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Young Oil Co. v. Racetrac Petroleum, Inc.
Retailer does not violate fuel marketing act by selling gasoline at below-cost retail price in order to meet competitors' prices despite rising wholesale fuel costs.
The full case caption appears at the end of this opinion. COOK, Justice. We granted the petition of the plaintiffs Young Oil Company and others (collectively "Young Oil"), pursuant to Rule 5, Ala. R. App. P. , for permission to appeal a partial summary judgment entered in favor of the defendant Racetrac Petroleum , Inc. We affirm. The facts and the dispositive issue involved in this dispute were thoroughly discussed by the trial court in its order now being challenged by the appellants. Because we agree with the trial court's disposition and with its rationale in all material respects, we quote here all material portions of that order: "THIS CAUSE came before the court upon the motion of Plaintiffs Young Oil Company, National Refining Company, Holmes Oil Company, Inc., Chatham Oil Company, Inc., John T. Davis Oil Company, Inc., and Cougar Oil Company for partial summary judgment and upon the cross-motion of Defendant Racetrac Petroleum, Inc., for partial summary judgment against Plaintiffs pursuant to Rule 56, Ala. R. Civ. P. "I. THE ALABAMA MOTOR FUEL MARKETING ACT. "Alabama is one of many states which (have enacted 'below-cost' statutes) governing the sale of motor fuel. That statute is known as the Alabama Motor Fuel Marketing Act (the 'AMFMA' or the 'Act'). The stated purpose and intent of the AMFMA is to curb predatory pricing for the protection of consumers and promoting fair competition in motor fuel marketing. Ala. Code (1975), 8-22-3 (1993 Repl. Vol.). See also BP Exploration & Oil, Inc. v. Hopkins, 678 So. 2d 1052, 1053 (Ala. 1996). "More importantly to the facts of this case, although the AMFMA contains a proscription against below- cost sales, 8-22-8 (b) of the Act expressly allows below cost sales made in good faith to meet the equally low price of a competitor in the same relevant market: " '(b) It is not a violation of this chapter if any price is established in good faith to meet an equally low price of a competitor in the same market area on the same level of distribution selling the same or a similar product of like grade and quality or is exempt under Section 8-22-13.' Ala. Code (1975), 8-22-8 (b) (1993 Repl. Vol.) . "II. THE ISSUE BEFORE THE COURT. "A. The Parties Are in Substantial Agreement Regarding the Construction of the AMFMA. "The parties are in substantial agreement on what would and what would not create liability under the AMFMA. First, both parties agree that under the AMFMA, a retailer of motor fuel can legally lower its retail price below the retail price of all its competitors as long as it does not lower its price below its actual cost. "Second, (the) parties agree that the Act expressly allows below-cost sales made in good faith to meet the equally low price of a competitor in the same relevant geographic market. See Ala. Code 8-22-8 (b) (1993 Repl. Vol.) . Thus, a retailer can sell below its cost without violating the Act as long as it is selling at or above the price of a competitor. "Third, the parties also agree that it is a violation of the Act if a retailer knowingly establishes a price below cost and below the price of all of its competitors, i.e. , without meeting competition. The parties further agree that, under this scenario, even if a competitor subsequently lowers its price to meet the illegally established price, the retailer that illegally established the price cannot then justify its illegally established price by asserting the 'meeting competition defense.' For example, Retailer A violates the Act if it knowingly establishes a retail price of 95c for regular unleaded gasoline that is both below its cost and below the retial price of all competitors. In addition, even if a competitor, such as Retailer B, subsequently lowers its price to match Retailer A's price, Retailer A cannot, under those circumstances, assert that it was meeting Retailer B's price under the 'meeting-competition defense' because Retailer A established the 95c price in bad faith in violation of the Act. "B. The Issue — The 'Rising Wholesale Theory.' "In the instant case, the disagreement concerns the requirements of the Act when the wholesale price of motor fuel is on the rise. In particular, the parties request that the court declare whether a violation of the AMFMA occurs where a retailer (i.e., Racetrac) sells motor fuel at a retail price initially above its statutory cost1 and equal to one or more of its competitors, but then due to an increase in the wholesale cost of fuel, the retailer (Racetrac) and one or more of its competitors while matching one another's retail price, are placed in a below-cost selling situation. In other words, under these circumstances, may a retailer such as Racetrac assert the 'meeting-competition' defense under Ala. Code (1975), 8-22-8 (b) (1993 Repl. Vol.) "The parties have identified this scenario as the 'Rising Wholesale Scenario' and Plaintiffs' argument as the 'Rising Wholesale Theory' and agree that Racetrac, on one or more occasions, has sold motor fuel in the manner set forth below. In particular, the parties have presented the court with the following example illustrating this issue: "Assume that there exist three retailers, A, B, and C, who are each selling regular unleaded gasoline at $1.00 per gallon. Retailer A's statutory cost is 95c. Retailer B's statutory cost is 97c. Retailer C's statutory cost is 98c. "Next, assume that Retailer A lowers its retail price to 96c (1) above its statutory cost). Retailers B and C lower their retail price to 96c, meeting A's new retail price. Both B and C are below their statutory cost but are in compliance with the AMFMA because each has met Retailer A's lower retail price. "Several weeks later, market conditions change and the wholesale price of regular unleaded gasoline begins to rise, increasing A's statutory cost from 95c per gallon to 97c. Consequently, each retailer is now selling below its statutory cost (A is 1c below its statutory cost; B is 3c below its statutory cost; and C is 4c below its statutory cost.) "Although each retailer is now selling below its statutory cost, none wants to initiate an increase in its retail price. "The issue is whether the three retailers in this scenario may assert the 'meeting-competition defense' to avoid liability under the AMFMA. Racetrac contends the defense is available to all of the retailers who are matching each other's price. Plaintiffs contend the defense is available to Retailers B and C, but not to Retailer A. Plaintiffs contend the Act requires that under the 'Rising Wholesale Theory,' Retailer A must be the first of the three retailers to raise its retail price back to 'at or above' its statutory cost since it was the first retailer (of the three) to lower its retail price, i.e., Plaintiffs contend a 'First Down / First Up Rule' should be imposed. Plaintiffs further assert that Retailer A's failure to be the first to raise its retail price to 'at or above' its statutory cost would constitute a violation of the Act. Plaintiffs ask this court to find that under such market conditions, Retailer A cannot assert the 'meeting-competition defense' with respect to (the prices of Retailers B and C) but that, Retailers B and C can assert the 'meeting-competition defense' with respect to Retailer A's retail price. "By contrast, Racetrac contends that under the 'Rising Wholesale Scenario' the 'meeting-competition defense' is available to all of the retailers who are selling below statutory cost but who are matching the retail prices of one or more of their competitors. Racetrac contends that Plaintiffs' proposed construction of the Act is novel and violates the plain, unambiguous provisions of the Act ; that Plaintiff's construction is impracticable to implement ; that it would ignore market realities and would require cost-prohibitive and unduly burdensome record keeping neither required nor contemplated by the Act ; and that Plaintiff's construction would, in fact, harm competition. Racetrac contends Plaintiffs simply seek to rewrite the Act to proscribe conduct not otherwise discernible from the language of the Act for Plaintiff's own anticompetitive purposes. … "The court conducted oral arguments on June 11, 1998, on the issues raised in both motions, and these issues were briefed and argued extensively by counsel for the parties. Having considered the evidence of record, the relevant provisions of Alabama statutes, the arguments of counsel, and being advised in the premises, for the reasons set forth herein the court denies Plaintiffs' motion for partial summary judgment and, in turn, grants Defendant Racetrac's motion for partial summary judgment in its entirety. "III. CONSTRUCTION OF A PENAL STATUTE "From the outset it is noted that the AMFMA must be strictly construed in Racetrac's favor and against Plaintiffs because penalties that may be assessed under the AMFMA render it penal in nature.2 In particular, 8-22-16 imposes a forfeiture or penalty for transgressing its provisions. See State ex rel. Galanos v. Mapco Petroleum, Inc., 519 So. 2d 1275, 1283 n.3 (Ala. 1987) (noting that 'the substantial civil penalty authorized by the (AMFMA) would in all likelihood require a mens rea element …'). See also Ports Petroleum Co., Inc. v. Tucker, (323 Ark. 680,) 916 S.W.2d 749, 753 (1996) (holding that the civil-fine provision in Arkansas's gasoline below-cost pricing statute made it a penal statute and, thus, subject to strict construction). "The Supreme Court of Alabama has also consistently stated that '(p)enal statutes are to reach no further in meaning than their words.' Clements v. State, 370 So. 2d 723, 725 (Ala. 1979), overruled on other grounds, Beck v. State, 396 So. 2d 645 (Ala. 1980) (citations omitted). See also State ex rel. Graddick v. Jebsen S. (U. K.) Ltd., 377 So. 2d 940, 942 (Ala. 1979) (holding that 'penal statutes are to be strictly construed in favor of the persons sought to be subjected to their operation'). … Furthermore, '(n)o person is to be made subject to penal statutes by implication and all doubts concerning their interpretation are to predominate in favor of the accused.' Clements, 370 So. 2d at 725. "This rule of narrow construction is rooted in the concern of due process, and the belief that fair warning should be accorded as to what conduct is illegal and punishable by deprivation of liberty or property. … In other words, one is not to be subjected to a penalty unless the words of the statute plainly impose it. … "In addition, the court's ability to construe the AMFMA is limited. Under Alabama law, in a statutory construction case, the beginning point must be the language of the statute, and when a statute speaks with clarity to an issue, judicial inquiry into the statute's meaning, in all but the most extraordinary circumstance, is finished. … "… Accordingly, under Alabama law, when the words of a statute are plain and unambiguous on their face, there is no room for judicial construction, Steele v. Steele, 623 So. 2d 1140, 1142 (Ala. 1993) ; IMED Corp. v. Systems Engineering Associates Corp., 602 So. 2d 344, 346 (Ala. 1992), and the court must enforce the statute as written by giving the words of the statute their ordinary, plain meaning, thus giving the apparent intent of the Legislature. "IV. INTERPRETATION OF THE STATUTE. "Applying these well-established principles of statutory construction to the parties' claims, the court first turns to the language of the statute. One of the central issues (in) this dispute is what actions constitute the 'establishment' of a price for purposes of the 'meeting-competition defense' under the AMFMA. As set forth above, 8-22-8(b) provides, in relevant part, that '(i)t is not a violation of this chapter if any price is established in good faith to meet an equally low price of a competitor …. Ala. Code (1975), 8-22-8(b) (1993 Repl. Vol.) (emphasis added). "The word 'establish' was not used by the legislature as a word of art with an assigned statutory definition in the sections of the Act. It must therefore be construed as having the general definition assigned by usage. A resort to any dictionary will disclose that within the broad confines of the word 'establish' there exist many meanings. As stated by one court, '(a)mong the many definitions of the word 'establish' is one which defines the terms as 'confirm' or 'validate.' See, e.g., Gnadt v. Durr, 208 Kan. 783, 788, 494 P.2d 1219, 1223 (1972). "In the instant case, Plaintiffs … argue that once Racetrac lowers its price and establishes a new price, any decision made on a subsequent day to remain at that same price does not constitute the 'establishment' of a price under the Act for purposes of the 'meeting- competition defense.' So, for example, in the 'Rising- Wholesale Theory' example above, after Retailer A lowered its price to 96c, Plaintiffs argue Retailer A cannot thereafter assert that it is 'establishing' a price by choosing to match Retailers B and C by remaining at that same 96c price. The court finds plaintiffs' argument is … wholly inconsistent with the language of the Act and the way (retailers) establish prices. "The undisputed evidence shows that retailers make pricing determinations (to raise, lower, or stay at the same price) on a regular basis. … The evidence did not indicate that Racetrac simply lowers its price, remains at that price, and never takes another survey of the market. … Every time Racetrac surveys its competitors' prices, it is considering the market as it exists for that moment in time, for that particular Racetrac or Raceway store, for that grade of gasoline surveyed. In other words, as Racetrac considers a new set of market factors each time a survey is taken, it does, in fact, 'establish' a new price with each survey whether that new price is increased, decreased or 'confirmed' at the same level. "Applying these (considerations) to the 'Rising- Wholesale Theory" example, after Retailer A lowered its price to 96c, if it takes surveys of the market and is matching its competitors' prices … then it is, in fact, considering new market factors with each survey taken, and it is 'establishing' a new price by choosing to match Retailers B and C at its 96c price. "Moreover, although Plaintiffs maintain that a retailer must affirmatively lower its price to actually 'meet' a competitor's price under the Act, their argument is internally inconsistent. The term 'meet' means to match, whether a retailer has to increase its price, decrease its price or maintain its price to match a competitor's price. In other words, a downward movement in price is not a prerequisite for asserting the 'meeting-competition defense'; it may require only that the retailer maintain its current price equal to that of a competitor. "Finally, other provisions of the Act itself support Racetrac's (proposed) daily-market-view approach because it specifically looks to the facts that exist on a single day, for a single store, for a single grade of gasoline. See 8-22-16(a) (1992 Repl. Vol.) (which provides, in part, that '(e)ach day that a violation of this chapter occurs shall be considered a separate violation'). "The court also (notes) that, under the plain meaning of the statute, the 'Rising-Wholesale Market Scenario' is not addressed under the AMFMA or, more importantly, under the 'meeting-competition defense.' Indeed, there would have to be a significant amendment to or rewriting of the AMFMA to effectuate Plaintiff's proposed interpretation of the Act and, in particular, the so-called 'First Down / First Up Rule.' Additionally, the construction, in practical effect, would require a presumption that all of the retailer's competitor(s) then at the same retail price, are selling below their statutory cost since no retailer can truly know its competitor's cost of doing business. "In fact, in their briefs and during the hearing on this matter, defendant Racetrac presented several examples of why implementation of the 'First Down / First Up Rule' would be impracticable and why, in fact, it could actually harm competition and artificially increase the price of gasoline to the consumer, two outcomes clearly inconsistent with the intent of the Act. "In addition, Plaintiffs have presented no decisions, state or federal, construing the AMFMA or any similar 'below-cost' statute in the manner so urged, and they have not otherwise established to the court's satisfaction that their proposed construction of the Act has been fairly disclosed to be within its scope. … There is also no evidence that Plaintiffs' proposed construction of the Act is based on legislative intent. … Based on these findings, the court would be hard pressed to conclude that any provision of the Act can be said to fairly disclose that a retailer, who in good faith legally lowers his price and remains above his cost, violates the Act if, when wholesale prices begin to rise and overtake his price, he fails to initiate an increase of his price to 'at or above' his cost while his competitors remain at the lower price. His competitors may, in that circumstance, raise their prices, thus forcing the retailer who led the market down to raise his price at least up to where it would again match ('meet') a competitor's price. "Even if one were to assume any efficacy of Plaintiffs' alternative construction, i.e., that Retailer A would have to determine or presume (even in a market with high margins) that its competitors were all selling below cost and that Retailer A must, therefore, initiate an increase in its price, the Act provides no guidance concerning the length of time Retailer A would have to maintain its newly increased price where the competitors fail to increase their prices. In other words, how long would Retailer A have to remain at the higher retail price before it could decrease its price to meet the competitor and assert a 'meeting-competition defense' Although during oral argument Plaintiffs propose(d) a 'reasonable-time' standard, the Act is silent on this issue, and the court is reluctant to rewrite the Act to impose such a standard. That is the purview of the Legislature and not that of the court. Were the Legislature so inclined to draft a statute similar to the construction urged by Plaintiffs, it would certainly need to evaluate a time after which a retailer would again (be able to) meet competition by setting its price equal to its competitors that had remained at the low price. "Moreover, it is also well established that if a statute is subject to two interpretations, one rendering it constitutional and the other (rendering it) unconstitutional, the Legislature will be presumed to have intended a meaning consistent with the constitutionality of its enactment. Eagerton v. Exchange Oil & Gas Corp., 404 So. 2d 1, 8 (Ala. 1981), aff'd in part, rev'd in part on other grounds, (Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton,) 462 U. S. 176 (1983); Tyson v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 399 So. 2d 263, 271 (Ala. 1981); Ex parte McCurley, 390 So. 2d 25, 29 (Ala. 1980). In this case, there exists a valid constitutional construction of the AMFMA as set forth by the Supreme Court of Alabama in McGuire Oil Co. v. Mapco, Inc., 612 So. 2d 417 (Ala. 1992). Racetrac's interpretation of the Act and, in particular, the 'meeting-competition defense,' is consistent with the construction in McGuire Oil …. "By contrast, the construction of the Act urged by Plaintiffs could undermine the general intent defense available under the Act by potentially penalizing innocent acts by requiring a presumption under the 'Rising Wholesale Price Scenario' that all of the competitors of the accused retailer (i.e., Retailer A in our scenario) are selling below their statutory cost. Second, it appears to the court that a commonsense interpretation of the Act mandates that a retailer's intent be measured at the time the retailer acts, i.e., when it actually establishes a price, and not retrospectively as urged by Plaintiffs. In other words, did Retailer A decrease its price in good faith to a price either above its statutory cost or, if below its statutory cost, to match the lower price of a competitor "In addition, the AMFMA does not penalize petroleum marketers such as Racetrac for an increase in market share (and concomitantly, a loss of market share by its competitors) resulting from a more efficient operation. Such losses of market share are simply an ordinary consequence of accepted marketing principles and practices. As stated by the (Court of Civil Appeals): "'(I)t is part of the normal competitive process for competitors to be 'injured' when they lose customers to a marketer who offers the public a lower price. Such 'injury' is not what the (A)MFMA addresses. Rather, it is injury to competition … due to certain unlawful sales tactics, such as selling motor fuel below cost ….' Star Service & Petroleum Co. v. State ex rel. Galanos, 518 So. 2d 126, 130 (Ala. Civ. App. 1986). Plaintiffs agree that Racetrac generally has lower costs. To the extent that Racetrac is more efficient and can lower the cost of gas, these lower costs can be translated into lower pump prices to the benefit of the consumer without violating the AMFMA. "What the AMFMA and similar statutes do proscribe is 'predatory pricing.' In fact, the Act specifically provides that "(s)ubsidized pricing is inherently predatory' Ala. Code (1975), 8-22-2(4) (1993 Repl. Vol.). … "…. "Price reductions that constitute a legitimate, competitive response to market conditions, as in the instant case, are not inherently predatory. … The court (concludes) that Plaintiffs' proposed construction must be rejected because it allows inferences of predatory conduct to be too easily drawn thereby deterring legitimate, pro-competitive behavior. A legal price reduction by Retailer A (or by Racetrac) to a price above statutory cost to gain market share cannot be transformed into an act of prohibited predatory pricing by the occurrence of an event beyond Racetrac's control such as a subsequent increase in the wholesale price of gasoline at a time that Racetrac and one or more of its competitors are matching each other's prices. Since they are 'meeting competition,' no violation of the Act has occurred. "… The Legislature is perfectly capable of implementing … policy. If, in this case, the Legislature had intended for the AMFMA to encompass the 'Rising Wholesale Price Scenario' and the 'First Down/First Up Rule,' then it (c)ould have so provided. It did not so do, and this court cannot by judicial fiat amend the Act. "Accordingly, the court denies Plaintiffs' motion for partial summary judgment and, in turn, grants Defendant Racetrac's motion for partial summary judgment … and declares as follows: "A violation of the Act does not occur where Racetrac sells motor fuel at a retail price initially above its statutory cost and equal to one or more of its competitors, but then due to an increase in the wholesale cost of fuel, Racetrac and one or more of its competitors while matching one another's retail price are placed in a below-cost selling situation. Under these circumstances, a retailer can assert the 'meeting – competition' defense in Ala. Code 8-22-8 (b) (1993 Repl. Vol.)." "1 Statutory cost is comprised of the wholesale cost of the fuel, taxes, freight and general overhead. "2 Section 8-22-16 provides, in part, as follows: "'(a) Any person who violates this chapter shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 per violation for each offense. Any such person shall also be liable for attorney fees and shall be subject to injunctive relief. Each day that a violation of this chapter occurs shall be considered as a separate violation.'" (Some footnotes omitted.) We agree with the trial court's order as quoted, and we adopt it as part of the opinion of this Court. Under that approach, of course, Young Oil must rely on "self help," namely, its own decision to raise its price above the floor set by Racetrac in order to move Racetrac's price upward (hereinafter "the self-help" approach). To the trial court's comments, we add some of our own. First, the issue presented in this case does not fall within the plain language of the statute. In other words, to adopt Young Oil's proposed First Down / First Up Rule would require us to extend the language of the statute beyond its plain meaning. Second, we recognize that the self-help approach is not entirely free of difficulty. Neither, however, is the approach urged by Young Oil. Indeed, the First Down / First Up Rule would involve impracticabilities in addition to those expressly noted by the trial court. One question that would certainly arise, for example, is which retail competitor, B or C, in the trial court's example, would be required by the First Down / First Up Rule to raise its price first, after Retailer A, the price leader, raises its price above cost Assume, in other words, the following scenario: Retailer A posts its price at $ .96 per gallon, when the statutory cost is 94c per gallon. The next day, Retailer B and Retailer C reduce their prices to their below-cost price of 96c per gallon to "meet" A's price. Next week, because of an increase in the wholesale price, Retailer A's statutory cost rises to $ .98 per gallon. The following day, Retailer A raises its price to $ .99 per gallon. However, that increase leaves the prices charged by Retailer B and Retailer C still at $ .96 per gallon. Young Oil concedes that such a situation would "eliminate the defensive posture of competitors B and C." Appellants' Reply Brief, at 21. Moreover, as we understand Young Oil's argument, both Retailer B and Retailer C could use the "meeting-competition" defense vis-�-vis each other. But neither Retailer B nor Retailer C wants to be the first to raise its price; hence, this litigation. Logically, the First Down / First Up Rule would require both Retailer B and Retailer C to determine which competitor had been the first to arrive at the 96c-per-gallon rate. With little imagination, it can be seen that this scenario, and, no doubt, others of which we are as yet unaware, would involve an inordinate amount of record keeping. Finally, the self-help approach is not inconsistent with our caselaw construing the AMFMA, and 8-22-8 (b) in particular. It is not, for example, inconsistent with McGuire Oil Co. v. Mapco, Inc., 612 So. 2d 417 (Ala. 1992). That case involved the following question, certified to this Court from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit: "Can a defendant under the AMFMA invoke the 'meeting competition' defense contained in 8-22-8(b) when the defendant prices motor fuel one or two cents below the price set by its competitors" 612 So. 2d at 423. More specifically, the defendant in that case argued that the "'meeting- competition' defense" allowed it to reduce its price, and then, when a competitor lowered its prices to that level, further "lower its price below the (competitor's) price." Id. (emphasis added). This Court rejected that contention, noting that "meeting competition," according to the defendant, actually meant "beating competition." Id. We stated that the statute "is clear and unambiguous," and that it "cannot be read so as to allow one defendant-competitor to undercut another plaintiff-competitor's prices and then contend that by doing so it is meeting competition." Id. We explained that 8-22-8 (b) "should not be used offensively to ensure that a defendant's price of gasoline will always be below its competition." Id. (emphasis added). That is not the argument made by Racetrac in this case. Racetrac argues only that it should not always be the first retailer to raise its price from a level it shares with competitors. For these reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. AFFIRMED. Hooper, C.J., and Houston, See, Lyons, Brown, Johnstone, and England, JJ., concur. Maddox, J., concurs in the result.
Young Oil Co. V. Racetrac Petroleum, Inc. YOUNG OIL CO. v RACETRAC REL: 12/17/99 SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA OCTOBER TERM, 1999-2000 1980144 Young Oil Company et al. v. Racetrac Petroleum, Inc. Appeal from Autauga Circuit Court (CV-95-082)


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Q: Adding new elements to mysql tables through html I am trying to add new elements to my mysql table through html
So far I've got this
    <form action="MyCurrentFile.php" method="post" >
         Artist Name
         <input type="text" name="addingnewelement"

         <input type = "submit" name = "Submit" />
     </form>

and this
   <?php
     if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
         $addingelement=$_POST['addingnewelement'];
         $mysqli->select_db("names", $names);

         echo("this code is running");
         $sql='INSERT INTO names (nameValue) VALUES ('.$addingelement.')';
         $mysqli->query($sql, $mysqli);
         $mysqli->close($mysqli);
    }
    ?>

Is there anything on my syntax wrong? the code does not give me any error, all that happens is that I press my button to update with my input but nothing happens.

A: you need to put hte artist name as the label and close the input, and make the name of the submit button the same as in your other page.
<form action="MyCurrentFile.php" method="post" >
   Artist Name
   <input type="text" id="artistName" name="addingnewelement" value=""/>
   <input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit"/>
</form>

also your sql query is wrong - it should be:
$sql="INSERT INTO names (nameValue) VALUES ('".$addingelement."')";

A: Your SQL query is wrong. Please replace this live:
$sql="INSERT INTO names (nameValue) VALUES ('$addingelement')";

A: the submit button name is Submit with capital S but you are using isset($_POST['submit']) with small s
correct this. it will work..
and also if    $sql='INSERT INTO names (nameValue) VALUES ('.$addingelement.')'; not working then try
$sql="INSERT INTO names (nameValue) VALUES ('".$addingelement."')";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Unbelievable: Meet The Woman Who Drinks Her Own Dog's Urine ,expert warns against it
The woman and her dog
A woman has made a startling claim about how drinking her dog's urine has helped her cure her acne. A woman has claimed drinking her own dog's urine helped clear her bad acne in this horrifying video.
'Many of you have asked me how I always look so good, how my makeup always looks so perfect, or how I always have this natural glow,' the unnamed American woman says in the clip.
Using a plastic cup, the woman collects urine from her dog before drinking it in full during the minute-and-a-half clip.
The horrifying video appears to be real after the woman is able to chug the cup of urine right after she collects it from dog.
'Until I first drank my dog's pee, I was depressed, I was sad, and I had bad acne,' the woman says after finishing the cup.
'Dog pee also has vitamin A in it, vitamin E in it, and it has 10 grams of calcium, and it's also proven to help cure cancer.'
She would usually get the urine from the dog
Drinking dog or human urine is known as urine therapy, and it was a practiced form of therapy in ancient China, Rome, Greece and Egypt.
But experts warn about the impact the substance can have on the health because of the toxins and acids that can reside in the urine.
'Urine is mostly made up of water, lots of urea, creatinine, various electrolytes, uric acid, trace proteins, and low levels of antibodies and enzymes,' Joy McCarthy, a certified holistic nutritionist, told Allure.
She says that drinking urine from an animal could be an unsafe route for the body because what the liquid might contain.
'Herbicides have been detected in dog's urine, likely from herbicide-treated lawns, antibiotics, and hormones, so I really don't know that it's the safest choice,' Joy says.
A common misconception people have is that drinking ones own urine could help in a survival situation to prevent dehydration.
She would then drink it
But the US Army Field Manual actually instructs its soldiers to not drink their urine because it might contain 'harmful body waste.'
As for the woman's claim that the urine could cure cancer, there lacks a sufficient amount of evidence to support the method.
Dr. Amy Shah, a functional medicine doctor,tells Mind Body Green that small amounts of urine therapy could be beneficial, but she would not prescribe it as a cure for diseases at the moment.
'While most of urine is water, waste, and urea, I still cannot recommend this as a viable alternative to the many diseases it is touted to cure,' she says.
'We have more waste in our systems today than we did thousands of years ago.'
Consuming that waste without anything filtered out could cause more harm than good compared to the modern medicine available, Dr Shah explains.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Last year, my sister in law informed me that finding a dime in a random spot was a sign that a departed loved one was nearby and looking out for me. She said that when her sister had passed away, she began to find dimes everywhere-only dimes-not loose change as you might expect. Skeptically, I thought back to my teaching days and to the penny launching craze that lasted far too long. Kids would place a penny between thumb and middle finger, then snap their fingers and send it zinging through the air. Complaints about putting someone's eye out couldn't stop the offenders, who got very good at concealing the action and I must admit, accurate with their aim, as no eyes were put out that I knew of. Pennies would litter the halls and I reasoned that since they are no longer in circulation, and nickels are perhaps too thick, dimes have replaced pennies in this "game." Hence the seemingly random discovery of dimes-but no other coins.
My skepticism persisted but it has been somewhat shaken up, as often happens when you learn a little about how others see the world. When we got back to our hotel room after visiting an ailing relative, not long after my sister in law told me about the dimes and their significance, we found a trail of five dimes leading up to our doorway. Now, several factors have to come into play for a person to find money on the ground: you must be looking down; debris and patterns should be minimal; you usually are not moving quickly. Also, the likelihood of finding something does not seem to increase just because you are looking for it-just try dropping a screw when you are say, installing new vertical blinds-finding that screw can take forever as you incredulously sweep your hand back and forth where you swear it fell, fanning out in wider more thorough scans until stupidly you find it under the couch, nowhere near the blinds.
Anyway, my point is, it does not seem too likely that a person will find money, especially when not looking for it. In order to prove this, one statistician decided to invest money that he found but he would not let himself look for money. He claims, "that the typical person doing typical things has about a 45% chance of finding a non-zero amount of money each day." Note that his statement just says, money, not dimes. It seems to me that the probability of finding dimes would be down around five percent (totally non-mathematical estimation, there) yet, if you wanted to believe that the dime meant something, it would appear that you found them at a higher rate, since the more you think about something the greater the chances that you will bump up against a confirmation bias, wherein your opinions tweak reality to conform with what you already think.
Later, after our relative had passed, we found dimes all over the house when generally we do not strew money about. Each time, we would tell each other and make a note to tell my sister in law, as she was surely the one most in need of hearing these stories. It was her belief, after all. That was last year and I don't recall finding a dime on its own or accompanied by others since then.
Christmas morning, I went for a run before we headed up the valley for the day. I had the trails to myself and my camera at the ready, hoping for some Christmas chickadees or at least a junco or two. Instead, I stopped again at the ice formations where one of the channels runs from the lake. I decided to make a short video, because the sound of the rushing water under the ice was so special. As I recorded, I thought of my mom, who loved a good creek. I contemplated other people who might be missing loved ones and at the same time I was grateful to be able to get out in the fresh air and move my limbs and look forward to family time and traditions. And of course, there in the frosty grass, I spied a dime that I was definitely not looking for.
I only met two people that morning after my big find. The first person lost a partner to death last year and though we don't know each other well, we shared a hug and a Christmas greeting. As I resumed my run, I contemplated going back to tell her about the dime but decided against it; a story about the meaning of found dimes felt too insubstantial to lessen her grief and might even have been offensive. Connecting with another person and feeling part of a community seemed likely to offer more comfort. But still, the message of the dime was not lost on me. It pointed out that those who have passed are but a thought away; it gave me a shiny reminder that there are mysteries that have many possible interpretations.


text:
Whitman-Hanson principal hopes to foster a community atmosphere
Mike Melanson
Aug 27, 2007 at 12:01 AM Aug 27, 2007 at 10:53 PM
New Whitman-Hanson High School Principal Ed Lee said he plans to bring the community together and make education a team effort.
Lee, 48, started at Whitman-Hanson on July 1, after six years as principal of the Hanover Middle School.
�We developed a wonderful family atmosphere at Hanover Middle School with students and staff members. I hope to continue that fine tradition here at Whitman-Hanson, to be a member of the Whitman-Hanson High School family,� he said.
Lee is coming from a middle school with about 920 students.
�I encourage my teachers and my students and everyone around me to be lifelong learners, to extend, so this is really an opportunity for me to do the same,� he said. �Like any good family, we may agree to disagree, but we still come back to the same table.�
This is Lee's first position in a high school, but not his first time as an administrator. He was assistant principal at Solomon Lewenberg Middle School in Mattapan for eight years and dean of discipline at the Edwards Middle School, where he also taught science and English as a second language, for nine years.
�I think I'm role modeling being a lifelong learner. I can tell you it's humbling. I realize I'm on a learning curve, but that's OK,� he said.
�I'm dealing with a slightly bigger and taller clientele,� he said.
Lee will be present at a Sunday workshop on citizenship for fall student athletes organized by Athletic Director James Daley.
Lee also plans to meet with teachers today and to discuss positive attitude and team building when he addresses students on Wednesday.
�I want every student to feel that they belong to the Whitman-Hanson High School community,� he said.
Lee said his philosophy of discipline is simple, �You should always take care of yourself, take care of others and take care of your environment.�
Lee, who studied public health at the UMass-Amherst, said his sister, Suzanne Lee Deluca, also a Charlestown teacher, inspired him to become an educator.
Lee and his wife, Beth, have three children, Hannah, 8; Benjamin, 6; and Zachary, 3. They reside in Hanover.
A Quincy native, Lee said he respects his mother, Leu Lee, an immigrant from China who raised nine children and ran the family restaurant after his father died in a car accident when Lee was 6.
Lee is the youngest of seven sisters and one brother and has a grandmother.
�We all grew up under the same roof. It was like having nine mothers,� he said.
Lee said he enjoys fishing and hockey and was an assistant coach for the state Division 2 champion Hanover hockey team.
Lee said he also enjoys working with his hands.
�I repair my own cars. I probably haven't sent one of my cars to a mechanic in 15 years. It was almost a profession I went into,� he said.
He said a Mercedes dealership offered him a job after he repaired an air conditioner in his Mercedes station wagon, a 30-hour, $5,500 job.
Lee, who also repairs Porsches, Jaguars and BMWs for fun, said a friend proposed they go into business together and repair luxury cars, he said.
But Lee said he declined both offers.
�The kids really kept me in education. I was doing much more for the world working with children than working with exotic cars,� he said.


Unit tests for the SDK controls have also been included as well!
With the release of this source code as well as having access to the source for the Silverlight Toolkit, you should have some great base implementations to extend and learn from! Get the code here: Source code for Silverlight 2 controls.


text:
1966 to 1971 – Those Anecdotal Five Years …. – Commuting – to and from the college : The Cycling Perspective
Cycling mode of commuting had its own glory and glamour, apart from it being a conveniently available mode of intra-city transportation. Many of the contemporaries of our (government servant) parents used to cycle to and from commuting to the office. Primarily because it saved the 'cost' of bus travel, which was not that insignificant 'saving' in comparison to theirs the then take-home salaries. Moreover it saved the commuting time and was also useful aid for shopping other day-to-day domestic requirements.
On the other hand, during the years of my 10th and 11th standard years, at Gujarat Law Society High School (GLS), Ahmedabad, we had at least two classmates who were sons of millowners, one was son of a newspaper baron and two were son /daughter of the leading legal luminary, who easily could have used cars for commuting to the school, but they rather preferred the cycle option. Maybe it was the glamour factor of bicycle riding, even when the bicycles were simple vanilla design variants.
Purchase of a cycle, perhaps his/her first independent possession, as the son /daughter steps into the college life was certainly a moment of pride for the parents and the ward too. However, for the college going students it was a very convenient mode of maintaining communication link with their partners of budding love relation. Occasions to manage surreptitious double 'sawari' pillion ride had their own charms. Even the films of those days used cycle to depict developing love story between hero and heroine. In fact, the songs filmed with cycle as love-carriage do happen to be some of the most adorable romantic songs of Indian Cinema.
Apart from mine, the other two other very interesting variations in the way we got our first bicycle, by the way, are perhaps the classic case studies of acquisition of a cycle in the then middle-class family.
Vasant Pujara[1] had one bicycle in the family. The priority over its use was obviously for his father, for commuting to the office as well as for other domestic purposes. Moreover, the shortest route from his home, near Sharda Mandir Bus Stand on the South-westerly corner of Gujarat College, those day was via Gulbai Tekra (Tekra is a small hill in Gujarati). He found it difficult to manage the uphill journey in that passage. So, he opted for commuting by bus. However, in spite of some the rare luxuries of those days, perhaps the difficulties – over-crowding during college timings and additional time in waiting for the bus to arrive – he "got tired of bus journey in two years, got company to go by bicycle and luckily father got transferred to Education Dept. at Gandhinagar. So, I switched over to bicycle journey. …. It was nice company of a two-years junior student of mechanical branch of our college, who wanted to learn engineering drawing. In three years of cycling my legs got stronger. Moreover, as an add-on bonus, I learnt complete dismantling and assembling the bicycle, especially to know the construction of freewheel."
Aside trivia: One of our co-travellers of pedestrian mode of commuting to the college, and one of my other three chums friends, (now late) Mahesh Mankad, joined a factory at Naroda after completing his studies. Soon he purchased a Rajdoot motorcycle. He had formed a practice to open up one or other assembly of his motorcycle every Sunday c during his self-service routine. Of course, most of the time, the motorcycle had to be taken to a mechanic to refit that opened-out component and put the motorcycle back to normal working condition!
However, his never accept any failure spirit led him to rise to the level of IAS cadre in his career. We always saluted him for his never-say-die spirit!
However, there were many families in our social strata those days where the cycle would a first major purchase as the son (to the best of my memory, not the daughter, normally those days,) would enter college study level. Even as it was considered a prized possession, the actual purchase was not that easy, as is so vividly narrated by Dilip Vyas:
"When I was in SSC, my parents had told me that if I get percentage over 70% and get into Xavier's, they will get me a bicycle. Well, I did secure more than 70%, and I got admission to Xavier's as well. Butt in those days, it was not easy to manage 'huge' payment of around Rs. 275 or so needed to buy a bicycle. So, when college started, I had to decide. I tried commuting by AMTS for the first couple of days but it did not make any sense because one had to walk to Sachivalaya bus stand, wait for bus and travel standing, and then walk from University to Xavier's. So, I decided to walk and save 10 paisa as well to enjoy a packet of Chinai sing (salted ground nuts)! Walking was not much of a problem but since I had no one else to walk with, it was a drag. And then a miracle happened.
As you might remember, Bhavan's college had opened that year. But for some reason that I can't remember now, their science side got disapproved by the University just before commencement of the term. Therefore, to accommodate Bhavan's batch of some 200 first year students, University approved four other existing science colleges in the city to add 50 students each over their limit. So, H-L Colony friend Girish Makwana luckily got in to Xavier's with 55 %! Now I had company. More importantly, he had a bicycle. So, we commuted 'double Sawari' – two-seater ride on bicycle – for most of the year. Just before the end of the year, my parents finally managed to get a bicycle for me and then we commuted together for next year. When I got to LD, it was again just me commuting by myself but now on bike.
Just before BE, another miracle happened. My father had for some reason registered for a scooter under government quota (those good old quota days !! ) many years ago and his name came up. After debating what to do, he applied for a loan and we bought a Vespa! My father never even learned to drive but me being Prince of Wales in the family got the first dib on it. Commuting to college was not allowed because petrol was very expensive (I still remember Rs. 1.75 per litter. Including oil.) but I managed to sneak on to it, occasionally, to commute to the college".
In my case, several other factors played the role of the final push for purchase of the bicycle.
We had opted for Gujarat Government's loan scholarship scheme – Rs. 850 per year – to finance my engineering course education. During the first year,
I got my basic study instrument aids like drawing board, the drawing toolbox, the slide rule etc. from my uncle (husband of mother's sister) and a few textbooks from the free-to-rent-study-books scheme being operated by the association of our community. So, halfway through the second term of the first year, we could see that there was some surplus from the first installment of the loan scholarship, and no major expense appeared in the horizon till the next installment would be received next year. So, one day, my parents decided to purchase a bicycle for me. And lo, that evening I was riding my own bicycle to home from Pankor Naka, the (only) market where goods like bicycles were available those days, through THE traffic of Ellis Bridge.
I started using the cycle in the normal course of commuting to the college only next year, because our preferred commuting mode was walking – which I will deal with a little later.
Apart from the benefits of commuting by cycle, there were a few more, fringe, benefits, at least, as far as I was concerned. But these will have to wait till I link them up later with the relevant main story
I would end with the present part with a very pertinent observation made by Ramesh Doshi – now settled in USA – while we were returning from our reunion luncheon of Ahmedabad-based LDCE71M batchmates in November 2011. Just as we passed the present BRTS bus stand of 'L D College' he spontaneously recalled that those days this track was heavily laden with fin-dust, ground under the repeated crushing under the tyres of the AMTS buses. He then seemed to sleep into reverie of those days as he said: the movement buses had created two, relatively, clean tracks. It was a challenge to drive through that track as we used to continue talking among each other, in the company of others, while riding the cycles. It was not uncommon to get the wheel of the cycle stuck in the dust, get down, lift off the trapped wheel back on to the track, and commence the ride again, While the victim got his act together, the others had to ride on, for if they would stray off a look at what had happened, they also will be down to the dust."
I do not recall if Professor Kellogg, of Machine Design, who would not tolerate getting late to the class – his was the first period of a day – unless supported by a reason, other than the time-worn excuses like bus got late or the cycle had a puncture etc., accepted this reason for the late coming!
Do You? If the reasons not accepted and reasons accepted could come up live presently, that itself would have been an episode in itself!
[1] Vasant Pujara is one of the key active links in reuniting the LDCE71M batch after a good 48+ years. It was his catalytic role that prompted Ashok Thakkar to prepare our "Selected Life Stories-LDCE Class of 1971-Mechanical". That has further promoted me to collate the present memoir.
Author ASHOK M VAISHNAVPosted on June 23, 2022 October 1, 2022 Categories MemoireTags 1966 to 1971, Commuting, Dilip Vyas, L D College of Engineering, LDCE71M Batch, Vasant Pujara
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text:
Q: for loop in fish shell only goes a maximum of 3 times I'm using fish shell to do a simple for loop. For some reason it only iterates three times instead of a 100 (or whatever I put in there). What am I doing wrong?
error ➜  for i in seq 1 100
             echo hi
         end
hi
hi
hi
error ➜

Note that running seq 1 100 will -as expected- output numbers from 1 to 100.
Here's my fish version:
error ➜  fish --version
fish, version 3.0.2

A: That's because you're not launching the seq command.
You are doing this
for i in "seq" "1" "100"

when you want to do this
for i in (seq 1 100)
# .......^.........^  command substitution

A: hmmm so the answer to my question is very simple.
I should have (seq 1 100) instead of seq 1 100.
It needs to be enclosed in brackets to have the seq command evaluated. Instead, what I just gave fish is an array of three strings ("seq" "1" "100") who happened to look like a command lol.
So yeah I am not a very intelligent person.


text:
Grants:Project/OCLC/A Wikipedian-in-Residence to Engage 500 Librarians and their Communities
< Grants:Project(Redirected from Grants:Project/A Wikipedian-in-Residence to Engage 500 Librarians and their Communities)
statusselected
A Wikipedian-in-Residence to Engage 500 Librarians and their Communities
summaryOnline Computer Library Center ("OCLC") will embed a Wikipedian-in-Residence into our forthcoming project to train hundreds of U.S. public librarians how to contribute to Wikipedia, connect with local Wikipedians, engage their community with Wikipedia and better leverage local library collections.
targetThis project will primarily serve and impact English-language Wikipedia; materials and methodologies can be used in other language Wikipedias.
type of grantuncertain
amount70,000 USD
grantee• Merrilee
advisor• Kosboot• Megs• Lange.lea• Kirill_Lokshin• Ocaasi_(WMF)• Astinson_(WMF)• Phoebe
contact• Merrilee
volunteer• The Interior• 72.199.48.78
this project needs...
created on17:26, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
Friendly space expectations
Project idea[edit]
1 Project idea
1.1 What is the problem you're trying to solve?
1.2 What is your solution?
2 Project goals
3 Project plan
3.1 Activities
3.3 Community engagement
3.4 Sustainability
3.5 Measures of success
4.2 Community notification
4.3 Endorsements
What is the problem you're trying to solve?[edit]
Explain the problem that you are trying to solve with this project. What is the issue you want to address? You can update and add to this later.
Public libraries are natural partners to extend free and open access to information and engage diverse communities in collecting and creating educational content through Wikipedia. Public librarians are stewards of quality information, standard bearers for information literacy and curators of authoritative collections. They are also committed to serving all members of their local community equally, and serve as trusted, reliable hubs for active learning, knowledge creation and sharing. Despite their commitment to intellectual freedom and access to information for all, only 324 Wikipedians in English language Wikipedia identify as librarians (0.001% of all Wikipedians and 0.2% of U.S. librarians reflected in Wikipedian Librarians (category) and ALA Library FactSheet).
While anyone can contribute to Wikipedia and its growing base of knowledge, knowing how to edit Wikipedia remains a mystery to most people, even to information professionals such as librarians. Barriers to librarians actively working with Wikipedia include persistent questions about its quality, a lack of understanding of how Wikipedia works, or perception that the Wikipedia editing process or community is impenetrable. If information professionals feel disconnected from Wikipedia, it's safe to assume that other community members do as well, and will remain disconnected without guidance from a trusted source. Librarians can help bridge this gap. The benefits that would come from connecting librarians to Wikipedians are clear. However, public librarians have acutely limited resources, which means that traveling for training is unlikely. This hampers their ability to learn new things and create new programs without support. The clear alignment between the democratic purpose of libraries and the egalitarian principles of Wikimedia provides an excellent occasion for library staff to learn why libraries and Wikipedia should work together, and how that work can strengthen both the communities that libraries serve and the Wikipedia community.
What is your solution?[edit]
OCLC (Online Computer Library Center, Inc.) was recently selected as a winner of the 2016 John S. and James L. Knight Foundation's Knight News Challenge (KNC) for our project Improve Access to Knowledge and Empower Citizens: Amplify Libraries and Communities through Wikipedia. This project will deliver a national training program for approximately 500 public librarians to build their skills to create and edit Wikipedia articles and implement Wikipedia programming for their community members. The training will adapt and augment existing materials and resources to teach the basics of Wikipedia editing and community norms, and give librarians the guidance to engage local Wikipedians in related library events and activities. OCLC will use its established online learning expertise, tools and deep connections to the public library community to deliver the training online, and conduct a national awareness-building campaign to promote Wikipedia to the public library community. This project builds on the work of OCLC Research program officer Merrilee Proffitt, who has explored the intersection of Wikipedia and libraries over the past five years.
The U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that 83% of librarians are female (2015 statistics). It is anticipated that the librarian participants in the KNC project would be predominantly female as well, which would help reduce the gender imbalance in Wikipedia editorship (please see "Closing Wikipedia's Gender Gap" for more on how this project may help address this important goal).
A key component of the project plan is to employ a fulltime Wikipedian-in-Residence for 16 months to help develop learning objectives and a curriculum that are allied with Wikipedia community norms, forge connections with Wikipedians and provide guidance to public libraries who organize Wikipedia programs in their community. The Wikipedian-in-Residence's subject matter expertise regarding Wikipedia standards, processes, community norms and local access points will be critical to help hundreds of library learners turn their online learning and contributions into local community impact, and will help prepare the librarian learning cohort for success. However, the amount awarded by the Knight Foundation does not fully cover this position; therefore, we would apply the Wikimedia Foundation grant to support 12 months of the Wikipedian-in-Residence term. It is important to note: the Wikipedian-in-Residence for this project will be training hundreds of librarians from a nexus point provided by OCLC. The Wikipedian-in-Residence will be guiding and interacting with a cohort of librarians learning together as they participate in live online sessions and complete practice activities. This format provides learners with more structure, support and ongoing motivation than would a series of online tutorials or instructional videos watched independently and without expert facilitation. And unlike a Wikipedian-in-Residence that is fixed to a particular geographic area, this position will work with libraries from a variety of geographies and community sizes.
By being hosted by OCLC and embedding in this project, the Wikipedian-in-Residence will be able to connect with and guide hundreds of libraries and, by extension, the communities those libraries serve. This role requires a skilled professional who, in addition to having Wikipedia subject matter expertise, is familiar with best practices in continuing education and professional development for information professionals, understands the professional values of libraries and cultural heritage institutions, and has experience working in highly collaborative, large-scale project environments. In addition to preparing public librarians to become Wikipedians, this project provides a unique opportunity for Wikipedians to tap into a large network of public librarians all at once. By helping to bridge the library and Wikipedia communities, this project strengthens their shared mission to preserve and expand open and free access to knowledge for all.
Project goals[edit]
Explain what are you trying to accomplish with this project, or what do you expect will change as a result of this grant.
Our KNC project will provide online training to approximately 500 librarians in communities across the United States so that they are able to:
Understand and describe to colleagues and patrons the Wikipedia organization, editorial process and quality standards.
Edit Wikipedia pages with confidence, ideally to the Wikipedia standards of "good" or "featured" articles.
Create and deliver local outreach programs that actively engage their communities in generating new, and/or editing existing, Wikipedia articles. (Although the bulk of instruction to library participants will be conducted online, they will be encouraged and supported to facilitate in-person events in their local communities, and report back on the outcomes of those events to the project team. Participants will be supported in creating and communicating Friendly Space policies for these events.)
Contact and engage existing local Wikipedians to participate in these outreach programs.
Make library resources more visible to Wikipedians.
After the training, participating librarians may apply their learning in these ways:
Educate their patrons and communities on the real values and limitations of Wikipedia as a research resource, and how the library can aid them in making best use of this tool.
Educate their patrons and communities on how to evaluate the information found from any source, including Wikipedia.
Edit articles of local or personal interest.
Cultivate relationships with any existing local Wikipedians.
Engage their communities in actively creating and improving Wikipedia content.
Project plan[edit]
Activities[edit]
The primary activities of our KNC project are to:
Hire a Wikipedian-in-Residence for a 16-month appointment. The request to the Wikimedia Foundation is to support 12 months of this term.
Conduct a U.S.-focused awareness-building campaign to promote general understanding and awareness of the value of Wikipedia among librarians, and build interest in the forthcoming training opportunity among target public library audiences.
Design and deliver an online training program to approximately 500 public librarians in the United States, develop competencies and skills related to project goals; provide facilitated support to libraries through an online community of practice as they implement Wikipedia activities in their libraries and programs in their communities.
As libraries put their new knowledge, skills and Wikipedia connections into action, the project team will follow what a subset of the libraries do, provide targeted guidance, and produce case studies or other summaries to highlight impact.
Package the training program curriculum and resources for other librarians or aspiring Wikipedians to access at no cost, use and adapt beyond the lifecycle of this project.
Conduct project evaluation and reporting.
The primary activities of the Wikipedian-in-Residence will be to:
Support the project team to identify, create and promote materials that enhance general understanding and awareness of the value of Wikipedia among librarians nationwide.
Provide subject matter expertise to inform training curriculum.
Interact with training participants through the online community of practice, support participants as they put newly acquired knowledge and skills into action, and build relationships with local Wikipedians in their communities.
Guide a subset of libraries as they initiate local programming to engage community members with Wikipedia, and help produce summary case studies from these experiences.
Support packaging and dissemination of training curriculum into sustainable learning collateral that will remain available to all, at no charge, beyond the project lifecycle.
Here is a detailed outline of the activities with timeline, as taken from our KNC proposal:
1. Build Awareness: December 2016 – September 2017
Hire Wikipedian-in-Residence ("WiR")
Identify existing Wikipedia-library connections, information resources and existing training materials to incorporate into the training program
Create, adapt, publish materials that promote general understanding and awareness of the topic among librarians, build interest in the forthcoming training opportunity
Communication, outreach (webinars, blogs, articles, presentations, social media)
2. National Online Training for up to 500 librarians: March 2017 – November 2017
Instructional design – build curriculum modules for live online sessions and independent activities,
Recruit and enroll participants – promote the opportunity to public libraries, conduct (free) registration
Set up online learning space and prepare participants, disseminate pre-training survey for evaluation purposes.
Hold multiple live online sessions, which all participants attend together as a learning cohort. In between sessions, participants will practice what they learn, and discuss their experiences with peers, WiR, and other project staff in an actively facilitated online space on WebJunction.org. Sessions will be recorded and archived for rewatching. Distribute post-training survey.
Follow-on activities: Dec. 2017– March 2018. Libraries put their learning and Wikipedia connections into action. WiR and project staff will guide and observe a subset of libraries, including use of program evaluation tools.
3. Revise and Package Resource Set: Jan. 2018 – May 2018
Update curriculum based on learner feedback, post-program survey results, and project staff observations
Produce case studies or equivalent documentation that captures knowledge gained from library activities
Curate and publish new resources that emerge during the course of the program
4. Program Evaluation: Dec. 2016 – May 2018
Consult with external evaluator to design program evaluation framework to assess awareness campaign, training program, and outcomes
Conduct evaluation activities and collect data
OCLC seeks supplemental support from the Wikimedia Foundation of 70,000 USD to cover 12 months of the 16-month term of the Wikipedian-in-Residence position that is planned for our KNC project. This covers the salary plus benefits for a full-time position with the requisite skills and experience. Funds from our award from the Knight Foundation would cover the remaining four months of the position.
Community engagement[edit]
This project targets public librarians in the United States, as public libraries are established connection points for equitable access to information in communities nationwide, and public librarians are committed to promoting learning for all. The project goals and activities previously described detail how public librarians will be continually engaged in this project to learn about, contribute to and engage their communities with Wikipedia, via awareness-building and training efforts facilitated by OCLC.
Input from the Wikipedia community is also central to this engagement. The Wikipedian-in-Residence will play a central role in helping library participants understand how to cultivate relationships with local Wikipedians in their own communities. In addition to the Wikipedian-in-Residence, OCLC has identified the following contacts to serve as voluntary advisors to this project for its duration.
Bob Kosovsky – New York Public Library / Wikimedia NYC / User:Kosboot
Lea Lange – Center for Jewish History / Wikimedia NYC / User:Lange.lea
Megan Wacha – City University of New York / Wikimedia NYC / User:Megs
Kirill Loshin – Wikimedia DC / User:Kirill Lokshin
Alex Stinson – Wikipedia Library Project / User:Astinson (WMF)
Jake Orlowitz – Wikipedia Library Project / User:Ocaasi (WMF)
Phoebe Ayers – MIT Libraries, former WMF Board of Trustees / User:Phoebe
Both the Wikipedian-in-Residence and these project advisors will strengthen the integration of all project activities with established norms and relationships in the Wikipedia community. Building on the strong base of Wikipedians who have already signed on to help with the project, OCLC will also directly engage active Wikipedians who have committed themselves to the GLAM-Wiki cause such as the Wikipedians who have gone through the US GLAM-Wiki Consortium bootcamp and those who are subscribed to various GLAM and Cultural partnership lists. The project will also leverage existing Wikipedia community resources such as the Teahouse.
Sustainability[edit]
Librarians across the United States will have the knowledge, skills and relationships to continue to integrate Wikipedia into their library services and programs over time. They may also be inspired to share their experience and learning with other librarians and Wikipedians. The curriculum and training materials generated through this project will be consolidated, curated and hosted on www.WebJunction.org, for open access and at no cost to users under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 license. This means that staff members from all types of libraries and any location, along with any other aspiring Wikipedians from other backgrounds, will be able to access and use the curriculum and related resources at no cost to them or their institutions. The scope of the curriculum and related resources will be comprehensive to the point that users can undertake a self-directed learning experience to become Wikipedia contributors and ambassadors, leveraging the learning and best practices generated by the training cohort. The Wikipedian-in-Residence will help raise the visibility of these resources to the Wikipedia community.
Measures of success[edit]
Our KNC project goals will be monitored and measured according to a comprehensive evaluation plan, which will be finalized when the project begins. The evaluation plan will include a comprehensive theory of change and specific, measurable evaluation metrics tied to a project logic model. It will align closely with a project implementation plan to ensure continuous monitoring, learning and improvement. Specific metrics may include:
Percentage of public library organizations reached through national communications campaign
Number of social media impressions generated through national communications campaign
Number of confirmed participants in training program (targeting 500)
Growth in training participant knowledge and skills related to learning objectives
Number of Wikipedia articles edited by project participants
Number of relationships cultivated between project participants and existing Wikipedians
Number of local community engagement events hosted by project participants
Number of librarians identifying as Wikipedians post project
Number of participating Wikipedians that recruit/identify libraries as local partners
Number, size and geographical distribution of communities represented by project participants
The Wikipedian-in-Residence will be positioned to influence the results across all of these potential measures.
Get involved[edit]
Participants[edit]
In addition to the Wikipedian-in-Residence, our KNC project will be implemented by the WebJunction team at OCLC, who has skills in project management, instructional design, training and communications. WebJunction Director Sharon Streams and Senior Program Officer Merrilee Proffitt are co-leads of the project. Brief bios of other team members are available at: WebJunction Team Members.
Online Computer Library Center ("OCLC") is a global nonprofit library cooperative, comprised of librarians, technologists, researchers, writers, managers, administrators, leaders and learners. Together as OCLC, we transform the way people engage with information. We create connections between and throughout our communities with the goal of making information more accessible and more useful (oclc.org). Since 2003, our WebJunction program has bolstered the knowledge, skills and confidence of library staff with online-based learning content and programs that keep libraries moving forward (WebJunction.org). WebJunction is free and open to all.
Sharon Streams, Director, WebJunction, has been with OCLC and its WebJunction program since 2007. She has 20+ years of experience working in nonprofit organizations, with skills in grant programs management, grant seeking, online and print publishing, editing and user experience.
Merrilee Proffitt (User:Merrilee), Senior Program Officer in OCLC Research, provides project management skills and expert support to libraries whose interests overlap with those of OCLC Research. Her current projects and interests include developing better relationships between Wikipedia and cultural heritage institutions and how rights statements adversely impact the discovery and reuse of cultural heritage. Merrilee championed OCLC's first Wikipedian-in-Residence position.
Volunteer Have both public library and Wikipedia experience. Would love to help out in any capacity. The Interior (talk) 19:59, 9 October 2016 (UTC)
Volunteer Hello, I am Jay Evans, a Library Assistant for the San Diego Public Library. I would love to join this project of the 500 librarians. 72.199.48.78 13:49, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
Volunteer. I'm an admin on the English Wikipedia, a MLIS student about to graduate this year, and a volunteer at the Library of Virginia. I'd love to volunteer for this as well! Tokyogirl79 (talk) 09:37, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
Community notification[edit]
Please paste links below to where relevant communities have been notified of your proposal, and to any other relevant community discussions.Need notification tips?
Libraries: Wikimedia & Libraries mailing list
GLAM-Wiki US Consortium mailing list
Endorsements[edit]
Do you think this project should be selected for an Individual Engagement Grant? Please add your name and rationale for endorsing this project below! (Other constructive feedback is welcome on the discussion page).
Support A Wikipedian-in-Residence program partnered and coordinated with OCLC is a smart, valuable initiative that would increase Wikipedia literacy for public librarians across the United States. See Discussion page for additional comments and questions. -- Erika Herzog aka BrillLyle (talk) 02:15, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
Support I strongly support this initative. It is long overdue! TeriEmbrey (talk) 13:50, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
Support as an advisor on this project, I think they are definitely off in the right direction. Moreover, the potential benefit of a widely used, clearly available training for GLAM folks in English, guided by people like Merilee and another Wikipedian (that this grant will pay for), is super exciting. I do have a question of why an NC license for the materials: if these teaching materials are to be a broad benefit to the Wikimedia community, such as being able to change the captions for the videos and place them on commons, I would think a freer license is a must. User:Astinson (WMF)
Support have done some librarian editathons, would like to grow training, make a part of practice. and having a librarian ethos at wikipedia would be a plus. building on #1lib1ref success story. Slowking4 (talk) 15:54, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
Support A program that will certainly have a multiplier effect.
Mega- Support Training librarians and bringing them into the community has always been a dream of mine. The Interior (talk) 18:05, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
Support I and World University & School, donated to Wikidata last autumn, support this and will seek to add this to the "Library Resources" wiki page at CC WUaS (planned in all 7,943 languages with artificial intelligence, machine learning and machine translation) after WUaS moves to Wikidata Scott_WorldUnivAndSch (talk) 15:54, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
Support Not long ago I co-led a webinar on this topic that received wide interest and participation among highly varied librarians in the Upper Midwest, so I feel there is a significant audience to expand this kind of outreach. -McGhiever (talk) 02:14, 4 August 2016 (UTC)
Support I think this is a very well-planned grant, and OCLC is an organization that holds a good deal of name recognition in the library world. The community piece of this project, particularly that it is focused on public libraries, is also important. As a librarian/Wikipedian that has some experience with both edit-a-thons and Wikipedia in the classroom, I'm interested in ways to encourage editors who are most interested in project/subject-based contribution, or editors who feel most comfortable participating via recurring social events. Public libraries, with their local community connections, are a great venue to explore how the Wikip(m)edia community as a whole can create structure for a wider range of editors to participate, perhaps those without reliable IT resources at home, or those who are less familiar with computing technology. In addition, public libraries can often be good connectors to the high school or retiree communities, or speakers of languages other than English that can aid in translation projects. There are a wealth of opportunities here, and I think it's very exciting. AmandaRR123 (talk) 16:38, 4 August 2016 (UTC)
Support Tobias1984 (talk) 16:42, 11 August 2016 (UTC)
Retrieved from "https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:Project/OCLC/A_Wikipedian-in-Residence_to_Engage_500_Librarians_and_their_Communities&oldid=16490766"
Project/Type/Uncategorized
Project/Proposals/IdeaLab
Project/Proposals/Selected
Project Grant funded in FY 2016-2017


'Future Progressive EDM Vol 1' kicks off this new series with a bang, featuring five Construction Kits full of huge drops, infectious synth leads, powerful risers and club-ready chord progressions inspired by Hardwell, Showtek, Calvin Harris, Nicky Romero & many more. You'll find all of the elements you need to re-create the true sound of EDM complete with FX Tails, Dry & Wet files and MIDI. Take your EDM productions to dizzying heights with this expertly produced pack. The sound of modern EDM is unmistakable; full of energy, suspense and a sense of euphoria. 'Future Progressive EDM Vol 1' captures this sound in high-definition and cranks it up a notch to deliver a power, pulsing vibe underpinned by melodic leads and chord progressions. Bright buzzing pads mix seamlessly with piercing synth leads accompanied by a powerful drum and bass section weaving in and out of swing time to create a hypnotic and entrancing sound. All files are supplied in pristine 24-Bit WAV quality, Apple Loops, REX and Reason ReFill files. Add to this Dry & Wet files, FX Tails and MIDI files and you've got a powerful and versatile pack for any serious EDM producer.


FIrstly, the makeup bag is super super cute! I mean why wouldn't you fall in love with it? A guinea pig with glasses...soo cute!
Bag is great quality.. I really want to go and get the other one now..
The soak opera bath and shower cream smells so gorgeous and you dont need to run alot of it under the water to get a decent amount of bubbles, just run a slight amount under the water.. then your done..you have your lovely smelling bubbles..
I love candles so the 'lets glow' candle is one of my favourites from the zoella range, its a gentle blend of white wood accents, sweet vanilla and soft floral notes.. it is such a calming smell and not too strong.
I also want to say that the zoella packaging is super duper cute!!!
Deffiantly worth the money and well recommended!


text:
How to cope when your work wife leaves the company
Being left behind can leave a very real emptiness.
By Karyn Henger
Last week we said goodbye to a well-loved member of our team, who was moving on to a new job at another company. There was lunch, followed by afternoon drinks, and a carefully chosen gift and card.
We were sad to see her go but the person we knew would feel it the most was her work wife Fay.
Bridget and Fay had become close in recent months, eating lunch together every day, making coffee together, visiting the vending machine in tandem and often colluding over the finer details of Fay's impending wedding.
Bridget's final day wasn't an easy one, Fay admits. "But more than anything I was happy for her because I knew she was going to a better place [for her]."
Fay is philosophical about losing her work wife. "It's the way of working relationships. People always leave, especially in starter roles, and I think it's selfish to be sad because that makes others feel guilty – I'm speaking from the perspective of someone who's recently immigrated [to New Zealand] and I get the guilts, you know, people saying 'I miss you'."
But she also admits that today – her first day back at work since Bridget left - has been lonely.
"There's been no one to have lunch with."
Sinead and Keren sit side by side in their work area and face the same scenario in a month, when Keren leaves.
This pair share all their food and secrets, and at one point went supermarket shopping together every Monday for their breakfasts and lunches for the week.
"I am already sad," says Sinead. "But I'll fill the gap. That doesn't discount our relationship; it's the sort of person I am. I need a work wife."
There is no doubt about it. The pros of having a work wife far outweigh the cons, with a growing number of studies showing that sharing strong friendships at work increases productivity and overall job satisfaction.
Says psychologist Dr Ruth Jillings, "A person is far more likely to put up with a few tasks they don't particularly enjoy if they feel connected to others in their workplace."
How much you share with your work wife comes down to what you feel comfortable with, and they can be a great source of support.
Mel and Alex, who met through their boyfriends and were then thrilled when Mel coincidentally joined the same company as Alex, use their lunch breaks to go for walks together to try out exciting restaurants and cafes.
"We take lots of pictures of nice things for our instagrams which is work and fun for us because we work in social media. But we also talk about ideas for videos, or if we've got something to discuss with our managers we'll discuss it with each other first and talk about how to phrase it and make sure we're not blowing the issue out of proportion. Being not so experienced as others in the office we mull things over and let one another know when we think 'no, you could sort that one out for yourself'."
Being close in proximity and having similar roles is key to maintaining a close bond, the women in this story told me.
Sinead's first work wife was a fellow editorial assistant who was able to show her the ropes. Her second was a writer in her team but once Sinead moved upstairs (literally) she became closer to Keren, who sat beside her.
"Upstairs and downstairs, they're two different worlds. Emma and I are still good friends but you need to be able to b**ch together about the daily stuff," she explains.
As I look around the building I realise that every set of well-known work wives sit within a few metres of one another.
And so relationships shift with circumstances. People move floors, get promoted, or leave the company (and sometimes return). But unlike marriages a work relationship will seldom end in 'divorce'.
"The only time things have been a bit awkward with Keren is when we were told by our boss that our roles were going to change and it was up to us to figure out who was going to do what. We both wanted to do the same thing," Sinead recalls. "But then Keren changed her mind so that sorted itself out.
"I was also a bit gutted when Keren got tickets to Matilda [the theatre show] and wanted to take her boyfriend but then he told her, 'no, take Sinead instead'."
"It's the expectation of professionalism in the work place that ensures differences will usually be managed professionally and respectfully," Dr Jillings says. "You don't want to fall out with someone you see every day at work; and for many of us we probably spend more time at work than we do at home."
If differences cannot be resolved, that is often enough motivation for someone to leave a company.
Having a work wife is not for everybody. "I'm my own best friend," says Cathy sagely. Fay is not sure how close she'll let others in, in the future, because "I've been in this situation more than once".
But if someone does creep in, the knock-on effects can be magic, with deep and meaningful bonds forged that extend far beyond the office walls.
"The real deal is if you stay friends beyond work," Fay smiles.
Bridget will be one of the guests at Fay's February wedding.
CareerMeet the mother-daughter duo behind Linden Leaves
Karyn Henger
undefined: Karyn Henger


Be positive. Be vigilant. Be gorgeous. Be yourself.
Fit Freedom provides personal training, Pole Fitness, Bikini and Figure Competition Training and no nonsense fat loss and body shaping programmes for women.
The programme includes guidance on eating sensibly, weight training and specific cardio vascular exercise, for an all-round approach to getting you the body you want.
The programme is tailored to you and your lifestyle and includes ongoing motivational tips and support.


text:
Charlie Norwood care coordinator earns national recognition
Tom Corwin @AUG_SciMed
With the kind of boundless energy Tishon Creswell displays, it is difficult to see how she stays behind a desk at the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center. So she doesn't, filling in for one of the clinic nurses when they are out and making the rounds in the morning.
"I'm the early person," Creswell said. "I still grab patients and draw their labs and put them on the stretcher."
But it is her work at that desk as the coordinator of care for more than 1,400 patients from across four states being treated at the Spinal Cord Injury Unit in the Augusta VA that recently earned her national honors from the Paralyzed Veterans of America. Creswell will be the nurse honoree for an Excellence Award at the national convention later this month in Maryland. A fellow nurse nominated her over her objections that there were others more deserving so it was more than a surprise when she was notified she had won.
"I was kind of honored and shocked at the same time," Creswell said. "There is one RN selected so I said, 'Me? Out of everybody nationally?'^"
Her co-workers told her she was more than deserving.
"Tishon has done amazing things for our veterans in the Spinal Cord Injury Unit," said Michelle Cox-Henley, associate director for patient care and nursing service at the Augusta VA. "Her work with them in close concert with our partners from the Paralyzed Veterans of America is one of the many reasons she earned this award. I could not be more proud of her."
Creswell downplayed her accomplishments..
"You always underestimate what you do," Creswell said. "That's just something you do every day and you don't think about it as to getting rewarded for it."
What she does is to try and move patients in and out of the unit while working with hospitals stretching from Alabama to Georgia and South Carolina and up into western North Carolina. On any given day, three or four patients are moving in a carefully choreographed flow but Cresswell is working with about 20 patients daily to answer questions or requests for care. And there are requests in person.
"It's not a surprise if someone stops by my office and says, 'Listen, I have a spinal cord injury. I'm trying to get into this clinic. How do I get in here?'^" she said. Rather than sending the veteran off knocking on different doors seeking the right documentation, Cresswell will reach out to the patient's primary care coordinator herself. As the only unit for this area of the Southeast, there are a lot of requests, she said.
"They know about Augusta," Creswell said. "We have a pretty good reputation. Anything complex, any surgeries, anything major that has to be done with spinal cord patients this is where they go through. That's why we are considered the hub."
But that often means coordinating travel, with a wheelchair-accessible van or ambulance, and making sure other needs that might arise in house are met, she said. The unit has a "great team" of different providers meshing to meet those needs and "we're all working together," Creswell said.
In addition to her duties at the VA, she is also working part-time as a clinical instructor at the University of South Carolina-Aiken and is working toward a doctorate with an eye on nursing education, which she loves. Wherever she is needed on the unit as a nurse, Creswell said she is ready to pitch in.
"I can do everything my (registered nurses) can do because I feel like that is what I am supposed to do as a manager and as a leader," she said. "If I can't role model that behavior, I can't expect that from them so I can jump in there. There are days when I wear my scrubs."
Reach Tom Corwin at (706) 823-3213
or tom.corwin@augustachronicle.com.


text:
Q: PHP: How to push multidimensional associative array I am reading a csv file from which I will create an associative array with the following layout:
  $arrProducts = array('111' => array('description' => 'product1',
                                     'inventory' => '222',
                                     'price' =>'9.2')),
                    '184'=> array('description' => 'product2',
                                     'inventory' => '52',
                                     'price'=>'1.19'));

So, if I have the following product information:
'199 '=> array('description' => 'product3',
                                     'inventory' => '52',
                                     'price'=>'1.19')

How do I add that to $arrProducts?
obs.: I need the associative array in this layout so I can access product information this way:
 echo $arrProducts['111']['description'];

Edit:
I tried using the code in the answer of the question marked as duplicated, so my code is like this:
$arrProducts = array('111' => array('description' => 'product1',
                                    'inventory' => '222',
                                    'price' =>'9.2'),
                     '184' => array('description' => 'product2',
                                    'inventory' => '52',
                                    'price'=>'1.19'));

$arrProducts[] = array('199'=> array('description' => 'product3',
                                 'inventory' => '52',
                                 'price'=>'1.19'));

But it is still not woorking as expected. I ran the following tests:
echo $arrProducts['111']['description'];
     //result: product1

echo $arrProducts['184']['description'];
     //result: product2

echo $arrProducts['199']['description'];
     //result: Notice: Undefined offset: 199 in C:\xampp\htdocs\arrTest.php on line 15

So I looped in every key of the array:
 foreach ($arrProducts as $key1 => $value1) {
            echo "[".$key1."]";}
  //result: [111][184][185]

So it seems that the key 185 is created automatically and inside it is the information. So I can access it like this:
 // echo $arrProducts['185']['199']['description'];
 //result: product3

But that that is not what I expect, I need to add the element and be able to access it in the same way it is possible for elements "111" and "184".
I expect something like this:
echo $arrProducts['199']['description'];
     //result:product3


text:
package org.hisp.dhis.android.core.category.internal;

import org.hisp.dhis.android.core.arch.api.fields.internal.Fields;
import org.hisp.dhis.android.core.arch.fields.internal.FieldsHelper;
import org.hisp.dhis.android.core.category.CategoryOptionCombo;

public final class CategoryOptionComboFields {

    public static final String CATEGORY_OPTIONS = "categoryOptions";

    private static final FieldsHelper<CategoryOptionCombo> fh = new FieldsHelper<>();

    public static final Fields<CategoryOptionCombo> allFields = Fields.<CategoryOptionCombo>builder()
            .fields(fh.getIdentifiableFields())
            .fields(
                    fh.nestedFieldWithUid(CATEGORY_OPTIONS)
            ).build();

    private CategoryOptionComboFields() {
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Summer will be back in just a few months and with it comes the wedding season. Especially at my age, friends are getting married all the time! That's why I've visited local wedding fair to bring you yet again the best pictures. Some of them might make you hungry – food goodies were everywhere!
It is rather small collection this time, but don't worry, there will be another one coming this month!


Store your iPad in this stylish case! All cases are made from hand-dyed cotton, which means no two are the same. Each purchase supports Della artisans in Ghana.
Della products are handcrafted by a community in Ghana, West Africa. All profit goes toward providing employment, education, and financial stability for women and men in Ghana. The artisans earn a steady and fair income and are empowered through education in micro-financing, savings, and entrepreneurship classes. Every product is handcrafted with textiles from the Volta Region. Through Della, the passionate and talented women who create the pieces are given an opportunity to build a foundation for a better life.
Fabric dyeing is a historical and rich cultural tradition in Ghana. Fabrics are dyed by hand, resulting in beautiful patterns with vibrant colors. One of the most iconic Ghanaian techniques is tye dye. To create tye dye patterns, artisans first bundle fabric into sections. The fabrics are submerged into brilliant dyes, but the tied sections resist absorbing the color. The fabrics are soaked, washed and dried, leaving a brilliant pattern on the finished product. The tye dye process is time-intensive, but Ghanaian artisans are recognized for their care and attention to detail, resulting in beautiful, one-of-a-kind textiles.


Much of that is similar to the House bill, though there are notable differences. The Senate version, championed by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), would cut Medicaid more slowly than the House version, but the cuts to the program for low-income people would be more dramatic. It provides subsidies to people based on income, not age. The Senate bill would not cut taxpayer funding of abortions.
Both the Senate and House bills face stiff resistance from Democrats. In the Senate, the opposition is exploring how to delay any vote on the bill before the July 4 recess. Democrats could introduce an unlimited number of amendments to the health care bill, all of which would require an up-or-down vote, to stall the Senate legislation.
But Democrats may not have to go that far. Several Republicans are already suggesting they will not support the Senate bill. Several have said the timeline is too short (McConnell wants to vote on the bill next week) while others complain the bill does too little or too much. Conservatives like Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.) are concerned the bill does not go far enough to "repeal and replace" the Affordable Care Act. But Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.), who is more moderate, said she's displeased with the Medicaid cuts and lack of funding to fight the opioid crisis.
As for the timeline, Senate Majority Whip John Cornyn (R-Texas) told Talking Points Memo a Congressional Office Budget score of the bill will likely come Monday, but told reporters "we're hopeful it would be as early as Friday." Republicans plan to vote next week, before the Senate moves to recess for a week on June 30.
This is Mic's daily read on Donald Trump's America. Welcome to the political newsletter that is eager to bring you the reaction of center-right, swing vote Republicans to this health care bill.
Today's question: Can the Republican health care plan pass the Senate? Email us at trumpsamerica@mic.com.
Today: The Senate health care bill is about to drop.
Even more: Democrats struggle with the loss in Georgia's 6th.
Yes, more: The president promises solar panels and attacks the media.
Trump's agenda today: Meeting with the International Olympic Committee. Hosting the congressional picnic. Participating in an emerging technology event.
Two mornings removed from their loss in the Georgia special election, Democrats in Washington are questioning their message after Jon Ossoff's defeat. A small group in the party suggested Ossoff's loss meant House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi should step down, worried her continued leadership will be toxic for Democrats in 2018. Others said the party needed to develop a strong economic message that will resonate with voters.
The need for a fresh and persuasive message is clear: A surge in GOP turnout put Karen Handel over the top in the race against Ossoff, an irony given large and costly get-out-the-vote efforts from the Democrats. Handel's support consolidated in the final week and Ossoff's final pitch did not stem the tide.
During a campaign-style rally in Iowa Wednesday night, President Donald Trump told supporters that his border wall will be covered in solar panels and immigrants will be banned from receiving welfare for five years. The latter, which drew a standing ovation, is already law.
The president also mocked media organizations, notably CNN and MSNBC, while praising Fox News.
• Dan Scavino, assistant to the president and Trump's social media guru, may have (again) broken a law that requires government employees to not engage in political activity.
• Behind closed doors, the heads of the U.S. intelligence community reportedly said Trump asked them to publicly refute that there was any collusion between the president and Russia.
• The Trump administration is seeking a "de-emphasis" on climate change.
• Months before he joined the White House, the FBI fired Trump adviser Sebastian Gorka for anti-Muslim rhetoric.
• The Congressional Black Caucus does not want to meet with Trump.
June 22, 2017, 10:55 a.m.: This story has been updated.