A schematic diagram of the ultrastructure of an Artemia cyst is given in Fig. 4.2.1.
· alveolar layer: a hard layer consisting of lipoproteins impregnated with chitin and haematin; the haematin concentration determines the color of the shell, i.e. from pale to dark brown. Its main function is to provide protection for the embryo against mechanical disruption and UV radiation. This layer can be completely removed (dissolved) by oxidation treatment with hypochlorite (= cyst decapsulation, see 4.2.3.).
· outer cuticular membrane: protects the embryo from penetration by molecules larger than the CO2 molecule (= multilayer membrane with very special filter function; acts as a permeability barrier).
· embryonic cuticle: a transparent and highly elastic layer separated from the embryo by the inner cuticular membrane (develops into the hatching membrane during hatching incubation).
The embryo is an undifferentiated gastrula which is ametabolic at water levels below 10%; it can be stored for long periods without losing its viability. The viability is affected when water levels are higher than 10% (start of metabolic activity) and when cysts are exposed to oxygen; i.e. in the presence of oxygen cosmic radiation results in the formation of free radicals which destroy specific enzymatic systems in the ametabolic Artemia cysts.
The development of an Artemia cyst from incubation in the hatching medium till nauplius release is shown in Fig. 4.2.2.
Figure 4.2.2. Development of an Artemia cyst from incubation in seawater until nauplius release.
When incubated in seawater the biconcave cyst swells up and becomes spherical within 1 to 2 h. After 12 to 20 h hydration, the cyst shell (including the outer cuticular membrane) bursts (= breaking stage) and the embryo surrounded by the hatching membrane becomes visible. The embryo then leaves the shell completely and hangs underneath the empty shell (the hatching membrane may still be attached to the shell). Through the transparent hatching membrane one can follow the differentiation of the pre-nauplius into the instar I nauplius which starts to move its appendages. Shortly thereafter the hatching membrane breaks open (= hatching) and the free-swimming larva (head first) is born.
Dry cysts are very hygroscopic and take up water at a fast rate i.e. within the first hours the volume of the hydrated embryo increases to a maximum of 140% water content; Fig. 4.2.3. However, the active metabolism starts from a 60% water content onwards, provided environmental conditions are favourable (see further).
The aerobic metabolism in the cyst embryo assures the conversion of the carbohydrate reserve trehalose into glycogen (as an energy source) and glycerol.
Figure 4.2.3. Cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts in function of hydration level.
Increased levels of the latter hygroscopic compound result in further water uptake by the embryo. Consequently, the osmotic pressure inside the outer cuticular membrane builds up continuously until a critical level is reached, which results in the breaking of the cyst envelope, at which moment all the glycerol produced is released in the hatching medium. In other words the metabolism in Artemia cysts prior to the breaking is a trehalose-glycerol hyperosmotic regulatory system. This means that as salinity levels in the incubation medium increase, higher concentrations of glycerol need to be built up in order to reach the critical difference in osmotic pressure which will result in the shell bursting, and less energy reserves will thus be left in the nauplius.
After breaking the embryo is in direct contact with the external medium through the hatching membrane. An efficient ionic osmoregulatory system is now in effect, which can cope with a big range of salinities, and the embryo differentiates into a moving nauplius larva. A hatching enzyme, secreted in the head region of the nauplius, weakens the hatching membrane and enables the nauplius to liberate itself into the hatching medium.
Dry cysts (water content from 2 to 5%; see worksheet 4.2.1. for determination of water content and Table 4.2.6. for practical example) are very resistent to extreme temperatures; hatching viability not being affected in the temperature range -273°C to +60°C and above 60°C and up to 90°C only short exposures being tolerated.
Hydrated cysts have far more specific tolerances with mortalities occurring below -18°C and above +40°C; a reversible interruption of the metabolism (= viability not affected) occurring between -18°C and +4°C and between ± 33°C and ± 40°C, with the upper and lower temperature limits vary slightly from strain to strain. The active cyst metabolism is situated between +4°C and ±33°C; the hatching percentage remains constant but the nauplii hatch earlier as the temperature is higher.
As for other environmental conditions, optimal hatching outputs are reached in the pH range 8-8.5. As a consequence, the addition of NaHCO3, up to 2 g.l-1, to artificial or diluted seawater or to dense suspensions of cysts results in improved hatching. This might be related to the optimal pH activity range for the hatching enzyme.
An increased hatching has been reported with increasing oxygen level in the range 0.6 and 2 ppm, and maximal hatching obtained above this concentration. To avoid oxygen gradients during hatching it is obvious that a good homogeneous mixing of the cysts in the incubation medium is required.
As stated above, hatching in a higher salinity medium will consume more of the energy reserves of the embryo. Above a threshold salinity (varying from strain to strain, ±90 g.l-1 for most strains) insufficient quantities of water can be taken up to support the embryo's metabolism. Optimal salinity for hatching is equally strain-specific, but generally situated in the range 15-70 g.l-1.
Although the physiological role of light during the hatching process is poorly understood, brine shrimp cysts, when hydrated and in aerobic conditions, need a minimal light triggering for the onset of the hatching process, related to light intensity and/or exposure time.
As a result of the metabolic characteristics of hydrated cysts, a number of recommendations can be formulated with regard to their use. When cysts (both decapsulated and non-decapsulated) are stored for a long time, some precautions have to be taken in order to maintain maximal energy content and hatchability. Hatchability of cysts is largely determined by the conditions and techniques applied for harvesting, cleaning, drying and storing of the cyst material. The impact of most of these processes can be related to effects of dehydration or combined dehydration/hydration. For diapausing cysts, these factors may also interfere with the diapause induction/termination process, but for quiescent cysts, uncontrolled dehydration and hydration result in a significant drop of the viability of the embryos.
Hatching quality in stored cysts is slowly decreasing when cysts contain water levels from 10 to 35% H2O. This process may however be retarded when the cysts are stored at freezing temperatures. The exact optimal water level within the cyst (around 5%) is not known, although there are indications that a too severe dehydration (down to 1-2%) results in a drop in viability.
Water levels in the range 30-65% initiate metabolic activities, eventually reducing the energy contents down to levels insufficient to reach the state of emergence under optimal hatching conditions. A depletion of the energy reserves is furthermore attained when the cysts undergo subsequent dehydration/hydration cycles. Long-term storage of such material may result in a substantial decrease of the hatching outcome. Cysts exposed for too long a period to water levels exceeding 65% will have completed their pre-emergence embryonic development; subsequent dehydration of these cysts will in the worst case result in the killing of the differentiated embryos.
Sufficiently dehydrated cysts only keep their viability when stored under vacuum or in nitrogen; the presence of oxygen results in a substantial depletion of the hatching output through the formation of highly detrimental free radicals. Even properly packed cysts should be preferentially kept at low temperatures. However, when frozen, the cysts should be acclimated for one week at room temperature before hatching.
As Artemia is an inhabitant of biotopes characterized by unstable environmental conditions, its survival during periods of extreme conditions (i.e. desiccation, extreme temperatures, high salinities) is ensured by the production of dormant embryos. Artemia females can indeed easily switch from live nauplii production (ovoviviparity) to cyst formation (oviparity) as a fast response to fluctuating circumstances. Although the basic mechanisms involved in this switch are not yet fully understood, but sudden fluctuations seem to trigger oviparity (oxygen stress, salinity changes...). The triggering mechanism for the induction of the state of diapause is however not yet known. In principle, Artemia embryos released as cysts in the medium are in diapause and will not resume their development, even under favourable conditions, until they undergo some diapause deactivating environmental process; at this stage, the metabolic standstill is regulated by internal mechanisms and it can not be distinguished from a non-living embryo. Upon the interruption of diapause, cysts enter the stage of quiescence, meaning that metabolic activity can be resumed at the moment they are brought in favorable hatching conditions, eventually resulting in hatching: in this phase the metabolic arrest is uniquely dependent of external factors (Fig. 4.2.4.). As a result, synchronous hatching occurs, resulting in a fast start and consequent development of the population shortly after the re-establishment of favorable environmental conditions. This allows effective colonization in temporal biotopes.
For the user of Artemia cysts several techniques have proven successful in terminating diapause. It is important to note here that the sensitivity of Artemia cysts to these techniques shows strain- or even batch-specificity, hence the difficulty to predict the effect on hatching outcome. When working with new or relatively unknown strains, the relative success or failure of certain methods has to be found out empirically.
In many cases the removal of cyst water is an efficient way to terminate the state of diapause. This can be achieved by drying the cysts at temperatures not exceeding 35-40°C or by suspending the cysts in a saturated NaCl brine solution (300 g.l-1). As some form of dehydration is part of most processing and/or storage procedures, diapause termination does not require any particular extra manipulation. Nevertheless, with some strains of Artemia cysts the usual cyst processing techniques does not yield a sufficiently high hatching quality, indicating that a more specific diapause deactivation method is necessary.
Figure 4.2.4. Schematic diagram explaining the specific terminology used in relation with dormancy of Artemia embryos.
· incubation in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. In most cases, the sensitivity of the strain (or batch) to this product is difficult to predict, and preliminary tests are needed to provide information about the optimal dose/period to be applied, and about the maximal effect that can be obtained (Table 4.2.2.). Overdosing results in reduced hatching or even complete mortality as a result of the toxicity of the chemical. However, in some cases no effect at all is observed.
In general other diapause termination techniques (cyclic dehydration/hydration, decapsulation, other chemicals...) give rather erratic results and/or are not user-friendly. One should, however, keep in mind that the increase in hatching percentage after any procedure might (even partially) be the result of a shift in hatching rate (earlier hatching).
A major problem in the early rearing of marine fish and shrimp is the susceptibility of the larvae to microbial infections. It is believed that the live food can be an important source of potentially pathogenic bacteria, which are easily transferred through the food chain to the predator larvae. Vibrio sp. constitute the main bacterial flora in Artemia cyst hatching solutions. Most Vibrio are opportunistic bacteria which can cause disease/mortality outbreaks in larval rearing, especially when fish are stressed or not reared under optimal conditions. As shown on Fig. 4.2.5., Artemia cyst shells may be loaded with bacteria, fungi, and even contaminated with organic impurities; bacterial contamination in the hatching medium can reach numbers of more than 107 CFU.ml-1 (= colony forming units). At high cyst densities and high incubation temperatures during hatching, bacterial development (e.g. on the released glycerol) can be considerable and hatching solutions may become turbid, which may also result in reduced hatching yields. Therefore, if no commercially disinfected cysts are used, it is recommended to apply routinely a disinfection procedure by using hypochlorite (see worksheet 4.2.3.). This treatment, however, may not kill all germs present in the alveolar and cortical layer of the outer shell. Complete sterilization can be achieved through cyst decapsulation, described in the following chapter.
Figure 4.2.5. Scanning electron microphotograph of dehydrated Artemia cyst.
· Cyst shells are not introduced into the culture tanks. When hatching normal cysts, the complete separation of Artemia nauplii from their shells is not always possible. Unhatched cysts and empty shells can cause deleterious effects in the larval tanks when they are ingested by the predator: they can not be digested and may obstruct the gut.
· Nauplii that are hatched out of decapsulated cysts have a higher energy content and individual weight (30-55% depending on strain) than regular instar I nauplii, because they do not spend energy necessary to break out of the shell (Fig. 4.3.4.). In some cases where cysts have a relatively low energy content, the hatchability might be improved by decapsulation, because of the lower energy requirement to break out of a decapsulated cyst (Table 4.2.3.).
· Decapsulation results in a disinfection of the cyst material (see 4.2.2.).
· Decapsulated cysts can be used as a direct energy-rich food source for fish and shrimp (see 4.2.4.).
· For decapsulated cysts, illumination requirements for hatching would be lower.
The decapsulation procedure involves the hydration of the cysts (as complete removal of the envelope can only be performed when the cysts are spherical), removal of the brown shell in a hypochlorite solution, and washing and deactivation of the remaining hypochlorite (see worksheets 4.2.4. and 4.2.5.). These decapsulated cysts can be directly hatched into nauplii, or dehydrated in saturated brine and stored for later hatching or for direct feeding. They can be stored for a few days in the refrigerator at 0-4°C without a decrease in hatching. If storage for prolonged periods is needed (weeks or few months), the decapsulated cysts can be transferred into a saturated brine solution. During overnight dehydration (with aeration to maintain a homogeneous suspension) cysts usually release over 80% of their cellular water, and upon interruption of the aeration, the now coffee-bean shaped decapsulated cysts settle out. After harvesting of these cysts on a mesh screen they should be stored cooled in fresh brine. Moreover, since they lose their hatchability when exposed to UV light it is advised to store them protected from direct sunlight.
The direct use of Artemia cysts, in its decapsulated form, is much more limited in larviculture of fish and shrimp, compared to the use of Artemia nauplii. Nevertheless, dried decapsulated Artemia cysts have proven to be an appropriate feed for larval rearing of various species like the freshwater catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and carp (Cyprinus carpio), marine shrimp and milkfish larvae. Currently, commercially produced decapsulated cysts are frequently used in Thai shrimp hatcheries from the PL4 stage onwards. The use of decapsulated cysts in larval rearing presents some distinct advantages, both from a practical and nutritional point of view.
The daily production of nauplii is labour intensive and requires additional facilities. Furthermore, Artemia cysts of a high hatching quality are often expensive, and decapsulation of non-hatching cysts means valorization of an otherwise inferior product. The cysts have the appearance and the practical advantages of a dry feed and, in contrast to Artemia nauplii (470-550 µm), their small particle size (200-250 µm) is more suitable for small predator stages. If they have been dried before application, they have a high floating capacity, and sink only slowly to the bottom of the culture tank. Leaching of nutritional components (for example, with artificial diets does not occur, since the outer cuticular membrane acts as a barrier for larger molecules).
On the other hand, a possible major drawback of decapsulated cysts is their immobility, and thus low visual attractivity for the predator. Moreover, decapsulated cysts dehydrated in brine sink rapidly to the bottom, thus reducing their availability for fish larvae feeding in the water column. Extra aeration or drying is therefore needed to keep these particles better in suspension. However, on the contrary, older penaeid larvae are mainly bottom feeders and so do not encounter this problem.
From the nutritional point of view, the gross chemical composition of decapsulated cysts is comparable to freshly-hatched nauplii (Table 4.2.4.). In addition, their individual dry weight and energy content is on the average 30 to 40% higher than for instar I nauplii (see 4.2.3.; Fig. 4.3.4.). For example, for the culture of carp larvae during the first two weeks, the use of decapsulated cysts constitutes a saving of over one third in the amount of Artemia cysts used, compared to the use of live nauplii.
Furthermore, some differences are found for specific nutrients/components which may have an effect on their nutritional quality.
· Fatty acids: the fatty acid spectrum of cysts and nauplii is nearly identical, although differences can be found in lipid levels, FAME levels, fatty acid composition and energy content of different strains.
· Free amino acids: the ratio of free amino acids (FAA) to protein content is generally higher for instar I nauplii, compared to cysts, although large variations may exist from strain to strain. This may have dietary consequences when decapsulated cysts are used, since marine fish larvae use their large pool of free amino acids as an energy substrate during the first days after hatching.
· Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is considered as an essential nutrient during larviculture. It is found as ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (AAS) in cysts of brine shrimp, a very stable form but with low bio-availability. During the hatching process the AAS is hydrolyzed into free ascorbic acid, a more unstable form, but directly available in the nauplii for the predator. Decapsulation of cysts does not lead to ascorbic sulfate hydrolysis. Resorption and biological activity of AAS in the predator's tissue is still subject of research, and although several freshwater fish have been grown successfully with decapsulated cysts in the larval phase (see above), one can state that feeding decapsulated cysts to larval fish for a prolonged time might lead to vitamin C deficiency in the case that the predator is lacking the sulfatase enzyme needed to break down AAS.
· Carotenoids: the carotenoid pattern, and more specifically the canthaxanthin contents, show qualitative differences between cysts and nauplii. In Artemia cysts the unusual cis-configuration is found, whereas in developing nauplii it is converted into the more stable trans-canthaxanthin.
For routine operation, it is most efficient to work in standardized conditions (i.e. heaters with thermostat or climatized room to ensure constant temperature, fixed cyst density) to allow maximal production of a homogeneous instar I population after a fixed incubation time (see worksheet 4.2.6.).
Best hatching results are achieved in containers with a conical bottom, aerated from the bottom with air-lines (Fig. 4.3.1.). Cylindrical or square-bottomed tanks will have dead spots in which Artemia cysts and nauplii accumulate and suffer from oxygen depletion. Transparent or translucent containers will facilitate inspection of the hatching suspension, especially when harvesting.
As a consequence of specific characteristics, the interactions of the hatching parameters might be slightly different from strain to strain, resulting in variable hatching results. The aeration intensity must be sufficient to maintain oxygen levels above 2 mg.l-1, preferentially 5 mg.l-1. The optimal aeration rate is a function of the tank size and the density of cysts incubated. Excessive foaming can be reduced by disinfection of the cysts prior to hatching incubation and/or by the addition of a few drops of a non-toxic antifoaming agent (e.g. silicone antifoam).
The temperature of the seawater is preferentially kept in the range of 25-28°C; below 25°C cysts hatch more slowly and above 33°C the cyst metabolism is irreversibly stopped. However, the effect of more extreme temperatures on the hatching output is largely strain specific.
The quantitative effects of the incubation salinity on cyst hatching are in the first place related with the hydration level that can be reached in the cysts. Above a threshold salinity, insufficient quantities of water can be taken up by the cysts; this threshold value varies from strain to strain, but is approximately 85-90 g.l-1 for most Artemia strains. In the second place, the incubation salinity will interfere with the amount of glycerol that needs to be built up to reach the critical osmotic pressure within the outer cuticular membrane of the cysts. The fastest hatching rates will thus be noted at the lowest salinity levels since it will take less time to reach breaking point. Optimal hatching can be obtained in the range 5-35 g.l-1. For reasons of practical convenience natural seawater is mostly used to hatch cysts. However, at 5 g.l-1 salinity however, the nauplii hatch faster, as less glycerol has to be built up. For some sources of cysts hatching the cysts at low salinity results in higher hatching efficiencies, and the nauplii have a higher energy content (Table 4.2.5). The salinity can easily be measured by means of a refractometer or densitometer. Conversion tables for various units of measurement are given in Tables 4.2.9. and 4.2.10.
The pH must remain above 8 during the hatching process so as to ensure optimal functioning of the hatching enzyme. If needed, (i.e. when low salinity water is used), the buffer capacity of the water should be increased by adding up to 1 g NaHCO3.l-1. Increased buffer capacities can also become essential when high densities of cysts are hatched (= high CO2 production).
Cyst density may also interfere with the other abiotic factors that are essential for hatching, such as pH, oxygen, and illumination. The density may be as high as 5 g.l-1 for small volumes (<20 l) but should be decreased to maximum 2 g.l-1 for larger volumes, so as to minimize the mechanical injury of the nauplii and to avoid suboptimal water conditions.
Strong illumination (about 2000 lux at the water surface) is essential, at least during the first hours after complete hydration, in order to trigge/start embryonic development. Although this level of illumination is mostly attained during daytime in transparent tanks that are set up outdoors in the shade, it is advisory to keep the hatching tanks indoors and to provide artificial illumination so as to ensure good standardisation of the hatching process.
An acceptable cyst product should contain minimal quantities of impurities, such as sand, cracked shells, feathers, and salt crystals, etc. Hatching synchrony must be high; when incubated in 33 g.l-1 seawater at 25°C, the first nauplii should appear after 12 to 16 h incubation (T0; see further) and the last nauplii should have hatched within 8 h thereafter (T100). When hatching synchrony is low (T100-T0 > 10 h), first-hatched nauplii will have consumed much of their energy reserves by the time that the last nauplii will have hatched and harvesting is completed. Moreover, since the total incubation period exceeds 24 h the aquaculturist will not be able to restock the same hatching containers for the next day's harvest, which in turn implies higher infrastructural costs. The hatching efficiency (the number of nauplii hatched per gram of cysts) and hatching percentage (the total percentage of the cysts that actually hatch) often varies considerably between differente commercial batches and obviously account for much of the price differences. In this respect, hatching efficiency may be a better criterion than hatching percentage as it also takes into account the content of impurities (i.e.. empty cyst shells). Hatching values may be as low as 100,000 nauplii.g-1 of commercial cyst product, while premium quality cysts from Great Salt Lake yield 270,000 nauplii per gram of cysts (with an equivalent hatching percentage of >90%); batches of small (=lighter) cysts (e.g. SFB type) may yield even higher numbers of nauplii, (i.e. 320,000 nauplii/g cysts).
c) amount of dead/non-viable/abortic embryos, due to improper processing and/or storage.
As this criterion can refer to the ready-to-use commercial product, it has very practical implications, since the price of the product can be directly related to its output.
T10 = incubation time until appearance of 10% of total hatchable nauplii, etc. (Fig. 4.2.6.).
Figure 4.2.6. Hatching rate curves from different cyst batches. Curve A: T10= 17 h, T90 = 23.5 h, Ts = 6.5 h; Curve B: T10 = 28.5 h, T90 = 37.5 h, Ts = 9 h.
Data on the hatching rate allow the calculation of the optimal incubation period so as to harvest nauplii containing the highest energy content (Fig. 4.3.4.). It is important that the T90 is reached within 24 h; if not more hatching tanks will be needed so as to ensure a daily supply of a maximal number of instar I nauplii.
A high hatching synchrony ensures a maximal number of instar I nauplii available within a short time span; in case of poor synchrony the same hatching tank needs to be harvested several times in order to avoid a mixed instar I-II-III population when harvesting at T90.
= hatching efficiency × individual dry weight of instar I nauplius.
The hatching efficiency only accounts for the number of nauplii that are produced, and not for the size of these nauplii (strain dependent); by contrast the hatching output criterion is related to the total amount of food available for the predator per gram of cyst product (cf. calculation of food conversion).
Browne, R.A., Sorgeloos, P. and Trotman, C.N.A. (Eds). 1991. Artemia Biology. Boston, USA, CRC Press, 374 pp.
Bruggeman, E., Sorgeloos, P. and Vanhaecke, P. 1980. Improvements in the decapsulation technique of Artemia cysts. In: The brine shrimp Artemia. Vol. 3. Ecology, culturing and use in aquaculture. Persoone, G., P. Sorgeloos, O. Roels and E. Jaspers (Eds), Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp 261-269.
Clegg, J.S. and Conte, F.P. 1980. A review of the cellular and developmental biology of Artemia. In: The brine shrimp Artemia. Vol. 2. Physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology. Persoone, G., P. Sorgeloos, O. Roels and E. Jaspers (Eds), Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp 11-54.
Lavens, P. and Sorgeloos, P. 1987. The cryptobiotic state of Artemia cysts, its diapause deactivation and hatching, a review. In: Artemia Research and its Applications, Vol. 3. Sorgeloos, P., D.A. Bengtson, W. Decleir and E. Jaspers (Eds), Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium, pp 27-63.
MacRae, T.H., Bagshaw, J.C. and Warner, A.H. (Eds). 1989. Biochemistry and cell biology of Artemia. Boca Raton, Florida, USA, CRC press, 264 pp.
Morris, J.C. and Afzelius, B.A. 1967. The structure of the shell and outer membranes in encysted Artemia salina embryos during cryptobiosis and development. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 20: 244-259.
Verreth, J., Storch, V. and Segner, H. 1987. A comparative study on the nutritional quality of decapsulated Artemia cysts, micro-encapsulated egg diets and enriched dry feeds for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) larvae. Aquaculture, 63: 269-282.
Warner, A.H., MacRae, T.H. and Bagshaw J.C. (Eds). 1989. Cell and molecular biology of Artemia development. New York, USA, Plenum Press, 453 pp.
· Take three small aluminium foil-cups = T1, T2, T3.
· Fill each cup with a cyst sample of approximately 500 mg.
· Determine gross weight (at 0.1 mg accuracy) = G1, G2, G3.
· Determine gross waterfree weight (at 0.1 mg accuracy) = G1', G2', G3'.
· Calculate mean value for the three replicate samples.
Table 4.2.6. Practical example of the procedure for estmating the water content of Artemia cysts.
* after hibernation, cysts should be acclimated at room temperature for a minimum 1 week before drying or hatching.
* incubate cysts for hatching; in case the same container is used for this purpose, rinse very well.
· Cysts are ready for hatching incubation.
· Hydrate cysts by placing them for 1 h in water (< 100 g.l-1), with aeration, at 25°C.
· Collect cysts on a 125 µm mesh sieve, rinse, and transfer to the hypochlorite solution.
¨ seawater to make up the final solution to 14 ml per g of cysts.
· Cool the solution to 15-20°C (i.e. by placing the decapsulation container in a bath filled with ice water). Add the hydrated cysts and keep them in suspension (i.e. with an aeration tube) for 5-15 min. Check the temperature regularly, since the reaction is exothermic; never exceed 40°C (if needed add ice to decapsulation solution). Check evolution of decapsulation process regularly under binocular.
· When cysts turn grey (with powder bleach) or orange (with liquid bleach), or when microscopic examination shows almost complete dissolution of the cyst shell (= after 3-15 min.), cysts should be removed from the decapsulation suspension and rinsed with water on a 125 µm screen until no chlorine smell is detected anymore. It is crucial not to leave the embryos in the decapsulation solution longer than strictly necessary, since this will affect their viability.
· Deactivate all traces of hypochlorite by dipping the cysts (< 1 min.) either in 0.1 N HCl or in 0.1% Na2S2O3 solution, then rinse again with water. Hypochlorite residues can be detected by putting some decapsulated cysts in a small amount of starch-iodine indicator (= starch, KI, H2SO4 and water). When the reagent turns blue, washing and deactivation has to be continued.
· Incubate the cysts for hatching, or store in the refrigerator (0-4°C) for a few days before hatching incubation. For long term storage cysts need to be dehydrated in saturated brine solution (1 g of dry cysts per 10 ml of brine of 300 g NaCl.l-1). The brine has to be renewed after 24h.
· Principle: active chlorine will liberate free iodine from KI solution at pH 8 or less. The liberated iodine is titrated with a standard solution using Na2S2O3, with starch as the indicator.
* starch indicator solution: mix 5 g starch with a little cold water and grind in a mortar. Pour into 1 l of boiling distilled water, stir, and let settle overnight. Use the clear supernatans. Preserve with 1.25 g salicylic acid.
* titrate protected from direct sunlight. Add 0.1 N Na2S2O3 from a buret until the yellow colour of the liberated iodine is almost disappearing. Add 1 ml starch solution and titrate until the blue colour disappears.
* 1 ml 0.1 N Na2S2O3 equals 3.54 mg active chlorine.
· Incubate exactly 1.6 g of cysts in exactly 800 ml 33 g.l-1 seawater under continuous illumination (2000 lux) at 28°C in a cilindroconical tube (preferentially) or in a graduated cylinder; provide aeration from bottom as to keep all cysts in suspension (aeration not too strong as to prevent foaming); run test in triplicate.
· After 24 h incubation take 6 subsamples of 250 µl out of each cone.
· Pipet each subsample into a small vial and fixate nauplii by adding a few drops of lugol solution.
· Per cone (i = 6 subsamples), count nauplii (ni) under a dissection microscope and calculate the mean value (N), count umbrellas (ui) and calculate mean value (U).
· Decapsulate unhatched cysts and dissolve empty cyst shells by adding one drop of NaOH solution (40g.100 ml-1 distilled water) and 5 drops of domestic bleach solution (5.25% NaOCl) to each vial.
· Per cone (i = 6), count unhatched (orange colored) embryos (ei) and calculate mean value (E).
· Eventually leave hatching tubes for another 24 h, take subsamples again and calculate H% and HE for 48 h incubation.
· Hatching rate (HR): start taking subsamples and calculating HE from 12 h incubation in seawater onwards (follow procedure above). Continue sampling/counting procedures until mean value for HE remains constant for 3 consecutive hours. The mean values per hour are then expressed as percentage of this maximal HE. A hatching curve can be plotted and T10, T90 etc. Extrapolated from the graph. A simplified procedure consists in sampletaking e.g. every 3 or more hours.
Table 4.2.7. Practical example H% and HE.
Table 4.2.8. Practical example HR.


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Q: Downloading a large number of files with multithreading in Python, a few files are "lagging" I am downloading a large number of files from the same server in Python using Multithreading. As an example, to be more concrete, I tried downloading 12 files simultaneously using 12 threads. I noticed that 10 files download relatively quickly, while 2 lag behind. Even when the 10 files are done downloading, the speed at which the other 2 files download is very slow. If I then try downloading these 2 files again, the speed will be a lot better. So what exactly is happening and how can I fix this?
PS: I tried decreasing the thread count to 8, so 8 files were downloading simultaneously, and I had 1 file that was lagging the rest again.
PPS: I then tried decreasing to 6 threads, and again the same issue. One file will lag. I don't have this issue if I directly download from Firefox, and I get a significant speed up, but I'm trying to automate the process so downloading from Firefox isn't an option.
For reference, here's the code:
import queue
import threading
import time

start = time.perf_counter()

class MyThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, name):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.name = name
    def run(self):
        print('Starting thread %s.' % self.name)
        process_queue()
        print('Exiting thread %s.' % self.name)

def process_queue():
    while True:
        try:
            url = my_queue.get(block=False)
            filename = url.split('/')[-1]
            with closing(request.urlopen(url)) as r:
                with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
                    shutil.copyfileobj(r, f)
        except queue.Empty:
            return

# setting up variables
urls = [
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/000/SRR8240860/SRR8240860_1.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/000/SRR8240860/SRR8240860_2.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/001/SRR8240861/SRR8240861_1.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/001/SRR8240861/SRR8240861_2.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/002/SRR8240862/SRR8240862_1.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/002/SRR8240862/SRR8240862_2.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/003/SRR8240863/SRR8240863_1.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/003/SRR8240863/SRR8240863_2.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/004/SRR8240864/SRR8240864_1.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/004/SRR8240864/SRR8240864_2.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/005/SRR8240865/SRR8240865_1.fastq.gz',
        'ftp://ftp.sra.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/fastq/SRR824/005/SRR8240865/SRR8240865_2.fastq.gz',
        ]

# filling the queue
my_queue = queue.Queue()

for url in urls:
    my_queue.put(url)

# initializing and starting num_threads threads
num_threads = 8
threads = []

for i in range(num_threads):
    thread = MyThread(i)
    threads.append(thread)

for thread in threads:
    thread.start()

for thread in threads:
    thread.join()

finish = time.perf_counter()

print(f'Finished in {round(finish-start, 2)} second(s)')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Airtel logo at a retail store in Mumbai, India. (Photo: Dhiraj Singh/Bloomberg)
Airtel Shares Jump To 12-Year High On Prospect Of Telecom Duopoly In India
Tushar Deep Singh@tds19
Jan 17 2020, 1:47 PM Jan 17 2020, 5:14 PM January 17 2020, 1:47 PM January 17 2020, 5:14 PM
Shares of Bharti Airtel Ltd. rose to the highest in more than 12 years after a Supreme Court order raised the prospects of a telecom duopoly in India.On Friday, the company's shares gained 6.31 percent over previous close to Rs 503.80 apiece—the highest since Oct. 17, 2007. Peer Vodafone Idea Ltd.'s stock fell as much as 39.2 percent intraday but pared some of the losses on a likely telecom relief from the government.
Shares of Bharti Airtel Ltd. rose to the highest in more than 12 years after a Supreme Court order raised the prospects of a telecom duopoly in India.
On Friday, the company's shares gained 6.31 percent over previous close to Rs 503.80 apiece—the highest since Oct. 17, 2007. Peer Vodafone Idea Ltd.'s stock fell as much as 39.2 percent intraday but pared some of the losses on a likely telecom relief from the government.
On Thursday, the apex court dismissed petitions of telecom operators seeking a review of the definition of 'adjusted gross revenue' that makes them liable to pay thousands of crores in pending dues. Regulatory data released on the same day showed further erosion in the subscriber base of Vodafone Idea and Bharti Airtel.
These developments put at risk the existence of Vodafone Idea—something Aditya Birla Group Chairman Kumar Mangalam Birla warned about in December—and raises the prospects of a two-player telecom market, Rajiv Sharma, head of research at SBICAP Securities Ltd., said in an interview to BloombergQuint on Friday. "From a medium- to long-term view, you definitely see there is more upside to Bharti (Airtel) if this were to be a two-player market."
If the subscriber base of Vodafone Idea is split between Reliance Jio and Bharti Airtel in a ratio of 6:4, after factoring in any sharp corrections, Bharti Airtel's stock could still net gain up to Rs 80—nearly 17 percent over Thursday's close—if the operator maintains an average revenue per user of Rs 150-160 on the new base, Sharma said.
Also Read: For The First Time In Three Years, Reliance Jio Loses Customers
Moody's Investor Services too saw Vodafone Idea's rivals gaining due to Supreme Court's ruling on Thursday.
The operator's financial burden will weaken its ability to compete against Reliance Jio and Bharti Airtel, which will likely gain a higher local market share, Annalisa Di Chiara, analyst at the rating agency, said in a note. While a fresh blow, the judgment is no real surprise and Bharti Airtel had already made provisions to help offset the impact on its balance sheet, she said.
Still, according to Chiara, the wireless carriers's debt and leverage are set to rise as the impact of the ruling "on its credit profile will likely be significant".
Also Read: India Open to Telecos' Plea for Relief on $13 Billion Dues
Bharti Airtel has a total debt of Rs 1,06,598 crore, with AGR dues contributing Rs 34,260 crore. Vodafone Idea lugs Rs 1,17,300 crore on its books, of which it owes the government Rs 44,150 crore in telecom dues.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Thrifty and Frugal Living: $150 Amazon Gift Card Giveaway!
Welcome to the Amazon Giveaway! One lucky reader will win a $150 Amazon Gift Card which you can use to purchase whatever your heart desires. Almost anything can be found on Amazon.
Rules: Use the Rafflecopter form to enter daily. Besides the mandatory blog comment entry, all other entries are optional. Oh My Gosh Beck! is responsible for prize fulfillment. Giveaway ends 9/10 and is open worldwide.
I'd use it to buy running shoes.
A pair of sunglasses !
I would buy some new running shoes.
I'd use it towards a new pair of boots.
I think I would get a Kindle.
My 3 year-old's bday is coming up so I would buy her gifts!
I would save it for holiday gifts.
I would use this towards Christmas shopping for my kids and family. Thanks so much.
Really good olive oil and clothes for my 4 year old!
Great idea for a giveaway especially at Back to School time! Textbooks are outrageously expensive and Amazon has alot of them much cheaper than the campus bookstore. Thanks!
I would replace my crock pot with a crazy fancy one and fill my freezer with yummy food!
If I won I would use the GC to buy a Kindle Fire HD.
I would buy christmas gifts for my daughter.
I'd buy vitamins, dishwasher detergent, and save the rest for Christmas gifts.
Books! Or a new blender or microwave. The possibilities would be endless!
I would buy back to school clothes!
I haven't quite decided: either a Kindle or Christmas... Or maybe a Kindle for Christmas.
I buy my daughter a kindle fire she has been wanting one.
I've been wanting a Fit Desk - this would just about do it!
I would put it towards new patio furniture.
Nice giveaway. I'd buy some new boots!
I'd use it toward a new vacuum.
I would buy a cheap tablet and some ebooks!
I'd get some new clothes for my daughter.
I'd get a new pair of boots!
I'd probably buy a pair of shoes or two for my wide feet.
I would buy my husband a season or two of Star Trek The Next Generation on Blu Ray!
I have a lot of stuff on my wishlist at Amazon, but I would most like to get the huge aromatherapy set I have wanted for a long time.
I'll buy something for the family for xmas.. time to start shopping soon.. great giveaway thanks!
I would want to spend it on me, but would probably use it for gifts for others.
I would buy college books for my daughter.
I'd use half toward my school books and the other half for my son who will be 5 next month. Thanks for the chance.
I would put it towards a new metal detector.
I would use it toward a new TV.
I would use it for christmas..
Shoes - I can never have enough.
I would put it toward a Wii U!
I'd buy some of Amazon's great grocery deals like Post Raisin Bran, Puffs Tissues, Planters Nuts and Sesame Sticks.
I would buys winter boots for my sons.
I'd buy Christmas gifts and Kindle books!
I think I would buy a new cell phone.
I would buy new fall clothes.
I would buy some new jeans and a Sweater for winter.
I would save it for Christmas presents for my husband and kids.
I would buy tennis shoes.
I would buy Christmas gifts with it. Thanks for having this great giveaway!
Thanks for the giveaway…a laser printer for my kids.
I will buy Christmas gifts!
I'd buy ink for the printers.
I would buy an e-reader.


text:
Herald-Tribune
Short-lived predecessors to the Yacht Club of today | Sarasota History with Jeff LaHurd
Jeff LaHurd
Members of the Sarasota Woman's Club dressed in colonial fashion for tea at the Yacht and Automobile Club, circa 1914.
Today's Sarasota Yacht Club is one of the bright spots on Florida's Gulf Coast, an iconic symbol of modern Sarasota. Uniquely designed and richly appointed, the clubhouse offers everything a yacht owner and family could wish for. The adjoining marina accommodates and services vessels of all size.
The current club extends back to 1926, and two yacht clubs preceded it. One was on Siesta Key, with Harry Higel as the Commodore.
Murder on Siesta Key: Harry Higel's brutal killing remains unsolved to this day
The other, on Gulf Stream Avenue, was known as the Sarasota Yacht and Automobile Club. Founded in 1912, it became the social hub of the small town, noted as a sign certain of Sarasota's growth potential. Both clubs were short-lived.
As the paper described the setting for the Yacht and Automobile Club, "Its location on Cedar Point ... in a spot made charming by nature, with its evergreen growth of trees and shrubs, the surrounding bay and cool Gulf breezes, with a view for miles that is unsurpassed."
Owen Burns, first Commodore of the Sarasota Yacht and Automobile Club.
More Sarasota History
Sarasota's first major developer, Owen Burns, who was also Chairman of the Board of Trade, was chosen Commodore. Popular physician and civic leader Dr. Joe Halton served as Vice Commodore.
On Nov. 7, 1912, The Sarasota Times announced that the clubhouse was finished. It was constructed by H.B. Westbrook for a reported $4,000. Designed by Alex Browning, who had arrived as a youngster with the Scot Colony in 1885, the club was "modern in design and equipment and would be opened in December."
Progress on the construction of the clubhouse was closely followed in The Sarasota Times, which noted that it was another step in the small town's onward progress "... and not only meets the needs of the members but presents an attractive advertisement for the scores of visitors who will be here this winter."
Newly completed clubhouse for the Sarasota Yacht and Automobile Club, 1913.
The Sarasota Times noted the social club was formed "for the purpose of yachting and autoing," and would be always open for members. Initiation fees were set at $50 with annual dues at $25.
Painted white and green the interior woodwork was stained dark green. The club's features included a gymnasium, twenty-foot square cupola to survey the view, furnished with chairs and hammocks, smoking, and reading rooms, which "... cannot but commend itself to the tourist from larger cities."
The stairway from the basement to the first floor led to billiard tables, and card rooms all brightly lit through the numerous windows. At each end of the room, a fireplace provided warmth along with a soft glow. The auditorium there could seat up to 400 guests.
The cavernous dining room was on the second floor, serviced by a dumbwaiter located in the basement kitchen.
In July of 1913, Benjamin Franklin Myer, one of many who came to Sarasota for health reasons, was chosen to be the club's manager.
The paper reported the "veteran steward and chef" came with "large experience" in similar positions in northern states, and served as a caterer for over 50 years, "among people of the most exacting tastes, and in the establishment of restaurant service for club members." He worked with famous hoteliers throughout the country.
Myer vowed to make Sarasota his new hometown. He was given a private house on the grounds to live in with his family.
Through its short-lived existence, the Sarasota Yacht and Automobile Club was, indeed, the social hub of the town.
For New Year's Eve 1913-14, the goings-on were described as "brilliant in the highest with a hearty informal spirit ... more like a family or neighbor than might have been expected where guests hailed from half the states in the Union."
A Colonial Tea hosted there by the Sarasota Woman's Club with the ladies in period costume to raise funds for their own clubhouse building fund was a great success.
When a throng of national realty dealers were in town to scout out the area, they were taken to the club for an inspection and a climb to the cupola to take in the unique view.
But notwithstanding teas, and balls, card and billiard games, dances, celebrations and performances, and unparalleled view, by August of 1916, The Times reported the Sarasota Yacht and Automobile Club "is now a closed chapter."
Of course, Sarasota was a yachtsman's paradise. As the Sarasota Herald put it, "... no other place in the United States can be found so specially designed and obviously intended for the enjoyment of boating to the utmost as the Queen City of the Gulf Coast."
The Sarasota Naval Militia poses in front of the Sarasota Yacht and Automobile Club in 1917, after it became an armory.
The shuttered clubhouse was taken over by "Sarasota's Crack Naval Militia Company"; The Third Division, First Battalion, Florida Naval Militia.
The reason for the demise was simple: The club fell into arrears to the tune of $650. ($15,072 today) as the members failed to keep up with their dues. The First National Bank of Sarasota was granted a judgment, and the building was placed in the care of Manatee Sheriff Gates who was instructed to turn the keys over to Naval Lieutenant Purdy.
He and his men transformed the building into an armory, stocking it with "clothes, guns, tents, bedding, blankets, hammocks, etc., etc."
The paper reported that Purdy would maintain the beauty of the building and its lawn by adding "flowers and shrubs, such as can only be grown in the 'land of flowers.'"
Never missing a chance to make lemonade, The Sarasota Times enthused, the armory would have "the distinction of having the best appointed, and handsomest armory in the state of Florida." Perhaps in the entire United States.
John Ringling's yacht, the 125-foot Zalophus (Sea Lion) docked in Sarasota Bay in front of the Sunset Apartments after it had been transformed from the old Sarasota Yacht and Automobile Club, circa 1926.
John Ringling acquired the property in 1917, and under the direction of Mable Ringling transformed the clubhouse into the Sunset Apartments in 1923. The apartments were demolished in 1964.
When a Mr. Brown, a structural engineer, came from New York to do some work on the apartments, he proclaimed prophetically, "You have a fine little city here. I think it is the most attractive spot in Florida and I can see that this place will grow very rapidly."
The Sarasota real estate boom struck that year.
Jeff LaHurd was raised in Sarasota and is an award-winning historian.
This article originally appeared on Sarasota Herald-Tribune: Sarasota history: Today's Yacht Club dates to 1926, wasn't the first
Jazz hold off late rally, beat Doncic-less Mavericks 108-100
North Texans stocking up on items ahead of winter weather in the forecast
KDFW


text:
Dune: Spice Wars, a real-time 4X strategy game published by Funcom and developed by Shiro Games, was revealed during The Game Awards on December 9, 2021. This brand-new property is coming to PC, via Steam Early Access, in 2022.
Here's the announcement trailer (1 minute):
Real-time Strategy, Set on Arrakis
For those unfamiliar with the real-time strategy (RTS) and 4X genres, they are a category of video games that are tile-based, where players select a faction and apply strategy through either turn-based or—in this case—real-time actions. Generally there are multiple, different approaches for their selected faction to secure the win or take control. Northgard—another game developed by Shiro Games—is a RTS property in the same vein, with 4X elements. So, you might be able to get an idea of how Dune: Spice Wars will play, by trying that out.
It's extraordinary to think that this will be the first (officially licensed) Dune computer game to be published in over 20 years. The developing studio had the following statement regarding their upcoming release:
I think I speak for every single person at Shiro Games, when I say that we are all massive fans of Dune—both of the original novel and the new and spectacular Denis Villeneuve film. To be able to bring this universe to life as a strategy game again is incredible.
Sebastien Vidal, Shiro Games CEO
Funcom has also unveiled a number of screenshots, that show off the in-game visuals.
Fighting outside of Arrakeen, in Dune: Spice Wars. Funcom and Shiro Games
Here's the official description for Dune: Spice Wars:
A real-time strategy game with 4X elements, from the developers of the critically acclaimed Northgard. Set in Frank Herbert's groundbreaking Dune universe, you must lead your faction and battle for control and dominance over the harsh desert planet of Arrakis.
Spice is the most valuable resource in the universe. The spice extends life, it expands consciousness and makes interstellar travel possible. Create your own story and play as one of several factions, including House Atreides and House Harkonnen, and compete for power over Dune and the spice.
Exclusive: Dune Movie Board Game Visuals Revealed
June 20, 2021 4 min read
Scan the landscape for wormsign or risk losing your troops and spice harvesters to titanic sandworms who will burst through the sand dunes to swallow and devour them whole. Best your opponents through political intrigue, crush them in combat, and undermine them with your network of illusive spies.
Strategic map view.
Dune: Spice Wars to be Continually Updated During Early Access
At release, gamers will be able to choose from four factions—so far House Atreides and House Harkonnen have been shown—and play a single-player mode. Multiplayer, a full campaign, and further features will be added at later stages of Early Access. The developers say that they will actively expand on and improve the game throughout that period—estimated to last around one year—taking into account feedback from the community.
Trading interaction, featuring Baron Vladimir Harkonnen.
Multiple Dune Video Games in Development
Note that above project is completely separate from Funcom's other upcoming video game, that they're co-developing with Nukklear. We reported on the "unannounced Dune survival game" last week and its release date remains unknown. But, how exciting all this recent news has been for Dune and gaming fans—knowing, at least, two new experiences will be released in the coming years. Looking forward to playing both games!
Sources: Dune: Spice Wars Steam page (December 9, 2021), Funcom press release (December 9, 2021).
DuneDune: Spice WarsFuncomvideo games
Writer (Intern)
James is a creative writing major who hopes to someday become an author. He is new to the Dune series, but absolutely fascinated by the story, characters, and world of the novel, especially the Baron Harkonnen because, well, that suit.
First Look – CHOAM and Richese House Expansion for Classic 'Dune' Board Game
Previous Cover Revealed for 'Dune: The Graphic Novel, Book 2', Coming July 2022
Next DUNE TALK: News Roundup – Awards Nominations, Video Game Update, and Comics


COSTCO WHOLESALE CORPORATION, PETITIONER v. OMEGA, S. A.
That is it! The block quote is the whole thing we do not even know who voted how or why…. I do not know what else to say, the court passed on a really important case that affects copyright distribution, owner rights, and international imports.
a per curiam decision (or opinion) is a ruling issued by an appellate court of multiple judges in which the decision rendered is made by the court (or at least, a majority of the court) acting collectively and anonymously. In contrast to regular opinions, a per curiam does not list the individual judge responsible for authoring the decision, but minority dissenting and concurring decisions are signed.
Per curiams are not the only type of decision that can reflect the opinion of the court. Other types of decisions can also reflect the opinion of the entire court, such as unanimous decisions, in which the opinion of the court is expressed with an author listed. The Latin term per curiam literally means "through the court".
This means that the court is not making a ruling that clarifies or speaks to the issues brought up.
This brings up two big issues why such a short decision and what is the impact.
1) Why the court passed?
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. v. Kirtsaeng, argued on May 19, 2010.
Pearson Education, Inc. v. Liu, petition for leave to appeal deferred pending resolution of Kirtsaeng.
Pearson Education, Inc. v. Arora, briefed, oral argument on January 12, 2011.
It is possible that the SCOTUS wanted to look at other alternatives before fully addressing this issue. SCOTUS could have stepped in here with a logical ruling that impacts these cases when deciding Costco v. Omega.
2) What is the impact? This is a big setback for American retailers and consumers. Given that the ruling in the 9th circuit (the west coast) stands importing good could now make you liable for copyright infringement even if you legal own the goods. In areas of the country this is unsettled law and we will not know how it work till we have litigation.
More about costco v. omega w/ court filings and New in IP video explaining Costco v. Omega in plain English.


text:
WATCH: Hank, Pattie, & the Current, 'Losing My Mind'
Artist: Hank, Pattie, & the Current
Hometown: Raleigh, NC
Song: "Losing My Mind"
Album: Hank, Pattie, & the Current
Release Date: April 22
Label: Robust Records
In Their Words: "Directed by Gabriel Nelson, edited by Carter Reedy, and shot on an undisclosed location in Raleigh, North Carolina, the video for 'Losing My Mind' captures the slip we all feel sometimes that can lead to a downward spiral. While this song seems depressing — or may hint at negativity — it's actually a story of getting away from that mindset, or 'breaking the spell' and finding release, redemption, and rebirth. The location captures the essence of something once vibrant, but now in decay and the band leads the way back into the light." — Hank Smith
Photo credit: Gabriel Nelson


jewelerstoystore 544 days ago News abrasive emery sticks All http://www.jewelerstoystore.com Discuss Published New Discard Success!
To provide a solution for sanding and polishing all materials such as gold, silver, platinum, brass, plastics and etc., Jewelers use Flat emery sticks. These flat wood handles are glued with emery paper and are used just like files for excellent smooth finish.


text:
This is the weak link in global security
In October 2015, a cargo ship flying a Liberian flag left Rio de Janeiro. The ship was officially bound for Portugal, but along the way, it made two unscheduled and unreported stops along the coast of Western Sahara.
According to our research, the ship was equipped with cranes that enabled it to load and discharge cargo at sea. What it took on board remains a mystery.
But the area is a hub of international smuggling (weapons, drugs, undocumented passengers, etc.).
The high seas have traditionally been wild and ungoverned, and so they remain. No entity controls or regulates the oceans.
But the relaxed attitude that pervades maritime security is at variance with the crucial economic and security importance of the world's oceans.
Over 90 per cent of global trade is transported by sea, as are untold numbers of undocumented refugees and job seekers, and illegal fishing is a growing international phenomenon.
Perhaps most importantly in a climate of increased international terrorism, ship activity bears crucial security implications.
And yet, the opaqueness of maritime activity enables any vessel to easily transport not only arms and people, but also drugs, contraband, and even smuggled oil - all critical links in the terror-supply chain.
Historically, there has been no data on ship activity while at sea.
Today, maritime data sources have gone online thanks to satellites and the cloud, producing over 100 million data points a day.
However, nearly all maritime data is derived from human input, making it susceptible to both error and manipulation.
As a result, the opaqueness that has characterized the maritime domain for millennia remains, and the oceans, particularly the areas outside of a country's territorial waters, are a wild west.
Unsurprisingly, criminal elements are taking advantage of this lack of regulation.
Vessels can easily mask their activities by employing a broad range of tactics, from changing identities to making ship-to-ship transfers of goods mid-voyage.
And, because ports serve as critical economic links, it is nearly impossible for authorities to closely inspect each vessel for fear of massive backlogs and economic repercussions.
Authorities thus rely on dated methods of identifying suspicious activities at sea, such as tracking a limited number of "vessels of interest," known for past suspicious behaviour.
And so, the coastline is an open backdoor through which all forms of illegal and terrorist activity can easily enter, even well-secured ports.
So, how do we close the open door?
The International Maritime Organisation, a UN agency tasked with ensuring the safety and security of international shipping, mandates that all ocean-going vessels continuously transmit identifying information.
However, the data protocols are weak, with no vetting mechanisms in place, making the data extremely vulnerable to human error and manipulation.
By creating a global vetting mechanism, this important data source would become a far more effective tool for understanding vessel activity worldwide.
More effective maritime information-sharing programs, on a regional and international level, would help shed light on what's happening at sea.
Creating a centralized, online marketplace for ship broker information would bring much-needed transparency not only to shipping, but to the world's cargo and commodity flows.
Another weakness being exploited in the maritime domain is the widespread use of flags of convenience, a practice similar to registering companies offshore.
This has become an easy way for ships - and those who send them - to hide their origins and reduce regulation and scrutiny. Closely regulating the use of flags of convenience would minimise this weakness.
Data sciences allow us to transform today's massive, fragmented and unreliable data sources to create Paypal-like logs of every sea vessel's behaviours over time.
With this automated and constantly-updated mapping of ship activity worldwide, security forces can shift from focusing on a limited number of already-suspected vessels to knowing what all vessels everywhere are doing in real-time.
Non-maritime intelligence organisations have realised that they need Palantir's data platform to find elusive connections among huge data sets; taxi and transportation markets have been completely transformed by Uber.
If these traditional industries have changed, isn't it time for the maritime industry to evolve as well?


Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increase with age. However, diastolic blood pressure increases with age until the age of fifty or sixty and then tends to remain stable or even decrease slightly, whereas systolic blood pressure rises progressively until the age of seventy or eighty. This combination of changes probably reflects stiffening of the blood vessels and reduced arterial elasticity and leads to a large increase in pulse pressure (the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures) with aging (Burt et al.). In persons over eighty, a decrease in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure has been found in some studies, and may be due to poor health in this very frail population. The global prevalence of both diastolic and systolic hypertension in people over sixty-five is about 45 percent. Hypertension is more frequent in black than white persons, and in women than men. The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension is about 7, 11, 18, and 25 percent in people aged sixty to sixty-nine, seventy to seventy-nine, eighty to eighty-nine, and over ninety, respectively. Isolated systolic hypertension is more frequent in women than men.
The mechanisms of hypertension in elderly persons involve an increase in thickness of aortic and large artery walls and a decrease in vessel elasticity, which raises systolic blood pressure. Hypertension also increases peripheral vascular resistance, because of the reduced elasticity of these arteries. In addition, it reduces the sensitivity of nerve endings stimulated by pressure changes, resulting in the impairment of postural reflexes, which makes elderly persons with hypertension prone to hypotension when standing erect. The vasoconstriction due to changes in the balance between beta-adrenergic vasodilatation and alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction raises peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Increased sodium intake and decreased sodium excretion induce sodium retention. In contrast to hypertension in younger adults, the reninangiotensin system is not thought to play a major role in hypertension in older adults.


text:
Ipswich: Design agency Chalk and Cheese celebrates 30th anniversary
By David Vincent
David White of Chalk & Cheese - Credit: Archant
ON April 1, 1983, David "Chalky" White and Adam Randall registered Chalk and Cheese Designs with Companies' House – little expecting that the company would achieve 30 years of trading.
"It all started with a hand-painted sign for the Seckford Arms pub in Woodbridge", explains David. "This was followed by more sign writing for Notcutts and Letraset projection slides for BT."
Both David and Adam applied for a Government grant called the Enterprise Allowance Scheme.
This provided the pair with £40 funding per week each for the first year, which enabled them to invest in modest premises and the specialist equipment required to become a working design and artwork studio.
Five years later the pair amicably parted and David formed Chalk and Cheese Advertising.
The company grew and prospered as a full service agency specialising in the garden and motor trades, and employing a full compliment of creative and account management specialists, some of whom eventually went on to run their own marketing companies in the region.
In 1998 David acquired Ruth Lowe Graphic Design and Chalk and Cheese Limited was formed.
The company's growth necessitated the purchase of larger premises at Friars Bridge Road close to Portman Road football ground, where the team of designers enjoyed notable success when they created the well-known 'Lock 'em Inn' crime prevention campaign which eventually became national.
"Running a design, marketing and publishing company with its characteristically fluid client base and full exposure to constantly changing economic conditions has been like riding a rollercoaster" said David.
"However, whilst riding the ups and downs the industry does have its compensations - for example, our recent new business drive has introduced a number of fresh accounts which are an absolute pleasure to work with."
Throughout the last 20 years, David has worked with his creative director Richard Donald who, he says, is without question one of the most experienced designers in the county.
Today, Chalk and Cheese is starting its fourth decade in the design, marketing and publishing trade from its central Ipswich office and studio base in Neale Street.
Despite having come through many changes the company's core values remain and Chalk and Cheese still prides itself on the high creative standards which have been the key to its success over the last 30 years.


text:
"""Start the IPython Engine."""

__docformat__ = "restructuredtext en"

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Copyright (C) 2008  The IPython Development Team
#
#  Distributed under the terms of the BSD License.  The full license is in
#  the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Imports
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Python looks for an empty string at the beginning of sys.path to enable
# importing from the cwd.
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '')

from optparse import OptionParser
import os

from twisted.application import service
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.python import log

from IPython.kernel.fcutil import Tub, UnauthenticatedTub

from IPython.kernel.core.config import config_manager as core_config_manager
from IPython.config.cutils import import_item
from IPython.kernel.engineservice import EngineService

# Create various ipython directories if they don't exist.
# This must be done before IPython.kernel.config is imported.
from IPython.iplib import user_setup
from IPython.genutils import get_ipython_dir, get_log_dir, get_security_dir
if os.name == 'posix':
    rc_suffix = ''
else:
    rc_suffix = '.ini'
user_setup(get_ipython_dir(), rc_suffix, mode='install', interactive=False)
get_log_dir()
get_security_dir()

from IPython.kernel.config import config_manager as kernel_config_manager
from IPython.kernel.engineconnector import EngineConnector

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Code
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

def start_engine():
    """
    Start the engine, by creating it and starting the Twisted reactor.

    This method does:

        * If it exists, runs the `mpi_import_statement` to call `MPI_Init`
        * Starts the engine logging
        * Creates an IPython shell and wraps it in an `EngineService`
        * Creates a `foolscap.Tub` to use in connecting to a controller.
        * Uses the tub and the `EngineService` along with a Foolscap URL
          (or FURL) to connect to the controller and register the engine
          with the controller
    """
    kernel_config = kernel_config_manager.get_config_obj()
    core_config = core_config_manager.get_config_obj()

    # Execute the mpi import statement that needs to call MPI_Init
    global mpi
    mpikey = kernel_config['mpi']['default']
    mpi_import_statement = kernel_config['mpi'].get(mpikey, None)
    if mpi_import_statement is not None:
        try:
            exec mpi_import_statement in globals()
        except:
            mpi = None
    else:
        mpi = None

    # Start logging
    logfile = kernel_config['engine']['logfile']
    if logfile:
        logfile = logfile + str(os.getpid()) + '.log'
        try:
            openLogFile = open(logfile, 'w')
        except:
            openLogFile = sys.stdout
    else:
        openLogFile = sys.stdout
    log.startLogging(openLogFile)

    # Create the underlying shell class and EngineService
    shell_class = import_item(core_config['shell']['shell_class'])
    engine_service = EngineService(shell_class, mpi=mpi)
    shell_import_statement = core_config['shell']['import_statement']
    if shell_import_statement:
        try:
            engine_service.execute(shell_import_statement)
        except:
            log.msg("Error running import_statement: %s" % shell_import_statement)

    # Create the service hierarchy
    main_service = service.MultiService()
    engine_service.setServiceParent(main_service)
    tub_service = Tub()
    tub_service.setServiceParent(main_service)
    # This needs to be called before the connection is initiated
    main_service.startService()

    # This initiates the connection to the controller and calls
    # register_engine to tell the controller we are ready to do work
    engine_connector = EngineConnector(tub_service)
    furl_file = kernel_config['engine']['furl_file']
    log.msg("Using furl file: %s" % furl_file)

    def call_connect(engine_service, furl_file):
        d = engine_connector.connect_to_controller(engine_service, furl_file)
        def handle_error(f):
            # If this print statement is replaced by a log.err(f) I get
            # an unhandled error, which makes no sense.  I shouldn't have
            # to use a print statement here.  My only thought is that
            # at the beginning of the process the logging is still starting up
            print "error connecting to controller:", f.getErrorMessage()
            reactor.callLater(0.1, reactor.stop)
        d.addErrback(handle_error)

    reactor.callWhenRunning(call_connect, engine_service, furl_file)
    reactor.run()

def init_config():
    """
    Initialize the configuration using default and command line options.
    """

    parser = OptionParser("""ipengine [options]

Start an IPython engine.

Use the IPYTHONDIR environment variable to change your IPython directory
from the default of .ipython or _ipython.  The log and security
subdirectories of your IPython directory will be used by this script
for log files and security files.""")

    parser.add_option(
        "--furl-file",
        type="string",
        dest="furl_file",
        help="The filename containing the FURL of the controller"
    )
    parser.add_option(
        "--mpi",
        type="string",
        dest="mpi",
        help="How to enable MPI (mpi4py, pytrilinos, or empty string to disable)"
    )
    parser.add_option(
        "-l",
        "--logfile",
        type="string",
        dest="logfile",
        help="log file name (default is stdout)"
    )

    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()

    kernel_config = kernel_config_manager.get_config_obj()
    # Now override with command line options
    if options.furl_file is not None:
        kernel_config['engine']['furl_file'] = options.furl_file
    if options.logfile is not None:
        kernel_config['engine']['logfile'] = options.logfile
    if options.mpi is not None:
        kernel_config['mpi']['default'] = options.mpi

def main():
    """
    After creating the configuration information, start the engine.
    """
    init_config()
    start_engine()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM – WHITE PAPER BREAKS THE MOULD
Headlines: July 12th, 2011
Public services of the future will be delivered in different ways. The reform White Paper 'Open Public Services' sets out the ambition to improve quality and give better value to the taxpayer. Regardless of whatever is achieved by this new reform agenda, it is clear that innovation will change governance, management and the way services are delivered.
The White Paper is based on the belief that where there are poor standards in public services today, they result from an outdated approach to organising services. The new approach is to increase choice, to decentralise, to open services to a range of providers, to provide fair access and to increase accountability.
Spending decisions will be moved down to the lowest possible level. Personal budgets will be extended to give more people greater control of the services they use. Neighbourhoods will have budgets and will be able to run services, such as libraries and to commission services. At the next level, every council will be able to use a community budget to allow the funding silos to be broken open to give the council and its partners the freedom to redesign services to meet the local need. Some centrally commissioned services, such as support for transport and the environment, are also likely to be brought into community budgets.
A key part of the drive to stimulate innovation and create more choice is changing the model of service delivery to create a purchaser – provider split and to open up the provider role to private companies, community and voluntary sector organisations and to mutuals created by public sector staff. Changing the model from the state providing services and creating the purchaser – provider split encourages new innovative providers to compete for contracts and allows for payment by results to be introduced. The White Paper gives an assurance that the new arrangements will rule out inviting tenders for the existing services and all potential providers will be able to share in the service design.
The reform agenda presents challenges for all concerned with public services. Councils will need to adapt and develop new capabilities. Councillors will have to learn how to exercise wider scrutiny powers. Parish, town and neighbourhood councils will have to get to grips with new responsibilities and wider powers. The challenge will be greater in urban areas where there are no neighbourhood councils at the moment.
Among those who will face the greatest challenge are the public sector staff who decide to form mutuals to deliver a service. The scale and difficulty of the change is recognised by the support to be offered. The pathfinder projects launched in August 2010 is mapping out potential approaches. A task force headed by Julian Le Grand is to be launched and a £10m support programme will be available from August 2011.
The reform agenda is designed to give people and communities the opportunities to shape services. The framework presented in the White Paper has many blank spaces which it is planned will be filled in by the end of 2011. The filling in process starts now with a period of listening, which continues until September. Most sections of the White Paper list questions to prompt viewpoints. When views have been distilled, a work programme to implement the agenda will be published. In November 2010 a plan will be published detailing how departments will take the ideas forward over the life of the Parliament. The plan will also include proposals for legislation.


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These are statistics gathered for the following ulog tags: #ulog and #ulogger.
Authors displayed in this article have used above tags at least 5 times in the last 90 days, except for the global statistics.
ULOG 090 - What's the truth behind DLive leaving Steem for Lino blockchain!
On Steem, Witnesses are playing the important role of providing a performant and safe network for all of us. You have the power to choose 30 trusty witnesses to package transactions and sign the blocks that will go in the Steem blockchain. Vote for me via SteemConnect to help me do more useful projects for the communities.
Protect your money against Phishing Scam!
Install Steemed Phish Chrome desktop browser extension now!
You all know that your Steem password is the access to all your STEEM, SBD, posting, transferring, everything... right?
Apart from the initial setup of your account, NEVER use your password ANYWHERE, if stolen, it will give full control to your Steem account.
Backup your password and keep it somewhere safe. Use a password manager like Lastpass, print it on paper and put it in a safe (no kidding). If you forget your password, no one can help you out.


text:
BLACK, KAREN - Dreaming of You 1971-1976
"Anthology Recordings is honored to present Dreaming of You (1971-1976), the first ever collection of Karen Black's breathtaking original songs out July 16th. A prominent actor in the American New Wave, visual artist and unyielding creative spirit, Karen Black was also an accomplished musician. Produced by Cass McCombs and meticulously restored from the original tapes, Dreaming of You (1971-1976) gathers the best of Black's studio and demo recordings. The collection's fifteen tracks are a holistic depiction of Black's dreamy, introspective and earnest musical identity. Recalling the everywoman quality of Judy Collins and the quiet mystery of Billie Holiday, Black largely sings over simple acoustic guitar strumming, her voice a beacon amid tales of fantasy and heartache. Her range swings from fluttering highs to earthen lows, with a distinctiveness that evokes the enduring quality of early Asylum Records and the new classics of Angel Olsen. When she wasn't on set, she scrawled hundreds of poems and lyrics, and set them to acoustic guitar or piano. As with acting, songwriting for Black was a study in confession and in character. She often completed multiple takes of a song exploring that relationship, changing her tone, phrasing or cadence in each. RIYL: Cass McCombs, Angel Olsen, Judy Collins, Billie Holiday, Vashti Bunyan, Joni Mitchell, Judee Sill, Jackson Browne, Kris Kristofferson." - Anthology Recordings.
Title LP & 7"
LP & 7" - $30.00 USD


text:
Hi, I'm Stacy
"One of the great things about travel," Edith Wharton said, "is you find out how many good, kind people there are." I like to meet other folks when I travel and ask them about the past. Memories are like shadows, and the tools of the historian cast light on the events and conditions remembered and forgotten by those in the present.
I like think about how the location of a place and its geography connect with the history of a city or country. For Ottoman Mesopotamia (now Iraq), I showed how the nineteenth-century border with the Persian Empire fostered a the present-day tensions between Sunnis and Shiis. I wrote too about how the Saharan climate influences political forces in Mauritania. On a lighter note, I interviewed Harlequin authors in order to explore fictive Arab kingdoms in contemporary romance novels.
But there is nothing more exciting than traipsing through back alleys and public parks in search of some sign of the past, whether it is a colonial mausoleum or an old mosque turned into a movie theatre. I explored Ottoman ruins in Tessaloniki to show the significant erasure of Islamic history in Greece. I traced the history of old water mills in Fez by walking along the now empty water canals and finding old grindstones that marked where they once had operated.
I hold a Ph.D. in history (Boston University, 2005) and am an Associate Professor at Purdue University. As seen in my CV, a number of grants and fellowships have supported the research that I have done in libraries in the US, Europe and North Africa. I have been a recipient of two Fulbright Grants, the Carter Manny Award and Purdue University Enhancing Research in Arts and Humanities Grant. I am the author of The Politics of Food in Modern Morocco (University Press of Florida, 2009) and A Documentary History of Modern Iraq (University Press of Florida, 2012). I have participated in national professional conferences and given talks internationally in Europe and North Africa.
Read the latest posts.
by Stacy E. Holden | Jun 24, 2019 | Uncategorized
I am in a plane heading to Casablanca. Seated behind me, four compatriots loudly discuss their vacation plans across the aisle separating them. I note three European-Americans and one Asian-American. I recognize something of myself in them. Like me,...
by Stacy E. Holden | Jun 7, 2019 | Uncategorized
Venturing into a foreign land requires a tweaking of your playlist. You can't know a place except through the musical traditions of the people there. Music connects people, and you will find that Moroccans--or others in the the Arab world--love to...
Sign up here for a monthly newsletter with surprising discoveries, travel tips and suggestions for great reads.


If necessary, your app can request text-based information in order to perform searches, log into services, and more. Just be mindful that, unless a physical keyboard is connected, text entry can be a tedious task on Apple TV.
A text field is a fixed-height, single-line field with rounded corners that automatically brings up a keyboard screen when the user clicks in it. Use a text field to request a small amount of information, such as an email address.
Minimize text entry in your app. Entering long passages of text or filling out numerous text fields is time-consuming on an Apple TV. Minimize text input and consider gathering information more efficiently, such as with buttons.
Show a hint in the text field to help communicate purpose. A text field can contain placeholder text—such as "Email" or "Password"—when there's no other text in the field. Don't use a separate label to describe a text field when placeholder text is sufficient. When dictation is enabled, a text field on a modal keyboard screen contains a dictation prompt and the field's placeholder text appears at the top of the screen instead.
Show the email address keyboard when appropriate. If your app asks for an email address, always display the email address keyboard to ease entry and provide access to recently entered addresses. See UIKeyboardTypeEmailAddress in UITextInputTraits.
Use secure text fields when appropriate. Always use a secure text field when your app asks for sensitive data, such as a password.
For developer guidance, see UITextField.
A linear keyboard screen appears automatically whenever the user clicks a text field with the Siri Remote. This screen is optimized for the touch experience, letting people enter text with quick, fluid motions.
Note A grid keyboard screen appears with devices other than the Siri Remote, and the layout of content automatically adapts to it.
Specify an appropriate keyboard type for the kind of content being collected. Apple TV provides several different keyboard types, each designed to facilitate a specific kind of input. Certain ones make it easier to enter a name, email address, or number. For a list of available keyboard types, see UIKeyboardType in UITextInputTraits. To learn about managing the keyboard in your app, see Managing the Keyboard in Text Programming Guide for iOS.
Use the optional accessory view when appropriate. Keyboard screens include an optional accessory view. Use this area to provide context and additional information about the data you're collecting. For example, you might add your app logo and a label such as "Please enter your email address to log in to your MyApp account." For developer guidance, see Custom Views for Data Input in Text Programming Guide for iOS.
A search screen is a specialized keyboard screen for inputting search text. On this screen, search results appear beneath the keyboard in a fully customizable view.
Allow for recent searches. People frequently repeat searches on Apple TV. Minimize text reentry by listing popular or recent searches in the results area under the keyboard before the user starts typing.
Simplify and limit search results. Don't provide a lengthy list of search results that requires lots of scrolling. Make the information easy to navigate by, for example, splitting it into columns, or by presenting a smaller subset of results that most closely match the search performed.
Consider letting people filter search results. If appropriate, implement a scope bar in the search results content area to help people quickly and easily filter search results.
For developer guidance, see UISearchController.


**This class has reached it's full capacity and registration is closed. An early spring workshop is offered annually so do check back and look into my other offerings throughout the year.
I have been teaching my Early Spring Wildflowers and Medicinal Plants workshop for about ten years. It's one of my favorite classes. The woods are magical in May! This year I am switching it up a bit and have invited my friend, a gifted professional photographer and plant enthusiast, Sharri Keller, to join me and spend part of the day teaching us how to take beautiful plant photographs. Read on below and consider joining us for this special day in the fields and forest with meeting the plants, making medicine, taking plant photos and enjoying nature's spring bounty!
Join herbalist, Erin Piorier, at a farm in the beautiful Cannon Valley for a Spring day of exploring the forest, gathering herbs, medicine making and herbal education. We'll spend our morning hiking into pristine Minnesota hardwood forest to meet the beautiful Spring Ephemerals—those wildflowers that only show their faces before the leaves on the trees burst out. We will see many beautiful flowers and useful medicinals including Bloodroot, Trillium, Wild Ginger, Blue Cohosh, Hepatica, Trout Lily, Spring Beauty and many more. During our walk Erin will identify and teach about a wide variety of local native and naturalized medicinal plants. On our way we will gather herbs to make a delicious seasonal herbal syrup and when we get back to the farmhouse Erin will demonstrate the process. Everyone will get a bottle to take home. Subject to available plants we may make a gorgeous violet syrup like the one pictured below or we may make a delicious and nutritious spring tonic made with many different nutritive herbs.
. **This workshop involves up to two miles of hiking over moderately challenging (hilly/rocky) terrain. Please call Erin if you are uncertain that this class will work with your physical limitations.
Learn the tips and tricks to photograph and capture the essence of plants. In this 2.5 hour photography workshop you will gain a foundational understanding of years worth of experience. With a specific focus on the digital SLR cameras we will explore camera basics (ISO shutter, aperture), lens choices, lighting considerations, composition, photographing for blogging/websites, editing as well as get some field time photographing the plants. This comprehensive class is open to phone and point & shoot cameras as the basic principles apply and the magic is truly in our unique relationship with the plants in just the right light.
Sharri Keller has been a wedding & portrait photographer for over 6 years. Former co-owner of esteemed Satori Photography as seen in MN Bride and voted best of 2013 in mywedding.com. Her current business Terra Sura photographs weddings (recently nominated as top 21 wedding photographers in Minneapolis by Expertise), families, kids, newborns as well as assisting businesses with their branding. Sharri is also a budding herbalist and has created a sister blogsite (Terra Sura Photography & Foraging) featuring Minnesota plants, ID, recipes, herbal self-care, etc. Her love for photography and plants makes for stunning imagery with a holistic, fresh and inspired perspective.
Registration is limited to 15 participants. Register early.
Use the button below to register and pay online via paypal.
Please see my cancellation, refund and bad weather policy.


text:
HondaJet Facing Delays; Deliveries Expected by Year End 2011
By Mark Phelps
Greensboro, North Carolina-based HondaJet doesn't expect to fly its conforming aircraft until next year, and now expects first deliveries in Q4 of 2011. The company cites delays in deliveries of subassemblies for the slip in its schedule, which amounts to approximately one year from the originally projected timeframe. Honda noted the "ongoing global aerospace industry business challenges" that have led to delays in receiving important components. The HondaJet, with its unique over-the-wing engine placement, is priced at $3.9 million. With more than 100 orders in the books, the HondaJet will be powered by a pair of GE Honda HF120 turbofans; have an IFR range of 1,100 nautical miles (one pilot, three passengers); and a top speed of 420 knots and a maximum altitude of 43,000 feet.


text:
Q: Writing binary data to registry using Inno Setup Pascal Scripting I need your help again please. I want write in registry with a hex entry. How can we do this? I need a function under [Code] section.
This is what I do:
procedure ADDRegistry;
begin
  RegWriteDWordValue(HKLM64,'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\FIDTPU\Parameters', 'CalibMode', 0);

  RegWriteBinaryValue(HKLM64,'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\FIDTPU\Parameters', 'Caldata9' +
    #7c#17#17#01#26#08#1f#0f#50#02#cf#08#40#0f#f7#13#f6#01#26#1f#f7#01#6b#27#e7#1d#81#15#54#00#27#df#2d#06#dd#2b#e2#1d#61#17#56#00#18#9f#af#01#df#2b#bd#1d#49#19#b3#01#0d#bf#3b#03#87#2d#c6#1d#c9#10#cc#03#19#7f#7d#01#d9#2d#ae#1d#f9#13#54#00#34#5f#03#02#6b#2e#aa#1d#6f#14#54#00#30#9f#55#00#6b#2e#9c#1d#65#17#e5#02#34#df#b3#01#e9#2f#99#1d);
end;

The RegWriteDWordValue works, but the RegWriteBinaryValue does not.
The original registry entry with hex is:

"Caldata9"=hex:7c,17,17,01,26,08,1f,0f,50,02,cf,08,40,0f,f7,13,f6,01,26,1f,f7,
01,6b,27,e7,1d,81,15,54,00,27,df,2d,06,dd,2b,e2,1d,61,17,56,00,18,9f,af,01,
df,2b,bd,1d,49,19,b3,01,0d,bf,3b,03,87,2d,c6,1d,c9,10,cc,03,19,7f,7d,01,d9,
2d,ae,1d,f9,13,54,00,34,5f,03,02,6b,2e,aa,1d,6f,14,54,00,30,9f,55,00,6b,2e,
9c,1d,65,17,e5,02,34,df,b3,01,e9,2f,99,1d

How can I do this?
Thanks a lot for your help.

A: In Pascal in the #dd, the dd is a decimal representation of the character, not hexadecimal. So #7c is not what you think and it won't even compile.
To use a hexadecimal representation, use #$hh.
Also note that there should be a comma after the 'Caldata9', not a plus.
RegWriteBinaryValue(
    HKLM64, 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\FIDTPU\Parameters', 'Caldata9',
    #$7c#$17#$17#$01...);


TRAINOR is based at the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains. As such, we are privileged to have provided our services to Adirondack Bank for years. A recent and intriguing project with them has been our marketing of their ADK mobile app and their partnership with Olympic Luge Bronze Medalist and Upstate native, Erin Hamlin.
With this project it was more than producing a series of commercials to promote Adirondack Bank and support Erin. As natives of Upstate New York, this project struct a particular chord among our team, driving us wholeheartedly into initiating a creative campaign that exemplified the excellent quality of Adirondack Bank and the excellent spirit of Erin as she competes around the world driven by hometown pride.
With the speed of luge and the convenient, fast banking of the ADK mobile app in mind, we titled this story in two parts, "Banking at My Speed" and "Bank Local," and told it through both traditional and digital channels. Content-driven, we designed and built a microsite specific to this campaign and featured it front-and-center on adkbank.com. We produced and directed a series of varied commercials with Erin and distributed them progressively on both television and social media channels over a three-year run. We supplemented this marketing with traditional and digital billboards and orchestrated press appearances with Erin and Adirondack Bank.
It offers one example of the scope of work we are thrilled to do, as we marry traditional strategy with digital in creating an effective marketing campaign with lasting impressions and real results.