3, xi, 531 leaves: maps 28 cm.
This is a policy implementation case study. The case is the relocation of the Town of North Bonneville, Washington, by the U.S. Army Corps of engineers. Three questions are addressed in this study. One, did the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, in relocating the Town, accomplish what was intended to be accomplished? Two, how and why were Federal policies applicable to the relocation of this town changed during the implementation process? Three, what can the North Bonneville experience contribute to existent knowledge, understanding, and appreciation of policy implementation? The principal precepts for policy implementation promoted by this study of the relocation of the Town of North Bonneville, Washington, are as follows: (1) Implementing agencies must recognize and consider what they have to do or may have to do to accomplish what they are intended to accomplish,not merely what they want to do or expect to do. Potential impediments to implementation that are unrecognized and unconsidered may fail to develop, but unless addressed problems cannot be solved. (2) Implementing agencies must expeditiously study and understand the policies that they are assigned to implement. Failure of understanding presents the appearance of ambiquity; indeed, even the clearest policy is effectively ambiquous if it is not understood. (3) Implementing agencies must promptly and plainly explain the policies they are charged with implementing to affected and interested persons or groups. Failure to explain leaves affected and interested persons or groups to form their own expectations of what the policy is, which expectations if erroneous may be difficult to dislodge. (4) Implementing agencies must attend that once a policy is stated and explained all subsequent actions are consistent with the policy as stated and that any action that may appear to constitute a deviation is adequately explained. Otherwise the credibility of the agency and of the policy being implemented by the agency is undermined.
Reinke, Cecil Eugene, "The Relocation of North Bonneville, Washington, by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: A Policy Implementation Study" (1991). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1379.


Digitalization is the buzzword voiced by leading members of the Lufthansa Group in a mantra-like manner on all internal and external occasions. At a recently held, extremely well attended forum at Frankfurt Airport, the LH airline group presented their latest technical innovations, illustrating which service improvements and benefits passengers as well as cargo clients can expect from databased product enhancements. In their eyes, the carrier is taking off to new horizons.
LH Group's Chief Carsten Spohr eyes shone when illustrating his airline's digital journey to about 60 journalist who had come to FRA from nearly every corner of the world. "Air transport from A to B," said Carsten, "is a replaceable product," thus old style. The future of carriers belonging to the premium segment, where LH sees itself, consists of customized and individualized services, he emphasized. This creates a new travel quality resulting in high passenger satisfaction or content freight customers who are offered innovative service solutions driven by databased shipping and handling processes.
Cornerstone of his airline's course into the challenging world of smart flying is, together with some technical innovations, the sequential use of travel and transport data. Knowing as many details of his airline's customers builds the platform for personalized offerings, which will become the big differentiator in aviation, manager Spohr stressed. "The more data our clients provide, the better we can understand their specific needs and serve them individually," he exclaimed.
Viewed in this light, aviation will undergo a radical change, at least at the upper end: a continued shift from mass to class. Anyone who cannot keep up with the digital pace set by the world's best will eventually run into trouble, with the exception of the budget sector or niche carriers that follow different business models.
Wrapping the forum's impressions up it can be said that in the months ahead Lufthansa, Austrian and Eurowings will become Flying Labs, with group member Swiss supposedly following suit sometime after.
Lufthansa's new digitalized universe is also radiating onto the carrier's cargo daughter, evidenced at the Frankfurt forum by a special RAP 10001 cool container stemming from supplier DoKaSch. It's a smart box, whose implemented software categorizes the workflow and provides users pro-active information needed to ensure the safe transport of pharmaceuticals, vaccines, dangerous goods or any kind of perishables. "The programmed route plan informs the ground staff exactly which measures have to be taken next to comply with the work plan, like deicing or battery charging to safeguard the smooth transport of the container and its valuable contents," explains Joerg Bodenroeder, Director Handling Special Products at LH Cargo.
All steps are transmitted in real time to the ground staff's smart watches that each team member is equipped with, paid for by LH Cargo. In case irregularities should occur at a warehouse or the apron of a given airport, the Frankfurt-based control tower gets an automatic failure notification from the device embedded in each of the €70,000 euros expensive RAP 10001 cool boxes. "The incoming signal is immediately transmitted to the station involved in order for the local team to take countermeasures at once," assures Ali Oenalan, manager at LH Cargo's Competence Center Temperature Control.
Seen from DoKaSch Opticooler's angle, artificial intelligence invented by the supplier's technicians is fast moving up front in the air freight industry, telling ground staff the steps that need to be taken next in order to safeguard the journey of a given shipment.
A glance at statistics reveals significant differences from region to region. While in the Far East and Southeast Asia between 60 to 65 percent of all air shipment are sent paperless, Europe in comparison trails by about 50 percent with North America not doing much better. "It needs a cultural change to move forward faster," urges Thorsten. The good news is that Lufthansa Cargo's eAWB share is growing by one percent each month. It could accelerate very soon once the carrier offers clients an "eLane" called point of freight acceptance where they can drop off their goods that travel paperless.
However, despite some positive achievements it will take time to overcome politically motivated bottlenecks, as is the case in Mexico for instance. There, each Master Air Waybill has to be signed using a pen with blue ink. If the ink is either black, red or green the country's customs authorities won't accept the document.
Mexico is just one example showing that progress in eFreight will still need a long time despite the fast growth of artificial intelligence and operational efficiencies enabled by the digital age.


text:
Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency
Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency December 18th, 2017 LezWatch.TV
Overview Characters Similar Shows
Dirk Gently is a 'holistic' detective. He solves weird, supernatural, crimes. Everything looks like a coincidence until it all clicks together and fits. If you ever played the Hitchhiker's Guide text-based game (think "Zork"), and tried to figure out how many weird things you had to do in order to get the stupid universal translator into your ear, this show is just like that. Everything looks random until it all fits. Holisticly.
The problem is that holistic medicine is watered down. And so is this show. It tries so so so hard to be like Douglas Adams' zany, witty, quirky work (which yes, this is based on), that it just falls as off-kilter as any American remake of a British show. The original story is weird enough, but there's something about how this is told that is incredibly divisive. You'll either love it or hate it. I didn't love it.
The acting is phenomenal, the writing and cinematography are brilliant, and yet it just never clicked right for me. Apparently a lot of people felt that way too. The show was canceled after two seasons.
There is 1 queer character listed for this show; none are dead.
Recurring (1)
Tina Tevetino
userIzzie Steele
If you like Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency you may also like these shows.
Hitmen
Frankie Drake Mysteries
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Suggest an Edit for Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency
Is it Worth Watching?
thumbs-downNo
I tried watching this, but after two episodes gave up and walked away.
Show Score: 45
Airs On: BBC America, Netflix
Airs In: United Kingdom, USA
Show Format: TV Show
Airdates: 2016 - 2017 (2 seasons)
Genres: Comedy, Mystery, Sci-Fi
Queers in Law Enforcement
Realness
heartheartheartheartheart Rating: 3 Hearts (out of 5)
Screentime

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This past Sunday I had the painful joy of partaking in Cortland's Trick or Trot 5K. I say painful because my body was not too happy with me that day and it had every right to protest.
Why was I in so much pain?!
Oh, ya know, because I switched my training run around just so I could participate in said 5K. I crammed in 15 glorious miles the day prior (16 if you count the extra mile I had walked to get home) and my body was feeling it.
Regardless of my lactic-acid drenched thighs, I was able to do the best with what I had and fared better than expected.
Even more exciting than my ability to move the day after such a long run was the fact that my little guy, Connor was able to participate in his first "race"!
This event is definitely a must-attend for any parent! Not only did they provide daycare during the race, but the little tykes were able to participate in their very own 100 yard dash.
Connor is still a tad young to understand the concept of when to run (though he does it on command any other day) so when the horn went off he just stood there. I leaped in and trotted by his side until he got the idea. He was VERY eager to catch that little shark ahead of him and finished his loop with a little help from mommy.
Then it was mommy's turn. I didn't quite know what to expect or how hard I would be able to push myself, but I managed to bring some life in my tired limbs. I was tailed the entire race by a woman in a bright neon green shirt and I could tell that she was pacing me and trying to keep up so seeing her in my peripheral was just enough to keep me going when every inch of my legs burned.
A pair of flamingoes and superheroes just ahead were also there to keep my motivated. I so badly wanted to pass them. I did finally manage to pass them, but superhero batman had to pass me in the final seconds of the race and I finally felt like that infamous bird flipping runner. All in all I was rather pleased considering I had physically exhausted myself the day before and still managed to place respectably 54/142 overall and 9/22 in my division.
It wasn't my best rest, but it was fun and I am eager to give it another go next year. I'm even thinking that if I work on my training it could be a potential placement race in the future (unless it gets bigger and draws Ithaca crows–why are they so damned fast?!).
Have you participated in any Halloween themed races this month?


text:
Guy Who Ran Verizon's Failing AOL-Yahoo Hybrid Leaving With $85 Million Golden Parachute
Tom McKay
Published 3 years ago: March 22, 2019 at 12:00 am -
Filed to:aol
digital medialate capitalismmediaoathtechnologytim armstrongverizonverizon media groupyahoo
Tim Armstrong, onetime Google executive and former CEO of AOL and its successor, Verizon's troubled, digital media-focused Oath group, departed Verizon in 2018 just months before the corporation took a $6 billion accounting charge on Oath.
According to a Tuesday report in the Wall Street Journal, he's walking away with a staggering $85 million-plus payout.
The Journal wrote that most of that golden parachute comes from equity he was granted when Verizon bought AOL in 2015 for $6 billion, a decision the company now likely regrets. The rest of the pile comes from executive pay and severance, the paper reported:
The cash and stock awards and other benefits, pieced together from disclosures in a securities filing late Monday, are a combination of Mr. Armstrong's 2018 compensation, severance and a special incentive package that Verizon granted Mr. Armstrong when it bought AOL in 2015.
… Most of Mr. Armstrong's compensation for 2018 and 2019 comes from a so-called founders equity award he was granted when Verizon bought AOL. The first part vested last spring and the remainder is set to vest in coming months, according to regulatory filings… Mr. Armstrong received $31.1 million from the founders award last year and stands to get another $23 million in June if the value of the media group is unchanged from the end of 2018, a Verizon spokesman said. In all, he would get about 80 per cent of the founders award.
In the year 2000, AOL agreed to buy Time Warner for $232 billion. Shortly after Armstrong joined the company in 2009, it was Time Warner spinning off AOL, with Reuters reporting that the AOL's market capitalisation had plunged to a pitiful $5 billion.
In 2011, leaked documents showed that Armstrong was pushing a massive increase in content quotas on editorial staff, with one of those staffers telling Business Insider that AOL was "the most fucked-up, bullshit company on earth." In 2014, Armstrong was heavily criticised for blaming the sick babies of two AOL staffers for increasing health care costs at the company.
In early 2015, Quartz reported that a significant portion of its business still relied on revenue from legacy customers who were still paying for dialup internet service. However, Wired noted its advertising business was beginning to grow quickly.
That turnaround didn't last. Verizon purchased AOL in 2015 and later bought out Yahoo in 2017 for just shy of $6 billion.
Armstrong headed up Oath, a unit set up to merge both AOL and Yahoo. Oath (as of January 2019, Verizon Media) owns numerous media operations including HuffPost, TechCrunch, Engadget, and Yahoo! News; it was supposed to be an ad platform-media hybrid challenging Silicon Valley giants by making ample use of Verizon subscriber data to target ads at its web audience.
As CNN noted, Oath never really did anything to challenge the Facebook-Google online ad duopoly. By late 2018, there were rumours that Verizon had considered spinning off the unit entirely, its streaming video ventures had failed, and the Washington Post reported that its share of the digital ad market was shrinking as Amazon and Snap Inc.'s shares grew.
After announcing the multi-billion-dollar writedown, the unit began laying off around 7 per cent of its staff.
Verizon has since announced it plans to focus on wireless technology, rather than its media holdings.
[Wall Street Journal]


text:
Turkish investors eye chances in Tanzania
Ambassador of the United Republic of Tanzania to Turkey, Prof. Elizabeth K. Kiondo/
By Alex Nelson Malanga
Dar es Salaam. Ten Turkish investors have shown interest to invest in Tanzania, country's envoy to Turkey Elizabeth Kiondo told journalists yesterday.
Officials of five of the ten Turkish companies toured the Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC) to explore possible areas for investment.
Some of the firms that have shown interest are Pedo Corporation– a leading manufacturer of baby and adult diaper in Turkey; ERF Grup–Fan and Pomp manufacturer; and Yenler Textile–a manufacturer of curtains and home textile. Others are Compass (General trade), Compass (textile and furniture) and Compass (construction materials).
TIC's investment promotion director John Mnali cited some of the areas which appeared to be of more interest to the investors as manufacturing and assembling of agricultural machineries. "We're going on with discussions on other potential areas for investment," said Mr Mnali.
He added: "We have plenty of opportunities in manufacturing, value addition in agricultural products, minerals, fisheries, livestock and forests." Compass foreign trade director Bestami Keçeli told The Citizen on the sidelines of the meeting that they were planning to start producing here the same products they are importing into the country.
Currently, the company supplies here various products including textiles, building and construction materials, furniture, generators, kitchen and bathroom items as well as agricultural and livestock products.
He said: "To start with, we plan to invest some $20 million in equipment, staff and areas for investment in the next two years."
In a meeting of the Turkey-Tanzania Business Council in January 2017, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's highlighted the need to improve bilateral trade volume from $150 million (Sh345 billion) at the time to $250 million (Sh575 billion) during the first stage and then to $500 million (Sh1.2 trillion) later on.
In an exclusive interview with a Daily Sabah, in February this year then Turkey's ambassador to Tanzania Ali Davutoğlu said the two had already hit the $250 million bilateral trade volume mark thanks to quickly developing economic ties.
Turkey has been cementing bilateral ties with Tanzania with new projects in the sectors of the economy, trade, railway, tourism, agriculture, industry and construction.
"I think we will reach $500 million mark in a short time," Ambassador Davutoğlu was quoted as saying.
Kardag general manager Merve safa Güdül said with developing economic ties between the two countries, more Turkish companies would seek business opportunities in Tanzania.
"Turkey has attached importance to enhancing ties with Tanzania as this East African country has a spectacular natural habitat and a wide range of resources," said Mr Güdül.
Export Processing Zone Authority (EPZA) assured investors of an enabling environment for investment, saying Tanzania was the best destination for investment.
Speaking during the meeting, EPZA senior investment promotion Officer Kanuti Mosha said investors wishing to invest in the Export Processing Zone will enjoy exemption on corporate tax for 10 years.
They will also be exempted from paying import duty and value added tax on capital goods, raw materials, construction materials and withholding tax on rent, dividend and interests.
juwi South Africa to build solar PV plant at Pan African's Evander Mines
Mponeng sale a milestone in SA mining
AFEX Expands Operations To Uganda, Appoints Group CEO and Presidents
Argus Fertilizer Africa Conference
The African Countries with Improved Inflation Rates in the New Year


EASE has created several guidelines which we encourage members and non-members to adopt. We have also compiled toolkits which are links to online resources that may be used as reference and training guides.
We are keen to develop further guidelines and toolkits, so please do email us to make suggestions for improving our current guidelines and toolkits, and for new topics which we can develop.
The EASE Guidelines for Authors and Translators of Scientific Articles to be Published in English provide simple, clear advice aimed at making international scientific communication more efficient.
See also our publications and resources pages which provide more useful information for editors.


text:
Blessed Justo Takayama Ukon
Fate of a Christian Daimyo
Takayama's Manila
The Search for the Bones of Takayama Ukon
Lord Takayama in World War II
Plaza Dilao in History
Takayama Ukon and 'La Japona'
Beatification
Journeying with Lord Takayama
The Beatification of Blessed Justo Takayama Ukon
Blessed Takayama Has a Special Place in Jesuit Precincts
October 3, 2018 October 4, 2018 ernestodepedro
Chapel of the Loyola School of Theology (LST)
►After the Beatification of Blessed Justo Ukon Takayama (1552-1615) in Osaka on Feb. 7, 2017 – the Jesuit community at the Ateneo de Manila celebrated a Thanksgiving Mass at the chapel of the Loyola School of Theology on Saturday, March 18, 2017.
Very Rev. Fr. Antonio F. Moreno, then the Jesuit Father Provincial, officiated at the concelebrated Mass, along with Fr. James McTavish, provincial superior of Verbum Dei Missionaries, and Fr. Iwao "Wow" Daniel Ikegami, FMVD.
In the congregation were priests, scholastics, seminarians, lay and religious students, and Japanese nuns from various Metro-Manila congregations — and the former Jesuit Superior General in Rome, Fr. Adolfo Nicolas, who lived in retirement at the Ateneo.
Homily by Japanese Priest Born in Brazil
The homily was delivered by Fr. Iwao "Wow" Ikegami, a Brazilian-born Japanese who was ordained August 2015, sharing his journey to the priesthood and the relevance of Blessed Takayama Ukon to relations between the churches of Japan and the Philippines.
Loyola School of Theology (LST) is an international academic community
Blessed Takayama — A Jesuit "Cause"
►Among 86 Daimyo who converted to Christianity, Lord Takayama, as patron of Jesuit missions, used his resources to support the growth and expansion of the early church of Japan — building churches, chapels and seminaries for the Jesuit missionaries, who were the only Catholic religious congregation in Japan beginning 1549 till 1602 when Manila-based Spanish missionaries started arriving.
It was a Jesuit, Padre Pedro Morejon, who conducted a 30-day "Spiritual Exercises" for Lord Takayama — in preparation for martyrdom — before the exile ship left Nagasaki for Manila with 350 Japanese Christian deportees on Nov. 8, 1614.
It was this same Jesuit, Fr. Morejon — (Takayama's father-confessor) — who wrote the petition of the Manila Archdiocese dated Oct. 5, 1630 — proposing to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints a Japanese Catholic — who died in Manila; under church rubric "where one dies, is where one is born to Heaven" — as the FIRST saint of the Philippine Church.
It was also a committee of Jesuit historians in Japan, headed by Sophia University's Fr. Hubert Cieslik, SJ, who prepared in 1963 all the supporting documents for Takayama's "Positio."
First as Confessor — Then as Martyr
It was the Jesuit General Postulator, Fr. Paolo Molinari, SJ, who presented the original "Postio" enumerating the heroic virtues of a Confessor — "Servus Dei, Justus Takayama Ukon: Materia Praeparata Pro Propositione Super Virtutibus Servi Dei Justi Takayama Ukon" (Manila: Lord Takayama Jubilee Foundation, 1994) – which resulted in Takayama's being recognized as a "Servant of God."
It was another Jesuit General Postulator, Fr. Anton Witwer, SJ, who submitted the revised version for a Martyr – "Positio Super Martirio: Beatificationis Seu Declarationis Martyrii Servi Dei Iusti Takayama Ukon Viri Laici in Odium Fidei, Uti Fertur, Interfecti" (Rome: 2015).
Pope Francis Issues 'Decree of Martyrdom'
It was another Jesuit, Pope Francis, who allowed the "switching" of the "Cause of Takayama" from Confessor (when Takayama earned the title "Servant of God" on June 8, 1994) to Martyr – by issuing a Decree of Martyrdom on Jan. 21, 2016, recognizing Takayama as a martyr — a "layperson … from Japan [who] died from the hatred of the Faith on Feb. 3, 1615 in Manila, Philippines."
In an unusual development, the "Servant of God" Justo Ukon Takayama skipped the "Venerable" stage — and went directly to "Blessed."
Takayama Conference Room
Loyola School of Theology (LST)
Rev. Fr. Jose V. C. Quilongquilong, SJ, President, Loyola House of Studies, shares that the Loyola School of Theology has honored Blessed Takayama by naming a conference room after him. The "Takayama Conference Room" is located in the Lucas-LST Wing.
Loyola School of Theology (LST) is one of the seven (7) English-speaking faculties of theology in the world administered by the Society of Jesus and is the only one in the Jesuit Conference of Asia Pacific. For School Year 2018-2019, the LST has 470 seminarians, priests, lay and religious students (283 Filipino and 187 international students) representing 63 religious congregations, 72 dioceses and 38 countries around the world.
Wanted: One Miracle from God Interceded by Blessed Takayama
Dom Justo Ukon Takayama (1552-1615), Lord of Takatsuki Castle at 21. During his 12-year rule of Takatsuki, 18,000 out of 25,000 residents converted to Christianity
Today, Takayama's "Cause" is awaiting one validating miracle through the intercession of Blessed Takayama — a requirement to show that indeed Blessed Takayama dwells in the presence of God.
The final step is canonization – or inclusion in the Roman Catholic Church's Canon of Saints, now numbering over 10,000 Saints.#
Dr. Ernesto A. de Pedro
Takayama Trustee
Posted in Takayama Ukon, Uncategorized
Previous postCardinal Tagle Cites Significance of Blessed Takayama
Next post'Blessed Lord Takayama' – The Opera
Prayer for Blessed Takayama's Intercession
The final condition for Ukon Takayama's canonization is that miracles be obtained through his intercession.
Let us therefore address ourselves to our saintly brother and ask Divine Providence to grant us through his intercessions what is impossible to man, be it a miraculous cure or something else which God Almighty alone is able to do. Let us have great confidence in the powerful intercession of this distinguished Servant of God, who will not fail to reward the heroic deeds in His Service by granting us our request, even if it would call for a great miracle. Favors obtained through Blessed Ukon Takayama's intercession should be reported to the Bishop of your diocese so as to be presented to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.
The following prayer may properly serve the purpose and ought to be addressed to the Lord by as many as possible, whenever human means fail to help us in our needs.
God, in Your Wonderful Providence, You have chosen Justus Ukon Takayama to be a singular promoter of Your Kingdom, and an undaunted witness to the Catholic Faith -- Reward, we beseech you, his zeal for Your Glory, and graciously grant us what we humbly ask through his intervention.
Grant us also that following his example, we may bravely bear all trials for the sake of our holy Catholic Faith. Through Jesus Christ Our Lord. Amen.
LORD TAKAYAMA JUBILEE FOUNDATION
The LORD TAKAYAMA JUBILEE FOUNDATION was registered on September 29, 1988 by Filipino and Japanese history buffs to support Philippine research into the life and times of the illustrious Japanese feudal governor, Justus Ukon Takayama (1552-1615).
With the Beatification of the Japan-born Manila Catholic, Lord Takayama, on Feb. 7, 2017, the Blessed Justo Takayama Ukon Canonization Movement is now promoted by the Prayer Warriors of Blessed Takayama, P.O. Box 1677, MANILA 1000, Philippines.
Managing Trustee
P.O. Box 1677, Manila C.P.O.
Vatican-Bound Cardinal Tagle Commends Blessed Takayama to the Care of Filipino Bishops January 29, 2020
By Reason of Our Baptism, We Are All Missionary Disciples, Called Upon to Spread 'The Word' ~ Pope Francis January 7, 2020
On Record: Pope Remembers Beatification of 'Christ's Samurai' in Japan December 31, 2019
On Record: Pope Francis' First Reflection on Beatification of 'Christ's Samurai' in Japan December 8, 2019
Pope Francis' Address to Japan's Bishops, during his Apostolic Journey to Japan (Nov. 23-26, 2019) November 24, 2019
The Discovery of the 'Hidden Christians' of Japan November 18, 2019
Justus Ukon Takayama: the Greatest Japanese Missionary of the 16th Century November 16, 2019
Timeline of Blessed Justo Ukon Takayama in Manila November 5, 2019


Approximately 8% of the UK male population has a degree of congenital colour vision deficiency. These deficiencies are almost exclusively red (protan) or green (deutan) type deficiencies. During my time at the CAA, I was involved in the development of a computer-based colour vision assessment test through research carried out at City University. The Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) is the result of this research and is now the UK CAA's recognised advanced colour vision assessment test carried out on anyone who fails the Ishihara plates (the standard colour vision screening test).
A CAD test can be carried out without undergoing a full medical examination and if you know that you may have an issue with colour vision, it is suggested that you have a CAD test prior to the rest of your medical. Up to certain defined levels of colour vision deficiency are considered acceptable for unrestricted Class 1 and 2 medical certification. CAD tests can also be carried out for Class 3 certification, however note that stricter standards apply and applicants must demonstrate 'normal trichromacy'. Following your assessment, you will be given documentation of your results.
Appointments can be arranged by calling 07561 453465. The cost of the CAD test is £120 and assessments are carried out at Heathrow or central London.


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Here's a short, sharp piece of advice for writers who are encountering difficulty beginning a story.
Let me set the scene. You've been playing with the idea for a new story – long or short – for the past little while.
You have a fix on the characters involved in the opening. You have several ideas for possible opening scenes. You've played with writing it in the first person: more intimate, more emotionally direct. But you've also considered the third person.
You're concerned also about the tone you'll adopt. Will there be a slight satirical undertow, or will you avoid social commentary entirely? Will your voice be warm and colloquial – or quirky, even spikey?
How will your protagonist talk about her brother/husband/best friend? In terms affectionate, or slightly critical? Will there be a touch of jealousy in her tone, or admiration? Or both?
In short, you're confronted by a range of choices that you have to make. Your story will unfold in very different ways depending on the choices you make now.
My suggestion is… Do them all.
Try an attack on the story using the first person. Inhabit your character. Write from her heart and the intricate interstices of her brain.
Then write an opening in third person. Watch events unfold from the slight distance that this point of view gives you. But still take care to colour the perceptions of her world with her unique perspective.
Then take a step back and think, where else might you begin the story? Not on the day of the explosion, but the day after, when your characters are trying to make sense of the events that blew their world apart. Don't mention the explosion.
And so work your way through the various alternatives that make sense to you. Try that satirical edge, if you like. Massage your character so that she becomes a little more eccentric. Give her, in these opening stanzas of your piece, a really sharp and acidic tongue.
Don't stop just because you've written one opening scene that you're rather enamoured with. Write three, four, five – a dozen versions. You've got the time. You've got the imagination.
And you'll discover a few very interesting things as you work your way through your various alternatives.
You'll discover, for instance, that knowing that you're "just practising" will dispel those opening page nerves that so often inhibit us beginning a story.
You'll discover that the obvious approach is not necessarily the most entertaining, dramatic or suspenseful approach.
And you'll discover that giving your protagonist different tones and voices will tell you a great deal about her that you hadn't known before.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The discovery of quantum Hall effect in 1980 (Ref.~\cite{QHE}) has widely encouraged the study of topological invariants in solid state systems.\cite{TKNN,Haldane,Halperin,TIreviewCK,TIreviewSCZ,TIreviewTD} This has also contributed to the inception of many new physical concepts such as Thouless-Kohmoto-Nightingale-den Nijs (TKNN) invariants,\cite{TKNN} composite fermions,\cite{JainCF} and also raised the hope for the realization of many non-Abelian `particles' in the condensed matter setups.\cite{TIreviewCK,TIreviewSCZ} Subsequently, quantum spin-Hall (QSH)\cite{QSHE} and quantum anomalous Hall (QAH)\cite{QAHE,QAHEV} states were realized in which Hall current arises in the absence of external magnetic field. In both cases transverse spin current arises from the chiral spin-orbit entanglement with and without time-reversal symmetry, respectively. In these two subclasses, density-functional theory (DFT) has taken the preceding role in predicting suitable materials, which were followed by experimental realizations.

The fascinating interplay between topological, magnetic and transport properties of QAH effects has tremendous scientific and technological interests. Therefore, the discovery of single-crystal QAH insulators with intrinsic long-range magnetization is considered imperative. Most of the search for QAH materials have so far been within the two-dimensional (2D) QSH, or thin-films of topological insulators. The idea here is to suppress one of their chiral spin current by inducing ferromagnetic (FM) state through impurity, doping or proximity effect. This guideline has led to the predictions of a variety of materials within the magnetically doped graphene,\cite{grapheneafm} QSH systems,\cite{HgCr} thin films of topological insulators,\cite{QAHTITh} quantum well states of Weyl semimetal HgCr$_2$Se$_4$,\cite{HgQW} and related materials (a comprehensive list of the predicted QAH materials is provided in Table~\ref{Tab:Mat}). Thin films of topological insulators are synthesized to date to exhibit QAH effect with magnetic impurities.\cite{QAHE,QAHEV} However, so far there is no single crystal with innate magnetic order and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) know to be QAH insulator.

We begin by considering the vast possibility of magnetic materials with strong SOC, and narrow down the list by eliminating the choices via crystal structure selection, absence of continuous magnetic transition, or impurity prone lattice etc. By using density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that the FM La$X$ ($X$=Br, Cl, and I) is a layered material class which exhibits band crossing between different orbitals and opposite spins at a momenta contour near the Fermi level without SOC.\cite{WOS} As SOC is switched on, the `inverted' insulating band gap opens in LaBr, LaCl and LaI, but not in LaF, endowing the former systems into the uncharted territory of intrinsic QAH insulators. To understand and characterize these properties, we have also formulated a realistic tight-binding model and estimated the QAH index via Berry curvature computation. LaBr and LaCl are also found to be flexible for enhancing their band gap via small strain. Much like how Bi- and Sb- based binary topological insulators provided the breakthrough for the discovery and predictions of many related materials and their ternary and quaternary variants, our prediction provides a guiding principle for manipulating and expanding the `bulk' and intrinsic QAH insulator classes in related materials.

The reminder of this article is organized as follows. In Sec.~\ref{Sec:Mat}, we describe the materials selection process for the QAH insulators. The corresponding first-principles band structure calculation for La$X$ family is performed in Sec.~\ref{Sec:DFT}. Then we develop a material specific two band tight-binding model for La$X$ with SOC and FM order in Sec.~\ref{Sec:TB}. The Berry phase and Chern number calculations are presented in Sec.~\ref{Sec:Berry}. We have also demonstrated the presence of edge states in Sec.~\ref{Sec:Edge}. Strain enhancement of the bulk gap is shown in Sec.~\ref{Sec:Strain}. Finally, we conclude in Sec.~\ref{Sec:Conclusion}. In Appendix~\ref{SecA:Band}, we present the details of the band progression from paramagnetic state to the FM state with and without SOC. The full derivation of the tight-binding model is provided in Appendix~\ref{SecA:TB}. A list of prior predicted and experimentally realized materials with the corresponding tuning parameter and band gap is created in Table~\ref{Tab:Mat}.

\section{Materials selection}\label{Sec:Mat}

Candidate materials for bulk QAH insulators may be sought in compounds where (1) magnetism and SOC can be intrinsically present; (2) the magnetic transition is continuous with temperature, or otherwise the magnetic interactions would often not be long-ranged; (3) a stable non-high symmetric lattice structure which would have higher propensity towards band inversion\cite{TIreviewTD}; and (4) single crystal growth would be feasible with clear surface state, where dopant or impurity scattering can be made sufficiently small to achieve large values of transport properties.

Simple candidates may include $d$-electron ferromagnets in the heavy-element compounds, or intercalated with heavy-elements for sufficiently large SOC. But these systems often have cubic or tetragonal lattice, and in some cases, lack inversion symmetry which sometimes reduces the band inversion strength.\cite{TIreviewTD} Similar complication arises in simple $d$-electron antiferromagnets in which, moreover, the magnetic transitions are sometimes not continuous. In addition, much of these systems suffer from the problems of impurity and low transport properties.

More promising candidates can be expected within the actinide and lanthanide compounds. Actinides have larger SOC strength. But due to larger bandwidth of 5$f$ states, the interaction strength decreases and they often escapes magnetism. More importantly, radioactive materials suffer from radiation induced defects. We then consider lanthanide based rear-earth elements. Their low-energy spectrum remain poised between the $d$- and $f$- electronic configurations, which make them versatile for commencing diverse materials properties. Among the rear-earth elements, lanthanum (La) provides the common element for materials with properties as diverse as half-Huesler topological insulators,\cite{LaTI1,LaTI2} colossal magnetoresistance,\cite{LaCMR} metal-insulator transition,\cite{LaMIT} as well as high-temperature superconductivity.\cite{LaTc} Therefore, La is a good candidate element to search for large gap intrinsic QAH effect.

For the anion element, we consider halogen elements because of their high electronegativity which enables strong chemical bonding with La cations. Furthermore, halogen elements form very weak bonds within the diatonic ($X_2$) element, raising the possibility for obtaining layered systems with topological consequences. Our search by DFT calculations indeed yielded in a stable compounds La$X$ ($X$=Br, Cl, and I), which belong to the rhombohedral crystal structure with the space group $R{\bar 3}m$ and point group $D^5_{3d}$. As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig1}(a), the structure is characterized by a sequence of triangular network layers composed of La and $X$ atoms. Each bilayer has two inequivalent La atoms (denoted by `A' and `B' layers) arranged in patterns as demonstrated in Fig.~\ref{fig1}(b). All such bilayers are related to each other by inversion symmetry along the $c$-axis, and the inter-bilayer interaction arises from the weak van-der Waals interaction and is thus considerably small.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\rotatebox[origin=c]{0}{\includegraphics[width=0.99\columnwidth]{fig1}}
\caption{(Color online) (a) Crystal structure of LaBr, with two inequivalent La atoms forming a bilayer, defined by a hexagonal layer with a triangle layer on its top or bottom plane, respectively. (b) Top view of two bilayers. The middle bilayer in (a) is same as other bilayers, but shifted in the $a$-$b$ plane. (c) Primitive rhombohedral unit cell of LaBr. (d) Brillouin zone with space group of $R\bar{3}m$.
}\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

\section{Band structure calculations}
\subsection{First-principles calculation}\label{Sec:DFT}
Electronic structure calculations are carried out using DFT within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA)\cite{PBE} as implemented within the VASP package\cite{VASP}. Projected augmented-wave (PAW)~\cite{PAW} pseudopotentials are used to describe core electrons. GGA+U method is used to deal with the strong correlations in these materials with the standard value of $U$ = 8 eV on the correlated La-5$d$ orbitals.\cite{LaBr3}. We have also explored a large range of $U$=0 to 8~eV, and the results remain characteristically the same. Moreover, the band structure is reproduced with other functionals including the local density approximation (LDA) + U, the van der Waals (vdW)-density functional (DF) [optB86b-vdW functional] method\cite{vdW} and the hybrid functional HSE06~\cite{HSE}. The conjugate gradient method is used to obtain relaxed geometries. Both atomic positions and cell parameters are allowed to relax, until the forces on each atom are less than 1 meV/\AA. The optimized lattice vectors and atomic positions are listed in Ref.~\cite{SI}. The kinetic energy cutoff of 650 eV and a $k$-mesh grid of 8$\times$8$\times$8 are used in the self-consistent calculations. In order to analyze the stability of lattice dynamics, force constants are calculated for a 2$\times$2$\times$2 super-cell within the framework of density functional perturbation theory. Subsequently, the phonon dispersions are calculated using Phonopy package\cite{phonopy}. The formation enthalpy of LaX compound is calculated as: $H_{\rm f}^{\rm DFT}$ = E$_{\rm tot}$(LaX) - E$_{\rm tot}$(La) - E$_{\rm tot}(X)$, where E$_{\rm tot}$(LaX), E$_{\rm tot}$(La) and  E$_{\rm tot}(X)$ are the total energy per formula-unit of La$X$,  La and $X$ respectively, in their bulk form. Both the phonon dispersion and formation energy show that La$X$ compounds are stable. Finally, given the valency of La ion being three, the natural compound to expect is La$X_3$.\cite{LaBr3} Therefore, relative stabilities of the multiphase system are analyzed by comparing their formation enthalpies. Here, the formation enthalpy of La$X$ is found to differ only slightly from that of La$X_3$, and thus the former sample can also be grown easily. See Ref.~\cite{SI} for further details of the DFT calculation and the results with various functionals, different values of $U$, 2D band plots, and others.

Both with and without SOC, FM order is found to be the stable ground state for all the present systems, with magnetic moment of $m= 0.8 \mu_B$ per La atom. The FM order, oriented perpendicular to the La-layers, is mediated by direct exchange interactions. Total energy of FM ground states is lower by 0.22 and 0.21 eV/unit cell than the corresponding nonmagnetic and antiferromagnetic states, respectively.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\rotatebox[origin=c]{0}{\includegraphics[width=0.90\columnwidth]{fig2}}
\caption{(Color online) (a) Band structure of LaBr in the FM state without SOC. The horizontal dashed line gives the Fermi level. Blue and green colors indicate $d_{z^2}$ and $d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbitals weight of the La atoms, while the black color is the weight of the other orbitals. Open and filled symbols represent spin up and spin down states, respectively. (b) Low energy view of the same band structure, but with SOC and plotted only along representative directions where the band gap opens across the Fermi level. The overall band structure at other directions and higher energy is similar to that of (a). Black solid lines are the guide to the eyes, where symbols are the calculated points.
}\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

The band progression of the representative compound LaBr is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig2} (also see Fig.~\ref{figA:Band}). La has the 4$f$ electrons fully filled, and its local moment is not often accessible to the conduction electrons. Magnetic moment arises in the half-filled 5$d$-shell as a result of large Hund's rule coupling. The local crystal field environment of the La ion leads to large splitting between the $e_g$ and $t_g$ states, and two partially filled $e_g$ orbitals osculate the Fermi level, with an overlapping semi-metallic like band structure.

In the FM state, strong Hund's coupling leads to spin splittings of the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ and $d_{z^2}$ orbitals. The two majority and minority spin states from two different orbitals cross each other across the Fermi level, creating an inverted band structure near $E_{\rm F}$, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig2}(a) for several high-symmetric directions. Such contour of inverted band crossing is often called Dirac line nodes, or nodal Weyl ring \cite{WOS,Aji,Kane,Mullen} The average FM exchange splitting can be estimated as $\Delta E=2Jm=0.8$eV. By the value of the exchange coupling $J=0.5$~eV, we can estimate the FM Currie temperature to be as high as 390~K.

Since the Weyl ring occurs between different spin states from different orbitals, as the SOC is turned on, all $k$-points on the Weyl rings become gapped, and the system enters into an insulator state, see Fig.~\ref{fig2}(b) (also see Ref.~\cite{SI} for 2D band plots and density of states). We obtain a band gap of 14~meV for LaCl, and 22~meV for LaBr and 25~meV for LaI without tuning. Tiny semimetallic Fermi pockets are present for the calculations with relaxed lattice structure, which are lifted from $E_{\rm F}$ with small strain (see Fig.~\ref{fig4}). With strain and/or pressure, the insulating band gap can be enhanced to above 75 meV. As the band gap opens at the inverted bands crossing points via SOC, QAH effect can be expected in such systems.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\rotatebox[origin=c]{0}{\includegraphics[width=0.80\columnwidth]{fig3}}
\caption{(Color online) (a) Tight binding band structure (red lines), overlayed on top of the DFT band structure (black lines) of LaBr with FM order and SOC. (b) Computed Berry curvature along the same high-symmetry directions as in (a), exhibiting spikes at the momenta where SOC gaps the FM Weyl points.
}\label{fig3}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Tight-binding Hamiltonian and Berry phase computation}\label{Sec:TB}
Guided by the DFT band structure, we derive a realistic tight-binding model by including the two low-lying $e_g$ orbitals. The FM ordering is introduced by the mean-field Heisenberg term, in which we allow exchange couplings to be orbital dependent ($J_1$, $J_2$). The inter-orbital SOC is restricted to be nearest neighbor, which turns out to have a form of $\lambda_{k}=\lambda(\sin{k_x}+i\sin{k_y})$, where $\lambda$ is the SOC coupling strength. Two adjacent La layers are inequivalent (denoting by `A' and `B'), in which each La atom is surrounded by six other La atoms in a hexagonal plane, and three La atoms in a trigonal plane are placed at $\sim c/10$ distance along the $z$-axis (see Fig.~\ref{fig1}(a)). If we set our multiband spinor for each layer as $\psi_{k}^{A/B}=\left(|d_{x^2-y^2}^\uparrow\rangle,~|d_{z^2}^\uparrow\rangle,~|d_{x^2-y^2}^\downarrow\rangle,~|d_{z^2}^\downarrow\rangle\right)$, the bulk Hamiltonian can then be expressed as $H_{A}\left( k\right)$ =
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(
 \begin{array}{ c c c c }
 \mathcal{\xi}_{1k}+J_{1}m & \mathcal{\xi}_{3k}        &  0                      & \lambda_{k}\\
 \mathcal{\xi}_{3k}^{*}   & \mathcal{\xi}_{2k}-J_{2}m  & \lambda_{k}                      & 0\\
 0                      &                   \lambda_{k}^* & \mathcal{\xi}_{1k}-J_{1}m & \mathcal{\xi}_{3k}\\
 \lambda_{k}^*                  &                       0 & \mathcal{\xi}_{3k}^{*}   & \mathcal{\xi}_{2k}+J_{2}m
 \end{array} \right).
\label{Ham}
\end{eqnarray}
For the lattice structure depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig1}, we obtain the non-interacting dispersions $\xi_{jk}$ for both the intra- ($j$=1, 2) and inter-orbitals ($j$=3) as  $\xi_{jk}=2t_j^{1}\cos k_{x}a+4t_j^{2}\cos \frac{k_{x}a}{2}\cos \frac{\sqrt{3}k_{y}a}{2}-\mu_j  $. Here $t_j^i$ are the nearest neighbor tight-binding hopping parameters for $i^{\rm th}$ orbital. $\mu_1=\mu$ is the chemical potential, $\mu_2=\mu+\Delta$, includes both the chemical potential and the onsite energy difference between two orbitals, and $\mu_3=0$. $a$ and $c$ are the in-plane and out-of plane lattice constants. Due to symmetry consideration, the Hamiltonian for the `B' plane is $H_B=H_A$. Finally, nearest neighbor hopping terms between `A' and `B' layers turn out to be
\begin{eqnarray}
\xi_{jk}^{AB} = t_j^3e^{-i\left(\frac{k_{y}a}{\sqrt{3}} + \frac{k_{z}c}{10}\right)  } + 2t_j^{4}\cos{\frac{k_{x}a}{2}} e^{i\left(\frac{k_{y}a}{2\sqrt{3}} - \frac{k_{z}c}{10}\right)  }.
\end{eqnarray}
Here also, $j$ stands for the same intra- ($j=$1,2) and inter-orbital ($j$=3) hoppings. The parameter values are deduced by fitting to the DFT dispersion as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig3}(a). Our fitting yields $J_1$ = -0.43~eV, $J_2$ = -0.69~eV, $\lambda$ = 20 meV, which are close to the DFT values listed above. The other parameters are given in Appendix~\ref{SecA:TB}. The overall fitting is reasonably good and the TB band structure captures the important topological properties including band inversion, nodal Weyl ring, and the insulating gap formation with SOC in accordance with the DFT calculation.

\section{Topological properties of La$X$}
\subsection{Berry curvature and Chern number}\label{Sec:Berry}
Near the Weyl ring, the same Hamiltonian can be reduced to that of the topological insulator Hamiltonian.\cite{TIreviewSCZ} Since band inversion has already occurred between opposite spin states, SOC induced insulating gap renders a QAH insulators.\cite{grapheneafm,QAHTITh}. Due to the quasi-2D nature of the La-bilayes, the topological invariant for the QAH can be estimated from the Berry connection.\cite{grapheneafm,QAHTITh,BerryQAH} We have computed Berry curvature, $\Omega (k_x,k_y)$ at constant $k_z$, by using the Kubo formula:
\begin{eqnarray}
\Omega (k)&=&\hbar ^{2} \sum_{n\neq n'}\frac{{\rm Im}[\langle nk|v_{x}|n'k\rangle \langle n'k|v_{y}|nk\rangle]}{(E_{nk}-E_{n'k})^{2}}\nonumber\\
&&\times\left[ n_{f}(E_{nk})- n_{f}(E_{n'k})\right].
\end{eqnarray}
Here $v_{x}$ and $v_{y}$ are velocity operators in $x$, and $y$ directions, respectively, defined as $v_{x}=\frac{1}{\hbar}\frac{\partial H}{\partial k_{x}}$ and $v_{y}=\frac{1}{\hbar}\frac{\partial H}{\partial k_{y}}$. $\frac{\partial H}{\partial k_{x/y}}$ represents derivative of each element of the Hamiltonian matrix. $|nk\rangle$ and $|n'k\rangle$ are eigenvectors of H with eigenvalue $E_{nk}$ and $E_{n'k}$, respectively. And  $n_{f}(E_{nk})$ is the Fermi occupation number at energy $E_{nk}$. The obtained Berry curvature is plotted along the representative high symmetry directions (for different directions, the corresponding $k_z$ values are kept constant), in Fig.~\ref{fig3}(c) along the high-symmetry directions. $\Omega ({\bf k})$ exhibits strong spike-like anomaly at the gapped Weyl points, signaling the presence of Hall plateau.\cite{grapheneafm}

Finally, we calculate the Hall conductance $\sigma_{xy}$ which is related to the Chern number \textit{C} by $\sigma_{xy}=C\dfrac{e}{h^{2}}$ where the Chern number \textit{C} is given by

\begin{equation}
 C = \dfrac{1}{2\pi}\int_{BZ} \Omega (k)d^{2}k
 \end{equation}
Each 2D La-layer constitutes a hexagon. The Chern number is calculated by summing the Berry curvature on each $k_z$ planes which comes out to be $-1$, signaling the presence of QAH effect. The result is valid even in the semimetallic state as long as the Fermi surface pocket is small enough, and a single valued Chern number can be defined for the filled bands.

\subsection{Edge state}\label{Sec:Edge}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\rotatebox[origin=c]{0}{\includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{fig4}}
\caption{Edge states (red lines) along representative high-symmetry directions where SOC opens a gap in Fig.~\ref{fig2}(b).}
\label{fig4}
\end{figure}
We also calculate the edge state for various representative cuts and the results are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig4}. For all cases, we have used 8 La-bilayers, and the cut is chosen in such a way that the direction of plotting is fully periodic while the perpendicular direction has open boundary condition. For example, along the $\bar{\Gamma}\rightarrow {\bar {\rm L}}$ direction, we have made the supercell along $b$-direction, with $k_x$ and $k_z$ remaining the good quantum number. Similar consideration is taken for all other directions. We find that the magnetically polarized edge state adiabatically connects both the bulk valence and conducting bands, following the topological criterion of the QAH state.\cite{TIreviewCK,TIreviewSCZ,TIreviewTD}

\section{Strain engineering and band gap enhancement}\label{Sec:Strain}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\rotatebox[origin=c]{0}{\includegraphics[width=0.75\columnwidth]{fig5}}
\caption{(Color online) Strain engineering and band gap tunning. (a) Insulating band structure of LaBr in the FM + SOC state with only 0.24\% uniaxial strain. (b) Strain induced band gap evolution for all three QAH systems.
}\label{fig5}
\end{figure}
Strain is a straightforward and efficient method to tune band gap. We find that uniaxal strain can increase the band gap of LaBr and LaCl systems up to two to three times its value in the relaxed coordinates. Moreover, only a very small amount of strain is necessary to remove the states from $E_{\rm F}$ at all momenta as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig5}(a) for 0.24\% strain in LaBr. The full strain dependence of the band gap is plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig5}(b). It is interesting to see that the band gap of LaBr increases rapidly for very small positive strain, without undergoing any structural transition. For LaCl, the band gap tunning is very much monotonic with strain. On the other hand, LaI does not exhibit any considerable band gap change for this range of strain, presumably due to large ionic size of the I atom the effect of strain is reduced here. A comprehensive list of various QAH systems, their tuning mechanism, and the corresponding gap values is provided in Table~\ref{Tab:Mat}. In comparison to the existing materials which all require some sort of tuning to obtain QAH state, the present systems are not only intrinsic QAH insulators, but also provide an opportunity to obtain band gap larger than most of the earlier ones.

\section{Conclusion}\label{Sec:Conclusion}
Our prediction will help realize the long-sought goal where the QAH effect can be realized and utilized in single crystals. Moreover, the predicted band gap is large enough for many practical and experimental purposes, and larger than most of the earlier predicted systems. The layered structure of La$X$ compounds are easy to cleave to obtain topological surface states. These advantages will allow full access to the thermal and electric transport regime of the QAH edge states without having the problem of magnetic impurity or thin film growth. Furthermore, this work will accelerate the prediction and discovery of more intrinsic QAH insulators within the lanthanides and beyond.

Diverse other possibilities can be explored in intrinsic QAH insulators with long-ranged FM ordering. Goldstone mode, a collective zero-energy magnetic excitation, is a natural consequence of the continuous symmetry breaking, which can be expected to evolve with topological consequences in the QAH insulator.\cite{Goldstone} Chiral spin-current in the edge state can lead to skyrmions excitations.\cite{skyrmions} Owing to the heavy-electron mass of La electrons, other rear-earth substitution in the La site can bring in the Kondo physics, mixed valence state within the topological matrix. The surface states of the QAH insulator is also a potential host of axion particle.\cite{Axion}
\\\\
{\bf Acknowledgments}
The work is facilitated by the Bardeen HPC cluster facility in the Physics Department of the Indian Institute of Science.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Remarkably, for how long a catering company in Bayswater has stayed in business may not be as vital in choosing a terrific caterer as you may think.


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Der Einsatzführungsdienst der Luftwaffe (EinsFüDstLw) ist eine Truppengattung und ein Dienstteilbereich der deutschen Luftwaffe. Die Führung erfolgt durch Luftraumüberwachungszentralen mit der NATO-Bezeichnung Control and Reporting Centre (CRC).

Auftrag
Als integraler Bestandteil der NATO-Luftverteidigung ist die Hauptaufgabe die Überwachung von zugewiesenen Lufträumen sowie die Koordination von Maßnahmen der Luftverteidigung.

 CRC
CRC (englisch Control and Reporting Centre) oder Luftraumüberwachungszentralen sind das terrestrische Pendant zum luftgestützten NATO-Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS). Für die bodengebundene NATO-AWACS-Komponente stellen EinsFüDstLw und CRC den Großteil des Operator-Personals bereit.
Dabei erfolgt der Einsatz im durchgängigen 24-Stundenbetrieb, 7 Tage die Woche, an 365 Tagen im Jahr und wird lediglich im Rahmen von Übungen und Wartung ausgesetzt. Der Zuständigkeitsbereich wird in solchen Fällen und bei Bedarf durch ein anderes CRC wahrgenommen, um weiterhin eine lückenlose Abdeckung des Luftraumes sicherzustellen.

Die CRC verfügen über FüWES Lw. Dort werden militärische und zivile Radar- und Flugplandaten zu einem identifizierten Luftlagebild aufbereitet und dargestellt. Dazu werden alle Luftfahrzeuge, Flugkörper und Flugobjekte erfasst und identifiziert. Das Luftlagebild wird als Recognized Air Picture über- und untergeordneten Gefechtsständen und Dienststellen zur Verfügung gestellt.

Sollte im Friedensbetrieb die Sichtidentifikation eines Luftfahrzeugs nötig sein, veranlasst das übergeordnete Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC) über das CRC den Quick Reaction Alert einer Alarmrotte und die Leitung des Abfangeinsatzes. Hierbei besteht eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit den Kontrollstellen der zivilen Flugsicherung und dem Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat.

Geschichte
Der EinsFüDstLw ging aus dem Flugmelde- und -leitdienst (FlgM/LtDst) sowie dem späteren Radarführungsdienst (RadarFüDst) und dem Tieffliegermelde- und -leitdienst (TMLD) hervor.

Die Wiedervereinigung 1990 war verbunden mit der Übernahme der vollen Souveränität für den gesamten Luftraum. Damit stand die Luftwaffe vor massiven Herausforderungen. Die Integration des Radarführungsdienstes der NVA Luftstreitkräfte (Originalbezeichnung Funktechnische Truppen – FuTT) – vor dem Hintergrund der geänderten Bedrohungs- und Finanzlage – bei einer gleichzeitigen Reduzierung von Personalstärke und Waffensystemen – musste unter hohem Zeitdruck ablaufen.

Zunächst wurden die Funktechnischen Bataillone (FuTB) zu den Radarführungabteilungen 31 in Parchim, 32 in Sprötau, 33 in Pragsdorf und 34 in Schönewalde umstrukturiert. Die restlichen FuTB wurden außer Dienst gestellt und aufgelöst. Einzelne Standorte wie beispielsweise die örtliche Funktechnische Kompanie 311 in Döbern wurden ebenfalls weiter betrieben.

Mit der veränderten Bedrohungslage und der Transformation des Radarführungsdienstes zum heutigen EinsFüDstLw in West und Ost wurden die Radarstandorte, CRC und EinsFüBer im Rahmen von Luftwaffenstrukturanpassungen bis 2010 ständig zurückgefahren, wobei der Personalbestand ebenfalls verringert werden musste.

Verbände, Dienststellen und Ausrüstung
Der EinsFüDstLw verfügt über Einsatzführungsbereiche (EinsFüBer auch EFB), CRC, stationäre Sensoren und mobile Radaranlagen der Typen Ground Master 406F, HADR, RRP 117 und RAT 31DL.

Ein EinsFüBer entspricht einem Verband auf Regimentsebene.

Ausrüstung
Als Air Command and Control System wird das GIADS verwendet. Das bis 2010 noch teilweise verwendet ARKONA (FüWES) kommt nur noch im Rahmen von Deployable Air Situation Display and Interface Processor System (DASDIPS) zum Einsatz.

Weiter im CRC verwendete Systeme sind CRC System Interface (CSI), CIMACT und ASGW. Die Radarsensordaten werden über das militärische Radardatennetz (MilRADNET) und über das zivile RADNET der DFS übertragen. Zudem verfügen die CRC über diverse Anbindungen taktischer Datenlinks (TDL) und das Have Quick-kompatible Second generation Anti-Jam Tactical UHF Radio for NATO (SATURN).

Führungszentrale Nationale Luftverteidigung
Vorgesetztes Einsatzkommando für nationale Missionen ist seit 1. Juli 2003 die Führungszentrale Nationale Luftverteidigung (FüZNatLV) in Uedem als militärischer Beitrag zum Nationalen Lage- und Führungszentrum für Sicherheit im Luftraum (NLFZ SiLuRa).

EinsFüBer 1
Der Einsatzführungsbereich 1 war in der Zollernalb-Kaserne in Meßstetten stationiert. In seiner Verantwortung stand in der Regel die Überwachung des süddeutschen Luftraums und die enge Koordination mit den südlichen Nachbarstaaten Deutschlands.

Gemäß dem Konzept zur Stationierung der Bundeswehr in Deutschland 2011 des Bundesministers der Verteidigung vom 26. Oktober 2011 wurde der Betrieb des Einsatzführungsbereichs 1 am 1. Oktober 2013 eingestellt und der Verband mit Wirkung zum 31. Dezember 2013 aufgelöst.

 Siehe hierzu

EinsFüBer 2
Der Einsatzführungsbereich 2 in Erndtebrück (Hachenberg-Kaserne) () stellt neben den Einsatzaufgaben auch die zentrale Ausbildungsstätte für den EinsFüDstLw. In der Hachenberg-Kaserne wird die lehrgangsgebundene Ausbildung für Unteroffiziere, Feldwebel und der Offiziere des EinsFüDst Lw sowie den Tactical Air Command and Control Sector (TACCS) einige NATO-Partner durchgeführt.

In der Hachenberg-Kaserne ist auch der Dienstsitz für das Systemzentrum 25 (SysZ 25).

 Siehe hierzu

EinsFüBer 3
Der Einsatzführungsbereich 3 ist in Schönewalde (Holzdorf) stationiert und ist für die Luftraumüberwachung im Osten Deutschlands in Koordination mit den östlichen Nachbarn verantwortlich. Das CRC befindet sich im Bunker Harald.

 Siehe hierzu

Verlegefähiges CRC
Neben dem stationären verbunkerten Gefechtsstand in Schönewalde verfügt der EinsFüBer 3 zusätzlich am Standort Holzdorf über ein Deployable CRC (DCRC) mit EinsUstgKp. Das vollwertig mit GIADS, CSI, MilRADNET, TDL, SATURN und CIMACT ausgerüstete DCRC ist weltweit verlegbar und einsatzfähig.

Struktur Einsatzführungsverband
Ein EinsFüBer gliedert sich in eine Einsatzführungsstaffel (EinsFüStff), in der die taktischen Aufgaben im CRC abgearbeitet werden, und eine Einsatzunterstützungsstaffel (EinsUstgStff). Ihm unterstehen Abgesetzte Technische Züge (AbgTZg), die den Betrieb der zum Teil weit vom CRC entfernten Radar- und Fernmeldeanlagen sicherstellen.

Der Kommandeur eines EinsFüBer/CRC ist in der Regel ein Oberst. Dem Kommandeur steht ein Stab zur Seite.

Besonderheit
Der EinsFüBer 4 in Aurich wurde am 17. Dezember 2010 außer Dienst gestellt und in der Folgezeit aufgelöst.

Unterstellungsverhältnis und Zuständigkeit
Die EinsFü-Verbände mit dem jeweiligen CRC sind truppendienstlich dem  Zentrum Luftoperationen unterstellt. Zur Erfüllung nationaler Missionen unterstehen die CRC dem Nationalen Lage- und Führungszentrum für Sicherheit im Luftraum, ebenfalls beim Zentrum Luftoperationen der Luftwaffe.

Die CRC sind bereits im Friedensbetrieb NATO Command Forces, das heißt, sie sind für den Einsatz unmittelbar den übergeordneten NATO Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC) unterstellt.

Im Fall einer erforderlichen Übernahme der in rein nationaler Verantwortung wahrzunehmenden Missionen, wie beispielsweise Renegade Aircraft Investigation, geht die Verantwortung auf die FüZNatLV über, die ihrerseits für den konkreten Einsatzfall dem Inspekteur der Luftwaffe als German Air Defence Commander untersteht.

Die militärisch operationelle Richtlinien- und Weisungskompetenz geht vom Luftwaffenführungskommando aus. Beschaffung und Nutzungsmanagement der Radaranlagen, FüWES Lw und Beistellsysteme einschließlich Softwarepflege und Änderung (SWPÄ) sowie Konfigurationskontrolle fallen in die Zuständigkeit Waffensystemkommando der Luftwaffe.

Weblinks
 Der Einsatzführungsdienst der Luftwaffe auf der Homepage der Luftwaffe
 Die Einsatzführungsverbände auf der Homepage der Luftwaffe

Einzelnachweise

Militärischer Verband der Luftwaffe (Bundeswehr)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you couldn't tell I'm not a fan of mayonnaise.
Color and 6 panles! What kind of dark magic is this?! Well two people donated $31 and that level of donations gets you color!
why must they ruin perfectly good sandwiches with it?
I've just discovered "Mock Girl" … and I have to say this is funny as heck! The mayo on Jello requires comment. When I was in the Navy I went to a potluck and got blind-sided the same way as you. I didn't like mayo before that … putting it on my sandwich is almost a hanging offense now.
Can you please change the word Transgendered to the word Transgender. Saying someone is transgendered is like saying someone is gayed.
I like mayo in certain savory situations, but on Jello?! Ewwwww!


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Grand Prix – On and off the track!
The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on Île Notre-Dame hosts this year's Canadian Grand Prix between June 10 and 12. This international event attracts many racing fans and adrenaline junkies from all over the world. The best Formula 1 drivers compete for the title of champion in the Montreal Grand Prix.
This event inevitably vibrates throughout the city. Thousands of tourists come to Montreal to make the most of the 72 hours of the Grand Prix. Crescent Street will once again be at the heart of the festivities with a special outdoor program and several exhibitions. This week brings together the city and will officially kick off summer.
Famous drivers not to miss:
Twenty-three drivers will race on the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve. They represent several big names in the automotive industry, including Ferrari, Red Bull, Mercedes, and Williams.
LEWIS HAMILTON – UK
3 time world champion, he has also been voted the best driver in the circuit for 2015.
KIMI RÄIKKÖNEN – Finland
World champion in 2007, he is known for keeping his cool at all times.
MAX VERSTAPPEN – Netherlands
The youngest rider to win a Grand Prix in Formula 1, he began his career on the circuit at just 17 years old.
SEBASTIAN Vettel – Germany
A formidable opponent, won four consecutive world championships from 2010 to 2013.
So will we be seeing you on June 10th?
Category: Blog 2 June 2016
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What do you sell at Costume Cabin?
have in stock a range of accessories including lace gloves and jabots.
We are located in Yorkshire, England.
Can I go to your store?
for us and low prices for you!
This also means that we are open on-line 24 hours a day.
What currency is listed on your site?
to get a current exchange rate.
Yes, we use Cardsave or Paypal to process your credit/debit card payments.
from your computer to ours using the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol.
For further peace of mind, the Costume Cabin website is fully SSL encrypted.
We also accept UK cheques and postal orders.
different - Is this possible?
Yes, please contact us with your requirements and we will get back to you.
Most colour/trim options are available and we are in the process of listing more.
will do our best to despatch on a Next Day Royal Mail Special Delivery.
There is an additional sum of £7.99 for the Special Delivery service.
to take. We always endeavour to put things right as quickly as possible.
How do I contact Costume Cabin?
changes will be posted (in accordance with the Data Protection Act 1998).


This fall, Monsanto, the corporation who produces roughly 90% of the world's genetically modified seeds, will try to bring their new, GMO sweet corn to a grocery store aisle or farmer's market near you.
Unlike Monsanto's other GMO crops — which are primarily fed to animals — this sweet corn is intended for direct human consumption.
As an activist and consumer, we are in a powerful position to pressure leading U.S. grocery stores to reject Monsanto's new GMO corn.
I just signed a petition telling major grocery stores around the country that I don't want Monsanto's sweet corn on the shelves. Will you join me and help stop this unsafe food?
1 Monsanto Plans To Sell Sweet Corn In Your Local Supermarket August 8, 2011.
2 Monsanto's GMO Corn Linked To Organ Failure, Study Reveals March 18, 2011.
3 Dr. Huber's Warning: How GMOs Are Linked to Disease and Infertility May 4, 2011.
4 GM Food Toxins Found In The Blood of 93% of Unborn Babies May 20, 2011.
This entry was posted in Opinion and tagged GMO, GMO Corn, Kroger, Monsanto, Safeway, Supervalue, Walmart by Marc. Bookmark the permalink.


Not everyone finds it easy to visualize something when looking at it in 2D on paper. That is why we started using 3D Rendering Software to help our customers see our vision for their yard. We can produce high resolution perspectives from any angle, as well as a video walkthrough of the project. Clients can then see exactly what their investment will look like when it's completed. Another benefit of the 3D Designs, is the quick collaboration it allows for. We can easily make changes and adjustments and then quickly email customers the new screenshots.


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abb20040824 – Review
Backstage at Jones Beach Theater. The sun is descending behind the horizon. A solitary figure, Warren Haynes, emerges from the shadows, guitar slung low across his back. A hush falls over the place; the only sound his boots on the concrete. Women and children peer cautiously out of windows. Men look away. A lone ball of tumbleweed blows across his dusty path. Behind him, his six amigos—
OK, I'm kidding. But it struck me about sixty percent into Tuesday's show that the Allman Brothers are like the Magnificent Seven. They ride into your town, an all-star team of desperadoes, each expert on his weapon of choice. They chase away your blues and ride on, asking nothing but that bluesy justice be served. Served of course, with several heaping side orders to boot—jazz, rock, and soul.
The three drummers lay down the percussive bed that heralds "Walk On Gilded Splinters." Then the guitars join in and the band is off. Most of the crowd is unfamiliar with the song. There are harmony guitar riffs, then harmony vocals. Soon the guitarists are trading wicked licks, bringing the classic Allman Brothers sound, with intensity, to this relatively new vehicle. Derek and Warren drive the song to the final verse with simultaneous pleading lines. For the faithful, it is a solid opening; for the house at large, maybe a puzzler. But still, a strong statement of purpose—here we are, here's what we do. Any questions?
Then immediately into a brisk, powerful "Trouble No More," with Derek answering Gregg's strong vocals with staccato responses. Warren and Derek briefly trade lines on the brief mid-section, and Derek sizzles on the song's dash to the finish. By "Aint Wastin' Time No More" the band has won over the crowd, with Derek again punctuating Gregg's vocals in telepathic interplay, and playing stinging, ringing leads over the break– soaring above the fray like an indifferent angel. On the outro Warren takes the reigns, pouring the evening's sweet summer breeze out through his graceful and understated solo, then kicking it up a notch as he climbs up the fret board to that ringing gutbucket place.
Next up is "Woman Across the River." Warren's bluesy solo licks between the verses are right in the pocket; Gregg layers on some tasty organ before Warren goes back into the vocal. Then Derek lays into a solo that is pure cool—so "cool," in fact, that his strings are smoldering. As Derek lets loose Warren raises his right arm, a finger aloft, to indicate time to return to earth. The band follows his lead, then Warren snarls out the final verse, and the outro is again a highlight. The band continues to sneak in some of its best playing after the songs are ostensibly over. The guitars trade blistering lines, falling into and out of harmony riffing, the rhythm section locked in, the entire band hurtling forward until finally Warren hits the closing riff and the runaway train screeches to a halt. Bam!
Funky guitar chording lays the groundwork for what will soon be "You Don't Love Me," Derek beginning the vamp as Warren changes axes. Here the action is before the song starts, as the band explores the pre-song riff, Gregg offering up some organ. As is always the case, the drums are locked on, providing a solid bedrock foundation. Finally, almost three minutes in, the twin riff that should kick off the song—only it doesn't immediately, there is some more vamping, before finally Gregg and the guitars lock onto the proper melody and Gregg begins the vocals. Both guitar players shine, Warren playing some searing slide lines.
Next up is a crowd-pleasing but somewhat rote "Midnight Rider." Then a jaunty take on "Standback." From my vantage point (close enough, nicely centered) the sound and the mix is perfect. The drummers are percolating, Oteil is slapping and snapping this one forward, his bouncy funky bass line serving almost as the lead instrument.
Warren slows things down with a heartfelt reading of "Dreams to Remember." The band falls in softly behind him, Gregg layering on organ with a deft, light touch, as this song is all about the soul singing. Derek takes a resonant, glassy slide solo during the break, in full empathy with the vocal delivery; few guitarists can "sing" back as well as Derek can. Maybe none. The band does a stop time on Warren's final verse, Derek's accents barely there. All around, a magnificent exhibition of notes not played, Warren's gritty vocals carrying the day.
Next Gregg offers up "Who to Believe." Soulful vocals, solid soloing on the break. Then a forceful, aggressive "Every Hungry Woman," both guitarists straining against the melody in almost competitive blasts of solo work.
The experience of a live concert is very much impacted by pacing, song selection, and flow– how the band grabs you by the scruff of the neck at the show's outset, provides you with an overall experience, then pats you on the butt and sends you on home. A good concert—especially with a band like the Allman Brothers—is far more than the sum total of how well each song individually is played. It is a holistic experience, one song leading to the next. This is why hard-core fans enjoy live recordings of entire shows better than the anthologizing of the traditional live album; the former carries the indelible magic of the here and now, "to go." (It is also why I am listening to the Instant Live recording of the show as I type.)
All of which is a roundabout way of saying, it was at this point that the show took a left turn, the band pushing the needle from solid to outstanding, with a sequence of songs that combined to pull you forward, blow you back in your seat, pull you forward, blow you back, and send you off in that happy place. It started with the impossibly wobbly, off kilter, riff to "44," a song that manages at its best to exist wholly apart from the constraints of normal time. To these ears this is one of the finest numbers in this band's repertoire.
After the initial vocal section, Warren splays fat, stinging crystal clear blues lines over Derek and Oteil's wobbly signature riff. Five and a half minutes into the song the band is almost silent, the lightest drum brushes keeping the song going, as Derek begins whispering over the top. Soon he is carrying on a conversation, Derek's wispy lead lines posing existential questions, Warren's chording providing snippy answers. Derek stretches out on a fat slide note, Warren still egging him on with tasteful chorded responses, and it is the point that the song falls out of time, and there is only endless now. Around and around they go, faster and faster, somehow creating the illusion of swirling in a circle, the band picking up steam, building the tension, everyone locked in, Derek's fingers flying across the strings, Oteil laying thunder down at the bottom, and you know, you just know, that at any second—
–and there it is, the break back into the lumbering riff, executed on a dime. Time begins elapsing again, the band falls in behind Warren's final verse. Then a minute-and-a-half more of time-free licks, Derek adding lines to the song's wind-down like a master chef seasoning a gumbo. In all almost 12 minutes of pure group virtuosity. If this is the direction this band is taking, count me in.
An upbeat "Statesboro Blues" follows, feel-good bumpa dumpa music after the breathtaking "44." Gregg takes matters into his own hands with a jaunty piano solo, Warren bleeds the innards out of his poor strings. Then Derek leaves the stage for one of the most blissful reads ever of "Melissa," Warren pitch perfect in augmenting Gregg's singing, his solo comprised of soaring, elegiac lines that seem never to end. He is avoiding the familiar triplet approach to soloing on this song, making it his own, making it new and breezy and just totally hitting the spot. It is old, it is new, it is welcome. Warren's breathtaking solo on the outro goes on a full ninety seconds after Gregg has sung the final lyric.
"Black Hearted Woman" follows, forceful, the "Other One" style jam on the outro sounding somewhat less like that tune than usual. Out of the coda jam Derek improvises over the drum section—beautiful guitar improvisation that is reminiscent of the great jazz horn players—before dropping in enough of a taste that you know that, when he's good and ready, he'll be finding his way over to "Mountain Jam." Butch pushes him, laying down the familiar tom-tom beat, but Derek will not be rushed.
From here on, the band has found the spot.
Derek flirts with the "Mountain Jam" lick, coming toward it, flitting away with jazzy asides, coming back, flitting away. He is a tease, and we love to be teased. Warren joins the party, Derek finally states the theme, Warren grabs onto it, and so the band is off and into "Mountain Jam." The twin leads are yin and yang, fire and ice, over driving drumming. After the opening melody Derek takes the lead, playing jazzy colorful lines, then chording, and the baton is gracefully passed to Gregg as his smooth B3 solo emerges seamlessly from Derek's wake, fights for space, and wins it. Then a similar hand-off, and Warren is leading the band. The music morphs as the band falls in behind Warren, fluid. Derek tosses off sporadic, long languid licks. Then Derek and Gregg pull back—still playing, but softer—creating the impression of a five-piece as Warren solos primarily over bass and drum section. Then Warren and Derek play discordant leads that blend perfectly together, taking the cool music down, down, taming the wild beast, Warren tossing in bird calls, the music less and less there until it is gone entirely and only the drums remain.
The drum solo is a short one—less than six minutes—before Oteil joins the percussionists for some sweet bass improv vamping, using the full fret board, his ringing melodic explorations eventually sliding, beautifully, into what my wife informs me is the Christmas song "Away in the Manger."
There is another moment of virtual silence as the guitar players return and begin sprinkling notes over the rhythmic bed; soon the twin leads are wrapped around the "Afro-Blue" melody. After an all-too-brief workout on "Afro-Blue, back into "Mountain Jam" for the close. In all, a 28-minute tour de force from Derek's pre-"Jam" riffing to the close of the "Mountain Jam" sandwich. A great way to end the show.
Only, it isn't over. From the ashes of "Mountain Jam" emerges the mighty "Whipping Post." Derek flies over Oteil's deep bottom, exploring the dark places in the song, then racing frenetically to the next vocal interlude. Then Warren solos with a light minor key touch over Derek's chording. The band picks up speed, Warren leading the charge, as they slam into the final vocal section ("Sometimes I feel…")
NOW the ending is perfect.
In what almost seems like too much of a good thing, the band returns to encore with "Layla." While the novelty of them playing this song may have worn off, the majesty most certainly has not. They approach it as less an anthem and more an old chestnut from some bluesman's catalog. On the coda, Derek's wistful playing evokes, without quoting, Duane's original lines, and it is the perfect complement to the cool breeze coming off the water all around. It is the perfect note on which to send you off into the summer night. Finally Derek and band touch down, Warren wishes Oteil a happy 40th birthday, and we're out. On to the next town, as the band rides out, the strains of "Little Martha" as the credits roll, the end of another perfect bluesy redemptive spaghetti western.