text:
A great deal for who?
LAST WEEK, Metro Pacific Investments (PSE: MPI) issued a press release announcing two separate but interrelated transactions. First, that it was acquiring the remaining 25% of Beacon Electric that it did not already own from PLDT (PSE: TEL) for P21.8 billion. An initial payment of P12 billion was paid in cash with the balance of P9.8 billion spread over four years. To finance this investment, the company also declared that it sold a 4.5% stake in Manila Electric (PSE: MER), equivalent to 50.7 million shares, for P12.675 billion or P250 per share. Separately, JG Summit disclosed a few days later that it bought 27.5 million of the 50.7 million Meralco shares sold by MPI, raising its interest by 2.44%. Reading and listening to various commentary, one would get the impression that it is a win-win deal for all parties involved. In my view, however, there is only one clear winner.
TANGLED CORPORATE WEB
Given the tangled web of inter-relationships between a handful of listed companies that are potentially impacted by this deal, it will be instructive to review the chart below before proceeding to discuss the transaction in detail. The black lines represent the new ownership levels while the red lines were the old.
As a result of the changes shown above, Metro Pacific said that its economic interests in Meralco and Global Business Power Corp. (GBPC) increased by 4.24% and 14.59%, respectively. These changes are not obvious at first glance because of the highly layered ownership structure but we were able to validate these figures using our own calculations.
WIN-WIN?
Some are saying that the deal is a win for MPI because it was able to sell a 4.5% direct stake in Meralco at P250 per share but was then able to buy an indirect stake of 8.74% at a lower price. Their computation is as follows:
On the other hand, others say that PLDT will be able to use the proceeds from the sale to reduce debt which would then result in lower financing charges of as much as P1 billion annually. The savings figure varies but the supposed bottom line is that this will add significantly to the company's bottom line.
WIN-LOSE!
However, the calculation above treats the transactions entered into by MPI separately when they should be viewed in an integrated manner. This means focusing on the net effect of the company's deals. Also, this computation fails to take into account the fact that Beacon likewise owns 56% of GBPC. Recall that Metro Pacific itself highlighted the fact that its economic interests in Meralco and Beacon increased significantly. In other words, the P21.8 billion should be considered as payment for both.
To show this more clearly, we first net out MPI's proceeds from the sale of its 4.5% stake in Meralco from its cost to acquire Beacon and then divide the difference by the net additional shares which Metro Pacific now owns. This alternative calculated effective cost of P191/share of MER is now 24% lower than the P250/share private placement price and 28% below the stock's closing price on the day prior to the deal. Still, this second computation does not take into account Beacon's stake in GBPC.
A BIGGER WIN FOR MPI
In an earlier flurry of deals, MPI announced in May of last year that it acquired GT Capital's 56% stake in GBPC for P22.06 billion. The implied valuation for 100% of GBPC at the time, therefore, was P39.4 billion. Knowing this, the value of the additional 14.6% economic interest acquired by Metro Pacific in last week's transaction is P5.75B (P39.4 billion x 14.59%). This should be taken into account in arriving at the true effective cost of MPI's additional 4.24% economic stake in Meralco. Finally, it should be noted that Beacon, as confirmed by management, has a net debt level of P11.28 billion. Apart from higher ownership levels in Meralco and GBPC, MPI also takes on 25% of this net debt. This is also taken into account in the calculation below.
What I have attempted to show in the preceding paragraphs is that in a very shrewd deal, Metro Pacific was able to increase its economic interest in Meralco by 4.24% for an EFFECTIVE COST of only P130 per share. This is 46% lower than the P250 per share private placement and less than half the price of MER prior to last week's announcement. This makes MPI the true and ONLY winner. The market has not fully appreciated the impact of the deal but the benefits will accrue over the next few quarters and the stock price should also reflect this over time.
AND THE LOSER IS...
If Metro Pacific got a huge bargain with its purchase of Beacon, one can only conclude that PLDT got the raw end of the deal. Apart from effectively getting shortchanged, recall that the P21.8B is 17% lower than the P26.2-billion valuation for a similar 25% stake in Beacon which was sold (between the same parties) just last year. Also, TEL will give up equity earnings which is estimated to be around P1.7 billion annually. This is much higher than the expected interest savings and will thus result in earnings dilution of 2%-3% going forward. Given all these negatives for PLDT, yours truly can be forgiven for asking: why are some saying that this is a positive for TEL shareholders?
(Metro Pacific Investments Corp. is one of three key Philippine units of Hong Kong-based First Pacific Co. Ltd., the others being Philex Mining Corp. and PLDT, Inc. Hastings Holdings, Inc., a unit of PLDT Beneficial Trust Fund subsidiary MediaQuest Holdings, Inc., has a majority stake in BusinessWorld through the Philippine Star Group, which it controls.)
Views and opinions expressed in this piece are those of the writer's and do not reflect the policy or position of BusinessWorld. This piece is for information purposes only and should not be construed as a recommendation, an offer, or solicitation for the subscription, purchase, or sale of any of the security(ies) mentioned.
Raymond "Nicky" Franco is a Certified Public Accountant and received his Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation in 2000. He is the Head of Research of Abacus Securities and the head of its online trading arm, MyTrade (mytrade.com.ph).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Shuji Hirakawa is the recipient of the 33rd Lord Kelvin Award, the highest global prize in electrotechnology, for his long-term contribution to the IEC in audio, video and multimedia systems. He received the Award during the IEC General Meeting in Tokyo from the hands of IEC President Dr Junji Nomura.
Electric and electronic devices and systems are no longer "made in one country", they are now "made in the world". Production processes are spread over many countries and continents. Only when countries and companies apply globally-harmonized technical rules can they participate efficiently in these value chains. The IEC Lord Kelvin Award, the highest global prize in electrotechnology honours Dr Shuji Hirakawa's long-term contribution to increasing the technical harmonization that enables global trade and his outstanding commitment to the mission of the IEC.
Hirakawa has been active in the IEC for many years, across many fields. Under his leadership as Secretary from 2004 to 2010, TC (Technical Committee) 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment, became the largest in the IEC. Hirakawa was also instrumental in establishing broad cooperation between the IEC and many other organizations and put in place and spoke at many important workshops and events.
The list of Hirakawa's accomplishments is extensive. For example, it was thanks to Hirakawa's efforts that the world famous USB specifications came to be IEC International Standards, and that the energy efficiency of TVs can be accurately measured and compared with the help of the so-called "world's most boring" TV programme.
The Lord Kelvin Award was created in 1995 and named after the first President of the IEC, William Thomson, The Rt. Hon. Lord Kelvin, one of the most brilliant minds of the 19th century. Kelvin was a distinguished scientist and incessant inventor. Through his mathematical genius he significantly contributed to the advancement of modern physics and science as well as the understanding and practical application of electrotechnology.
Lord Kelvin, together with Charles Le Maistre, the first IEC General Secretary, can be considered the true fathers of standardization. They put in place the processes and methodologies that allow companies to spread new technologies broadly, and enable countries to build more sustainable infrastructure.
Today the Lord Kelvin Award honours those who have the vision and drive to understand and improve the practical applications of the millions of electrical and electronic devices and systems that are part of our daily lives.
The Lord Kelvin Award comprises a solid gold medal, a gold lapel pin and a personal certificate signed by the IEC President and the IEC General Secretary.
As the Japanese representative to the IEC SMB (Standardization Management Board), Hirakawa initiated the founding of TC 120 for electrical energy storage, contributed significantly to the establishment of the IEC systems approach, and helped with the implementation of the first IEC Systems Evaluation Group on Smart Cities.
Since 2003 Hirakawa has been Head of Corporate Standardization/Fellow Specialist at the Toshiba Corporation Technology Planning Division.
Over the past 32 years, Hirakawa held managerial positions at Toshiba Corporation, which he joined in 1978 after a PhD from the Graduate School of the University of Tokyo.
high definition television transmission system.


Rafael Nadal remains in the hunt for an 11th Monte Carlo Masters title, but a mouth-watering quarter-final against Novak Djokovic was scuppered by Dominic Thiem.
World number one Nadal cruised past Karen Khachanov 6-3 6-2 in just 79 minutes in his third-round match, but fans in the principality were denied a heavyweight last-eight meeting between the Spaniard and Djokovic.
The Serbian showed signs of promise as he continues his comeback from an elbow injury, but he let a one-set lead slip and Thiem fought back to claim a 6-7 (2-7) 6-2 6-3 win.
Marin Cilic was granted a walkover after Milos Raonic withdrew due to a knee injury and he will face Kei Nishikori next, the Japanese beating Andreas Seppi 6-0 2-6 6-3.
Grigor Dimitrov required three sets to get past Philipp Kohlschreiber 4-6 6-3 6-4 and Richard Gasquet thwarted a sibling match-up in the quarter-finals by eliminating Mischa Zverev 6-2 7-5.
Nadal and Thiem met four times during the clay swing last season, with the Spaniard coming out on top in the most important outings.
The 31-year-old triumphed in finals in Barcelona and Madrid as well as a semi-final clash en route to claiming his 10th French Open title.
Thiem was the victor when they met in the quarter-finals of the Internazionali d'Italia and he will be hoping to channel that display and overcome the 'King of Clay' as he attempts to secure a first ATP Masters 1000 title.
10-time champion @RafaelNadal sets #RolexMCMasters QF vs. @ThiemDomi . Nadal has won 30 straight sets on clay since losing to Thiem in 2017 @InteBNLdItalia QF. Thiem is 1 of 2 men to beat all members of Big 4 on clay (also Wawrinka). Spaniard leads Austrian 5-2 H2H -- all on clay.
Roberto Bautista Agut was not happy after dropping his serve in the second set against David Goffin and he hit a ball into the ground in frustration, unknowingly sending it into the direction of a ball boy.
It bounced up and caught the youngster on the head, earning the Spaniard a warning from the umpire, despite his opponent appearing to lobby for him to be defaulted.
Bautista Agut then gave Goffin a headache by rallying back from 5-1 down in the second, saving two match points to draw level, but a break of serve at a crucial point enabled the Belgian to close out a 6-4 7-5 win.
Thanasi Kokkinakis took a fall after running into an advertising sign, positioned in front of the line judges, during his defeat to Khachanov and the Australian responded by kicking it away.
Alexander Zverev was similarly unimpressed by the location of the sponsored padding during his 6-4 4-6 6-4 triumph over Jan-Lennard Struff, throwing it to the side and having a request for them to be moved rejected by the umpire.
The world number four – who would have faced his brother had Mischa beaten Gasquet - later threw his racket into the ground and spat in the direction of the crowd, but he refocused and sent Struff tumbling out of the tournament.


text:
Q: return integer array from python to c++ I have the following code:
#include <include/python3.5m/Python.h>
#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION
#include "numpy/arrayobject.h"
#include<iostream>

int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
   PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pFunc, *pArray, *pReturn;
   Py_Initialize();
   import_array();
   npy_intp dims[2]={4, 8};
   double c_arr[4][8];

   for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
     for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
       c_arr[i][j] = i * 8 + j;

   pName = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault("pyFile");
   pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
   pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "pyFn");
   pArray = PyArray_SimpleNewFromData(2, dims, NPY_DOUBLE, reinterpret_cast<void*>(c_arr));
   pReturn = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(pFunc, pArray, NULL);
   PyArrayObject *np_ret = reinterpret_cast<PyArrayObject*>(pReturn);
   int *c_out = reinterpret_cast<int*>(PyArray_DATA(np_ret));

   for (int i = 0; i < PyArray_SHAPE(np_ret)[0]; i++)
     printf("%d ", c_out[i]);
   printf("\n");

   return 0;
}

The list [23,11,26,2] is returned by pyFn in pyFile.py as an array: np.array([23,11,26,2]).
When I run this code the output is:
23 0 11 0
I had the following questions:

*

*Why are the 0's appearing when C++ prints the array after casting it as an integer array? Should I cast c_out some other way?

*Why do I get the warning "converting to non-pointer type 'int' from NULL [-Wconversion-null] import_array()" when I compile the code?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Development of Long-span Aerial Cable Installation Technique (Long Hanger Method)
Katsuhisa Kawaguchi, Ryosuke Yasui, Ryoichi Kaneko,
Kunihiro Shimokubo, Kazutoshi Takamizawa,
and Yuji Aoyagi
We have developed a technique called the long hanger method for installing a long span aerial cable across, for example, a valley or river without using conventional methods that require special skills or installation tools. Our new method enables us to easily overlay or replace cables.
Keywords: long-span aerial cable installation, rural area, overlay/replace cables
When optical services were being developed for NTT EAST and NTT WEST, optical equipment was deployed throughout the country. Facilities were already adequate in most urban areas, so the development of rural areas was planned for the future. The environment in rural areas is different from that in urban areas in terms of the distances between NTT buildings and customer premises, as well as customer density. Therefore, we require components and installation methods that are suitable for rural environments. An example is the aerial cable installation technique used for 200- and 250-m long-span sections over valleys or rivers. Conventionally, we use a catenary method or a lashing method, but they give rise to the following two problems.
(1) Installation
The catenary method requires a special skill (the ability to do aerial work) for construction to be completed safely (Fig. 1). The lashing method requires a special tool (lashing machine). The widespread application of this tool ended decades ago, and it is now only required for long-span sections (Fig. 2). Today, few engineers have the skill required to do aerial work, and lashing machines that meet NTT specifications are no longer produced. Therefore, it will be difficult to continue using these methods in the future. In addition, the catenary method was used for cable restoration work after the Great East Japan Earthquake, and it took a long time to secure the required personnel and to conduct the preparatory work for building the facilities. Therefore, new technology is needed that can reduce the cable restoration time.
Fig. 1. Catenary method.
Fig. 2. Lashing method.
(2) Components
With these conventional methods, overlaying or replacing a cable takes an equivalent amount of time as that originally needed to install the same components because of the difficulty in installing an additional cable.
We have developed the long hanger method as a solution to these two problems.
2. New development concept
We first explain the problems regarding the catenary and lashing methods. The components used with the catenary method consist of two messenger wires (a main messenger wire and a sub-messenger wire), a cable, and cable rings (Fig. 3). It is necessary to do aerial work (i.e., to work in mid-air) using a specially designed apparatus when fixing the main messenger wire to a sub-messenger wire during the temporary installation of a cable, and when attaching cable rings. This is also the case when we install an additional cable, where we must remove and reattach cable rings individually. This means that it takes a long time to install an additional cable. Replacing the cable takes even more time because we have to remove the cable in addition to carrying out the above process.
Fig. 3. Equipment and installation using catenary method.
The lashing method was developed to eliminate the need for aerial work. The lashing method employs a messenger wire, a cable, and a lashing wire (Fig. 4). In the installation, we first place a lashing wire in a lashing machine and then fix a messenger wire and a cable in place with the lashing wire. The lashing machine can be used over a long-span section, so aerial work is not required. However, lashing machines that meet our specifications are no longer being produced, and therefore, we cannot continue to use this method. In addition, if we overlay a cable using the lashing method, it will be necessary to carry out the installation of a messenger wire, a cable, and a lashing wire as if it were a new installation, which would take a long time. Replacing the cable takes even more time because we have to remove the existing cable in addition to completing the above installation process. Our aim with the long hanger method was to employ the binding hanger used for conventional aerial sections and create a space in which we can overlay and remove cables freely without the need for aerial work or a special tool. We developed a safe installation technique for 250-m spans and highly reliable equipment that can be used in various environmental conditions such as strong winds.
Fig. 4. Equipment and installation using lashing method.
3. Required components
The components required for the long hanger method include a messenger wire, a binding hanger, and cables (Fig. 5). The role of the messenger wire is to support the load of all components as well as the load applied by wind pressure. The binding hanger creates a space in which we can freely overlay or remove cables. From several types of binding hangers, a cosine curve hanger (CCH) is used in this method because it can be coiled up compactly even if it is long. A stopper is used to fix the CCH to the messenger wire, which further improves the reliability (Fig. 6). This stopper prevents the CCH from moving away from the messenger wire and prevents cables from falling out of the CCH because the internal space of the CCH is enclosed. A self-supporting (SS) cable is used to prevent fiber movement and fiber strain.
Fig. 5. Equipment used in long hanger method.
Fig. 6. Stopper installation.
In a standard aerial section, we first install a messenger wire and then a CCH by pushing the CCH out along the messenger wire from a given pole. However, if we want to install a CCH in a log-span section, we cannot get it all the way over to the other pole because the friction against the messenger wire increases with a slack and steeply pitched messenger wire. Alternatively, when we pull a CCH from one side, it can be stretched as a result of the large tension. This reduces the internal space of the CCH and makes it impossible to overlay and replace cables.
With the long hanger method, we install a messenger wire and a CCH simultaneously. This approach reduces the tension on the CCH and makes it possible to get the CCH all the way over to the other side. The procedure is as follows:
(1) A light rope is first installed between the poles (the same process as in the conventional method).
(2) Two ropes are then installed between the poles by connecting them both to the first light rope and pulling it. (Fig. 7(a)).
Rope A: messenger wire
Rope B: SS cable
Wiring rings are used to lift rope B across a long span.
(3) A messenger wire and a CCH are installed by pulling rope A and adding stoppers (Fig. 7(b)). Rope B is fixed to the poles, and it prevents the messenger wire and CCH from falling down between the poles of the long span section. A conventional winch can be used for this process because rope B can reduce the tension needed to pull the messenger wire and the CCH.
(4) Tension is applied to the messenger wire, which is then fixed to the poles; a space has been included for freely overlaying and removing cables.
(5) An SS cable is installed by connecting it to rope B and then pulling on rope B (Fig. 7(c)).
(6) The SS cable is fixed to the poles.
Fig. 7. Installation using long hanger method.
5. Overlaying/replacing a cable
In a conventional aerial section, when we overlay or replace a cable, we use a wiring method that involves pushing a shuttle that carries the wire from one side and passing it through the CCH. However, we cannot use this approach in a long-span section because the shuttle falls from the CCH as a result of the large amount of slack. Therefore, we adopt an approach where a wire is installed at the same time the cable is first installed. In this way, we can pass the CCH through without fail and eliminate the later wiring process.
The long hanger method is highly versatile because the tools it requires—namely, ropes, a winch, and so on—are in general easily available. In addition, we confirmed the high reliability of the components used in this method, which is important since they are exposed to extremely windy environments with large temperature fluctuations. This method is scheduled to be introduced in 2014 by NTT EAST and NTT WEST. We will assist each company with its introduction.
Katsuhisa Kawaguchi
Research Engineer, NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories.
He received his B.E. and M.E. in information and electronic engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 2007 and 2009, respectively. He joined NTT in 2009 and moved to his current position in 2013. Since then, he has been engaged in the development of the optical access network.
Ryosuke Yasui
He received his B.E. and M.E. in information and electronic engineering from Hosei University, Tokyo, in 2008 and 2010, respectively. He joined NTT in 2010 and moved to his current position in 2012, where he has been engaged in developmental research on communication facilities with high resilience to disasters.
Ryoichi Kaneko
Senior Research Engineer, Second Promotion Project, NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories.
He received his B.E. in civil engineering from Tohoku-Gakuin University, Miyagi, in 1991. He joined NTT in 1991 and moved to NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories in 2010, where he conducted developmental research on optical closure technology. He is now with NTT EAST.
Kunihiro Shimokubo
He received the A.A in civil engineering from Kisarazu National College of Technology, Chiba, in 1988. He joined NTT in 1988 and moved to his current position in 2010. Since then, he has been conducting developmental research on communication facilities with high disaster resilience.
Kazutoshi Takamizawa
Senior Research Engineer, Supervisor, NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories.
He received his M.E. in electronic engineering from Shinshu University, Nagano, in 1987. He joined NTT in 1986 and moved to his current position in 2006. He has been working on developmental research focusing on optical access network systems.
Yuji Aoyagi
He received his B.E. in management engineering from Hosei University, Tokyo, in 1992. He joined NTT in 1992 and moved to his current position in 2011. Since then, he has been engaged in developmental research on optical access network systems.


text:
Q: Infimum of sequence which is a specific version of harmonic series Question. $y_{n}=\sum_{k=n}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k} \Longrightarrow \inf \lbrace y_{n} : \; n\in \mathbb{N}\rbrace =0 $
I tried to solve this question as follows. But after reviewing my answer ı get some trouble about $y_{1}=\infty$. I am not sure at the point of  $\lim_{n\to \infty} y_{n+1} =0$. Because for any $x\in \mathbb{R}$, $\infty-x=\infty$. so ı though that ı could not say $\lim_{n\to \infty} y_{n+1} =0$.
Answer.
Actually, this question says that we can make smaller this sequence than any positive real number. We know that the harmonic series  $y_{1}= \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k}$ is divergent. Let $S_{n}=\sum_{k=1}^{n} \frac{1}{k}$. So $\lim_{n\to \infty} S_{n}=y_{1}=\infty$. Let observe that $S_{n}=y_{1}-y_{n+1}$ for each $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Take limit as $n\to \infty $, then we get $y_{1}= \lim_{n\to \infty} S_{n}=\lim_{n\to \infty} (y_{1}-y_{n+1})= y_{1}- \lim_{n\to \infty} y_{n+1} \Longrightarrow \lim_{n\to \infty} y_{n+1} =0$. Now we can begin the proof. Let take any $n\in \mathbb{N}$. As $0\leq y_{n}$, then zero is a lower bound for $(y_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$. Let take any $\epsilon >0$. As $\lim_{n\to \infty} y_{n+1} =0$, then $\exists N\in \mathbb{N}$ such that $y_{N}<\epsilon$. Thus we find a term of sequence $(y_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ such that $y_{N}<\epsilon$. Thus $\inf \lbrace y_{n} : \; n\in \mathbb{N}\rbrace =0$

A: If $y_n=\sum_{k=n}^{\infty}\frac 1k$ converge,
$$
y_1=\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\frac 1k+y_n
$$
is also converge. So $y_n$ is always divergent series and the sequence $y_n$ cannot be defined.


text:
Databurst From the 501st
September 13, 2017 at 12:00 am | Posted in 501st, Charity, Conventions, Databurst From the 501st, Events, Star Wars | Leave a comment
Latest Databurst From the 501st covering 501st Legion event news from September 13 to 19th. As always, be sure to mark your calendars and support your local garrisons.
Southern Cross Garrison will be in Branxton for Bucks for Ben Community Day.
Central California Garrison will be in Sacramento, CA for Art Mix/Crocker-Con at the Crocker Art Museum from 5:00 to 9:00 PM.
Garrison Carida will be at Sewickley School for the Watson Institute visit.
Badlands Garrison will be in Saskatoon, SK for the Citizenship Ceremony at Saskatoon Expo 2017.
Central Garrison will be in Omaha, MN for Bear Creek at Apache Mall.
Garrison Carida will be in Harrisburg, PA for the Back to School Bash from 5:00 to 8:00 PM.
Garrison Excelsior will be in Rochester, NY for RocCon at Kodak's Theatre on the Ridge from September 15 to 17th.
Great Lakes Garrison will be in Grand Rapids, MI for GrandCon.
Nordic Garrison will be in Stockholm, Sweden for Comic Con Stockholm from September 15 to 17th.
Star Garrison will be in El Paso, TX for the Lundy PTA Family Picnic, in Lubbock, TX for Hub City Comic Con from September 15 to 17th, and in Houston, TX for Fandemic Tour from September 15 to 17th.
70th Explorers Garrison will be in St. Peters, MO for Day of Play at Barnes Jewish Hospital from 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM, and in Manhattan, KS for the St. Jude Toy Drive at Manhattan City Park from 11:00 AM to 3:00 PM.
Austrian Garrison will be in Hungary for Hungarocon from September 16 to 17th.
Badlands Garrison will be in Saskatoon, SK for Saskatoon Comic & Entertainment Expo 2017, in Calgary, AB for Stampeder's Kids Day at McMahon Stadium, in Edmonton, AB for McLeod Community League Day, and in Lloydminster, AB for Big Day Out at Home Hardware.
Bast Alpha Garrison will be in Lafayette, LA for Louisiana Comic Con.
Carolina Garrison will be in Greenville, SC for the PRAI SC Walk at Legacy Park from 8:00 to 10:30 AM.
Central Garrison will be in Sioux City, IA for Acme Comics Star Wars Mini-Con, in Cedar Rapids, IA for the HOPEwalk at Robbins Lake, and in Sioux Falls, SD for the Buddy Walk at Sertoma Park from 9:30 to 11:30 AM.
Central California Garrison will be in Fresno, CA for the Fresno Philharmonic Presents The Music of John Williams at the William Saroyan Theatre from 6:30 to 10:00 PM.
Connecticut Garrison will be in East Hartford, CT for The Green 'Gala'xy at the Connecticut Science Center from 6:30 to 10:00 PM.
Garrison Carida will be in Pittsburgh, PA for the 2nd Annual Community Mutt Strut at Frick Park from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM, in Rehoboth Beach, DE for the Eastern Shore Take Steps Walk for Crohn's and Colitis at Rehoboth Beach Bandstand from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM, in Lansdale, PA for the Powerhouse Putt Jr. from 10:30 AM to 12:30 PM, in Chambersburg, PA for the Autism Awareness Fair from 11:00 AM to 12:00 PM, in Ashley, PA for K-9 Against Crime at Ashley Fireman's Hall from 2:30 to 5:30 PM, and in Harrisburg, PA for the Harrisburg City Islanders at FNB Field from 5:30 to 8:30 PM.
Garrison Titan will be in Renton, WA for Renton City Comicon from September 16 to 17th.
Georgia Garrison will be in Savannah, GA for the 1st Annual Toraya Jai Garvin CURE Childhood Cancer 5K at Oglethorpe Mall from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM, in Loganville, GA for Abate GA District 5 American Legion 1st Annual Chili Cook-off from noon to 2:00 PM, and in Alpharetta, GA for Star Wars & More: The Music of John Williams at Verizon Amphitheatre from 7:00 to 10:00 PM.
Great Lakes Garrison will be in Clinton Township, MI for Families Exploring Down Syndrome Walk, in Grand Rapids, MI for the Walk to End Alzheimer's, in Monroe, MI for Monroe Comic Con, and in Detroit, MI for Tiger's Star Wars Night.
Japanese Garrison will be in Fukuo City for Yokota Base Japan-US Friendship Festival from September 16 to 17th.
Midwest Garrison will be in Wheaton, IL for the DuPage County Sheriff's Office Safety Fair, and in Morton, IL for the Pumpkin Festival Parade.
New England Garrison will be in Somerville, MA for Ladies Con.
Northern Darkness Garrison will be in Plymouth, IN for the 4th Annual Autism Walk at Riverpark Square.
Northeast Remnant Garrison will be in Secaucus, NJ for Heroes & Villains Fan Fest at Meadowlands Exposition Center from September 16 to 17th, and in Long Branch, NJ for the Autism Walk at Great Lawn from 10:00 AM to noon.
Old Line Garrison will be in Poolesville, MD for the National Drive Electric Week Poolesville Day at Poolesville Green from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM, and in North East, MD for Paws in the Park at North East Community Park from 11:30 AM to 1:30 PM.
Outer Rim Garrison will be in Nanaimo, BC for M-Con 2017 at the Vancouver Island Conference Center from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM.
Rancor Raiders Garrison will be in Memphis, TN for Memphis Comic Expo at the Agricenter from September 16 to 17th.
Redback Garrison will be in Hervey Bay for the graduation escort, at the Bribie Island State School Carnival and at Pine Rivers Dog Training Club Family Fun Day.
Southern California Garrison will be in Corona, CA for Star Wars Day at the Corona Library from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM, and in Wilmington, CA for the Fall Into Literacy Children's Book Festival at the Phinease Banning Museum from 10:00 AM to 2:00 PM.
Spanish Garrison will be in Almeria for I Jornada de Videojuegos from 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM, in Cuarte de Huerva, Zaragoza for Solidarity Days of Donation of Blood from 11:00 AM to 1:30 PM, in Tarragona for Marathon of Donation of Blood from 11:00 AM to 7:00 PM, in Barcelona for International Alzheimer Day from noon to 7:00 PM, in Sevilla for XI Conference of Role and Table Games from 4:00 to 8:00 PM, in Alcoy, Alacant for Red Cross Food Collection from 5:00 to 8:00 PM, in Zaragoza for Zarapeluda 2017, and in Madrid for Freak Wars from September 16 to 17th.
Star Garrison will be at the Big Brothers Big Sisters 11th Annual Big Picnic at Flower Mound, in Rosenberg, TX for Fall Fun Fest, and at the Dallas Comic Show from September 16 to 17th.
Timberline Garrison will be in Indian Creek, ID for the Indian Creek Festival from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM, and in Idaho Falls, ID for the Idaho Falls Senior Citzens Center Fundraiser from 11:00 AM to 2:00 PM.
UK Garrison will be in Leeds for Candlelighters Childhood Cancer Awareness Month Street Collection at Leeds Marriott Hotel from 11:00 AM to 2:30 PM, in Northampton for FanZone Comic Con from September 16 to 17th, in Stockport for Family Fun Day at Hazel Grove High School from noon to 5:00 PM, and in Paignton for the White Rock Festival from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM.
70th Explorers Garrison will be in Shawnee, KS for the Johnson County Park Palooza 2017 at Shawnee Mission Park Theatre from 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
Badlands Garrison will be in Calgary, AB for the United Way Plane Pull.
Bast Alpha Garrison will be in Houma, LA for Terrebonne Comic Con.
Central Garrison will be in Papillion, NE for A SHARP Race Toward Brain Aneurysm Awareness at Werner Park.
Central California Garrison will be in Reno, NV for the 2017 Northern Nevada Heart and Stroke Walk/5K Run at Wingfield Park from 8:00 AM to 11:00 PM.
Garrison Carida will be in Pittsburgh, PA for the Pittsburgh Apraxia Walk from 9:00 AM to 12:00 PM, and in Fairless Hills, PA for Dog Days of Summer from 1:00 to 3:00 PM.
Garrison Titan will be in Seattle, WA for the MDA Puget Sound Muscle Walk at Jefferson Park from 9:00 AM to 1:00 PM, and in Puyallup, WA for the Washington State Fair from 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM.
Georgia Garrison will be in Johns Creek, GA for FashionSpeaks on the Creek at Johns Creek High School from 4:00 to 5:30 PM.
Golden Gate Garrison will be in Sunnyvale, CA for the Magic Bridge Playground Fundraiser at Fair Oaks Park from 1:00 to 5:00 PM.
Northeast Remnant Garrison will be in North Arlington, NJ for Get Health for Hope from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM.
Ohio Garrison will be in Parma, OH for the Pecpta 3rd Annual Touch a Truck at University Hospitals Parma Health Education Center from noon to 5:00 PM.
Old Line Garrison will be in Washington D.C. for Cure Fest for Childhood Cancer at the National Mall from 11:00 AM to 2:00 PM, and in Annapolis, MD for the 9-11 Heroes Run at Navy Marine Corps Memorial Stadium from noon to 4:00 PM.
Southern California Garrison will be in San Fernando, CA for the Walk to End Alzheimer's from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM.
UK Garrison will be in Essex for Dollie-Raie's Celebrity Fun Day at Clacton Football Club from noon to 4:00 PM, in St. Clears for Morgan's Fight Fun Day at St. Clears Leisure Centre from 1:00 to 6:00 PM, in Ryde for the Relay for Life Isle of Wight at Smallbrook Stadium from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM, and in Ashton-Under-Lyne for Tameside Hospital Community Open Day from 11:00 AM to 3:00 PM.
Next Databurst…September 20th.
*If you didn't see the events listed for your garrison, send us an email at roqoodepot(at)gmail.com and let us know. We're glad to add any we missed. For more info on the 501st Legion, be sure to check out their official website.


May 17(Reuters) - British power grid operator National Grid Plc's full-year profit rose 3.5 percent, helped by growth in its U.S. business.
Underlying operating profit rose to 3.5 billion pounds ($4.74 billion) for the year ended March 31, from 3.4 billion pounds a year earlier.
The company expects growth of at least 7 percent in the near term.


MEDINAH, Illinois -- The family of a Medinah, Illinois, couple says the arc of their two lives showed that they were meant for each other in this life and the next.
Bob and Ruth Kretschmer died within minutes of each other Friday, just five days after celebrating their 71st wedding anniversary, according to the Daily Herald.
After Ruth passed away, Bob asked why everyone was crying? Then he also passed away.


text:
Q: How to convert array of tags as text wrappers from js code to vue? I have this js code:
var tags = [
    'b',
    'i'
    'u',
];

var text = 'some simple text';

tags.forEach(tag => {
    text = '<' + tag + '>' + text + '</' + tag + '>';
});

//print wrapped "text" variable on the page (Upd:) like: Some text

How to convert this to vue component/template?

A: You have two options:

*

*Use Your function to generate html code and then simply put result in v-html
  Docs: https://v2.vuejs.org/v2/guide/syntax.html#Raw-HTML

*Use dynamic components like this https://jsfiddle.net/Herteby/ffe5rban/  Docs: https://v2.vuejs.org/v2/guide/components.html#Dynamic-Components
In Your case first option is better choice. Dynamics components are actually designed for Vue components, not raw html tags - but it's possible to use them this way if You really need to.

A: Create a computed property called tagged and render it inside the template using v-html directive :

var app=new Vue({
  el: "#app",

  data() {
    return {
      text: "some text"
    };
  },
  computed: {
    tagged() {
      var tags = [
        'b',
        'i',
        'u',
      ];
      tags.forEach(tag => {
        this.text = '<' + tag + '>' + this.text + '</' + tag + '>';
      });

      return this.text;

    }
  }

})

Second solution is to create a component with the 3 tags and pass the text as prop :

Vue.component('bui-tag', {
  props: ['text'],
  template: `<b><u><i>{{text}}</i></u></b>`
})

var app = new Vue({
  el: "#app",

  data() {
    return {
      text: "some text"
    };
  },
  computed: {
    tagged() {
      var tags = [
        'b',
        'i',
        'u',
      ];
      tags.forEach(tag => {
        this.text = '<' + tag + '>' + this.text + '</' + tag + '>';
      });

      return this.text;

    }
  }

})

  <bui-tag :text="text" />

A: The acceptability of v-html depends on the source of markup data. It shouldn't be used with unsanitized, user-defined HTML, doing this is dangerous and may result in script injections.
This is the case for render function, it allows to build a hierarchy of tags that will be rendered into DOM elements:
export default {
  render(h) {
    return tags.reduceRight(
      (wrapper, tag) => h(tag, [wrapper]),
      text
    );
  }
};


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For an online conversion, upload TIFF. How to Convert a File Into PDF.
Your download will start after.
I' m using Ghostscript to convert my PDF files to JPEGs with Ghostscript which works great. For my output images I' m using % 03d in the file name, so the file names come out 001, 002. and so on according to the page numbers.
But i want in some case the numbers to start from an higher number.
for PDF and HTML Conversion. for Image Manipulation. PEERNET Document Conversion Service 3.
PEERNET Document Conversion Service is a high- volume batch document converter that can convert a multitude of document types to vector or raster PDF, and to TIFF, JPEG, PNG and other various image ( picture) formats. As you see, the above C# programming example shows how to load a PDF file at local disk and convert it to JPG/ JPEG image files.


Alan Stern - April 15, 2019, 5:19 p.m.
last one) must have a length divisible by the bulk maxpacket size.
created by the block layer rather than setting up its own.
does not have full SG support.
a 512-byte packet, and this overruns the first SG buffer.
Ideally this would be fixed by adding better SG support to vhci-hcd.
the use of the virt_boundary_mask.
-	 * values no larger than 512.
-	 * will require changes to the block layer.
+	 * power of 2.  Inform the block layer about this requirement.
+	 * Some host controllers may have alignment requirements.
+	 * We'll play it safe by requiring 512-byte alignment always.


text:
The Effect of Urban Redevelopment Induced Displacement and Resettlement on Social Capital in Ethiopia
Endalew Terefe Alene
posted 26 Oct, 2021
City transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa by its nature require massive physical space to accommodate urban development. Accordingly, urban redevelopment program is taken place in many old inner-city settlements to increase the supply of land for commercial and residential development. To this end, these practice often lead to displacement of residents from their original location which in turn affects their livelihoods. The trend and situation of urban development program in Ethiopia and Gondar city is no exception. To this end, this paper assess the effects of urban redevelopment induced displacement and resettlement on social capital in Gondar city. To achieve the objective of the research, a questionnaire survey covering 147 displaced households with interview and field observation was carried out. The findings highlight that, though resettlement has positive effects to the people, the displaced households in Gondar city were lost their neighborhood ties and social networks such as Idir, Equb, Mahiber and Senbetie in their new location. In addition, they also endures several adverse impacts on their basic infrastructure facilities. Therefore, government should understand the social capital impacts in both pre and post relocation phases to improve and strength the displaced households social networks and relationships throughout the entire resettlement process.
City Management and Urban Policy
Urban Redevelopment Induced Displacement
Urbanization is a necessary process for the development of an economy of a nation. However, as the urbanization process continues to accelerate, the demand for land by capital, technology, and other production factors is increasing, making limited urban land resources scarcer (Jin, Chin, Yu, & Zhang, 2020). Therefore, on the one hand, cities will inevitably acquire land from rural areas. On the other hand, the city must redevelop its outdated areas to make better use of its existing land. As a matter of fact, urban redevelopment generally leads to the reconstruction of the built environment and the relocation of original residents, which leads to substantial weakening of existing neighborhood attachment and neighborly relationships (Julianna, 2014). Extensive evidences shows that, in several cities of Ethiopia urban redevelopment projects are increasingly implemented to achieve multiple and varied goals including eradicating unplanned settlements, improving the quality of urban housing stocks, and more generally improving the urban living environments (Abebe, 2013). In this context, these projects will certainly improve the lives of many people, however the "involuntary displacements caused by such projects also creates major impositions on some population segments", as stated by Cernea (1997). Moreover, the non-material impacts may be even greater, including human rights violations, deep fractures in social structures, networks and ties, threats to cultural identity and health, and destruction of social capital (Gebrie, 2016).
So as to assess the effects of urban redevelopment induced displacement on social capital of displaced households, a detailed and regular study at country, city, and neighborhood level is important to provide result-oriented and sustainable support to the affected households (Abebe, 2013; Gebre, 2014; Wayessa, 2020; Woldeyesus, 2017). With reference to this, small number of studies has been carried out in different parts of the country to assess the urban development induced displacement and its impact of the livelihood assets of the displaced households. This includes the studies made by Abebe (2013); Ambaye & Abeliene (2015); Gebre (2014); Gebreegziabher (2014); Gebrie (2016); Teddla (2008); and Woldeyesus (2017) to mention a few. However, these studies discuss effects of urban development induced displacement on livelihood assets. More importantly, these findings suggested that there are various impacts of development induced displacement on the economic, social and psychological impacts which calls for genuine consultation and participation of displaces involving NGOs, Civil societies, human right institutions, judicial reviews of displacement process and closer relocation sites for displaced households. In addition, these studies also provide neither consistent finding nor address the effects of urban development induced displacement in the country. They tried to assess development induced displacement and its impact on relocated households in Ethiopia. So far, to the best of the researcher's knowledge, too limited studies were conducted on the effects of urban redevelopment induced displacement on social capitals of displaced households. To this end, a study conducted by Mekonnen (2019) that assessed development induced displacement of urban dwellers in Addis Ababa: an implication for rebuilding social capital by using mixed research method which includes qualitative and quantitative research approach. This study incorporated only the role of the government to rebuild social capital and factors that affect social capital in development induced displacement areas to explore development induced displacement impact on social capital ignoring the detrimental social effects of urban redevelopment include loss of community cohesion, forced relocation or displacement of original inhabitants, and lower social ties among neighbors which discussed in the literature.
In the same vein, apart from the Ethiopian context, previous studies have been carried out in different parts of the world to assess the effects of urban redevelopment induced displacement on social capitals. However, evidences in developed and developing countries revealed inconclusive findings with regard to the impacts of redevelopment program. Although the impact and magnitude of urban development induced displacement vary from country to country, city to city, and neighborhood to neighborhood, there are many common social asset indicators that considered as development induced displacement impact on social capital in literature of urban development induced displacement. To mention few, dispersion and fragmentation of communities, dismantles patterns of social organization and interpersonal ties and scattering of kinship groups are among others More specifically, loss of existing community-based mutual help and support, loss of customer-seller networks, loss of community-based saving groups. In this context, these social asset indicators were collected from studies made by Bhattacharya, Mal, Tripathy, Mandal, & Ghosh (2013); Jin et al. (2020); Julianna (2014); Kaviarasu, Dinesh, & Cruz (2019); Kim, Marcouiller, & Choi (2019); Ying Liu, Geertman, Oort, & Lin (2018); Yuqi Liu, Wu, Liu, & Li (2017); Majrashi (2017); Markoç & Çinar (2018); Nikuze, Sliuzas, & Flacke (2020); Shaw & Saharan (2019); Tran (2015); and Vanclay (2017) through systematic review. Therefore, the above evidences suggests the following reasons why additional research in the area of urban redevelopment induced displacement and resettlement is needed in the context of Ethiopia in general and Gondar city in particular as one of an emerging urban center of the country.
Accordingly, the first reason is urban redevelopment induced displacement have an impact on social assets of the displaced households; even the redevelopment program have positive socio-economic benefits for the relocated households in Ethiopia, but the negative impact is still significant and impacts are differ from program to program. If so, the urban redevelopment displacement effect in Gondar city are no exception to this. Secondly, despite the fact that previous empirical studies of different countries have identified the common effects of urban redevelopment displacement on social capital, the influence and magnitude of each effect on the relocated households social capital vary from one area to the other which provide inconsistent findings that cannot be generalized and needs further research. Lastly, in the context of Ethiopia, all existing studies on the impacts of urban redevelopment induced displacement are concentrated on the livelihood assets only in Addis Ababa city and so far no study is conducted particularly in the selected case study area which leads the researcher to conduct this study to fill the gap on the issue specifically concentrated on the social capital and infrastructural challenges.
As a result, against this background, the purpose of this study was to the effect of urban redevelopment induced displacement on social capital in Gondar city of Northwest Ethiopia. The novelty of this paper is that it concentrated on the social assets and infrastructural challenges of the displaced households so as to fill the gap in the urban development induced displacement literature in developing countries unlike the existing studies made by Mekonnen (2019). Most importantly, this paper tried to answer the question of what are the effects of urban redevelopment induced displacement on social capital and what are the major infrastructural challenges that face displaced households from homesteads in Gondar city using quantitative and qualitative data with field observation. This paper proceeds as follows; first, it discusses review of related literature. Second, it describes the methodology of the study. Third, it discusses and presents the quantitative and qualitative data and finally, it present conclusion of the study.
Literature Review: Concepts of Urban redevelopment and social capital
Urban redevelopment is a land redevelopment process which helps to regenerate an aging area. This process often involves demolition of old building structures relocation of businesses and people. It also brings new urban designs and new concepts to the target redevelopment zones; it redefines what "Up-to-standard" means to both the general public and the people living in the redevelopment zones (Julianna, 2014).
Urban redevelopment also helps to maintain a suitable balance among the social, environmental, economic and cultural aspects to make sure all these dimensions are working harmoniously to enhance the sustainability of the redevelopment zones. Every move made during the redevelopment process of a zone brings about positive and negative impacts on the people, environment, economy and existing social linkage (Julianna, 2014).
Urban redevelopment induced displacement is not just about the loss of households or land, its having varied dimensions. As the policy makers often pay less attention to the community profile and related needs of the community life of the population, the uprooting and planting of the life again in new place often ends up unforeseen losses. The losses includes in the areas of socio-economic and cultural living. Its effects on the livelihood and infrastructure aspects of the people were not effectively addressed by the government or corporate sector. However, in relation with the broken social ties and cultural practices, this policies are deaf and dumb to meet the intangible losses. It's a stunning fact from many of the studies and experiences that the loss of social capital and social cohesion is common in redevelopment displacement (Nikuze, Sliuzas, & Flacke, 2020).
According to Yuqi Liu et al. (2017) urban redevelopment generally leads to the reconstruction of the built environment and the relocation of original residents, which leads to substantial weakening of existing neighborhood attachment and neighborly relationships. For example, a survey carried out in Sarigol, Istanbul, Turkey indicated that those forced to relocate due to urban regeneration projects had little attachment to their new neighborhoods and suffered from the loss of their original social ties (Markoç & Çinar, 2018). Another survey conducted in Guangzhou, China showed that those who moved back to their previous neighborhoods after redevelopment suffered from a sense of disorientation and isolation (Yuqi Liu et al., 2017). Moreover, the detrimental effect of urban redevelopment appears to vary among different social groups in low-income neighborhoods; after the large-scale redevelopment, resettled residents are more likely than newly arrived residents to be subject to social disturbance (Nikuze et al., 2020). While resettled residents tend to have little contact with new residents as they still rely on former neighborly relations for social support, new residents rarely seek social support through either current or former neighborly relationships (Ambaye & Abeliene, 2015).
The effect of urban redevelopment induced displacement on social capital in Ethiopia
Social organizations are established by community on the basis of common norms and values for a common purpose. These community organization have long history and practice regularly in Ethiopia to increase social networks and solve societal problems. Some of the community organization that regularly practiced are Iddir, Ekub, Senbetie, Mahber and others. The presence and participation of individuals in these community organizations are essential to strengthen and build social capital (Ejigu & Abraha, 2018).
Extensive evidences revealed that in developing countries the displacement and resettlement of people and business form their original location is mainly through urban redevelopment. In this sense, the displaced communities are lost their locational advantages of accessing social services like education, health services, electricity, water and transportation that linked with the original settlement (Admassu, 2018). On the other context, development induced displacement in general have impacted displaced community to landlessness, homelessness, joblessness, marginalization, food insecurity, increased morbidity and mortality, loss of access to common property and social disintegration (M. M. Cernea, 1995).
Equivalently with other livelihood assets, social capital has affected by development induced displacement. To this end, one of the predominant results of displacement and relocation is the disintegration of the existing social bounds of the community. Ejigu & Abraha (2018) observed that relocation of communities' form their original place in Addis Ababa was done based on the authority's willingness only through random patterns without considering the social issues of a neighborhood. They further stated that such resettlement scheme was disintegration of basic social institution and neighborhood ties. Moreover, previous researchers have found that social capital has a great contributions to make individual livelihood safe through increases the exchange of information, material, goods and services among the people. On the other context, a study by Abebe (2013); Gebrie (2016); Hosaena (2020); Hussen & Kibret (2018); and Tarekegn (2013) conducted in Addis Ababa reported that urban development induced displacement has often brought breakup of the existing neighborhood ties following displacement from their original place. In addition, a study conducted by Robinson (2003) pointed out that displacement may destroy existing patterns of social networks and togetherness due to people are separated. On the contrary, Nikuze, Sliuzas, Flacke, & Maarseveen (2019) reported that social disintegration can also occurred even when the affected people are still living in the same neighborhood.
It is obvious that urban centers need well organized and planned system of different infrastructures and social services to serve the nearby and surrounding communities. As a result, the communities regularly need infrastructures such as education, health services, electricity, water, transport and so on. On the other side, urban redevelopment have an impact on the infrastructure accessibility and occupational change of the displaced people. Accordingly, Ambaye & Abeliene (2015); Ejigu & Abraha (2018); Gebre (2014); Hosaena (2020) and Nikuze et al. (2019) pointed out access to transport, education, water, health services and sewerage system are serious challenges in the new settlement area.
The study was conducted in Ethiopia by taking Gondar city as a case study. The city is one of the regio-politan city of Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. The city absolute geographical location is between 12o36' North latitude and 37o28' East longitude and has an average elevation of 2201m above the sea level. Topographically, the city to large extent lie on a semi-flat plain and also surrounded on three sides by a crown of 3,000 meter high mountains. The city is one of the oldest and currently the fastest growing urban center in Ethiopia. According to the Central Statistical Agency (CSA), the current number of population of the city is projected to be 475,452 in 2019 (Fig. 1).
Research Design and Sample size determination
It is obvious that the researcher should choose the best research design based on the need and purpose of the study to achieve research objectives (Cresswell, 2014). Accordingly, by considering purpose of the research, method of data collection, time dimension, and research approach, a researcher could choose its best fit research design (Bhattacherjee, 2012). As a result, the current study employed descriptive cross-sectional survey research design with primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected by structured questionnaire; and secondary data were collected from the literature review and other secondary data sources. Furthermore, a two-stage random sampling technique was used to select sample respondents in the study area. In the first stage, Azezzo-Tseda sub-city was purposively selected to conduct the study since this sub-city is an area of redevelopment project is practiced and a large number of people are displaced due to the redevelopment project. The number of displaced people in the sub-city was 530. In the second stage, the total sample size was determined using formula provided by (C.R. Kothari, 2004) to determine the required sample size at 95% confidence level and with 0.03% level of error (Eq. 1):
Where N =Size of total population =530; n = size of sample; e = acceptable error (0.05); z =standard variant a given confidence level (1.96) 95% confidence; p = (0.05) population proportion; and q = 1-p (1-0.05=0.95). Therefore, using the above formula the calculated number of sample size is 147. Besides, respondents were randomly selected from the sub-city based on the sub-city roster used as a sampling frame.
Data sources and Methodology
This study was applied mixed research technique. Accordingly, a structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 147 displaced households. In the other side, for qualitative method, semi-structured interview were conducted to collect data. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with five experts (surveyor, sub-city manager, urban planner, land administration, micro and small enterprise) and two (male and female) affected households in the sub-city administration who were deliberately chosen because it was believed that they had good knowledge in the redevelopment program effects and ability to articulate the effects of redevelopment program on resettled households, particularly on infrastructural challenges, occupational and neighborhood changes in the sub-city. Descriptive statistical methods for quantitative data such as frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the information on respondents' responses, whereas the interviews were analyzed using narrative analysis techniques. Moreover, Observation was conducted in order to complement information obtained from household survey and key informant interviews.
Socio-demographic characteristics of sample respondents
The survey was distributed 147 questionnaires in the sub-city and all respondents returned a completed questionnaire (100% response rate). Accordingly, as indicated in Table 1 data were collected from 147 displaced households of which 49% were females, 62.6% were married with 61.2% have four or fewer family members, 84.4% were aged from 30-65 years, and 38.1% have a reading and writing skill only.
Socio-demographic characteristics of sample respondents (N=147)
Socio-demographic Variables
Specific indicators
Age (in years)
Unable to read and write
Reading and writing skill only
Elementary school (1-8 grade)
High school (9-12 grade)
College and above
Single (not married)
Source: Survey result, 2021
Reasons of Displacement
responses obtained from the key informants revealed that the main reason for the resettlement of households were due to infrastructure and market center development. For example, the sub-city manager said that "we resettled the households with their consent for the sake of infrastructure development such as road, solid and liquid waste disposal site and education center and for market center development in the sub-city kebeles." Another elder interviewee (male, 65 years aged) responded as follows
… We are not happy to resettle into the new settlement site by the urban redevelopment program specifically for infrastructure and market center development, though the aim of the program is to improve many people's lives, provide employment, and supply better services.
In the same vein, responses obtained from the survey indicated similar result with the interview. More importantly, among the displaced households who filled in the questionnaire, 81 of them responded that the reason for displacement was for market center development (Table 2). Furthermore, the result also confirmed by field observation. This finding is consistent with the findings of Aboda, Mugagga, Byakagaba, & Nabanoga (2019) who reported that the cause of displacement in urban area is due to large scale development projects such as urban development and transportation projects. Moreover, this study finding is also consistent with the findings of (Vanclay, 2017).
Causes of Displacement (N=147)
Causes for displacement
Market center development
Infrastructure Challenges
It is obvious that urban redevelopment program always leads to displacement of existing residents. If so, provision of basic infrastructure services are mandatory for the displaced peoples. However, in many sub-Saharan Africa countries resettlement process was implemented without the development of infrastructures (Gebreegziabher, 2014). Accordingly, responses obtained from the majority (78.9%, 71.6%, 71.4%, and 82.4%) study participants respectively revealed that health services, water supply, education services, and transportation services were far in distance from their new location as compared to the previous settlement area (Table 3). This implies that displaced households are encountered a problem accessing of basic infrastructure facilities in their new location. Similarly, responses obtained from key informants was confirmed the survey result. For example, the displaced women (60 years old) said that "there was a huge difference between health and education services in my previous and current settlement. I cannot access hospital in a short distance at the new residence, but previously my home is at the inner city and I can access hospital and other health station services easily in my residence." On the other context, data about accessibility of education facilities for children of the relocated households revealed that they were encountered shortage of schools for their children in their new residence. This was supported by the following quote of elder male interviewee, age 65. "In my previous residence I can send my children to different schools because we had various options. The schools were also found relatively near to our homes. However, in the new settlement we have very limited options and a few available schools are located at distant areas." It is also confirmed by field observation. In line with this, the current study is consistent with the research findings of (Ambaye & Abeliene, 2015; Ejigu & Abraha, 2018; Gebreegziabher, 2014; Hussen & Kibret, 2018; Nikuze et al., 2019).
Basic infrastructure facilities in the new location comparing to the previous residence (N=147)
Health care service
Very far
Loss of Social Capital
As it is clearly indicated in the literature, urban redevelopment induced displacement caused destruction of social networks or neighborhood ties of the displaced households. Extensive evidences revealed that neighborhood ties were not take in account by the concerned authorities of the redevelopment program during the process of resettlement (Ambaye & Abeliene, 2015; Mekonnen, 2019). In this context, responses obtained from survey participants revealed that pervious and long lasting neighborhood ties is completely disintegrated in the new settlement. For example, nearly all of the study participants lost their neighborhood ties due to relocation. In the other side, 95.2% of participants also lost their social network such as Idir, Equb, Mahiber and Sebete (Table 4). This finding further supported by the responses obtained from key informants. In this regard, a response from 37 years old young man which was taken from the interview supports the above result. "There were so many people around me in the previous residence and I had strong attachment with them. However, during the resettlement all those friends and others whom I know were resettled to different sites. All previous social organizations such as Idir, Equb, Mahiber and Senbete are disintegrated. I found it so difficult to carry out my life without having my previous social networks." Furthermore, a woman with 60 years old responded the relocation program was not separated only our neighbors but also it separated my families. Now it is difficult to live without the family members and I lost different family supports due to the resettlement program. This implies that forced displacement breaking up the existing social fabric. It separated and disintegrated communities, destructs patterns of social organization and interpersonal ties; friend and families become disperses as well. Mutual supports with each other as a valuable social capital are destructs. This results also the loss of human, natural, physical and financial livelihood capitals. As many evidences reported that the loss of social capital is not give consideration by any development induced displacement program. If so, social disarticulation has long term impact on the displaced people which need the attention of government before making decision for relocating people from their original location. This finding is consistent with the research findings of (Aboda et al., 2019; Ambaye & Abeliene, 2015; M. M. Cernea, 2009; Ejigu & Abraha, 2018; Hussen & Kibret, 2018; Yuqi Liu et al., 2017; Markoç & Çinar, 2018; Nikuze et al., 2019).
Social network disintegration of the displaced households
Lost neighborhood ties
Lost social networks (Idir, Ekub, Mahiber and Senbetie)
Extensive evidences shows that in the 21st century the spatial extent of urban centers are growing faster than their population with consuming of more land for urban development. As a result, to acquire more land for urban development, many urban centers are implementing different urban redevelopment program on outdated areas to make better use its existing land as well as accessing of more land. With reference to this, urban redevelopment program in cities of fast growing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by displacing of many urban population from their original location. Accordingly, this study has provided insights into the effects of such urban redevelopment induced displacement process on social capitals and infrastructural challenges of affected households in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. In this context, this findings strengthened the arguments that resettlement of population due to urban redevelopment program is a complex process that caused various negative social impact on the affected displaced households. To this end, this study found that the relocated households were lost their social capital due to the urban redevelopment program. Specifically, it breaking up neighborhood ties and social organizations such as Idir, Equb, Mahiber and Senbetie. In addition, they also encountered a problem accessing of basic infrastructure facilities such as health care, water supply, education and road services in their new location.
Social capital which was built for many years in the previous residence is always in relocates heart. Missing this neighborhood ties makes them to consider as they are loneliness and strange. The findings of this study, therefore, suggest that the national government and city administration should consider the social network of the households before making decision to displace them and try to resettle them together per their previous relationships. In the other side, providing basic infrastructure services to the displaced households is the responsibility of the authorized body. However, as evidences shows that most of the resettlement program is implemented without providing of basic infrastructures services such as health care services, water supply, education services, road services and so on. Most relocation sites are found very far from the center of the city which needs travelling of long distance to access the basic infrastructure services. To this end, the concerned authorized bodies should construct and fulfilled those basic infrastructures to the displaced household before they decide to resettle the households from their original location. It also needs the collaboration of stakeholders and developers to provide infrastructures to the affected households.
I have carried out all the whole works of the study. I designed the study research design, carried out the field work, document analysis, literature work, manuscript draft and editorial. The author, Endalew Terefe, personally undertook this study. The author also read and approved the final manuscript.
Department of Development and Environmental Management Studies, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
I would like to thank the research participants who are lived in Azezzo-Tseda-sub city for their willingness to give information to the research question.
The author declare that there is no competing interests.
Availability of the data and materials
The data is included in the manuscript. The quantitative data analyzed in the current study are not publicly available due to confidentiality reasons, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Not applicable since this research did not involve human subject.
I have agreed to submit for Journal of Global Social Welfare and approved the manuscript for submission.
This study was conducted by the Author finance only. There is no any financial support from any organization.
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Paragon Instructor Certification Program C.I.S.
For many of us, Sporting Clays – along with all the other clay target disciplines – is about hitting the target. The "not missing" part – that pretty much applies to all the shooting sports. The problems begin when we miss.
Too often, and unfortunately, missing ends up being more than just a problem. A miss becomes a distraction. A distraction that frustrates and usually discourages. All understandable. These emotions can be temporary, or worse, hang around for a while, predictably creating more missing and lowering scores.
Years ago, mining my way to becoming an All American, yours truly has been there, done that. More times than I care to remember. Having been around this missing phenomenon for a while, I now look at missing differently. This difference is attributable to my decades of observing the consequences – the shooters suffering from their emotional reactions – quickly followed by yet another miss. These exasperating consequences, however, can very much be avoided – if we adopt a different mindset towards missing.
We start by considering that missing isn't the real problem. It's how a shooter responds to the miss – that's the problem. We can engage the miss – start all the self-blaming – and watch our score go down in flames. Or – we can remember why we are standing here – take what we learn from the miss and use it to break the next target. It's a choice. A choice we have control over. One choice adds more 0's to our scorecard. The other choice – more X's. There's a Truth. Good or bad, depending on how you look at it, each of those outcomes happen in a hurry.
As a very busy Instructor and Coach, I teach that every single target missed is a genuine opportunity to learn why we missed. So we can immediately "self-correct" and break the very next target. Predictably. Dependably. A fleeting opportunity we can't let slip through our fingers. And it will if we aren't using the miss to our advantage. A miss, BTW, is inevitable and will, in some way, affect our next shot. With the right mindset – being prepared for when that miss happens – moves us a whole lot closer to the next X. It does this by taking us completely around all the unnecessary irritation and self-pity that too often accompanies the miss. Missing is something we may have difficulty controlling, but how we respond to that miss is something we can (and should) control.
Many folks shoot thousands of rounds down range for recreation. All perfectly acceptable, if entertainment is the goal? However, if improvement in on the agenda, running in a circle thousands of times won't get us to Cleveland. To measurably move our shooting skills forward will require adding the basics – along with some patience and self-discipline. Sports, business, the arts and life, this is true for all skill development. That development always comes with trials and errors. What really matters is what we learn and how we use those blunders. Forward or backward?
Putting 10 more flats of shells downrange, there will be missing along the way, presenting equally important lessons on how to handle a miss. Precious lessons indeed. A miss is just a flat tire! Fix it and get back in the race. There aren't enough pages here to list all the folks who've built tremendous success on top of a long and exhausting list of failures. The race goes to those who fiercely and tenaciously focus on adding every possible X to their score, not wasting time (or targets) grieving over a miss. A costly luxury that deprives many of a higher score.
Since no one gets it right all the time, wouldn't it make sense to have a better plan the moment a miss occurs? If our goal truly is becoming more consistent in the box and on the target – then putting our miss to work for us just makes good sense. By making every shot count for something – creates a return on every shell invested. Or not. Because – to paraphrase Dr. Bob Rotella – Sporting Clays is not a game of perfect. Every miss we learn something from – puts another X on our scorecard. There's a Truth.
"Lose the target, but don't lose the lesson."
Thanks for spending time with us today. Cooler weather ahead! Be safe and I hope to see you out on the course.
Please share the links with your fellow shooters. Thank you!
Dan Schindler is one of only 60 worldwide members of the Guild of Shooting Instructors (UK) and is one of the most highly respected Sporting Clays and Wingshooting Instructors in the US. Dan is an NSCA Level III Instructor (since 1995) and founded the Paragon School of Sporting with one goal in mind. Whether it be for the advanced competitor or providing the basics to the entry-level shooter, Paragon provides the simplest, most practical and most effective Instruction, Coaching and Mental Training for the Sporting Clays & Wingshooting enthusiast. Dan Schindler helps shooters alleviate a lot of their frustration by taking the mystery out of breaking targets, calling their own misses and make their own corrections. Lessons are fun, enlightening and our clients learn to shoot better in minutes!
Take Your Best Shot (Book I) is all about the fundamentals, a requirement for good shooting.
To The Target (Book II) Builds on the steps outlined in Book I. Emphasises Gun Management skills when the trap fires, creating a consistent, reliable, trustworthy swing.
Beyond the Target (Book III) is for shooters of all levels, filled with valuable information, clay target truths. Entertaining and a culmination of 3 decades of Dan' life's work as a teacher, competitor, published writer and much more.
Copyright 2019 Paragon School of Sporting, Inc.


text:
Digital Services Manager
Gelman Library, 704Q
Digital Collections, Digital Preservation
Paul Kelly is Digital Services Manager at GW Libraries, where he develops and implements strategies for responsible stewardship of the University's digitized and born-digital resources. He was previously Digital Initiatives Coordinator and Digital Curation Librarian at DC Public Library, and Digital Archivist at The Catholic University of America. He is an Adjunct Lecturer at the University of Maryland's College of Information Studies, and The Catholic University of America's Department of Library and Information Science. He holds a BA in English Literature/Film and Television Studies from the University of Glasgow, and an MSLIS from The Catholic University of America.


New feature: Loose tagging (and why it rocks) | Wesabe: Your Money. Your Community.
We've just launched a major rewrite of the tagging system. We heard from many of you that minor variations in your tags made it hard to get an accurate view of your spending, and that you wanted us to make that easier.
Since tags run throughout three of the four tabs on the Wesabe site, and since they're so significant as a tool on the site (relating to summaries and reports, targets, automatic editing and suggested tags, tips, goals, and more), Brad has worked for quite a while to get all of the uses of tags to work much more easily.
If you enter "Restaurants" as a tag on one transaction, and "restaurants" on the next, we used to consider case differences as two separate tags — now, they're aggregated into one.
Likewise, "groceries" and "grocery," and other plurality differences, are now aggregated together.
If you use punctuation differently, such as "work-expense", "work_expense", and "workexpense", those are now viewed as the same tag.
Where you have variations, your tag list and your spending/earning summaries will show the tag format you use the most commonly. You don't have to use the same capitalization as everyone else — you get to use the variation you like, without losing the benefits of aggregate data (how much people spend on average, connections to tips, etc.).
All of these features are designed to do the same thing: to allow you to _not have to worry_ about the exact wording you used last time, while still getting all the benefits you would get if you were exactly consistent.
We think the great thing about tags is that they let you be loose and informal with your organization, and that this is vastly better than older, more laborious strict-category systems. Up until now, though, there was a 'penalty' for being too informal, namely that not all of the data would add up. Now that's fixed. You shouldn't have to think like a machine or an accountant in order to get great results from Wesabe's tags.
We learned a lot from the way Flickr deals with tags — they do a great job of letting you say "Dog" on one photo and "dog" on the next and linking those photos together for you. We decided there were some interesting differences between our sites, though, and we didn't do exactly what they do. For photographs, 'dog' and 'dogs' have different meanings — the first is a photo of a single dog, while the second is a group of dogs. For financial transactions, the same isn't usually true — tagging one transaction as 'restaurant' and another as 'restaurants' probably means exactly the same thing. Even looser variation matter less — 'grocery' and 'groceries' should be the same group of spending. Also, we decided to show you the variation you use most commonly in your lists and reports; I believe Flickr shows you the variation you used first.
I've long resisted making you add a 'category' and then optional 'tags' on top, even though it would make our job much easier as programmers. I don't think it's your job to do more work so that we have less programming to do; I think it's exactly the other way around! Likewise, we didn't want to make you work to be consistent with your tags in order to make your reports come out right; we wanted to do that work for you. As we release some of our other changes to the tagging system, coming up soon, you'll see a common theme: you get to be human, loose, informal, and inconsistent, and get all the benefits that you would have gotten had you worked much harder, with a much more laborious and rigid category system. That's what tags are meant to offer, and we're glad to figure out all the ways they can work better with organizing your money. Let us know whether we got it right, and what else we can improve with tags.
This entry was posted on September 13, 2007 at 1:25 am and is filed under Wesabe.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
I love the new changes. The loose tagging definitely makes sense and is easy to understand. I already struggled with the grocery/groceries issue, so this is welcome news.
A suggestion that I would like to see is the notion of hierarchical tags. I typically mark a trip to the supermarket as "food" and "grocery" but I also mark going out to lunch as "food" and "restaurant". If grocery implied the food tag as well as restaurant doing the same I could still see the summarized data of both. I have the same issue when I mark a majority of my re-occuring costs as "nondiscretionary".
Another outstanding upgrade. I just recently – like 3 days ago – started using Flickr's tagging (I didn't have many pics) and found myself wishing Wesabe behaved similarly. Now it does. Very timely, indeed.
The only downside is that now I'll expect you to start making other changes simply based on my thinking about it.
Hahahahahah…we'll get right on that…but then you knew that didn't you?
One way to help tags be more consistent and easier is via suggestions (ala del.icio.us) that we just select. I love the way it's implemented by the de.icio.us add-on for Firefox (non Yahoo one).
If I consistently use "groceries" and others use "grocery", do they get correlated by the server when the tips show up?
Yes — we've put a lot of work into making sure you can use whatever form you want and have the features of the site still all work. If you catch any problems, let us know and we'll get it fixed.


Students must earn a "C-" or higher grade in all courses used to satisfy major requirements and courses may not be taken satisfactory/unsatisfactory.
Full major requirements can be found on the Undergraduate & Graduate Academic Catalog website.
The remaining five courses are selected, in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies in Near Eastern Studies, to meet the needs and interests of the student. Full minor requirements are also available on the Undergraduate & Graduate Academic Catalog website.