Spoilers for the anime Land of the Lustrous (Houseki no Kuni) below.
A few days ago I watched Land of the Lustrous to see what all the fuzz was about. I was met with an intriguing production. It being fully CGI, though not being able to live up to the charm of 2D in my opinion, allowed for very satisfying action scenes. Its mystery still has me deep in thought today. And its colourful cast of characters were as interesting as they were fun to look at (the ones that got screen time that is). But where it shone for me was the way Land of the Lustrous handles the character development of its main character, Phosphophyllite.
In Land of the Lustrous certain characters, such as Yellow Diamond, are thousands of years old. But it doesn't seem like they've changed much during that period. Each character received a job long ago, and has been pursuing it since. Phos is the exception to this. According to Sensei they (referring to Phos as they cause they're genderless) weren't cut out for anything. Because of this Phos does not have a task and spends their days lazing around in the grass fields. But the tiniest of changes sets everything in motion.
Phos is assigned to write an encyclopaedia, but being the sluggish gem they are, they never get much done. In an attempt to learn about the shore animals, Phos does seek out Cinnabar however. I just want to point out that Phos has been alive for 300 years, and has never met with Cinnabar prior. I think that just goes to show how little alteration the gems and their daily routines undergo. Phos talks to Cinnabar for the first time because of the encyclopaedia, which leads to their promise. And in order to discover ways to fulfil this promise Phos later delves into the depths of the ocean, uncovering more mysteries than any of the other gems ever have, in a matter of minutes. These gems are clearly habitual creatures, but in Phos' case, even the slightest disturbance has grand-scale consequences.
Of course, we all know Phos' aquatic trek ends in calamity. But this is where things get really interesting. The promise has given Phos purpose, and though they may no longer work on the encyclopaedia (of which they didn't fill out a single page anyways), their new legs open up a large array of possibilities. It's when Phos receives their agate limbs, that we see some major character development. The aimless, slothful, aquamarine gem is suddenly expending energy. They train under the Amethyst twins, leaving them exhausted at the end of each day because they are so worried about possible attacks. And after the twins are almost taken by the Lunarians, Phos despises themselves for being unable to act, punishing themselves by staying awake during the hibernation. Ever since the reception of their new legs, Phos has been fuelled by an unstoppable desire to improve themselves and to help Cinnabar, one-third of their personality has been rewritten. Unfortunately this desire, paired with a unthoughtful comment from Antarcticite, leads to both the loss of their arms, as well as their memories of the promise.
Phos then obtains a new pair of arms, made of a gold-aluminium alloy. But shortly thereafter Antarcticite is taken, and they are filled with grief. Phos' next shift in personality is a lot more noticeable, obviously their appearance changes, but their personality differs significantly from their previous iterations. They're colder, almost emotionless, and haunted by their past, making them an insomniac. Their desire to bring Antarcticite back becomes their incentive for living, replacing the forgotten promise with Cinnabar. She kills countless Lunarians, briefly revives the short-lived Padparadscha, interrogates a Lunarian, and even does the unthinkable: doubting Sensei, all to achieve this. And when Phos does finally remember their promise, they merge the two objectives by asking Cinnabar to help them.
I think it's really unique to have the character development tied to the replacement of body parts. Phos becomes unrecognizable compared to their former self in the span of twelve episodes, maybe 1/2000th of their entire lifetime (yes I roughly calculated that). I don't think all of Land of the Lustrous' character development functions this way, after all, Dia and Bort had a pretty sweet revelation towards the end of the anime and they never had any of their parts replaced. But it is what really sets Phos apart from all the others. It also perfectly explains why Phos has decided to chase the mysteries surrounding Sensei and the world, while all the other gems have an unspoken agreement to trust in Sensei. Phos has lost two-thirds of her memories of Sensei, so it's only natural that she trusts him less and wants to learn more about him. It makes Phos a brilliant vehicle for the viewer to explore this exquisite world and its enigmas. It was a touching experience seen through the eyes of a very unorthodox character.
I loved this anime and Phos' development from a carefree young kid to someone experiencing harsh realities was brilliantly done. Even though she's a gem, her growth was done so organically that it was a joy to watch.


Arcelle, mountain holiday rentals Val Thorens.
Residence "Arcelle". In the centre of la station, in a busy position. In the house: lift, storage room for skis. In Winter: please take snow chains. Shop 20 m, grocery 10 m. Sports centre 20 m, slopes 100 m. IMPORTANT: Due to the "Tour de France 2019" and the "Etape du Tour", arrivals and departures will not be possible on Sunday, July 21st and Saturday, July 27th, the road will be closed. On Friday, July 26th, traffic will be possible ONLY before noon. Please, check information from "Info Route" for traffic conditions.


And you thought identity theft couldn't go any further.. Apparently fake weddings are making womens life miserable in South Africa, Are we next?
"I don't know this man from a bar of soap," she said.
Last week, Bronwyn Gower went to pick up her new identity card and was astonished to find she was now "Mrs Fabian Oshi".
Former British colony? – yes.
Then a Republic, with state-sanctioned "Aparteid"? – yes.
Presents a problem? Is being born and/or raised in a country controlled by a repressive regime a disqualifying factor for people interested in politics?
Everyone born/raised under Hitler's/Mussolini's/Stalin's/Sadaam's/Kim's/etc reigns should not consider moving to the US and getting involved with politics – even indirectly – by marrying someone in politics?
Hoping I missed a joke.
That's what I get for not watching TV, anymore.
It's impossible to understand the parody, if you aren't familiar with the original.


Are you looking for pest control services for commercial property owners in Kent, Surrey and Sussex? We have the knowledge and scheduling flexibility to ensure that your pest problem does not become your customers' pest problem. We will provide commercial property pest control services that have minimal impact on your daily operations. If you're looking for school, cafe and bar pest removal services, contact 3 Counties Pest Control today.
As founding members of the Campaign for Responsible Rodenticide Use, you can be sure that our practices are environmentally friendly. We aim to minimise the impact of pest control on the earth's natural resources while offering your business the maximum amount of protection available. Whether you have mice, mites or flies, the specialist team at 3 Counties Pest Control will eradicate them from your premises.
Don't let bugs disrupt your business!


We've been working hard over the last few months to update the showroom and bring in New Arrivals and displays. It's been great fun and we think its looking great even if we do say so ourselves. The main idea was to group brands and products together but also offer some inspiration for certain looks. We've brought in loads of new products and accessories to style your home.
Our new Globus wall which we have teamed up with the Muuto Stacked and a Pappelina Svea Rug. STUA launched new colours of Globus in the polypropylene a while ago and together with the addition of black or white frames there are now over 60 options for this versatile chair. It's lightweight and has a hole in the back making it really easy to mount on the wall. Visitors to the showroom are encouraged to take them down and try all different colour combinations around the various tables we have.
We have created this dining area using STUA Lau Rectangle Table , Laclasica Chairs, and a Northern Lighting Acorn Pendant Light, the pale wood softens the monochrome look which we have used the Pappelina Lisa Rug, Darø Paso Floor Light. It's also the area we have introduced our accessories from Muuto, Kahler, and Royal VKB. The back drop is Boråstapeter Ypsilon Wallpaper by Arne Jacobsen.
In our String ® area we have added a back drop of Eco Dimensions Wallpaper in green. The theme here was neutral colours and natural materials against the green. STUA Eclipse Coffee Tables and Bruunmunch Play Round Tables are on top of the Pappelina Ilda Rug. Lighting has been a big part of or new displays and this area includes the Northern Lighting Berg Table Light and CPH Lighting Grid Pendant Light.
If all this isn't enough to get you rushing down (or up) to Redbrick Mill to visit us then maybe a bargain will! Of course with all these new products and changes there were inevitably a few pieces which didn't fit in. This means we have a few things to clear at a seriously silly price, but they are going fast so come and see us soon.


Previously preheat the oven to 180 degrees Celsius.
Pour the flour onto a baking sheet then place it in oven and toast the flour, shaking the baking sheet occasionally. Leave in oven for 8 minutes. Remove and reserve.
Toast the almonds until change color in a baking sheet. Now grind the almonds until they are finely ground.
The temperature of the oven should be reduced to 130 degrees.
Cream the butter, sugar and cinnamon in a large bowl. Add the flour, finely ground almonds and beaten egg, and then combine all ingredients. The best way to mix the dough is with your hands.
Place a baking parchment on a work surface. Press the dough together to form a ball. Then flatten it down to about 1/2 inch thickness on the paper.
Use a Christmas cutter to cut out 2" rounds. With a small spatula move carefully the biscuits to a baking sheet for baking. Bake the biscuits on ungreased baking sheet for 25 or 30 minutes.
Remove from oven and allow biscuits to cool completely before removing them.


The Portia Leather Sofa provides a spacious and elegant design for the modern home. Perfect for quiet nights in with family or friends, with a glass of wine or a movie.
It has built-in storage drawer in the side arm and adjustable headrests for optimum comfort. Top quality leather and refined stitching patterns on backrests add the most unique touch to your living room.
Note: Coffee table is not included in the sofa package.


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Land holdings
St. Lawrence Lowlands
Gaspe Peninsula
Press release / Blog
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HomeSquatex's claim to the Government
Squatex's claim to the Government
1 December 2019 Uncategorized
Brossard (Quebec), October 30, 2019 (CNSX: SQX) – The management of Resources & Energy Squatex Inc. (Squatex), in conjunction with its partner Petrolympic Inc. (Petrolympic) announces that, through its attorneys, a lawsuit against the Quebec Government was filed in Superior Court, Quebec Judicial District. Through this procedure, Squatex and its partner are asking the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources to return the annual fees it has collected without having the right to do so since 2011, in connection with the oil and gas exploration licences which they owned since September 1, 2009. The licence period has been suspended since the Oil and Gas Limiting Act came into force on June 13, 2011, so that annual fees were not and still are not payable. As these continued to be collected by the Minister in order to maintain the licences in force, Squatex and its partner are now demanding the return of the sums paid, plus interest. Squatex would also like to clarify to its shareholders, through this press release, that further legal proceedings could be considered against the Government in order to enforce its rights. Indeed, government and ministerial action in recent years has greatly harmed oil and gas exploration and development in Quebec by reducing the ability to finance itself in the markets. The title of Squatex is currently abnormally low as a result. Squatex's management would like to reassure its shareholders that it is taking all necessary measures to maintain the company's operating capabilities.
About Resources & Energy Squatex Inc.
Resources & Energy Squatex Inc. (Squatex; CNSX: SQX) is a Quebec junior oil and gas exploration company founded by Jean-Claude Caron in 2001 with headquarters at 7055 Boul. Taschereau, Office 500, Brossard, Quebec J4Z 1A7. The main activity of the company is, as an operator, to carry out work and studies to assess the oil and gas potential of a territory of 656,093 hectares (ha) under exploration permit (70% Net). Squatex holds 224,933 hectares of exploration permits in the St. Lawrence Lowlands and 431,160 hectares of permits in the Lower St. Lawrence. Squatex also holds a net stake of 28% over 8000 ha under another farm agreement in the St. Lawrence Lowlands.
Certain statements made herein may constitute forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or Squatex's future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could significantly alter their results, returns or what is expressed or suggested by Squatex's statements. Actual events or results may differ. Therefore, the decision to invest in securities and Squatex should not at any time be based on these statements. Squatex disclaims any intention and obligation to update its statements.
SOURCE Resources and Energy Squatex Inc
Contact: Mr. Jean-Claude Caron, President, 450-766-0861.
www.squatex.com
Tweets by Squatex_R_E
Follow @Squatex_R_E
What is Squatex's particular vision of hydrocarbon development in Quebec?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
You are here: Home Reports & data Australia's health Snapshots
Go to Australia's health 2020
Section: Health system
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2020. Mental health services. Canberra: AIHW. Viewed 17 January 2021, https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/mental-health-services
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2020). Mental health services. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/mental-health-services
Mental health services. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 23 July 2020, https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/mental-health-services
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Mental health services [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2020 [cited 2021 Jan. 17]. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/mental-health-services
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) 2020, Mental health services, viewed 17 January 2021, https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/mental-health-services
Part of: Australia's health 2020
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Where do I go for more information?
In any year in Australia, around 1 in 5 (20%) people aged 16–85 will experience mental illness (ABS 2008). Mental illness can affect not just the individual, but also their family, friends and the community—in 2015, Mental and substance use disorders were responsible for around 12% of the total disease burden in Australia (AIHW 2019). See Mental health for more information.
People with mental illness can access a variety of support services, which are delivered by governments, and by the private and not-for-profit sectors.
Mental health treatment, care and support is provided in a range of settings and services, including:
specialised hospital services—public and private
residential mental health services
community mental health care services
private clinical practices
non-government organisation services
allied health services.
Mental health-related care may also be delivered through other services such as disability and homelessness support services.
Health care professionals who provide treatment, care and support within the mental health system include:
psychiatrists and other medical staff
nurses—registered and enrolled
other allied health professionals
mental health consumer and carer workers
other personal care staff.
A considerable number of support services are provided to people with a mental illness each year. For example, state and territory community mental health care services provided around 9.5 million service contacts in 2017–18 (Table 1).
Table 1: Selected mental health-related services provided, 2017–18/2018–19
Selected findings
Medicare-subsidised mental health-related services(a)
12.1 million services in 2018–19
General practitioners (GPs) (31%) were the largest providers of these services.
People accessing Medicare-subsidised mental health-related services
2.7 million people in
2018–19
Almost 11% of Australians accessed these services, up from 5.7% in 2008–09.
Mental health-related prescriptions(b)
39.0 million prescriptions in
4.3 million patients (17% of the Australian population) received these prescriptions
71% of prescriptions were for antidepressant medication(b).
Public sector community mental health care service contacts
9.5 million contacts in
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients received community mental health care services at around 3 times the rate of non-Indigenous patients.
Emergency department (ED) services (public hospitals)
287,000 presentations in
287,000 presentations to public Australian EDs were mental health-related, which was 3.6% of all presentations (up from 2.9% in 2011–12).
Overnight admitted patient hospitalisations
260,250 hospitalisations in
For females aged 12–17, the population rate of overnight separations with specialised care has doubled between 2006–07 and 2017–18.
Same-day admitted patient hospitalisations
61,300 hospitalisations in
For patients aged 18–24, there has been a greater than 3-fold increase, between 2006–07 and 2017–18, in the population rate of same day separations with specialised psychiatric care.
Source: AIHW 2020. Mental health services in Australia.
Includes psychiatrists, GPs, clinical psychologists, other psychologists and other allied health services. These services are billed as mental health-related items, which underestimates the total mental health-related activity, especially for services provided by GPs.
Prescriptions subsidised and under co-payment under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.
About $9.9 billion, or $400 per person, was spent on mental health-related services in Australia in 2017–18; $9.4 billion of this was government mental health expenditure, representing 7.6% of total government health expenditure. Total spending on mental health increased (in real terms) by an annual average of 1.1% per person from 2013–14 to 2017–18. The total expenditure in 2017–18 included:
about $6.0 billion, or $244 per person, spent on state and territory specialised mental health services (including $2.6 billion on public hospital services for admitted patients and $2.3 billion on community mental health care)
about $1.2 billion, or $50 per person, spent on Medicare-subsidised services. This spending increased by an annual average of 3.8% per person from 2013–14 to 2017–18
about $534 million, or $22 per person, spent on mental health-related prescriptions subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (RPBS), mostly to subsidise antipsychotic (49%) and antidepressant (33%) medications.
Between 2007–08 and 2017–18, recurrent per person spending on state and territory specialised mental health services has increased (in real terms) from $209 to $244. This includes increases from:
$62 to $84 for specialised psychiatric units or wards in public acute hospitals (average annual increase of 3.0%)
$82 to $91 for community mental health care services (average annual increase of 1.0%)
$12 to $15 for residential mental health services (annual average increase of 2.3%)
$15 to $18 for grants to non-government organisations (average annual increase of 2.0%)
$10 to $13 for other indirect expenditure (average annual increase of 2.5%).
During the same period, per person spending decreased from $27 to $23 for public psychiatric hospitals (average annual decrease of 1.8%).
See Health expenditure.
A variety of professionals deliver care and support to people with mental illness, including psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health nurses, GPs, social workers, counsellors and peer workers. Available workforce data for some of these professions indicate that in 2017:
there were about 26,300 registered psychologists, 22,200 mental health nurses and 3,400 psychiatrists in Australia
about 4 in 5 (79%) psychologists were women while about 3 in 5 (61%) psychiatrists were men
3 in 10 (30%) mental health nurses were men compared with about 1 in 10 (11%) people in the general nursing workforce
1 in 3 (33%) mental health nurses and about 2 in 5 (44%) psychiatrists were aged 55 and over. The age profile of registered psychologists was younger, with around 7 in 10 (72%) aged under 55.
In 2017–18, there were about 33,500 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff employed in state and territory specialised mental health care services. Nationally, this equates to 135 FTE staff per 100,000 population. In 2016–17, about 3,500 FTE staff were employed in private hospital specialised mental health services, equating to 15 FTE staff employed per 100,000 population.
See Health workforce.
In Australia, there has been a sustained effort to minimise the use of restrictive practices, such as seclusion and restraint, in mental health care settings. The National Mental Health Commission's Position Statement on seclusion and restraint in mental health calls for leadership across a range of priorities, including 'national monitoring and reporting on seclusion and restraint across jurisdictions and services' (NMHC 2015).
See Safety and quality of health care.
Restrictive practices
Seclusion is defined as the confinement of a patient at any time of the day or night alone in a room or area from which free exit is prevented. Restraint is defined as the restriction of an individual's freedom of movement by physical or mechanical means. Reducing and, where possible, eliminating the use of seclusion and restraint is a policy priority in Australian mental health care and has been supported by changes to legislation, policy and clinical practice.
The rate of seclusion has fallen in specialised acute public hospital mental health services over the past decade—from 13.9 seclusion events per 1,000 bed days in 2009–10 to 7.3 events per 1,000 bed days in 2018–19 (Figure 1). This is equivalent to an average annual fall of 7.0% over this period. There has also been a reduction in the duration of seclusion events, which fell by an annual average of 9.0% between 2014–15 and 2018–19.
The use of mechanical restraint has fallen from 1.7 events per 1,000 days of patient care in 2015–16 to 0.6 in 2018–19. The use of physical restraint has remained relatively stable, since reporting began in 2015–16, at about 10 to 11 events per 1,000 days of patient care (Figure 1).
The rate of seclusion events per 1,000 bed days for public sector acute mental health hospital services in Australia has generally decreased between 2009–10 (13.9) and 2018–19 (7.3), most rapidly between 2009–10 and 2013–14. It is difficult to make out trends for restraint, but from the 4 years available, there has been a decline in mechanical restraint between 2015–16 (1.7 events per 1,000 bed days) and 2018–19 (0.6 events per 1,000 bed days), while physical restraint has varied between around 10 and 11 events per 1,000 bed days.
Figure 1 data table (124KB XLSX)
The Your Experience of Service (YES) survey is designed to gather information from mental health consumers about their experiences of care. To date, New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland state specialised mental health services have implemented the YES survey and it is expected that data from other jurisdictions will become available once they have fully implemented the survey. Each state has chosen a method of administration that best suits its local needs. New South Wales uses a 'continuous' approach, where consumers are offered the YES survey at the end of each episode of care. Victoria and Queensland use a 'snapshot' approach, where consumers are offered the YES survey over a particular time of the year (2 or 3 months in Victoria and 4 or 6 weeks in Queensland). Therefore, comparisons between jurisdictions with different methods should be made with caution. In 2017–18, more than 28,600 YES surveys were collected by 85 mental health service organisations across New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. The results of the survey found that:
in admitted care in 2017–18, 69% of respondents in New South Wales, 50% in Victoria and 47% in Queensland reported a positive experience of service
in ambulatory (non–admitted) care in 2017–18, 79% of respondents in Queensland, 78% in New South Wales and 74% in Victoria reported a positive experience of service
in residential care in 2017–18, 79% of respondents in Queensland and 78% in Victoria reported a positive experience of service.
See Patient experience of health care and Physical health of people with mental illness.
For more information on mental health services, see:
Mental health services in Australia: in brief 2019.
Visit Mental health services for more on this topic.
If you or someone you know needs help please call:
Beyond Blue 1300 22 4636
Kids Helpline 1800 55 1800
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 2008. National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: summary of results, Australia, 2007. ABS cat. no. 4326.0. Canberra: ABS.
AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare) 2019. Australian Burden of Disease Study: impact and causes of illness and death in Australia 2015. Australian Burden of Disease Study series no. 19. Cat. no. BOD 22. Canberra: AIHW.
AIHW 2020. Mental Health Services in Australia. Web report. Viewed 30 January 2020.
NMHC (National Mental Health Commission) 2015. Position statement on seclusion and restraint in mental health. Sydney: NMHC.
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Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace is a good historical novel, though it is not as fast-paced as the movie. Wallace's writing is a bit stilted in places with the verbosity common to the later 19th century. (Speaking of stilted and verbose, how do you like them fancy words?) Even with those negatives, the book has ample, accurate descriptions of the life and culture of Judea during the time of Christ. It is also a great fictional account of God's providence working through all the suffering and pain of individuals to bring about their good and His glory. I also enjoyed reading a fictitious narrative of how a Jewish zealot who expected the Messiah to be a conquering military hero overthrowing Rome became aware that Christ instead came to set His people spiritually free and set up his kingdom in their hearts. Still, it is one of the few books where I actually enjoyed the movie more the book. It is hard to beat Charlton Heston's 1957 portrayal of Ben Hur.
deals with the betrayal of Ben-Hur by his former childhood friend. This betrayal has disastrous results upon Ben-Hur and his family and servants. Two forces have direct influence in keeping him alive in the slave galley of a Roman naval ship: his thirst for revenge and his desire to find out what has happened to his family. Indirectly through many means, God is working through His providence to bring Ben-Hur to realize that vengeance is the Lord's and that compassion is the true channel by which one is freed from one's past. Ben-Hur also has two love interests in the book through whom he learns that outward appearances do not always match inward beauty. This book is recommended to those who enjoy historical fiction dealing with betrayal, revenge, and redemption and do not mind the verbose prose of the nineteenth century.


A name usually given to a cool scene kid. he listens to a smorgasboard of music, everything ranging from cyndi lauper to my chemical romance. he is an awsome brother and probably one of the weirdest kids you'll ever meet. he has a very odd sense of humor and wears jeans on forty degree days. peace out brussel srout.
Kael,You mean the really cute one that plays the guitar?!
A woman beating, unfaithful, controlling man. He lies to the woman he loves, beats her, suffocates her, and treats her as if she were trash. If you were to ever encounter a Kael, evacuate the premises IMMEDIATLY. They will do nothing but harm you.
Kael Mouillierat is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing within the New York Islanders organization in the National Hockey League.


- Rifle scope works with night vision goggles.
- Integrated night vision and thermal vision can be switsched off.
Key on Majors? No CBA required?
so i take it everyone is ok with small clientside mods like this?
such as ones the get rid of that abomination they call high dynamic range!


Add some romance to your wardrobe with this lovely Gypsy lace choli top. Features an opaque modesty panel in front and ties in back for a comfortable, adjustable fit.
Please note: Our sizing does not necessarily reflect the manufacturer's label.
Another Christmas gift under my tree! Looks fabulous with the 25 yard skirt also under my tree! Well made and a perfect match to the skirt! So happy!


At the end of the BigBrotherAwards gala 2016, we gave our audience their say as usual. Our guests could et us know in a vote which of the awards they found especially "impressive, surprising, shocking, or outrageous".
The result of the audience vote 2016 was strikingly clear, compared to earlier years. Since we had a slightly lower number of "candidates", it was more likely that the result would feature higher percentages. Still it is remarkable that for the first time we have a single, clear "front-runner" with an absolute majority: the lifetime award for the interior secret service that calls itself "Protection of the Constitution". All other votes were fairly evenly distributed between the other categories.
How dare they to first exploit us and then even spy on us!
I have read "The Circle" (or rather listened to the audio book) and I completely agree with the laudator.
change.org have shown courage. Although open questions remain and the criticism of change.org might be wholly justified, Mr Hackmack has stood up for himself and invited a debate. That takes guts, and it's an invitation to a constructive dialogue. My respect for that!
Severe contradictions between the official line and the actual practices in data protection.
He has shown by his attitude that he has not understood anything (except that it was a rather negative award).
For the threat that such a campaigning platform (change.org) might receive a position of enormous power in political opinion-forming, and exploit this in unpredictable and arbitrary (e.g. undemocratic or socially unacceptable) ways.
The bigotry between external presentation and true intention – of course this item also had the highest entertainment factor, with the German executive director.
The erosion of solidarity in society is the biggest threat to democracy – it has begun stealthily and is manifested through gamification.
The one closest to people's lives.
I believe that what Generali does, many others are doing as well. The capturing of data in all aspects of life is spreading. We must be aware of it everywhere.
Important to society as a whole.
Who will protect us from the "Protection of the Constitution"?
A truly democratic state that respects fundamental and human rights can not afford to run such an operation.
Dissolve the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution immediately. Give a BigBrotherAward to every individual informer.
Ten (known) murders are enough!
Finally! So many reasons, for decades!


The student seeking emergency assistance must be a full-time undergraduate or graduate student in the NMSU Department of Public Health Sciences. The student must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 and demonstrate emergent financial need.
The application process includes the following components be submitted to the Public Health Sciences Department Head.
Body of the letter should include reason for request.
The student must schedule an appointment with the Public Health Sciences Department Head to review and discuss their situation after they've assembled their application packet.
After these documents are obtained by the Department of Public Health Sciences, they are to be reviewed by a committee in the Department of Public Health and Social Services comprised of a Public Health Sciences advisor, Public Health Sciences Department Head, and one member of the Dean's staff.
If approved the student is able to receive up to $500.00 per occurrence. The student will be notified by the Alumni Coordinator regarding the outcome of their application.
Recipients of the scholarship will be required to write a hand-written thank you letter addressed to the donor(s), approved by the Alumni Coordinator, and submit a photo in professional attire. Recipients will also be required to attend the annual scholarship reception that takes place during the fall semester of each year.
Carol Smallwood graduated with a Bachelors in Community Health in 1982 . Ms. Smallwood is Vice President of Claims & Customer Service Subsidized Exchange at BlueCross/BlueShield of Arizona. She serves as chair the College's advisory Board, created a scholarship to honor her mentor, Dr. John B. Savage, and recently created the Smallwood Emergency Fund for students in need of additional support and who might otherwise drop out of school. Carol has been a Strong supporter and valued friend of the College and the Public Health program here at NMSU. She was awarded the college alum of the year in 1988.


text:
Pierre-François Lacenaire, the French poet who doubled as a forger, thief, and murderer.
A Gentleman (Murderer) in Paris
By Sarah Weinman
The Sinner and the Saint: Dostoevsky and the Gentleman Murderer Who Inspired a Masterpiece by Kevin Birmingham
First, let me explain how long I have been waiting for this book. In the proposal I prepared in the spring of 2016 for The Real Lolita, my first nonfiction work, about the true story that informed Nabokov's classic, I mentioned The Sinner and the Saint as a possible comparison title. The real-life case that inspired Fyodor Dostoyevsky's 1866 masterwork, Crime and Punishment, written by Kevin Birmingham, the same author who had, in 2014's The Most Dangerous Book, delightfully chronicled the various obscenity trials and tribulations of James Joyce's Ulysses? I was already sold. Thankfully, the long march to publication was well worth it.
The "real-life case" in question concerned the deeds of Pierre-François Lacenaire (the surname fittingly suggests larceny at its heart), a Parisian author, manipulator, and eventual murderer whose crimes, for which he was ultimately executed, scandalized the city in the mid-1830s—and caught the retrospective attention of Dostoyevsky, whose early literary success with his debut novel, Poor Folk (1846), had been pulverized by radical politics, imprisonment, hard labor, physical maladies, the agonizing deaths of loved ones, and a vicious gambling addiction that yoked him to writing as a means of naked survival. As he once wrote, "Yes, if it's impossible to write I will die."
Fyodor Dostoyevsky, circa 1865.
Dostoyevsky was in a bind: he needed to write what was eventually published as The Gambler in order to satisfy crushing debts. But the morsel of a story about a young man driven to kill, and the aftermath of those brutal acts, kept growing into the serially published Crime and Punishment. Its publication was not exactly a redemption story for Dostoyevsky, but it led him out of one trench of darkness into the most creatively successful portion of his literary career.
Birmingham evokes Dostoyevsky's life, struggles, and torment in rich, evocative prose, clearly drawing from many years of research and immersion in the author's work, biography, and other primary sources. Describing Dostoyevsky's return to St. Petersburg after 10 years in prison for criticizing Russian religion and politics, Birmingham writes: "He knew that the first sight of home would be like a scale telling the weight of what he had lost." One feels the weight and brokenness of all that Dostoyevsky has endured, and how critical it was for him to find a way out, and forward.
In 1865, a destitute Dostoyevsky began filling notebooks with ideas and scenes for a new story: two brutal axe killings, told from the murderer's perspective.
The Lacenaire chapters don't quite have the same emotional force. Perhaps it is because the double murder of a mother and son he instigated with two others was too brutal to be reconciled to any justifications Lacenaire later published. I couldn't help but wonder if Birmingham hoped for more tangible connections between the real-life case and the novel, and while they are present, they are related with less interest than the chapters having to do with Crime and Punishment.
This is not altogether surprising—real-life murderers, even those with supposed intellectual bona fides such as Lacenaire, turn out to be depressingly common and banal. They are the least interesting figures in their own story, because no matter how much they attempt to explain why they took away the life of another (or several), they cannot overcome the totality of that loss, and the humanity of those who no longer exist.
Raskolnikov and Marmeladov, in an illustration for an 1874 edition of Crime and Punishment.
Dostoyevsky's fictive Raskolnikov can convey more emotional truths because of the curiosity and talent of his creator, who "had a compulsion not just to open a wound but to examine it," Birmingham writes, "to probe it with his finger."
A recent re-read of Crime and Punishment bolsters Birmingham's assertion of the open wound: I had forgotten how visceral Dostoyevsky gets in describing Raskolnikov's murders of Alyona Ivanova and especially that of her disabled younger sister, Lizaveta. Birmingham, however, never does, and so he creates a companion nonfiction volume that illuminates the novel in fresh and exciting ways.
432 pages, Penguin Press, $30
The Sinner and the Saint is available at your local independent bookstore, on Bookshop, and on Amazon.
Sarah Weinman is the author of The Real Lolita and the forthcoming Scoundrel: How a Convicted Murderer Persuaded the Women Who Loved Him, the Conservative Establishment, and the Courts to Set Him Free
Illustrations: the Scientific Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library (NIOR RGB)/The Russian State Archive of Literary Art (RGALI), Moscow (notebook); Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images (Crime and Punishment). Photos: Smith Archive/Alamy (Lacenaire); Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/Getty Images (Dostoyevsky)


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Ravi Chandra, V and Rao, Sumathi and Sen, Diptiman (2007) Renormalization group study of the Kondo problem at a junction of several Luttinger wires. In: Physical Review-B, 75 (4). 045435:1-14.
We study a system consisting of a junction of N wires, where the junction is characterized by a scalar S-matrix, and an impurity spin is coupled to the electrons near the junction. The wires are modeled as weakly interacting Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids. We derive the renormalization group RG equations for the Kondo couplings of the spin to the electrons on different wires. We analyze the RG flows and fixed points for different values of the initial Kondo couplings and of the junction S-matrix, such as the decoupled S-matrix and the Griffiths connected S-matrix. We find that the Kondo couplings flow either towards a ferromagnetic FM fixed point or towards large and antiferromagnetic AFM values in one of two ways. For the Griffiths S-matrix, one of the strong coupling flows is towards a FM fixed point with decoupled wires; this is seen by a perturbative analysis. Thus if we start with a system of connected wires with an AFM coupling to the spin impurity, the flow at large distances is towards a system of disconnected wires at the FM fixed point. For the decoupled S-matrix, the flow is either to a FM fixed point or to one of two strong coupling fixed points in which all the channels are strongly coupled to each other through the impurity spin. Strong interactions between the electrons with $K_\rho< N/(N+2)$ can stabilize a multichannel fixed point in which the coupling between different channels goes to zero. We also study the temperature dependence of the conductance at the decoupled and Griffiths S-matrices.


text:
Bionicon ist ein deutscher Fahrradhersteller und gilt als Erfinder der pneumatischen Geometrieverstellung bei Mountainbikes.

Geschichte
Bionicon nahm im Jahr 2002 die Produktion mit der Herstellung von Mountainbikes auf. Vier Jahre später im Jahr 2006 erfolgte, aufgrund der Optimierung der Infrastruktur, der Umzug in ein neues Firmengebäude, welches bis heute Sitz des Unternehmens ist.

Produkte
Die Erfindung der Federwegsverstellung durch Miteigentümer Andreas Fels ist mit der Gründung des Unternehmens gleichzusetzen. Das Prinzip der Verstellung wurde durch den Klettergang von Gämsen inspiriert. Weitere  patentierte Entwicklungen rund um das Mountainbike durch Bionicon sind zum Beispiel eine Getriebekurbel, die gemeinsam mit Nicolai, einem anderen deutschen Mountainbikehersteller, entwickelt und vermarktet wird sowie eine neu entwickelte und gewichtsreduzierte Kettenführung.

Rezeption in der Fachpresse
 Schlecker, Chris 2006, Die Axt im Walde, in: Freeride Magazin 03/2006, S. 80 ff.
 Lesewitz, Henri 2006, Das Ziegenprinzip, in: BIKE Magazin 12/2006, S. 118 ff.
 Sebal, Rainer 2008, EXTRA: Die Bikes und Parts der neuen Saison, S. 7, in: MountainBIKE 09/2008.
 Hain, Johannes 2015, Wenn eine Region das System bestimmt, S. 78–82. in WOMB 02/2015.

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher Fahrradhersteller
Produzierendes Unternehmen (Landkreis Miesbach)
Rottach-Egern
Gegründet 2002
Unternehmen (Oberfranken)
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Weiden in der Oberpfalz)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The mocha polka dot print on this bow is so cute. It can be worn with jeans & a t-shirt or to go out on the town.
The bow is handmade from cotton fabric. It is attached to a 1 13/16" alligator clip.
The bow is approx. 4" wide x 2 1/2" high.
Please note: Pattern placement may vary slightly from the picture as all bows are handmade.


Misae Suma Shrine is located in the southern area of the desert, southwest of Gerudo Town. So you will probably be frustrated to find out that when you finally get there, a Gerudo has passed out right on top of the activation pedestal. Being too polite to simply push her off, we will have to complete this Shrine Quest to find her a Noble Pursuit, a drink that she desires.
Return to Gerudo Town and go to the outer part of the city to find what is basically the city bar. You're apparently underage but if you tell the bartender, Furosa, about Pokki, the Gerudo at the Shrine, she will help you out. In order to craft a Noble Pursuit, she needs ice, and that is a bit of a snag in a desert like this. Thankfully there is a place to the north where the Gerudo store their ice.
Go to the area specified on your Sheikah Slate. It is around some ancient columns and ruins. Be sure to eliminate every enemy you see to make things easier on the way back. You will have to arrive during the day or else Anchi, the Gerudo who mans the Icehouse, won't be available.
Speak with Anchi and she will give you a giant block of ice. You only have to carry it to the entrance of the ruins and then Furosa will pick it up and finish the task. There's one catch though…it's daytime. And that means the ice will progressively melt.
To make things worse, new enemies have spawned all over the ruins and taking a hit means losing your precious ice. The way to navigate the ruins is to stick to the shadows. Your ice will remain intact so long as you leave it in shadow. Then wipe out the enemies. Beware the sun's movement as the day progresses!
Toddle your little legs as fast as you can to the entrance where Furosa will take the ice cube back to her bar. Now you will have to go back to the Misae Suma Shrine the long way since you cannot fast travel there yet.
Tell Pokki that Noble Pursuits await her back at Gerudo Town and she will miraculously revive, ready to run off into the sunset. The Shrine Quest will be complete and now you can finally activate the Misae Suma Shrine.


text:
Евге́ний Вита́льевич Краси́льников () — советский и российский волейболист, связующий, игрок сборных СССР, СНГ и России (1988—1996). Серебряный призёр Олимпийских игр 1988 года, обладатель Кубка мира 1991 года, чемпион Европы 1991 года. Заслуженный мастер спорта СССР (1992).

Биография
Евгений Красильников родился 7 апреля 1965 года в городе Кургане Курганской области.

Начал заниматься волейболом в ДЮСШ № 4 города Горького. Первый тренер — В. С. Жданов.

После окончания школы переехал в Москву, где играл сразу за две команды, института, в котором учился и дубль «Динамо» (Московская область).

Выступал за команды:
 1983—1992 — «Динамо» (Московская область),
 1992—1994 — «Халкбанк» (Анкара, Турция),
 1994—1995 — «Левша» (Тула),
 1995—1996 — «Эмлякбанк» (Анкара, Турция),
 1996—1999 — клубы Турции,
 1999—2000 — клубы Польши,
 2000—2002 — клубы Израиля,
 2002—2008 — «Зоркий» (Красногорск, Московская область)
 2012—2014 — «Кристалл» (Москва) — любительская волейбольная лига

Четырёхкратный серебряный призёр чемпионатов СССР (1984, 1985, 1988, 1989), бронзовый призёр союзного первенства 1986, бронзовый призёр чемпионата России 1993. Двукратный чемпион Турции (1993 и 1994).

В составе молодёжной сборной СССР в 1984 стал чемпионом Европы, а в 1985 — чемпионом мира.

В сборных СССР, СНГ и России в официальных соревнованиях выступал в 1988—1996 годах. В их составе:
 серебряный призёр Олимпийских игр 1988,
 бронзовый призёр чемпионата мира 1990,
 обладатель Кубка мира 1991,
 бронзовый призёр розыгрыша Кубка мира 1989,
 чемпион Европы 1991,
 бронзовый призёр европейского первенства 1993,
 серебряный (1993) и двукратный бронзовый (1991, 1996) призёр Мировой лиги,
 участник Олимпийских игр 1992,
 участник чемпионата Европы 1989,
 участник розыгрышей Мировой лиги 1990, 1992, 1994, 1995 годов.
 дважды чемпион Турции.
 обладатель приза лучшего игрока чемпионата (Израиль)
 обладатель Кубка России среди ветеранов.

После завершения спортивной карьеры — тренер по работе с детскими командами волейбольного клуба «Зоркий» (Красногорск, Московская область).

Евгений Красильников умер 6 марта 2014 года в возрасте 48 лет в городе Красногорске Московской области.

Источники
 Волейбол. Энциклопедия / Сост. В. Л. Свиридов, О. С. Чехов. — Томск: Компания «Янсон», 2001.
 Детские тренеры ВК «Зоркий»
 Светлана Свешникова. Лица. Евгений Красильников

Примечания

Волейболисты СССР
Волейболисты России
Серебряные призёры летних Олимпийских игр 1988 года
Волейболисты на летних Олимпийских играх 1988 года
Волейболисты на летних Олимпийских играх 1992 года
Чемпионы Европы по волейболу
Игроки ВК «Динамо» Москва
Игроки ВК «Халкбанк»
Спортсмены Нижнего Новгорода


text:
Ildemaro is a given name. Notable people with the name include:

 Ildemaro Fernández (born 1961), Venezuelan footballer
 Ildemaro Sánchez (born 1954), Venezuelan fencer and Olympian
 Ildemaro Vargas (born 1991), Venezuelan baseball player


text:
About Natural Gas
Natural Gas Emissions
Natural Gas in Canada
LNG as a Marine Cargo
LNG as a Marine Fuel
Initiatives Underway
About Clear Seas
LNG & Marine Shipping #clearfacts #LNG #marinesafety
#clearfacts#LNG#marinesafety
Worldwide, the demand for natural gas is increasing. As a result, a number of liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminals are proposed or in progress in Canada. Both the amount of LNG transported by ship and the number of ships fuelled by LNG are expected to increase in Canadian waters.
Although the transport and use of LNG by ship are not without risks, measures taken to reduce those risks have resulted in the safe transport of LNG by ship for the past sixty years.
This site's purpose is to share objective information about the use of LNG as a cargo and fuel source for the marine shipping industry – including the benefits and risks of LNG use and carriage, and what's being done to reduce those risks – and to encourage informed conversations about these issues.
This site was created by Clear Seas Centre for Responsible Marine Shipping, an independent research centre that supports safe and sustainable marine shipping in Canada.
Natural gas is a naturally occurring flammable hydrocarbon used extensively as a fuel.
Once extracted from the ground, natural gas is processed to remove components such as:
Hydrogen Sulphide
Learn more about natural gas exploration and production in Canada
Natural gas extraction requires drilling – either vertically or horizontally – and often hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to reach the gas deep underground and bring it to the surface. New technologies have made natural gas reservoirs easier to access, resulting in increased production and lower costs.
Natural gas has been found and produced in almost all areas of Canada but most production today occurs in Western Canada. The process of extracting natural gas includes:
Exploration, licensing and permitting
Site preparation and well construction
Horizontal or vertical drilling deep underground
Stimulation (such as fracking) to enable gas to flow into the well
Well operation to collect natural gas for 10 to 30 years
Well closure and land reclamation
Refined natural gas, which is mainly methane, is transported by pipeline to population centres for industrial, commercial and residential use, primarily:
For transport by ship, natural gas must first be cooled to a liquid to significantly reduce its volume. Known as LNG, it requires 600 times less space while kept at -160°C and near atmospheric pressure for efficient transport over long distances.
Natural gas emits significantly fewer air pollutants than most other fuels and is non-corrosive and non-toxic.
Natural gas is viewed by many as an abundant, cost-effective and cleaner fuel and is expected to overtake coal and become the second leading source of energy worldwide – behind oil – by 2040.
Common Pollutants: SOx, NOx and Particulate Matter
Compared to conventional fuels such as coal, heavy fuel oil, diesel and gasoline, the combustion of natural gas produces 85-90% less sulphur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter and 35-85% less nitrogen oxides (NOx), depending on engine type. With increasingly strict air pollution regulations in effect in many areas around the world, replacing other fuels with LNG will improve air quality and reduce harm to human health and the environment.
Estimates of the potential reduction in climate change effects by adopting natural gas as a fuel vary widely. Determining the overall impact on climate change requires consideration of the various greenhouse gases released throughout the supply chain, from natural gas's extraction from the ground to its combustion in an engine.
When burned, natural gas produces an average of 15% to 29% less carbon dioxide than conventional fuels. The actual value is dependent on the source of the gas and the conventional fuel being compared. For example, natural gas produces approximately half as much carbon dioxide as coal does during combustion.
These apparent benefits of natural gas combustion are reduced by the impacts of:
Lifecycle emissions
Different methods to extract, process and transport natural gas produce different amounts of carbon dioxide.
Methane slip
Releasing natural gas (methane) inadvertently into the atmosphere through leaks during handling or transport or due to incomplete combustion has up to 25 times the climate warming effect of carbon dioxide.
For instance, the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of LNG are estimated to be 6% to 10% less than emissions from heavy fuel oil, which is currently the most commonly used shipping fuel. Some studies report even less or no benefit, depending on the amount of methane slip that occurs. The range depends on efficiencies in production, transport and handling to reach the end user, and the types and efficiencies of ship engines used. By using efficient engines, careful LNG transfer procedures, and education and training, the amount of methane slip that occurs during ship refuelling and operating can be significantly reduced, increasing the benefit from using LNG as a marine fuel.
Fuel lifecycle climate warming impact
When comparing the CO2-equivalent emissions of different fuels per 1 tonne of cargo transported 1 km by ship, the total climate warming impact of LNG exceeds that of heavy fuel oil when the amount of methane slip from LNG use is greater than approximately 1% of the volume of LNG.
Methane slip as a percentage of fuel Lifecycle GHG emissions [g CO2-eq./ tonne km]
Marine Gas Oil (MGO)
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
LNG from Qatar
Research is underway to reduce the climate change impacts of natural gas use by identifying ways to prevent methane slip and also integrating renewable gas sources such as biomass into the supply.
Canada was the fourth largest producer of natural gas in the world with 5% of global production in 2017. Approximately half of Canadian natural gas is exported by pipeline within North America, for a net value of $6.7 billion in 2017.
In response to the increasing demand for natural gas around the world, a number of LNG export terminals have been proposed in Canada to move natural gas to overseas markets.
A total of 18 LNG export facilities have been proposed in Canada:
Stewart LNG Export Project
Stewart, BC
Kitsault Energy Project
Kitsault, BC
Orca LNG
New Times Energy
Watson Island
Kitimat LNG
Kitimat, BC
LNG Canada
Cedar LNG Project
Discovery LNG
Woodfibre LNG
Steelhead LNG/Kwispaa LNG
Sarita Bay, BC
WesPac LNG Marine Terminal/ Tilbury Pacific LNG Jetty
Triton LNG
Location to be determined
Energie Saguenay
Saguenay, QC
Stolt LNGaz
Becancour, QC
Goldboro LNG
Goldboro, NS
Bear Head LNG
Canso, NS
AC LNG Canada, Byers Cove
Guysborough, NS
Combined, these terminals have a total proposed export capacity of 87.5 million cubic metres per year of LNG. Transporting this volume of LNG to overseas markets would require LNG carriers to make approximately 330 trips per year.
Approximately 330 LNG Carrier Trips
Canada has two LNG facilities currently in operation:
Canaport LNG
Canaport LNG at the Port of Saint John, New Brunswick has been importing LNG from overseas, storing it, and returning it to natural gas to supply the North American pipeline grid since 2009.
Tilbury LNG
Tilbury LNG plant in Delta, British Columbia has been liquefying natural gas since 1971 for local use. A recent expansion and supply agreement has made Tilbury LNG the first facility regularly exporting LNG to China, using shipping containers to transport the LNG.
The number of LNG carriers in operation is increasing with over 525 vessels worldwide in 2018. A single LNG carrier can transport enough energy to heat the homes of approximately half the population of Saint John, New Brunswick for a year.
LNG Carrier Saint John, New Brunswick
Transporting natural gas as a marine cargo requires a number of steps:
LNG Lifecycle
Gas Field
Liquefaction Facility
LNG Storage Tank
LNG Carrier
Regasification Facility
Gas is extracted from the ground and processed to remove impurities and other gases
Gas is transported to population centres and export terminals
Gas is cooled to -160ºC to condense into 600 times less space
LNG is kept liquid in an insulated tank near atmospheric pressure until it can be loaded on a ship
LNG is kept liquid in insulated tanks near atmospheric pressure with no further cooling needed during transport
LNG is kept liquid in an insulated tank near atmospheric pressure until it is needed as a gas
LNG is converted back to gas using a heat exchanger, in a process called regasification
Gas is transported from import terminals to population centres
Gas is used to cook food, heat and cool homes, generate electricity, and power vehicles
Back to lifecycle
LNG Carriers
In January 1959, the world's first LNG carrier – aptly named the Methane Pioneer – transported approximately 5,090 cubic metres of LNG from Lake Charles, Louisiana to the United Kingdom. Since then, LNG carriers have undergone a 50-fold increase in capacity – the largest LNG carrier today can transport 265,000 cubic metres of LNG.
Both rectangular and spherical tanks are commonly used in LNG carriers today:
LNG carriers are designed and constructed with many safety features including insulated tanks and double hull structures. In the past 60 years of LNG carriage, there have been some minor LNG spills during cargo loading and unloading operations, but no incidents resulting in a spill of LNG from a ship while in transit have been reported.
Other safety mechanisms to prevent LNG spills include:
Overfill protection for cargo tanks to automatically stop loading when a certain level is reached.
Overpressure protection valves on each tank to keep the tank at the ideal pressure throughout the voyage.
Extensive safety procedures and training for safe operations.
LNG Import and Export Terminals
LNG import and export terminals are located throughout the world, allowing ships to transport natural gas from regions where it is produced to regions where it is used.
As of 2018, there were 132 LNG import (regasification) terminals and 48 LNG export (liquefaction) terminals. More terminals are in the planning and construction stages.
Regasification (import) terminals
Liquefaction (export) terminals
Safe Transport of LNG by Ship
If spilled, LNG is unlikely to contaminate water or soil as it will not have time to sink or be absorbed before returning to a gas.
In its liquid form, natural gas is not flammable, but if spilled, LNG will create a vapour cloud as the liquid rapidly reverts to a gas and mixes with oxygen. The colourless, odourless vapours can accumulate near the spill or drift over land or water, and be ignited by heat, sparks, flames, static electricity or other sources of ignition, given the right vapour mix of oxygen and gas.
A spill from handling or transporting LNG could cause harm through:
Suffocation due to vapour clouds displacing oxygen.
Cryogenic (flash freezing) damage to people or infrastructure.
Ignition of vapour cloud causing burns to people or infrastructure.
LNG spills are unlikely due to the many safety mechanisms in place to prevent spills, including:
Protocols for safe operations - including training exercises, inspections, and certifications.
Emergency shut-down system to halt LNG transfer for any reason.
Emergency release couplings to protect against spills if the transfer mechanism detaches.
Mooring quick-release hooks with built-in fail-safe features.
Tethered tug assistance and local pilot(s) to bring LNG carriers into and away from the port.
Enforced safety zones surrounding the LNG carrier to exclude other vessels while near or at the terminal.
Travel restrictions when LNG carriers are near populated areas to transit during daylight hours and at a reduced speed.
These precautions, along with regulations and safe handling methods, have proved effective in preventing LNG spills in the past.
Security concerns after the 9/11 terrorist attacks prompted studies that modelled the worst-case LNG spill scenario as being the result of a deliberate action (such as a terrorist attack). In the model of a worst-case scenario with a significant breach of LNG tanks, a "pool fire" could develop as spilled LNG pools on the ocean surface, begins evaporating, and ignites. This outcome requires natural gas to mix with air in a concentration of 5% to 15% by volume as well as a source of ignition. Although unlikely to occur, this scenario presents a risk of damage to equipment within 0.5 km and second-degree burns to skin within 1.5 km. Depending on the proximity of the spill to land and the prevailing winds, a vapour fire could be pushed away from the spill and over land, potentially reaching up to 3 km.
The following additional safety precautions can be used to prevent deliberate attacks:
Crew security screenings.
Ship and terminal security systems.
Effective use of LNG carrier escort tugs and vessel exclusion zones near ports and terminals.
Focused surveillance and searches.
Emergency response coordination and communication with first responders and public safety officials.
The vigilant application of regulations and safety precautions have resulted in the safe transportation of LNG for 60 years, with no spills of cargo from an LNG carrier in transit.
Safety measures required at Canaport LNG at the Port of Saint John include:
a security screening of the vessel crew by Transport Canada.
tethered tug support.
a safety exclusion zone of 0.5 nautical miles (925 m) around the LNG carrier while underway.
no anchoring within 1.5 nautical miles (2.7 km) of the LNG carrier.
no overtaking of the LNG carrier while underway in the harbour.
a 0.3 nautical mile (620 m) radius from the centre of the terminal is off-limits to all marine traffic except tugs and service craft assisting the LNG carrier during LNG unloading operations.
Learn more about terminal safety precautions: LNG import terminal in Boston
Regulations for LNG Transport by Ship
The safe transport of LNG by ship is governed by regulations at the international, national, provincial and municipal levels. These regulations provide consistent standards for the safe handling, storage, carriage and use of LNG by ships.
Transport Canada is responsible for implementing and enforcing international regulations through the Marine Transportation Security Regulations and Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations. LNG carriers, like other foreign ships calling on Canadian ports, receive regular Port State Control inspections to ensure compliance with regulations.
An international safety management code became mandatory for all gas carriers on international voyages as of July 1998. This code protects against safety and pollution risks involved in ship operations. Additionally, under the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code, ports, LNG terminals and LNG carriers are required to have an approved security plan and designated security officers prior to operation.
LNG import and export facilities are classified as industrial sites in Canada and are subject to federal, provincial and municipal standards, codes and safety regulations. These regulations are regularly updated to ensure that the health, safety and security of the Canadian public and environment are protected. The Canadian Standards Association has a specific standard for LNG production, storage and handling to ensure the safe operation of LNG facilities in Canada.
Learn more about international LNG regulations
While the preventive measures to avert a spill are well developed, regulations for compensation for damage caused by an LNG spill are not fully established. For the purposes of liability and compensation, LNG is considered a Hazardous and Noxious Substance (HNS). The International Maritime Organization's 2010 HNS Protocol – ratified by Canada but not yet in force – is based on the successful model devised to address pollution damage from oil spills, known as the Polluter Pays model.
The city of Boston in the United States is one example of an LNG import terminal located in a densely populated area. To balance the demand for natural gas against the risk of harm to people in the area, numerous safeguards are in place to reduce the likelihood of a serious incident – either accidental or intentional – involving LNG.
Four days before arrival: the LNG carrier provides its manifest and crew list to the US Coast Guard for background checks.
At 48, 24, 12, and 5 hours outside Boston Harbor: the LNG carrier checks in with the US Coast Guard.
6-12 miles outside Boston Harbor: US Coast Guard officers board the LNG carrier to perform safety checks and watch for potentially threatening vessels coming within a 500-yard (457-metre) radius.
5 miles outside Boston Harbor: if it is a clear day with good visibility, a local pilot boards the vessel and guides the ship in at a maximum speed of 10 knots (18.5 km/h).
As the vessel passes, the bridge is closed to all traffic and flights from nearby Logan airport are re-routed or rescheduled.
Four tugs meet the LNG carrier and tether to it to help maneuver in the case of an emergency. Law enforcement boats – US Coast Guard, city and state police, and state environmental police – encircle the LNG carrier to enforce safety zones as the vessel reaches the berth and prepares to unload its cargo. A helicopter keeps watch from above.
The estimated cost to taxpayers: approximately US$100,000 per transit.
For LNG as a marine cargo, the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code) applies to gas carriers constructed on or after 1 July 1986. Revised in 2016, the code prescribes the design and construction standards of ships and their equipment to minimize the risk to the ship, its crew and to the environment.
For LNG as a marine fuel, the International Code of Safety for Ships using Gases or Other Low-flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code) entered into force on 1 January 2017 to minimize the risk to ships, their crews and the environment when using gas fuels, with provisions for the arrangement, installation, control and monitoring of machinery, equipment and systems using low-flashpoint fuels.
The LNG industry is also subject to broader shipping regulations and conventions such as Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), the International Safety Management code, and the International Ship and Port Security Code administered by the International Maritime Organization.
LNG carriers also follow standards established by the Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators, the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, GPA Midstream Association, and the National Fire Protection Association.
Recent commitments by the International Maritime Organization to reduce the marine shipping industry's sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions has intensified the search for cleaner fuels. LNG as a marine fuel is seen as a positive move for cleaner air.
In Canada, fuelling ships with LNG has increased rapidly in recent years, particularly among ferries and domestic cargo vessels, due to stricter regulations to prevent air pollution. New technologies to recover natural gas have created a gas surplus in North America. LNG's lower emissions profile, increased availability, and competitive cost have made it an attractive option for ship operators in Canadian waters.
As of May 2018, the world fleet included approximately 120 vessels equipped to use LNG as a fuel, with another 132 vessels on order. Many new-built ships have dual-fuel engines to allow operators to use either LNG or oil, with LNG used as the main fuel and oil used as the ignition fuel, and some existing vessels have been outfitted for LNG fuel with new engines and larger storage tanks.
Learn more about the technical requirements to convert ships to use LNG
Before a ship can switch to use LNG as a fuel, a number of steps are required:
Studying the feasibility of conversion, given the age, condition, and structure of the ship;
Identifying shipyards capable and available to undertake the conversion;
Installing new engines, auxiliary engines, and fuel tanks for LNG;
Testing and inspections for quality assurance and to confirm all classification society requirements are met;
Undertaking sea trials to ensure the ship is fully functional;
Training the crew for safe and efficient use of a new fuel type.
The Global Marine Fuel Market
Although the infrastructure required to support widespread use of LNG as a marine fuel is currently a limiting factor in adopting its use, ports that provide marine fuelling services around the world are in the process of developing or expanding capacity for LNG fuelling. The majority of such ports are expected to offer LNG as a marine fuel in the near future, with many LNG fuelling facilities in Europe and Asia already in operation.
Early adopters of LNG as a marine fuel include ferries and cruise ships, as these vessels operate near shore and often within Emission Control Areas where sulphur oxide emissions are limited to 0.1% of fuel burned. Lacking traditional fuelling infrastructure (such as barges and jetties) for LNG fuelling, many vessels receive LNG delivered by truck.
LNG's share of the global marine fuel market is expected to grow substantially after 2020.
Select initiatives underway to incorporate LNG into Canada's marine shipping industry include:
BC Ferries currently operates five LNG powered ferries providing significant savings in fuel costs and emissions. LNG is approximately half the cost of ultra-low sulphur marine diesel, and the annual emissions reductions for one ferry are estimated at 9,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent or eliminating 1,900 passenger vehicles from the road.
Fortis BC
FortisBC provides LNG for the West Coast marine industry with truck-to-ship onboard LNG fuelling. LNG is trucked from the Tilbury LNG plant to BC freight and passenger ferries. FortisBC has been performing approximately a dozen onboard marine fuelling operations a week since December 2016.
Groupe Desgagnés
Groupe Desgagnés has added five dual-fuel product carriers to its fleet operating in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence, Atlantic and Arctic waters. The ships can run on LNG, heavy fuel oil or marine diesel and are double hulled and built for safe navigation in Arctic waters.
Seaspan Ferries
With the support of the BC government and the Snuneymuxw First Nation, Seaspan Ferries commissioned two new dual-fuel vessels in April 2017 to bring its fleet to seven vessels. The new vessels can use either LNG or diesel fuel and have battery back-up power.
Canada has been preparing for the use of LNG as a marine fuel for some time. Starting in 2013, Transport Canada commissioned reports to assess the LNG supply chain on Canada's West Coast and also the Great Lakes and East Coast. In 2017, Transport Canada issued interim Requirements for Vessels Using Natural Gas as Fuel. New vessel construction and equipment regulations are expected to be released in the future. These requirements include guidelines for safe LNG fuelling operations.
Clear Seas Centre for Responsible Marine Shipping is an independent research centre that supports safe and sustainable marine shipping in Canada.
Clear Seas was established in 2014 after extensive discussions among government, industry, environmental organizations, indigenous peoples and coastal communities revealed a need for impartial information about the Canadian marine shipping industry.
Clear Seas received seed funding in 2015 through equal contributions from the Government of Canada (Transport Canada), the Government of Alberta (Alberta Energy) and the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Our funders saw the need for an independent organization that would be a source of objective information on issues related to marine shipping in Canada.
As an independent research centre, Clear Seas operates at arm's length from our funders. Our research agenda is defined internally in response to current issues, reviewed by our research advisory committee, and approved by our board of directors.
Our board of directors is composed of scientists, community leaders, engineers and industry executives with decades of experience investigating human, environmental and economic issues related to our oceans, coastlines and waterways.
Our reports and findings are available to the public at clearseas.org/en
Sources & Citations
Natural Resources Canada. (2015). Natural Gas: A Primer. Government of Canada.
Natural Resources Canada. (2016). Exploration and Production of Shale and Tight Resources. Government of Canada.
Natural Resources Canada. (2013). Liquefied Natural Gas: Properties and Reliability. Government of Canada.
Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of the air above that surface. LNG pressure is typically 25 kilopascals or 3.6 pounds per square inch. As a comparison, air pressure at sea level is 101 kilopascals or 14.7 pounds per square inch.
International Gas Union. (2018). Global Gas Report 2018. Proceedings: 27th World Gas Conference. p. 21.
Speirs J., Balcombe P., Blomerus P., Stettler M., Brandon N., and Hawkes A. Can Natural Gas Reduce Emissions from Transport? Heavy goods vehicles and shipping. Sustainable Gas Institute, Imperial College London. p. 60.
(S&T) Squared Consultants Inc. (2019). GHGenius: Lifecycle Analysis Model for Transportation Fuels in Canada. GHGenius is a mathematical model that predicts the amount of greenhouse gas emitted by different fuels across their entire lifecycle. The lifecycle of a fuel includes each step in the process, from raw material acquisition to processing to end-use. The values cited here compare the full lifecycle assessment of LNG with that of conventional fuels (coal, heavy fuel oil, diesel, and gasoline) using the GHGenius model.
Energy Information Administration. (2018). How Much Carbon Dioxide is Produced When Different Fuels are Burned? U.S. Government.
Environmental Protection Agency. (2018). Overview of Greenhouse Gases. U.S. Government. Carbon Dioxide.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007. Table TS.2.
Brynolf, S., Andersson, K. & Fridell, E. (2011). A comparative life cycle assessment of marine fuels. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part M-Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment. 225. 97-110.
Natural Resources Canada. (2018). Natural Gas Facts. Government of Canada.
Natural Resources Canada. (2018). Canadian LNG Projects. Government of Canada.
FortisBC. (2019). FortisBC secures first export contract for Tilbury LNG facility. Media release.
International Gas Union. (2019). World LNG Report. p. 7.
Natural Resources Canada. (2015). How Much Natural Gas is Required to Heat a New Average-Sized Single Detached Home? Government of Canada.
Statistics Canada. (2018). Canada at a Glance 2018. Government of Canada. Population, Table 4.
Natural Resources Canada. (2018). LNG Supply Chain. Government of Canada.
Natural Resources Canada. (2013). Liquefied Natural Gas: Properties and Reliability. Government of Canada. LNG Operations: History and Reliability.
Vard Marine. (2018). Emergency Towing Vessel Needs Assessment. Clear Seas Centre for Responsible Marine Shipping. p. 12.
LNG spills in port during loading and unloading operations typically involve a small amount of LNG. Such incidents are rare due to the strict procedures and equipment safeguards in place to limit the risk of a spill due to human error (such as overfilling tanks). On the ship, LNG cargo containment systems with double-walled insulated tanks and leak detection systems have proven successful to date in preventing small leaks from becoming larger leaks that reach beyond the confines of the ship.
Denmark. (2007). Formal Safety Assessment – Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carriers. International Maritime Organization – Maritime Safety Committee, 83rd Session. p. 17-22, 54-83, 93-94.
Denmark. (2007). Formal Safety Assessment – Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carriers. International Maritime Organization – Maritime Safety Committee, 83rd Session. p. 98-101.
International Gas Union. (2019). World LNG Report. p. 97-105.
Natural Resources Canada. (2013). Liquefied Natural Gas: Properties and Reliability. Government of Canada. p. 1.
Society of International Gas Tankers and Terminal Operators. (2019). SIGTTO Publications.
Luketa, A., Hightower, M.M. and Attaway, S. (2008). Breach and Safety Analysis of Spills Over Water from Large Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers. Sandia National Laboratories. p. 16-19.
Luketa, A., Hightower, M.M. and Attaway, S. (2008). Breach and Safety Analysis of Spills Over Water from Large Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers. Sandia National Laboratories. p. 22.
Saint John Port Authority. (2015). Practices and Procedures. p. 9-10, 13-17, 36.
Schwartz, J. (2010). Safe Harbor? Boston Magazine.
Whitney, G. and Behrens, C.E. (2010). Energy: Natural Gas. Government Series from TheCapitol.Net. p. 470.
Transport Canada. (2011). International Safety Management (ISM) Code. Government of Canada.
Natural Resources Canada. (2013). Liquefied Natural Gas: Properties and Reliability. Government of Canada. LNG Regulations, Standards and Codes.
Natural Resources Canada. (2018). Canadian LNG Projects. Government of Canada. LNG Facilities and Safety Regulations.
Corkhill, M. (2018). Big Boys Join the LNG-Fuelled Fleet. LNG World Shipping.
Karlsson, S. et al. (2012). LNG Conversions for Marine Installations. Wartsila Technical Journal.
Parfomak, P.W., Frittelli, J., Lattanzio, R.K. and Ratner, M. (2019). LNG as a Maritime Fuel: Prospects and Policy. Congressional Research Service. p. 10-14.
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2019). Annual Energy Outlook 2019 with Projections to 2050. US Government. p. 42.
Gordon, J. (2018). Marine Shipping Sector Eyes LNG to Meet Clean Fuel Rules. Reuters. Washington.
This equates to approximately 240 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions compared with 355 tonnes from a diesel equivalent (93,550 gCO2e/GJ).
Oil Tankers in Canadian Waters Read more
Underwater Noise and Marine Mammals Read more
Marine Shipping and You Read more
Who Pays for an Oil Spill Read more
Invasive Species & Marine Shipping Read more
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Candidates tournament 2013 in London was one of the most successful events of last year. With high interest, good organization, and large media coverage, it became the pillar of the first half of the year and was only surpassed in visitors by the World Championship in Chennai.
Candidates tournament 2014 is improving last year"s London numbers and registering record breaking levels. The Khanty Mansiysk event increases the unique visitors by 21% up to round 5 and by 25% up to round 10, compared to the same rounds of Candidates 2013. The well updated and active website enhances the pageviews number as well.
The highest numbers of visitors come from Germany, followed by USA, India, Russia, Armenia, France, Netherlands, UK, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Italy, Czech Republic, Brazil, and Sweden. Chess fans from a total of 207 countries and territories have visited the official page.
The record breaking interest is a direct result of the global rise in interest in chess, the well updated website, the stable and clear FIDE cycle, the well organized previous editions, and of course the fighting and unpredictable chess games by the participants.


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Gaza War Report Slams Netanyahu And Military Leadership
February 28, 2017 By Marcy Oster
JERUSALEM (JTA) — Israel's prime minister, defense minister and army chief of staff did not update the Security Cabinet about the serious threat of Hamas tunnels from Gaza, the nation's state comptroller said in a report on the 2014 Gaza War.
The Security Cabinet did not have enough information about the threat posed by the tunnels to make decisions about how to proceed during the war, leaving the Israeli military unprepared, Yosef Shapira wrote in the 200-page report released Tuesday afternoon.
The government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu did not provide the military with clear objectives for the war and also failed in the one identified objective of what was dubbed Operation Protective Edge — to identify and destroy the tunnels.
The comptroller also criticized Netanyahu for failing to consider diplomatic alternatives in Gaza and not presenting such a possibility to the Security Cabinet for its consideration.
Netanyahu defended the handling of the Gaza conflict, saying "The unprecedented quiet that has prevailed since Operation Protective Edge is a test of the results."
Opposition leader Isaac Herzog called on Netanyahu to resign.
This story "Gaza War Report Slams Netanyahu And Military Leadership" was written by Marcy Oster.


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SCOTUS Series Focuses on Pregnancy, Discrimination
October 28, 2015 6:55 pm by LAURA HECKELMANN
Photo by Hope Patti
On Tuesday, Oct. 27, Ramapo hosted its fifth Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) discussion. Each Tuesday for 10 weeks, the LAWS Convening Group and the Civic and Community Engagement Center have held discussions on different case outcomes from the Supreme Court. The goal of the talks is to introduce the Supreme Court and its landmark decisions to the community in terms that are understandable.
Mia Serban, an assistant professor of law and society at Ramapo, led this Tuesday's talk. The case focused upon the Young v. UPS case. The case focuses on a woman, Peggy Young, who wanted to undergo in vitro fertilization. UPS allowed her to undergo the surgery, but once she got pregnant, she was given an unpaid medical leave. There has been much controversy over this case, primarily in discussing whether or not she was discriminated against. Serban added that pregnancy discrimination claims have increased 25 percent since 1997. The number one claim is discharge because one became pregnant, the number two charge is a woman feels she is being treated differently because she's pregnant.
"Eliminating discrimination based on pregnancy belongs to a really broad framework. The other big piece that's coming into this picture is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The number one thing to keep in mind is the goal is not to treat pregnant women any differently from anybody else that might not be able to perform your functions for another reason," Serban stated when initiating the talk.
The conversation started with the specifics of the case, before leading to what the students and faculty present at the talk thought of the case and what the Supreme Court should have decided. Serban explained that UPS gives different, lighter duties to people who have lost their licenses or been injured on the job and to drivers who suffered from disabilities under the ADA act. UPS workers who lost their driver's license were reassigned to different jobs; Peggy was given an unpaid leave of medical absence. At the time, UPS claimed that they had a "pregnancy blind" policy.
Students argued that people working for UPS who have broken the law and lost their licenses were reassigned, while it seems Young was "punished" for becoming pregnant.
Patrick Anzano, a freshman attending the discussion, attempted to rationalize UPS' decision:
"UPS is a capitalist company, they don't think from a moral perspective, they're going to do what will make them the most money or save them the most money. If a pregnant lady can't produce as much labor, then they're not going to want to keep her on," he said.
The debate seemed to be split between decisions, with one side arguing that in other cases similar to this, pregnant women have sued their employers for the loss of the baby, even though the women wanted to remain working. The other side argued that while that may have been unjust, one cannot compare cases. Students suggested employers leave a paper trail of evidence detailing their concern for both the woman and her unborn baby. While some in attendance at the SCOTUS discussion may have disagreed in their final decision, the Supreme Court decided that UPS acted unjustly and sided with Young in this case.
lheckelm@ramapo.edu
Tags: Civic and Community Engagement Center, LAWS Convening Group, SCOTUS


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Ray Mahlaka
Blanket of gloom hangs over Cell C rescue plan
After S&P downgraded its credit rating to junk.
The downgrade of Cell C's corporate credit rating to the junkiest of junk by S&P Global Rating is another blow to the telecommunications company's brave ambition of reducing its crippling debt load of R20.7 billion.
This is the view of market watchers after S&P Global Rating downgraded Cell C's credit rating on Monday after it missed interest payments in January on its €400 million senior secured bonds that are due in 2018.
The credit rating of SA's third-largest mobile operator has been lowered to "D", the lowest 'junk' level rating on S&P's scale, from CC or highly vulnerable to nonpayment – a move that will make it expensive for Cell C to return to the bond market to raise capital. Cell C's missed interest payments also prompted S&P Global Rating to flag constraints to its liquidity due to delays in its long-touted capital restructure.
The company is in the middle of its capital restructure plan involving shareholders, among them prepaid technology specialist Blue Label Telecoms, which is in the process of buying a 45% stake in Cell C.
Blue Label Telecoms, through its spokesperson, said it would revert to the market on its participation in Cell C's recapitalisation by the end of February, thus declining to comment on S&P's downgrade.
Cell C said various capital and interest payments to lenders have been deferred as part of its recapitalisation process. "This has no direct impact on the underlying business of Cell C and the operational performance of the company remains strong," it said in a statement.
In addition to Blue Label becoming a Cell C shareholder, the company's recapitalisation plan would result in a shareholding structure change – with management and staff of Cell C expected to subscribe for 25% of the issued capital and 3C Telecommunications subscribing for new equity to hold the remaining 30% of the total issued share capital.
Portfolio manager at Argon Asset Management Mark Ansley said the longer it takes for the funding of Cell C to be sorted "the worse it looks for a successful solution to Cell C's restructuring." ICT research analyst at Frost & Sullivan Africa Mauritz Venter supported Ansley's view, adding that the S&P downgrade would prolong its ailing liquidity flows.
In November, Cell C aborted plans to raise $600 million – or R8.5 billion in rand terms at the time – on the bond market, informing Blue Label that it planned to reduce its debt without the bond placement. A successful bond placement and a R16 billion injection to its balance sheet from new and existing shareholders was expected to reduce Cell C's debt up to R8 billion. However, Blue Label was informed by Cell C in November that it was in discussion with its funding providers to secure borrowings of up to R6 billion.
Prior to Cell C's bond placement withdrawal, rating agency Moody's placed Cell C's B3 rating under review and was looking to assign a B2 rating on its proposed notes to raise capital. A B3 rating is typically regarded as non-investment grade and any upgrade of its rating hinged on the successful implementation of its recapitalisation.
Cell C has struggled to keep up with its rivals Vodacom and MTN over the past five years, given their increasing dominance in a competitive telecommunications market with more revenue potential in data than voice.
To claw back market share, Cell C has embarked on cost-cutting initiatives and has recently raised both voice and data tariffs. "I would read this as a sign of stress from a company that is seeking to win market share in the mobile market," Ansley told Moneyweb.
An expected recovery in the commodities market should see the rand strengthen and lead to price reductions by Cell C in the medium to long term, said Venter. "This will aid in preventing customer churn, while attracting new consumers to Cell C."
On a positive note, S&P said that the company has not sought bankruptcy protection, and it still expects Cell C to continue to operate and meet its non-debt obligations, including payroll and suppliers. "However, we note that the company currently relies on its lenders not exercising their acceleration rights as negotiations on a restructuring continue."
Brought to you by Money Web


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