Jennifer Walsh-Rurak earned her Doctor of Education degree with a concentration in Educational and Instructional Leadership from Northeastern University. Additionally, she has a Master of Science degree in Educational Leadership/Administration and a Master of Science degree in Special Education both from Canisius College, as well as a Bachelor of Science degree in Education and Exceptionalities from SUNY Cortland. Prior to joining Fusion Academy, Jennifer spent nine years as a school principal working in public school settings in New York State and taught at the middle school level prior to becoming an administrator. In addition, she has worked as an adjunct graduate professor in the Educational Leadership department at St. Lawrence University. When Jennifer is not working, she enjoys running, Pilates, and boating. Jennifer is excited to be a part of the Fusion team and believes deeply in the power of one-to-one education.


ANS: Our offices are open 0900 to 1700., Monday through Friday (except holidays).
Appointments can be made by calling our (760) 835 7317 during office hours.
ANS: Osteoarthritis (pronounced ah-stee-oh-arth-rite-iss) is the most common form of arthritis. It is caused by the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage is the tough elastic material that covers and protects the ends of bones. Bits of cartilage may break off and cause pain and swelling in the joint between bones. This pain and swelling is called inflammation.
ANS: Major surgery on a joint may take two or three hours in the operating room. Getting full range of motion, strength and flexibility back in that joint after surgery usually takes months. That's where pre-operative exercise and education and post-operative physiotherapy programs come in – to ensure you're physically and emotionally prepared for surgery, and to maximize your recovery after surgery. Together, such programs are among the most important determinants in the success of your surgery.
ANS: Most medical specialists will accept only referred patients. This is partly to try to ensure that the specialist you are seeing is appropriate for your condition, and also because a referral allows you to receive the maximum Medicare rebate.


text:
Lammonby reflects on dramatic start to First Class career | 'Making a hundred at Lord's in only my sixth First Class game was very special indeed'
By CONRAD SUTCLIFFE
SOMERSET batsman Tom Lammonby is back home in Exeter for a few weeks reflecting on a dramatic opening chapter to his First Class career.
Lammonby, who was 20 in June, has been part of the Somerset set-up for more than four years and worked his apprenticeship in second-team cricket and Minor Counties games with Devon.
His Somerset handlers judged the time was right to pitch Lammonby into the First Class arena in the Bob Willis Trophy tournament, which filled the gap left by the cancellation of the County Championship. He did not disappoint.
Lammonby was an ever-present member of the Somerset side that went all the way to the competition final at Lord's, where he scored his third First Class century in successive games.
Lammonby, who moved up the order to open the batting, topped the Somerset aggregates and averages with 459 runs at exactly 51.
The 116 Lammonby scored against Essex at Lord's followed tons against Worcestershire and Gloucestershire in the previous two matches.
Although Essex were declared trophy champions having won on first-innings, Lammonby said nothing could top the feeling of making a hundred at the home of cricket.
"Making a hundred at Lord's in only my sixth First Class game was very special indeed," said Lammonby, who was a student at Exeter School before becoming a professional cricketer.
"At the end of the first day, having been out third ball for a duck, I was wondering whether Lord's was the ground for me?
"Cricket can be a fickle game at times, but I had the confidence of scoring hundreds in the previous two games when I went out there the second time.
"We didn't win the final, but we could hold our heads up high for the way we played over all five days.
"I hope my performance made my parents proud –and all at the Exeter club and everyone who has helped me over the years."
Three centuries in succession have got the cricket pundits speculating where Lammonby's career might go? He played under-19 cricket for England – and skippered the side in two four-day Tests against Bangladesh in 2019.
Inevitably there are predictions of big things to come from Lammonby, not that he is taking that much notice.
"You always have hopes but I don't want to get ahead of myself," said Lammonby.
"At the start of this season my hope was to work hard enough at training and in the nets to get a chance in the first team at Somerset.
"It has been great to play for Somerset and score some runs that have helped them win games.
"There is no way I could have foreseen how things were going to work out."
Lammonby comes from cricketing bloodstock as dad Glenn, uncle Derek, granddads Robert and Derek and cousin Will have all played, either in the UK or Australia, where the Lammonby tribe comes from.
It was inevitable Tom would follow in his father's footsteps into the Exeter club and from the age of eight or nine onwards his cricket apprenticeship started.
Lammonby junior was quickly picked up by the Devon age-group selectors and was in the under-10 squad by the age of eight. A hundred against Essex under-11s at the 2012 ESCA Festival in Taunton was a foretaste of things to come …
Age-group cricket with Devon exposed the young Lammonby to the best the rest of the county had to offer – and trips to India, Bangladesh, South Africa and Australia broadened his horizons.
"Playing age-group cricket against the best of your contemporaries helps develop your competitive edge," said Lammonby.
"Playing Minor Counties cricket with Devon was another step-up. The chance to play three-day cricket against experienced men players made me more game aware.
"It was a place to learn how to build an innings in a three-day game.
"Overseas ours with England and Somerset, and a winter in Australia playing club cricket, gave me experience of different conditions, something you just can't replicate indoors."
Lammonby said cricket challenges can and do come from the most unexpected places, such as midweek games with and against the Devon Dumplings.
"The trickiest bowler I faced was Bernie Wilson, a wily old spinner who knew exactly what he was doing and did it consistently," said Lammonby of the 73-year-old retired Dumpling.
Lammonby had hoped to spend a chunk of the winter in Australia, playing Grade cricket in and around Perth. Covid restrictions have put paid to that idea.
Instead, it's a few weeks at home with mum Jill and dad Glenn before reporting back for training at Taunton on November 2.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Trinity After School Care
The need for after-school care for students has resulted in the significant growth of our auxiliary programs over the past several years. To accommodate this ever-growing population, Trinity offers a variety of after school programs.
Click here to download the 2021-2022 Aftercare forms
Les Enfants Aftercare: Aftercare at Les Enfants is available for ages 15 months–four years old. The program runs from dismissal until 6:00 p.m. Families can sign up for the school year or on drop-in basis. The drop in fee is $12 an hour and a five day contract is $1,750 for the semester. One - four day contracts are also available, as well as a sibling discount. For more information please email Juwanda Williams.
Preschool and Lower School Aftercare: The Preschool and Lower School aftercare program is available to all Prekindergarten through Fourth Grade students. Aftercare offers arts and crafts, games, field play, and snacks, as well as homework help for Grades One through Four. The program runs from dismissal until 6:00 p.m. Families can sign up for the school year or drop in. The drop in fee is $12 an hour, and a five day contract is $1,400 for the semester. One - four day contracts are also available, as well as a sibling discount. For more information please email Juwanda Williams.
The After School Activities Program: After School Activities Program (ASAP) offers a wide range of enrichment opportunities for students in Prekindergarten through Fourth Grade. Six-week sessions are held four times per school year, with activities beginning at school dismissal and lasting until 4:30 p.m. Students use the opportunities provided by ASAP to explore new subjects or delve deeper into special areas of personal interest. ASAP delivers a host of activities to campus, such as yoga, chess, ballet, rocketry, opera appreciation, and sports. At 4:30 p.m. students may be picked up or attend The Cottage. For more information please email Helen Reed. **
Middle School After School Study Hall: Our Middle School After School Study Hall (MASH) is available to students in Grades Five through Eight and lasts from school dismissal until 6:00 p.m. MASH is facilitated by Trinity faculty members who are available to assist students with extra help and homework. Students may attend MASH on a drop-in basis and are charged an hourly rate of $10. For more information please email Jeanne Faucheux.
*For the 2021-2022 school year Trinity's after school programs are limited. For us to provide care for families with no other option, we are asking those families who can make other arrangements and pick up their children at the end of the regular day to do so. For additional questions related to Covid-19 policies and after-school care, please contact your Division Head or the Admission Office.
** Due to Covid 19, for the 2021-2022 school year, ASAP classes will be offered to cohorts in Preschool and Lower School.
For additional information regarding Trinity's after school programs, please contact Director of Athletics, Summer, and Afterschool Programs Chris Core, at ccore@trinitynola.com or 504.579.9664
Important Phone Numbers:
School Front Desk: 504.525.8661
Les Enfants - Fourth Grade Aftercare Classroom: 504.620.0770
Les Enfants - Fourth GRade Aftercare Cell Phone: 504.415.0007
MASH Cell: 504.913.4815
MASH (Library) Classroom: 504.670.2559
Director of Athletics, Summer, and Afterschool Programs: 504.579.9664


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Cephalosporin Drugs Market Analysis
Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Generation (First-generation, Cephalosporin, Second-generation Cephalosporin, Third-generation Cephalosporin, Fourth-generation Cephalosporin, and Fifth-generation Cephalosporin), By Type (Branded Cephalosporin Drugs and Generic Cephalosporin Drugs), By Formulation (Oral (Tablets, Capsules, and Liquid) and Injection), By Indication (Respiratory Tract Infection, Skin Infection, Ear Infection, Bacterial Infection, Urinary Tract Infection, Sexually Transmitted Infection, Sinus Infection, Surgical Prophylaxis, and Others (Meningitis, Acute Abdomen Infection, and Pelvic infection)), By Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, and Online Pharmacies), and By Region (North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa) - Size, Share, Trends, and Forecast 2019 - 2026
Report code : CMI2893
Industry : Pharmaceutical
Published On : Jul 2019
Press Release: Cephalosporin Drugs Market to Surpass US$ 19,073.1 Million by 2026
Summary Infographics Report Description Table Of Content Research Methodology Consult With Us
Cephalosporin Drugs Market to Surpass US$ 19,073.1 Million by 2026
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market – Insights
Cephalosporin is a large group of antibiotics that belongs to a class known as beta-lactams. Cephalosporin is a wide spectrum bactericidal antibiotic used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. Cephalosporin drugs are available as both branded and generic medicines. Different generations of cephalosporin are used and preferred for different indications. The third-generation is the most prescribed and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents useful in a variety of clinical situations. Cefotaxime and ceftizoxime have the best gram-positive bactericidal activity of the third-generation cephalosporin. Ceftazidime and cefoperazone are the only third-generation drugs that provide anti-pseudomonal coverage. Ceftriaxone's long half-life allows for once-daily dosing, making ceftriaxone an excellent drug for outpatient antibiotic therapy of community-acquired infections.
The global cephalosporin drugs market size was valued at US$ 14,240.0 million in 2018, and is expected to witness a CAGR of 3.8% over the forecast period (2019 – 2026).
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market Share (%) Analysis, By Generation, 2018 & 2026
Increasing Drug Approvals and R&D Activities is expected to Drive Growth of the Cephalosporin Drugs Market
Approvals and launch of novel products is expected to be a major factor driving the global cephalosporin drugs market growth over the forecast period. For instance, in June 2019, Merck & Co. announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved its supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) for the use of ZERBAXA (ceftolozane and tazobactam) for the treatment of patients 18 years and older with hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia.
Increasing research and development activities has spurred growth of the cephalosporin drugs market. For instance, in November 2017, B. Braun Medical Inc. initiated a clinical trial of Cefazolin infusion evaluating the safety of 1 g and 2 g of Cefazolin in pediatric subjects. The study is in phase 4 and is expected to be completed in July 2019. Therefore, increasing research on cephalosporin drugs is expected to create a favorable environment for the cephalosporin drugs market growth over the forecast period.
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market - Restraints
Increasing cephalosporin drug recalls by regulatory bodies is hampering the cephalosporin drugs market growth. For instance, in August 2014, Caraco Pharmaceutical Laboratories Ltd., a unit of Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., initiated a recall of multiple lots of Cephalexin capsules from the U.S. market. According to a notification by the U.S. FDA, the recall of 340,553 units of 500 mg and 113,677 units of 250 mg bottles was voluntarily initiated by the company through a letter to the regulator in June 2014 under 'Class-II' classification, owing to Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) deviations.
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market - Regional Insights
On the basis of region, the global cephalosporin drugs market is segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. North America is expected to hold a dominant position in the global cephalosporin drugs market during the forecast period, owing to increasing number of product launches. For instance, in August 2017, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. launched Cefixime for Oral Suspension, a therapeutic equivalent generic version of Suprax (cefixime) for Oral Suspension, in the U.S. market. The Suprax brand and generic had US sales of approximately US$ 50.5 million for the 12 months ended in June 2017.
Asia Pacific is expected to foresee a rapid growth in the cephalosporin drugs market. The market in Asia Pacific is expected to gain momentum during the forecast period, owing to increasing strategic partnership for distribution of cephalosporin drugs. For instance, in September 2017, Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd. announced that its subsidiary, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd. (Basilea), entered into a license agreement with Shenzhen China Resources Gosun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. for Basilea's antibiotic Zevtera (ceftobiprole) in China.
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market Value (US$ Mn) & Y-o-Y Growth (%), 2019-2026
Key players operating in the global cephalosporin drugs market include, Merck & Co. Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc., Pfizer Inc., Allergan plc., Abbott Laboratories, Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd., Sanofi S.A., F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Lupin Limited, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and B. Braun Melsungen AG.
Cephalosporin drugs are a group of broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics generally used for the treatment of bacterial infections such as bacterial meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infection, eye infections, sinusitis, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Most commonly used cephalosporin are cephalexin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefdinir, and cefaclor. The cephalosporin drugs market holds a huge potential in the sub-Saharan countries of Africa such as Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal, as these countries have high prevalence of bacterial infections due to underdeveloped healthcare facilities and infrastructure. For instance, according to the World Health Organization's (WHO) report of February 2018, the highest burden of this disease is in the belt of sub-Saharan Africa, stretching from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in the east. Around 30,000 cases are still reported each year from that area.
Increasing prevalence of respiratory tract infections worldwide is expected to boost the cephalosporin drugs market growth. For instance, according to the report of The Global Impact of Respiratory Disease in 2017, lower respiratory tract infection and pneumonia are two of the leading causes of death, accounting for over 4 million fatalities, annually. Furthermore, pneumonia killed 920,136 children aged under 5 years in 2015, accounting for 15% of the deaths in this age group. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequent bacterial cause of pneumonia, accounting for deaths of 393,000 children aged under 5 years in 2015.
However, factors such as increasing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recalls is hindering the cephalosporin drugs market growth. For instance, in June 2019, Lupin Limited recalled 18,604 bottles (60 ml) of Cefdinir (Cephalosporin) for Oral Suspension, used for the treatment of bacterial infections, from the U.S. market. Furthermore, in January 2019, the company announced recall of 287,784 bottles of Cefdinir for Oral Suspension in the U.S. due to CGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) deviations.
This report provides in-depth analysis of the cephalosporin drugs market, market size (US$ Mn), and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR (%)) for the forecast period: 2019 – 2026, considering 2018 as the base year
This study also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approval, market trends, regional outlook, and competitive strategies adopted by key players
It profiles key players in the global cephalosporin drugs market based on the following parameters – company overview, financial performance, product portfolio, geographical presence, distribution strategies, key developments, and strategies
Key players covered as a part of this study include, Merck & Co. Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc., Pfizer Inc., Allergan plc., Abbott Laboratories, Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd., Sanofi S.A., F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Lupin Limited, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and B. Braun Melsungen AG
Insights from this report would allow marketers and management authorities of companies to make informed decision with respect to their future product launch, governmental initiatives, technological up-gradation, market expansion, and marketing tactics
The global cephalosporin drugs market report caters to various stakeholders in this industry, including investors, product manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers for cephalosporin drugs market, research and consulting firms, new entrants, and financial analysts
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Generation:
First-generation Cephalosporin
Second-generation Cephalosporin
Third-generation Cephalosporin
Fourth-generation Cephalosporin
Fifth-generation Cephalosporin
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Type:
Branded Cephalosporin Drugs
Generic Cephalosporin Drugs
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Formulation:
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Indication:
Respiratory Tract Infection
Sexually Transmitted Infection
Surgical Prophylaxis
Others (Meningitis, Acute Abdomen Infection, and Pelvic Infection)
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Distribution Channel:
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Region:
By Generation:
By Formulation:
By Indication:
By Distribution Channel:
By Country/Region:
Merck & Co. Inc.*
GlaxoSmithKline plc.
Pfizer Inc.
Allergan plc.
Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd.
Lupin Limited
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Braun Melsungen AG
"*" marked represents similar segmentation in other categories in the respective section
Market Snippet, By Generation
Market Snippet, By Type
Market Snippet, By Formulation
Market Snippet, By Indication
Market Snippet, By Distribution Channel
Major Brand Analysis
Reimbursement Scenario
Porter's Five Forces Model
Switch Analysis
Site Chain Analysis
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market
Antibiotic Resistance Trends By Country
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Generation, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, 2018 – 2026
Market Size and Forecast, and Y-o-Y Growth, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Type, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Formulation, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Indication, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Distribution Channel, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market, By Region, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, By Region, 2018 – 2026
Regional Trends
Market Size and Forecast, By Generation, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Market Size and Forecast, By Formulation, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Market Size and Forecast, By Indication, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Market Size and Forecast, By Distribution Channel, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Market Size and Forecast, By Country/Region, 2019 – 2026, (US$ Million)
Merck & Co. Inc.
B. Braun Melsungen AG
*Browse 53 market data tables and 50 figures on "Cephalosporin Drugs Market" - Global forecast to 2026"
What are the growth estimates for cephalosporin drugs market till 2026?
The global cephalosporin drugs market is estimated to surpass US$ 19,073.1 Million by 2026.
Which are the prominent cephalosporin drugs market players across the globe?
Major players operating in the global cephalosporin drugs market include Merck & Co. Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc., Pfizer Inc., Allergan plc., Abbott Laboratories, Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd., Sanofi S.A., F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Lupin Limited, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., and B. Braun Melsungen AG.
Which segment based generation, accounted for the highest demand in the cephalosporin drugs market?
Among generations, third-generation cephalosporin segment is expected to account for major revenue share in 2026.
What are the key factors driving growth of the cephalosporin drugs market?
Increasing drug approvals and R&D activities are some of the major factors that are expected to propel growth of the market over the forecast period.
What is the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the cephalosporin drugs market for next 8 years?
The global cephalosporin drugs market is estimated to exhibit a CAGR of 3.8% over the forecast period.
Which region is dominating the cephalosporin drugs market growth?
Among regions, North Americais expected to hold dominant position in the global cephalosporin drugs market during the forecast period.
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OKM Detecting Technology – Professional metal detection with OKM detecting instruments!
OKM detecting equipment includes professional metal detectors, geophysical instruments, GPR and 3d ground scanners.
OKM metal detectors has been successfully used in all different kind of fields. Not only professional treasure hunters and hobby gold seekers are using OKM detectors, also professional geophysical surveys, geological researches and Industrial explorations has been done with professional OKM equipment. OKM Germany is one of the leading manufacturers of professional metal detectors and geophysical instruments worldwide and their unique OKM technology is one of the most innovative technologies nowadays, including modern detection features in all of their detectors. In the last 2 decades OKM is setting new standards in visual depth detection. Using combined metal detecting methods it is possible to reach higher depths than a normal metal detector can reach and locate not only metals like gold, silver or iron but also cavities like tunnels, caves and hidden chambers under the surface.
"Thank you to all our valuable customers for placing your trust in our company. We ourselves have been enthousiastic treasure hunters, long before even having started this company together. We were looking for new type of metal detectors allowing us to find more treasure than others do and giving us the chance to 'see' deeper in the ground than common metal detectors do. That is why we started to develop new products and finally were ready to open our own company in the metal detector business with the help of professional engineers at our side.
OKM offers detecting equipments with different specialization such as gold detectors, metal detectors, treasure detectors, 3d ground scanners,ground penetrating radars, long range detectors, geoelectrical measuring instruments, thermo scans, seismic instruments, detectors for cavity detection or water localisation.
These detecting instruments can be used for different purposes such as treasure hunting, gold detection, gold prospecting, finding buried treasure or lost juwelry, coin detection, 3d imaging of underground bunkers, tunnels or voids, grave detection, detection of military objects or war material, industrial metal detection and much more.


a Relay option is no longer available for this event.
Relay events will be conducted in three categories: 4 women, 4 men, & 4 person mixed (any combination of male and female). The youngest relay member's age determines the relay's age group.
Age groups: 19 and under, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, etc. Each participant will swim 1 lap on the 10k course. All members of the relay must be present and checked in on race day.
Please choose 1 division: wetsuit or non wetsuit . If one member of your team wears a wetsuit, your relay is in the wetsuit division.
The Team Leader must have each member of the relay fill out and sign their own registration form and waiver, include this completed page with entry fees.
packet pick up is 100% mandatory on May 16th at Rachel's Kitchen.
The cost for the entire relay team is: $120.00 and must be paid in full.
Price increases on 3/31 to $140 and on 5/15 price increases to $155.
COURSE: 10k will complete 4 full "T" loops. A feed table will be set up at the shore line in knee deep water. Participants will provide their own hydration and nutrition. Swimmers are required to pass the feed table that will be located near the start/ finish area during each lap as part of the course. Each swimmer will be marked per lap. If by the 3rd lap you are endanger of missing the cut off, you will be asked not to continue.
AWARDS: Top 1-3 overall as swimmers exit the water. There will be no award ceremony. Swimmers will be treated to a post race massage from Massage Envy. Wetsuits category are not eligible for awards.
Swim Las Vegas is a non-profit Nevada corporation run by volunteers. There are a lot of behind-the-scenes time and effort that go into making this event happen. Your entry fee helps cover: mandatory permits, mandatory insurance, swim caps, timing fees, equipment rentals, buoys, sound system services, participant and volunteer tee shirts, food and beverages, web services, advertising, printing and race day operations. Not included in your fees are the 100's of volunteer man hours that go into putting on a quality, well run, accurately measured race course.


Founding MainBoard.com in the 90's was the right step in the right direction for Bradley Zetler as it fulfilled his vision to improve efficiency and invent revolutionary technologies that will become industry standard in the model and fashion industry. Still the CEO of the company and a major shareholder, Zetler juggles this role with being a husband and father of two.
Taking control of his destiny after graduating from the University of Cape Town and for 2 years working for a financial service company, he shifted his focus to the importance of emerging digital technology and this later resulted in the formation of MainBoard.
What motivated you to get into digital technology?
In the mid 90's the internet and software was really starting to take off. I found it a fascinating industry. I believed it was the future and it seemed a good fit for my skills. From an early age, I always wanted to know how things worked. I would take my toys apart and then try put them back together. Coupled with being a good problem solver, the idea of building software solutions that solved business problems seemed like something I could be good at.
What was missing in the industry of fashion and modelling that you felt needed to be addressed?
When I started, agencies were couriering models' portfolios to clients all over the world. This had high printing and courier costs and took several days.
I immediately knew that we could build an online image delivery system that would allow agencies and clients to share images in real time at a fraction of the cost.
Once we started working with agencies, models and their clients, we identified many more workflows and processes that we could streamline through new software solutions.
Digital technology and fashion/modelling: how do the two connect?
Technology is the connector and allows the entire industry to connect. Our solutions connect models, agencies and clients. When we started, most agencies had one computer in the office, with one general email account. Everything was done manually with paper, fax and phone. If you walk into an agency today, all agents are on computers and you hardly hear the phone ring as everything is done electronically. Models walk around showing clients their portfolios, using our app on their iPhone or iPad instead of carrying around a physical book. Clients are casting on Portfoliopad or Castingpad, which often replaces the need for a physical casting. When I started, every single agent I spoke to said that a client would never book a model without seeing the physical images and viewing the models in person. It seemed incomprehensible to them that a model could be booked by someone just viewing their images on a computer screen. I knew I was right and continued building something that no one was asking for, but knew that once they could see it work they would be convinced.
Why did you start Mainboard?
I had been out of university for almost 2 years and was working at a financial services company which I could not see myself doing for the rest of my life.
I always knew I wanted to have my own business and be in control of my own destiny. The internet was gaining traction and something I wanted to be part of.
In 1997, while spending a day on Camps Bay beach, myself and a friend decided to quit our jobs and start a website for people planning events. At the same time my friend started modelling part time, which gave us insight into the modelling industry. We quickly identified many opportunities and problems we could solve for modelling agencies with the use of technology.
What would you describe as Mainboard.com's core purpose and what is your greater vision as the CEO?
Disruption is a key term thrown around these days in the tech business. Software development companies need to constantly evolve and innovate solutions based on anticipating future market trends and then ensure clients are informed and educated on how to unlock these new-found potentials. Mainboard's core purpose is to develop and constantly evolve customized software and web development solutions that manage and accelerate key areas of the world's leading modelling, talent, fashion and production agencies' business and daily workflow. After 20 years, we understand the industry's pressure points and what a successful agency needs in order to stay ahead of the curve, cut costs and run efficiently. Between Portfoliopad and Castingpad, as well as countless integrated website solutions, we have conceptualized and developed an entire digital ecosystem for creative agencies that has revolutionised how they operate and manage their businesses.
For me context is everything. In recent times, I've witnessed the role of influencers and data analytics becoming a determining factor in how I evolve our software solutions. The rise of competitor companies who offer watered-down copycat services impact upon our market share. This has meant that our focus has been to consolidate our product features and ensure clients get a more cohesive and all-encompassing software offering. I'm also focusing my time on looking at how to standardize the website development process, from a business to consumer perspective, with a new product that will be available in September.
Tell us more about some of the software solutions that Mainboard has designed for the fashion industry over the past year.
We started with Portfoliopad, which is a media management and delivery system which agencies use to manage their talents and present them to their clients. Soon after that we created a booking application which became the operating system for a model agency. It is a centralised database of their talent and clients, allowing them to schedule their appointments, know who is available, who is not and who has been told about what they must do. This system also does the invoicing and talent accounting. Castingpad is the application that allows clients to brief agencies and consolidate submissions received from all the agencies they brief. This solution also acts as the content managements systems for the hundreds of integrated websites we develop and maintain for many of our clients.
What would you note as your biggest innovation within the business to date?
Twenty years ago the model agency casting process involved agencies making laser copies of their clients' portfolios and printing Z-cards (a concise model's portfolio) which they had to courier overseas in an iterative process. This cost a lot of money and it took a lot of time. This sparked the thought that an online file sharing application could solve this problem. In a few months, we created the first version of an application that would become Mainboard's flagship product: Portfoliopad. Bear in mind, this was not yet the real boom of the internet. At the time there were less than 2 million website users on the World Wide Web (today we have close to 1 billion), and people were using Netscape Navigator to surf them. An email address was a toy. The product was the first of its kind in the world, and its instant traction and popularity encouraged me to seek other opportunities in the industry. This led to the release of the booking system and Castingpad, all of which facilitated agency digitisation while standardising and streamlining their operations.
What is Mainboard offering agencies and its clients that makes it the best in the market? In essence, what sets the organisation apart from the rest?
For me the two most important things are innovation and support. Today, almost every process in every software application for the industry, whether supplied by us or a competitor, was invented by Mainboard. We have also innovated and continually strive to push the boundaries with what's possible. Coupled with the best solutions on the market, we offer our clients amazing support. No matter how good the software, users often need help when they run into a problem they can't immediately solve. This is where our support team becomes so important. Our clients know we are never more than an email, online chat or phone call away.
What are you doing your way to ensure that the modelling and fashion industry gets the best out of digital technology?
is equally important to innovate based upon individual client requirements.
What was the idea behind TouchMeUp.com, the professional photo editing app?
Looking your very best online is becoming increasingly important, as billions of us now socialise, look for love, jobs and networking opportunities. Decisions about who to engage with are made within seconds! Since people do not get as much face-time with their clients, friends, and prospective dating partners, it is critical that people present themselves in the most effective way online to achieve that face-to-face meeting. Image retouching is a service normally reserved for models and photographers and is expensive, but our app brings this service to the masses and at a low cost.
With so many photo editing apps on the market what sets TouchMeUp.com apart from the rest?
We are one of the only apps services where the images are retouched by professional retouch artists. Most retouch apps just use filters and are never as good as the real thing. We have re-touchers who work 24 x 7 x 365 who can get your retouched image back to you in 24 hours or less. People can get anything, from their bust size increased, teeth whitened to losing 30 pounds.


text:
Contexte
Au début de la guerre de Sept Ans, la Russie se range du côté des Autrichiens (et des Français) dans le but de limiter la puissance montante de la Prusse. Disposant d'un avantage stratégique important en encerclant la Prusse, l'Autriche et la Russie attaquent le territoire de . En , l'armée russe, forte de , ,  cosaques un train d'artillerie, traverse la Pologne sous les ordres du maréchal Stepan Fiodorovitch Apraksine. Fin juin, les troupes russes arrivent en territoire prussien et, le , prennent le port de Memel. L'armée russe se lance alors vers Königsberg, capitale de la Prusse-Orientale.

En parallèle, le maréchal Hans von Lehwaldt ne dispose que de  pour s'opposer aux Russes. Il est en outre isolé de  et son armée qui lutte contre les Autrichiens en Silésie. Cependant, plus audacieux, il décide de passer à l'offensive et d'intercepter l'armée russe en marche. Les deux armées se rencontrent près de Gross-Jägersdorf (localité abandonnée en 1945, dans l'actuel district de Tcherniakhovsk, oblast de Kaliningrad).

Déroulement
Le matin du , à , l'armée prussienne attaque le corps du général russe  alors que celui-ci traverse la rivière Pregel. L'armée prussienne bouscule les troupes russes à la baïonnette et le général-prince Lopoukhine est tué dans l'affrontement. Cependant, marchant au son du canon, le corps du général Roumiantsev arrive sur les lieux de la bataille et attaque l'aile droite de l'armée prussienne alors qu'un détachement russe arrive par les arrières de l'armée de Lehwaldt.
Les Prussiens retraitent légèrement en bon ordre. Le centre russe se reprend alors et les cosaques du Don, sur l'aile droite russe, feignent la retraite pour attirer l'aile gauche prussienne sous le feu de l'artillerie. Ployant sous le nombre et ayant subi des pertes importantes, l'armée prussienne finit par battre définitivement en retraite à la fin de la journée. Les Russes ne poursuivant pas l'armée prussienne, celle-ci retraite en bon ordre.

Bilan
Même si l'armée russe sort vainqueur de cette bataille, elle n'arrive pas à en tirer de profit: la timidité et le manque d'expérience du maréchal Apraksine permettent aux Prussiens de s'en sortir avec une armée encore active. Cependant, l'échec de l'assaut prussien montre que l'armée russe est plus compétente que prévu et qu'il faudra compter avec elle dans les batailles à venir.

Notes

Sources

 Olaf Groehler: Die Kriege Friedrichs II., Brandenburgisches Verlagshaus, Berlin 1990 .
 Report d'Apraksin (avec un plan de la bataille)

Bataille de la guerre de Sept Ans
Bataille de 1757
Août 1757

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Steph Thompson, Contributor
Health and Education Writer
Offering Immigrant Children the 'Write' to Freedom
09/08/2015 03:11 pm ET Updated Sep 08, 2016
Freedom is hard to appreciate when you have it. It is easy to take for granted being able to walk down the street safely and unbothered. It is easy to take for granted going where you want when you want to. It is easy to forget that so many people cannot speak their mind, cannot speak at all, cannot leave their homes. We forget, if we're lucky, but so many people cannot help but remember.
We think we understand the deprivation of freedom from the images we see displayed on the news: the children's bodies washed ashore, not quite having made it to the safety of a free country; the black men beaten and killed by the powers that be. Documentaries like Wolfpack show us the poor and afraid seemingly firsthand. But there is no knowing like knowing.
I sat for two hours recently in a courthouse in Long Island's Southold Town, there to defend myself against an unfair parking violation. I watched as young people -- white, black, and Hispanic, some handcuffed, some not -- stood in front of a judge, their court-appointed lawyer trying to help defend their acts of defiance. I twitched impatiently at my forced waiting, speaking to the officers a number of times in annoyance about how much longer I would have to be there. My children were waiting. We had a trip planned to a friend's house in the Hamptons.
I watched, grief-stricken, as a long brown-haired boy, pants slung low under a tucked-in button-down, asked the judge for a jail sentence instead of yet another probation he would most certainly break. I watched as he was taken away, offered one phone call. I watched as police cleared the path for a Hispanic man, feet bound by chains, hands pulled together in metal cuffs. I felt my own need to escape keenly. It became hard to breathe, imagining that we were here, they and I, the free and the not-at-all-free, in the same room, in the same town, in the same world. There but for the Grace of God...
Poverty and the plight of the powerless is hard to behold firsthand. It is something so many people try to forget, save a few distant images on screens or words uttered in calm monotone on NPR while we drink our morning coffee. Some people put themselves in the middle of such situations and try, against all odds, to help.
Stephen Haff, the founder and executive director of Still Waters in a Storm, is one of those people. Singlehandedly, he runs his storefront afterschool program for mostly Ecuadoran and Mexican immigrant children in Brooklyn's Bushwick neighborhood, offering opportunities for writing, reading and Latin. Music and yoga have been offered in the past, but funding is difficult.
He offers his volunteer-based program five days a week to a rotating array of about 60 children (300 are on the waiting list he keeps) whose parents don't speak English, whose poverty and resultant fear deprives them from access to what the great city they've escaped to can offer.
"These kids need to know what's possible for them in their lives, they need to understand there is a place for them out in the wider world," Mr. Haff said.
Freedom was the focus of many conversations during Still Waters' summer program. Stemming from reading of John Stuart Mill's On Liberty, he led a discussion on how freedom isn't really freedom if it takes away someone else's freedom.
"We discussed what it means to share your freedom, to create unlimited non-competitive horizontal freedom where all of us, as a group, are free," Mr. Haff said.
Providing children who often feel powerless the ability to write about their experiences and share them with one another and with adults from outside the neighborhood, including many well-known authors, is a hallmark of the program.
"The safety of Still Waters makes children realize that they do have freedom of expression in the outside world," Mr. Haff said. And such a message is crucial. Immigrants who come to New York City for the freedoms it provides often deny their children freedom out of fear of the drugs and violence and anger that erupts in neighborhoods where people feel powerless.
It is a theme captured so well in Crystal Moselle's acclaimed Wolfpack, and one that Mr. Haff will feature prominently in a September 11th fundraising panel at the New School dubbed Writing, War and Peace. Readings by award-winning authors including Chris Hedges, Phil Klay, Roxana Robinson and Ashley Gilbertson will be moderated by John Freeman and accompanied by original music composed by Paul Cantelon inspired by the writings of Still Waters' children.
"Immigration is a war in and of itself," Mr. Haff said. It is writing, he believes -- that of the authors on display and that of the young immigrant children who he gives voice to -- that can open doors to peace. Amen.
Freedom Of Speech Impact New York City Freedom Incarceration


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Trend forecasting could be one of the most challenging things in stock market analysis, as the data associated with stock is the time series data characterized in high intensity, noise, uncertainty, etc. In addition, beyond the time series data, from a macroscopic point of view, the influences of the external environment, such as national economy, technical progress, legal and political events, social and demographic factors, even the natural environment, are significant as well regarding the future trend forecasting.
The literatures show the successes of the machine learning methods in stock analysis, but at the same time, the literatures also show that, from the historical data of a stock observed simply extracting some rules that the stock follows, and thereby forecasting the stock movements within a certain future time period, is rather difficult and exhibits lower accuracy. However, while studying a stock with its graphical representation (zigzag curve), the researchers often found the similarities of the stock movements. Thus, a geometric method for extracting the movement similarity from the past data is developed this this research, the key improvement of the correlation extraction method proposed is the graphical trend similarity approximation, using an arc to represent the trend of a portion of the whole time series, the evaluation of the trend similarities is turned to calculate the distances of the two arcs of the two time series to the arc of the time series observed. This means, the new method extracts correlations from general variation trends, avoids extracting correlation form the time series directly, the mismatch problem is thus solved.
To verify the proposed method, based on SVR an experiment is conducted with the real world stock data. Based on the analysis results, the paper concludes that our method improves the performance of stock price prediction. Some future work, which is capable of promoting our method, has been discussed in the thesis.


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The player selects one number from each column to form a bid. Using the above board as an example, the first number in the price of the car is either 1 or 3; the second is one of 9, 4, 2; the third is one of 0, 6, 8, 4; and so on. Numbers may never move to a different column.
After the player selects their bid, Drew Carey lights up the numbers in the bid which are correct. If the player has no numbers correct, the game ends and they lose; if they have at least one number correct, the game continues.
When the game continues, the player is given another opportunity to select numbers from those columns that were incorrect. They will cover up the wrong bid numbers with different selections from the same columns. Again, Drew Carey will light up any new correct digits. If the player has no new numbers correct, the game ends and they lose; if they have at least one new number correct, the game continues.
The player selects an initial bid of \$14677. The 1, 4 and first 7 are correct (c stands for correct, x for incorrect, and v designates a column that requires a subsequent selection in the example above). The player covers up the incorrect 6 and 7 with an 8 and a 3 for a second bid of \$14873. The 3 is correct, but the 8 is wrong. At this point it's a 50/50 chance. The player will select the 4 or the 0 and either win the car or lose the game.
The show's sponsors would like to know how frequently their cars are given away. You are to use the assumption that players choose numbers uniformly from those remaining.
The sponsor will explore many variations, with prices up to 7 digits long. Therefore, the input file will begin with a line containing the integer N <= 5000, the number of test cases to be explored. The test cases follow.
Each test case begins with the integer d, 0 < d <= 7, the number of digits in the price of the car. d lines will follow, with non-empty strings of *distinct* digits in the range from 0 through 9. Each of these lines represents a *column* of the digits in the game. The first line represents the leftmost column; the last the rightmost column. A 0 is possible as the first digit in the price of the car.
Your program will print the probability of the player winning the car, rounded to 3 decimals.


Shawn McDonald of Smith McDonald Bolin explains what the current Texas laws are related to Marijuana possession and CBD oils. He also explains how different counties are "enforcing" the law.
For more information about or to ask questions related to these laws, please leave a comment below and we'll be sure to answer them. If you need immediate assistance, call the law firm of SMB and they'll be sure to accommodate your legal needs.


So, you're thinking about applying to the University of Oregon (usually referred to simply as "Oregon"), and you're curious about your chances of admission. Well, we're here to help! Of course, there are a lot of factors in the admissions process, and it's impossible to accurately predict whether you'll be admitted or not. However, the most important factors in the admissions game are your GPA and test scores. So, using those as a measure, we can give you an estimate of your chances.
With an acceptance rate of 74%, admission to Oregon is competitive. Based on our analysis, to have a good chance of being admitted, you need to be at the very top of your class and have an SAT score of close to 1200, or an ACT score of around 25.
Not quite there? Try taking our SAT prep course and You'll still have a chance of getting in, but it's in the single digits. Let's take a closer look at Oregon admission statistics.
Oregon's acceptance rate in 2017 was 74%. For students applying to the class of 2021, out of 22,000 applicants, Oregon admitted about 16,328. The average GPA of admitted applicants was 3.61, the average ACT score was 25, and the average SAT score was 1190.
For students who took the SAT, the 25th percentile score was 1090. The 75th percentile score was 1300.
As we said, admission to Oregon is very competitive. Even if Oregon is your dream school, and even if you're in the 75th percentile, you'll still want to make sure you apply to a wide variety of schools to ensure you'll gain admission somewhere.
OK, so you've decided to apply. We took a look at Oregon's admissions requirements to help you get everything in order.
To apply to Oregon, you'll need to fill out the Common App or the Oregon App, submit your ACT or SAT scores, submit your high school transcript, and submit an application essay. Everything should be submitted by November 1st for Early Action, and January 15th for Regular Decision.
The application deadline is November 1st for Early Action and January 15th for Regular Decision. March 1st is the financial aid application deadline.
Have you been admitted to Oregon? Congratulations! Below is a glimpse of what your classmates will be like.
If you matriculate at Oregon, you'll be joining a diverse class, with students from all over the U.S. and the world, and have a chance to study in dozens of fields.
At $48,495, Oregon's cost of attendance is astronomical. But, don't panic! Most incoming students receive some form of financial aid, and the average award is $8,320.
Now, what is life like at Oregon? Let's take a look.
Oregon's main campus is located in Eugene, Oregon.
The main campus both acts as the main gathering place for students but also an arboretum that contains 500 separate species of tree.
Remember, you're going to Oregon for its excellent academics! Below is a look at what academic life will be like.
Now, let's take a look at life outside the classroom at Oregon.
Oregon has hundreds of student organizations, covering academic interests, creative and performing arts, cultural and racial initiatives, gender and sexuality affinity groups, government and politics interests, and various media and publications.
Are you an athlete? Oregon's got plenty of options for you.
Oregon offers a large number of intercollegiate sports, with extensive varsity, as well as club, offerings, for both men and women. So, if you're not up to varsity level, remember there are plenty of club and intramural sports to try out for, too.
Oregon has produced politicians, business tycoons, entertainers, musicians, media figures, and leaders in dozens of other fields.
Getting into Oregon is very competitive. Don't despair if you get a no. If you have a strong GPA and high test scores, you have a great chance of getting into at least one of the more competitive schools. And if you don't, remember: where you go is NOT who you are. If you work hard, you'll end up at a school that's right for you, and still get a great education.


Hello welcome to my series of quick takes designed to get you ready for Eurovision 2019. Just some quick thoughts / my take on each of the 41 songs this year. The countries are in alphabetical order so without further ado: Georgia.
There's always one song every year that I just kind of…habitually forget about and this is the winner this year. I actually think some of that is the weird quality of the microphone at the beginning but this song is just not in my wheelhouse and the performer looks frankly confused on stage. I haven't looked up the lyrics so I'm not sure what the song is about like most of the audience at home will be and I don't really get much of…anything from the vocal or facial performance of Oto. I understand that this is basically tapped live from X Factor or whichever singing show Georgia uses to pick but that doesn't really excuse mumbling at the beginning or the fact that the song just sort of rambles on for three minutes and then ends. I don't know if there's a staging on Earth that will help this song stand up against anything else in the competition and it pales in comparison with heartfelt pieces that countries like Albania and Hungary are bringing. It's gonna be a "no" from me dog.
Please enjoy this post where I tell you a story about an event from my life. Nothing more, nothing less. Today's story: like the back of [her] hands.
There's a universe where everything worked out exactly like it was supposed to. Even if it worked out exactly like it was supposed to in this universe too.


text:
Bereczki
HU Change language: HU
DE Change language: DE
Considerations before laser eye surgery
Refractive eye surgery is a medical intervention. Therefore, it is important to be aware that such treatment carries certain risks. Carefully weigh the risks and benefits, before making, a decision.
Individual risks include
- Under normal circumstances, the incision will heal within three days. However, it is possible that delayed recovery and complications may occur resulting most commonly in dry eye, eye burn, or alternating visual acuityIn the majority of the cases this occurs for only a few days, but it can rarely last for months. These effects can be reduced by using artificial tear drops.
- If the two eyes are not treated at the same time, due to the differences between our eyes, binocular vision may be affected and could result in double vision, dizziness or balance problems.
- Glare or halos around lights may occur in the first months, though these phenomena disappear on their own.
- Very rarely, the corneal lobe may be too small or thin and the edge may curl up, which can be prevented by wearing contact lenses for a few days.
- In rare cases, the cornea may become inflamed during the first 3-5 days after surgery – as a result of the body's defense mechanism. It is painless and not caused by infection. Intensive eye drop treatment can cure inflammation.
- In very rare cases, a bacterial infection may develop that has to be treated by a doctor.
- Development of temporary corneal opacity, photosensitivity, temporary increase in intraocular pressure, undercorrection, regression, overcorrection, very rarely – with a frequency of less than 0.5% – eye surgery may not improve diopter.
Not recommended, in general, for
- Patients with pacemaker (as the electromagnetic field may interfere with pacemaker operation)
- Malignant myopia (when myopia has fundus symptoms or the length of the eyeball continues to increase)
- Ophthalmic complications of diabetes
- Connective tissue diseases
- Keratoconus
- Other co-occurring ophthalmic disorders (for example cataracts, retinal diseases)
- If the central thickness of the cornea is very thin
Not recommended for these special categories
- Anterior surface diseases (for example dry eye, rosacea)
- Under 18 years of age
- Gray cataract
Post-surgery restrictions
- Do not get water in your eyes while showering and do not use make up for a month!
- Do not exercise for the first two weeks, after which you can do cardio exercises. After 1 month you can fully return to exercising, though gradually ramp up the workload. If you are boxing or diving, you may want to wait six weeks after treatment before resuming these forms of exercise.
- Do not rub your eyes!
- Do not sunbathe (not even in protective glasses) or use the sauna for 1 month!
- Avoid dusty places or use safety goggles if you cannot do so!
Your doctor will answer all your questions honestly and in detail. We provide all relevant safety and risk information about the surgical device and the procedure. During the medical examination, please tell your doctor about your detailed medical history, previous eye injuries, and the medications you are taking. Your doctor can only make a safe decision about your eye surgery if he knows this information.
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text:
Shadowbox: Rivers of Paris, Rivers of London
One of the central facets of my novel, SHADOWBOX, is the river goddess known as the Lady, first introduced in THE LAST RHINEMAIDEN.
As a core concept, this river goddess interacts with the main character in subtle ways, and thus the rivers of Paris and London take their place within the novel. In fact, both the Thames and the Seine – with the Rhine completing the picture – shaped the underlying concept behind both novels.
But first: mythology aside, how important are the Seine and the Thames in the landscape? What are their similarities, and their differences, at the point where the river intersects with the city?
The major river in each city is fed from a large catchment area. There are tributaries within the city walls of both Paris and London, some of these minor rivers and streams channeled into the underground drainage systems even as far back as 1832.
Paris lies on the Seine far inland.
Although still navigable, the river is narrow enough to place a gate across the water to allow Customs and Excise duty to be extracted from the river-borne trade. Henry IV fortified the Ile de la Cité in 1514, creating a citadel within the outer boundaries of Paris, and defined the shape of the island.
Around this island – and the Ile St-Louis to the east – the Seine flows westward. A freshwater river, the mesmerising effect of the water rolling at the tip of the Ile de la Cité was described by Tim Powers in "Declare" as:
Standing above the sloped cement piling at the very tip of the island… it had been easy… to imagine that he was at the bow of a vast stone ship pointed downriver towards the distant sea, and that the Ile St-Louis on which he lived was a barge towed behind.
Being narrower, the Seine in Paris has many bridges. Transport moves across its breadth by cart, on foot or on horseback in 1832. Only the smaller Ile Louvier is served by boats, its bank-side flanks silted up, making road transport easy.
The ancient course of the Seine runs in a broad loop of marshland known as Le Marais, where in 1832 the market-gardens flourished. This ancient river-course is a lazy loop of a meander, similar to the curve on the western edge of Paris where the Bois du Boulogne fills a pendulous isthmus. In the past, the loop of the Marais silted up, as do most meanders over time, and the water flows through the straight cut.
You can see how close London came to having a similar landform in this map by Thomas Reveley, which proposed a cut through the Isle of Dogs to create a fast channel.
Thomas Reveley's proposed Thames cutting, 1796
In London, the Thames is a broad river, with salt water in its blood.
The tidal rise and fall helps remove detritus and refuse but also enables larger ships to sail upriver almost to the City. Massive dock complexes built in the Victorian period on the Isle of Dogs are matched by a crenellation of smaller wharves along the river's upper reaches far inland.
By the nature of its breadth, the Thames in London has fewer bridges. I'm no civil engineer, but I imagine that forging a tidal river with permanent bridge struts has different pressures and architecture than a river with a single direction of flow.
There are no islands in London.
Paris has the advantage of shorter spans, thereby enabling bridges with earlier technology to take hold of the river crossing.
The Thames was wider, too, before the construction of the embankments which came later than those in Paris. The picture below (from 1677) shows a broad river with shallow banks, not the wharves and jetties of a wholly constructed city riverside.
The Frozen Thames, 1677 by Abraham Hondius
Paris, too, has a series of small wharves, visible on the map from De Bruyant, but there's nothing to match the Isle of Dogs and the expansion – later in the 19th century – of the massive docks complex. The East India Dock and St Katherine's Dock almost complete Reveley's proposed cutting.
Thames Docks 1882
Visibly, the differences are obvious. Standing in the shadow of Blackfriars Bridge, where I first envisaged the opening chapter of THE LAST RHINEMAIDEN, you can see the wide tidal Thames sweeping downriver past mudlarks and HMS Belfast, pouring the rain from the southern half of England into the North Sea.
"The Thames shouldered its way past Blackfriars Bridge, impatient with the ancient piers… a rush of ugly water that had scented the open sea and was ready to make a run for it." ― J.G. Ballard
In Paris, seen from the Metro where it crosses the Seine between Quai de la Rapée and Gare d'Austerlitz, the river which drains the northern half of France rushes through domestic embankments, channeled, narrow, busy with tourist boats, under the eye of Notre Dame cathedral.
Smaller streams feed each mighty river within the city boundaries.
London's Lost Rivers, a lovely book which I thoroughly recommend, shows where you can track down the underground streams across the city. Paul Talling explains where the little rivers give their names to streets and roads and parks.
Susanna im Bade by Franz von Stuck, 1913
There is one little river within Paris mentioned in The Invention Of Paris: A History In Footsteps by Eric Hazan. The Bièvre (brilliant article with copious photos) is still visible on Google Earth, tracing its way through the landscape to discharge into the Seine, upstream of the islands.
Different rivers, then, with their own particular character.
In mythology, both of these rivers have goddess-names, associated spirits, which reflect their pan-Celtic background.
Thamesis, goddess of the Thames (and the Isis, which is the name for the same river upstream of Oxford).
Sequana, goddess of the Seine, named so by the Parisii who settled on its banks and fought the Romans at Alesia.
Both names have been Latinised – the first taming of the wild Celtic spirit which so revered water-courses, rivers and trees, who Tacitus tells us worshipped a sacred king who ruled until sacrificed by one who would take his place.
But that's a story for another day.
Next post in the SHADOWBOX series: Paris in 1832.
Join me on the trip by subscribing to the RSS feed or sign up in the form on the right to receive posts by email. And bring a lantern.
P.S. Check out the SHADOWBOX page for a full list of posts in this series so far.
on June 5, 2014 at 10:00 am Comments (2)
Tags: #amwriting, franz von stuck, john william waterhouse, london, Paris, river gods, rivers of london, rivers of paris, seine, sequana, tamesis, thames, tim powers
On June 12, 2014 at 3:20 am Shadowbox: Who's Who in 1832 | The Cuckoo Club Archives said:
[…] suffering from severe depression he committed suicide by throwing himself into the River Seine on Christmas Eve , […]
On June 15, 2014 at 9:02 pm Shadowbox: The Maps I Used In 1832 | The Cuckoo Club Archives said:
[…] The 5th post in the SHADOWBOX series: Rivers of Paris, Rivers of London, a supernatural and physical journey across time and […]


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Lukashenko: No more easy money in sport
MINSK, 25 August (BelTA) – The money that athletes and coaches are paid will depend on their performance and concrete results. Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko gave the relevant instructions as he met with players and coaches of the ice hockey club Dinamo Minsk on 25 August, BelTA has learned.
Alexander Lukashenko said: "We have built a system to provide material and financial support to ice hockey players. The same approach will be used in every kind of sport, primarily in competitive sports."
According to the president, as far as ice hockey is concerned, the bulk of the contracts and salaries will go to HC Dinamo Minsk and the national team. "They will have decent money. All the other ones should earn enough for a normal life by working in their clubs to provide for their families. Sport means work. They will not be paid $19,000 per month on average like some coaches were paid last season without winning the top spot," noted the Belarusian leader.
Alexander Lukashenko stressed: "Just like in Canada, just like in the USA ice hockey players in the bottom league will not be paid much in order to encourage them to reach the top teams. People in those teams will be paid well. No crazy money will be paid anymore."
Alexander Lukashenko stated that some coaches and heads of sport clubs used to live several times better than ministers by getting paid a lot. It is not normal when people are paid that much while they achieve no results, while they are ineffective and do no managerial work, noted the Belarusian leader. The practice has to stop.
The president explained that as part of the new system ice hockey players will be handsomely rewarded for performance. "A 100% increase in the annual salary for the first place. Let's say, an 80% increase for the second place. A 60% increase for the third place and so on. But everything will be geared towards results. We cannot pay everyone equally because it offends the best athletes," stressed Alexander Lukashenko.
"You have to work for your money. It is my principled approach. And the government has come up with concrete measures," he noted.
Alexander Lukashenko specified that if money is earned from other sources like sponsor money, the club will own this money and can spend it on financial incentives among other things. "It is your money. Feel free to give it to the team and split among yourselves. Nobody else will touch it," assured the president.
"Don't worry about money if you do your job and play well," the Belarusian leader made it clear. "We are going to only toughen these requirements later on. We will try to pay well good players, who fight for results, who work hard to set an example for others. Those, who fail to produce results, will be paid in kind."
"Everyone, who works as part of the team and for the team, should not be offended," concluded the head of state.
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04/24/2008 05:12 am ET Updated May 25, 2011
ABC Hosts Heckled After Debate: "The Crowd Is Turning On Me"
By Sam Stein
Jeffrey Schneider, Vice President of ABC News told HuffPost that the audience wasn't heckling the hosts for their poor questions, but rather, "The audience in the debate auditorium reacted that we were going to a final commercial."
Reflecting what seemed to be the main consensus of the night - that ABC botched this debate, big time - Charlie Gibson tells the crowd there will be one more, superfluous commercial break of the night and is subsequently jeered.
"OH..." he declares, hands raised in defense. "The crowd is turning on me, the crowd is turning on me."
Off camera, observers let out their frustrations. Watch it:
<2--1509327813--hh>
Visitors to ABC's site weren't much kinder. Here's a sampling on page 1:
...This is AWFUL. Thank goodness for Jon Stewart and Comedy Central. He does a better job of interviewing and asking relevant questions of his guests in 5 minutes than these 2 yahoos have in more than an hour. ABC should be ashamed. George should be ashamed. Charlie should be ashamed. This isn't a debate. This is a hit job.
...Asinine questions - abysmal debate. Fire these silly moderators NOW. They insult the intelligence of the American people.
...I haven't watched ABC "news" in a few years. I see I haven't been missing much! MORE THAN half the debate turned over to Bittergate, Rev Wright, the Weathermen, Tuzla, FLAG LAPEL PINS? Most of the televised debates I've seen this campaign season have been lame, but this one takes the prize. Either you guys are morons or you think that we are. Either way, I'm glad to have seen the last of you. Really, really bad.No winners in this debate, but a definite loser: ABC "NEWS"
...This is the WORST debate I have ever watched. Never in my life have I been more disenchanted with the news media as a whole, especially a news organization such as ABC that I believed to have some sense of purpose to bring substantive information and perspective to the American people. Americans are tired of the snipping between the candidates and the lack of discussion about what each candidate will do to help the country. ABC News should be ashamed for presenting such a failure of a debate.
...Are you kidding me? "We don't have much time left. Let's have a MINUTE to talk about gas?" Charlie and George, you need a crash course on the distinction between "issues" and an "agendas." Hint: The candidates have the former; you have the latter.
...ABC News . . you should be ashamed of this debate. Where did you get these questions?? Where are the ISSUES. We have heard enough about Rev Wright and what Hillary did or didn't do in Bosnia. Let's hear about issues that matter such as the cost of Health Care, the war in Iraq, the Energy Crisi, the Crisis in Our Schools, and THE ECONOMY, STUPID!!
...Geoirge and Charlie= narcissistic elite "journalists" trying to score a rating point, but asking questions that would yield a "F" in middle school journalism. This debate may be used for years in journalism classes, on how to not run a debate. Disney-who owns ABC- get better cartoon characters to run a debate. Elmer Fudd would do much better.
...Has ABC News noticed that your so called "debate" has been universally panned? Charles Gibson is a pandering person more fit for the National Enquirer than a responsible news program. Stephanopoulis is barely better. I am so disappointed but not surprised.
Read reactions and criticism from Huffington Post bloggers to ABC's Pennsylvania Democratic debate
Sam Stein
Senior Politics Editor, HuffPost
Media Charlie Gibson New Video George Stephanopoulos


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Home / health / The 99 worst things to say to someone who is depressed
The 99 worst things to say to someone who is depressed
By HBC Protocols March 07, 2006 0 comments
Some people trivialize depression (often unintentionally) by dropping a platitude on a depressed person as if that is the one thing they needed to hear. While some of these thoughts have been helpful to some people (for example, some find that praying is very helpful), the context in which they are often said mitigates any intended benefit to the hearer. Platitudes don't cure depression.
Here is the list from contributors to asd:
0. "What's your problem?"
1. "Will you stop that constant whining? What makes you think that anyone cares?"
2. "Have you gotten tired yet of all this me-me-me stuff?"
3. "You just need to give yourself a kick in the rear."
4. "But it's all in your mind."
5. "I thought you were stronger than that."
6. "No one ever said life was fair."
7. "As you get stronger you won't have to wallow in it as much."
8. "Pull yourself up by your bootstraps."
9. "Do you feel better now?" (Usually said following a five minute conversation in which the speaker has asked me "what's wrong?" and "would you like to talk about it?" with the best of intentions, but absolutely no understanding of depression as anything but an irrational sadness.)
10. "Why don't you just grow up?"
11. "Stop feeling sorry for yourself."
12. "There are a lot of people worse off than you."
13. "You have it so good, why aren't you happy?"
14. "It's a beautiful day!"
15. "You have so many things to be thankful for, why are you depressed?"
16. "What do you have to be depressed about."
17. "Happiness is a choice."
18. "You think you've got problems…"
19. "Well at least it's not that bad."
20. "Maybe you should take vitamins for your stress."
21. "There is always somebody worse off than you are."
22. "Lighten up!"
23. "You should get off all those pills."
24. "You are what you think."
25. "Cheer up!"
26. "You're always feeling sorry for yourself."
27. "Why can't you just be normal?"
28. "Things aren't *that* bad, are they?"
29. "Have you been praying/reading the Bible?"
30. "You need to get out more."
31. "We have to get together some time." [Yeah, right!]
32. "Get a grip!"
33. "Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be."
34. "Take a hot bath. That's what I always do when I'm upset."
35. "Well, everyone gets depressed sometimes!"
36. "Get a job!"
37. "Smile and the world smiles with you, cry and you cry alone."
38. "You don't look depressed!"
39. "You're so selfish!"
40. "You never think of anyone but yourself."
41. "You're just looking for attention."
42. "Have you got PMS?"
43. "You'll be a better person because of it!"
44. "Everybody has a bad day now and then."
45. "You should buy nicer clothes to wear."
46. "You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar."
47. "Why don't you smile more?"
48. "A person your age should be having the time of your life."
49. "The only one you're hurting is yourself."
50. "You can do anything you want if you just set your mind to it."
51. "This is a place of business, not a hospital." (after confiding to supervisor about my depression)
52. "Depression is a symptom of your sin against God."
53. "You brought it on yourself"
54. "You can make the choice for depression and its effects, or against depression, it's all in your hands."
55. "Get off your rear and do something." -or- "Just do it!"
56. "Why should I care?"
57. "Snap out of it, will you?"
58. "You want to feel this way."
59. "You have no reason to feel this way."
60. "Its your own fault."
61. "That which does not kill us makes us stronger."
62. "You're always worried about *your* problems."
63. "Your problems aren't that big."
64. "What are you worried about? You should be fine."
65. "Just don't think about it."
66. "Go Away."
67. "You don't have the ability to do it."
68. "Just wait a few weeks, it'll be over soon."
69. "Go out and have some fun!"
70. "You're making me depressed as well…"
71. "I just want to help you."
72. "The world out there is not that bad…"
73. "Just try a little harder!"
74. "Believe me, I know how you feel. I was depressed once for several days."
75. "You need a boy/girl-friend."
76. "You need a hobby."
77. "Just pull yourself together"
78. "You'd feel better if you went to church"
79. "I think your depression is a way of punishing us." &emdash;My mother
80. "Sh_t or get off the pot."
81. "So, you're depressed. Aren't you always?"
82. "What you need is some real tragedy in your life to give you perspective."
83. "You're a writer, aren't you? Just think of all the good material you're getting out of this."
84. This one is best executed with an evangelical-style handshake, i.e., one of my hands is imprisoned by two belonging to a beefy person who thinks he has a lot more charisma than I do: "Our thoughts and prayers are with you." This has actually happened to me. Bitten-back response: "Who are 'our'? And don't do me any favors, schmuck."
85. "Have you tried chamomile tea?"
87. "You will be ok, just hang in there, it will pass." "This too shall pass." –Ann Landers
88. "Oh, perk up!"
89. "Try not being so depressed."
90. "Quit whining. Go out and help people and you won't have time to brood…"
91. "Go out and get some fresh air… that always makes me feel better."
92. "You have to take up your bed and carry on."
93. "Why don't you give up going to these quacks (i.e., doctors) and throw out those pills, then you'll feel better."
94. "Well, we all have our cross to bear."
95. "You should join band or chorus or something. That way you won't be thinking about yourself so much."
96. "You change your mind."
97. "You're useless."
98. "Nobody is responsible for your depression."
99. "You don't like feeling that way? So, change it."
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What's your favorite BBQ food?
I have to say that nothing beats a good steak on the grill, but sausages come close.
I have grilled just about everything that can be grilled including paella and shark. Shark is probably my favorite, but I haven't had it since I left California. We would get thresher shark steaks (or swordfish if the shark was out) and then marinade the steaks in a butter, lemon and dill mixture. Then toss the steaks on the grill and occasionally brush the steaks with the left over marinade. I also like to grill corn and bake potatoes.
-- Scully (scully@terrapin-gardens.net), April 26, 2001.
tenderloin of venison... with a red wine marinade... salt, a touch of garlic clove crushed in a mortar and pestle. a simple california red wine will do nicely. a dark green, leafy salad with olive oil and vinegar (not too much), a small potato... rubbed w/ olive oil and sprinkled with salt... 475F for 45 minutes. good company helps.
-- vagar (vagar@usa.net), April 26, 2001.
I tell you that I agree 100%, a BBQ is the BEST. I love to BBQ a beef or chicken saté. That dipped in a great Indonesian Peanut Sauce is amazing! Have an entire meal on the barbie is the best! It woiuld have to involve potatoes covered in garlic butter before being foiled, veggies on the BBQ, saté and some spicy Italian saugaes as well! Haven't quite got to dessert on the BBQ yet. After eating the meal I can't get up one more time to coook more!
-- Rob D (robmail@ottawa.com), April 28, 2001.


Linville Falls Mountain Club is a 210-acres of forest set along the Catawba River, in the Blue Ridge Mountains just down the road from Linville, North Carolina. The community borders the Pisgah National Forest with picturesque views of the Lee Trevino inspired golf course and surrounding mountains and is just 10 minutes from the Blue Ridge Parkway. The southern region of the Blue Ridge Mountains offers a gentle climate with four distinct seasons without the extremes.
Well thought out home sites start at $49,999, create a natural backdrop to manifest your mountain retreat. Responsibly sized Bob Timberlake Cottages and Cabins, offer a rustic done right, vacation get-away. Custom homes are designed for second home or year round mountain living.
If you've been looking for a place to buy or build a home in a beautiful mountain setting, convenient to Banner Elk, Asheville and Grandfather Mountains, this is it.


text:
Al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya () és un municipi palestí de la governació de Ramal·lah i al-Bireh, al centre de Cisjordània, situat 15 kilòmetres al nord-oest de Ramal·lah. Segons l'Oficina Central d'Estadístiques de Palestina (PCBS), tenia una població de 5.752 habitants en 2016. Es troba 950 metres per sobre el nivell del mar, al sud-est del Mont Aasor. Limita al nord amb la vila de Turmus Ayya, al sud amb Silwad i les viles de Kafr Malik, Deir Jarir i Abu Falah.

La ciutat té moltes mansions grans i elaborades, per la qual raó és coneguda com el "Miami de Cisjordània", segons la BBC.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6913724.stm West Bank's own slice of America], 30 July 2007, BBC</ref>

 Història
Al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya ha estat habitada des de mitjans i finals de l'edat del bronze (2000 aC -1000 abans de Crist). S'han trobat descobriments arqueològics al poble i als voltants que es remunten a aquest període. Les persones que han viscut a al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya s'han dedicat a l'agricultura, especialment d'oliveres, vinyes, figueres i ametllers, moltes de les quals van ser plantades al segle VII aC.

Al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya ha estat identificada com la vila craoda anomenada Mezera, i la possible ubicació d'una església croada. En 1112, Arnulf, el patriarca llatí de Jerusalem va concedir els delmes de Mezera a l'abadia de Santa Maria. En 1183 el Patriarca Heracli de Jerusalem va establir una disputa pel que fa als delmes del poble.

 Època otomana
En 1517 la vila fou incorporada a l'Imperi Otomà amb la resta de Palestina, i en els registres fiscals de 1596 apareix com a Mazra'at Abu Tasa, situada a la nàhiya de Jabal Quds del liwà d'al-Quds. La població tenia 29 llars, totes musulmanes. Pagaven un impost fix del 33,3% en productes agrícoles inclosos el blat, ordi, oliveres, vinyes i fruiters, ingressos ocasionals, cabres i ruscs; un total de 3.500 akçe.Nota que Toledano, 1984, p. 296, no identifica Mazra'at Abu Tasa amb Al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya, però en canvi la situa a 35°08′35″E 31°57′15″N. També va assenyalar que el lloc no es va esmentar en els registres de 1525-6 o 1538 -1539.

In 1838 el-Mezra'ah fou registrada com una vila musulmana, part de l'àrea de Beni Murrah, situada al nord de Jerusalem.

Una llista de viles otomanes del 1870 mostra que "el-Mezraa" tenia 177 cases i una població de 641 encara que només hi comptava els homes. També registra que estava situada al sud de Turmus Ayya.Hartmann, 1883, p. 115, also noted 177 houses

En 1882 el Survey of Western Palestine de la Palestine Exploration Fund descrivia Al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya com: «un gran llogaret al cim d'una muntanya, els vessants de la muntanya cobertes de vinyes; també hi ha olives i figues. Les cases són de pedra i adob.»

En 1896 la població de Mezraa, situada a la regió de Beni Murra, fou estimada en unes 801 persones.

 Època del Mandat Britànic
En el cens de Palestina de 1922, organitzat per les autoritats del Mandat Britànic, al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya tenia una població de 824,tots musulmans, que augmentaren en el cens de 1931 a 1.191 musulmans, en un total de 247 cases.

En el cens de 1945 la població era de 1.400, musulmans, mentre que l'àrea total era de 16,333 dúnams, segons una enquesta oficial de terra i població. D'aquests, 7.082 eren reservats per a plantacions i terra de rec, 3.831 per a cereals, mentre que 91 dúnams'' eren classificats com a sòl edificat.

Després de 1948
En la vespra de guerra araboisraeliana de 1948, i després dels acords d'armistici araboisraelians de 1949, Al-Mazra'a ash-Sharqiya fou ocupada pel regne haixemita de Jordània. Després de la Guerra dels Sis Dies de 1967 va romandre sota l'ocupació israeliana.

Referències

Bibliografia

  (p. 582)

  (pp. 213-214)

Enllaços externs
 Welcome To al-Mazra'a al-Sharqiya
 Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons
 Palestinians build luxury houses in the 'Miami of the West Bank 9 November 2012, BBC (video)
 Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya Town (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)
 Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya Town Profile, ARIJ
 Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya aerial photo, ARIJ
 Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya Town, ARIJ

Municipis de Cisjordània


If you like black and white photography, Macphun's Tonality is perfect for maximizing the contrast of a black and white image. What does the Tonality user interface look like? In this movie, author Richard Harrington will walk you through the interface for Macphun's Tonality so you know where all the tools are.
Macphun Software's suite of apps and extensions give Mac-based photographers a broad range of creative options for enhancing tonality, creating black-and-white images, removing unwanted details from photos, and much more. In this course, Rich Harrington showcases the features and creative options that Macphun's tools provide. He also details how to use them as standalone apps or as extensions for Apple's Photos for OS X software and Adobe Photoshop.
Learn how to bring out detail and color with Intensify, convert photos to black and white with Tonality, remove distractions and heal blemishes with Snapheal, use the best filters in Focus, and remove noise and grain—before or after processing—with Noiseless. Rich also shows how to use the Macphun app developed by leading HDR photographer Trey Ratcliff, Aurora HDR, to create gorgeous high dynamic range photos.


Low-Till and No-Till Farming have been on the minds of many of our WNC CRAFT Farmers over the past few years. In short, no-till and low-till farming models aim to disturb the soil structure as little as possible. So traditional moldboard plowing is out in favor of techniques that loosen the soil without turning it over, and keeping the soil covered. Benefits can include improved water-holding capacity, increased microbial life, increased organic matter & soil health, reduced erosion, and less carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, among others. Conventional farmers, in some ways, have been leading the way in these models with intensive cover cropping and equipment, like seed drills, better suited to larger scale farms. But, they often use herbicides to deal with weeds. For small-scale organic and sustainably focused growers in different parts of the country, the approaches need to be more specialized.
Two WNC CRAFT farmers, Goldfinch Gardens and Against the Grain Farm, attended a workshop at Singing Frogs Farm in Sebastopol, CA in October 2017 to learn more about how they incorporate low-till techniques on their farm and see what they could glean to bring back to Western NC (WNC). Both farms received Farmer Professional Development Scholarships from Organic Growers School to attend. Read about their experience in their own words here and here.
For the last WNC CRAFT Farmer Round Table, we wanted to hear more about their experience, how they're incorporating what they learned into their own farm business, and hear from other farmers that are experimenting with low-till farming models, too.
Ben and Cedar, the farmers at Goldfinch Gardens shared their experience, and then we jumped into group discussion. Here some notes from that evening to keep the discussion going!
They do lots of education at Signing Frogs, and have good Youtube videos!
Signing Frogs is very dependent on inexpensive, high-quality compost they are able to buy from their County.
They employ lots of flowering annuals and perennials throughout the farm. Since they don't use a tractor they are able to plant 2-ft of beneficial plants at the head of every row/bed. They also have permanent irrigation heads on each bed.
Tall, wild, and woody hedgerows are integrated throughout the farm offering windbreaks, and beneficial insect habitat.
Landscape fabric keeps the pathways weed free.
When they are transitioning a bed from an old crop to a new they will leave the root mass from the previous crop in the ground, cutting the plant off just below the soil surface so that the root exudates are still active on the roots. Next, come feather meal and compost. They will broad fork some beds as needed. Then, they transplant directly in the bed.
They only use transplants because it is can be difficult to direct seed in a low-till operation since there is more residue left in the beds. If you're using a seeder the bed needs to be well tilthed creating a fine, residue-free planting surface.
While they do have drop irrigation at Singing Frogs, Ben & Cedar were inspired by how little they water, and still have good crops, especially in an arid climate.
They do use a lot of hand labor on the farm too with 5-6 employees throughout the year.
At Goldfinch Gardens Ben & Cedar are in the process of moving toward more low-till.
With crops like peppers, tomatoes, and lettuce they are doing a similar planting process to what they learned at Singing Frogs and it seems to be working.
They do use a seeder still but are trying to get away from it, because it requires some tilthing. While it is not very invasive it still pulverizes the top few inches of soil. They did buy a Jang seeder with a high residue foot so they can hopefully plan in higher residue beds. They are switching to more transplants so they don't have to direct seed as much.
Tarps have proven to be an effective low-till tool for them. They lay the "bunker tarp," out over a section after it's been harvested. The tarp is black on one side and white on the other. After 2-3 weeks, peel it back and all the residue is gone.
The tarp will kill plants by keeping the sun out, but maintains a warm, moist environment that promotes decomposition and microbial life.
They are hoping to be able to cover areas in the early spring, so when they are ready to plant they can simply peel it back, spread compost and transplant without spading.
Ben built a 3-shank chisel plow, that is like an upscale version of a broadfork. It will work for one bed at a time, breaking up the soil, but not turning it over. And, it is faster than a spader and keeps the bed shape. They are trying to use it sparingly though.
While its too soon to gauge if their soil quality has improved, they do feel like their productivity is increasing. Rotations are getting tighter, they're getting more productivity out of a bed, and using less labor to form a bed.
At Away of Life Farm, Jamie & Sara Jane have been using minimal tilling for several years.
Early on they invested in a Keyline Plow, which is a modified chisel plow with 2 shanks that are 16 inches apart, with a C-shaped foot. It lifts the whole bed without turning it over.
They are using tarping, too! They prepped a bed, and covered it with a tarp when it was dry. Then they were able to plant in it this very day despite rainy conditions.
They will flail mow or weed whack down whatever is in the bed section if it's overgrown, and put the tarp down.
A benefit of these techniques is that they've been able to reduce their growing space without losing production volume.
But, using tarps does have a scale limit, most likely. At some point, a farm can be too big for tarping to be efficient in terms of cost and labor.
And, Jamie mentioned that no-till doesn't work against tree roots. If your fields are lined with trees you will most likely need to knock back the feeder roots with tillage on the edges of your field.
Plant cover crop, then cut it down after the seed head has formed. Timing is everything with this method. Theoretically, once the seed head form and its cut down, the plant won't come back.
Thank you to Ben and Cedar for facilitating this great Farmer Round Table!