Preventive dental treatments involve instruction, treatment, and the practice of keeping a proper oral hygiene routine. Preventative care is crucial for having healthy teeth and an attractive smile. The procedures are aimed at preventing cavities, enamel wear, and gingivitis (gum diseases).
Oral Cancer Screening: The dentist will examine your neck, lips, tongue, face, throat, gums, and tissues for possible evidence of oral cancer.
Diagnostic x-rays (radiograph): Sometimes, x-rays may be necessary to detect tumors, cysts, decay, and bone loss. Dentists also use x-rays during surgeries to discover root and tooth locations.
Examination for gum diseases: Sometimes, your dental professional will check the gums and bones surrounding the teeth for any evidence of periodontal diseases.
Checking current restorations: If you have had fillings, crowns, or implants, the dentist will check their condition for possible defects.
Plaque removal: Plaque is a muggy, pale film formed from the combination of bacteria, food remains, and saliva. The bacteria are toxic and potentially cause cavities and gum inflammation unless removed.
Elimination of calculus (tartar): tartar is a calcified plaque that builds up on the surface of the tooth. It usually forms below or above the gum line and can only be cleaned with specialized dental tools.
Teeth polishing: Polishing, when done by an expert dentist helps get rid of stains and plaques that exist on the teeth to give your teeth a cleaner appearance.
A dental sealant is a thin sheet of plastic placed on the grooves of the teeth, usually the back teeth since they are used more for chewing. The sealant shields the teeth from food debris and bacteria responsible for tooth cavities. If applied appropriately, dental sealants can protect your teeth from decay.
Dental sealant placement only takes between 30 minutes to one hour. The dentist will clean your teeth thoroughly using air abrasion to remove stains. The surface of the teeth will then be abraded to ensure that the sealant bonds well with the surface.
When the teeth surface is dry, the sealant will be applied to the grooves. Using laser or ultraviolet light, the dentist will proceed to harden the sealant to fuse it solidly to the teeth for maximum protection. The procedure ends when the sealant passes the final inspection by the dentist.
Home care is necessary for preventing oral health conditions. Oral health is essential for your overall health. The dentist will inform you during your appointments of what home care measures you should take towards ensuring optimal oral hygiene.
Fluoride fortifies the teeth through remineralization, where minerals fuse to deteriorating areas of the tooth enamel. It also interrupts the production of acids by bacteria, to prevent tooth decay. Fluoride is an economical way of maintaining oral health to avoid expensive procedures in the future.
You only need one dental appointment for fluoride treatment.
If you have any other questions or concerns, contact our office, and the staff will be glad to answer any additional questions you may have!
Looking for preventative dental treatments near the 75024 area? Call Texas Dental Specialists at (214) 619-6329.
Missing one or more teeth? Dental bridges are one of the more common dental treatments used when someone is missing teeth. Having one or more missing teeth tends to make someone smile less because they do not feel confident in the way they look when they smile. But did you know that when you are missing teeth it can also negatively affect the overall functioning of your mouth? When teeth are missing it directly affects the surrounding teeth. They will begin to shift and move, which can lead to your having to deal with additional oral problems.
Ready to find out how dental bridges can not only improve your smile but also improve your overall oral health? Call us now for more information.
A bridge is a dental prosthesis that is used to hold a false tooth that is to replace the tooth that is missing. The false tooth stays in place when the bridge is permanently attached to the two teeth on either side of the missing tooth using crowns, which is able to offer the best strength and support. The dentist will carefully prepare the two teeth the bridge will attach to for the best and most comfortable fit. The entire process only takes a couple of trips to the dentist office, which is one of the reasons why patients often choose this option when they are missing teeth.
During the first appointment the dentist will take an impression of the area so that they are able to custom make the bridge, then a temporary crown will be installed until the next appointment. Once the custom-made bridge is created, the patient will return so that the dentist can install the new dental prosthesis, solving the patients issue of missing teeth.
It is important to follow the dentist's after care instructions for the best chance of a full and speedy recovery. While the following are some basic instructions for post procedure care, understand that the dentist could add to these instructions depending on their patients' needs.
Do not eat any food for at least half an hour after the permanent bridge is installed.
Do not eat anything hard, sticky or chewy for at least 24 hours after the bridge has been installed.
Be aware of any swelling or redness and contact the dentist if any pain is experienced.
Nowadays, dental bridges are one of the most common dental procedures used when someone is missing one or more teeth. The entire process is one that can be done in only two or three trips to the dentist making it super convenient for those who live busy lives. If you happen to have any special requirements, please let us know so that we can do our best to accommodate you.
Call Texas Dental Specialists at (214) 619-6329 today for more information or to make an appointment. We care about your dental health!
Dental caries is a result of tooth decay and yet, completely preventable with the proper oral hygiene regimen. People may not realize the tooth decay begins with an erosion of the tooth enamel that causes holes in the teeth. These holes are known as cavities. If we do not treat dental caries, they will worsen to the point where we need to remove the entire tooth. In fact, this infection has the potential to spread to the root canal, gums and jaw bone. Dental caries can eventually result in tooth loss as well as bone loss.
Abide by these tips to prevent the formation of dental caries in your mouth.
Foods that have sugar and starch spur a reaction within the mouth that causes tooth decay. Sugar interacts with bacteria within the saliva to create an acid that leads to tooth enamel erosion. So do not consume sugar-laden beverages like soda and juice with artificial sugar added. If you have a hankering for sweets, choose dark chocolate and clean your teeth after indulging.
While it seems like brushing one's teeth two times per day would be easy enough, plenty of people fail to do it. Brush your teeth at least once in the morning and once at night. This brushing will eliminate built-up plaque and bacteria that cause dental caries and gum disease. Don't forget to brush your tongue as well. The tongue is chock full of bacteria. People need to clean the tongue thoroughly with a tongue scraper or toothbrush.
Fluoride strengthens the enamel on the teeth and thwarts tooth decay. Fluoride is in tap water, toothpaste and specialized trays provided by the dentist. It might also be possible to take fluoride in pill form if the dentist believes it will assist with one's oral health challenges.
Brushing in and of itself will not suffice for a thorough cleaning of the teeth. Floss is necessary to reach those small crevices the brush bristles cannot reach. The bottom line is if an individual does not floss, then the mouth is not truly clean. The plaque will gradually accumulate in the small spaces between the teeth and around the gum line, causing tooth decay, gum disease and other problems. So be sure to floss at least once per day. Ideally, the individual will floss after meals as well.
If a person notices any differences in his or her gums, it is a sign something bad is happening in the mouth. If the gums appear to be inflamed or the person sees blood when brushing, then the person needs to consider these signs of underlying issues. When flossing, people need to make sure to glide the floss between the gums and the tooth and move it around a bit to loosen all those food particles. Furthermore, it will help to swish with a mouthwash that has fluoride to combat dental caries and other issues with the gums.
Abide by a regular schedule of dental examinations and treatments to minimize the chances of dental caries. The dentist will analyze the patient's mouth, check for dental caries, perform a thorough cleaning and help in other ways. The patient needs to follow the dentist's advice to combat dental caries. By doing so, the mouth will prove to be that much healthier as time progresses. Call Texas Dental Specialists at (214) 619-6329 to schedule an appointment today in our Plano office.
As a children's dental office in Plano, we are intimately aware of the concern many parents have about their children's oral health and development. We can go over the comprehensive steps to help children have healthy teeth and maintain healthy teeth as they age. The first step is to help children develop a positive attitude toward dental care by visiting a children's dentist.
Along with a child's first steps and other milestones, dental developments are an important part of a child's life. From the first baby tooth coming in, to the same baby tooth falling out for the adult tooth, parents need to pay attention the dental milestones. We can help parents when they bring their children into a children's dental office in Plano. We can help parents plan for any challenges that arise with a child's dental development.
After examining a child's teeth, we will advise the parent on how to best care for the child's teeth and treat and problems that arise. To keep an eye on the development of a child's teeth and ensure that everything is growing in properly, the child needs to visit our office at least once every six months. With these regular visits, we are able to catch any problems that may arise early on and provide the necessary treatment.
The very first milestone is the appearance of the first baby tooth. Parents will celebrate the first baby tooth and we understand that it is the start of the child's dental health care.
According to the American Dental Association, parents need to plan on scheduling a visit for their child as soon as the first tooth erupts from the gums. If a child happens to be a late bloomer and does not have the first tooth by the time the child turns 1-year-old, then the parent needs to still schedule a visit at our children's dental office anyway.
While the teeth are constantly developing in the jaw bone, once the first baby tooth breaks the surface, the child is going to use this to start biting and chewing, as well as for the formation of words and language. Additionally, parents need to be aware that baby teeth are crucial for development and need constant care. A child's baby teeth play a very important role by being a placeholder for the permanent teeth to eventually take over.
Another important milestone in a child's oral health development is when a child loses baby teeth and the permanent teeth take their place. This is often a time of important transition in a child's dental health. It is also a time when children are frequently involved in sports, as well as having a penchant for sweetened goods which can lead to cavities. At our children's dental office, we know that this is the time to start looking for preventative as well as interventional remedies should your child have any problems like crowding of the permanent teeth or need orthodontic care.
We provide dental restorations in Plano and encourage you to call us whenever you have a damaged, broken, or infected tooth. In our dental office, we put our patients first. Your health and your comfort are our top priority. We also understand the critical role that your natural teeth and roots play in your overall health. Many people do not realize that each tooth and root helps to keep your jawbone strong.
When you lose a tooth, the bone is no longer stimulated by it, and the body thinks that it has lost its function. This can lead to resorption where the body begins to leach calcium from the jawbone. This can have a negative impact on your appearance, making your face look sunken and like you are older than you are. It can also pose a problem for your remaining teeth. Each tooth is, therefore, incredibly important both to your appearance and your health. By restoring a tooth that has been damaged or become infected, we can prevent tooth loss so that you can stay in the best possible oral health.
Knowing that there are several dentists you can choose from, we have taken steps to ensure that when you visit our dental office, your experience will be better than your expectations. We are a true dental spa. That means that when you come in with a damaged tooth, you will probably leave much more relaxed than when you came in. Instead of asking you to visit a clinical environment, our office is warm and relaxing. We also offer amenities like soothing music, comfortable blankets, the latest movies to watch, hand paraffin wax treatments, aromatherapy oils, and dental message chairs. This way your experience is truly spa-like and relaxing – perfect for anyone that is struggling with a broken tooth. In fact, the relaxing nature of our office makes it so that many of our patients do not feel the need for sedation though we do offer it.
When you come in for dental restorations in Plano, we will first examine your teeth to determine the extent of the problem. This may also involve taking x-rays. We will then discuss the various treatment options that are available to you so that you can make an informed decision regarding how to proceed.
Dental veneers. If you have a cracked or chipped your tooth, dental veneers are an excellent way to restore it in both form and function. A veneer is a thin shell made of ceramic or porcelain that fits on top of your natural tooth. Veneers are often used is cosmetic applications so many of our patients choose to have the damaged corrected and their smile enhanced at the same time.
Dental crowns. When you come in for dental restorations in Plano, there is a high chance that we will discuss crowns with you. A crown is a cap that surrounds your tooth entirely. It can correct teeth that are cracked or chipped and ensure that nothing can touch the damaged tooth.
Give us a call to go over any other possible restoration solutions that you have an interest in and we will see what we can do. Regardless of what you choose, we can guarantee that your smile will look beautiful and that your experience will be a relaxing one.
If you have a crooked smile, you should look into cosmetic dentistry for crooked teeth. It is easy to assume braces are the only choice, but when you do not want to put the time and finances into such a treatment, you may be interested in learning about other options. With our cosmetic dentistry for crooked teeth, two of our most common treatments for patients who dislike their teeth are tooth contouring and dental veneers.
Tooth contouring and reshaping treatment is one of the most affordable routes for fixing crooked teeth. It works best on patients with specific teeth that stick out or are clearly misplaced. During our tooth contouring process, we use special shaping tools to scrape off and buff certain portions of dental enamel in order to create a more attractively shaped tooth. Those that have enamel removed will be sealed with a bonding material to protect it from decay, sensitivity, and damage. In some cases, we might even use our state-of-the-art laser sculpting techniques. Our tooth contouring will allow your teeth to fit together in a more attractive manner and also provide a better flossing ground for your at-home dental care.
Dental veneers, or porcelain veneers, are one of our most popular treatments, not just for improving crooked teeth, but also for fixing alignment issues and poorly shaped and discolored teeth. Our dental veneers are applied to the tooth fronts with a strong dental glue. They are thin, tooth-colored shells that will rest comfortably on your teeth and feel natural once placed. Depending on the state of your teeth, veneers may require part of your tooth to be shaped to allow for a flatter resting surface. Our dental veneers can be created and placed in two appointments, and provide immediate results. Veneers are also more affordable than most traditional straightening methods.
Is cosmetic dentistry for crooked teeth painful?
No matter which procedure you choose, we will make sure you are completely comfortable before we start working. We will provide the necessary anesthetics so you do not experience any discomfort during or following your treatment. Both of these treatments are minimally invasive, so they will not take long or cause discomfort.
Do you provide any other forms of cosmetic dentistry for crooked teeth?
Yes. Our crowns are another common option for crooked teeth that stand out. We can place a crown over a misshaped tooth that will give it a whiter and straighter appearance. When you visit our office for cosmetic dentistry for crooked teeth, we can go over a few other commonly used options as well.
Come and visit our cosmetic dentistry for crooked teeth. Don't settle for time-consuming straightening treatments that will require constant orthodontic visits and may cause discomfort after every adjustment. We can give you the attractive, long-lasting results you've always wanted, in a short amount of time.
The technology behind dental implants has been improving drastically in the last several years. Along with this has come an increased demand for these prosthetic devices. As more and more people become aware of the fact that they do not have to be stuck with tooth loss, and that there are more permanent solutions available than dentures or bridges, they are turning in increasing numbers to dental implants. Already, over 3 million Americans have taken advantage of dental implants and given themselves a new lease on life after losing essential teeth. The bottom line is that we use dental implants as the most permanent, and hence the most effective, way to replace lost teeth. This is because dental implants are focused on the root of the tooth. Replacing the root with a tiny titanium screw gives the dentist, us, a chance to build a new fake tooth on a strong, stable base. This technology also allows the jawbone to create a symbiotic relationship, similar to the one it has with the natural root, with the dental implant. This combination of a relationship with the jawbone, and the strong, stable base that we create with dental implants gives you a tooth that can last a very long time. For dental implants, it has been an uphill battle to shed the image of being a purely cosmetic device to being a prosthetic that can actually change your quality of life. The truth is that dental implants have a very clear cosmetic appeal. In our office, we can place a dental implant, and then use it to fabricate and place a perfect tooth, in the form of a dental crown, automatically gives itself to beautiful teeth and hence a greatly improved smile. This has led to a misconception that dental crowns only bring aesthetic value. As a result of this many insurance companies labelled implant surgery as an elective, or optional procedure. This is contrary to conventional wisdom that says replacing a lost tooth is hardly an option. However, this label has prevented many insurance companies from supporting the procedure. This is gradually changing as the science is catching up with this popular perception. Today, scientists and dentists know that dental implants do more than give you a pretty smile. Dental implants help to support the jawbone by providing much-needed stimulus, for example. They prevent resorption of the jawbone and is critical to the support of other teeth and your facial structure.
According to the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, there is a growing need for implants. Even in young adults, aged 35 to 44, the tooth loss percentages are at 69% which is significantly more than half. Considering that there are 15 million Americans who are currently using technology that is significantly older and less effective than dental implants, dentures and bridges, for example, the need for implants becomes apparent. For these folks, it is not just about appearance but about having a long-lasting tooth that looks, feels, and acts like a natural tooth. If you find yourself in this situation, call and schedule an appointment to learn more about your options.
At our Plano dentist office, we believe in a holistic focus on dentistry. This means that we will spent the vast majority of your time with us working on preventative medicine versus having to deal with emergencies and situations that may come up. Naturally when you come to our Plano dentist office with a specific problem, we will address it first deal so that your challenges are taken care of. Additionally, we have found is that it is easier to deal with pending problems when we are already working proactively to improve your overall health. Our blog is much the same way. We know that there are a thousand places where you can get information about your teeth. In fact, most people automatically turn to the internet when they are looking for information, be it about holes in the ground or cavities in their teeth. Because of this reliance on the internet a lot of our patient come in with really good information, and sometimes information that has confused them. The reason we have this blog is so that you can get some of your information directly from our Plano dentist office, and then use it as a conversation starter during your next visit. The best place to get any and all information about your teeth is right here in our office, directly from your dentist who knows your individual health history. As a Plano dentist office, most of our patients come in with pretty routine challenges, or for routine maintenance work. The vast majority of the patients we see have cavities, bad breath, need braces, or are coming in for a cleaning. Contrary to some of the alarmist things on the internet, not every case of bad breath is some terrible disease. In fact, it is likely caused by a common cavity or treatable gum disease, if not last night's dinner. Simultaneously the routine toothache is the #2 reason why people miss work or school, also caused by a simple cavity.
The question we often get is "what is a cavity"? A cavity is a small hole which forms in the enamel of the tooth due to decay. This decay is caused by the bacteria that exists in the mouth naturally secreting acid that gradually eats away at your enamel until the cavity forms. Bacteria exist in all human mouths, completely natural and mostly harmless. The challenge arises when a lot of bacteria is allowed to accumulate on a tooth, or teeth. You will know this kind of accumulation because of the yellowish film that forms on the teeth known as plaque. When there is a build-up of plaque, the bacteria go into overdrive. Using the sugars and starches from the food that you eat the bacteria start to literally bathe the teeth in acid. This acid has little effect at first, as the tooth is able to use naturally occurring minerals, fluoride, and water to rebuild the damage. After a while, however, the tooth is no longer able to withstand the onslaught, the enamel gets soft, and eventually a small hole called a cavity is formed on your tooth. This is a common problem that we can treat in our dental office.
Orthodontics treatments like braces and aligners work to straighten your incorrectly positioned teeth. The results you receive from alignment methods will be strong and attractive; however, teeth have a tendency to move consistently based on their environment and their natural position. To avoid the retraction of quality corrections, we employ retention methods. What is retention? Orthodontic retention serves as a support system to newly aligned teeth. Once your braces or your aligner is removed, the use of retention for a short period is necessary to preserve your straightened results. If you previously had severely misshapen teeth or bite issues, retention will help your teeth hold their corrected position. Even if your dental misalignment was minor, your teeth might still need extra support to maintain your straight smile. Directly following the removal of braces or aligners, your teeth are most prone to shifting back into their original place. The retention phase of orthodontics will stop this from happening.
How long will retention be necessary?
The duration of your retention phase will greatly depend on the state of your teeth before the orthodontics treatment and how quickly your straightening changes were accomplished. While some patients' teeth are more prone to moving than others, in most cases, you should wear a retainer certain times of the day or night for at least a year or two for the best stabilization results.
What will my retention plan look like?
Your plan will be created personally for you, so there is no way to determine before an examination what your exact retention plan will look like. There are many factors we will consider when creating your plan and if you choose to wear your retainer as often as possible, you will gain the best results. Over a few months to a year, we will gradually permit you to wear your retainer less often until eventually we decide you don't need to wear it any longer or that you only need it a few times a week.
What types of retention will be used?
The type of orthodontics retention, you will use will depend on the nature of your teeth. We use either a fixed retainer or a removable retainer depending on the patient. Two of the most common retainers we offer are lower fixed retainers, which uses a wire fixed to the inside of your bottom row of teeth, or an upper removable retainer, which can be in the form of a plastic shell or a removable wire. Retainers that include the use of a bonded wire or removable wire generally produce the most long-lasting results, but they often require longer wear periods.
If you have a removable retainer, you should rinse it with warm water and mild soap whenever you brush your teeth to keep the buildup at bay. You should always keep your removable retainer in a safe place when you are not using it to prevent breaking or warping. If you have a fixed retainer, you just care for your teeth as usual. If you notice any bending or breaking, let our orthodontics office know immediately so we can fix it.
In our childrens dentistry office, we understand the critical role that a smile plays in how a child feels about themselves. It can make a significant difference in their self-esteem, and since this is National Teen Self-Esteem Month, it is important to discuss the importance of a beautiful smile. In children, teens, and adults having a beautiful smile makes a person feel better and have improved self-confidence. It makes no difference if you are an adult or child, your smile can either help you to feel better about yourself, or it can take away from your self-esteem. Our goal is to help your child to have a healthy smile, one that is healthy and that they can feel good about. We create lovely smiles in our childrens dentistry office.
When you visit our dental office, you can count on your child receiving expert level dental care. We pay attention to every detail so that we can ensure their teeth are functioning like they should and also beautiful. A perfect example of this is when we complete a dental filling. If your child has a standard cavity, it is because their tooth has experienced decay. To treat it, the decayed portion must be removed and then restored using a dental filling. When you see someone with metal in their teeth, it is probably because they had cavities that were restored using amalgam fillings. We can use tooth-colored fillings instead so that your child can love their appearance, rather than be embarrassed. Simultaneously, we also have found that many children have teeth that look stained and dirty because they are indeed – stained and dirty. It is difficult for people to brush their teeth correctly and for some kids this is near impossible. The result is that plaque builds up on the teeth and begins to create the staining effect. In many cases, there is no actual staining, only plaque that has built up and created the effect. We recommend having their teeth cleaned twice a month so that we can prevent this from happening. You are likely to find that their freshly cleaned teeth look radiant on their own.
Braces and our childrens dentistry office.
One of the most common questions we hear has to do with braces. They have become such a common treatment that children want to know if they need them and if so when. This is a normal curiosity. In our dental office, we actually start by trying to prevent the need for braces. This is done by keeping their teeth healthy and intact. If baby teeth fall out too early, the remaining teeth will move out of their position and begin to crowd out the space that was supposed to be left for the permanent adult tooth to come in. As this happens, the mouth begins to change, and people struggle with overcrowding as a result. By keeping teeth in place, we can help to prevent overcrowding. If, however, your child needs braces anyway, they can have their first orthodontic appointment as early as seven.
As a cosmetic dentist, we use dental crowns on a regular basis. They can accomplish a wide variety of goals that begins the moment we begin to take measurements of your teeth and create an impression. We provide precise instructions to the lab technicians so that the crowns will fit perfectly around your teeth. In addition, the size can be adjusted slightly so that they can close gaps in between teeth and change the overall size and shape of teeth if necessary. A tooth-colored crown can also be used to cover dark stains that remain on the teeth after a whitening procedure has proven ineffective. In some cases, a tooth needs to be straightened, and a crown is an excellent tool for doing so. Regardless of what you do not like about your smile, this versatile solution can help to give you the beautiful teeth you have always wanted.
Another cosmetic dentistry solution is the dental bridge. A bridge can provide a semi-permanent tooth replacement and give you back both the appearance and function of your teeth. This procedure is made possible by placing crowns on the two teeth that are surrounding the missing one. They serve as anchors to hold the bridge in place so that it is durable. We can discuss this and other cosmetic solutions when you come in for a consultation.
We also use crowns in restorations and to protect the teeth. This is often necessary as people age, and the teeth begin to experience erosion. It is natural for the enamel to begin to wear off of the teeth over time. This happens due to what you eat, how aggressively you brush your teeth, a lack of dental care and even basic aging. The problem is that once the enamel has eroded, the dentin underneath is exposed, and the teeth can become sensitive to heat and cold when you eat. To protect them and reduce or eliminate the sensitivity, a crown is placed around the teeth so that nothing touches them directly. This is an incredibly effective procedure, and the crowns look natural once placed. Simultaneously, if the damage was more extensive and the tooth chipped or cracked, a crown can restore the tooth to full functionality so that you can eat the food that you like and bite down without risk of irritation.
If you have crooked or misaligned teeth that need to be straightened with braces, but hate the thought of a mouthful of metal, an Invisalign® dentist may be the person to talk to. While esthetics is probably the main reason behind most people's decision to have their teeth straightened, crooked teeth can actually affect your dental health. This simply because misaligned teeth often have areas that the bristles of a toothbrush will not reach, this providing a safe haven for bacteria to hide and flourish in. An Invisalign® dentist can give you a radiant smile, and reduce your risk for gum disease and tooth decay at the same time.
For those not familiar with Invisalign®, they are clear, plastic 'aligners', custom-molded to fit snugly over your teeth. These aligners, which are usually quite comfortable compared to traditional metal braces, work by applying gentle but steady pressure on your teeth, very gradually and painlessly shifting them into alignment. As the teeth move, the bony socket below them also changes shape. As an Invisalign® dentist, we will tell you there are no wires to tighten and no metal brackets to attach. You will simply be fitted with a new set of aligners approximately every two weeks until your treatment is complete.
Virtually Invisible The most obvious benefit is that they are virtually invisible. Because most people won't even realize that you are wearing braces, Invisalign® are a particular favorite with adults and older teens.
Removable Because they can be removed when you eat, your diet is not restricted to foods that will get caught in traditional braces. You can literally eat whatever you want. Additionally, brushing and flossing becomes much simpler when you are able to remove your aligners.
Comfortable As anyone who has worn clear braces will tell you, clear plastic braces are usually much more comfortable than traditional metal ones.
Faster Invisalign® aligners are made using 3-D computer-imaging technology, which envisions the entire process, from the position your teeth are in to begin with, through every stage of the treatment, up to the final placement of your teeth. Because it is so precise, Invisalign® moves your teeth much more efficiently than do conventional metal braces which means the treatment takes much less time than other methods.
Having said that, there are a few situations in which conventional braces may be more effective. For example, if your teeth are severely crowded, or if some teeth have not yet fully erupted. After an initial consultation and examination we, as an Invisalign® dentist, we will be able to tell you if you are a good candidate for clear plastic aligners.
If you happen to be one of those who think that braces are only for the very young, let us assure you that this is not the case. Although a young person's teeth can be moved more easily than those of an adult, it is never too late to fix crooked, misaligned or poorly spaced teeth. Call us today and take the first steps towards a confident and beautiful smile.
Restore chipped teeth. When a large portion of the tooth structure is missing or has been chipped off, this procedure can be used to restore it. Dental crowns are caps that surround the tooth entirely, so even if a portion is missing, it will look normal and be as strong as it used to be once a crown has been placed around it.
Close gaps. This procedure can be used to close gaps in between teeth for a more natural and symmetrical appearance.
Fix cracks. If a tooth becomes cracked, a crown can be placed around it to repair the crack and hold the tooth together. This is commonly done after an accident like a car wreck or sports injury.
Cover dark stains. If your teeth have dark stains or are severely yellowed due to years of smoking, poor oral health, or simply age, this procedure can be used to cover those stains and create brilliantly white teeth.
Replace a tooth. If a tooth has fallen out you can have it replaced with a dental bridge. A bridge is made possible by placing a crown on the two teeth surrounding the missing one. Dental crowns then hold the bridge and the new tooth in place.
Creating your crown. An impression must be taken of the tooth that is being restored along with the teeth around it. This way the crown can be created in a lab to be the correct size and shape. A lot goes into this because the ridges on top of it must be crafted perfectly so that when you bite down, it feels like a natural fit with your other teeth. We can create it in all ceramic for a natural appearance, ceramic-on-metal, or all metal.
Preparing your tooth. Before it can be placed, your tooth must be prepared. This is done by removing a portion of the enamel from your tooth. This way, the crown will fit securely around it without interfering with the surrounding teeth.
Wearing a temporary. While the crown is being created in the lab, a temporary one will be placed around the freshly prepared tooth. This will protect the tooth and allow you to eat soft foods while waiting for the permanent one to be bonded into place. It will be secured using a water-based removable glue.
Bonding. Once the permanent crown is ready, the temporary one will be removed, the area cleaned, and the new one bonded in place using resin cement.
After the procedure is complete, your tooth will look natural while being strong and durable. You will be able to eat all of your favorite foods without worry and simply need to care for it like you would all of your other teeth.
Wear a mouth guard. Sports injuries are the leading cause of adult tooth damage according to the American Dental Association. If you wear a mouth guard while practicing or playing, you can prevent a lot of tooth injuries. This is important because veneers are not immune from becoming damaged.
Daily care. It is important to brush and floss your teeth throughout the day. We recommend using a soft toothbrush so that you don't irritate your teeth, veneers or gums. Make sure to floss as well so that you can remove food from in between your teeth. Follow this up by rinsing with antiseptic mouthwash in order to eliminate bacteria that can lead to an infection. Dental veneers are placed on top of your existing teeth, making it important to take care of them.
Dental exams. You should have your teeth cleaned at least twice a year so that we can remove plaque, bacteria and anything else that can lead to an infection. This also allows us to treat any cavities or signs of gum disease.
Watch what goes in your mouth. Needless to say, you should only eat food. Don't chew ice, bite on pencils or bite your nails. If you do, you could cause your veneers to move or break. They can even fall off so stick to eating your favorite foods instead.
Don't grind your teeth. People that grind their teeth at night will often wake up with severe headaches in addition to having damaged teeth. Grinding can cause your teeth to break or chip. If you have dental veneers, grinding can cause them to break as well. We have an easy solution. You can wear a customized night guard that prevents your upper and lower teeth from touching each other. This eliminates the risk of your teeth grinding or clenching. Your veneers will be protected, and you will have less pain and fewer headaches.
As a cosmetic dentist, we know that by taking care of your veneers and your teeth you will feel better and stay in better health overall. Some of these steps are easy to take on your own while others require the assistance of a licensed dentist. Regardless of how large or small your questions are, we would be happy to assist you so give us a call to schedule your appointment right away.
There are many misconceptions about teeth whitening, making it important to know the facts before you schedule a procedure or head to the store. The procedure you select and where you go to have it done will make a huge difference in how your teeth turn out. If you are looking for stunning and beautiful teeth, your best bet is to head to the dentist. Here is what you need to know.
Do whitening products at the store actually work? Yes, they do but they typically only whiten teeth by around two shades. This is far less than how white they get at the dentist office, so many people feel disappointed with the results. This has created the idea that teeth whitening doesn't work when it actually does. The key is to visit the dentist for dramatic results instead of trying to find them at the store.
How white do they get at the dentist office? Teeth will typically get up to eight shades whiter if you have the procedure done at the dentist office. This is significant, and you will be able to see a major difference in how your teeth and your smile look. We recommend that anyone with major stains or yellow teeth, have them cleaned and their teeth whitening completed by a professional dentist in order to get the best level of results.
Does it hurt? No, if your teeth are whitened by a dentist, there shouldn't be any discomfort. If, however, you purchase trays from the drug store, they can become loose, and the whitening solution can leak which will make your gums hurt.
How is a teeth whitening procedure done? That depends on what type of procedure you get. At the dentist, you can have them whitened in the office, or you can have custom teeth whitening trays created that can be used at home. The customized trays have a perfect fit and won't leak. They feel great and produce stunning results plus most people like the idea of being able to whiten whenever they want. If you go the drug store route, you can buy toothpaste, strips, and trays. They are available for purchase at most stores, but the results aren't as good overall.
How does it work? There is typically peroxide inside of the whitening solution, and peroxide can penetrate through the enamel and begin the oxidation process. This turns the molecules inside of your teeth into ones that don't reflect color and therefore become colorless. This creates the appearance of bright white teeth.
Should I whiten teeth first or get dental veneers first? That depends. If you are getting veneers placed onto all of your teeth there really isn't a need to whiten your teeth as the veneers will cover them. If, however, a dental veneer is being placed onto one or two teeth in order to restore them, you should have your teeth whitened first. Veneers are resistant to bleaching, so you want your teeth to be the correct shade before having the procedure done.
To learn more about teeth whitening, give us a call!


text:
Arthonia anglica är en lavart som beskrevs av Coppins. Arthonia anglica ingår i släktet Arthonia och familjen Arthoniaceae.   Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Sporsäcksvampar
anglica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Cataglyphis tartessica es una especie de hormigas endémicas del sur de la España peninsular.

Referencias

 Amor, F. & Ortega, P. 2014. Cataglyphis tartessica sp.n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in south-western Spain. Myrmecological News 19, 125-132. (pp.126-129, descripción de obrera, reinas y macho)
 AntWiki - Bringing Ants to the World. Cataglyphis tartessica. Acceso: 8 de agosto de 2016.

tartessica
Hormigas de la península ibérica
Fauna endémica de España peninsular
Insectos descritos en 2014


Something turned this week. It didn't go off, like rolls molding in the bread box, or sour, like wine in an open bottle that nobody ever finished (?). No abrupt thump, though maybe a shock of frost has settled; a veil of light fog. Nothing has changed but the season is turning.
The Autumn Equinox signals a balance between light and dark. Today there is an equal portion of day and night. The hectic harvest is, for the most part, behind us and we can slowly retreat into our winter habitats. We are grateful for our winter stores as we watch nature around us dying. Other images: a late, golden afternoon, spider webs beaded with dew, harvesting and preparing meats, wisps of fog hanging between red and orange oak leaves. A feast of thanks.
As we withdraw again this time of year, let us consciously count our blessings. And we have so many.
I'd like to wish you all a wonderful Autumn Equinox and a balanced weekend!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on September 21, 2012 by lauralibricz.


text:
James M. Avery
javery@pierceatwood.com
James M. Avery represents a broad range of utilities, developers, aggregators, and other stakeholders before the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities, the Massachusetts Energy Facilities Siting Board, and numerous other state utility commissions.
Jim's clients include solar, wind, biomass, and other renewable energy firms; developers of natural gas-fired generation facilities; electric and natural gas utilities; wireless telecommunications carriers; and hospitals, government agencies, and industrial facilities.
Jim also represents clients in a variety of commercial and financial transactions, including acquisitions, mergers, corporate restructurings, contracts, and financings.
Prior to joining Pierce Atwood, Jim was a partner in the Energy, Utilities, and Environmental Practice Group at Brown Rudnick LLP.
Boston Bar Association, Co-chair, Energy and Telecommunications Committee
Energy Bar Association
American Bar Association, Infrastructure and Regulated Industries Section, Co-chair of Renewable Energy Subcommittee
Co-author, Inside the Minds: Energy Law Settlements and Negotiations: Leading Lawyers on Dealing With Regulatory Commissions, Understanding Political and Market Forces, and Making the Right Deal, Aspatore Books
Co-author, chapter on the Department of Public Utilities, Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Compilation on Massachusetts Procedure, Volume 9
Co-author, State and Federal Deregulation of Electric and Natural Gas Services in Massachusetts, National Business Institute
Represented electric and gas utilities in contested rate proceedings, including securing funding for an electric utility's innovative vegetation management program.
Represented state agencies in the negotiation of energy performance contracts.
Represented numerous hospitals, government agencies, and industrial facilities in contracting for electric and natural gas supply and energy efficiency services.
Represented a gas utility in structuring and securing necessary approvals for a commodity portfolio optimization alliance with other utilities and a major natural gas producer.
Latest Updates in Energy
Massachusetts DPU to Review Interconnection Procedures for Distributed Generation Resources
DOER Announces Public Hearings on RPS Class I & II Rulemaking
Massachusetts SMART Solar Program Opens
Rhode Island Issues New RFP for 400 MW of Renewable Energy; Bid Submissions Due October 2018
Pierce Atwood Attorneys to Participate at 2018 AWEA Northeast Regional Wind Energy Conference
National Grid Seeks Approval of New RFP for 400 MW of Renewable Energy In Rhode Island; October 2018 Proposed Bid Submission Deadline
Represented developer in permit and contract matters for solar, electric and wind generation facility developers in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
Represented a gas utility in securing the necessary regulatory and environmental approvals for the first liquefied natural gas facility in Massachusetts in over 35 years and the permanent financing of the facility.
Represented a Florida developer of a 100 MW biomass generation facility in permitting, appeals, and contract matters with a major regional municipal utility.
Represented publicly traded utility holding companies in mergers, acquisitions, and dispositions of assets.
Represented energy clients in acquisitions, mergers, and long-term debt and equity financings, including project financings.
Represented of one of the world's leading developers of renewable resources and the world's largest developer of wind generation resources in securing regulatory approvals necessary to complete its acquisition of a major utility holding company.
Represented leading municipal electric aggregators in designing aggregation plans, securing regulatory approvals and contract negotiations, and a natural gas purchasing consortium in gas supply contracting. Successfully secured approvals for more than 40 aggregation plans.
Represented electric utilities in the siting of numerous electric transmission lines.
Represented a gas utility in securing approvals for a high pressure gas pipeline to serve a CHP plant at a major university.
Represented a wireless telecommunications carrier in a rate-setting proceeding relating to access charges.
Latest Updates in Energy Infrastructure Project Development & Finance
Second Annual Energy Infrastructure Symposium
Latest Updates in Energy, Utilities & Renewables
Massachusetts Electric Companies and DOER Propose RFP for Offshore Wind Clean Energy Projects
Boston University School of Law, J.D., cum laude (1983)
Colgate University, B.A., cum laude (1980)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Trump, RNC Raise $20 Million More Than Obama, DNC During Same Period
$105 million hauled in by Trump committee, RNC during second quarter
Joe Schoffstall • July 2, 2019 12:10 pm
President Donald Trump's re-election campaign and the Republican National Committee have raised $20 million more than President Barack Obama's re-election campaign and the Democratic National Committee during the same time period.
The RNC announced on Tuesday that it, along with Trump's committees, have combined to pull in $105 million throughout the second quarter of 2019, which spans from April 1 to June 30. Trump's re-election committees reported $54 million in total donation hauls while the RNC took in an additional $51 million.
Trump's campaign and the RNC now have over $100 million on hand.
The staggering fundraising numbers from the Trump campaign and RNC best Obama and the DNC's numbers by tens of millions of dollars during the same time period, the New York Times notes.
During the same three-month span in 2011, Obama's re-election campaign and the DNC reported raising a combined $85 million – $20 million less than what Trump and the RNC have added to their war chest during the previous three months.
South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg announced that his campaign raised $24.8 million during the second quarter, which outdid Sen. Bernie Sanders's second quarter haul ($18 million) by $6.8 million.
Buttigieg and Sanders are the first out of the Democratic field to make their fundraising numbers public.
Published under: 2020 Election, DNC, Donald Trump, Fundraiser, RNC
Sean Parnell Endorses David McCormick in Pennsylvania Senate Race
Biden Approval Rating Matches Trump's All-Time Low (Post Capitol Riot)
Donald Trump Is Betting Favorite To Win 2024 Election
It's Official: More Americans Dead From COVID Under Biden Than Trump
Trump's Lawyers Ask Supreme Court To Kill Jan. 6 Subpoenas
Trump Asks Supreme Court To Block Release of White House Records


text:
Popesti
Popesti Weather Forecast
Arges, RO
Popesti Current weather report
Wind: 4 km/h from SE
Today's weather is turning out to be partly cloudy. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1029 mb . The daytime temperature is going to reach 3 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 0 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 21% of the sky, the humidity will be around 77%.
Tomorrow weather is forecasted to be partly cloudy. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1029 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 3 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -7 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 45% of the sky, the humidity will be around 79%.
On Monday weather will be partly cloudy with daytime temperature reaching 3 °c. Night time temperature are expected to be -3 °c.It will be dry with no precipitation. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1041 mb. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 17% of the sky, the humidity will be around 74%.
Tuesday seems to be partly cloudy. Popesti, Romania visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1041 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 6 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 1 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 5% of the sky, the humidity will be around 61%.
Partly cloudy will be the weather pattern for the Wednesday. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1030 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 7 °c and the temperature is going to dip to -4 °c at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 4% of the sky, the humidity will be around 52%.
Weekly Weather Report for Popesti, Romania
Looking at the weather in Popesti, Romania over the next 7 days, the maximum temperature will be 7℃ (or 44℉) on Wednesday 22nd January at around 2 pm. In the same week the minimum temperature will be -7℃ (or 20℉) on Sunday 19th January at around 11 pm.
Looking at the world weather radar, national weather service and satellite images, Popesti, Romania weather forecaster is reporting little or no rainfall over the next 7 days. So make most of it while you are on vacation in Popesti, Romania.
The windiest of all days will be Monday 20th January as wind will reach 7mph (or 12kmph) at around 2 pm.
Popesti Weather Video
Popesti Today, Tomorrow and next 14 day Weather Forecast
10 Day Weather Forecast Popesti
5 km/h ENE
Popesti, Romania Yearly Monthly Climate Weather Averages
Please also visit Popesti Historical Weather, Weather widget and Weather Charts pages. Historical or past weather forecast page provides historical weather forecast from 1st July, 2008 till now in 3 hourly interval. Text weather page will allow you to get a weather text summary for next 14 days and weather chart page displays weather pattern like temperature, wind speed, gust, pressure, etc. in graphical mode for next 14 days. We hope you like it.
| Bucharest |
Looking to buy past/historical weather for Popesti, please visit Buy Historical Weather Data section.
Cateasca
Henri Coanda International Airport
Bucarest - Baneasa Airport
Fc Arges Pitesti
Fc Rapid Bucuresti


#LongFormSundays! This week, I reflect on the winter and look forward to the spring: Course Seven just ended and tomorrow is the Vernal Equinox. I'm thankful for the growth that brought me here, appreciate this odd tipping-point, and anticipate the future.


text:
Apple to make iPhone 8 screen bigger than iPhone 7
Posted by Nick Olanoff | Aug 11, 2017 | Apple, News | 0 |
A great deal has been leaked about the new iPhone. But there's one innermost mystery: what everyone's truly going to call it.
"The new iPhone" is in itself an impressive of a misnomer: there's in fact going to be three new iPhones, all rumors recommend. That will be two replicas in keeping through the iPhone 7 and 7 plus, which typically concentrate on enhanced inner mechanism, as well as a totally new and re-designed phone.
With such a difficult line-up, conversation has bowed to what accurately the phones will be called. And a number of dissimilar possibilities have produced.
Until now, gossips have focused just about one agreement. The three phones will be called the iPhone 7s and 7s plus – which together will seem approximately indistinguishable to the 7 – and the iPhone 8.
But innovative rumored phones look to recommend that the non-premium replicas will in fact seem dissimilar to the existing iPhone 7. They will consist of glass backs, for example, according to an original trickle from 9to5mac.
Apple blogger and specialist John Gruber said that if the phone does seem dissimilar from the 7, Apple approximately surely won't call it the 7s. In fact, a entire innovative naming system might be initiated, he recommended on his blog, Daring Fireball.
"If these are legit, there's no technique Apple is going to describe these devices "7S"," he mentioned. "The S models have had slight superficial dissimilarities from the previous year's non-S iPhones, except these phones are sporting whole new plans."
He said that identification of the phones 7s would too direct people to suppose that the phones were merely getting unassuming latest information. But it's expected they will get chief technical developments, he recommended, and so Apple might bestow them a name that suits.
He recommended two dissimilar naming plans: iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, iPhone 8 Pro, or iPhone, iPhone Plus, iPhone Pro. "Either of these naming methods would make all three innovative iPhones sound original," he wrote.
The second system would too get rid of the necessity to figure the phones. It doesn't utilize that naming arrangement in any of its further products – together with the iPad, which used to excluding has over time gone it's numbering – and there have been recurring proposals that Apple could be appearing to get rid of it for the iPhone, as well.
If Apple didn't employ the "s" name, it would be the initial time since the very earliest iPhone that a handset didn't get pursued up by an s model. But policies are going to be busted this year, whatsoever occurs: the company has not at all unconfined further than two editions of the similar phone at once.
One option is if Apple by chance trickles the name itself, like it did with a whole range of the iPhone 8's features, by posting software online for the public to find. But that software – which has even exposed the blueprint of the innovative phone – refers to the new model only as "D22".
iPhone 8 Part of the identical software dump from Apple may have trickles particulars on the size of the approaching iPhone 8's screen. Forbes notes that the innovative screen could be the principal on an iPhone to date. The new details came once more from Steve Troughton-Smith, who tweeted out the metrics.
Someone rapidly made a mock-up of what the new iPhone screen could seems like in terms of functional space. A conspicuous mark is at the peak, but the remnants of the body are every one white: in additional words, a screen that could be worn approximately edge to edge. Apple is supposed to be using an OLED screen for what will be its latest mechanism. Of course Apple has up till now to verify that an iPhone 8 is even in the workings.
But through 2017 the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, Apple admirers are expecting the business to reveal a great, something approximately radical. The iPhone 7, while a beautiful smartphone, left many Apple users apathetic. Also expected through a pioneering iPhone 8 start on this year would be newer iterations of the iPhone 7 by a iPhone 7s and iPhone 7s Plus.
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When I talk to people about poetry, I often get apologetic reactions about them not understanding it. When I invite people to my poetry events I hear a lot "I'd love to, but I really don't know anything about poetry!" Somehow, some people seem to think that an understanding of poetry is something you're born with, something you either have or have not.
When I moved to Leiden six years ago to study at the university there, I knew virtually nothing about poetry. I knew a few poems by heart because they were printed on posters in my high school, I knew a little bit about metaphors and meter, but not much more than that. When I joined my student association, I heard that their poetry club was on the verge of disappearance, because the last leader of the club didn't have time for it anymore and nobody else wanted to take on the job. Being an enthusiastic first-year student, I volunteered to take on this club. Poetry was something I really wanted to learn more about, and just diving into the subject seemed like the best way to do this.
So there I was, nineteen years old and the head of a poetry club without any knowledge of poetry. I owned maybe three books of poetry and half of it I did not understand at all. So how was I supposed to lead this group? Out of this kind of desperation, I thought up my first poetry night. I invited the rest of the group at my house, and asked everybody to bring one poem. The plan was to have everybody recite their poem and then we'd discuss it a little bit. This way, I didn't have to know anything about poetry, I just had to provide the room and the tea, and the members of the group would bring most of the input.
The night turned out great, and since then I organise these kinds of evenings almost every month. Sometimes with a certain theme, like national poetry when we're planning a trip to that country, but most evenings the members are free to come up with whatever poem they like. We've had people recite long verses of Milton. We've had a student of French literature talk to us about Baudelaire. We've had young students being enthusiastic about the poems by Rupi Kaur and we've even had people recite their own work. Every time the group is confronted with new kinds of poetry, and although not everything will resonate, there will always be something that you like. Because of the diversity of the group (mostly students of humanities, but not all, and older students as well as younger ones) we learn a lot from each other. The older members are always happy to explain the more difficult figures of speech to the younger ones who might not know that much about poetry already, and the younger students have such a fresh look on poetry and they come up with poets a lot of the more traditional older members would not have found.
Six years later, and what have I learned? I have read so many more poets, and I've heard about even more of them. I've gotten to know Amaral, Gerhardt, Cavafy, Neruda and Pessoa. I've learned what I like and what I don't like. I've learned what I think is good poetry and what is not. I've learned how I want my own writing to be. And even though I'm a student of literary studies, I didn't learn any of these things at the university. I've learned this by just reading something, talking about it, listening to what other people thought. To me, understanding poetry is not about seeing through all the metaphors and difficult writing. It's much more about experience, making poetic miles by just reading and learning what works for you.


Solar-electric panels (photovoltaic—PV—modules) are devices that convert sunlight energy into electricity. You've likely heard a number of terms to describe different types of PV modules, but how do you know which one to choose and what are the differences between them?
The technologies used to manufacture solar-electric (PV) cells (the building blocks of solar panels or modules) and the differences among the final products are described below.
To manufacture single-crystal (also called monocrystalline) cells, the purified silicon is first melted, then a crystal is grown by placing a "seed" crystal into the molten material and drawing it slowly up from the heated crucible. The seed sets the pattern for the growing crystal, resulting in a large, cylindrical crystal called a boule. The boule must be sawn into very thin wafers which are the basis of PV cells.
Call or email our trained technical sales staff members to request a free sales quote for a solar electric system that will meet your needs.
Monocrystalline silicon is the most efficient at converting solar energy to electricity because the cells' molecular structure is arranged very uniformly, allowing for the most ideal transfer of electrons through the material with the fewest interruptions. Cell efficiencies for commercially available monocrystalline PV modules currently reach about 17%, with module efficiencies generally being a bit lower.
Multi-crystalline (also called polycrystalline) silicon modules are slightly less efficient (12-15%), but are less expensive to produce. The manufacturing process for polycrystalline cells involves casting of molten silicon into molds where the material hardens into "ingots". The resulting solid mass includes multiple intersecting crystal lattices and gives these cells their characteristic "jack frost" appearance.
Polycrystalline modules have varying grades based on the size of the crystals and the number of impurities, both of which are largely determined by the cooling rate of the material. Larger crystalline wafers are more expensive to produce, but are more efficient because of their tighter molecular structure.
Physically and electrically similar to polycrystalline is the "string ribbon" technology, currently used exclusively in the production of modules from Evergreen Solar. In this process, the melted silicon is formed into thin sheets by drawing it up from a vat of molten silicon in a ribbon-like film suspended between two wires or strings—think of a child's bubble-blowing wand or ring and you won't be far from the mark. The key advantages to this process are that the resulting cells need not be sliced from a solid mass—they are simply laser-cut from the continuous ribbon—like using a scissors—so there's less waste; and the cells are thinner, therefore less silicon is used. String ribbon-based modules are slightly less efficient (10-14%) but cost less to manufacture than traditional crystalline types.
Unlike their crystalline cousins, thin-film PV modules have no crystal structure— the silicon atoms are arranged at random, much like in glass. Instead of growing and slicing crystalline materials, thin-film modules are created by depositing very thin layers of photo-reactive materials onto a substrate, such as stainless steel.
Thin-film's typically low efficiencies (8-12%) are often countered by its unique advantages. It does better than crystalline in high-temperature areas (roughly above 30°C. typical ambient temperature). Its shade tolerance is in part due to the fact of its normally non-cellular construction. While mono- or polycrystalline panels are comprised of series-wired cells, where each is dependent on its neighbor to help reach the total rated voltage of the module, thin-film types are not so limited. Partial shading of crystalline PV modules—due to a tree branch or a leaf blown onto the module surface—can result in near-zero current output, while thin-film modules' output tends to be reduced more or less in step with the amount of surface area shaded.
The lack of brittle crystals and the use of alternative encapsulation techniques (i.e., no glass covering) allow thin-film modules to be made in various lightweight, flexible shapes. Thin-film has been used to make roll-out laminate modules for metal roofs; lightweight, foldable modules for military and portable needs; and even PV roofing shingles. It is very adaptable for use in consumer electronics with lower power requirements like watches, calculators, yard lights, and for charging computers, cell phones, MP3 players, and other equipment for on-the-go lifestyles. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solutions, that blend into the architecture better than standard framed modules, are another developing use for PV and thin-film will play a big role there. Even clothing with integrated thin-film PV has made its market debut!
The big promise of thin-film technologies is not only lighter weight but lower production costs, which should ultimately overcome the technology's big drawback: low power density, as measured in Watts generated per square unit of surface area. Crystalline module types can have up to three or more times the power density of some thin-film types. If the available surface area for mounting PV modules is limited—as might be the case in a roof-mounted solar array—then thin-film modules may not have the power density to produce all the power you need in the space you have.
Another quirk of thin-film PV is the "settling-in period". The materials used in their manufacture are initially less stable than mono- and polycrystalline cells. When first exposed to sunlight, their output decreases rapidly over a short period of time (typically weeks) by as much as 20% before they finally stabilize. That means some thin-film modules will produce well above their rated output during the first few weeks of full-time operation. If you're using new thin-film modules you may think you got a real bargain! But after settling in, such modules' output will typically fall into line closer to their rated output.
Currently, two types of thin-film PV products are on the market—amorphous silicon (abbreviated a-Si) and Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS), which uses no silicon at all.
The advantage to CIGS technology is higher absorptivity than amorphous silicon, with 99% of the light shining on the panel being used for energy production. The addition of gallium to the copper indium diselenide semiconductor material widens the spectrum of solar radiation that can be absorbed, improving overall efficiency of the panels. In addition to being more efficient than a-Si, these panels are more environmentally friendly in their manufacturing process. They also do not suffer degradation in cell efficiency associated with other thin-film PV products.
So, how do you go about choosing which modules to buy? Price isn't the only factor to consider. A lot depends on where you live and the environment where the modules will be placed in service.
Almost all solar modules are designed and built for outdoor use, so the durability factor is often covered. Most modules are framed in metal and covered in tempered glass. Hail impact ratings for up to 1" stones at 50 MPH are common. Some of the amorphous panels (like those from Unisolar) use a UV-resistant polycarbonate covering, which avoids the possibility of shattered glass while still offering excellent weather-proofing.
How large an array do you want to put in and how much room do you have on your roof or other location? If space is at a premium, then consider mono- or poly-crystalline modules. Modules are not uniformly shaped, so the dimensions of one model over another may make better use of your available space. Carefully measure the proposed installation space (avoid rooftop vent stacks or chimneys—even small shadows can dramatically drop your solar array output!) and then see what configurations work best. However, if you simply need to get the most energy for your buck and space is not an issue, then you might consider amorphous panels.
Aesthetics is often a major factor in homeowners' purchase decisions, especially for solar modules that will be placed in plain view, on the ground, or on a visible roof pitch. Monocrystalline and amorphous panels tend to have darker colors while multi-crystalline panels often have an iridescent blue color. But technology is the not the only determinant of color; one amorphous type has a deep maroon color! Not only color but module shape contributes to appearance. Some module manufacturers are coming up with solutions to fit more modules onto rooftops and with more aesthetically pleasing profiles—from solar shingles to triangular shapes to fit in corners so that the entire area of a roof can be used.
Another major consideration is availability. Module manufacturers change their product lines to keep up with market demands and technology refinements, so what's available today may not be available two years, one year, or even six months hence. If you're planning to expand your solar array in the future, you run the risk that the modules you install today will not be available when you're ready to expand. Further factors to consider: What sorts of environmental safeguards and improvements are being made to the manufacturer's process? How much embodied energy is represented in a given module and therefore how long must the module operate to "pay for itself" in terms of the energy used to make it? Don't forget to consider the length of the warranty, the weight of the modules to be lifted onto the roof, where the modules are manufactured, and shipping costs.
Clearly, there are many subtle, as well as not-so-subtle, differences among solar panel technologies. Understanding the differences—at least in the broad strokes offered here—can assist you in selecting the best panel type for your situation. Factors affecting your selection include price and availability, electrical characteristics, installation location dimensions and temperatures, and aesthetics. While it may seem a daunting task to make a selection among the many types and models available, it often happens that one or more of the factors above, as it will tend to lead you toward a likely candidate. And, of course, we're here to assist you with our expertise as you move toward installation of your own solar electric system.


QV Melbourne are at it again with their new city oasis QV Hideaway.
If you haven't been to one of QV's little city escapes, well now's your chance to come grab a coffee from Milky Joe's and a delicious brownie! There's also plenty of free stuff going on. And who doesn't love free?
Each day there's something new on, including free mini makeovers, eyebrow shaping, hair styling and cocktail classes. Check out the full calendar here.
QV really does know how to create the perfect escape, and it's not usually crowded at all so it really is just that, an escape. The QV Hideaway is open until September 21st (the day before my Birthday!) so make sure you head down before it's gone!


text:
Q: Azure ML Execute Python Module: Network I/O Disabled? Is there no way to connect to a URL from azure ml and get it's content
my code:
import requests
def azureml_main(dataframe1 = None, dataframe2 = None):
    b= requests.get("http://www.google.com",timeout=30)
    dataframe1 = b.content
    return dataframe1

Is there any change need to be made to connect to URL
ERROR:
Error 0085: The following error occurred during script evaluation, please view the output log for more information:
 ---------- Start of error message from Python interpreter ----------
data:text/plain,Caught exception while executing function: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\server\invokepy.py", line 167, in batch
odfs = mod.azureml_main(*idfs)
File "C:\temp\azuremod.py", line 24, in azureml_main
b= requests.get("http://www.google.com",timeout=30)
File "C:\pyhome\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 55, in get
return request('get', url, **kwargs)
File "C:\pyhome\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 44, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
File "C:\pyhome\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 456, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "C:\pyhome\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 559, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
File "C:\pyhome\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 375, in send
raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by <class 'socket.gaierror'>: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed)

---------- End of error message from Python  interpreter  ---------

Or is there any change needed to be made on the azure ml settings

A: UPDATE 1/28/2016
Network I/O for Execute Python Script is now supported.
Out of date
Network I/O is not support from Execute Python Modules. In order to execute such a program, you should instead launch a virtual machine(Windows or Linux your choice).
Windows:

*

*RDP into Virtual Machine

*Install your choice of Python

*You can drag and drop your Python program from your Local Windows machine onto your RDP screen to transfer your code

*Then run your program

Ubuntu:

*

*SSH into your virtual machine using Cygwin or Putty(Windows) or Terminal SSH (mac) ssh yourUserName@yourAzureVM.cloudapps.net

*install Python sudo apt-get install python

*open your preferred Linux text editor vi myProgram.py

*Copy and Paste your code into the editor (leave vi with esc :wq )

*Run your code python myProgram.py
To move data from your VM to AzureML please check out the Azure-MachineLearning-ClientLibrary-Python on Github

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Margit Novack is President of Moving Solutions, and is Founding President of the National Association of Senior Move Managers (NASMM). Margit is a pioneer in Senior Move Management and lauched the industry's first training program in 1999. Since that time, she has been committed to expanding the industry's professionalism through training and education. Margit serves on the NASMM Ethics Compliance Committee and developed the NASMM Cornerstone courses. She co-developed the NASMM FrontDoor Training and developed and presents the NAPO Downsizing with Seniors course. In 2010, NASMM honored Margit by establishing the Margit Novack Award for Outstanding Contributions to Senior Move Management.
Gael Hannan is a hearing health consultant and hearing loss advocate who grew up with progressive hearing loss that is now severe-to-profound.
Mary Elizabeth Parker, Ph.D. is a former university professor and writer whose works include stories, essays and poems.
Karen Reber, MSW, is the main editor for eSMMART. Karen has worked with older adults for over 30 years.
Teepa Snow, M.S., FAOTA is an expert and educator on dementia care. Teepa's Positive Approach to Care program is designed to help caregivers appreciate what happens when someone experiences cognitive changes, enhance their caregiving skills and improve the personal experience of those living with dementia.
Bill Thomas, M.D. is an international authority on eldercare and founder of the Eden Alternative. The Eden Alternative and other initiatives such as The Green House Project share a common goal of transforming long term care.
Laurie White, MSW is a dementia care specialist and is co-author of Understanding Difficult Behaviors and Moving a Relative with Memory Loss.
371 Productions is an independent production company that creates documentaries about issues that shape our lives.
Center for Aging Services (CAST) promotes the development, evaluation and adoption of emerging technologies that will improve the experience of aging and aging in place.
Fanlight Productions is a distributor of films on the social issues of our time, with a special focus on healthcare, mental health, professional ethics, aging, disabilities, and gender and family issues.
Terra Nova Films is a non-profit organization dedicated to fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of life in its later years through film.


text:
package com.kissintellignetsystems.ocm.compiler.java;

import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.apache.velocity.Template;
import org.apache.velocity.VelocityContext;
import org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine;
import org.apache.velocity.runtime.RuntimeConstants;
import org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.loader.ClasspathResourceLoader;

import com.kissintellignetsystems.ocm.compiler.Generator;
import com.kissintellignetsystems.ocm.compiler.parser.ASTColumnFamily;
import com.kissintellignetsystems.ocm.compiler.parser.ASTDynamicSuperFamily;
import com.kissintellignetsystems.ocm.compiler.parser.ASTField;
import com.kissintellignetsystems.ocm.compiler.parser.ASTMany2Many;
import com.kissintellignetsystems.ocm.compiler.parser.ASTSuperFamily;

public class JavaGenerator extends Generator
{
	@Override
	public void generate(List<ASTColumnFamily> columnFamilies, String namespace,  String keyspace, String directory)
	{
		try
		{
			VelocityEngine ve = new VelocityEngine();

			Properties props = new Properties();

	        //Get Velocity to find the template on the class path
			props.setProperty(RuntimeConstants.RESOURCE_LOADER, "classpath");
			props.setProperty("classpath." + VelocityEngine.RESOURCE_LOADER + ".class",
                   ClasspathResourceLoader.class.getName());

	        ve.init(props);

	        //Load the CSharp Table Template
	        Template template = ve.getTemplate("JavaColumnFamily.vm");

			for(int count=0; count < columnFamilies.size(); count++)
			{
				//Generate the each Column Family's code
				generateCassandraColumnFamily(template, columnFamilies, count, namespace, directory);
			}
		}
		catch(Exception exp)
		{
			System.out.println("An exception occured during Java code generation: " + exp.getLocalizedMessage());
		}
	}

	private void generateCassandraColumnFamily(Template template, List<ASTColumnFamily> columnFamilies, int currentFamily, String packageStr, String directory)
	{
		ASTColumnFamily family = columnFamilies.get(currentFamily);

		//Get the class name
		String className = family.getEntityName();

		if(className.equals(""))
		{
			//Use the table name
			className = family.getNameUpperCase();
		}

		//Get the key field
		ASTField parserKeyField = (ASTField)family.jjtGetChild(0);

		//Convert the key field
		JavaField keyField = toJavaField(parserKeyField);

		//Create the list of the column families
		ArrayList<JavaColumnFamily> superFamilies = new ArrayList<JavaColumnFamily>();
		ArrayList<JavaDynamicColumn> dynamicSuperFamilies = new ArrayList<JavaDynamicColumn>();
		ArrayList<JavaMany2Many> many2ManySuperFamilies = new ArrayList<JavaMany2Many>();

		//Output each fields declaration
		for(int count=1; count<family.jjtGetNumChildren(); count++)
		{
			//Get the column family
			Object familyObj = family.jjtGetChild(count);

			if(familyObj instanceof ASTSuperFamily)
			{
				//Get the column family
				ASTSuperFamily parserFamily = (ASTSuperFamily)familyObj;

				//Create a new CSharp Column Family
				JavaColumnFamily superFamily = new JavaColumnFamily();
				superFamily.setName(parserFamily.getName());

				//Add the family
				superFamilies.add(superFamily);

				for(int count2=0; count2 < parserFamily.jjtGetNumChildren(); count2++)
				{
					//Get the field
					ASTField parserField = (ASTField) parserFamily.jjtGetChild(count2);

					//Get the field
					JavaField field = toJavaField(parserField);

					//Add the field to the family
					superFamily.addField(field);
				}
			}

			else if(familyObj instanceof ASTDynamicSuperFamily)
			{
				//Get the column family
				ASTDynamicSuperFamily parserFamily = (ASTDynamicSuperFamily)familyObj;

				//Create a new CSharp Dynamic Column Family
				JavaDynamicColumn dynamicFamily = new JavaDynamicColumn();

				//Store the family data
				dynamicFamily.setName(parserFamily.getName());
				dynamicFamily.setType(parserFamily.getType());

				//Add the family
				dynamicSuperFamilies.add(dynamicFamily);
			}

			else if(familyObj instanceof ASTMany2Many)
			{
				//Get the column family
				ASTMany2Many parserFamily = (ASTMany2Many)familyObj;

				//Create a new CSharp Dynamic Column Family
				JavaMany2Many many2Many = new JavaMany2Many();

				//Store the relationship data
				many2Many.setName(parserFamily.getName());
				many2Many.setColumnFamily(parserFamily.getColumnFamily());
				many2Many.setField(parserFamily.getField());

				for(int count2=0; count2 < columnFamilies.size(); count2++)
				{
					ASTColumnFamily foriegnFamily = columnFamilies.get(count2);

					if(foriegnFamily.getName().equals(many2Many.getColumnFamily()))
					{
						//Store the entity name
						many2Many.setEntityName(foriegnFamily.getEntityName());
					}
				}

				//Add the family
				many2ManySuperFamilies.add(many2Many);
			}
		}

		//Create the new Velocity Context
        VelocityContext context = new VelocityContext();

        //Add the table name
		context.put("columnFamilyName", family.getName());

		//Add the package and class name
		context.put("package", packageStr);
		context.put("className", className);

		//Add the key field
		context.put("keyField", keyField);

		//Add the column families
		context.put("families", superFamilies);
		context.put("dynamicFamilies", dynamicSuperFamilies);
		context.put("many2ManyFamilies", many2ManySuperFamilies);

		try
		{
			//Open the output file
			FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(directory + className + ".java");

			//Merge the template and the context
			template.merge(context, writer);

			//Close the table file
			writer.close();
		}
		catch (IOException exception)
		{
			System.out.print("There was an IO problem outputing the Cassandra Column Family: " + family.getName() + "\n\n");
		}
	}

	private JavaField toJavaField(ASTField parserField)
	{
		//Create the CSharp field
		JavaField field = new JavaField();

		//Set the basic field info
		field.setName(parserField.getName());
		field.setType(parserField.getType());

		//Set the annotations
		Iterator<Entry<String,String>> iterator = parserField.getAnnotationEnteries().iterator();
	    while (iterator.hasNext())
	    {
	    	Entry<String, String> entry = iterator.next();

	    	//Add each annotation
	    	field.addAnnotation(entry.getKey() , entry.getValue());
	    }

		//Set the type specific fields
		if(parserField.getType().equals("Boolean"))
		{
			field.setTypeName("boolean");
			field.setToStringValue("toBoolean");
			field.setFromStringValue("fromBoolean");
		}

		else if(parserField.getType().equals("Byte"))
		{
			field.setTypeName("byte");
			field.setToStringValue("toByte");
			field.setFromStringValue("fromByte");
		}

		else if(parserField.getType().equals("ByteStream"))
		{
			field.setTypeName("byte[]");
			field.setToStringValue("toByteArray");
			field.setFromStringValue("fromByteArray");
		}

		else if(parserField.getType().equals("Double"))
		{
			field.setTypeName("double");
			field.setToStringValue("toDouble");
			field.setFromStringValue("fromDouble");
		}

		else if(parserField.getType().equals("Float"))
		{
			field.setTypeName("float");
			field.setToStringValue("toFloat");
			field.setFromStringValue("fromFloat");
		}

		else if(parserField.getType().equals("Int"))
		{
			field.setTypeName("int");
			field.setToStringValue("toInt");
			field.setFromStringValue("fromInt");
		}

		else if(parserField.getType().equals("Long"))
		{
			field.setTypeName("long");
			field.setToStringValue("toLong");
			field.setFromStringValue("fromLong");
		}

		else if(parserField.getType().equals("String"))
		{
			field.setTypeName("String");
			field.setToStringValue("toString");
			field.setFromStringValue("fromString");
		}

		//Return the new field
		return field;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Let the exquisiteness of East and North East India cast a spell on you. With TravelUR's West Bengal tour package, we help you get on board for a journey of two most soulful travel destinations in India- Darjeeling and Gangtok. Take dawdling walks through charming tea estates in Darjeeling and behold the view of some of the most romantic sunrises and sunsets in Gangtok.
On our Darjeeling Gangtok holiday tour package, you can bask under the warm sun in the lap of nature. Observe the slow-paced yet gratified lifestyle of the locals in West Bengal. You can marvel at the picturesque vistas of colossal Himalayan Mountains. Do not miss out on treating your taste buds with the local street food in these pristine locations.
TravelUR's 4 nights 5 days Darjeeling and Gangtok tour allows you to opt for an adventure that gradually but with certainty turns out to be a cherished travel experience. View our detailed day to day itinerary which can also be customised to suit your needs and book now!
Upon arrival at the airport, you will be greeted by our representative to proceed to Gangtok and check in to the hotel.
After lunch, head out to visit the famous attractions in Gangtok. First, see the Tsomgo Lake. It is a glacial lake whose surface reflects diverse colours with a change of seasons. The lake is bounded by steep mountains that are covered with snow during winter. Tourist attractions at the lake site comprise of joyous rides on decorated mules and yaks. There are also many kiosks that offer a variety of drinks and food.
Then, visit the Baba Mandir. It is said that Harbhajan Singh, who was a Sentry of Punjab Regiment drowned and died in a stream. In the dreams of one of his sentry colleagues, he asked him to make a memorial on his name here. Today, a lot of devotees come here to worship.
Later, return to the hotel for dinner and overnight stay.
After your breakfast, explore rest of the tourist places in Gangtok.
First, visit the Hanuman Tok. It is this place where Lord Hanuman rested for a while when he was flying with the "Sanjeevani' to save the life of Lord Ram. A temple was created in the same spot and pilgrims from all over the world pay their respects in this temple.
Then, head to the Banjhakri Falls. It is set in a landscaped park and promises a day filled with excitement and tranquillity. Walk over the park's star attraction- the footbridge that is built over the water stream.
Later, visit the Ranka Monastery. It is one of the most picture-perfect monasteries in East India. The entry to the monastery happens with a walk around a long wall with a series of prayer wheels fixed on it.
Lastly, head to see the Ganesh Tok viewpoint. Tourists from all over come here to not only offer prayers to Lord Ganesh, but also for soaking in the vistas from the viewing lounge and the spherical balcony around it.
Return back to the hotel for a delicious meal and restful sleep.
After your breakfast, proceed to Darjeeling and check in at the hotel. After freshening up, proceed for local sightseeing.
Get lured by the dazzling snow peaks, beautiful tea gardens, delicious local delicacies and much more in Darjeeling. The drive from Gangtok up to Darjeeling is extremely beautiful and scenic.
Start your sightseeing in Darjeeling by first visiting the Mirik Lake. It has become a famous tourist destination in Darjeeling due to its climate, natural beauty and easy accessibility. You can also indulge in horse riding and paddle boating activities and also engage in fish feeding.
Then, visit Pashupati Nagar. The market here is enormously popular and is specifically known for inexpensive cosmetics and clothes that are imported from Thailand. You can also shop for colourful woollen caps, socks, gloves, jackets, footwear, artefacts, and household items from here.
Delicious local cuisines can be enjoyed and then return back to the hotel for an overnight stay.
After a sumptuous breakfast, head out to visit the sightseeing places in Darjeeling.
On the fourth day of your West Bengal holiday tour package, first, visit the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute. It is the first mountaineering institute established in India. The institute's primary objective is to encourage mountaineering as an organized sport in the nation.
Then head to the P.N. Zoological Park. This is an internationally renowned park due to its preservation breeding programmes of snow leopards, red panda, Tibetan wolf and other highly in danger of extinction animal species of Eastern Himalaya.
Next, see the Tenzing rock and Tea Garden. The tensing rock is a gigantic natural rock in Darjeeling where one can trek and opt for rock climbing activities. The tea garden, on the other hand, can be explored by taking a stroll and learning about the tea processing in the factory. Some of the best teas in the world are rolled, withered, dried, assorted and packaged in Darjeeling.
Head to the Japanese Temple next. It is a Buddhist religious temple built in a Japanese style of architecture. Use the small stick and a drum pad to join the prayers and feel the divine peace.
Adjacent to that is the Peace Pagoda. It is designed to offer a focus for people of all creeds and races to help unite them in their pursuit of world peace.
Return to the hotel in Darjeeling and spend the night peacefully.
After breakfast, you check out from the hotel and drive to the airport.
Your Darjeeling and Gangtok tour package comes to an end here. We advise you to reach the airport two hours prior to your flight. We hope this incredible and naturist trip gave you many memorable moments to cherish for a lifetime.
Personal expenses like telephone, fax, internet, tips, laundry, drinks, etc.
All activity charges at various sightseeing places, etc.
You or any member of your party may cancel their travel arrangements at any time. Written notification or an e-mail to that effect from the person who made the booking must be received at our end.
From booking date till 15 days prior to departure -30 % of Package Cost.
7 Days prior to departure-50% of Package Cost.
3 to 7 Days prior to departure -75 % of Package Cost.
22,000/- per person on twin sharing basis.
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Directions: With your arms resting on pillows and maintaining an upright position, shrug your shoulders up towards your ears. While maintaining the shrug position, squeeze your shoulder blades together. Return to the starting position. Make sure you maintain a slight chin tuck throughout the exercise.


text:
Home > Events > Teaching Environmental History & the Anthropocene: Challenges and Possibilities
Teaching Environmental History & the Anthropocene: Challenges and Possibilities
15 December, 3:30 pm - 5:30 pm
The latest UCL Anthropocene and Institute of Historical Research 'Anthropocene Histories' seminar is: Teaching Environmental History & the Anthropocene: Challenges and Possibilities
To attend, please register for the Zoom meeting here: https://www.history.ac.uk/events/teaching-environmental-history-anthropocene-challenges-and-possibilities
How can we teach environmental history most effectively? The field is both a longstanding and a somewhat marginal area in historiography. Despite its centrality to major intellectual shifts (such as the Annales), environmental history has arguably not achieved the importance it merits within the discipline more widely. That may be changing as students become more concerned by the accelerating climate crisis, and more mainstream history recognizes the interdependence of human life on other biosystems.
This discussion brings together a panel with a wide experience of teaching environmental history and the Anthropocene to discuss their experiences of assembling curricula, teaching environmental history, and developing new approaches to the topic to explore both the challenges and the possibilities of teaching environmental history and the Anthropocene.
Karen Jones is professor of environmental history at the University of Kent and works on parks, wolves and various critters, dead and alive. Her teaching includes 'From Cholera to Climate Change: Environment and Society in Modern Britain', 'Attenborough to Zebra: Human-Animal Encounters in the Modern Age' and 'How the West Was Won (or Lost): The American West in the 19th Century'. She is also on the steering committee of History UK.
Mark Levene spent many years as an academic banging his head against the wall of institutional inertia on climate change. The pros and cons of 'doing it yourself' can be explored through Rescue!History which he founded in 2005. He also curated the 'Rethinking History in the Light of Anthropogenic Climate Change Syllabus'. Levene for his sins also writes about genocide and other forms of mass violence.
Amanda Power is Associate Professor of Medieval History at the University of Oxford. She teaches an environmentally-inflected 'global middle ages' course, co-convenes the Climate Crisis Thinking in the Humanities and Social Sciences network, and has been involved in discussions about how to innovate in education in response to climate crisis, and how to include climate in history curricula. She is currently working on a book: Medieval Histories of the Anthropocene.
Giulia Rispoli is a cultural historian of science and ideas, and a research scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG, Berlin). Rispoli co-organizes and co-curates, along with Christoph Rosol, the interdisciplinary project Anthropogenic Markers, which emerges from a collaboration between the MPIWG, Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW), and the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG).
John Sabapathy is Professor of History at UCL. He teaches courses on medieval history, COVID-19 in historical perspective, and 'Emergency History: A Natural History of Humanity for the Present', on the use of history in the Anthropocene.
All welcome, this seminar is free to attend but booking is required.