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10 major threats to Aboriginal land
Many threats endanger Aboriginal land and Aboriginal peoples' heritage, history and sacred sites—are you one of them?
By Jens Korff
| 27 min read
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You'll be surprised how many threats endanger Aboriginal land. Indigenous people have to fight on many fronts to keep alive their heritage, history and sacred sites.
— Bev Manton, Chairperson New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council in 2010 [1]
Threat: Climate change
Peak of a major king tide on Boigu Island in early 2011, Torres Strait [2]
King tide peak at Poruma, Torres Strait [2]
Estimated cost to protect the Torres Strait islands from being flooded during high tides [3]
Climate change affects Aboriginal land already. Torres Strait Islanders are noticing visible changes to their land, including erosion, rough seas and higher storm frequency, according to former Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner Tom Calma. [4] Other risks include king tides, and ocean acidification and its effects on coral reefs and fish.
Extreme weather conditions have the potential to reduce water availability and erode infrastructure like sewerage systems and housing on the islands.
Many villages are only about 2 metres above sea level. At least 6 islands urgently require the construction of sea walls and coastal erosion control measures [5]: Poruma (Coconut) Island, Warraber (Sue) Island, Iama (Yam) Island, Masig (Yorke) Island, Boigu and Saibai. Most of these islands have their own airstrips.
Map: On Iama (Yam) Island, Torres Strait, residents' homes are already frequently inundated with sea water [3]. The island could be lost to the sea if no conservation measures are taken.
The 2008 Garnaut Report identified the Torres Strait as especially vulnerable. Over the next century the sea-level is expected to rise by up to 59 centimetres [6].
"There is a real possibility that some communities will need to move to higher ground or relocate altogether to the mainland," Calma said. Shaun Edwards from far North Queensland agrees, predicting that "Torres Strait Islanders will end up coming to the mainland" [7], an option not considered by others such as Climate Change Minister Penny Wong [8].
Fred Gela, Mayor of the Torres Strait Island Regional Council, says that "the land and sea in the Torres Strait is a critical part of our spiritual and physical identity." [5] Inaction would put at risk the survival of their way of life which is unique in Australia.
But Aboriginal people are well-placed "to help mitigate the impacts of climate change because of where they live and their unique knowledge of the land," says Joe Ross, Chair of the Northern Australia Land and Water Taskforce [9].
We already have water rising in Kowanyama… At high tide water runs right through some islands.
— Shaun Edwards, Cape York Aboriginal leader [7]
On mainland Australia, some Aboriginal communities feel that global heating threatens their survival. Houses are not built to deal with prolonged periods of extreme heat and several outstations are running out of water or have poor drinking water quality.
Houses in town camps are often built from cheap, hollow concrete blocks which trap the heat. Without sufficient tree cover houses and overwhelmed air conditioning units, people sleep outside, in shifts or overcrowd the coolest room of the house – with often devastating consequences.
In some communities, such as Yuendumu, about 300 kms north-west of Alice Springs, the government is no longer building new houses because there isn't enough water in the aquifer to accommodate more people. Most communities in the NT have either poor water quality, are water stressed, or experience both. [10]
Regional centres such as Alice Springs might need to brace for an influx of climate refugees from Australia's tropical north.
People will be forced to leave their country and leave behind much of what makes them Aboriginal. Climate change is a clear and present threat to the survival of our people and their culture.
— Josie Douglas, Manager of Policy and Research, Central Land Council [10]
In Alice Springs, the mean number of days in January with 40 °C or above between 1981 and 2010 was 7. In January 2019, there were 22 such days. [11]
Threat: Tourism
Visitors climbing Uluru. At the base of the climb signs discourage people from climbing and explain that this is a site which is sacred to the local Anangu Aboriginal people. Photo: Björn Ritter
Percentage of visitors who climbed Uluru in 2010; [12] in 2012: just over 20%; [13] in 1993: almost 75%. [14]
People who have died climbing the rock. [15]
Tourism can often peacefully coexist with Aboriginal land, but sometimes is a threat to Indigenous interests. Uluru (formerly known as Ayers Rock) is one such example.
For Aboriginal people Uluru is a sacred site and should be off-limits for non-Indigenous visitors. Demands to close the only climb in respect to the rock's significance have been made many times.
Kunmanara Uluru, one of the traditional owners, says: "That's a really important sacred thing that you are climbing... You shouldn't climb. It's not the real thing about this place. The real thing is listening to everything. And maybe that makes you a bit sad. But anyway that's what we have to say. We are obliged by Tjukurrpa [Dreaming, Dreamtime] to say. And all the tourists will brighten up and say, 'Oh I see. This is the right way. This is the thing that's right. This is the proper way: no climbing'." [16]
But Uluru is an icon of international value for Australia's tourism industry. When yet another call for its closure was made in early 2010 the Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, NT Chief Minister Paul Henderson and Environment Minister Peter Garett were compelled to call for Uluru to be kept open because "the future for this internationally significant icon lies in visitor experiences that reflect its World Heritage values". [15]
Unfortunately some of Uluru's annual 100,000 visitors don't care much about its sacredness or the signs that discourage a climb and pee and defecate on it. [15][17] Many more party or urinate up there. Visitors from all over the world take home parts of the rock, and many feel haunted for months after, subsequently sending back their stones to Australia.
[Prime minister] Kevin Rudd won't be around forever. One day he'll be gone and Aboriginal people won't. They'll still be there watching people leave tracks over their sacred site.
— David Ross, director Central Land Council (representing Indigenous groups) [15]
What most people are unaware of is the fact that the heart centre of Australia – Uluru – has a calling of healing energy to the spirit to come, and experience 'The Rock'. This draws many, if not millions, from all over the world to touch, connect to and experience these vibrations of one of the most sacred heart centres of the earth.
— Pascoe Braun, son of one of the custodians of Uluru [18]
Disrespectful tourists on top of Uluru. British tourists (left), a French tourist (middle) and another man pose on the sacred "heart centre of Australia". "I do not mean in any way to offend the Aboriginal culture," claimed the French tourist, but she outraged Indigenous and non-Indigenous people around the world with her stupid action. Other tourists were photographed on Uluru playing golf.
Threat: Sports
Delicate rock art sites, often not signposted to protect them, are vulnerable to climbers who step on the art, cover it with chalk or drill holes and bolts into the rock, traditional custodians claim. They also create paths through virgin bush to access climbing sites. [19] As a result, climbing has been banned in some areas, such as in parts of the Grampians National Park in Victoria.
Recreational and off-road vehicles used by tourists and locals can damage Aboriginal sites in conservation areas and national parks.
For example, the Arthur-Pieman Conservation Area in Tasmania, described as "one of the world's greatest archaeological regions" [20] for its Aboriginal heritage, has been subjected to damage for many years.
Most if not all tracks in the area go over Aboriginal heritage sites. Attempts to close tracks to prevent damage failed because "people have pulled [barriers] out and gone around them". [20] A strong vehicle lobby vetoes attempts to implement barriers.
Threat: Development
Maximum legislated fine in Tasmania for destroying historic European heritage. [21]
Maximum legislated fine in Tasmania for destroying Aboriginal heritage. [21] The same fine before the introduction of the Aboriginal Heritage Act in 1988: $200. [22]
Fine a court ordered electrical company Ausgrid pay in 2013 for destroying a significant rock engraving on Sydney's north shore in late 2010. Maximum fine for a corporation available to the court: $220,000. [23]
Number of turtle nests found by an environmental impact study commissioned by the Department of State Development in Western Australia. [24]
Number of turtle nests found by a peer-reviewed independent study for the same region. [24] Turtles are an endangered species.
Developers' projects such as infrastructure, businesses and dwellings often threaten to damage or destroy sacred sites, rock art or places of great important to the local Aboriginal people.
Sometimes Aboriginal artefacts make their way into fill used to fill excavated areas, [25] hundreds of kilometres away from the artefacts' home country.
For example, in late 2009 the 'Guardian Tree' at Bulahdelah in New South Wales, "the most sacred site of the Worimi nation", was cut by workers with chainsaws, backed by police who kept the protesters away. [26] The tree made way for a highway bypass.
Similarly, about 3,000 trees were marked for destruction for an upgrade of the Western Highway in Victoria. Among them scar trees, birthing trees (one of them thought to be 800 years old) and other culturally modified treed. [27] The matter went to court where activists appealed the environment minister's decision to go ahead. [28]
Aboriginal people in Tasmania in 2009 fought the Brighton Bypass which was bulldozed through land rich of significant sites with an estimated 3 million artefacts and "one of the most important archaeological sites in Tasmania" according to head archaeologist Rob Paton. [29] It was confirmed to date back 40,000 years, making it the oldest site in the southern hemisphere with evidence of human habitation. [30] The government decided to build a bridge over the area despite two years of meetings, lobbying, court challenges to heritage legislation, an emergency national heritage listing, dozens of arrests and protests which even gained support of many of the workers employed to build the bridge. [31]
Two days before Christmas 2011 the site, also referred to as Kutalayna (Jordan River Levee), was placed on Australia's National Heritage List, [32] which puts it on the same level as Uluru and the Great Barrier Reef.
A Matter of Consequence
From time to time I sit and stare,
observe this land that is now bare.
Most proceed without thought or care
for this spiritual sanctuary we're meant to share.
More land is cleared new buildings raised,
toxic waste dump proposals ensure an early grave.
Silently the ghosts of millennia past
refuse to submit to modernity's farce.
They rise through the soil then into the air,
seeking revenge for two centuries of despair.
To politicians and others who've never been fair,
I strongly suggest, beware, beware...
The wrath of those spirits who live in the earth,
those ancient guardians who lived here first. [33]
In June 2010 Gomilaroi Elder Lyall Munro was fighting the sale in Moree, NSW, of a site known to have been an Aboriginal burial ground. The NSW government had approved the sale to retailing giant Woolworths. Munro believes the remains of 39 people could still be in the site. [34]
When disputes between Aboriginal stakeholders involved in negotiations for a proposed multi-million-dollar gas hub near Broome, in Western Australia, took too long the Western Australian premier simply announced to compulsorily acquire the land. But instead of the 3,500 hectares under negotiation the government wanted to acquire 20,000 hectares for "some flexibility to identify final locations". [2]
Bev Manton, Chairperson of the NSW Aboriginal Land Council, observes that "some 900 sites have been destroyed in recent years… with recent figures showing up to five permits [to destroy cultural heritage] being issued a week". [1] New South Wales remains the only state without independent culture and heritage legislation.
The situation in Tasmania is similar. "We have found that since [Tasmanian] Minister [for Environment, Parks, Heritage and the Arts] Michelle O'Byrne took over responsibility for Aboriginal heritage, more than 30 destruction permits were issued under her name without any involvement of Aboriginal people," says Michael Mansell, Director of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Legal Centre. [29]
The need to preserve ancient buildings has never been more embedded in Tasmanian culture than it is today, yet there is the strange contradiction in attitudes towards preserving Aboriginal heritage.
— Michael Mansell, Aboriginal campaigner [35]
I find it astounding the [Tasmanian] government would push to build a four-lane freeway through the world's oldest known site of human inhabitation in the southern hemisphere, all in the name of saving a whopping eight minutes driving time.
— Bev Manton, Chairwoman, New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council [36]
Rock art threatened by development. This photo was taken in February 2005 when a road still covered parts of the Aboriginal rock art. The main piece is within the white fence. Five years later the road had been closed and partly removed to conserve the site.
Excavation or destruction of registered sites is prohibited by law and fines apply. If you believe that there may be an area under threat that has cultural significance you can contact your local traditional owners (through an Aboriginal Land Council) or the a government department (for example in NSW the Aboriginal Heritage Office) and have the area investigated.
New South Wales is the only state or territory that hasn't enacted separate legislation for the protection of our precious culture and heritage. [37]
Threat: Resources industry
Fine for Xstrata Mount Isa Mines after the company pleaded guilty to damaging an Aboriginal cultural heritage site. Xstrata had bulldozed cultural heritage objects including flint spears and knives while upgrading a road. [38]
Fine ordered by a court for knowingly destroying two ancient Aboriginal camp sites, despite the miner's expert identifying the sites. [39]
Number of sites mining giant BHP planned to destroy in 2020 which had the approval of the Western Australian Aboriginal Affairs Minister. [40]
Number of leaks, spills and licence breaches of the Ranger uranium mine in Kakadu National Park since it opened in 1981. [41]
Percentage of the world's mineable high-grade uranium deposits which are located in Australia.
Age of a site in the WA Pilbara region that was legally destroyed by mining giant Rio Tinto in 2020. [42]
Number of litres of Great Artesian Basin water BHP Billion's Olympic Dam mine uses every day, free of charge, the "largest industrial user of underground water in the southern hemisphere". [43]
Number of sites mining companies excavated in Eastern Guruma country, WA, between 2010 and 2020. Of those, 25 were destroyed. There is no commitment to preserve the remaining sites. [40]
Percentage of mining activities in Australia that take place on Aboriginal land. [44]
Destroyed Aboriginal sacred site. The site, known as Two Women Sitting Down, was split in half as a result of minerals company OM Mining's activities at its Bootu Creek manganese mine on the Banka Banka cattle station, 170km north of Tennant Creek, in Australia's Northern Territory. [45] In August 2013, the company was found guilty of one count of desecrating and one count of damaging the site and was fined $150,000. Photo: Treaty Republic
Dissent among traditional owners. Some Aboriginal people are in favour of industrial developments, further complicating negotiations for mining leases. [46]
Mining interests collide with Aboriginal land interests ever since Australia's rich resources were discovered. 80% of mining activities in Australia take place on Aboriginal land. [44] And many political decisions are not driven by the best interests for Aboriginal people but by revenue generated by the resource industry or based on biased and inadequate legislation.
How else could you explain ministers allowing mining projects to go ahead despite acknowledging in the same breath that the sites they'll destroy "retain immeasurable cultural values and connection to country" to their Aboriginal custodians. [47]
Development pressure by the resources industry for many remaining wilderness areas is "extensive and imminent" [48] and it appears that the industry often uses "stand-over and divisive tactics" to pressure Aboriginal groups into entering deals [49] rather than consulting with them properly. "We speak, and no-one listens," is their common complaint. [40]
In 2020, New South Wales was the only state with no stand-alone Aboriginal heritage legislation. [50]
A 1977 act of Parliament allowed mining to go ahead on lands of the Mirarr people (north-western Northern Territory) without their express consent – despite the same act giving a right of veto to most of the nation's other Aboriginal groups. [51]
Mining companies undertake investigations to understand the importance of sites in exchange for the ability to then destroy them.
— Dr Kathryn Przywolnik, archaeologist and heritage manager at Wintawari Guruma Aboriginal Corporation [40]
Mining delivers... environmental disasters
Jillian Marsh is a member of the Australian Nuclear Free Alliance (ANFA) Committee and a custodian of the Adnyamathanha people of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia.
She says that "extensive case study research and the concerns raised by Aboriginal people at the grass-roots level shows that mining agreements have not improved life for Aboriginal people, and uranium mines mean more problems."
"It is cynical for the uranium industry to act as if it can deliver for Aboriginal people. The main lasting effect of uranium mining for Aboriginal people is radioactive waste on their country, and no resources to clean up the mess left by miners". [52]
Toro Energy's Wiluna project, which was given the go-ahead in April 2013, projected to store 9.1 million cubic metres of radioactive mine waste in a lake bed. [53]
In December 2013, a leach tank burst at the Ranger uranium mine, located in the Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory, spilling 1 million litres of highly acidic uranium slurry that engulfed the mine and breached containment lines [54], a spill considered "one of the worst uranium disasters in Australian history". [55]
Ranger has experienced more than 200 spills, leaks and breaches since opening in 1979. [54]Communities surrounding nuclear mines and bombs sites have noticed cancer clusters, increased health problems such as diabetes, kidney failure and ill health. [56]
High levels of the lethal crocidolite asbestos from asbestos dust exposure in the mine in Wittenoon, 1,100 kilometres north-north-east of Perth, WA, affects Aboriginal people in both their homes and on sacred sites, causing mesothelioma. [57]
My sisters told me our father died of a heartbreak of the land, because of the mines.
— Kathy Balngayngu Marika, Aboriginal elder and dancer [58]
There has never been a successful uranium mine in Australia. Each one has had its accidents, its spills, its leaks and its failed rehabilitation.
— Mia Pepper, anti-nuclear campaign coordinator, Conservation Council of Western Australia [53]
Video: The fight against mining companies
Watch the plea of traditional owner Auntie Beve against New Zealand-based sand mining company Rocla's plan to build a mine on a sacred Aboriginal Women's Fertility Rites songline and teaching place, in Calga on the Central Coast NSW.
Watch how the Wangan and Jagalingou people vow to fight for their Dreaming, against mining giant Adani and the Queensland parliament which endorses the mining project.
You cannot expect corporations to be what they are not. They are legally mandated to maximise profit. Ultimately they are amoral entities.
— David Ritter, lawyer-turned activist [59]
Wind change
The wind blew in a different direction,
The Keeper of Culture's Connection to country
blown away by a legal overlay.
Whose song is singing, whose law is reigning?
Walmadan, the Maban man must be wailing
in his grave, his waterhole will turn pindan
Blood red, when 'Mother Earth' is slain
by the industrial machines' smashing, crushing
clutches, and the sand dunes, the dark rocks jutting
by the shore, the blue waves that roll in the sea,
the frolicking and birthing marine dwellers
- humpback whales, turtles and dugongs
will sing no more... the locals will fish here
no more, and their incredibly beautiful
ancient culture will be traded
for a moment's illusory dream of 'progress'.
Poem by Deborah Wall. [60]Read more Aboriginal poetry.
Advertisement by the Queensland government in 1963 praising the state's "vast natural resources" and inviting businesses to share it. Unfortunately it forgot to mention who owned these resources in the first place. [61]
No more threats after 2100?
Maybe, around the year 2100, the threat to Aboriginal land by the resources industry has become obsolete.
Mineral resources are not endless. Australia's gold and zinc deposits are estimated to be exhausted around 2044, followed by LNG (gas) in 2072, iron and steel in 2082 and black coal, aluminium and copper around 2100. [62] Only nickel and uranium last another 27 years beyond that.
Will Aboriginal people get back their lands? If so, in what state? How many sacred sites will be left?
Threat: Politicians
If politicians have to decide between money and culture, money wins in most cases. Outdated legislation that is biased towards the dominant culture is another issue.
Ministers are not shy to allow mining projects to go ahead while acknowledging in the same breath that the sites they'll destroy "retain immeasurable cultural values and connection to country" to their Aboriginal custodians. [47]
Aboriginal people, desperate to preserve the lands they have a cultural obligation to protect, find themselves forced to reveal the locations of sacred sites in their desperate attempt to convince the courts to stop the destruction. It's a decision that violates ancient lore.
"Under traditional law and custom, giving that information is against law. [...] We run the risk of not giving enough information and therefore they rule against us again. But if we give it, under our law, then we're not doing the right thing either, and there are consequences for that. This is where cultural and European laws fight against each other all the time," explained Gomeroi custodian Dolly Talbott at a time her people were fighting the proposed Shenhua coal mine on the Liverpool plains of New South Wales. [47]
Australia's history is littered with cases where laws and politicians defeat Aboriginal people and eons-old sites. Here are a few of them.
Allowing the Ranger Mine
In the 1970s, with an impending visit of a Japanese Prime Minister hungry for resources, Gough Whitlam's Labor government rushed to secure a site which would become the Ranger Mine.
Despite opposition of the traditional Aboriginal custodians to the mining of uranium on that site, in a landmark environmental inquiry into Ranger in 1976, Justice Russell Fox noted that "we form the conclusion that their opposition should not be allowed to prevail", acknowledging at the same time that "the arrival of large numbers of white people... will potentially be very damaging to the welfare and interests of the Aboriginal people there". [63]
Based on his recommendations an Aboriginal veto on mining at the site was expressly disallowed.
Impatient minister grabs land
When it took too long for the Western Australia government, developer Woodside and the Kimberley Aboriginal Land Council to reach an agreement, WA's premier simply announced that his government would compulsorily acquire the land where a $30 billion liquefied natural gas site had been proposed. [64]
This decision is significant because acquisition powers are usually reserved for acquiring interests in land for a public purpose.
Traditional owners were "furious, absolutely mad angry" about the decision which for them confirmed "that every time you move forward and put your hand on someone's shoulder for a bit of support, they turn around and bite it". [65]
Angry mining CEO makes minister comply
In 2009, after a successful court challenge by traditional owners to environmental approvals given under the Coalition government of John Howard, Xstrata CEO Mick Davis threatened to close the mine and sack its 300 workers on Australia Day if the present Liberal government under Kevin Rudd did not intervene to validate the project.
Then Greens environment minister Peter Garrett swiftly complied... [66]
Minster attempts to bypass Aboriginal approval
In 2014, Crown Lands Minister Kevin Humphries, without any consultation with Aboriginal Land Councils, introduced the Crown Lands Amendment (Public Ownership of Beaches and CoastalLands) Bill 2014. Its aim: extinguish Aboriginal land claims over the state's beaches and coastline. [67]
After a rally and protests by land councils Humpries withdrew the bill two weeks later.
The government's justification for the bill: "The Government remains firmly committed to the notion that the State's beaches belongs to every resident of NSW and should not be privatised." [67]
They clearly haven't talked to Aboriginal people who would not unilaterally shut down beaches. The government's line of argumentation reminds of patronising comments to the Blue Mud Bay High Court decision of 2008.
Minister agrees to destroy a 46,000-year-old site
It was a strange coincidence of two events in May 2020, a world apart in many ways.
In norther Italy archaeologists discovered a perfectly preserved ancient Roman mosaic floor dated to 300 AD (so roughly 1,720 years old). Authorities swiftly promised that they "will now liaise with the owners of the area and municipality to identify the most appropriate ways of making this archaeological treasure ... available and accessible." [68]
At the same time, a mining company in Australia lit the fuses to detonate a sacred site in Western Australia that showed 46,000 years of continual occupation and provided a 4,000-year-old genetic link to present-day traditional owners to expand their iron ore mine. [42]
The WA government's Minister for Aboriginal Affairs had approved the destruction in 2013 under Section 18 of the WA Aboriginal Heritage Act (1972). A few years earlier he had also given permission – without considering excavation results – to destroy several rock shelters. One, believed to be 23,000 years old, is now so close to mining operations that it's only a matter of time it will be damaged or destroyed. [40]
They are planning to drill a tunnel right through [spiritual creator] Virdnimuru's head.
— Dr Jillian Marsh, about a proposed expansion of the Beverley uranium mine in South Australia [69]
I strongly encourage the South Australian Government to act quickly… to introduce appropriate procedural rigour for the benefit of investors.
— Patrick Elliott, chairman, Argonaut Resources, in response to a court win for Aboriginal people [70]
Environmental impact rules may still allow for the destruction of sites of cultural significance to Aboriginal people, concludes Dr Jillian Marsh in a research study into negotiations between a mining company and representatives of an Aboriginal community [69].
According to Dr Marsh, some negotiations between miners and Aboriginal communities are "tokenistic" and carried out in an atmosphere of fear, suspicion, bullying and compulsion. Sometimes community members are forcibly removed from public meetings.
"My research suggests that Aboriginal communities are not opposed to mining or development – but they are opposed to the destruction of their culture, their land, their sites, and to the bullying that goes on around mineral exploration and mining," Dr Marsh said [69].
We are not anti-development, just anti-unethical development.
— Anne Poelina, traditional owner, Nyikina Mangala people [48]
The Ranger uranium mine in the Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, leaked about 100,000 litres of contaminated water a day for 30 years from its tailings dam—but an 18-month review completed in 2010 failed to find where the water had gone [71]. Heavy rains during the wet season can be dangerous when dams are at capacity. The Ranger mine has had more than 150 leaks, spills and mishaps since it opened despite opposition from Kakadu's traditional owners in 1981 [71]. Mining companies are unlikely to abandon their leases with some estimated to contain uranium worth more than $18 billion [71].
Aboriginal people feel disempowered by the complex processes, legal talk and are often forced to accept. Along with the economic loss of access to their land and traditional food sources goes the spiritual loss of their connection to country.
Cultural sites are protected in Queensland, there's a $750,000 fine for destroying them knowingly. I know of cases where companies were happy to pay the fine and continue with their mining efforts.
— Michael Strong, archaeology consultant [72]
The following video was recorded during a supposed 'native title' meeting between representatives of mining company Fortescue Metals Group (FMG) and members of the Yindjibarndi Aboriginal people about the company's Solomon Hub project.
The video is an example of the above mentioned bullying of traditional owners into a land use 'agreement'. Pay attention to the audience and how much they might understand of what is being said.
Watch part two of the video.
Threat: Cremated remains
Believe it or not, but cremated remains are threatening to confuse carbon dating of archaeological sites and rock art.
People have started to deposit the cremated remains of their loved ones at popular sites, such as Uluru in Australia's Northern Territory. But these confuse archaeologists trying to carbon-date Aboriginal rock art.
"Only this year we've seen three different spots [at Uluru] in the last three months," says Mick Starkey, an Anangu man and ranger for Uluru National Park [73]. "It's going to whack all the dating out."
Threat: Pollution
Plastic waste has now reached all corners of the world, from the deepest depths of the oceans [74] to the most remote islands – and Australia is not spared. Some of its most remote beaches are is inundated with some of the highest densities of rubbish in the world. Rangers who clean beaches in that area are getting more and more overwhelmed as the amount of rubbish is growing year by year.
The Dhimurru rangers, based in Nhulunbuy, eastern Arnhem Land, on the north-east corner of the Gulf, collected 2.5 tonnes of rubbish in 2018, among it 32 kg of plastic bags, 190 kg of plastic bottles and another 108 kg of bottle tops and a staggering 774 kg of fragmented plastic pieces. [75] Plastic accounts for almost three quarters of marine debris the Dhimurru rangers removed in 2017/18. [76]
Rangers across northern Australia have found that more than 95% of the plastic bottles washing ashore are not Australian but likely from the heavy fishing and shipping traffic operating in the Arafura Sea. [75]
On Groote Eylandt, the Anindilyakwa Rangers manage some of the highest densities of ghost nets in the region, alongside some of the largest turtle populations. On the other side of the Gulf, the Nanum Wungthim rangers find so many injured turtles in netting that they set up a triage centre on the beach during peak nesting season. [75]
Litter is becoming an increasing problem not only for Aboriginal land. An average of 75 items of litter can now be found on any square 1,000 metres in New South Wales. [77]
Cigarettes make up the majority (46 per cent), followed by paper (16%) and plastic items (6%). Car parks are among the worst places for litter.
Threat: Introduced species
Introduced animals and plants that spread over Australia are another threat to Aboriginal land. Once weeds take over the native flora is pushed back and eventually vanishes. Feral horses, called brumbies, compact earth when their hooves hit the ground which can destroy wetlands, which is bad for insect and other biodiversity, but is catastrophic if those wetlands are the source of a river. [78]
Feral cats are considered to have been a "leading threat" for 22 of Australia's 34 extinct mammal species. [79]
The Noxious Weeds List listed 478 weeds in June 2010. [80] About 65% of the weed problems in Australia come from gardens or parks. [81] Since invasion more than 85 animals have been introduced to Australia.
This impacts the traditional ways Aboriginal people live and damages their culture.
If these weeds come to our country we are afraid we will lose our way of life, culture and health of our people.
— Yirrkala rangers, Northern Territory [82]
Extinction of species: "A crisis like no other"
For millennia Aboriginal people have looked after their land. While some their practices were invasive (think fire farming) they were acutely aware to maintain the delicate balance of life. Then came the invaders.
Australia has lost between 29 and 34 mammal species since invasion. [79][83] North America, over a comparable period, just two. [83] Even the healthiest koala colonies are at risk as critical habitat is destroyed, and less than 1% of identified koala habitat is protected in New South Wales. [84]
"There were diaries of our early settlers, who when going through this bushland, had to dismount from their horses because there were so many animals around," says NSW Energy and Environment Minister Matt Kean. "We are facing a crisis in Australia like no other." And he's not the only one claiming that. "There's an extinction crisis going on," agrees a department insider. [83]
Recent extinction rates in Australia are unparalleled.
— John Woinarski, conservation researcher [79]
Australia has the highest mammal extinction rate in the world. Since the arrival of the Europeans, 34 mammal species have become extinct in Australia. All of them existed nowhere else on earth. More than 100 mammal species in Australia are listed as either "near threatened" or "critical" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. [79]
Legislation offers little protection. Since the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act passed in 1999, the list of threatened species and ecosystems has grown by more than a third – from 1,483 to 1,974. Each threatened species continues to decline by 1% every year. [85]
View article sources (85)
[1] [1a] 'National heritage standard is urged', Koori Mail 467 p.14
[2] [2a] [2b] 'TSI centres hit by king tides', Koori Mail 497 p.16
[3] [3a] 'Left high and dry', Koori Mail 516 p.15
[4] 'Climate change a threat to Indigenous people: Calma', NIT 14/5/2009 p.6
[5] [5a] 'Torres Strait warning of grave threat', Koori Mail 506 p.9
[6] 'Climate change castaways consider move to Australia', SMH 7/1/2012 p.5
[7] [7a] 'An agent of change', Koori Mail 471 p.21
[8] 'Report outlines flooding threats', Koori Mail 476 p.34
[9] 'Firefighters save station', Koori Mail 445 p.7
[10] [10a] 'Too hot for humans? First Nations people fear becoming Australia's first climate refugees', The Guardian 18/12/2019
[11] 'Climate statistics for Australian locations: Monthly climate statistics - graph: ALICE SPRINGS AIRPORT, Mean number of days >= 40 °C', Australian Bureau of Meteorology
[12] 'Uluru climb to remain', Koori Mail 465 p.4
[13] 'Rock around the clock at revamped Uluru', SMH 12/1/2013
[14] 'Outback with a vengeance', Sun-Herald 12/5/2013
[15] [15a] [15b] [15c] 'Uluru climbs to continue: Garett', SMH 9/1/2010
[16] 'Between a rock and a sacred place', Reconciliation News 12/2009 p.6
[17] 'Tourists using Uluru as toilet may have killed off shrimp', SMH 30/9/2009
[18] 'Hands off Uluru', Koori Mail 468 p.23
[19] 'Grampians ban follows claims of rock art damage in 'mecca for climbers'', SMH 27/4/2019
[20] [20a] 'Tas report concern', Koori Mail 512 p.18
[21] [21a] 'Protest arrests', Koori Mail 466 p.8
[22] 'Heritage Act', Environment South Australia newsletter Nov/Dec 1994 p.11
[23] 'Aboriginal heritage: between a rock and a hard place', The Tracker 1/5/2013
[24] [24a] 'Turtle nests found at WA gas hub site', Koori Mail 523 p.4
[25] For example in 2013 during excavation work at the world heritage-listed Cascades Female Factory Historic Site in Tasmania.
[26] ''Most sacred tree' felled for highway', Koori Mail 467 p.13
[27] 'Battle to save special trees complicated by poll timing', SMH 21/4/2019
[28] ''System of oppression': Djab Wurrung protector released', SBS News 27/5/2019
[29] [29a] 'Tas work restarted', Koori Mail 469 p.13
[30] 'Tasmanians stand firm on planned roadworks', Koori Mail 475 p.12
[31] 'The battle starts', Koori Mail 499 p.7
[32] 'Site listing 'welcome, but too late'', Koori Mail 517 p.11
[33] 'A Matter of Consequence', Koori Mail 416 p.25
[34] 'Approval sparks Moree tensions', Koori Mail 478 p.11
[35] 'Tas stand-off over - for now', Koori Mail 468 p.8
[36] 'Bypass battle line', Koori Mail 487 p.8
[37] 'New standalone laws to water down culture and heritage protection', The Tracker 8/11/2013
[38] 'Xstrata cops fine', Koori Mail 480 p/11
[39] 'Historic cultural heritage finding', Koori Mail 397 p.30
[40] [40a] [40b] [40c] [40d] 'Juukan was not alone: The true extent of WA sites sacrificed for the sake of the almighty dollar', SMH 9/6/2020
[41] 'Owner wants uranium-rich land to be added to Kakadu', SMH 29/5/2010
[42] [42a] 'Rio Tinto blasts 46,000-year-old Aboriginal site to expand iron ore mine', The Guardian 26/5/2020
[43] 'Nuclear activist wins ACF award', Koori Mail 403 p.11
[44] [44a] 'Priorities listed in economic strategy', Koori Mail 513 p.5
[45] 'Mining company accused of deliberately desecrating an Aboriginal sacred site', Treaty Republic, 9/4/2012, www.treatyrepublic.net/content/desecration-sacred-sites-ongoing-catastrophe, retrieved 25/4/2012
[46] 'Owners split on mining decision', Koori Mail 508 p.40
[47] [47a] [47b] 'Aboriginal heritage: Gomeroi elders attack 'useless' law after Shenhua mine setback', The Guardian 26/7/2020
[48] [48a] 'Mines or ours? Clock is ticking on Kimberley heritage', SMH 4/6/2011
[49] 'Outrage after land council allegedly locks elders out of meetings', www.welcometocountry.org/land-council-locks-elders-out-meetings/, 14/12/2017, retrieved 26/12/2017
[50] 'Rio Tinto just blasted away an ancient Aboriginal site. Here's why that was allowed', The Conversation 27/5/2020
[51] 'Kakadu's Ranger at crossroads as market weighs end of ERA', The Age 29/11/2014
[52] 'Mundine joins the uranium 'dialogue'', Koori Mail 445 p.8
[53] [53a] 'First Uranium mine in WA may mean 40 uranium mines by 2030', The Stringer, 3/4/2013, thestringer.com.au/first-uranium-mine-in-wa-may-mean-40-uranium-mines-by-2030, retrieved 5/4/2013
[54] [54a] 'Kakadu haunted by toxic sludge', SMH 7/12/2013
[55] 'Uranium Fails Catastrophically', www.robinchapple.com/uranium-fails-catastrophically, retrieved 19/12/2013
[56] 'Gathering to call for uranium inquiry', Koori Mail 509 p.45
[57] Mark Germine, MD, personal email 7/9/2017
[58] 'Strong in her culture', Koori Mail 513 p.21
[59] 'Taking a moral stand', Sun-Herald, 12/8/2012
[60] 'Wind change', Koori Mail 505 p.23
[61] Sydney Morning Herald, 15/7/1963
[62] 'After the boom, the main game', SMH News Review, 25/8/2012
[63] 'Former Japanese PM who rode out Fukushima crisis campaigns against Australian uranium', SMH 30/8/2014
[64] 'Gas threat', Koori Mail 484 p.1
[65] 'Angry response to WA gas threat', Koori Mail 484 p.5
[66] 'Zinc mine half a century in the making', SMH Weekend Business, p.12
[67] [67a] 'NSW Government Formally Withdraws Land Rights Bill', New Matilda 5/11/2014
[68] 'Ancient Roman mosaic floor discovered under vines in Italy', The Guardian 27/5/2020
[69] [69a] [69b] 'Cultural heritage ignored, says PhD researcher', Koori Mail 498 p.35
[70] 'SA court ruling against drillers', Koori Mail 518 p.12
[71] [71a] [71b] 'Radioactive threat looms in Kakadu', SMH 16/4/2011
[72] 'Fears over sacred site', Koori Mail 498 p.29
[73] 'High hopes for Uluru platform', Koori Mail 462 p.8
[74] 'Man makes deepest-ever dive in Mariana Trench and discovers ... litter', The Guardian 14/5/2019
[75] [75a] [75b] ''Monstrous': Indigenous rangers' struggle against the plastic ruining Arnhem Land beaches', The Guardian 15/5/2019
[76] Dhimurru Aboriginal Corporation, Annual Report 2017/18 p.23
[77] 'Forced to swim between the fags', Sun Herald 3/10/2010
[78] 'Galloping off a cliff', SMH 10/3/2019
[79] [79a] [79b] [79c] 'Bullets, baits, killer robots: feral felines in the firing line', SMH 11/5/2019
[80] www.weeds.org.au, visited 27/06/2010
[81] 'New immigrant arrives to reverse a curse', Sun Herald 11/10/2009
[82] 'Rangers target weeds', Koori Mail 475 p.29
[83] [83a] [83b] 'Radical plan to halt mammal extinctions in NSW', SMH 24/8/2019
[84] 'NSW's koalas 'in crisis' as threats rise on many fronts, inquiry told', SMH 16/8/2019
[85] ''Really depressing': National environment laws failing to deliver', SMH 14/6/2020
Korff, J 2020, 10 major threats to Aboriginal land, <https://creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/land/threats-to-aboriginal-land>, retrieved 19 January 2021
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A manager is a planner and a strategist. The modern world presents an uncertain and fast-changing environment where constant planning and strategy must take place in order to stay on top. Various types of strategic planning in business can be a applied to any industry.
Gareth R. Jones and Jennifer M. George's book "Contemporary Management" describes three main steps in planning--determining the organization's mission, formulating a strategy and implementing that strategy. Jones and George define planning as "identifying and selecting appropriate goals and courses of action." Strategy is "a cluster of decisions about what goals to pursue, what actions to take and how to use resources to achieve goals." Planning occurs in all levels of the organization: corporate, business and functional. Another aspect of a plan is setting the "intended duration of a plan." Scenario planning considers "multiple forecasts of future conditions followed by an analysis of how to respond effectively to each of those conditions." During planning, top-level managers communicate the organization's vision to lower levels of the organization's hierarchy.
SWOT analysis is a common type of strategic planning method in business. A SWOT analysis is acronym used to identify an organization's internal strength (S) and weaknesses (W) and external environmental opportunities (O) and threats (T). SWOT analysis can be applied to corporate, business and functional levels of an organization. When conducting a SWOT analysis, create a list under each of the four points.
Jones and George say the five-forces model helps managers focus on the five most important competitive forces or potential threats in the external environment. Created by Michael Porter, professor at the Harvard Business School, the five forces can be used as an extension of the SWOT analysis. The five factors are level of rivalry within your industry, potential for your entry into the industry, power and impact of large suppliers, power of large customers and threat of substitute services or products.
Porter also developed a theory of how managers can choose a business-level strategy. George and Jones describe this as "a plan to gain a competitive advantage in a particular market or industry." Successful business-level strategy "reduces rivalry, prevents new competitors from entering the industry, reduces the power of suppliers or buyers, and lowers the threat of substitutes--and this raises prices and profits." Managers must choose to pursue one of four business-level strategies: low cost, differentation, focused low cost or focused differentation. Differentiation increases value to customer by distinguishing its product from other competitors through tweaking product design, quality, or customer service. By lowering costs in making the product, you can lower overall costs compared to its rivals, making it more competitive in the market. Low-cost strategy and differentation strategy aim to serve many or most segments of a certain market, while focused differentation and focused low cost serves only one or few segments of the overall market.
Corporate-level strategies can help organizations stay on top of the industry. There are four aspects--concentration on a single industry, vertical integration, diversification, and international expansion. By concentrating on a single industry, the organization is reinvesting a company's profits in order to strengthen the position within an industry. Vertical integration can expand business operations backward or forward in the industry. An example of backward vertical integration occurs when a business takes over in creating raw materials, rather than purchasing it from a supplier. An example forward vertical integration is when a product developer goes from purely developing products to opening a chain of stores to distribute the product. Diversification means when a business expands their reach by producing new kinds of goods or services within an industry. International expansion means marketing products by reaching out to different national markets.


Aboriginal artist Kitty Kantilla is from Yimpinari country on Melville Island. During the 1970's she moved to Bathurst Island, the smaller of the two Tiwi Islands to live in her mother's country. It was here that she began working as an artist, initially as a carver.
Around 1985 Kitty Kantilla moved back to live in Milikapiti, a settlement on Melville Island, where she began to produce her more contemporary work. She is acknowledged as one of the leading Tiwi artists in Australia.
She is best known for her distinctive use of ochres on paper, canvas, bark and ironwood. Drawing on her Dreaming stories for inspiration, Kantilla produces both paintings and sculpture. Her Paintings and limited edition prints are based on traditional designs, including those used during the Pukamani ceremony, the traditional Tiwi burial ceremony which is one of the cornerstones of the Tiwi's traditional and spiritual beliefs. A wide variety of geometric designs are painted on the burial poles and body of participants during the ceremony and this is what Kitty draws upon in her work. Every line, dot or marking has an important meaning. She translates traditional into new and abstract designs. Her work is both subtle and strong, with intricate lines of dots, bold areas of solid ochre and sections of delicate line work. In her printmaking her works are a true representation of the marks of an artist.
She has shown in many group exhibitions throughout Australia since 1989 and in several individual shows in Sydney since 1993.
Wollongong City Art Gallery, Wollongong.
Wollongong City Art Gallery, Wollongong NSW.
Musee des Arts, Afrique d'Oceanie, Paris.
Edith Cowan University Collection, WA.
Millenium Portfolio of Aboriginal artists.
1993 Aboriginal and South Pacific Gallery, Surry Hills, Sydney.
1995 Aboriginal & South Pacific Gallery, Surry Hills, Sydney.
1989 Tiwi Aboriginal Woodcarvings, Meat Market Craft Centre, North Melbourne, Victoria. 1992 Ngingingawula Jilamara Kapi Purunguparri (Our Designs on Bark), National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.
1993 Nginingawula Tiwi Jilamara, All our Tiwi designs, Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Darwin, NT.
1993 The Body Tiwi Aboriginal Art from Melville and Bathurst Islands, The University Gallery, University of Tasmania at Launceston.
1993 The Tenth National Aboriginal Art Award Exhibition, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin.
1994 Creators and Inventors, Australian Women's Art in the National Gallery of Victoria, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.
1994/5 Art of the Tiwi from the Collection of the National Gallery of Victoria, a National Gallery of Victoria Travelling Exhibition, touring Shepparton Art Gallery, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Ballarat Fine Art Gallery, Tandanya, Adelaide.
1995 The Best Face Value for Autumn, Wollongong City Art Gallery, Wollongong, New South Wales.
1994 Power of the Land: Masterpieces of Aboriginal Art National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.
1995 Jilamara api Yurruka Manipurrua (Designs on Long canvas and Pukamani poles) Alcaston Gallery Melbourne.
1995 12th NATSI Art Award Museum & Art Gallery of NT, Darwin.
1996 Dots: National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.
1996 Abstraction: Signs, Marks ,Symbols, National Gallery of Vic.
1996 Touring exhibition of work From NATSI Art Award 1995.
1996 National Aboriginal Heritage award, Parliament House Canberra.
1996 Etchings and lino blocks from Melville Island, Australian Art Print Workshop Victoria. 1996 Masterpieces from Milikapiti Savode Gallery, Brisbane.
1996 Tiwi People from Melville Island, Anima Gallery Adelaide.
1997 Keeper of the Mimi Spirit, The October Gallery, London.
1997 Small Designs -Jewellery and Paintings, Savode Gallery Brisbane.
1997 'Old Patterns' Framed Gallery Darwin NT.
1997 14th NATSI Art Award Museum & Art Gallery of NT, Darwin.
1997 Dreamings Spazio Pitti Arte Florence Italy.
1997 Contemporary Australian Aboriginal Art, Songlines Aboriginal Art Gallery Amsterdam, San Francisco.
1998 15th NATSI Art Award Museum & Art Gallery of NT, Darwin.
1998 Proof Positive A selection of prints from the Archive of Australian Art Paint Workshop, Carnegie Gallery, Hobart City Council.
1998 Kitty Kantilla solo, Aboriginal & Pacific Arts, Sydney.
1998/1999 International Art fair Exhibition Buildings, Melbourne.
1998 Group Exhibition, Alcaston Gallery, Canberra.
1998 'Parlini Jilamara Kapi Urruka Tarpurrlini Amintiya' (Old Designs on Long Canvas and Paper) Mossenson Gallery Subiaco WA.
1998 The Old and the New, Gallery Gondawana Alice Springs.
1998 Gli Aborigeni Australiani Una Storia Forty Thousand Ani. Castello Sforenco, Milandeao Sale Viscontee, Italy.
1999 The Work of the Tiwi, Framed Gallery Darwin.
1999 About Art All, Alcaston Gallery Melbourne.
1999 Group Exhibition, Chapman Gallery, Canberra.
1999 Tiwi on wood, Alcaston gallery Melbourne.
1999 Kitty Kantilla solo, Aboriginal & Pacific Arts, Sydney.
1999 Love Magic, SH Erwin Gallery Sydney.
1999 Arukulunga Wunitak thelma -Cyclone Thelma Australia Print Workshop.
1999 Great Icons of Aboriginal Art National Gallery of Victoria.
2000 Beyond the Pale Adelaide Biennale of Australian Art. Art Gallery of SA, Adelaide.
2000 The National Gallery of Victoria Collection, Venice.
2000 Kitty Kandtilla: New Works on Paper and Canvas, Aboriginal and Pacific Arts, Sydney.
Bennett, J., 1992, 'Ngingingawala Jilamara kapi purunguparri (Our Bark Paintings),' Gallery Monthly Magazine of the National Gallery Society of Victoria, September.
Womens' Work: Aboriginal Women's Artefacts in the Museum of Victoria exhibition catalogue, Melbourne Museum of Victoria 1995.
Contemporary Australian Aboriginal Paintings. Songlines Aboriginal Art Gallery Amsterdam – San Francisco exhibition catalogue 1997.
Beyond the Pale: Contemporary Indigenous Art. Art Gallery of SA Catalogue 2000 Australian Art Collector.


Since 1979' revolution of Iran, the bilateral ties between Iran and US have been suffering from a long standing rivalry. US being the super power has always sought ways to attack the sovereignty and independence of Iranian government. Every now and then, the US administration has invested its energy in the process to victimize Iran sometimes by US' political hegemony while, other times by its economic supremacy. Hawkish policies of US against Iran have always made Iran to pay a heavy price for pursuing an independent foreign policy. Moreover, US' inimically prejudicial posture towards Iran had cost and is still costing Iran by stripping the developmental opportunities away from it.
In this gloomy scenario, the Iran Nuclear Deal commonly known as JCPOA 2015 appeared as a beacon of hope to soothe the wounds incurred by Iran from the brutal approach of US.US, under the Obama administration, along with other permanent members of UN Security Council and Germany signed this nuclear deal with Iran in 2015. The sole purpose of this deal was to further the realization of nuclear non-proliferation and to stop the nuclearisation of the South Asian region. However, it suffered a critical set back from the unilateral decision of Mr. Donald Trump -the president of US- to pull his country out of this agreement and to re-impose sanctions on Iran. US in its anti-Iran approach has gone an extra mile and demanded from the signatories of the nuclear deal to with draw the agreement. Additionally, US has imposed few sanctions on Iran in August. Not only this, but it has also threatened other states if they maintained economic ties with Iran after the imposition of second round of sanctions in the start of November.
US'invitation for talks immediately after the imposition of sanctions is nothing but a farce which only adds insult to the injuries of Iran.
In Response, Iran has strongly condemned this hegemonic unilateralism of US. In the recent 73rd session of UNGA, the president of Islamic Republic of Iran Hassan Rouhani has logically and rationally censured the hostile and extremist policies of US towards Iran. He mentioned the hostile efforts of US to make JCPOA an inefficient deal. He also cited the reports of IAEA regarding the nuclear activity of Iran and said that as per the 12 consecutive reports of IAEA, Iran is in compliance with the terms and conditions of the multilateral nuclear agreement. Mr. Rouhani further stated that US unilateral approach is in stark contrast to the international laws and norms. As being a member of UNSC, US is obliged to respect the multilateral deal, to stick by the resolution of UNSC and it shall refrain from threatening the international peace by going against the decision of UNSC.
US withdrawal from JCPOA, re-sanctioning Iran and threats to other states doing business with Iran is a practical manifestation of its politico-economic terrorism against a sovereign state.
The speech of the Iranian president in UNGA clearly illustrates the peaceful approach adopted and pursued by Iran even in this hostile scenario. It has unveiled Iran's longing for peace in response to US' desire for confrontation. Few geo-strategists opine that US is actually paranoid of Iran and this paranoia leads to the mutual trust deficit between two countries. Moreover, the Saudi-Israel factor is the fundamental cause of this adversarial Iran-US relation. They are also skeptical about the contradictory role -pertaining to nuclearisation issue- US has been playing differently with different states. On one hand US supports and enters into a nuclear deal with a state non-signatory of NPT (Non Proliferation Treaty) while on the other hand, it imposes sanctions on the state working in compliance with the international treaties. Thus, the Indian Nuclear deal is sufficient enough to expose US' dubious role and mala fide intentions.
It is now the supreme responsibility of the international institutions to check US' bellicosity against Iran or else the entire international order would be compromised.
So, US withdrawal from JCPOA, re-sanctioning Iran and threats to other states doing business with Iran is a practical manifestation of its politico-economic terrorism against a sovereign state. This is not the first episode of US waging economic war against the smaller rival powers. Furthermore, US has never respected any international treaty be it JCPOA15 or COP21. This unilateral attitude of US administration questions the potential of the international institutions. It even makes the world doubt the efficiency and intent of international institutions to check a state's belligerence against another state. Consequently, US propagated anti-institutionalism is the biggest threat to internationalism and globalization which nurtures nationalistic ideologies.
It's the time US should be reminded that this type of belligerence is intolerable, be the victim is Iran or any other state. Stripping of a state's right to development, prosperity and growth is nothing but terrorism. The contemporary global predicament suggests US to shun this terrorist mindset for the sake of international peace. It is now the supreme responsibility of the international institutions to check US' bellicosity against Iran or else the entire international order would be compromised.


text:
RSX-798
RSX-798 and Camenati
Camenati, LogicSmash and Declan Simons
Initial (formerly Initial Film & Television) was a British film and television production company that was founded in 1986 to produce film and television content, primarily music. It was sold to Broadcast Communications (later Endemol UK) in 1992.
1st Logo (December 11, 1987-1997) 2nd Logo (1997-2001) 3rd Logo (2001-2016) 4th Logo (2016- )
1st Logo (December 11, 1987-1997)
https://avid.miraheze.org/wiki/File:Initial_and_Granada_logos_(1990)_(From_-_original_airing_of_Saturday_Night_at_the_Movies).mp4
Logo: On a black background, we see a orange filmstrip moving, with the movie countdown inside, and two blue filmstrip lines are shown, swirling toward the screen. More filmstrips swirl, and then a blue movie camera slides toward the screen, and then we see a orange girl looking up at the camera, and more filmstrips swirl toward the screen as the body appears, while the filmstrip disappears as the arched word "INITIAL" fades in below the logo. Extra credit info fades in below the logo.
Byline: Starting in 1993, a byline "A Broadcast Communications Company" fades in below the logo.
Sometimes, the logo is still.
On Seaforth, a print version is used.
On a 1987 broadcast of Terence Trent D'arby, the logo is shown next to the Zenith logo. Also, the film camera is replaced by the word "INITIAL" in a straight alignment and the shades of blue are a pure color.
On The Times World Chess Championships, the logo is shown inside a circle.
Music/Sounds: A guitar country-like riff, with some film projector-type sounds. Sometimes, the logo is silent or has the end theme of the show play over.
Music/Sounds Variant: On Out of my Head with Rik Mayall, Mayall voices over the logo, reading "The stuff they put on the bottom of hamster cages. Some stuff they put on the bottom of hamsters: belly fluff, soil, breakfast cereal, nail clippings, icing sugar, cream powder"
Availability: Extremely rare. It was first seen on Wired, then seen on Saturday Night at the Movies, Grim Tales, Underbelly, The White Room and No Sweat, as well as concert shows and documentaries from the period. A lot of their programmes from this period had not been reran since their original run or saw no home media release. Some programmes such as Grim Tales did have this logo intact on its Australian Volume 2 VHS tape. The animated variant can be seen on the Bob Marley documentary Time Will Tell, Full Circle, and Saturday Night at the Movies (the latter two contain the logo's theme).
2nd Logo (1997-2001)
https://avid.miraheze.org/wiki/File:Initial_logo_(1998)_(From_-_original_Channel_5_airing_of_Miss_World_1998).mp4
https://avid.miraheze.org/wiki/File:Initial_logo_(1999)_(From_-_October_14,_1999_Channel_5_airing_of_Pepsi_Chart_Show).mp4
https://avid.miraheze.org/wiki/File:Initial_logo_(2001)_(From_-_September_17,_2001_Channel_5_airing_of_Dr_Fox%27s_Chart_Update).mp4
Logo: On a black background, we see a fire that writes the words "initial" in a script font that flashes in gold. Then the text turns to white, as credit info fades in below.
Bylines:
1997-1998: "A Broadcast Communications Company"
1998-2000: "Part of GMG Endemol Entertainment (plc)"
2000-2001: "Part of Endemol Entertainment UK"
On Fab Lab, In the House with Cleopatra and Miami 7, the letter "l" of the "Initial" script is shorter and there is a shoe mark on the bottom right reading "Kids" on it also there is no byline in present on the former.
Technique: Live action.
Music/Sounds: A sound of a fire, followed by a whoosh, and then a hip-hop theme. Sometimes the logo was silent or having the end theme of the show play over.
Music/Sounds Variant: Before The Pepsi Chart begins, the audio for the logo plays as normal but with the hip-hop theme replaced with the opening tail of said programme's intro.
Availability: Ultra rare, if not extinct. It mainly appeared on live and reality programming, appearing on Dr. Fox's Chart Update, The Pepsi Chart, Bar Wars, Shafted and Number One. Those programmes are hard to find, as they were not rerun after their original broadcasts.
3rd Logo (2001-2016)
Logo: It's just the standard Endemol logo from the period, but with the text reading "initial" and the byline "an endemol company" appearing below.
Sometimes, the logo shares the screen with other logos.
Sometimes, the logo is in-credit.
A still version of this logo exists.
On programmes produced by its Scotland division, the text says "initial scotland".
Technique: Same as the Endemol logo.
Music/Sounds: Same as the Endemol logo, sometimes it uses the ending theme of the show.
Availability: Common. Seen on later episodes of The Pepsi Chart, as well as then-new shows such as Orange Playlist, Totally Frank, Total Wipeout, and later iterations of Big Brother, among others. It was also seen on Emu and Bel's Boys.
4th Logo (2016- )
Logo: On a black background, we see the gold word "iNiTiAL". Three pink dots hide from behind the text, and bounces from the first "i", and then bounces and land on the second "i" and then the third dot bounces and land on the final i. The company byline appears below.
2016-2021: "part of EndemolShineGroup" (in the same font as the Endemol Shine logo).
2021-: "We are Banijay", with the Banijay logo to the left of the Initial logo.
Just like the third logo, it shares the screen with other logos.
There is a version where it starts with the three dots zooms out and hides into the word "INITIAL", then the animation plays as normal.
Music/Sounds: Three bouncing sounds.
Availability: Current. It's seen on current and new programmes produced by Initial such as Tenable and The Royal World, among others, as well as Big Brother.
Retrieved from "https://avid.miraheze.org/w/index.php?title=Initial&oldid=469341"
British television logos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Linda Hunt
Tony Lo Bianco
Comedy > Romantic Comedy
Drama > Docudrama
Crime > Gangster Film
Crime > Crime Drama
Comedy > Screwball Comedy
Alibris UK stock
36 Matching Movie Titles for
Actor: Penelope Ann Miller
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featuring Robin Williams, Robert De Niro, Julie Kavner, Ruth Nelson, John Heard, Penelope Ann Miller
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The Messengers (2007)
directed by Danny Pang, Oxide Pang Chun
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directed by Allan Moyle
featuring Penelope Ann Miller, Eric Thal, Alfre Woodard, Julianne Moore, Andy Romano, Cathy Moriarty
Dead Bang (1989)
directed by John Frankenheimer
featuring Don Johnson, Penelope Ann Miller, William Forsythe, Bob Balaban, Frank Military
directed by Carmine Cangialosi, Giuliano Carmineo
featuring Tim Beringer, Keith David, Gina Gershon, Penelope Ann Miller, Jeff Fahey
Other People's Money (1991)
directed by Norman Jewison
featuring Danny DeVito, Gregory Peck, Penelope Ann Miller, Piper Laurie, Dean Jones
Rocky Marciano (1999)
directed by Charles Winkler
featuring Jon Favreau, Penelope Ann Miller, Judd Hirsch, George C. Scott, Tony Lo Bianco
Year of the Comet (1992)
directed by Peter Yates
featuring Penelope Ann Miller, Tim Daly, Louis Jourdan, Art Malik, Ian Richardson
Funny Money (2006)
directed by Leslie Greif
featuring Chevy Chase, Penelope Ann Miller, Armand Assante, Robert Loggia, Christopher McDonald
Blonde Ambition (2007)
directed by Scott Marshall
featuring Jessica Simpson, Penelope Ann Miller, Luke Wilson, Andy Dick, Rachael Leigh Cook
National Lampoon's Holiday Reunion (2004)
Along for the Ride (2000)
directed by John Kaye
featuring Melanie Griffith, Patrick Swayze, Penelope Ann Miller, Richard Schiff
Free Style (2009)
directed by William Dear
featuring Corbin Bleu, Penelope Ann Miller, Madison Pettis, Sandra Echeverria, Jesse Moss
The Last Don (1997)
directed by Graeme Clifford
featuring Danny Aiello, Joe Mantegna, Daryl Hannah, Jason Gedrick, Penelope Ann Miller
The Hired Heart (1997)
directed by Jeremy Kagan
featuring Penelope Ann Miller, Barry Corbin, Brett Cullen, Graham Greene, Allison Hossack
Page 1 of 2: 1 2 Next>
Tim Beringer


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The Ultimate foundation set up in 2016 has been passionately engaged in taking the game of golf to the grassroots and making it accessible for the underprivileged kids of the society. The foundation's flagship program "sprint to success" has been actively introducing the game to kids from NGO'S and Government schools in rural Gurugram, over 2000 kids have taken the privilege of the initiative so far. The foundation team screens the kids for aptitude and flair for the game based on parameters laid down by the foundation mentors and co-founders Jyoti Randhawa and Digvijay Singh. The promising kids are then mentored, trained and supported by the foundation at their facility in Gurugram, a few of them have started playing to a single handicap and compete in regional and national golf tournaments.
The onset of the Corona Pandemic and the subsequent lockdown was disastrous for these kids and their families, the Ultimate foundation took on the responsibility of providing rations to these kids and their families. As the word got around, the caddies and daily wage ground staff at a few golf courses in Gurugram and Faridabad reached out to the Ultimate Foundation asking for help, what started out as a small gesture to help out the programmed kids and families was now taking shape of a full-fledged welfare program.
The Ultimate foundation reached out to the community at large to come out in support of the caddies and daily wage ground staff, and initiated a fund for their welfare. The funds collected were then utilized to procure rations, masks, sanitizers and other items for daily hygiene. The foundation team then reached out to the management of various Golf courses in Gurugram, Manesar, Faridabad and Delhi and compiled a list of Caddies and Daily wage ground staff who needed help before commencing their distribution drive. The motivated team of the foundation along with a few enthusiastic volunteers passionately went around distributing rations, packed cooked food, masks & sanitizers and also took the time out to educate everyone on how to stay safe and stressed the importance of personal hygiene and social distancing. The Golden Greens Golf Club, Manesar Golf Club, Aravali Golf Club, Qutab Golf Club and a few other locations in Gurugram were covered in the distribution cum education drive. The foundation is currently distributing Tea and snacks 4 times a week to over 180 caddies and ground staff at the Qutab golf course, Delhi.
The Ultimate foundation along with the top golfing legends of the country has now initiated "The Ultimate Players Project" this is a welfare program for the tour dependent golf professionals. With no golf tournament since April 2020 and none in the horizon for the next few months, these touring golf professionals whose only source of income is the prize money they earn competing on the professional golf tour, are the only ones in the golf ecosystem with no source of Income. The aim of this program is to help those tour dependent professionals who come from an underprivileged background and have not earned enough prize money in the last year to sustain themselves and their families for the coming months. To achieve this, The Ultimate Foundation has planned "The Ultimate Pro Invitational Series" which is a series of zonal golf tournaments for which these professional golfers will be invited and given the opportunity to compete and earn prize money.
Tags: Golf, golf India, golf magazine, Golfing Indian, golfplus, Indias no 1 golf magazine, Ultimate
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La gare de Berlin Alexanderplatz   située dans le quartier Mitte est l'un des plus importants carrefours de Berlin, par lequel passent de nombreuses lignes de train et de S-Bahn, la gare est sur l'Alexanderplatz.

Situation ferroviaire

Histoire

La gare fut construite à partir de 1881 d'après les plans de Johann Eduard Jacobsthal lors de la construction de la Berliner Stadtbahn. Deux quais qui sont toujours là se trouvaient sous Rundbogenhalle Platz. Le 7 février 1882 la gare fut ouverte au trafic urbain et d'agglomération, le 15 mai à tous les trains. La S-bahn n'y entrait alors jamais. De 1923 à 1926 le hall fut aménagé sur ordre de la Reichsbahn d'après les plans Friedrich Hülsenkampf, pour y laisser entrer la lumière.

L'époque de la S-Bahn commença le 11 juin 1928 pour la gare Alexanderplatz. Auparavant y circulaient seulement des trains à vapeur, qui ne furent que lentement remplacés par les trains électriques. De 1929 jusqu'en 1932 on transforma la gare dans le cadre de la restauration de l'Alexanderplatz. Il était alors presque possible d'accéder directement aux trois lignes de U-Bahn, ce qui était aussi une nécessité pressante, l'accès longeait déjà depuis 1913 l'actuelle ligne 2.

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale la gare subit de sérieux dommages. D'avril jusqu'au 4 novembre 1945 les S-Bahn et lignes longue distance n'y passaient plus, puis de 1945 à 1951, on la reconstruisit. Mais dès 1962 la première réorganisation eut lieu. Jusqu'en 1964 les côtés longitudinaux du hall furent recouverts par de grandes surfaces vitrées selon les plans de Hans-Joachim May et Günter Andrich. En outre la S-bahn utilisait alors le quai attenant pour trains longue distance hors trafic depuis 1942, qui avait été rehaussé de quelque  à , ce qui rendait possible une maîtrise nettement plus flexible de la circulation. En raison de la cadence élevée jusqu'à  pour le Stadtbahn seuls quelques trains s'arrêtaient à ce quai.

Après la réunification on planifia un réaménagement de la gare et des voies de la Stadtbahn. Les architectes Robert Paul Niess et Rebecca Chestnut proposèrent des plans selon lesquels les voies murées du temps de la RDA seraient rouvertes et des magasins et commerces y seraient installés, ce qui commença en 1995. Les quais furent rénovés jusqu'en 1996, de telle sorte que le  une gare totalement remise à neuf fut ouverte au trafic. Depuis les trains régionaux et les express s'arrêtent au deuxième quai du milieu, et les intercity et ICE traversent. Au niveau inférieur ont emménagé beaucoup de commerces comme le service clientèle de la S-Bahn et une agence de la Deutsche Bahn.

Service des voyageurs

Accueil

Desserte

Intermodalité

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Transport ferroviaire en Allemagne

Lien externe
  La gare sur stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de

Zone A des transports en commun de Berlin-Brandebourg
Ligne 3 du S-Bahn de Berlin
Ligne 5 du S-Bahn de Berlin
Ligne 7 du S-Bahn de Berlin
Ligne 9 du S-Bahn de Berlin
Berlin
Alexanderplatz
Alexanderplatz
Alexanderplatz
Berlin-Alexanderplatz
Stadtbahn de Berlin

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For almost a decade, Gin Minsky has been known as NYC's premiere tap and burlesque performer, event producer (Jazz Age Lawn Party on Governors Island, Champagne Riot, Webster Hall's East Ville des Folies,) and go-to gal for all things Jazz Age. Classically trained in jazz, ballet, pointe, tap and modern, her performances include a varied spectrum of performative dance acts and are suitable for a wide range of venues from cabaret clubs to upscale concert halls.
Gin Minsky first hit the stage with taps on her feet at the tender age of five and has continued to dazzle and delight audiences across America. By blending skill, creativity, technique and charm, she has become known as one of the top tap and burlesque performers performing at notable venues including the Philadelphia Museum of Art, P.S. 122, Joe's Pub, Iridium Jazz Club, McKittrick Hotel, Copacabana, The Darby, Highline Ballroom and Webster Hall. A regular at NYC's Jazz Age Lawn Party and Dances of Vice, Gin has also been a featured performer at the NYC Food & Wine Festival, The Salon and the 2015 Burlesque Hall of Fame Weekend in Las Vegas. Accomplished as a solo performer, Gin can also be found partnering with dance legend Roddy Caravella, the Champagne Riot's Dandy Wellington, and as one half of the Minsky Sisters with Kristen Minsky.
Tapped into all things jazz, Gin has produced numerous Jazz Age inspired events and has been one of the main organizers of the Jazz Age Lawn Party on Governors Island for seven years. Gin is also the creator of the Champagne Riot – a vintage celebration that serves up an intoxicating cocktail of Hot Jazz, Scintillating Burlesque and Vaudvillian Frivolity – as well as talent producer for Webster Hall's annual East Ville des Folies. Working on all aspects of event production, Gin can make sure your next event is buttoned up with tails out from pre-production to performance!
Gin Minsky is a prolific performer with over 30 acts, which incorporate 1920s-era jazz dancing, tap dancing and her notorious "tap and strip." Have an idea for your event? Gin can tailor an act to fit your ideas. Below are just a small sample of some of her acts.
A high energy tap-and-strip, with costume reveals paying tribute to the tappers of the Silver Screen: the classic top hat and tails of Fred Astaire, the cuffs and high-waisted shorts of Eleanor Powell, and the fabulously fringed high-cut leotard of Ann Miller.
Just wait until you see this costume reveal! The act begins with high energy tapping-flapper realness, then like magic, the short dress transforms into a glittering floor-length royal blue ball gown, and that's when things start to smolder on stage. From Clara Bow to Ginger Rogers. You'll have to see it to believe it.
After waiting around for a train that is taking too long to arrive, Gin becomes impatient and kicks over her suitcase. Soon, she realizes she can pass the time by tapping on top of the case, eventually getting swept up in the moment and tearing off her travel clothes to reveal gorgeous blue deco costume straight out of the Ziegfeld Follies. That's what everyone wears when traveling, no?
An ode to the dancing ladies of Old Hollywood. The act begins with a twirling Ginger Rogers-esque ball gown and ends with the tap dancing frenzy in the iconic dress of Cyd Charisse – a true 1920s delight. This act is sure to get audiences on their feet every time!
A tribute act to the late Diane Naegel. A high energy tap dance to the New Orleans funeral march "When the Saints Go Marching In." A spectacular celebration of life!
An ode to one of Tex Avery's most infamous illustrated ladies, complete with the Big Bad Wolf.
A slow and sultry 1930s glove and gown peel that finishes with an explosive tap and drum solo.
And now for something a little different! A dark act for Halloween or any other spooky occasion. After being dragged out on stage blindfolded, Gin goes into convulsions revealing white eyes and possession.
Gin also works alongside several performers to create engaging and exciting partner acts. Acts range in styles from tap dance, jazz dance, swing dance and burlesque and are suited for all occasions.
A video interview "sisters from another mister" at the 9th annual Jazz Age Lawn Party.
All website images courtesy of Jane Kratochvil, Adrian Buckmaster and Carla Ten Eyck.


text:
Bréguet – Sabin är en tunnelbanestation i Paris metro för linje 5. Stationen öppnades 1906 och är belägen under Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, nära Rue Bréguet och Rue Saint-Sabin.

En scen i filmen Frantic från 1988, regisserad av Roman Polański och med Harrison Ford i huvudrollen, spelades in på denna station.

Bilder

Källor

Noter

Externa länkar

Järnvägsstationer invigda 1906
Paris tunnelbanestationer
1906 i Frankrike


Our team's oil and gas experience dates back to 1985 and Jaguar Land's inception dates back to 2000.
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OnviSource enables companies to cost-effectively optimize, automate and unify their customer interactions, business transactions and processes for their contact centers, back offices and IT organizations through software products, cloud services or outsourcing solutions. Founded in 2004, the company has a well-established customer base with over 1,100 installations in a wide range of industries, has experienced consistent growth and profitability, and is recognized by industry analysts as a major contender and pioneer in the enterprise and contact center workforce optimization, automation, unification, and customer experience management industry.
The WFMSG team spent nearly a decade consulting exclusively within the workforce management industry prior to designing and delivering our own solution. This breadth of expertise, across all product lines, has enabled our team to develop a solution that addresses the rigorous demands of enterprise workforce managers, while eclipsing the inherent challenges associated with dated legacy technologies. Lower in cost, technology friendly, easy to use and rapidly deployed have made WFMSG one of the fastest growing WFM providers in the industry. Learn more at www.wfmsg.com.


text:
Q: "Kernel requires x86-64 CPU, but only detects i686" in an Intel Intel Core i7-2600k? I have a VM installed in my windows 7 PC, and I want to install an Ubuntu 13.04 on it, as a new virtual disk.
I have this machine:

Intel Core i7-2600k CPU @ 3.40Ghz - 8 GB RAM - 64 bit operating system

I get this message:

Kernel requires x86-64 CPU, but only detects i686

Why is this? I think I´m missing something really silly here...

A: Check to see if your VM's cpu has any additional features enabled like VT (virtualization technology), as well as if the machine is running in BIOS or EFI mode (In virtualbox these are all listed in under CPU, however in VMware player only some are listed the rest can only be configured by editing the vm config file manually in notepad. The best option is to have all such things turned OFF unless you really need them, which is the default setting of most VM softwares.
Check to make sure you choose the correct VM type, for example in VMware Player you would choose Ubuntu 64 rather than Ubuntu when deciding what type of VM profile to use.
If the issues persist, try uninstalling the VM software and re-installing (or if possible updating to a new release).
Last but not least check you HOST bios or uefi, MANY VM PROGRAMS REQUIRE VT or VT-x etc to be enabled on the host to run 64bit vms.

A: I know it may sound stupid but I was having the same issue with Virtual Box.
If you do not select the Ubuntu x64 for the operating system drop-down (ie you might have selected just Ubuntu, there should be two options for the Ubuntu distribution). The system auto boots to a virtual i686 instead of the required X86-64.

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Once Upon a Time Season 4 Episode 16
Poor Unfortunate Soul
Watch Once Upon a Time Season 4 Episode 16 Online
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In the past, Ursula's mother was killed by a pirate so her father, Poseidon deemed that Ursula could only use her singing voice bring human's to their doom. Hook offers her safe passage to the land her mother loved but Poseidon threatens Hook and has him help take away her voice.
When Poseidon comes after Hook, he becomes angry and uses the magic seashell to steal Ursula's voice to get back at him. To get back at her father, she turns into the sea witch.
Regina gets word to the Charmings that Hook is back. Belle realizes that she actually gave the dagger to the Dark One. Hook tells Ursula he'll give her back her happy ending if she tells him Gold's plan. He needs the Jolly Roger back but it's still in the Fairy Tale world. She gets it back but it's now a miniature ship in a bottle. Will Scarlett helps Hook find the proper magic to bring it back to normal size in the harbor.
Hook tries to give Ursula her singing voice back but the magic won't work because it's her father's magic and he isn't there. When she refuses to tell Hook of Gold's plan he pulls a gun on her but she easily takes it with her tentacles and tosses him overboard where Ariel saves him.
Gold uses fairy magic to make August's nose grow every time he lies. He tells them that the author was trapped behind a door by the Sorcerer and that Regina found the picture of it. She says she gave it to Henry. Gold takes her to the Sorcerer's mansion to search for the door but it isn't there.
Emma, Charming and Mary Margaret try to rescue August but Ursula stops them. Then Hook with Ariel's help brings Poseidon back and helps restore her voice. Poseidon and Ursula leave Storybrooe as she seemingly has gotten her happy ending.
Before leaving, Ursula tells Hook that the author can't give everyone their happy endings because he was responsible for the happy endings in the fairy tale world, not Storybrooke. That's the Savior's doing. Hook plans to turn Emma's heart to darkness in order to ruin the heroes' happy endings.
August later tells Regina, Henry and Emma that the picture of the door is the actual door. The author is trapped in his own book.
Once Upon a Time Season 4
Once Upon a Time Season 4 Episode 16 Quotes
Careful, mate. It's unwise to insult the size of a pirate's ship.
Permalink: Careful, mate. It's unwise to insult the size of a pirate's ship.
Oh please, I was torturing people back when you were still playing with puppies.
Permalink: Oh please, I was torturing people back when you were still playing with puppies.
Once Upon a Time Universe Redemption Arcs Ranked From Worst To Best
Once Upon a Time Round Table: Who Gets a Happy Ending?
Once Upon a Time Season 4 Episode 16: Full Episode Live!
Once Upon a Time Season 4 Episode 16 Photos


text:
Architecture, Interior Design, London, Office 3rd October 2016 3rd October 2016
Peek inside the London co-working space kitted out by British designer Tom Dixon
Interchange have opened 'Atrium', their third co-working space in London.
The flagship building is located in Camden's famed Stables Market. It is unique in design, featuring a central spiralling walkway, dedicated interaction spaces, covered terraces and vertical gardens.
In addition, it boasts everything entrepreneurs, startups and creatives could ever need: a courtyard, a restaurant, a cafe, an innovation lab, a gym, private offices and areas for hot-desking.
Interchange worked with Design Research Studio to furnish the Atrium under the creative direction of esteemed British designer Tom Dixon.
Dixon looked beyond the traditional office environment for inspiration, instead taking cues from social spaces like hotel lobbies and nightclubs.
The quickly changing nature of workspace and the opportunities presented by this are interesting to us both from a product design and interior design perspective – wherever change happens designers get a chance to be relevant. – Tom Dixon
The studio designed and manufactured numerous pieces of custom furniture for the project, including two desks and a new light.
In addition, Dixon furnished the workspace with a number of his existing products. Included are:
The Y Chair – Described by Dixon as durable and ergonomic with a striking silhouette. The chair's unique shape is crafted from injection moulded glass-reinforced nylon, which gives the chairs a number of beneficial properties. Firstly, they're recyclable. Secondly, the shape and material makes the chairs fatigue resistant and thirdly, the chairs absorb shock and load due to its flexibility.
See it at TomDixon.com
The Wingback Chair – The classic 17th-century 'wingback chair' design re-thought and updated for the modern day. The chair provides both comfort and privacy in open plan spaces. It's elegant, functional and just a touch extravagant.
Bell Table Light – this lamp features two domes, one suspended over another. It is made from chrome plated pressed steel with a hyper polished appearance. The mirrored lamp that takes on the tone and characteristics of the surrounding area thanks to its reflective surface. The lamp can also be purchased from John Lewis for £420 (correct at the time of writing).
The Atrium joins two other Interchange buildings in Camden: nearby Triangle (also located in Stables Market) and Utopia, not too far away on Chalcot Road. Design Research Studio also furnished the other two buildings with lighting and furniture by Dixon.
Interchange's co-working and shared workspace environment allows some of Camden Market to evolve beyond food, retail and tourism to provide space for other types of activities, lending even more diversity to the extraordinary mix of activity in this teeming mix of creativities. – Tom Dixon
More photographs:
Furnishing an office and looking for inspiration, or simply just love interior design? Here are a few more pictures of the Atrium via TomDixon.com –
Spotlight on Tim Dixon &
Design Research Studio:
Tom Dixon, OBE is a self-taught designer based in Portobello, London. He rose to notoriety in the 90s after creating the famous 'Jack' light. Then, Dixon spent a decade working for Habitat, spending some time there as Creative Director. Dixon was part of a team credited for rejuvenating the brand. In 2002, Dixon founded his own brand in London, which still sells a range of home accessories and gifts today. A year later, Dixon established the Design Research Studio, his interior and architectural design company. The company specialise in large scale installations and have undertaken projects for a number of high-profile clients, including The Royal Academy in London, Shoreditch House and Jamie Oliver's London restaurant, Barbecoa. Tom Dixon and Design Research Studio are renowned for their Britishness, eccentricity and ingenious use of raw materials. His work can be found in a number of museums across the globe, including the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.
All photographs from TomDixon.com
Atrium, Camden, Camden London, Design Research Studio, Interchange, London, Stables Market, Tom Dixon
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text:
Oct. 16, 2019, 9:07 a.m. EDT
'Stranger Things' fans are flocking to buy this item
How the cult-favorite Netflix series influences shopper behavior
Levi Strauss & Co. Cl A (LEVI)
Netflix Inc. (NFLX)
By Lina Saigol
Netflix/Everett Collection
Winona Ryder delivers a line in the second season of "Stranger Things."
Forget Vogue. TV is the new fashion bible.
"Stranger Things," "Peaky Blinders" and "Fleabag" were big influences on what consumers bought last year as they rushed to emulate characters from their favorite TV shows.
Sales of slim-fit Levi's /zigman2/quotes/204763189/composite LEVI +1.47% were up 8% as viewers channeled Winona Ryder's 1980s-retro look in the Netflix /zigman2/quotes/202353025/composite NFLX +0.31% cult hit "Stranger Things," according to a new report.
Nick Mosley, a junior buyer in men's casual wear at the U.K. department store John Lewis, said sweatshirts and the like also benefited from the trend. "We have seen 82% increase in sales of our sweats assortment this year, driven by a resurgence in key '80s styles including hoodies and track tops, both of which were particularly popular in the [third] season of 'Stranger Things.' "
The new series of 1920s gangster drama "Peaky Blinders," which aired in August, sparked a 25% increase in sales of flat caps, while fans of Phoebe Waller-Bridge, the creator and star of the Emmy Award–winning dark comedy "Fleabag,"pushed sales of black jumpsuits up 66%.
The TV-inspired trends is revealed in the latest retail report from John Lewis, which identified the key trends of the year by analyzing consumer tastes between August 2018 and August 2019. "The influence of these shows spread beyond the water cooler and into customers' wardrobes," the report posited.
The seventh edition of the report, published Wednesday, comes at a challenging time for U.K. retailers, which are struggling with an increase in wages and a tax on stores called business rates and a sharp fall in shopper numbers as more consumers buy their goods online.
In October, John Lewis Partnership, which also operates the supermarket chain Waitrose and is owned by its employees, posted its first half-year loss since 1972 in September and slashed staff bonuses to their lowest level in 65 years.
The economic uncertainty and stress of Britain's potential exit from the European Union could be one reason the report saw an almost 30% increase in the sale of premium Lego for adults. The maker of the iconic building blocks has published a mindfulness book called "Build Yourself Happy: The Joy of Lego Play," and sets for grown-ups such as the Lego Architecture line, which recreate to scale famous buildings and sites such as the Capitol in Washington, D.C., and Trafalgar Square in London.
Adults also embraced the trend for tidying up, inspired by Japanese decluttering expert Marie Kondo's Netflix series, in which Kondo encourages viewers to keep only the items that "spark joy." Sales of storage containers rose by 47%, including baskets fashioned from natural materials such as water hyacinth, which were one store's best sellers.
The government's forthcoming ban on plastic straws in England — which comes into effect next year — pushed sales of eco-friendly and stainless-steel versions up by 1,573%.
John Lewis said it had stopped selling drones as of May, following disruptions at London airports last year.
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