text:
Camping and Outdoor Education
Immigrant Services
Anti-Racism DONATE NOW ☰
× Programs & Services How You Can Help Re-Opening Health & Fitness Employment Stay Healthy Employment Help for Newcomers Children's Programs Child Care Camping and Outdoor Education Virtual Camps New Youth Programs Older Adults
Give hope for a brighter future
Your donation helps people persevere through the pandemic and rebuild stronger in its wake.
Thanks to supporters like you, our YMCA can continue providing:
Shelter for
homeless youth
in need
Child care for
Help finding
a new job
Community for
lonely seniors
Settlement support
The YMCA of Greater Toronto is a charity that ignites the potential in people, helping them grow, lead and give back to their communities.
Whether it gives shelter to homeless youth, empowers a new Canadian, or unlocks a teen's leadership potential, your gift helps build a brighter future for all of us.
Read on for a closer look at the ways you can help make a difference in your community, or contact us directly to learn about the many ways you can give to the Y: giving@ymcagta.org or (647) 960-1109.
A closer look at the impact you can make in your community
Give a homeless teen a warm meal and safe place to sleep
Vulnerable youth can't stay safe at home. You can give them shelter — and wraparound supports to help them build brighter futures — at The Wagner Green YMCA (formerly Vanauley Street YMCA) and YMCA Sprott House.
YMCA Sprott House is a safe, inclusive home for 2SLGBTQ+ youth transitioning from homelessness.
Vanauley Street YMCA is a shelter and drop-in centre for street-involved and precariously-housed youth.
"Sprott House saved me from homelessness. It's a place where I could be myself and comfortable with my orientation. The staff have been a massive help for me emotionally and socially."
—Gabriel, Sprott House resident
"I was lost and without a roof over my head. I found the Vanauley St. YMCA, and since then, the staff have helped me apply for college as well as getting my benefits working. Since I've been here, I've felt okay and relaxed. You have made me feel at home."
—Justin, Vanauley Street resident
Your support means at-risk youth like Gabriel and Justin can access wraparound supports including:
Employment, education, and mental health counseling and referrals to our community partners
Help navigating medical, legal, and government services
Support finding stable housing, returning to education, finding employment, and developing financial literacy
Substance use and harm reduction support
Extend a vital lifeline to our city's most vulnerable youth.
Help give them an inclusive place where they have a chance to set themselves up for a brighter future.
Show Youth You Care
Help feed families and students in need
While growing numbers of people cannot afford to eat, over 40% of food banks have had to close. Through food drives, meal prep programs, and partnerships with our communities, Y supporters are helping address the food insecurity that's been exacerbated by the pandemic.
"On a weekly basis now, I visit two teens living in an apartment in Brampton. You have helped me deliver hope, care, kindness, and compassion to these youth who needed all of those things. So, thank you for the fruit and the bread and the milk. But thank you the most for allowing me to partner with you to make our community stronger."
—Vice Principal who uses the Peel Student Nutrition program operating out of a YMCA Child Care centre to bring food to students in need.
Together with our partners, the Y has provided over 1 million meals to students who would otherwise go hungry.
Y supporters have donated almost 25,000 pounds of non-perishables for local food banks through our Drive-Thru Food Drives.
Every week, our staff at Metro Hall prepare 1,000 individual meals for our long-time partner Second Harvest.
In partnership with the Mississauga Food Bank, Daily Bread Food Bank, and North York Harvest Food Bank, we've opened four "YMCA Pantry pop-ups," redeploying our centres and our staff so we can operate as emergency food banks.
YMCA Cedar Glen Outdoor Centre has been redeployed as a food storage and sorting facility, with Y staff packaging food for the Food Bank of York Region.
Bring nutritious meals to people who need them most.
Join our community of Y supporters so we can continue delivering our food security programs.
Put parents at ease
Many people — including essential workers — can't do their jobs from home. During the pandemic, over 500 children received free YMCA Emergency Child Care while their parents worked on the frontlines.
"As essential workers, having someone to take care of what we cherish most, our children, was a huge load off our shoulders. We felt we could go face our work with confidence that the girls were being cared for emotionally, were being entertained, taught, and given a safe space. They have both thrived at the Y."
—Parents who used YMCA Emergency Child Care.
COVID-19 kicked off a "she-cession," potentially setting women back decades in terms of their ability to bring their talents and expertise to our workforce. One barrier is that child care responsibilities continue to fall disproportionately to women. As the largest not-for-profit child care provider in Canada, we know how critical this service is for our economic recovery.
Throughout the pandemic, we've been caring for the children of essential workers — nurses, doctors, police, firefighters, personal support workers, grocery store staff, and so many more. Moving forward, we'll continue our 50-year-long legacy of delivering and advocating for more high-quality, affordable child care, so more families who need and want it have this option available to them.
When you give to the Y, you ensure our charity can continue serving neighbourhoods across the GTA through the pandemic and beyond.
Spark opportunity for someone who lost their job
COVID-19 has led to unprecedented layoffs, EI applications, and financial struggle for many. 9,349 people have relied on YMCA Employment Services to help them find new work opportunities during the pandemic.
"I used to be a freelance artist working at schools and doing shows in the community. When the pandemic hit, I had to rely on CERB and eventually, I was no longer eligible. I turned to the Y and found a career counselor who really understood my situation and, most importantly, understood me as an individual. She believed in me when I felt like no one else did — not even myself."
"Within 48 hours, the Y Employment team had helped me find an opportunity, and I got the job in less than a week. I can honestly say the YMCA gave the greatest support I could have asked for and helped me make a new and better life for myself."
—Akeem, former participant in Y Employment Services who is now employed!
Brighten a lonely senior's day
Isolation is peaking among older adults, who are doing their best to protect themselves with some of the strictest physical distancing measures of us all. On our new online community, The Bright Spot, they can meet new people, exercise, enjoy their favourite activities, and try some new ones.
"I can't tell you how much it meant to me to be a part of your group. Me and my daughter have been doing your online group fitness videos together all winter long, all through the COVID restrictions. And we continue to do so still. When we first began, it was just remarkable that we could be together and exercise, since she lives in Toronto and I'm in Winnipeg. Leslie and I normally spend a lot of time together, we travel together, we visit each other, and we're back and forth between Toronto and Winnipeg a lot and we were really missing being together. You've certainly filled a gap for us and we're forever grateful. I want to thank you all very much!"
—Gwen, Bright Spot participant
Since the start of the pandemic, we've been keeping in touch with our older community members over the phone, and they've shone a light on several things they need and want. They told us they're having a hard time getting groceries, connecting with friends and loved ones, and maintaining routines like walking that they usually rely on to stay healthy, both physically and mentally.
The Bright Spot is our response. This online community offers everything from exercise classes and small online group discussions to trivia nights and mindfulness tutorials. By adding a little structure and a ton of fun to seniors' days, we want to make their "new normal" feel a whole lot more comfortable.
Spark a connection. Your support means older adults can fill their days with engaging activities, new connections, and a sense of community.
Build Community
Welcome a newcomer and ease their transition to life in Canada
Settling in a new country is challenging enough without a pandemic. Some newcomers are adjusting to an entirely new language and culture, while others have fled war, violence, and other challenges as refugees. At the Y, they find the support they need to start building a brighter future.
"All my worries washed away as I walked into YMCA Immigrant Services. The staff were very friendly, which made me feel relaxed and comfortable. I was encouraged to sign up for the Enhanced Language Training (ELT) program, which is an eight-week class that helps immigrants strengthen their English.
But it taught me so much more than words. I learned about Canadian customs, behaviours, and rules — key things people need to know to succeed with a job search and, eventually, at work.
The program also includes a six-week volunteer placement, which I completed at a secondary school doing administrative work. This position expanded my network and connections in Toronto. It also gave me Canadian experience to add to my resume.
I am very grateful for all of the YMCA's support in helping me improve my language skills and gain volunteer experience."
— Nazanin, YMCA Immigrant Services participant
Opportunities you can help open for newcomers
YMCA Immigrant Services are available online and in person, free of charge, to make sure new Canadians can find work, get education and training, improve their language skills, access legal and social services, learn about their new community, and find belonging.
Younger immigrants join our Newcomer Youth Leadership Development program to build a network of new friends and adult allies. Team-building exercises, practice speaking English, professional skills development, volunteerism, sports and rec activities, leadership conferences, internships, and so much more help them build skills for a brighter future.
YMCA of Greater Toronto Area 2020. All rights reserved.
Charitable registration number 11930 7080 RR0001


text:
HealthCius
Healthcius for Doctors
Healthcius for Corporates
HealthCius for Insurance
HealthCius germinated from a simple thought, "How can we make taking care of our health easier?". Today, health plans of all kinds (medical prescriptions, preventive healthcare plans, gym routines etc) suffer from 1 basic limitation – their practice is not measurable and therefore not actionable. HealthCius will change that.
We work with healthcare institutions to help them transform healthcare by gamifying their health plans at a minute level. From the medications someone has to take to the lifestyle habits they need to monitor, from instructional videos to progress reports, HealthCius has woven all aspects of managing one's health into a simple game that you play every day.
We help our partners not just with technology but with critical support functions like sharing of latest best practices, data analytics, content curation and campaigns.
Adityatej Singh Dhaliwal
Co Founder & CEO
Aditya has over 12 years of rich experience in General Management as a Tata Administrative Service (TAS) manager. In his last role, he was heading CRM for Taj Hotels and was responsible for revamping the loyalty programmes of the Taj leading to doubling of revenue in 2 years. In his time with TAS, he has spearheaded many new product launches across industries. He is an avid fitness enthusiast and brings forth years of research in the area of wellness.
Aditya is an alumnus of the Indian School of Business and graduated from his MBA programme as a part of the Dean's list. He completed his engineering from Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology and was ranked 1st in his stream of Electronics & Communications engineering.
Zoheb Ahmed
Co founder & CTO
Zoheb's journey from a developer to a software architect has spanned 13 years and has taken him through the industry domains of health insurance, ecommerce and telecom. He has taken products from ideas to running software and has been a champion of Agile software methodologies. From a behemoth like SAP to a startup like Dynacommerce, he has been a valued top talent across the 5 companies that he has worked with.
Zoheb is a Computer Sciences engineer from Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology and completed his executive MBA from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta.
Copyright © Healthcius Services PVT. LTD. | Email: support@healthcius.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
COPE, Marmaduke Cooper, 1804-1897
Revision as of 15:52, 21 June 2007 by Kblument (Talk | contribs)
Marmaduke Cooper Cope
Alternative names:
Birthdate: 3 July 1804
Nationality: US
Spouse(s): Sarah Wistar
Meeting: 12th Street Meeting (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Branch: Pre/Orthodox
Disowned date:
Death date: 5 September 1897
Place of death: Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.
Marmaduke Cooper Cope (July 3, 1804 - September 5, 1897) helped to organize the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia, Pa.
Marmaduke Cooper Cope was the son of Israel and Margaret Cooper Cope. He was educated at Westtown School. In 1828, he married Sarah Wistar.
A member and elder at 12th Street Meeting in Philadelphia, Cope made his house home to entertainment for visiting Friends, especially those from England. Following the Civil War, Marmaduke Cooper Cope and his wife visited impoverished Friends in the South. With James E. Rhoads, Cope also visited agencies in the Indian Territory (later Oklahoma).
Having retired from business to give time to philanthropy, Marmaduke Cooper Cope helped to organize the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia.
Works by
"The conversions of early Friends" from Friends Review, 29(1876):385, 411, W9.
Friends Intelligencer, 54:630.
The Am. Friend, 4:1040.
Cope, A record of the Cope family, p. 114.
Cope, A tribute to the memory of Sarah W. Cope.
Retrieved from "http://web.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/speccoll/dictionary/index.php/COPE,_Marmaduke_Cooper,_1804-1897"
Category: Quakers of Philadelphia


text:
Q: how cover dmlexeption on test class? i have to write test for delete record i tries this code
Apex:
public class modalaction{
public string cid{get;set;}
    public void deletecon(){
        Contact cons = [select id,firstname,lastname,email from contact where id=:cid];
        system.debug('con:'+cons );
        delete cons;
    }
}

Test Class
modalaction modal = new modalaction();
 modal.first='p';
       modal.last='test';
        modal.em = 'test@gmail.com';
    contact c = new contact();
    c.firstname = 'p';
    c.lastname = 'test';
    c.email = 'test@gmail.com';
    insert c;
 modal.cid = c.id;
    Contact cons = [select id,firstname,lastname,email from contact where id=:c.id];
    system.debug(+cons);
    delete cons;
    modal.deletecon();

Error:

System.QueryException: List has no rows for assignment to SObject

A: You should really read this documentation about testing in Salesforce.
The error you get means that your deletecon method can't find any record with the id linked to its cid variable.
And this is totally normal, because in your test, before calling the deletecon method, you delete the contact record. You just have to create a contact record, assign its id to the cid variable, then call the deletecon method. Finally, check with assert if the delete worked:
contact c = new contact();
c.firstname = 'p';
c.lastname = 'test';
c.email = 'test@gmail.com';
insert c;

modal.cid = c.id;
modal.deletecon();

System.assertEquals(0, [SELECT COUNT() FROM Contact WHERE Id = :c.Id]);

A: As per your code.
modalaction modal = new modalaction();
 modal.first='p';
       modal.last='test';
        modal.em = 'test@gmail.com';
    contact c = new contact();
    c.firstname = 'p';
    c.lastname = 'test';
    c.email = 'test@gmail.com';
    insert c;
 modal.cid = c.id;
    Contact cons = [select id,firstname,lastname,email from contact where id=:c.id];
    system.debug(+cons);
    delete cons; //Cons u manually deleted
    modal.deletecon();//Now trying to delete via method

As you are deleting contact in test class via delete cons, and then calling your class method to delete it again, you are getting the list has no rows for assignment . Which is obvious.
Quickfix, remove the delete cons; line in your test class

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Partition Manager Express is one free verion for Paragon Partition Manager, it can discover why we hold a global market share in data safety technology with our latest Free Partitioning Software.
LanTopolog is a freeware software that provides physical network topology discovery, visualization and monitoring.
Do you want to put your DVD movies on your iTouch? Well, this Emicsoft DVD to iTouch Converter provides the easiest way to rip DVD movies to your iTouch and iTouch 2.
InFormEnter is a convenient add-on for Firefox that adds a small, clickable icon next to every input field in a web form, from where you can select the item to be inserted - no typing required.
Panopticum Lens Pro II for Adobe Photoshop is a collection of Adobe Photoshop plug-ins which allow you to quickly and easily create various images of lenses and crystals.


Why is (213)217-9999 Calling Me?
213-217-9999 often shows up on caller ID as (213)217-9999, is located in the 213 area code. Click here to call 2132179999 and ask them why they keep calling your phone or submit a report on a caller from (213) 217-9999 today on our form.


The Betway Premier League travels to the Manchester Arena this Thursday night, and it promises to be a captivating evening as Michael van Gerwen takes to the stage twice. The world number one faces a double-header against James Wade and Raymond van Barneveld and he looks a good bet to take a maximum four points.
It's also a big night for Jelle Klaasen and Kim Huybrechts who both need at least a point from their respective matches against Adrian Lewis and Gary Anderson to survive in the Premier League. The duo are bottom of the table and three points adrift of Dave Chisnall, who has played an extra game. Both will hope to stay in contention for next week's judgement night, but both face tough tasks.
Klaasen was beaten on 7-3 on home soil in Rotterdam last week by James Wade, but has revealed the wrist problems which have dogged his performances this season. He'll be up against Jackpot Adrian Lewis this week, who picked up a 7-3 win against Kim Huybrechts last Thursday night. The Belgian ace tries his hand against Gary Anderson in Manchester, who was left reeling after a superb performance from Raymond van Barneveld in front of a vocal crowd. Barney raced away with a 7-2 win, but it has left the Flying Scotsman with plenty of work to do to force his way up the table.
Anderson is among a trio of players – including Adrian Lewis and Phil Taylor – who sit on seven points, and could easily get dragged into an elimination battle if results go against them.
Michael van Gerwen is a best price of 33/50 1.66 -152 0.66 -1.52 0.66 with BoyleSports to complete a double on the night, and it's hard to see him missing a beat.
The Dutchman showed his class last week in Rotterdam, coming from 3-0 down against old adversary Taylor to win 7-4 to the delight of the home crowd. He admitted afterwards that neither man played at their best, but MVG still hit an average of 100.50 and landed 77% of checkouts.
Wade is third in the Premier League with eight points and took out the opener in Rotterdam with the minimum of fuss against Klaasen. However, an average of 94.32 is in line with his tournament average of 94.24 – the second worst so far in the competition. Mighty Mike has beaten Wade on each of their last six meetings and leads the head-to-head 24-14.
MVG also has a strong head-to-head against countryman van Barneveld, having won the last four meetings and 27-16 overall. Barney was majestic last week in front of a raucous Rotterdam crowd, hitting five 180s and nailing an average of 103.71 in smashing Gary Anderson 7-2, but he won't have such emotional support here.
Anderson is worth backing to get his Premier League season back on track at 11/25 1.44 -227 0.44 -2.27 0.44 with 188Bet and Paddy Power to beat Huybrechts.
Anderson is second only in the tournament average stakes to MVG. The Scotsman has hit an average of 102.23 so far this season, but still finds himself 6th in the table with just 7 points. Kim Huybrechts has a tournament average of 96.21 by comparison, and is yet to win a Premier League game this season.
The Belgian hit just 90.17 in his 7-3 defeat to Adrian Lewis last week, and his hopes of getting the point he needs to stay in Premier League contention look slim. Anderson is fancied to take two points to move out of danger of elimination and get his play off hopes back on track.
Finally Adrian Lewis is another worth backing at 57/100 1.57 -175 0.57 -1.75 0.57 with 32Red and Coral to beat Jelle Klaasen.
The Dutchman is playing through the pain barrier at the moment after admitting he may need surgery for an ongoing battle with tendonitis in his wrist. He also said that he can only get five or six legs into a game before he starts to feel it and his 'levels drop'. That makes life incredibly difficult for Klaasen, and Lewis is playing too well not to take advantage.
The Jackpot is 5th in the table with seven points, and like Anderson, has a great opportunity to stave of the possibility of elimination and move closer to a play off position.


The Advanced tab to release makes it easy to release and re-use of the ties, if in the development, manufacturing or service on site changes are to be expected.This text is machine translated.
Chuck with anti-twist protection. Connector consists of housing, contact insert, chuck and clamping nut.


In my previous Git posts (here and here), I noted that one of the things I found really helpful was creating aliases to move around more quickly within Git.
$ git ci and $git st are nice ways to commit and check the status of my Git repo based on aliases I defined in my .gitconfig file, but I was curious if I could go even faster.
I decided to dedicate my g-key to git and added several additional keyboard shortcuts that I've found myself using even more frequently than the aliases in my .gitconfig file.
alias gh="git log --pretty=format:'%h %ad | %s%d [%an]' --graph --date=short"
As I get comfortable with the terminal, the hardest part for me is navigating through my directory tree. Since I had some pretty common destinations, I decided to make shortcuts using an alias. I updated my ~/.bash_profile file to include the following Directory shortcuts.
The shortest section of my .bash_profile right now is my command shortcuts section. I imagine it will grow in time as i realize more and more things that I can do with the terminal and find myself typing the same command in over and over.
Right now, the only thing I have saved is a command to reload my profile when I make changes.
Your .bash_profile file is located in your user's directory, but as the . indicates, it's hidden.
$ ls -a # Lists all of the contents within the directory; the -a option means that it will not ignore entries starting with .
It appears that I have separate profiles for anaconda, which is a program for python and pysave. Then there's .bashrc. I found Josh Staiger's write up on the difference between .bash_profile and bashrc to be really easy to follow.
When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the —login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bashprofile, ~/.bashlogin, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. The —noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
When a login shell exits, bash reads and executes commands from the files ~/.bashlogout and /etc/bash.bashlogout, if the files exists.
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists. This may be inhibited by using the —norc option. The —rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.
As Josh notes, however, MacOS defaults to a login shell by default, and therefore first looks at .bash_profile.
All of this means that I might optimize later, should I use Linux, by migrating my config commands to .bashrc, but for now, .bash_profile works well because I'm on a Mac.


Stephanie's creativity and passion for sewing stems from her family. She was raised surrounded by the talents of her mother, grandmother, and aunts, all accomplished seamstresses. Her grandmother even made dresses for Stephanie and her siblings to wear every holiday and special occasion. It's not a surprise that Stephanie to began hand sewing at an early age and, with those initial projects, discovered a joy in the making process that continued into young adulthood.
In her 20's, Stephanie began sewing more seriously and embarked on many extensive home décor projects such as window treatments, pillows, and aprons. However, it wasn't until the holiday season of 2007, when she decided to make all her gifts for friends and family, that she considered selling her handmade creations. Finding herself sewing a giant pile of coffee cup cozies, one of her earliest original designs, with a friend, Stephanie realized that the only greater satisfaction than making one hand sewn object is to make more. She decided to try selling her items at a local farmer's market all while she maintained an office job during the day. Stephanie spent nights sewing and weekends showing and selling her work at local craft fairs in the Boston area to great success. The more she sewed and saw how happy her work made the people around her, the more she wanted to spend all her time focusing on her craft.
It was also around this time that Stephanie began working as the Executive Director of Roslindale Village Main Street, a non-profit organization with the mission to strengthen the economic vitality, physical appearance, and unique local character of the Roslindale neighborhood of Boston. Through her work with RVMS she learned the ins and outs of how small local businesses operate and she gained a tremendous amount of experience in many aspects of customer service and public relations, great skills for any small business owner. Her work with the organization was successful and gave her the confidence to strike out on her own, however, the decision to become a full-time craftsperson did not happen overnight for Stephanie. It was the result of many hours of researching, planning and strategizing, though the fuel for her efforts came from knowing where she found her greatest happiness.
The studio at 7 Green Street in Jamaica Plain opened in the spring of 2013 and Stephanie became a full time maker and creative small business owner. Work at the studio has always focused on custom projects as getting to work one on one with clients is one Stephanie's favorite parts of the job. At first, the studio was centered around custom home decor work for Boston locals. However, as the business grew, so did Stephanie's interest in quilting. In 2016, just in time for the studio's three year anniversary, Stephanie transitioned her work to match her passion, focusing on custom memory quilts.
Like Stephanie, studio assistant Sylvia Tomayko-Peters grew up in a creative family and has been drawing, sewing, and writing since she before she can remember. Raised by two visual artist parents on the windy sand dunes of Cape Cod, Sylvia knew that making would always be a part of her life. After earning a BFA at Brown University, focusing on Digital Media and Digital Art, Sylvia felt like it was time to ditch the computer screen and return to her roots: working with her hands. She moved to Somerville, MA in 2014 and started working with Stephanie not long after.
When she's not helping at the studio, Sylvia also runs Middle Dune, her own handmade paper goods and book binding business.
Welcome to Stephanie Cave Design Studio! We're a small custom quilting and sewing studio located in Boston, MA. Stephanie Cave, who has sewn since she was old enough to pick up a needle, opened the studio in 2013, following her dream to become a creative business owner and full time maker. Growing out of custom home interior work, our studio now focuses on Stephanie's true sewing passion - quilting. All our projects, designed and handmade entirely at SCDS, range from custom memory and photograph quilts to ready made throws and wall hangings. We also offer a variety of other services from quilt repair and long arm quilting to custom embroidery and private lessons.
We work one-on-one with clients to craft memory quilts, wall hangings, and pillows from t-shirts, other textiles, and photographs. Through careful consultation and a time honored craft we produce unique and thoughtful quilts that preserve memories for generations to come. For more information, see our Custom Quilts.
In addition to custom work, we offer a variety of quilts that are ready to purchase. These quilts are designed and handmade with care in our JP studio. Our ready made quilts feature designs that we loved so much, we couldn't make just one. To view our current selection, see our Ready Made Quilts shop.


(2016) The first European-Mediterranean Conference in Structural Engineering and Construction.
(2016) 4th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure.
(2015) International Cycling Safety Conference 2015.


Dr. Long has worked in nursing education since 2002 at Kennesaw State University then with Walden University School of Nursing since Spring 2010 beginning in the RN to BSN, RN to MSN, then to the DNP and PHD programs. In March of 2016 she began working as a full time core faculty assuming the role of Interim research coordinator. She currently works as full time core faculty and PhD interim research coordinator for the PhD Nursing program.


A voluntary survey was sent to practicing and out-of-training members of the ASNR. Four hundred thirty-two respondents across a broad range of experience reported: 93% with workdays extending at least 1 hour past expected; 71.9% reading more cases per hour compared with previous years; 79.5% sometimes-to-always interpreting cases faster than comfortable for optimal interpretation; and 67.8% sometimes or more often with inadequate time to discuss abnormal results. Burnout symptoms ranged between 49% and 75%. The trends and the correlations should be concerning to the leaders of radiology and warrant further monitoring.
Conventional 3T MR imaging was used to assess 499 fighters (boxers, mixed martial artists, and martial artists) and 62 controls for nonspecific WM changes, cerebral microhemorrhage, cavum septum pellucidum, and cavum vergae. Fighters had an increased prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhage (4.2% versus 0% for controls), cavum septum pellucidum (53.1% versus 17.7% for controls), and cavum vergae (14.4% versus 0% for controls). This study assessed MR imaging findings in a large cohort demonstrating a significantly increased prevalence of cavum septum pellucidum among fighters. Although cerebral microhemorrhages were higher in fighters than in controls, this finding was not statistically significant.
The authors evaluated 37 journal articles that included 985 patients with MS who had MR imaging in which T1-weighted postcontrast sequences were compared with noncontrast sequences obtained during the same MR imaging examination by using ROI analysis of individual MS lesions. DTI-based fractional anisotropy values were significantly different between enhancing and nonenhancing lesions, with enhancing lesions showing decreased FA. None of the other most frequently studied MR imaging biomarkers (mean diffusivity, magnetization transfer ratio, or ADC) were significantly different between enhancing and nonenhancing lesions. They conclude that noncontrast MR imaging techniques, such as DTI-based FA, can assess MS lesion acuity without gadolinium.
The authors evaluated 17 patients with stroke who underwent brain diffusional kurtosis imaging within 4 days after the onset of symptoms. Neurologic evaluation included the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor scale in the acute phase and 3 months poststroke. The largest percentage signal changes of the lesioned hemisphere corticospinal tract were observed with axial kurtosis, with an average 12% increase compared with the contralateral corticospinal tract. The strongest associations between the 3-month Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor scale score and diffusion metrics were found for the lesioned/contralateral hemisphere corticospinal tract mean kurtosis and axial kurtosis ratios. They conclude that diffusion metrics related to kurtosis were found to be more sensitive than conventional diffusivity metrics to early poststroke corticospinal tract microstructural changes.
The authors intended to treat 33 aneurysms between January 2010 and December 2015 with temporary stent-assisted coiling, which formed the series for this study. Incidental and acutely ruptured aneurysms were included. Sufficient occlusion was achieved in 97.1% of the cases. In 94%, the stent could be fully recovered. Complications occurred in 5 patients (14.7%). They conclude that temporary stent-assisted coiling is an effective technique for the treatment of wide-neck aneurysms. Safety is comparable with that of stent-assisted coiling and coiling with balloon remodeling.
This study included 47 patients from 10 centers presenting between January 2009 through April 2016with acute neck pain or tenderness and at least 1 cervical image showing unclassified carotid abnormalities. The authors conducted a systematic, retrospective study of their medical charts and diagnostic and follow-up imaging. All patients presented with acute neck pain, and 8 presented with transient neurologic symptoms. Imaging showed an eccentric pericarotidian infiltration in all patients. An intimal soft plaque was noted in 16 patients, and a mild luminal narrowing was noted in 16 patients. The authors conclude that this study improves the description of an unclassified, clinico-radiologic entity, which could be described by the proposed acronym: Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid artery (TIPIC) syndrome.
Nonmicrocephalic Infants with Congenital Zika Syndrome Suspected Only after Neuroimaging Evaluation Compared with Those with Microcephaly at Birth and Postnatally: How Large Is the Zika Virus "Iceberg"?
3D T2-SPACE versus T2-FSE or T2 Gradient Recalled-Echo: Which Is the Best Sequence?


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State v. Chinn
State v. Eubanks
I believe that he was fully capable of distinguishing between right and wrong, appreciating the natural…
State v. Ketchens
He argues that the effect of this order was to clear the way for a defense of insanity and to preclude the…
Full title:STATE OF LOUISIANA v. LOUIS CHINN
Court:Supreme Court of Louisiana
229 La. 984 (La. 1956)
87 So. 2d 315
Supreme Court of Louisiana
November 7, 1955. On Rehearing March 26, 1956.
APPEAL FROM EIGHTEENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT, PARISH OF WEST BATON ROUGE, STATE OF LOUISIANA, HONORABLE PAUL B. LANDRY, JR., J.
Daniel P. Kimball, T. C. Strickland, Jr., Port Allen, Ralph L. Roy, Baton Rouge, for appellant.
Fred S. LeBlanc, Atty. Gen., M. E. Culligan, Asst. Atty. Gen., Ferd C. Claiborne, Dist. Atty., New Roads, Charles H. Dameron, Asst. Dist. Atty., Baton Rouge, for appellee.
FOURNET, Chief Justice.
The defendant, Louis Chinn, having been convicted on an indictment charging him with the murder of Dominick Boeta and sentenced to death in the electric chair, prosecutes this appeal, relying for the reversal thereof on a number of errors alleged to have been committed during the trial, ten of which have been perfected in bills of exceptions. In order that these various bills may be properly understood, we deem it necessary to go in some detail into the facts of the case as disclosed by the record before us.
It appears that the accused, who is an average uneducated Negro of 25 or 26, had been, for many years, doing odd jobs around a combination ice house, fruit exchange, and produce loading platform in Baton Rouge, including part time work as a helper on the truck Dominick Boeta operated in peddling fruit and vegetables through Baton Rouge and on plantations across the river from that city. On the morning of Friday, April 30, 1954, he had been working around the exchange for several hours when Boeta, going there for supplies, asked Chinn to accompany him on his rounds, which Chinn did, driving the truck part of the time and assisting in peddling.
The trip through the south part of Baton Rouge proved to be unprofitable and Beta returned to the exchange to obtain garbage and proceeded across the river to feed hogs he kept there, stopping along the way to peddle. After making the rounds through the Negro quarters of Catherine, Allendale, and Smithfield plantations, he arrived at the place where the hogs were kept around 7:00 p.m. On leaving he noticed the tail light was out and, at his instruction, this was fixed by Chinn. However, the truck seemed to be giving other trouble and a stop was made at a service station around 8:30 p.m., where work was done that later proved to be inadequate. Returning through Westover plantation, and when a point near Mullato Bend along the river road had been reached around 11:00 p.m., all of the truck lights went out and Beta got out of the truck to investigate. While standing at the back of the truck Chinn hit him in the head with an iron hammer used in opening crates, and he fell to the ground. While lying there, Chinn hit him several additional times, and, as he continued to groan and move about, twisted his (Chinn's) belt around Boeta's neck. He then put Beta in the truck and drove with him back through Allendale. He threw the hammer away in a cane field enroute, some seven miles away from the place where he hit Beta, and finally left the body, still breathing, in the weeds by the side of the road at the foot of the levee near the bridge. He removed from Boeta's pocket some $10 in paper money, and from a purse attached to a money belt around his waist approximately three dollars in change. Driving across the bridge on the return to Baton Rouge, he threw the purse (in which was contained papers belonging to Beta) into the river. He abandoned the truck near the ship docks in Baton Rouge, threw the keys away to prevent pursuit, walked to the bus station, and caught a bus for New Orleans around 1:00 in the morning. He was picked up in New Orleans around 7:00 a.m., Sunday, May 2, 1954, in front of the home of a man who employed him occasionally and who had been alerted by Baton Rouge police (who had discovered the abandoned, bloodsoaked truck, and had no way of knowing the crime had been committed in West Baton Rouge Parish) to be on the lookout for him.
After his arrest Chinn was taken to the homicide office of the New Orleans Police Department and there made a written confession in the presence of two New Orleans officers and three from Baton Rouge, who had come down to pick him up. Learning from the confession where Boeta's body had been left, the officials of West Baton Rouge Parish were contacted and the officers from Baton Rouge turned Chinn over to officials from that parish at Gonzales. These officers returned Chinn to Baton Rouge via Donaldsonville for his protection.
Present at the time were Desk Sgt. James Ernest LaVergne (who typed the confession as it was made) and homicide officer John Delpuget (who made the arrest), members of the New Orleans police force; Lt. H. G. Leach and deputies Earl L. Guss and Tom W. Henderson from the office of the Sheriff of East Baton Rouge Parish.
Later that day, in the Baton Rouge jail, Chinn again confessed to the crime, the confession being preserved on tape recording. Two days later, on May 4, while being questioned by the district attorney and sheriff of West Baton Rouge Parish, as well as other officials, Chinn requested that he be left alone with two of these officials and to them admitted he had not told the whole truth at the time of his two previous confessions since the beating of Beta had occurred on Westover plantation, not Allendale, and he had used as the weapon an iron crate hammer, not a piece of iron pipe used as a car jack handle, as he had first said. When the hammer could not be found at the point indicated by Chinn, he was again questioned the following morning, and gave more explicit instructions that led to its discovery. Chinn then sent for the district attorney of West Baton Rouge Parish and, at the request of Chinn, a third and more complete confession was tape-recorded May 7, 1954.
Present at the time was the district attorney of West Baton Rouge Parish, his secretary, the sheriff and a deputy from that parish, and the operator of the recording machine, who was a deputy sheriff of East Baton Rouge parish.
Present at this time were the district attorney of West Baton Rouge Parish and his secretary, a deputy sheriff of that parish, a lieutenant of the East Baton Rouge Parish sheriff's office, and the same deputy who had previously done the recording.
The accused was charged by indictment with the murder of Beta and arraigned September 14, 1954. On that same day counsel appointed by the court to represent him entered a plea of "not guilty" in his behalf. On the next day, stating they had reasonable grounds to believe the accused "is insane or mentally defective to the extent that he is unable to understand the proceedings against him or to assist in his defense," requested a hearing to determine the defendant's mental condition, and that the court, after such hearing, appoint "qualified experts to examine the defendant, and inquire into his present mental condition and report their findings" to the court. In accordance with this request, which was granted, counsel were permitted to file a written plea of "present insanity," and after the preliminary hearing, the court, by order of September 17, 1954, appointed a lunacy commission composed of Dr. E. M. Robards, superintendent of the East Louisiana State Hospital for the mentally ill; Dr. L. F. Magruder, a well-known psychiatrist of Baton Rouge; and Dr. Paul B. Landry, Sr., coroner of West Baton Rouge Parish, to examine the "present mental condition and sanity of the accused." And although this commission returned to the court a unanimous opinion to the effect that Chinn's mentality was of such a low grade it interfered "with his ability to choose between right and wrong, and as such should be considered legally insane," the court, after a full hearing on October 21, 1954, during which all three experts, lay witnesses, and the accused were examined, denied the plea of present insanity and ordered the defendant to stand trial. (Emphasis supplied.)
This ruling forms the basis for the first bill reserved, and, because of its importance, and particularly in view of the report of the commission, we have given it most careful consideration, reviewing and analyzing all of the testimony at the hearing, as well as the 24-page written opinion of the trial judge in which he painstakingly, fairly, and patiently gives us his appreciation of the evidence on the plea and the controlling law.
At the hearing Dr. Robard confirmed the unanimous finding of the lunacy commission appointed by the court that the accused was not suffering from any psychosis, i. e., mental disease or serious mental derangement. However, based on tests made by other psychologists at the state hospital, he classified the accused as possessed of a mentality between an imbecile and a moron. This classification results solely from the fact that Chinn had a low intelligence quotient of between 50 and 60, it being the doctor's conclusion that although he knew the difference between right and wrong, he could not, because of this low i. q., choose between the two. The substance of his testimony was summarized by state counsel in the following question: "* * * your testimony simply boils down to the fact this man has a low grade mentality. This man you say knows the difference between right and wrong, but in your opinion cannot choose between the two. Furthermore, you stated * * * this man knew what happened that night in question, and you feel he could tell his counsel about it, and you feel he knew this was a murder charge against him. * * * Despite all that, you say you think this man is legally insane and he should be committed. That is what you said?" To this Dr. Robard replied: "That is what I said." It is obvious, therefore, that according to this expert the accused knew what had taken place, knew he was charged with murder, could understand the nature of the proceedings against him, and could assist counsel within the limits of his intelligence in the preparation of his defense.
Dr. Magruder, a physician specializing in psychiatry in Baton Rouge, placed Chinn in a borderline group between an imbecile and a low grade moron, having the mentality of a child between 8 and 9. In essence he agreed with the conclusion reached by Dr. Robard, that is, that Chinn understood the nature of the proceedings and could cooperate with counsel in the preparation of his defense within the limits of his intelligence.
The third member of the commission, who had been coroner of West Baton Rouge Parish for some 25 years, stated he found the accused to be an average "darky with no education." He said he signed the report in deference to the recommendations of the other two members, who were considered experts in psychiatry while his experience had been practical only, but had, at the time, disagreed with their conclusion the accused, knowing the difference between right and wrong, could not choose between the two. It was Dr. Landry's opinion that it was difficult to tell whether Chinn could not choose between the two because of a low mentality, or merely because he did not want to. He stated it was practically impossible to determine in such a case whether the subject was telling the truth or faking. In this respect he is corroborated by the other two experts. Dr. Magruder stated unequivocally he was unable to say whether Chinn was faking.
From the foregoing it is clear that the accused was not suffering from any psychosis or other mental deterioration or disease, and that the conclusion of the experts was based solely upon his low intelligence quotient, although they were unanimous in their conclusion it was almost impossible to determine whether he did in fact possess such a low mentality or was faking.
We are mindful of the fact that it is possible for a person to have such a feeble mentality as to be unable to distinguish between right and wrong, to understand the proceedings against him, or to assist in his defense. However, according to the universally accepted jurisprudence, mere weakness of mentality or sub-normal intelligence does not, of itself, constitute legal insanity. State v. Brodes, 160 La. 340, 107 So. 131; State v. Tapie, 173 La. 780, 138 So. 665; Commonwealth v. Stewart, 255 Mass. 9, 151 N.E. 74, 44 A.L.R. 584; 14 R.C.L. 603; 22 C.J.S., Criminal Law, § 58, p. 121. The test for determining the present insanity of an accused, as set out in these authorities, is codified and set out precisely in our Revised Statutes thusly: "If * * * the court has reasonable ground to believe that the defendant * * is insane or mentally defective to the extent that the defendant is unable to understand the proceedings against him or to assist in his defense, the court shall immediately fix a time for a hearing to determine the defendant's mental condition. The court may appoint two disinterested physicians to examine the defendant with regard to his present mental condition and to testify at the hearing. Other evidence regarding the defendant's mental condition may be introduced at the hearing by either party. If the court, after the hearing, decides that the defendant is able to understand the proceedings and to assist in his defense, it shall proceed with the trial." LSA-R.S. 15:267. See, State v. Estes, 212 La. 694, 33 So.2d 199; State v. Layton, 217 La. 57, 46 So.2d 37; State v. Swails, 223 La. 751, 66 So.2d 796; and State v. Riviere, 225 La. 114, 72 So.2d 316, 317. (Emphasis has been added.)
We think the following observation in the very recent decision of this court in the Riviere case is most appropriate here: "The law presumes that every man is sane. State v. Seminary, 165 La. 67, 115 So. 370, State v. Toon, 172 La. 631, 135 So. 7. And to warrant the sustaining of a plea of present insanity, thereby preventing trial of a criminal action, it must appear by a preponderance of evidence that the accused is so mentally deficient that he lacks capacity to understand the nature and object of the proceedings against him and to assist in the conducting of his defense in a rational manner."
We are impressed that the confessions and testimony of the accused disclose, to say the least, an average intelligence of people of this class. He was able to remember and to relate in detail, with particularity and accuracy, everything that transpired from the time he went with Beta around 10:00 a.m. Friday morning, April 30, 1954, up to and including his arrest around 7:00 a.m. Sunday morning, May 2, even detailing the names of the streets traveled and the right and left turns made, the names of the plantations visited and the routes taken off the main roads, as well as the details of the crime itself. It is interesting to note that when arrested in New Orleans he denied any knowledge of the crime, and even claimed it had been committed by another Negro, known to him. It was not until he was confronted with the fact the officers knew and could show he had been with Beta all during the day, that Beta had disappeared and his blood soaked truck found in Baton Rouge, that he told the truth, his motive then being the thought that if Beta was still alive he could be given medical assistance. He knew Beta had been alive and breathing when left by the road side, and he felt that by telling where his body could be found and he might be saved, this would also "help me out."
In addition to prompt and responsive answers, and a straight-forward, rational, and logical sequence of narrative, the accused gave as the motive for his act the fact that he needed money for his wife, who had threatened to have him put in jail for nonsupport. The fact that he knew he had done wrong and realized the enormity of his offense was made very obvious to us as we listened to the confessions that were tape-recorded, for he broke down completely and sobbed in a voice filled with emotion when he reached the point in the story where he told of how he hit and choked the victim, acknowledging Beta had been most kind to him during the several years he had worked for him intermittently.
Furthermore, when placed on the witness stand in an effort to show he told the district attorney during the Baton Rouge confessions he had been struck at the time of his arrest, his comment when it was intimated by questions put to him that the tape recording did not reflect this speaks eloquently of his knowledge of the proceedings and his ability to assist counsel in his defense, for he said, "Some of it could have been cut off and some not. They take what they want to hear, and some of it they don't take."
In addition to the testimony of these experts and the confessions as well as testimony of the accused, the state introduced a number of lay witnesses who had known the accused for some time (years in many instances) and had had ample opportunity to observe him, including those in charge of him during his incarceration in the Baton Rouge jail. All testified they observed nothing abnormal or in any way different about him and felt he was presently sane. The trial judge who examined and observed him was of the same opinion.
From our appreciation of the entire record we have no hesitancy in concluding the accused was able to understand the proceedings against him and to properly assist counsel in his defense and that the trial judge correctly ordered him to stand trial.
Following the dismissal of the plea of present insanity, the accused was re-arraigned and pleaded insanity and the court entered a plea of "not guilty" in his behalf when counsel refused to so plead. When the court refused to permit him to have a trial on the plea of insanity independently of the plea of not guilty, he reserved the second bill, it being counsels' contention that he was entitled to go to trial on this plea alone inasmuch as one of the four pleas that may be made to an indictment is "insanity," under LSA-R.S. 15:261.
Counsel had some time previously, and with court permission, withdrawn the original plea of "not guilty" in lieu of a motion for a bill of particulars.
There is no merit to this bill. In deciding this identical contention adversely to argument of counsel in State v. Dowdy, 217 La. 773, 47 So.2d 496, 502, we commented: "The ruling of the trial judge was entirely proper for a plea of insanity at the time of the commission of the crime involves a fact affecting the guilt or the innocence of the accused and necessarily it must be tried on the merits and submitted to the jury the same as all other facts presented during the trial of the case. See State v. Eisenhardt, 185 La. 308, 345, 349, 169 So. 417; State v. Sample, 203 La. 841, 845, 14 So.2d 678."
The next two bills were reserved in connection with the admission of the three confessions — Bill of Exceptions No. 3 when the New Orleans confession of May 2 was admitted and the other when the two tape-recorded confessions made in Baton Rouge on May 2 and 7 were admitted. They were discussed together by defense counsel, and will be so considered by us.
In disposing of the third bill, the trial judge, and we think properly so, concluded "the evidence shows that no force or violence was used on the accused and that the accused was not threatened nor made any promises whatsoever to induce him to confess." He states that although the accused himself testified that upon the occasion of his arrest "Patrolman Delpuget struck him once in the stomach, which was denied not only by Patrolman Delpuget but by the officers present," when called to the stand the accused "admitted that from the time he arrived at the Criminal Court Building until the time of his confession no force or threats were used on him. All of the officers present at the time of the making of this confession testified that the statement made by the accused was free and voluntary."
Counsel, in reliance upon our holding in State v. Honeycutt, 216 La. 610, 44 So.2d 313, claims that inasmuch as the state failed to produce and call to the stand certain persons who happened to be at or near the scene of the arrest, either in laying the foundation for the admission of the confession or in rebuttal after accused testified he had been mistreated at that time, it had not carried the burden of proving the confession was free and voluntary. In other words, counsel argue that for the state to prove a confession is free and voluntary, it must produce all persons that may have been present on any occasion the accused happens to testify he was mistreated.
It appears that during the examination of the several witnesses present when the accused confessed in New Orleans police headquarters it developed that in addition to some unknown bystanders, a police officer by the name of Stevens was present when he was arrested, that some time thereafter a patrol car manned by officers Stentz and Michel was called to take him to jail, and, further, that at some point during the incident — just when is not clear — accused's employer emerged from the house.
A perusal of the Honeycutt case shows it is not authority for that proposition. Although the state there, in laying the foundation for the introduction of the confession, placed on the stand all those present when it was written around 7:00 a.m., one of whom stated the accused was not mistreated the previous night after arrested and taken to headquarters, it failed to recall a single one of these officers to either corroborate the statement of the officer who testified the accused had not been mistreated the previous night, or to rebut the testimony of the accused that his real confession was made that night after he had been subject to severe physical violence and only reduced to writing the following morning. In the instant case witnesses were called in rebuttal. Furthermore, the accused did not claim he confessed when arrested (at which time he was allegedly mistreated), as in the Honeycutt case. On the contrary, he vehemently denied any knowledge of the disappearance of Beta, asserting he had been alive when he left him. It was only after he was taken to headquarters and questioned in an effort to ascertain where Beta might be so that medical assistance could be administered if needed, and after confronted with the array of evidence gathered by the Baton Rouge officers showing that he and he alone had been with Beta all during Friday and into that night, that he broke down and sobbed his story, stating he knew Beta was still breathing when he was left by the road side, and he felt if Beta could be found and was still alive and could be helped, it might help him (Chinn).
For us to hold as contended by counsel for the defendant, all one charged with crime would have to do to prevent the introduction of a confession, no matter how freely and voluntarily given, would be to make some showing there had been other persons present on the occasion of a purported mistreatment, whether such persons were known to the state or not.
Counsels' argument in support of the contention that the tape-recorded confessions of May 2 and 7 should not have been admitted is three-fold: (1) That inducements and promises were used: and that (2) pressure, and (3) coercion were exerted.
There is not a scintilla of evidence to support these contentions. We are in complete agreement with the trial judge who, in court, stated he was convinced the recordings show the full, true, and exact replica of the statements as given in Baton Rouge and that "at the time * * * the accused was free of any constraint, threats, intimidations or promises of any kind whatsoever."
During the course of the trial, while the state was presenting evidence in the form of a cap allegedly worn by Beta at the time of the crime, there was an outcry by his widow. The jury was immediately retired, Mrs. Beta removed from the courtroom, and the jury, upon recall, instructed to disregard this emotional demonstration and to rely solely upon the facts developed during the trial and the law given in the official charge in determining the guilt or innocence of the accused. The judge's refusal to grant counsels' motion for a mistrial, based on this outburst, forms the basis of the fifth bill, it being their contention this outcry, as well as Mrs. Boeta's continued presence in the building, although outside the courtroom, had the effect of swaying and prejudicing the jurors in derogation of defendant's right to a fair and impartial trial.
This exact contention has been decided adversely in a number of cases and is, therefore, untenable, particularly in view of the judge's prompt action in retiring the jury with instructions to disregard the incident. See, State v. Renard, 50 La.Ann. 662, 23 So. 894; State v. Spillers, 105 La. 163, 29 So. 480; State v. Wimby, 119 La. 139, 43 So. 984, 12 L.R.A., N.S., 98; and State v. Williamson, 145 La. 9, 81 So. 737.
The next three bills are interrelated and will be discussed together. Counsel reserved Bill of Exceptions No. 6 when the court allegedly failed to comply with its mandatory duty to examine, during the trial, the experts appointed under the order of September 17, 1954, and, instead, "ordered" counsel to examine them. Bill No. 7 was reserved when the trial judge allowed Dr. Landry, over defendant's objection, to testify contrary to the finding of the lunacy commission report of October 16, 1954, to which he had originally subscribed, and to explain his reason for signing it. The eighth bill was reserved when the judge refused to grant a continuance, based on the ground accused was surprised by such testimony.
While under the express provisions of LSA-R.S. 15:268, the court "Whenever * * * the existence of insanity or mental defect on the part of the defendant at the time of the alleged commission of the offense charged becomes an issue in the cause * * * may appoint one or more disinterested physicians * * * to examine the defendant", and after such appointment is made "The physicians appointed by the court shall be summoned to testify at the trial and shall be examined by the court and may be examined by counsel for the state and the defendant", when insanity was made a defense in this case, the court was never requested to, nor did it in fact, in the exercise of the discretion vested in it by this section, appoint any physicians to examine defendant to determine "the existence of insanity or mental defect * * * at the time of the alleged commission of the offense." Consequently, the provisions of LSA-R.S. 15:268, making it the mandatory duty of the judge to examine such experts, once appointed, has no application here. The commission appointed by the judge on September 17, 1954, was for the sole and specific purpose of examining and reporting "on his present mental condition and sanity" to determine whether, as contended by counsel, he was not "of sound mind and understanding at the present time." (Emphasis supplied.)
State v. Sauls, 226 La. 694, 77 So.2d 8, has no application inasmuch as experts were there appointed to determine the sanity of the accused at the time of the commission of the offense.
Counsels' argument that they did not need the testimony of these experts since the report of the commission was admissible and prima facie correct, and that the judge erred in "ordering" them to call and examine these experts, is untenable. In the first place, the judge did not compel counsel to call and examine these experts. Instead he ordered counsel, who had had the experts subpoenaed, to examine them but only to the extent that counsel deemed it "advisable and necessary to protect the interests of the accused." In the next place, counsel err in contending the report was prima facie evidence of the insanity of the accused at the time of the commission of the offense. As heretofore pointed out, these experts only inquired into and reported on the present insanity of the accused, an aspect of the case that was not before the jury since it could only be determined by the trial judge. Finally, counsel overlook the fact that having urged insanity at the time of the commission of the offense as a defense, they must bear the burden of establishing this fact by a preponderance of the evidence for the benefit of the jury inasmuch as the law presumes that a person is sane. State v. Scott, 49 La.Ann. 253, 21 So.2d 271, 36 L.R.A. 721; State v. Surrency, 148 La. 983, 88 So. 240; State v. Seminary, 165 La. 67, 115 So. 370; State v. Toon, 172 La. 631, 135 So. 7; and State v. Patterson, 176 La. 440, 146 So. 17.
In his per curiams to these bills the judge correctly states that once Dr. Landry was called as a witness on behalf of the accused, he had a right to explain his action in signing the lunacy commission report, and that his credibility and the weight to be given this testimony was a matter for the determination of the jury, as all other facts. He points out, additionally, that inasmuch as this testimony was substantially in accordance with the same doctor's testimony at the time of the hearing before him to determine the present insanity of the accused, counsel could not have been taken by surprise and were not, therefore, entitled to a continuance. Clearly, therefore, there is no merit to any of these three bills.
Bill of Exceptions No. 9, reserved to the action of the trial judge in permitting lay witnesses to testify on the issue of the sanity of the accused at the time of the commission of the offense, is without merit also. As pointed out in our recent decision in State v. Swails, 226 La. 441, 76 So.2d 523, 528, "It is well settled in this State, and by the overwhelming jurisprudence of this country, that a non-expert witness, basing his testimony on facts and circumstances known to him, may be permitted to give opinion testimony touching upon the sanity or insanity of a person whose mental condition is at issue, provided the witnesses be shown to have had ample opportunity to observe the speech, manner, habits and conduct of such person." See, also, the authorities therein cited. The trial judge points out that the proper foundation was laid in the instance of all of the lay witnesses be called to the stand to testify, and the note of evidence attached to this bill amply sustains this conclusion.
The final bill was reserved when motion for a new trial, based on the errors just disposed of, was denied, and, therefore, presents nothing for our review.
For the reasons assigned, the conviction and sentence are affirmed.
On Rehearing.
[38] McCALEB, Justice.
Bill of Exceptions No. 6 was taken to the judge's refusal to comply with the provisions of R.S. 15:268, which requires him to summon the physicians composing the lunacy commission to testify and examine them at the trial whenever the existence of insanity on the part of an accused at the time of the commission of the offense has become an issue and a commission has been appointed to examine him.
The rehearing herein is limited to a reexamination of this bill.
Following his indictment for murder, appellant applied for the appointment of a commission to inquire into his present mental condition. This request was granted and, on September 17, 1954, an order issued appointing a commission to investigate not only his sanity at that time but also to report on his mental condition at the time of the commission of the offense. In the latter respect, the order was broader than appellant's application and, since it had been misplaced in the voluminous record presented on this appeal, we naturally concluded that it conformed to appellant's request. Hence, our previous holding that Bill No. 6 was without merit, because the lunacy commission was appointed only to inquire into appellant's present sanity, was founded on that assumption. The true facts being directed to our attention by appellant in his application for a rehearing, we agreed to reconsider the bill.
The index shows that the order appointing a lunacy commission is to be found on page 18 of the record. However, the designated order, dated September 17, 1954, is one directing the Sheriff to transfer appellant to the East Louisiana State Hospital at Jackson so that the lunacy commission might examine him with respect to his present mental condition. It also refers to another order, issued on the same day, appointing the lunacy commission but the latter is not contained in the portion of the record designated by the index. It is actually located at page 79 of the transcript, being attached to certain testimony which forms part of Bill of Exceptions No. 6.
The district attorney contends initially on this rehearing that the order of the judge of September 17, 1954 was improvident and is a nullity, insofar as it directed the experts to investigate appellant's mental condition at the time of the commission of the crime, for the reason that his sanity had not become an issue in the cause at that time.
Since appellant did not plead insanity at the time of the commission of the offense in his application for the appointment of the lunacy commission, it was not an issue in the case at that time. Therefore, although the judge was well within his rights in appointing a lunacy commission, he exceeded his authority in directing its members to report on appellant's mental condition at the time of the commission of the offense as R.S. 15:268 requires that the existence of insanity at that time be at issue when the appointment of a lunacy commission is requested. State v. Eisenhardt, 185 La. 308, 169 So. 417 and State v. Gunter, 208 La. 694, 23 So.2d 305. However, as the State did not object to the judge's order or the commission's report conformable therewith, either at the sanity hearing or at the trial, it would seem that it has waived its right to contest it at this late date and, since insanity at the time of the commission of the offense was subsequently pleaded and became the main defense at the trial, it effected a cure of any irregularity theretofore existing in the order. Obviously, it would have been a vain and useless gesture for the judge to reappoint the commission and order it to make another report after insanity was pleaded as the defense.
It reads: "Whenever, on a prosecution by indictment or information, the existence of insanity or mental defect on the part of the defendant at the time of the alleged commission of the offense charged becomes an issue in the cause, the court may appoint one or more disinterested physicians not exceeding three to examine the defendant * * *".
R.S. 15:268 expressly provides that "The physicians appointed by the court shall be summoned to testify at the trial and shall be examined by the court and may be examined by counsel for the state and the defendant." Hence, the judge erred in refusing to comply with appellant's request that he examine the experts appointed under the order of September 17, 1954. State v. Sauls, 226 La. 694, 77 So.2d 8.
Forasmuch as error was committed, it remains only to ascertain whether appellant was prejudiced or sustained injury as a result thereof. Article 557 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, R.S. 15:557, provides, in substance, that no judgment of conviction shall be set aside in any criminal case because of misdirection of the jury or the improper admission or rejection of evidence "* * * or as to error of any matter of pleading or procedure * * *" unless it appears to the court, after an examination of the entire record, that the asserted error has probably resulted in a miscarriage of justice, "* * * is prejudicial to the substantial rights of the accused, or constitutes a substantial violation of a constitutional statutory right." (Italics ours.)
Since the report of the lunacy commission supported appellant's defense, he had the legal right to have the jury hear the testimony of the doctors and their detailed explanations of the reasons for their opinions that he was insane at the time of the commission of the offense. This was a substantial right and, if the jury had not had the benefit of the doctors' testimony, a new trial would unquestionably have to be granted. But the jury did have the benefit of the experts' findings and their testimony, despite the judge's failure to follow the procedural directions of R.S. 15:268. In view of this, it is difficult to perceive that appellant suffered injury or that his substantial rights were prejudiced by the erroneous ruling.
Nevertheless, counsel earnestly contend that substantial prejudice has ensued by reason of the ruling as they were "forced" to place the doctors on the stand as appellant's witnesses and that this deprived him of the additional weight which the jury would have necessarily attached to the testimony of the experts had they been properly called and examined by the judge in conformity with the statute.
Actually, defense counsel elected to place the doctors on the stand after the report of the lunacy commission, favorable to appellant, had been introduced in evidence.
We do not think it follows that prejudice resulted because the experts were presented as appellant's witnesses rather than as those of the Court. The fact is that they were fully examined by the State and the defense and that they testified at length in favor of appellant (save in one instance hereinafter noted). Since the jury was aware that the experts were appointed by and had made their examinations under orders of the Court, it is inconceivable to us that it made any material difference to it whether they were called and examined by the judge or by appellant. The important thing was that the jury had full opportunity of determining the issue of insanity after hearing and considering the expert as well as the lay testimony.
Nor do we think that it mattered that the Coroner, Dr. Paul B. Landry, gave testimony repudiating to some extent the written report submitted by the commission (which he signed) and expressed a view partially contrary to that of the two other members of the commission, who were psychiatrists. Defense counsel were apprised of Dr. Landry's views at the time they put him on the stand for, as pointed out in our original opinion, he had previously testified at the time of the present sanity hearing that he had signed the report in deference to the recommendation of the other two members of the commission, who were experts in psychiatry, although he disagreed with their conclusion that appellant, knowing the difference between right and wrong, could not choose between the two. At any rate, it is certain that Dr. Landry would have testified exactly as he did, whether he had been called and examined by the judge or by appellant.
We have also given consideration as to whether the ruling of the judge may have possibly injured appellant by depriving him of his right to cross-examine the experts. But, after a perusal of the record, we are convinced that this right was not impaired in the least. Two of the doctors testified favorably to appellant, despite a searching cross-examination by the district attorney. Hence, there was no reason for defense counsel to cross-examine them. And counsel were not curtailed in any manner in their examination of the Coroner, Dr. Landry, the record showing that he was rigorously cross-examined by them as a hostile witness, even though the defense had not been taken by surprise.
For the foregoing reasons, our original decree is reinstated as the final judgment of this Court.


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How Effective is the "Reposition Global Warming as Theory" Leaked Memos Line? Let me show the ways …
As I detailed before in my various blog posts, the supposedly leaked "reposition global warming as theory rather than fact" memo strategy is worthless-as-evidence to prove Big Oil & Coal executives colluded with skeptic climate scientists to deceive the public about the certainty of man-caused global warming, quite simply because it was an unsolicited proposal to a tiny and very short-lived public relations campaign, and nothing in that proposal was ever implemented within that PR campaign. Or outside of it, for that matter; I have it directly from one of the administrators in that campaign that their copy of the proposal was literally thrown away. Yet somebody else in the circle of people in that campaign thought their own personal copy of the rejected proposal with its awkwardly worded strategy goal attributed to the never-used name proposed to the campaign and its basically illogical audience targeting goals was not only worth saving, but also worth leaking to enviro-activists in 1991, namely the Sierra Club (which otherwise never breathed a word of it to anyone), and to Senator Al Gore.
Meanwhile, I've seen individuals (described elsewhere less politely) unquestioningly repeat the "reposition global warming" accusation in religious devotional blog posts and vegetarian blog posts, or as a core part of PhD dissertations; and I've seen it casually slipped it into 'the shipping news,' and prominently featured on the U.S. Senate floor. The latest regurgitation of it popped up just a couple of weeks ago, in this woeful meme illustration, top right panel:
The artist, who otherwise specializes in "books and cartoons that connect people with the natural world" first offered an apologetic explanation before Tweeting the above meme illustration on December 2nd. While it may be hard to quantify how many people view blog posts or Senate speeches, Twitter shows viewers how big the reaction is to an account holder's Tweets. In this case right at the time of publication, the artist has experienced over 4,600 shares of it on Twitter, and 10,500+ people indicated their "Like" of it.
And 175 people so far** [See author's 12/30/20 update at the end of this post] have retweeted it with some kind of commentary attached. There are the predictable ones about evil industry / comparisons to Big Tobacco, along with sadness, glowing praise, links to other pieces enslaved to the same "reposition global warming" line (the fatal faults of which I detailed here), foreign language translation for teaching to students (an action beset with pitfalls when that's done without question), and so far, at least one veiled threat of violence against the evil-doers behind 'climate change disinformation.' One other reply went further, advocating the guillotine for corporate criminals, along with somebody else agreeing with that suggestion, but they aren't there anymore because they violated Twitter's policy against advocating of violence or harm to other people.
Regarding the artist's supposedly damaging quotes intended to evoke sorrow and anger at an industry bent on destroying the planet, they start to quickly fall apart under objective examination. The bottom-most panel quoting a pair of sequential Tweets from Shell Oil simply illustrates the sheer pointless folly of oil companies of trying to appease enviro-activists when no amount of appeasement will ever satisfy them. Put the absolutely identical wording in a tweet from Greenpeace and the meme artist here and all her friends would be surprised if Greenpeace hasn't already said it, no different than the way the other supposedly devastating "victory will be achieved" memo phrase* associated with her #3 API panel ends up looking like little more than a truism when mirror-flipped for Greenpeace's own usage. *(hold that thought about the Greenpeace-sourced scan page for API memo, it'll come up again below)
Regarding her fourth panel 2012 quote from then-Exxon CEO Rex Tillerson when he spoke at a 2012 Council on Foreign Relations meeting, same basic problem, compounded by her quote of Tillerson lacking full context. He was fully in favor of mitigating man-caused global warming, which bothered skeptics of the issue when President Trump appointed him five years later as Secretary of State. Enviro-activists should have applauded his obvious lean toward their viewpoint, but instead they missed a golden opportunity to use him as a tool to flip President Trump the way GOP presidential candidate John McCain was flipped to being a global warming believer.
The artist's top left panel, on the 1977 James Black Report to Exxon concerns a dubious set of claims seen in the majority of current global warming lawsuits which I detailed at some length here, while noting in that post how the Black Report's predictions were further taken apart here. Exxon knew the polar regions were going to heat up 43 years in the future several degrees hotter than they literally are right now in 2020? Apparently not.
Then there's her two remaining panels, the one on the 1998 API memo (notice how she chose to not include the words "'climate change' becomes a non-issue, meaning that" from the memo – quite a difference from her more sinister-sounding version "Unless the Kyoto proposal is defeated"), which was a memo set otherwise unsolicited and never implemented, in addition to myriad other problems, which ultimately render it worthless as evidence proving oil/coal industry disinformation campaigns exist. And finally, there's her panel featuring the "reposition global warming" strategy phrase, which is equally worthless as evidence proving any corporate disinformation ever existed anywhere involving collusion between industry execs and skeptic climate scientists to deceive the public.
I could simply leave this situation right there, since this exercise shows once again how the true believers of global warming only offer two sets of very dubious 'leaked industry memos' supporting their notions about industry-led disinformation campaigns, and how oblivious that side is to the sheer worthlessness of these memo sets. In this case, I could make an educated guess on where the meme artist sourced her information on those old leaked memos, but that's all I'd have to offer. To drive home the point on how these memos are themselves part of an ongoing disinformation campaign by a core clique of enviro-activists who apparently swim in dark money, it would be nice to prove it. Unlike some of those instances I mentioned further above of individuals unquestioningly promoting the "reposition global warming" memos, the artist included her direct email address among the publicly seen tweet replies, and it's on public view at one of her bio pages. So, here's the inquiry I emailed, verbatim:
I just now spotted your Twitter meme via one of the multitude of retweets of it. Quite impressive how your message is shared!
I know of the 2012 quote from Tillerson at a Council on Foreign Relations interview that the guy at the Wall Street Journal moderated. But I'm wondering which specific source or sources you used for the quotes in your 3 other panels. They are common quotes, I ask because some people say they are from some particular website, unaware that the site is more like a third-hand repeater from the original source. It's sorta like a genealogy exercise.
She responded in within minutes:
ClimateFiles.com — Kert Davies' website. That Kert Davies, a former top worker of the old forgotten Ozone Action group, the place that magically 'obtained' ye olde "reposition global warming" leaked memos without ever saying who they got them from.
documentcloud.org/documents/784572 — uploaded by Kert Davies when he worked at Greenpeace, or as I prefer to term it "Greenpeace USA née Ozone Action," since the USA arm of the organization was little more than the old Ozone Action group under a new name with the same continuing leadership under John Passacantando.The same Passacantando / Davies duo working much more recently to "delegitimize" Exxon, while operating under a funding arrangement involving millions in dark money which the duo don't want to talk about with anybody.
My educated guess turned out to be exactly what I expected. Meanwhile, her opening line exemplifies what's fatally wrong with the entire 'crooked climate skeptics' accusation:
People love to repeat things without investigating the source, and there can be a game of broken telephone that amplifies bad facts!
Which is absolutely, precisely, exactly the blunder she committed when she created her meme illustration.
I, on the other hand, investigated the source of the "reposition global warming" memo set when I re-read it in 2009 at a hobby forum page, before I ever repeated it. Inside of the first day of trying to find the memo set in its full context, I found irreconcilable differences on who was credited with first revealing it to the public, and as I mention in my October 22, 2015 blog post, it took me seven solid months just to find the scans containing that set buried in Greenpeace archive scans which Greenpeace itself never publicized. In subsequent years, got it confirmed in direct conversations with the president and top administrator of that old "Information Council for the Environment" (ICE) PR campaign that they never operated under the "reposition global warming" / "older, less-educated males" / "younger, lower-income women" strategy / targeting memo phrases, and I got it further directly confirmed from the head of the ad agency and its publicist and the three scientists providing their science expertise to the campaign that not a single one of them had ever heard of the 'strategy / targeting' guidelines they were supposedly working under. All have expressed surprise to see just how much air time is given to a set of memos that basically nobody saw. On top of that, I got all of that and more independently corroborated by article writer / researcher Ron Arnold, who directly interviewed more participants of that ICE campaign than I had access to, in his examination of the 'Naomi Oreskes connection' to the memo set.
How will the meme artist here, who I've labeled without her name as a matter of courtesy, react to all of this, along with the people tweeting glowing support of her work? Consider that she has apparently already deleted replies from critics, and as noted previously, others suggest outright execution for people whose family and friends would dearly miss them after they were killed for association with 'leaked memo sets' having zero real world significance, other than as weapons used against them under irrefutably false pretenses.
Would they all realize, and feel deep remorse, about being participants in a real-world variant of the "Ox-Bow Incident"?
Think about it as it applies to the overarching problem Al Gore faced when he first ventured the idea of catastrophic man-caused global warming back in the late 1980s. The late IPCC climate scientist Dr Stephen Schneider identified the problem early on: if the public perceived there was only an unresolved argument between two sides of the science debate, they'd tell Gore and the scientists to go away and report back when they actually resolved it. How do you circumvent debate that undercuts your agenda? Label your opponents as corrupt monsters who need to be killed.
The "reposition global warming" memo phrase is just that effective of a debate killer to this very day, up until the point where a majority of people start examining it deeply. The question for the meme illustration artist here and for her friends is if they would execute somebody because they feel the person has committed a crime, or because they could actually prove that any sort of crime was ever committed.
[**12/30/20 Author's update: the meme artist, evidently impressed with the sheer response to it (compared to responses to nearly all her other direct posts that don't rise much higher than double digits for replies and mid-triple digits for "Likes," apart from occasional 1000+ "Likes"), tweeted the illustration a second time on December 17th. Upon seeing that, I thought it would be worthwhile to see how much of a response the second one got after a 12-day span of time, in comparison to what I saw for the totals around 12 days after she tweeted the illustration the first time On December 2. The difference in numbers is striking. That prompts me to add this post to my "What $5 Mill Might Buy" category, since one way to spread the 'crooked climate scientists' accusation might be – if you had that kind of mega-money at hand – would be to purchase a means of spreading a particularly effective form of the accusation in a viral-like manner, when it otherwise would find very little reception under 'natural' conditions.]
This entry was posted in accusation repetition, What $5 mill might buy and tagged Kert Davies by Russell Cook. Bookmark the permalink.


Badhaai Ho remained super strong in fourth weekend despite the big release of Thugs of Hindostan. Film may have to withstand the might of TOH and also screening is reduced. But it also got benefit of Diwali festive time and hence, business is rock solid.
Badhaai has collected an approx 6 crore nett in the 4th weekend. Film started with 1.4 crore nett on 4th Friday and showed good growth through the weekend. Film collected around 2 .1crore nett on 4th Saturday and further 2.5 crore nett approx on 4th Sunday.
Badhaai total business currently stands at approx 115.55 crore nett. Film is now all set to cross 120 crore mark in India. In fact lifetime business may even touch or cross 125 crore nett. This was looking improbable prior to the release of Thugs. Film is a Blockbuster!
Weekend 4 -> 6 crore nett approx.
Total -> 115.55 crore nett (approx).
If only TOH had good content. It could have been an ATBB.
Badhaai Ho and Andhadhun have shown what a movie can achieve with good content.
These two movies fully deserve their success.
IT was looking like TOH would crush Badhaai Ho and Andhadhun, and any other movie.
Sad for TOH, but good for Badhaai Ho and Andhadhun.


Canada is the largest country in North America and the second largest in the world. The country is incredibly diverse in its people, history, and geography. Travellers can go surfing in Tofino, dogsled in the Northwest, learn the old history of Quebec, or meet people from all over the world in Toronto.
Canada can accommodate any type of traveller, from the adventurous to the history buff.
Do I Need Vaccines for Canada?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Canada. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Canada: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, rabies, meningitis, polio, measles, mumps and rubella (MMR), Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis), chickenpox, shingles, pneumonia and influenza.
Some parts of Canada, especially western Canada, have had measles and mumps outbreaks in recent months. Make sure your vaccinations are up-to-date before travelling.
Canada's climate is almost as diverse as its attractions. Make sure you bring what you need for your trip.
Toronto – This city's climate is moderated by Lake Ontario. It is warm and humid in the summers and cold in the winter. There is snow on the ground most days during the months between December and March.
Edmonton – In Edmonton it is sunny, even in the winter. The climate is dry, with rain in the summer. The summer is cool and winters and very cold. Snow with a depth greater than 1 cm occurs about 141 days each year.
Ottawa – Ottawa has warm and humid summers, and very cold winters. In the summer, the temperature reaches upward of 25. But, winter can be cold and well below freezing.
Canada has relatively low crime rate. But, violent crimes and crimes of convenience do occur, particularly in urban areas. Travellers should take precautions when visiting large cities or when travelling at night. Take measures to safeguard belongings, especially in public areas.
The Canadian Rockies have gorgeous wildlife and scenery and tons of outdoor activities. Travellers can do all kinds of activities including: whitewater rafting, backcountry skiing, or rock climbing. Almost every traveller will find something to suit his or her needs.
What Should I Take to Canada?
Warm Clothing – Winters get incredibly cold in Canada, so a good, thick jacket is a necessity. Your extremities tend to get colder faster, so bring a pair of thick gloves if you plan on playing in the snow.
Hiking Shoes – There is a lot of hiking that can be done throughout the country. If you plan on exploring the outdoors, good shoes will be imperative.
Umbrella – If you're visiting when it is expected to rain, an umbrella or raincoat will keep you dry.


A LifeGem is a certified, high quality diamond created from the carbon of your loved one as a memorial to their unique and wonderful life.
would you be able to PAWn your pet?????
Oh gosh! That creeped me out at first, but I'd probably do it. I don't know!
I don't know how I feel about that. I think it's a good idea, but I just can't see myself wearing my mom as a ring on my finger, what if I lost her!
punch me should you ever meet me???
Gives new meaning to heirloom jewelry! Instead of "This ring was my Great-grandmother's" it would be "This ring WAS my Great-grandmother!" Yipes! No thank you!
Same here Richard.:eek: :rolleyes: I know that I wouldn't ever do anything like that.
Unusual, hmm and interesting, not sure how I feel on this one.
:eek: :eek: :eek: oh just read it more, NO WAY I think this is weird too, but maybe its better than spreading their ashes somewhere, some people would rather have them with them forever so to speak I guess, but kinda freaks me out!!! CREEPY!!!
YES probably ok for a pet.
For a human - No. for a pet, maybe.
That's exactly what I was thinking--how do we know they don't have a stock room full of diamonds ready to hand out telling people it is their pet!!!
Ooo that's disturbing. It would creep me out knowing I'de be carrying a piece of my family on my finger.
Originally posted by KYS I'll Pass!!
How can you ensure the families that the LifeGem is indeed their loved one?
Legitimacy is our highest priority and ensuring you receive a LifeGem diamond created from your loved one is our number one goal. Therefore, our doors are open. Of course some intricacies are proprietary, but all other areas are available to witness to guarantee our clients comfort level. The LifeGem advanced tracking system monitors your specific LifeGem throughout the entire process. The LifeGem system follows the product from cremation to faceting with meticulous detail by highly trained product care specialists.
Even so, I think I'll pass!!!
If someone lost a limb, I wonder if they could create a smaller diamond out of that? WAY weird!
I don't think I would do it, it's a little on the creepy freaky side. I think it's kind of funny though that instead of hitting a guy in his family jewels you can hit him with your family jewels...geez that was corny.