysteries and the lot of its unfortunate victims, thus explaining how this once typical castle came to be the place we will always remember as THE TOWER.'
5 March 2020 – Daughters of Chivalry: The Forgotten Children of Edward I (paperback) by Kelcey Wilson-Lee
(c) Picador
'Virginal, chaste, humble, patiently waiting for rescue by brave knights and handsome princes: this idealized – and largely mythical – notion of the medieval noblewoman still lingers. Yet the reality was very different, as Kelcey Wilson-Lee shows in this vibrant account of the five daughters of the great English king, Edward I.
The lives of these sisters – Eleanora, Joanna, Margaret, Mary and Elizabeth – ran the full gamut of experiences open to royal women in the Middle Ages. Living as they did in a courtly culture founded on romantic longing and brilliant pageantry, they knew that a princess was to be chaste yet a mother to many children, preferably sons, meek yet able to influence a recalcitrant husband or even command a host of men-at-arms. Edward's daughters were of course expected to cement alliances and secure lands and territory by making great dynastic marriages, or endow religious houses with royal favour. But they also skilfully managed enormous households, navigated choppy diplomatic waters and promoted their family's cause throughout Europe – and had the courage to defy their royal father. They might never wear the crown in their own right, but they were utterly confident of their crucial role in the spectacle of medieval kingship.
Drawing on a wide range of contemporary sources, Daughters of Chivalry offers a rich portrait of these spirited Plantagenet women. With their libraries of beautifully illustrated psalters and tales of romance, their rich silks and gleaming jewels, we follow these formidable women throughout their lives and see them – at long last – shine from out of the shadows, revealing what it was to be a princess in the Age of Chivalry.'
Further details – Picador
11th March – Plantagenet Princesses: The Daughters of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II by Douglas Boyd
'The names of few medieval monarchs and their queens are better known than Eleanor of Aquitaine, uniquely queen of France and queen of England, and her second husband Henry II. Although academically labelled medieval', their era was the violent transition from the Dark Ages, when countries' borders were defined with fire and sword. Henry grabbed the English throne thanks largely to Eleanor's dowry because she owned one third of France. Their daughters also lived extraordinary lives. If princes fought for their succession to crowns, the princesses were traded – usually by their mothers – to strangers for political power without the bloodshed. Years before what would today be marriageable age, royal girls were despatched to countries whose speech was unknown to them and there became the property of unknown men; their duty the bearing of sons to continue a dynasty and daughters who would be traded in their turn. Some became literal prisoners of their spouses; others outwitted would-be rapists and the Church to seize the reins of power when their husbands died. Eleanor's daughters Marie and Alix were abandoned in Paris when she divorced Louis VII of France. By Henry II, she bore Matilda, Alienor and Joanna. Between them, these extraordinary women and their daughters knew the extremes of power and pain. Joanna was imprisoned by William II of Sicily and worse treated by her brutal second husband in Toulouse. If Eleanor was libelled as a whore, Alienor's descendants include two saints, Louis of France and Fernando of Spain. And then there were the illegitimate daughters, whose lives read like novels…
18th March – Elizabeth I's Secret Lover: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester by Robert Stedall
(c) Penn & Sword History
'In many respects Dudley was the most significant figure of his age. As a great impresario, he showed Elizabeth off to her people to glittering effect and became the forerunner of Shakespearian theatre, combining classicism with ribaldry. He attracted the financing of Drake's circumnavigation. He was the supporter of academic endeavour, of poetry, and of Puritan scholarship. By employing a network of his own agents, he provided information of crucial importance to Government. He built some of the finest houses and gardens of the age. As Master of the Horse, he developed English bloodstock to provide horses for Royal and military requirements. He saw to it that England's navy and army was properly prepared to meet Continental aggression when needed. Lord Robert Dudley has faced criticism from historians by competing with William Cecil to gain the ear of Elizabeth I and thwarting his efforts to arrange a political marriage for her to protect against Continental Catholic aggression. There can be no doubt that Elizabeth wanted to marry him. He was devastatingly attractive, athletic and loyal. The text provides compelling evidence that the virgin queen' spent time in bed with him. An influential and important character of the Elizabethan age, this biography places Robert Dudley within the context of the time and how he navigated court as the favourite of the infamous Elizabeth I.'
27th March – The Queen's Sisters: The Lives of the Sisters of Elizabeth Woodville by Sarah J Hodder
(c) Chronos Books
'Whether Queen or commoner, the lives of women throughout history is a fascinating study. Elizabeth Woodville, 'The White Queen', managed to make the transition from commoner to Queen and became the epitome of medieval heroines – the commoner who married a King. When she became the wife of Edward IV her actions changed the life of her entire family. Vilified both by their contemporaries and by many historians since, the Woodville family were centre stage during the reigns of Edward IV and Richard III. Elizabeth Woodville became the ancestress of future Kings and Queens. This book takes a fresh look at the lives of Elizabeth's sisters. Although information on them is scarce, by looking at the men they married, their families, the places they lived and the events that they lived through we can catch a glimpse of their lives. Each sister has their own story to tell and they may not have achieved the dizzying heights that their sister did, but they are all fascinating women.'
16th April – Mistresses: Sex and Scandal at the Court of Charles II by Linda Porter
'According to the great diarist, John Evelyn, Charles II was 'addicted to women', and throughout his long reign a great many succumbed to his charms. Clever, urbane and handsome, Charles presided over a hedonistic court, in which licence and licentiousness prevailed.
Mistresses is the story of the women who shared Charles's bed, each of whom wielded influence on both the politics and cultural life of the country. From the young king-in-exile's first mistress and mother to his first child, Lucy Walter, to the promiscuous and ill-tempered courtier, Barbara Villiers. From Frances Teresa Stuart, 'the prettiest girl in the world' to history's most famous orange-seller, 'pretty, witty' Nell Gwynn and to her fellow-actress, Moll Davis, who bore the last of the king's fifteen illegitimate children. From Louise de Kéroualle, the French aristocrat – and spy for Louis XIV – to the sexually ambiguous Hortense Mancini. Here, too, is the forlorn and humiliated Queen Catherine, the Portuguese princess who was Charles's childless queen.
Drawing on a wide variety of original sources, including material in private archives, Linda Porter paints a vivid picture of these women and of Restoration England, an era that was both glamorous and sordid.'
Further details – Linda Porter
30th April – Elizabeth I: The Making of a Queen by Laura Brennan
'Elizabeth I is arguably one of the greatest monarchs and women of English history. Against an uncertain political and religious backdrop of post-reformation Europe she ruled at the conception of social modernisation, living in the shadow of the infamy of her parents reputations and striving to prove herself an equal to the monarchs who had gone before her. This book seeks to explore some of the key events of her life both before and after she ascended to the English throne in late 1558. By looking at the history of these selected events, as well as investigating the influence of various people in her life, this book sets out to explain Elizabeth's decisions, both as a queen and as a woman. Amongst the events examined are the death of her mother, the role and fates of her subsequent step-mothers, the fate of Lady Jane Grey and the subsequent behaviour and reign of her half sister Mary Tudor, along with the death of Amy Dudley, the return of Mary Queen of Scots to Scotland, the Papal Bull and the Spanish Amanda.'
15th July – 1520: The Field of the Cloth of Gold by Amy Licence
'1520 explores the characters of two larger-than-life kings, whose rivalry and love-hate relations added a feisty edge to European relations in the early sixteenth century. What propelled them to meet, and how did each vie to outdo the other in feats of strength and yards of gold cloth? Everyone who was anyone in 1520 was there. But why was the flower of England's nobility transported across the Channel, and how were they catered for? What did this temporary, fairy-tale village erected in a French field look like, feel like and smell like? This book explores not only the political dimension of their meeting and the difficult triangle they established with Emperor Charles V, but also the material culture behind the scenes. While the courtiers attended masques, dances, feasts and jousts, an army of servants toiled in the temporary village created specially for that summer. Who were the men and women behind the scenes? What made Henry rush back into the arms of the Emperor immediately after the most expensive two weeks of his entire reign? And what was the long-term result of the meeting, of that sea of golden tents and fountains spouting wine? This quinquecentenary analysis explores the extraordinary event in unprecedented detail. Based on primary documents, plans, letters and records of provisions and with a new focus on material culture, food, textiles, planning and organisation.'
Further details – Amberley Publishing
30th July – An Alternative History of Britain: The Tudors by Timothy Venning (paperback)
(c) Pen and Sword Books
' Continuing his exploration of the pathways of British history, Timothy Venning examines the turning points of the Tudor period, though he also strays over into the early Stuart period. As always, he discusses the crucial junctions at which History could easily have taken a different turn and analyses the possible and likely results. While necessarily speculative to a degree, the scenarios are all highly plausible and rooted in a firm understanding of actually events and their context. In so doing, Timothy Venning gives the reader a clearer understanding of the factors at play and why things happened the way they did, as well as a tantalizing view of what might so easily have been different. Key scenarios discussed in this volume include: Did the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck ever have a realistic chance of a successful invasion/coup? If Henry Fitzroy, Henry VIIIs illegitimate son, had not died young, might he have been a suitable King or at least Regent on the Kings death? What if Edward VI had not died at 15 but reigned into the 1560s and 70s? How might the Spanish Armada have succeeded in landing an army in England, and with what likely outcome?
6 August – The Honey and the Sting by E.C Fremantle
(c) Michael Joseph
'Three sisters.
Three secrets.
Three ways to fall . . .
England, 1628.
Forcibly seduced by the powerful George Villiers, doctor's daughter Hester is cast aside to raise her son alone and in secret. She hopes never to see Villiers again.
Melis's visions cause disquiet and talk. She sees what others can't – and what has yet to be. She'd be denounced as a witch if Hester wasn't so carefully protective.
Young Hope's beauty marks her out, drawing unwelcome attention to the family. Yet she cannot always resist others' advances. And her sisters cannot always be on their guard.
When Villiers decides to claim his son against Hester's wishes, the sisters find themselves almost friendless and at his mercy.
But the women hold a grave secret – will it be their undoing or their salvation?
Because in the right hands, a secret is the deadliest weapon of all . . .'
Further details – Penguin
Further details – E C Fremantle
6th August 2020 – She is But a Woman: Queenship in Scotland 1424-1463 by Fiona Downie (paperback)
(c) John Donald Short Run Press
'She is but a Woman, the first in-depth study of medieval Scottish queens, investigates the relationship between gender and power in the medieval Scottish court by exploring the art of queenship as practised by Joan Beaufort and Mary of Guelders, queens of James I and James II. These women were excluded from authority but clearly possessed power as wives and mothers of kings. They established and cultivated relationships with members of the court, learned about Scottish political life and supported their husbands in the business of government. The book examines for the first time the arrivals of Joan and Mary in Scotland, their social and political status, their relationships with their husbands and families, and their roles in international diplomacy. This modern re-evaluation of the role and power of the medieval queen is a thematic exploration rather than a biographical study. It situates the experiences of Joan and Mary within a broader European context and provides a new perspective on Scotland's political, social and cultural links with Europe in the fifteenth century.
17th September – The White Ship by Charles Spencer
(c) William Collins
'The sinking of the White Ship on the 25th November 1120 is one of the greatest disasters that England has ever suffered. Its repercussions would change English and European history for ever.
King Henry I was sailing for England in triumph after four years of fighting the French. Congregating with the king at the port of Barfleur on that freezing November night was the cream of Anglo-Norman society: three of his children, including the only legitimate male heir to the throne, as well as the flower of the aristocracy, famous knights, and mighty courtiers. By 1120, Henry was perhaps the most formidable ruler in Europe, with an enviable record on the battlefield, immense lands and wealth, and unprecedented authority in his kingdoms. Everything he had worked so hard for was finally achieved, and he was ready to hand it on to his beloved son and heir, William Ætheling.
Henry I and his retinue set out first. The White Ship – considered the fastest afloat – would follow, carrying the young prince. Spoilt and arrogant, William had plied his comrades and crew with drink from the minute he stepped aboard. It was the middle of the night when the drunken helmsman rammed the ship into rocks. There would be only one survivor from the gilded roll call of passengers…
Written to commemorate the 900th anniversary of the shipwreck, Charles Spencer evokes the harsh and brutal story of the Normans from Conquest to Anarchy. With their heir dead, a civil war of untold violence erupted, a game of thrones which saw families turned in on each other with English and Norman barons, rebellious Welsh princes and the Scottish king all playing a part in a bloody, desperate scrum for power'
Further details – Harper Collins Publishers
17th September – Uncrowned Queen: The Fateful Life of Margaret Beaufort, Tudor Matriarch by Nicola Tallis (paperback)
'As the battle for royal supremacy raged between the houses of Lancaster and York, Margaret Beaufort, who was descended from Edward III and proved to be a critical threat to the Yorkist cause, was forced to give up her son – she would be separated from him for fourteen years. Surrounded by conspiracies in the enemy Yorkist court, Margaret remained steadfast, only just escaping the headman's axe as she plotted to overthrow Richard III and secure her son the throne. Against all odds, in 1485 Henry Tudor was victorious on the battlefield at Bosworth. Margaret's unceasing efforts and royal blood saw her son crowned King Henry VII, and Margaret became the most powerful woman in England.
Nicola Tallis unmasks the many myths that have attached themselves to Margaret and reveals the real woman: an independent and vibrant character, who would risk everything to become Queen in all but name.'
24th September – The Testimony of Alys Twist by Suzannah Dunn
'1553: deeply-divided England rejoices as the rightful heir, Mary Tudor, sweeps to power on a tide of populist goodwill. But the people should have been careful what they wished for: Mary's mission is to turn back time to an England of old. Within weeks there is widespread rebellion in favour of her heir, her half-sister, princess Elizabeth, who is everything that Mary isn't. From now on, Elizabeth will have to use her considerable guile just to stay alive.
Orphan Alys Twist has come a long way – further than she ever dared hope – to work as a laundress at the royal Wardrobe. There she meets Bel, daughter of the Queen's tailor, and seems to have arrived at her own happy ending.
But in a world where appearance is everything, a laundress is in a unique position to see the truth of people's lives, and Alys is pressed into service as a spy in the errant princess's household. Alys herself, though, is hardly whiter than white, and when the princess is arrested she must make a dangerous choice.'
Further details – Little Brown
30th September 2020 – The Boy King by Janet Wertman
(c) Janet Wertman
'Motherless since birth and newly bereft of his father, King Henry VIII, nine-year-old Edward Tudor ascends to the throne of England and quickly learns that he cannot trust anyone, even himself.
Edward is at first relieved that his uncle, the new Duke of Somerset, will act on his behalf as Lord Protector, but this consolation evaporates as jealousy spreads through the court. Challengers arise on all sides to wrest control of the child king, and through him, England.
While Edward can bring frustratingly little direction to the Council's policies, he refuses to abandon his one firm conviction: that Catholicism has no place in England. When Edward falls ill, this steadfast belief threatens England's best hope for a smooth succession: the transfer of the throne to Edward's very Catholic half-sister, Mary Tudor, whose heart's desire is to return the realm to the way it worshipped in her mother's day.'
Further details – Janet Wertman
30th September – Empress Alexandra: The Special Relationship Between Russia's Last Tsarina and Queen Victoria by Melanie Clegg
'When Queen Victoria's second daughter Princess Alice married the Prince Louis of Hesse and Rhine in 1862 even her own mother described the ceremony as more of a funeral than a wedding' thanks to the fact that it took place shortly after the death of Alice's beloved father Prince Albert. Sadly, the young princess' misfortunes didn't end there and when she also died prematurely, her four motherless daughters were taken under the wing of their formidable grandmother, Victoria. Alix, the youngest of Alice's daughters and allegedly one of the most beautiful princesses in Europe, was a special favourite of the elderly queen, who hoped that she would marry her cousin Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and one day reign beside him as Queen. However, the spirited and stubborn Alix had other ideas'
30 September – Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia: Brother and Sister of History's Most Vilified Family by Samantha Morris
'Myths and rumour have shrouded the Borgia family for centuries – tales of incest, intrigue and murder have been told of them since they themselves walked the hallways of the Apostolic Palace. In particular, vicious rumour and slanderous tales have stuck to the names of two members of the infamous Borgia family – Cesare and Lucrezia, brother and sister of history's most notorious family. But how much of it is true, and how much of it is simply rumour aimed to blacken the name of the Borgia family? In the first ever biography solely on the Borgia siblings, Samantha Morris tells the true story of these two fascinating individuals from their early lives, through their years living amongst the halls of the Vatican in Rome until their ultimate untimely deaths. Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia begins in the bustling metropolis of Rome with the siblings ultimately being used in the dynastic plans of their father, a man who would become Pope, and takes the reader through the separate, yet fascinatingly intertwined, lives of the notorious siblings. One tale, that of Cesare, ends on the battlefield of Navarre, whilst the other ends in the ducal court of Ferrara. Both Cesare and Lucrezia led lives full of intrigue and danger, lives which would attract the worst sort of rumour begun by their enemies. Drawing on both primary and secondary sources Morris brings the true story of the Borgia siblings, so often made out to be evil incarnate in other forms of media, to audiences both new to the history of the Italian Renaissance and old.'
16th October – Medical Downfall of the Tudors: Sex, Reproduction & Succession by Sylvia Barbara Soberton
(c) Sylvia Barbara Soberton
The Tudor dynasty died out because there was no heir of Elizabeth I's body to succeed her. Henry VIII, despite his six marriages, had produced no legitimate son who would live into old age. Three of the reigning Tudors (Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I) died without heirs apparent, the most tragic case being that of Mary Tudor, who went through two recorded cases of phantom pregnancy. If it were not for physical frailty and the lack of reproductive health among the Tudors, the course of history might have been different.
This book concentrates on the medical downfall of the Tudors, examining their gynaecological history and medical records.'
5th November – The Fallen Angel by Tracy Borman
(c) Hodder & Stoughton
'King James has apparently lost his appetite for hunting witches, so the medical skills and herbal knowledge that saw Frances accused of witchcraft no longer seem to hang over her like a death sentence. The King would rather be hunting stag and boar – and Frances's beloved husband Thomas is firmly established in the royal household as the Master of Buckhounds. Their family is growing and their estates are secure.
But life at court is never without intrigue, jealousy and danger for long, and a new arrival turns the world upside down.
George Villiers is a young man with the face of an angel – and as his many enemies are about to discover, the cunning heart of a devil.
Soon James is totally in thrall to this charismatic new lover. All the King's former favourites are crushed by Villiers' lies and ruthless scheming. Thomas's life is made a misery and Frances is back under suspicion as Villiers – rapidly made the Earl of Buckingham – moves to secure the hand and fortune of her friend Katherine Manners.
Appalled at the courtier's greed and ambition and the King's weakness and lust, Frances finds herself drawn back towards her old friend Sir Walter Raleigh and his last, desperate plot to see a Catholic monarch on the throne. And then her troubles really begin…
The Fallen Angel is a standalone novel of thrilling power and emotional drama. It is also the concluding volume in the King's Witch trilogy, establishing Tracy Borman as one of our leading writers of historical fiction.'
Further details – Hodder & Stoughton
15th November – Anna, Duchess of Cleves: The King's 'Beloved Sister by Heather R Darsie (paperback)
'Anna was the 'last woman standing' of Henry VIII's wives ‒ and the only one buried in Westminster Abbey. How did she manage it? Anna, Duchess of Cleves: The King's 'Beloved Sister' looks at Anna from a new perspective, as a woman from the Holy Roman Empire and not as a woman living almost by accident in England. Starting with what Anna's life as a child and young woman was like, the author describes the climate of the Cleves court, and the achievements of Anna's siblings. It looks at the political issues on the Continent that transformed Anna's native land of Cleves ‒ notably the court of Anna's brother-in-law, and its influence on Lutheranism ‒ and Anna's blighted marriage. Finally, Heather Darsie explores ways in which Anna influenced her step-daughters Elizabeth and Mary, and the evidence of their good relationships with her. Was the Duchess Anna in fact a political refugee, supported by Henry VIII? Was she a role model for Elizabeth I? Why was the marriage doomed from the outset? By returning to the primary sources and visiting archives and museums all over Europe (the author is fluent in German, and proficient in French and Spanish) a very different figure emerges to the 'Flanders Mare'.
30th November – Disability and the Tudors: All the King's Fools by Phillipa Vincent Connolly
'Throughout history, how a society treated its disabled and infirm can tell us a great deal about the period. Challenged with any impairment, disease or frailty was often a matter of life and death before the advent of modern medicine, so how did a society support the disabled amongst them? For centuries, disabled people and their history have been overlooked. Very little on the infirm and mentally ill was written down during the renaissance period. The Tudor period is no exception, and presents a complex story and unparalleled. The sixteenth century was far from exemplary in the treatment of its infirm, but a multifaceted and ambiguous story emerges, where society's 'natural fools' were elevated as much as they were belittled. Meet characters like Will Somer, Henry VIII's fool at court, whom the king depended upon, and learn of how the dissolution of the monasteries contributed to forming an army of 'sturdy beggars' who roamed Tudor England without charitable support. From the nobility to the lowest of society, Phillipa Connolly casts a light on the lives of disabled people in Tudor England and guides us through the social, religious, cultural and ruling classes' response to disability as it was then perceived.'
11th December 2010 – The Death of Amy Robsart: : An Elizabethan Mystery by Sarah-Beth Watkins
'Amy Robsart was the wife of Queen Elizabeth I's favourite, Robert Dudley, later Earl of Leicester. In September 1560, she was found dead, her neck broken, at the bottom of a flight of stairs at Cumnor Place. Amy was twenty-eight when she died and her marriage to Dudley had been one of great absences and loneliness. Some said she was ill, others that she was desperate. More sinister rumours talked of murder. In this book we look at Amy's unsolved death and examine who had motive to commit such a dark deed. Was it an accident, suicide or murder?'
Further details – Chronos Books


text:
Commentary. Giulio Regeni was representative of the brave men and women trying to create positive change in difficult countries.
Our special 'correspondents' around the world
written by Luciana Castellina
Also filed under commentary
It is no coincidence that the victims of political barbarism of our time are so often people who write and aspire to write for il manifesto. Except for Giuliana Sgrena, a staff writer who suffered the now-familiar dramatic story in Iraq, neither Vittorio Arrigoni, who was killed in Gaza after having written several stories for us, nor Giulio Regeni, who had just begun to approach il manifesto and considered it his "newspaper of record in Italy," were journalists.
That's because — with exceptions such as staff writers Anna Maria Merlo, Michele Giorgio, Luca Celada, Giulia D'Agnolo Vallan, Geraldina Colotti and not to mention "historical" employees like Roberto Livi — almost all of the authors of our many reports from abroad are written by "part-time" journalists. They're almost all young people writing from countries where they're studying on Erasmus grants, as graduate students, researchers or aid workers.
With all due respect to my fellow professional journalists, I must say that the work of our "correspondents" has a special quality: It is the result of daily immersion in the societies in which they live. Because of this, they can give a deeper sense of the experience that can only come from everyday human relationships, and friendships, far apart from the political and institutional realm. One of them was Simone Pieranni, now a pillar of our foreign desk, who landed in our central office two years ago after working in China for eight years as a researcher and freelancer.
One could say that the financial poverty of our newspaper sharpens our wits. The inability to send staff correspondents to a select few permanent bureaus has offered us an alternative resource that, I can say without vanity, makes il manifesto's foreign reportage among the best.
This is not, mind you, exploitation of independent laborers. They themselves do not feel like journalists, and often they have no intention of taking up this line of work. They are people who like to stay in touch with those back in Italy and discover the world, both its ugliness and its beauty.
But those who travel the globe are naturally more exposed to the risks of local repression, as are the native citizens with whom they have close relations. Sometimes they end up sharing the same fate. Regeni's case is the dramatic evidence.
All the more dramatic when you consider that Regeni was perfectly aware of what he risked by writing on the sensitive question of labor rights in Egypt, where just a few years ago an extensive wave of strikes was crushed by the military regime. By email, he asked us to sign the article, for him and his companions, with a pseudonym as a precaution.
On Friday, after his death, we published his last dispatch under his real name. By then every precaution was unnecessary, and it would have been absurd not to tell the world why Regeni died, a testament to his courage and that of all those who work in difficult conditions around the world.
We owed it to Regeni, not only because his writing is the clearest proof of the political character of all the murders that Egyptian authorities try to explain otherwise, but also more generally to bear witness to the important role played by so many people in distant and difficult countries, who are not resigned to busy themselves with private affairs, but endeavor to change the world.
Your weekly briefing of progressive news.
Luciana Castellina
Originally published in Italian on February 7, 2016http://ilmanifesto.info/i-nostri-inviati-nel-mondo/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We introduce an interesting class of monads, called update monads, that form a true generalization of reader and writer monads.
An update monad is given by a set (of states), a monoid (of updates) and an action of the monoid on the set (expressing the effect that updates have on states). Update monads arise as compatible compositions of reader and writer monads, or equivalently, as distributive laws between reader and writer monads. As a result, while state monads fail to be a common generalization of reader and writer monads, update monads are so.
Update monads cover many natural examples. For example, reader and writer monads are special cases of update monads. State monads arise as those update monads where the monoid of updates is the free monoid on the overwrite semigroup structure on the set of states. Further examples with clear programming meaning are given by the state-logging monad and a monad for fixed-size write-once-read-multiple-times buffers.
A finer dependently-typed variation of the concept associates to every state its own set of enabled updates. A dependently-typed update monad is given by a directed container structure, rather than by a set and monoid related by an action. Categorically, such monads arise as the interpretation of the opposite category of directed containers into set functors.
This is joint work with Tarmo Uustalu.
Suffix array is a data structure that has numerous applications such as building full-text indexes, data compression and sequences analysis. Suffix array sorts all the suffixes of the given string lexicographically, thus allowing to collocate repeating patterns in order to analyze them.
There exist a number of algorithms to efficiently construct suffix array from the ground up, as well as algorithms to efficiently transform suffix array in response to small changes in the string. The latter group of algorithms solves so called Dynamic Suffix Array Problem. We consider a restricted version of this problem which only allows to add new symbols to the end of the string (online construction). We aim to explore the possibility to efficiently construct suffix array in such a setting.
The result is the algorithm with complexity O(n log n), adding each new character with amortized O(log n), which is optimal for choosen underlying dynamic data structure. We also showed that string matching can be done online within O(k + log n) despite the fact we are using dynamic data structure with logarithmic factor slowdown. The algorithm uses essentially the same idea as Ukkonen's algorithm : it makes use of implicit suffixes, whose materialization is postponed. The underlying data structure is based on balanced binary search tree and is responsible for storing suffix array itself as well as quickly modifying it. It also maintains LCP array — an important tool for lowering time complexity upper bound.
To our best knowledge such an algorithm has not been yet presented. There is an alternative approach : build suffix array for text in reverse order and match in reverse as well. This approach has a drawback that you don't have actual suffix array of non-reversed text. Also supporting sliding window in such a setting isn't straightforward if possible at least. There's also Salson's dynamic extended suffix array  which allows all this, but doesn't guarantee worst case amortization.
The work is complete with respect to the stated goal.
E. Ukkonen, E. On-line construction of suffix trees. Algorithmica, v. 14, n. 3, pp. 249-260, 1995.
V. Mäkinen, G. Navarro, K. Sadakane. Advantages of backward searching - efficient secondary memory and distributed implementation of compressed suffix arrays. In Proc. of ISAAC 2004, v. 3341 of Lect. Notes in Comput. Sci., pp. 681-692. Springer, 2004.
M. Salson, T. Lecroq, M. Léonard, L. Mouchard. Dynamic extended suffix arrays. In Journal of Discrete Algorithms, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 241-257, 2010.
Inspired by a concrete industry problem we consider the input synthesis problem for hybrid systems: given a hybrid system that is subject to input from outside (also called disturbance or noise), find an input sequence that steers the system to the desired postcondition. In this paper we focus on sampled data systems—systems in which a digital controller interrupts a physical plant in a periodic manner, a class commonly known in control theory—and furthermore assume that a controller is given in the form of an imperative program. We develop a structural approach to input synthesis that features forward and backward reasoning in program logic for the purpose of reducing a search space. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by a prototype implementation that successfully solves the original problem of a considerable size.
We developed fixed-point numbers for the secure multiparty computation platform Sharemind. We also used Chebyshev polynomials and Taylor polynomials to implement square root, inverse, the exponential function and the error functions on fixed-point numbers and on a hybrid version of fixed-point numbers and floating-point numbers.
A lot of cryptographic protocols have been proposed for semi-honest model. In general, they are much more efficient than those proposed for the malicious model. In this paper, we propose a method that allows to detect the parties that have violated the protocol rules after the computation has ended, thus making the protocol secure against covert attacks. This approach can be useful in the settings where for any party it is fatal to be accused in violating protocol rules. In this way, up to the verification, all the computation can be performed in semi-honest model, which makes it very efficient in practice. The verification is statistical zero-knowledge, and it is based on linear probabilistically checkable proofs (PCP) for verifiable computation. Each malicious party is detected with probability (1 - e) for a negligible e that is defined by the failure of the corresponding linear PCP. The initial protocol has to be executed only once, and the verification requires in total 5 additional rounds in the end. If some parties act dishonestly, in the worst case they may force the protocol to substitute each round with 2 rounds, due to the transmission functionality that prevents the protocol from stopping. The verification also ensures that all the parties have sampled all the randomness from an appropriate distribution. Its efficiency does not depend on whether the inputs of the parties have been shared, or each party uses its own private input.
Secure multiparty computation systems are commonly built form a small set of primitive components. If the initial blocks are composable then we can infer the security properties of the composed system from the properties of the initial components. The standard notions of universally composable security can be overly restrictive in secure multiparty computation context and can lead to protocols with sub-optimal efficiency as additional steps are required to make the functionality secure. As a countermeasure, we introduce a notion of privacy that is satisfied by simpler protocols and is preserved by composition. We also fix a passive security model and show how to convert a black-box private protocol into a black-box universally composable protocol in the passive model. Therefore, we obtain a possibility to compose secure protocols out of efficient private protocols and a secure universally composable finishing step.
In this talk, we discuss the design choices and initial experiences with a domain-specific language and its optimizing compiler for specifying protocols for secure computation. We give the rationale of the design, describe the translation steps, the location of the compiler in the whole Sharemind protocol stack, and the results we have obtained with the system.


text:
Saved from the dinner plate: Thousands of stolen cats crammed into crates are rescued by animal activists in China
Nearly 2,000 cats were rescued from a truck in Jiangsu province
The vehicle was heading to restaurants in Guangxi, south China
Animals were thought to be sold under the guise of rabbit meat
The owners of the cats are currently being contacted by police
By Sophie Williams For Mailonline
Chinese animal activists have recently rescued around 2,000 cats thought to be stolen while they were being transported to restaurants.
The cats were found crammed in wooden cages on the back of a lorry on a motorway in Suzhou, east China's Jiangsu Province.
According to the People's Daily Online, the lorry was headed to restaurants in Guangxi Province in south China, where the animals were to be sold under the guise of rabbit meat or pork.
Rescued: The stolen cats were found in a lorry heading for restaurants in Guangxi province, southern China
Love and attention: Activists were shocked to see the animals crammed in crates and alerted the police
Crammed: The animals were found in a truck on a highway piled into crates heading for Guangxi yesterday
World's greatest dad? Desperate father dresses as a woman to... Grave robbing gone wrong: Chinese tomb raiders SUFFOCATE... Moment huge blast rocks Chinese city when gas tank truck... A jigsaw with a cash prize! Couple spends three months...
Volunteers found the truck on a highway heading for Guangxi and called police who were able to stop the vehicle.
Images taken at the scene show the animals crammed tightly into crates with little room to move or properly lie down.
Some of the animals appear to be in a bad condition with marks and scratches over their bodies.
After they were found, the cats were then brought to safety.
Police are currently locating and contacting the owners of the animals.
According to Chinese media, the cats were stolen from areas such as Suzhou and were set to be sold under the guise of rabbit or pork meat.
A spokesperson from PETA spoke with the MailOnline: 'All people with cats or dogs will feel nauseous imagining them being stolen from their home and sold to a slaughterhouse to be turned into a piece of meat, because they are members of our family.'
According to Chinese media, the animals were set to be sold under the guise of pork or rabbit meat
Saved: Animal activists alerted police of the truck's contents who were then able to stop it on a highway
Headed home: Police are currently locating and contacting the owners of the animals
There have been increasing cases of activists rescuing animals in the country.
In December last year, animal activists rescued over a dozen dogs in Xi'an, northwest China's Shaanxi province that were being used for experiments.
While earlier in the year, animal rights activists flocked to Yulin Dog Meat Festival in Guangxi province to rescue as many dogs as possible from slaughter.
2,000 stolen cats saved by animal protection volunteers
1000s of cats crammed into crates are rescued by animal activists in China


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This week we're having an animal themed Friday deal. Many of your favorites are 50% Off for today only. Get 'em while they're in stock! Butterfly Earbuds Phoney - Fox Critter Cups Feed Me Frog Spoon Check back on our blog every Friday for new deals. Have a great weekend!


The directors will introduce the film For Both Screenings. Sponsored by Artichoke Music.
Q & A with co-producer Mario Custodio will follow both screenings.
Jensen Rufe will introduce his film.
Sponsored by The Miracle Theater/El Teatro Milagro.
Following the film there will be a live performance by Portland Sacred Harp.
Sponsored by KMHD, Portland's Jazz station. Charles Lloyd will perform February 18 at this year's Portland Jazz Festival. Full program information at www.pdxjazz.org.
We welcome director Bruce Schmiechen and producer Kevin White for this special work-in-progress screening of their soon to be completed film.
Sponsored by KPSU, Portland State's College Radio.
Cosponsored with Musicians Union Local 99. Following the film, Union President Bruce Fife, along with special guests, will discuss issues raised in the film of importance to local musicians.
This screening has been rescheduled for February 3rd after the originally scheduled screening was snowed out. The discussion will still follow the film on February 3rd.


The Jane Zip Crop by Paige Denim features the brands transcend fibre technology for a luxuriously soft feel, comfortable fit and unyielding support. The mid-rise Jane offers sleek zip detailing along the front pockets and exterior cropped ankles rounding out its edgy attitude. The Smoke Grey wash is a faded, dark grey which looks equally good when paired with a fresh, white blouse as it does with a tough leather biker.
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text:
In re Marriage of Guntren
In re Marriage of Perlmutter
Section 503(c)(2) provides, however, that no reimbursement is to be made if a contribution is not retraceable…
In re Marriage of Hagshenas
Section 503(c)(1) of the Act provides that when marital and nonmarital property is commingled, the commingled…
16 Citing Cases
Full title:In re MARRIAGE OF RUTH C. GUNTREN, Petitioner-Appellee, and FRANK A…
Court:Appellate Court of Illinois, Fourth District. Affirmed in part, and reversed in part and remanded
Date published: Feb 13, 1986
141 Ill. App. 3d 1 (Ill. App. Ct. 1986)
489 N.E.2d 1120
Appellate Court of Illinois, Fourth District. Affirmed in part, and reversed in part and remanded
No. 4-85-0290
Opinion filed February 13, 1986.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Jersey County; the Hon. Thomas G. Russell, Judge, presiding.
Christopher B. Hunter, of Farrell Long, P.C., of Godfrey, and John W. Guntren, of Jerseyville, for appellant.
James R. Heil, of Alton, for appellee.
JUSTICE MORTHLAND delivered the opinion of the court:
The petitioner, Ruth Guntren, and the respondent Frank Guntren, were married in Jersey County, Illinois, on April 27, 1979. Both had been previously married and divorced. As a result of her prior marriage the petitioner received $400 per month in child support and $15,000 per year maintenance. She was a registered nurse. The respondent was an insurance agent.
On December 9, 1983, the petitioner filed a petition for dissolution of the marriage. Respondent thereafter filed an answer and counterpetition for dissolution. At the time the petition was filed, petitioner was 52 years of age and respondent was 49. An order was entered on March 2, 1984, dissolving the marriage and reserving issues of property, maintenance and debt allocation. The trial court held several hearings concerning property disposition and entered its order with reference to the assignment of nonmarital property and division of marital property and indebtedness on January 23, 1985.
The respondent appeals this order, contending: (1) The trial court abused its discretion in that: (a) the marital property was not divided in just proportions; and (b) the trial court failed to properly consider and apply the statutory factors concerning property division; (2) The trial court erred when it failed to reimburse the respondent for nonmarital funds contributed to marital property; (3) The trial court erred in the division of personal property and the assignment of debts; and (4) The trial court erred when it denied respondent's motion for reimbursement of temporary support.
An extensive recitation of the facts is necessary in order to resolve these issues. In June of 1979 the parties purchased a 63 1/2-acre farm and residence. Title was taken in joint tenancy. The purchase price was $78,000, with $38,000 required as the down payment, and apparently a $40,000 mortgage given to secure the balance. The parties do not question the eventual finding by the court that this farm was marital property.
After the marriage each party maintained separate, individual checking accounts. The petitioner had separate funds consisting of support payments for her two minor children and the maintenance payment from her former marriage. During the Guntren marriage she earned approximately $2,000. The respondent kept his earnings from his insurance agency in his separate checking account. According to his testimony, his net earnings for 1979 were $13,438.07; for 1980, $8,121.40; for 1981, $12,403.41; and for 1982, $6,447.24.
A joint savings account was established on June 7, 1979. The original deposit in this account was $59,000. Petitioner testified that this deposit included funds from the sale of a house that had belonged to her mother, funds paid to her by her ex-husband, and other funds which came from her checking account.
The parties appear to agree that the original $59,000 placed in the savings account was used in part as follows: $5,000 for the purchase of a pontoon boat; $38,000 as down payment on the farm; $3,500 for farm renovation; and $12,000 withdrawn by respondent and stated to be for farm renovation. An annuity belonging to the petitioner prior to the marriage was cashed in December of 1979. The respondent testified that this produced the sum of $15,619.55. He further testified that $12,000 of this was paid on the mortgage and $2,181.91 was paid on interest, the remaining balance of $1,437.64 was used for renovation of the property.
Testimony revealed that on June 2, 1980, $13,100 was deposited in the couple's joint savings account, with $1,500 placed in the petitioner's account. Petitioner contended that these funds came from the maintenance payments of her former husband.
The respondent testified that on August 6, 1981, the petitioner contributed an additional $4,000 to be paid on the mortgage principal.
The petitioner testified that she spent $2,000 of nonmarital funds to renovate the upstairs bedroom.
The respondent, with respect to his nonmarital funds, states that he came into the marriage with $12,000 from a fire loss, approximately $13,000 from the sale of his residence and $18,246.12 from inheritances, and that he expended these funds for principal and interest on the mortgage and on repairs and renovations for the residence. He argues, in addition, that he expended not only his personal earnings but also considerable labor in renovating the farm residence.
The respondent in his brief concedes that petitioner made contributions to the marital real estate amounting to $69,609.55, although this sum would include $2,181.91 mortgage interest. It does not include the original $3,500 used for farm renovation, $2,000 allegedly spent by petitioner for renovation of the upstairs bedroom, and $1,437.64 spent on renovation out of the funds from the annuity check. Our calculations show a figure of $74,365.28 of petitioner's traceable nonmarital funds invested in the marital real estate.
The respondent testified that in his opinion the real estate was worth $120,000, while a real estate appraiser testified that it was worth $89,000. The principal balance on the mortgage was $14,777.93.
The trial court entered judgment on property division and debt allocation and in the process assigned respondent his nonmarital property and awarded him marital property consisting of a Navion airplane and a 1977 pickup truck. The respondent was assigned the debt of $9,000 on the airplane, $1,102 on business leads, and $7,305.54 on a loan at the Jersey State Bank. The petitioner was assigned her nonmarital property. In addition, she was assigned the entire marital real estate, two automobiles, the farm equipment and all household goods and furniture other than the nonmarital property assigned to respondent. The petitioner was also assigned the $14,777.93 mortgage indebtedness, a debt to Fleming Oil Company in the sum of $789.03, and one to Ed Koenig in the sum of $548. The latter two debts were for fuel for the farm tractor and for combining wheat. The crop check in the sum of $1,971 was assigned to petitioner also.
• 1 Section 503(d) of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 40, par. 503(d)) states that the trial court "shall divide the marital property without regard to marital misconduct in just proportions," subject to the consideration of 11 enumerated factors. While a fair division does not require that the marital estate be split in equal portions ( In re Marriage of McMahon (1980), 82 Ill. App.3d 1126, 403 N.E.2d 730), the touchstone of proper apportionment is whether it is equitable in nature ( In re Marriage of McNeeley (1983), 117 Ill. App.3d 320, 453 N.E.2d 748). In determining whether a trial court abused its discretion, the appropriate inquiry appears to be whether the court, in view of the totality of circumstances, acted such that no reasonable man would take the view it adopted. ( In re Marriage of Lee (1979), 78 Ill. App.3d 1123, 1127, 398 N.E.2d 126, 129.) A disproportionate award of marital property has been upheld where one party made substantial contributions during the marriage and the other party made few contributions. In re Marriage of Stallings (1979), 75 Ill. App.3d 96, 383 N.E.2d 1065.
One of the relevant factors that the trial court must consider in dividing marital property is the one specified in section 503(d)(1) of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 40, par. 503(d)(1)), which states:
"[T]he contribution or dissipation of each party in the acquisition, preservation, or depreciation or appreciation in value, of the marital and non-marital property, including the contribution of a spouse as a homemaker or to the family unit."
• 2 In making the determination with respect to the contribution of each to the marital estate, it is up to the trial court to examine the evidence and give to it the weight the court determines that it deserves. In this case the trial court in its order pointed out that the petitioner made large, traceable cash contributions toward property acquired during the marriage. It further pointed out in its order that the respondent's contributions of material and labor were indefinite and in any event small relative to petitioner's large contributions. It appears that the trial court chose to disbelieve the respondent's testimony regarding his large expenditures on the marital property. We cannot and do not find an abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court.
The respondent's assertion that the trial court failed to consider the 11 statutory factors set out in sections 503(d)(1) through (11) (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 40, pars. 503(d)(1) through (11)), is without merit. The trial court stated in its decision that it had carefully considered the relevant statutory factors, with emphasis on sections 503(d)(1) and (7), regarding disposition of the real estate. It further stated that it had considered the relevant factors under section 503 in dividing the marital property and debts. The trial court need not make specific findings with reference to each of the 11 statutory factors. In re Marriage of Walsh (1982), 109 Ill. App.3d 171, 440 N.E.2d 310; In re Marriage of Lipsch (1980), 86 Ill. App.3d 81, 407 N.E.2d 1028.
• 3 The respondent's second major contention is that the trial court erred by failing to comply with section 503(c) of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 40, par. 503(c)).
Section 503(c)(1) provides in substance that when marital and nonmarital property are commingled, resulting in a loss of identity of the nonmarital estate, the commingled property is transmuted into marital property. Under section 503(c)(2) the contributing estate shall be reimbursed from the estate receiving the contribution. Hence, if nonmarital property is transmuted into marital property, the party contributing the nonmarital property is entitled to reimbursement of the value of such property provided: (1) the contribution is traceable by clear and convincing evidence; and (2) the contributor did not make a gift of the nonmarital property to the marital estate.
In the case we here consider, the parties on appeal take the position that neither intended nor in fact made a gift of nonmarital property to the marital estate. The petitioner specifically so testified, while the respondent testified that he did not consider the petitioner to be making a gift when she expended funds on the marital property. The trial court specifically found that no gift to the marital estate or to the respondent was made or intended by the petitioner.
The question then arises whether any purported contribution by the respondent of nonmarital funds or property to the marital estate was traceable by clear and convincing evidence. The trial court thought not, and we find no abuse of discretion in this regard. It is true that the respondent testified as to the extent of his nonmarital property and how he applied it to the marital property. The record does not show that his testimony was supported in any way by documentation or other evidence. The matter of believability rests with the trier of fact, and one can only conclude that the trial court here did not consider respondent's evidence of contribution to the marital estate to be clear and convincing.
The trial court did properly apply section 503(c) of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (Ill. Rev. Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 40, par. 503(c)); hence, we find no error in this regard.
• 4 The respondent's next major assertion is that the trial court erred in dividing the personal property and indebtedness when it awarded the farm implements and equipment to the petitioner, yet at the same time ordered the respondent to pay the $7,305.54 loan at the Jersey State Bank. The respondent says that this loan was made primarily to purchase this farm equipment, and petitioner should thus be required to satisfy it. While the record is not entirely clear on the exact manner in which the bank loan was established, we are convinced that it was primarily established for the purchase of the farm equipment and implements. We believe that this loan should follow the farm equipment and implements and should be set off to the petitioner. We conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in this regard and upon remand, the order must be modified to so provide.
• 5 Finally, the respondent contends that the court erred in denying his motion for reimbursement of court-ordered temporary support. In examining this proposition, we must look to all the evidence heard before the court, and to the order entered at the hearing on petitioner's petition for temporary support on January 6, 1984. At that hearing, the petitioner testified that her only assets consisted of a $10,000 annuity and an $8,000 money market account. The court ordered the respondent to pay petitioner's utility bills. As a result respondent paid utility bills totalling $1,382.86. He thereafter filed a motion requesting reimbursement of this amount because the petitioner had falsely testified at the January 6, 1984, hearing, concerning her assets. The petitioner testified at the November 2, 1984, hearing on respondent's motion that she in fact owned additional funds in the sum of approximately $13,800 at the time of the hearing on temporary support, and that she owned as well one lot of land in Carbondale and one lot in Florida. She also testified that between January 1984 and November 1984 she earned $7,000 from her employment as a nurse. The trial court denied reimbursement but modified the order so that petitioner was required to pay utilities on and after October 1, 1984. How the trial court viewed the petitioner's failure to testify at the January hearing concerning the additional assets cannot be determined from the record. It is clear, however, that the trial court stated that the additional assets would not have had a bearing on its January order since it was based primarily upon the fact that the petitioner was unemployed at the time. We find no error in the trial court's denial of reimbursement.
With respect to the judgment of the circuit court of Jersey County we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for entry of orders in accordance with our directions.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part and remanded with directions.
WEBBER and GREEN, JJ., concur.


With its Mediterranean climate, California is a seemingly inexhaustible source for a superabundance of high quality produce including nuts of many varieties. Here, in one simple dessert with Panna Cotta as its main event, you will find a delicious synthesis of six Mediterranean flavors: lemon, cinnamon, almond, pistachio, honey and apricot. Informed by the flavors and textures of flaky, syrup-drenched baklava of the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, the bars use storebought filo as the pastry base. When slathered with nutty-flavored melted clarified butter and paved with chopped and roasted nuts, the filo is then baked to a golden brown. While handling the sheets of filo may take a bit of patience and care, once you have gotten the hang of working gently but quickly with them, the Nutty Filo Bars are a snap to make.
In contrast to the crunch, the creamy Panna Cotta is child's play, perfect to prepare a day or two in advance of serving the dessert.
The sweetened cream and gelatin-set dessert can be flavored in many different ways, depending on your taste. Here are a just a few ideas for starters–coffee beans, tea leaves, whole spices, chocolate and citrus peel are just a few possiblities. It's easy to introduce the flavor or flavors of your choice by merely bringing the cream to the boil with whatever flavoring you choose. Then you remove it from the heat and allow the resulting cream, covered in the pot, for a leisurely steeping before sieving out the solids. Here, you want to check that the flavor you have added comes through loud and clear; if not, allow a little more time for infusing.) You can even accomplish the same thing by placing the cream and flavorings into a bowl, covered, and then refrigerate overnight. On the next day, heat the cream briefly just to melt the sugar and the gelatin that you will be adding to it and proceed with the recipe as below.
Note, too, that you can vary the dairy by using part cream and part buttermilk, yogurt, creme fraiche or even whole milk but in order to be sure that the texture and setting quality of the Panna Cotta are unchanged, don't replace more than half of the quantity of cream shown below with any of the alternate dairy products.
This make-ahead dessert combines the signature flavors of the Mediterranean: nuts, cinnamon, lemon, honey and apricot. It offers a taste experience combining crunchy and creamy elements in one delicious bite and would make a fitting ending to a weeknight supper or elegant "company's coming" dinner.
In a heavy saucepan, place the whipping cream. Add the lemon zest and cinnamon and bring to a simmer. Cover the pot now and allow the lemon and cinnamon flavors to infuse, about 15-30 minutes. Once you can taste those flavors, remove the lemon zest and cinnamon sticks and discard them.
If you are using sheet gelatin, place the sheets into a small bowl of ice water just to cover the sheets. If you are using powdered gelatin, place it in a small bowl with 3 T. cold water. Let stand.
Reheat the infused cream, add the sugar and stir to dissolve. Now remove it from the heat. If using sheet gelatin, remove it from the ice water, squeeze out excess water and immediately add to the cream. Stir it in. It should melt immediately. If using powdered gelatin, add it along with the water that it has absorbed to the still-warm cream and stir it in, making sure it has fully dissolved.
Pour the mixture immediately into 4 small plastic cups, 3 to 4 ounce capacity, or other molds of your choice. Place on a level shelf in the refrigerator, carefully cover them, and allow to set, about 2 hours, or even up to a day or two in advance of serving the dessert.
Cut up the pitted apricots into small pieces, place into a small heavy saucepan and cook over low heat just to soften. (You may first wish to add a small amount of water to the pot to avoid burning the fruit.) Remove from the heat and puree in a food processor or small blender until smooth. (Pass the mixture through a fine meshed sieve, set over a bowl, if the apricot skins have not fully disintegrated). Thin if necessary with water. Store refrigerated until ready to use.
Place the melted butter into a small bowl. Have a clean pastry brush ready.
Mix the egg with the water and place it into another small bowl. Have another pastry brush ready.
Using a wide spatula, carefully pick up each of the strips and place them onto a baking sheet lined with parchment paper or foil. Drizzle lightly with the honey, and bake for about 12 minutes, or until golden brown, turning the sheet pan if necessary to be sure that the bars are browning evenly. Remove from the oven, let cool and then serve with the Panna Cotta.
To unmold the Panna Cottas, simply dip them for a few seconds into a bowl of hot water. Turn immediately onto the serving plates. Spread a generous spoonful of the Apricot sauce on each plate around or beside the Panna Cotta. Place a Nutty Filo Bar on each plate and then drizzle the panna cottas, if desired, with more honey.


Rhode Island Garage Door repair garage doors from all brands and makers in Rhode Island Rhode Island. Many times our customers ask us if we can repair their garage door, since they are not sure if we fix their broken garage door, or they are not sure if we repair wooden garage doors. So we would like to make it clear: If it is a garage door in Rhode Island Garage Door can fix it, and they can fix it today!
From commercial heavy duty Overhead garage doors, to residential garage door tune up, we can repair it. If your garage door spring snapped, the door is out of track, or if the opener do not respond, we are the answer for all your garage door needs in Rhode Island Rhode Island and the area.
There are many reasons that can affect a garage door and the way it is moving. It is enough that one of the rollers is damaged or broke, to take a garage door out of its tracks. When we arrive to inspect a broken garage door at for our customers in Rhode Island, we often find that the problem started long before they contacted us, and if they would of contact a local garage door company in Rhode Island on time, the repair could cost less than third from what it will cost now. So we always say and we will say it again, do not wait until it is too late, and until your garage door will completely stop working. If there is something wrong with your overhead door, if the cable is lose or damaged, the spring broke, the roller is bended, or if the door is making strong noises, contact a local garage door company in Rhode Island to come and fix your broken garage door. Beside saving money, that you will spend if you will wait until the damage will be bigger, you will avoid putting yourself, or one of your family members at risk. We, at Rhode Island Garage Door, offer same day garage door repairs near Rhode Island Rhode Island, and since we carry the parts with us, like garage door spring or rollers, we can fix any broken garage door in Rhode Island on first visit.
Keep in mind that garage doors in Rhode Island Rhode Island can be dangerous, and misuse of the door can end with damage to the property, to the door itself, and even with injuries. If you are not sure, if you do not know what is wrong, or if you think that the problem is something bigger, use a garage door technician in Rhode Island for the repair.
It can be a garage door in Rhode Island, or overhead door in New England, what makes it easy to lift and open even the heaviest overhead doors that weight hundreds of pounds is the door's spring system. The spring system is also and what stop the heavy door from crashing into the ground and break. When one of the springs break, it is usually occurring while the door is closed (When there is the most pressure on the springs), sometime followed by a loud noise that make you wonder if the door is completely broken, that you will have to contact a garage door technician in Rhode Island to come and replace it. But there is no need to worry, most times we can repair the door by replacing the broken spring with a new high quality spring. We have replaced countless amount of garage door springs in Rhode Island, using high quality springs, from the kind that last for many years.
If your garage door in Rhode Island is equipped with extension spring system, and hopefully they are secured with 2 safety cables, then the damage may be minimal, and a replacement of the snapped spring (Or both springs) will usually solve the problem.
If you own a garage door which move with the assistance of extension spring cables, but there are no safety cables installed, contact a local garage door company in Rhode Island to install them for you, or replace them by yourself.
We had a customer in Rhode Island who refused to let us install safety cables for him. 4 months later one of the springs snapped, and part of the spring hit the windshield of the car that was inside the garage. Instead of paying 20$ for safety cable, he ended paying 585$ for new windshield.
If you are not sure what kind of spring system operate your garage door in Rhode Island, look at the springs and you will know. The extension springs are located on the sides of the door, on the top of the tracks, while the torsion springs are wrapped around a metal pipe, and usually located at the center of the door.
Every garage door has its own size of springs, which are calculated by the size and the weight of the door. If one of your torsion spring broke, please contact us for a same day repair in Rhode Island. Do not assume that spring that "looks like"' "almost the same" or any kind of assuming will make the door work. Not only that the door won't work, you will put yourself at risk. Using the wrong spring is dangerous. If you need garage door spring repair, contact a garage door specialist in Rhode Island.
The garage door openers you can find in the market today - as long as you purchase a high quality opener (such as Liftmaster opener) - can last 20 years and more. If you think about it, it is better to invest in high quality openers rather than purchase a cheap opener that may need to be repaired or replaced in 3-5 years. We install high quality garage door openers in Rhode Island Rhode Island, like the Liftmaster openers, that can easily last for 30 years and more.
One of the problems that prevent a garage door from working properly, whether it is a garage door in Rhode Island, or garage door in New England, is a problem with the garage door safety sensors. Luckily, this problem is easy to repair. If you own an automated garage door that operate with an electric opener you will find 2 safety sensors at the bottom of the garage door tracks, or next to it. They are there for a reason, and the reason is your safety. The federal law require that every automated garage door, whether in Rhode Island, or anywhere else in the US will include a safety feature such as the garage door safety sensors.
In most cases, the safety sensors repair is not complicated, and can be easily performed. You can try and repair them by doing it yourself, or you can contact a local garage door repairman Rhode Island to come and repair the safety sensors for you.
Whenever we are asked about do it yourself garage door repair, we like to tell the story about a customer who needed garage door repair in Rhode Island: One evening we received a call from a terrified woman, who told us that her father locked himself inside the garage and he can't come out. Of course that we stopped all projects and rushed to his home in Rhode Island. We arrived and found that the garage door is down and closed due to a broken torsion spring, and that the person inside is locked since the door was too heavy to lift.
He told us that he watched a "do it yourself" garage door spring repair Video, where they explained how to replace a torsion spring. So the first step was to disengage the garage door opener, and so he did, just that the door was half way down, so once he disengaged the motor, the weight of the door pulled the door down and locked him inside. He was lucky that there is a company in Rhode Island which was nearby and could help him in less than 20 minutes. Otherwise he could find himself waiting for hours for someone to help him.
If you read the story we just told, you probably understand that we are not big fans of do it yourself garage door repair. But at the same time we do encourage garage door owners in Rhode Island to do things by themselves such as lubricate their garage door, Repair a broken safety sensor, and other small repairs that doesn't require special tools and professional knowledge.
If you decided to repair your garage door by yourself, please make sure that you have the right tools, the matching parts, and please try to stay on the safe side. Remember: No broken garage door in Rhode Island worth your health. If you are not sure, if you have a question, or if you think the repair is too much for you, contact a local technician for the service.
Emergency garage door repair Rhode Island.
Garage spring replacement Rhode Island.
Garage opener repair Rhode Island.
Garage opener installation Rhode Island.
Out of track repair Rhode Island.
Residential garage door repair Rhode Island.
Commercial garage door repair Rhode Island.
Garage cable replacement Rhode Island.
Same day service near Rhode Island.
If you own a commercial garage door in Rhode Island Rhode Island, you probably know that a perfectly working commercial door can save you a k lot of time and money, which you would of spend otherwise. That is the reason we offer a same day repair service for commercial Overhead doors in Rhode Island Rhode Island.
If you are having issues with your commercial overhead door, the door need repair, but you are thinking to continue to use it, or to repair it by doing it yourself, we suggest that you will think again. A commercial Overhead door, whether it is in Rhode Island or a commercial Garage Door in Rhode Island can be very dangerous, and should be repaired by a trained and experienced technician, who carry the tools, and the right parts for the repair.
The reasons that can make a garage door stop working and get stuck are many. And out of tracks garage door is one of them, and maybe the most dangerous of all of them. It require knowledge ion garage door repairs, and the ability to deal with different repairs. Whether it is a garage door in Rhode Island, or anywhere else, off tracks garage door is extremely dangerous.
If you will look at your garage door, you will find that the thing that holding the garage door on the tracks is no more than the rollers. When the roller jump out of the track, the door cannot, and shouldn't be operated, until a garage door expert will put it back on the tracks. You may consider pushing the roller or the rollers back into the tracks, and not using a qualified garage door technician in Rhode Island to do the repair, but that will be a mistake, since when garage door in Rhode Island is out of tracks, there is a reason for that, and the reason should be taken care of before the door can be used again. If you will not address the issue, the overhead door can come out of tracks again, and the next time can be even more dangerous, since the overhead door can fall completely out of the tracks, and this is something you should avoid. When the door completely fall of tracks, it can hurt anything below it, and the door itself may break in a way that cannot be repaired. As we recommend: if there is something wrong with the door, stop using it, and contact a garage door company in Rhode Island to service the door.
There are many reasons that can make a garage door in Rhode Island jump outside of its tracks. But no matter what is the reason that made the door go out of the tracks, the important thing is to stop using the door and wait for a qualified overhead garage door technician in Rhode Island to fix it. The reasons can change from one door to another, and from commercial garage door repair to residential garage door repair. What matter is that you will use a professional overhead door repairman in Rhode Island for the repair, and that you will not try and force the door to open or close. Sometime the door may be completely stuck and sometime it can still be moved, but that doesn't mean that you should try and move it.
Someone hit the door with the car: The garages in Rhode Island are relatively small, and not once we receive calls from people who tried to exit the garage, and accidentally hit the door with the car. In that case the repair can be simple or complicated, it all depend on the amount of damage to the door. We know that it may seem simple to push the roller back into the tracks, thinking that the door will work again. But what you do not know is that doing so can be dangerous, and the best thing will be to call a garage door repairman in Rhode Island Rhode Island to fix the door for you, make sure that it is safe for use again, and only then get back to use the door. As we said, trying to operate an off tracks garage door is dangerous, since the garage door can fall completely out of tracks. Always use a professional technician for the garage door repair.
There is a problem with the door mechanism: The garage doors in Rhode Island operate with spring system. It can be a garage door in Rhode Island, or a garage door New England. No matter what door you own, or where you are located, do not use a broken garage door. If your door suddenly jumped out of tracks, it may be to several reasons, like broken spring, snapped cable, or broken roller. The important thing is to let everyone know that the door is broken, and call overhead doors company in Rhode Island to fix the door for you.
The roller is Broken: As we explained, the rollers are what connect the door to the tracks. And if you live in Rhode Island, and you have been ignoring the need for garage door maintenance and lubrication like every garage door in Rhode Island need, you probably going to need garage door repairs service in Rhode Island. But even if you did maintained and lubricated your garage door in Rhode Island on time. Some of the garage door parts, like the rollers and pulleys need to be replaced once in a while, no matter how much you lubricated them. And using the door although the rollers or rollers are broken will make the door jump out of tracks again and again. Whether it is a commercial overhead door repairs, or residential garage door repair, do not use the door, and contact a local garage door company that service Rhode Island to come and fix the door for you.
It is never a good thing when your garage door in Rhode Island is locked and you understand that you can't open the door. And if your garage is detached from the house, it is even more frustrating, since you have no access to the garage, since the garage door is the only way to enter the garage. But there is no need to worry, with our emergency garage door repairs in Rhode Island, we can open your locked garage door and fix the problem. There are two different ways to deal with a locked garage door, the first is if the garage door is attached to the house, and you have other ways to enter the garage beside the garage door itself, and the second is when the garage is detached from the house, and when there is no way to access into the garage except for the garage door. In this post we will go over the possible reasons that can prevent garage door from opening when you need it to, and the ways to deal with the problems. The information we provide here is partial, and doesn't include all the possible reason that lead to a locked garage door in Rhode Island that can't be opened. But at the same time, we tried to include the most common reasons that cause the problem, and got your garage door in Rhode Island stuck.
Rhode Island Garage Door can repair any broken garage door in Rhode Island Rhode Island today!
When it comes to garage door service in Rhode Island, whether it is a new garage door installation, spring repair, snapped cable replacement, or any kind of garage door service, you should address the problem itself as well as the cause to the problem. If there is a reason that lead to the problem, you need to take care of it as well.
If the spring broke since it just got all, there is nothing much to do beside replacing it, but if it broke since the door isn't installed properly, if the door hasn't been maintained for a while, or any other problem, the technician need to take care of it as well. All the technicians of Rhode Island Garage Door are trained, and have experience in fixing broken garage doors in Rhode Island Rhode Island, and they know that they should never leave a location, without making sure they leave a door which is safe for use.
Same Day Garage Door repairs Rhode Island Rhode Island!
Service all garage doors brands in Rhode Island!


Were there an official calling within Mormonism of "Church and Culture Lampoonist" (and there should be!), Robert Kirby would be magnifying the heck out of it! For better than thirty years, including the past twenty-one as a columnist at the Salt Lake Tribune, he has held up an affectionate but also serious mirror (and shock collar) to Mormonism, its culture, and its excesses in Utah and other places in which it dominates, especially when its members take themselves too seriously. As an insider who loves his community even as it also at times drives him crazy, Kirby has been able to find a way to give voice to thoughts that so many of us members are thinking—though we are generally less hilarious and insightful than he is—and, in so doing, bless us tremendously. It is important that we see the folly in some of our ways, whether it's how we prioritize certain ideas or practices over others, or how we globalize our way of acting and thinking as the only way to "Mormon" correctly. His work helps us laugh even as we are also caught up short, allowing us to "let in" what we might not otherwise were it presented in a more solemn or preachy manner. And, as we chew on the wisdom of the priorities and ways of being embedded in his humorous and sometimes biting observations, we are better as people and a community.
In this episode, Kirby shares with Mormon Matters host Dan Wotherspoon many things about his life, from his upbringing within the church and the many challenges he's faced in his journey and the changes he has undergone, to his thinking about Mormonism and his role within it. He also shares glimpses at his own spiritual world and the centrality of his marriage in his life and how relationships inform his thinking about what things are of most worth.
We know you'll enjoy this conversation! You'll be laughing one moment and your soul touched the next. Just like what should happen in our lives every day.
Richard C. Edgley, "Enduring Together," (October 2007 General Conference address that leads off with an extended quotation from a Kirby column).
"May Flowers for Mormon Matters" Spring Fundraiser. Donate here! Thanks, so much!


Vehicle clocking is a widespread problem that has a range of financial and safety implications, the BBC's One Show and HPI has emphasised. Clocking is the process of reducing an odometer reading (mileage). This is typically performed by a "mileage correction firm" of which there are countless throughout the UK. Whereas there are legitimate reasons to change a vehicle's mileage – such as to correct a fault with its odometer – the purpose is often to increase its value prior to sale. That, of course, is frowned upon by authorities. More seriously, clocking can cause conflicts within the electronic control unit as modules within the vehicle – such as those relating to the airbag and anti-lock brakes – might not be changed in line with the odometer. This can impede the performance of warning lights and service reminders. Such interference can also invalidate the manufacturer warranty (and fair enough). Clocking can also cause legal issues following a collision. Why? Because a car might record performance/speed data via its engine control unit. Such facts could play an important role in clearing a motorist of blame. However, data of this nature could be disregarded if the vehicle has been tampered with. It might, after all, have been corrupted during the clocking process.
There are simple steps a motorist can take to minimise the risk of buying a clocked vehicle – although it is difficult to be absolutely safe. Start by cross referencing MOT mileages with the service history/invoices. If the paper certificates are missing alternatives can be viewed via a government website (Google "check MOT history"). The key is to look for consistency and logical progression. If, for example, the MOT mileage on May 1st 2014 is eighty thousand then a service stamp two days earlier at eighty-five thousand is suspicious. The documents should also be free of corrections and significant time gaps Why, after all, would a vehicle – that has paperwork confirming it travelled extensively in the first three years but now has a low mileage reading for its age - have no documents for more recent times? The reason might be honest, but the paperwork might have been binned to hide revealing facts. Furthermore, service history can be faked so contact the garage that has (apparently) maintained the vehicle. Confirm its records match the paperwork. Contacting the previous owner can be beneficial too. It is also wise to find comparisons. Why? Because a Ford Mondeo that has covered ten-thousand miles should feel superior to a high mileage example. Plus, of course, purchase from a reputable source and order a history check from a company such as HPI.


Bahrain's public debt rose by an annual rate of 11.7 per cent in September, the Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) announced yesterday.
According to the CBB's official data, the country's public debt reached 11.74 billion Bahraini dinars ($31.34 billion) last month, compared to 10.51 billion Bahraini dinars ($28 billion) during the same month in 2017.
The country's debt, CBB pointed out, rose by 1.6 per cent on a monthly basis last month, adding that it reached 11.551 billion Bahraini dinars ($30.8 billion) in August.
The bank explained that total amount of the public debt had stemmed from a 9.07 billion dinars ($24.2 billion) worth of government bonds and treasury bills and 2.66 billion dinars ($ 7.1 billion) of Islamic Sukuk certificates.
The kingdom's economy has been hit hard by a drop in oil prices in recent years, with its dinar sliding to its lowest in more than a decade. Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait have offered a $10 billion aid package to avoid Bahrain's risk of a debt crisis, which was also tied to fiscal reforms.
On 5 October, the government released a fiscal plan to fix its debt-burdened finances and essentially abolish its budget deficit by 2022. The plan, which promises further cuts in public spending, comes at a sensitive time as the kingdom prepares to hold an election next month, the second ballot since 2011 when protesters took to the streets demanding democratic change.


Metam sodium (compounds, weed, killing, liquid) is a yellow to light yellow-green solution with an odor of amine and sulfur that varies in intensity. Metam sodium is an organosulfur compound (formally a dithiocarbamate), which is used as a soil fumigant, pesticide, herbicide, and fungicide. The data in the report bases on metam sodium aqueous solution.
Increasing demand for herbicide and soil fumigant is expected to drive the demand for metam sodium. Moreover, increasing demand for pesticide and fungicide has led to increased consumption of metam sodium. For instance, metam sodium is now widely used as soil fumigant across the globe. Thus, it is anticipated that any increase in the usage of pesticide and fungicide containing metam sodium will drive the market. In terms of volume, global metam sodium market in 2017 stood at 57.19 kilo tons and is expected to reach 66.84 kilo tons by 2025 growing at a CAGR of 3.4% from 2018 to 2025. In terms of revenue, global Metam Sodium market in 2017 stood at USD 74.50 Mn and is expected to reach USD 94.84 Mn by 2025 growing at a CAGR of 4.2% from 2018 to 2025.
On the basis of type metam sodium can be classified as Metam Sodium 35% and Metam Sodium 42%. Metam Sodium 35% occupied larger market share as compared to Metam Sodium 42%. Metam Sodium 35% is expected to grow at a faster growth rate during the forecast period. Major applications of Metam Sodium can be classified as soil fumigant, pesticide, herbicide, fungicide and others. Soil fumigant application held the major market share and herbicide application is expected to grow at a fastest growth rate during the forecast period.
Region wise global Metam Sodium market is segmented into North America, South America, Europe, Japan, China, India, SouthEast Asia, Middle East and Africa and RoW.. North America held the largest market share followed by China and Europe respectively. India is expected to grow at a fastest growth rate followed by China during the forecast period. North America held more than 25% share in 2017, while China held more than 20% in 2017.
Some of the global major players operating in the Metam Sodium market include Limin Chemical, AMVAC, Tessenderlo Kerley, Eastman Chemical, Shenyang Harvest Agrochemical, among others.


text:
The Centex gas station in Calgary where the owner was killed in the car wash on July 3, 2019. (Google Street View)
Alberta gas station owner killed in car wash
Official says it looks like the Calgary man was accidentally run over by a vehicle in the car wash
The owner of a Calgary gas station is dead after emergency authorities say it appears he was accidentally run over by a vehicle in the station's car wash.
The 64-year-old man was pronounced dead at a Centex outlet in the city's southwest around 1 p.m. Wednesday.
Police believe a driver intended to pull forward inside the car wash, but instead reversed and struck the owner.
The station remains closed while Occupational Health and Safety investigates.
The victim has not been identified and Centex Petroleum says in a statement that his family has requested privacy.
Company spokesman Shafiq Bhura says in an emailed statement to CTV News that the owner was a kind gentlemen whom he had known for a number of years.
"We are deeply saddened and heartbroken and are doing our best to support his family through this difficult time," said Bhura.
(CTV Calgary)
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Alberni Valley Community Foundation opens grant application process for 2020
Nearly $30K available for Port Alberni-based charities
Alberni CAT connects Families Helping Families
Initiative supports families of those living with substance use disorder
From individual pieces comes the big picture of a financial plan
3 steps key to keeping your financial plan on track


The Young Philosophers, my new project, a set of dialogues, inspired by Plato's bright example, dedicated to the critical observation of some pivotal concepts of the modern era. The first dialogue bears the insightful title "On Media", followed by "On Education", "On Immigration", "On Government" and, finally, "On Love".
The full series is published on Smashwords and the latest title is always free!


stability.Thanks for the great load-bearing ability,you do not have to worry about the quality.
a head with flat base after remove ball head and then be installed on mono pod and the like.
proof and antifreezing , and can be operated when the temperature is 20 Degrees Celsius below zero.
height is 190cm and below.