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Odd Aquaticum- Just Published
If you're looking for a perilous adventure, with underwater monsters and an evil Prince with a magical twist, then look no further than Alistair Grim's Odd Aquaticum. The book, set to be released later this month, is by Gregory Funaro, illustrated by Adam Stower, and published by Alma Books.
Grubb is a orphan and a chimney sweep, who runs away and becomes the apprentice of Alistair Grim, and his amazing machine, the Odditorium. "Grubb finds himself on the run, as all of London is convinced that Alistair Grim is a villain. Grim, however, has come up with a plan to defeat the real villain: the evil Prince Nightshade, who wants the Odditorium's power source for himself. Desperate to clear their master's name and save the world, Grubb and the rest of the Odditorium's crew set off on a perilous underwater adventure to the mythical realm of Avalon.
The object of their quest? The legendary sword Excalibur, the only blade powerful enough to pierce Prince Nightshade's suit of magical armour. Along the way, Grubb and his friends must confront a murderous banshee, sea monsters, and a witch with a grudge against Alistair Grim. But that's not all, and Grubb soon learns that their fate was written long ago in an Avalonian prophecy that not even Alistair Grim could have predicted."
Look out for it on shelves soon!
Tags: Adam Stower, adventure, alistair, alistair grim, alma, alma books, apprentice, aqua, aquaticum, avalon, banshee, children's illustration, childrens books, excalibur, fantasy, flying, ghouls, gregory funaro, grim, house, illustration, Illustrator, just publsihed, mechanical, monsters, mythical, odd, odd aquaticum, oddities, odditorium, prince, prince nightshade, prophecy, sea, sea monster, steampunk, sword, underwater, witch, young readers


Legal observers say Santa Clara County's district attorney crossed an ethical line.
Last year, Dolores Carr got involved in a criminal case where the defendant was represented by a big campaign contributor.
Dean Johnson is a former prosecutor and ABC'S 7 legal analyst.
"There's a clear policy in the Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office as to how this particular type of case should be handled. It wasn't handled that way and it just smacks of political favoritism," he said.
The campaign contributor is defense attorney James McManis. He represented Stanford student Ali Yahya Valdovinos charged with felony grand theft and McManis called DA Carr who called the deputy district attorney handling the case.
In the end, Valdovinos plead no contest to misdemeanor petty theft. The district attorney says there was no special deal.
In a statement released on Thursday, Carr said in part: "I respond to each inquiry, balancing the source and content of the information with my ethical duty to do justice in all cases."
Regardless of whether the outcome in the case was just, the district attorney's involvement gives 15 year prosecutor Jeff Rosen ammunition in his bid to unseat Carr in the June election.
"The issue that this raises is does the kid from a poor family represented by a public defender get the same deal that this kid got because he was represented by a political contributor," said Rosen.
District Attorney Carr can expect her own actions to be part of a long campaign.


In recent years, Carmelita Hillsman spent more than three hours a day getting to and from her government job in downtown Nashville.
Now, she starts working each day for the Tennessee Department of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities at 6:30 a.m. from her home office, using a state-purchased computer. She doesn't even have an office in the department's headquarters.
Bridging the 2 Worlds of Performance Improvement More Americans Now Telecommute Than Take Public Transportation to Work How Public Employee Benefits (Beyond Pensions and Health Care) Compare to the Private Sector's The Pros and Cons of Telecommuting to a Government Gig What Does Telecommuting's Rise Mean for Traffic and Transit?
Among Tennessee state workers, Hillsman's not that special. In her department alone, 72 percent of employees telework most of the time. They're all participating in the state's ambitious initiative, called Alternative Workplace Solutions (AWS), to transform its workplace. It goes far beyond traditional approaches to telecommuting, in which employees occasionally work from home but still spend most of the time in a central location.
In exchange for giving up their desk or office, participating employees can work remotely (either at home or in the field) full- or part-time. When they do come into the office, they can select from a variety of seating options -- standing desks, lounge areas, conference rooms. They have lockers for personal possessions. The best schedule for each person is evaluated individually. Some employees come into the central office twice a week. Hillsman generally comes once a month, or more, if there are meetings she needs to be in.
The concept of individual offices, cubicles and desks, arranged with family photos and bobbleheads, is becoming a thing of the past.
The idea came about when Reen Baskin, then the deputy commissioner of the Department of General Services, was asked to reduce the state's office space. She soon realized that consolidating it had numerous other advantages.
The results have other states, including North Carolina and Utah, intrigued, according to Smith.
While the program is wildly popular, setting it up hasn't been easy.
David Purkey, commissioner of the Department of Safety and Homeland Security, was a skeptic at first. "I was of the opinion that everyone needed an office or a cubicle to have their stuff and be accountable to their colleagues, their supervisors and the public," he says. He also worried about how having so many employees working remotely would affect his management style, which involved walking around the office, talking with people in hallways and visiting employee offices.
But once the program started, he realized the work wasn't suffering and that employees were happy and more likely to stay on the job.
Other managers who have been through the transition say that constant communication and state support were critical to their success.
The legislature has provided $18.5 million for the rollout of AWS. With the help of that funding, the state has been dramatically remodelling offices and upgrading their IT infrastructure. Departments have also accelerated efforts to digitize paper files and are focused on improving communications technology so that team members can easily stay in touch with each other and share information online safely and seamlessly.


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Home › Dante Alighieri
Title: Dante Alighieri. Year: 2014
Description: Durante degli Alighieri, simply called Dante; (c. 1265–1321), was a major Italian poet of the late Middle Ages. His Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa and later called Divina by Boccaccio, is widely considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature. In Italy he is called il Sommo Poeta and il Poeta. He, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are also called "the three fountains" and "the three crowns". Dante is also called "the Father of the Italian language".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


China recently demonstrated its second fifth-generation stealth fighter, the J-31, for the 10th Zhuhai Airshow held in Guangdong from Nov. 11-16. Dave Majumdar, an American defense expert, thus suggests in Washington's National Interest that the US must put the F-35 into service or develop new fighters to face this challenge.
China has come to realize that fourth-generation fighters such as the J-10, J-11, Su-27 and Su-30 will be obsolete when facing American fifth-generation stealth fighters like the F-22 and F-35, an official from the Pentagon told Majumdar. "The price of admission for a fifth-gen war is a fifth-gen airplane and they get that," the official was quoted as saying. Many US aviators believe that the J-31 was built based on stolen F-22 and F-35 technologies and will eventually be as powerful as the two American fighters.
The light military rotorcraft market has entered a period that will see annual production generally head downward during the next 15 years, according to a report by Forecast International.
The firm projects that manufacturers will build 165 light military rotorcraft in 2014 and 166 in 2015, with production then climbing to 208 rotorcraft in 2016. However, this production spike is expected to be a temporary, one-year phenomenon, with annual production resuming a downward track in 2017, and declining to only 55 rotorcraft in 2028.


Lots to report in this article... Bios for six new contributors - Trish Buote, Mary Politis, Paul Holland, Blu Mackintosh, Camille Crandall and Robert Neulieb. Parks Canada receives $7.7 Million! and what to do on Saturday's in July!


Huawei, the world's second largest smartphone manufacturer, announced on December 28, 2018 the launch of the Huawei P smart 2019. Featuring an expansive Huawei Dewdrop Display, as well as a new and more powerful octa-core chipset Kirin 710, Huawei P smart 2019 delivers the quality user experience that the Huawei P smart Series is known for, together with high performance AI cameras both in the front and rear of the all-round smartphone.
Comparing the Huawei P smart 2019 with its predecessors, consumers will immediately recognise the more expansive viewing area made possible by the 6.21-inch 19.5:9 Huawei Dewdrop Display. Besides a physically larger screen, the new Huawei smartphone replaces the upper bezel with an unobtrusive pearl-shaped notch that houses the front camera, and completely removes the lower bezel. This allows the display to achieve a modern, almost bezel-less face. Furthermore, the 415ppi high pixel density of the panel affords a higher FHD+ (2340×1080) resolution, which combined with the support for 85 percent of the NTSC colour gamut, makes for a truly compelling viewing experience. Given how consumers are spending more and more time with their smartphones, Huawei P smart 2019 includes a new TÜV Rheinland-certified Eye Comfort Mode, which effectively filters high-energy blue lights to alleviate user eye fatigue during extended sessions.


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Searching for Hugo
by Naomi M Rosenthal
One night in the early months of World War I, a Jewish German soldier didn't make it back to the trenches and was assumed to have been captured by the Russians. Hugo's worried family and friends tried in vain to determine his whereabouts. They wrote hundreds of letters attempting to secure his release through a prisoner exchange program, and even sent a Russian acquaintance to buy the POW's freedom. All they got in return were good intentions, misinformation, and frustrating delays. It was ... more
by Christopher Madsen
A newly unearthed gem in American history, Rowdy by Christopher Madsen is, perhaps, one of the most highly awarded books of 2015. Rowdy is a 1920s adventure and love story that follows the colorful history of the famous 1916 racing yacht for which the book is titled. The tale, rediscovered and pieced back together by Madsen during his six year renovation of the yacht, centers on the life of the original owner, New York senator Holland Sackett Duell as he is immersed... more
Politics, Personalities & the Battle for Leyte Gulf
by arthur massi
Finally, the true story or facts that lay behind Bill Halsey's incredible behavior during and. after the Battle for Leyte Gulf. The answer lies within the politics of the Navy, the FDR administration, and the management styles of several of our leaders in the Pacific War. Also explained is the Navy's strange reluctance to punish Halsey for his serious breaches of Naval discipline at the time he committed his disgraceful acts, but also why they never, ever offered criticism of his outlandish beha... more
Out of many, One a family's story
by Ron Minor
The story of Daniel Miner and his family begins at the outbreak of the Civil War. After his brother In-law, Eli Landers joins the confederacy, 1 year later the 36th Georgia Infantry Regiment is formed. Daniel's family members and friends become a part of this Regiment and we follow their experiences through company reports and personal letters. After the Battle of Baker's Creek (Champion Hill) and the siege of Vicksburg, Daniel becomes a part of the 36th at the age of 40. We follow Daniel... more
The Sun Palace
by Brighid O'Sullivan
Set in 6th Century Ireland with early Christian monks, mystical druids, and warring tribal clans, The Sun Palace is a novel of magic and love. It is about two foster sisters, each yearning for acceptance and understanding in a world where secrets of the past are sometimes better left buried.
America Invades
by Christopher Kelly
Americans have invaded eighty-five out of 194 countries (countries recognized by the United Nations and excluding the United States) in the world. That's 44 percent of the total. And it hasn't been militarily involved with just ninety or a hundred countries. It has had some form of military involvement with a spectacular 191 out of 194. That's more than 98 percent. Yep, we haven't really been militarily involved with Andorra, Bhutan, or Liechtenstein. Sometimes for better, sometimes for worse, A... more
The Long Way Home: One Mom's Journey Home from War
My name is Jessica Scott. I am a soldier. I am a mother. I am a wife. In 2009, Army second lieutenant Jessica Scott deployed to Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn. She thought deploying was the hardest thing she'd ever do. She was wrong. This is the story of a mother coming home from war and learning to be a mom again. This is the story of a lieutenant making the grade and becoming a company commander. This is the journey of a writer persevering through a hundred re... more
To Iraq & Back: On War and Writing
My name is Jessica Scott. I am a soldier. I am a wife. I am a mother. There are many stories from the Iraq war. This one is mine. In 2009, Army second lieutenant Jessica Scott deployed to Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn. It was a year of many firsts. This is the first person journey through a combat tour in Iraq, through being a woman in the army and learning to be an officer in the unforgiving environment of a brigade combat team. This is the journey of a ... more
Two Gun Hart: Lawman, Cowboy, and Long-Lost Brother of Al Capone
by Jeff McArthur
Vincenzo Capone ran away from home when he was a teenager to join the circus. He went to war in WWI and was decorated for his sharp shooting skills. Afterward, he settled in the small town of Homer, Nebraska, where he worked as a Prohibition officer. He wore a cowboy outfit, rode a horse, and carried two six-shooters at his side, thus gaining him the nickanme "Two Gun". He had changed his name to avoid racism against Italian-Americans, but soon had another reason to remain hidden. His young... more
Roanoke County Fire and Rescue: Reflections of 150 Year History
by Christina Motley
This limited edition, coffee-table book promises to be a rare, collectible treasure for anyone involved with or knows someone who serves in fire and rescue. It is chock full of true stories of heroic rescues, heartwarming profiles of fearless men and women and volunteers who make a difference and have dedicated their lives to protecting others. The book, published by Warwick House Publishing, is full color, 200 pages and hardbound.
The Glow of Paris: The Bridges of Paris at Night
by Gary Zuercher
The Glow of Paris is an eclectic collection of extraordinary gelatin-silver photographic prints of the bridges of Paris – nighttime images that are breathtaking. Accompanied by a fascinating historical portrayal, the book presents a unique and aesthetic vision of Paris because no one else has ever photographed and written about the bridges that cross the Seine in this way. "For the most part Parisians take these architectural wonders for granted, relying on their functionality to get them whe... more
ICEBOUND EMPIRE: Industry and Politics on the Last Frontier 1898 - 1938
Award winning Alaska historian, Elizabeth A. Tower's book is being relaunched in third edition with significantly more content, photographs, map illustrations, chronology and a first hand account of early Alaska Railroad development in the early 20th century that is significant and never before been published beyond the Alaska Historical Society Journals. It is the story of three men who were prime movers and shakers in the most ambitious of the early 20th century Alaska development - the J.P. ... more
Baltimore's Deaf Heritage
by kathleen brockway
The booming job market and beautifully designed city of Baltimore attracted many families and individuals to the area in the 19th century. Several of these transplants would become prominent figures in the Deaf community. George W. Veditz, an early American Sign Language filmmaker and former president of the National Association of the Deaf; Rev. Daniel E. Moylan, founder of the oldest operational Methodist church for the deaf; and George Michael "Dummy" Leitner, a professional baseball player, ... more
Searching for Your Ancestors in Historic Newspapers
by Claudia C. Breland
Every genealogist needs this book, if they're serious about researching their family history. Family stories of all kinds, not just obituaries, can be found in newspapers. While major metropolitan newspapers are being digitized and placed online, many more are available for viewing on microfilm. Learn about the free newspaper databases, and discover which newspapers are covered in subscription databases. Also included is the first-ever state-by-state listing of libraries and genealogical societi... more
Critical Focus: The Black and White Photographs of Harvey Wilson Richards
by Paul Richards
Critical Focus presents Harvey Richards' 1960s black and white photographs of California farm workers, the peace and civil rights movements, the environmental movements on the west coast. It also includes photos from his trip the the Soviet Union in 1961 with his wife Alice Richards and his son, Paul.
The Recent History of Terrorism in Canada
by Mark C. Eddy
Over the last half-century, numerous acts of terrorism have been committed on Canadian soil. Assassinations, kidnappings, sabotage, and other deeds have taken place in the name of one cause or another. They have spanned from one end of the country to the other, whether they were bombings in the big cities or terrorist training camps in the countryside. Many of them have been overlooked or forgotten, though they changed countless lives. From nationalism to eco-terrorism to anarchism, this boo... more


COPENHAGEN.- The Chinese artist Yang Shaobin has created a series of distinctive, blue portrait paintings taking off from the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, 2009. The work can be experienced at ARKEN until 22 September, when Yang Shaobin closes the doors to his first solo exhibition in Denmark.
We enter a room of large, blue paintings, half-dissolved figures staring back at us from the canvases. Faces of well-known world leaders emerge, including US President Barack Obama, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian President Vladimir Putin. These well-known faces hang side by side with portraits of completely unknown adults and children, all victims of pollution and natural disasters.
Yang Shaobin got the idea for BLUE ROOM during a trip from Australia to China, just as the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference was kicking off in Copenhagen. Based on the conference, he started collecting material on pollution and natural disasters along with stories and photographs of some of the ordinary people impacted by the global climate changes.
A self-taught artist, Yang Shaobin grew up during China's Cultural Revolution and became part of the emerging Chinese art scene in the 1990s. His sociocritical paintings deal with subjects like violence, oppression and poverty, as seen in his depictions of the working conditions of Chinese coalminers.
In BLUE ROOM, anonymous victims of climate change are posed alongside top world leaders. It's a meeting of the powerless, the powerful and us, the onlookers, in an exchange of gazes that's both dramatic and alluring.
Yang Shaobin previously showed at ARKEN in the 2009 group exhibition CHINAMANIA.


Do you realize [judul] is among the most hottest subject areas on wedding style ? Thats why we have been showing this subject matter at the moment. [judul] images and pictures selection that released here was carefully chosen and submitted by we after selecting the people that happen to be best among others.
Long gone will be the times when wedding design was standard, when you topped white tablecloths with tender red centerpieces and called it each day. With an enormous range of locations, almost endless rentals options, and enthusiasm working the gamut from smooth and amazing to eclectic and edgy, deciding which style works for you may appear just like a huge obstacle. But don't allow having way too many ideas get you down!
A vintage or traditional wedding is, often, a significant formal occasion with a sit-down three-course evening meal at a reception. Markers of such a marriage, typically, are the few marrying in a chapel; the bride putting on a classically designed, usually princess ballgown-style bridal dress, in white, of course, as well as formal activities following the service. The bridegroom will wear a vintage dark-colored tuxedo, and the groomsmen will generally wear a tuxedo also or a formal suit. The marriage ceremony will usually contain many people including flower young ladies, page young boys, junior bridesmaids/groomsmen, ushers and diamond ring bearers.
Formal activities that are common in a vintage or traditional wedding include professional wedding photographs, the slicing of the wedding cake, speeches, first party, father-daughter and mother-son dances, and the garter and bouquet toss. When the couple are wedded in a cathedral there could be further spiritual or cultural customs that are included into the wedding ceremony also. For instance, in some ethnicities, once the wedding ceremony has commenced the marriage ceremony will wait around in a obtaining brand at the alter so that every guest present will come past one at a time and congratulate the marriage ceremony.
A modern and beautiful wedding is another formal occasion, even though it gets the foundations of an common and traditional wedding, it has a modern day twist. The modern day twist can be modern design alternatives like a non-traditional bridal dress or non-traditional wedding place, and a modern undertake invitations, styling, plants and decorations.
An antique theme means that the styling for the marriage will be similar to a bygone time. For instance, most vintage style wedding ceremonies reference the Victoria time, as well as the '20s or '40s. This theme is very portrayed through the apparel, hair and cosmetic worn by the marriage ceremony, as well the place styling, floral and adornment choices.
An antique wedding may or may well not add a sit-down evening meal, however, a cocktail wedding is usually more appropriate to an antique theme as cocktail get-togethers were extremely popular in the roaring '20s. Jazz music, vintage image booths, vintage wedding autos and a good vintage style place are popular ways to improve the vintage theme.
A vineyard wedding is generally a visual special event of the stunning, natural surroundings. The marriage service might be kept outside the house or indoors, and frequently the styling elements will indicate the surrounding panorama. A vineyard wedding usually mixes well with rustic elements and style choices.
A rustic wedding theme or style is a styling theme which is encouraged by the ease of country life and referrals the outside. A rustic wedding usually comes with rustic elements such as timber, steel and natural unstructured bouquets and plants.
Rustic wedding ceremonies are usually presented, and have a tendency to work best, in locations such as barns, sheds, vineyards and outside under a marquee or tree, and the reception will most likely contain a sit-down evening meal. Some rustic marriages may have service and reception at the same location, or on a single property.
The few may choose to take a peaceful method of their wedding clothing, and some wedding brides will wear shoes or no shoes whatsoever. A beach wedding may contain a tiny or large marriage ceremony, and some lovers even choose with an intimate beach service with simply a handful of good friends and family.


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Category Archives: Crime and punishment
moral economy
Posted on August 10, 2011 by Dave Mazella | 1 comment
"Riot was a calamity. The 'order' which might follow a riot could be an even greater calamity."–E.P. Thompson, "The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century," 50.
Rereading Thompson in the wake of this week's riots, I was interested to see him distancing the behavior of rioters from a too narrowly reductive and rationalist language of deliberate political gestures. Instead of assuming that plebeian riots are a form of disruption of "the way things work," he neatly reverses the analysis by showing rioters as trying to restore traditional understandings of collective rights and reciprocities, traditions that elites disrupted or ignored at their peril.
In other words, eighteenth-century riots occurred at moments when political and economic institutions were felt (for whatever reason) to be losing legitimacy, and when the men and women populating those crowds felt that they needed to defend "traditional rights or customs" in particular ways.
As such, Thompson concedes,
"while this moral economy cannot be described as 'political' in any advanced sense, nevertheless it cannot be described as unpolitical either, since it supposed definite, and passionately held, notions of the common weal–notions which, indeed, found some some support in the paternalist tradition of the authorities; notions which the people re-echoed so loudly in their turn that the authorities were, in some measure, the prisoners of the people." (78-9)
For those who would try to understand such moments of collective behavior in the present, Thompson's equivocal description of the riot as not-quite-political/not-quite-unpolitical seems more persuasive than what I'm currently seeing and hearing from pundits like Zygmunt Bauman, who seem to be finding it hard to analyze what happened. But what notions of the "common weal" might have been held by this week's rioters?
Posted in cities, Crime and punishment, crowds, David Mazella
Tagged london riots
Old Bailey Online: now from 1674 to 1913
Posted on April 27, 2008 by Sharon Howard | 3 comments
Tomorrow it all goes public (and we kind of expect it to crash at some point), and today there is a pretty nice feature in the Observer:
The Proceedings of the Old Bailey Online 1674-1834 is now the Proceedings of the Old Bailey and Central Criminal Court 1674-1913.
This doesn't only mean that you can now search for 200,000 trials held at the Old Bailey over a period of 2 and a half centuries. The other new set of goodies of special interest to 18th-century scholars is the full text of (almost) every Ordinary of Newgate's Account between 1690 and 1772 (in the next few months this should expand to a full archive of every known surviving Account from c.1674 onwards).
I've posted before about these grimly fascinating pamphlets. They've been used by a number of historians, including Andrea Mackenzie and Peter Linebaugh, but the surviving pamphlets have been scattered across a number of different libraries and archives. From now on they'll be together in one fully searchable digital archive. Plus, I'm in the process of completing a database that links every convict mentioned in the Accounts to their trial, providing it has a surviving report (perhaps 3/4 of the links have already been made).
This should make for some interesting research possibilities. For example, historians often argue that women who successfully 'pleaded their bellies', ie had their death sentence postponed on grounds of being pregnant, usually escaped hanging. In fact, we say that in our own background section. But I'm not so sure. Through the process of cross-referencing trials and Ordinary's Accounts, I've already discovered several women whose sentences were respited for pregnancy but subsequently carried out (eg in September 1695. So what I'll be asking (once I've finished making the damned links) is: how many were executed and how many were permanently reprieved? Have we historians been getting it wrong? Answering those questions wasn't impossible before now, but it would have been extremely difficult. And there will, no doubt, be many more possibilities like this.
The other news, because I haven't been plugging it enough and you've probably all forgotten, is that we're holding a conference in July to celebrate the relaunch: The Metropolis on Trial, in the throbbing metropolis of… Milton Keynes. If you'd like to attend, registration is open and you can download a booking form at the website.
X-posted at EMN.
Posted in Announcements, Crime and punishment, History, News, Sharon Howard, web resources
Tyburn's Martyrs
Posted on November 11, 2007 by Sharon Howard | 2 comments
The criminals went to the place of execution in the following order, Morgan, Webb, and Wolf, in the first cart; Moore in a mourning coach; Wareham and Burk in the second cart; Tilley, Green, and Howell in the third; Lloyd on a sledge; on their arrival at Tyburn they were all put into one cart. They all behaved with seriousness and decency. Mary Green professed her innocence to the last moment of the fact for which she died, cleared Ann Basket, and accused the woman who lodged in the room where the fact was committed. As Judith Tilley appeared under terrible agonies, Mary Green applied herself to her, and said, do not be concerned at this death because it is shameful, for I hope God will have mercy upon our souls; Catharine Howell likewise appeared much dejected, trembled and was under very fearful apprehensions; all the rest seemed to observe an equal conduct, except Moore, who, when near dying, shed a flood of tears. In this manner they took their leave of this transitory life, and are gone to be disposed of as shall seem best pleasing to that all-wise Being who first gave them existence.
In the course of my research over the years, I've read the records of coroners' inquests – murders, gruesome accidents, negligence and cruelty – and they are distressing and disturbing, yet they don't evoke quite the same sense of culture shock as do the pamphlets containing accounts of executions like the one above.
We aren't simply talking about the execution of murderers here: in the 18th century burglars, robbers, pickpockets, horse thieves, sheep- and cattle-rustlers, forgers and counterfeiters could all face slow, horrible deaths, in most cases public strangulation, and this was regarded by most people as perfectly normal and civilised. (Indeed, there were those who thought that hanging was not punishment enough.)
Ordinary's Accounts are one of the many sources we're digitising in the Plebeian Lives project. These are rich and fascinating sources, full of stories of the lives of common people. But they are also stories of death, and they give me the willies.
So, I wasn't quite sure what to make of Andrea McKenzie, since she has written an entire, densely detailed book about the subject and the source: Tyburn's Martyrs: Execution in England 1675-1775. She must be a tougher soul than me.
In fact, at the very beginning of the book she mentions some of the bemused reactions she received from people learning what her research topic was, including the gentleman who suggested that she should study "something pleasant, like great battles".
McKenzie suggests that "the gallows were… a stage on which the condemned fought what contemporaries would have viewed as the greatest battle of all, publicly confronting the so-called 'King of Terrors': death". Moreover, "the language of martyrology, legitimation and resistance were intertwined… traitors, martyrs, murderers and robbers alike drew from a common eschatology in which the 'good death' was not only an ultimate goal, but a powerful political and metaphysical statement'.
As she acknowledges, "there is much about early modern English sensibilities – or what we would see as the lack thereof – to horrify the modern reader". But this is not a good reason to shy away from the topic: early modern attitudes towards execution are revealing of wider belief systems, which saw life as "not sacred, but forfeit… as a result of original sin". Execution "was at the very heart of everyday contemporary eschatological discourse".
McKenzie documents the journeys made by the condemned from Newgate to Tyburn, the reactions of observers to the behaviour of those on the gallows, depending on whether they were perceived to have made a 'good' death. The actions of the watching crowd often depended on their attitude towards individual convicts: the notorious and despised Jonathan Wild, for example, was pelted with stones.
She also traces the history of the publications that constitute her main sources, the 'last dying speeches' and Ordinary's Accounts, and their decline in the later 18th century with the cultural rejection of the spectacle of the scaffold and its printed artefacts as vulgar and barbaric. McKenzie makes it clear that the Ordinary's Account – and often its author – was frequently considered vulgar well before its decline.
The complex balancing act of 'dying well' on the gallows – striving for a "happy mean between presumption and despair" – is chronicled in detail. While the condemned were exhorted to think of Jesus as an exemplar, they were not supposed to go so far as to suggest that his innocence also mirrored theirs.
The 'game criminal' was the target of much criticism by the Ordinary – the real-life likes of Swift's Clever Tom Clinch:
He stopt at the George for a Bottle of Sack,
And promis'd to pay for it when he'd come back.
Like a Beau in the Box, he bow'd low on each Side;
And when his last Speech the loud Hawkers did cry,
He swore from his Cart, it was all a damn'd Lye.
Still, the obstinate 'game' criminals served as useful counterpoints to the properly and tearfully (but not too tearful, especially the men) penitents, for the Ordinary's moralising purposes. Their 'false courage' (mainly due to alcohol, according to the Ordinary) could be contrasted to genuine 'Christian courage', their pride made their fall inevitable and all the more instructive.
But it was difficult to doubt the courage of one group killed by the early modern English state: those who underwent peine forte et dure – pressing to death – for their obdurate refusal to plead to charges against them. Some may have done this to prevent the seizure of their estates following a trial; but by the 18th century that was not very likely to happen in any case. McKenzie suggests that the decision to endure this torture represented a challenge to, a rejection of, the authority of the courts, allowing them to 'seize the initiative' and 'demonstrate their resolution and courage' to the world.
Peine forte et dure was abolished in 1770, by which time it was seen by educated elites as 'irrational and benighted' as well as barbaric and cruel. Similarly, by then, the public theatre of Tyburn no longer had the cultural and moral resonance that it had had in the early 18th century; the Ordinary's Account ceased publication in the 1770s. The Tyburn procession was abolished in 1783 – though not because it was unpopular, but because it was too rowdy and undisciplined.
There is, McKenzie concludes, a cultural gulf between 1675 and 1775 "so wide that, from the vantage point of the twenty-first century, we can barely see our way across it". She views the change in terms of not a 'decline' in religiosity but its 'redefinition': the rejection of 'enthusiasm' and providentialism in favour of "a 'rational religion in which rationality was both a human and divine attribute", and which emphasised internalised virtues rather than public displays. McKenzie's study demonstrates the benefits of overcoming our horror and at least attempting to understand what made the people of the early 18th century tick.
Further reading, for the stout-hearted
Tyburn Tree: Execution in Early Modern England
Old Bailey Proceedings (server is down again at the moment, so I can't track down the punishment pages)
Last Mile Tours: hanging in 18th-century England
Early Eighteenth-century Newspaper Reports
EMR Bibliography
Simon Devereaux, Imposing the Royal Pardon: Execution, Transportation, and Convict Resistance in London, 1789
(X-posted (and shortened somewhat) from EMN.)
Posted in Crime and punishment, Print culture, Religion, Sharon Howard


text:
You are currently searching within the Senators Secure Emergency Funds For Children's Health in Supplemental Spending Legislation section.
Senators Secure Emergency Funds For Children's Health in Supplemental Spending Legislation
Appropriations Committee authorizes funds necessary to cover CHIP shortfalls and ensure that states will not cut children from health coverage this year
Washington, DC – Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus (D-Mont.) and
Health Subcommittee Chairman John D. Rockefeller (D-W.Va.) have secured authorization for emergency funding for the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) in a pending supplemental spending bill. Currently, as many as 14 states expect to run out of the Federal money they need to provide CHIP coverage and health care to kids in the coming months. At the Senators' urging, the Senate Appropriations Committee today approved funding to ensure that states will not be forced to cut children from CHIP this year due to Federal funding shortfalls.
"Financial shortfalls for the Children's Health Insurance Program meet the textbook definition of an emergency. It would be a dire emergency for families all across this country if a lack of Federal funds kicked their kids out of health coverage and into medical danger," Baucus said. "Congress must provide the funds to fill in the holes this year, and then renew CHIP in a way that strengthens states' ability to keep kids covered."
"CHIP is not a Democratic program or a Republican program. It is an American program that has enjoyed broad bipartisan support among Senators and Governors alike,"Rockefeller said. "As we turn our attention to CHIP reauthorization, we must commit ourselves to reaching all eligible uninsured children, retaining state flexibility, and providing funding stability from year-to-year."
The Congressional Research Service estimates that Federal shortfalls in CHIP funding
may total nearly $750 million this year. However, the Congressional Budget Office says that by the time Medicaid picks up coverage for a number of children, the cost of emergency CHIP funding could be reduced to $450 million. Baucus said today that as the emergency supplemental bill must still move to the full Senate and then be negotiated with the House, there may be a need to move stand-alone legislation to cover CHIP shortfalls before states are forced to cut coverage.
The Children's Health Insurance Program currently provides health coverage to 6.6 million American children. About six million more children are eligible for health coverage through public health programs such as CHIP, but are not enrolled. The program expires on September 30, 2007, and must be renewed by that time. The Finance Committee has jurisdiction over the CHIP program, and he has made its renewal and expansion the Committee's number-one health priority this year.
"I want to thank Senator Byrd and the Appropriations Committee for incorporating language from the Keep Children Covered Act (S. 401) in the emergency supplemental," Rockefeller said. "This legislation will provide peace of mind for families in 14 states who currently face the possibility of losing vital health insurance coverage for their children."
"Kids should be at the top of the list when it comes to expanding health coverage,"Baucus said. "Senator Byrd and the Appropriations Committee have done a good thing for children by approving this funding. The Finance Committee has a responsibility and an opportunity to reach millions more kids this year through the Children's Health Insurance Program, and we will work together in a bipartisan way to get it done."


text:
#ifndef AGENT_OPER_INSTANCE_TASK_H__
#define AGENT_OPER_INSTANCE_TASK_H__

#include <queue>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/function.hpp>
#include "base/timer.h"
#include "base/queue_task.h"
#include "cmn/agent_signal.h"
#include "cmn/agent_cmn.h"
#include "db/db_entry.h"

class EventManager;

class InstanceTask {
 public:
    typedef boost::function<void(InstanceTask *task, const std::string &msg)>
        OnDataCallback;
    typedef boost::function<void(InstanceTask *task,
            const boost::system::error_code &ec)>OnExitCallback;

    InstanceTask();
    virtual ~InstanceTask() {}

    virtual bool Run() = 0;
    virtual void Stop() = 0;
    virtual void Terminate() = 0;
    virtual bool IsSetup() = 0;

    // TODO reimplement instance_manager.cc to remove these two?
    virtual pid_t pid() const = 0;
    virtual const std::string &cmd() const = 0;

    virtual int cmd_type() const = 0;

    bool is_running() const {
        return is_running_;
    }

    time_t start_time() const {
        return start_time_;
    }

    void set_on_data_cb(OnDataCallback cb) {
        on_data_cb_ = cb;
    }

    void set_on_exit_cb(OnExitCallback cb) {
        on_exit_cb_ = cb;
    }

    int incr_reattempts() {
        return ++reattempts_;
    }

    int reattempts() {
        return reattempts_;
    }

 protected:
    bool is_running_;
    time_t start_time_;
    int reattempts_;
    OnDataCallback on_data_cb_;
    OnExitCallback on_exit_cb_;
};

class InstanceTaskExecvp : public InstanceTask {
 public:
    static const size_t kBufLen = 4096;

    InstanceTaskExecvp(const std::string &name, const std::string &cmd,
                       int cmd_type, EventManager *evm);

    bool Run();
    void Stop();
    void Terminate();
    bool IsSetup();

    pid_t pid() const {
        return pid_;
    }

    void set_cmd(std::string cmd) {
        cmd_ = cmd;
    }

    const std::string &cmd() const {
        return cmd_;
    }

    int cmd_type() const {
        return cmd_type_;
    }

    void set_pipe_stdout(bool pipe) {
        pipe_stdout_ = pipe;
    }

 private:
    void ReadData(const boost::system::error_code &ec, size_t read_bytes);

    const std::string name_;
    std::string cmd_;
#ifndef _WIN32
    boost::asio::posix::stream_descriptor input_;
#endif
    bool setup_done_; // indicates whether errors_ has a valid descriptor or not
    char rx_buff_[kBufLen];

    pid_t pid_;
    int cmd_type_;
    bool pipe_stdout_;
};

class InstanceTaskMethod : public InstanceTask {
 public:
    pid_t pid() const {
        return 0;
    }
};

class InstanceTaskQueue {
public:
    typedef boost::function<void(InstanceTaskQueue *task_queue)> OnTimeoutCallback;
    InstanceTaskQueue(EventManager *evm);
    ~InstanceTaskQueue();

    bool OnTimerTimeout();
    void TimerErrorHandler(const std::string &name, std::string error);

    InstanceTask *Front() { return task_queue_.front(); }
    void Pop() { task_queue_.pop(); }
    bool Empty() { return task_queue_.empty(); }
    void Push(InstanceTask *task) { task_queue_.push(task); }
    int Size() { return task_queue_.size(); }
    void StartTimer(int time);
    void StopTimer();
    void Clear();

    void set_on_timeout_cb(OnTimeoutCallback cb) {
        on_timeout_cb_ = cb;
    }

private:
    EventManager *evm_;
    Timer *timeout_timer_;
    std::queue<InstanceTask *> task_queue_;
    OnTimeoutCallback on_timeout_cb_;
};

#endif  // AGENT_OPER_INSTANCE_TASK_H__

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
University of Dayton News
Politics & Elections Experts
Catholic Experts
Filming on UD Campus
Study: Major oil company scenarios for limiting global warming not compatible with Paris Agreement
Tuesday August 16, 2022
A University of Dayton researcher helped lead a study published in Nature Communications today showing scenarios by some major oil companies for global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions are incompatible with the Paris Agreement's climate objectives.
"Most of the scenarios we evaluated would be classified as inconsistent with the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting average global temperature rise to 1.5 ̊C above pre-industrial levels," said Bob Brecha, the University of Dayton's director of sustainability who also has been a visiting scientist at Berlin-based Climate Analytics, lead institution for the study.
The study analyzed six scenarios from BP, Equinor, Royal Dutch Shell and the International Energy Agency published between 2020 and mid-2021. These scenarios are periodically published by companies and institutions in the energy sector and represent their visions of changes needed in the global energy system to meet Paris Agreement goals. The scenarios are used in the public and private sector and are influential for driving investment. In recent years, scenarios have pivoted to also encompass ambitious pathways to reduce carbon emissions, but have been hard to compare to each other and to similar scenarios devised by the scientific community because of the lack of transparency around their underlying assumptions.
The researchers aimed to provide this transparency by comparing those scenarios to scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to evaluate peak and end-of-century temperatures.
"Energy system transformation is critical to reaching the Paris Agreement's warming limit, and decision makers need sound and transparent scientific assessments," Brecha added.
Equinor's "Rebalance" scenario peaks at a median warming of 1.73°C above pre-industrial levels in 2060, BP's "Rapid" at 1.73°C in 2058, Shell's "Sky" at 1.81°C in 2069, and the International Energy Agency sustainable development scenario at 1.78°C in 2056. BP's Net Zero scenario results in a median peak warming of 1.65°C. Only the IEA Net Zero 2050 scenario aligns with Paris Agreement goals, according to the study.
Every fraction of a degree matters, the researchers wrote.
"Fossil fuel companies claim that we can continue to burn oil and gas while keeping to the 1.5°C warming limit, and they cite their own scenarios as justification," said Bill Hare, CEO and senior scientist at Climate Analytics. "But our research shows that their pathways would bust the Paris Agreement. Even temporarily exceeding the 1.5°C warming would lead to catastrophic impacts and severely weaken our ability to adapt to climate change."
The study also makes available tools for researchers and policy makers to assess on an equal footing the Paris Agreement claims made for scenarios published by public, commercial and academic institutions.
"Institutional assessments have historically been opaque on climate outcomes. Our study provides a direct line of sight from pathways to temperature," said Matthew Gidden, a research scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria, a scientific adviser at Climate Analytics and a lead author with Brecha on the study. "Governments should use these tools to carry out a robust assessment of the energy-system transformation to meet the Paris Agreement goals."
Brecha also works in the University of Dayton's Hanley Sustainability Institute and teaches in the School of Engineering's renewable and clean energy graduate program. From 2006 to 2017 he was a regular visiting scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. Since 2018 he has been affiliated with Climate Analytics, including a two-year European Union Marie Curie Fellowship to research sustainable energy access and system transformation in least-developed countries and small island developing states.
For interviews with Brecha, contact Shawn Robinson, University of Dayton associate director of news and communications, at srobinson1@udayton.edu. For questions regarding Climate Analytics' work, contact Holly Simpkin (based in Berlin, Germany) at press@climateanalytics.org.
Explore Admission
News and Communications Staff


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In May 2017, my client's employee inexplicably and without warning jumped into a trench that was more than five (5) feet deep. The trench immediately began to collapse engulfing the employee up to his waist. Despite being extricated within minutes, the employee died as a result of the immense pressure that the Class C soil had placed on this femoral artery. My client, decimated by the accident and the loss of his friend, assumed that he had violated the OSH Act. Not so fast. The employer lacked "knowledge" that the employee would expose himself to the hazard and, therefore, did not violate the OSH Act.
The Secretary of Labor has the burden to prove that the employer (through management), knew (actual knowledge), or should have known "with the exercise of reasonable diligence" that the hazard at issue would manifest itself (constructive knowledge). Many contested OSHA citations come down to whether the employer had constructive knowledge. This requires an analysis of "reasonable diligence." "Determining whether an employer exercised reasonable diligence requires the Review Commission to consider a number of factors, including: (1) whether Respondent had adequate work rules and training programs; (2) whether management exercised adequate supervision of its employees; (3) whether Respondent performed inspections of the area in question; and (4) whether Respondent took measures to prevent the occurrence of violations." Secretary of Labor v. Latshaw Drilling & Expl., LLC, 2016 WL 6472835, at *6 (Sept. 13, 2016).
Because the employee had been trained not to enter the trench, coupled with the fact that there was no instruction (by management) nor any need to enter the trench, the employer lacked the requisite knowledge. Therefore no violation.
Always be on guard for knowledge-based defenses when evaluating whether to contest OSHA citations. Accepting any citations (including Other-Than-Serious), can have significant downstream liability.


Hey everyone! Just a quick post from me today, I have been swatching all night (around 9 hours) and I really just want to crawl into bed, so basically this is week 2 of the Seven Deadly Sins Challenge, which is Gluttony, I chose the option to 'paint something that makes your stomach growl' which is definitely cake!
For these I used China Glaze - It's a Trapeze (and I was inspired to use it for the frosting by Algae Veronica), Essie - Blanc, Essie Blanc mixed with Barry M - Grey, and Nail Supreme nail art pens for the black outline and cherry.
I also wanted to show you it without the outline because I'm torn over which looks better!
What do you think? Do you prefer them with or without the outline? Let me know in the comments!
I definitely like the version without the outline more! It looks kind of like an abstract, watercolor painting.
I'm torn too! These are awesome though!
I prefer them with outline.
Without the outline!! These look great!!
I too prefer the version with outline.
You have really a genius for nail polish!
Fun use of this polish and the black outline really pulls it together!
Without the outline definitely! That colour was definitely right for the icing, I can't believe you got such a good match!
i like them with the outline because they look cleaner and less blendy. I love that the frosting matches, but without the outline it matches a little too well, in my opinion.


text:
Chesapeake Bay cleanup requires EPA involvement
Rep. Bob Goodlatte, Republican chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, has once again attacked EPA involvement in Chesapeake Bay cleanup (file photo). (AFP/Getty Images)
In a perfect world, the voters of Virginia's 6th district, the mountainous segment of western Virginia that roughly parallels Interstate 81, would be given a tour of the wetlands and waterways, crab pots and work boats of the Eastern Shore for a day so that they might have a better appreciation for the Chesapeake Bay and the interstate battle against water pollution that rages on. Surely, were they so enlightened, they would be no more capable of electing Bob Goodlatte to Congress than Ebeneezer Scrooge could have given Tiny Tim the cold shoulder after his Christmas Eve revelations.
Alas, such justice can only be found in the novels of Charles Dickens. Instead, 6th District Virginians routinely re-elect Rep. Goodlatte, who last week set upon a familiar task of neutering the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and its involvement in the Chesapeake Bay cleanup. Under an amendment offered by Mr. Goodlatte and approved by the House last Thursday on a narrow 214 to 197 vote, the EPA would be prevented from taking any action against a state in the bay watershed that fails to meet the "pollution diet" standards already agreed to by the states. In effect, it would take away accountability from Chesapeake Bay restoration efforts with the obvious effect of returning Maryland, Virginia, D.C., Pennsylvania, New York, Delaware and West Virginia to the bad old days of ineffective, voluntary cleanup goals.
How awful is the Goodlatte amendment? It was so destructive that even Maryland's own voice against federal regulation, Republican 1st District Rep. Andy Harris, voted against it. How notable is that? Mr. Harris is a member of the hard right Freedom Caucus; Mr. Goodlatte, who serves as chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, is not.
The proposal comes as no surprise, of course. Mr. Goodlatte convinced the House to take similar action in 2016, and it passed by a 34-vote margin at the time. A half-size victory represents progress of a sort. But it also reveals a big difference between the anti-regulatory fervor of conservatives and the reality on the ground (or in the water) for Americans who actually live with pollution. Just take a look at how the 40 House members living in the Chesapeake Bay watershed voted. As reported by the Bay Journal's Tim Wheeler, those living farthest from the water (Pennsylvania, West Virginia and New York) supported the amendment while most representing Maryland, Virginia and Delaware opposed.
One assumes Mr. Goodlatte doesn't hate the Chesapeake Bay; he simply isn't much invested in its welfare. What he does obviously care about is pleasing his supporters, many of whom oppose "EPA power grabs," which is how Mr. Goodlatte has described the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load or TMDL, the blueprint for the bay cleanup. But it's also appealing to Chesapeake Bay polluters and those who face potential enforcement action — a reason why the American Farm Bureau Federation has actively crusaded against the TMDL. Farmers are especially worried that EPA will be involved in similar efforts in the Great Lakes or other parts of the country where agricultural runoff is harming water quality.
The Goodlatte amendment didn't pass the full Congress last year, and it may not this year. But it's still troubling that so many people living in the Chesapeake Bay watershed don't understand the consequences of their reflexive anti-regulatory fervor. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in bay cleanup efforts because of anti-pollution targets the EPA helped set in 2010. If Maryland honors its commitments but other states do not, what is the result? Water quality suffers and Marylanders are harmed twice — by the failure of other states to curb pollution that runs downstream and by making sacrifices that are not required of others.
Even the most ardent capitalist recognizes that the system requires a referee otherwise there's a host of problems from insider trading to unsafe working conditions to polluted waterways and air. The blueprint isn't an EPA power grab, it's the fulfillment of a duty required by the Clean Water Act to ensure human health and safety. Pollution crosses state lines, and no amount of legislation is going to alter that scientific fact. If anything, Mr. Goodlatte's amendment demonstrates why fighting pollution must involve the federal government. Someone has to see the forest for the trees — or perhaps the beneficial wetlands for the potential development tract. Virginia's 6th District representative lacks that vision.
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