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Architectural Digest - Enoc Perez Explores Philip Johnson's Architecture—and How it Relates to the Trump Era
JANURAY 22, 2018
Philip Johnson's Art Museum of South Texas as painted by Enoc Perez, part of a new show focusing on the architect's buildings in Texas.Kevin Todora,Kevin Todora
Enoc Perez Explores Philip Johnson's Architecture—and How it Relates to the Trump Era
A new exhibition in Dallas spotlights the architect's Texas work
By Ian Volner
In vivid washes of color; in overlaid stencil-like images; and in bronze sculptures of massed, crumpled-up forms, artist Enoc Perez uses a multimedia approach reminiscent of Warhol and Rauschenberg to both celebrate and satirize some of the 20th century's best-known buildings. In Dallas this month, he's turned his sights on controversial modern designer Philip Johnson: In a show sponsored by local art museum Dallas Contemporary, Perez has created works featuring Johnson's buildings, and then installed some of them inside the buildings themselves (of which Dallas has no fewer than six). The artist took a break from the museum opening to talk about the intrigues and the afterlife of America's most infamous architectural gadfly.
AD: How did you first become interested in Philip Johnson, and how did that lead you to Dallas?
Enoc Perez: I had been invited three years ago to do a print for the Glass House [Johnson's private estate and foundation in Connecticut]. When I saw the place, I fell in love with it. There's no hierarchy to the buildings there: The painting gallery, the sculpture gallery, everything is considered of equal importance. After that I started to get commissions in lobbies of Johnson buildings—I guess people thought I was a Johnson expert, even though I'm no architecture scholar, more of a fan. The curator of Dallas Contemporary said we should do something here, since there are so many Johnson buildings in the city. I did my homework and realized it's a gold mine, so I said, "Let's do it."
AD: What kind of approach did you take in adapting Johnson's buildings into artistic artifacts?
EP: We started making paintings of them, thinking, for example, Why don't we make Franz Klines using the Comerica Building in Dallas? Then we moved onto some the buildings I like better, like his museums in Texas, making more paintings but also sculptures—like, doing architectural models but then turning them around, treating them as artisanal objects, like an African mask or Puerto Rican arts and crafts. Once I figured that out, the rest of the show came out pretty easily; I also did the more abstract paintings which in a way are kind of brutal, layer upon layer. Very much like our culture, in a way, brutal and un-delicate.
AD: Is there some link, in your mind, between Johnson's work and our contemporary moment? Why tackle this subject now?
EP: Johnson was promiscuous in terms of his aesthetic. Some of it is good, and some of it is bad. And that lack of aesthetic judgment seems somehow connected to this Trump era. It determined my approach to the abstractions, for instance, like the way I treated the Crescent project Johnson did in Dallas—it's this slightly gaudy pseudo-French chateau, and looking at it becomes a meditation on the question "Oh my God, how did we get into this mess as a culture?" It's painfully apparent also in the lower level of Johnson's Thanks-Giving Square Chapel here: There all these placards on the wall saying "We're Grateful for Native Americans," "We're Grateful to the People of Dallas," and then one that says "We're Grateful for Exxon." This fruit punch of ideology, that's kind of what America is. There's a beauty to it, but it's also really crazy. So the sculpture we made, right there in the chapel, we made it to look like a piece of pagan worship. I don't know if I've discovered America in working on this project, but after 30 years of living here, I know I'm getting closer. I'm getting warm.


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Retired NASA astronaut Jack Fischer talks spacesuit challenges and the International Space Station in 'Virtual Astronaut' panel
October 29, 2020 [email protected]_84 Astronaut, challenges, Fischer, International, Jack, NASA, Panel, retired, Space, spacesuit, Station, talks, Virtual
A retired NASA astronaut will discuss how the International Space Station helps us model good teamwork on Earth, in an online panel discussion Friday (Oct. 30).
Expedition 51/52 astronaut Jack Fischer will participate in the panel discussion by The Virtual Astronaut series, which is bringing online talks by astronauts to the general public. The panel discussion will review the importance of 20 years of continuous human occupation on the International Space Station (ISS), and will be moderated by collectSPACE.com founder and Space.com contributor Robert Pearlman. You can buy tickets here.
Fischer, who is also a retired United States Air Force colonel, said that he found the ISS was helpful in bringing a greater value to cooperation even amid international disagreements.
Related: Extreme space cuisine! Astronaut whips up 'bite-size yumiosities' in orbit
While Fischer did not cite specific examples, one prominent recent incident was a 2014 comment by then Russian deputy prime minister Dmitry Rogozin suggesting the U.S. should use trampolines to reach space. This comment was a dig against the U.S. relying on Russian Soyuz spacecraft for crew transportation to and from the ISS in between the retirement of the space shuttle in 2011 and the start of commercial crew missions this year. Rogozin was also angry concerning sanctions the Americans put in place against Russian officials after his country's invasion of Crimea earlier that year.
"Abstracting the value that people have to each other is what is most important," Fischer said of the ISS, whose research and missions continued uninterrupted despite the spat between the largest space station partners. "You have a conversation. When there are disagreements, we can talk to each other. We can step back and know that what's truly important, and what is at the core of our being, is the same. We can get along, and we can do great things." He added this approach should also work within the United States, even amid divisions of different interest groups.
Fischer was selected as an astronaut in 2009 and spent much of his first six years at NASA helping to develop the spacecraft making the news today: the SpaceX Crew Dragon that ferried the first commercial crew to space earlier this year, the Boeing Starliner that is also expected to start commercial crew missions in the near future, and the Orion spacecraft that NASA hopes to send around the moon in 2021 in preparation for its first crewed mission in 2023.
Then Fischer moved into a nearly three-year training cycle in 2014 for his own space mission, which launched in 2017. Most of that time was spent in Russia training to be a Soyuz pilot, he said, with the rest of the training focused on acquiring generic skills in spaceflight for skills like robotics, science and spacewalks. "You're not really sure what's going to meet you when you get up there," he said. "A cargo vehicle could explode. Things break. So you need to be a generalist to adapt to the situation when you get there."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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There is also a short video showing how to use it. Be sure to watch the video, it is short and a good explanation of how the software works. This is not truly quilt design software like Electric Quilt (which is great but costs money), but it is essentially a library of quilt designs that allow you to access the design, see what fabrics were used for the original design, change the fabrics to others available at Equilter, see how much fabric is needed and how much the fabric will cost, download complete instructions, or email your version of the quilt with instructions to yourself or a friend.
There are over 400 patterns available with more being added frequently. Most of these patterns are ones created by the fabric manufacturers to feature their new fabric lines. The software that Equilter has developed allows you to take that pattern and see how it will look with other fabric choices.
This is a great added feature to the Equilter website, and a very efficient way to access all those free patterns made available by the manufacturers.
Based on the email newsletter I received, Equilter will be sending out newsletters announcing new patterns as they are added. If you aren't already drowning in emails from quilting websites, you might want to get on their mailing list.
This entry was posted in Free quilt patterns, Quilt Designer, Quilt Patterns, Quilting and tagged fabric choices, free quilt patterns on January 19, 2014 by Shirley at Mystery Bay Quilt Design.


Now that is adorable and perfect.
soooooooo cute. where did you find the pattern?
I was just coming in to ask that question.
Thanks Becky, for putting it up for me. This week has been trying to say the least.
I'm so glad you liked it. When you said whimsical- Rudolph, Frosty and the baby New Year came to mind. I scoured the Internet for something that would work and when I went on www.stuffthebody.com, I knew her Andy the fawn pattern was perfect. Her fawn body proportions were so close to a real fawn and her technique of working it all as one piece makes it work up quickly and leaves hardly any ends to weave in. I made mine in thread, making it perfect ornament size and I added my own finishing touches by adding my own nose and changed the antlers. I would have started the ecru a little sooner in the nose area but it was the first go at that pattern. I was going to give Rudolph a collar of tiny bells all around his neck, but for some reason, I chose to make a removable wreath.
BeckyB mailed mine out and it is estimated to come on Monday!!! I am so excited!
#1Crochetfan's ornament is out for delivery!!!!
:yay Yes, it did get here.
I'm glad you like him. I did have to chuckle when I opened mine, knowing I sent a Rudolf too, lol. It was fun being partnered with you!
He is adorable and that is so funny that you both made reindeer.
Sounds great...yours is going out today.
I have not yet.. Mom4x messaged me & I should get it this week!


Will Contest or "In Terrorem" Clauses - Doherty, Dugan, Cannon, Raymond & Weil, P.C.
Estate and trust disputes may take months or years to resolve, with litigation costs consuming a huge part of the estate. This frustrates the whole purpose of your estate plan, and diminishes the benefits that will pass to the persons you care about.
Massachusetts law allows you to put language in your will so that anyone contesting the will or any of its provisions will forfeit all rights and benefits under the will.
Heirs who are specifically excluded from any benefit under a will may decide there is nothing to lose by filing a challenge to the will in court. However, if those same heirs are designated to receive a specific benefit under the will, they must consider whether filing a claim is worth the risk of losing the benefit.
There is no way to guarantee that a will or trust will avoid all possible challenges or disputes, but a well-drafted In Terrorem clause can make potential challengers think twice before filing a claim and improve the likelihood that the will can be filed and processed as you plan.
Our estate planning lawyers are located in Franklin, MA and serve the Greater Boston MetroWest region and the neighboring towns of Bellingham, Milford, Upton, Hopedale, Holliston, Medway, Millis, Medfield, Norwood, Walpole, Sharon, Foxborough, Wrentham, Easton, Mansfield, Norton, Raynham, Tauton, Attleboro, Seekonk, Rehoboth, Uxbridge, and Whitinsville.


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Behavioural and Neural Biology
1987;48:382-393
Yawning : No effects of 3-5% CO2,
100% O2 and exercice
RR Provine, BC Tate, LL Gelmacher
Department of Psychology University of Maryland Baltimore
Autres articles de R. Provine et R. Baenninger
Resume : the present research found no support for the popular hypothesis that yawning is a response to elevated CO2 or depressed O2 levels in the blood.
Yawning is a common and probably species-typical human behavior (Provine, 1986) that is performed throughout the life span (Gesell, l928). It is characterized by a gaping of the mouth accompanied by a long inspiration followed by a shorter expiration. Yawning is a stereotyped behavior that is evoked by unknown physiological stimuli or released by observed yawns or y awn-related stimuli (Provine, 1986). Yawns are easily triggered; even reading about or thinking about yawns stimulates them. Yawning is most frequent during the 'hour before 'bedtime and afterwaking (Provine, Hamernik,& Curchack). People also yawn when watching.uneventful stimuli or participating in repetitious, uninteresting tasks (Provine & Hamernik, 1986). The temporal proximity of yawning to bed and waking times and other occasions of low arousal is probably the basis for yawning as a paralinguistic signal for drowsiness.
Yawning is of medical importance because it is symptomatic of pathology such as brain lesions and tumors, hemorrhage, motion sickness, chorea, and encephalitis (Barbizet, 1958, Graybiel & Knepton, 1976; Heusner, 1946, Jurko & Andy, 1975). Yawning is also therapeutic in preventing postoperative respiratory complications (Cahill, 1978) and in adjusting the air pressure in the middle ear (Laskiewicz, 1953).
There is much popular opinion but little empirical evidence about the physiological cause and function of yawning. The unsupported hypothesis that yawning is a respiratory maneuver that somehow increases the oxygenation or decreases the CO, level of blood is often repeated in the popular and scientific literature (i.e., Abarbanel, 1964; Brody, 1984; Montagu, 1962; Redican, 1982). The present studies evaluated the effect of elevated levels of CO2, 02, and exercise on human yawning. These interventions alter blood levels of these gases and breathing rates (Comme, 1965). If yawning either increases or decreases in response to O2, CO2 or exercise, some form of the CO2/O2 hypothesis is supported and a respiratory role for yawning is suggested.
EFFECTS OF CO, AND O2 ON YAWNING
The prescent study tested the hypothesis that yawning is facilitated by higher than normal blood levels of CO, or lower than normal blood levels of O2 by observing the effect on yawning of breathing compressed air, 100% O2, and gas mixtures with higher than normal levels of CO2(3 or 5% CO2). (The normal composition of air is 20,95% O2, 79.02% N2 and inert gases, and 0.03% CO2). If yawning is a response to heightened blood CO2 levels, breathing gases high in CO2 should increase yawning rate and/or duration. If low blood O2 levels produce yawning, breathing 100% O2 should inhibit yawning. The effects of breathing gases with subnormal levels of O2 were not investigated because of concern about stressing the subjects.
Method : Subjects. The 18 subjects (3 males, 15 females) were 17 to 21 year old college freshmen who volunteered to earn experiment participation credit for an introductory psychology class. All subjects who began the study completed all four experimental conditions.
Procedure. All subjects began with a 30-min baseline condition in which they breathed normal room air. Three other 30-min experimental sessions were spaced at least 1 day apart. The order of presentation of all but the initial baseline condition was counterbalanced. The baseline session acclimated subjects to the experimental procedures without the additional novelty of breathing through a mask as in later conditions. During each of the next three 30-min sessions subjects breathed one of four gas mixtures: (a) 1 00% 02; (6) 3% C02, 21% 02, balance N2; (C) 5% CO2, 21% O2, balance N2; and (d) normal compressed air (20-95% O2 0,03%c CO2, 79.02% N, and inert gases). After observing no apparent effect of the 3% CO, mixture on the yawning of the first six subjects, the next 12 subjects were presented the 5% CO2 mixture. The compressed gases were fed into a 60 liter Douglas bag that acted as a reservoir from which subjects breathed using a small, hand held (Vital Signs) mask that covered the nose and mouth. The small mask was hand held by subjects to avoid their possible concern about having the mask strapped on. The reservoir (Douglas) bag technique for gas presentation was chosen instead of a demand regulator because the bag was more likely to produce a normal breathing pattern. Breathing was monitored with a chest bellows transducer and recorded with a Grass oscillograph. All gases were obtained from the Puritan-Bennett Corp. The gas mixtures with enhanced CO2 were guaranteed to be accurate within +-0.5% but were usually accurate within +- 0,1%. All conditions except baseline were counterbalanced in order and involved breathing gases through a hand held mask. The baseline condition during which subjects breathed room air was always first and served as a training session. For these reasons, the counterbalanced compressed air (air) condition that involved mask breathing is the best control condition with which to contrast the results for O2 and CO2.
Each subject was seated at a table in a well-lighted, fan-ventilated, sound-attenuating chamber with floor dimensions of 2.5 m X 3.1 m. After being seated, the participant was joined by the experimenter who took a seat across the table and explained the objectives and procedures of the study. All subjects were read the following information: "In this first part of a four-part study, we will be examining the naturally occurring frequency and duration of yawns. Your breathing rate will be monitored by a belt-like device that will be wrapped around your chest. You will be recording your own yawning behavior. Yawning is easy. It.is important hat you relax. and do net force yawns. It.will be unnecessary; most people can yawn by simply thinking of it. When you start to yawn, push down the button of the event recorder and keep it depressed until the yawn is complete. Consider the yawn to end when you finish exhaling. You will record the duration of each yawn until the end of the half-hour session. It is important to record your yawns as accurately as possible because other than the responses that you record, you will not be observed in any way. You will have complete privacy in the sound proofed booth. I will demonstrate how to respond to a yawn." (The experimenter demonstrated a typical yawn and the appropiate reonse to it). "Think about yawning and you can produce a real yawn. Now you try a practice yawn. Do you have any questions? After I leave the room, relax and think about yawning throughout the session and record your yawns, when they occur. You will be notified when the time is up".
After the first baseline session, each session was preceded with instructions about the use of the face mask used to supply the gas mixtures. Subjects were told, "In this part of the study, we will bc examining the effects of breathing one of threc gas mixtures on the naturally occurring frequency and duration of yawns. You will probably be unable to distinguish any difference between the gases. You will breathe the gas through a small mask that you will hold over vour mouth and nose. Do not alter your normal pattern of breathing while using the mask. Breathe naturally. The gases are safe to breathe and should produce no distressing sensations, but if you feel uncomfortable in any way, you may remove the mask for a few seconds. You may also quit the session at any time and.still receive credit for participating. The rest of the procedures are the same as in the first session. As before, your breathing rate will be measured by a belt-like device that will be wrapped around your chest. Your task is to think about yawning throughout the half-bour session and to record your yawns when they occur. When you start to yawn, push down the button of the event recorder and keep it depressed until the yawn is complete. Consider the yawn to end when you finish exhaling. If you think that the mask is inhibiting your yawning movements, you may remove the mask until the yawn is complete. Do von have any questions? After I leave the room, relax and think about yawning throughout the session and record your yawns when they occur. You will be notified when the time is up.
Subjects were fully informed of the experimental procedures and objectives, although they were not told which gas they were breathing during a given session. Informed subjects were considered to be less likely than uninformed subjects to speculate about their expected behavior and, thus, become more sensitive to possible experimental demand characteristics. The high-amplitude, all-or-none, behavior of yawning makes the yawner more reliable and accurate at discriminating his yawns than an outsider who must respond to sometimes ambiguous cues. The between session reliability of self-reponed yawns is documented in Provine (1986). Also, yawns were self-reported because attempts too bserve subjects directly may reduce yawning frequency because of the social sanctions against public yawning; several subject participating in a pilot study volunteered the comment that they did not like to y awn while being watched. Subjects pressed a button in response to a yawn. Their response was recorded with an Esterline-Angus chart recorder (A 620X) driven at 2.5 mm/s. Yawn duration was the time the subject kept the response button depressed. Yawn duration was measured manually from the event recorder records with a millimeter rule. The above procedures were modeled after those of a previous study. (Provine, 1986).
The effects of breathing room air (baseline), compressed air (air), 100% 02, and C02 (3 or 5% C02, 21% 02, balance N2)on breathingrate, yawing rate, and yawning duration were examined. Breathing rate. The study is a factorial design with groups (3% CO, and 5%. C02), conditions (baseline, air, 02, and C02), and time periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30. min).- The -.time periods were produced by averaging data from 1 to. 5 min, 6 to 10 min, and so on. The main effect of conditions was first tested in terms of three orthogonal contrasts baseline versus the average of all other conditions, air versus the average of 02 and the C02 mixtures, and 02 versus the CO, mixtures. The main effect of time period (period) was analyzed in terms of polynomial trend across the six 5-min periods. Both 100% 02 and the two CO2 mixtures increased breathing rate. The analysis of breathing rate reveals a highly sighificant (p < .0005) main effect of conditions using both multivariate (F(3,14) =14.94) and univariate (F3,48) = 14.46) tests. The contrast of baseline (room air, no mask) with other conditions is highly significant (F(l ,16) 13.67, p.002), as is the contrast of the air (compressed air) with the O2 and CO2 conditions (F(l, 16) = 31.77, p <.0005). The comparison of O2 with CO2 is marginally significant (F(l, 16) = 4.21, p =.057). The air versus O2 contrast is also significant as is the air versus CO2 contrast. There is no interaction with conditions and groups, either overall or for any of the individual interaction contrasts (all F ratios < 1). The main effect of period and the interaction of period with groups is nonsignificant. The interaction of Condition x Period and the three way interaction of Group X Condition X Period are also nonsignificant.
It should be noted that the above analyses yield a very conservative estimate of CO2 effects. Although CO2 produced small but significant increases in breathing rate, previous work from other laboratories has established that respiratory tidal volume almost triples in response to breathing 5% CO2 (Dripp's &-Comroe, 1947). The heavy breathing produced by 5% C02 in the present study was not experienced in response to the other gases.
Yawn frequency. Neither 100% 02 nor either of the C02 mixtures influenced the rate of yawning. A multivariate analysis of yawn fiequency revealed no main effects of group condition or period. There was, however, an effect of condition by the univariate test (F(3, 48)= 3.17, p = .033) that was interpretable as a difference between the haseline and the average of the other three conditions (F(l, 16) =4.17, p = .045). The detection of such a difference is not surprising because, as noted above, the baseline training condition was always first and did not involve breathing through a mask. The compressed air (air) condition is, thus, a better control. The interaction of condition and period was also significant (multivariate F(15,2)=42,98, p = ,023) and suggests that the fonctions for the four conditions are diverging over time. However, the 30-min session length is probably adequate to reveal experimental effects if they were present. As noted above, breathing 5% C02 produces dramatic increases in breathing rate and tidal volume: This respcinse is obvious within a few minutes.
Yawn duration neither 100% O2 nor either of the CO2 mixtures influenced the duration of yawns. In the analysis of yawn duration, the main effect of period is highly significant by both multivariate (F(5, 12)=7.76, p = .002) and univariate (F(5, 80) 3.34, p = .009) tests. A trend analysis revealed a linear increase in yawn duration over the six 5-min time periods. No other main effects or interactions concerning yawn duration were significant.
In summary, both 100% O2 and the combined CO2 groups (3 and 5%) produced significantly greater breathing rates than the baseline or the compressed air control and the higher breathing rate of the CO2 compared to the O2 group approached significance. In contrast, breathing CO2 and O2 had no significant impact on yawning rate or duration when compared to either baseline or compressed air controls. The hypotheses that yawning is a response to a high blood level of CO2 or a low level of O2 were not confirmed.
EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON YAWNING
If yawning serves a respiratory function, yawning and breathing may share common regulatory mechanisms or be influenced by similar stimuli. The present study examined the effect of exercise on yawning rate and duration. Exercise increases breathing rate. If yawning either increases or decreases during exercise, a relationship between yawning and respiration is indicated. If no relation is found between the response to exercise of yawning and breathing separate and independent mechanisms control the rates of the two behaviors.
Method Subjects. The 19 subjects (7 males, 12 females) were 17 to 21 year old college freshmen who volunteered to earn experiment participation credit in an introductory psychology class.
Procedure. Subjects were seated alone in the small, sound-attenuated experimental chamber described previously, and were instructed to think about yawning. Subjects reported their yawns by pressing the button on a small box held in their right hand that activated an event recorder. This procedure was the same as that used in the first study. Breathing rate was detected with a small thermister probe that was clipped to the subject's left nostril and recorded using a Grass oscillograph. After 10 min of baseline data had been collected from seated subjects in a resting condition, the experimenter entered the chamber and instructed the subject te exercise by stepping up and down a 25.4 cm step at a rate of approximately on step cycle every 2 s. Subjects were also instructed to continue thinking about yawning and to record their responses. After 10 min.in the exercise condition, the experimenter again entered the chamber and instructed the subjects to be seated, but to continue thinking about and recording yawns. The experiment was terminated after this second 10 mn baseline period. Average breathing and yawning rates were tabulated for every 1min interval. Yawn duration was not analyzed because of potential problems that subjects may have had in recording yawn duration in a comparable manner while sitting in the control condition and stepping in the exercise condition. Such potential problems would be unlikely to influence the all-or-none recording of yawn occurrence, the variable of primary interest.
Results The effect of moderate exercise on breathing and yawning rates is shown.in Fig 4. During the 10-min exercise period, breathing rate rapidly increased until it was almost twice that of the preceding 10-min baseline period. Breathing rate declined rapidly toward preexercise levels during the recovery period. Significant differences in breathing rate were detected among all three conditions (baseline A; exercise, and baseline 13) using a multivariate test (F(2, 17) = 42.711, p < .0005) and a univariate repeated measures test (F(2, 36) = 69.73, p < .0005). Both the exercise versus baseline contrast and the contrast between the two baseline conditions were significant (FI, 18).- 90.02 and 18.55, respectively, p < .0005). Yawning rate declined across the three conditions of the experiment and no effect of exercise was detected. A multivarlate test of the effect of conditions was significant (F(2, 17) = 5.36, p = .016). The corresponding F ratio from a repeated measures ANOVA was also significant (F(2, 36) = 5.67, p = .007). An evaluation of univariate contrasts indicated that the number of yawns produced in the exercise condition was not different from the average number in the two baseline conditions. The two baseline conditions were, however, significantly different from each other (F(I, 18) = 11.35, P = .003). These two contrasts are equivalent to quadratic and linear trends, respectively. Thus, yawn frequency declined in a systematic linear manner across the three conditions (time periods) of the experiment. The fallure to detect a significant effect of exercise on yawning rate was not due to the inadequacy of exercise to produce a substantial physiological effect on subjects; exercise produced a significant effect on one simultaneously recorded behavioral variable, breathingy rate.
The present research found no support for the popular hypothesis that yawning is a response to elevated CO2 or depressed O2 levels in the blood. Neither breathing pure O2 nor gases high in CO2 had a significant effect on yawning although both increased simultaneously recorded breathing rate. Exercise that doubled breathing rate also had no effect on yawning. The increase in breathing rate to elevated CO2, O2, and exercise established that all three interventions had measurable physiological effects. Breathing and yawning share some similar motor processes that produce inspiration and expiration, but the independent variation of yawning and respiration suggested that breathing and yawning are responses to different internal states and are controlled by différent mechanisms. Although it can be argued that other gas concentrations, exposure times, or instructions may have produced different findings, there are no contrary data in the hurnan yawning literature and the prescrit results are a part of a broader pattern of converging evidence.
Further evidence that yawning is not primarily a respiratory act comes from an analysis of the routes of inhalation and exhalation during yawning and the relation between yawn duration and inter yawn interval (Provine, 1986; Provine, Hamernik, Tate, & Curchack, 1986). Inhalation and exhalation occur primarily through the mouth and this basic pattern is highly inflexible. It is very difficult, if not impossible, for most people to perform a satisfying yawn with their mouth taped shut even though they are free to respire through their nose and rnove their jaw to a limited extent within their closed mouth. Yawning does not have the degree of behavioral freedom characteristic, of normal breathing. However, oral inhalation by itself is insufficient to produce a satisfactory yawn if the jaws are not free to move. Subjects attempting to yawn with clenched teeth often reported the unpleasant sensation of being stuck in mid yawn and being unable to perform a satisfying yawn although they could inhale and exhale through their teeth. Thus, the yawn is not simply a deep breath. The finding that performers of short yawns do not compensate by yawning more frequently and vice versa is also inconsistent with the yawn as a respiratory event (Provine, 1986).
The primary function of the highly stereotyped action pattern of yawning may be some nonrespiratory component of the behavior such as sretching. A precedent exists for the association of yawning and stretching. Subjects who cannot stretch their jaws because their teeth are clenched are unable to perform satisfactory yawns (Provine, 1986), and generalized body stretches often accompany yawns in humans (Provine et al) and other animals (Dourish & Cooper). Neurological case reports of associated movements in human hemiplegics provide further evidence for a correlation between yawning and stretching. Herniplegics often stretch otherwise paralyzed body parts during yawns (Walshe, 1923). Pharmacological evidence for a yawn-stretch relation is provided by the observation that drugs that produce yawning also trigger stretching in a variety of animals (Dourish & Cooper, in press; Gessa, Pisano, Vargiu, Crabai, & Ferrari, 1967; Yamada & Furukawa, 1980). There is also evidence of at least partial autonomy of yawning and stretching. Yawns may be performed without concurrent stretches and vice versa. The circadian patterning of yawns differs from that of stretches; yawning is most frequent shortly before sleeping and after waking, whereas stretching is frequent only immediately after waking (Provine et al).
The difference in the temporal distribution of yawning and stretching and the ability to perform elther behavior autonomously suggests that yawning is not simply the facial component of a generalized stretch response. During evolution, yawning may have become emancipated from a generalized stretch response or may have evolved independently but served a furiction homologous to stretching. Stretching has consequences ranging from increases in blood pressure and heart rate to improved flexibility of muscles and joints. If the yawn is a localized stretch of the face and upper body, its consequences may be as diverse and plentiful as those of other types of stretches. However, yawning is unique in having important conseqpences for both groups and individuals. If yawning is assumed to,have a physiological effect on the yawner, the tendency to yawning response to observed yawns produces a behavioral chain reaction among witnesses that synchronizes the physiological state of a group (Provine et al.). Both yawning and its resulting physiology are contagious.
Disorders of mental functioning produced by varying the oxygen tension of the atmosphere Barach AL, Kagan J 1940


– Credit history (from Latin credit score, "(he/she/it) thinks") could be the believe in which lets a single celebration to offer funds or means to a different party wherever that next party doesn't reimburse the first social gathering promptly (thus building a debt), but as a substitute promises either to repay or return These assets (or other elements of equal price) in a later on date. To paraphrase, credit history is actually a method of creating reciprocity formal, legally enforceable, and extensible to a sizable team of unrelated persons.
. The means delivered could possibly be financial (e.g. granting a personal loan), or They might encompass merchandise or services (e.g. customer credit history). Credit history encompasses any kind of deferred payment. Credit score is extended by a creditor, also known as a lender, to your debtor, generally known as a borrower.
Financial institution-issued credit rating tends to make up the most important proportion of credit history in existence. The traditional look at of banking companies as intermediaries among savers and borrower is incorrect. Modern day banking is about credit history development. Credit history is manufactured up of two elements, the credit history (revenue) and its corresponding personal debt, which calls for repayment with curiosity. The bulk (ninety seven% as of December 2018) of the money in the UK economic climate is designed as credit. When a bank troubles credit score (i.e. helps make a mortgage), it writes a adverse entry in to the liabilities column of its balance sheet, and an equivalent good figure around the property column; the asset staying the bank loan repayment money stream (furthermore fascination) from the credit history-deserving particular person. In the event the credit card debt is absolutely repaid, the credit history and debt are cancelled, and the money disappears from the financial state. In the meantime, the debtor receives a positive hard cash equilibrium (which is utilised to purchase something just like a residence), but will also an equivalent negative liability to get repaid on the financial institution in excess of the duration. The majority of the credit rating designed goes into the acquisition of land and property, building inflation in Individuals marketplaces, that's a major driver with the financial cycle.
Every time a bank generates credit, it efficiently owes the money to itself. If a financial institution problems excessive undesirable credit score (Individuals debtors that are unable to pay back it again), the financial institution will turn out to be insolvent; getting much more liabilities than assets. Which the bank hardly ever had the money to lend to start with is immaterial – the banking license affords banks to produce credit – what issues is the fact that a bank's total property are greater than its whole liabilities, and that it's holding enough liquid belongings – such as hard cash – to meet its obligations to its debtors. If it fails to do this it threats individual bankruptcy.
There's two major kinds of personal credit history developed by financial institutions; unsecured (non-collateralized) credit for example shopper credit cards and modest unsecured loans, and secured (collateralized) credit, typically secured from the item remaining bought with the money (residence, boat, auto, etc.). To reduce their publicity to the risk of not getting their a refund (credit score default), banking institutions will usually problem significant credit score sums to Individuals considered credit score-worthy, and in addition to involve collateral; anything of equivalent price on the bank loan, that will be passed to your bank Should the debtor fails to fulfill the repayment terms on the personal loan. In this instance, the bank takes advantage of sale in the collateral to lessen its liabilities. Samples of secured credit history include purchaser home loans accustomed to obtain residences, boats and so on., and PCP (individual contract program) credit rating agreements for car purchases.
Movements of monetary cash are Typically dependent on either credit history or equity transfers. The global credit score industry is 3 times the scale of worldwide equity. Credit rating is consequently dependent on the popularity or creditworthiness in the entity which will take accountability for that resources. Credit score can be traded in economical markets. The purest form may be the credit rating default swap market place, which is essentially a traded market place in credit rating insurance plan. A credit default swap signifies the worth at which two events exchange this threat – the protection seller usually takes the risk of default of the credit rating in return for your payment, commonly denoted in basis factors (one foundation stage is 1/a hundred of the percent) on the notional sum to become referenced, even though the protection purchaser pays this high quality and in the situation of default of your underlying (a personal loan, bond or other receivable), provides this receivable for the safety seller and receives from the seller the par sum (that's, is built complete).
Consumer credit card debt may be outlined as "cash, merchandise or expert services presented to an individual from the absence of fast payment". Prevalent varieties of purchaser credit incorporate charge cards, keep cards, motorized vehicle finance, personalized financial loans (installment loans), shopper traces of credit history, retail loans (retail installment loans) and mortgages. This is a wide definition of shopper credit history and corresponds Together with the Financial institution of England's definition of "Lending to people". Given the size and character in the home finance loan market, quite a few observers classify home loan lending like a different category of personal borrowing, and As a result residential mortgages are excluded from some definitions of consumer credit rating, including the just one adopted from the U.S. Federal Reserve.
The cost of credit score is the additional sum, above and above the quantity borrowed, which the borrower has to pay. It contains fascination, arrangement charges and any other rates. Some prices are mandatory, required through the lender as an integral Component of the credit history settlement. Other expenses, which include These for credit history coverage, could be optional; the borrower chooses whether they are integrated as A part of the arrangement.
Interest and also other charges are offered in a variety of various ways, but less than lots of legislative regimes lenders are needed to estimate all obligatory charges in the shape of an once-a-year share amount (APR). The objective from the APR calculation is to advertise "fact in lending", to provide prospective borrowers a clear evaluate of your genuine price of borrowing and to allow a comparison to become built in between competing products and solutions. The APR is derived through the sample of advances and repayments created during the settlement. Optional charges usually are not included in the APR calculation.
Interest charges on financial loans to individuals, whether mortgages or charge cards, are most commonly determined with reference into a credit rating rating. Calculated by personal credit history ranking businesses or centralized credit score bureaus depending on variables like prior defaults, payment history and out there credit history, people with greater scores are typically supplied a reduce APR than those with reduced scores.
It's a broadly-held misunderstanding that Individuals with good credit history have a far better grasp of running their finances. Within a modern client survey from Marcus by Goldman Sachs®*, 34 % of customers with good credit history (FICO 660 and above) are in bank card personal debt and 41 per cent watch charge card credit card debt as a location they wished they had much more Command about.
Even those with good or fantastic credit rating — a rating of 660 FICO or higher than — could be prone to the cycle of higher-interest charge card debt that includes variable curiosity costs and concealed fees. It's adequate for making anybody feel like financial debt resolution is out of reach.For the majority of the inhabitants, it's easier to go into financial debt than it can be to obtain outside of it. Based on NerdWallet's 2018 American Residence Charge card Personal debt Research, the standard household with bank card credit card debt has balances totaling $16,748**. Day to day expenses and unforeseen expenses like braces for the children, a leaky roof or maybe a sizzling h2o heater breaking can impact All people. For lots of, it's simple to fall at the rear of and resort to large-interest charge cards as an answer.
Debt, notably credit card credit card debt, is usually deeply stress filled for folks carrying a seemingly unlimited equilibrium thirty day period around thirty day period. This pressure, combined with the deep-rooted stigma close to discussing credit card credit card debt, leaves Lots of people feeling like they have limited options that will help them superior handle their funds.The customer study by Marcus by Goldman Sachs also uncovered stunning numbers encompassing the struggles Us residents with great credit rating have with bank card personal debt.
. Most are unaware of other options which will help tackle their bank card personal debt and turn to more and more Determined measures for guidance. Thirty-four % would think about offering off family objects to assist with payments and 38 per cent would consider turning to the 2nd task.Nonetheless, there are other remedies that can help remove the revolving cycle of charge card financial debt.Just one practical different is a fixed-charge, no payment personalized bank loan, available from Marcus by Goldman Sachs. Loans range from $three,500 to $30,000 to eligible individuals with great or fantastic credit rating (FICO 660 and previously mentioned).
Bank loan phrases vary for three to 6 years and fascination costs range from 6.ninety nine percent to 23.ninety nine percent.Marcus offers U.S.-based mostly focused personal loan experts who supply live, customized assist. You can also discover a savings calculator to assist you to estimate your financial savings about higher-curiosity variable bank card credit card debt with no affecting your credit rating rating.So, check out your financial debt management solutions — irrespective of whether you want to consolidate personal debt, or just have to have a mortgage that actually works for you personally.


My healing journey actively began during my Junior year of college. Since I was a toddler, I had the goal of becoming an MD and followed this path all the way through my undergraduate career. My second two years of college, I experienced the culmination of a few health issues that were unable to be treated properly through conventional medicine, and I began to look into Alternative Health. After being introduced first to Biofeedback, and then meditation by a wonderful Pscyhologist, I saw the end of 12 years of various medications for Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia! We did not learn about the mind-body connection in college, and as soon as I experienced this for myself I instantly became fascinated and wanted to learn all I could! The second turning point in my Senior year was being cured of a severe hormonal disorder by taking a Chinese Herb for three months, after two Conventional doctors had told me that I would have to take high doses of female hormones for the rest of my life to control my symptoms. In addition to my own health hurdles, I worked in nursing homes all throughout college and saw first hand the effects of compounding medications over a long period of time. I realized that the path ahead of me was something I would not be happy pursuing...I wanted to work with people, to help them find perfect health, but this was not the way to do so.
With some fear, I abandoned my lifelong plans and began exploring different forms of meditation, alternative medicine, and energy work. I was first introduced to Reiki by a friend from a Oneness Blessing meditation group in Omaha, NE. She had asked to do a practice session for me because she had just taken the class, and I remember when her hands first touched my head feeling a wave of bliss and unconditional love flow throughout my body that instantly gave me full body goosebumps. I later learned that the full body goosebumps is my intuitive signal for something that is very resonant with my soul, and learned to follow this feeling over time. Shortly after that experience, I found myself in my own Reiki I class, and it was the first major catalyst on my spiritual path. My intuitive awareness blossomed with my first Reiki attunement, and I realized that many of my childhood issues were rooted in being an extreme empath and not being able to tell my own emotions apart from those around me. With the blessing of Reiki, I was able to turn my empathic abilities that used to be debilitating, into a valuable healing tool. I began feeling sensations in my body when I worked with my clients that reflected what was happening in their own bodies, and the traditional Reiki quickly turned into its own unique healing modality coming through me.
In 2013, I completed my Master Reiki Training and began teaching and began charging for Reiki sessions. I realized that while I loved providing free healing to others, I had very little energy left over while doing this in addition to a full time job. I have taught Reiki to over 100 students, and have been deeply moved and humbled by the changes I have witness in myself, my clients, and my students. All of my clients and students are my teachers, and I have learned SO much from working with them. I opened an office in Benson called Angelic Touch Healing where I taught classes and provided treatments. I also began collaboration with my now-partner, pianist Eugene Sedlestky, shortly after receiving my Master attunement. Eugene has had the gift of bringing through divinely inspired music since he was a toddler. After giving him a Reiki attunement, we quickly realized that this music could be used for profound healing. We started a project called "musical healing" in which a large group of people received healing from the piano music, while I focused the energy on individual people one at a time through hands on healing. You can listen to some of Eugene's music here, or learn more about his vision and how to support it here.
I felt immediately drawn to Peru after reading the "Celestine Prophecy" series in 2012, and had no idea how I would ever make it out there. I put the intention out there, and continued with my life. I was first introduced to Theta Healing in late 2013. At the time I was a caregiver for a man with a very severe muscular disorder that left him bed-bound. After a few remote sessions with a Theta Healer, I noticed a SIGNIFICANT improvement in his strength, pain level, and overall emotional well being. I was fascinated and instantly began looking into how I could learn. The closest teacher to Nebraska wanted $1000 per person to hold a class, which was far out of my price range at the time. In early 2014 I met a man online from Pisac, Peru that very coincidentally had JUST taken his first Theta Healing course, and we became friends. After 2 years of financial, mental, and emotional preparation, I got on a plane to Lima in November 2015 to live in the Sacred Valley and continue my own personal healing and training.
Within two months of arriving in Peru, I had taken the Basic, Advanced, and "Game of Life" Theta Healing classes. I have experienced a complete transformation as a person and a healer through these classes, working with my peers, as well as participating in many ceremonies with the sacred plants Ayahuasca and San Pedro, and being surrounded by the incredible energy of the mountain spirits in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. I am SO excited to return to Nebraska this coming Fall with all of the experience and knowledge I have gained in my time here so I can share it with my community! I have been writing a private blog detailing my personal experiences here in Peru. If you feel called to read it, feel free to contact me and I will give you access!
Over the next year, I plan to initiate a non-profit retreat center in Peru with my partner. The proceeds will help to support indigenous communities in need throughout the Andes, and a fund to replant Ayahuasca in the rainforest, as the current demands are higher than the rate of growth. In addition, I plan to continue providing healing work to the community, and teaching Reiki and Theta Healing. In the future, my hopes are to use my healing work to fund travel to different sacred sites around the world, gathering wisdom from people who have been involved in healing work for centuries. I would like to eventually open several non-profit healing retreats in different parts of the world, and generate an income that allows me to financially support those in their twenties and thirties with beautiful visions who do not have the means of actualizing them. Lastly I would like to donate to causes that preserve native culture around the world, so their wisdom is not lost in future generations. By helping support me in these early stages, you are supporting the future of many and helping me make these dreams a reality! Thank you so much for taking the time to read this today and for your support.


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text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Welcome to the City of Mississauga's Older Adult website! Here you will find information for Older Adults, organized under each of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Age-Friendly Initiatives. Find out about what's going on in the City, the Older Adult Advisory Panel (OAAP), Mississauga's path to Age Friendly City designation and more.


text:
China to take over Uganda's main assets over unpaid rising huge debt
Published in World
Ugandan government is now at risk of losing its main state assets to China over unpaid huge increasing loans from Chinese government.
But according to Ugandan government, the growing debt is sustainable, and the country is not at risk of losing state assets to China, the country's finance minister, Matia Kasaija.
News reported in December last year that Kenyan government risks losing the lucrative Mombasa port to China if the country fail to repay huge loans advanced by Chinese lenders, but both Chinese and Kenyan officials have dismissed that the port's ownership is at risk.
Others think Chinese government are in some ways gangsters, taking over mines all over Africa, sending thousands of Chinese workers, destroy environment, bring the minerals such as copper, sink, gold, silver, diamonds etc home, and make deals with corrupt politicians to plunder the countries.
"The case is one of the examples of China's ambitious use of loans and aid to gain influence around the world and of its willingness to play hardball to collect," says the New York Times in December 12, 2017.
At a time in Somalia when local fishermen are struggling to compete with foreign vessels that are depleting fishing stocks, the government has granted 31 fishing licenses to China.
But Uganda's auditor-general warned in a report released this month that public debt from June 2017 to 2018 had increased from $9.1 billion to $11.1 billion.
The report — without naming China — warned that conditions placed on major loans were a threat to Uganda's sovereign assets.
It said that in some loans, Uganda had agreed to waive sovereignty over properties if it defaults on the debt — a possibility that Kasaija rejected.
"China taking over assets? … in Uganda, I have told you, as long as some of us are still in charge, unless there is really a catastrophe, and which I don't see at all, that will make this economy going behind. So, … I'm not worried about China taking assets. They can do it elsewhere, I don't know. But here, I don't think it will come," he said.
China is one of Uganda's biggest country-lenders, with about $3 billion in development projects through state-owned banks.
In December 2017, the Sri Lankan government handed its Hambantota port to China for a lease period of 99 years after failing to show commitment in the payment of billions of dollars in loans.
Also in September 2018, News reported that China was taking over Zambia's state power company and Kenneth Kaunda International Airport over unpaid debt rippled across Africa, despite government denials.
China's Exim Bank has funded about 85 percent of two major Ugandan power projects — Karuma and Isimba dams. It also financed and built Kampala's $476 million Entebbe Express Highway to the airport, which cuts driving time by more than half. China's National Offshore Oil Corporation, France's Total, and Britain's Tullow Oil co-own Uganda's western oil fields, set to be tapped by 2021.
Economist Fred Muhumuza says China's foot in Uganda's oil could be one way it decides to take back what is owed.
"They might determine the price, as part of recovering their loan," he said. "By having a foot in there they will say fine, we are going to pay you for oil. But instead of giving you $60 a barrel, you owe us. We'll give you $55. The $5 you are paying the old debt. But we are reaching a level where you don't see this oil being an answer to the current debt problem."
How Museveni has twisted Uganda's constitution to cling to power
China warns tech giants after US Huawei ban: report
Chinese firms seek Turkish partners in Africa: Turkish contractors' chief
Uganda Overwhelmed By Companies Wanting to Farm Marijuana
Only those with integrity will make my next cabinet – Buhari	Smart card readers mandatory for governorship polls – INEC


text:
Q: NocloassDefFound Error in Eclipse I get a java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/http/impl/conn/PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager when trying to build a maven project in eclipse. Where as it builds successfully on command line
I get the above mentioned class through the following dependency defined in the pom
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.4</version>
        </dependency>

--I tried, deleting the local repo and running the build with -U option but doesnt seem to fix the problem.
--When I look at the java build path in eclipse, it shows certain libraries missing. I  found newer versions of these jars in the local repo and added them in the eclipse java build path. But the build still fails for the same error
Note: I have one multimodule project in my eclipse workspace.
--I tried updating the project and verified if eclipse was using teh same settings.xml and local repo that the command line is.
--I am running a clean install
--Cleaning project also doesnt fix it
--I looked at the referrenced libraries and there is a class org/apache/http/impl/conn/PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager present. Dont know why it doesnt find it

A: If project builds on command line it should build in Eclipse as well. Reasons why it may not be the case include:

*

*settings.xml used by Eclipse is different, so Maven does not have access to same repos. This can be changed in preferences.

*Workspace resolution is picking code in dependent projects that have local changes and thus build fails

*Eclipse maven configuration is not up-to-date that can be fixed by using Maven->Update project .. option

Try that if it fails please clarify if you have one project in Eclipse or multiple and what errors exactly do you see.
Also note that sometimes maven build from command line will delete target folder and will cause Eclipse to run build in parallel re-using same target folder and resulting in inconsistent state.

A: Try Adding dependency for HttpCore library, the class exists there too
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>4.4.3</version>

A: So the problem was that I had two versions of http-client library. I excluded one of them from the pom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


During Valentine's Day weekend 2010, the fourth annual event of The Zebra Ball - Stars for the Stripes celebrates The Amethyst Edition and Chicago's Carcinoid Cancer/NETs Awareness Month at Hyatt Regency Chicago on The River Walk's Crystal Ballroom on February 13, 2010.
On February 10, 2007, the first annual benefit event, The Zebra Ball - Stars for the Stripes, was held at The Peninsula Chicago to support The Carcinoid Cancer Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization with a mission to encourage and support research in addition to educating the general public and healthcare professionals regarding carcinoid and related neuroendocrine tumors.
In conjunction with our fourth annual event of The Zebra Ball - Stars for the Stripes, Mayor Daley issued a proclamation that designates the month of February 2010 as Carcinoid Cancer/NETs Awareness Month in Chicago.
Zebra stripes are used to symbolize rare or "camouflaged" conditions. In medical schools as a reminder to consider uncommon alternatives when making a diagnosis, students are told, "When you hear hoof beats don't assume it's a horse, it might be a zebra." Wearing a zebra pin or a zebra-striped bracelet or ribbon shows your support to promote awareness and to fund the education and research needs related to carcinoid cancer.
On average, a new case of carcinoid cancer/NET is diagnosed every 45 minutes in the United States?
Over 90% of all carcinoid/NET patients are incorrectly diagnosed and treated for the wrong disease?
From initial onset of symptoms the average time to proper diagnosis exceeds five years?
The majority of specialists are not aware of current diagnostic and treatment options?
Abdominal pain, flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, bloating, heart palpitations, weakness, skin rash, and heartburn are the most prevalent carcinoid/NET symptoms?
This site is still under construction, so please check back for updates.


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The influence of layer waviness in thick cross-ply composite cylinders subjected to hydrostatic pressure is investigated. The cylinders considered are graphite-epoxy with a 2: 1 ratio of circumferential to axial layers. All cylinders considered contain 104 total layers with a layup of [90/(90/0/90h71s, where a '0° 1 layer is taken to be in the axial direction. The influence of a single isolated group of wavy layers in an otherwise perfect cylinder is evaluated. Layer waviness in only the circumferential direction is considered, and the analysis is assumed to be valid only away from the cylinder ends. A parametric investigation is performed to determine the combined influence of wave location, wave amplitude, and cylinder geometry on hydrostatic response of the cylinder, particularly the stresses generated in and around the wave. The wave is assumed to be located either at the inner or the outer radius of the cylinder. Three wave amplitudes, 0, are considered: 1/2, 1, and 2 layer thicknesses. Only waves with a half wave length of 10 layer thicknesses are considered. Three cylinder geometries are considered, specifically ones with radius to thickness ratios of 5, 10, and 20. Finite element analysis is used to determine the stress state within the imperfect, i.e., wave included, cylinders. Based on a maximum stress failure criterion, failure pressures are determined for each of the various wave and cylinder geometries. Failure pressures for the imperfect cylinders are compared with those for a perfect cylinder to determine the failure pressure reduction ratios due to fiber waviness. It is shown that pressure capacity reductions of approximately 50% are possible for the range of parameters studied. Failure is primarily due to fiber compression, though interlaminar shear and interlaminar tension are a factor. Finite element analysis is also used to deter ine the failure pressure of the perfect cylinder due to buckling. This is done to determine whether failure due to buckling may overshadow material failure due to fiber waviness. It is shown that buckling is a factor in only one of the cylinder geometries considered, and only in the cases of mild layer waviness. In addition to results, details about the finite element model are presented. These details include geometry of the wave, changes in material properties due to local fiber rotation and local volume fraction changes, boundary conditions, and justifications for modeling simplifications that were made in an effort to reduce computational costs and analysis times.


Please click here to perform an instant diagnostic scan for Microsoft 360 Phone Number as well as corresponding faults.
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When you've got Microsoft 360 Phone Number error then we strongly advise that you perform an error code scan.
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1. What exactly is Microsoft 360 Phone Number error code?
2. What can cause an Microsoft 360 Phone Number error code?
3. The right way to simply solve Microsoft 360 Phone Number error message.
What exactly is Microsoft 360 Phone Number error code?
A Microsoft 360 Phone Number error is the Hexadecimal format of the error code prompted. This is the common error format employed by Windows in addition to other Microsoft Windows compatible applications and driver manufacturers.
This kind of code is required by the vendor to recognize the error made. This Microsoft 360 Phone Number error message gives you a numeric value and a practical explanation. In some cases the error code could have more variables in Microsoft 360 Phone Number formatting .The additional numerical code are the location of your system sections where the guidelines are stored during the time of the error code.
What causes Microsoft 360 Phone Number error?
A Microsoft 360 Phone Number error code may be a result of Windows system data file malfunction. Corrupt system data files can be a substantial risk to the overall health of your laptop or computer.
There can be lots of situations which can cause a system file error. A partial installation, an incomplete uninstall, bad deletion of applications or devices. It can also be caused in the event your computer is contaminated with a trojan or adware attack or through an improper shut down of the laptop or computer. The preceding actions may well end up in the deletion or data corruption of Windows system files. This corrupted system file will give you absent and incorrectly connected documents and data files essential for the accurate operation of the software.
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1) Switch on the computer or laptop and sign on as the admin.
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text:
Spam and phishing in 2020
Figures of the year
Trends of the year
Contact us to lose your money or account!
Reputation, bitcoins or your life?
Attacks on the corporate sector
Messengers targeted
"Public relief" by spammers
Malicious links
Viral postal services
The corporate sector
"Nigerian" crooks making money from the pandemic
An unusual turn of events
Statistics: spam
Proportion of spam in email traffic
Sources of spam by country
Malicious email attachments
Malware families
Countries targeted by malicious mailshots
Statistics: phishing
Attack geography
TOP 10 countries by number of attacked users
Top-level domains
Organizations under attack
Tatyana Kulikova
Tatyana Shcherbakova
Tatyana Sidorina
In 2020:
The share of spam in email traffic amounted to 50.37%, down by 6.14 p.p. from 2019.
Most spam (21.27%) originated in Russia.
Kaspersky solutions detected a total of 184,435,643 malicious attachments.
The email antivirus was triggered most frequently by email messages containing members of the Trojan.Win32.Agentb malware family.
The Kaspersky Anti-Phishing component blocked 434,898,635 attempts at accessing scam sites.
The most frequent targets of phishing attacks were online stores (18.12 per cent).
In their email campaigns, scammers who imitated major companies, such as Amazon, PayPal, Microsoft, etc., increasingly tried to get users to contact them. Various pretexts were given for requesting the user to get in touch with "support": order confirmation, resolving technical issues, cancellation of a suspicious transaction, etc. All of these messages had one thing in common: the user was requested to call a support number stated in the email. Most legitimate messages give recipients constant warnings of the dangers of opening links that arrive by email. An offer to call back was supposed to put the addressees off their guard. Toll-free numbers were intended to add further credibility, as the support services of large companies often use these. The scammers likely expected their targets to use the provided phone number to get help instantly in a critical situation, rather than to look for a contact number or wait for a written response from support.
The contact phone trick was heavily used both in email messages and on phishing pages. The scammers were simply betting on the visitor to turn their attention to the number and unsettling warning message against the red background, rather than the address bar of the fake website.
We assume that those who called the numbers were asked to provide the login and password for the service that the scammers were imitating, or to pay for some diagnostics and troubleshooting services.
In 2020, Bitcoin blackmailers stuck to their old scheme, demanding that their victims transfer money to a certain account and threatening adversity for failure to meet their demands. Threats made by extortionists grew in diversity. In most cases, scammers, as before, claimed to have used spyware to film the blackmail victim watching adult videos. In a reflection of the current trends for online videoconferencing, some email campaigns claimed to have spied on their victims with the help of Zoom. This year, too, blackmailers began to take advantage of news sensations to add substance to their threats. This is very similar to the techniques of "Nigerian" scammers, who pose as real political figures or their relatives, offering tons of money, or otherwise link their messages with concurrent global events. In the case of bitcoin blackmail, the media component was supposed to be a strong argument in the eyes of the victim for paying the ransom without delay, so cybercriminals cited the example of media personalities whose reputation suffered because of an explicit video being published.
This year, we have seen threats made against companies, too. A company was told to transfer a certain amount to a Bitcoin wallet to prevent a DDoS attack that the cybercriminals threatened to unleash upon it. They promised to provide a demonstration to prove that their threats were real: no one would be able to use the services, websites or email of the company under attack for thirty minutes. Interestingly, the cybercriminals did not limit their threats to DDoS. As with blackmail aimed at individuals, they promised to damage the company's reputation even more, should it fail to pay up, by stealing confidential information, specifically, its business data. The attackers introduced themselves as well-known APT groups to add weight to their threats. For example, in the screenshot below, they call themselves Venomous Bear, also known as Waterbug or Turla.
The senders of an email that talked about a bomb planted in company's offices went much further with their threats. The amount demanded by the blackmailers was much larger than in previous messages: $20,000. To make their threats sound convincing enough, the cybercriminals provided details of the "attack": an intention to blow up the bomb if the police intervened, the substance used, the explosive yield and plans to threaten other blackmail victims with the explosion.
Theft of work accounts and infecting of office computers with malware in targeted attacks are the main risk that companies have faced this year. Messages that imitated business email or notifications from major services offered to view a linked document or attached HTML page. Viewing the file required entering the password to the recipient's corporate email account.
Reasons given for asking users to open a link or attachment could be varied: a need to install an update, unread mail, quarantined mail or unread chat messages. The cybercriminals created web pages that were designed to look like they belonged to the company under attack. URL parameters including the corporate email address were pushed to the fake page with the help of JavaScript. This resulted in the user seeing a unique page with a pre-entered email address and a design generated to imitate the company's corporate style. The appearance of that page could lull the potential victim into a false sense of security, as all they needed to do was enter their password.
During this type of attacks scammers began to make broader use of "voice messaging". The appearance of the messages imitated business email.
The link could lead directly to a phishing site, but there also was a more complex scenario, in which the linked page looked like an audio player. When the recipient tried playing the file, they were asked to enter the credentials for their corporate mailbox.
Demand for online videoconferencing amid remote work led to a surge in fake online meeting invitations. A significant distinctive feature, which should have alarmed the recipients of the fake invitations, were the details that the page was asking them to enter in order to join the meeting. To access a real Zoom meeting, you need to know the meeting ID and password. The fake videoconference links opened fake Microsoft and WeTransfer pages, which contained fields for entering the login and password for a work account.
Scammers who were spreading their chain mail via social networks and instant messaging applications began to favor the latter. Message recipients, mostly in WhatsApp, were promised a discount or prize if they opened a link sent to them. The phishing web page contained a tempting message about a money prize, award or other, equally desirable, surprises.
The recipient had to fulfill two conditions: answer a few simple questions or fill out a questionnaire, and forward the message to a certain number of their contacts. Thus, the victim turned into a link in the spam chain, while subsequent messages were sent from a trusted address, thus avoiding anti-spam filters.
Besides that, a message from someone that the recipient knew would have much more credibility. Thus, the chain continued to grow, and the scammers went on enriching themselves. After all, even if the victim did fulfill the conditions, getting that promised prize proved not so simple, as the "lucky" recipient was urged to pay bank commission.
Many governments did their best to help citizens during the pandemic. That initiative, together with the fact that people on the whole were willing to get payouts, became a theme for spam campaigns. Both individuals and companies were exposed to the risk of being affected by cybercriminals' schemes.
Messages offering financial aid to businesses hurt by the pandemic or to underprivileged groups could crop up in social media feeds or arrive through instant messaging networks. The main requirement for getting the funds was filling out a detailed personal questionnaire. Those who took the step found that a small commission was required as well. Real government payouts these days are made through public portals that also serve other purposes and do not require additional registration, questionnaires or commissions.
Cybercriminals who offered tax deductions to companies employed a similar scheme. As in the examples above, the reason provided for the easing of tax policy was the pandemic, and in particular, anticipation of a second wave of COVID-19.
However, offers of tax deductions and compensations were hiding not just the danger of losing money but losing one's account to the scammers, too, as many of the messages contained phishing links.
Email campaigns that promised compensation could also threaten computer security. Messages in Turkish, just as those mentioned earlier, offered a payout from Turkey's Ministry of Health – not always mentioned by name – but getting the money required downloading and installing an APK file on the recipient's smartphone. The attack was targeting Android users, and the downloadable application contained a copy of the Trojan-Dropper.AndroidOS.Hqwar.cf.
A fear of being infected with a new virus and a desire to know as much as possible about it could prompt recipients to review the email and open the links that it contained, as long as the message had been sent by a well-known organization. Fake letters from the WHO purporting to contain the latest safety advice were distributed in a variety of languages. The attachment contained files with various extensions. When the recipient tried to open these, malware was loaded onto the computer. In the message written in English, the attackers spread the Backdoor.Win32.Androm.tvmf, and in the one written in Italian, the Trojan-Downloader.MSOffice.Agent.gen.
COVID-19 was also mentioned in fake email messages that mimicked notifications from delivery services. The sender said that there was a problem with delivering an order due to the pandemic, so the recipient needed to print out the attachment and take it to the nearest DHL office. The attached file contained a copy of the HEUR:Trojan.Java.Agent.gen.
Spam that targeted companies also exploited the COVID-19 theme, but the cybercriminals occasionally relied on a different kind of tricks. For example, one of the emails stated that technical support had created a special alert system to minimize the risk of a new virus infection. All employees were required to log in to this system using their corporate account credentials and review their schedules and tasks. The link opened a phishing page disguised as the Outlook web interface.
In another instance, scammers were sending copies of the HEUR:Trojan-PSW.MSIL.Agensla.gen in the form of an email attachment. The scammers explained that the recipient needed to open the attached file, because the previous employee, who was supposed to send the "documentation", had quit over COVID-19, and the papers had to be processed within three days.
Email from "Nigerian" scammers and fake notifications of surprise lottery winnings regularly tapped the pandemic theme. The message in Korean shown below says that the recipient's email address had been selected randomly by some center in Istanbul for a coronavirus-related emergency payout. Such surprise notices of winnings and compensations were generally sent out in a variety of languages. Messages from some lucky individuals who had won a huge sum and wished to support their fellow creatures in the difficult times of the pandemic were another variation on the "Nigerian" scam.
Where messages were signed as being from a lawyer trying to find a new owner for no-man's capital, the sender emphasized that the late owner of the fortune had died of COVID-19.
Regular "Nigerian" scam email is easy to recognize: it talks about millionaires or their relatives trying to inherit a huge fortune or bequeath it to someone who bears the same last name. The public seems to have become so accustomed to that type of junk mail that it has ceased to react, so cybercriminals have come up with a new cover story. To avoid being found out right away, they refrain from mentioning astronomical sums of money, instead posing as a mother from Russia who is asking for help with her daughter's effort to collect postcards from around the world. The key point of this kind of messages is to get the potential victim to reply: the "mother's" request sounds absolutely innocent and easy to do, so it can resonate with recipients. If the victim agrees to send a postcard, they are in for a lengthy email exchange with the scammers, who will offer them to partake in a large amount of money by paying a small upfront fee.
"Nigerian" scammers are not the only ones that have been getting creative. Spammers who sent out their messages through website feedback forms employed yet another unusual trick. The messages were signed as being from an outraged graphic artist or photographer, their names changing with each new message. The sender insisted that the website contained their works and thus violated their copyright, and demanded that the content be taken down immediately, threatening legal action.
The deadline for meeting the demand was quite tight, as the scammers needed the victim to open the link as soon as possible, while pondering on the consequences of that action as little as possible. A law-abiding site owner was likely to do just that. This is confirmed by related discussions in various blogs, with the users reporting that they immediately tried checking what photographs they had "stolen". The links were not functional at the time the "complaints" were discovered, but in all likelihood, they had previously linked to malicious files or phishing programs.
The share of spam in global email traffic in 2020 was down by 6.14 p.p. when compared to the previous reporting period, averaging 50.37%.
Proportion of spam in global email traffic, 2020 (download)
The percentage of junk mail gradually decreased over the year, with the highest figure (55.76%) recorded in January and the lowest (46.83%), in December. This may be due to the universal transition to remote work and a resulting increase in legitimate email traffic.
The group of ten countries where the largest volumes of spam originated went through noticeable change in 2020. United States and China, which had shared first and second places (10.47% and 6.21%, respectively) in the previous three years, dropped to third and fourth. The "leader" was Russia, which was the source of 21.27% of all spam email in 2020. It was followed by Germany (10.97%), which was just 0.5 percentage points ahead of the United States.
Sources of spam by country in 2020 (download)
France gained 2.97 p.p. as compared to the year 2019, remaining fifth with 5.97%, while Brazil lost 1.76 p.p. and sunk to seventh place with 3.26%. The other countries in last year's "top ten", India, Vietnam, Turkey and Singapore, dropped out, giving way to the Netherlands (4.00%), which skipped to sixth place, Spain (2.66%), Japan (2.14%) and Poland (2.05%).
Attacks blocked by the email antivirus in 2020 (download)
In 2020, our solutions detected 184,435,643 dangerous email attachments. The peak in malicious activity, 18,846,878 email attacks blocked, fell on March, while December was the quietest month, with 11,971,944 malicious attachments, as it was in 2019.
TOP 10 malware families in 2020 (download)
Members of the Trojan.Win32.Agentb family were the most frequent (7.75%) malware spread by spammers. The family includes backdoors, capable of disrupting the functioning of a computer, and copying, modifying, locking or deleting data. The Trojan-PSW.MSIL.Agensla family was second with 7.70%. It includes malware that steals data stored by the browser, as well as credentials for FTP and email accounts.
Equation Editor vulnerability exploits, Exploit.MSOffice.CVE-2017-11882, dropped to third place with 6.55 percent. This family had topped the ranking of malware spread through spam in the previous two years.
Trojan.MSOffice.SAgent malicious documents dropped from second to fourth place with 3.41%. These contain a VBA script, which runs PowerShell to download other malware secretly.
In fifth place, with 2.66%, were Backdoor.Win32.Androm modular backdoors, which, too, are frequently utilized for delivering other malware to an infected system. These were followed by the Trojan.Win32.Badun family, with 2.34%. The Worm.Win32.WBVB worms, with 2.16%, were seventh. Two families, in eighth and ninth place, contain malware that carefully evades detection and analysis: Trojan.Win32.Kryptik trojans, with 2.02%, use obfuscation, anti-emulation and anti-debugging techniques, while Trojan.MSIL.Crypt trojans, with 1.91%, are heavily obfuscated or encrypted. The Trojan.Win32.ISO family, with 1.53%, rounds out the rankings.
TOP 10 malicious email attachments in 2020 (download)
The rankings of malicious attachments largely resemble those of malware families, but there are several subtle differences. Thus, our solutions detected the exploit that targeted the CVE-2017-11882 vulnerability more frequently (6.53%) than the most common member of the Agensla family (6.47%). The WBVB worm, with 1.93%, and the Kryptik trojan, with 1.97%, switched positions, too. Androm-family backdoors missed the "top ten" entirely, but the Trojan-Spy.MSIL.Noon.gen, with 1.36%, which was not represented in the families rankings, was tenth.
Spain was the main target for malicious email campaigns in 2020, its share increasing by 5.03 p.p. to reach 8.48%. As a result of this, Germany, which had topped the rankings since 2015, dropped to second place with 7.28% and Russia, with 6.29%, to third.
Countries targeted by malicious mailshots in 2020 (download)
Italy's share (5.45%) fell slightly, but that country remained in fourth place. Vietnam, which had previously rounded out the top three, dropped to fifth place with 5.20%, and the United Arab Emirates, with 4.46%, to sixth. Mexico, with 3.34%, rose from ninth to seventh place, followed by Brazil, with 3.33%. Turkey, with 2.91%, and Malaysia, with 2.46%, rounded out the rankings, while India, 2.34%, landed in eleventh place last year.
In 2020, Anti-Phishing was able to block 434,898,635 attempts at redirecting users to phishing web pages. That is 32,289,484 fewer attempts than in 2019. A total of 13.21% of Kaspersky users were attacked worldwide, with 6,700,797 masks describing new phishing websites added to the system database.
In 2020, Brazil regained its leadership by number of Anti-Phishing detections, with 19.94% of users trying to open phishing links at least once.
Geography of phishing attacks in 2020 (download)
The countries with the largest numbers of attempts at opening phishing websites in 2018 "topped the rankings" again in 2020: Brazil, with 19.94%, in first place, and Portugal, with 19.73%, in second place. Both countries' indicators dropped remarkably from 2019, Brazil "losing" 10.32 p.p. and Portugal, 5.9 p.p. France, which had not been seen among the ten "leaders" since 2015, was in third place with 17.90%.
Venezuela, last year's "leader", had the largest numbers in the first two quarters of 2020, but came out eighth overall, the share of attacked users in that country decreasing by 14.32 p.p. to 16.84%.
Country Share of attacked users (%)*
Brazil 19.94
Portugal 19.73
France 17.90
Tunisia 17.62
French Guiana 17.60
Qatar 17.35
Cameroon 17.32
Venezuela 16.84
Nepal 16.72
Australia 16.59
* Share of users on whose devices Anti-Phishing was triggered out of all Kaspersky users in the country in 2020
Most scam websites, 24.36% of the total number, had a .com domain name extension last year. Websites with a .ru extension were 22.24 p.p. behind with 2.12%. All other top-level domains in the "top ten" are various country-code TLDs: the Brazilian .com.br with 1.31% in third place, with Germany's .de, (1.23%), and Great Britain's .co.uk (1.20%) in fourth and fifth places, respectively. In sixth place was the Indian domain extension .in, with 1.10%, followed by France's .fr with 1.08%, and Italy's .it with 1.06%. Rounding out the rankings were the Dutch .nl, with 1.03%, and the Australian .com.au, with 1.02%.
Most frequent top-level domains for phishing pages in 2020 (download)
The rating of attacks by phishers on different organizations is based on detections by Kaspersky Lab's Anti-Phishing deterministic component. The component detects all pages with phishing content that the user has tried to open by following a link in an email message or on the web, as long as links to these pages are present in the Kaspersky database.
Last year's events affected the distribution of phishing attacks across the categories of targeted organizations. The three largest categories had remained unchanged for several years: banks, payment systems and global Internet portals. The year 2020 brought change. Online stores became the largest category with 18.12%, which may be linked to a growth in online orders due to pandemic-related restrictions. Global Internet portals remained the second-largest category at 15.94%, but their share dropped by 5.18 p.p. as compared to 2019, and banks were third with a "modest" 10.72%.
Online games and government and taxes dropped out of the "top ten" in 2020. They were replaced by delivery companies and financial services.
Distribution of organizations targeted by phishers, by category in 2020 (download)
With its pandemic and mass transition to remote work and online communication, last year was an unusual one, which was reflected in spam statistics. Attackers exploited the COVID-19 theme, invited victims to non-existent video conferences and insisted that their targets register with "new corporate services". Given that the fight against the pandemic is not over yet, we can assume that the main trends of 2020 will stay relevant into the near future.
The general growing trend of targeted attacks on the corporate sector will continue into next year, all the more so because the remote work mode, increasingly popular, makes employees more vulnerable. Users of instant messaging networks should raise their guard, as the amount of spam and phishing messages received by their mobile devices is likely to grow as well. Besides, the number of email messages and schemes exploiting the COVID-19 theme one way or another has a high likelihood of rising.
Malicious spam
Phishing websites
Spam Statistics
Spammer techniques
Thematic phishing
Thematic spam
Spam and phishing in Q3 2021