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Persecution of Opposition Parties in Bangladesh
Andrew C
Bangladesh is a parliamentary democracy largely influenced by the British parliamentary system. Executive power is in the hands of the prime minister, who is the head of the cabinet, and who must be a member of the 300-seat Jatiya Sangsad (unicameral parliament). She/he recommends the council of ministers to the president. The president is the constitutional head of state and is elected for a 5-year term by the parliament, but plays a largely ceremonial role. The president can act only on the advice of the prime minister, as the presidential power was significantly reduced in accordance with constitutional changes in 1991. All adult citizens (18 years old and over) are eligible to vote, including women and ethnic minorities. Bangladesh experienced a number of military coups after 1971, and several military governments tried to restrict activities of political parties. However, after the return to civil rule in 1990, all political parties have to function openly in the country. There are a number of political organizations in Bangladesh.
Most prominent of them are: the Awami League (a coalition of 8 parties); the Bangladesh Nationalist Party; the Jatiya Party; and the Jamaat-e-Islami. The Awami League (AL) generally supports more government interventionist policies and has a very cautious attitude towards liberalization or opening of the national economy to international competition; in fact, in the early 1970s the party had strong pro-socialist elements in its economic policy. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), which was the ruling party from 1991 until its defeat in the parliamentary election of 1996, is more free-market oriented. The BNP introduced the policy of economic liberalization and privatized some state-owned enterprises. It opened the national economy to international competition in an attempt to attract foreign investors.
For her second tenure, Prime Minister of Bangladesh and leader of the ruling party, Awami League, Sheikh Hasina Wajid won the general elections 2014 in wake of bloodshed due to her dictatorial steps. In this regard, head of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Begum Khaleda Zia who was leading the alliance of the opposition parties protested against the rigging, deliberately practiced by the Awami League, was placed under virtual house arrest during the election-campaign. Earlier, to keep her in power, Prime Minister Hasina Wajid amended the constitution for holding of elections under a non-party set up and the opposition has accused her of manipulating the electoral process to establish one party state. The opposition alliance led by Khaleda Zia did not file nominations for the polls, sticking to their stance of boycotting the elections over the failure of Hasina Wajid to form a neutral interim government. The country's largest religious party, Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) was also banned from taking part in the elections, while to address old grievances of her party, Prime Minister Hasina who was in connivance with the judiciary, hurriedly executed her political opponent, Abdul Qadir Mullah-leader of Jl.
Awami League government under Sheikh Hasina has been squeezing the opposition to new limits. In Jan 2018, "Digital Security Act (DSA)" was approved by the cabinet and after the approval of the President, is likely to be enacted. Proposed DSA is a set of punishment to support ultra Nationalism being pursued by AL. Timing of proposed DSA is crucial as journalists and media persons are demanding repealing controversial Section 57 of Information and Communication Technology Act (ICT) – 2006 termed as draconian section. Notably, more than 700 cases under this controversial Section are under trial. Under growing pressure from the world community and USA, Sheikh Hasina is reported to have inclined to make certain amendments, however, keeping track record of political affairs, such announcement seems a mere political statement.
The DSA is affecting the people's right to freedom of expression. Moreover, it will impede independent journalism, limit the scope of researchers (particular on the sensitive topic of Liberation War) etc. Sheikh Hasina has been using such draconian and controversial laws against Bangladesh's Jammat e Islami elements extensively and even executed their leaders for siding with Pakistan. On the other hand, Sheikh Hasina has been using every tactic to keep Mrs Khaleda Zia under pressure. As BNP is currently leading an alliance of around 20 smaller parties, Sheikh Hasina government has unleashed squeezing tactics to cause ruptures in the alliance and forcing desertions/defections within BNP and its allied parties.
It is a fact that since Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina came into power, India has been employing various tactics to entrap Bangladesh by exploiting her pro-Indian tilt to fulfill its strategic interests. In this context, Prime Minister Hasina Wajid has continuously been pursuing Indian directions by conducting anti-Pakistan campaign. Therefore, after passing of 42 years to the events of 1971, which resulted into the separation of East Pakistan, Abdul Qadir was hanged because of his loyalty to Pakistan. Nonetheless, Indian media and renowned newspapers reported that during the visit of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to New Delhi, India and Bangladesh signed 22 agreements in the fields of defence cooperation, civil nuclear energy, space and cyber security among others, following bilateral talks between Indian Prime Minister Modi and his Bangladeshi counterpart. Both the countries also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) through which India would extend a line of credit of $500 million to support Bangladesh's defence-related procurements. Bangladeshi newspapers have showed un-easiness among the masses in Bangladesh regarding signing of defense deal between India and Bangladesh. Opposition parties have also criticized the defence deal by saying that Hasina Wajid wants Bangladesh to become a colony of India.
It is mentionable that Bangladesh's ruling party, under Sheikh Hasina Wajid maintains an anti-Pakistan posture with sinister designs of expressing animosity, antagonism and unrestrained emotional flare-up. The aim is to exploit feelings of masses by keeping the "hate Pakistan" agenda alive. This enables Awami League and Hasina Wajid to remain significant in Bangladesh's power politics despite their failure to deliver the goods. It also helps them to appease their mentors in India. Using abusive language against Pakistan and its armed forces makes Hasina Wajid relevant in Indian politics, while she herself prefers those entities which derive sadistic pleasure by depicting Pakistan in bad light. For the purpose, Awami League and its leader, Prime Minister Hasina are propagating against Islamabad through a well thought-out media plan in order to spread venom against Pakistan, its armed forces and all those Bangladeshi nationals who were loyal to the state during 1971 crisis. As already stated, hasty execution of death penalty to Abdul Qadir Mullah, political ban on religious parties and exclusion of BNP (opposition party) from power sharing, on jingoistic claims, clearly point at Indo-Bangladesh-Awami League blueprint which itself speaks of their deep seated animosity against Pakistan and its armed forces. Old carriage of woeful accusations and planned insinuations are re-animated to maintain emotional incrimination and revamp intriguing blame game.
Historically, sinister role of Indian establishment in dismemberment of Pakistan and creation of Bangladesh needed no proof however, Indian PM Modi's admittance during his visit to Bangladesh, has confirmed the mischievous Indian role. AL-India nexus has been recently further exposed by Surendra Kumar Sinha, Ex Bangladesh Chief Justice (seen by many as a key ally of Sheikh Hasina and her regime) through his recent memoir "A Broken Dream: Rule of Law, Human Rights and Democracy". Mr. Sinha candidly admits that India is backing Sheikh Hasina's autocratic government for own interest. His admittance may prove as a whistleblower for many Bangladeshis who have been waiting for gearing up against the draconian government of Sheikh Hasina. Mr. Sinha was put under house arrest and then forced into exile in late 2017. In his admittance, Mr. Sinha has also revealed that Sheikh Hasina is deliberately supporting/promoting an extremist outfit "Hefazat-e-Islam" led by Moulana Shafito counter Jamaat Islami and other political opponents. "Hefazat-e-Islam" is Bangladesh's ISIS version. Mr. Sinha even alleges that Sheikh Hasina has a coterie of her military advisers – Major General (retired) Tarique Ahmed Siddique (security adviser), Major General Miah Zainul Abed in (military secretary) and the brigadier generals heading different bureaus of the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence (DGFI).
It may be recalled that Bangladesh has been witnessing increasing activities of extremists and the Bangladeshi government usually blamed Pakistan for fanning extremism. Sheikh Hasina's coercive approach to opposition parties is unlikely to be supported by any democracy loving country. As the next parliamentary election in the country are scheduled to be held in Jan 2019, opposition parties and alliances are likely to increase their activities and finding a strangulating atmosphere, the country is expected to witness widespread unrest. It is thus advisable for champions of democracy to play their role in revival of real democracy in Bangladesh and persuade Sheikh Hasina to desist from persecution of opposition parties. If democracy is to take stronger root, it needs a conducive political environment. The country's institutions must be kept free of political influence.
Related Topics:BangladeshDemocracyHuman RightsIndiaPakistanPoliticsSecurity
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Major Challenges for Pakistan in 2022
Prof. Engr. Zamir Ahmed Awan
Pakistan has been facing sever challenges since 1980s, after the former USSR's invasion of Afghanistan. The history is full of challenges, but, being a most resilient nation, Pakistan has faced some of them bravely and overcome successfully. Yet, few are rather too big for Pakistan and still struggling to overcome in the near future.
Some of the challenges are domestic or internal, which can be addressed conveniently. But, some of them are part of geopolitics and rather beyond control of Pakistan itself. Such challenges need to pay more attention and need to be smarter and address them wisely.
Few key areas will be the main focus of Pakistan in the year ahead. Relations with China and the US while navigating the Sino-US confrontation, dealing with Afghanistan's uncertainties, managing the adversarial relationship with India and balancing ties between strategic ally Saudi Arabia and neighbor Iran.
Pakistan has to pursue its diplomatic goals in an unsettled global and regional environment marked by several key features. They include rising East-West tensions, increasing preoccupation of big powers with domestic challenges, ongoing trade and technology wars overlying the strategic competition between China and the US, a fraying rules-based international order and attempts by regional and other powers to reshape the rules of the game in their neighborhood.
Understanding the dynamics of an unpredictable world is important especially as unilateral actions by big powers and populist leaders, which mark their foreign policy, have implications for Pakistan's diplomacy. In evolving its foreign policy strategy Pakistan has to match its goals to its diplomatic resources and capital. No strategy is effective unless ends and means are aligned.
Pakistan's relations with China will remain its overriding priority. While a solid economic dimension has been added to long-standing strategic ties, it needs sustained high-level engagement and consultation to keep relations on a positive trajectory. CPEC is on track, timely and smoothly progress is crucial to reinforce Beijing's interest in strengthening Pakistan, economically and strategically. Close coordination with Beijing on key issues remains important.
Pakistan wants to improve ties with the US. But relations will inevitably be affected by Washington's ongoing confrontation with Beijing, which American officials declare has an adversarial dimension while China attributes a cold war mindset to the US. Islamabad seeks to avoid being sucked into this big power rivalry. But this is easier said than done. So long as US-China relations remain unsteady it will have a direct bearing on Pakistan's effort to reset ties with the US especially as containing China is a top American priority. Pakistan desires to keep good relations with the US, but, not at the cost of China. In past, Pakistan was keeping excellent relations with US, while simultaneously very close with China. When the US imposed economic blockade against China and launched anti-communism drive during the cold war, Pakistan was close ally with the US and yet, keeping excellent relations with China. Pakistan played vital role in bring China and the US to establish diplomatic relations in 1970s. Yet, Pakistan possesses the capability to narrow down the hostility between China and the US.
Pakistan was close ally with the US during cold war, anti-communism threat, war against USSR's invasion of Afghanistan in 1980s, and war on terror, etc. Pakistan might be a small country, but, possesses strategic importance. As long as, the US was cooperating with Pakistan, Pakistan looked after the US interest in the whole region. In fact, Pakistan ensured that the US has achieved its all strategic goals in the region. Since, the US kept distance from Pakistan, is facing failure after another failure consecutively. The importance of Pakistan is well recognized by the deep state in the US.
US thinks that withdrawal from Afghanistan has diminished Pakistan's importance for now. For almost two decades Afghanistan was the principal basis for engagement in their frequently turbulent ties, marked by both cooperation and mistrust. As Pakistan tries to turn a new page with the US the challenge is to find a new basis for a relationship largely shorn of substantive bilateral content. Islamabad's desire to expand trade ties is in any case contingent on building a stronger export base.
Complicating this is Washington's growing strategic and economic relations with India, its partner of choice in the region in its strategy to project India as a counterweight to China. The implications for Pakistan of US-India entente are more than evident from Washington turning a blind eye to the grim situation in occupied Kashmir and its strengthening of India's military and strategic capabilities. Closer US-India ties will intensify the strategic imbalance in the region magnifying Pakistan's security challenge.
Multiple dimensions of Pakistan's relations with Afghanistan will preoccupy Islamabad, which spent much of 2021 engaged with tumultuous developments there. While Pakistan will continue to help Afghanistan avert a humanitarian and economic collapse it should not underestimate the problems that may arise with an erstwhile ally. For one, the TTP continues to be based in Afghanistan and conduct attacks from there. The border fencing issue is another source of unsettled discord. Careful calibration of ties will be needed — assisting Afghanistan but avoiding overstretch, and acknowledging that the interests of the Taliban and Pakistan are far from identical. Moreover, in efforts to mobilize international help for Afghanistan, Islamabad must not exhaust its diplomatic capital, which is finite and Pakistan has other foreign policy goals to pursue.
Managing relations with India will be a difficult challenge especially as the Modi government is continuing its repressive policy in occupied Kashmir and pressing ahead with demographic changes there, rejecting Pakistan's protests. The hope in establishment circles that last year's backchannel between the two countries would yield a thaw or even rapprochement, turned to disappointment when no headway was made on any front beyond the re-commitment by both neighbors to observe a ceasefire on the Line of Control.
Working level diplomatic engagement will continue on practical issues such as release of civilian prisoners. But prospects of formal dialogue resuming are slim in view of Delhi's refusal to discuss Kashmir. This is unlikely to change unless Islamabad raises the diplomatic costs for Delhi of its intransigent policy. Islamabad's focus on Afghanistan last year meant its diplomatic campaign on Kashmir sagged and was limited to issuing tough statements. Unless Islamabad renews and sustains its international efforts with commitment and imagination, India will feel no pressure on an issue that remains among Pakistan's core foreign policy goals.
With normalization of ties a remote possibility, quiet diplomacy by the two countries is expected to focus on managing tensions to prevent them from spinning out of control. Given the impasse on Kashmir, an uneasy state of no war, no peace is likely to continue warranting Pakistan's sustained attention.
In balancing ties with Saudi Arabia and Iran, Pakistan should consider how to leverage possible easing of tensions between the long-standing rivals — of which there are some tentative signs. With Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman keen to use economic power to expand his country's diplomatic clout by making strategic overseas investments, Pakistan should use its political ties with Riyadh to attract Saudi investment through a coherent strategy. Relations with Iran too should be strengthened with close consultation on regional issues especially Afghanistan. The recent barter agreement is a step in the right direction.
In an increasingly multipolar world, Pakistan also needs to raise its diplomatic efforts by vigorous outreach to other key countries and actors beyond governments to secure its national interests and goals.
Afghanistan: UN launches largest single country aid appeal ever
Displaced families collect water during a harsh winter in Kabul, Afghanistan. © UNHCR/Andrew McConnell
The UN and partners launched a more than $5 billion funding appeal for Afghanistan on Tuesday, in the hope of shoring up collapsing basic services there, which have left 22 million in need of assistance inside the country, and 5.7 million people requiring help beyond its borders.
Speaking in Geneva, UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Martin Griffiths said that $4.4 billion was needed for the Afghanistan Humanitarian Response Plan alone, "to pay direct" to health workers and others, not the de facto authorities.
UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi called for $623 million, to support refugees and host communities in five neighbouring countries, for the Afghanistan Situation Regional Refugee Response Plan.
"Today we are launching an appeal for $4.4 billion for Afghanistan itself for 2022," said Mr. Griffiths. "This is the largest ever appeal for a single country for humanitarian assistance and it is three times the amount needed, and actually fundraised in 2021."
Needs could double
The scale of need is already enormous, both UN officials stressed, warning that if insufficient action is taken now to support the Afghanistan and regional response plans, "next year we'll be asking for $10 billion".
Mr. Griffiths added: "This is a stop-gap, an absolutely essential stop-gap measure that we are putting in front of the international community today. Without this being funded, there won't be a future, we need this to be done, otherwise there will be outflow, there will be suffering."
Rejecting questions that the funding would be used to support the Taliban's grip on de facto government, Mr. Griffiths insisted that it would go directly into the pockets of "nurses and health officials in the field" so that these services can continue, not as support for State structures.
UN aid agencies describe Afghanistan's plight as one of the world's most rapidly growing humanitarian crises.
According to UN humanitarian coordination office OCHA, half the population now faces acute hunger, over nine million people have been displaced and millions of children are out of school.
Youngsters' plight
Asked to describe what might happen if sufficient support was not forthcoming, the UN emergency relief chief replied that he was particularly concerned for one million children now facing severe acute malnutrition. "A million children – figures are so hard so grasp when they're this kind of size – but a million children at risk of that kind of malnutrition if these things don't happen, is a shocking one."
But humanitarian agencies and their partners who will receive the requested funding directly can only do so much, Mr. Griffiths explained, before reiterating his support for the 22 December UN Security Council resolution that cleared the way for aid to reach Afghans, while preventing funds from falling into the hands of the Taliban.
"Humanitarian agencies inside Afghanistan can only operate if there's cash in the economy which can be used to pay officials, salaries, costs, fuel and so-forth," he said. "So, liquidity in its first phase is a humanitarian issue, it's not just a bigger economic issue."
Stave off disease, hunger
He added: "My message is urgent: don't shut the door on the people of Afghanistan. Humanitarian partners are on the ground, and they are delivering, despite the challenges. Help us scale up and stave off wide-spread hunger, disease, malnutrition and ultimately death by supporting the humanitarian plans we are launching today."
Highlighting the need to avoid a wider regional crisis emanating from Afghanistan, UNHCR chief Grandi, insisted that what was needed most, was "to stabilize the situation inside Afghanistan, including that of displaced people who are displaced inside their country. Also, to prevent a larger refugee crisis, a larger crisis of external displacement."
Nonetheless, Afghanistan's immediate neighbours had sheltered vulnerable Afghans for decades, Mr. Grandi explained, as he appealed for $623 million in funding for 40 organizations working in protection, health and nutrition, food security, shelter and non-food items, water and sanitation, livelihoods and resilience, education, and logistics and telecoms.
Decades of shelter
No-one should forget "that there is a regional dimension to this crisis, represented by the Afghan refugees but also Afghans with many other 'stay' arrangements in neighbouring countries in particular," Mr. Grandi said, "especially in Pakistan and Iran that have hosted Afghans for more than 40 years, but also Central Asian States."
Since the Taliban takeover last August, women's and girls' rights have continued to come under attack, OCHA noted in a statement, "while farmers and herders are struggling amid the worst drought in decades and the economy is in freefall".
Rights reminder
On the issue of protecting fundamental rights, Mr. Griffiths underlined the fact that UN humanitarians were continuing to hold "conversations" with Afghanistan's de facto authorities at a national and sub-national level, on issues such as aid and education access for all.
Echoing that message, UN refugee chief Mr. Grandi noted that humanitarians on the ground were well aware of the importance of stressing the need to protect the rights of minorities and other vulnerable Afghans.
"Our colleagues are there every day, and that's what they talk about every day; they certainly talk about access, and delivery and needs, but they also talk about women at work, women in school – girls in school – rights of minorities, but it's that space that we need to preserve."
Hinduisation of India
Amjed Jaaved
India's constitution calls upon its citizens to imbibe the spirit of "scientific inquiry" and humanism". Oblivious of their constitutional duty, India is still wedded to dogmas. This fact is obvious from the recent calendar "invented' by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The calendar is intended to play to the tune of Hindutva ideologues, Bharatiya Janata party and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).
This calendar claims that the invasion of the Aryan race is a myth. They were a "race indigenous to India".
The BJP and RSS consider the Aryans to have been indigenous to India and long opposed the dominant 'Aryan invasion' theory. The calendar disbelieves that the Aryans came along with the Vedic culture from the Central Asia. That they introduced this culture to the aboriginals, predominantly the dark -skinned Dravidian race. That the Harappa-Mohenjo-daro civilisations did not predate the Vedic era. Vedic Culture and the Indus Valley Civilisation (7000 BCE – 1500 BCE) were synonymous.
The BJP-led Union government is trying to rewrite India's history textbooks and "saffronise" education. Hindu right wing claims that the creators of the Vedas always belonged to India. Muslims and Christians are 'invader' races with respect to India, as opposed to the supposedly indigenous Aryans.
Similar myths
Museum renamed after Shiva
Yogi Adityanath often showed abhorrence to Moghul icons. He mocks the expenditure of such monuments. He vowed not to spend a penny on even Muslim graveyards, and by corollary, even mosques. India's Supreme Court y ruled that a mosque is not necessary for the Muslim mode of worship. He renamed the upcoming "Mughal Museum" in Agra after Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Yogi believes that he himself is a scion of the Maratha warriors.
Yogi says "how can Mughal be our heroes?" Thus he is up against 396 of its 1 lakh-plus villages and towns bearing the names of the Mughals. What about
Bihar with 97, Maharashtra 50, and Haryana 39 villages named after the Moghul?
About 50 percent of the villages bear standalone names such as Akbarpur, Aurangabad, Humayunpur and Babarpur. In addition, there are also syncretic names such as Akbar Nivas Khandrika and Damodarpur Shahjahan.
The most common name is Akbarpur of which there are nearly 70 across the country, followed by Aurangabad, which is the name of 63 places.
Since coming to power in 2017, Yogi has renamed several places in the state including railway junction Mughalsarai renamed as Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar, Allahabad as Prayagraj, and Faizabad as Ayodhya. The renaming falls in line with the Sangh Parivar's ideological commitment to reclaiming the "original" lost glory of India in pre-Islamic times.*
Hyderabad or Bhagyanagar
Hindutva lobby, as led by Yogi, wants to rename Hyderabad as Bhagyanagar, Taj Mahal as "Ram Mahal, Krishna Mahal, or even Rashtrabhakt (patriot) Mahal". They want to rename Delhi as "Indraprastha", Lucknow as "Lakhanpur", and Victoria Palace in Kolkata as Janaki Palace
Gyanvapi mosque
A Varanasi court ordered Archeological Survey of India to conduct a survey of the Gyanvapi Mosque compound adjacent to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple to find out whether it was a "superimposition, alteration or addition or there is structural overlapping of any kind, with or over, any other religious structure".
The decision is preposterous as no evidence was produced before the court to infer that there was a prior existing temple at the site of the mosque.
Ayodhia
Even in the Ayodhya judgment, the ASI excavation was ultimately of no use. The ASI did not find proof that the Babri Masjid was built upon demolition of a temple. No evidence was produced before the court to suggest that there was a prior existing temple at the site of the mosque.
The Kashi Vishwanath Dam project
This dam is the biggest attempt at India's civilisational restoration since the rebuilding of the Somnath temple.
Why emphasis on Arthashastra by the IIT, Kharagpur?
India wants to promote teaching of Arthashastra (Chanakya) through prestigious institutes as Chanakya postulates unethical, no-holds barred wars. India trained mukti bahini so-called freedom fighters) and attacked erstwhile East Pakistan when Pakistan least expected it.
The Ramayanas and the Mahabharata wars elucidate various types of yuddha (wars). In ancient India there were three schools of war. Bhishma's school of warfare belonged to dharma yuddha (ethical or just war). Two other schools, Brihaspati and Krishna's school of warfare belonged to koota yuddha (all-out war) or maya yuddha (war by tricks or stratagems). There is too much of negative publicity about Islamic jihad (struggle). But, there is little limelight on koota yuddha in India's history.
Bhishma stressed chivalry and ruled out surprise and deception. But Brihaspati recommended that the king should attack an enemy only if the enemy's strength is one-third of his own (`Udyog Parva'). He suggested that the king should never trust the enemy or spare him, no matter how old or virtuous he may be.
Keynote of Krishna's military philosophy was `end justifies the means.' He laid great stress on deception. `Truth may often have to be sacrificed in pursuit of victory' (Karma Parva). He advocated use of force to defeat the enemy if he was superior in strength or capability (Shalya Parva). Opportunity once wasted never returns (`Shanti Parva').
Even the enlightened Hindu and the military writers believe that India's prosperity during various periods of history, for example during the Maurya and the Gupta periods, rose or fell pari passu with rise or fall of military leadership.
Since partition, the Hindu leaders have put a tab on their innate desire to expose their urge for koota yuddha with Pakistan because of political expediency. India's confidence-building measures did not contribute to the solution of the Kashmir, or Sir Creek issues. They were dilly-dallying tactics to evade a plebiscite in disputed Kashmir.
Pakistani leaders, including previous prime-ministers and prime-ministers-to-be should take off their blinkers and try to understand how India, through koota yuddha, with like minded countries, is trying to wreck Pakistan's economy and country.
Obviously India wants to erase non-Hindu history. It wants to glorify Hindu warriors to prepare India for a war against its neighbours


Must Have Tools For Your Reflexology Office. Reflexology is a powerful form of alternative treatment that is becoming increasingly popular in industrialized societies.
Reflexology principles have been in place for centuries, and only recently are western societies beginning to understand how powerful it can be for dealing with many different types of symptoms.
In this article, well focus on examining some types of tools that are available for sale that can be of immense help when it comes to reflexology. Without a doubt, one of the most important tools for a reflexology practitioner to have in their repertoire is some reflexology charts.
These charts show exactly where the nerve ending points are for the various points on the feet and hands that correspond to different parts of the body. These parts are labeled accordingly to what parts of the body that they affect when massaged, and so it is without a doubt the single most important tool for a reflexologist to own.
One novel innovation in the field of reflexology is the invention of socks and gloves that have the corresponding reflexology points clearly labeled on them. This can be helpful when you are doing amateur reflexology massage in your own home, as well as just looking very cool!
There are also different types of gloves that are for sale that offer different types of benefits for actually performing the massage on an individual. Another tool that many reflexologists ensure that they have at their practice are foot massagers.
There are several different kinds of models that can be effective with assisting in the reflexology massage process, with some being operated by hand while others work mechanically.
They can also be useful when you are looking to receive some of the benefits of reflexology but dont have anyone around that can perform it on you. Reflexology mats are another potent tool for a reflexogist to purchase. These types of mats are beaded so that they have a definitive texture.
In order to reap the benefits of a reflexology mat, you need only to perform your everyday exercise program on top of the mat with no shoes in.
The beads will help to gently massage the nerve endings in your foot which will help you to feel more relaxed and stress free. One trigger point that many reflexologists have trouble finding is the point that pertains to the solar plexus.
It is located towards the middle of the foot and it can be difficult to pinpoint by hand. Luckily, some reflexologists have crafted a tool that consists of a metal rod with a disc shaped protrusion in the middle that can be very useful when it comes to finding this key trigger point.
One of the greatest things about reflexology is its dynamic nature. You dont need much besides a reflexology chart and a basic understand of the art in order to be able to successfully perform reflexology, and many of the items that are for sale in the field of reflexology only help to make the process more easily performed.


Da Annie and me don't normally vatch da talavision, but I got da rabbit ears vorking once for sure ven I heard about a new show about da Mannanites yet. I tell to my Annie, "They've got one now about da Mannanites," but she didn't believe me.
We had to stay up vay past our badtime yat, but there is vas, Mannanites on da TV.
On da program they had even some Funks and Epps. It made us feel vary spashel since my Annie's mudder was an Epp. There was also a menshun of a Janzen who had frintschoftin Cuauhtémoc. I was yust a little disappointed that no Krahns or Giesbrechts were on there at all.
"Nä, it can't be, Knels," she said.
"Oba, Knels. Vee should turn this off!" But we didn't know how to verk da remote so vee kept vatching and vatching and Annie kept knitting and knitting and den it was yust over and we hit da hay.


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Q: Gson get unused data in java class POJO I am developing an API that reads data generate by another program. The data is in a json format and I want to use Gson to read that json data into a json object and also report any unused data that hasn't been specified in the class. For example, I have this json:
{"Event": "ChatMessageSent", "Message": "This is a test message!", "Time":1628466226}

Now, the class only has the Event String and Message String, so it will only store that data. My question is how can I set up my POJO Class or get Gson to also return the Time data in a special method that returns all unused data, so it can be sent to a debug log for throwing a warning for unused data. Since the data may change at any version, I need to create a logging system that tells me if the API missed some data.
Any pointers are much appreciated, thanks in advance!

A: How about creating a custom GSon deserializer for the fields you need. You could look into TypeAdaptor.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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ANCIENT INNOVATION: Good management skills, tech made Arava copper power of ancient world – Israeli study
A section of the discovered wall at the Timna mines. (Dr. Erez Ben-Yosef)
(Dr. Erez Ben-Yosef)
"It appears that the secret of the success of the ancient copper industry in the Arava lies in the skills and abilities of efficient managers, who were assisted at every stage of their decision-making by talented technological experts."
Thanks to advanced management methods and impressive technological creativity, about three thousand years ago, the Arava Valley's copper industry managed to thrive and become the largest and most advanced smelting center in the ancient world, a new Tel Aviv University (TAU) study has determined.
The study was conducted by graduate student David Luria of TAU's Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures and Sonia & Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, and is being published in the prestigious journal PLOS ONE.
According to Luria, the copper industry in Canaan at that time was concentrated in two large mining areas – one in Timna (north of Eilat) and the other in Faynan (in the northern Arava, in Jordan). Previous research on the subject has claimed that the high level of technology employed there was made possible thanks to Egyptian technologies brought to the region during the voyage of the Egyptian Pharoah Shishak in 925 BC. This theory was strengthened in 2014 following the discovery of a scarab bearing the figure of Shishak in Faynan, and again later in 2019, following the development of a new scientific model that claimed that a sudden technological leap had taken place around the time of Shishak's journey.
Read Technology proves existence of ancient Kingdom of Israel
Luria, on the other hand, argues that the great economic and technological success of the copper industry in the Arava was not related to Egyptian capabilities, but rather to the talent of the Arava people, who learned to use the two advanced methods we know today as "trial and error" and "scaling up." "Obviously these terms were not in use in ancient times, but the application of their practical principles was made possible due to a basic understanding of engineering and common sense, which were seen in other places in the ancient world as well," says Luria.
Luria explains that the "trial and error" method allowed the Arava metalworkers to slowly improve technological processes, as well as to increase the volume and quality of production. In addition, "scaling up" made it possible to increase the dimensions of the existing means of production using materials and processes that were common at the time, thereby developing advanced production equipment within a short amount of time and with minimum cost and technological risk.
"Shishak's expedition was not intended to physically take over the copper mines in the Arava, but rather to formulate a long-term agreement with the Arava people in order to bolster local production and thus increase copper exports to Egypt, which was suffering from local production difficulties at the time," Luria says.
Read Archeologists find ancient Hebrew coin dated to Jewish rebellion against Rome: 'year two of the freedom of Israel'
"It appears that the secret of the success of the ancient copper industry in the Arava lies in the skills and abilities of efficient managers, who were assisted at every stage of their decision-making by talented technological experts. Archeology today can't identify who these executives were, but a careful analysis of the deposits left in the area can tell us an accurate story. These findings are the residues of copper production that have accumulated as heaps of waste that can be dated, and whose size allows us to assess the volume of production at any given time. Moreover, by conducting a chemical analysis of the copper content remaining in the waste, we can determine the quality of the production; when the amount of copper in the waste diminishes, we can conclude
that the process had become more efficient."
Luria also says that traces detected at these sites show that throughout the production period, the management team was able to close inefficient mines and open more efficient ones. Moreover, at certain points a decision was taken to reuse waste from earlier periods, which was produced in less efficient processes in which a lot of copper remained, rather than use the pure mineral. These decisions could not have been made without an excellent technical team that backed management decisions with regular technological testing. The management also engaged in extensive marketing of the copper throughout the ancient world.
"The important lesson to take away from this technological success is that the high-tech savvy of individuals – educated and energetic people who lived here in the first millennium BCE – succeeded, just like it does today, in bringing about a huge revolution in the local economy," Luria concludes. "As they say, there is nothing new under the sun."
ancient IsraelAravaStart-Up Nation
I found a very interesting article on World Israel News! Click to read this: --> https://worldisraelnews.com/ancient-start-up-nation-good-management-skills-tech-made-arava-copper-power-of-ancient-world-israeli-study/?ios_app=true

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Harrisburg's Paul finds triumph after tragedy
David Nicholson
dnicholson@argusleader.com
Paul Paul's life at home hasn't always been the spitting image of stability. But though his father was never in the picture, his mother, Susan, was always his rock.
"She played both parts of my life — mom and dad," Paul said.
Susan moved to the United States from Sudan when she was 12, and enrolled at the University of North Dakota after high school.
"That didn't really work out, because my mom had me at a young age," Paul added.
Soon they landed in the Sioux Falls area.
"Life has kind of been a struggle with money and stuff, but she just found a lot of ways to get us support," Paul said.
Pats cruise, Hericks impresses at State Meet
Susan worked at the John Morell plant, and despite battling breast cancer throughout the years — which coincided with Paul's ascension in the track world from seventh grade on — she was a mainstay of support for Paul at school events. Susan taught Paul lessons big and small, from how to handle the hardest that life has to offer to learning to drive.
And then last spring, Susan lost her six-year battle with breast cancer. She was 35.
"May 9, that's when she passed away," Paul said. "That really messed up everything."
His teammates at track and virtually the entire Harrisburg community supported Paul, while they, too, mourned.
"It was kind of like a celebrity died — a lot of people knew her at the school," Paul said. "Every day I wake up and I still think about her — no matter what. It's kind of helped me a little bit — just thinking about her. I don't know. I just think about her every day. I'll never forget her."
In the weeks and months before and after Susan's death, Paul said it was hard to commit to sports. At the Dakota Relays last May, he wished to skip the meet and spend the time with his mom. Susan wouldn't have it.
A few weeks later at the state meet, Paul finished sixth in the 100 and 400, and fourth in the 200. He had hoped for better.
Pats-Lynx battle goes Lincoln's way for team title
In the fall, Paul — now living with an uncle — started to put one foot in front of the other, and in typical Paul Paul form, the feet move quickly. On the football field, Paul established himself as a big-play threat who could do lots of damage, even with limited touches.
When the football season ended, Paul realized that his last great opportunity to leave a mark in high school sports would come with the track season.
"I thought to myself, I've got something left in my school year — and that's track," Paul said, "so I just went into the winter very serious about the offseason and doing whatever workouts I could to get better. I asked my coaches and that's how I got focused. I just tried to take in as much as I could."
This season, through Paul's work and his coaches' help, the Harrisburg senior has become a powerful force on the track. This weekend Paul turned in second-place finishes in the 100 and 200, but had no equal in the 400 — an event he's yet to be beaten in this season. Paul ripped out of the gates and closed like a champion, finishing in an impressive 48.92 seconds.
With latest gold, Heinz adds final piece to illustrious career
"Track has been a point in his life that's kept him going," said Coach Kevin Kroger. "This year he's been able to kind of be a kid again, and that's helped him out. … He's a wonderful kid."
Success is infectious, but there are other reasons he's popular among the other Tigers.
"He's a quiet kid by nature, but the kids just gravitate toward him," Kroger said. "I think he leads by example, and that's a cliche, but they really do look up to him and see how he goes about things. Everything from warming up before an event to taking the proper steps and of course the mental aspect of running. His toughness really sets a great example."
Paul is destined for huge things at the next level, where he'll suit up to run for Mount Marty. He's determined to finish school, Kroger said, which will only add to the list of achievements that would make Susan swell with pride.
"Oh yeah, definitely — she would have been proud," Paul said. "She would have been here, for sure."
FINAL RESULTS: Class AA | Class A | Class B


text:
Silence is Deafening: Major Media AWOL on Grisly Abortion Trial
Ann-Marie Murrell Send an email April 12, 2013
Dr. Kermit Gosnell, who ran a multi-million dollar abortion business in West Philadelphia, is on trial in Philadelphia charged with eight counts of murder. One third-degree murder charge is related to the botched abortion death of 41-year-old Karnamaya Mongar, who died at Gosnell's abortion clinic after a failed abortion. The remaining seven counts of first-degree murder involve infants born alive during illegal late-term abortions and killed with scissors.
Horrific testimony in the trial over the last couple of weeks has revealed tales of the abortionist and his workers at Gosnell's Women's Medical Society clinic allegedly snipping fetuses' spines with scissors to "ensure fetal demise," jars of terminated babies' feet that Gosnell allegedly kept at the clinic, and a baby "screeching … like a little alien" during a so-called live-birth abortion procedure allegedly performed at the clinic.
Delivering one of the most memorable and bone-chilling lines of the trial, ex-clinic employee Stephen Massof said, "It would rain fetuses."
While he's only charged with killing seven live babies, prosecutors believe Gosnell killed hundreds of infants and destroyed related records, according to a graphic 281-page grand jury report. Gosnell — who wasn't licensed to practice obstetrics and gynecology — illegally peddled pain killers during the day and murdered babies at night, according to the report.
"(He) regularly and illegally delivered live, viable babies in the third trimester of pregnancy and then murdered these newborns by severing their spinal cords with scissors," asserted the grand jury.
The report exposes how state officials did relatively little to inspect abortion centers, how the abortion industry covered up the Gosnell situation, and how women were injured by abortions performed at the shoddy abortion clinic with little regard for their health or welfare. His clinic hadn't been inspected since 1993 – that's when Philadelphia officials stopped inspecting abortion facilities so women wouldn't face extra barriers when getting abortions. According to the report [emphasis added]:
The Pennsylvania Department of Health abruptly decided, for political reasons, to stop inspecting abortion clinics at all. The politics in question were not anti-abortion, but pro. With the change of administration from Governor Casey to Governor Ridge, officials concluded that inspections would be "putting a barrier up to women" seeking abortions.
The report relates the story of one woman who was left lying in place for hours after Gosnell tore her cervix and colon while trying, unsuccessfully, to extract the baby. Relatives who came to pick her up were refused entry into the building; they had to threaten to call the police. They eventually found her inside, bleeding and incoherent, and transported her to the hospital, where doctors had to remove almost half a foot of her intestines.
On another occasion, Gosnell simply sent a patient home, after keeping her mother waiting for hours, without telling either of them that she still had fetal parts inside her. Gosnell insisted she was fine, even after signs of serious infection set in over the next several days. By the time her mother got her to the emergency room, she was unconscious and near death.
A nineteen-year-old girl was held for several hours after Gosnell punctured her uterus. As a result of the delay, she fell into shock from blood loss, and had to undergo a hysterectomy.
One patient went into convulsions during an abortion, fell off the procedure table, and hit her head on the floor. Gosnell wouldn't call an ambulance and wouldn't let the woman's companion leave the building so that he could call an ambulance.
Gosnell allegedly trained his employees to cut the necks of the babies he aborted to sever their spinal cords, both Ashley Baldwin and Lynda Williams, former employees, testified.
One day, Williams testified, a woman expelled a baby into the toilet and she saw the baby's arm moving. Williams said she took a pair of scissors and snipped the spine as Gosnell showed her. I did it once and I didn't do it again because it gave me the creeps," Williams said. Questioned by Gosnell's lawyer Jack McMahon, Williams testified that Gosnell had reassured her that the movement she saw was "involuntary movement, a last breath" and that abortion drugs had already doomed the fetus. Although expert witnesses testified there was no medical reason for Gosnell to cut the spines of aborted fetuses, Williams said Gosnell told her it was to "ensure fetal demise."
And this is just a snapshot of the heartbreaking stories that the trial has brought to light.
For his part, Gosnell doesn't seem too broken up about his dubbed "house of horrors." He apparently used to joke about the large size of some the infants he aborted and in one case, according to what a co-worker told the grand jury, said, "This baby is big enough to walk around with me or walk me to the bus stop."
Despite this overwhelming preponderance of damning evidence, Gosnell's attorney McMahon has told the jurors, "This is a targeted, elitist and racist prosecution of a doctor who's done nothing but give [back] to the poor and the people of West Philadelphia."
If there was any iota of truth to that nonsensical assertion, one would think the media would be jumping all over this story. After all, the media herald themselves as the champions of the minorities, the poor, the downtrodden, not to mention women. So why the silence? Gosnell was arrested on January 19, 2011, and his trial started Monday, March 18, 2013, so they had ample time to get the facts out there and get reporters to the scene. But they have steadfastly remained silent (and thus complicit), and the silence has become deafening.
The old adage in the news industry used to be, "If it bleeds, it leads." Now, it doesn't even get coverage. (Just look at Benghazi.)
Brent Bozell's media watchdog site NewsBusters.org has been covering this lack of attention in some depth, and it reported Tuesday that not one second was spent covering the Gosnell trial, but by comparison, the major three networks dedicated a total of 41 minutes and 26 seconds of airtime to 36 stories on the scandal surrounding disgraced Rutgers basketball coach Mike Rice.
The decision by major news networks to effectively "black out" the Gosnell abortion trial led a coalition of 20 conservative leaders to join with Media Research Center founder and NewsBusters publisher Brent Bozell last week to demand that "the broadcast networks stop censoring coverage of the trial of Philadelphia abortion doctor Kermit Gosnell and the testimony of the Florida Alliance of Planned Parenthood Affiliates in favor of murdering children who survive botched abortions."
The call by the conservative leaders for the networks to stop ignoring the story went on to point out that as of Tuesday, ABC, CBS, and NBC had not mentioned Gosnell since he was arrested in January 2011, that even the arrest was only covered by CBS, whereas all three networks have covered new abortion-restricting laws in North Dakota and Arkansas.
Why not cover that Pennsylvania has a Safe Haven law that allows parents to relinquish newborns up to 28 days old at any hospital in the state of Pennsylvania without the fear of criminal prosecution as long as the baby has not been harmed? Just a thought.
Cheryl Sullenger's article gives credence to the idea that Gosnell's "house of horrors" is fast becoming the rule, not the exception. Despite rationale that Roe v. Wade would make abortions "safe, legal, and rare," LifeDynamics.com compiled a list of 347 women killed by legal abortions since 1973, and countless others have been traumatically and unalterably affected in nonfatal ways.
One popular saying goes, "Kill a pregnant woman, it's called double murder. Have an abortion, it's called pro-choice. It doesn't make sense."
No, it doesn't.
One of the true crusaders for women, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, said it best: "When we consider that women are treated as property, it is degrading to women that we should treat our children as property to be disposed of as we see fit."
Written by Elizabeth Hermesch
America & The Boiling Pot of Socialist Water
David Horowitz Freedom Center Event, Co-Sponsored by PolitiChicks.tv


At the beginning of 2016, I came across Personal Planner and completely fell in love with the concept of being able to create my own planner completely from scratch. When it arrived, I was very pleasantly surprised how well it was designed and finished to a high standard. So of course I couldn't not share it with you guys, hence why I decided to include it as one of my January favourites. Now, six months later, I can say it has truly been my life saver. I use this planner every day, for various purposes; dairy, weekly planning, taking notes, to do lists etc.
Firstly, let's take a small step back, so you can familiarise yourself with the background of how Personal Planner came alive. It all began in 2006, when a graphic designer's wife needed a new planned for her studies (A pain that many of us go through every single year), however she felt that all the planners she came across were too boring. This is when her husband decided to take action and create a personalised planner with his wife's name on the cover and little extra bits that you weren't able to find on any other planner.
Moving forwards a few years, Personal Planner has grown into a business which now ships worldwide! It allows you to design your own dairy in the style most appropriate to you. I had so much flexibility and options when designing the layout of my planner – I even struggled to choose what extra bits to add, because there was simply so much choice. What I really liked is the fact that I was able to design my own front cover, as well as add personalised dates, and organise each section in a way that suited me best.
Personal Planner provide three types of products which are: wall planner, planners and notebooks come in mini, square, wide and A5 sizes. Prices start from £18.90 up to £27.90 depending on the product and size. A big bonus is that that they provide free shipping worldwide – product are usually received within two weeks!
I know most of us are now enjoying our summer holidays without a single thought it mind about school. But as we all know, time flies by so quickly, by the time you know it, September will be around the corner and many of us (including me) will be going back into education whether it's school, collage, university or even work. So I thought I would share a unique discount code with you lovely readers for you to get your hands on your own Personal Planner.
So, if you are going back to education in September or even work and would like be an owner of your own Personal Planner, you can now get 15% discount with the code "P-LANN-ER16". This discount is valid for a limited time only (Code validation: 01/08/16 – 21/08/16), so get yourself over to Personal Planner and start designing your own!
This is not a sponsored post. Everything has been written from my personal experiences and opinions.
What are your thoughts of Personal Planner? Do you already own one of your own? Comment below, I would love to hear your views & stories!
Thanks for the code, it helped me a lot!!
I've had my Personal Planner since January, and I've already purchased a new for 2017. They have now added stickers to the planners ( which are great ). I added a lovely photo to mine one this year as the front and back cover, with my name on it, so if I leave it at work by mistake, every one knows who's it is, hopefully with no peeking inside! Would highly recommend these planners to every one to try out. You won't be disappointed.
Hi, I have had this planner since last August and I love it. It is such a brilliant idea to have an opportunity make your own planner :-).
I first got one for my friend last year but didn't get to get one for my own until now. I already purchased one for January 2017. Besides, i also love that they have customized notebooks as well so I can make my own bullet journal with dot grid (as well as other kinds) papers they provide.
Being able to customise it is the best part about it! I also added map pages which I really love as I have been traveling quite a lot this year.
Ok, I really want a personal planner now! Great post!
You definitely should invest in one. They're brilliant for organising yourself for uni etc.


These four diaries date from 1996 to 2003.
I have no idea where these diaries are from. Probably Barnes and Noble (or whatever the early 90s equivalent was). Yes, I was one of those kids with the diary that locked. And I made sure everyone in my vicinity took that lock seriously.
I was a bird-nerd even as a kid. Unfortunately, I also did not understand the concept of plagiarism. On the left is my heavily copied "paraphrased" report on the great horned owl. On the right is a dollar bill I found on the bottom of a pool (serious business). Eleven year old me would have swam to the bottom of the Marianas Trench if there were a dollar at the bottom.
Two four-leaf clovers I found once. You can see my 15 year old self's obsession with drawing terrible smiley faces.
These four diaries date from 2003 to 2007.
Three of these journals were from Barnes and Noble, including my very coveted Shakespeare handwriting journal! The one on the top left is from Kinokuniya.
To the left you can see what is probably the most horrifying leprechaun drawing ever made. To the right is a ticket to ride in a Daytona car at Disneyworld. That car…was very fast.
Oh lord. So to the left you see my little keepsakes from the prom. (Hey, it was fun!) And to the right is something I apparently felt should be memorialized. I had a skirt that got a little too close to the heater. Fashion casualty.
To the left is a ticket from my time in England, which included trips to London. I went to see Death of a Salesman. …..I cannot give a ringing endorsement of that play. I definitely fell asleep at one point. To the right is what happens when you're an art minor at a liberal arts college. I had a printout of a paper that smudged, so I cut it up and pasted it into a little poem. …I know.
I don't always write my entries in English! Here is my terrible, terrible Japanese. I was just learning it and trying to practice!
These four diaries date from 2007 to 2012.
The green diary is from Barnes and Noble. The New Yorker diary is from a trip I took to England. I was concerned about running out of the space in the diary I brought, so I bought one at Waterstones. The cat journal is from Kinokuniya. The pig journal I bought in Tokyo at Tokyu Hands (my favorite store eeeevvver). It was so cheap!
To the left is the effects of law school. And a solved sudoku puzzle! To the right…I somehow managed to skip a page in the journal. This somehow happens more than you might think.
Japan likes stamps, I guess! Here is a stamp from Mt. Fuji's 5th station visitor's center. I never got to the top of Mt. Fuji, but it was an awesome experience.
And these range from 2012 to right now (my current diary is on the right).
The journal on the left I bought in Venice! That's the Venetian lion on the front. The one I'm using now is from some random card store in Quebec.
I went to an art show called THE(UN)FAIR, and there was an art installation that stamped dollars with this. I loved it!
So, if you don't keep a journal, you really should consider it! I think it is a more personal experience than keeping an online blog. It allows you to tape in little things you find interesting or that make you giggle or jot down thoughts you have throughout the day. I have to say, I am so glad that my teenage years predate social media. At least all of my embarrassing angst and drama is contained in these diaries and not on Facebook!
I have many a crochet work in progress at the moment. These are smaller projects that I pick up between the larger (read: blanket) projects.
Here is a shawl near completion that I made using this pattern. Unfortunately for both me and the shawl, I think I might unravel it and use the yarn for something else. I was making it as a present for my sister, but I'm really not happy with it for a variety of reasons, namely that it's way too small. The pattern suggests using a size J hook, which I did. So to anyone who plans to try it out…you're gonna need a bigger hook.
Spring flowers (made with crochet hooks and not April showers)! I'm not going to link the pattern (which shows the finished object) quite yet, because I don't want to give away what it will be. Spoiler alert: it will be awesome.
Bubble shooter! Maybe I'm just old fashioned, but I love this game. I grew up playing it on the computer as a kid, and I downloaded it as an app the minute I got a smartphone. We won't talk about all the times I was up until 4 AM trying to get three stars on each level.
These (unlike everything else in this post) are actually finished. I had a good time making them. Depending on which bubble shooter game you're playing, the colors of the bubbles sort of vary, so I just went with the colors I already had and thought looked best together.
Remember candy buttons? Of course you remember candy buttons. They were only the best candy ever made!
Glove! Obviously I only have one so far, but the other will be along forthwith. And I shall try not to nibble on them when I wear them.


Are you considering buying a home in the Denver metro area? There are a couple ways to buy: 1) buy a home from the seller, and 2) buy a rent-to-own home. Buying a rent-to-own home refers to taking a two-phase approach where you first rent a home that you have an option to buy in the future. There are important things to consider on the rent-to-own option.


text:
Caratteristiche tecniche

Carriera

Palmarès

 : 1976
 : 1980-1981

 : 1975

Note

Bibliografia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Elias Dittrich, eigentlich Elias Dietrich (lateinisiert: Theodorus; * 9. November 1609 in Warthau bei Bunzlau; † 16. März 1678 in Görlitz), hieß der Görlitzer Bürgermeister in den Jahren 1665, 1669, 1673 und 1676. Zudem hatte Dittrich einige Ämter der Stadtverwaltung inne. Er war ein Urenkel des Königshainer Pfarrers Balthasar Dietrich.

Leben
Elias Dittrich wurde am 9. November 1609 in Warthau bei Bunzlau im heutigen Polen geboren. Sein Vater hieß auch Elias († 1642) und war Pastor Primarius im Herkunftsdorf seines Sohnes. Dessen erste Ehefrau Dorothea Wanne war zugleich Elias (des jüngeren) Mutter. Elias war der dritte seines Vornamens in seiner Familie (nach seinem Urgroßvater Balthasar), denn auch sein Großvater war Pastor Primarius und hieß Elias († 1600).

Elias ging von 1621 bis 1628 auf das Görlitzer Gymnasium und studierte dann Jura in Frankfurt und in Königsberg. Am 10. Oktober 1643 erwarb er das Görlitzer Bürgerrecht und kaufte sich am gleichen Tag den Brauhof Petersgasse (Peterstraße) 15. Er heiratete wenig später am 2. November in erster Ehe Martha (geb. Glich von Milziz). Er kam gleich im darauffolgenden Jahr in den Rat und wurde für die Verwaltung der Waage ausgewählt, was er bis vier Jahre vor seinem Lebensende tun würde. 1645 bis 1666 wurde ihm die Verwaltung von St. Jakob und von St. Anna anvertraut. 1646 wurde er Schöppe, 1658 bis 1661 für den Marstall verantwortlich, 1660 für das Hospital zum heiligen Geist, 1662 bis 1677 zuständig für die Kammer. Am 26. November 1663 heiratete er seine zweite Ehefrau Helene (geb. Schreier/Schröer, verw. Hellwig) 1664 bis 1667 für die Schule und 1664 bis 1674 für die Salzkammer. 1665 wurde Bürgermeister, 1669 ein zweites Mal. 1670, 1671, 1674 und 1677 hatte er wieder das Hospital zu verwalten, 1671 bis 1677 kamen die Mühlen hinzu, 1676 auch der Getreideboden. 1673 war er nochmals Bürgermeister gewesen. Zwischen 1675 und 1677 war er Waisenherr. Zwar war er 1676 zum Bürgermeister gewählt, in Wirklichkeit wegen Krankheit über "das ganze Jahr" aber vom Bürgermeister des Vorjahres, Gottfried Neumann, vertreten. Dittrich verkaufte am 12. Oktober 1677 den Brauhof Petersgasse 15 seiner Frau und starb im Frühjahr des darauffolgenden Jahres.

Literatur

 Elias Dittrich (Theodorus) in: Max Gondolatsch: Der Personenkreis um das Görlitzer Convivum und Collegium Musicum im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert in: Richard Jecht: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin, Band 112. Görlitz 1936. S. 147–148. (Online)
 Johann Christophorus Wirthgen: Die gesamte der ungeänderten Augsb. Confeßion zugethane Priesterschaft in dem Marggrafthum Oberlausitz. Lauban und Leipzig 1776. S. 167. (Stammtafel)

Geboren 1609
Gestorben 1678
Mann
Bürgermeister (Görlitz)


Our Gold Card scheme provides support to the County's leading sport performers through FREE access to a number of Actif Leisure centres, sport centres and Swimming pools.
Who is eligible for a Gold Card?
available from applicant's County of residence.
Be signed by the relevant NGB Officer.
What do you get by being a Gold Card holder?
You will be able to get FREE use of ONE of our Actif Leisure Centres and within that Leisure centre.
You will be able to gain further access to two facilities e.g. running track, swimming pool, squash court which need to be relevant to your training needs.
You can download the application form below or call at any one of our Actif leisure centres.
When completing your application form you will need to include two passport photographs and proof of eligibility from your National Governing Body of Sport. Once this evidence has been received and verified, a card and welcome pack will be issued.
The card is then valid for 1 year after expiry you will need to resubmit a new application.


Jack Ma, chairman and CEO of Alibaba Group, claimed on Saturday at the annual gathering of entrepreneurs that on contrary to popular belief, he was not the reason for the dismissal of Yahoo's CEO Carol Bartz.
Alibaba Group is a privately owned Hangzhou-based family of Internet-based businesses that includes online marketplaces that facilitate business-to-business international and domestic China trade, retail and payment platforms, shopping search engine and data-centric cloud computing services. It is the parent company of Alibaba.com, Taobao Mall, Taobao.com, Etao and Alibaba Cloud Computing.
According to Reuters, Yahoo holds 40% shares of Alibaba. Jack Ma wanted to purchase back Alibaba shares held by Yahoo, but Yahoo was not willing to sell the stocks, which caused a difficult relationship between Ma and Carol Bartz.
Bartz was fired on September 7th. In Ma's speech on Saturday, he mentioned the recent departure of Yahoo's CEO, but it had nothing to do with me.
On May 10th, the quarterly report of Yahoo indicated that the company was discussing with Alibaba about the restructuring of online payment business.
On July 29th, Yahoo announced that Alibaba and its two main shareholders, Yahoo and Softbank in Japan, reached an agreement on the compensation plan of Alipay's related business.
Until Saturday, Yahoo's stocks have declined about 24% since May.


This is a combo of one of our beautiful standard model cigar box guitars with a matching cigar box amplifier. Built in C. B. Gitty's workshop, located in the Seacoast region of New Hampshire, USA, these are great cigar box instruments - if you have been looking for a great-sounding, well-made cigar box guitar that you can tune up and start playing right out of the box, and a great little amplifier to play it on, then look no further!
Check out the great features and specifcations of this guitar and amp below. The instrument shown in the photographs is the exact guitar you will receive.
A cigar box guitar is a rude, often crude, gritty home-made instrument, and there aren't really any rules when it comes to making them. They are about as far as you can get from the glossy, soul-less factory-made instruments hanging on the walls of most music stores today. The CBGs we sell are meant to invoke the sorts of instruments that the founding fathers of blues would have built from stuff they had laying around - an old empty cigar box for the body, a piece of scrap lumber for the neck, scrap pieces of woods, lengths of bolt, old keys, etc for the nut and bridge, miscellaneous hardware such as a hinge half for the tailpiece.
Every instrument that bears the C. B. Gitty name is built to a minimum standard of quality and playability, but you need to know that cigar box guitars are for the most part primitive and primal instruments that bear little resemblance to the shiny mass-produced things you see hanging on the wall of a guitar store. Each one is a unique, hand-made creation, as much instrument as art. They may have some rough edges, some nicks and scuffs, some "interesting" intonations, high actions, a bit of twang or sitar-buzz on certain strings, etc. That is part of what the CBG is all about. There are builders out there who turn out high-end professional-grade cigar box instruments, and charge hundreds of dollars for them, and that is fine. You just need to know that these instruments are built with a different purpose in mind. If all of that sounds good to you, then great! If it makes your blood pressure shoot up and causes you to start muttering about "real" instruments and the finely honed traditions of luthiery... then you probably shouldn't buy one of these!


Bronze Eype Figure is a Limited Edition of 9 sculptures by Marko cast in Bronze by commission. A range of patinas are available.
This example has a Chestnut patina and is sold. 8 left in the Edition including one with a Mirror polished finish.


At Lint United Van Lines, we understand that every company's relocation needs are unique. That's why we strive to save you time and money on your corporate move while ensuring the Lint Van Lines quality of service.
Lint United Van Lines offers comprehensive premium moving services including, packing, shipment protection and storage in-transit.
Our agents can act as a seamless liaison between you and your move, providing traffic management services so you don't have to worry and can get back to work quickly.
We offer a range of packing and unpacking services to make your corporate relocation as smooth of a transition as possible.
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Contact us today to learn more about our corporate relocation services.


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text:
No. 6 LSU hoping Chaisson's return has transformative effect
Brett Martel, The Associated Press
Aug 22, 2019 at 4:54 PM Aug 22, 2019 at 7:00 PM
BATON ROUGE, La. (AP) " LSU's K'Lavon Chaisson has one season left to fulfill the promise that once lured Tigers coach Ed Orgeron to the highly regarded pass rusher's Houston home at 4 a.m. for a recruiting pitch.
Expectations for Chaisson were high last season " his second at LSU " and the 6-foot-4, 250-pound sophomore appeared primed to deliver when he had a sack and tackle for a loss among five total tackles in a season-opening victory against Miami . However, he went down with a season-ending left knee injury in that same game.
Now Chaisson asserts that the only residual effects of his anterior crucial ligament tear are good ones " changes in outlook and approach that have made him a better leader, teammate, and player.
"Plenty of guys have had the injury. So, I didn't really see it as a major injury," Chaisson said. "It definitely helped me out. It helped me with my patience and focus and film-room work " and I'm glad that it happened, actually."
Sixth-ranked LSU is just glad Chaisson is back on the field. The Tigers could have used him during a 2018 season in which they went 10-3 and lost two games " at Florida and at Texas A&M " by a touchdown or less.
"It's really good to have K'Lavon back," LSU quarterback Joe Burrow said. "He's one of the hardest workers, one of the most talented guys on the team. He's going to have a big year."
Chaisson was always around the team during his post-surgical rehabilitation last season, choosing to be as involved as possible, from viewing practices and games from the sideline, to participating in meetings. He even traveled to road games once his rehab schedule allowed.
"I'd rather be with the team than being alone," Chaisson said of his approach to recovering from injuries. "I'd just rather be around them " uplift, encourage them, show them if I'm smiling and going through this, that anybody can get through whatever they have going on."
Teammates and coaches say that approach was a reason why Chaisson was one of two players " along with offensive lineman Lloyd Cushenberry " chosen this season to wear the coveted No. 18 jersey that goes to key veteran leaders. Chaisson previously wore No. 4.
"It's definitely great having him back, especially when we rush the passer," said safety Grant Delpit, whose five sacks led the Tigers last season. "He's a leader on our defense and we need him."
Now the Tigers hope the prospect of Chaisson's edge rush and Delpit's blitz coming at the same time will rattle opposing quarterbacks who also have to throw against one of the most highly regarded defensive backfields in all of college football.
"They've got to worry about both of us," Delpit said, adding that he still expects to compete with Chaisson for the team lead in sacks. "We're going to duke it out. He's always on the line, so he might edge me out a little bit."
Orgeron, a former college defensive lineman who has extensive experience coaching the position, compares Chaisson to Arden Key. Now in the NFL with Oakland, Key set a single-season LSU record with 12 sacks in 2016.
Chaisson's presence "gives a lot of people confidence," Orgeron said. "He's one of the team leaders. He gives us an excellent pass rush off the edge that we haven't had. It gives us a strong guy at the point and leadership."
Chaisson grins while recalling Orgeron's recruiting courtship a few years ago, and how the LSU coach met him outside his home early one morning and followed him to the airport, where Chaisson was catching a flight as part of a recruiting visit to another school.
"You'd think that we was dating the way he was following me around," Chaisson said, adding that he thought Orgeron's recruiting tactics demonstrated "true dedication," even if they also seemed "a little" creepy at the time.
Orgeron suspects it all will have been worth it, given Chaisson's enthusiasm and dedication to coming back strong.
"He's stronger. He's bigger. He worked out hard this summer," Orgeron said. "He's cherishing every moment of being out there."
More AP college football: http://apnews.com/tag/Collegefootball and http://www.twitter.com/AP_Top25


LibFormula provides Excel-Style-Expressions. The implementation provided here is very generic and can be used in any application that needs to compute formulas.
The syntax is based on the OpenFormula-specifications, but with carefully pruning away all the spreadsheet specific parts (like references to cell-ranges).


text:
Q: javascript eval() method is degrading the performance while filtering I am creating a string of where clause from an array of filters.
var where_clause_string = "(((true && ['SACRAMENTO','CITRUS HEIGHTS'].indexOf(raw_data[i]['city']) > -1) || (false && [].indexOf(raw_data[i]['city']) === -1)) || false)";
var raw_data_length = raw_data.length
  , filtered_data = [];
for(var i = 0; i < raw_data_length; i++) {
  if (eval(where_clause_string)) {
    filtered_data.push(raw_data[i]);
  }
}

Then, I am iterating over the data which is an array of objects and returning only that object which passes the truth test.
It is giving the expected result, but the performance is screwed. It takes ~2-3 seconds to filter just 1500 rows. If the condition is hardcoded without the use of eval(), the process is very fast.
What will be the alternative approach to achieve this?

A: An alternative would be to build a function :
var where_clause_string = "(((true && ['SACRAMENTO','CITRUS HEIGHTS'].indexOf(raw_data[i]['city']) > -1) || (false && [].indexOf(raw_data[i]['city']) === -1)) || false)";

var evaler = new Function('raw_data', 'i', "return "+where_clause_string);

var raw_data_length = raw_data.length
  , filtered_data = [];
for(var i = 0; i < raw_data_length; i++) {
  if (evaler(raw_data, i)) {
    filtered_data.push(raw_data[i]);
  }
}

If you want to go further, you could use the filter function of Array.prototype. It would also ensure the function generation isn't a possible cause of deoptimization (see Optimization Killers) :
var where_clause_string = "(((true && ['SACRAMENTO','CITRUS HEIGHTS'].indexOf(raw_data[i]['city']) > -1) || (false && [].indexOf(raw_data[i]['city']) === -1)) || false)";

var filtered_data = raw_data.filter(new Function(
    'v', "return "+where_clause_string.replace(/raw_data\[i\]/g,'v')
));

But it's usually better to start with structured data instead of a raw string you want to evaluate. Using a function as I propose gets you better performances but you still get the maintenance, readability and security problems of a code in a string. Maybe it could be something like
var criterium = {
    ok_cities:['SACRAMENTO','CITRUS HEIGHTS'],
    nok_cities:[]
};

A: var raw_data_length = raw_data.length,
    filtered_data = [];
for (var i = 0; i < raw_data_length; i++) {
    // fill all param with values some may filled above the for statement
    var param1 = true,
        param2 = ['SACRAMENTO', 'CITRUS HEIGHTS'].indexOf(raw_data[i]['city']) > -1,
        param3 = false,
        param4 = [].indexOf(raw_data[i]['city']) === -1,
        param5 = false;

    if (param1 && param2 || param3 && param4 || param5) {
        filtered_data.push(raw_data[i]);
    }
}


Glen Innes School is an amazing, appealing, and adventurous school. It has incredible achievements.
Glen Innes School is a really caring school. In the 8 years I've been here, the staff has given and supplied food to those that didn't have without hesitation. Breakfast is offered to those that don't have breakfast. But most of our students have their breakfast before they come to school.
Our school is a very active and amusing.We all enjoy swimming, learning, and building up our stamina in our school swimming pool. We also have G.I's got talent to showcase everyone's talents from singing, dancing and playing their favourite instrument. Also we have laughable shows. Some of our students actually get to act in them.
We are innovative. Meaning original and different. This year 33 students from rooms 11 and 12 are being chosen to show their skills in many codes of sports. We are all looking forward to that. Also the learning on our netbooks. In has helped many of us in our academic and sports work. And also the school acknowledges the students with their new ideas. For example we had made a stunt wheel with the mechanism of wind. A student called Blade Howell had a wonderful idea, to use the leaf blower and see how the stunt wheel reacts to it.
Our environment is clean and healthy. we have fresh and lovely vegetable gardens that we use for fillings in sandwiches. And we have containable grass. Also around of school hall and our school sign we have lovely flowers of different colours.
For the many years this school is around it will have a lot more interesting, fun, innovative ideas. And many more awesome achievement.


text:
Q: how to validate checkbox and radio button in jquery I am unable to validate the checkbox and radio button. Actually i just need to insert validation for user at least select one thing weather checkbox or radio.
see my code. that's not working for me.
<script>
  $(".submit").click(function(){
       var checkBoxCount = $(".jobwork:checkbox:checked").length;
      if($(".jobwork:checkbox:checked").length < 1 || ($("input[name=jobwork]:checked").length <= 0)){
          alert("Please select atlease one jobwork");
          return false;

      };

  })

A: http://api.jquery.com/prop/#entry-examples
$(".submit").click(function(){
      var isChecked= $(".jobwork")[0].prop('checked');
      if (!isChecked) {
          alert("Please select atlease one jobwork");
          return false;
      };

  })

A: You have to check whether the checkboxes has a prop called checked in them. It is available only if the checkbox is checked.

$(".submit").click(function(){
      var checked = $(".jobwork").prop('checked');
      if(!checked){
          alert("Please select atlease one jobwork");
          return false;

      };

  })
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<input type="checkbox" class="jobwork" name="check">
<input type="checkbox" class="jobwork" name="check">
<input type="checkbox" class="jobwork" name="check">
<br>
<input type="button" class="submit" value="submit">


text:
Herashchenko confirmed Ukraine's readiness to exchange prisoners
Iryna Herashchenko, the representative of Ukraine in the humanitarian subgroup of the Trilateral Contact Group on Donbas informed on the formula for the exchange of prisoners
Ukraine is ready to give back 306 people in exchange for 74 captured Ukrainians by the ORDLO militants.
According to Iryna Herashchenko, Ukrainian representative in the humanitarian subgroup of the Trilateral Contact Group on Donbas, a number of uncoordinated issues were on the agenda.
"Within the framework of the Minsk humanitarian group, we managed to solve most of such issues as: the verification of those who do not want to move inside the occupied territories, those who have already served a sentence (the period has expired on days when technical work was already underway for preparing the release), and many others," Herashchenko stated on her Facebook page.
Herashchenko noted that Kyiv authorities are ready to transfer 306 citizens (where Ukrainian legislation allows it) in order to release 74 Ukrainians from the occupied territories in the near future.
According to her, during the last month the SBU, Prosecutor General of Ukraine, the Minsk Humanitarian Group, the Presidential Administration, the Penitentiary Service, the Lutkovska Ombudsman, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the National Guard and the Ministry of Justice have done a tremendous job in order to get ready for release.
"The issue of the release of the hostages is key to the Norman format and it was discussed, in particular, during the phone conversations of German Chancellor Angela Merkel with President Poroshenko, and German Chancellor with the Russian president. President Poroshenko personally coordinated all the work of all our relevant departments so that everything would not fail. And I am grateful to all those involved," She informed.
Earlier, Aleksander Zakharchenko, the leader of the self-proclaimed "DPR" fighters, named the date of the exchange of prisoners.
In particular, according to the terrorist leader, the exchange will take place on December 27.
Reportedly, Iryna Herashchenko, while in the US, discussed with representatives of the State Department and the Ministry of Defense of the United States of America the issue of the release of hostages and political prisoners of the Kremlin, as well as violation of human rights in the occupied territories of Ukraine.
Iryna Herashchenko Trilateral Contact Group on Donbas occupation hostage exchange Norman Format
Herashchenko discussed exchange of prisoners in Donbas
US State Department blamed Russia for shelling Donbas
Klimkin: Hostage exchange may happen in coming weeks
Klimkin mentioned number of Ukrainians imprisoned on political motives


text:
Home » Industry News » Betvictor reveals LFC Stars slot based on Liverpool FC
Betvictor reveals LFC Stars slot based on Liverpool FC
"LFC Stars" is the new creation of Realistic Games in cooperation with BetVictor. It is a unique three-reel, five-win line game classic slot inpired from English football giants Liverpool.
Various Reds' players such as the Brazilian striker, Roberto Firminio and the English international midfielder, Adam Lallana are visible on the LFC Stars slot.
"LFC Stars" lets you win 10 free spins and you have the chance to scoop a jackpot prize that multiplies your initial stake up to 250 times.
This is not the first time that Realistic Games and BetVictor present a football-based slot. They have also worked together for "Liverpool FC Football Slot" and "The Million Pound Goal".
BetVictor chief operating officer Paul Louis said: "Following the success of the 'Liverpool FC Football Slot' and 'The Million Pound Goal', we're delighted to once again partner with Realistic Games to offer our players this unique slot featuring one of the world's most successful football clubs. We're already aware of the high-quality content Realistic Games produces, and it's been a pleasure to work alongside them again".
Andy Harris, chief executive of Realistic, added: "We're obviously extremely happy to have teamed up with BetVictor again, creating an entertaining slot based on the five-time European Cup winners. Following a summer of little football action, everyone is eager for the new Premier League campaign to get underway and LFC Stars is the perfect game to kick-start the new season."
It has to be mentioned that BetVictor is a principle partner of Liverpool and the new slot will be exclusive to the operator.
Why choose Betvictor
Football betting at it's best
Licensed in the UK/Gibraltar
30+ sports
Full/Partial Cash Out
High winning limits
Android/iOS native app
Bet €5, get €30 in Free Bets
BOOK SPY
Having over 60 years of experience, Betvictor requires no introduction. It was the first bookie that took its entire business to Gibraltar and one of the first that launched an online sportsbook. I enjoy the wide variety of football betting markets and horse and greyhound races available every day. There are so many new betting features to choose from that considerably enhance the overall betting experience. The winning limits are high, there is an app so you can easily bet on-the-go, and the Customer Service is available 24/7 via multiple channels. If there is one thing I would like to change, though, it is the fact that Betvictor is too UK-focused. Besides football and horse racing, the rest of the sports do not offer anything special. Until 2015, Betvictor had some of the highest odds online. Today the overall payout is downright average for a bookmaker of this caliber. I would also like to see the betting site expand in more countries and add more website languages; just English isn't going to cut it. Overall, Betvictor is one of the top choices for players interested in UK sports and will undoubtedly satisfy even the most demanding punters.


A successful treadmill walking workout consists of a warm up, aerobic exercise, and a cool down. How you begin your workout program depends on your physical condition. If you have been inactive for a long time (say, 3 to 5 years), or are severely overweight, start slowly and then increase your workout time gradually and monitor your heart rate while you exercise.
Have your workout and/or diet programs reviewed by a physician.
Begin your workout exercise slowly with realistic goals that have been set by you and your physician.
Always warm up before you exercise and cool down after your workout.
Take your pulse periodically during your workout and strive to stay within a range of 60% (lower intensity) to 90% (higher intensity) of your maximum heart rate zone. Start at the lower intensity, and build up to higher intensity as you become more aerobically fit.
You should slow down or stop exercising if you feel dizzy or lightheaded. Consult your physician.
At the beginning you may only be able to exercise within your target zone for a few minutes; however, your aerobic capacity will improve over the next few weeks (say, 8 weeks, give and take). It is important to pace yourself while you exercise so you don't get tired too quickly.
To determine if you are working out at the correct intensity, use a heart rate monitor or use the table (Target Heart Rate Zone Estimated by Age) below.
For effective workouts, your heart rate should be maintained at a level between 60% and 90% of your maximum heart rate. If you're just starting an exercise program, workout at the low end of your target heart rate zone. As your aerobic capacity improves, gradually increase the intensity of your workout by increasing your heart rate.
The purpose of warming up is to prepare your body for exercise and to minimize injuries. Warm up for about five minutes before your treadmill workout. Perform activities such as brisk walking, jogging, jumping jacks, jump rope, and running, that can raise your heart rate and warm the working muscles.
Stretching: Stretching while your muscles are warm after a proper warm-up and again after your workout session is very important. Muscles stretch more easily at these times because of their elevated temperature, which greatly reduces the risk of injury. Stretches should be held for 15 to 30 seconds. Do not bounce.
The purpose of cooling down is to return the body to its normal, or near normal, resting state at the end of each workout session. A proper cool-down slowly lowers your heart rate and allows blood to return to the heart. Your cool-down should include some stretching exercises, and should be completed after each workout session.
The following demo video shows you how to walk on a manual treadmill. The manual treadmill model is Exerpeutic 100XL.