""Death is over," he said to himself. "There is no more death."When I picked this book up at a library book sale, I did so without expectation that I would actually enjoy reading it. See, I had mistakenly given up on the masters of Russian literature due to the struggles I had reading a particular novel (I'm looking at you Brothers Karamazov!), assuming they were all inaccessible and there was no point in expending anymore energy trying to make sense of books with characters that go by 3 different names and waaaaaaah the end.THIS book! Not at all inaccessible. Masterful in its brevity. Concise and relevant and beautifully written. Pay close attention. Blink and you'll miss it.I don't have the words. Tolstoy sets up the story expertly. Ivan Ilyich is a decent man. He has all of the trappings of a "successful life": respectable family, respectable job, respectable home. He is by all intents and purposes content with his position in life. But has he truly lived?Tolstoy describes Ivan Ilyich's failing health in such a way that the reader can almost FEEL what it was like for him. The gnawing ache in his side, the pain… unrelenting, demoralizing… every simple facet of existence plagued by torturous, insufferable, incurable pain. It's agonizing. He cannot escape it. And then there's his wife! She becomes like the walking, breathing embodiment of this pain. He can't stand the sight of her, the sound of her, the smell of her. We get the briefest of glimpses of what it must be like for a man on the brink of death. He feels he is a burden; he believes everyone is just waiting for him to die. He doesn't want to have to rely on anyone to help alleviate his suffering. He struggles with existence, with god… "why me? why is this happening to me!" But then in the end, he finds what we all hope to find. He finds peace. He finds that this is not the end of life, but the end of death.Well, Leo, I think you've found yourself a new fan.
Today I turned the last page of Banville's Eclipse and was literally hit by the profundity of a book that surreptitiously echoes the mastery of the classic tragedies. My pupils dilated until they watered when I bumped into this paragraph:"As a boy I knew the stars, and loved to speak their names over to myself, in celestial litany, Venus, Betelgeuse, Aldebaran, the Bears, great and lesser. How I loved the coldness of those lights, their purity, their remoteness from us and all we do and all that befalls us. Where they are is where the dead live."And you might be wondering what on earth Banville and Tolstoy have in common. My unscholarly response is that they are both masters of exploring the most recondite crevices of the human mind and the existential angst that is inherent in its nature; they describe the undescribable, recreate death and grief unflinchingly and make the reader be racked in pain by both. And so following the thread of my pensive mood I remembered the unfinished review of Tolstoy's novella that I have been meaning to revise for months on end unsuccessfully, not finding the appropriate words, not feeling satisfied with what I had written, which I enclose below:*****Do we really know what death entails?Is the life we lead worthy of being lived?Do we appreciate the gift of existence?Tolstoy stares back with blank countenance and pens a sobering story stripped of artifice in response to those unanswerable questions."The Death of Ivan Ilych" confronts the reader with his own mortality. A civil servant in the high ranks of the Czarist Administration in the nineteenth-century Russia ponders about the arbitrary system of rules that have dictated his life when the threat of death puts an unwanted emphasis on how he should have lived. Dragged away by the currents of a set of conventions accepted without further enquiry and spurred by an eagerness to climb up the social ladder, Ivan's soul has undergone the same process of bureaucratization than his professional career. A prominent citizen, he has married well, he has established contact with the influential members of his class and accumulated a vast list of superfluous achievements when death knocks on his door. Either in nemesis or in randomness, fated or chanced, nature is unveiled as capricious, unbridled and inscrutable, and man's pursuit of transcendence clashes with the finitude of his banal existence. At first, Ivan faces his impending death with disbelief, then denial settles in only to be swamped with an overpowering disconsolation at his own disintegration while the world keeps on turning without him being part of it. His family and closest friends regard him with superficial sympathy and remain indifferent and detached from his suffering. As Ivan's flesh withers with decay and stinks of sickness showing unmistakable signs of its transience, his mind is reignited and a reverse process takes place on his soul. Ivan looks death in the eye with more frustration than fear, dumbfounded that his life might be reduced to a trivial list of actions performed by an absurd sense of duty making of his time in this world even less than an anecdote. Tolstoy presents a magisterial reflection on mankind's incapacity to plow a satisfactory path to a dignified death and throws back his own vulnerability at the reader in the form of an omniscient narrator that chronicles the mundane yet gruesome death of a man. The dilemma he contemplates goes beyond the realms of religion, philosophy or fiction, for the physical agony, the ruthless demise of body and mind is described in painful detail infusing the story with perturbing realism. Despite the heartfelt compassion that Ivan perceives in his son's glance, as the young, untainted boy takes his lifeless hand, Death places her cold, blindfolded kiss and presses her finger upon the man's lips, sealing them forever, and I, uninvited outsider, shaken and teary, get a sour taste of what dying feels like.******I had meant to polish the review; retrieve some sentences, rephrase others, perhaps add some quotes... It's highly probable that I would have never published it, but Banville's masterpiece made me realize that there are some things that mere words can't convey, the touch of a virtuous pen is needed, the sparkle of geniality is required. I am not the possessor of such talents, but Banville has both. And so did Tolstoy.
Last year the group catching up on classics chose The Death of Ivan Ilyich as one of their monthly short story selections. At the time, I did not have the time to read it; however, a play I recently read had reading Anna Karenina as a major plot line. Wanting an introduction to Tolstoy prior to reading this epic, I decided upon Ivan Ilyich as my gateway to his more celebrated work. Ivan Ilyich enjoyed an upper middle class life in pre revolutionary Russia. He graduated from a jurisprudence course and eventually became a lawyer in an out of the way province. He married Praskovya Fyodorovna and the two lived a married life that was neither happy nor sad for over twenty years. Each person became set in their own ways and the two lived as separate islands in their home, made possible by Ivan Ilyich's income. I was not completely captivated by the story of Ivan Ilyich. He lived a relatively normal existence and experienced many things that an average upper middle class citizen might have experienced in Russia at the time of publication, hence the rating. I found Tolstoy's writing style accessible, which should ease the way for me to read his longer works. The part I found the most interesting was how Tolstoy through Ivan Ilyich discussed his views on death and dying, which is the premise of this story. Ivan Ilyich grappled with the alternatives of dying and being mired in a marriage where he was not appreciated or loved. Even though I only gave this story three stars, I am glad I read it as an introduction to Tolstoy. The premise is an interesting one and I enjoy the time period, although, it is not a story that I am not drawn to. I would recommend this to those who might not read classics due to their long length and want to begin to read an author's works. I look forward to endeavoring through Tolstoy's epic novels after discovering that his writing style is easy to read for the masses.
The Death of Ivan Ilych, written in 1886, was the first major fictional work published by Tolstoy during his post-conversion. Tolstoy's religious philosophy which illustrates the values of brotherly love, Christian charity, and mutual support are the frameworks for the writing of this novel. Just as Tolstoy's discovery of the true meaning of life led him to fulfillment and an acceptance of death, Ivan Ilych's awakening comes through the realization of death which ignites within him fear, anger, contemplation and eventually acceptance.Death is the central theme of the story and through it one can discern the artificial from the authentic characters and the dichotomy between the inner and outer man.The character Ivan Illych belonged to an elite social circle.He was intrigued by the idea of being a member of the elite aristocratic society, and individuals who did not conform to the social circle were looked on with disgust.He was unaware however, that his life was an illusion brought upon a need to imitate a certain social class rather than to find true individuality. The true meaning of life was concealed behind the blindfolds of his naïve perceptions.His marriage to Praskovya Fedorovna is also an act of illusion. It is not done out of genuine love, but as is common practice by the bourgeoisie society, it is done out of the sense of obligation. The fact that she was a good looking woman from a well-to-do family were the essential characteristics he required her to have.Illych's rude awakening into the way he was living a life of conforming to social expectations came about when he came face to face with death. With the realization that he was dying, he began to contemplate his life and tried to find out if there was any meaning to it all along. Paradoxically, Death is responsible for allowing Illych to examine his life. He begins to contemplate about those people in his life whom he considered friends. He discovers that they too were false because upon his death bed there were no friends to comfort him.Tolstoy incorporates several patterns of reversal into the structure of the novel. The actual death of Ivan Ilych, the chronological end of the story, occurs in the first chapter. The remainder of the novel deals with the life, as opposed to the title of Ivan Ilych's death. The concepts of life and death are reversed by Tolstoy. Early on in his life, when Ivan seems to be increasing in power, free will, and societal status, he is actually being reduced to limitation, repression, and isolation brought on through the grappling force of death. After the seventh chapter, when Ivan is confined to his study and suffers physical deterioration and isolation, he in fact goes through the process of a spiritual rebirth.
It is a widespread stereotype that Russian classics are mostly long, tedious, boring, a burden to get through, but one only needs to read a short book like The Death of Ivan Ilych in order to be proven wrong. A philosophical, in its beautiful writing almost lyrical account of a dying man's life, Tolstoy will make you think about your own mortality, about happiness, sorrow and most likely your own life as well. "They had supper and went away, and Ivan Ilych was left alone with the consciousness that his life was poisoned and was poisoning the lives of others, and that this poison did not weaken but penetrated more and more deeply into his whole being.With this consciousness, and with physical pain besides the terror, he must go to bed, often to lie awake the greater part of the night. Next morning he had to get up again, dress, go to the law courts, speak, and write; or if he did not go out, spend at home those twenty-four hours a day each of which was a torture. And he had to live thus all alone on the brink of an abyss, with no one who understood or pitied him."During the course of the story, Tolstoy introduces us to the life of the unhappy Ivan Ilych, who might have expected too much from his life and had to discover the disappointing truth after his marriage failed to induce happiness and death tore its way through his soul way too early. Tolstoy uses his protagonist to help us realize how we all have to die one day, and there will surely be readers who, just like Ivan Ilych, always thought of death as something foreign they wouldn't have to worry about until a long time later. The author's prose is highly readable and might just as well have originated from someone who wrote the book five or ten years ago; besides, Tolstoy knows how to captivate his reader, thus The Death of Ivan Ilych can only be called a book which can't be recommended highly enough for readers interested in Russian literature or, on a more general note, classics."There remained only those rare periods of amorousness, which still came to them at times but did not last long. These were islets at which they anchored for a while and then again set out upon that ocean of veiled hostility which showed itself in their aloofness from one another." Tolstoy defines the marriage between Ivan Ilych and Praskovya Fedorovna as an engagement of mutual aversion, founded in their hopes to find concealment and secureness which were shattered only months after their wedding. The sadness behind the realizations of those two characters that their marriage has never been destined to bring happiness into their lives will cloud their sorrowful lives, until the slow, but torturous demise of Ivan Ilych turns into the ultimate factor driving them apart from each other.If you are intimidated by the length of classics like Anna Karenina, War and Peace, Crime and Punishment and the like, then I can almost assure you that reading some shorter novellas like The Death of Ivan Ilych or Dostoyevksy's White Nights will help you with finding a way into Russian literature, coming to terms with the rather uncommon names and growing an interest in the huge Russian classics which will surpass the simple feeling of pressure to read them just because others said those are books everyone has to read. And they probably are. But it's always easier to anticipate rather than dread them, so novellas like these will be extremely helpful.
رغم كآبة القصة ولكن ابدع تولستوي فيما يشعر المريض.كيف يشعر بتغير نظرة الناس له. كيف يشعر ان من حوله لا يهتمون به رغم معاناته. ويصبح يكره من حوله ويشعر انهم يتمنون موته.يستعيد شريط حياته وكم كان سعيدا ولكنه بعد ذلك يتألم ويبعد تلك الذكريات عن تفكيره أإنها تزيده ألما.يبدأ في معاملة عائلته بقسوة لانه يشك انهم يتمنون رحيله، فهو يكرههم لذلك. يبدأ الشك في إيمانه ولما عاقبه الله بهذا الالم وهذا الموت وهل كان يستحق ذلك.وعندما يبدأ بالاحتضار يصبح طيبا ويطلب ان يسامحوه.مبدع تولستوي وهو ليس بحاجة لشهادتي في الكتابة عن النوازع النفسية وما يفكر فيه الانسان في كل موقف.
"Ivan Ilych's life had been most ordinary and therefore most terrible..."This arresting line is a synopsis of what all of this boils down to. More than likely, in my pre-Emo high school years, had I read all 52 grueling pages of "The Death of Ivan Ilych", and truly understood its exquisite prolonged lingering around the very morbid notion of death, it would have been a brick in my fo(und/rm)ation. Sadly, nowadays I am way more bubbly and optimistic than ever, so I had a healthy distance between my idle thoughts and this powerful piece. No matter: this made me meditate on that occurrence that is shared by us all, the ultimate, final destination called death (doesn't matter where you lived, breathed, loved). The novella is incredibly vivid, simple...just very understandable... relatable. Yes, it seems that an illness so long gives the titular man the right to sum up quickly his days of before, his heights, his passions... it is so realistic that I vouch for this to become an official horror selection in any given anthology!
"El significado de la vida está en que se detiene." - Franz KafkaPocos libros resultan ser tan contundentes como esta obra de arte que escribió Tolstói en 1886, puesto que no puede ser calificada de otra manera. Escritores, filósofos, artistas plásticos y músicos, entre otros, sólo tienen palabras de admiración ante esta pequeña pero gran novela. Yo siempre sostengo que una novela no necesita tener mil páginas para transformarse en una joya literaria y este es un caso que lo demuestra con creces. En poco más de cien páginas Tolstói nos deja un legado, una enseñanza y un modo de mirar o de intentar comprender a la muerte, si es que existe algún método para ello.Este inmenso autor ruso venía elaborando la novela un año antes, inspirándose en el caso de un hombre real para terminarla y regalársela a su esposa el día en que ella cumplía años. En cierto modo, algunos aspectos de lo que le sucede a Iván Illich también concuerda con la vida personal de Tolstói que también tuvo cortocircuitos con su esposa durante su matrimonio (otro momento álgido el la relación fue durante la publicación de otra de sus famosas novelas, me refiero a "La sonata a Kreutzer") y también se relaciona con su propia muerte, dado que él también confesaba que la muerte lo atemorizaba. Tolstói fue encontrado muerto en el banco de espera de una estación de tren luego de una larga caminata."La muerte de Iván Illich" no es una novela exclusivamente sobre la muerte, sino casualmente sobre la vida de este funcionario, escrita en retrospectiva y poblada de anécdotas y reflexiones tanto del mismo Iván Illich como también de sus familiares, amigos y compañeros de trabajo.En cierto modo, es también una crítica a la ambición (de sus colegas en el Juzgado), cuestiona las relaciones humanas (su esposa y su hija) y expone su punto de vista sobre la ciencia y la religión (sus doctores y el sacerdote). Todo parece conspirar contra la débil salud de este hombre, pero es también su propia mente la que también contribuye al derrumbe y en ese proceso de enfermedad el personaje comienza a comprender algo que a veces nos confunde: el creer que la muerte está lejos, que uno es joven y que no hace falta preocuparse, si total, uno se encuentra bien de salud...Es a partir de que se empeora cuando sabe cuán mortal es el ser humano. Se llama Iván, que en ruso es uno de los hombres más comunes (significa Juan) y el mismo Tolstói lo aclara con sus propias palabras: "Una descripción de la simple muerte de un hombre simple, realizada por él mismo". Ese Iván es un hombre simple y en el fondo ese Iván somos todos los hombres simples que este planeta para un día emigrar hacia otro estado. Siendo redundante, la muerte es así de simple.Durante la lectura de las últimas páginas, no pude dejar de conmoverme por el relato de los últimos días de Iván Illich.Confieso que yo también le tuve siempre temor a la muerte y la forma en la que Tolstói relata los dolores y sufrimientos de los últimos días de Iván Illich me remite directamente a los de mis padres, a quienes perdí en poco más de cinco meses entre ambas muertes.Leía, levantaba la cabeza y veía a mi padre sufriendo terriblemente por no poder respirar y a mi madre en su agonía de tres días. Uno quiere ayudar, quiere lograr que ese enfermo se sienta mejor, pero en el fondo sabe que todo es inútil y en vano. Todos, como dice Tolstói se dan cuenta que el destino es inevitable y que Ella nos espera con su infinita paciencia y nos alcanza. Nos lleva.En el caso de Iván Illich todo el proceso, desde la declarAción de los síntomas hasta el inevitable final, además de la retrospectiva que tanto autor como personaje llevan adelante, es ocupado por la muerte como tema dominante. Iván Illich, ante la lozanía de su esposa y la jovialidad y juventud de su hija reflexiona: "Sí. ¿Para qué engañarme? ¿Acaso no es evidente para todos, excepto para mí, que me estoy muriendo y que la cuestión pasa sólo por la cantidad de semanas, de días...? Puede ser ahora. Había luz, y ahora tinieblas. Yo estaba acá, y ahora estoy yendo hacia allá. ¿Hacia dónde?"Dijo una vez Agatha Christie: "La muerte es el único asesino perfecto." Funciona como el preciso mecanismo de un reloj. Inexorablemente avanza y nos abraza.
Socrates said that an unexamined life was not worth living. In Kafka's The Metamorphosis poor Gregor Samsa is transformed into a being that cannot take part in the daily round of society and becomes more and more sidelined and ignored by those around him. This book, the Death of Ivan Ilych, has both of these notions contained within it's theme.Ivan Ilyich is dying. As he grows sicker and fits less in with his fairweather friends and family and their preoccupation with their social life, they leave him be, they cannot stand his sickness, they cannot stand him. All Ivan Ilyich has is the simple, unschooled manservant with the good heart who doesn't want his master to die alone and afraid. He is almost the Angel of Mercy, all good, he is just there to help his master pass from this life with a good companion. Ivan Ilych progresses through the endless scream of 'Why me?" to where he is almost at the end. And then he sees his rather petty life of moderate success and a little excess as it really was He stops hating his selfish wife and self-centred daughter and ceasing to be afraid of death hopes his demise will bring them peace. And by this examination of his life and the letting go of his more shabby and trivial emotions, he elevates himself. And dies.Finished end of Dec. 2014.
Each time I reread Tolstoy's little novella, The Death of Ivan Ilych, I read it differently. As a college student I read it as a description of an experience for someone elderly, an experience distant, almost unreal, so far in the future as to be strange, almost surreal. Reading it again during my years as a practicing physician, I was impressed by Tolstoy's perceptiveness of the stages of grieving, the writings of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross being then all the rage, and how my patients had similar experiences, also learning, I think, to be more honest and sensitive than the physicians in the story. Now, a retired physician in my seventh decade, I find that I view it differently, surprised that Ivan is only in his forties when he dies (I was astounded to note that he was so young!), not surprised by and even forgiving of the attitudes of his friends and family members, and most understanding of Ivan's process of introspectively reviewing his life, evaluating it and responding in perhaps the only way he can to his approaching death and its meaning; I find it impossible not to personalize the story, wondering, even at a time when I am presumably in good health, about my own eventual death, what that experience will be like for me.
درحقیقت مرگ ایوان ایلیچ، اولین تجربه من از تولستوی بود. جای تأسفه، بیست سالمه و خیلی از شاهکارها رو نخوندم. چپ و راست بم می‌گن فلان چیزو خوندی؟ نه. ویرجینیا وولف؟ نه. ایشی‌گورو؟ نه. یوسا؟ نه. مارکز؟ آو، دو سه تایی خوندم. دیکنز؟ اینم آو و اینا. همینگوی؟ چندتا کوتاه و پیرمرد و دریا فقط. داستایوفسکی؟ کوتاهاشو. و تولستوی؟ مرگ ایوان ایلیچ. بیست سال زندگی کردم و انگشت‌شمار شاهکار خوندم.تولستوی مثل یه مهندس داستانشو طراحی می‌کنه. همه‌چیز دقیق و محکم و ساختارمند و فکرشده. هیچ خدشه‌ای نمی‌تونی بهش وارد کنی. من طول کشید بخونمش، چون از رو فیدیبو می‌خونم و کتاب الکترونیک چشمم رو خسته می‌کنه. خود داستان هم چیزی نبود که راحت بخونی بگذری. دردِ وجود و زندگی و مرگ رو باید مزه مزه کنی باهاش. شخصیت‌پردازی اطرافیان ایوان عالی بود. هرکدوم‌شون نماد شده بودن و پوچی زندگی‌شونو می‌دیدی. اینکه همه‌شون در ظاهر عزادارِ مرگ ایوان بودن ولی ازش نفع می‌بردن. مرگ ایوان ایلیچ چیزی نبود که دلخواهم باشه، صرفاً از نظر سلیقه‌ای می‌گم. همون‌طور که هرچی از شرمن الکسی بخونم خوشم می‌آد، درحالی‌که شاید برای خیلی‌ها عالی نباشه. سلیقه یه چیزه، قوی و ضعیف بودنِ داستان یه چیز دیگه. حالا اینکه چقد ذوقت پیشرفت کرده باشه که از داستان قوی هم خوشت بیاد، زمان می‌بره.
این داستان بلند را باید حتماً خواند. این را و داستان بلند دیگر "پدر سرگئی" را. مضمون کلی آن هم تقریباً مشابه این داستان و تقریباً مشابه سایر آثار بزرگ تولستوی، از جمله جنگ و صلح و آنا کارنیناست. حرفی که این داستان بلند می خواهد بزند، گم شدن "معنای انسان بودن" در میان روزمرگی هاست. شخصیت اصلی، یک کارمند موفق است و ترقی های زیادی در اداره اش کرده. اما وقتی با مرگ محتوم رو به رو می شود، تازه می فهمد که هرگز زندگی نکرده است و سراسر عمرش را به همین ترقی بی معنی و کار بی معنی تر سپری کرده است. آن گاه، در این مدت اندکی که تا مرگ فاصله دارد، می خواهد به دنبال معنای زندگی بگردد.کارگردان شهیر ژاپنی، "اکیرا کوروساوا" همین مضمون را دستمایه ی فیلم درخشان خود به نام "زیستن" یا "ایکیرو" کرده است.
Espectacular libro. Una pequeña joya que nos ha legado este escritor ruso al que, sin ninguna duda, volveré. Tolstói logra capturar la soledad, la desesperación, la decadencia de la mente y la pérdida de manera extraordinaria. Si se quiere ser eterno, es menester ser cuidadoso con lo que se deja. La eternidad solo es alcanzable en la vida de otros.¿Lo malo? Demasiado corto. Quería que durase más. En fin, el mejor libro que he leído sobre la muerte. Obra necesaria para entender un poco más de la vida.
I read this novella a couple of weeks ago and I did not write a review right away; I had to put my thoughts in order (they rarely are but, oh well). That only happens after reading an amazing book, brilliantly written, that deals with the human condition like Dostoyevsky's keen eye can deal. This book is about life itself, life in its most virtuous and degrading glory. This masterpiece has no more than 120 pages, but it manages to show many perspectives on different issues concerning the human nature; it is insane. Life without meaning. A hollow, immoral life that, from a certain perspective, seems even worse than death. A first sign of that meaning appears, ironically, when life is about to end. So human. This book starts with Ivan's death. Every human reaction described by Tolstoy is too damn real. Every passage has a different idea, a different way of describing real human behavior. A person just died and his allegedly best friend is thinking about getting out of his room so he can play cards with another fella. And don't get me started on the widow... A life vanished and this shallow people can't stop thinking about themselves.Ivan Ilyich achieved an important social status after years of work, pushing his family aside. A man that thought he had lived well, was now suffering a painful death. However, is this death more painful than the way he actually lived? Did he live, at all? The eternal questions remain unanswered: what is exactly "to live"? What's the meaning of all that? Why are we here? Why can't you tickle yourself? What's a number? Can we really be objective? Will airplane food get any better? Will celebrities ever stop naming their kids after inanimate objects?OK, moving on.There are many things I would like to say about this book but I just can't. I don't want to spoil this anymore. And I know you can read a lot about it in any other place, but not in here.I never ask anyone to read anything. However, I urge you, and you, and the other one next to you... to read this book.Mar 05, 14* Also on my blog.
Balanço FinalIvan Ilitch viveu afastado do amor! Carreirista ambicioso e egocêntrico, refugiou-se no trabalho e no jogo, preterindo a afectividade...Até àquele dia em que sentiu a morte aproximar-se a longos passos rápidos -- tal situação impunha reflexão!Foi então invadido por uma incómoda sensação de falhanço radical -- a sua vida fora marcadamente infeliz, com excepção de alguns momentos fugazes que vivera na infância!E porquê? Que fizera ele de tão errado que justificasse tão execrável agonia?!...Observando com compaixão a agonia de Ivan, procuro uma resposta capaz de abortar a inquietação que desponta em mim -- Ivan fechou portas ao Amor, mantendo a Felicidade ausente.Porém, mesmo que tal informação lhe seja eventualmente sussurrada, já não poderá salvar uma Vida cujo prazo se abeira do fim!...A Felicidade nasce no Amor e é o reconhecimento do Eu. Quem nunca a conhecer morrerá sem sequer nascer!!!
Το βιβλίο αυτό δεν θα το διάβαζα ποτέ εάν δεν το συναντούσα συχνά στα βιβλία ψυχολογίας που διαβάζω με κύριο θέμα τους τον.. θάνατο. Τελευταία φορά που διάβασα μια αναφορά για αυτό το βιβλίο ήταν στο "ΕΜΕΙΣ ΟΙ ΘΝΗΤΟΙ". Ο συγγραφέας το επαινούσε για την δεξιότητα του Τολστόι να εμβαθύνει τόσο στην ψυχολογία ενός ετοιμοθάνατου.Ο Ϊβαν Ϊλιτς πεθαίνει. Μέσα απο την αργή αλλά σταθερή πορεία του Ιλιτς προς τον θάνατο γινόμαστε θεατές μιας φοβερής εσωτερικής διεργασίας. Ο Τόλστοι είναι εκπληκτικά ταλαντούχος στο να εμβαθύνει μέσα στην ψυχολογία ενός ανθρώπου που πλησιάζει το τέλος του και αναγκάζεται να σκεφτεί την πορεία της ζωής του φτάνοντας στο συμπέρασμα ότι για να πεθάνεις καλά πρέπει να έχεις ζήσει καλά.Μου άρεσε πάρα πολύ παρόλο που είναι ένα βιβλίο πολύ κλειστοφοβικό. Μου πήρε δυο εβδομάδες να το διαβάσω! Είναι εκπληκτικό πόσο σωστά περιγράφει τον επιθανάτιο τρόμο που πιάνει κάθε απο εμάς.
عالی عالی عالیتوصیفات و درک تولستوی از بیماری و فردی که در انتظار مرگه فوق العاده بود. این که نویسنده چطور به این تجربه رسیده و تونسته این حالات رو درک کنه واقعا برام سواله...!
Συγκλονιστικη περιγραφη!! Στεναχωρο πολυ αλλα ταυτοχρονα ρεαλιστικο. Εδειξε με αληθινο και απλο τροπο την ψυχο-συνθεση του αρρωστου καθως κ την απογνωση του. Αναζητουσε την απαντηση στην ερωτηση Γιατι;; Γιατι να του συμβαινει αυτο; Βρισκοταν μετεωρος και ζουσε εναν παραλογισμο...απο τη μια να αποδεχεται την αρρωστια κ τον θανατο, απο την αλλη να τρεφει ελπιδες πως θα θεραπευτει. Καθε φορα που πονουσε ενιωθα κ γω ενα δυνατο πονο στο στομαχι. Το διδαγμα ειναι πως η υγεια ειναι πανω απ' ολα και πως πρεπει να ζουμε εντονα την καθε στιγμη γιατι η ζωη ειναι πολυ μικρη... Υ.Γ. Ειλικρινα ευγνομονω το παζαρι βιβλιου που εγινε το χειμωνα στην πολη μου. Χαρη σ αυτο καταφερα να αποκτησω πολλα διαμαντια 💎💎💎💎💎💎 της ξενης και ελληνικης λογοτεχνιας και να φτιαξω μια ομορφη βιβλιοθηκη που μου γεμιζει τις μερες με γνωσεις κ εμπειριες!!!
Leo Tolstoy Ian Dreiblatt - Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Лев Николаевич Толстой; commonly Leo Tolstoy in Anglophone countries) was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Later in life, he also wrote plays and essays. His two most famous works, the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, are acknowledged as two of the greatest novels of all time and a pinnacle of realist fiction. Many consider Tolstoy to have been one of the world's greatest novelists. Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s, after which he also became noted as a moral thinker and social reformer.His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him in later life to become a fervent Christian anarchist and anarcho-pacifist. His ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You, were to have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures as Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.


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Home International The Gambia's Eccentric Dictator Is Now Even Forcing His One-Time Supporters To...
The Gambia's Eccentric Dictator Is Now Even Forcing His One-Time Supporters To Flee
NEW YORK — Fatou Camara thought she was safe. The mother of two had built a successful career on Gambian television and had the president's ear. Then, on September 15, she was suddenly detained and thrown into a roach infested prison cell and held there for 25 days. The Gambian authorities accused her of sedition for allegedly smearing the president in statements to an opposition website, and eventually set her free on bail. She immediately fled the country, first for Senegal and then settled to the U.S. Camara denies the allegations, and calls the charges a political set up.
"I know some people are tortured, but I was not," Camara told BuzzFeed by phone from Georgia. "For this to happen to someone like me is what scares people. People were not expecting this. I worked for the president, and we've been very close."
The west African nation of the Gambia, home to just 1.8 million people, is mainly known for its beautiful beaches — but it is also home to one of the world's most ruthless, and eccentric, dictators, Yahye Jammeh. Opposition activists say Jammeh rules the Gambia with an iron fist. Political opponents are frequently harassed, arrested, tortured, and put through sham trials, while Gambians are kept in a constant state of paranoia through tight media control, according to human rights groups. Jammeh bans most foreign journalists and human rights organizations from operating in the country. He has also claimed he can cure AIDS, and has outlawed homosexuality.
"The world is looking at the Gambia as not very important, but the Gambian people need help," Camara said. "You cannot speak out in the Gambia. You can be killed. You can be arrested. You can be kept in prison for a long time. You can disappear. Nobody will help. Everybody is too scared."
Lisa Nikolaus, Amnesty International's Gambia expert, says that several recent developments indicate an increase in government repression. In June, the government increased its hold on the media by raising the penalty for derogatory statements against the government to 15 years in prison. The summer before, on Aug 23, Jammeh ordered the secret execution of nine death row inmates, reportedly by firing squad. It was the Gambia's first executions in nearly 30 years. An estimated 38 more prisoners remain on death row, several of whom are reportedly Senegalese nationals. A prominent Gambian Muslim cleric, Imam Baba Leigh, spoke out against the executions in December, calling them "un-Islamic." He promptly disappeared for five months, and refused to discuss his circumstances upon reappearing.
Reports by political opponents outside of Gambia also describe an increasingly erratic leader. Jammeh has ruled the country since 1994, when he seized power in a military coup, and has since been reelected in four elections, widely criticized by the international community. Jammeh is said to act outlandishly, making statements comparing himself to God. He is also notorious for hiring and firing ministers, and reportedly imprisoning people for the slightest personal offense. In Oct 22, he reportedly ordered three political prisoners to confess to sedition on national TV.
"I wouldn't be surprised if they find he's had a serious mental problem, but as a leader he's been able to get away with it," said Amadou Scattered Janneh, a former information minister who now heads the Coalition for Change-Gambia (CCG) from exile in Georgia. He has been in the U.S. since September 2012.
Gambian police arrested Janneh in June 2011 for distributing T-shirts that read, "End to Dictatorship Now." At the time, Janneh was an organizer with the CCG in collaboration with Gambians abroad. Janneh told BuzzFeed he was held in the Gambia's notorious Mile 2 Central prison along with the nine prisoners later executed. He has published an e-book, Standing Up Against Injustice, recounting the horrific atrocities he witnessed during 15 months in prison. Janneh is a U.S. citizen, and his arrest raised international outage. Amnesty International and the Reverend Jesse Jackson ultimately led a successful campaign for his release.
Amnesty International and Gambian diaspora civil society groups, like CCG, have called on the European Union to adopt tougher measures, like targeted sanctions and travel bans, against the Gambian regime and to ensure international access to Gambian prisons. So far, however, the responses have been tepid, with no official announcements on a larger strategy.
"It's not hard to make a case against the regime," Janneh said. "But when it comes to action, that's where we've been missing."
Amnesty International has not been able to work inside Gambia since 2008, according to Nikolaus. Instead, the human rights organization conducts research from Senegal and abroad, where they can work more freely. But Gambians can also face trouble in the Casamance region of Senegal, which lies along the Gambian border and is ripe with anti-Senegalese government rebels, several of whom are supported by Jammeh, according to activists.
Nana Ndow, a 28-year-old Gambian consultant living in Brazil, has started an online campaign for the release of her father, Saul Ndow, who went missing in Senegal last April, along with a Gambian opposition leader, Mahawa Cham. Ndow told BuzzFeed by telephone from Rio de Janeiro that she suspects that agents working for Jammeh in Senegal abducted her father while he was on business in the country and smuggled him through Casamence back into the Gambia. The president, she said, "has always said that he wanted my father dead or alive." Nana and her family have contacted the Senegalese government regarding her father's whereabouts. They have so far received no response. Her family now fears he is dead.
Amnesty International has investigated the case, but cannot confirm Ndow's allegations, Nikolaus said, since collecting and verifying information in the Gambia is a near-impossible task.
"It's really sad that families feel like they have to go public like this because they are not getting support from the Senegalese and Gambian governments," Nikolaus said by phone from Senegal regarding Ndow's case. "The UN and regional African countries need to provide support for getting them information on their loved ones."
Camara told BuzzFeed she will not go back home as long as Janneh remains in power.
"You cannot have a country where all the people are running away," Camara said. "There are a lot of Gambians who want to go home."
The Gambia, a tiny west African nation, is ruled by one of the world's worst dictators — but opponents feel left in the dark as their stories go largely unnoticed by the international media.
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Don Watkins
We Don't Deserve Builders
When I was 17, I saw the South Park movie in theaters. In one scene, Bill Gates — at that time, still the head of Microsoft — gets his head blown off by some military general. The theater erupted in applause. Hundreds of people cheered like a medieval crowd witnessing a beheading. It was chilling.
Fast forward twenty years. We get a leading Democratic presidential candidate demanding we "break up Big Tech."
Thankfully, Republicans stepped up and…oh, wait, no…they mostly agreed. "Google is bigger now than Standard Oil was when it was broken up," Senator Ted Cruz fumed.
President Obama famously said, "You didn't build that." But the real motto of 21st Century America is: you'd better not build that…and if you do, you're gonna pay.
"It's Time To Build"
I was thinking about that this morning after reading a powerful essay by a quintessential builder, Marc Andreessen: "It's Time To Build." Seriously, read the whole thing. But the basic idea is that our chaotic response to COVID-19 "is a failure of action, and specifically our widespread inability to *build*."
We see this today with the things we urgently need but don't have. We don't have enough coronavirus tests, or test materials — including, amazingly, cotton swabs and common reagents. We don't have enough ventilators, negative pressure rooms, and ICU beds. And we don't have enough surgical masks, eye shields, and medical gowns — as I write this, New York City has put out a desperate call for rain ponchos to be used as medical gowns. Rain ponchos! In 2020! In America!
This, frankly, is terrifying.
There's a scene at the beginning of my favorite novel, Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged, where a railroad employee named Eddie Willers is reflecting on an oak tree from his childhood. "It had stood there for hundreds of years, and he thought it would always stand there."
But one evening the oak tree is struck by lightning. Willers finds it the next morning.
It lay broken in half, and he looked into its trunk as into the mouth of a black tunnel. The tree was only an empty shell; its heart had rotted away long ago; there was nothing inside — just a thin gray dust that was being dispersed by the whim of the faintest wind. The living power had gone, and the shape it left had not been able to stand without it.
In the novel, the tree is a metaphor for a world running on the fumes of centuries of progress. It's a world where the thinkers and builders who make progress possible have vanished, and it becomes only a matter of time before the rotted out trunk is revealed and society collapses.
What I think Marc is hitting on: Atlas's metaphor is increasingly relevant to our own world.
Here are four charts from my colleague Alex Epstein's book The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels. He calls them the "human flourishing hockey sticks."
These graphs are and should be inspiring. We are the beneficiaries of two centuries of relentless progress.
But they should also be an ominous warning: the last two centuries were preceded by century after century after century of poverty and stagnation.
The most important question human beings face is what made the human flourishing hockey sticks possible — and what forces could potentially reverse the trend of rapid progress?
Because, make no mistake, progress isn't automatic. While radical environmentalists drone on about a "no growth" economy, the reality is that human beings either progress or regress. We grow or we die.
Exhibit A: Venezuela. Once among the wealthiest countries in South America, its people are now coping with blackouts, medical shortages, and starvation. "We've returned to the Middle Ages," said one.
No, America isn't going to become Venezuela tomorrow (though it's not impossible if the lockdowns continue much longer). But our inability to respond to COVID-19 has revealed we are far more vulnerable than we believed just a few months ago.
The tree trunk is rotted out.
America is closed for business
So how did we end up in a situation where AMERICA, the richest country in history, can't even come up with sufficient cotton swabs and medical gowns? Marc explains:
We could have these things but we chose not to — specifically we chose not to have the mechanisms, the factories, the systems to make these things. We chose not to *build*.
Yes. So much yes. But why in the world would we choose not to build?
I mean, it seems crazy.
"Hey, wouldn't it be great if we had more wealth and technology and housing and healthcare and opportunity for everyone?"
"That would be amazing!"
"Okay, we can totally build that. You in?"
"Nah. I think I'll pass."
The thing to understand is that we haven't chosen not to build. Not explicitly and self-consciously. We've simply chosen to make America inhospitable to builders and to building.
It's almost too painful to catalogue the litany of ways we've nailed the "closed for business" sign atop the entryway of America. My friend Jason Crawford captures the big picture, particularly the way our out-of-control regulatory state is strangling American progress. I'll give just one example of my own.
A century ago, Americans would erect new skyscrapers and build new pipelines in a matter of months. As we speak, the Keystone XL pipeline has been held up for more than a decade. That's an extreme case, but it's hardly an outlier.
And don't think fossil fuel projects are unique. The opposition isn't only to what's being built. It's to building per se. Wind and solar projects have been opposed almost as often — including by so-called environmentalists.
To the extent we do have progress, it's mainly in the more free areas of the economy (e.g., the tech sector that politicians like Elizabeth Warren and Ted Cruz want to control) — or it's because of the endurance of builders willing to cut through the red tape — or it's because of the builders willing to ignore the red tape and build anyway.
An eloquent example of this last came in the early days of the U.S.'s response to COVID-19. In January, Helen Y. Chu, a flu researcher at the University of Washington, asked government regulators for permission to adapt a flu test in order to test for COVID-19. The government said no, and Chu did it anyway. That's courage. But it's courage we have no right to expect.
The problem isn't just government. It's not as if Americans are demanding that we build and the government is getting in the way. Washington is merely reflecting our preferences. Anti-business sentiment is alive and well on both the left and the right.
Check your morality
So what's behind the near-universal opposition to building? The near-universal moral framework our culture accepts.
Specifically, two ideas: it's immoral to impact nature and it's immoral to make money — it's wrong to produce and it's wrong to profit.
These two ideas have the same basic source: the near-universal belief that our basic moral obligation is to sacrifice. Human beings as a species are supposed to sacrifice ourselves to the rest of nature, and individual human beings are supposed to sacrifice ourselves to the rest of humanity.
Want to build a factory? Not if it displaces some endangered slug. Did you somehow manage to build a factory, create a lot of jobs, and turn out products — say, cotton swabs or medical gowns — that lots of people want to buy? That's great! Unless you made a lot of money in the process, in which case you're a greedy bastard who needs to take marching orders from selfless public servants like Elizabeth Warren and Ted Cruz and Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump.
Oh, and by the way, you are morally inferior to everyone who hasn't built a business and hasn't achieved productive success. They've achieved the one thing you haven't — the only thing that entitles you to moral esteem: victimhood.
("You hate the poor!" No. This isn't about rich vs. poor. The same process works at every level of productive ability. The CEO may have to sacrifice to the plumber, but the plumber has to sacrifice for the fast food worker and the fast food worker has to sacrifice for the bum who can't be bothered to work.)
We are living in the world our moral ideas created. We are living in a world we demanded our leaders create because we believed it was morally right.
And until we challenge the moral ideal of sacrifice, we don't deserve better. So long as we penalize, demonize, and restrain builders, we don't deserve to benefit from their work.
We don't deserve the entrepreneurs pioneering new technologies. We don't deserve the medical researchers who pioneer new medical tests. We don't deserve the miners and drillers and welders and construction workers and electrical engineers and factory workers who do the physical building.
But that can all change. It comes down to two simple steps: say thank you, and get the hell out of their way.
Sign up for my newsletter and receive my free Persuasion Bootcamp email course.
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Engaging the Word: Readings for 4/5/15 (Easter Day)
Engaging the Word / By Donna Olendorf / March 29, 2015 March 29, 2015 / 1 Corinthians 15, Acts 10, Barbara Klugh, City, Engaging the Word, Grace Episcopal Church, Mark 16, Psalm 118, Traverse
By Barbara Klugh Acts 10:34-43; Psalm 118:1-2, 14-24; 1 Corinthians 15:1-11; Mark 16:1-8. Go to www.lectionarypage.net to read or print the weekly lectionary text. Happy Easter! In this week's readings we have an abundance of Good News. Peter realizes that the Gospel is for everyone, not just the Jews; Paul explains the significance of the …
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2014 Stewardship Ministry Overview
Stewardship / By grace / March 26, 2015 March 26, 2015
This post will act as a compilation of the various resources and plan created to train disciples on giving at Grace during the emphasis that occurred in fall 2014. The majority of the ministry emphasis was shaped by the book by Kristine Miller and Scott McKenzie (M & M) called "Bounty: Ten Ways to Increase …
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Engaging the Word: Readings for 3/29/15 (Palm Sunday)
Engaging the Word / By Donna Olendorf / March 22, 2015 March 22, 2015 / Barbara Klugh, City, Engaging the Word, Grace Episcopal Church, Isaiah 50, Mark 11, Mark 13, Philippians 2, Psalm 118, Psalm 31, Traverse
By Barbara Klugh The Liturgy of the Palms: Mark 11:1-11; Psalm 118:1-2, 19-29 The Liturgy of the Word: Isaiah 50:4-9a; Psalm 31:9-16; Philippians 2:5-11; Mark 13:22-37. Go to www.lectionarypage.net to read or print the weekly lectionary text. The Liturgy of the Palms Mark 11:1-11: Our first Gospel reading this week is Mark's account of Jesus …
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Voice of the vestry: Grace at heart of Traverse Deanery
grace notes, voice of the vestry / By Donna Olendorf / March 21, 2015 March 21, 2015 / Chuck Wolterink, Grace Episcopal Church, Voice of the Vestry
By Chuck Wolterink On March 7, I attended the meeting of our Deanery, which was held immediately after the Bishop's Town Hall meeting. I have been to a number of Deanery meetings before, but I have never been entirely clear about exactly what a Deanery is or about the details of our own Deanery in …
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Ken & Glenda Andrews receive Sara Hardy Award
grace notes / By Donna Olendorf / March 17, 2015 March 17, 2015 / City, Donna Olendorf, Glenda Andrews, Grace Episcopal Church, Jubilee House, Jubilee Ministries, Ken Andrews, Traverse
By Donna Olendorf "We receive so much more back than we give," Glenda Andrews told a standing room only crowd at the Traverse City Government Center on Monday night, as she and her husband Ken were honored with the Sara Hardy Award for humanitarian service. Dozens of Jubilee House volunteers and patrons, as well as …
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Engaging the Word: Readings for 3/22/15 (Fifth Sunday in Lent)
Engaging the Word / By Donna Olendorf / March 16, 2015 March 16, 2015 / Barbara Klugh, City, Engaging the Word, Grace Episcopal Church, Hebrews 5, Jeremiah 31, John 12, Psalm 51, Traverse
By Barbara Klugh Jeremiah 31:31-34; Psalm 51:1-13; Hebrews 5:5-10; John 12:20-33. Go to www.lectionarypage.net to read or print the weekly lectionary text. Extraordinary readings this week: Jeremiah offers God's people the hope of a new covenant, David prays for God's forgiveness and mercy, the author of Hebrews teaches us that Jesus is our Great High …
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Engaging the Word: Readings for 3/15/15 (Fourth Sunday in Lent)
Engaging the Word / By Donna Olendorf / March 9, 2015 March 9, 2015 / Barbara Klugh, City, Engaging the Word, Ephesians 2, Grace Episcopal Church, John 3, Numbers 21, Psalm 107, Traverse
By Barbara Klugh Numbers 21:4-9; Psalm 107:1-3, 17-22; Ephesians 2:1-10; John 3:14-21. Go to www.lectionarypage.net to read or print the weekly lectionary text. Numbers 21:4-9: The fourth book of the Bible, Numbers covers almost 40 years of the Israelites' desert wanderings following their Exodus from Egypt. The book's name comes from the two censuses that …
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Engaging the Word: Readings for 3/8/15 (Third Sunday in Lent)
Engaging the Word / By Donna Olendorf / March 2, 2015 March 2, 2015 / 1 Corinthians 1, Barbara Klugh, City, Engaging the Word, Exodus 20, Grace Episcopal Church, John 2, Psalm 19, Traverse
By Barbara Klugh Exodus 20:1-17; Psalm 19; 1 Corinthians 1:18-25; John 2:13-22. Go to www.lectionarypage.net to read or print the weekly lectionary text. We have powerful readings this week—God speaks the Ten Commandments to the Israelites, Paul explains the message of the cross, and Jesus cleanses the temple. Exodus 20:1-17: The Book of Exodus tells …
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IBF steht als Abkürzung für:

 Ignatz Bubis Frankfurt, ein Privatlabel hochwertiger mechanischer Uhren des Schmuckhändlers Ignatz Bubis
 Institut für Bildsame Formgebung an der RWTH Aachen
 Institut für Bank- und Finanzgeschichte in Frankfurt am Main
 Intelligenz Basis Faktoren, eine Familie von IQ-Tests, siehe Intelligenztest
 International Badminton Federation, heute Badminton World Federation, Weltverband in der Sportart Badminton
 International Bandy Federation, frühere Bezeichnung der Federation of International Bandy
 International Bankers Forum, ein Berufsfachverband des Bankgewerbes
 International Bertelsmann Forum, eine Veranstaltung der Bertelsmann Stiftung
 International Biodanza Foundation
 International Bookseller-Federation
 International Bowling Federation
 International Boxing Federation, ein Boxverband, der offizielle Kämpfe ausrichtet und die IBF-Weltmeistertitel im Profiboxen verleiht
 International Budo Federation
 Internationaler Bergwanderweg der Freundschaft Eisenach–Budapest
 Ionenbilanzfehler, Plausibilitätsprüfung der wasserchemischen Analyse, siehe Wasseranalyse #Ionenbilanzfehler

IBF

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Chief Justice John Roberts: Trojan Horse?
29 Jun, 2012 by	Rachel Alexander
Conservatives are scratching their heads trying to figure out why Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Roberts voted with the four liberal Justices on the Court 5-4 to uphold the constitutionality of the most controversial part of Obamacare. Even swing vote Justice Anthony Kennedy voted against it. The Obamacare individual mandate requires all Americans to purchase health insurance by 2014 or face jail time or huge monetary penalties.
The majority decision, written by Roberts, characterizes the mandate as a tax permissible under the constitution's Tax Clause. But what if someone chooses not to buy health insurance, resulting in a penalty of a fine or jail time? How can that be characterized as a tax if you're not buying anything? The Obamacare law does not even refer to its mandate as a tax. Obama declared in 2009 that his health care law was not a tax. By Roberts characterizing it as such, the reach of Congress's taxing power has been greatly expanded.
Using the majority's reasoning, Congress could put in place all kinds of draconian requirements. The possibilities are endless as to what kinds of things could be forced on people by threatening them with an onerous "tax." This decision essentially authorizes Congress to do almost anything as long as it is labeled a "tax." Greg Sargent at the Washington Post cites "Broccoli Tyranny," a phrase coined by New York University law professor Barry Friedman who wrote a brief supporting Obamcare. "They can't make you eat broccoli, but they can tax you for not eating it," Friedman says. Obamacare can be distinguished from local and state mandates to attend public schools and pay for public schools, since the Tenth Amendment grants the states powers not specifically granted to the federal government.
The dissent, written by conservative Justices Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas, and Samuel Alito, argued that the individual mandate is a regulatory penalty, not a tax. They observed that in a few prior cases, the Supreme Court has held that a "tax" imposed upon private activity was so onerous as to constitute a penalty. Americans who do not purchase health insurance will be fined up to $1900 per year. If that is not an onerous "tax," I don't know what is. The penalty for noncompliance is up to a year in jail or a $25,000 fine.
Daniel Fisher at Forbes Magazine argues that Roberts was not actually ceding power to Congress, but amassing more power for the Court, reminiscent of the power play by Chief Justice John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison. By siding with the liberals on the court on the narrow question of whether the mandate was a tax, Roberts was able to assign writing the majority opinion to himself. He then made two two far reaching decisions restricting Congress. He ruled that the individual mandate was not authorized by the Commerce Clause — a setback to liberals, who have vastly expanded the scope of the Commerce Clause to authorize all kinds of government regulations. Roberts reasoned that because it compelled individuals to become active in commerce by purchasing a product, not simply regulating existing commerce, it fell outside of the scope of the Commerce Clause. Roberts also limited a massive expansion of Medicare. While not quite striking it down, he held that it would be unconstitutional for the federal government to withhold Medicaid funds for states that failed to comply with the expansion provisions.
Not all legal scholars think this is a triumph for the judiciary over Congress. Professor Friedman believes using the Tax Clause instead of the Commerce Clause is bad news. He said, "This is far more devastating to federalism and the balance of power between states and the national government," he says. "You can now tax pretty much anything." Nick Dranias, a constitutional lawyer, lamented, "It is a turning point in history when the federal government can use the taxing power (the power to destroy) to accomplish regulatory ends denied to it under its enumerated powers."
There is speculation that Roberts ruled this way in order to help conservatives strategically, to leave Obamacare hanging around Obama's neck for the upcoming election. By asserting that Obamacare is funded by taxes, it now becomes just another tax increase that the Democrats will have to defend. If it is a tax, it may be the biggest tax increase in history. It is so unpopular it will drive more people out to vote, especially doctors. A Rasmussen poll this month found that 52% of likely voters want Obamacare repealed. Obama is trying to avoid speaking about it in his reelection efforts; this victory puts him in an awkward position. Mitt Romney has said the first thing he will do when he becomes president is sign an Executive Order exempting all 50 states from Obamacare.
Did Roberts rule this way for tactical reasons, or did he sell out to the left? One connected D.C. insider is skeptical of Roberts' motives and believes he ruled that way because he is just another Washington politician. The Volokh Conspiracy legal blog wondered in May whether Roberts was pressured to uphold the individual mandate.
The problem with "free" health insurance for everyone is that it does not exist. Instead, as has happened in Canada and European countries which have socialized medicine, people are put on waiting lists or lotteries in order to receive treatment. It is not free if you die before receiving it.
NFIB v. Sebelius will go down as one of the most significant rulings coming from the Supreme Court. Instead of continuing 200 years of lumping government expansion of power under the Commerce Clause, the Supreme Court has now turned to the Taxing Clause to authorize massive new regulations.


San Francisco: Google's immensely popular Gboard keyboard application is likely to get a battery saver mode soon, as the company tests the latest Gboard beta version, the media reported.
The version 7.3 reveals development on a number of exciting features including a possible "OCR" (optical character recognition capability) tool that could be used to extract text from images.
"Gboard might soon gain a battery saver theme that can be enabled manually by the user or automatically by the device when the corresponding Android battery saver mode is enabled.
By switching to a dark theme and disabling some power hungry features. The battery saver mode can be enabled and disable manually, 9to5Google reported late on Tuesday. These could be apps like stickers and bitmoji.
The tech giant is also working on "OCR" capability that would appear as one of the tools alongside Google Translate, GIF and sticker shortcuts.
"One possible application would be launching it and snapping a picture, with Gboard working to grab the text for copying and pasting. Such functionality already exists within Google Lens, but would be very convenient directly in Gboard," the report said.


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Enough is Enough Week
Matthew Jeanes
Sometimes you get to a breaking point and you just have to say "enough is enough." This week's theme grew naturally out of a handful of movies that I saw in theaters that all seemed to resonate with that notion of hitting a limit and doing something about it. There are some great "enough is enough" movies out there–films that take that premise in revolutionary, visionary, destructive, or self-destructive directions. Here are the ones I watched for this column.
Hobo with a Shotgun (2011) dir. Jason Eisener
Hesher (2010) dir. Spencer Susser
Battleship Potemkin (1925) dir. Sergei Eisenstein
Billy Jack (1971) dir. Tom Laughlin
Wristcutters: A Love Story (2006) dir. Goran Dukic
Human Experiments (1980) dir. Gregory Godell
Network (1976) dir. Sidney Lumet
Fight for What's Right
In Hobo with a Shotgun Rutger Hauer plays a weathered, train-hopping bum who just wants to collect enough coins in his sock to buy a lawn mower. What he plans to mow in the urban wasteland where he ends up isn't quite clear, but at least he has a goal. Too bad his pursuit of that goal is blocked at every turn by drug dealers, pimps, thugs, and hooligans who are fueled by chaos. When Hauer's hobo is pushed to the breaking point, he does what we'd all like to do and becomes a Hobo with a Shotgun. With shotgun in hand and an endless supply of shells, he's the Punisher with a few too many layers of clothes and a drinking problem. If you've seen the trailer, you know what you are getting yourself into. Hell, if you can't tell what you are getting into from the title, you don't watch enough movies. When Hauer has to face off with the crime lord's secret weapons, a pair of hired guns called "The Plague," the movie goes from fun to wonderfully absurd.
By stark contrast (in terms of film quality, anyway,) the crew of the Battleship Potemkin is fed up with rotten meat and substandard working conditions. Revolution is in the air, and they use that spirit to stand up to the officers who would kill them simply for complaining about borscht. Sergei Eisenstein's film is an important piece of cinema history and I was lucky enough to see it on a big screen, accompanied by a live musical score by Graham Reynolds (A Scanner Darkly.) The film was fantastic and a great example of why people shouldn't be so afraid of seeing silent movies. Without so much tedious dialog, the story unfolded from the images quite beautifully. Reynolds' score was tense and menacing. The whole thing was a bit like seeing Godspeed You Black Emperor! play without any guitars, and with a narrative film instead of 16mm loops. It was incredible.
A demonstration turns into chaos when the military cracks down.
Fight for Yourself
Hesher is an audacious film that goes much deeper than its fun-filled trailer would suggest. Sure, it's the story of a burnout metalhead who plows through a family in the midst of a crisis to some comedic affect, but it's also a touching meditation on grief. The character of Hesher never seems quite real, which makes the whole film feel a little bit magical–especially when he is surrounded by people so out-of-it that they rarely flinch when he sets things on fire.
Hesher is not the most obvious role model.
Hesher is brash, rude, violent, and a little bit crazed but he's also full of his own strange kind of wisdom that he drops on people in the form of profanity-laden allegories. If these scenes felt like the screenwriter telling the audience how to feel, the film would have fallen apart, but Joseph Gordon-Levitt plays Hesher as a guy so on the edge that he may not even understand the meaning behind his own philosophy. Or if he does, he certainly doesn't care if you do. Hesher is there to remind us that life keeps moving, so there's no point in stopping to fucking cry about it.
Fight for a Better World
During the climactic standoff in Billy Jack, the girl that Billy has been protecting for the whole movie explains her motivation for staying by his side during a suicidal gunfight with the memorable observation that her "life has been one big shit brick." She's been pushed to the edge by an abusive father, manipulative men, and a town that would rather put Billy down and return her to her abuser than let her live in peace. The film never gives much detail about Billy's past, but he seems motivated by a similar kind of cynicism, which is one of the things that makes the film so compelling.
He's not your ordinary Vietnam vet, half-Indian, motorcycle-riding, martial artist.
Often our vigilantes are out for justice, or guided by some kind of desire to clean the world up. Billy Jack is more cynical and reactionary. He isn't looking to build, but he doesn't want the people who do bring light into the world messed with and he's willing to step up to defend them when needed. In a weird way, Billy Jack knows what a better world would look like, but he doesn't appear convinced that such a world is possible. He stands up for people and ideals when they are threatened, but by the end of the film, he's still somewhat fatalistic about how much good he or anyone else can do.
Network is an absolute classic that is as riveting and appropriate today as it was in 1976. When news anchor Howard Beale goes off the deep end, the network's immediate decision is to fire him and retool the news division into something more sensational. Through a brilliant twist of fate, they wind up using Beale and his doomsday prophet routine to front a new nightly news program that is one half The Price Is Right and one half 60 Minutes. What makes this work as a deep-cutting satire of the media is the absolute sincerity that goes into Beale's tirades. He's a cracked man, no doubt, but when he entreats his audience to open their windows and shout "I'm mad as hell and I'm not gonna take this anymore" he strikes a chord. There's enough truth and insight in his madness to keep him from becoming a cartoon.
Listen to the man on the television.
Network is one of the films that inspired this column, especially that famous scene where people join in the chant. As Beale thinks he is fighting the good fight and spreading his visions of the world to an open public, we get to see the machinations behind the scenes that turn everything into a deranged spectacle to edge out a few more ratings points. I don't want to see Network remade in contemporary times with the current media landscape as a target–it doesn't need one bit of an update–but I can see how this story might hit present-day audiences hard. Sometimes even when we fight, we are co-opted by the powers that be and turned into a commodity, a freakshow, or the very thing we are railing against.
Give In or Give Up
Not everyone who is pushed to the limit manages to come out swinging. Sometimes, as in these last films, characters hit that wall and simply give up. However, Wristcutters: A Love Story isn't about the build up to that moment of ultimate decision. Instead, it's a farce about the dull purgatory that awaits those who off themselves. Wristcutters is full of so much quirk that it sometimes falls victim to its own budget and goofy ideas. There's a recurring gag about a vortex under the passenger seat of a car that would have worked so much better without Video Toaster quality CG effects, for instance. The film opens on a suicide, then flashes back to a lot more of them as it introduces the characters that inhabit purgatory. To be honest, I kept waiting for the "Love Story" portion of the movie to come into play, but something about being aimlessly lost in purgatory makes pursuing a love interest difficult. There are certainly better, more serious films about suicide out there, so if you are only looking for one–you might want not want this movie to be it.
In Human Experiments, a strong-willed female country singer is framed for a massacre and sent to prison. The movie gets all of that out of the way quickly so that it can move to the "women in prison" motif, but unlike more salacious prison exploitation movies, this one paints a strangely idyllic picture of life in the slammer. The women play ping pong, tend a garden, get treated to a funk concert, and even have a stand up video arcade game to play (that takes quarters!) There's only one fight and it's really just a push and a warning. The film doesn't linger on nudity either, and an obligatory shower and examination scene is more creepy than titillating.
This VHS box art is much more reflective of the film than whatever they have up at IMDB.
Human Experiments makes it in this week's list because it's about a sadistic (or maybe just misguided) psychiatrist whose idea of rehabilitation is a kind of psychological torture that breaks prisoners down to infancy so that they can be reborn as healthy individuals. It's not quite the Ludovico Technique, but it runs closely parallel–and with the same warnings. In a sickly cynical turn, our heroine isn't able to beat the drugs and mind games, so she is forced to acquiesce. For a movie that might have been promoted as a sensational piece of prison exploitation, it turned out to be quite a bit more psychologically disturbing than graphically shocking.
Other Movie Weeks in 2011:
Food Week
Divorce Week
ActionFest Week
Beat Takeshi Week
Atlanta Week
French Action Week
Childhood Fascination Week
Australian Rules Week
Black History Week
Vampire Week
Recent Westerns Week
Non-Godzilla Kaiju Week
Woody Allen Week
Secret Agent Week
Asian Action Week
Read more about: Horror, movie week


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CALGARY, ALBERTA--(Marketwired - June 23, 2017) - Total Energy Services Inc. ("Total Energy") (TSX:TOT) announces that Savanna Energy Services Corp. ("Savanna"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Total Energy, has purchased $39.6 million aggregate principal amount of 7 percent senior unsecured notes of Savanna due May 2018 (the "SVY Notes") that were tendered to Savanna's change of control offer made on April 24, 2017 at a price of 101% of the aggregate principal amount tendered. Including accrued and unpaid interest, the total consideration paid for the tendered SVY Notes was $40.2 million. Total Energy utilized its existing revolving credit facilities to fund the purchase of the tendered SVY Notes and $67.5 million aggregate principal amount of SVY Notes remain outstanding.


Well I'm a ravishing adonis from the area Henry VIII once described as the most dire and dastardly shire in the realm. Lincolnshire itself is'nt so bad however. I currently work as a janitor for Royal Mail *spits* and very keen on gardening and nature parks. I am the brother of three, uncle of many and great uncle of nearly as much. Not bad for a 37 year old!
Anyhow, I also like to cycle and I'm never usually without a camera, be it stills or video so I decided to compile this online glossary of all my bits and bobs to help free up hard drive space. Here's looking at you…!


MilaMoore77 MarkFoxxx jasmin. AliciaMiller. SexyIrinkaForYou. GoGenevieve.
LotsOfSquirtGoGenevieveBradGearValeriaSantos .krockFloryDreamspeekabouSinnerSaintOn .dirtytalktomeAriessMistresskrockpeekabou .AlicacompaxaWallaceWoodJhonAllexaERIKSEX .CuteAnneSKristaraHotStevenTwinkAlicacompaxa .VictoriiaBorkanlaurynspicexRoseXXXsweetyLanaLaruee .ClassyEvelynTSWildnessChestyEllealwaysONtheTOP .MatureDommepeekabouInnaKrownlaurynspicex .SaraMonttconejitacaliCuteAnneSSweetSwedeBerlin .MatureDommenochetyy9aHijabGirlTedWillie .SerenaWhitteNataliaSmithTSWildnesskrock .
SexyIrinkaForYoujennytransFabianaMayAlicacompaxa .KimluxebbBradGearSupperSallykolikojesati .TSWildnessTSWildnessJaylyneDunnHollyMayers .SweeetNadineSupperSallyGuyHotCockxHotStevenTwink .SissySub1974DaltonHuberAlejandroKissSummerSmallBB .testangel23AliciaMillerKristarabrownskinlatin .JackTheRabbitSinnerSaintOnMaryJuneMaryJune .JhonAllexaSaraMonttSerenaWhitteMissPorn4U .NobleMistressValeriaSantosSinnerSaintOnMySOUL4u .CharmingHot1DayanagoldSelena69xxxSelena69xxx .BradGearbrownskinlatinstriplayerWallaceWood .


Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of the area and reach of the Silnica river catchment and its six subcatchments delineated using GIS in three different variants: DEM (from Computerized Information System of Country Protection project; Polish: ISOK) in one-meter resolution, the Database of Topographic Objects (Polish: BDOT) in 1 : 10 000 scale and the Geodetic Utilities Network System (Polish: GESUT). A topographic map in 1 : 10 00 scale was also compared with the Map of Hydrographic Division of Poland (Polish: MPHP) and the differences in the catchment reach resulting from this comparison were also examined. The course of delineated drainage divides varied in each variant resulting in differences in the area and reach of the analyzed catchments. The best results in urban catchments delineation were obtained in GIS using DEM and corrected vector data from BDOT and GESUT databases. In this case, the catchments' reach overlapped with the existing drainage network. Traditional methods with the use of topographic maps and data from MPHP 1 : 10 000 scale proved to be less accurate as far as the reach of the Silnica river catchment was concerned and were useless in delineating the Silnica sub-catchments in Kielce city center.
Chicago style references: Wałek, Grzegorz. "The use of GIS methods in urban catchment drainage divides delineation on example of the Kielce city." Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 77 ser., vol. 26, no 3, (2017): 326-335. doi: 10.22630/PNIKS.2017.26.3.32.


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New Mobisode Emmys honouring "cross media" approach
On July 7, 2006 by Christy
The National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences have started an Emmy for Outstanding Original Programming Created for Non-Traditional Delviery Platforms.
Entries for this award must be original material made-for-broadband or made-for-mobile. These platforms include video blogs, website programs including journalistic reporting, event coverage or event analysis, mobisodes (short episodics created for mobile devices), video-on-demand and other video delivered over an IP network or platform such as wireless, broadband or VOD. Entries cannot be material originally produced for television viewing and then repurposed for the new media.
Did you read that last line? Yeah, repurposing is so mono-media. I was just thinking the other day that a cross-media award would have to stipulate that the content submitted was not repurposed. But back to the nominees:
24: Conspiracy by Fox Mobile Entertainment
ItÂ's Jerrytime! produced by Ozone Inc.
Live 8 on AOL produced by America Online
mtvU Stand In produced by MTV NetworksÂ' mtvU
Sophie Chase produced by CB Films Inc.
Stranger Adventures "Helen Beaumont" produced by Riddle Productions
And the last, Stranger Adventures, look at the way it is described:
Stranger Adventures is an on-line, interactive, brain-teasing adventure that features live-action video footage intertwined with text e-mails that continue to tell the heroÂ's story. Featuring a new adventure each week, the story unfolds as each day the viewer receives e-mails and video communications from the main character, promoting viewer interaction with the character. Stranger Adventures is billed as a cross media method of storytelling using the unique aspects of the new delivery platforms themselves.
Did you read that last line too? Very cool. The site has media you can download and view. These short videos show the programs but also explain the mobisode market and industry. I'll be adding these to my ongoing list of Mobisodes (if the Emmy committee can say 'mobisode', I can say mobisode).
Thanks Leslie for this heads up. You're Awesome!
Distributed Aesthetics Abound
BarCampSydney2, unconditional participation, heterarchies, intrapreneurs, digital aboriginals and those who have Got Game
Announcing my new game coming soon: "Magister Ludi"
Fibreculture Mobility issue
Religion replaces Sex in Disruption Power
4 Responses to "New Mobisode Emmys honouring "cross media" approach"
Leslie Nassar on July 8, 2006 14:08
I loved Jerry and Orrin's photos from the awards.
christy on July 8, 2006 16:24
Those pics are great. Very funny, just the series. Funny how people are calling them 'iPod' Emmys, and indeed I called them 'mobisode' Emmys (just to show how they're getting more important). But really, I think the sectioning off of awards according to a medium is getting a bit silly. What about best mix of live and virtual? What about best narrative development over platforms? What about best use of each medium's affordances?… And, as you told me, AOL won. Good for them.
They already have technical Emmys, and looking at AOL's nomination, the focus was on the technology involved in Live8's streaming, not the content itself. The actual Live8 footage looked like every televised concert ever produced; except it was on THE INTERWEB!
That said, it's good to know where the bar is set 😉
hehe. I agree that there wasn't anything particularly special about the content of AOL's work. However, the importance is the linking worldwide I guess. But the amazement comes from a perspective of those who are unaware of the global nature of the web. As you say "THE INTERWEB". LOL.
I really liked Jerrytime. I was very surprised to see so much quick panning in 24 and I liked the idea of Stranger Adventures, though I haven't played it yet. I thought the link between the $$ and the woman's journey was a bit lose. I was interested, however in the fact that they did provide a bit of integrity with the characters, she didn't care about the money in the end.
Andrew links to an interesting article on mobile-created content over at Vector TV.


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Home » Gag Reflex » Review: "The 16th Episode"
Review: "The 16th Episode"
Three YouTubers, each with their own inner demons, visit the mythical town of Casablanca. With their viewership down, they get invited to attend a satanic ritual and soon realize that maybe all their audience wants is to see them die.
Written and directed by Jérôme Cohen-Olivar (The Midnight Orchestra, Kandisha), THE 16th EPISODE(previously known as LITTLE HORROR MOVIE) stars Cody Heuer (The Shoe), Rebecca Ramon (The Violet Blaze Chronicles) and Einar Kuusk (Chasing Ponies).
Our YouTube trio checks into an area Airbnb and immediately the creep factor kicks in. The sparse set has a legit feel, as someone who has lived abroad, I can attest to its authenticity. Fifty percent of the film is presented through one handheld camera the team uses as the threesome makes reference to found-footage films over and over. Unsurprising considering the instant viewer gratification that is YouTube and the disappointment they are feeling with their number of viewers falling. That being said, the other seemingly overarching theme is demonic possession. Mashing these two together seems like it would lead to a pretty phenomenal idea, something akin to the urgency and fright felt in Quarantine.
The lead actors, particularly the gentlemen of the film, really shine. Einar Kuusk as Einar is the voice of reason and propels the story forward. Cody Wayne Heuer as Mark is hilarious and entirely a joy to watch. All three actors are wonderful foils for one another. I'm not sure if the constant genre call outs are meant to be funny but they are relentless. There are genuinely surprising moments and a whole lot of convoluted ideas. This script feels splintered into three district ideas and acts. Act One is so strong but somehow gets detailed when during Act 2, a backstory for Helen comes out of left field. This intriguing tidbit fills the audience with many questions but ultimately ends up feeling like superfluous information. This could have been one way for the script to go but it never comes to fruition. That's a movie I would have been completely immersed in. I'm not entirely sure what to take away from The 16th Episode other than a few solid concepts that strayed from their potential.
THE 16TH EPISODE will be in Theaters, on Demand and Digital on June 28, 2019.
explore: found footage | horror | Jérôme Cohen-Olivar | Review | The 16th Episode | trailer


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Without question, the manufacturing cost is the single most critical expense when bringing a new hardware product to market. You will eventually get past the development and scaling stages, but you will never get past manufacturing.
You need to know what your production cost is in order to set your retail price, so know how much inventory will cost you and, most importantly, determine your profit margin.
There are several terms I need to explain first. Production cost and manufacturing cost are synonymous and refer to how much you will pay per unit to have your product manufactured. The landed production cost refers to the production cost plus the cost to transport each unit to your warehouse. It is also known as the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS).
If your startup is successful, then you will have a long, intimate relationship with this number. You will always be working to reduce it so you can maximize profit.
Most entrepreneurs wait until after they have fully developed their product before they try to even estimate the production cost. This is a serious mistake. You should know the production cost for your product as soon as possible. You do not want to spend years of your life developing a product that cannot be sold for a profit.
These are all of the production costs you will need to know if you are making an electronic hardware product.
The electronic components cost will be the most challenging to accurately estimate. Considerable engineering is required to select all of the electronic components (mostly the microchips and other critical parts).
Selection of all the major electronic components is essential to accurately estimate the production cost. You will need a Bill of Materials (BOM) which lists all of the electronic parts required.
Manufacturing the electronics is a two step process. The empty Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are produced first. Then the electronic components are soldered on.
The empty PCB cost is determined primarily by the number of routing layers and the size of the board. Two routing layers are required at a minimum, although most designs will need four to six. Complex designs may need eight or more. The more layers used for routing, the smaller the board size.
The PCB assembly cost (i.e. soldering on the components) is primarily set by the number of components, the pin pitch, whether or not the IC packages used have lead, and whether or not parts will be soldered on both sides of the PCB.
Although the cost of injection molds themselves are quite expensive, the plastic parts produced are fairly low cost. The type, size, weight, and molding time of the plastic used determine the plastic part cost. Your product design determines the mold time, size, and weight for any plastic parts. This leaves only one option to reduce your plastic parts cost without impacting your design: multiple cavity molds.
A multi-cavity injection mold will allow the production of multiple parts with a single shot of plastic. The use of multiple cavity molds allow you to increase production speed and reduce the part cost. The downside is that multiple cavity molds are considerably more expensive than a single cavity mold.
After the individual components (assembled PCB, plastic enclosure parts, etc.) are ready, the next production step is to assemble everything into the final product. Final assembly cost consists almost entirely of labor costs. Eventually you will likely need to have assembly done in Asia where labor costs are much lower.
Once the final product assembly is complete, the product must be tested to confirm proper functionality. Improper testing, and ultimately shipping bad products to customers, is a deadly mistake that can kill your startup. A high level of testing is essential to shipping quality products.
You are guaranteed to have some faulty units since no production process is perfect. Initially, this scrap rate may be 10% or more. However, as the manufacturing process is improved, this should eventually drop between 1-3%.
Will your product be sold online or in brick-and-mortar retail stores? Retail packaging is not as critical for products sold online, since the packaging mainly just needs to protect the product from damage during shipping. On the other hand, packaging is just as important as the product when sold in retail stores since the package itself must sell the product.
Fancy retail packaging can be quite pricey, so it is best to usually start off with something simple to minimize your costs. This is one reason why it may be best to initially focus on online sales. Selling online will also give you more flexibility since tweaking your sales message on your website is much easier than tweaking a physical package.
As with scrap rate, you are also guaranteed to have some percentage of units returned by customers. You need to include this in your COGS estimate. Also just like the scrap rate, the return rate should drop significantly as you improve your product, packaging, and customer service.
Most consumer hardware products will eventually be manufactured in Asia. This means the finished product must be trucked from the factory to the local sea port where it will be loaded on a cargo shipping vessel. You will then have to transport the products by truck from your local sea port to a warehouse or the customer.
Do not forget the taxes! Both the country of import and the country where the product was manufactured will charge you duties. Fortunately, some product categories are exempt from import/export duties.
In this three part series, we have covered all of the costs to develop, scale, and manufacture your product. Just remember, although you will advance beyond development and scaling costs, you will be dealing with production cost indefinitely.
Do not wait until your product is fully developed to estimate its production cost. Any big tech company developing a new product will have a good estimate on the production cost before they begin development, and so should you.


Simple! We charge $3.00 per clothing garment.
This excludes leathers and formals.
To keep our prices low, we do ask for pre-payment when you drop off your order. Thank you!
Comforters, pillows, and drapery prices coming soon! Please call the store for inquiries!
We also have fluff & fold service for $1.50 per pound (minimum of 10 pounds).
We accept credit card, debit card, checks, and cash. For credit card payment, there is a $10 minimum or $.50 transaction fee.


From the moment we started working with Vizuarna in 2008, they listened very closely to what we wanted in terms of the design and format, before developing the unique interactive annual report design system – 365i.
Each year our brief was more demanding but Vizuarna and especially its Managing Director, Marko Savić, MA, MBA, responded with new innovative solutions. The design and interactivity of the 2010 Ljubljanske mlekarne annual report meets our needs precisely.


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72. edycja kolarskiego wyścigu Gandawa-Wevelgem odbyła się 28 marca 2010 roku. Trasa tego belgijskiego, jednodniowego wyścigu zaliczanego do ProTour liczyła 219 km ze startem w Gandawie i metą w Wevelgem. Wystartowało 194 zawodników, a wyścig ukończyło 118. Nie startowali Polacy.

Zwyciężył Austriak Bernhard Eisel z grupy Team HTC-Columbia, dla którego był to największy sukces w karierze.

Wyniki

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 Lista startowa
 Mapa trasy i wyniki

2010
2010 w kolarstwie
2010 w Belgii


Server virtualisation is the best solution to consider when you have ageing server hardware. Server virtualisation will eliminate server sprawl, improve server availability, assist in disaster recovery and reduce the cost of server administration through a centralised system.
If you are looking for more than just server consolidation and would like to begin your journey to the cloud, server virtualisation is your starting point. Once deployed you can evolve your solution into a fully virtualised software-defined data centre architecture at your own pace.
Datapac can help you decide on what is the best solution for you. As a VMware Enterprise Partner, Microsoft Gold Partner and Citrix Silver Partner, we can select the best of breed technology to help you to meet your business objectives. Our rich pool of expertise will help you transform your server room or datacentre into a reliable and flexible Private Cloud to enable you to deliver IT as a service to your business.
If you would like to discuss your options please call us on 1850 328 272 or alternatively please complete the form below and we will be in touch with you shortly.