text:
President of Iran
Head of Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
President of the
Seal of the Presidential Administration of Iran
since 3 August 2021
His Excellency [1]
Expediency Discernment Council
Supreme National Security Council
Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution
Presidential Administration
(working)
Sa'dabad Palace
(ceremonial and residence)
Pasteur, Tehran
Appointer
Direct vote
Four years, renewable once
Inaugural holder
Abolhassan Banisadr
February 4, 1980;42 years ago (1980-02-04)
First Vice President of Iran
$10,947 annually [2]
The president of Iran (Persian : رئیس‌جمهور ایران, romanized: Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The president is the second highest-ranking official of Iran after the Supreme Leader.
Qualifications and election
Powers and responsibilities
Oath of office
Commentary on the presidency in constitution
Latest election
The president is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in by the Parliament and the Supreme Leader has the power to dismiss the elected president if he has either been impeached by Parliament or found guilty of a constitutional violation by the Supreme Court. [3] The president carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader, who functions as the country's head of state. [4] [5] Unlike the executive in other countries, the president of Iran does not have full control over the government, which is ultimately under the direct control of the Supreme Leader. [4] [5] Before elections, the nominees must be approved by the guardian council to become a president candidate. Members of the guardian council are chosen by the supreme leader. [6] The president of Iran is elected for a four-year term by direct vote and is not permitted to run for more than two consecutive terms.
Chapter IX of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates. The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the Supreme Leader. [7] [8] The president functions as the executive of the decrees and wishes of the Supreme Leader, including: signing treaties with foreign countries and international organizations; and administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs. [9] [10] [8] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] The president also appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament, as well as to that of the Supreme Leader, who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers and vice presidents at any time, regardless of the president or parliament's decision. [16] [17] [18] The Supreme Leader also directly chooses the ministers of Defense, Intelligence, Foreign Affairs, and Interior, as well as certain other ministries, such as the Science Ministry. [19] Iran's regional policy is directly controlled by the office of the Supreme Leader with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' task limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions. All of Iran's ambassadors to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the Quds Corps, which directly reports to the Supreme Leader. [20]
The current long-time Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, ruling Iran for more than three decades, has issued decrees and made final decisions on economy, education, environment, foreign policy, national planning, and almost everything else in the country. [20] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] Khamenei has also made final decisions on the degree of transparency in elections in Iran, [7] and has fired and reinstated presidential cabinet appointments. [16] [17]
The current president of Iran is Ebrahim Raisi, who assumed office on 3 August 2021, after the 2021 presidential election. He succeeded Hassan Rouhani, who served 8 years in office from 2013 to 2021.
Presidential Administration of Iran, office of the President
Politics of Iran
Government of Islamic Republic of Iran
Supreme Leader
Ali Khamenei
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
Assembly of Experts
Chairman: Ahmad Jannati
President (list)
First Vice President (list)
Mohammad Mokhber
Supervisor of Presidential Administration
Gholamhossein Esmaeili
Government of Raisi
Islamic Consultative Assembly
Speaker: Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
Supreme Audit Court
Guardian Council
Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Ezhe'i
Mohammad Jafar Montazeri
Islamic Revolutionary Court
Special Clerical Court
General Inspection Office
High Council for Human rights
Supreme Councils
Secretary: Ali Shamkhani
Chairman: Sadeq Larijani
Ostandari City Council
Recent and future elections
Presidential:
Legislative:
Experts:
Political parties and factions
Inside government
Reformists
Principlists
Outside government
Monarchism
Pan-Iranism
Islamic Government
Propaganda in Iran
Minister: Hossein Amir-Abdollahian
Diplomatic missions of / in Iran
Nationality law
Visa policy
Taxation in Iran
Armed forces of Iran
Iranportal
Politicsportal
After the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and referendum to create the Islamic Republic on March 29 and 30, the new government needed to craft a new constitution. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, ordered an election for the Assembly of Experts, the body tasked with writing the constitution. [21] The assembly presented the constitution on October 24, 1979, and Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini and Prime Minister Mehdi Bazargan approved it.
The 1979 Constitution designated the Supreme Leader of Iran as the head of state and the President and Prime Minister as the heads of government. The post of Prime Minister was abolished in 1989.
The first Iranian presidential election was held on January 25, 1980, and resulted in the election of Abulhassan Banisadr with 76% of the votes. Banisadr was impeached on June 22, 1981, by Parliament. Until the early election on July 24, 1981, the duties of the President were undertaken by the Provisional Presidential Council. Mohammad-Ali Rajai was elected president on July 24, 1981, and took office on August 2. Rajai was in office for less than one month because he and his prime minister were both assassinated. Once again a Provisional Presidential Council filled the office until October 13, 1981, when Ali Khamenei was elected president.
The election on August 3, 2005 resulted in a victory for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The election on June 12, 2009 was reported by government authorities as a victory for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the incumbent candidate, although this is greatly disputed by supporters of rival candidates, who noted the statistical anomalies in voting reports and large-scale overvoting in the officially announced tallies. [22]
Ali Khamenei, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad Khatami, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Hassan Rouhani were each elected president for two terms.
The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the Supreme Leader. [7] The President of Iran is elected for a four-year term in a national election by universal adult suffrage by everyone of at least 18 years of age. [23] Presidents can only be reelected once if in a consecutive manner. [24] Candidates for the presidency must be approved by the Council of Guardians, a twelve-member body consisting of six clerics (selected by Iran's Supreme Leader) and six lawyers (proposed by the Supreme Leader-appointed head of Iran's judicial system, and voted in by the Parliament). [25] According to the Constitution of Iran candidates for the presidency must possess the following qualifications:
Iranian origin;
Iranian nationality;
administrative capacity and resourcefulness;
a good past record;
trustworthiness and piety; and
convinced belief in the fundamental principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the official madhhab of the country. [26] [27]
Within these guidelines the Council vetoes candidates who are deemed unacceptable. The approval process is considered to be a check on the president's power, and usually amounts to a small number of candidates being approved. In the 1997 election, for example, only four out of 238 presidential candidates were approved by the council. Western observers have routinely criticized the approvals process as a way for the Council and Supreme Leader to ensure that only conservative and like-minded Islamic fundamentalists can win office. However, the council rejects the criticism, citing approval of so-called reformists in previous elections. The council rejects most of the candidates stating that they are not "a well-known political figure", a requirement by the current law.
The President must be elected with a simple majority of the popular vote. If no candidate receives a majority in the first round, a runoff election is held between the top two candidates.
According to the Iranian constitution, when the President dies or is impeached, a special provisional Presidential Council temporarily rules in their place until an election can be held. The President automatically becomes the Head of the Supreme National Security Council and the Head of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution.
Presidential Guard
The President's duties include the following, subject to supervision and approval by the Supreme Leader:
Second in command (after Supreme Leader) of the executive branch of government and chairperson of the cabinet
The deputy commander-in-chief of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army
Declare a state of emergency after passage by the parliament (The proclamation of martial law is forbidden.)
Head (Presided) of the Supreme National Security Council
Head (Presided) of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution
Appointment of first Vice President of Iran and other Vice Presidents
Nomination of Cabinet members to the Parliament
Sends and receives all foreign ambassadors
Issue executive orders
Issue medals in honor of service for the nation
Signature of treaties, protocols, contracts, after the approval of the Islamic Parliament of Iran
The President is obliged to sign the legislation approved by the Parliament, or the result of a referendum, after it is forwarded to them and the legal stages are covered, and to forward to the relevant authorities for implementation. (He has no right to veto).
some of these duties require the approval of the Supreme Leader. [28]
I, as the President, upon the Holy Qur'an and in the presence of the Iranian nation, do hereby swear in the name of Almighty God to safeguard the official Faith, the system of the Islamic republic and the Constitution of the country; to use all my talents and abilities in the discharge of responsibilities undertaken by me; to devote myself to the service of the people, glory of the country, promotion of religion and morality, support of right and propagation of justice; to refrain from being autocratic; to protect the freedom and dignity of individuals and the rights of the Nation recognized by the Constitution; to spare no efforts in safeguarding the frontiers and the political, economic and cultural freedoms of the country; to guard the power entrusted to me by the Nation as a sacred trust like an honest and faithful trustee, by seeking help from God and following the example of the Prophet of Islam and the sacred Imams, peace be upon them, and to entrust it to the one elected by the Nation after me.
TIME Magazine noted that presidential elections in Iran change nothing as Supreme Leader Khamenei — and not the President — wields the ultimate power. [29] Tallha Abdulrazaq, an Iraqi researcher at the University of Exeter's Strategy and Security Institute, stated that Khamenei, the longtime Supreme Leader of Iran, always uses the president as a kind of a buffer zone between him and the people. "Anything that goes right, Khamenei then can say 'I am the wise leader who put this guy in charge and he made the right policy decisions.' Anything that goes wrong, he can say 'we should get rid of this guy. He is not good for the country, he is not good for you.'" [30]
Main article: 2021 Iranian presidential election
Ebrahim Raisi Combatant Clergy Association 18,021,945 72.35
Mohsen Rezaee Resistance Front of Islamic Iran 3,440,835 13.81
Abdolnaser Hemmati Executives of Construction Party 2,443,387 9.81
Amir-Hossein Ghazizadeh Hashemi Islamic Law Party 1,003,650 4.03
Total 24,909,817 100.00
Valid votes
24,909,817 86.64
Invalid/blank votes
3,840,919 13.36
28,750,736 100.00
Registered voters/turnout
Source: Fars News
Advisor to the President of Iran
Aide to the President of Iran
Chief of Staff of the President of Iran
First Lady of Iran
List of presidents of Iran
The Guardian Council, is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei is a Twelver Shia marja' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously the third president of Iran from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei is the longest serving head of state in the Middle East, as well as the second-longest serving Iranian leader of the last century, after Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was an Iranian politician, writer, and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the first Speaker of the parliament from 1980 and to 1989 and the fourth president of Iran from to 1997. He was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until 2011 when he decided not to nominate himself for the post. He was also the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council.
Ali Ardeshir Larijani is an Iranian conservative politician, philosopher and former military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, who served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Iran from 2008 to 2020. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council.
Presidential elections were held in Iran 17 June 2005, with a second round run-off on 24 June. Mohammad Khatami, the previous President of Iran, stepped down on 2 August 2005, after serving his maximum two consecutive four-year terms according to the Islamic Republic's constitution. The election led to the victory of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the hardline mayor of Tehran, with 19.48% of the votes in the first round and 61.69% in the second. Factors thought to have contributed to Ahmadinejad's victory include mobilization of mosque networks and conservative/hardline voters, and a protest vote against corrupt elite insiders and for "new political blood". A loyal supporter of conservative Supreme Leader Khamenei, Ahmadinejad kissed the leader's hand during his authorization ceremony. Officials reported a turnout of about 59% of Iran's 47 million eligible voters, a decline from the 63% turnout reported in the first round of balloting a week before.
Mehdi Karroubi is an Iranian Shia cleric and reformist politician leading the National Trust Party. Following 2009–2010 Iranian election protests, Karroubi was put under house arrest in February 2011 – reportedly ordered by the Supreme Leader of Iran – without officially being charged, although he is accused of being a "seditionist" and "traitor". As of 2021, he is still confined to his house.
Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh is an Iranian reformist politician, artist and architect who served as the forty-ninth and last Prime Minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989. He was a reformist candidate for the 2009 presidential election and eventually the leader of the opposition in the post-election unrest. Mousavi served as the president of the Iranian Academy of Arts until 2009, when Conservative authorities removed him.
Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi was an Iranian Twelver Shia cleric and conservative politician who was the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council from 14 August 2017 until his death on 24 December 2018. He was previously the Chief Justice of Iran from 1999 to 2009.
Ali Akbar Velayati is an Iranian conservative politician and physician. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council. Velayati is a distinguished professor at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, senior adviser to the Supreme Leader in international affairs and head of the board of founders and the board of trustees of the Islamic Azad University.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, born Mahmoud Sabbaghian, is an Iranian conservative politician who served as the sixth president of Iran from 2005 to 2013. He is currently member of the Expediency Discernment Council. He was known for his hardline views and nuclearisation of Iran. He was also the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country, and served as mayor of Tehran from 2003 to 2005, reversing many of his predecessor's reforms.
Sayyid Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei is a son of Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran. He served in the Iran–Iraq War from 1987 to 1988. He also reportedly took control of the Basij militia that was used to suppress the protests over the 2009 election.
Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei is an Iranian conservative politician and former intelligence officer. As a senior Cabinet member in the administration of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, he served as Chief of Staff from 2009 to 2013, and served as the fourth first vice president of Iran for one week in 2009 until his resignation was ordered by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
The Cabinet of Iran is a formal body composed of government officials, ministers, chosen and led by a President. Its composition must be approved by a vote in the Parliament. According to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the President may dismiss members of the cabinet, but must do so in writing, and new appointees must again be approved by the Parliament. The cabinet meets weekly on Saturdays in Tehran. There may be additional meetings if circumstances require it. The president chairs the meetings. The Supreme Leader has the power to dismiss cabinet members like ministers and vice presidents, as well as the President, at any time, regardless of the Parliament's decisions.
The Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad consists of the 9th and 10th governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Ahmadinejad's government began in August 2005 after his election as the 6th president of Iran and continued after his re-election in 2009. Ahmadinejad left office in August 2013 at the end of his second term. His administration was succeeded by the 11th government, led by Hassan Rouhani.
The parliamentary election for the 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly, or Majlis, were held in Iran on Friday, 2 March 2012 with a second round on 4 May 2012 in those 65 districts where no candidate received 25% or more of the votes cast. More than 5,000 candidates registered but more than a third were disqualified by the Guardian Council leaving about 3,400 candidates to run for the 290 seat representing the 31 provinces.
The Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader directs the executive system and judicial system of the Islamic theocratic government and is the commander-in-chief of the Iranian Armed Forces. The Supreme Leader is the highest-ranking political and religious authority of Iran.
Hassan Rouhani is an Iranian politician who served as the seventh president of Iran from 2013 to 2021. He is also a sharia lawyer ("Wakil"), academic, former diplomat and Islamic cleric. He has been a member of Iran's Assembly of Experts since 1999. He was a member of the Expediency Council from 1991 to 2021, and also was a member of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2021. Rouhani was deputy speaker of the fourth and fifth terms of the Parliament of Iran (Majlis) and Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2005. In the latter capacity, he was the country's top negotiator with the EU three, UK, France, and Germany, on nuclear technology in Iran, and has also served as a Shia mujtahid, and economic trade negotiator.
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani served as the fourth president of Iran from 1989 until 1997.
↑ "HH The Amir, President of Iran Give Joint Press Statements". Qatar Embassy in London. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
↑ "حقوق رئیس جمهور و نمایندگان چقدر است؟". Mashreghnews.ir. 2019-06-29. Archived from the original on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
↑ Erdbrink, Thomas (2011-10-25). "Iran's supreme leader floats proposal to abolish presidency". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2019-12-21. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
1 2 (see Article 110 of the constitution)
1 2 Axel Tschentscher. "ICL - Iran - Constitution". Servat.unibe.ch. Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
↑ "Council of Guardians | Definition, Role, Selection, & History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2021-02-18. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
1 2 3 "Leader outlines elections guidelines, calls for transparency". Tehran Times. 2016-10-15. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
1 2 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Archived 2017-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 5-23-2008
1 2 "Iran's Khamenei hits out at Rafsanjani in rare public rebuke". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
1 2 "Khamenei says Iran must go green - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
1 2 Louis Charbonneau and Parisa Hafezi (16 May 2014). "Exclusive: Iran pursues ballistic missile work, complicating nuclear talks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
1 2 "IranWire - Asking for a Miracle: Khamenei's Economic Plan". Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
1 2 "Khamenei outlines 14-point plan to increase population". Al-Monitor. 2014-05-22. Archived from the original on 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
1 2 "Iran: Executive, legislative branch officials endorse privatization plan". www.payvand.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
↑ Ali Vafadar (1995). The constitution and political change. p. 559.
1 2 "Iranian lawmakers warn Ahmadinejad to accept intelligence chief as political feud deepens". CP. Archived from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
1 2 "BBC NEWS - Middle East - Iranian vice-president 'sacked'". Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
↑ Amir Saeed Vakil,Pouryya Askary (2004). constitution in now law like order. p. 362.
↑ "Did Khamenei block Rouhani's science minister?". Al-monitor.com. 2017-10-23. Archived from the original on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
1 2 "Khamenei Orders New Supervisory Body to Curtail Government". ASHARQ AL-AWSAT English Archive. 2017-09-25. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
↑ "Assembly of Experts". Archived from the original on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
↑ "Moussavi vows to 'pay any cost' to fight Iran election results". CNN. 2009-06-15. Archived from the original on 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
↑ "شوراي نگهبان افزايش سن رأي‌دهندگان از 15 سال به 18 سال را تأييد كرد". www.ilna.ir. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
↑ "constitution" (PDF). www.wipo.int. Retrieved 26 December 2020. .
↑ Bazzi, Mohamad (12 June 2009). "Iran Elections: Latest News". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
↑ Constitution of Iran Archived 2018-08-21 at the Wayback Machine Article 115 - Qualifications
↑ "قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران". Majlis.ir. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
↑ "functions". www.president.ir. Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
↑ "Iran's Election Will Change Nothing". Time. Archived from the original on 2017-05-21. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
↑ "Elections won't change much. Iran still belongs to Khamenei". TRT World. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Presidents of Iran .
The President's Office
Iran Electoral Archive - President
Head of government of Iran
Prime Minister of Iran
1989–present Incumbent
Iran topics
3400–539 BC
Kura-Araxes culture (3400–2000 BC)
Proto-Elamite civilization (3100–2700 BC)
Elamite dynasties (2700–540 BC)
Akkadian Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
Lullubi (c.2300–675 BC)
Kassites (c.1595–c.1155 BC)
Kingdom of Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–609 BC)
Urartu (860 BC–590 BC)
Median Empire (678–549 BC)
Scythian Kingdom (652–625 BC)
Neo-Babylonian Empire (626–539 BC)
550 BC–AD 224
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Atropatene (c.323 BC–AD 226)
Kingdom of Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC)
Frataraka (c.295–220 BC)
Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
Parthian Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
Kings of Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
AD 224–651
Sasanian Empire (AD 224–651)
Medieval and
Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
Samanid dynasty (819–999)
Tahirid dynasty (821–873)
Alavid dynasty (864–928)
Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)
Ziyarid dynasty (931–1090)
Buyid dynasty (934–1062)
Ghaznavid Empire (977–1186)
Ghurid dynasty (1011–1215)
Seljuk Empire (1037–1194)
Anushtegin dynasty (1077–1231)
Eldiguzids (1135/36-1225)
Kart dynasty (1244–1381)
Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
Muzaffarid dynasty (1314–1393)
Jalayirid Sultanate dynasty (1335–1432)
Chobanid dynasty (1338–1357)
Timurid Empire (1370–1507)
Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans (1374–1468)
Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans (1378–1508)
Safavid Empire (1501–1736)
Afsharid Empire (1736–1796)
Zand Dynasty (1751–1794)
Qajar Empire (1789–1925)
Khanates of the Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
1908 bombardment of the Majlis
Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
1921 Persian coup d'état
Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–)
Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979)
Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
Iran crisis of 1946
Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
1953 coup d'état
Iranian Revolution (1979)
Islamic Republic
Interim Government (1979)
March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
1979 Khuzestan insurgency
Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
Iranian Embassy siege (1980)
Nojeh coup plot (1980)
Iran–Iraq War (1980–88)
Interim Government of Iran (1981)
1987 Mecca incident
Iran Air Flight 655 shootdown (1988)
KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
PJAK conflict (2004–)
2009 Iranian presidential election protests
Syrian civil war (2011–)
International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
United States withdrawal (2018)
2017–2018 Iranian protests
2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
Ancient Persians
Greater Iran
Persianization
Persianate society
Turco-Persian
Indo-Persian
Iranian dynasties and countries
Iranic peoples
Jiroft culture
Aryans
Azerbaijanis
Peoples of the Caucasus
Monarchs of Persia
Heads of state of Iran
History of democracy in classical Iran
Years in Iran
twin towns and sister cities
Iranian Azerbaijan
Iranian Balochistan
Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
Iranian Kurdistan
Iranian plateau
Lake Urmia
Constitution (Persian Constitutional Revolution)
Elections (2009 presidential)
Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Human rights (LGBT)
Military (Army
Navy)
Ministry of Intelligence
Nuclear program (UN Security Council Resolution 1747)
Terrorism (state-sponsorship allegations)
White Revolution (1963)
Women's rights movement
Assembly (or Council) of Experts
Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
Local councils
Provincial governors
Bonyad (charitable trust)
Companies (Automotive industry)
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
Economic Reform Plan
International oil bourse
International rankings
Iran and the World Trade Organization
Main economic laws
Economy of the Middle East
Milad Tower and complex
Military equipment manufactured
Rial (currency)
Space Agency
Setad
Tehran Stock Exchange
Venture capital (Technology start-ups)
Agriculture (fruit)
Shetab Banking System
Health care (Pharmaceuticals)
Petroleum (Anglo-Persian Oil Company)
Telecommunications and IT (TCI)
Transport (airlines
shipping)
State-owned
Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
National Development Fund
Asaluyeh industrial corridor
Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
Kish Island Free Trade Zone
Neo-Aramaic
Iranian languages
Iranian citizens (abroad)
Armenians
Assyrians
Circassians
Georgians
Bahá'í Faith (persecution)
Zoroastrians (persecution)
Education (higher
scientists and scholars
universities)
Water supply and sanitation
Architecture (Achaemenid
architects)
Art (modern /contemporary)
Calendars (Persian New Year (Nowruz))
Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
Intellectual movements
Iranians
Iranian studies
Islam (Islamization)
Media (news agencies (student)
newspapers)
National Jewels
National symbols (Imperial Anthem)
Opium consumption
Persian name
Sport (football)
Ey Iran
Anti-Iranian sentiment
Tehrangeles
Presidents of Iran (list)
Abolhassan Banisadr (1980–1981)
Mohammad-Ali Rajai (1981)
Ali Khamenei (1981–1989)
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (1989–1997)
Mohammad Khatami (1997–2005)
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2005–2013)
Hassan Rouhani (2013–2021)
Ebrahim Raisi (2021–present)
Ministries of Iran
Communications and Information Technology
Economic Affairs and Finance
Science, Research and Technology
Culture and Islamic Guidance
Sport and Youth
Roads and Urban Development
Industry, Mine and Trade
Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare
Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism


My name is Valerie a professional caterer specialising in wild plants. I have been living in the Herault region 18 years ago and leraned to recognize the use of wild plants in various forms and I am pleased to be able to share my knowledge with you.
14:30 creation of medical and cosmetic balms using only wild plants. At the end of this course you will leave with balms you have prepared yourself.


Enjoy your garden or outdoor space even on chilly nights, with our range of outdoor fireplaces.
Transform your patio and improve the ambience, by making a feature of staying work and cosy. Our outdoor fireplaces look stunning, plus keep you and your guests warm.
The efficient flue chimneys direct smoke up and away from the fire, keeping the area smoke free while you enjoy the warmth and light.
Our four stylish Norwegian designs even make an excellent BBQ too!
For a limited period we are offering free delivery and setup within a 20 mile radius.
Contact us to order or for further information or download the brochure.


text:
Q: SSH from host machine Win7 to guest Fedora Machine in VirtualBox I'm using VirtualBox on Windows 7 to run Fedora 7. I seem to have my SSH on, as /sbin/service sshd status tells me. When I do an /sbin/ifconfig, I get this:
eth0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:CF:5A:0B
       inet addr:10.0.2.15  Bcast:10.0.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
I do an ssh 10.0.2.15 from inside Fedora, and connect back to the guest machine.
When I do an ipconfig on my Windows machine, I get this information:
Ethernet adapter VirtualBox Host-Only Network:

    Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . :
    Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::b42c:a852:a0e8:1636%19
    IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.56.1
    Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
When I now use PuTTY, to connect to 192.168.56.1, it says connection refused. Connection to 10.0.2.15 times out.
SSH service is running. I have disabled SELinux. Also, I have allowed ssh as a trusted service in system-configure-securitylevel. I have tried to switch the firewall completely, but it turns back on automatically.

A: Found the solution. The manual contains it all. Thanks Bender.
VBoxManage setextradata "Linux Guest"
"VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/guestssh/Protocol" TCP
VBoxManage setextradata "Linux Guest"
"VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/guestssh/GuestPort" 22
VBoxManage setextradata "Linux Guest"
"VBoxInternal/Devices/pcnet/0/LUN#0/Config/guestssh/HostPort" 2222

A: I'd suggest not turning off the firewall if your VM has internet access. Try running service network restart (pretty sure it works in Fedora) or simply type ifdown eth0 then ifup eth0. Try connecting to your newly supplied address.
You could also set it statically for example:
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
Give the sshd service a restart too for good measure, then try to connect to 192.168.1.100.

A: You seem to have a simple networking issue.
The IP Networks for your two machines are different.
Try changing your hosted Fedora IP address to 192.168.56.2 and mask 255.255.255.0.
To confirm this, try to ping from one machine to the other without the changes I suggest above. They should be unreachable both-ways.

A: In your VirtualBox settings for your Fedora 7 VM, set the network adapter to "bridged adapter", and choose your primary ethernet card. This will put the VM on the same subnet as your Windows 7 machine, and Fedora should pick up an IP address from your dhcp server. If you're not using dhcp, configure the Fedora 7 adapter (within Fedora) manually.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Clayton Adams – Head of Operations at IIS
Introducing… Clayton Adams
Clayton is the Head of Operations at IIS. While Clayton is one of the newest members of the team, he already has a deep understanding of the IIS business and philosophy having previously spent several years as the IIS account manager at Global Custodian BNP Paribas. In this BNP role Clayton has been heavily involved in the establishment of the initial IIS funds and fund hosting operational model. Clayton is also very familiar with the IIS team, having worked alongside Anthony Edmonds and Andrew Brockway at AMP Capital Investors in the late 1990's, so jumped at the chance to bring the band back together when the opportunity arose to join IIS at the end of last year.
A Wellington native Clayton had spent much of his career working in fund operations and trading roles in London and Europe before returning home in 2015 to be closer to friends and family. When he's not in the office you can find Clayton running around the hills and beaches of Wellington's south coast, gardening, cooking, or walking the dog (Beauden) with his wife Lynda and two young kids, Mia and Tom.
Phil Howison2019-05-27T00:52:54+12:00May 27th, 2019|

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I had a patient come into my office today in terrible shape.
His thirty-seven year old son died suddenly four days ago.
I was amazed that he came for his appointment…but also knew that because he was there that I could help him.
Of course, there was no way that I could bring his son back…but I could help him to deal with the grief from his loss.
I was not surprised that he had just come down with a cold…because grief damages the Lungs.
Ah, the Lungs, the Lungs. Our link to heaven.
They are also the seat of our grief, of our loss and of letting go.
There is a story in Traditional Chinese Medicine about the Lungs. The Lungs are thought to be these very beautiful and sparkling, porous membranes, the uppermost of our organs and therefore those which communicate most closely with heaven. It is believed that when the Lungs are moist and healthy, then all the treasures of heaven can rain upon us.
What it feels like to have this experience is – magic. When it feels like we have our inspiration and our magic…as if everything we touch "turns to gold"…then we know that the link to heaven is clear.
When we feel worn out, uninspired, sad & disconnected — it is time to treat the Lungs.
So, when this man had his acupuncture this morning….many of the points I used were to strengthen his Lungs, to release grief, to lighten the burden of the grief, to moisten the Lungs. I sent him home with an herb formula which included Lily Bulb, Astragalus and Ophiopogonis to strengthen the Qi and Yin of his Lungs….to aid in his difficult process.
I asked him to please share the formula with his wife, who surely needed it as well.
I asked them to eat pears — and lotus root — both which strongly nourish the lungs.
The Lungs, interestingly, are also considered to be the "Metal" element, and are the most impacted in the Autumn…which would be — beginning around now. During mid-to-late August, September and October the air gets quite dry and many people develop symptoms of Lung dryness…which of course makes them more vulnerable to invasion of external pathogens.
Moreover, the whole concept of "everything you touch turns to gold" links directly to the concept of the Lungs as the most precious Metal element. The Lungs also link us with our ancestors, with "ghosts", with our fathers and with our whole spiritual side – namely prayer.
The Lungs are also expressed in the condition of the skin…so when the skin is dry, the Lung Yin is exhausted.
Now back to my favorite subject: Food.
Here's my Lotus Root obsession: it is extremely cool stuff because it has the dual medicinal quality of nourishing/moistening the Lungs while concurrently gathering and expelling mucous.
It is prized and special. In asian art and culture, you often see the Lotus represented in an inspired way – because it so strongly affects the Lungs – it is therefore thought of as our link to heaven.
It is a devastating thing when we lose someone we love. We should remember…in a very small way, that there is help for us. There is a way to find our way back, a way to lighten our grief.
We again can have a beautiful and sparkling connection to heaven; we can get our magic back, we can gain perspective.
In a time of so much grief in the world, we need to care for our lungs.
By caring for our Lungs, we can keep on living.


Already know most of the regulars of the servers as ive played for a few years.
Why I Deserve to be Part of Killzine Gaming: Chilled out and there to have fun, I believe that i help people that are new or getting started and just enjoy the community and start conversations rather than having everyone yell and be angry mic spammers. Ive had years of experience being an admin from minecraft to nearly every AUS skill surf server (except KP) lmao, ran the most populated 102.4 t server for about a year, and not looking for anything above admin or mod in the future just want to be able to stop any mic spammer and other people ruining the mood/breaking the rules.
Vouching Players: OMGWhizzBoyOMG, theres more im just not on the server rn.
Have known Jackie for years now and hes always a fun guy to be around. He also did a very good job when he was head admin on lethal, was always fair and engaging, would be keen to see him on the staff team again!
Don't know you, but you seem to have some great experience and a solid staff vouch. I look forward to getting to know you better. Good luck.
I would love to get to know you a bit more before i cast a vote. I'm on nearly every day as well so i'm hoping we bump into each other soon. Good luck.


Thank you for visiting my blog. My name is Aom. I'm a little monster and collector from Thailand. I like Lady Gaga very much, but never imagined myself collecting her stuffs like this amount before. At first I just wanted to buy only 3 standard cds, but when I saw other stuffs on the internet, I could not resist to buy and that my collecting spree started. From one cd to ten or more, magazines, some tour merchandises and perfume set. I am not rich but I do not regret buying them. It's because I like Gaga, so I want to support her and this is one way of another to show her how I support her work and music.


text:
Home / Coronavirus Latest News Illinois / Illinois Latest News / Illinois News / Illinois Press Release Distribution / Illinois announces 26 additional deaths, 786 new cases of coronavirus
Illinois announces 26 additional deaths, 786 new cases of coronavirus
6/28/2020 10:54:00 pm Coronavirus Latest News Illinois, Illinois Latest News, Illinois News, Illinois Press Release Distribution
Saturday's coronavirus numbers remained steady with those seen over the past few weeks, which indicates that Illinois continues to make good progress in its reopening. The state also avoids the pandemic spikes currently sweeping through many southern and western states.
Vice President Mike Pence called off campaign events in Florida and Arizona this coming week as the states experience a surge in new coronavirus cases. Illinois Cryptocurrency News
Here's what happened today in the fight against the Coronavirus in Chicago, the state and the nation.
Another 26 people have died of the coronavirus in Illinois, public health officials announced Saturday, raising the state's pandemic death toll to 6,873.
The Illinois Department of Public Health also said an additional 786 people have tested positive for COVID-19, increasing the total case count to 141,077, although the vast majority have since recovered. Illinois Stock Market
The new cases were found among the latest 30,237 tests processed; in all, more than 1.5 million Illinoisans have been tested for coronavirus. The test positivity rate over the past week remained at 3%.
As coronavirus cases surge in US, rural areas seeing increases as well
For many states and counties in the U.S., the dark days of the coronavirus pandemic in April unfolded on their television screens, not on their doorsteps. Illinois Sports News But now, some places that appeared to have avoided the worst are seeing surges of infections, as worries shift from major cities to rural areas.
While much of the focus of concerns that the United States is entering a dangerous new phase has been on big Sunbelt states that are reporting thousands of new cases a day — like Texas and Florida — the worrying trend is also happening in places like Kansas, where livestock outnumber people.
In early June, Kansas looked to be bringing its outbreak under control, but its daily reported case numbers have more than doubled in recent weeks. On June 5, the seven-day average for daily new cases hovered at around 96; by Friday, that figure was 211. As cases rise, the U.S. Army commander at Fort Riley in the state's northeast ordered his soldiers to stay out of a popular nearby restaurant and bar district after 10 p.m.
Idaho and Oklahoma have seen similarly large percentage increases over the same three-week period, albeit from low starting points. In Oklahoma, the seven-day average for daily new cases climbed from about 81 to 376; Idaho's jumped from around 40 to 160.
Governors face mixed messages, competing voices as reported coronavirus cases rise
LAS VEGAS — As Nevada prepared to start reopening parts of its economy last month, a team of medical experts recommended to Gov. Steve Sisolak that he require people wear masks in public to help stop the spread of the coronavirus.
The governor promoted masks but resisted making them a requirement, saying he feared the rule could create a backlash for businesses trying to enforce the order on customers.
With reported coronavirus cases rising the past four weeks, Sisolak on Wednesday finally decided to take their advice and impose the mandate, saying it was necessary to protect people and keep businesses open.
"People aren't wearing these," he said, holding up and waving a cloth face mask. "It is troubling and it is really Illionios Political News discouraging that this has become a partisan issue about whether or not people want to wear a mask."
Source - https://chicago.suntimes.com/essential-coronavirus-news/2020/6/27/21305306/raindrops-reps-and-relief-on-first-day-of-illinois-phase-4-reopening-live-updates
Illinois announces 26 additional deaths, 786 new cases of coronavirus Reviewed by Press Release Power on 6/28/2020 10:54:00 pm Rating: 5
Illinois Press Release Distribution


Philip is an experienced Construction Professional with over 20 years' experience, who has worked predominantly in the North East construction sector for most of his career. Starting out in the industry as a Site Engineer, he worked his way to Director & Managing Director for established regional organisations before moving to the client side with Northumbria University, to assist in the delivery of a 5-year Master Plan.
Since that time, Philip has worked for an international consultancy offering Project Management services to key clients Nationwide.
Basing himself back in the North East, Philip is now with the Planning & Development team at GSC Grays, to bring his experience in assisting with the successful delivery of various schemes in our development pipeline. Philip has expertise in on the interrogation of development costs to improve client receipts on development sales, the planning and delivery of infrastructure provision on site and the management of construction work from refurbishment to new build and conversion projects.
Philip brings Project Management & Commercial Management skills to our team, as well as experience of a wide range of construction projects in various sectors, all key to delivering effective risk management.
Away from work Philip is a keen football fan who enjoys golf, walking and spending time with the family .


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<recipeml version="0.5">
  <recipe>
    <head>
      <title>Basic Lean White Bread and Variation</title>
      <categories>
        <cat>Bread machi</cat>
        <cat>Low fat</cat></categories>
      <yield>16</yield></head>
    <ingredients>
      <ing>
        <amt>
          <qty/>
          <unit/></amt>
        <item>1 1/2 Lb Loaf:; (1 Lb Loaf):</item></ing>
      <ing>
        <amt>
          <qty>1 1/2</qty>
          <unit>teaspoons</unit></amt>
        <item>Active Dry Yeast; (1 T)</item></ing>
      <ing>
        <amt>
          <qty>3</qty>
          <unit>cups</unit></amt>
        <item>Bread Flour; (2 C)</item></ing>
      <ing>
        <amt>
          <qty>1 1/2</qty>
          <unit>teaspoons</unit></amt>
        <item>Salt; (1 T)</item></ing>
      <ing>
        <amt>
          <qty>1 1/2</qty>
          <unit>teaspoons</unit></amt>
        <item>Sugar; (1 T)</item></ing>
      <ing>
        <amt>
          <qty>1 1/4</qty>
          <unit>cups</unit></amt>
        <item>Water; (3/4 C + 1 T)</item></ing></ingredients>
    <directions>
      <step>  This airy, crusty, loaf is perfect sandwich bread fro tuna fish, peanut
  butter or lettuce and tomato.  If you don't slice it too thick, it will
  even fit into a low-calorie diet. Since this recipe has no shortening, the
  bread will turn stale, after only one day, but it will still make fine
  toast, especially good for a fried egg sandwich.

  Variation I used: Decreased the bread flour to 2 1/2 C and added 1/2 C
  yellow cornmeal. Added 2 T sesame seeds

  It really made it a totally different bread.

  Entered into MasterCook and tested for you by Reggie Dwork
  reggie@reggie.com
  From: Bread-Bakers Archives: ftp.best.com/pub/reggie/archives/bread/recipe

  Recipe By     : The Best Bread Machine Cookbook Ever, Madge Rosenberg

</step></directions></recipe></recipeml>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Need a Toronto Custody Support Divorce Lawyer?
Toronto Divorce Lawyer Referral Service.
Offer Free Half Hour Consultations.
Need Legal Aid? Need Legal Advice? Need to Talk to a Lawyer?
Lawyers, who are Law Society members, approve and recommend CanLaw and use our services in their own law firms. Looking For An Experienced Toronto Divorce Lawyer?
If you are seeking a Toronto divorce lawyer, our Toronto custody support referral service will find you the best family law Divorce lawyer or family law firm.
If you've got any type of legal problem you need a top ranked custody, access or Toronto support lawyer.
Have you been arrested or charged with domestic violence? CanLaw will locate the best Toronto criminal domestic violence law firm to defend you.
CanLaw will refer you to the right separation lawyers.
When you have a legal matter and need a Toronto paternity lawyer or law firms we will help. There is never any charge whatsoever for our service. Just fill out this Toronto lawyer referral form and we will get right to work helping you.


text:
Biden's "Infrastructure" Bill Is Filled With Pork – Report Finds Most Is Going Straight To Joe's Climate Change Agenda
By Ben Dutka|April 1, 2021
President Joe Biden unveiled his gigantic infrastructure bill this week, and Democrats quickly applauded the proposal. The administration wants to spend billions on fixing many of America's biggest issues.
However, Republicans condemned the bill, saying it's less about improving the country's infrastructure, and more about delivering liberal goodies (aka "pork).
And as it turns out, most of the funds aren't directly related to our infrastructure.
Democrats have frequently been accused of hiding a huge amount of agenda items in pieces of legislation. It has been reported that many of Biden's bills so far cater strongly to leftist ideals.
It appears this latest bill is no different, as revealed by the fact sheet summary of the bill.
While billions would be spent on shoring up roads, railways and airports, many more billions are slated to be spent on one of the most popular Democrat talking points.
In fact, only a small percentage of this "infrastructure" bill actually involves infrastructure (via Breitbart):
President Joe Biden detailed his massive infrastructure spending proposal Wednesday, but only about 25 percent of the $2.5 trillion bill funds basic infrastructure, according to a fact sheet summary of the bill.
Sure, there's money set aside to repair much of America's crumbling transportation system: $639 billion all told.
That includes $115 billion for the roads, $25 billion for airports, and $17 billion for coastal ports and land ports of entry. Then there's $85 billion to modernize our woefully out-of-date railway system.
The legislation would also help replace the country's lead pipes and service lines, and upgrade drinking and waste systems.
But that does not comprise the bulk of the bill.
Actually, the other 75 percent features colossal spending on climate change agenda items:
The rest of the bill's spending includes massive spending on climate change initiatives such as development for electric vehicles and charging stations, electric school buses and federal vehicles, and clean energy technology.
It doesn't end there, either.
The bill holds a whopping $213 billion for affordable housing, and somewhat vaguely defined "research training and development programs."
The bottom line is that of the total $2.5 trillion that taxpayers would have to shell out for this legislation, only about one-quarter of that money will go directly toward fixing America's infrastructure.
This is why so many taxpayers are unhappy with some of the recently passed bills.
They're paying for things they simply don't agree with. And while this has always been the case with government, now it feels like more and more of our money is going to support one political agenda.
There's no denying that the infrastructure needs help. But many citizens will say this bill is more about politics (as usual) than anything else.
In Biden's $2.5T infrastructure bill, only about 25% of that money will go directly toward improving America's infrastructure.
The rest is slated for climate change initiatives and other liberal talking points, like affordable housing.
Taxpayers have become more disenfranchised with the government. More money appears to be spent on things they just don't agree with.
Source: Breitbart


text:
Project Finance & PPPsadmin2019-12-01T08:16:02+00:00
The Philippine Constitution espouses a policy that the State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments. In line with this policy, the Build-Operate-Transfer Law (BOT Law) came into being in 1990 and later amended in 1994. As the basic law that governs Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the Philippines, it authorized the financing, construction, operation and maintenance of infrastructure projects by the private sector, to be implemented through various BOT schemes. In 2013, the National Economic and Development Authority issued the Revised Guidelines and Procedures for Entering into Joint Venture Agreements between Government and Private Entities pursuant to its mandate under Executive Order No. 423, s. 2005. This paved the way for broader participation by the private sector in services which the government traditionally provides. Local government units have likewise adopted their respective PPP Codes. It is our commitment to actively participate in these transactions to assist the country in creating long-term solutions to bridge its infrastructure gap and drive inclusive growth.
We have advised the proponent of the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) Project on various project and financing matters, which also involved the drafting, review and negotiation of several contracts required for the project's commercial operation, which it achieved in the first quarter of 2005.
We have advised Private Infra Dev Corporation (PIDC), the concessionaire for the Tarlac-Pangasinan La Union Expressway (TPLEX) Project, a major tollway project launched by the Philippine Government under the BOT Law, on matters relating to its project development, shareholder transactions and project financing. The project successfully achieved financial closing and initial funding in the second half of 2011 and was acclaimed as the Asia-Pacific Transport Deal of the Year for 2011 by Euromoney PLC's Project Finance magazine. In 2015, we assisted the company in obtaining NEDA Board approval for the project's expansion into four lanes and drafted the agreements and documents needed for its implementation.
We advised a bidding consortium for the Manila LRT1 Cavite Extension, Operation and Maintenance Project for the initial bidding in 2013 and its re-bidding in 2014, by assessing legal issues and risks associated with the project based on due diligence, drafting all correspondences with the Special Bids and Awards Committee, and reviewing qualification and bid documents of the client to ensure compliance with the bid rules. We also reviewed and commented on the drafts of the concession agreement and attended one-on-one meetings with representatives of the Philippine Government's transaction advisor, Department of Transportation and Communications, Department of Finance, Light Rail Transit Authority and their local and foreign counsel.
In 2015, we provided legal support to the Philippine Government's transaction advisor in connection with the completion of the legal and institutional analysis portion of the feasibility study for an airport project.
In 2014 to 2015, we advised a bidding consortium for the Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project, by assessing legal issues and risks associated with the project, drafting all correspondences with the Special Bids and Awards Committee, and reviewing the qualification documents of the client to ensure compliance with the bid rules. We also reviewed and commented on the drafts of the concession agreement and attended meetings with representatives of the Philippine Government's transaction advisor, MWSS and their legal counsel.
We have advised a client on various modes of undertaking local water projects, recommending the best option to do so, and had the opportunity to review various PPP codes of local government units in the country in completing our study.
In order to properly advise our clients, we keep ourselves abreast of the current international best practices on project finance and PPPs through regular trainings here and abroad.


text:
Planning, Preservation & Sustainability
Submit Development Applications
Board of Architectural Review (BAR)
Access information about the Board of Architectural Review.
Board of Zoning Appeals - Site Design
Find information about the Board of Architectural Review.
Board of Zoning Appeals - Zoning
The Board hears requests for zoning variances and special exceptions to traditional zoning regulations such as use, building setbacks, height restrictions, and parking requirements. The Board also hears appeals to staff decisions on these matters.
Design Review Board (DRB)
The purpose of Design Review is "to establish a review process that will protect and improve the visual and aesthetic character and economic value" of development within the City of Charleston.
Plat/Subdivision Review
Check out the plat/subdivision review.
The City of Charleston Planning Commission is a group of citizens of Charleston appointed by the mayor and City Council to serve as a citizen advisory group for the council on planning related issues.
Site Plan Review
Access the site plan review.
Technical Review Committee
The Technical Review Committee reviews site plans and subdivisions for compliance with City of Charleston codes.


Knights of Creativity Spirit & Ale: It's not everyday that, while driving to work in your truck, you run over and kill a goat.
It's not everyday that, while driving to work in your truck, you run over and kill a goat.
Fortunately, this was not one of those days... again!
And Springtime traditionally means Bock beers: a bottom fermenting lager that generally takes extra months of lagering (cold storage) to smooth out such a strong brew. Bock beer in general is stronger than your typical lager, more of a robust malt character with a dark amber to brown hue. Hop bitterness can be assertive enough to balance though must not get in the way of the malt flavor, most are only lightly hopped.
I'm not exactly sure the true origins of Bock beer. I have read that in medieval days German monasteries would brew a strong beer for sustenance during their Lenten fasts. Some believe the name Bock came from the shortening of Einbeck thus "beck" to "bock."
I do know that this beer has become a symbol of better times to come and moving away from winter (though it was also brewed for other special occasions and religious festivals such as Christmas).
According to an article written by Jay R. Brookal: March used to signal the end of the brewing season in the days before refrigeration, when the weather became too warm to brew. In Germany, they brewed beer for Oktoberfest, known as Marzen — German for March — in the waning weeks of the season. It was then laid down to age until it was ready, just in time to celebrate Oktoberfest. Today, of course, marzens are made year-round.
Similarly, in France and Belgium, they brew a beer known as Biere de Mars, or March beer. It's similar to the Biere de Garde style — light and malty with a hint of spices — but is meant to be enjoyed immediately and not aged for any length of time.
Others believe it is more of a pagan or old world influence that the beer was only to be brewed during the sign of the Capricorn goat, hence the goat being associated with Bock beers (There is another explanation below).
This poster is one of a series of reprints of original advertising used in the early 1900's by the Spaten Brewery. The discovery of these vintage advertising posters was found buried deep in their warehouse in Germany.
German's rank their bockbiers as the most malty and heaviest lagers in the world and warn they are to be sipped not guzzled. Generally little hop aroma in the nose or on the finish and little bitterness, with colour that can range from blond to black. Many Bock beers feature imagery of goats on the label. Bock means billy goat in German.
1882 Early American Bock Beer bar poster.
Yes, it's Springtime. Go Bock and have another beer!
Well you convinced me to ditch my beloved dark brews this weekend and search for a good stiff clean Bock at the hypermart... I love things that are "in season", its the natural way to live.
The uTube video was wild! How that car didn't roll I don't know? Love the old Goat Bock posters! Not a fan of Bock beer though, sorry!


Courtyard Stockholm Kungsholmen, located in the center of the city, is a stylish respite for modern travelers. Embrace contemporary relaxation in spacious hotel rooms, featuring complimentary Wi-Fi, flat-screen TVs, thoughtful amenities and oversized windows with breathtaking views of Lake Malaren and Ralambshovs Park. Explore Stockholm's most celebrated attractions, including Old Town, Friends Arena, Ericsson Globe and City Hall. Host flawless meetings and events in sophisticated and flexible venues, enhanced by custom catering. After a day of work or leisure, savor handcrafted, locally inspired cuisine at BJORK Bar & Grill, our hotel's signature restaurant. With bike rentals, a fitness center and attentive guest service, our hotel ensures absolute comfort and convenience for your visit to Stockholm, Sweden.
Host spectacular Stockholm events at our hotel in well designed venues with state-of-the-art technology, expert planning and personalized catering.
Thanks to our dedication to providing each guest with a positive experience, we're a 2017 recipient of the TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence.
Stay in the city center at the gateway to some of Sweden's most famous attractions, along with great shopping, dining and live entertainment.


The 'Noorderhoofd' (also called the low lighthouse of Westkapelle or 'Westkapelle Laag') is the second lighthouse in Westkapelle next to the high lighthouse in the village.
The tower is red, with a white band. The light from the tower has three colors; red, white and green. They are separated by a kind of curtain. The white light sector is 6,000 candela, the red and green both 1,800 candela.
Furthermore Lighthouse Noorderhoofd - Westkapelle is near the following sights: Lighthouse 't Hoge Licht - Westkapelle (±1,4 km) & Polderhuis (±1,4 km).


Chop the onion finely and sautee in the butter, once the onions are lightly browned add the potatoes and the egg and salt and mix well. Add in the flour. Knead the dough until it forms a ball. Roll the dough on a floured board to a thickness of 1/2 cm. Cut or shape into circles.
Cook on a hot oiled pan till both sides are brown.
You may also add spinach or cheese, to the above mix.
To make a fish cake, you can just add cod, tuna or salmon to the potato mix.


While Siver has a decent number of fights under his belt, he's a paltry 1-3 against the higher level competition of the UFC. Mohr also hasn't had much success in the UFC, going 1-2 and losing his only PPV appearance, a first round defeat by Manny Gamburyan. Both come from kickboxing backgrounds, so expect this to stay standing, where Mohr's reach and speed may give him the a slight edge. Prediction: Mohr, 2nd round TKO.
Egan's a local recruit with a sparse, but unblemished, record in small promotions. Hathaway at least has 2-1/2 years of experience behind him, yet he hasn't really been challenged. At just 41 years of age combined and with no real credentials to either's credit, this fight is impossible to call. Prediction: Egan, 1st round TKO.
Drwal fell to Thiago Silva in his UFC debut as a 5-to-2 underdog. He kept the fight standing, but was unable to go punch for punch with Silva. While he is highly acclaimed in Europe, he has yet to find similar attention in the U.S. Serati has fought his way up through the Italian MMA scene to make his UFC debut here. He is a powerful former boxer with 7 of his 10 wins coming by stoppage less than 1 minute into the first round. Drwal is the all-around better fighter, but Serati has KO power and Drwal had trouble staying away from Silva's strikes. Prediction: Serati, 1st round TKO.
Schafer has a 2-2 record in the UFC, with losses to Stephan Bonnar and Michael Bisping, though he rebounded with a first round submission win over Houston Alexander in September. Schafer has a strong submission and grappling background and will look to take this to the ground early against a strong striker. Mendes was submitted via the strikes of Thiago Silva in his UFC debut. His kicks and knees should be the key to this fight, if he can keep it standing. Prediction: Mendes, 3rd round TKO.
Kampmann had been on a roll, winning his first 4 UFC bouts, including 3 in the 1st round. That came to an end when he took a beating from Nate Marquardt en route to a 1st round TKO loss in September. Kampmann has now moved down to welterweight, where his size may be an advantage. He will have a height and reach advantage over Barros, a Brazilian product who is making his UFC debut. Barros has 3 more fights than Kampmann, a career that spans all the way back to 1999. He hasn't fought many opponents of note, with the exception of a loss to Matt Hughes in 2000. Kampmann's experience and size advantage should propel him back into contender status. Prediction: Kampmann, 2nd round TKO.
David underperformed in has last fight, though he's won 7 of his last 8 in the Octagon. The only mar is a decision loss to a very tough opponent, Mike Swick. Lytle, while experienced, really struggled in his last fight where he stole a controversial decision win despite being a 7-to-2 favorite. He lost two of three prior to that, so despite the widely-trumpeted fact that he has never been knocked out or submitted, he still has lost his fair share of fights and taken his share of beatings. Unless Lytle's standup has improved greatly from his last flop, expect Davis's superior boxing to pick him apart. Prediction: Davis, 3rd round TKO.
Once a feared jiu-jitsu expert, Horn is on his way out. He's lost 4 of his last 6 overall, including 2 straight UFC losses, both surprisingly by submission. Palhares is coming off a respectable decision loss to Dan Henderson that ended a streak of 6 straight first round victories. Palhares may be able to one-up Horn in his specialty, the jiu-jitsu department, though Horn's much longer limbs give him a bit of a physical edge. Palhares may be green, but Horn's just playing the gatekeeper role here. Nonetheless, this will likely be a chess game between two submission experts, so I'll take the bonus bucks with the underdog. Prediction: Horn by decision.
Belcher edged out a decision win against Ed Herman to bounce back from a surprisingly loss to Jason Day, a fight in which he was a 4-to-1 favorite. He's an unimpressive 4-3 in the UFC. Kang, a PRIDE veteran, is making his UFC debut and was once ranked among the top fighters in the world. He's fallen off a bit lately, losing 3 of his last 6, but his experience will prove too much for Belcher who has yet to prove himself. Prediction: Kang, 1st round TKO.
While Mark Coleman is a true legend of the sport, the fact that he is still fighting is either laughable or pathetic, depending on your perspective. He has lost his last 3 in the Octagon; granted, the most recent of those losses was over a decade ago. Despite beginning his career in 1996, he has fought less than two dozen times, most recently in 2006, and ended his career on a 3-4 run. Not ironically, his last win was against Rua, though it was due to a freak elbow dislocation in the first round. Rust could be a concern, as Rua's knee injury has kept him from fighting since his September 2007 loss to Forrest Griffin, a shocking upset. Coleman shouldn't even be in the ring and Rua is more talented and out for revenge, making for what should be a very lopsided fight. Prediction: Rua, 1st round TKO.
This is a battle of two all-star veterans, both of whom are on the decline and shouldn't be headlining a pay-per-view at the moment. Nonetheless this should be an interesting match-up in styles and strategies. Franklin has won 12 of his last 14 dating back to 2004, and both of those losses were to Anderson Silva. The only other fighter to defeat him in his storied career is Lyoto Machida. Henderson is only 1-2 since coming to the UFC, but those losses were to elite opponents in Quinton Jackson and Anderson Silva. This is only Franklin's second fight at Light Heavyweight, though he wasn't outmuscled by the ox known as Matt Hamill in his last fight. Henderson has held titles at both middleweight and light heavyweights, so he's comfortable jumping around weight classes as well. This is a close fight, but Franklin should be able to pepper Henderson with strikes from stand-up. Franklin's shown good ability to handle different fighting styles and his recent win over Matt Hamill should provide a model for this fight. Prediction: Franklin by decision.


text:
Are Routine Pelvic Exams A Must? Evidence Is Lacking, Task Force Says
By Patti Neighmond
Even if you don't get an annual pelvic exam, every woman age 21 to 65 who has a cervix should get a Pap smear every three to five years, federal health officials advise.
An influential advisory panel says there's not enough evidence to determine whether annual pelvic exams should be routine for women who aren't pregnant and have no symptoms of disease.
"We basically concluded that we didn't have enough evidence to recommend for or against," says Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an internist and epidemiologist at the University of California, San Francisco who chaired the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force panel asked to evaluate the best evidence on whether the exam is a good screening method.
Her panel, which calls for more rigorous research on the question, reported its recommendation Tuesday in JAMA, the journal of the American Medical Association. In absence of solid evidence one way or the other, the panel advises that each woman confer with her doctor about when and how often she should get a pelvic exam, given her age, medical history and other factors.
A pelvic exam, typically performed by an obstetrician-gynecologist or other primary care provider, is done to manually check the overall health of a woman's reproductive organs, including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
Traditionally, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has recommended the exam annually for all women 21 years of age and older.
"Probably the reason physicians say most often that they think a pelvic exam may be important is for detection of ovarian cancer," Bibbins-Domingo says.
But in 2014, the American College of Physicians, a group representing doctors of internal medicine, published clinical guidelines of its own, challenging the accuracy of the routine exam in detecting ovarian cancer among women who don't have symptoms.
The exam shouldn't be used as a screening tool, the ACP said, because there's no good evidence it picks up ovarian cancer, and the downside of its use among healthy women is significant — false positives can lead to needless anxiety for the patient and additional testing or even surgery that's more invasive and costly.
Anyone who hoped Bibbins-Domingo's independent panel, which included OB-GYNs and internists, would settle the question will be disappointed.
But Dr. George Sawaya, a researcher and OB-GYN from the University of California, San Francisco, who wrote an editorial accompanying the USPSTF recommendations, says the group's call for better research is, nonetheless, significant.
"We live in an era where it's really important to make sure we have really excellent evidence when it comes to prevention," Sawaya says. "We don't want to harm well people in our pursuit of trying to make them more well in the future."
The panel does recommend that any woman with symptoms such as unexplained bleeding, pain or signs of infection consult her doctor right away.
"If a woman has concern about anything going on with her body she should absolutely schedule a visit with her doctor, and doctors should do the appropriate exams to understand symptoms," says Bibbins-Domingo.
And while the ACOG still recommends yearly pelvic exams for all women 21 and older, in a statement issued on Tuesday, the medical society says it plans to evaluate whether it needs to update its guidance on routine pelvic exams.
The federal recommendation still stands, Sawaya says, that every woman age 21 to 65 who has a cervix get a Pap smear every three to five years. There's good evidence, he says, that the periodic Pap test (which is often done in conjunction with a pelvic exam), can be a highly effective screening test for cervical cancer.
Patti Neighmond
Award-winning journalist Patti Neighmond is NPR's health policy correspondent. Her reports air regularly on NPR newsmagazines All Things Considered, Morning Edition, and Weekend Edition.
See stories by Patti Neighmond


Have you ever dreamed about owning a cutting edge, modern condominium in downtown Chicago? Think about it – you wake up to a yellow beam of light peaking through your window just as the sun rises over Lake Michigan with the smell of new paint still fresh in your nose. We at The Home Loan Expert in Chicago have news for you – this could be your new reality!
The Home Loan Expert offers prospective homebuyers and refinancers the option of a Jumbo Loan to make dreams like this come true. This high-dollar loan currently has a minimum loan limit of $453,100 and is just about perfect for anyone looking to take the plunge into Chicago's luxury housing market.Our extensive expertise and understanding of Chicago's housing market is not something many lenders share. When applying for such a large loan, it is imperative that the agent you're working with understands the concerns that come along with such an undertaking. Let us walk you through the basics of the Jumbo Loan so you can decide if it's the right choice for you.
When applying for a Jumbo Loan, there are options with no PMI, fixed and adjustable rate options, and purchase, rate, and term refinance. There are even cash out refinance options available as well!
Buying a home is stressful enough, how can The Home Loan Expert help me?
The Home Loan Expert provides speed, service, and security that not all lenders can match. We can even preapprove you for your Jumbo Loan on the same day that you step into our office. You will be paired up with one of your expert agents who will be your only point of contact throughout the entire application process from your preapproval to the close of the loan. We want to save you the unnecessary stress of bouncing around from person to person trying to receive important information about your home so that we can ensure we get you into your new home in a timely manner.
We want you to feel confident that you made the right decision to work with The Home Loan Expert on your new Jumbo Loan so that you can focus on turning the key and opening the door to your new home. Chicago's real estate market is red-hot and ready for you to make your investment. Stop by our Chicago office and visit The Home Loan Expert today!


text:
Your search for "Architectural criticism" returned 11 hits
Displaying hits 1-11 of 11
Douglas Putnam Haskell papers, 1866-1979-(bulk 1949-1964). [Avery]
... folder titles, and therein materials are arranged alphabetically by location and building title. Douglas Putnam Haskellan (1899-1979) was an American writer, architecture critic and magazine editor...
Columbia University, Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation. Posters, publicity, and publications, 1980s-2020 [Avery]
... for its academic programs. Architectural criticism Architectural design Architecture and history Lectures and lecturing Schools of architecture New York (State) New York Posters aat Architects aat Columbia...
Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Archives : correspondence, 1885 - 1965 [Avery]
... and teaching Architecture United States History 20th century Architectural criticism Architects and patrons United States Masselink, Eugene, 1910-1962 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr94012404 Wright, Frank...
Columbia University. Graduate School of Architecture Planning and Preservation : Wednesday Night Lecture Series audio recordings, 1973 - 1985 [Avery]
... in 2020. Lectures and lecturing New York (State) New York Architecture and history Architectural design Architectural criticism Schools of architecture New York (State) New York Sound recordings aat...
Frederick Gutheim papers, 1939 - 1997 [Avery]
.... Frederick Gutheim papers, 1952-1980, MS0244-UA, Special Collections Research Center, The George Washington University. Frederick Gutheim (1908-1993) was an urban planner, historian and architectural critic...
Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Archives : Taliesin Fellowship talk transcripts and audio recordings, 1948-1956 [Avery]
....) Taliesin West (Scottsdale, Ariz.) Architects United States Architecture Study and teaching Architecture United States History 20th century Architectural criticism Sound recordings aat Open reel audiotapes...
James S. Russell papers, 1981-2005 [Avery]
..., Avery Archivist, in 2013. American Institute of Architects http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79053945 Architectural record Architectural criticism Architectural critics Architectural journalism Editing...
Henry Hope Reed papers, 1911-1998 [Avery]
...-drawings@library.columbia.edu. Henry Hope Reed (1915-2013) was an American author, architecture critic and advocate of classical architecture. Along with writing and giving New York City walking tours, Reed served curator of Central...
Peter Blake architectural records and papers, 1910-2006 bulk 1980-2002 [Avery]
... Study and teaching Architectural design Study and teaching Architectural criticism Architectural critics Architectural journalism Architectural photography Architectural writing Architects United States...
Alan Burnham papers, 1874-1999 bulk 1940-1982 [Avery]
.... In 1931, he moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to attend Harvard University. There, he would meet lifelong friends, Henry Hope Reed, architectural critic, and Wayne Andrews, architectural photographer, who...
Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Archives : manuscripts, 1894-1959 bulk 1894-1959 [Avery]
... Architecture Study and teaching Architecture United States History 20th century Architectural design Study and teaching Architectural criticism Architectural writing Wright, Frank Lloyd, 1867-1959 http...
Avery Drawing & Archives (11)
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 1867-1959 (5)
Burnham, Alan, 1913-1984 (2)
Aalto, Alvar, 1898-1976 (1)
Andrews, Wayne. (1)
Barragán, Luis, 1902-1988 (1)
More names (26 more) »
Bayley, John Barrington, 1914-1981 (1)
Creighton, Thomas H., 1904-1984 (Thomas Hawk) (1)
Davis, Andrew Jackson, 1826-1910 (1)
Franzen, Ulrich, 1921-2012 (1)
Grotz, Paul. (1)
Hazen, Joseph E. (1)
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell, 1903-1987 (1)
Johnson, Philip, 1906-2005 (1)
Kiesler, Frederick. (1)
Kohler, Sue A. (1)
Krasner, Lee, 1908-1984 (1)
Larson, Roy E. (1)
Le Corbusier, 1887-1965 (1)
Lessing, Lawrence. (1)
Luce, Henry Robinson, 1898-1967 (1)
McQuade, Walter. (1)
Mumford, Lewis, 1895-1990 (1)
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 1822-1903 (1)
Paine, Ralph D.,--Jr. (1)
Pollock, Jackson, 1912-1956 (1)
Prentice, Perry I. (1)
Tanner, Ogden. (1)
Tunnard, Christopher. (1)
Wilson, Ann. (1)
Withers, Frederick Clarke, 1828-1901 (1)
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 1867-1959--Philosophy. (1)
Architectural criticism (9)
Architects--United States (5)
Architectural writing (5)
Architecture--United States--History--20th century (5)
Architecture--Study and teaching (4)
Architectural critics (3)
Architectural design (2)
Architectural design--Study and teaching (2)
Architectural photography (2)
Architecture and history (2)
Architecture--New York (State)--New York (2)
Municipal Art Society of New York (2)
Parks--New York (State)--New York (2)
Schools of architecture--New York (State)--New York (2)
Taliesin Fellowship (2)
American Institute of Architects.--Housing Committee (1)
American Institute of Architects.--New York Chapter (1)
American Institute of Architects.--Washington Chapter (1)
American Registered Architects, Inc (1)
Architect's Advisory Committee to the Public Housing Administration (1)
Architects and patrons--United States (1)
Architects' Emergency Committee (1)
Architects--United States--Correspondence (1)
Architectural League of New York (1)
Architectural firms--New York (State)--New York (1)
Architectural firms--United States (1)
Architectural journalism (1)
Architectural journalism--Editing (1)
Architectural journalism--Editing. (1)
Architecture--Brazil--History--20th century--Pictorial works. (1)
Architecture--Germany--History--20th century--Pictorial works. (1)
Architecture--Mexico--History--20th century--Pictorial works. (1)
Architecture--United States (1)
Architecture--United States--History--20th century--Pictorial works. (1)
Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (1)
Boston Public Library.--Committee (1)
Boston Redevelopment Authority (1)
Brasília (Distrito Federal, Brazil) (1)
Cathedral of St. John the Divine (New York, N.Y.) (1)
Central Park (New York, N.Y.)--History (1)
Century of Progress International Exposition (1933-1934 : Chicago, Ill.) (1)
City planners--United States (1)
City planning (1)
City planning--New York (State)--New York (1)
Classical America (Society) (1)
Columbia University.----Architecture and the entrepreneur (1)
Creative Art (1)
Emergency Committee on the Transportation Crisis (1)
Express highways--United States (1)
Expressways Limited (1)
Friends of Cast Iron Architecture (1)
Grand Central Terminal (New York, N.Y.) (1)
Historic buildings--New York (State)--New York--Guidebooks (1)
Historic districts--New York (State)--New York--Guidebooks (1)
Historic preservation (1)
Lectures and lecturing--New York (State)--New York (1)
McKim, Mead & White (1)
Montgomery County (Md.) (1)
Nation (1)
Neighborhoods--New York (State)--New York (1)
Neoclassicism (Architecture)--United States (1)
New Student (1)
New York (N.Y.)--Buildings, structures, etc (1)
New York (N.Y.)--History (1)
New York (N.Y.)--Tours (1)
New York (N.Y.).--Landmarks Preservation Commission (1)
New York City Coliseum (New York, N.Y.) (1)
New York Civic Center (New York, N.Y.) (1)
Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.) (1)
President's Council on Pennsylvania Avenue (U.S.) (1)
Robie House (Chicago, Ill.) (1)
Sullivan Auditorium Restoration Committee (1)
Taliesin (Spring Green, Wis.) (1)
Taliesin Fellowship, (1)
Taliesin West (Scottsdale, Ariz.) (1)
Time, inc (1)
United States Capitol (Washington, D.C.) (1)
University of Wyoming.--American Heritage Center, (1)
Walking--New York (State)--New York--Guidebooks (1)
World Trade Center Site (New York, N.Y.)--Planning (1)


text:
Rufus Sewell To Join Jenna Coleman in Major New ITV Drama 'Victoria'
ITV.com, 21 October 2015
Thanks, Nell
BAFTA-nominated actor Rufus Sewell ('The Man in the High Castle', 'Parade's End', 'The Pillars of the Earth') has been cast alongside Jenna Coleman ('Doctor Who', 'Death Comes to Pemberley', 'Dancing on the Edge') in ITV's major new drama series Victoria.
The ambitious 8-part drama follows the early life of Queen Victoria (Jenna Coleman), from her accesion to the throne at the tender age of 18 through to her courtship and marriage to Prince Albert. Victoria went on to rule for 63 years, and was our longest-serving monarch until she was overtaken by Elizabeth II on 9th September this year.
Rufus Sewell stars as Lord Melbourne, Victoria's first prime minister. The two immediately connected and their intimate friendship became a popular source of gossip that threatened to destabilise the Government – angering both Tory and Whigs alike.
Jenna and Rufus are joined by a stellar ensemble cast including Paul Rhys ('The Assets', 'Borgia', 'Being Human') as Sir John Conroy, the ambitious controller of the Duchess of Kent's household, who controlled Victoria's upbringing, hoping to rule through her, when she came to the throne. Peter Firth ('Spooks', 'Undeniable', 'World Without End') is the Queen's conniving uncle the Duke of Cumberland and Catherine Flemming ('Simones Labyrinth', 'No Place to Go') plays the Duchess of Kent, Queen Victoria's mother.
Eve Myles ('You, Me & Them', 'Broadchurch', 'Torchwood') plays Mrs Jenkins, the Queen's senior dresser and Adrian Schiller ('Suffragette', 'Residue', 'Endeavour') is Penge, the Household Steward. Nichola McAuliffe ('Agatha Raisin: The Quiche of Death', 'Coronation Street') is the ruthless Duchess of Cumberland, Daniela Holtz ('Phoenix', 'Der Verdacht') is Victoria's governess and confidante Baroness Lehzen, and Nell Hudson ('Outlander', 'Call the Midwife', 'Les Bohemes') plays the mysterious new member of the household, Miss Skerrett. Tommy-Lawrence Knight ('The Sarah Jane Adventures') also joins the royal household as the hall boy, Brodie.
Nigel Lindsay ('You, Me and the Apocalypse', 'The Tunnel', 'The Fear') is Sir Robert Peel, the leader of the Tory party. Alice Orr-Ewing ('The Theory of Everything', 'Pramface') is cast as Lady Flora Hastings, lady-in-waiting to Victoria's mother, the Duchess of Kent.
Victoria will be made by Mammoth Screen, producers of 'Poldark'(BBC One) and 'Endeavour' (ITV), and the series is created and written by acclaimed novelist Daisy Goodwin, in her screenwriting debut.
Daisy will serve as executive producer alongside Dan McCulloch ('Endeavour', 'Indian Summers') and Mammoth Screen's managing director Damien Timmer ('Parade's End', 'Poldark').
The series will open with a 90-minute episode, followed by 7 one-hour episodes. Tom Vaughan ('Doctor Foster', 'He Knew He Was Right', 'Starter for Ten') will direct the first three episodes and Paul Frift ('Doctor Who', 'That Day We Sang', 'Room at the Top') will produce the landmark series.
Further casting is underway for the drama, which starts filming in locations around the North of England this October.
Victoria has been commissioned by ITV's Director of Drama Steve November and Controller of Drama Victoria Fea.
The series will be distributed internationally by ITV Studios Global Entertainment.
Back to Articles Listing | Back to rufussewell.net


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<rootTag>
  <Award>
    <AwardTitle>EAPSI: The Population Structure and Native Ecology of Botryllid Ascidians in Japan</AwardTitle>
    <AwardEffectiveDate>06/01/2009</AwardEffectiveDate>
    <AwardExpirationDate>05/31/2010</AwardExpirationDate>
    <AwardAmount>5678</AwardAmount>
    <AwardInstrument>
      <Value>Fellowship</Value>
    </AwardInstrument>
    <Organization>
      01090000
      <Directorate>
        <LongName>Office Of The Director</LongName>
      </Directorate>
      <Division>
        <LongName>Office Of Internatl Science &Engineering</LongName>
      </Division>
    </Organization>
    <ProgramOfficer>
      <SignBlockName>Jong-on Hahm</SignBlockName>
    </ProgramOfficer>
    <AbstractNarration>2009 EAPSI Fellowship - JAPAN<br/><br/>This award supports a U.S. graduate student to conduct an individual research project at one of seven locations in East Asia and the Pacific region. The research project will provide the student with a first-hand mentored research experience, an introduction to science and science policy infrastructure, and an orientation to the culture and language of the location. The primary goals of the East Asia Summer Institute program are to expose students to science and engineering in the context of a research laboratory, and to initiate early-career professional relationships that will foster research collaborations with foreign counterparts in the future.</AbstractNarration>
    <MinAmdLetterDate>06/08/2009</MinAmdLetterDate>
    <MaxAmdLetterDate>06/08/2009</MaxAmdLetterDate>
    <ARRAAmount/>
    <AwardID>0914130</AwardID>
    <Institution>
      <Name>Grey Erin K</Name>
      <CityName>Chicago</CityName>
      <ZipCode>606086745</ZipCode>
      <PhoneNumber/>
      <StreetAddress/>
      <CountryName>United States</CountryName>
      <StateName>Illinois</StateName>
      <StateCode>IL</StateCode>
    </Institution>
    <FoaInformation>
      0510704
      <Name>Geophysical Monitoring</Name>
    </FoaInformation>
    <ProgramElement>
      7316
      <Text>EAPSI</Text>
    </ProgramElement>
    <ProgramReference>
      0000
      <Text>UNASSIGNED</Text>
    </ProgramReference>
    <ProgramReference>
      5921
      <Text>JAPAN</Text>
    </ProgramReference>
    <ProgramReference>
      7316
      <Text>EAPSI</Text>
    </ProgramReference>
    <ProgramReference>
      OTHR
      <Text>OTHER RESEARCH OR EDUCATION</Text>
    </ProgramReference>
  </Award>
</rootTag>


Don't you think "people who no longer wish to be gay" need superstitions, too?
Maybe a green prayer cloth would be just the ticket.
I'm sure it's part of the required penance, goof.
Okay, and "people who no longer want to be heterosexual" probably need some "miracle water".
I'm hooked on all the products from the BET channel's "Weekend Inspiration".
Now, where's my "mojo hand"?
You're talking to someone here who believes that the God didn't come to us with a requirement to use 4 walls with which to believe. And something about the "he created us all" keeps me thinking that he's pretty accepting of everyone.
I shouldn't be so flippant. But when I read a poster's preference for a nation governed by biblical law, for theocracy, and then the President actively scheming to put a man of superstition in a position of science and medicine, I get riled up and sarcastic.
That was kinda my point goof, albeit without the gender reference.
Maybe we disagree? I don't believe that 'religion' and a 'belief in God' are one in the same – thus my reference to 4 walls.
God is also somewhat intangible also – others have Allah, Buddha. Even aboriginal societies have worshiped the sun, the moon, the stars. One common theme has run throughout all mankind, and that is the acknowledgment of a higher being. None of which required 4 walls – i.e., religion.
I'd say the person who started the women's rights movement in this country is entitled to reference gender, so I left her quote as is. She was a dastardly free thinker as you can see.
Yeah, I'd say that's my problem, and we probably do disagree.
The post enlightenment luddism and worship of the noble primitive that infects the left is no better a moral compass, imo, than the pre enlightenment "sun worship" whatever it's guise.
This isn't a country founded on such things, but rather, as Jefferson said, "the light of science" and "the unbounded exercise of reason". When he incorporated into the Declaration the Lockean idea that humans are themselves capable or morality and moral action, "just powers" as it were, he opened the door for the respect for individual rights for which this country is well hated in the monotheistic theocracies and with those who espouse them. "None are righteous, no, not one" is the proclamation of five thousand years of priests, "inimicable to liberty" as Jefferson says.
Among those individual rights, chiefly, life, liberty, property, and the pursuit of happiness. Such a belief in individual self righteousness and the resulting right of self determination is antithetical to those who would espouse top down morality.
Since it's Sunday, I hope you'll forgive me my sermon.
"capable OF morality" excuse my typing.
Your equation with aboriginal or native peoples being monotheistic theocracies is incorrect, I believe.
I believe that aboriginal societies worshiped the sun, the moon, the stars, the eagle, etc. as that is where they saw what we verbalize as "God." Aboriginal societies did not solely worship only one thing – they held an individual respect for many things, as they all played an important role in their lives.
God – as you and I might say – created it all, no?
Perhaps our focus on a man-made entity – God – is misguided? Should we not have respect for all that God created?
Or maybe it is easier to respect only one thing – God. Maybe it's too much work to individually respect all that he created?
Are you suggesting that aboriginal peoples have no moral compass?
The creation is NOT the Creator, at least the way I believe. Again, I doubt a tree or a rock or a rat endowed individuals with their rights.
I don't think middle eastern nomadic savages, or any other aboriginal peoples had the respect for individual rights that the United States of America espouses.
Instead, the rights of individuals were subordinated to the tribe, and that was justified using "god" or "gods" who decreed it. "Divine rights of kings" or chiefs, or priests, or medicine men, or whatever, because individuals were incapable of "just" or "righeous" decisions.
Neither Cortez the Killer nor his victims had it right.
We worship God as the creator. The Middle East worships Allah, others worship Buddha. All symbolize the creator, a higher being.
If less sophisticated societies worshiped the sun, the moon, etc., it was their own symbol of the creator.
"Victim", as you put it, is relative. That's your view, and not necessarily the view of those involved. I only say that based on the existence of the Mayan culture over millenniums.
Chiefs, kings, Popes – how much is different about any of those? Remember, we're talking about civilization here – not just 2007.
I don't think right is relative, and I don't worship "God" as the term is commonly used, as you presume in your inclusive "we".
From my reading and thinking I do not consider all mythologies equally moral.
I think from almost any point of view, Cortez' victims were victims. Perhaps you thought I referred to those sacrificed as victims of their culture? I did not, but will do so now. Cultural context does not mean that cannibalism or human sacrifice is moral.
Look how far you've gone to argue the "noble primitive" position, justifiying human sacrifice !
The enlightenment deists certainly argued that the Creator could be seen in Nature, but not that the Creator WAS nature. They balanced the innate savagery they saw in nature with the triumph of our reason over our susperstitious, aboriginal selves. In hindsight, they were quite optimistic in their views of the progress of man, but that doesn't mean I'm giving up. I look at the progress we've made in human rights since I was born mid last century, in individual rights, in civil rights, in respect for the environment and still hold onto their hope.
There is no difference in Chiefs, Kings, Popes, or Ayatollahs, witch doctors, or televangelists for that matter. They all claim a heirarchy of righteousness that is the opposite of the Declaration.
I used the term "we" rhetorically, as the concept of me "worshiping" God would be a bit of an overstatement.
I probably did go overboard in justifying the human sacrifice of the Mayans – but I did it in the sense that you seem to fail to put cultural and historical context into the worship of higher beings.
I think that assuming that "noble primatives" believed that the Creator WAS nature is too simplistic. They were less than enlightened, certainly – but the purpose was worship of a higher being – acknowledging that something was greater then themselves. Something intangible, something that couldn't be explained.
Are all souls condemned, those that didn't acknowledge a Creator? That's a hell of a lot of souls – all created by the Creator himself.
I don't really think there is a mind/body duality, so I'm the wrong guy to ask about soul…other than the Smokey Robinson/Alicia Keys type.
Is the Creator tangible? Interesting question. I think so, and it's no less hard to imagine the second before the big bang than it is to imagine the attributes of a Creator, so I'm guessing that at some point the physical and the metaphysical will join as we advance our understanding of the Creation. Like the aboriginal, perhaps more like an ant, I'm unknowing of that gi-normous answer.
However, some things I have tried to puzzle out using the best minds of each sides thought. The Westminster creed would tell you that only those predestined would be saved, while most would be foreordained to fire. It was on that rock that my presbyterian childhood beliefs began to founder.
I reject the "cultural/historical" concept rationalizing what I believe is evil, for three reasons. One, it's a good place to learn what NOT to do, the past. Second, I do believe the motion of humanity is forward, and that just maybe, the answer lies in the quest. Historically, to have faith in the metaphysical solution is to give up looking for the physical reality. Third, I do think there's a "Natural Law" that we instinctively know, like we know "the sky is blue on this planet". Some people don't know the sky is blue, true, just as some don't know that murder is evil. Doesn't change the reality.
Has Mary Cheney indicated any distaste or dis-satisfaction with her homosexuality?
The guy's shtick is to cure queers who have become unhappy with their choices, I believe?


New Bridge No 91 is a minor waterways place minor waterways place place on the waterways major waterways place village town city on the Coventry Canal (Detached Portion) between Fradley Junction (Junction of Coventry Canal (Detached Portion) and Trent and Mersey Canal) (3 furlongs to the west) and Huddlesford Junction (3 miles and 5 furlongs to the south).
The nearest place in the direction of Fradley Junction is Fradley Visitor Moorings (48 hour); 2¼ furlongs away.
The nearest place in the direction of Huddlesford Junction is Fradley Estate Access Bridge No 90A; 5 furlongs away.
Fradley Junction, Lichfield, DE13 7DN — 593 yards to the northwest.
46 Common Lane, Lichfield, WS13 8TG — 1278 yards to the southeast.
Lichfield — 1607 yards to the east.
Fradley Junction(Formerly Kingfisher Cafe), Burton upon Trent, DE13 7 — 576 yards to the northwest.
Lichfield — 1407 yards to the south.
Fradley Junction, Alrewas, DE13 7DN — 544 yards to the northwest.
Lichfield — 1121 yards to the southeast.
Fradley Distribution Park, Lichfield, WS13 8 — 957 yards to the southwest.
Fradley, Lichfield, WS13 8NL — 1172 yards to the east.
Lichfield — 1273 yards to the east.
Lichfield — 1445 yards to the southeast.
1 Jordan Close, Lichfield, WS13 8PQ — 1576 yards to the southeast.
Fradley junction, Alrewas, DE13 7DN — 545 yards to the northwest.
Lichfield — 1631 yards to the east.
Lichfield — 1395 yards to the southeast.
29 Wyndham Wood Close, Lichfield, WS138UZ — 1155 yards to the southeast.
Tye Road, Lichfield, WS138ST — 1237 yards to the southeast.
Alrewas Hayes, Alrewas, DE13 7DL — 1463 yards to the northwest.
Fradley, Lichfield, WS138RX — 1433 yards to the southeast.
10 Turnbull Rd, Lichfield, WS13 8TB — 1255 yards to the southeast.
Lichfield — 1394 yards to the southeast.
Fradley Junction, Alrewas, DE13 7EW — 576 yards to the northwest.
Fradley Junction, Lichfield — 658 yards to the northwest.
Wood End Lane, Fradley Park., Lichfield, WS13 8NF — 1333 yards to the southwest.
The Swan at Fradley Junction, Lichfield, DE13 7DN — 686 yards to the northwest.
Fradley Park, Lichfield, WS13 8NG — 1281 yards to the south.
Fradley, Lichfield, WS13 8 — 1246 yards to the east.
Lichfield, WS13 8 — 1249 yards to the southwest.
Unit 9, The Sterling Centre, Tye Road, Lichfield, WS138ST — 1212 yards to the southeast.
The Little Flower Shed, Lichfield, WS13 8PP — 1365 yards to the east.
Turner croft, Lichfield, WS13 8SA — 1552 yards to the east.
Community Centre, Church Lane, Fradley, Lichfield, WS13 8NL — 1510 yards to the east.
Woodend Lane, Lichfield, WS13 8NF — 1392 yards to the south.
21 Horner Ave., Lichfield, WS 13 8 TR — 1474 yards to the southeast.
Barlow Drive, Lichfield, WS13 8TL — 1529 yards to the southeast.
Fradley park, Lichfield — 1321 yards to the south.
Birmingham — 1398 yards to the southeast.
unit 11 - stirling centre, Lichfield, WS13 8ST — 1219 yards to the southeast.
Lichfield — 1210 yards to the southeast.