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The Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), formerly known as Harakah al-Yaqin (), is a Rohingya insurgent group active in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. According to a December 2016 report by the International Crisis Group, it is led by Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, a Rohingya man who was born in Karachi, Pakistan, and grew up in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Other members of its leadership include a committee of Rohingya émigrés in Saudi Arabia.

Myanmar's Anti-Terrorism Central Committee declared ARSA a terrorist group on 25 August 2017 in accordance with the country's counter-terrorism law. ARSA is also considered a terrorist group by Malaysia.

ARSA has been accused by Myanmar's government of being involved with and subsidised by foreign Islamists, despite there being no firm evidence proving such allegations. ARSA subsequently released a statement on 28 August 2017, calling government allegations against it as "baseless" and claiming that its main purpose is to defend the rights of Rohingyas.

History

Prior to 2016
According to the International Crisis Group (ICG) and a spokesperson for ARSA, the group was formed in 2013, following the 2012 Rakhine State riots, under the name Harakah al-Yaqin (translated as "Faith Movement" in English). A former member of ARSA described how he was recruited by the group's leader, Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, three years prior to the attacks in October 2016. Ataullah had approached villagers, asking for five to ten recruits to join his group and telling them that the time had come to "stop the mistreatment of the Rohingya people". Prior to the October 2016 attacks, ARSA had merely patrolled villages armed with bamboo sticks, making sure that villagers prayed at mosques. According to Rohingya locals and Burmese security officials, the group had again began approaching Rohingya men from various villages for recruitment six months prior to its first attack in October 2016, this time with the intention of training them across the border in Bangladesh for a future attack in Myanmar.

2016
In October 2016, under the name Harakah al-Yaqin, the group claimed responsibility for attacks on Burmese border posts along the Bangladesh-Myanmar border, which left nine border officers and four soldiers dead. The Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) announced on 15 November 2016 that a total of 69 insurgents had been killed by security forces in the recent fighting. The ICG reported on 14 December 2016 that in interviews with ARSA, its leaders claimed to have links to private donors in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The ICG also released unconfirmed reports that Rohingya villagers had been "secretly trained" by Afghan and Pakistani fighters.

2017
Burmese state media reported on 22 June 2017 that three insurgents had been killed by security forces in a raid on an insurgent camp supposedly belonging to ARSA, as part of a two-day "area clearance operation" by the government. Authorities confiscated gunpowder, ski masks and wooden rifles used for training.

In July 2017, the Burmese government accused ARSA of murdering 34 to 44 civilians and kidnapping 22 others in reprisal attacks against those ARSA have perceived as government collaborators. ARSA denied the accusations.

On 25 August 2017, the group claimed responsibility for coordinated attacks on at least two dozen police posts and an attempted raid on an army base. The government gave an official death toll of 77 Rohingya insurgents and 12 security forces in northern Maungdaw following the attacks. The government stated that ARSA insurgents had attacked a police station in the Maungdaw District with a handmade bomb alongside the coordinated attacks on several police posts. ARSA claimed they were taking "defensive actions" in 25 different locations and accused government soldiers of raping and killing civilians. The group also claimed that Rathedaung had been under a blockade for more than two weeks, starving the Rohingya, and that government forces were preparing to do the same in Maungdaw. The Myanmar Army also blamed ARSA for the killings of 99 Bengali Hindus in the Kha Maung Seik massacre, which occurred on the same day as the attacks.

Over 4,000 ethnic Rakhines fled their villages on 26 August 2017, as fighting between ARSA and the Tatmadaw escalated.

In late August 2017, the Burmese government accused ARSA of killing 12 civilians, including Hindus and Muslims, some of whom were suspected by ARSA of being government informants. On 24 September 2017, Myanmar's military accused ARSA of killing 28 Hindus in Ye Baw Kya village in the previous month after they uncovered their bodies in a mass grave. ARSA released a statement on 28 August 2017, calling government allegations against it as "baseless" and stating that ARSA only seeks to defend Rohingyas and their rights. An ARSA spokesman also denied allegations that it was behind the killings and accused Buddhist nationalists of spreading lies to divide Hindus and Muslims. Bangladesh meanwhile has proposed joint military operations with Myanmar against ARSA.

A one-month unilateral ceasefire was declared by ARSA on 9 September 2017, in an attempt to allow aid groups and humanitarian workers safe access into northern Rakhine State. In a statement, the group urged the government to lay down their arms and agree to their ceasefire, which would have been in effect from 10 September until 9 October (the one-year anniversary of the first attacks on Burmese security forces by ARSA). The government rejected the ceasefire, with Zaw Htay, the spokesperson for the State Counsellor's office, stating, "We have no policy to negotiate with terrorists." ARSA responded on 7 October 2017 that they would respond to any peace initiatives proposed by Myanmar's government, but added that their one-month unilateral ceasefire was about to end. Despite the ceasefire ending on 9 October, the government stated that there were no signs of any new attacks.

On 9 November 2017, Myint Khyine, the Burmese secretary of the Immigration and Population Department, blamed the deaths of 18 village leaders in the last three months on ARSA in Muslim-majority Maungdaw and Buthidaung. The victims were village leaders who helped the Immigration and Population Department issue national verification cards to Rohingya residents.

In September 2017, Bangladeshi sources stated that the possibility of cooperation between Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and ARSA was "extremely high". Bangladesh's Minister of Road Transport and Bridges, Obaidul Quader, stated during a reception organised by the nation's deputy high commission in Kolkata, India that his country was investigating the allegations.

In November 2017, it was reported that members of the Rohingya diaspora in Malaysia were providing financial support to ARSA.

2018
ARSA claimed responsibility for an ambush carried out on 5 January 2018 in the village of Turaing, which reportedly injured six members of Myanmar's security forces and a civilian driver.

In late November 2018, Hindu community leaders in Myanmar claimed that ARSA had been warning Hindu refugees in Bangladesh not to return to Rakhine State after Burmese authorities called for their repatriation.

2019
On the 16 January, Myanmar state media reported that six police officers had been injured in an ambush by ten ARSA insurgents in Watkyein village bridge in Maungdaw. In March, ARSA's leadership called for their followers to cease criminal activities in refugee camps in Bangladesh. This was statement was made in response to reports of killings and abductions in the refugee camps. Bangladeshi media blamed ARSA for the crimes, while ARSA denies any responsibility.

2020

Reports circulated in May 2020 that ARSA had reformed in Maungdaw after several months of inactivity. On 2 May, the Myawady Daily reported that two Burmese police officers had been attacked by 41 ARSA insurgents near the Bangladesh–Myanmar border.

Two alleged ARSA insurgents died in a confrontation with Myanmar security forces at the Bangladeshi border on 4 June. According to military spokesman and Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun, the clash occurred during routine border security at Mee Dike village and began when around 30 ARSA insurgents opened fire.

Three civilians were killed and six others were wounded when their vehicle struck an alleged ARSA mine in Maungdaw Township on 17 November.

2021

Rohingya leader Mohammed Mohib Ullah, who had raised the issue of human rights violations of Rohingyas and was an opponent of ARSA, was killed on 29 September 2021. His brother accused the group of being behind the attack, but the group denied it. The Bangladesh Police said in March 2022 that the group was behind it and assassinated him due to his growing popularity.

Some Rohingyas told Reuters that ARSA and other armed gangs enforced their rules at night in refugee camps, abducting their critics and instructing women to abide by conservative Islamic norms. An attack on the Darul Ulum Nadwatul Ulama Al-Islamia Madrasa in the Moinarghona camp-18, located in Ukhiya, resulted in deaths of six refugees and injuries to eight others on 22 October. Some of the eyewitnesses blamed ARSA.

Tom Andrews, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar, stated on 19 December that he had received credible reports of ARSA killing, torturing, abducting and intimidating Rohingya refugees in camps. Bangladesh's Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen however denied the group's presence in the camps.

The group started reemerging in the Maungdaw region around November 2021, after allying with the National Unity Government formed in opposition to the military junta that took power after the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. Clashes broke out between ARSA and the Tatmadaw in November.

On 7 December, 23 residents of Khone Taing village were shot at by ARSA, injuring one.

2022

Several images and videos appeared on social media in early-January 2022, purportedly showing more than 50 members of the group along with its leaders taking part in a military drill in Maungdaw.

Bangladesh Police on 18 July 2022 announced arrests of Nur Mohammad, chairman of ARSA's fatwa committee, and Abu Bakkar, a commander of the group accused of the killings of Rohingyas in October 2021. The two were stated to have been arrested on 7 and 17 July respectively. Armed Police Battalion unit 14 commander Naimul Haque claimed that they had arrested 834 Rohingyas linked to ARSA in the last six months.

Bangladeshi officials accused ARSA of being responsible for the killing of an intelligence officer and a Rohingya woman on 14 November during a counter-narcotics operations near the border with Myanmar. The group denied any responsibility.

2023

ARSA and the Rohingya Solidarity Organization on 18 January 2023 clashed in a refugee camp, located near the Naikhongchhari Upazila in the no man's land of the Bangladesh–Myanmar border. One RSO member was killed and hundreds of refugees fled due to the fighting.

Ideology and structure
ARSA leader Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi stated in a video posted online, "Our primary objective under ARSA is to liberate our people from dehumanising oppression perpetrated by all successive Burmese regimes". The group claims to be an ethno-nationalist insurgent group and has denied allegations that they are Islamist, claiming they are secular and "have no links to terrorist groups or foreign Islamists". However, ARSA follows many traditional Islamic practices such as asking for fatwas from foreign Muslim clerics.

In contrast to other insurgent groups in Myanmar, ARSA is not organised like a paramilitary. While other groups have military ranks and uniforms, most members of ARSA have appeared in videos wearing civilian clothes. The group is also ill-equipped; it was reported that during their attacks in Maungdaw District on 25 August, most of ARSA's fighters were armed with machetes and bamboo sticks. The local authorities responded with automatic machine gunfire, heavily outmatching ARSA's weapons.

Analysts have compared the tactics used by ARSA to those used by insurgent groups fighting in southern Thailand, namely crossing the border from one country to another to launch small scale attacks, then retreating back across the border to a community that shares a similar ethnic and/or religious background.

Accusations of atrocities
The Myanmar government alleged in a statement that ARSA killed four Muslims, including a village head and a government informant, on 25 August 2017. The next day on 26 August, another Muslim village head and a Hindu child were allegedly killed when ARSA insurgents fired at a monastery. In addition, six Hindus were stated to have been killed when the insurgents attacked a Hindu family. The Office of Myanmar's State Counsellor also blamed ARSA for the killings of five Daingnets on 26 August and seven Mro people on 31 August.

The mass-graves of 28 Hindus were found by Myanmar's security forces on 24 September 2017 near the village of Ye Baw Kya, with 17 more bodies found on the next day. Three relatives of the deceased said that masked men marched 100 Hindus away from the village before slitting their throats and pushing them into a hole. The relatives recognised some of the attackers as Rohingya Muslims, who told their victims they should not be in possession of official identity cards, which were issued by the government to Hindus but not to Muslims. After the discovery of the bodies, the Myanmar government claimed the victims were killed by ARSA insurgents. An ARSA spokesman denied the allegation that it was behind the killings and accused Buddhist nationalists of spreading lies to divide Hindus and Muslims.

On 9 November, Myint Khyine, the secretary of the Immigration and Population Department, blamed the deaths of 18 village leaders in the past three months in Maungdaw and Buthidaung, on ARSA. The village leaders helped the department to issue national verification cards to Rohingya villagers.

On 22 May 2018, Amnesty International released a report claiming it had evidence that ARSA rounded up and killed as many as 99 Hindu civilians on 25 August 2017, the same day that ARSA launched a massive attack against Myanmar's security forces. The report alleged that ARSA insurgents armed with guns and swords were responsible for at least one reported massacre of Hindus in northern Rakhine State. Survivors claimed that in the village of Kha Maung Seik, ARSA insurgents killed the men, whilst the women were kidnapped and forced to convert to Islam. It was also alleged in the report that statements given by Hindus immediately after the massacre were false, and that they were threatened by ARSA into blaming Rakhine Buddhists for the killings.

The Rohingya Solidarity Organisation (RSO), a rival Rohingya insurgent group, blamed ARSA for 2020–2021 attacks against Rohingya community leaders in Bangladeshi refugee camps.

Press statements
ARSA periodically releases press statements online, in documents and videos posted to its Twitter account. Unlike other insurgent groups in Myanmar, most of ARSA's written statements are exclusively in English, rather than in the group's native tongue (in this case, Rohingya).

On 17 October 2016, ARSA (then under the name Harakah al-Yaqin) released a press statement online. In a roughly five-minute video, the group's leader, Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, flanked by armed fighters reads from a sheet of paper:

Six other videos were released online by the group between 10 and 27 October 2016.

The group released a press statement on 29 March 2017 under a new name, the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA). The document included demands made to the Burmese government and a warning that if they were not met, there would be further attacks.

References

External links

 "Finding out the truth about ARSA militants", BBC News, 11 October 2017
 "Faith Movement Arakan Press Statement", Arakan Times, 17 October 2017
 "ARSA: The birth of an insurgency", Dhaka Tribune, 19 October 2017

Internal conflict in Myanmar
Islam in Myanmar
Islamic terrorism
Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist
Organizations designated as terrorist by Malaysia
Organizations designated as terrorist by Myanmar
Paramilitary organisations based in Myanmar
Persecution of Hindus
Rakhine State
Rebel groups in Myanmar
Rohingya conflict
Separatism in Myanmar


Cleaning out your horse's stall is one of the most important things that you can do for your horse! A daily mucked-out stall is a great way to provide a clean, healthy environment for your horse to eat and live. Everyone deals with different horse environments and they may have a different routine of how they clean out stalls. But in the end, the technique/results are always the same!
1. Make sure you are appropriately dressed!
You wouldn't want to go clean out your horses stall, wearing your fancy best! You want to wear the right kind of clothes when mucking out stalls. The right attire to wear would be jeans, a t-shirt, and muck boots (rubber boots, work boots, or some old sneakers). Some also might wear gloves, just in case you get blisters from the pitchfork/ shovel.
2. Make sure you have all your cleaning tools together.
You always want to get your cleaning tools together first. That way, you're not running around trying to find everything once you need it! The tools you will need include a muck pitchfork/shovel, a broom, a manure bucket/ wheelbarrow, and fresh bedding (some may have a fresh bedding pile or buy it in the bags).
3. Clear out the stall.
If your horse is in the stall, take him out and put him in the crossties or put him in a pasture. A good time to muck out your horses stall is when you he is out in the paddock or pasture. If you can't put him out for whatever reason, put him in an empty stall while you clean. It makes it a lot easier to muck out an empty stall than it is to try and clean around your horse while he is still in the stall!
4. May the cleaning process begin!
It's always a good idea to start with getting rid of all soiled bedding first. All you have to do is just scoop it out and place it in a manure bucket or wheelbarrow. It may be easier to use a shovel for the soiled bedding, instead of a muck pitchfork. Once the wet bedding is all out, you can start getting rid of the manure. It you have straw bedding, the easiest way is just to scoop it out and place it in the bucket. If you use shavings for bedding, it is always good to scoop the manure and then sift the pile within the mucking pitchfork, letting the good/dry shavings fall. This way, you end up saving more of shavings to reuse for the bedding.
5. Smooth it all out.
Once you are done making sure all the manure and soiled bedding is gone, you can spread out the bedding, that is going to be reused, and smooth it out evenly within the stall. You want to make sure that the bedding covers the back 3/4th of the stall. Make sure you sweep the remaining front quarter of the stall clean with the broom! All you have to do is just sweep it all back into the stall bedding. By sweeping the front of the stall, it makes the whole stall look more clean and more put together.
6. Bring in the new bedding.
Once the reused bedding is all evened out, you can add the new bedding on top! The thickness of your bedding is going to depend on the kid of floor that is covering your horse's stall.
* If your stall floor is concrete, you are going to want to add a lot more bedding to give your horse a comfortable support (about 6 inches).
* If your stall has a rubber mat for the floor, you won't have to add a lot of bedding (about 3 inches).
* If you have sand on the bottom of your stall (which is the best for your horse's legs), you won't have to add that much bedding (about 2 inches). Just make sure that you really clean the soiled spots good! The urine really soaks into the sand, making it a little harder to get the soiled spots cleaned.
Once all the mucking out is finished, it is time to clean up! Make sure you put all your tools away in the correct places and don't forget to dump your manure bucket/wheelbarrow. You can dump it in a manure pile or place it in the manure spreader. It all just all depends on what your barn does and how they would like you to dispense of the manure.
8. Make it horse ready!
After you are done fully cleaning, it is time to make the stall all ready for your horse. Make sure that the water bucket is cleaned out and filled to the top with fresh water. Next, make sure your horse has new hay to eat for when he comes back into his stall. One to two flakes of hay should do the trick!
Now your horses stall is all done and completed! It is all clean, fresh and ready to go. Cleaning your horse's stall should be a daily task. Horses make big messes that need to be cleaned out in order for them to have a healthy living space. If the horses living space isn't cleaned out properly. It can lead to lunch and foot diseases. Making sure our animal's space is clean and healthy is all part of the loving care that we give our four-legged friends. It is our job to take care of them and what better way to show your love for you horse, than a nice clean stall!


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Infection Special for Case Managers: Control, Prevention, Bloodborne Pathogens, SARS, and Flu
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Infection Special for Case ManagersPage 32 of 46
6. SARS: Conclusion, Resources, and References
In November 2002, the first cases of a new atypical pneumonia appeared in Guangdong province in southeastern China. In February 2003, a doctor from Guangdong who was unknowingly infected with the new virus travelled to Hong Kong and checked into the Metropole Hotel. He soon became sick and died in a hospital within two weeks. During his short stay at the Metropole, he infected several other hotel guests who then took SARS with them back to Toronto, Singapore and Hanoi. Over the next eight months, the disease killed about 775 people in 29 countries.
The respiratory illness was eventually identified as a new and deadly coronavirus thought to have emerged from bats. The virus then spread to civets and eventually to humans. After a massive global public health effort, SARS was contained and, on July 5, 2003, WHO announced that all person-to-person transmission had ceased.
Infection control in healthcare and community settings
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/guide/infectcont98.htm
https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/index.html
SARS Outbreaks
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5211a5.htm
http://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2020a). Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings. Retrieved March 23, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/providers/index.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2020b). Hand Hygiene Guidance. Retrieved March 24, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/providers/guideline.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2018). Management and Prevention Guidelines. Retrieved March 24, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/management-prevention-guidelines.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2017). SARS Basics Fact Sheet. Retrieved March 20, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/sars/about/fs-sars.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2013). SARS Response Timeline. Retrieved March 22, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/about/history/sars/timeline.htm.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2005). Guidance for Persons Who May Have Been Exposed to SARS. Retrieved March 25, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/sars/infection/exposure.html.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2005a). Guidelines for Collecting Specimens from Potential SARS Patients. Appendix F4. Retrieved March 24, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/sars/guidance/F-lab/app4-fig1.html.
Consumer News and Business Channel (CNBC). (2020). Coronavirus vs. SARS: Health experts on the key differences between the two outbreaks. Retrieved March 21, 2020 from https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/28/coronavirus-vs-sars-health-experts-on-the-key-differences.html.
Emerging Infectious Diseases. (2004). SARS and Common Viral Infections. Retrieved March 21, 2020 from https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/6/pdfs/03-0863.pdf.
Healthline. (2020). Lung Consolidation: What It Is and How It's Treated. Retrieved March 21, 2020 from https://www.healthline.com/health/lung-consolidation.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2020). NIH officials discuss novel coronavirus that recently emerged in China. Retrieved February 4, 2020 from https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-officials-discuss-novel-coronavirus-recently-emerged-china
National Institutes of Health. (NIH). (2020a). Coronaviruses. Retrieved February 18, 2020 from https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/coronaviruses.
National Institutes of Health. (NIH). (2018). NIH study shows how MERS coronavirus evolves to infect different species. Retrieved February 21, 2020 from https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-shows-how-mers-coronavirus-evolves-infect-different-species.
National Public Radio (NPR). (2020). How Hong Kong beat SARS: Lessons learned. Retrieved March 23, 2020 from https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/04/802701836/how-hong-kong-beat-sars-lessons-learned.
Hu B, et al. (2017). Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PloS Pathogens. Retrieved March 21, 2020 from https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Preliminary Clinical Description of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Retrieved March 24 2020 from https://www.who.int/csr/sars/clinical/en/.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2013). Cumulative Number of Reported Probable Cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) From: 1 Nov 20021 to: 28 Apr 2003. Retrieved March 22, 2020 from https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_05_17/en/.
World Health Organization (WHO), and Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN). (2005). Strengthening health security by implementing the International Health Regulations. Retrieved March 25, 2020 from https://www.who.int/csr/outbreaknetwork/guidingprinciples/en/.
Infection Special for Case Managers (46 pages)
Open/Close details
▶ Infection Control and Prevention
1. Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
2. Seven Elements of Infection Control
3. Element I: Scientifically Accepted Principles
4. Laws, Regulations, and Infection Prevention
5. Element II: Mechanism of Transmission
6. Element III: Engineering and Work Practice Controls
7. Element IV: Personal Protective Equipment
8. Element V: Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization
9. Element VI: Protecting Healthcare Workers
10. Element VII: Addressing Sepsis
11. Infection Control and Prevention: References
▶ Bloodborne Pathogens: HBV, HCV and HIV
1. The Hazards of Bloodborne Pathogens
2. Workplaces Subject to the OSHA Standard
3. Engineering Controls
4. Work Practice Controls
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
6. Protecting Employees
7. Other OSHA Requirements
8. Reporting Exposure Incidents
10. Bloodborne Pathogens: References
▶ SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
1. The SARS Coronavirus
2. Guidelines for Collecting Specimens
3. Management of SARS
4. Infection Control
5. Travel Advisories and Alerts for 2003
▶ Flu
1. The Scourge of Influenza
2. Influenza Virus Types and Subtypes
3. Drifting and Shifting
4. Pandemic Influenza
5. Seasonal Influenza
6. The Goal of Universal Vaccination
7. Refusing or Accepting the Flu Vaccine
8. Diagnosis and Treatment of Influenza
9. Infection Control and Prevention
10. Influenza Vaccines
11. Makeup of the Influenza Vaccine: 2019-2020 Season
12. Concluding Remarks
13. Flu: References / Quiz Login or Register
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Infection Special for Case ManagersInfection Special for Case Managers: Control, Prevention, Bloodborne Pathogens, SARS, and Flu▶ Infection Control and Prevention1. Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)2. Seven Elements of Infection Control3. Element I: Scientifically Accepted Principles4. Laws, Regulations, and Infection Prevention5. Element II: Mechanism of Transmission6. Element III: Engineering and Work Practice Controls7. Element IV: Personal Protective Equipment8. Element V: Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization9. Element VI: Protecting Healthcare Workers10. Element VII: Addressing Sepsis11. Infection Control and Prevention: References▶ Bloodborne Pathogens: HBV, HCV and HIV1. The Hazards of Bloodborne Pathogens2. Workplaces Subject to the OSHA Standard3. Engineering Controls4. Work Practice Controls5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)6. Protecting Employees7. Other OSHA Requirements8. Reporting Exposure Incidents9. Conclusion10. Bloodborne Pathogens: References▶ SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome1. The SARS Coronavirus2. Guidelines for Collecting Specimens3. Management of SARS4. Infection Control5. Travel Advisories and Alerts for 20036. SARS: Conclusion, Resources, and References▶ Flu1. The Scourge of Influenza2. Influenza Virus Types and Subtypes3. Drifting and Shifting4. Pandemic Influenza5. Seasonal Influenza6. The Goal of Universal Vaccination7. Refusing or Accepting the Flu Vaccine8. Diagnosis and Treatment of Influenza9. Infection Control and Prevention10. Influenza Vaccines11. Makeup of the Influenza Vaccine: 2019-2020 Season12. Concluding Remarks13. Flu: References / Quiz Login or Register
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Robert Llewellyn of the internet web-show Fully Charged has decided to take another, more detailed look at the Volkswagen Golf GTE.
Mr. Llewellyn says he thinks that the plug-in will have long-standing credibility when we look back at the history of electric vehicles, by opening the door to a lot of new buyers who aren't familiar with the technology.
Just as a primer the Golf GTE retails for about £28,035 before grants in the UK/€36,900 in Germany, and has a 8.8 kWh battery giving the VW 50 km (31 miles) of range on the NEDC scale (~22 miles EPA), while also letting the car zip to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 7.6 seconds.
20 Comments on "Volkswagen Golf GTE "Going To Be Quite An Iconic Vehicle" – Fully Charged Video Review"
Another interesting vehicle that will probably not make it to the US (unless things have recently changed).
Although at $43,000 USD, it's probably too expensive for the US market anyways.
The US market will be getting this in the form of the Audi A3 e-tron. I imagine that AoA and VWoA marketing people figured that, given the price they would have to sell it at, that this was better off as an Audi only product.
Unfortunately the A3 e-tron is to expensive compared to the GTE. I'm seeing dealers here asking €51000 for them. The GTE is also as cheap as the GTD, isn't it?
Anyways, the reasons the GTD isn't in the US are because of diesel emissions, I have no clue why VW would barr its GTE from going stateside.
Well, €36,900 is $39,972.11, which is just 2k above an e-Golf. The difference is the e-Golf qualifies for the full $7500 federal credit — the GTE probably wouldn't with its 8.8 kWh battery.
Maybe if the Mexico factory starts making the e-Golf we could see the GTE in the US as well.
Well at that price, it would completely flop in comparison to the Volt.
It's intended primarily for the Euro market, whereas the Volt targets primarily the US market.
This car is exactly what I would expect from VW, especially in light of their e-Golf: Nice, but not ground-breaking implementation at a price just high enough to make many people (including me) cross it off our shopping list.
I'm happy to see VW making cars with plugs, but I wonder how many they'll sell once other companies wake up to the urgency of joining the rEVolution.
In "e-mode" can you aggressively accelerate to top speed w/out the engine coming on?
Probably not, but that's not the point of this car / architecture. The point is that in mixed-mode, you get excellent performance. And at the same time, when you enter a European city, you can turn off the engine and travel in zero-emissions mode.
It seems that most of the PHEVs have this ability.
In blended mode the Fusion Energi gets to 60 in 8 seconds while the Accord plugin hybrid gets to 60 in 7.7 seconds. They both can also run in EV only mode. Both of these cars came out long before the GTE. All 3 of these have similar sized batteries that are under 9 kWhs.
I'm not claiming any are better than the others just that the GTE isn't unique in the world of PHEVs.
Agreed, the GTE is hardly unique. I didn't watch the video, but I couldn't tell you what would make the GTE "iconic" except that it was made in Europe, and Fully Charged is a Europe-centric production?
If anything, the Volt is the one that is iconic because it is the only PHEV that truly stands alone.
And before I get flamed/lectured/etc, I'm simply using PHEV to lump all cars that have a plug but also have a gasoline engine. In a way the i3 REx also stands alone, but not in a good way. It was not designed to fit people's lifestyle in the way that the Volt was.
The Golf GTI is an iconic car (in the UK) + BobbyLlew likes electrics => Golf GTE is iconic.
Seems like most of the American commenters here don't get how iconic the Golf is in the Old World, in particular Europe.
Should suffice to say, that the Golf brand is cumulatively the #2 all-time most selling car in automotive history with ~30 million units sold.
So yeah, BEV and PHEV versions of the Golf, mass-produced, are huge news in the Golf's core constituency, even if as EVs they are par for the course.
Well, anything that advances the EV revolution is good. So in that respect, VW introducing Europeans to a PHEV is good.
But no way is a car with a mere 8.8 kWh of battery pack a significant contribution to the EV revolution, no matter how "iconic" it is or isn't. It's just another "me, too" short-range wimp-out, instead of a robust compelling EV. Most of the miles driven by this car are going to be powered by petroleum, not electricity.
Not sure about "iconic", but the GTE doesn't sacrifice trunk and/or cabin space like the Fusion, Accord and Volt do. It's a very practical car.
8.8 kWh in a PHEV 4+ after the Volt . . . that is not going to be iconic.
I would think he would mention how much more efficient ev's are. Yes unlike an ice you get something back going downhill but mainly 75% of the energy is not lost as heat. That's where most of the efficiency comes from.
Perhaps that is just such common knowledge that is not worth mentioning. Personally I would drive that point home repeatedly along with the ecological benefits.
It's always interesting to see what people think are going to have a big impact in the ev world. The golf is the German equivalent to the ford pick up.
Yes the gte is a bit half baked but it is a sign that VW is serious, if we see a phev Ford F150. Even a half baked over price one I think the US readers would sit up and take note.
I think this is what Robert is getting at or he could just be angling for a free car.
Interesting observation. From this side of the Atlantic, it's impossible for me to know what folks in the "Old World" think and experience.
A PHEV F150 would certainly change the face of the plug-in market in the US.
The VW Golf GTE will outsell the GM Volt in world wide sales for the year end 2015.
In world wide sales VW is at number 5 and GM is down at number 10.


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Arie Syariffudin (1985, Indonesia) a.k.a. Alghorie is a cross-disciplinary artist working in the fields of community-based projects, visual art, and music. He is part of Jatiwangi Art Factory in the city of Jatiwangi in West Java, which is Indonesia's roof tile manufacturing centre. Jatiwangi Art Factory focuses on discourses about local rural life through arts and cultural activities such as festivals, visual art, music, artists in residence, monthly discussions, radio broadcast and education. Syarifuddin's main interest is the dynamics of community behaviour in a rural-urban context. Since 2012, Ghorie has also been involved in Log Out Corps, an anonymous collective to interrupt people's daily habits by offering tactical ways which are energetic, mischievous, spontaneous, with an ironic sense of humor.


This week: Turkey takes center stage for currency fall, U.S. stocks bounce back and Tesla gets a SEC subpoena.
Investors' attention was on Ankara this week as the Turkish lira succumbed to a savage slump. The proximate cause was a doubling of U.S. tariffs on Turkish steel and aluminium. This was announced in retaliation for the imprisonment of Andrew Brunson, an evangelical pastor, on terrorism charges.
While the U.S. measures were the spark for this week's slide, the problems with Turkey's economy run considerably deeper. Investors have been perturbed by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's increasingly autocratic rule and by the appointment of his son-in-law, Berat Albayrak, as finance minister.
Inflation is at 15% and the country's sizeable current-account deficit is widening as U.S. interest rates rise. President Erdogan has repeatedly ruled out an increase in Turkey's own interest rates, which he has described as "the mother and father of all evil" and apparently tying the hands of its central bank.
In response, the lira mounted a recovery towards the end of the week. On Thursday, U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, threatened Turkey with further sanctions if Brunson is not released.
As the Turkish currency crisis rippled around the world, most global stock markets fell in the first few days of the week. Much of the impact from the less-than-delightful Turkish situation was felt in emerging markets, as the lira's slide prompted a general malaise in the currencies and equities of the developing world.
Chinese shares were especially weak: the CSI 300 index has fallen more than 30% this year, wiping more than $2.5 trillion of the value of Shanghai and Shenzhen-listed shares. The Hong Kong market also fell heavily.
Internet stock Tencent was a prominent loser as investors fretted over its mobile-games business. Its second-quarter results showed a 19% quarter-on-quarter decline in revenue from this business, contributing to Tencent's first quarterly fall in profits in almost 13 years.
Meanwhile, European shares fell to a six-week low on Wednesday before recovering a little ground thereafter. The FTSE World Europe ex UK index finished Thursday down 1.1%. Italian shares were particularly weak after the collapse of a bridge in Genoa caused the deaths of at least 39 people and led to the declaration of a state of emergency.
In the UK, the FTSE 100 was down 1.4% by Thursday's close. A steep fall in the prices of copper and other metals contributed to a slump in the shares of mining companies such as Antofagasta, Fresnillo, Rio Tinto, Glencore and BHP Billiton.
Initially, the U.S. market was no exception to the global malaise: the S&P 500 fell particularly heavily on Wednesday. But then U.S. shares staged a remarkable comeback on Thursday, leaving them up 0.3% by Thursday's close.
The recovery on Wall Street was helped by some good news from Main Street.
The recovery on Wall Street was helped by some good news from Main Street. Shares in Walmart surged by 10% on Thursday after the retailer announced its strongest quarterly U.S. sales for more than 10 years, helped by warm weather and growing consumer confidence. The recent hot weather has boosted sales of paddling pools, summer clothing and air conditioners.
On Thursday, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission was reported to have served electrical-car company Tesla with a subpoena. This follows last week's tweets by Elon Musk, Tesla's founder, in which he said that he was considering taking the company private and had "secured" the funding to do so. Tesla is also facing lawsuits from investors who believe that they may have been misled as to how advanced the privatization plans actually were.
A humble crayfish has become an unlikely star of social media in China after removing one of its own limbs to avoid certain death. The courageous crustacean was destined to become part of a spicy hotpot, but managed to escape by amputating the dead weight of a cooked claw and scurrying off across the restaurant table.
This dashing escape prompted pity on the part of a diner, who decided to give the amputee a new lease of life. Instead of devouring the creature, he has adopted it as a pet. It now resides in an aquarium in his home and has been named Yang Guo, in reference to a one-armed hero of Chinese literature.
Happily, crayfish are able to regrow their claws, so Yang Guo's farewell to arms won't prove permanent.


text:
Q: How to display like Google If I search the word in Google is "twitter".
Google displays the first result like the below.
Twitter
Twitter is without a doubt the best way to share and discover what is happening right now.
twitter.com/ - Cached - Similar

Search                 How To Contest Account Suspension
Blog                   An API
Twitter_logo_header    Twitter Status

More results from twitter.com »

How can they display Search, blog, Twitter_logo_header, etc.?

A: These links are called Site Links, and point to highly rated pages on your domain.
Usually these links are created automatically if your site is strong enough for a specific keyword, and you can tweak it a little by blocking pages you don't want to appear there from Google Webmaster Tools (http://google.com/webmasters) under 'Site Configuration', 'Sitelinks'.
More information on this topic available at the following Google help page - http://www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=47334&hl=en

A: This page explains how search engines like Google work:
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/search-engine.htm

A: It's something google decides to do on its own. There is no way you can force them to do it with your site. They will do it if they find it appropriate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


His first business presented workshops on renewable energy at elementary schools and included solar power kits students could assemble.
As demand for engineering talent continues to intensify, some West Michigan liberal arts colleges are partnering with larger state-funded institutions to add niche programs to their curricula.
Saugatuck Brewing Co. thought it was being edgy in 2011 when it coined the name "Hop on a Blonde" for its new blonde ale.
Edward Montgomery, dean and a professor of economics at Georgetown University's McCourt School of Public Policy, will become Western Michigan University's next president this summer.
On June 30, John Dunn will step down as president of Western Michigan University after a decade on the job. Over the course of his tenure, Dunn ushered in a new era for the Kalamazoo-based university, playing a key role in striking a partnership with the Cooley Law School and creating the private Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine. Under Dunn, WMU increased its minority enrollment from 10 percent of the student body in 2007 to 22 percent now. At the same time, WMU's international student population doubled to 1,833 students. During a visit to Grand Rapids as part of a 10-day farewell tour across the state, Dunn spoke with MiBiz about his accomplishments at WMU and his plans for retirement.
KALAMAZOO — Western Michigan University will launch a new product design institute to create a hub of designers in Southwest Michigan and supply local companies with talent.
As President Donald Trump's executive order banning immigration from seven predominantly Muslim countries continues to play out in the courts, university administrators and international students in West Michigan say they're keeping vigilant.
BATTLE CREEK — Following several years of product development and commercialization, Micro Laser Assisted Machining Technologies LLC ended its first year of sales and is gearing up for further growth now that its first year of sales is behind it.
KALAMAZOO — It may have taken five years, but the partners behind one of the largest mixed-use projects in downtown Kalamazoo finally have secured the financing they need for the development.
KALAMAZOO — The U.S. Air Force could rely on satellites designed by Western Michigan University students to diagnose issues with high-tech propulsion systems in space.


[Basques] [ASTRCS5950] De Pancorbo MM, Castro A, Fernández-Fernández I, García-Orad A (1998): Population genetics and forensic applications using multiplex PCR (CSF1PO, TPOX, and TH01) loci in the Basque Country. J Forensic Sci. 1998 Nov;43(6):1181-7. De Pancorbo MM, Castro A, Fernández-Fernández I, García-Orad A (1998): Population genetics and forensic applications using multiplex PCR (CSF1PO, TPOX, and TH01) loci in the Basque Country. J Forensic Sci. 1998 Nov;43(6):1181-7. Pérez-Lezaun A, Calafell F, Clarimón J, Bosch E, Mateu E, Gusmão L, Amorim A, Benchemsi N, Bertranpetit J (2000): Allele frequencies of 13 short tandem repeats in population samples from the Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa. Int J Legal Med. 2000;113(4):208-14. Garcia O, Uriarte I, Penas R, Martin P, Albarran C, Alonso A (2003): The codis system in the Basque Country resident population studied with multiplex systems. Prog. Forensic Genet. 9 / Int. Congress Ser. 1239: 193-196. Iriondo M, Barbero MC, Izagirre N, Manzano C (1997): Data on six short-tandem repeat polymorphisms in an autochthonous Basque population. Hum Hered. 1997 May-Jun;47(3):131-7. . Iriondo M, Barbero MC, Izagirre N, Manzano C (1997): Data on six short-tandem repeat polymorphisms in an autochthonous Basque population. Hum Hered. 1997 May-Jun;47(3):131-7. . Garcia O, Martin P, Budowle B, Uriarte J, Albarran C, Alonso A (1998): Basque Country autochthonous population data on 7 short tandem repeat loci. Int J Legal Med. 1998;111(3):162-4. Garcia O, Martin P, Uriarte J, Albarrán C, Alonso A (1998): Allele frequency distribution of 7 STR loci in the Basque country autochthonous population. Progr. Forensic Genet. 7: 282-284. Pérez-Miranda AM, Alfonso-Sánchez MA, Kalantar A, Peña JA, Pancorbo MM, Herrera RJ (2005): Allelic frequencies of 13 STR loci in autochthonous Basques from the province of Vizcaya (Spain). Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Sep 10;152(2-3):259-62. Epub 2004 Dec 10.


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Hey guy, as you can see this is my first post, so go easy on me if I miss something.
After several hours of racing we are losing power. The problem presents itself over several laps with diminishing RPM possible. Runs great, then suddenly won't rev past 6500, next lap 6000, next lap 5500, etc. The spark plugs look super lean (paper white), but we don't have a wideband plugged in so no idea what the AFRs are. Not backfiring much, just no power.
Ready for the twist? Turning the ignition off corrects the problem for a short time. The longer the car rests, the longer it can go without losing power. In the final laps of the last race, our driver was getting the symptom, so he killed the master power going down a hill and flipped it back on at the bottom and was fine for the rest of the lap.
I think something is getting heat soaked and failing. It is hard to replicate the problem outside of an endurance race because (shocker) we don't have unfettered access to a race track or dyno for hours at a time. We have low impedance injectors and the OE resistor block. Stock N326 ECU.
Also, we backed off the tension spring on the air mass sensor three clicks on advise from a mechanic. I will be changing that back to the factory setting in short order.
I will be checking all of the engine grounds and the coils, and checking that our new fuel pump is making the right pressure. I am considering switching to high impedance injectors as I suspect the resistor block was not designed for 7-12 hours of constant use. Since we are done racing this year, I might add a wideband O2 and fuel pressure gauge to the dash.
I don't think there is anything mechanically wrong with the motor. We rebuilt the motor before the first race. Oil temps are around 220 (full synthetic measured in the pan). We are running premix 2 oz per gallon (Swepco 313) in 87 octane gas. Water temp stays below 200 (put a sensor in the line that went to the throttle body, looped to the port in the rear iron). Getting 80 psi oil pressure, cold and hot starts are no problem, idles at 1000 (nothing weird). Not losing water or oil, no leaks, no smoke, no funny noises.
What could cause this power loss after several hours of racing? Why does cycling the power alleviate the problem? If you know any endurance racers who use fuel injection please put me in contact with them.
PS: this is the first rotary car I have worked on and I don't have a good understanding of how all the sensors on this motor work and how they impact the performance of the engine. I don't even know the acronyms. We took everything off the motor we could and even removed the port inserts and actuators (yeah, not much power down low). I am going to try running it with the secondary injectors unplugged (wires, not plumbing) and see if it mimics our race experience. If not, I will move to ignition troubleshooting.
Fuel pump is probably overheating. Shutting the ignition off lets the pump cool off slightly. Big problem I have with my external fuel pumps, exhaust heat and radiator-flow heat in grid make me lose a lot of pump capacity. The fuel tank itself gets very hot, too.
A naturally aspirated rotary will run extremely well with lean mixtures right until the point where it is too lean to ignite.
I'd want to get those oil temps down to 180 or so if at all possible. At least on my engines, power seems to fall away drastically once oil gets past that point. Measured in the pan. I'm not thrilled about coolant much over 180 either, but I'd address the oil first.
Address the fuel issue I suspect you have, and you may find your oil temps come down.
Last edited by peejay; 10-24-16 at 08:11 PM.
I'd absolutely get those oil temps down, I agree with that 100%. I don't like to see higher than 220 going into the engine, which probably correlates to around 180 in the pan.
Oil temps are very important for rotary engine longevity, much moreso than piston engines.
i was thinking fuel pump too. although a second thought is the master power switch, those things do go bad.
i wouldn't worry about water temps at 180, but if the oil were cooler that would be better.
Do the NA RX-7s have a fuel pump kick down resistor in the fuel pump relay like the TIIs?
I would try bypassing that with a new relay if so.
Thanks for your input. I will rig up a fuel pressure gauge and keep an eye on it. There is a test day at Oregon Raceway Park on Nov 5th, so maybe we can get more data then.
If you study what fails on endurance racing cars the number one problem is fuel pumps. Just replacing the pump with another stock replacement does not necessarily completely fix the problem, back when I was using Airtex pumps I had to go through 4 that failed quickly to finally get one that ended up living for a long time. Now I have what should be a much better system with 2 separate fuel pumps in a single housing and a switch on the dash so I can swap them if one fails, of course Murphy's Law and last race the pump selector switch itself failed.
As for oil temps I would hate to admit how high mine have been, but hopefully I have that taken care of with a second oil cooler.
Very interesting, we experienced the very same issue endurance racing our gsl-se. I mean exactly. End of long weekend, car starts slowly losing rpms.
1. Fuel temp issue/ dying fuel pump. We started noticing when we came in to refill the car you put in a full load of cool fuel, car ran great. As the stint goes on car slowly starts to lose power, then worse and worse.
2. Master kill switch. I believe this was one of our main problems. I'm serious, change it. We chased down so many gremlins and never thought of this. We were at VIR a couple years ago and the kill switch got so hot it started smoking and melted. Terrifying.
Great to hear someone else had the same problem. I haven't had the car back out yet, but when I do it will have a fuel pressure gauge for sure. I am using a Longacre master kill switch, fresh out of the box. Battery has be re-positioned to minimize cable run. I don't think I can do better on a kill switch install. I will put a hand on it next time we run the car and see if it is becoming a resistor.
Great to hear someone else had the same problem.
oh we've done both too.
I took the RX-7 out to a late season rallycross in order to just drive it gently and renew my Mazdaspeed membership so I can buy parts over the winter.
Drive gently. That idea lasted until I clicked the harness on!
I didn't get to finish all of my runs. The reason why is relevant to this thread.
This is a persistent problem I have at THIS site, I think because of the long hill, susprisingly grippy surface, and generally low car counts making for a fairly high power:time ratio.
Try another switch (the longacres are known to be hit or miss) if it turns out it's not the problem it's something you should carry as a spare anyway. Also, don't rely 100% on a pressure gauge as an overheated pump could well be putting out OK pressure but not the volume you need.
The pressure comes from volume. If there is insufficient volume, pressure will drop.
It doesn't have to be all or nothing. Fuel pumps have a curve of pressure over current draw. If the pump gets hot, current draw goes up for a given pressure, volume goes down since the pump can't quite do it anymore, and it finds a new equilibrium as the pressure falls off which reduces the amount of current needed. So it isn't necessarily an all or nothing affair like the pump just dying 100%, or running out of flow.
Last edited by peejay; 11-01-16 at 04:59 PM.
this one time at the 25 hours of thunderhill, our car had a fuel cell, and since we had to put it together at the last minute, we had problems.
1. we didn't wash the foam, so we had little chunks of foam clogging everything, filter, injectors etc.
3. bonus! put beads on your radiator pipes. we popped it off and cooked the engine like 90 minutes in. we finished, but it was a good thing we were in fixing the fuel pump, because it needed water too.
3a. bonus bonus; our pro built engine had all the valve keepers mixed up (among many other things wrong), so all the pitstops and running with no power probably kept it from falling apart.
This thead has inspired me to try running 10ga wire directly to my pumps with a stout relay. Maybe the problem is the stock wiring can't handle the current draw of two really hot fuel pumps?
Also, this post has me thinking of the song "My Humps" with some words changed. So not everything is good.
This thread is maybe the perfect rx7 endurance racing thread. It perfectly encapsulates the ludicrous frustration.
I just think it's funny, I know the exact situation of the original poster. That horrible sad feeling when your at Watkins Glen on the back straight and your car just won't go over 6,000 rpms.
So you nurse it, and pretend it isn't happening. And then the front straight... 5,500 rpm.
And then the back straight, 4,500.
So you slink back into the pits, waiving everyone in their stupid BMWs past you. Sorry guys it's over.
Then you proceed to rewire your entire car, send your injectors across the country to be cleaned, change the fuel pumps, change the filters, inevitably find and fix a random vacuum leak. Read again, but still not understand what the BAC valve does.
@Peejay- I have since put in a 3rd gen alternator (100 amps I think?) but man, running with the original first gen alt at like 60 amps I learned to love relays. They make a huge difference.
Relays are great, I used to be an engineer at a company who built fuel pumps and we always recommended relays. Those pumps were 400gph drag racing monsters that drew 20-30 amps and couldn't run for more than 5 minutes without overheating, people weren't used to pumps that powerful back in the 90's when I worked there.
At the risk of a thread derail here is another losing power question. Last weekend we were running great at AMP had fast lap of the race on Saturday and second fast lap on Sunday. We came in for a pit stop to put our 3rd driver in, the car was running great but when he started the car to go out it sounded off and he reported no power. Checked and no compression on the front rotor, does anybody know how you can lose apex seals when the car is sitting in the pits?
Regarding losing a rotor, it's amazing how well an engine can run "hurt" before you shut it off. I've had a few occasions where it was still running, and running great at higher RPM, but I didn't dare let it idle/stall because I knew if it shut down, it wouldn't ever start again.
OK, after replacing the Airtex pump with a Bosch pump from rock auto, insulating the supply and return lines that run over the engine, and putting a thermal blanket between the muffler and the gas tank we ran for 7 hours straight, 13 hours total last weekend and no issues. We put fuel pressure and AFR gauges in the car as well and everything was nominal (35-45 PSI fuel pressure, 10.5-14.0 AFR). So, I am calling it fixed.
We ran in B class with Lucky Dog Racing at the Ridge again, finished 4th in class on Sunday on the same lap as the leader. Not bad for our third race as a team. Check out Atomic Wankel Racing on FB for more details.
Thanks for the update with fix!


Rising Chicago artist, LyriQ The Misfit, makes his FSD debut today with the world premiere of his Indigo Soul project. Yes, this is the first taste the world will get of LyriQ and his talent.
My guy Kevin Coval recently put me on to LyriQ, and needless to say I was impressed with what I heard. So much in fact that I asked for that premiere. Glad I did — and glad he did. Funny how the world works. So without further ado, we have 10 brand new tracks from Chicago's very own misfit below. If this is your first time hearing this, you are about to experience something so cold, man. Indigo Soul.


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Legislative elections were held in Portuguese Macau on 11 July 1976, returning 17 members of the Legislative Assembly of Macau, with 6 directly elected by electorates, 6 indirectly elected by special interest groups and 5 appointed by the Governor.

The Carnation Revolution in 1974 by the left-leaning military officers overthrew the Portuguese Government. The new government started the transition to democracy and decolonization in various colonies, including Macau which the sovereignty could be handed back to China. Democratic reforms were implemented in the city, such as the introduction of democratic elected seats in the Legislative Assembly through the newly enacted Organic Statute of Macau.

This was the first election after the legislature was revamped. Only those with Portuguese nationality or the descendants of Portuguese people were eligible to vote, and hence the Chinese cannot elect the members. Five out of six directly elected seats were won by Macau-born Portuguese, of which 4 were from Association for the Defense of Macau Interest led by conservative Carlos d'Assumpção, and 1 from Democratic Centre of Macau led by radicals supporting handover of Macau.

Governor José Eduardo Martinho Garcia Leandro then appointed five other members to the Legislative Assembly.

On 9 August 1976 the new Legislative Assembly convened its first meeting, with influential pro-Beijing businessman Ho Yin as the acting chair. A day later, Carlos d'Assumpção, the leader of the largest parliamentary faction, was elected the President of the Legislative Assembly, a position which he would hold until his death in 1992.

Results

Members

References

Macau
Legislative
Elections in Macau
Macau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As a leading name in the car locksmith service in Las Vegas, Nevada, we at Locksmith Around The Clock Las Vegas out your car lock and key needs first, and our ability to offer you "on site" service is a great mission. If you have misplaced your car key, or if your broke your key in the car ignition, you can rest assured that our technicians are here to to get you out of the "tragedy" at anytime during business hours.
With years of knowledge, and after serving many local car dealerships in Las Vegas, we can proudly say that our service can be suitable to every car owners and every model or automobile makes includes bikes and big trucks. you can be in every corner of Las Vegas Nevada but one thing is sure, that when you need mobile lock and key service for you vehicle, we at Locksmith Around The Clock want you to be part of us!


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Q: How to draw a circle in Swift for macOS app? How can I draw a circle as a background of the VDOT score in Swift? (45.0 in the screenshot)
Layout of the app:

It should look something like this:

A: You could use an NSBox (Custom Box) with an aspect ratio of 1:1 and a border radius equal to half its height.


Challenge: I have thousands of rows of data, each containing multiple columns of piece of information. I want a frequency count of each piece of information that appears.
I received some data the other day. In total, there were 1,000 rows of raw data. Each record contained a set of comma-separated tags. The most tag-heavy record had 200 tags; other records had but one or two. My mission was to create a single, deduplicated list of tags, together with their frequencies.
First, load the data into the first column of Excel. The next step is to get each tag into a separate cell.
This gives you the option to declare the comma as the separator, and what was a single column becokmes 200 columns of data. The next step is to stack them. To do this requires two functions: ADDRESS and INDIRECT.
The ADDRESS function brings back the actual text of a cell reference. So =ADDRESS(2,3) will bring back the cell reference of row 2, column 3, i.e. "C2". But it brings this back as text.
This is where the INDIRECT function comes into play. INDIRECT takes some text and interprets it as a formula. So =INDIRECT(C2) will give you the contents of C2.
This will bring back the contents of cell C2. But if you make the two arguments of the ADDRESS formula into cell references, you have poetry.
The idea is to create two lists containing the vertical and horizontal reference numbers of each cell in the 1,000-by-200 matrix, and use that to inform the above formula.
So in a new sheet, create two columns—one containing the row references of the tags and one containing their column references. In the first, put 200 1s followed by 200 2s, 200 3s etc. until we hit 1,000—200,000 rows in total. The second column contained the numbers 1 through 200, repeated 1,000 times.
Copy and paste values, and you can then sort the list alphabetically by tag, removing the zeros.
A simple PivotTable then gives you the frequency count for each tag.
This entry was posted in How to and tagged ADDRESS, Frequency, INDIRECT, PivotTable, Text to columns. Bookmark the permalink.


Person to person : positive relationships don't just happen / Sharon L. Hanna, Rose Suggett, Doug Radtke. - 5th ed. - Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson/Prentice Hall, c2008. - xiii, 447 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 415-438) and index.


Is your site up-to-date with your latest products, services and information? Does it look modern? Does your website look good on your phone? If you answered no to any of these questions it's time to update your website.
Do you need an original logo, brochure, or business card? Do you need help developing a unique idea to promote your business? Silver Cricket Designs offers one-on-one service and creative designs that will make your message stand out.
From project conception, through unique design proofs (no templates), and working with the printer the whole process is handled.
Are you lost in the social media channels? Do you need guidance or looking for someone to take of the admin duties?
The team services start with focusing on your message and bringing it to life.
Their goal is working with you to create marketing materials with a cohesive and distinctive image. If the graphic design process leaves you feeling lost they will help you through the process and provide honest, real world experience.
From the beginning of the project, through the creative drafts, to the end by working with you to ensure your piece is the high quality you expect and you're happy with the end result.
You work hard on your business. Whether you could use a little assistance or are considering taking on a large project, they are your strategic partner.
Watch your message come to life with creative design.


This week I want to share two articles about the complexities of tapering polypharmacy regimens that include opioids. The first article is about using a mix of alternative methods to help treat chronic pain while also reducing the use of opioids. The second article examines the myths surrounding tapering opioid therapy and tips on how to do it successfully. Below you'll find these articles and my thoughts on their implications.
A study group of 53 people with chronic pain participated in a program that included a comprehensive approach to treatment. This program included physical therapy, psychology, nutrition and other treatments to help the patients reduce their pain. The results showed significant reductions in pain intensity and psychological distress while discontinuing use of opioid pain medications by the end of the 7-week program.
Thomas Heitkemper Ph.D.: Mark, I helped run interdisciplinary pain management programs (a step above "multidisciplinary" programs…the difference is that interdisciplinary programs coordinate and communicate among all treatment components) from 1986 through 1996…We called it the "full court press" approach with simultaneous physical, psychological, social, and vocational reactivation. So indeed, everything old is new again. And we had great outcomes (reduced med use, lower health care utilization and continued vocational goal attainment) at 2-month, 6-month and 1-year follow-up. Many of my psych sessions were done during PT and OT sessions to make sure we were addressing the "hurt versus harm" issue that can lead to pain-avoidant behavior and overall activity intolerance. Our program director, Dr. Peter Vicente (past president of the American Pain Society and one of the most brilliant and passionate persons I've ever met) helped develop this model in the early '80s. Unfortunately, these programs nearly became extinct in part due to the proliferation of modality-specific pain centers and, of course, the siren call of opiates as an answer to dealing with chronic pain.
Geralyn Datz Ph.D.: 100% on point Mark. These programs are not at all new but were very popular about 3 to 4 decades ago when the healthcare landscape was much different than now. Thankfully there is wisdom in history and indeed, as printed out above, what's old is new and there is renewed interest in these programs which address both the mind and body and promote self-empowerment and physical movement and strength despite pain. We have seen similar amazing results and also presented our findings at this meeting! So glad to see this getting publicity. More people need to know about these programs.
Joseph Pergolizza Jr, MD, Director of Research, NEMA Research, Inc, has found that long-term opioid therapy may need to be discontinued for reasons such as resolution of the painful condition, intolerable side effects, and development of opioid use disorder. The article also examines several myths that Pergolizza and his colleagues have found about opioid tapering that continue to affect doctors and their patients.
"The daily dose of opioids needed to prevent acute withdrawal symptoms is approximately 25% of the previous day's dose. MP NOTE: The 2016 CDC opioid guidelines recommend "A decrease of 10% of the original dose per week is a reasonable starting point. Some patients who have taken opioids for a long time might find even slower tapers (e.g. 10% per month) easier." The takeaway is that tapering needs to be methodical, strategic and individualized.
If a patient is receiving opioids through different routes of administration, such as transdermal and oral, it may be advisable to convert to a single, extended-release oral product before tapering.
If different opioid products are being used, conversion to a single product should be at roughly the equivalent dose over 24 hours, often expressed in morphine milligram equivalents (MME).
The highest daily morphine equivalent dose (MED) recommended by the CDC is 90mg. Although many patients take higher doses due to tolerance, it is noted that both high dose and extended duration of use are risk factors for OUD.
To read everything on my mind this past week, please visit me on LinkedIn.
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed above are those of Mark Pew, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Preferred Medical.
Mark Pew, Senior Vice President of Product Development and Marketing for Preferred Medical, is a passionate educator and agitator. Known as the RxProfessor, Mark is focused on the intersection of chronic pain and appropriate treatment, particularly as it relates to the clinical and financial implications of prescription painkillers, non-pharma treatment modalities and the evolution of medical marijuana. He is a strong champion for the workers' compensation industry to #PreventTheMess and #CleanUpTheMess, movements he created to drive attention to the importance of individualized appropriate treatment for injured workers. Mark is a vocal advocate of the BioPsychoSocialSpiritual treatment model.
Mark serves on the IAIABC's Medical Issues Committee and SIIA's Workers' Compensation Committee. In addition, he serves as technical advisor to regulators and legislators in 20+ jurisdictions on subjects such as drug formularies, treatment guidelines, Opioid Task Force initiatives, encouraging support of non-pharma treatment options and the medicinal use of cannabis. Mark received the WorkCompCentral Magna Comp Laude award in 2016 and the IAIABC's Samuel Gompers Award in 2017.


Jesus is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation, for all things in heaven and on earth were created in him—all things, whether visible or invisible, whether thrones or dominions, whether principalities or powers—all things were created through him and for him.
He himself is before all things and all things are held together in him.
He is the head of the body, the church, as well as the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, so that he himself may become first in all things.
For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in the Son and through him to reconcile all things to himself by making peace through the blood of his cross—through him, whether things on earth or things in heaven.
God redeems us to live in community with the created Earth. We will care for God's Earth in ways that are sustainable.
The covetous desires of people and nations to possess what is not their own, Father, forgive. The greed which exploits the work of human hands and lays waste the earth, Father, forgive.
God has not abandoned the world. It is His will that His design and our hope for it will be realized through our cooperation in restoring its original harmony. In our own time we are witnessing a growth of an ecological awareness, which needs to be encouraged, so that it will lead to practical programs and initiatives.
The cross bridges the broken relationship between humans and God, and between people and the earth. We invite you to join in God's mission of bringing people and earth and God back into harmony.
Caring for Creation expresses a call to pursue justice for creation through active participation, solidarity, sufficiency and sustainability ... expressed through individual and community action, worship, learning, moral deliberation and advocacy.
Resources and Statements on "Caring for Creation"
A better future is possible through dedicated effort, creative cooperation, right relationships and well-directed resources. Change will require personal and material costs that we are prepared to share.
The natural world is a loving gift from God, the creator and sustainer, who has entrusted it in all its fullness to the care of all people for God's glory and to the good of all life on earth now and in generations to come.
Statements on "Energy Resources Utilization"
Statements on "Space" and on "Science and Technology"
Statements on "The Natural World"
Statements on "Water, Air, Soil, Minerals, Plants"


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Q: How to access instance variable of Java in DSL? I have a data model(Car.java), source template(dsl file) and application program.
Template Class Car.java
public class Car {

    public String name;
    public  int price;

    public Car() {
    }
}

Template file index.template

            Name
            Price

        {FOR car : cars}

                {car.name}
                {car.price}

Note: Plain text enriched with template notation elements which are enclosed by { }
Using the template in the program:
Car c1 = new Car("??", 52642);
Car c2 = new Car("??", 29000);
Car c3 = new Car("??", 9000);
List<Car> cars= new ArrayList<>();
cars.add(c1);
...
...

The output should be all the elements of the cars collection.
Problem?
I haven't any access to cars (instance variable) from the application program in a template file.
How can I get instance variable cars (not java class like Car) in index.template file?

A: Have a look about Xbase. In the official documentation: https://www.eclipse.org/Xtext/documentation/305_xbase.html
Xbase provides integration for all DSLs with the java type system.


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Home/3D Printing Processes/iMakr Buys 3DPrintingIndustry.com, Is that Good or Bad Industry News?
3D Printing Processes3D Printing Service ProvidersEditorialsProduct LaunchShops
iMakr Buys 3DPrintingIndustry.com, Is that Good or Bad Industry News?
3D Printing Media NetworkJune 15, 2016
As most have noticed, 3D Printing Industry (3DPI) – one of the three major 3D printing industry news websites (together with 3DPrint.com and 3ders.org) – has changed a lot lately and, some would argue, not for the better. Mike Molitch-Hou, his wife Danielle Matich, Davide Sher, Tyler Koslow, Mark Lee, Andrew Wheeler, and others who have spent the better part of the past four years telling about the global 3DP industry through 3DPI's posts, have all left. Now, the time has come to recap what happened with 3DPI since venture capital firm iMakrVC bought and took over the site in early 2016.
First, though, to better understand the dynamics of this shift, there is a lot to say about two of the main iMakrVC properties: the iMakr 3D print shops and service and the MyMiniFactory 3D model marketplace. Since the subject is a delicate one, where emotions are also involved, this report will try to stick to the facts and treat rumors as such.
Rising Starts
Sylvain Preumont, the founder of iMakr and MyMiniFactory, began his adventure in 3D printing in 2012 with iMakr.VC, an investor fund for projects in the 3D printing and 3D scanning arena. While the domain is the country code top-level domain for the Caribbean nation of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, it is also used to stand for "Venture Capital."
The first iMakr brick-and-mortar store was opened in 2013, making it one of the very first in the world. By Christmas 2013, it had grown to the point where it even opened a temporary shop at Selfridges, the huge department store in central London, to sell 3D printed statuettes. This clearly shows how Sylvain Preumont was among the first to fully believe in the the mass potential of 3D printing and also that he was ready to put his money where his mouth was.
This was a logo many had become accustomed to
That was 2013. At around the same time, 3DPI, which had been founded by Ari Honka and Eetu Kuneinen in 2012, really began to take off as one of the major sources of information in the 3D printing industry. The site was riding on the wave of 3D printing hype, thanks in very large part to the knowledge and abilities of its first editor-in-chief, Rachel Park. Through significant investments from Meckler Media and 3D Systems, the portal was able to bring on board professional journalists and bloggers.
3DPI gave its writers the opportunity to live a journalist's dream: writing tons of fascinating news stories and having tens of thousands of people reading them and enjoying them all over the world. During the last two years, 3DPI's senior writers were posting upwards of 50 news articles per month.
During the last three years at 3DPI, several of these stories covered MyMiniFactory's and iMakr's activities, often pointing out that they were great projects that should and could have been communicated more effectively. One aspect that was at the same time highly newsworthy and somewaht controversial was MyMiniFactory's practive of creating designs that were covered by some kind of intellectual property.
These could be ancient historical artifacts from museums or popular properties belonging to video game publishers or brands, like LEGO. It was almost as if they were pushing the boundaries of legality in order to attract attention — a somewhat controversial policy that, however, can certainly be journalistically appreciated for raising the issue of IP rights in the new world of desktop manufacturing.
Facing the Music
As the hype died down – and, with it, the stock value of a primary 3DPI investor like 3D Systems – companies like Meckler Media began to encounter some difficulties in making ends meet. Meckler Media had divested from 3DPI even before declaring bankruptcy in late 2015. The money stopped flowing in and 3DPI itself began to run into difficulties in making payments. Its structure had changed and evolved over time, but not to the point where its business model (based almost entirely on advertising and traffic) was able to cope with the challenges arising from the downward slope of the hype cycle.
So, in early 2016, Honka and Kuneinen decided to sell 3DPI. In the meantime, iMakr had just completed its own restructuring, culminating in the hiring of Eric Savant as new CEO in December 2015 to lead the next phase of its expansion.
At this point – from an outsider's point of view – it is still unclear how iMakr can become a profitable company. It owns two stores: a huge one in a relatively central part of London, and another in Manhattan. These are two of the most expensive real estate areas in the world and require a very important business volume to be sustainable.
MyMiniFactory certainly generated revenues from its MyMiniFactory Academy, where it offered graphic and physical 3D modeling courses (and often hired its own graduates as designers). iMakr also continues to offer a wide selection of 3D printing materials and desktop 3D printers, leveraging its recognizability to obtain very advantageous conditions from suppliers, according to some anonymous sources. Whether this is sufficient to sustain the large MyMiniFactory machine (at the moment of writing there were eight open positions on its Careers page), and all of its activities, is unclear.
The MyMiniFactory "design factory" in Shoreditch, London. Some designers – who wish to remain anonymous – complained about exploitative working conditions.
At least one MyMiniFactory designer openly complaining about exploitative working conditions there. Other projects – such as the MP5 open source 3D file system and the Seedrs crowd funding campaign – have somewhat fallen off the radar and/or sold off (MP5 is now WeDesign).
In general iMakr and MyMiniFactory seem to want to pursue any and every opportunity that arises in the rapidly evolving 3D printing market, with no clear and unique strategy to integrate them into a structure that can grow organically. New projects are pursued for a limited time and, if they don't seem to promise a significant return in a short time, they are abandoned. In the "new" 3D printing industry, this may not be such a wrongheaded approach, but the question remains: why not stick to what works? Does anything work? iMakr's new project is now, for the first time, fully editorial, as it acquired 3DPI.
"When Sylvain and iMakr were going to take over 3DPI, I initially felt that it would be a great fit," says former 3DPI senior writer Davide Sher. "Even though I had heard rumors about the unpleasant working conditions at both iMakr and MyMiniFactory, I believed that those rumors could be due to a lack of a common goal. When I first spoke with Sylvain, he assured me that 3DPI was going to remain a fully independent industry news source and not just a loudspeaker for iMakr and MyMiniFactory activities. After just a few days of working with the new team it became clear to me that it was not going to be so. So I left."
According to Sher it became clear that 3DPI was going to be run as other iMakr and MyMiniFactory activities were run. Little or no value in human resources; a race full speed ahead to obtain immediate returns (whether in terms of visibility or financials) and a confusing strategic vision. All of the original writers have now left. Preumont and his team seem to fail to understand that the number one asset, in this knowledge-based digital manufacturing economy, are the people that work for you or, actually, with you.
The new owners took over management of the site in late February, though capital had not yet been transferred to the old owners. At the time that iMakr purchased 3DPI, none of the writers had been paid for about two and a half months and at least one partner had not been paid for five months or so.
While the new owners did ensure that the acquisition agreement would include covering unpaid wages for the current writers, the closing took longer than expected. Writers were pushed to write during this time, with some of them reporting an exacerbating of their already stressful circumstances. While the old management was reported to leave the majority of the editorial decisions up to the editor, the new owners would suggest leads for stories that, it would become evident, might benefit their other businesses. For instance, 3DPI ran a story about 3D printables community Pinshape. After publication of the story the conclusion of the article was changed to a call to action to visit the MyMiniFactory site.
After the acquisition, iMakr announced its new 3D printing, scanning, and design services. Through a program dubbed UrbanManufacturing, iMakr now offers design on demand, scan on demand, and 3D print on demand services out of its London store, positioning them as a potential competitor to other more established services such as Shapeways and 3D Hubs.
This sense of competition may have been reflected in a published story suggesting that distributed manufacturing network 3D Hubs was stagnating in terms of growth, with author "Samuel Adams" writing, "3DHubs does not verify the information, hence the total number of actual machines available is certainly much lower than the 29,500 declared at end April 2016. From my discussion with the company I expect the number of actual 3D Printers available on 3D Hubs to be under 15,000."
In an article on Materialise, a publicly traded software developer and large 3D printing service provider, Samuel Adams argued that the company's recent financial earnings also reflected stagnation, writing, "Based on the current market capitalisation of $320M and net cash available of €29M, Materialise valuation of €250M implies a multiple of 31 times the mid value EBITDA forecast for 2016. Considering the risks faced by the company to maintain its margin, current share price could suffer significant downward pressure. The lack of liquidity may exacerbate any price movement. Finally the company will keep investing significantly in the coming years, limiting the capacity to generate net cash."
"In fact, many of the leads that Preumont suggested were related to the potential failure of other companies within the space," says 3DPI's former editor Mike Molitch-Hou. "After Pinshape, he suggested that MakeXYZ and MakieLab might be the next to go under." A famous Italian politician used to say that "to think negatively is a sin but you are often right": truth be told, in the case of Stratasys CEO David Reis resignation, writer Samuel Adams actually made the right prediction before the event occurred.
It's difficult to determine whether or not these speculations regarding 3D Hubs and Materialise are accurate, but, if 3DPI's stories are part of a larger pattern to diminish and possibly discredit competing companies, the state of the 3DPI as a reliable source for new information regarding the state of the industry is called into question.
When it came to reviews, the line between journalism and business blurred as well. While 3DPI previously reviewed printers as a service to its readers, and published any 3D printer review that was submitted, according to Mark Lee, a former 3DPI contributor based in Seoul, South Korea, that was no longer the case for his highly positive review of one specific 3D printer, which was turned down without offering any valid explanation.
A Falling Strategy?
Although at this time there is no clear financial information available, there are some questions that some would like to ask about iMakr's own financial stability. Contacted, iMakr declined to answer, claiming the questions are referring to rumors without any solid foundation in reality.
Immediately after declining to answer the questions, however, iMakr did publicly disclose the investment into 3DPI. The article is written as a news item although the acquisition was actually concluded before April 2016. The questions (below) still remain, and iMakr is invited to offer their response anytime.
What is the company's objective with 3DPI?
Is iMakr/MyMiniFactory profitable?
If not, when do you expect it will it be?
What are iMakr's main sources of income?
Why is iMakr obsessed with other company's possible economic woes?
Why doesn't the company want the link between iMakr and 3DPI to be made public and why did it not make it public? (They did make it public in a disclosure article on June 15th)
Does iMakr/MyMiniFactory value its human resources?
Who is Samuel Adams? Update, as per the disclosure article, Sam Adams is 3DPI's industry expert who correctly predicted David Reis resignation (but incorrectly spelled his last name).
Does iMakr want to grow with the industry or in spite of its failure?
In conclusion, although this article did take a critical position toward some of iMakrVC's policies or commercial practices, it should be 100% clear that – as far as any of the authors of this article know – the company did not, in any way, commit any illegal action or severe wrongdoing towards its employees or its commercial partners. The hope of the 3D Printing Business Directory staff is that the entire 3D printing industry – in all of its many expressions – succeeds. That includes iMakr, MyMiniFactory and the new 3DPI as well.
Smart fiber composites in additive manufacturing project by +Lab at Milan Politecnico
Airbus APWorks and Altair Collaborate to Bring 3D Printing Technology to Customers
Large rail parts produced in half the time, with 30% cost reduction
Microsystem Engineering Specialist Hahn-Schickard Acquires Prodways ProMaker L5000 3D Printer
FDA Releases Update on Regulations for 3D Printing of Medical Devices
SLM Solutions Presents New SLM 800 Metal 3D Printer for Increased Automation
3Doodler and HEXBUG Release STEM Series Kits


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Huawei Plans To Join Symbian Foundation
ChinaTechNews.com Editor October 24, 2008, 5:15:37 am HKT October 24, 2008
Chinese telecom manufacturer Huawei has announced plans to join the non-profit organization Symbian Foundation, which is run by Nokia, along with nine other companies, including the British chip designer ARM and the credit card giant Visa, to gain free access to the Symbian mobile phone operating system software provided by Nokia.
In addition to the mobile phone operating system, Huawei will be able to enter the open platform jointly developed by the mobile phone enterprises, operators and chip manufacturers in the organization by joining Symbian Foundation.
The open platform is viewed as Nokia's major strategy to attract the support of other companies to fight against Microsoft and Google's nibble of the mobile phone operating system market. According to the statistics published by Symbian Foundation, since Nokia acquired Symbian in June 2008 and announced plans to open its Symbian mobile phone operating system for free, 52 companies have joined the organization, which enhanced Nokia's leading position in the mobile phone operating system sector.
Symbian is one of the world's leading mobile operating systems. Founded in 1998 by Ericsson, Nokia, Motorola and Psion, Symbian has grown into one of the most visible technological successes with over 200 million handsets shipped to date.
ARMEricssonGooglehandsetHuaweiMicrosoftmobilemobile phoneMotorolaNokiaoperating systemSoftwareSymbianSymbian FoundationtelecomVisaWireless
Microsoft's WP Gains New Chinese Partners
Lenovo, JD.com Sign CNY12 Billion Strategic Agreement For Mobile Devices
Huawei Joins Open Handset Alliance