U.S. troops do not have the right to use Iraq to "watch Iran," Iraqi President Barham Salih said on Monday after Donald Trump indicated American forces were there to do just that.
In an interview that aired Sunday, Trump said it was important to keep a military presence in Iraq so Washington could keep on eye on neighboring Iran.
The Iraqi president said U.S. troops had no right to monitor Iran under the agreement between the two nations, and that their specific mission was to combat terrorism, according to Reuters. He added that he would wait for clarifications from Washington on the numbers and nature of the U.S. troops' mission in his country.
"Those forces do not have the right to monitor many things, including watching Iran. We will not allow this," he added.
Trump's tough stance toward Iran is a hallmark his foreign policy. Since pulling out of the landmark Iran nuclear deal agreed by predecessor Barack Obama, Trump has publicly shown an uncompromising attitude toward Iran and reimposed sanctions on the country.
In an interview with CBS News' "Face the Nation," Trump said the U.S. had spent a "fortune" on the Al-Asad Air Base in western Iraq, which he visited in December, and that it was "perfectly situated" to watch different parts of the Middle East.
"One of the reasons I want to keep it is because I want to be looking a little bit at Iran because Iran is a real problem," he said in the interview.
Iraq has found itself in a tricky position as relations deteriorate between Tehran and Washington. Iran has been deepening its influence in Iraq since the U.S.'s 2003 invasion.
"All parties need, as soon as possible, to stop the U.S. presence and not allow Iraq to be used as a springboard for aggression or surveillance of any state," the statement read.
This is not the first time an Iraqi lawmaker has called for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.
A variety of Iraqi lawmakers used Trump's visit to the al-Asad base in December to call on U.S. forces to leave the country. At the time of his visit, there were 5,000 U.S. troops stationed in Iraq as part of the coalition against the Islamic State.
Earlier that month, Trump announced that the U.S. would withdraw troops from Syria claiming that the U.S. had defeated ISIS in the country. He also ordered the Pentagon to draw up plans for a troop withdrawal from Afghanistan.
But during his visit to the Iraqi air base Trump said he had "no plans at all" to remove U.S. forces from Iraq.
Iraq announced the fight against ISIS was over on Dec. 9, 2017, after the group seized the country's second-largest city Mosul, as well as one-third of the rest of the country, before being toppled by an Iraqi military campaign that was backed by the U.S.-led coalition.


text:
Q: A system of linear equations with linear constraints Mathematical problem.
Suppose we have $2n$ indeterminates $x_1,\dots,x_n$ and $y_1,\dots,y_n$ (which are denoted by $q$ with indices and called abundances below) and $m$ subsets $P_1,\dots,P_m$ of $\lbrace 1,2,\dots,n\rbrace$. Given real $r_1,\dots,r_m$, how to determine the indeterminates if they satisfy the system of linear homogeneous equations
$$
\sum_{p\in P_i}x_p-r_i\sum_{p\in P_i}y_p=0 \quad\text{for } i=1,\dots,m
$$
and the additional linear constraints
$$
0\le x_p\le 1 \quad\text{and}\quad 0\le y_p\le 1
\quad\text{for } p=1,\dots,n \quad?
$$
Background.
Proteins are important molecules in living organisms. In molecular biology you often want to deduce the fold change of abundance of the proteins in one sample versus another.
Proteins are built up of a sequence of molecules (amino acids). Peptides are parts of proteins, $i.e.$ part of the sequence. Using current technology (Mass spectrometry), you can only detect the peptides and ratios of these peptides.
Motivation. Normally if you want to deduce the ratio of a protein in sample A versus B, you just take the geometric mean of the ratios of the peptides specific to that protein.
. However, you will observe peptides which are shared by proteins. It is assumed that the ratio of a peptide which is shared by multiple proteins is the sum of the abundances of the proteins in sample A divided by the sum of the abundances of the proteins in sample B.
My question targets how to still be able to use these observations, and deduce ratios for proteins having only shared proteins.

Given

*

*$ P = \lbrace p_1,\...,p_n \rbrace $   ... Proteins

*$ Q = \left( P_1, ..., P_m  \right), P_i \subseteq P $ ...proteins which share peptide i

*$ R = \left( r_1,\...,r_m \right) $   ... Observed ratios for peptides

  find $q_{p,a},q_{p,b} \forall p \in P$ such that
  $$ r_i=\frac{\sum_{p \in P_i}q_{p,a}}{\sum_{p \in P_i}q_{p,b}}$$

The real abundances $q_{p,a},q_{p,b}$ are not known and not of interest, just their relation to each other.
My approach
Solve a nonlinear system of equations minimizing
$$\log(r_i)=\log\sum_{p \in P_i}q_{p,a} - \log\sum_{p \in P_i}q_{p,b}, \forall r_i \in R$$

Is there a way to approach this in a linear system? Of course I can try solve
  $\sum_{p \in P_i}q_{p,a} - r_i \times \sum_{p \in P_i}q_{p,b} = 0, \forall r_i \in R$, but the ratios are not dealt with correctly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


BBDO Worldwide-owned KNSK, Hamburg; BMZ/FCA, Dusseldorf; and an unnamed local agency.
KEK is Porsche's global lead agency and cooperates with Minneapolis-based Carmichael-Lynch in the USA, the automaker's largest market. The US account is estimated at between $20 million to $30 million, compared with $5 million in Germany.
Porsche sold 10,674 cars in the USA in the first six months of this year, more than double the figure for Germany.


text:
Q: Input Mismatch Exception (i think its a dumb mistake) I'm getting an InputMismatchException when I press the "next" button.
Here is the code for the panel that has the button:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class PanelSampleYard extends JPanel
{
    private JLabel label;
    private DisplaySampleYard display;
    int times = 0;
    public PanelSampleYard()
    {
        setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(200, 125));

        label = new JLabel("Green and Grow Mowing Company", SwingConstants.CENTER);
        add(label, BorderLayout.NORTH);

        display = new DisplaySampleYard();
        add(display, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        JPanel subpanel = new JPanel();
        subpanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        JButton next = new JButton("Next");
        JButton quit = new JButton("Quit");
        next.addActionListener(new Listener1());
        quit.addActionListener(new Listener2());
        subpanel.add(next);
        subpanel.add(quit);
        add(subpanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    }
    private class Listener1 implements ActionListener
    {
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
        {
            display.next(display.contents(times));
            times++;
        }
    }
    private class Listener2 implements ActionListener
    {
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
        {
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

And the code for the display that is inside the panel:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
public class DisplaySampleYard extends JPanel
{
    private JLabel label;
    private JTextField last, first, size, cost, total;
    double sum = 0;
    int index = 0;
    public DisplaySampleYard()
    {
        setLayout(new GridLayout(5,2));
        last = new JTextField("");
        add(new JLabel("Last Name:"));
        add(last);
        first = new JTextField("");
        add(new JLabel("First Name:"));
        add(first);
        size = new JTextField("");
        add(new JLabel("Lawn Size:"));
        add(size);
        cost = new JTextField("");
        add(new JLabel("Total Cost:"));
        add(cost);
        total = new JTextField("");
        add(new JLabel("Running Total:"));
        add(total);
    }
    public void next(Customer c)
    {
        last.setText(c.getLastName()+"");
        first.setText(c.getFirstName()+"");
        size.setText(c.getSize()+"");
        cost.setText(c.getCost()+"");
        sum = sum + c.getCost();
        total.setText(""+sum);
    }
    public Customer contents(int index)
    {
        Scanner infile = new Scanner("greenGrow.txt");
        int reps = infile.nextInt();
        Customer[] array = new Customer[reps];
        for(int x = 0; x<reps; x++)
        {
            array[x].setLastName(infile.next());
            array[x].setFirstName(infile.next());
            array[x].setSize(infile.nextInt());
        }
        return array[index];
    }
}

The data file that the Scanner is reading from contains:
5
Jeffers
Tom
5000
Smith
Sam
10000
Nevar
Tina
15000
Kim
Lisa
20000
Black
Kim
30000

What's wrong with my code? Thanks in advance!
P.S. There are a few more classes, but I don't think they are causing this problem

A: When you use Scanner read file, you should construct by File type parameter, it will scan values from the specified file. like:
new Scanner(new File("greenGrow.txt"));

If construct by String, the Scanner will scan values from the specified String


Blonde To Brunette Makeover: How Dying My Hair WAY Darker ... - Break the head!
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Ship's Rat meets new "Cat"!
Other images in The Cat and theRat.
New "Cat O' Nine Tails" made by Bosun Dutch for the doling out o' punishment aboard the "Meka"II. Hard Laid Cotton Twine finished with two and three turn Blood Knots then liberaly anointed with Stokholm Tar!


text:
Fan Recreates Resident Evil 2 in Unreal Engine 3
Kerwin Tsang February 2nd, 2015 - 7:45 AM
In a remarkable feat, a Resident Evil fan has managed to recreate the entirety of Resident Evil 2 using Unreal Engine 3.
The fan, known as Rod Lima, used character models and environments from Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles, a Wii rail shooter that revisited past games in the series such as Resident Evil 2 and Code Veronica. All the cutscenes, dialogue and sound effects have been lifted straight from the original game, while the inventory and save systems were recreated by Lima.
The project initially adopted the behind-the-shoulder perspective of Resident Evil 4, but now that it is complete, it has returned to the original's fixed camera perspectives.
Lima posted a video of him playing through the entire game. Needless to say, it looks remarkable:
Unfortunately, Lima has no intention of releasing his remake project for public consumption, as he has repeatedly stated that he undertook it to teach himself how to program and master the Unreal Engine.
And even if he did release this project, he would probably be sued out of existence by Capcom, who own almost all the assets used in it.
Capcom has recently put out an HD remaster of the Resident Evil Remake, which itself was an updating of the original Resident Evil. Assuming that it sells well, it's likely that the company would finally entertain the notion of giving the same treatment to Resident Evil 2, which has long been regarded as one of the best titles in the series. Producer Jun Takeuchi has said in the past that it was possible Capcom would remake RE 2.
In other news, now that REmake is out for the PC, a fan is already hard at work modding the game to reinsert the original Resident Evil's appalling voice acting back in:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Virginian Cloak and Dagger
Posted by John Plucenik | Nov 11, 2013 | Elections, Government | 3 |
After Republican Governor candidate Ken Cuccinelli recently lost the Virginia election race against Democratic opponent Terry McAuliffe, it is understandable that those on the right may be pointing the finger at the Libertarian vote. Libertarian candidate Robert C. Sarvis did in fact secure 145, 762 votes, equaling to 6.6 percent of the total. Assuredly had even just about 38% of these votes went toward Cuccinelli instead of Sarvis, the Republican candidate would've been able to squeak out with a win. It seems pretty clear then that Libertarian voters are part of the problem right?
Well let's take a closer look at what was going on.
The Blaze published an article on November 5th detailing what may have really caused potential Cuccinelli votes to be siphoned off to Libertarian candidate Robert C. Sarvis:
A major Democratic Party benefactor and Obama campaign bundler helped pay for professional petition circulators responsible for getting Virginia Libertarian gubernatorial candidate Robert C. Sarvis on the ballot — a move that could split conservative votes in a tight race.
Campaign finance records show the Libertarian Booster PAC has made the largest independent contribution to Sarvis' campaign, helping to pay for professional petition circulators who collected signatures necessary to get Sarvis' name on Tuesday's statewide ballot.
The article then goes on to reveal information about Joe Liemandt, the Libertarian Booster PAC's major benefactor:
In March 2012, ABC News reported Liemandt was among three dozen of the Obama campaign's largest bundlers invited to a state dinner honoring British Prime Minister David Cameron. ABC News reported the invited bundlers, who also included Vogue editor Anna Wintour and Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein, were responsible for at least $10.7 million of the $250 million the campaign had collected to that point.
Donations linked to Liemandt's company, Trilogy, also has split its political giving between libertarian third-party efforts and liberal Democrats. During the 2012 election cycle, Trilogy poured $100,000 into another libertarian group — Libertarian Action Super PAC — while simultaneously making generous contributions to the Democratic National Committee ($92,400), the Democratic Party of Ohio ($12,453) and Barack Obama ($10,000), as well as more than $25,000 for Democrat Party organizations in Florida, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nevada and New Hampshire.
So the man most singly responsible for getting Sarvis onto the ballot has been known to make significant donations towards Obama and the Democratic Party.
After accumulating this information, it becomes evident that it's not a Libertarian problem. It's an education problem.
Let's take a look at the candidate himself. Glenn Beck goes into further detail about Robert C. Sarvis on his radio program which can bee seen here, but I'll provide some highlights below that put things into perspective:
Sarvis isn't a fan of Austrian Economics, he states that he prefers more "mainstream economics".
As Governor, Sarvis would be hesitant to cut taxes.
He isn't sure as to how he might reduce spending.
He's open to expanding Virginia's Medicaid program
He is enthusiastic for increasing gas taxes and for establishing a 'Vehicle Miles Driven Tax'.
Hmm, these policies don't really sound too Libertarian to me. Even noted Libertarian Ron Paul endorsed Cuccinelli as an "ally" and a "Constitutionalist"; he stated that it would be "insane" to vote for Sarvis given his views on economics and taxes.
So why did Libertarians still give 6.6% of the vote for Sarvis? Quite simply, they didn't educate themselves about the candidate and what he truly stood for. Either that, or they're not true Libertarians: no true Libertarian in their right mind would vote for such a left-leaning candidate as Sarvis. Virginia was a very close race, and conservatives could ill-afford to divide their votes.
Democrats prey upon those who don't educate themselves with the facts. That's why they employ men like Joe Liemandt to wreak havoc behind enemy lines and when the Republicans lose elections like this, Liberals sit back and smile while Republicans and Libertarians point fingers at each other. They push forward bills without looking at the facts of what are actually in them, and then distract voters by making faulty promises of a better system. This is how they operate.
We need to understand that so we can focus our efforts on our opponents, not ourselves.
John Plucenik | Penn State University | @JPlucenik
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Matt	on November 12, 2013 at 8:44 am
I think the main problem was the RNC not funding his campaign after September. Had they supported their candidate like they're supposed to, he likely would have won despite the so-called Libertarian candidate.
Fred	on November 11, 2013 at 10:07 am
You seem to think only Democrats do this. You are aware that Republicans frequently helped and paid for Ralph Nader and his Green Party ticket get on ballots in order to split the liberal vote, right?
"Why did libertarians give Sarvis 6.6% of the vote?"
Why do you think everyone that voted for Sarvis was libertarian? You can vote Republican without being Republican, and vis versa. Many liberals or conservatives might have simply been attracted to Sarvis's platform without considering themselves libertarians (at least the kind that you and Ron Paul approve of).
Allan	on November 13, 2013 at 6:48 pm
Fred, Since the author didn't assert that only Democrat party does this, your first paragraph is conjecture.
It doesn't really matter whether anyone else does it or not. The convincing argument is that Democrat party did it in this instance. It would be a stretch to think that they did so to enable a McAuliffe supporting Democrat voter to have another way to vote for Mac.
You may be right that some "Republican" voters switched and voted for McAuliffe. Certainly, the more socially leftist of them would have (in order to protect the "right of the mother" to choose to abort, for example). They wouldn't have needed the excuse of a 3rd party candidate to do that, as I read in several news storie before the election.
In any case, your parsing of it doesn't matter, as the situation was that there were 2 entities on the ballot: Statist/leftist (represented by the Democrat and Democrat-in-Libertarian-clothing candidates), and the conservative.
Since no conservative (or reasonably literate Libertarian-leaning voter) would vote for the positions espoused by the 2 statist / left-leaning candidates, it makes sense that the purpose would be to fool low-information folks who identify with the Libertarians into not voting for the conservative by putting a puppet in place with the Libertarian name. As political strategy, it is smart to take advantage of low-information voters.
Which seems the point that John Plucenik is making.
But then, I suspect you know that, and are just trolling on a conservative site.


Mary and Scott are prepping the interior and exterior of their Victorian house in the 5100 block of 42nd Avenue in Hyattsville's National Historic District for next spring's tour of homes organized by the Hyattsville Preservation Association. It's referred to as the Shepherd-Sibley House.
Mary and Scott Sibley didn't expect that building a rear addition onto their Victorian era home in the Hyattsville National Historic District would be a simple undertaking.
But by hunkering down with architect Mike Arnold, they received the appropriate and far-from-routine blessings from the Prince George's County Historic Commission and the Maryland-National Capital Parks and Planning Commission. Construction on the family room they have been craving began just this week. In the meantime, the Sibleys are brainstorming about how to properly decorate the 18-feet by 20-feet extension so it flows with the interior of the rest of their three-story, 1906 home.
Hardwood floors are a no-brainer. Eight double-hung, single-pane windows framed with bulls-eye molding will extend almost the entire nine feet from floor to ceiling.
The centerpiece of the addition will be a fireplace. With Arnold's help, the Sibleys found a reproduction of a 19th century cast iron insert. However, they had a devil of a time hunting down a proper mantelpiece.
That is, until they literally went around the corner to the Community Forklift's 34,000-square foot warehouse a few months ago. Bingo. They scouted out an authentic fit. A yellowing paper tag attached to the back of the double-shelved, oak antique they selected spells out that the Dame Mantel Co. in Harriman, Tenn., delivered the finished product to Washington, D.C., in 1910.
And the Forklift price was right: $225. The Hyattsville couple had expected to shell out $1,500 to $2,000 for a reproduction.
Appropriately, preservation architect Mike Arnold set up his office in a 1924 building at 6220 Rhode Island Ave. that served as Riverdale Park's first post office. He installed a pair of chestnut doors he bought at Community Forklift as part of an effort to restore the building's tasteful touches.
Arnold, their Riverdale Park architect who specializes in historic preservation, casts the Sibleys and others like them who make regular forays to the Forklift into a category he labels "defective consumer." He credits one of his graduate school professors with coining that distinctive phraseology. While such offbeat language might sound like a pejorative to the uninitiated, Arnold actually dishes the two-word term as the ultimate accolade.
What Arnold means is that homeowners such as the Sibleys should be celebrated because they refuse to be brainwashed by the messages that bombard them daily in a throwaway culture that pooh-poohs what appears to be passé. Instead, they reject the consensus that an item must be brand new and out of the box to have any value.
Arnold's initiation into architecture and preservation began more than three decades ago when he enrolled at the University of Maryland. Later on, he taught Maryland students the hands-on ABCs of restoration.
When he eventually opened his own architecture business, he opted to focus on preservation, with a focus on pre-World War II homes.
He estimates that somewhere around 25 percent of his clients are comfortable with the concept of reuse, so they already know the value of the Forklift and other similar treasure troves. Others, he said, have to be nudged in that direction so they can understand that there is "gold in them thar hills at the Forklift." Sometimes, the challenge can be finding enough reclaimed materials to complete a substantial addition.
It pains him physically and emotionally to watch older homes in nearby neighborhoods be stripped of riches such as irreplaceable pre-1940s, double-hung wood windows because their owners have fallen for the myth of vinyl. Usually, he said, the original windows are trashed before anybody can retrieve them.
Window sashes from the 1920s and 1930s are a premium product because they were machine manufactured from old-growth wood, he noted, adding that covering them with top-notch triple-track storm windows provides the ultimate in energy efficiency and insulation.
Arnold's dedication to the preservation cause is echoed by Alfonso Narvaez, chairman of Prince George's County Historical and Cultural Trust.
He saluted the Forklift for providing two crucial services. One, it's a repository for materials such as sinks, bathtubs and mantels with defining features of this particular region of Maryland.
And two, Narvaez said, the Forklift allows homeowners to see a complete house disassembled so they understand how it can be put back together with the appropriate pieces.
Narvaez knows of what he speaks. Professionally, he operates Aeon Preservation Services, a Bladensburg-based business that has tended to such iconic landmarks as the U.S. Capitol dome, the White House grounds, the Jefferson Memorial and the Lincoln Memorial. In that capacity, his company once collected a smorgasbord of brick, marble, granite and terra cotta to teach professional conservators gathered at Arlington National Cemetery how to restore these building materials.
Unique places such as Community Forklift, Arnold and Narvaez agree, become more and more vital as the lumberyards, hardware stores and custom millwork shops of yesteryear disappear.
Mary Sibley and her 17-month-old grandson, Jake, with the 1910 oak mantel from Community Forklift that will be a highlight in the family room the Sibleys are adding to their historic home in Hyattsville.
The Sibleys, who moved to the Washington, D.C., region in the mid-1970s, purchased their current Victorian home in 1989 when their two sons were in elementary school because they "wanted an old house." The couple is still plugging away on their pet project almost a quarter-century later.
Some enterprises during those 24 intervening years are new, such as refinishing banisters and balusters, while others are repeats, such as repainting the entire house and porch with a distinctive green complemented by trim that is dark green, orange and cream.
Scott, a retired federal geologist, and Mary, who built a career in day care and as a special education teacher, are hoping their home is in tip-top shape for the spring 2014 house tour being organized by the Hyattsville Preservation Association. The addition of family room became a necessity with the birth of Jake, their first grandchild, 17 months ago. They expect he won't be the last arrival.
Both Sibleys will continue to haunt the aisles of the Forklift and other local businesses to track down house necessities they can reuse.


The first week of Spring "invaded" Tom Collin's pub in a great mood. Its resounding way of appearing was due to DJ Garik Antonyan. Those who missed the Spring's coming, can see the event in photos shot by us.
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Smile absent in customer service field.
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text:
Swiss foreign minister hopes bourse battle with EU just temporary
ZURICH, June 27 (Reuters) - Switzerland hopes a tit-for-tat battle with the EU over stock market access will be short-lived as the two sides try to hammer out a deal over a stalled draft partnership treaty, its foreign minister said on Thursday.
Frustrated with Swiss foot-dragging on signing the pact negotiated over 4-1/2 years, the European Commission is effectively banning EU-based banks and brokers from trading shares directly on Swiss bourses from July 1.
The Swiss will retaliate with a decree banning EU bourses from hosting Swiss equities trading, with the exception of some stocks already listed both in Switzerland and on EU exchanges.
"We hope this is just a temporary solution," Swiss Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis told Swiss broadcaster SRF in an interview, saying the diplomatic spat with Switzerland's biggest trading partner had arisen from a series of misunderstandings.
"In the European Union one has the feeling that we are playing for time. We in Switzerland know we are not playing for time, we need time because we have a different political structure and we cannot simply decide in the government and that's it," he said.
He was referring to the Swiss system of consensus-building between politicians, labour unions, industry bodies and other power brokers and its direct democracy in which voters get a final say on all important matters.
The treaty would have Switzerland routinely adopt changes to EU single market rules, create a more effective platform to resolve disputes, and open a path to new trade deals such as an electricity union.
But with Swiss parliamentary elections due in October, it has become entangled in domestic politics. Those opposed to the accord range from the right-wing Swiss People's Party (SVP) to the centre-left Social Democrats (SP) and allied labour unions.
Those two parties are the biggest in parliament and have four of the seven cabinet seats.
The anti-EU SVP resents giving Brussels any say in Swiss affairs, while the left is against diluting Swiss labour rules meant to protect Europe's highest wages from cut-rate EU workers on temporary cross-border assignments.
"We really have to create together with the social partners a majority so that people can be satisfied with this," Cassis said, referring to employers and labour unions.
He noted that treaty talks arose from the EU's problems with Swiss rules to protect Swiss pay, a topic that Switzerland had originally said was non-negotiable.
"We have to at least try to talk about it and see which possibilities exist," Cassis said. (Reporting by Michael Shields; Editing by Susan Fenton)


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If you're wondering, "What movies came out in 1980?" or "What are the best 1980 films?" then this list will answer your questions.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Swampland conjectures have been proposed in order to distinguish
consistent-looking low-energy effective field theories that do not admit
a suitable ultraviolet completion in string theory --- and, therefore,
are said to be in the swampland --- from those that lie in the string
theory landscape.
This is particularly relevant as it is notoriously difficult to obtain
inflation from the fundamental fields that naturally arise in string theory.

This difficulty is somewhat surprising as in $N=1$ supergravity
--- which, under certain conditions, can be thought to be a low-energy limit
of string theory --- inflation can be rather easily setup (see,
for instance, Ref.~\cite{Adams}).
In fact, alternative routes to obtain inflation in string theory have been
discussed, but they tend to be more involved (see, for instance,
Ref.~\cite{KKLT}).
It is relevant to point out that some phenomenologically viable string
models, the ones with an intermediate Grand Unified Theory energy scale,
ask for a period of inflation for its full implementation \cite{OBRoss87}.

The above-mentioned swampland conjectures are concretely a broad range of
assumptions about the conditions required to admit local gauge symmetries and
at least one Planck mass particle so to account for the weakness of gravity.
One must also require that high-order terms in the effective action do not
admit superluminal propagation (see Ref.~\cite{Palti} for a review).
To our knowledge, there is no assumption, among this set of requirements,
concerning the Strong Equivalence Principle and
implying that the gravity
theory is necessarily General Relativity.

Thus, it is natural to ask if the swampland conjectures hold for
alternative theories of gravity in the context of which
single-field inflation can take place.
This is the case of gravity theories with nonminimal coupling between
matter and curvature \cite{BBHL} where inflationary solutions can be
found \cite{GRB}.

In order to be more specific about the conditions to be met,
let us review the swampland conjectures
relevant for our discussion.
These conjectures impose some constraints on scalar fields emerging at low
energy, generically denoted by $\phi$ \cite{OV,OOSV}, namely:
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
{\Delta \phi \over M_{\rm P}} < c_1,
	\label{eq:SC1}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
M_{\rm P}{|\partial_\phi V| \over V} > c_2,
	\label{eq:SC2}
\end{equation}
where $\Delta\phi$ is the range of variation of the field,
$M_{\rm P}\equiv M_{\rm Pl}/\sqrt{8\pi}$ is the reduced Planck's mass,
$V(\phi)$ is the scalar field potential,
$c_1$ and $c_2$ are constants of order one,
and we have used the notation
$\partial_\phi V \equiv \partial V/ \partial\phi$.
It has been further argued that one should consider
the more refined condition
\cite{OPSV,garg-krishnan,Andriot}
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
M_{\rm P}^2{\partial_{\phi\phi}^{2} V \over V} < -c_3,
\label{eq:SC3}
\end{equation}
where $c_3$ is also a constant of order one and
$\partial_{\phi\phi}^{2} V \equiv \partial^2 V/\partial\phi^2$.

Conditions given by Eqs.~(2) and (3) can, in principle,
be compared with the onset conditions of single-field inflation which
require that the parameters for the inflaton field \cite{PDG2020}
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
\epsilon= {M_{\rm P}^2 \over 2} \left(
{\partial_\phi V  \over V} \right)^2
\label{eq:epsilon}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
\eta=M_{\rm P}^2  {\partial_{\phi\phi}^{2}
 V\over V}
\label{eq:eta}
\end{equation}
satisfy the slow-roll requirements $\epsilon \ll 1$ and
$|\eta| \ll 1$ at the onset of inflation, so that at the end of
inflation $\epsilon \sim |\eta| \sim1$.

These last requirements are consistent with
constraints arising from the CMB data \cite{PDG2020}
(see Ref.~\cite{BS22} for a detailed discussion),
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
\epsilon <0.0044
\label{eq:ePlanck}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
\eta = - 0.015 \pm 0.006,
\label{eq:etaPlanck}
\end{equation}
whose values, clearly, do not match the requirements on $c_2$ and $c_3$.

Actually, it can be shown that the incompatibility remains for whatever
number of scalar fields drives
inflation provided their kinetic energy terms are canonical \cite{BS22}.
However, it is possible to reconcile the swampland conjectures with
observations in the context of warm inflationary models \cite{Berera,Visinelli}
in the regime of strong dissipation for one \cite{mkr,bkr}
or more scalar fields \cite{BS22}.

In what follows we shall consider the situation in the context of
a nonminimally coupled matter-curvature gravity theory in a single-field
inflationary setup to be specified below.
Thus, in the next section, we shall detail the alternative gravity theory
in consideration and the associated inflationary model. We shall see that
despite the similarities between the slow-roll parameters in the
nonminimal coupled model and warm inflation, it is not possible, in the
context of the former, to satisfy the swampland conjectures.
Finally, in section~\ref{sec:concl}, we present our conclusions.

\section{Theories of gravity with nonminimal matter-curvature coupling}

String theory itself does give origin to more complex gravitational
theories than General Relativity.
Effective models of string theory exhibit corrections to General Relativity
that include, for instance, high-order curvature terms and curvature
terms coupled with derivatives of the dilaton field
(see, for instance, Refs.~\cite{Zwiebach,BD,MT,BB1,BB2}).

However, independently from string and quantum gravity considerations,
alternative theories of gravity are motivated as possible routes for
addressing cosmological and astrophysical phenomena, such as the
accelerated expansion of the Universe and the flattening of the rotation
curves of galaxies, instead of resorting to dark energy and dark matter.
Well studied models include $f(R)$ gravity \cite{Capoz-2,DeFTs},
where the scalar curvature $R$ in the Einstein-Hilbert action is
replaced by a more general function, $f(R)$.
A further possibility to generalize General Relativity is to nonminimally
couple matter and curvature,  substituting the Einstein-Hilbert action
by a more general form involving two functions of curvature
$f_1(R)$ and $f_2(R)$ \cite{BBHL}.
The function $f_1(R)$ has a role analogous to $f(R)$ gravity theory,
and the function $f_2(R)$ multiplies the matter Lagrangian density giving
rise to a nonminimal coupling between matter and geometry.
This possibility has been extensively studied in the context of dark matter
\cite{drkmattgal}, dark energy \cite{curraccel}, inflation \cite{GRB},
energy density fluctuations \cite{d}, gravitational waves \cite{e},
and the cosmic virial theorem \cite{f}.
This model has also been examined with the Newton-Schr\"odinger
approach \cite{h,i}.

Analytic extensions at $R=0$ of functions $f_1(R),f_2(R)$ were also
considered and constraints to the resulting nonminimally coupled
gravity model have been computed through perturbations to the
perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit \cite{MPBD}.

It turns out that nonminimally coupled gravity modifies the gravitational
attraction by introducing both a fifth force of the Yukawa type and an extra
force which depends on the spatial gradient of the Ricci scalar $R$.
While the Yukawa force is typical also of $f(R)$ gravity, the existence of
the extra force is specific to nonminimally coupled gravity \cite{BBHL,BLP},
and it is an effect of the nonminimal coupling that induces a non-vanishing
covariant derivative of the energy-momentum tensor.
The arising Yukawa contribution can give origin to static solutions even
though in the absence of pressure \cite{i}.
The Yukawa contribution was also examined in the context of experiments in
deep ocean \cite{MBMGD} and through the Cassini radiometric experiment
\cite{BLM}.

\subsection{Action, field equations and main features}

In the present work we consider theories of gravity with an action
functional of the form \cite{BBHL}
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}\label{action-funct}
S=\int d^4x \sqrt{-g} \left[ {M_\text{P}^2\over2}
f_1(R)+ f_2(R) {\cal L}\right],
\end{equation}
where $f_i(R)$ (with $i=1,2$) are functions of the Ricci scalar curvature $R$,
${\cal L}$ is the Lagrangian density of matter, and $g$ is the metric
determinant.
The Einstein-Hilbert action of General Relativity is recovered by taking
$f_1(R)=R$ and $f_2(R) = 1$.

The variation of the action functional with respect to the metric
$g_{\mu\nu}$ yields the field equations
\begin{equation}
	\left( F_1+{2F_2{\cal L}\over M_\texttt{P}^2} \right) G_{\mu\nu}=
	{f_2\over M_\texttt{P}^2}T_{\mu\nu}
	+\Delta_{\mu\nu} \left( F_1+{2F_2{\cal L}\over M_\texttt{P}^2} \right)
	+ {1\over2} g_{\mu\nu} \left( f_1-F_1 R
	-{2F_2{\cal L}\over M_\texttt{P}^2}R \right),
	\label{field-eq}
\end{equation}
where $G_{\mu\nu}$ is the Einstein tensor,
$F_i=\partial f_i/\partial R$ ($i=1,2$), and
$\Delta_{\mu\nu}\equiv
\nabla_\mu\nabla_\mu-g_{\mu\nu}\nabla_\alpha\nabla^\alpha$.

A relevant feature of nonminimally coupled gravity is that the
energy-momentum tensor of matter is not covariantly conserved.
Indeed, applying the Bianchi identities to
Eq.~(\ref{field-eq}), one obtains that
\begin{equation}
	\nabla^\mu T_{\mu\nu}={F_2\over f_2}
	\left( {\cal L} g_{\mu\nu}-T_{\mu\nu} \right)\nabla^\mu R,
	\label{covar-div-1}
\end{equation}
meaning that the nonminimal coupling cannot be ``gauged away''
by a convenient conformal transformation, being thus a distinctive feature
of the nonminimal model discussed here.

\subsection{Inflation in the nonminimally coupled theory}

As widely discussed, within General Relativity the swampland
conjectures and the slow-roll conditions cannot be matched for single-field
cold inflation (see, for instance, Refs.~\cite{Kinney,Riotto}).

Given that the incompatibility of the swampland conjectures with the
observations has been an object of critique from the authors of
Ref.~\cite{Linde2019} and that multi-field inflationary models show no
contradiction with the CMB features \cite{Wands}, it was logical to ask
whether the swampland conjectures would hold for many fields.
In fact, multi-field cosmological models open interesting
perspectives, for instance, for unification of
dark matter and dark energy \cite{Sa2020a,Sa2020b,Sa2021,Sa2022}.
Two-field inflationary models were first considered in the context of $N=1$
supergravity \cite{Ovrut} and their dynamics was scrutinized in
Refs.~\cite{OBRoss86,OB88} for a broader class of models.
In a broad context and in string theory, two-field inflationary with
different mass scales and an interaction term were considered in
Refs.~\cite{Linde94,Bento91,Bento92}.
In the context of the swampland conjectures, two-field inflationary models
were examined in Refs.~\cite{Achucarro,Gashti}, where in Ref.~\cite{Achucarro}
non-canonical kinetic energy terms have been considered.
More recently, it has been shown that multi-field inflation cannot be made
compatible with the swampland conjectures without a significant amount of
dissipation \cite{BS22}.

In this paper, we will consider single-field cold inflation within
the nonminimally coupled theory of gravity defined by the action
functional~(\ref{action-funct}).

Assuming the Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker metric
\begin{equation}
	ds^2=-dt^2+a^2(t)dx^2,
\end{equation}
from Eqs.~(\ref{field-eq}) and (\ref{covar-div-1}) we obtain
\begin{equation}
	H^2 = {1\over 6F}
	\biggr[ {2f_2\rho\over M_\text{P}^2}
	-6H\dot{F}
	-f_1+ F R\biggr],
	\label{H-general}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
	-2\left( 2\dot{H}+3H^2 \right) F
	= {2f_2p\over M_\text{P}^2}
	+2\ddot{F}
	+6H\dot{F}
	+f_1 -F R,
	\label{Hdot-general}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
	\dot{\rho}+3H(\rho+p)=
	-{F_2 \over f_2}(\rho+p)\dot{R},
	\label{3}
\end{equation}
where $a(t)$ is the scalar factor,
$H=\dot{a}/a$ is the Hubble parameter,
an overdot denote a derivative with respect to time $t$,
and we have introduced the notation
$F\equiv F_1+2F_2 p/M_\text{P}^2$.
In the above equations, we have also assumed that matter is represented
by an homogeneous scalar field $\phi$ with a Lagrangian density ${\cal L}=p$,
for which pressure and energy density are given by $p=\dot{\phi}^2/2-V(\phi)$
and $\rho=\dot{\phi}^2/2+V(\phi)$, respectively.

In what follows, we consider theories for which the pure gravitational
sector of the action has the Einstein-Hilbert form; more specifically,
we choose $f_1(R)=R$, implying $F_1=1$.

With this assumption, Eqs.~(\ref{H-general}) and (\ref{Hdot-general})
become
\begin{equation}
	H^2={1\over 3(M_\text{P}^4-4G^2)}
	\left[ \rho f_2(M_\text{P}^2-G)-3pf_2G
	-6H(M_\text{P}^2+2G)\dot{G}-6G\ddot{G} \right],
	\label{1}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
	\dot{H}=-{f_2(\rho+p)+2\ddot{G}\over 2(M_\text{P}^2+2G)},
	\label{2}
\end{equation}
where the notation $G\equiv p F_2$ was introduced.

Let us now choose
\begin{equation}
	f_2(R)=1+ \alpha\left( {R\over 6M_\text{P}^2} \right)^3,
\label{3}
\end{equation}
where $\alpha$ is a positive dimensionless parameter that sets the scale of the
nonminimal coupling, which is not necessarily the Planck scale.
The cubic choice is the simplest power-law type function
which renders non-trivial solutions for the Friedmann equation.
In fact, for a linear monomial no real solutions for that equation are found,
and for the quadratic scenario the standard solution in General Relativity
is surprisingly retrieved; as for cubic and higher monomials the behaviour
is similar among each choice, up to small numerical factors \cite{GRB}.
Furthermore, we assume that inflation is quasi-exponential,
i.e., $V\gg \dot{\phi}^2$, implying $\rho\simeq -p \simeq V$.

Under these assumptions, and taking into account that
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
	R=6(\dot{H}+2H^2),
\end{equation}
we obtain
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
	f_2 = 1+ {\alpha \over M_\text{P}^{6}} \left(
	8H^6+12H^4\dot{H}+6H^2\dot{H}^2+\dot{H}^3 \right),
	\label{approx-f2}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
	G = {\alpha \over M_\text{P}^{6}}\left(
	2H^4p+2H^2\dot{H}p+{\dot{H}^2\over 2}p
	\right),
	\label{approx-G}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}} \def\end{equation}{\end{equation}
	\dot{G} =
	{\alpha \over M_\text{P}^{6}}
	\bigg(
	8H^3\dot{H}p+4H\dot{H}^2p+2H^4\dot{p}
	+2H^2\dot{H}\dot{p}+{\dot{H}^2\over 2}\dot{p}
	+2H^2\ddot{H}p+\dot{H}\ddot{H}p
	\bigg),
	\label{approx-Gdot}
\end{equation}
\begin{align}
	\ddot{G} &=
	{\alpha \over M_\text{P}^{6}}
	\bigg(
	24H^2\dot{H}^2p
	+4\dot{H}^3p
	+16H^3\dot{H}\dot{p}
	+8H\dot{H}^2\dot{p}
	+8H^3\ddot{H}p
	+12H\dot{H}\ddot{H}p
	+4H^2\ddot{H}\dot{p}
	\nonumber
\\	&+2\dot{H}\ddot{H}\dot{p}
	+\ddot{H}^2p
	+2H^4\ddot{p}
	+2H^2\dot{H}\ddot{p}
	+{\dot{H}^2\over 2}\ddot{p}
	+2H^2H^{(3)}p
	+\dot{H}H^{(3)}p
	\bigg),
	\label{approx-Gddot}
\end{align}
where $H^{(3)}$ denotes the third derivative of $H$ with respect to time $t$.

Equation~(\ref{1}) can now be written as
\begin{align}
	3\left( M_\text{P}^2-{4\alpha H^4\over M_\text{P}^6}p \right)
	\left( M_\text{P}^2+{4\alpha H^4\over M_\text{P}^6}p \right) &\simeq
	\rho \left( 1+{8\alpha H^6\over M_\text{P}^6} \right)
	\left( M_\text{P}^2-{2\alpha H^4\over M_\text{P}^6}p \right)
	\nonumber
\\	&-3p^2\left( 1+{8\alpha H^6\over M_\text{P}^6} \right)
	{2\alpha H^4\over M_\text{P}^6}
\end{align}
or, for $M_\text{P}^8-4\alpha H^4V\neq0$,
\begin{equation}
	4\alpha V H^6+3M_\text{P}^8H^2-M_\text{P}^6V\simeq0,
	\label{eq1a}
\end{equation}
where we have taken only the first two terms of $f_2$ and the first term
of $G$ in Eqs.~(\ref{approx-f2}) and (\ref{approx-G}), respectively;
all the other terms in these equations, as well as the terms of $\dot{G}$
and $\ddot{G}$ in Eqs.~(\ref{approx-Gdot}) and (\ref{approx-Gddot}),
were neglected since they contain time derivatives of $H$ and $p$.

For the sake of simplicity, let us now introduce the dimensionless variable
\begin{equation}
	\overline{V}={V\over M_\text{P}^4}.
\end{equation}
Then, equation (\ref{eq1a}) becomes
\begin{equation}
	4\alpha \overline{V}H^6+3M_\text{P}^4H^2
	-M_\text{P}^6\overline{V}\simeq0,
\end{equation}
yielding the solution
\begin{equation}
	H^2\simeq {-1+\Big(\sqrt{\alpha \overline{V}^3}
	+\sqrt{1+\alpha\overline{V}^3}\Big)^{2/3}
	\over
	2\sqrt{\alpha\overline{V}}\Big(\sqrt{\alpha \overline{V}^3}
	+\sqrt{1+\alpha\overline{V}^3} \Big)^{1/3}}M_\text{P}^2.
	\label{eq1b}
\end{equation}

Taking into account that the energy scale of inflation,
defined as $E_{\texttt{inf}}=V^{1/4}$, is much smaller than the
reduced Planck mass, the right-hand side of Eq.~(\ref{eq1b})
can be expanded in power series of $\overline{V}\ll 1$,
yielding
\begin{equation}
	H^2 \simeq {M_\text{P}^2\over 3}\overline{V}
	\left(1	- {4\over 27}\alpha\overline{V}^3 \right),
	\label{A}
\end{equation}
where the first term on the right-hand side is the General Relativity term
and the second one is a correction due the presence of a nonminimal coupling
between matter and curvature.

Let us now turn to Eq.~(\ref{2}).
It can be written as
\begin{equation}
	2\left( M_\text{P}^2+{4\alpha H^4\over M_\text{P}^6}p \right)\dot{H}
	\simeq -\left( 1+{8\alpha H^6\over M_\text{P}^6} \right)(\rho+p)
	\label{eq2a-aux}
\end{equation}
or, equivalently,
\begin{equation}
	\dot{H}\simeq -{(M_\text{P}^6+8\alpha H^6)\dot{\phi}^2
	\over
	2(M_\text{P}^8-4\alpha M_\text{P}^4 H^4 \overline{V})},
	\label{eq2a}
\end{equation}
where we have used $\rho+p=\dot{\phi}^2$
and taken only the first two terms of $f_2$ and the first term
of $G$ in Eqs.~(\ref{approx-f2}) and (\ref{approx-G}), respectively;
all the other terms in these equations, as well as the terms of
$\ddot{G}$ in Eq.~(\ref{approx-Gddot}),
were neglected since they contain time derivatives of $H$ and $p$.

Using $H^2$ given by Eq.~(\ref{A})
and expanding in power series of $\overline{V}$, Eq.~(\ref{eq2a}) yields
\begin{equation}
	\dot{H} \simeq -{\dot{\phi}^2\over 2M_\text{P}^2}
	\left( 1+{20\over 27} \alpha\overline{V}^3\right),
	\label{B}
\end{equation}
where, again, the first term on the right-hand side is the General
Relativity term and the second is a correction due to the direct
matter-curvature coupling.

Note that, if in Eq.~(\ref{eq2a-aux}) we had also taken for $f_2$ the term
proportional to $\dot{H}$ and for $\ddot{G}$ the term proportional to
$\dot{H}\dot{p}$, we would have obtained in the right-hand side of
Eq.~(\ref{B}) an extra term proportional to $\dot{\phi}^4\overline{V}^2$;
however, since $\dot{\phi}^2/M_\text{P}^4\ll \overline{V}$,
this extra term can be neglected in comparison with the term proportional to
$\dot{\phi}^2\overline{V}^3$.

Now, taking the time derivative of Eq.~(\ref{A})
and using Eq.~(\ref{B}) to eliminate $\dot{H}$, we obtain
\begin{equation}
	\partial_\phi V \simeq -3H\dot{\phi}
	\left( 1+{20\over 27}\alpha\overline{V}^3 \right)
	\left( 1-{16\over 27}\alpha\overline{V}^3 \right)^{-1}
\end{equation}
or, expanding in power series of $\overline{V}$,
\begin{equation}
	\partial_\phi V \simeq -3H\dot{\phi}
	\left( 1+{4\over 3}\alpha\overline{V}^3 \right).
	\label{C}
\end{equation}

Taking a second time derivative, Eq.~(\ref{C}) becomes:
\begin{equation}
	\partial_{\phi\phi}^2 V \simeq 3H^2
	\left( 1+{4\over 3} \alpha \overline{V}^3 \right)
	\left(-{\dot{H}\over H^2}-{{\ddot{\phi} \over {\dot{\phi}H}}}
         \right),
	 \label{D}
\end{equation}
where we have neglected terms proportional to
$\dot{\phi}^2 \overline{V}^2$.

Using Eqs.~(\ref{A}), (\ref{B}), (\ref{C}), and (\ref{D}),
the quantities $\dot{H}/H^2$ and $\ddot{\phi}/(\dot{\phi}H)$
can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
	{\dot{H}\over H^2}\simeq \epsilon
	\left( 1-{44\over 27} \alpha \overline{V}^3 \right)
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
	{\ddot{\phi}\over \dot{\phi}H} \simeq
	\epsilon \left( 1-{44\over 27} \alpha \overline{V}^3 \right)
	-\eta \left( 1-{32\over 27} \alpha \overline{V}^3 \right),
\end{equation}
where the slow-roll parameters $\epsilon$ and $\eta$ are
given by Eqs.~(\ref{eq:epsilon}) and (\ref{eq:eta}).

Now, taking into account that in the slow-roll inflationary regime
$|\dot{H}|/H^2\ll1$ and $|\ddot{\phi}/(\dot{\phi}H)| \\ \ll 1$
we conclude that
\begin{equation}
	\epsilon\ll  1+{44\over 27} \alpha \overline{V}^3
	\quad \mbox{and} \quad |\eta|\ll
	 1+{32\over 27} \alpha \overline{V}^3.
\end{equation}

Since $\overline{V}\equiv V/ M_\text{P}^4\ll 1$ and assuming for
naturalness that $\alpha={\cal O}(1)$, we conclude that in the nonminimally
coupled theory of gravity under consideration, the slow-roll parameters
satisfy the conditions $\epsilon\ll1$ and $|\eta|\ll1$.
Because these parameters are related to the constants $c_2$ and $c_3$
arising within the de Sitter swampland conjectures
[see Eqs.~(\ref{eq:SC1}) and (\ref{eq:SC2})]
through the relations
\begin{equation}
	c_2^2<2\epsilon \quad \mbox{and} \quad c_3<|\eta|,
\end{equation}
we arrive at the conclusion that $c_2\ll 1$ and $c_3\ll 1$
during a quasi-exponential inflationary period.

Thus, we clearly see that the swampland conjectures cannot be met for
inflation in the context of theories of gravity with nonminimally coupled
matter and curvature.

\section{Discussion and Conclusions\label{sec:concl}}

In this work, in the context of the nonminimally coupled matter-curvature
theory of gravity, we have considered the compatibility of the slow-roll
conditions of inflation and the de Sitter swampland conjectures.

Despite the specificities of the nonminimally coupled theory and the fact
that it can lead to an inflationary regime which differs from the
one in General Relativity for the choice of the $f_2(R)$-function such as
in Eq.~(\ref{3}), we find that under quite general conditions the  requirements
for the inflaton potential are still very much controlled by the slow-roll
conditions.
Even though it is conceivable that the free parameter $\alpha$ introduced in
Eq.~(\ref{3}), which sets the impact of the nonminimal coupling,
could be greater than one, it cannot overcome the typical scale of the
inflaton potential and its smallness in comparison with the Planck scale.
Of course, for naturalness reasons, we assume that $\alpha={\cal O}(1)$.
Thus, we conclude that the de Sitter swampland conditions cannot be met in
the context of gravity theories with nonminimal coupling between
matter and curvature.
We expect these conclusions to hold for any number of inflation fields.

\vspace{0.5cm}

{\bf Acknowledgments}

\noindent
PMS acknowledges support from Funda\c{c}\~ao para a Ci\^encia e a
Tecnologia (Portugal) through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020
and UIDP/04434/2020.
OB and CG acknowledge support from Funda\c{c}\~ao para
a Ci\^encia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) through the research project
CERN/FIS-PAR/0027/2021.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Detect transparency in div for .click purposes? I've got three elements layered on top of one another, and each of them contains some transparency.  There is no transparency in the middle, just around the edges.  I want to be able to click the div in the background, but because the transparent space leading to the edge of the frontmost div is over it, instead the click event for that frontmost div fires.  I can't disable it or use stopPropegation() obviously, because the one in front still needs to be clickable.
Are there any solutions for detecting transparent space and differentiating it from opaque space?  Thanks!

A: This might not work, but the best I can think of - it assumes the further back divs are children of the front divs:
    $('div').click(function() {
        if($(this).css('opacity') != 1) {
            //it's transparent
           $(this).children('div').click();
        }
    });

    //mouse coordinates
    $('div#innerDiv').click(function(e) {
        var x = e.pageX;
        var y = e.pageY
    });


text:
Kajetan Piotr Morawski (1817–1880) - ziemianin, polityk, poseł na Sejm Pruski

 Kajetan Dzierżykraj-Morawski (1891-1973) - polski dyplomata, polityk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
MileSplit Indiana
Rachel Dincoff Makes Olympic Team, Hazlewood takes 2nd
Becca Atchley
The women's discus team for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics could be represented by two Indiana natives. One of them just needs to throw 96 centimeters - or 3 feet 2 inches - further than she ever has, in order to get to the Olympic standard of 63.50 meters.
On her 5th of 6 throws for the day, Rachel Dincoff, a 2012 Dekalb grad and former state champion in discus, threw a monster of 60.21(197-6) to take her into 3rd place. She had already hit the Olympic Standard back in May so she just needed to hold onto 3rd to be guaranteed a spot in Tokyo.
Dincoff ended her 6th throw with a foul but managed to hold onto that 3rd place position, securing her place on the team. She will be the first discus thrower to represent Indiana at the Olympic games, Felisha Johnson represented Indiana in the shot put in 2016. Johnson will compete in the shot put later this week.
Dincoff is a volunteer assistant coach at New Mexico State currently and is a Tracksmith athlete.
Fellow Indiana native, Micaela Hazlewood, took 2nd in the discus throw just ahead of Dincoff, but she has not made the Olympic Standard this year. The former Purdue thrower will need to find at least one more meet before the end of this month and go after that standard of 63.50 meters. She is 96 centimeters away from reaching that goal, just over 3 feet.
Hazlewood is confident she can achieve that mark, it is now the mission of finding the competition to be able to do so in time. The 26-year-old now lives in the Columbus, OH area and still trains with her college coach, Keith McBride, but in a unique way. They train via Facebook video calls and messaging due to the distance from Lexington, where McBride is the throws coach at the University of Kentucky, for her.
Hazlewood works at Columbus Springs Hospitals as a med staff coordinator and is an unsponsored athlete at this time.
Tagged Athletes
Rachel Dincoff
Micaela Hazlewood
Felisha Johnson
New Indiana Tech Indoor Track, Coach Edgar Provides Context Jan 17, 2023
Track Tuesday: Top 100 Returners in the 100/110 Hurdles Jan 24, 2023
Field Friday: Top 100 Returners In The Shot Put Jan 27, 2023
Track Tuesday: Top 100 Returners in the 300 Hurdles Jan 24, 2023
IHSAA Tournament Previews: Sectionals 25-32 Oct 07, 2022
Tweets by MileSplitIN
MileSplit Indiana Editor: Josh Horowitz,


text:
Rediff.com » Business » Indian drug majors to supply life-saving medicines to Iran
Indian drug majors to supply life-saving medicines to Iran
Last updated on: January 8, 2013 08:02 IST
India to supply life-saving medicines to Iran
Sushmi Dey in New Delhi
Major drug makers from India such as Ranbaxy, Cipla, Glenmark and Ind-Swift Laboratories will supply life-saving drugs to the Islamic Republic of Iran.
"Iran, faced with a shortage of life-saving medicines due to international economic sanctions, recently asked India for supplies. Following this, a 28-member delegation visited Tehran in mid-December to assess the requirement and negotiate other details for transactions. Payment for such transactions will be made in Indian currency and through UCO Bank," sources told Business Standard.
Representatives of various companies, including Glenmark, Ind-Swift and Hetero Drugs, were part of the delegation, headed by the Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council Of India (Pharmexcil) that visited Tehran as well as some other parts of Iran between December 17 and 19.
Pharmexcil Director General P V Appaji and officials of various companies confirmed the move. "The payment from Iran will be made in Indian rupees and through the UCO bank. However, the governments of both countries have assured the industry that companies will enjoy all the benefits that are available in dollar payment mode," Appaji said.
The request from Iran is mainly for bulk drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and generic formulations to treat lung and breast cancers, brain tumours, heart ailments and other key diseases.
"The Indian pharmaceutical industry is known for supplying good quality generic drugs and APIs. We also have trade relations in other areas with Iran. That is the reason they have approached us," Appaji said.
Various Indian companies are interested in providing mainly bulk drugs and APIs. Some companies would also supply generic formulations.
Various Indian companies such as Ranbaxy, Cipla, Ind-Swift and others already have operations in Iran and supply key generic drugs to the Islamic republic.
In fact, there are concerns among certain sections of the Indian pharmaceutical industry that companies like Ranbaxy and Cipla, which also have a significant presence in the US market, may go cautious while entering Iran as this may lead to trouble in the US, which is the world's largest drug market.
"The US is a major market for most Indian companies. On the contrary, Iran is very small. Its pharma market is pegged at $3.2 billion. So, it is likely that companies would act cautious on such proposals before going ahead. On the other hand, supplies through traders and the Dubai route are possibilities," an industry source said.
However, officials of companies, which have a presence in the US and European markets, said they had not faced any trouble so far and even planned to ramp up operations in future.
A Cipla official confirmed that the company is a leading supplier of generic drugs for oncology and respiratory problems. "We are present in 8-10 therapeutic categories in Iran and are a market leader there. We will continue our supplies," he said, on condition of anonymity.
Ind-Swift Laboratories Vice-Chairman and Managing Director N R Munjal also confirmed that the company was part of the delegation to Iran and is supplying APIs and generic drugs there.
According to Munjal, Iran is also seeking supplies from China and parts of Europe.
"There is anticipation that supplies from Europe may cease shortly due to sanctions. That is the reason they want to ensure additional supplies," he said.
On January 2, Iran's national security adviser Saeed Jalili said that international economic sanctions on Iran were not a "threat", but an "opportunity".
Trade in medicine is exempt from international sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council and the unilateral sanctions announced by the US and
EU. However, western banks have been refusing to handle such transactions.
Photographs: Babu/Reuters
Tags: Islamic Republic of Iran , Cipla , UCO Bank , Appaji , Ind-Swift Laboratories
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text:
Many patients put their complete trust in their physician when they go into the hospital for a medical procedure. A Johns Hopkins study conducted in 2012 revealed that over 4,000 surgical errors are made by medical professionals annually. Additionally, an analysis of data collected in hospitals between the years 1990 and 2010 revealed that doctors leave sponges inside of a patient's body during surgery about 39 times per week.
Consequences of retained sponges
Doctors forgetting about a sponge in the body of one of their patients during an operation can lead to serious consequences for the patient. Retained sponges can cause a patient to:
Need several additional surgeries to correct the physician's mistake
Suffer from nerve or organ damage
Be permanently scarred or disabled
Experience an infection that leads to further medical complications
Bleed so much internally that it eventually leads to severe blood loss or death
For example, in 2010, a woman left the hospital where she had a cesarean section, feeling like something wasn't quite right within her body. A month after the operation, her stomach became so swollen that it almost appeared as if she was pregnant again. Two weeks later, she was rushed to the emergency room after having difficulties with her bowels.
Once X-rays were taken of the woman's abdomen, physicians discovered that there was a sponge, about the size of a small towel, stuck inside her abdominal region. In order to remove the sponge, she had to undergo an operation that took six hours and required her to stay in the hospital for three weeks.
What can hospitals do to prevent the problem?
Hospitals can implement certain technologies into their operations that can prevent surgical devices, like sponges, from getting left behind in the bodies of their patients. According to a USA Today review, sponge-tracking systems designed to specifically trace the location of sponges used during an operation at all times only add about $8 to $12 to the cost of surgeries. However, many hospitals don't consider using this technology because other medical malpractice issues, like patients lapsing during infection control, are of greater concern. Additionally, the symptoms of a retained sponge are often not realized for several months or even years after an operation, making it difficult for patients to trace their problems back to the exact place of origination.
Those who have suffered due to a surgeon failing to remove a sponge from within their body after an operation may benefit from working with an attorney who can hold the hospital and surgeon accountable for their negligent actions.