Dr. Linden is a health services researcher with expertise in evaluating the effectiveness of health care interventions and policy changes. As a methodologist, he specializes in developing and implementing techniques to maximize causal inference with observational data. His recent interests include the use of machine learning tools for studying causality and predictive modeling. Dr. Linden has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers and has written 30 statistical software packages for Stata.
Platt KD, Thompson AN, Lin P, Basu T, Linden A, Fendrick AM. Assessment of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Not Using Insulin. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Feb 01; 179(2):269-272. PMID: 30534950.
Ryan AM, Kontopantelis E, Linden A, Burgess JF. Now trending: Coping with non-parallel trends in difference-in-differences analysis. Stat Methods Med Res. 2018 Nov 25; 962280218814570. PMID: 30474484.
Linden A. Using randomization tests to assess treatment effects in multiple-group interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2019 Feb; 25(1):5-10. PMID: 30003627.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Using machine learning to evaluate treatment effects in multiple-group interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 08; 24(4):740-744. PMID: 29888469.
Linden A. Using forecast modelling to evaluate treatment effects in single-group interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 08; 24(4):695-700. PMID: 29749091.
Linden A. Using group-based trajectory modelling to enhance causal inference in interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 06; 24(3):502-507. PMID: 29658192.
Linden A. Using permutation tests to enhance causal inference in interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 06; 24(3):496-501. PMID: 29460383.
Linden A. Combining synthetic controls and interrupted time series analysis to improve causal inference in program evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 04; 24(2):447-453. PMID: 29356225.
Linden A.Review of "A Course in Item Response Theory and Modeling with Stata" by Raykov and Marcoulides. Stata Journal. 2018; 18:485-488.
Linden A, Yarnold PR.Comparative accuracy of a diagnostic index modeled using (optimized) regression vs. novometrics. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:66-71.
Linden A, Yarnold PR.Identifying maximum-accuracy cut-points for diagnostic indexes via ODA. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:59-65.
Linden A, Yarnold PR.Reanalysis of the National Supported Work Experiment Using ODA. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:54-58.
Linden A, Yarnold PR.Using ODA in the evaluation of randomized controlled trials: application to survival outcomes. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:50-53.
Linden A, Yarnold PR.Using ODA in the evaluation of randomized controlled trials. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:46-49.
Linden A, Yarnold PR.The Australian gun buy-back program and the rate of suicide by firearm. Optimal Data Analysis. 2018; 7:28-35.
Linden A. A matching framework to improve causal inference in interrupted time-series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 04; 24(2):408-415. PMID: 29266646.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Estimating causal effects for survival (time-to-event) outcomes by combining classification tree analysis and propensity score weighting. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 04; 24(2):380-387. PMID: 29230910.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Identifying causal mechanisms in health care interventions using classification tree analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018 04; 24(2):353-361. PMID: 29105259.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Minimizing imbalances on patient characteristics between treatment groups in randomized trials using classification tree analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Dec; 23(6):1309-1315. PMID: 28675602.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Modeling time-to-event (survival) data using classification tree analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Dec; 23(6):1299-1308. PMID: 28670833.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Using classification tree analysis to generate propensity score weights. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Aug; 23(4):703-712. PMID: 28371206.
Linden A. Improving causal inference with a doubly robust estimator that combines propensity score stratification and weighting. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Aug; 23(4):697-702. PMID: 28116816.
Linden A. A comparison of approaches for stratifying on the propensity score to reduce bias. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Aug; 23(4):690-696. PMID: 28074629.
Linden A.A comprehensive set of post-estimation measures to enrich interrupted time series analysis. Stata Journal. 2017; 17(1):73–88.
Yarnold PR, Linden A.Computing propensity score weights for CTA models involving perfectly predicted endpoints. Optimal Data Analysis. 2017; 6:43-46.
Linden A. Persistent threats to validity in single-group interrupted time series analysis with a cross over design. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Apr; 23(2):419-425. PMID: 27804216.
Linden A. Challenges to validity in single-group interrupted time series analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2017 Apr; 23(2):413-418. PMID: 27630090.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Combining machine learning and propensity score weighting to estimate causal effects in multivalued treatments. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):871-881. PMID: 27421786.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Combining machine learning and matching techniques to improve causal inference in program evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):864-870. PMID: 27353301.
Linden A, Yarnold PR, Nallamothu BK. Using machine learning to model dose-response relationships. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):856-863. PMID: 27240883.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Using machine learning to identify structural breaks in single-group interrupted time series designs. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):851-855. PMID: 27091355.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Using machine learning to assess covariate balance in matching studies. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):844-850. PMID: 27004916.
Linden A, Yarnold PR. Using data mining techniques to characterize participation in observational studies. J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Dec; 22(6):835-843. PMID: 26805004.
Yarnold PR, Linden A.Using machine learning to model dose-response relationships via ODA: eliminating response variable baseline variation by ipsative standardization. Optimal Data Analysis. 2016; 5:41-52.
Linden A.Review of "Maximizing Predictive Accuracy By P. R. Yarnold R. C. Soltysik. ODA Books, Chicago, IL, 2016, $98.00, 396 pp. ISBN 0 692 70092 7". J Eval Clin Pract. 2016; 22:835-838.
Yarnold PR, Linden A.Novometric analysis with ordered class variables: The optimal alternative to linear regression analysis. Optimal Data Analysis. 2016; 22:65-73.
Yarnold PR, Linden A.Theoretical aspects of the D statistic. Optimal Data Analysis. 2016; 22:171-174.
Linden A. Estimating Measurement Error of the Patient Activation Measure for Respondents with Partially Missing Data. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015:270168. PMID: 26636096; PMCID: PMC4655275.
Linden A, Uysal SD, Ryan A, Adams JL. Estimating causal effects for multivalued treatments: a comparison of approaches. Stat Med. 2016 Feb 20; 35(4):534-52. PMID: 26482211.
Linden A.Conducting interrupted time-series analysis for single- and multiple-group comparisons. Stata Journal. 2015; 15(2):480-500.
Linden A. Graphical displays for assessing covariate balance in matching studies. J Eval Clin Pract. 2015 Apr; 21(2):242-7. PMID: 25545944.
Linden A, Butterworth S. A comprehensive hospital-based intervention to reduce readmissions for chronically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Manag Care. 2014 Oct; 20(10):783-92. PMID: 25365681.
Linden A. Combining propensity score-based stratification and weighting to improve causal inference in the evaluation of health care interventions. J Eval Clin Pract. 2014 Dec; 20(6):1065-71. PMID: 25266868.
Linden A.Review of "An Introduction to Stata for Health Researchers, Fourth Edition, by Juul and Frydenberg.". Stata Journal. 2014; 14(3):697-700.
Linden A. Assessing regression to the mean effects in health care initiatives. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013 Sep 28; 13:119. PMID: 24073634; PMCID: PMC3849564.
Linden A, Samuels SJ. Using balance statistics to determine the optimal number of controls in matching studies. J Eval Clin Pract. 2013 Oct; 19(5):968-75. PMID: 23910956.
Elissen AM, Adams JL, Spreeuwenberg M, Duimel-Peeters IG, Spreeuwenberg C, Linden A, Vrijhoef HJ. Advancing current approaches to disease management evaluation: capitalizing on heterogeneity to understand what works and for whom. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013 Mar 14; 13:40. PMID: 23497125; PMCID: PMC3626873.
Linden A, Karlson KB.Using mediation analysis to identify causal mechanisms in disease management interventions. Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology. 2013; 13:86-108.
Linden A, Samuels SJ. Estimating measurement error when annualizing health care costs. J Eval Clin Pract. 2013 Oct; 19(5):933-7. PMID: 22844978.
Linden A, Adams JL. Combining the regression discontinuity design and propensity score-based weighting to improve causal inference in program evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract. 2012 Apr; 18(2):317-25. PMID: 22304484.
Linden A. Identifying spin in health management evaluations. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011 Dec; 17(6):1223-30. PMID: 21210897.
Couto J, Webster L, Romney M, Leider H, Linden A.Use of an algorithm applied to urine drug screening to assess adherence to a hydrocodone regimen. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2011; 36(2):200-207.
Linden A, Bonollo M, Fiddes K.A successful hospital-based disease management program to reduce admissions among patients with multiple chronic illnesses. International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. 2011; 4(1):675-682.
Linden A, Adams JL. Applying a propensity score-based weighting model to interrupted time series data: improving causal inference in programme evaluation. J Eval Clin Pract. 2011 Dec; 17(6):1231-8. PMID: 20973870.
Linden A. Designing a prospective study when randomization is not feasible. Eval Health Prof. 2011 Jun; 34(2):164-80. PMID: 20696741.
Linden A, Biuso TJ, Butterworth SW. Help patients with chronic kidney disease stave off dialysis. J Fam Pract. 2010 Apr; 59(4):212-9. PMID: 20398579.
Linden A, Butterworth SW, Prochaska JO. Motivational interviewing-based health coaching as a chronic care intervention. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010 Feb; 16(1):166-74. PMID: 20367828.
Linden A, Adams JL. Evaluating health management programmes over time: application of propensity score-based weighting to longitudinal data. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010 Feb; 16(1):180-5. PMID: 20367830.
Linden A, Adams JL. Using propensity score-based weighting in the evaluation of health management programme effectiveness. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010 Feb; 16(1):175-9. PMID: 20367829.
Couto JE, Webster L, Romney MC, Leider HL, Linden A. Use of an algorithm applied to urine drug screening to assess adherence to an oxycontin regimen. J Opioid Manag. 2009 Nov-Dec; 5(6):359-64. PMID: 20073409.
Linden A, Adams JL. Improving participant selection in disease management programmes: insights gained from propensity score stratification. J Eval Clin Pract. 2008 Oct; 14(5):914-8. PMID: 19018926.
Linden A. Disease management: truth in advertising. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Sep-Oct; 27(5):1482-3; author reply 1483-4. PMID: 18780941.
Linden A. Narrow model. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 May-Jun; 27(3):899-900; author reply 900. PMID: 18474995.
Linden A. Sample size in disease management program evaluation: the challenge of demonstrating a statistically significant reduction in admissions. Dis Manag. 2008 Apr; 11(2):95-101. PMID: 18393649.
Rastogi A, Linden A, Nissenson AR. Disease management in chronic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2008 Jan; 15(1):19-28. PMID: 18155106.
Linden A, Goldberg S. The case-mix of chronic illness hospitalization rates in a managed care population: implications for health management programmes. J Eval Clin Pract. 2007 Dec; 13(6):947-51. PMID: 18070267.
Linden A, Berg GD, Wadhwa S. Evaluation of a medicaid asthma disease management program. Dis Manag. 2007 Oct; 10(5):266-72. PMID: 17961079.
Linden A, Adams JL. Determining if disease management saves money: an introduction to meta-analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2007 Jun; 13(3):400-7. PMID: 17518806.
Biuso TJ, Butterworth S, Linden A. A conceptual framework for targeting prediabetes with lifestyle, clinical, and behavioral management interventions. Dis Manag. 2007 Feb; 10(1):6-15. PMID: 17309360.
Linden A.Estimating the effect of regression to the mean in health management programs. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(1):7-12.
Linden A.Use of the total population approach to measure U.S. disease management industry's cost savings: issues and implications. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(1):13-18.
Butterworth S, Linden A, McClay W.Health coaching as an intervention in health management programs. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(5):299-307.
Linden A, Biuso TJ, Gopal A, Barker AF, Cigarroa J, Haranath SP, Rinkevich D, Stajduhar K.Consensus development and application of ICD-9 codes for defining chronic illnesses and their complications. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2007; 15(5):315-322.
Linden A, Trochim WM, Adams JL. Evaluating program effectiveness using the regression point displacement design. Eval Health Prof. 2006 Dec; 29(4):407-23. PMID: 17102063.
Linden A. Is Israel ready for disease management? Isr Med Assoc J. 2006 Oct; 8(10):667-71. PMID: 17125109.
Linden A, Adams JL. Evaluating disease management programme effectiveness: an introduction to instrumental variables. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Apr; 12(2):148-54. PMID: 16579823.
Linden AL. What will it take for disease management to demonstrate a return on investment? New perspectives on an old theme. Am J Manag Care. 2006 Apr; 12(4):217-22. PMID: 16610923.
Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. Strengthening the case for disease management effectiveness: un-hiding the hidden bias. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Apr; 12(2):140-7. PMID: 16579822.
Linden A. Measuring diagnostic and predictive accuracy in disease management: an introduction to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Apr; 12(2):132-9. PMID: 16579821.
Linden A, Butterworth SW, Roberts N. Disease management interventions II: What else is in the black box? Dis Manag. 2006 Apr; 9(2):73-85. PMID: 16620193.
Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. Evaluating disease management programme effectiveness: an introduction to the regression discontinuity design. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006 Apr; 12(2):124-31. PMID: 16579820.
Linden A.Evaluating the effectiveness of home health as a disease management strategy. Home Health Care Management & Practice. 2006; 3(18):216-222.
Linden A, Biuso TJ.In search of financial savings from disease management: Applying the number needed to decrease (NND) analysis to a diabetic population. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2006; 4(14):197-202.
Linden A, Roberts N. Using visual displays as a tool to demonstrate disease management program effectiveness. Dis Manag. 2005 Oct; 8(5):301-10. PMID: 16212515.
Linden A, Wilson T. Letter regarding article by Galbreath et al, "Long-term healthcare and cost outcomes of disease management in a large, randomized, community-based population with heart failure". Circulation. 2005 Jul 05; 112(1):e11; author reply e11. PMID: 15998687.
Wilson T, Linden A. Potential bias in "controls" used in a heart failure disease-management program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Jul; 53(7):1268-9. PMID: 16108960.
Wilson T, Linden A. Financial interests, detailed description of methods, and use of randomized design in a real-world setting. Am J Manag Care. 2005 Jun; 11(6):384; author reply 394. PMID: 15974557.
Linden A, Wilson T. Care management for heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 01; 142(5):386; author reply 386. PMID: 15738460.
Wilson T, Linden A. Disease management's economic impact: unproven? Health Aff (Millwood). 2005 Mar-Apr; 24(2):566-7; author reply 567. PMID: 15757944.
Wilson T, Linden A. Asthma disease management: regression to the mean or better? Am J Manag Care. 2005 Mar; 11(3):136; author reply 136-7. PMID: 15786850.
Linden A, Roberts N. A user's guide to the disease management literature: recommendations for reporting and assessing program outcomes. Am J Manag Care. 2005 Feb; 11(2):113-20. PMID: 15726859.
Linden A, Adams J, Roberts N.Using propensity scores to construct comparable control groups for disease management program evaluation. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2005; 13(2):107-127.
Linden A, Adams J, Roberts N.Evaluating disease management program effectiveness: An introduction to the bootstrap technique. Dis Manage Health Outcomes. 2005; 3(13):159-167.
Wilson T, Linden A. Measuring diabetes management. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004 Nov-Dec; 23(6):277-8; author reply 278-9. PMID: 15537618.
Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. Generalizing disease management program results: how to get from here to there. Manag Care Interface. 2004 Jul; 17(7):38-45. PMID: 15341247.
Linden A, Adams J, Roberts N.Evaluating disease management program effectiveness adjusting for enrollment (tenure) and seasonality. Research in Health Financial Management. 2004; 9(1):57-68.
Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. Evaluating disease management program effectiveness: an introduction to survival analysis. Dis Manag. 2004; 7(3):180-90. PMID: 15669578.
Linden A, Roberts N. Disease management interventions: what's in the black box? Dis Manag. 2004; 7(4):275-91. PMID: 15671785.
Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. Using an empirical method for establishing clinical outcome targets in disease management programs. Dis Manag. 2004; 7(2):93-101. PMID: 15228794.
Linden A, Roberts N, Keck K. The complete "how to" guide for selecting a disease management vendor. Dis Manag. 2003; 6(1):21-6. PMID: 12899564.
Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. Evaluating disease management program effectiveness: an introduction to time-series analysis. Dis Manag. 2003; 6(4):243-55. PMID: 14736348.
Linden A, Adams JL, Roberts N. An assessment of the total population approach for evaluating disease management program effectiveness. Dis Manag. 2003; 6(2):93-102. PMID: 14577903.
Linden A.A Risk Adjusted Method of Analysis for Bed-day Reporting at CareAmerica Health Plans. 1997.
Linden A, Holland GJ, Loy SF, Vincent WJ.A physiological comparison of forward vs reverse wheelchair ergometry. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1993; 11(25):1265-1268.


Use the Rename Reference function to change the name of an existing part reference. When this function is selected, a text editing box will appear over the name of the reference being highlighted, and you are then able to rename it. When finished, either hit ENTER or click outside of the editing box with the cursor.
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By this point the UPS man probably already knows me. I have packages coming to my house constantly. Lol. As I came home this evening I had a package waiting for me at my front door... what could it possibly be? I couldn't get into my house quick enough to open it. It was this amazing X Men Days of Future Past! I absolutely love it!!!! Thank you ever so much!!! You are an amazing person!


Dr. Ali is a Board Certified Rheumatologist. He opened Comprehensive Rheumatology Care PLLC in November 2006. The office is conveniently located in Hendersonville on the Hendersonville Medical Center Campus. There is minimal wait period for consults and most health insurance plans are accepted. He believes that an early diagnosis and aggressive drug treatments are keys to prevent damaging effects of arthritis. By controlling the disease, we can limit the joint deterioration and thus "Adding Life to Years".
Diagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas are positive factors in the field of Rheumatology. Ali decided to choose this specialty because of the broader scope, as the diseases tend to be multisystem. "As a physician it is gratifying for me to see even small gains. I find rheumatology to be intellectually challenging as the physician is not only treating a chronically debilitated patient but also dealing with frequent psychological problems and ethical issues" said Dr Ali. "It requires both physical and emotional stamina to work with the patient's family and being empathic to their long standing illness".
Dr Ali derives his confidence from perseverance. Dr. Ali believes that his family & educational background has influenced, designed and strengthened his character as a descent, compassionate and competent physician.


text:
Оборона Харбина — боевые действия на территории города Харбина и его окрестностей между российскими войсками, защищавшими Харбин, и китайскими, которые пытались осадить город. Боевые действия завершились в пользу российских войск, прорвавших блокаду и заставивших противника отступить.

Ход событий
27 июня китайцы, к тому времени контролировавшие почти всю ЮМЖД, вывели из строя телеграф, полностью отрезав Харбин от внешнего мира. Понимая неизбежность осады города со стороны китайских войск, начальник харбинской Охранной стражи генерал-майор А. А. Гернгросс принял на себя общее руководство предстоящей обороной. К моменту начала осады из города была эвакуирована некоторая часть мирного населения.

Силы русских в Харбине, включая те, что прибывали в город, отступая с линии, составляли 2000 стражников и 1000 вооруженных запасных нижних чинов. Помимо этого, из русских жителей Харбина была набрана добровольческая дружина, впоследствии принявшая активное участие в городской обороне. Китайская сторона, в свою очередь, сосредоточила против Харбина не менее 8000 солдат, на вооружении которых имелась артиллерия в количестве 6 пушек.

10 июля китайцы попробовали осадить Харбин, но были отбиты. Гернгросс не терял времени: к исходу 12 июля в городе было сконцентрировано восемь рот и двенадцать сотен Охранной стражи, а также вышеупомянутая добровольческая рота. На данный момент общая численность защитников составляла 3300 человек, однако артиллерийских орудий в Харбине не было.

13 июля китайцы переправились через Сунгари и атаковали Харбин с востока, но разведка заблаговременно выявила этот ход, и на восточное направление была переброшена часть резервов, вследствие чего оборонявшиеся сумели ударить во фланг китайских войск. В результате этого удара русскими были захвачены два орудия и зарядные ящики. Вечером в Харбин прибыли поезда со стражниками с дальних постов, железнодорожными рабочими, служащими и их семьями и наиболее ценным имуществом.

16 июля китайцы предприняли последнюю попытку взятия города, но и она не увенчалось успехом. Оборона Харбина завершилась 21 июля, когда в Харбин прибыл на пароходах из Хабаровска отряд генерала В. В. Сахарова. За умелое командование войсками генерал-майор Гернгросс был награждён орденом святого Георгия 4-й степени.

Ссылки
 Российские пограничники в вооруженных конфликтах на Дальнем Востоке (конец XIX — начало XX в.)
 Боксерское восстание 1900—1901

Ихэтуаньское восстание
Сражения по алфавиту
Сражения России
Сражения Китая
Харбин
Сражения 1900 года
Июнь 1900 года
Июль 1900 года
Осады 1900 года

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Functional imaging using FDG-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was able to predict response to treatment in Ewing sarcoma patients, and was superior to other anatomic imaging criteria, according to a new retrospective analysis.
The criteria used to determine disease progression are not fully standardized, with differing volume increases used by WHO, SWOG, and RECIST; response criteria, however, are consistent across definitions. "A new methodology for estimation of change in volume throughout treatment could generate more accurate and objective criteria for the definition of progression and response," wrote study authors led by Laurence H. Baker, DO, of the University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor. Read more.


Operating a farm that is certified organic takes a lot of work to get started. The requirements for the certification are very specific and stringent. However, just because you do not care to give up your GMO seeds and synthetic pesticides does not mean you should overlook organic fertilizers too. In fact, if you take the time to research and think you may find that using an organic fertilizer has benefits that are good for your farmland.


Thursday October 8th we will be hosting a trunk show from 2-5 pm. Join us for lots of fun and fall fashion! It will be featuring refreshments and the latest styles from Ray Ban and Coach. Our eye care team, with the help of brand representatives Nancy and Courtney, would love to help you select eye wear that you will fall in love with this Autumn!


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We already know there will be lots to do in Patch 8.1: Tides of Vengeance. In this issue of the Battle for Azeroth Bulleting, I will have a look at how we will look while enjoying all the new content. Join me in an overview of the 8.1 Transmogs, or as I like to call it, "Blizzard, we need to talk".
The new raid armor design philosophy is not one of class identity, but one of raid identity. The appearance of an armor set in Battle for Azeroth should show off the raid where the armor is from. Blizzard did an amazing job at that for Uldir, where all four armor classes showed a uniform design that matched the Titan Vault theme perfectly.
If there was any doubt about who the big bad guy in 8.1 will be, then let the 8.1 raid armor appearances make it abundantly clear. Dazar'alor is a city of golden opulence, reminiscent of native South-American cities. Giant tiered pyramids, decorated with intricate designs shining gold.
Yet, unlike the Zandalar questing and dungeon armor appearances, there is none of that in the raid armor. Skulls, bones, tattered pieces of cloth … If there's a theme to be found here, it is that of death. More precisely, the Loa of Death: Bwonsamdi!
I'm not here to spoil the entire story line for you, just know that Bwonsamdi has dealings in Dazar'alor. A deal made with Bwonsamdi is a deal made with death itself!
If there was a Necromancer class in World of Warcraft, this would definitely be one of their class sets. Tattered cloth, bones and skulls. Not pretty, but it fits the general theme of the Battle of Dazar'alor raid. I particularly like the hood, especially on the Mythic set. The pieces of armor around the hips and thighs add some bulk. Just be careful running around with those shoulders, you might poke someone's eye out!
Again, the helmet is the start of the set here, the plumes at the back of it add a nice touch and the Mythic version has an eerie glow. The boots look a bit too bulky to me, especially for a leather set. Then again, better than just a pair of socks. Just like the cloth set, a very nice touch with the leg armor. The shoulders just make the set complete with a nice glow effect. Not something you'd want to bump into at night.
I can see my rogue alt wearing this set. Looks good, fits the theme, two thumbs up!
Okay Morty … breathe. Yes, I'm biased, my main is a hunter. When I first saw this set, I thought it was hideous. That was before Blizzard added a regular chest option rather than the robe. The helmet looks cool, a hood with a bone crown. It reminds of the Witch King of Angmar in Lord of the Rings. The shoulders are bony, spiky and glowy, like the other armors.
The chest and legs look a bit bland in my opinion and I'm certainly not a fan of the exposed toes on the boots.
So that's why the Direhorn population has been dwindling! Top to bottom, this set looks amazing! I can imagine Death Knights being a little bit more excited about this appearance than Paladins. It's bulky, it's mean, it's awesome! The Mythic shoulders look absolutely stunning, although, running around with those for too long could cause scoliosis, so be careful!
Not much else to say about this appearance, for me, this is the best looking out of the four armor appearances from the Battle of Dazar'alor!
8.1 brings a new raid, but also a new Warfront! This time, we travel back to Darkshore, still shaking after the Burning of Teldrassil. The Night Elves have regrouped, and are ready to retake their homeland from the Undead.
The Battle for Stromgarde took us back to the good old "Orcs vs. Humans" of the classic Warcraft RTS games and the armor showed that.
This time, it's Undead vs. Night Elves and again, the armors are a reflection of that conflict.
The four Alliance armors are all Night Elf themed. If you wanted some Night Elf Heritage Armor, this is as close as you're going to get until Blizzard introduces the actual thing. The general theme seems to be feather, moons and purple. As a whole, these appearances look pretty good, with the plate set again being the most intricate and detailed.
Although I can see a lot of cloth users swooning over the whole Priestess of the Moon look, I'm less excited for the leather and mail armors. Don't get me wrong, they don't look bad, they just don't blow me away like the other armors do.
The bulk of the Horde forces in Darkshore are Undead. Those who are worried that these armors would be too similar to the Dazar'alor armors can rest easy. These Undead themed armors are nothing like the bony, spiky armors of the Dazar'alor raid. Okay, there's spikes, but not the same kind. The color theme is a lot darker and just like the Alliance armors, these are as close as Undead Heritage Armor as you're going to get until the real official thing is introduced.
I expected the mail armor to be a bit more reminiscent of Sylvanas' Dark Rangers, but the mail armor is pretty damn cool as is. The leather and plate armors are well made, well detailed and the brown and purple colors reflect the Undead theme perfectly.
The star of the show here is the cloth armor. What else than a plague doctor for the Undead Warfront. The helmet looks amazing. Hanging from the shoulders and belt we see vials of a purple alchemical concoction, no doubt as vile and deadly as it is smelly.
Patch 8.1: Tides of Vengeance comes ever closer. As you can see, we have some pretty unique armors to look forward to. I'm still on the fence if I'm going to be using any of them on my Hunter. Especially since the Mythic Uldir mail set is a sold 11/10. I think I will be sticking to that transmog for most of this expansion.
I wish you all the best in your transmog hunting and until next time, for another issue of the Battle for Azeroth Bulletin!


Saddle up and explore the American West the way it was meant to be seen—on horseback.
Watch travelers witness an Old Faithful eruption and encounter bison, bears, and elk in Yellowstone National Park.
Survey the red rock landscapes, zesty southwestern cooking, and deep spirituality of New Mexico.


If you're sending non-newsletter email blasts, stick to one primary message for each email sent out. The more information you pack into an email, the higher the chance the recipient's eyes will glaze over and they'll reach for delete. Keep it to one focus point and put it right in the subject and first lines of the message to make it easier for those just skimming to absorb your message.
Each email you send should spell out exactly what you want the recipient to do. Make links obvious and call attention to any special directions you are providing. And it's okay to be repetitive when it comes to the call to action – include it toward the top of the message and mention it again at the end.
You'll also want to provide a plain text version that contains the same message but is stripped of all special formatting for recipients using email clients that cannot view messages in HTML. And don't forget to test out your final template in multiple email clients to make sure it looks how you want it to across the board.
And don't be so quick to unsubscribe bounced addresses. An email can bounce for any number of reasons, and it's best to wait to see if the address bounces more than once before scrubbing it from your list.


text:
Books On Books Collection – Stuart Whipps
2023/01/03 2023/01/02 Books On Books
Feeling with Fingers that See (2017)
Stuart Whipps
Softcover photobook, loop staple stitched. Cover H270 x W210 mm (W216 mm including loop staple). 52 pages and loose sheet for colophon. Edition of 300. Acquired from Loose Joints Publishing, 6 September 2022.
Photos: Books On Books Collection. Displayed with permission of the artist.
On 9 July to 18 September 2016, Spike Island (Bristol, UK) hosted Stuart Whipps' installation entitled "Isle of Slingers", which included a display of his ongoing artwork A System For Communicating With The Ghost Of Sir Christopher Wren. This book is part of that work.
From "Isle of Slingers", 9 July to 18 September 2016, Spike Island, Bristol, UK. Images: Courtesy of the artist.
Wren designed two systems of sign language (1650?). The diagrams for both were found interleaved in the Royal Institute of British Architects' "heirloom copy" of Parentalia, a family memoir published in 1750 by Wren's grandson also named Christopher. In the first system's diagram, four letters are assigned to each of the fingers and thumb of the left hand, two each on the knuckle side and two each on the palm side. The five vowels are assigned to the fingertips on the palm side, with the letter I doing double duty for J, and U being subsumed by V. The letter W requires two hands yoked at the thumbs, and likewise the letter X, yoked at the forefingers. Y is created with the thumb spread away from the joined fingers, and Z, with a closed fist.
Whipps uses the second system's diagram, which he recreates on the last page of his book. The first 25 letters of the alphabet are represented on the five digits of the left hand, and two flat hands represent the 26th letter. The digits of the right hand stand for the order of the letters on the left.
So, below, the display of the left and right thumbs means the letter A. The show of the left thumb and right little finger means E. But there is some "noise" in Whipps' system. Why, for example, is the thumb for letter A held horizontally but for letter E, it is held vertically?
A and E
Likewise, sometimes a finger is displayed from the back of the hand, sometimes from the side –even for the same letter.
Variant letter E's
Variant letter I's
And in these two separate displays of the letter F, perhaps we also have noise introduced by a slip of the thumb.
F and F
The marbled cover and diagram's explanation draw attention to a sort of noise reduction feature — color. The left hand always appears against a gray background; the right appears against a colored background. Where there might be some difficulty in distinguishing the fourth digit from the fifth in their side views, the colors bright blue and black are helpful.
S (ring finger, fourth letter), T (ring finger, fifth letter)
But communicating with ghosts shouldn't be too easy. In the exhibition, two projectors generated potential messages, and random combinations of letters were recorded throughout. The randomness in Whipp's system — juxtaposed with Wren's architectural order — and his introduction of color to an otherwise binary, black-and-white system — provide a depth reflected in that marbled cover. A paradox similar to that of "feeling with fingers that see".
"Carina Hesper". 18 July 2022. Books On Books Collection.
"Masoumeh Mohtadi". 5 February 2021. Books On Books Collection.
"Xiao Long Hua". 18 July 2022. Books On Books Collection.
Book Art/Book ArtsSir Christopher Wren, Stuart Whipps
Previous Article Celebrating the 250th Anniversary of Steingruber's "Architectural Alphabet"
Next Article Books On Books Collection – Marie Lancelin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tony's masonry provides a complete package commercial concrete / masonry services in the NYC area. OUR MISSION is to provide our customers with expert commercial masonry contractors at competitive prices. To develop a long lasting relationship with our clients, our employees are committed towards providing the most honest and loyal services. We will collaborate with you from the beginning phases of your project to the end.


text:
Jaggards Transport – Gold Re-approval
June 6, 2018 July 3, 2018
Jaggards Transport Ltd are an established transport company based near Bury St Edmunds. Lee Coddington, Company Director and Transport Manager explains how FORS has spearheaded the introduction of initiatives that have assisted in the improvement of operational efficiency. The introduction of enhanced safety mechanisms on the fleet have been welcomed by all those within the business and meet the strict "Safety First" ethos practiced in our business. We want to demonstrate that FORS Gold is achievable, acting as the benchmark for all in the transport sector.
I ntroduction to FORS was through one of our valued clients, at that time we operated a small fleet of vehicles focused on deliveries into and around London. We planned from the start to provide the best service possible, as part of that service it meant we wanted to achieve FORS accreditation status.
We passed our FORS Bronze audit in 2013 and have progressed to Silver then Gold. We have found the process to be straightforward and it has allowed us to be more focused on the safety fist aspect of our operation.
Following our success at Bronze level we focused on fuel usage and staff training to ensure the safety first ethos in or company became the overarching measure of our success. We took advantage of the training on offer from FORS, we witnessed a MPG improvement of around 16% due to greater vehicle utilisation and positive driver behaviour change. Silver and our original Gold accreditation have seen us develop and improve across all parts of our business.
Lee Coddington – Company Director says,
"We have come a long way since we were founded in 2012. We continue to monitor and look to improve our operation at every opportunity."
The benefits of the FORS scheme has been clearly evident, measures such as the Anti-Idling Policy, independent driver assessments combined with on-going driver awareness training through e-learning courses and FORS Toolbox Talks which has resulted in a reduction in Fleet related incidents, PCN's, MPG and Co2 emissions. Our drivers complete a company driver's medical questionnaire. The health and well being of our staff is of the utmost importance to us.
We have seen an increase in the number of PCN's issued, however we have attributed that to the increased mileage we now cover along with the increase in urban environment deliveries we are now involved with. Calculated on a mile per mile basis we have seen around a 16% reduction in the issue of PCN's received.
Derek Jaggard – Company Director says,
"The kudos associated with FORS Gold adds to the professionalism that our company strives to achieve in everything we do and we certainly display our FORS logo with pride."
Number of accidents
Number of PCNs
Apr – Mar 13-14
12mpg 0
Percentage improvement
We are monitoring and reviewing the health and fitness of our drivers using medical declaration forms which are issued on employment and reviewed thereafter. We also provide detailed health guidance and conduct eyesight checks and tests.
We have a detailed strategy for recruiting drivers, however as the industry faces a shortage of driving staff we are looking as part of our strategy to recruit from both in and outside the transport industry. We have a low turn over of staff within our business.
Our work environment is generally low noise, as part of our noise assessment we have taken measures to reduce even further unwarranted noise by introducing a reduced vehicle idling policy. This has helped reduce noise but also produced decreased fuel consumption and reduced vehicle emissions.
Modal shift and alternative vehicle usage in our sector of the industry have proved to be non existent. We are keen to exploit new technology but as a rural based business serving locations around the south of England fossil fuel alternatives and modal change are not available.
We are continually investigating ways to improve our business and ensure we reduce our carbon footprint. The non-packaged, non-standardised load size sector of logistics is different to standardised movement, that said we have introduced new loading methods to ensure consolidation is possible and devised delivery plans to reduce multiple same site deliveries.
Gold re-approval ensures we have achieved the highest grade currently available via FORS. It also ensures our supply chain partners have confidence in our business when they engage with us.
Categories Case Studies, Gold Case Studies, Operators
Basra Trucking Ltd– Maintaining gold
AFI Uplift – The Only Way is GOLD!


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Based in the United States with Unsurpassed Service: Our friendly product experts offer world class customer care. At Mariell, we treat our valued customers with the finest service in the the industry! We appreciate your business and go the extra mile to meet and exceed your expectations. Our friendly and educated customer service staff is available to assist you Monday through Friday from 9am - 5pm EST.
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Mariell products are carried by over 4,000 authorized Mariell retailers worldwide. Mariell designs have brought style to more than a million special events including weddings, proms, homecomings, pageants, graduations, communions and quinceaneras. Mariell is a trusted name in wholesale wedding jewelry, rhinestone prom jewellery and special occasion accessories for 27 years.
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A MESSAGE TO OUR VALUED CONSUMERS: It is our pleasure to present you with the Mariell bridal, prom, wedding and boutique collection. To purchase any of our products, please refer to our Store Locator for authorized Mariell retailers in your area or online. We thank all the beautiful women who visit our website and shop our exclusive retailers. Beauty comes from within...and Mariell makes it shine.


When I turned 17 I started to do nursing, training at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Then I did midwifery at King George V. When I was training to be a registered nurse I topped the state in ophthalmology. I worked on and off for 10 years in nursing homes and the Royal Hospital for Women, then I looked after my mother.
I tried to finish my midwifery at the Parramatta hospital, but that's when I got sick. I went through a dark phase, didn't think I was good enough. I loved my nursing but I was in and out of hospital myself and it took me a long time to get over that.
My mother died during one of the times I was in hospital. My mother, brother and father all died on Sundays. Someone once said to me that I should "avoid Sundays if I were you".
With the help of a nurse, I got through my dark phase and was able to get back into society. I'll never be the same again, though, I'm still scared. That's why I can't get full-time work elsewhere, but thanks to The Big Issue I can work.
I would like to give three cheers to my neighbour Jim for telling me about the magazine last April, and to everyone at The Big Issue for accepting me. They opened their arms wide and I'm so thankful. It's helped fill my time and has allowed me to express myself in the Streetsheet section of the magazine.
I have experienced the joys of living by meeting people while earning money on the side – I don't sell many yet, but I'm happy where I am and I look forward to seeing my customers come by.
I sell at Harris and George Street near UTS. I really like my regular customers – I like chatting to them but I don't keep them too long because they are on their way to work. I've got some very good customers, like Jennie and Mary.
I live in a Housing Commission place now, which has been a great help because before that it was very difficult to make ends meet. I've got a cat called Fluffy who's grossly overweight – somebody else is feeding him, I've gotta find out who!
I like reading novels and the paper, and I love entertaining; I love to cook. Also knitting and sewing, and I like reading the stars and my Bible. I don't keep up with hobbies as much as I would like because I still get slightly depressed, but not as bad.
I got really bad through that darkness, and it has taken me years to get over it. Now I am coming out into the light.
This article was first published in Ed#523 of The Big Issue.


text:
Interview with Andrew Cockburn
Andrew Cockburn
author of "Kill Chain: The Rise of the High-Tech Assassins"
Andrew Cockburn's Website
Andrew Cockburn, author of "Kill Chain: The Rise of the High-Tech Assassins"
Andrew Cockburn is the Washington Editor of Harper's magazine and the author of many articles and books on national security, including the New York Times Editor's Choice Rumsfeld and The Threat, which destroyed the myth of Soviet military superiority underpinning the Cold War. He is a regular opinion contributor to the Los Angeles Times and has written for, among others, the New York Times, National Geographic and the London Review of Books.
The Book: "Kill Chain: The Rise of the High-Tech Assassins"
An essential and page-turning narrative on the history of drone warfare by the acclaimed author of Rumsfeld, exploring how this practice emerged, who made it happen, and the real consequences of targeted killing
Assassination by drone is a subject of deep and enduring fascination. Yet few understand how and why this has become our principal way of waging war. Kill Chain uncovers the real and extraordinary story; its origins in long-buried secret programs, the breakthroughs that made UAV operations possible, the ways in which the technology works and, despite official claims, does not work. Taking the reader inside the well-guarded world of national security, the book reveals the powerful interests – military, CIA and corporate – that have led the drive to kill individuals by remote control. Most importantly of all, the book describes what has really happened when the theories underpinning the strategy — and the multi-billion dollar contracts they spawn — have been put to the test. Drawing on sources deep in the military and intelligence establishments, Andrew Cockburn's Kill Chain unveils the true effects, as demonstrated by bloody experience, of assassination warfare, a revelation that readers will find surprising as well as shocking.


text:
Q: TextFormField's textAligin argument makes keyboard gets out of work Why when I use the textAligin argument in the TextFormField widget in the following code, the keyboard gets out of work. That's mean I can't set the focus and the keyboard doesn't show.
new TextFormField(
    /* textAligin: TextAlign.end, */
    obscureText: obscure,
    style: const TextStyle(
        color: Colors.white,
    ),
    decoration: new InputDecoration(
        icon: new Icon(
            icon,
            color: Colors.white,
        ),
        border: InputBorder.none,
        hintText: hint,
        hintStyle: const TextStyle(color: Colors.white, fontSize: 15.0),
        contentPadding: const EdgeInsets.only(
        top: 30.0, right: 30.0, bottom: 30.0, left: 5.0),
    ),
)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
\section{Introduction}
This paper is devoted to the classical Lane--Emden equation
\begin{equation}\label{LE}
\left\{\begin{array}{rcl}
\Delta u  + u^p =0   &\text{in} &\Omega, \quad  p>1  \\
u>0 & \text{in }&\O \\
u  = 0  &\text{on}& \del \Omega.
\end{array}
\right.
\end{equation}
in a bounded domain $\O\subset \real^n$, with a $C^2$-smooth boundary. Our results concern the two-dimensional case, $n=2$.

The Lane--Emden equation models the mechanical structure of self-gravitating spheres, and in particular, the structure of stars in astrophysics -- see \cite{chandrasekhar1957introduction} and \cite{horedt1986exact} for a physical introduction. This equation is also the simplest superlinear equation of second order, and as such has been the object of an enormous number of theoretical studies.

In their classical work \cite{ambrosetti1973dual} Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz showed that a solution of \eqref{LE} can be constructed by viewing the problem as the Euler-Lagrange equation associated with the functional
\begin{equation*}
I[v] = \int_{\O}\frac{|\nabla v|^2}{2} - \frac{|v|^{p+1}}{p+1} ~dx
\end{equation*}
on the Sobolev space $H^1_0(\Omega)$, and by applying the Mountain Pass Theorem.  Alternatively, a solution of \eqref{LE} can be constructed by solving the constrained minimization problem
\begin{equation}\label{CO}
\text{minimize} \quad J[v]:= \frac{1}{2} \int_{\Omega} |\nabla v|^2 ~dx \quad \text{among all} \quad v\in H_0^1(\O) \quad \text{with}\quad \int_{\O} |v|^{p+1} ~dx=1,
\end{equation}
and then scaling the obtained minimizer appropriately. Due to Sobolev embeddings, these approaches work in any space dimension $n$, as long as $p$ is below the critical exponent $p_c$:
\begin{align*}
p_c =  \frac{n+2}{n-2} \quad \text{for} \quad n\geq 3 \quad \text{and} \quad p_c = \infty \quad \text{for} \quad n=2.
\end{align*}
On the other hand, it is classically known \cite{pohozaev} that when $\Omega$ is \emph{star-shaped}, there are no nontrivial solutions in the range $p>p_c$. Thus, it becomes a compelling question to study the behaviour of solutions of \eqref{LE} as $p\nearrow p_c$.

Observe that solutions obtained by \eqref{CO} have \emph{least energy}, among all possible solutions. Whether solutions of \eqref{LE} of higher energies exist depends strongly on the geometry and the topology of the domain: see for instance Dancer \cite{dancer1988effect, dancer1990effect}, Benci--Cerami \cite{benci1991effect}. Their nonuniqueness results gave a negative answer to the original question of Gidas, Ni and Nirenberg (\cite[pp.224]{gidas1979symmetry}) for many types of domains.

On the other hand, it is known, by ODE analysis and the classical symmetry result of \cite{gidas1979symmetry}, that there is a unique solution of \eqref{LE} if $\Omega$ is a ball. A uniqueness result is also available for domains close to a ball (see \cite{zou1994effect}), and for domains $\O\subseteq\real^n$ which are both symmetric and convex in each one of the $n$ orthogonal directions: for all $p>1$ when $n=2$ (\cite{dancer1988effect, DamGroPac}), and  for $p$ close to $p_c$ when $n\ge3$ (\cite{grossi2000uniqueness}).

A long-standing and largely unsolved open question is whether \eqref{LE} has a unique positive solution if $\Omega$ is convex. It was conjectured in \cite{dancer1988effect} that the answer is affirmative. As of today, this conjecture has been verified only if $p$ is close to $1$ or  within the class of least-energy solutions in $2$ dimensions, by C.S. Lin \cite{lin1994uniqueness}.
\bigskip

Returning to the question of asymptotic behaviour as $p$ approaches the critical exponent, it is known that in dimension $n\geq 3$ the solutions of \eqref{LE} blow-up in the $L^{\infty}$-norm as $p\to p_c$, as demonstrated by Rey \cite{rey1990role} and Han \cite{han1991asymptotic}. These papers contain in addition precise asymptotics for the least-energy solutions.

The situation when $n=2$ turns out to be different in this regard. Ren and Wei \cite{ren1994two} showed that \emph{the least-energy solutions stay uniformly bounded as} $p\to \infty$. Whether this property is valid for arbitrary solutions has been an open problem until now.

Our main result gives an affirmative answer.

\begin{theorem}\label{main} Let $\Omega\subset\real^2$ be a bounded domain with $C^2$-boundary and let $p_0>1$. There exists a constant $C$, depending only on $p_0$ and $\Omega$, such that for all $p\geq p_0$ any solution $u_p\in C^{2}(\Omega)\cap C^0(\overline{\O})$ of \eqref{LE} satisfies:
\[
\|u_p\|_{L^{\infty}(\Omega)} \leq C.
\]
\end{theorem}

Observe that we make no assumption on $\Omega$ other than smoothness. That Theorem \ref{main} should hold for convex domains has been a common belief among experts. It may seem surprising that it is actually true for any smooth domain.

The proof of Theorem \ref{main} employs the Green's function representation formula, the Harnack inequality, and a rescaling argument. Additionally, we make use of the approach by de Figueiredo, Lions, and Nussbaum \cite{de1982priori}  to glean information about the near-boundary behaviour of solutions.
\bigskip

Next, we describe some applications of Theorem \ref{main}. In the original result of Ren and Wei the uniform boundedness of least-energy solutions follows (see the proof of Theorem 1.1 in  \cite{ren1994two}) as a consequence of the key integral bound
\begin{equation}\label{intgCond}
p \int_{\O} |\nabla u_p|^2 ~dx \leq C \qquad \text{for all large}\quad p,
\end{equation}
which in \cite{ren1994two} is shown to hold for least-energy solutions.

As a corollary to Theorem \ref{main}, we show that  \eqref{intgCond} holds for arbitrary solutions, provided $\Omega$ is  \emph{strictly star-shaped}.

\begin{theorem}\label{coro_IntgBnd} Let $\O\subset \real^2$ be a strictly star-shaped bounded domain with $C^2$-boundary and let $p_0>1$. There exists a constant $C$, depending only on $p_0$ and $\Omega$, such that for all $p\geq p_0$ any solution $u_p\in C^{2}(\Omega)\cap C^0(\overline{\O})$ of \eqref{LE} satisfies
\[
p \int_{\O} |\nabla u_p|^2 ~dx = p \int_{\O} u_p^{p+1} ~dx \leq C.
\]
\end{theorem}
The proof of this theorem uses the Pohozaev identity, which is the reason behind the requirement on the domain to be star-shaped.
\bigskip

In the recent work \cite{de2017asymptotic} De Marchis, Ianni and Pacella have performed a fairly complete asymptotic description of positive solutions of the Lane--Emden problem \eqref{LE} as $p\to \infty$, under the hypothesis that the integral quantity in \eqref{intgCond} has a limit. The paper \cite{de2017asymptotic} builds on the results of Ren and Wei \cite{ren1994two}, Adimurthi and Grossi \cite{adigrossi}, as well as the earlier work of the same authors \cite{dMIP} where they also obtain asymptotics for sign-changing solutions of the Lane-Emden equation (we refer to \cite{de2017asymptotic} for a full list of references and the history of this problem).

It is shown in \cite{de2017asymptotic} that if $\beta=\lim_{p\to\infty} p \int_{\O} |\nabla u_p|^2$ exists, then  $(u_p)$ concentrate at a finite number of points $\{x_j\}_{j=1}^k \subseteq \O$ as $p\to \infty$, whose locations satisfy an ``electrostatic force'' balance equation. Moreover, for a subsequence $p_i\to\infty$  one has (for a small enough $\d>0$)
\[
\lim_{p_i\to \infty} \|u_{p_i}\|_{L^{\infty}(B_{\d}(x_j))} = m_j, \quad j=1,2,\ldots, k \quad \text{with}\quad m_j\geq \sqrt{e} \quad \text{and}\quad  \beta = 8\pi \sum_{j=1}^k m_j^2
\]
and suitable rescalings of the solutions converge to a positive solution of the classical Liouville equation $-\Delta u = e^u$.
In \cite{de2017asymptotic} the authors conjecture that all $m_j=\sqrt{e}$, so that the asymptotic ``energy'' $\beta = (8\pi e)k$ is quantized.

In a recent preprint \cite{de2018asymptotic} by the three authors together with  Massimo Grossi, they present a proof of this conjecture (and thus a refined asymptotic description) under the sole assumption \eqref{intgCond}. A proof of the quantization conjecture, again under \eqref{intgCond}, was also independently announced by Thizy \cite{thizy2018sharp}.\medskip

Our Theorem \ref{coro_IntgBnd} shows that the assumption \eqref{intgCond} is actually always satisfied in a star-shaped smooth domain. Thus the results in  \cite{de2017asymptotic, de2018asymptotic}, combined with Theorem \ref{coro_IntgBnd},
provide a full asymptotic description for solutions of \eqref{LE} in such domains.\medskip

Furthermore, from the presentations \cite{Pac} and \cite{FdM} we learned of a joint work in progress of the authors of \cite{de2018asymptotic}, in which they claim to have demonstrated that in convex domains, solutions of \eqref{LE} satisfying condition \eqref{intgCond} have Morse index equal to $1$ (as critical points of the functional $I[v]$), if $p$ is sufficiently large depending on the constant $C$ in \eqref{intgCond}. On the other hand, the proof of the main result of C.S.\! Lin \cite{lin1994uniqueness} implies that the Lane--Emden problem, when set in a bounded convex domain in the plane, has a unique positive solution of \mbox{Morse index $1$.} Thus, their work in combination with our Theorem \ref{coro_IntgBnd} would establish the uniqueness of positive solutions of the Lane--Emden problem in smooth  convex domains in the plane for all sufficiently large $p$.

\section{Proofs}

Everywhere in the sequel the letters $C,c$ (possibly with indices) will denote positive constants which depend only on $p_0$ and $\Omega$, and which may change from line to line.

We start with the following auxiliary proposition.

\begin{prop}\label{aux} Under the assumptions of  Theorem \ref{main}, there exist positive constants $\d$ depending only on  $\Omega$, and $C$ depending only on $p_0$ and $\Omega$, such that
\begin{itemize}
\item The maximum of $u=u_p$ in $\Omega$ is attained in $\{x\in \Omega:\text{dist}(x,\del\Omega)\geq \d\}$;
\item We have the bound $$\int_{\O}u^p ~dx \leq C.$$
\end{itemize}
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
By using the moving planes technique in combination with the Kelvin transform as in \cite[pp.223]{gidas1979symmetry}  or \cite[pp.45-52]{de1982priori}, one can show the existence of positive constants $\d$ and $\gamma$ (depending only on $\O$) such that
$$
 \text{ for each } x\in \{x\in \Omega, \text{dist}(x,\del\Omega)<2\d\} \quad  \text{ there exists a measurable set } I_x \text{ such that}
$$
\begin{equation}\label{MovPlane}
\begin{array}{rl}
(i) & I_x \subseteq \{x\in \Omega, \text{dist}(x,\del\Omega)\geq \d\}\\
(ii) & |I_x|\geq \gamma \\
(iii) & u(x)\leq u(\xi) \text{ for all } \xi\in I_x.
\end{array}•
\end{equation}
For details, please see the discussion after Theorem $1.2$ in \cite{de1982priori}. The statements in \eqref{MovPlane} correspond to $(8)^\prime$ in \cite{de1982priori}. Observe that the constant $C$ which appears in $(8)^\prime$(iii) in that paper can be taken to be one, since $n=2$. In particular, this implies that the maximum of $u$ is achieved sufficiently far away from the boundary -- in $\{\text{dist}(x,\del\Omega)\geq \d\}$.

For the second part of the proposition, we argue as in Steps 1 and 2 of \cite[Theorem 1.1]{de1982priori}, tracking the dependence in $p$. Let $\phi$ be the   eigenfunction of the Dirichlet Laplacian, associated with the lowest eigenvalue $\lambda=\lambda(\O)$:
\begin{equation}
-\D \phi = \lambda \phi \qquad \phi = 0 \text{ on } \del\Omega, \quad \text{normalized so that} \quad \|\phi\|_{L^1(\Omega)}=1.
\end{equation}
Multiplying \eqref{LE} by $\phi$ and integrating by parts we get
\begin{equation}\label{eigenMult}
\lambda \int_{\O} u\phi ~dx= \int_{\O} u^p \phi ~dx.
\end{equation}
Let $t_p = (2\lambda)^{1/(p-1)}$, so that we have $u^p > 2\lambda u$ whenever $u>t_p$. Now using \eqref{eigenMult}, we obtain
\begin{align*}
2\lambda \int_{\O} u\phi ~dx &= \int_{u>t_p} (2\lambda u)\phi ~dx +  2\lambda \int_{u\leq t_p}  u\phi ~dx \\ &\leq \int_{\Omega} u^p \phi ~dx + 2\lambda t_p \int_{\O}\phi ~dx
 = \lambda  \int_{\O} u\phi ~dx + 2\lambda t_p,
\end{align*}
which yields
\begin{equation*}
\int_{\Omega} u^p \phi ~dx = \lambda \int_{\O} u\phi ~dx  \leq 2\lambda t_p = (2\lambda)^{1+1/(p-1)}\leq \max\{1,  (2\lambda)^{1+1/(p_0-1)}\}=C(p_0,\Omega).
\end{equation*}
Furthermore, by \eqref{MovPlane} we see that for all $y\in \{\text{dist}(y,\del\Omega)<2\d\}$
\begin{equation*}
C\geq \int_{\O} u^p \phi ~dx \geq \int_{I_y} u^p \phi ~dx \geq \gamma u^p(y) \min_{I_y}\phi.
\end{equation*}
But by the  Harnack inequality $ \min_{I_y}\phi \geq c_1$ with $c_1$ depending only $\Omega$, as $\phi > 0$ in $\Omega$ and $I_y \subseteq \{\text{dist}(y,\del\Omega)>\d\}$. Therefore,
\begin{equation}
u^p(y)\leq C_0 \quad \text{for all} \quad y\in \{\text{dist}(y,\del\Omega)<2\d\}.
\end{equation}
A standard barrier argument applied to
$$0\le -\Delta u\le C_0\quad\mbox{ in } \{\text{dist}(y,\del\Omega)<2\d\}, \qquad u=0 \mbox{ on } \partial \Omega,$$ now gives us
\begin{equation}\label{bdryGrad}
|\nabla u|=|u_{\nu}|\leq C_1 \quad \text{on }\del\Omega,
\end{equation}
where $u_{\nu}$ denotes the outer normal derivative of $u$ at $\del \O$. From \eqref{bdryGrad} we infer  the desired estimate by using the Divergence Theorem:
\[
\int_{\O} u^p ~dx= \int_{\O} -\D u ~dx = \int_{\del \O} u_{\nu} ~ds \leq C_1 |\partial \Omega|=C.
\]
\end{proof}

We  now move to the proof of  Theorem \ref{main}.
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{main}]\

 For the sake of notational simplicity we will drop the subscript $p$ from $u_p$.

Let $M$ denote the maximum of $u$, $M = \max_{\overline{\O}} u$. From Proposition \ref{aux} we know that $M$ is attained at a point which is at least at  distance $\d$ away from the boundary $\del \O$. Without loss of generality, we pick its location to be the origin: $u(0)=M$.  Denote by $B_r\subseteq\real^2$ the open disk of radius $r$, centered at the origin. We may also assume that $\Omega \subseteq B_1$. Indeed if, in fact, $B_R$ were the smallest disk such that $B_R \supseteq \O$ with $R=R(\O)>1$, then we can use the scale-invariance of the equation: the function $\tilde{u}$ defined by
\[
\tilde{u}(x):= R^{2/(p-1)}u(Rx) \quad \text{for } x\in \tilde{\Omega}:= R^{-1}\O \subseteq B_1
\]
is also a non-negative solution of \eqref{LE}. If we know that $\|\tilde{u}\|_{L^{\infty}(\tilde{\O})} \leq C(p_0, \tilde{\O})= C(p_0, \O)$, then
\[
\|u\|_{L^{\infty}(\O)} = R^{-2/(p-1)}\|\tilde{u}\|_{L^{\infty}(\tilde{\O})} \leq C(p_0, \O),
\]
as well.

Let $G(y)$ denote the Green's function for the Laplacian $(-\D)$ with pole at the origin. Then we can write
$$
G(y) = -\frac{1}{2\pi}\log(|y|) - g(y)
$$
where $g$ is harmonic in $\O$ with boundary data $$g(y) = -\frac{1}{2\pi}\log(|y|).$$ Since $1\geq |y|\geq \d$ for all $y\in \del\O$, we have $\|g\|_{L^{\infty}(\del\O)} \leq C$, so that the Maximum Principle yields
\begin{equation}\label{gBnd}
0\leq g \leq C \quad \text{in}\quad  \O.
\end{equation}

Now, applying Green's representation formula (Theorem 2.2.12 in \cite{evansPDE}), we obtain
\begin{align}
M & =u(0) = \int_{\Omega} G(y) u^p(y) ~ dy = \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{\Omega} \log(1/|y|)\, u^p ~ dy - \int_{\Omega} g u^p dy
 \notag \\ & \geq  \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{\Omega} \log(1/|y|)\, u^p ~dy - C\int_{\Omega} u^p ~dy
\notag  \\ & \geq   \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{\Omega} \log(1/|y|)\, u^p ~dy - C',\label{mainEst}
\end{align}
where in the last two lines we used \eqref{gBnd} and the bound on $\int u^p$ of Proposition \ref{aux}.

We want to exploit the logarithmic singularity. Instead of $u$, we shall work with
$$
v(x):=1-\frac{u(M^{-\frac{p-1}{2}}x)}{M} $$
which satisfies
\begin{equation}\label{eqn_v}
\begin{array}{l}
\Delta v = (1-v)^p \quad \text{in} \quad \Omega':= M^{\frac{p-1}{2}} \Omega  \subseteq B_{M^{(p-1)/2}}\\
 v\geq 0 \quad \text{with} \quad v(0) = 0.
\end{array}
\end{equation}
After the change of variables $y=x/M^{\frac{p-1}{2}}$, the estimate \eqref{mainEst} above reads
$$
M+ C' \geq \frac{M}{2\pi} \int_{\Omega'} \log(M^{\frac{p-1}{2}}/|x|) (1-v)^p ~dx
$$
or
$$
 \int_{\Omega'} \log(M^{\frac{p-1}{2}}/|x|) (1-v)^p ~dx \leq 2\pi + \frac{C^\prime}{M}.
$$
If $M<1$ we are done, so we may assume that $M\geq 1$ which guarantees $B_{\d}\subseteq \O'$. By the inhomogeneous Harnack inequality (see for instance Theorem 4.17 in \cite{HanLin}) applied to \eqref{eqn_v} and $0\le (1-v)^p\le1$, $v(0)=0$ we get
 $$\|v\|_{L^{\infty}(B_r)} \leq C r^2,
$$
for all $r\in (0,\delta)$, implying
$$
 v \leq \frac{C_1}{p} \quad \text{in}\quad B_{\d/\sqrt{p}},
$$
 so that
$$(1-v)^p\geq e^{-C_1}=:c_1\quad\mbox{ in }\quad B_{\d/\sqrt{p}}.
$$
 Since $\O' \subseteq B_{M^{(p-1)/2}}$, we have  $\log(M^{\frac{p-1}{2}}/|x|) \geq 0$ in $\Omega'$, thus
\begin{equation}\label{penutm}
2\pi+C^\prime\geq 2\pi + \frac{C^\prime}{M} \geq  \int_{B_{\d/\sqrt{p}}} \log(M^{\frac{p-1}{2}}/|x|) (1-v)^p ~dx \geq c_1 \int_{0}^{\d/\sqrt{p}} \log(M^{\frac{p-1}{2}}/r)\, r\, dr
\end{equation}
It is easy to check that for any $\alpha,\rho>0$
 $$\int_{0}^{\rho} \log(\alpha/r) r ~dr \geq  \frac{1}{2} \log(\alpha/\rho)\rho^2,$$
from which  we see that the right-hand side of \eqref{penutm}
\[
c_1 \int_{0}^{\d/\sqrt{p}} \log(M^{\frac{p-1}{2}}/r) r ~dr \geq \frac{c_2}{p} \log(\sqrt{p}M^{\frac{p-1}{2}}/\d) \geq c_3\left( \frac{\log p}{p} + \frac{p-1}{p} \log M  \right),
\]
implying the desired
\[
\log M \leq C.
\]
\end{proof}

Finally, we prove Theorem  \ref{coro_IntgBnd}.

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{coro_IntgBnd}]\
Without loss of generality, we may assume that $\O$ is star-shaped with respect to the origin:
\begin{equation}\label{star}
(x,\nu) \geq \alpha
\end{equation}
for some constant $\alpha=\alpha(\O)>0$, where $\nu$ denotes the unit outer normal to $\del \O$.
Our argument will be based on the well-known Pohozaev identity (see \cite{pohozaev} or \cite[pp.516]{evansPDE}): any solution of \eqref{LE} is such that
\begin{equation}\label{pohoz}
 \frac{4}{p+1}\int_{\O} u^{p+1} ~dx = \int_{\del \O} (x,\nu) u_{\nu}^2 ~ ds.
\end{equation}
We derive
\begin{align*}
\int_{\O} u^p ~dx = \int_{\del \O} -u_{\nu} ~ds & \leq |\del \O|^{1/2}\left(\int_{\del\O}u_{\nu}^2 ~ ds\right)^{1/2} \\
& \leq [\alpha^{-1}|\del \O|]^{1/2}\left(\int_{\del\O}(x,\nu) u_{\nu}^2 ~ ds\right)^{1/2} \\
& \leq  [\alpha^{-1}|\del \O|]^{1/2} \frac{2}{\sqrt{p+1}} \left(\int_{\O} u^{p+1} ~dx\right)^{1/2} \\
& \leq 2[\alpha^{-1} |\del \O|\|u\|_{L^{\infty}(\O)}]^{1/2} p^{-1/2} \left(\int_{\O} u^{p} ~dx\right)^{1/2}
\end{align*}
where the first inequality follows from Cauchy-Schwarz, the second is due to \eqref{star} and the third  follows fom \eqref{pohoz}. Thus,
\[
p \int_{\O} u^{p} ~dx \leq 4\alpha^{-1} |\del \O|\|u\|_{L^{\infty}(\O)}
\]
so that
\[
p \int_{\O} u^{p+1} ~dx \leq p \|u\|_{L^{\infty}(\O)}  \int_{\O} u^{p} ~dx \leq 4\alpha^{-1} |\del \O|\|u\|_{L^{\infty}(\O)}^2.
\]
Integration by parts and Theorem \ref{main} give us ultimately
\[
 p \int_{\O} |\nabla u|^2 ~dx = p \int_{\O} u(-\D u) ~dx =  p \int_{\O} u^{p+1} ~dx \leq 4 \alpha^{-1} |\del \O|\|u\|_{L^{\infty}(\O)}^2 \leq C,
\]
where $C$ depends only on $p_0$ and $\O$, by Theorem \ref{main}.

\end{proof}\medskip

\paragraph{\emph{Acknowledgements.} } N.K. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the Department of Mathematics, PUC-Rio, where part of the work was conducted. N.K. was also partially supported by Proyecto FONDECYT Iniciaci\'on No. 11160981. B.S. was partially supported by CNPq grant 401207/2014-5.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Stockbridge tops list of best places to live
Rebecca Myers
Sunday March 13 2016, 12.01am, The Sunday Times
ITS smorgasbord of delicatessens, butchers and fishmongers — not to mention some of the area's finest coffee shops — help make Stockbridge in Edinburgh the best place to live in Scotland, according to today's Sunday Times Best Places to Live in Britain guide.
This pretty corner in the north of the capital has won the accolade for its village feel, friendly locals, and top-rated primary school. For nature-lovers, the Royal Botanic Garden and wildlife spotting along the Water of Leith are on their doorstep.
Residents of Stockbridge, where the streets are pretty rather than grand, with three-bedroom flats starting at £320,000, insist it is the best place they have ever lived.
Dunblane, long synonymous with the school shootings of 20 years ago and now best


text:
Know your Akademi laureates — I&II
The Economic Times, December 13, 1987
As briefly mentioned in the previous column, all the recipients of the 1987 Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards for Hindustani vocal and instrumental music are still active on the performing stage. It is therefore about time that a summation of their life and career is briefly made this week.
Speaking, age-wise, about the laureates, C. R. Vyas, 63, should lead the list. It is during the last decade and a half that Vyas came into the limelight as a vocalist, composer and teacher. That is because he did not choose to be a professional performer in the conventional sense–in the sense that he was holding a job in a leading cigarette manufacturing company. He sought premature retirement from service to be able to devote himself completely to his cherished art in various ways.
Vyas had his initial training from Bhatambrekarbuva, an exponent of the Kirana gharana. Later, he sought guidance from Paradkarbuva and Mirashibuva, both veterans of the Gwalior gharana. Still later, Jagannathbuva Purohit, the celebrated performer, composer and teacher from the Agra gharana, gave him further grooming. In between, he was also associated with S. N. Ratanjankar, another scholar – musician, and his leading disciples like Nagarkar, Bhat and Ginde.
As a result, Vyas has imbibed in his singing the distinctive features of many diverse styles, although the influence of the Gwalior gayaki remains dominant.
Vyas has also made his presence felt as innovator of many ragas and compositions, which are known by his pen-name "Gunijan". A prominent and AIR and TV artiste, he participates in major musical in India. He has also undertaken concert tours abroad.
It is ironical but true with all her conspicuous musical gifts, the name of Shobha Gurtu, who recently turned 60, was not known to the extent it should, till the passing away of stalwarts of light classical music like Rasoolanbai, Siddheshwari Devi and Begum Akhtar. Better late than never, she has now rightly come to be acknowledged as the leading light in the field of thumri, ghazal and bhajan.
The uniqueness of Shobha's contribution is in the fact she has assimilated the spirit of the difficult musical idiom of the far-away Uttar Pradesh. She comes from Goa and therefore she was totally unfamiliar with the music and song tradition of Purab (Uttar Pradesh) which is known for the variety of its dialects of the Hindi language, their diction and delivery. In time to time, she could not only master them but also lend an element of individuality in shaping them in her own style.
Of course, Shobha has been an artiste with melody and rhythm running through her veins. Her mother, Menakabai Shirodkar, was a well-known singer and dancer. After learning the basics of singing from her mother, she had advanced guidance from Nathan Khan and Gamman Khan who, respectively, trained her in classical singing and light classical and popular vogues. After marriage, she was helped by her father-in-law, Narayan Nath Gurtu who was himself an eminent scholar-musician.
All said and done, however, Shobha's style and approach easily put her in a class by herself–as a self-taught artiste. Her expression is impassioned and innovative, too, but with its moorings firm in the Purabi tradition. Such is her versatility that she can conjure a tune on the spur of the moment and make her chosen song bloom with a new colour and sparkle.
A lyricist in her own right, she has also her credit a charming line-up thumris, ghazals and geets, which she occasionally presents to her listeners side by side with her traditional repertoire.
Jasraj, at 57, is the youngest of this year's Akademic winners in Hindustani vocal music. Although he strikes controversial in the content and presentation of his ragas, the fact remains that he is one of the few vocalists to have acquired an audience of his own.
Jasraj is also the youngest of three noted singing brothers–Maniram, Pratap Narayan and himself. All the three are the exponents of what is known as Mewati gayaki, of which Motiram, their father, was acknowledged as a pioneer. He started out as a percussionist and it was the eldest brother, Maniram, who shaped him as a vocalist.
Endowed with a sweet, mellifluous voice, Jasraj, invests his music with a communicative quality. He endears his audiences as much by his soulful alaps and imaginative bol-taans as by his intricate sargams and cascading taans. He is equally at ease in the rendition of devotional music.
Know your Akademi laureates — II
The sitar is by far one of the most celebrated concert instruments of North India – and possibly the most popular one as well.
There is probably in instrument that can hold a candle to it in point of expressiveness. Indeed, its manoeuvrability is so uncanny that in the hands of a skilled player, it can afford anything from a delicate nuance to a vigorous, powerful tone. Predictably, its versatile qualities have unleashed variety of styles and vogues, some of which sound controversial, even gimmicky.
Abdul Halim Jaffar Khan and Imrat Hussain Khan, who have won the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for instrumental music, rank among the top-notchers in sitar music and also often strike as controversial virtuosi. Abdul Halim Jaffar Khan, now 58, has inherited his art from his father, Jaffar Khan, who was a noted sitarist and beenkar of his time in Indore.
A brilliant improviser, he has composed many new ragas, besides playing melodies from both the Hindustani and Carnatic paramparas, with equal ease.
It is also his claim to have added a new technique of playing, which he calls "Jaffarkhani baaz", to the conventional "Razakhani" and "Masikhani" techniques.
He has also conceived and presented novel instrumental combinations, like the "Sitar Quintet" and has cut commercial discs of such innovations. He has a scholarly bent of mind and gives talks and lecture demonstrations on music both at home and abroad. He is a popular performer in the concert hall and on radio and television.
Imrat Hussain Khan is the younger brother of the maestro Vilayat Khan and also his disciple. Scion of an illustrious house of stalwarts, he represents the sixth generation of leading lights, which traces its origin to the grand period of the Moghuls.
Like his illustrious brother, Imrat Khan is also a staunch proponent of what has come to be known as "gayaki ang" in instrumental music. Lyrical beauty and technical perfection are among the shining facets of his playing.
It is Imrat Khan's distinction that he excels in the playing of the surbahar, a difficult instrument which resembles the sitar but has almost gone out of vogue. To this writer, Imrat Khan makes a deeper impact with his surbahar than with his sitar.
Imrat Khan makes frequent sojourns abroad and, for this reason, the concert appearances of the 57-year-old virtuoso are relatively less frequent in India's musical citadels.
Finally, call it an after thought – but I find it necessary to make mention of the name of Ram Marathe from Maharashtra, who also figures in the roll of honour of the Akademi laureates for his contribution to Marathi stage music. For two good reasons, Marathe merits mention, first because he is basically a Hindustani classical vocalist, who switched over to stage acting and singing. Secondly, as is now well known, the tradition of Marathi stage music has its unshakeable moorings in Hindustani music.
Sixty-three year-old Ram Marathe, interestingly, started his career as a child actor on the Marathi silver screen and captured the hearts of cine-goers by his varied singing and acting roles. Later, he underwent professional grooming in traditional music from noted masters like Manohar Barve and Krishnarao Phulambrikar, popularly known as Master Krishnarao, who himself earned name and fame later as a versatile composer and music director on the Marathi stage as well as screen.
Marathe's association with Bal Gandharva and several other leading thespians of our time, mostly in the role of singing hero, brought him tremendous popularity in Maharashtra.
Musicians lead Academic laureates
Specialised studies in traditional music
Awards for city stalwarts
Rhythms of the Heart – Alla Rakha
Pandit Shankarrao Vyas: His Life And Work


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text:
package SOAP::Lite::Deserializer::XMLSchemaSOAP1_2;
use strict;
use SOAP::Lite::Deserializer::XMLSchemaSOAP1_1;

sub anyTypeValue { 'anyType' }

sub as_boolean; *as_boolean = \&SOAP::Lite::Deserializer::XMLSchemaSOAP1_1::as_boolean;
sub as_base64 { shift; require MIME::Base64; MIME::Base64::decode_base64(shift) }

BEGIN {
    no strict 'refs';
    for my $method (qw(
        anyType
        string float double decimal dateTime timePeriod gMonth gYearMonth gYear
        century gMonthDay gDay duration recurringDuration anyURI
        language integer nonPositiveInteger negativeInteger long int short byte
        nonNegativeInteger unsignedLong unsignedInt unsignedShort unsignedByte
        positiveInteger date time
    )) {
        my $name = 'as_' . $method;
        *$name = sub { $_[1] };
    }
}

1;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub