text:
Q: how to get string[] of Map Hi i have a Map<Str1,Str2> and i need to get the array of str2 where
str1=="foo"

how can i do that?
thanks

A: Since java.util.Map is not a multi-map, then the entry having "foo" as a key, if it exists, it's unique. So I don't see why you should get a String[].
Just do: String str2 = map.get("foo") and always check if str2 != null before referring to it later.
If you are interested in a multi-map (many entries for a key), then search Apache Commons Collections for it, or you can implement a multi-map yourself very easily, mapping any String key to a Collection of Strings.  It's easy and it works. Choose the right Collection depending on how much frequently it is changed, if you need it sorted, etc... Often a LinkedList is fairly good.


A new study by Dr Beverly Bergman has shown that people who have served in the Armed Forces for a short time are at increased risk of self-harm. Epidemiology .
Looking at cases of self-harm which were serious enough to warrant hospital admission among a group of 57,000 veterans in Scotland compared with 173,000 people who had never served in the Armed Forces, there was an overall 30% increase in risk in the veterans, but the highest risk was in people who left service before completing their initial training, whose risk was increased by 70%. The risk reduced with longer service and those who had served for longest had a 60% reduced risk of self-harm compared with non-veterans.
"The reduction of risk of self-harm with longer service suggests that the biggest risk factors come from people's pre-service life, and that longer military service is in fact protective."
Although there have been a number of studies on suicide in veterans, there has been very little research on self-harm and this study contributes to filling an important knowledge gap, and helping to understand the relationship between military service and mental health. The study is published in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.


The appointment of Robert Polkinghorn as our Head Scholars Coach confirms Future In Football's spot as the place to be for players aged 16-18. Appointed in the summer of 2015, Rob has a wealth of experience both playing and caching at an elite level locally and internationally.
One of the leading schools in Essex, The Appleton School is home to a 3 grass pitches used for training and home games. The school also has an outstanding report from ofsted and an excellent record in academic attainment, with it's numerous A-Levels and sport-related BTEC's available to all Scholarship players.
The program involves students internally, externally and from Australia.
level equipment to ensure their training is of the highest quality.
afternoons after lunch, with match days on a Wednesday every week.
before their lectures with a light training session in the afternoon.
whether it be conditioning, technical, tactical or performance analysis.
next step in football and sport.
in a football match environment.
To register your interest please click on the REGISTER INTEREST link and fill out the form.


In this YouTube video Winfried Scherle (Carl Zeiss AG Camera Lens Division Senior Vice President and General Manager) mentioned that Zeiss will soon introduce a new Touit Macro 1:1 lens "with outstanding performance". This is most likely the 50mm f/2.8 Macro lens that is currently scheduled for release on November 8th (the lens was initially announced at Photokina last year).
He also mentioned that next year Zeiss will release more FE full frame lenses for the Sony a7 camera (see lens roadmap).
"We are currently working on manual focus lenses for these new full-frame CSCs. They will have an interface to provide EXIF data to the camera. They are expected to be in stores by the end of 2014. However, we cannot provide any additional infos right now. Best regards, ZEISS Lenses Team"
This entry was posted in Zeiss and tagged Zeiss Touit, Zeiss Touit 2.8/50 macro lens. Bookmark the permalink. Trackbacks are closed, but you can post a comment.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The study of the collective behavior of populations of
 interacting nonlinear oscillators
has attracted the interest of physicists and mathematicians
 for many years since they
can be used to modelize several chemical, biological and
 physical
systems\cite{Kura84,Win}. Among them, we should mention
cardiac pacemakers
cells\cite{Pes}, integrate and fire neurons\cite{Kura91}
 and other systems made of
excitable units\cite{Treves}. Most of the theoretical
 papers that have appeared in the
scientific literature deal with oscillators
 interacting through continuous-time
couplings, allowing them to describe the system by means
 of coupled differential
equations and apply most of the modern nonlinear
dynamics techniques. More challenging
from a theoretical point of view is to consider a
 pulse-coupling, or in other words,
oscillators coupled through instantaneous interactions
 that take place in a very
specific moment of its period. The richness of
behavior of these pulse-coupled
oscillatory systems includes synchronization
phenomena\cite{Mir}, spatio-temporal
pattern formation\cite{PhysD} (we could mention,
 for instance, traveling
waves\cite{Bres2}, chessboard structures\cite{PhysD},
 and periodic waves\cite{Rit} ),
rhythm anihilation\cite{nature}, self-organized
 criticality\cite{PRL1},...

Most of the work on pattern formation has been done
 in mean-field models or populations
of just a few oscillators. However, such restrictions
 do not allow to consider the
effect of certain variables whose effect can be crucial
 for realistic systems. The
specific topology of the connections or geometry of
 the system are some typical examples
which usually induce important changes in the collective
 behavior of these models.
Pattern formation usually takes place when oscillatory
 units interact in an inhibitory
way, although it has also been shown that the shape
 of the interacting pulse, when the
spike lasts for a certain amount of time, or time
 delays in the interactions can lead to
spatio-temporal pattern formation also in the case
 of excitatory
couplings\cite{Abbot,Geisel}. Only recently, general
 solutions for the general case,
where the patterns existence and stability is proved,
 have been worked
out\cite{Bres1,PRE}. The aim of this paper is to study
 some pattern properties and get a
quantitative estimation of the probability of pattern
 selection under arbitrary initial
conditions or, in the language of dynamical systems,
 the volume of the basin of
attraction of each pattern. Keeping this goal in mind,
 we will use the general results
given in \cite{PRE} where assuming a system defined on
 a ring the authors developed a
mathematical formalism powerful enough to get analytic
 information of the system. Not
only about the mechanisms which are responsible for
 synchronization and formation of
spatio-temporal structures, but also, as a complement,
 to proof under which conditions
they are stable solutions of the dynamical equations.

Despite the apparent simplicity of the model, some ring
 lattices of pulse-coupled
oscillators are currently used to modelize certain types
 of cardiac arhythmias where
there is an abnormally rapid heartbeat whose period is
 set by the time that an
excitation takes to travel the circuit \cite{Ito}. Moreover,
 there are experiments where
rings of a few R15 neurons from {\em Aplysia} are
 constructed and stable patterns are
reported \cite{Dror}. Our 1d model allows us to study
 analytically the most simple
patterns and understand their mechanisms of selection.

The structure of this paper is as follows. In Sec II we
 review the model introduced in
\cite{PRE} as well as set the notation used throughout
 the paper. In Section III we
study some pattern properties which will be useful for,
 in Section IV, propose an
estimation of the probability of selection of each
 pattern. In the last section we
present our conclusions.

\section{The model}

Our system consists in a ring of $(N+1)$ pulse-coupled
 oscillators. The phase of each
oscillator $\phi_i$ evolves linearly in time

\begin{equation}
\frac{d\phi_i}{dt}=1 \hspace{2em}\forall i=0,\ldots ,N
\end{equation}
until one of them reaches the threshold value $\phi_{th}=1$.
 When this happens the
oscillator fires and changes the state of its rightmost
 neighbor according to

\[
\phi_{i}\geq 1 \Rightarrow \left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\phi_{i}\rightarrow 0 \\ \phi_{i+1}\rightarrow\phi_{i+1}+
\varepsilon\phi_{i+1}\equiv\mu\phi_{i+1}
\end{array}
\right.
\]
subjected to periodic boundary conditions, i.e. $N+1\equiv 0$,
 and where $\varepsilon $
denotes the strength of the coupling and $\mu=1+\varepsilon$.
 Where we have assumed
that, from an effective point of view, the pulse-interaction
 between oscillators, as
well as the state of each unit of the system, can be described
 in terms of changes in
the phase, or in other words, in terms of the so called phase
 response curve (PRC),
$\varepsilon \phi$ in our case. A PRC for a given oscillator
 represents the phase
advance or delay as a result of receiving an external stimuli
 (the pulse) at different
moments in the cycle of the oscillator. We will assume
 $\varepsilon<0$ througout the
paper, as we are only interested in spatio-temporal
 pattern formation and
$\varepsilon>0$ always leads to the globally synchronized
 state\cite{PRE}. This linear
PRC has physical sense in some situations. For instance,
 it shows up when we expand the
non-linear PRC for the Peskin model of pacemaker cardiac
 cells \cite{Pes} in powers of
the convexity of the driving or in neuronal modelling\cite{Torras}.
 In practice,
however, this condition can be relaxed since a nonlinear
 PRC does not change the
qualitative behavior of the model provided the number of
 fixed points of the dynamics is
not altered. Moreover, a linear PRC has the advantage of
 making the system tractable
from an analytical point of view.

Let us describe the notation used in the paper. The population
 is ordered according to
the following criterion: The oscillator which fires will
 be always labeled as unit 0 and
the rest of the population will be ordered from this unit
 clockwise. After the firing,
the system is driven until another oscillator reaches the
 threshold. Then, we relabel
the units such that the oscillator at $\phi =1$ is now unit
 number 0, and so on. This
firing + driving (FD) process for $N+1$ oscillators can be
 described through a suitable
transformation

\begin{equation}
\vec{\phi}'=T_{k}(\vec{\phi})\equiv\vec{1}+{\Bbb{M}}_k\vec{\phi},
\end{equation}
where ${\Bbb{M}}_k$ is a $N \times N$ matrix, $\vec{\phi}$
 is a vector with $N$
components, $\vec{1}$ is a vector with all its components
 equal to one and $k$ stands
for the index of the oscillator which will fire next.
 We call this kind of
transformation a firing map, and we have to define
 as many firing maps as oscillators
could fire, that is, index $k$ must run from $k=1$
($\phi_1$ fires) to $N$ ($\phi_N$
fires). For example, in the $N+1=4$ oscillators
 case we have that the firing map
corresponding to the FD process where $\phi_2$ is
the next oscillator which do fire,

\vspace{5mm}

\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
$\phi_0=1$ & $\stackrel{\mbox{firing}}{\longrightarrow}$
 & $0$ &
 $\stackrel{\mbox{driving}}{\longrightarrow}$ &
 $1-\phi_2=\phi'_2 $ \\
$\phi_1$ & $\longrightarrow$ & $\mu\phi_1$ &
 $\longrightarrow$ &
 $\mu\phi_1+ 1-\phi_2=\phi'_3$ \\
$\phi_2$ & $\longrightarrow$ & $\phi_2$ & $\longrightarrow$
& $1=\phi'_0$ \\ $\phi_3$ &
$\longrightarrow$ & $\phi_3$ & $\longrightarrow$ &
 $\phi_3+ 1-\phi_2=\phi'_1$
\end{tabular}
\vspace{5mm}

\noindent would be $T_2(\vec{\phi})$

\begin{equation}
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\phi^{\prime}_1 \\ \phi^{\prime}_2 \\ \phi^{\prime}_3
\end{array}
\right) = \left(
\begin{array}{c}
1 \\ 1 \\ 1
\end{array}
\right) + \underbrace{\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & -1 & 1 \\ 0 & -1 & 0 \\ -\mu & - 1 & 0
\end{array}
\right) }_{{\Bbb{M}}_2} \left(
\begin{array}{c}
\phi_1 \\ \phi_2 \\ \phi_3
\end{array}
\right)
\end{equation}
and so on. Once we have defined all possible firing
maps for a given number of
oscillators we can proceed to deal with the attractors
 or fixed points of the system
dynamics. As has been proved in \cite{PRE} these fixed
 points must be cycles of $N+1$
firings. We define a cycle as a sequence of consecutive
 firings where each oscillator
fires once and only once. Mathematically, each cycle is
 described by means of a return
map. The return map is the transformation that gives the
evolution of $\vec{\phi}$
during a cycle and is the composition of all firing maps
 involved in the firing sequence
of that cycle

\begin{equation}
\vec{\phi}'=T_{c_1} \circ T_{c_2}\ldots \circ T_{c_{N+1}}
(\vec{\phi})\equiv\
\vec{R}_{c}+{\Bbb{M}}_{c}\vec{\phi},
\end{equation}
where $T_{c_i} \circ T_{c_j}(\phi)$ is the usual
composition operation
$T_{c_i}(T_{c_j}(\phi))$ and

\[
\vec{R}_{c}=\vec{1}+\sum_{i=c_1}^{c_N}(\prod_{j=c_1}^{i}
{\Bbb{M}}_{j}) \cdot\vec{1}
\hspace{2em} \mbox{and} \hspace{2em} {\Bbb{M}}_{c}=
\prod_{j=c_1}^{c_{N+1}}{\Bbb{M}}_{j}.
\]
Note that not all possible combinations of firing maps
 are allowed, just those ones
whose indices $c_i$ sum $p(N+1)$ without any partial
 sum equal to $q(N+1)$, where $p>q$
are positive integers.

As all firing maps are linear transformations, return maps
 are also linear. There are
$N!$ possible cycles in the $N+1$ oscillators case (all
 permutations of firing sequences
with the initial firing oscillator $\phi_0$ fixed). Following
 our previous example, for
the four oscillators case all possible firing sequences
 and their associated return maps
are

\begin{eqnarray*}
A: 0,1,2,3 \rightarrow T_1 \circ T_1 \circ T_1 \circ T_1
\\ B: 0,1,3,2 \rightarrow T_2
\circ T_{3} \circ T_{2} \circ T_{1} \\ C: 0,2,1,3 \rightarrow
 T_{1} \circ T_{2} \circ
T_{3} \circ T_{2} \\ D: 0,2,3,1 \rightarrow T_{3} \circ
T_{2} \circ T_{1} \circ T_{2}
\\ E: 0,3,1,2 \rightarrow T_{2} \circ T_{1} \circ T_{2}
 \circ T_{3} \\ F: 0,3,2,1
\rightarrow T_{3} \circ T_{3} \circ T_{3} \circ T_{3}
\end{eqnarray*}
Now, in order to find the attractors of the dynamics,
we must solve the fixed point
equation

\begin{equation}
\vec{\phi}_{c}^{*}=\vec{R}_{c}+\Bbb{M}_{c}\vec{\phi}_{c}^{*},
\end{equation}
for every cycle $c$. Formally,

\begin{equation}
\vec{\phi}_{c}^{*}=\vec{R}_{c}\cdot({\Bbb{I}}-{\Bbb{M}}_{c})^{-1}.
\end{equation}
As was shown in \cite{PRE}, there are $N$ different stable
 solutions to the whole set of
fixed point equations. Their stability is assured by the
 fact that $\varepsilon<0$,
since it guarantees that all eigenvalues of $\Bbb{M}_{c}$
 lie inside the unit circle for
all cycles $c$. In our four oscillators example these
 solutions are

\begin{eqnarray*}
\nonumber \vec{\phi}_{A}^{*}= & (1,\frac{3}{4+3\varepsilon},
 \frac{2}{4+3\varepsilon},
\frac{1}{4+3\varepsilon}) & \hspace{1em}  \\ \nonumber
\vec{\phi}_{B}^{*}=\vec{\phi}_{C}^{*}=\vec{\phi}_{D}^{*}
 =\vec{\phi}_{E}^{*}= &
(1,\frac{1} {2+\varepsilon},1,\frac{1}{2+\varepsilon})
 & \hspace{1em}  \\
\vec{\phi}_{F}^{*}= & (1,\frac{1}{4+\varepsilon},
\frac{2+\varepsilon}{4+
\varepsilon},\frac{3+\varepsilon}{4+\varepsilon}) &
 \hspace{1em}
\end{eqnarray*}
Which are a kind of four-oscillators traveling wave,
chessboard and inverse traveling
wave structures.

From now on we will label such solutions with index $m$
($m=1...N$) since their first
component always satisfy

\begin{equation}
\phi_{1}^{*}=\frac{m}{N+1+m\varepsilon}.
\end{equation}
Therefore, in the example, we relabel patterns
$\vec{\phi}_{A}^{*}$ as $m=3$,
$\vec{\phi}_{B}^{*}$, $\vec{\phi}_{C}^{*}$,
$\vec{\phi}_{D}^{*}$, $\vec{\phi}_{E}^{*}$
as $m=2$ and $\vec{\phi}_{F}^{*}$ as $m=1$.

Since there are $N!$ possible cycles and $N$ solutions
 to Eq. (7) there will be some
fixed points or patterns which will appear more than
 once, so, we shall use $C(N+1,m)$
to characterize these degeneracies. In the example,
the values of the degeneracies are
$C(4,1)=C(4,3)=1$ and $C(4,2)=4$. In general, patterns
which are solutions of cycle
consisting in the iterative application of the same
firing map (like A and F in our
example) have no periodicities whereas the ones
solution of mixtures of differents
firing maps (B,C,D and E) have some periodic structure
 that are also solution of Eq. (7)
for a case with less oscillators. In Fig. 1 we can
 visualize the solutions for $N+1=2,3$
and $4$ oscillators and realize that solution $m=2$
for the four oscillators case is a
periodic composition of solution $m=1$ for the two
oscillators case.

\begin{figure}
\centerline{
        \epsfxsize= 8.0cm
        \epsffile{pat.eps}}
        \caption{Graphic representation of the patterns solution of Eq. (7)
        for a small value of the coupling strength $|\varepsilon|$
        at the beginning of the cycle (we must keep in mind that
        spatio-temporal patterns
        are dynamical structures that evolve in time).
        The leftmost square represents $\phi_0$ and the rightmost $\phi_N$,
        and their phase is visualized in a greyscale where black means
        $\phi=1$ and white $\phi=0$. }
\end{figure}

\section{Pattern properties}

As we have seen, the stability of all patterns solution
of Eq. (6) is guaranteed by the
fact that $\varepsilon<0$, but the existence of such
 solutions is not ensured. In fact,
for small values of the coupling strength $|\varepsilon|$
 all patterns do exist, but, as
we increase it, some patterns disappear. The reason is
 that the solution loses its
physical meaning because $\phi_1^*>1$. Their first component
 is always the one that
becomes larger than unity earlier and this happens, for
each $m$ and according to Eq.
(9), when

\begin{equation}
\varepsilon<\varepsilon_m^*=1-\frac{N+1}{m}.
\end{equation}
Our coupling strength range of interest ends at
$\varepsilon=-1$, since at
$\varepsilon\leq -1$ we always find the same pathological
 dynamics which does not have
any physical or biological sense. Realistic couplings
never reach such higher values.
Therefore, as $\varepsilon$ runs from $0$ to $-1$, all
 patterns whose $m$ satisfy
$m>\frac{N+1}{2}$, disappear.

There is another interesting pattern property which has
 to do with the calculation of
the pattern degeneracy $C(N+1,m)$. In principle, to
 calculate such degeneration, we
should solve fixed point Eq. (6) for all possible cycles
 and count how many of them lead
to the same pattern. Although for few oscillators the
problem is quite straightforward,
as we deal with higher and higher number of oscillators,
the number of cycles increases
(it grows as $N!$) and solving Eq. (6) becomes more difficult.
 Fortunately, there is
another way of calculating $C(N+1,m)$ which reduces
the problem to a combinatorial
question. Lets show it through an example, in the
previous four oscillators case, if we
count, for each firing sequence, the number of oscillators
 which have received the pulse
before firing, we can easily realize that this number
 is the same as its value of $m$

\begin{eqnarray*}
A: & 0,\overline{1},\overline{2},\overline{3} &
\hspace{2em} m=3 \\ B: &
0,\overline{1},3,\overline{2} & \hspace{2em} m=2 \\ C:
& 0,2,\overline{1},\overline{3} &
\hspace{2em} m=2 \\ D: & 0,2,\overline{3},\overline{1}
& \hspace{2em} m=2 \\ E: &
0,3,\overline{1},\overline{2} & \hspace{2em} m=2 \\ F:
& 0,3,2,\overline{1} &
\hspace{2em} m=1
\end{eqnarray*}
Here an upper bar means that the oscillator has already
 received a pulse during the
cycle. The point is that it turns out that every pattern
 $m$ corresponds to a sequences
of firings involving exactly $m$ oscillators that, when
 they do fire, had already
received a pulse from their leftmost neighbor. Therefore,
 this property (we have checked
for several values of $N+1$) allows us to associate every
 cycle with the pattern it
leads to, just by counting these kind of firings. Now,
 calculating $C(N+1,m)$ becomes a
straightforward matter. In Table I we have computed
$C(N+1,m)$ for several values of
$N+1$.

\begin{table}
\caption{Pattern degeneracy $C(N+1,m)$. First column
 stands for the number $N+1$ of
oscillators and first row for $m$.}
\begin{tabular}{cccccccccc}
& 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9\\ \hline 2 & 1 &
  &  &  &  \\ 3 & 1 & 1 &  &  &  \\
4 & 1 & 4 & 1 &  &  \\ 5 & 1 & 11 & 11 & 1 &  \\ 6 &
 1 & 26 & 66 & 26 & 1 \\ 7 & 1 & 57
& 302 & 302 & 57 & 1 \\ 8 & 1 & 120 & 1191 & 2416 &
 1191 & 120 & 1 \\ 9 & 1 & 247 & 4293
& 15619 & 15619 & 4293 & 247 & 1 \\ 10 & 1 & 502 &
 14608 & 88234 & 156190 & 88234 &
14608 & 502 & 1
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Apart from brute force counting, degeneracy distribution
 $C(N+1,m)$ can also be
determined from the following relation

\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber C(N+1,m)& = & mC(N,m)+ \\ & &(N+1-m)C(N,m-1),
\end{eqnarray}
for $2\leq m\leq N-1$. This recursion relation is closed by

\begin{equation} C(N+1,1)=C(N+1,N)=1,
\end{equation}
which correspond to the firing sequences

\[
0,N,(N-1)...2,\overline{1} \hspace{2em} \mbox{and} \hspace{2em}
0,\overline{1},\overline{2}...\overline{(N-1)},\overline{N},
\]
respectively.

From the previous relations one can deduce by induction
 the symmetry of the distribution
with respect to its extremes at $m=1$ and $m=N$

\begin{equation}
C(N+1,m)=C(N+1,N+1-m),
\end{equation}
and

\begin{equation}
\sum_{m}C(N+1,m)=N!.
\end{equation}
Another interesting property is the period $\Delta_{m}^{N+1}$
 of each spatio-temporal
pattern $m$. Since all oscillators are in a phase-locked
state, they must oscillate with
the same period. Then, as the intrinsic period of each
 oscillator is one, and when any
oscillator receives the delaying pulse from its
neighbor it has a phase equal to
$\phi_{1}^{*}$, one can easily realize that the
effective period is

\begin{equation}
\Delta_{m}^{N+1}=1+\varepsilon \phi_{1}^{*}=
\frac{N+1+2m\varepsilon}{N+ 1+m\varepsilon}.
\end{equation}
Therefore, the larger the value of $m$, the longer the period
 of its associated pattern.
It is important to notice that we have not fixed the
value of such periods (each pattern
has its own which is different from the others),
since there are some authors who fix
all periods equal to some constant, and use
it as a condition to find the
structures\cite{Dror}.

\section{Pattern selection}

Once we have characterized all spatio-temporal patterns,
we proceed to find some general
formula which give us some estimation of the probability
 of each pattern to be selected,
or in other words, an estimation of the volume of its
 basin of attraction. In order to
achieve this objective, we should understand the mechanism
which lead to the selection
of a certain spatio-temporal structure and how is it
 modified as the parameters of the
model ($\varepsilon$ in our case) change.

There is an easy and straightforward way to get the
 essential features of this mechanism
assuming that the probability of one oscillator to fire
next is, basically, proportional
to its phase (that is, if it has a phase slightly below
$1$ it has a higher probability
to be the next firing oscillator, whereas if it has a
smaller phase, it will rarely fire
next). Imagine the phases of all oscillators randomly
 distributed over the interval
$(0,1)$. Then we let the system evolve till one of the
 oscillators reaches a phase
$\phi_i=1$ and emits a pulse that is received by its
 rightmost neighbor which lows its
phase by an amount $\varepsilon \phi_{i+1}$. Now we
 assume that all phases are again
randomly distributed over $(0,1)$ except the one which
 received the pulse whose phase is
distributed over $(0,1+\varepsilon)$. So, we get rid
of memory effects (we know the
oscillator that has fired should, now, have a phase
equal to zero) and just keep in mind
if each oscillator has received a pulse or has not.
 Therefore, the point is that under
this conditions, the probability that one oscillator
 which has still not received a
pulse do fire is some constant and, on the other hand,
for the ones which had, is this
constant times the factor $(1+\varepsilon)$. Then, we
 can characterize the probability
of having some cycle just by recalling how many
 oscillators do fire having previously
received a pulse during that cycle. Basically, this
 probability is proportional to
$(1+\varepsilon)^{n}$ where $n$ stands for the number
 of oscillators which do fire
having already received a pulse (the product of all
 constant terms will be absorbed in a
normalization factor). This approach, where we assume
 all firings as almost-independent
events, can be viewed as a kind of mean-field
 approximation. Then,as has been shown
before, since cycles leading to the same pattern $m$
 always exactly have $m$ oscillators
that do fire having received the interacting pulse,
 we can give an estimation of the
probability for pattern $m$ selection in the $N+1$
 oscillators case

\begin{equation}
p_m^{N+1}(\varepsilon) \simeq {\cal N}(\varepsilon)C(N+1,m)
 (1+\varepsilon)^m.
\end{equation}
Here ${\cal N}(\varepsilon)$ is chosen so that summation
of the probabilities over m
gives 1

\begin{equation}
\sum_m p_m^{N+1}(\varepsilon)=1.
\end{equation}
In the limit of small coupling strength $\varepsilon\rightarrow 0$,
 which is the more
interesting case for the majority of physical and
 biological systems, one can assume
that interaction plays almost no role when pattern
 selection takes place. That is, the
fact that one oscillator has received the pulse from
its neighbor does not low its
probability to fire as the pulse does not modify
appreciably its phase. Then, we can
consider that all cycles have approximately the
 same probability to be selected,
$(1+\varepsilon)^m \rightarrow 1$, and only pattern
 degeneracy has to be considered to
get a good estimation of $p_m^{N+1}$

\begin{equation}
p_m^{N+1} \simeq \frac{C(N+1,m)}{N!}.
\end{equation}
The dominant pattern, that is, the one which has the
 larger probability to be selected
coincides with the mean value of $m$ (due to the
 symmetric behavior of $C(N+1,m)$).

\begin{equation}
<m>_{N+1}=\sum_{m}m\frac{C(N+1,m)}{N!}=\frac{N+1}{2}.
\end{equation}
For an odd number of oscillators $<m>_{N+1}$ does
not exist and we have a competition
between the two closest patterns $m=N/2$ and $m=(N+2)/2$.
 Recall that the most probable
patterns turn out to be the ones with "shortest wavelengths",
 a fact that was already
reported in simulations of these sort of systems\cite{PhysD}.
 In Figs. 2 and 3 we check
this new approximation for the $N+1=10$ and $9$ case
 and realize that expected results
are in good agreement with simulations data.

There also is the interesting question of how does
this probability distribution
modifies when the number of oscillators increases.
 In Fig. 4 we show $p_{m}$ for
different values of $N+1$. Since there are more
possible values of $m$ available, as we
increase $N+1$, $p^{N+1}_{m}$ diminishes. The distribution
also gets narrower as we
increase $N+1$ and this becomes clear when one
studies the variance of $p_{m}$. It can
be found that

\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber <m^{2}>_{N+1} & = & \sum_{m}m^{2}
\frac{C(N+1,m)}{N!} \\ & =
&\frac{(N+1)^{2}}{4}+\frac{N+1}{12}.
\end{eqnarray}
We could not prove this without an explicit expression
 for $C(N+1,m)$ but we have
checked it N up to $170$. Therefore

\begin{equation}
\sigma^{2}_{N+1}=\frac{N+1}{12}=\frac{<m>_{N+1}}{6}.
\end{equation}
It turns out that for a large number of oscillators
 almost all initial conditions lead
to a pattern whose $m$ approximately falls in the
 interval $<m>_{N+1}\pm
\sqrt{<m>_{N+1}}$. In order to compare it for
 different number of oscillators we have to
normalize $m$ dividing by $N+1$. In that case,
 one observes that $\sigma^{2}_{N+1}\sim
1/\sqrt{N+1}$ so that as we increase $N+1$, the spread
 of $p^{N+1}_{m}$ diminishes
getting the distribution sharpened.

\begin{figure}
\centerline{
        \epsfxsize= 6.0cm
        \epsffile{permu10.eps}}
        \caption{Estimation of $p_m$ for small
        coupling strength in the case of an even number of oscillators
        $N+1=10$ and for a values of $\varepsilon$
        equal to $-0.01$ and $-0.1$. Dashed line follows the theoretical
        values estimated through Eq. (16). We can realize that the smaller
        $|\varepsilon|$ is, the more accurate our estimations are.
        The most probable pattern is $m=(N+1)/2$ and the
        probability for the patterns near the extremes is almost zero due
        to the fast decay of $p_m$ there.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{
        \epsfxsize= 6.0cm
        \epsffile{permu9.eps}}
        \caption{The same as Fig. 2 but now for an odd number of oscillators
        $N+1=9$. We can realize that there is not a peak anymore, instead,
        almost all probability is concentrated in the two competing patterns
        $m=N/2$ and $m=(N+2)/2$.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centerline{
        \epsfxsize= 6.0cm
        \epsffile{permus.eps}}
        \caption{$p_m$ calculated by means of Eq. (17) for different values of
        $N+1$. The distribution gets narrower and the
        height of its peak diminishes as we increase the number of oscillators.
                       }
\end{figure}

As Eq. (14) does not take into account the disappearance
 of the different patterns $m$
at the different values of $\varepsilon_{m}^{*}$
 predicted by Eq. (9), it can not give a
good quantitative estimation of pattern selection for
 higher coupling values.
Nevertheless we can expand Eq. (14) to the leading
 order in $\varepsilon$. For small
$\varepsilon$, $p_m^{N+1}$ are approximated by
\begin{equation}
p_m^{N+1}\simeq \frac{C(N+1,m)}{N!}(1+(m-\frac{N+1}{2})\varepsilon).
\end{equation}
In Fig. 5 we compare this approximation with simulated data.
 The slopes near
$\varepsilon=0$ do agree with Eq. (21).
\begin{figure}
\centerline{
        \epsfxsize= 6.0cm
        \epsffile{epetita.eps}}
        \caption{Estimation of $p_m^{N+1}$ for a system of N+1=6 oscillators
        by means of the linearized Eq. (21).
        For small $\varepsilon$ the slopes match with simulated data. }
\end{figure}
In our simulations we calculate the probability of
 each pattern to be selected just by
counting how many realizations (with $\phi_0=1$ and
 the rest of oscillators with random
initial conditions) lead to each pattern $m$ and divide
 over the total number of
realizations.
\begin{figure}
\centerline{
        \epsfxsize= 6.0cm
        \epsffile{plot4.eps}}
        \caption{$p_m(\varepsilon)$ in the case of $N+1=4$ oscillators.
        In this case, we see that
        although for small coupling chessboard ($m=2$) is the dominant
        pattern, the inverse traveling wave ($m=1$) is the most probable
        pattern for higher values of the coupling strength. Simulations
        are done over 2500 realizations.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centerline{
        \epsfxsize= 6.0cm
        \epsffile{plot5.eps}}
        \caption{The same as Fig. 6 for $N+1=5$.}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centerline{
        \epsfxsize= 6.0cm
        \epsffile{plot6.eps}}
        \caption{The same as Fig. 6 for $N+1=6$}
\end{figure}
Although we only have a good quantitative estimation of
 $p^{N+1}_{m}$ for small values
of $\varepsilon$, Eq. (15) catches the two basic mechanisms
 responsible of pattern
selection. On the one hand, it is clear that for higher
 values of the coupling strength
$|\varepsilon|$, when one oscillator receives a pulse,
it lows its phase to almost zero
and, consequently, its firing probability also does.
Therefore pattern selection
probability $p_m^{N+1}(\varepsilon)$ is strongly controlled
 by the number of oscillators
which have to fire having already received a pulse, that
 is, the probabilistic factor
$(1+\varepsilon)^m$. As a consequence, $p^{N+1}_{m}$ begin
 to decrease sooner when
$|\varepsilon|$ increases, the larger $m$ is. On the other
 hand, for small values of the
coupling strength, interaction plays almost no role and
 $p_m^{N+1}(\varepsilon)$ is
dominated by the degeneracy factor $C(N+1,m)$. Therefore
$p_m^{N+1}(\varepsilon)$ for
the different values of $m$ are basically ordered as
$C(N+1,m)$. In Fig. $6$, $7$ and
$8$ we show results from simulations of $p_m^{N+1}(\varepsilon)$
for different number of
oscillators.

\section{Conclusions}

In this paper we have studied some properties of the
spatio-temporal patterns that
appear in a ring of pulse-coupled oscillators with
inhibitory interactions. We have
focused our attention in estimating the probability
of selecting a certain pattern under
arbitrary initial conditions and have shown the two
basic mechanisms responsible of
that: the degeneracy distribution $C(N+1,m)$, for small
values of $\varepsilon$, and
$m$, the number of oscillators that do fire having
 already received a pulse, for higher
values of $\varepsilon$. According to this, the different
 probabilities of selecting
pattern $m$ start being distributed following the
 degeneracy distribution $C(N+1,m)$,
and, as $\varepsilon$ decreases, these probabilities diminish
 in a hierarchical way: the
larger the value of $m$, the sooner its selection
probability is going to decrease, so
that only patterns with smaller m will survive for
 higher values of $\varepsilon$.
Moreover, some of the structures disappear, at the
 different values of
$\varepsilon_m^*$, during this process. We have found
out an approximation formula for
$p_m^{N+1}(\varepsilon)$ which takes into account all
 these mechanisms and gives us a
quantitative estimation of the different selection
 probabilities for small
$\varepsilon$.

The estimation of the volume of the basin of
 attraction of each spatio-temporal pattern
$m$ also gives us an idea of the stability of
 the different structures with respect to
additive noise fluctuations (for instance, we
 can add some random quantity $\eta$ to all
phases after each firing event or a continuous-time
 $\eta(t)$ in the driving).
Simulations of arrays of noisy pulse coupled oscillators
showed that our most probable
patterns were also the most stable\cite{PhysD}. The present
 paper only concerns
spatio-temporal pattern formation in a ring of
oscillators, nevertheless, all results
are trivially generalized to bidirectional couplings.
Although the question of what
happens when dealing with higher dimension lattices
 remains opened, some simulations
results in 2d \cite{PhysD} showed that almost all
 realizations lead to a chessboard
pattern in analogy with our results in the ring.
That makes us believe we have caught
the basic features of the problem in our 1d model.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

The authors are indebted to C.J.P\'{e}rez and A.Arenas
 for very fruitful discussions.
They also acknowledge extremely constructive suggestions
from an anonymous referee. This
work has been supported by DGICYT of the Spanish
Government through grant PB96-0168 and
EU TMR Grant ERBFMRXCT980183. X.G. also acknowledges
 financial support from the
Generalitat de Catalunya.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


It's a traditional way of prepraring beef. Very tasty, and it is good along with puttu, chappathi and rice. It's a bit heavy dish since it contents fat of both beef and coconut.
Dry fry ingredients 7-10 till it become golden brown.
Grind it to a smooth paste without adding water.
Cook beef with turmeric powder and salt, for atleast 20 mts in low flame.
Heat a tablespoon of oil in a pan and fry coconut pieces.
Add chillies, ginger-garlic paste and saute well.
When it is done to a smooth paste add tomato and saute for 2-3 minutes.
Add the coconut paste and add required water and boil.
Add garam masala and curry leaves.


Little could he have known as he made his way surreptitiously through Germany in 1917 that stone statues in his honor would be discarded in what remained of the country 100 years later.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov was traveling back to Petrograd with the blessing of the German government, then at war with Russia, after hearing of the February Revolution and resulting abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in his native land. It was the end of the Russian Empire.
The Germans recognized that this upstart, better known as Lenin, could be useful in destabilizing their enemy to the east – World War I was still raging – and so they arranged travel for him and his entourage in a diplomatically-sealed train, described later by Lenin as an "extraterritorial entity," from Zürich in Switzerland to Sassnitz on the island of Rügen.
From Sassnitz he caught the ferry to Sweden and made his way to the north of the country where he crossed into Finland – still Russian at the time (though not for much longer) – down via Helsinki back to Petrograd, as St. Petersburg was then known. It had been renamed with the outbreak of the war to remove the German words Sankt and Burg.
Back in Petrograd, Lenin roused his Bolsheviks and called for another revolution, left, returned, left again amid claims he was a German stooge, then returned again to lead the October Revolution. That fella couldn't sit still. The Bolsheviks took over and the rest, as they say, is history. Who knows what would have happened if the Germans hadn't assisted him?
Lenin was able to observe the German countryside as the train trundled northwards. It wasn't literally sealed. But surely he could not have foreseen that the German Empire would also meet its end the following year, its territory greatly reduced, and what remained would be split in two with the eastern part under Soviet influence.
Today, Lenin's stone likenesses attest to the craziness of it all. They're scattered in various places in and around Berlin, not as numerous as they once were. Two fine examples can be found in Wünsdorf, and there's another in Fürstenberg, where he still seems to be awaiting the return of his comrades, clutching a note in his right hand, a look of puzzlement on his face.
Years after he died, Lenin's successors brought him back to Germany for what they assumed was the long haul. The Soviet military had barracks dotted everywhere and Lenin statues were ubiquitous. In the end, the German Democratic Republic (DDR) lasted only 40 years before it was voted out of existence by its own representatives.
Lenin looks like he still hasn't come to terms with the decision. He waits in front of the Haus der Offiziere – the officers' house – one of the few remaining untouched former Soviet buildings in Fürstenberg. Most have been commandeered by investors and converted into German family homes. Maybe Lenin would approve. The proletariat needs somewhere to live after all.
Back in the day, Fürstenberg was home to the Soviet 2nd Guards Tank Army – 25,000 Red Army soldiers. They set up tank barracks, chemical warehouses and clothing warehouses, while the 24 houses that once housed SS guards on the shores of the Röblinsee were used by Russian officers.
But the only army behind Lenin now is the army of ravenous mosquitoes that attacks before you've had a chance to declare your credentials. Mosquitoes are the worst kind of toes, and these toes know something is afoot. There haven't been too many visitors since the last Russians and other former Soviets left in 1993.
They left the Haus der Offiziere and the barracks behind it to crumble in the intervening years, wallpaper flaking off to reveal the newspapers beneath. Some were celebrating 40 years since the heroic victory over the fascists with details of a great parade on Red Square, praising the courage, bravery and sheer general wonderfulness of the Soviet people and the Red Army and anyone in between.
"From the field to the factory – without waste! This is the current attitude of the beet growers working in the Kharkiv region today," the caption says.
"At the Pervyhinskov plant, Ivan Alekseevich Sybbota is laboring away. He is in charge of cutting beets, and successfully completes his given tasks.
No less important to the Soviet Union than Lenin was, Ivan and Lyudmila still wait with him now in Fürstenberg, all holding their breath to see what happens next.
Lenin and Haus der Offiziere, pretty much all that remains of the Soviets' time in Fürstenberg, where once up to 25,000 soldiers were based on the shores of the Röblinsee.
Get the regional train to Rostock from Berlin Hauptbahnhof or Gesundbrunnen and get off at Fürstenberg. It's a bit of a walk from the train station, just over two kilometers, so consider bringing a bike. Come out of the Bahnhof and walk (or cycle) to the main road, then turn right and walk down till Steinförder Straße branches off to your right. Get on that and keep walking till you see the clearly abandoned villa obscured by trees on your left.
Here it is on a map. Lenin will be there to let you in.
There's a chance Lenin won't let you in and you'll have to get in yourself. Go around to the back of the villa. On my first visit the door down through the underground bunker was open, but it was closed again a month later. So you'll have to poke around and find your own best way of getting in. Someone came along and sealed the entrance so it's clear that someone still pays attention. Be careful.
Daytime. And soon – now that it's autumn, the mosquitoes are less ferocious.
5/10. A bit out of the way. Getting into Haus der Offiziere is easy if it's open, difficult if it's not.
Bring your girlfriend/boyfriend for a romantic stroll by the lake. Fürstenberg is actually quite pretty. You can rent canoes and stuff like that.
Bring a torch for the bunker, so you can see where you're going and you're not bumping into stuff in the dark. Also snacks, sandwiches perhaps, a raincoat, whatever you're into. Don't forget your camera obviously, nor some euros for a few beers. Be warned: There are no Spätis in Fürstenberg.
Apart from the aforementioned mosquitoes and some dodgy floorboards that will collapse as soon as you step on them, there are not too many concerns. Watch out for busybodies as usual, keep a low profile and you'll be fine. Check the news before you go – Lenin is always eager for the latest.
Many thanks to Rudi Marnitz for the tip, Varia Fedko-Blake for the translations, Felipe of Fotostrasse for directions, and Mark Rodden for proofreading!
UPDATED: Tuesday, November 7, 2017 – Happy revolution centenary! Updated for the day that's in it with fresh recent photos, the more autumny ones that can be found mostly right or at the bottom of the page, including the bust of Lenin that can be found in some Fürstenbergers' back garden, and the Soviet murals with another Lenin likeness and other slogans undoubtedly proclaiming the sheer magnificence of the union, its army, people and everything else. That is located about three kilometers south of Fürstenberg to the side of the main road. I'll include a pointer on the main map.
For more on Lenin in Germany, check out the excellent Lenin Is Still Around site. They're having an exhibition starting this Saturday and running until Dec. 8 at the 7 Mares wine bar in Kreuzberg. Well worth checking out.
Wow! And I was in Rügen 2 weeks ago. I could have made a stop there.
I can't believe I missed that one! WOW. The area around the city is very beautiful (lake Stechlin, pine forests full of mushrooms - in season) and the town itself is very cute, albeit somewhat destroyed by the B96 road cutting through it (also the Ravensbrueck concentration camp memorial). But this is a real gem. I am ready to go there now!
Unfortunately, after years of being opened, the house was now (well) sealed. I was there last Monday and it was impossible to get in. But the statue and the other buildings can still be visited. And actually there is more to explore in Fürstenberg (including a Lenin-bust and several Soviet reliefs), so it's still worth a visit.
Thanks Carlos! Looking forward to the expo!
visited that place in August 2016..and indeed, there are more Lenin relics in the area..


text:
Home > Programs > Business and Criminal Justice Programs > Criminal Justice: Corrections
Prepare for a Career in Corrections
SJVC's Criminal Justice: Corrections program prepares graduates for a career in Corrections. Our program includes instruction in criminal law, evidence collection and preservation, report writing, institutional corrections, physical agility training, defensive tactics and weaponless defense. Many graduates initially find work in security and develop entry-level work experience while they pursue employment as a correctional officer.
Criminal Justice: Corrections Program Details
Skills Students Learn
Our Criminal Justice: Corrections students learn:
Arrest and control techniques
Courtroom procedures
Firearms use
Evidence collection and preservation
Program Course Examples
Courses* taken by our Criminal Justice: Corrections students include:
This course explores the historical development and philosophy of law as well as reviews the constitutional provisions. In addition, this course defines and classifies a variety of crimes, such as crimes against persons, property and the state.
BSIS Security Officer Academy
This course meets the requirements of AB2880 training for Private Security Professionals as mandated for licensed Security Guards in California Business and Professions Code §7585-7585.20. Topics include Powers to Arrest, Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destructions, Exposed Firearms, Baton and Chemical agents, concepts of arrest, communications, search, report writing, courtroom procedures, testimony, criminal and civil law, public and community customer relations. Upon successful completion the student will receive a BSIS Guard Card license and obtain certification and permits for Exposed Firearms, Baton and Chemical agents. This course further provides the certification for the 32 hours of additional BSIS mandated training, 16 hours of mandated subjects and 16 hours of Elective subjects for a licensed Security Professional.
The BSIS Training Facility Baton (TFB) and Training Facility Firearms (TFF) Licenses held per campus location are as follows:
Antelope Valley (Lancaster): TFB 1329/TFF 1450
Bakersfield: TFB 256/TFF 256
Fresno: TFB 1331/TFF1434
Victor Valley (Hesperia): TFB 1247/TFF 1389
Modesto (Salida): TFB 1330/TFF 1390
Ontario: TFB 1332/TFF 1393
Visalia: TFB 1328/TFF 1435
Criminal Procedures
This course examines the legal processes of search warrants, reasonable cause for detention of a person, probably cause for arrest, criminal trials, procedural hearings and sentencing. This course offers a review of the history of case and common law, conceptual interpretations of law as reflected in court decisions, a study of case law methodology and case research, and how the decisions impact the procedures of the justice system.
*Course listings are subject to change. Reference the SJVC College Catalog for the most current program information.
Our Criminal Justice: Corrections students can earn an Associate of Science Degree in approximately 14 months.
They also earn the following certifications: Standards and Training for Corrections (STC) Adult Core Academy, which includes 8-hour Baton training. Graduates also receive Bureau of Security and Investigative Services (BSIS) certified training in Powers to Arrest, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Firearms, Baton, Chemical Agents, Public Relations, Observations and Documentation, Communications and its Significance, and Liability and Legal Aspects – resulting in (BSIS) Security Guard Card and (BSIS) Security Guard Exposed Weapons permits.
Temecula: TFB 1351/TFF 1559
Our Adult Academy is STC certified through the Board of State and Community Corrections and includes over 82 hours of additional course content beyond the state's minimum, including First Aid and CPR certification and field trips to correctional facilities.
SJVC's Criminal Justice: Corrections program is available at the following campuses:
Victor Valley
Upon completion of the Corrections program, many graduates first find work in Security, while some graduates go directly to work in Corrections.
Security and Loss Prevention Officers can expect to:
Answer alarms and investigate disturbances
Guard premises to prevent theft, violence, and breaking of laws and rules
Monitor and authorize entry or exit of visitors, patrons or employees
Detention and Correctional Officers can expect to:
Maintain security in buildings, towers and other areas of an adult correctional facility
Intervene during emergencies or altercations within a correctional facility
Escort/transport offenders
Admission to the Criminal Justice: Corrections program requires:
Passing score in Admissions assessment
No felony criminal convictions
No misdemeanor convictions that would prohibit applicant from possessing a firearm
No legal conditions that would prohibit applicant from possessing a firearm
Valid California driver license
Applicant must be in good health and physically fit
Applicant must be age 18 by program start date
Enrollment in the Criminal Justice: Corrections program is subject to the approval of the CJC Program Director or their designee.
Applicants must have reliable plans for transportation, child care and time to devote to academic work outside of scheduled class hours.
SJVC's Criminal Justice: Corrections program is certified to provide instruction by the Board of State and Community Corrections (BSCC)/Standards & Training for Corrections (STC) and the Bureau of Security and Investigative Service (BSIS).
Board of State and Community Corrections (BSCC)/Standards & Training for Corrections (STC)
600 Bercut Drive
(916) 445-5073 | http://www.bscc.ca.gov/s_standardsandtrainingforcorrections.php
Bureau of Security and Investigative Services
West Sacramento, CA 980550
(800) 952-5210 | http://www.bsis.ca.gov
San Joaquin Valley College is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges, Western Association of Schools and Colleges, 10 Commercial Blvd., Suite 204, Novato, CA 94949, (415) 506-0234, an institutional accrediting body recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the U.S. Department of Education. Additional information about accreditation, including the filing of complaints against member institutions, can be found at www.accjc.org.
State Approvals
SJVC is a private institution and is approved to operate as an accredited institution by the California Bureau of Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE). Approval to operate means that SJVC has been found in compliance with the standards set forth in the California Private Postsecondary Education Act of 2009 (California Education Code, Title 3, Division 10, Part 59, Chapter 8) and Title 5, Division 7.5 – Private Postsecondary Education of the California Code of Regulations.
Any questions that a student may have regarding the college catalog and/or catalog supplement that have not been satisfactorily answered by the institution may be directed to the Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education at:
West Sacramento, CA 95798-0818
2535 Capitol Oaks Drive, Suite 400
www.bppe.ca.gov
View additional State Approvals for SJVC.
How to Become a Correctional Officer in California
Download Program Brochure
View Consumer Information

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sculptural Art Deco Andirons — Jefferson West, Inc.
Hand made with lots of detail, this well modeled pair of wrought iron andirons show design influences from the arts and crafts and art deco movements.
Materials and Techniques: Wrought Iron, Paint.
Condition: Excellent condition. Ready for installation and use.


A months-long construction project on Interstate 380 in Evansdale will require a nighttime lane closure on Thursday (July 28, 2016).
According to Iowa Department of Transportation officials, northbound traffic will be reduced to one lane near the Evansdale Drive interchange (Exit 68) beginning at 7 p.m. The lane will be closed until 6 a.m. Friday, weather permitting.
That stretch of I-380 shares its route with U.S Highway 20 and Iowa Highway 27.
IDOT officials said the outside lane closer for northbound I-380/Iowa 27 and westbound US 20 traffic is necessary due to guardrail work, which is part of a noise wall project that began in April. The existing 35-year-old noise wall is deteriorating, so crews are in the process of replacing the steel structure with a new precast concrete noise wall.


I didn't see a thread so I'm starting one. I bought a half blocked CCM Series 5 from him and it came as described but the feedneck was loose in the box. On closer inspection the threads had been worn and the feedneck had been epoxied in. This is not negative feedback in any way because when I told ves206 about it he apologized, hadn't known of the issue and offered me a full refund or a big refund and keep the marker. He was an amazing MCB'er and even though the marker came damaged he totally dealt more than fairly. I'm very pleased and give an A++++. Thanks for a good deal.
I purchased a J&J Edge kit from Chris. The item came exactly as described, shipping was very prompt, and the deal was unheard of!
A+ seller as far as I am concerned.
...So no, I don't have a paintball place named after myself because I have a huge head. It's named after me because paintball people showed up to my personal page and never left.
I purchased walz feeder from ves206. Great seller and would do business again.
I bought a Enmey off of him. Great communication. The gun was just as described, packaged extremely well and shipped lightning fast. I hope to do business with him again.
Bought some things from Chris and couldn't be happier with the transaction! Great deal, quick shipping and all and all a great guy to deal with! Look forward to next time! Thanks again!
Bought some Valken Pants from him.
Came super fast and in great condition.
Location: 6000' high in Co.
Great guy to deal with. He hooked me up on a pair of APX pants that I had been looking for. Pants got here fast and look brand new. I couldn't be happier.
Traded with Ves: T9.1 for Geo 2 and rotor. Shipped it fast had good coms, and the stuff was in great condition...would do business with again.
Great buyer. Sold him some stock class goodies. No issues and great communication.


text:
Q: Distribution of the step size of diffusion in 3-dimensional space I need to find the distribution of the random variable
$$Y=\sqrt{X_1^2+X_2^2+X_3^2}$$
where $X_i\sim{\cal{N}}(0,\sigma^2)$ and $\sigma^2$ is related to diffusion coefficient. All $X_i$s are independent. I wonder whether there is a general form for $Y$.

A: Write $Z_i = \dfrac{X_i}{\sigma} \sim \mathcal{N}(0, 1)$.
Then, $$Y = \sigma\sqrt{Z_1^2+Z_2^2+Z_3^2}\text{.}$$
Using a standard result, $Z_1^2+Z_2^2+Z_3^2 \sim \chi^2_3$.
The square root of a $\chi^2_3$ distribution  is a chi distribution with three degrees of freedom. Since we are multiplying this by $\sigma$, we obtain a random variable proportional to a chi distribution with 3 degrees of freedom. One name for this is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Jacobs would consider joining Jets
By Paul Schwartz
March 10, 2012 | 5:00am
It was some Christmas Eve at MetLife Stadium when the Giants administered a 29-14 beatdown on the Jets and afterward, as their paths crossed on the field, a fired-up Brandon Jacobs shouted "It's time to shut up, fat boy!'' directly into the ears of Rex Ryan.
Wouldn't it be something if the next thing Jacobs whispers into Ryan's ear is "Got a job for me, Coach?''
Jacobs, released yesterday by the Giants, turns 30 on July 6, getting up there in age for a big, bruising running back.
UPDATES FROM OUR GIANTS BLOG
UPDATES FROM OUR JETS BLOG
"I got about three good ones left in me, no question … guaranteed three more years left in me," he told The Post, and said he wouldn't mind spending his remaining years with Ryan's Jets.
"I would love to do that,'' Jacobs said. "It would be an opportunity for me to not have to relocate. I got to do what's best for my family. Whichever team it is, I think is going to be a lucky team. I got a lot left in me, got a lot to offer.''
What about those angry words aimed at Ryan? What about Jacobs calling the Jets coach "a disrespectful bastard'' after this season's game?
"That whole thing with Rex Ryan — me and Rex are alike, that's what it is,'' Jacobs said. "We definitely could get along, no question about it. There were a lot of things said in the heat of the battle. It's football. I talk with players on the other teams every week and shake their hand afterwards. I like Rex as a coach, I would definitely play for him. I would not say I wouldn't go there. It would be an opportunity to see how things are on the other side.''
Filed under new york giants
Jets give Sanchez contract extension, end pursuit of Manni...
The best Yankees pitching targets right now


Why ECEEN 10W Solar Panel Charger is the Best Choice to you? The ECEEN 10W Solar Panel Charger is the most advanced folding solar panel charger on the market. There are so many solar panels in market, such around 14watts, 20watts etc. But most phones input design are 1A input limited, consider weather conditions, ECEEN 10Watts output 1.5A is enough, it's more smaller and light weight on outside, why not save your money?
If you have any questions about this product by ECEEN, contact us by completing and submitting the form below. If you are looking for a specif part number, please include it with your message.


The state Highway Patrol is investigating a deadly crash on U-S Highway 12, seven miles north of Townsend.
Troopers were called to the scene late Friday night and found the one car involved in the crash. Investigators say 53-year-old Marguerita Huertas drifted off the side of the road and overcorrected, partially rolling the vehicle. She was not wearing a seatbelt and was ejected from the car in the crash.
No other cars were involved and no one else was hurt.


text:
Backdrops & Draperies
Denver: The second most Gentrified city in the U.S.
A study conducted by the National Community Reinvestment Coalition has revealed that Denver is the second most gentrified city in the United States. The study found out that gentrification was not only contributing to the growth of the city but also impacting the lives of people.
According to Candi Bacca, Denver City's councilwoman, the city had been designed in a manner that glorified racism. People from different races and classes were designated to live in certain places in the city.
Gentrification normally occurs when residents become affluent all of a sudden and drive out the natives.
The study discovered that more than 27 percent of residents within Aurora were gentrified. Although the focus has always been on the city's Five Points, the Northern and Western parts are now feeling the impact.
Becca admitted to the fact that linkage fees applied to developers has not managed to raise adequate funds to fund affordable housing.
She said that there was a need to increase efforts at the state level to implement property laws that will force people to remain at homes in case of a pandemic.
"The linkage fees could not even raise the expected $15 million. At the same time, there is no way we can start imposing taxes on developers out of the blues. It will be viewed as rent control" said the city councilwoman.
So far the Real estate official supports the efforts put by Denver authorities. They said that city's leadership had shown its resolve in achieving the goal of affordable housing.
"I want to express my appreciation to what Denver is doing to construct more houses for low-income earners. I have visited other municipalities and I haven't seen much work as it has been done here" said Aaron Miripo, President of the Urban Land Conservancy.
Urban Land Conservancy buys buildings and land for the purposes of developing them into affordable housing and business units.
Meripoli asserted that there's a need for a broader approach in tackling the problem of gentrification – particularly for situations that involve companies with huge tracks of land.
We would like to remove the question of land so that real estate companies don't take advantage of the market rates to push local residents.
The increase in the value of property and taxes have forced out many local businesses and residents from Five Points Denver – something that has greatly changed the historic neighborhoods of black communities.
This has led to calls by locals to change the wealthy and famous River North District to its original name – Five Pints.
Shannon Martin who is championing the changes said that the history of Five Points is slowly being erased.
"I have deeply been troubled an article in 2018 glorifying the so-called River North District. Most states know about RiNo and don't have an idea about Five Points" said Shannon.
Shannon's dad owned a business for 26 years in Five Points - before his demise. Martin Shannon is pushing to have the name changed so as to uplift the living standards of people of color.
Written by Matt Holovach
Categories: Denver
Something to Add?
We stand behind the quality of our work and the lights that we provide. For more information on our warranty.
Denver Illuminations
600 17th St #2800
Servicing: Aurora, Broomfield, Boulder, Denver, Erie, Lafayette, Louisville, Thornton
© 2021 Denver Illuminations Privacy Policy | Terms of Use |
Another Amazing Web Design


IT has been my passion from my childhood on. I got my first PC when I was 11 and I could not get enough of it. With 16 I started creating my own websites and at the age of 17 I was already programming my first games. From that time on it was clear to me, that my future would be related to IT because I love it!
As BDM I'm primarily involved in marketing and sales activities with the goal to develop the business for the product SecurePIM.
I decided to start my own journey in the IT world and set the mission to create awesome digital products, that help people to achieve great things.
In charge for the product developtment for the enterprise mobility solution SecurePIM. Besides conducting competitive analysis & market research, I was in charge for sales & marketing strategy as well as product development.
In order to safe development cost and gain competitive edge, I helped my company to build up a nearshoring center in Yerevan, Armenia. As the managing director I was in charge for recruiting, budgetig and leading the software development teams.


Hop on over to Marathon in the Florida Keys, a family-friendly destination filled with activities for everyone such as golf, world-class diving and snorkeling, boating, opportunities to swim with dolphins, stroll the white sand beaches and enjoy an abundance of water sports like kayaking and stand up paddling.
Going to take to my knees today, to pray for it being a beautiful Easter Sunday for you, that everything feels new, and that you get everything you're praying most desperately for, too. You're in my best hopes, loves.
📞🛎🔑🗝Vi lener oss fremover og gleder oss til å åpne dørene igjen tirsdag..
A beautiful day yesterday for a nice intimate wedding for our special couple.
Last nights set up at the base of Snowdon. Don't get me wrong we love the coast but sometimes you gotta go deep in them mountains 🏔 .
Do you picture yourself sitting in front of this stunning view and living an unforgettable experience in Mykonos?
Easter celebrations are over for our families @the.uncommon.room.
The kids are all still awake, not showered and still wearing todays Easter eggs on their face.
Wakey wakey! Everyone is rather perky this morning, believe it or not... And here is the view from Boudoir, our beautiful bedroom for the weekend.
Do you enjoy gazing at the magnificent views over the #VictoriaHarbour from your guest room like @bhogg_96 does?
Dear Wanita Indonesia 🇲🇨 Kalian Hebat, Kalian Kuat & Kalian Luar Biasa.
When hit by boredom, I begin to frequent my addiction to manufacturing my own reality - through perspective drawing, incidents of light, laws of optics and ever returning desire for Italy. And it always teaches me a great deal.
This particular drawing is lagging a year behind as its content represents ideas conceived back in university, and I have found my way out of those thick woods already last summer. Nevertheless, the buildings of my final year are not a dead concern and still vaguely present in my consciousness. This image is of a nonexistent cathedral square in London. The square stands as a vacuum in the big city order. The usual rules of such city - small rental apartments with broken blinds, with object and furniture densities that resemble antique shop or jeweller's shelf where every single centimetre of surface has its own purpose, compartment and use - here are counterbalanced by the magnificent uselessness of the square.
The reality-inspiring logic of linear perspective drawing is somewhat an absurd deviation from the actual life that rarely takes on a clearly linear progression and straightforward way. We roam in circles, on broad paths, move backwards and forwards inconsistently, often we shrink, recede, dissolve instead of growing and expanding. Hence the great pleasure of clinging to the unfailing standard perspective rules - with objects looming large in the foreground, the gradual disappearance of them, further degrees of subtraction, volumes losing significance as they decrease towards the horizon and drift into absolute nonexistance. An architectural norm, in short. An order disturbed only by occasional reflections of the opposite side in facade windowpanes. One can look at these manipulated scales without confusion and without punctuation, with one's gaze shifting from one thing to another like thoughts.
You are better off buying a one way ticket to Italy 🎫 — after staying at @casaprivata there is no way you will want to go back to reality! #casaprivata #italysegreta #italylikealocal 📷 @kristyleecross @valentinexparker @epeeters @casaprivata .


text:
Q: How can I determine pacing based on a value in my dataframe if its rank is volatile to change? Below I have an example dataframe:

Rank
Color
Mentions

1
Green
40102

2
Red
30231

3
Blue
30111

4
Yellow
29844

5
Orange
13944

Essentially, I want to know the pacing with the color Red.
Example: Red is 32% behind the most mentioned color.
I could just do:
df.loc[(df['Color'] == 'Green')].iloc[0][1] to get the 40,102 value and df.loc[(df['Color'] == 'Red')].iloc[0][1] to get the 30,231 value - to just compute it from there.
I am tracking Red every week, so if they become number one, I would say they are pacing % ahead of whoever is in second.
But since the rank changes on a weekly basis, how can I determine the mentions value of who is second behind Red if they were to be #1, or how far behind to whoever is #1 in mentions?
I'm trying to automate this so that I wouldn't have to adjust the loc formulas every week. Is there a method or formula to accomplish this?
Thanks!

A: why not just sort the array and then use if test if red is number one or not
df = df.sort_values(by=['Mentions']).reset_index(drop=True)
if df.Color.iloc[0] == 'Red':
    #enter logic for case Red is nomber on
    red_value = df.Mentions.iloc[0]
    sec_color = df.Mentions.iloc[1]
else:
    #do logic for case Red is not number one
    first_place =df.Mentions.iloc[0]
    red_value = df.loc[(df['Color'] == 'Red')].iloc[0][1]


To complete the required amount of time for some service. The senator announced that he would not be seeking reelection, but that he would serve out the rest of his time in office. Because of good behavior, the inmate was allowed to serve out the rest of her prison sentence in minimum security.
to carry out one's duty or responsibility for the whole time, all the way to the end. She was unable to serve her term out. The convict served out his sentence in solitary confinement.
To complete some period of service: The criminal served out his sentence in a minimum security prison. After she serves out her term as governor, she will probably run for the Senate.


Ekam's Room freshener range has unique collection inspired by fine fragrances. This is perfect choice for the people who are real admirer of class and luxury. The room freshener formula is devised for long lasting impression when sprayed.


If Yes what size Onesie/shirt and Color are you ordering?
Any specific type of pattern you would like the colors?
Will this order need to be shipped?
If yes, to where is it being shipped?
*ONCE I RECEIVE YOUR ODER FORM I WILL SEND YOU AN INVOICE TO CONFIRM YOUR ORDER ALONG WITH MY PAYPAL INFROMATION TO SUBMIT PAYMENT.


text:
For Business › The USK › Frequently Asked Questions › What is the USK and what are its responsibilities?
The German Entertainment Software Self-Regulation Body (USK) is a body set up by the associations of the computer games industry. Its Registered Office is in Berlin. It is a non-profit making, limited company owned by the company "Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle Unterhaltungssoftware GmbH."
The shareholder of this company is the German association of the games development, manufacture and distribution industry (game – Verband der deutschen Games-Branche e.V.). Although this shareholder bears the economic risk of the limited company, they are not responsible for the procedures leading to age rating symbols.
The USK ensures that games can be tested both technically and in terms of their content for the wide range of game platforms. Tasks carried out by the USK also include the organisation of the Classification Committees, classification deadlines and the necessary continuing training for all those involved in the classi cation procedure. The USK is advised by an Advisory Council. The Advisory Council stipulates the principles and classification regulations by which the USK operates and approves games testers and child protection experts appointed to their posts.
Members of the Advisory Council include representatives from the churches, the media education community, the Federal Ministry for the Family, the Supreme Youth Protection Authorities of the Federal States, the Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons (BPjM), youth organisations, the Commission for the Protection of Minors in the Media (KJM) and the computer games industry.


There are two competing ideas in the world of standards. On the one hand, you have the ANSI notion that shared language creates a steady platform for improvement. On the other is the more sophisticated notion that standards are a set of questions that should always be asked.
The first approach answers the question, "What are we talking about?" The second tries to unearth something deeper, "Why are we doing this in the first place?" The first way is all about tactics. The second, all about strategy.
To make electric plugs fit in electric sockets, you need the first kind of standard. When the project involves making things mate properly or measuring consistently across contexts, the clear shared definitions are an imperative. If you want to solve the problem in a way that yields the deepest possible value to the company, you go the second route.
As mentioned in last week's profile of Gerry Crispin, SHRM is mounting an effort to bring standard definitions to HR. The idea is that if everyone can agree on the meaning of terms (like "cost per hire", referral program, retention, assessment, interview, background check, performance management, talent management, recruiting, sourcing, job description, turnover, attrition, gens x, y and z), we'll be able to discover generalizable principles. Consistency in hand, all of the energy wasted on conversations that use the same words to mean different things will be saved. Then, we'll march on into a professional linguistic utopia.
The alternative approach is being championed outside of the US National boundaries. Neil McCormick, who is in charge of Government and Enterprise Talent Solutions at Talent2, is the point man. The firm is Asia-pac's largest Human Resource Consultancy with offices in 45 cities. McCormick is a persuasive evangelist with a score of successes under his /content/view/28/58/">cialis wiki belt.
One of the most interesting things I've discovered during the course of interviewing people for the Top 100 Project is that The US is not necessarily the leader in HR and Recruiting Issues. The domestic HR agenda is obscured by compliance, political correctness and a lack of meaningful training institutions. Beyond American borders, HR focuses on business value.
Some of the best thinking on the topic is being done in Australia, Canada, the UK and Asia. In non-US settings, HR operations like Talent2 cover the entire spectrum of HR functions from executive search and advertising agency to RPO and HRO. Functions that compete with each /content/view/28/58/">cialis wiki other through separate buying channels within HR are cojoined in single entities outside of the country. This makes for single point of contact and easy access to executive decision makers.
Most HR and Recruiting operations in the US find their customers well below the executive offices. That's a key part of the problem.
Neil's broad spectrum HR standards initiatives are the strategic underpinnings of Talent2. A unified framework coupled with deep decision making experience places the firm in the lead position for the development of a single record, single agenda HR operation. It's a concept that's relatively foreign to domestic american theorists.
He's starting to see the emergence of a unified HR discipline that is focused on delivering specific business outcomes. He sees a sudden emergence of a need for business intelligence about the business itself. HR is the logical source.
This can sound like all so much gobbledygook.
Neil's influence comes from his persistent evangelism. Given a platform and delivery vehicle like Talent2, he has the luxury of guiding implementation projects that prove the theory out. If you can imagine a fully integrated HR department that constantly aligns its objectives to the shifting needs of its host, you're on the right track. Neil's projects use evidence and data to drive HR to deliver results that are meaningful to the business.
For my money, when HR standards finally emerge, they are going to have Australian roots.
It would be great if SHRM would look at their certification exams and design them to represent what human resources professionals actually do every day. The professionals I have questioned about the exam tell me that it is all about memorizing what is in the training manuals. How is that helpful to us? Of course people are impressed with credentials and they assist with being credible, etc. However, do we really utilize all of the information required on the exam or do we memorize the answers to pass the test. I am just curious.
I am blessed to know Neil quite well. He is one of the industry visionaries who really "gets" the real HR value proposition. Australia and much of Asia-Pac have experienced workforce shortage far more severe than the States. Consequently, they have taken the forefront in doing more with less which translates into workforce optimization.
It just so happens that workforce optimization translates in business optimization. We have much to learn from our Aussie friend.
Comments on the drafts are actively encouraged.
It's great to see Standards in HR are getting a significant degree of attention. My colleagues Dr Chris Andrews and Richard Boddington are certainly doing a lot of the "heavy lifting" with this project and have contributed enormously to the success thus far.
The combined HR Standards and Standards Framework is just one of the required faceits in the (needed) evolution of Human Resource practice.
The repeatability of quality measurement through the application of Human Resource Performance Audit adds another layer.
The final pieces include the methodologies and process and framework to support constant linkage and alignment of Business Outcome and the Human Capital required to deliver it.


text:
Q: How do I detect a finger moves into or moves out of a widget I wonder what's the best way to detect if a finger moves into or moves out of a widget, without lifting the finger?
By that I mean, for example, if I have a bunch of containers lives inside a parent container, after touching down, without lifting the finger, I move across the screen, and get notified about the containers my finger leaves and enters.
I think it should be done by adding a Listener to the parent container and listen for onPointerMove event, find a container that contains the finger position. But I have no idea how to compare finger position with container position.

A: The type of thing you are asking for can be done using RenderBox and GestureDetector.
I've prepared a demo for you so you can refer it on this gist.


We will also provide your physician or a subsequent health care provider with copies of various reports that should assist him or her in tre3ating you once you're discharged from this hospital.
For example: A bill may be sent to your or a third-party payer. The information on or accompanying the bill may include information that identifies you, as well as your diagnosis, procedures, and supplies used.
Revoke your authorization to use or disclose health information except to the extent that actions has already been taken.
We reserve the right to change our practices and to make the new provisions effective for all protected health information we maintain. Should our information practices change, we will mail a revised notice to the address you've supplied us, or if you agree, we will email the revised notice to you.
If have questions and would like additional information, you may contact the practice's Privacy Officer, Jennifer Brooks at (940) 627-0013.
Fund raising: We may contact you as part of a fund-raising effort.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA): We may disclose to the FDA health information relative to adverse events with respect to food, supplements, product and product defects, or posting marketing surveillance information to enable product recalls, repairs, or replacement.
Law enforcement: We may disclose health information for law enforcement pruposes as required by law or in response to a valid subpoena.


Mingtai Al. is both a 1/16 thick 4x8 3003 mill finish Aluminum Sheet price in Canada manufacturer and supplier with 20 years experience. So factory price is available. Besides, we use the finest raw material to improve the product quality. Mingtai Al. can manufacture 1/16 thick 4x8 3000 Series Alloy Aluminum 3003 price in Canada with many alloy and tempers, and it can be cut to size at customers` need.
Mirror Aluminum Sheet main products are 1xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx Aluminum Alloy Sheet, mirror aluminum is mainly used in lighting, interior decoration, electronic products shell, signs and other fields. Typical alloys are 1060, 1100, 3003, 3004, 3005, 5052 and the like.
Mingtai aluminum is a professional Finished Mirror Aluminium manufacturer in china, There are Finished Mirror Aluminium suppliers in Canada to promote the best prices and services for you.
Looking for ideal 1/16 Thick Mill Aluminum Price Manufacturer & supplier ? We have a wide selection at great prices to help you get creative. All the 4x8 3003 Aluminum Sheet are quality guaranteed. We are China Origin Factory of Canada Aluminum Sheet Price. If you have any question, please feel free to contact us.


text:
Tag: Sedan
09/30/2016 09/26/2016 Laurence Jones 1950's, Cadillac, Sedan, Streets of San Francisco
(Found In) The Tenderloin (San Francisco, California): 1959 Cadillac Series 62 4 Window Hardtop Sedan
Whether you consider the 1959 Cadillac a zeitgeist or stereotype on wheels; you're right. No other car sums up the last theatrical breath of the middle decade of the last century to so many eyes like the cream crop cars from General Motors that paraded their proud feathers worldwide starting in the fall of 1958.
What they held, what they hid, was confidence and charisma in the absolutely ordinary. Beyond the wildness that might have been expected, they didn't take as much of a risk as rivals that survived the decade did.
Continue reading "(Found In) The Tenderloin (San Francisco, California): 1959 Cadillac Series 62 4 Window Hardtop Sedan" →
09/26/2016 09/08/2016 Laurence Jones 1950's, Imperial, Mopar, Streets of San Francisco
(Found In) The Tenderloin (San Francisco, California): 1950 Imperial Deluxe Four Door Sedan
We've spoken earlier about the Imperial Image problem. From the introduction of the brand in 1926 through 1954, it was positioned as the most premium Chrysler. That problematic push towards the glass ceiling of luxury brands always saddled Imperials with the upper middle class respectability of the Chrysler brand. The challenge, alongside sharing a heavy commonality with Chrysler cars, was being accepted as a legit full luxury competitor to Cadillac, Lincoln and Packard.
Compared to early depression era Imperials, the last that feathered flamboyance on buyers, the first Post-War Imperials doubled down on sturdy, stodgy and secure engineering and styling. The Post-War do-it-yourself motto shifted the palate of the most premium Chryslers from limousines towards a push at self-actualized luxury that would lead to Imperial becoming a separate marque by mid-decade.
Continue reading "(Found In) The Tenderloin (San Francisco, California): 1950 Imperial Deluxe Four Door Sedan" →
09/12/2016 09/04/2016 Laurence Jones 1950's, Ford Motor Division, Mercury, Orphan Brand, Sedan, Streets of San Francisco
(Found In) Lone Mountain (San Francisco, California): 1959 Mercury Park Lane Cruiser 4 Door Hardtop Sedan
We've discussed before how choosing the name Mercury for its middle class brand might have been FordMoCo's biggest mistake. Selecting the celestial body known to astrologically put the most mix-ups in our lives was just right for conjuring up a make full of surprises and shadows.
This Mercury Retrograde we once again trace back to the heady times of 1959, from the alternate perspective of a top of the line Park Lane, all dressed in Black. Different in mission and purpose than the bare bones Monterey, we'll see how it was supposed to be a giant killer and a bridge to bigger things, but had to retrace its steps under the age of McNamara.
Continue reading "(Found In) Lone Mountain (San Francisco, California): 1959 Mercury Park Lane Cruiser 4 Door Hardtop Sedan" →
08/22/2016 08/19/2016 Laurence Jones 1950's, Orphan Brand, Packard, Sedan, Streets of San Francisco
(Found In) The Tenderloin (San Francisco, California): 1956 (Packard) Clipper Super Sedan
Although the voyage was almost over, the (Packard) Clipper was one mighty ship. Full of technological advances, most reserved for the premium revamped Packards of 1955, they should have held the tiller til brighter successes throughout the rest of the 1950's.
Many factors prevented their efforts at buoying the fleet of Packards while exploring the Medium-Price field against Oldsmobiles, Buicks, Chryslers and Mercuries. All but in name, they were the final formal Packards, and some of the finest to boot.
Continue reading "(Found In) The Tenderloin (San Francisco, California): 1956 (Packard) Clipper Super Sedan" →
07/25/2016 07/25/2016 Laurence Jones 1960's, Cadillac, General Motors, Outside in Oakland
(Found In) Downtown Oakland (Oakland, California): 1964 Cadillac Sedan DeVille
Finned and Fancy, Cadillac seemingly could do little wrong in the early 1960's. Recognizing continuity as a cash cow and cementing a legacy, Cadillac style and substance found itself setting in stone a luxury legacy that still stands 50 years later.
Improvements under the skin, the best that General Motors would offer buyers, gave many luxury buyers possibly the best bargain on the globe. Effortless, peerless performance, seductive silence and still swanky style kept these jewel boxes on 4 wheels interstate royalty envied globally.
Continue reading "(Found In) Downtown Oakland (Oakland, California): 1964 Cadillac Sedan DeVille" →
05/27/2016 05/26/2016 Laurence Jones 1950's, General Motors, Oldsmobile, Outside in Oakland
Rockets start to fall back to the earth after they pierce their way into outer space. That's pretty much the legacy of Oldsmobile during the second half of the 50's. As the Overhead Valve V8 performance revolution Oldsmobile inspired in 1949 spread to all popular priced cars in the middle of the decade, the laurel brand of Lansing found itself in a dilemma.
Where was the athlete to go when so many challengers to the crown were on the track and field? Was it mission impossible to attempt to maintain the performance crown? Was adding luxury and maintaining consistency the key to longevity, success and praise?
Continue reading "(Found In) Temescal (Oakland, California): 1957 Oldsmobile Golden Rocket 88 Holiday Hardtop Four Door Sedan" →
05/09/2016 05/08/2016 Laurence Jones 1960's, Mopar, Plymouth, Sedan, Streets of San Francisco
(Found In) Golden Gate Park (San Francisco, California): 1962 Plymouth Fury Four Door Sedan
You shouldn't believe everything you hear over dinner party chatter. Especially when you're already on the ropes with your business. Chrysler Corporation seemed perpetually going just askew of where buyers wanted for a good portion of the Post-war era.
First the boxy post-war efforts, then the lack of an Automatic transmission, then the quality debacles of The Forward Look to some rather interstellar looking land based transit as the decade clock ticked over into the 60's, it was a surprise that Highland Park found buyers for their wares. Yet another goof greeted them for 1962.
Continue reading "(Found In) Golden Gate Park (San Francisco, California): 1962 Plymouth Fury Four Door Sedan" →
03/31/2016 03/31/2016 Laurence Jones 1970s, Ford Motor Division, Fuselage, Lincoln, Outside in Oakland
(Found In) Clawson (Oakland, California): 1973 Lincoln Continental 4 Door Sedan
Much can be said for the foreboding presence that many a vintage domestic luxury sedan exudes. With forty-plus years of changing automotive trends, a premium offering like a 1973 Lincoln Continental perhaps tells even more of a story compared to when they were new.
As a cross between 1960's restraint and 1970's isolation, these Continentals struck a Goldilock's "just right" once you got past the intimidating presentation.
Continue reading "(Found In) Clawson (Oakland, California): 1973 Lincoln Continental 4 Door Sedan" →
03/11/2016 03/11/2016 Laurence Jones 1980s, General Motors, Oldsmobile, Streets of San Francisco
(Found In) Civic Center (San Francisco, California): 1985 Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 4 Door Sedan
In so many ways for the last rear-wheel drive Oldsmobile 88, it was the same at the ending as it was at the beginning. Once the star of the horsepower race, over time the Oldsmobile 88 became your average middle class car for Ordinary People. It wasn't so much a fall from grace one might expect. Moreso the manifestation was consistent conservatism for Lansing's biggest bread and butter loaf.
For 35+ years, the 88 gave reliable doses of 6 passenger comfort, smooth rides, quiet operation and a decent surge of V8 power. Soon enough though, the double-eight badging would have little significance as the march of badge engineering acted as a stick of dynamite against the GM Sloan ladder from the 1920s. It continued to splinter and crack under the weight of more profits and more competition for a shrinking class of buyer.
Continue reading "(Found In) Civic Center (San Francisco, California): 1985 Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale 4 Door Sedan" →
02/19/2016 02/19/2016 Laurence Jones 1970s, General Motors, Oldsmobile, Outside in Oakland, Sedan
(Found In) Oak Center (Oakland, California): 1970 Oldsmobile Ninety – Eight Holiday 4 Door Hardtop Sedan
The Oldsmobile Ninety Eight had made a career of stating "why buy a Cadillac?" The distance between what the Oldsmobile offered at a 25-30% discount over a comparable edition of The Standard Of The World often made the Ninety Eight seem like the most sensible sensation in the Near-Luxury field.
Quite often, the details of this most premium of Oldsmobiles actively upset product managers at Cadillac. The "Deep Discount DeVille" matched with the sterling reputation Oldsmobile cultivated for decades, but most importantly in the post-war market, set the groundwork for the brands stratospheric rise during the "me" decade of the 1970's which found the brand even ahead of Ford at points for the #2 spot on the sales charts. Continue reading "(Found In) Oak Center (Oakland, California): 1970 Oldsmobile Ninety – Eight Holiday 4 Door Hardtop Sedan" →


text:
'we enjoy making it for the world' | Interview with LONER
Admin April 12, 2021 Interviews
There are still plently of producers which are loyal to hardware.
Unorganized sounds put in a unique way.
First, please turn off quantization.
Now listen to this one below.
Damn that's a tough one dude, Ι've always been really bad at these questions. Uhh, I Ιguess melancholy, airy and lush. I guess that's what Ι want it to be hahaha.
Who/what inspired you to make music?
Honestly the things that inspire me the most are the beautifully talented people around me, all of my friends make really dope shit and seeing them and their process just makes me stoked to continue to make things. Also its a labor of love because you never really know where a song or idea is gonna end up and to see it through is an amazing thing in & of itself
You have released two full EPs Loner and Bloom the previous years. In what state of mind does Shed find you?
Restless and excited to continue this project. I've got other projects and kelly (foreignlocal.) The other half of this project also has a bunch of creative ventures going on but personally Ι find this project to still be one of my favorites, there's something about it that's effortless and it just makes sense to me Ι dunno. I was heavily depressed when making all of this music and Ι think it shows, i tend to crank out a bunch of things when Ι'm experiencing this crippling depression that sneaks in more times than not.
In Shed you used hardware such as MPC2000XL, SP404 , tape saturation and guitar pedals… In the dilemma 'hardware fan vs software productivity', I guess you pick the former? Considering also parameters such as cost etc. what would be your advice to young producers who build their home studio?
Ya know, its hella funny because I often get approached about whether or not I'm a gear snob or some shit like that and honestly hell the fuck nah, I don't think the equipment makes good music or whatever, its definitely in the hands of whoever it is that's making it. The only thing is that these analog machines and shit I work with have straight up nuances and weird fuckin parameters to them that make shit just sound cool to me but honestly you can make dope shit on anything, it just depends on what you're going for and the steps you're willing to take to get there and whatever. I've poured a bunch of time into figuring out the MPC, I've been fuckin with it for like 10 years at this point and I'm still learning hella shit but even if I just stuck to like logic or learned Ableton, I would still want to make shit sound like the weird ass shit that comes out of the MPC and other gear, idk man its just what sounded cool to me hahaha.
Also I was really lucky to have access, my homie was movin' in with me and he's the one who showed me the basics on how to sample and chop and work with it and he had his for years and an extensive record collection with a bunch of cool shit and it was just sitting in my apartment, I think it was the month of October in 2011 that I got jumped by like 6 people and got my fuckin ass whooped, fractured my skull and I was bedridden during the recovery so that's when I decided to learn how to make music with the MPC, for months all I could do was get up and walk my broken ass to the MPC and just sample and chop for hours until I fell asleep. As far as all the youngins tryin' to build a studio, shit man just go for it and do the most with what you got, don't trip too hard on having a piece of gear and if you can spring for it then absolutely do it but just make shit, that's the whole point i think. Analog machines and gear are definitely not as accessible as yaknow a DAW because gear costs hella money and its kind of intimidating figuring it all out but again, do the most with what you got just don't be afraid to go for it!
Related to the previous question, do you have any plans in terms of live performances? And what are the technical difficulties performing trip hop live?
Yea dude definitely when things start to reopen, after the pandemic chills out and we can all gather were gonna play some shows, I really want to tour with this new stuff we've been making. We're working on a full ass album right now and it would be sick to share that with the world, I love performing and doing things live, its a different world than just being cramped in my art studio (other side of the living room that is in a mess of wires, papers everywhere, pens and paint and ink and ash from weed, I also drew the cover art for the previous EPs so having an art space and music space gets cramped). The technical difficulties I think have always been making sure the fuckn show isn't boring, like idk man there's something about just showing up to a show with a big ass amp and just an SP404 and kelly doing vocals that can just end up being a little stale, I always incorporate a lot of improvisation with doing noise and other samples in between to keep it fresh and engaged, I usually will bring a bunch of guitar pedals and my guitar to keep it interesting for the audience and for me and kelly.
Over the years, Trip-Hop's popularity has relatively decreased in terms of its audience, however, the genre maintains loyal fans when it comes to emerging artists. As we are also experiencing a revamping of the '90s culture, we'd like to ask you whether you think that it can make a strong comeback and also the reasons why you love making Trip-Hop in the first place.
I mean I definitely think that it can make a comeback of some sort, I feel like there are artists that use elements of trip hop and contain remnants of it but I also have a really hard time thinking music has to be really rigid and tied to genre restraints. I dunno, I guess I don't really feel trip hop ever disintegrated, it just morphed and became implemented in different ways in stuff like dream pop and genres like that, I guess the more overt hip hop rhythms didn't carry over which is what makes it so but idk man its still there just fragmented and elaborated upon but who knows.
Which song of your own making characterises you the most (& why)?
As for the recent songs we've made (which are unreleased at this point but will be put out as singles within the coming weeks) there's a track called "day to day" that we recently completed and I think everything of it just kind of encapsulates what we've been going for. This project is extremely personal to me and I think kelly is on the same page with that, the lyrics she writes for this seem so personal and open, like you're peering into someone's wound and it refuses to let you look away, a bleeding heart almost. As for the past songs, I think "sedated" off of bloom perfectly captures what were about, sonically and technically and just overall. It's a very honest song.
Do you have any plans in terms of live performances?
Make it weird and engaging in the best way possible. Lots of visual aspects, I been playing around a lot with VHS stuff and figuring out how to distort it, which is something I've always wanted to incorporate, idk the vision for this project has become more clear within the past few years and were trying to do stuff with more intent and focus. The live stuff will be filled with noise, unsettling visuals and hopefully beautiful melodies and lush vocals.
What do you do during the day, when you are not making music?
Smoking way too many cigarettes and worrying about things that probably don't need to occupy that much space in my mind but I cant help it, bartending to eat and maintain doing what I love as well. Also spending way too much time tinkering with all my equipment, drawing and taking on too many creative projects all at once. Losing my mind in the best way. Thanks for asking these questions and letting me talk about what I love, thank you for listening and I hope anyone reading this remembers that they are amazing and rare. Hope everyone enjoys what we make, because we enjoy making it for the world. peace!
Thanks LONER!
Follow LONER
Soundcloud/Bandcamp/Spotify
2021 release, California, LONER, Trip-Hop, USA
Previous Throwing Snow – Brujita [Review]
Next 'Music, to me, is a magical cure' | Interview with Fuimadane


Joyce is one of the founder members of the band.
A classically trained violinist taught by a pupil of the late great Max Rostal, she was brought up on Scottish country dancing by her Scottish mother and as a result has a great feel for dance music.
She was introduced to the Scottish fiddle by Achiltibuie fiddler Kenny John Macleod as a teenager and that was the end of the dancing and the start of a lifetime of fiddling.
Joyce has been the church organist and Choir Director at St Leonard's church, Bursledon since she was 17 and as well as playing in the band she has been a member of the City of Southampton Orchestra and a freelance musician for many groups and Operatic societies.
Joyce teaches violin for the local music service and for many years she led a very successful children's music workshop at the Sidmouth Folk Festival and one of the nicest things to happen is to find some of those children (now grown up!) are performing in the folk world.
Joyce is responsible for running the band and for keeping the rest of them in order! She plays a Bridge Electric Fiddle.