text:
BOOST TO FOREIGN FIRMS IN TENDER ROW AS KENYANS SUFFER
Parliament has shot down a new bid to lock out foreign contractors from bidding for public tender worth below Sh20 billion.
The National Assembly's Committee on Finance rejected a Bill, which seeks to enhance the limits of tenders where Kenyan citizens are given exclusive preference from the current Sh500 million.
The committee said few Kenyan-owned firms that could afford tenders worth Sh20 billion as proposed in the Bill.
"The committee noted that the leap from Sh500 million to Sh20 billion is astronomically huge. Further, very few Kenyan contractors can afford Sh20 billion," Homa Bay Women Representative Gladys Wanga, who chairs the Committee on Finance, said in a report.
The committee has backed the position taken by the Treasury and the Institute of Certified Public Accountants (ICPAK) who called for the rejection of the proposed amendments to the Public Procurement and Disposal Act.
"The matter is addressed in section 157(9) of the Act where bidders are required to source at least 40 percent of supplies from citizen contractors. The 40 percent threshold is good enough," Treasury CAS Nelson Gaichuhie told MPs.
The Treasury and ICPAK opposed the proposed amendments on grounds that the threshold set would inhibit the participation of private firms that can contribute to the economy through the public-private partnerships.
The Treasury and ICPAK raised concern on the capacity of citizen contractors and tender applicants to adequately provide the necessary services that require specialised skills that the market demands.
They also argued that limiting the participation of foreign bidders may hinder technological transfer and building local capacity.


text:
Political Voices:
Harry Young
Harry Young (1901-1995) joined the British Communist Party shortly after it was founded. He went to Moscow to attend a Comintern Congress in November 1922, got a job working for the Young Communist International and finally returned to London in 1929. He left the CPGB in the 1930s and joined the Socialist Party of Great Britain (SPGB) in 1940, remaining a member of the party until a split a few years before his death.
The YouTube item posted here includes a couple of minutes of Harry Young speaking in typically florid style about meeting Stalin while based in Moscow. This is an extract from two much longer interviews which I conducted with Harry at his home in Sudbury in 1992. I have posted the audio of these interviews on this page. They have been deposited at the National Sound Archive at the British Library. Also below are two BBC radio programmes - one from Radio 3 in 1976 and the other from the World Service in 1992 - which feature Harry and his memories.
I have also posted below an article I wrote about Harry for the New Statesman in 1992 and a newspaper cutting from 1994 with a good photo of Harry. His typescript autobiography is at the Bishopsgate Institute.
My first long interview with Harry Young was at his home in Sudbury near Wembley on 3 January 1992. Over an hour-and-a-half, he talked about his early involvement in the socialist movement in London, joining the CPGB in 1920 and working as an office boy in the party HQ. He went on to recount his role in the founding of the Young Communist League. He described Moscow in the 1920s and his memories of Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev and Ho Chi Minh as well as of fellow British Communists. He explained how he was present at several key Comintern meetings in Moscow before relating his return to London and eventual decision to join the SPGB.
In my second interview with Harry, on 21 April 1992, he talked of his memories of Tom Bell and other early leaders of the British Communist party. He discussed the influence of secularism and his membership of an SDF-aligned Socialist Sunday School, the London branch of the IWW and the British Socialist Party. He talked once more of his years in Moscow and meeting Trotsky and Stalin, the Zinoviev letter, Comintern's British and Chinese commissions and his awareness of the spies infiltrating the movement.
God bless Radio 3 - devoting twenty minutes to Harry Young as long ago as 1976.
This World Service programme, 'Surviving the Twentieth Century', was produced and presented by Zina Rohan and broadcast in January 1996.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hi readers. Thought a new theme may reactivate my interest in blogging. Been working fairly intensely for the last year or so but things have quietened down a bit now so maybe I will have the time. I'd so much like to see Conservatives getting a bit more political traction, and I guess that's never going to happen if we all just hide away and let the place slide into the Progressive swamp. As great as the temptation to do so sometimes is.
The new theme is about short and sharp, so I will try and keep it that way.
‹ Who in the National govt is being held accountable for this?


text:
The history of aviation in pre-1947 India began with kites, the traditional heavier-than-air man-made object that is flown by one or more people while staying on the ground. The first recorded manned flight was arranged by the Dhaka Nawab Family in 1882, which resulted in the death of the flyer.

Early era

Unmanned flight
Kite flying was one of the many different forms of entertainment of the elite people of Dhaka, since the Mughal period. It became a festive tradition during the period of Nayeb-e-Nazim Nawajesh Mohammad Khan in the 1740s. Kite flying is still a popular pastime in Bangladesh, especially right after the monsoon. In the older parts of Dhaka it is one of the most popular activities. Kite painting was a specialised art form in the 18th century in Bangladesh. Some kites of Bengal has been known to keep flying for three months. They were big kites tied to anchors with stout ropes.

Kite flying festival had long been a major festival. The Chaitra Sankranti festival (known as Shakrain or Hakrain in Old Dhaka) is celebrated every year in the last day of the Bengali calendar (30th Choitro, mid April). It is a major event for competitive kite flying and boat racing. Combating fighter kite flyers trying to slash each other's carefully sharpened kite-string is a major part of the competition. In West Bengal the major kite flying festival happens on the day of Makar Sankranti or end of winter (mid January), and Vasant Panchami (late February).

First manned flight

Jeanette "Jenny" Rummary (performing as "Jeanette Van Tassell" along with Park Van Tassel), was a young balloonist from the United Kingdom, was hired as a part of the Van Tassell Troupe by the then incumbent Nawab Khwaja Ahsanullah to make a balloon ascension and parachute descent. She had made several previous parachute descents across India since October 1891. At 6.20 pm on 16 March 1892, she launched from the bank of the Buriganga River opposite from the Ahsan Manzil. Ascending in the balloon, she jumped via parachute as planned to make her descent but was caught in a Casusrina tree in Ramna Park. During her rescue, she unfortunately fell to the ground and died two days later from her injuries. She was interred in the Christian Cemetery at Narinda, Dhaka.

World War II

Modern aviation in modern Bangladesh area began when the British Government of India built a Royal Indian military airstrip in Tejgaon during World War II to fly warplanes towards the battle fields of Kohima and war theatres in Burma. Other airstrips were built in Comilla, Feni, Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Chakaria, Sylhet, Jessore, Rajshahi and Lalmonirhat.

In August 1943, a South Asia Command was formed under Admiral Mountbatten, including the RAF Third Tactical Air Force (Third TAF), which launched the second Burma Campaign against the Empire of Japan in the December that year. The Royal Indian Airforce (RIAF), Indian part of the Royal Air Force played a crucial role by providing tactical reconnaissance and extensive close support to the army when a British Corps started advancing down the Arakan coast in January 1944.

In November 1943, 6 Squadron and later 8 Squadron were moved to Cox's Bazar. By the end of February 1944, No 6 Squadron pilots had completed over 1,000 operational sorties, averaging 6 sorties a day per pilot, a record for the entire the Third TAF. Towards the end of March 1944, 4 Squadron joined the operations when it was moved first to Feni airfield, and then to Comilla in June to replace 6 Squadron. In March 1944, the squadron moved to Feni for operations against the Japanese. The role of the squadron was to provide close Air support to the XIV Army.  it was from Feni that the squadron carried out its first operational sorties by providing fighter escort to Dakota, engaged in supply dropping missions in the northern Burma. From August 1944 to January 1945, No. 4 Squadron was based at Cox's Bazar and carried out CAS, interdiction and tactical recce operations.

In May 1944, 9 Squadron was moved to Comilla after a brief spell of tactical reconnaissance duties supporting the battles of Imphal and Kohima. During August 1944, the two squadrons carried out intensive bombing of Japanese positions in the Sangu River valley, specially for three consecutive days in Labawa to support an offensive by 81 Division to expel the Japanese from the area. By the end of December 1944, 10 Squadron had also been moved into the operational area at Ramu. With the fall of Rangoon on 3 May 1945, the operations in Burma were reduced to mopping up of small pockets of resistance. By the end of June most of the Royal Air forces squadrons were withdrawn, leaving only 8 Squadron to assist in the mopping up.

The Shahjalal International Airport originated in 1941, during the second world war, as the British government built a landing strip at Kurmitola, several kilometres north of Tejgaon, as an extra landing strip for the Tejgaon Airport. At that time Tejgaon was a military airport, to operate warplanes towards the war fields of Kohima (Assam) and Burmese war theatres. Shah Amanat International Airport was a combat airfield as well as a supply point and photographic reconnaissance base by the United States Army Air Forces Tenth Air Force during the Burma Campaign 1944-1945. Known American units assigned to Chittagong were: 80th Fighter Group, flew P-38 Lightning fighters over Burma between March 1944 and February 1945; 8th Reconnaissance Group, between October and December 1944 (various detachments); and 4th Combat Cargo Group, flew C-46 Commando transports between January and June 1945. Osmani International Airport in Sylhet was built during British rule as Sylhet Civil Airport, partly to check Japanese aggression from Burma. Biman Bangladesh Airlines earns most of its revenue from this airport.

Civil aviation

When the war was over, the colonial government decided to build the Tejgaon Airport along with a landing strip at Kurmitola to meet the needs of a Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) station in Dhaka. In 1946, the Mirza Ahmad Ispahani and his partners formed an airline – Orient Airways – which soon started using the airport as a civil airport. Shifting its base from Kolkata to Karachi when Pakistan was born, Orient Airways started DC-3 flights from Karachi to Dhaka on 7 June 1954, forming a critical connection between the capitals of geographically separated East and West Pakistan. On 11 March 1955, Orient Airways merged with the government's proposed airline, becoming Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, later rechristened as Pakistan International Airlines (PIA).

The Eastern Pakistan Flying Club was established in 1948. By 1960, British Overseas Airways Corporation and Pan American Airways had started operating flights out of Dhaka, PIA had started operating Boeing 707 and Vickers VC10 jet services, and new airports had been established out of former Royal Air Force stations at Jessore, Chittagong, Thakurgaon, Ishwardi, and Comilla. During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, services to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) were proving to be difficult, therefore PIA placed their Sikorsky S-61 helicopters on these routes until 1966 when conditions improved. In the 1971 war, PIA aided the Pakistan Army by transporting soldiers to East Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and lost a couple of its aircraft to Indian Air Force fighters. Between 10 and 13 March, immediately before the war started, Pakistan International Airlines cancelled all their international routes to urgently fly "Government Passengers" to Dacca. These "Government Passengers" were almost all Pakistani soldiers in civilian dress.

Incidents and accidents

 1 July 1957: A Pakistan International Airlines Douglas DC-3 (registered AP-AJS), that was performing a flight from Chittagong Patenga Airport to Dhaka Tejgaon Airport crashed into tidal flats in the Bay of Bengal near Charlakhi Island, killing all 20 passengers and four crew on board.
 2 February 1966: Pakistan International Airlines Flight 17 was a scheduled domestic flight from Dacca to Faridpur in East Pakistan operated by a Sikorsky S-61 twin-engined helicopter. The Pakistan International Airlines helicopter crashed near Fardipur because of a mechanical failure due to insufficient lubrication. Twenty passengers and three crew died, there was just one survivor.
 2 December 1970: A Cargolux Canadair CL-44 (registered TF-LLG) crashed into farm houses near Dhaka Tejgaon Airport, killing all four crew on board and three people on the ground. The origin of the flight was Hamburg, where it was loaded with 27.5 tons of child food by the Swiss Red Cross. The cargo was intended to help flood victims in East Pakistan. While the flight was approaching Dhaka Tejgaon Airport, the hydraulic gust lock system activated in flight, causing the controls to lock. The crew lost control of the aircraft and it crashed. It was speculated that the lock system had activated as hydraulic back pressure had built up caused by a malfunctioning switch valve when hydraulics were armed on descent.

Liberation War

During the 1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) had fought extensive engagements in the sky over Bangladesh. The first engagement was on 22 November over the Salient of Boyra in West Bengal. In the process Tejgaon Airport suffered extensive damage.

Bangladesh Air Force was organised in India with the initiative of Squadron Leader Sultan Mahmud (Ex-PAF Pilot), Captain Shahabuddin Ahmed (Ex-PIA Pilot), Captain Akram Ahmed (Ex-Plant protection Pilot) and Captain Sattar (ex-PIA Pilot) and Captain Sarfuddin (Ex-PIA Pilot). Later many Bangladeshi ex-PAF Officers joined in Bangladesh Air Force in India. Finally Bangladesh Air Force was formed in late July 1971. Indian Air Force trained these Officers July 1971 through November 1971 as fighter pilots. Bangladesh Air Force first went in action on 3 December 1971 and attacked the Chittagong-based Oil tank depot and oil tank depot was totally destroyed by that air attack. The Air attack was conducted by Capt. Akram Ahmed. The second Bangladesh Air Force attack was on 6 December 1971 at Moulovi Bazar Pakistani Army barracks under the command of Squadron Leader Sultan Mahmud, where Captain Shahabuddin Ahmed was co-pilot.

Then, on the night of 3 December 1971, Canberra bombers of Eastern Air Command struck Tejgaon, which was guarded by PAF No. 14 squadron equipped with Sabre jets which lacked night fighting capability. By the morning of 4 December, strike missions against Tejgaon were assigned to 11 IAF squadrons, including Hunters of the No. 7 Squadron, No. 14 Squadron, No. 17 Squadron and No. 37 Squadron of IAF, as well as Su-7s of No. 221 Squadron and MiG-21s of No. 28 Squadron.

Throughout 4 and 5 December, IAF concentrated in attacking the aircraft on the ground. But, it failed to cause significant damage to the PAF assets in well-dispersed and camouflaged locations. By the evening of 5 December, the IAF changed tactics. On the morning of 6 December four MiG-21s (No. 28 Sqn), flying from Gauhati hit Tejgaon with 1000lber, scoring several hits on the runway. Kurmitola was attacked on the morning of 7 December, when Mig-21s of No. 28 Sqn again hit the runway. No. 7 Sqn was pulled out of the eastern ops on 6 December to help the Indian Army in the west. Repeated attack by MiG-21s and Hunters of No. 14 and No.28 however, kept the runway cratered. The IAF assault effectively grounded the PAF by 7 December, and No. 14 Squadron was taken out of the war. The IAF also bombed other airfields including the abandoned WWII airfields of Comilla, Lalmanirhat and Shamsher Nagar through the war, denying their use to PAF.

On 20 August 1971 Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman attempted to pilot a T-33 trainer from Karachi, Pakistan to India to defect from the Pakistan Air Force and join the liberation movement of Bangladesh. However, Matiur could not take the plane out of Pakistani territory, as reportedly, Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas, the other pilot in the plane, forced it to crash in Thatta, a place near the Indian border. Matiur was awarded Bir Sreshtho and Minhas was awarded Nishan-E-Haider, respectively the highest military honours in Bangladesh and Pakistan, and both has air bases named after them, respectively in Jessore and Kamra.

Post-independence

Resumption of civil aviation
The first civil flight of independent Bangladesh operated from Tejgaon Airport by Capt. A. Rahim on 1 January 1972 with a Cessna 150. The first international flight from Independent Bangladesh destined to Calcutta departed on 10 January 1972. The aircraft, a Douglas DC-3 subsequently crashed, killing the aircrew.

Biman Bangladesh Airlines was formed with one Boeing 707 left behind by PIA.

Bangladesh Air Force

The Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) was formed at Dimapur, Nagaland, India on 28 September 1971 under the command of Air Commodore A.K. Khandker (later Air Vice Marshal and Chief of Air Staff, Bangladesh Air Force). At that time, the nucleus of the (BAF) was formed as 'Kilo Flight' to assist the Mukti Bahini (Freedom Fighters). Initially, 'Kilo Flight' consisted of three aircraft provided by the Indian Air Force, 09 officers and 47 airmen. Squadron Leader Sultan Mahmud (retired as Air Vice Marshal and Chief of the Air Staff of BAF) was appointed as the commander of 'Kilo Flight'. After having some basic training on air to ground weapon delivery, 'Kilo Flight' successfully bombed a fuel storage in Chittagong and Narayangonj area and thus the journey of BAF had commenced. During the last phase of the Bangladesh Liberation War the newly formed Bangladesh Air Force carried out 12 successful attack missions over Pakistani targets.

After liberation in 1971, the Bangladesh Air Force received equipment from the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China—a clutch of Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 fighters; Antonov An-24 and Antonov An-26 transport aircraft; and Mil Mi-4 helicopters.

Shahjalal International Airport started operation in 1981. It is the home base and hub of Biman Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines and United Airways.

Bangladesh Naval Aviation

Bangladesh Naval Aviation is the Aviation wing of Bangladesh Navy. At present Bangladesh Naval Aviation is operating two Agusta Westland Helicopters from Italy and two Dornier class Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) from Germany.
 Bangladesh Naval Aviation wing was established in 2011, when two AgustaWestland AW109 helicopters were accepted into service. Two Dornier Do 228NG maritime patrol aircraft joined the service in 2013

Incidents and accidents

 10 February 1972: A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Douglas DC-3 crashed near Dhaka, while it was performing a training flight, killing all 5 people on board.
 On 28 September 1977: Japan Airlines Flight 472 en route from Mumbai to Tokyo was hijacked by 5 Japanese Red Army terrorists shortly after takeoff, and forced the plane to land at then Zia International Airport. The terrorists' demand of $6 million and release of 6 JRA terrorists from Japanese prison was met by the Japanese Prime Minister. Bangladesh Air Force was deployed to control the situation in the ground and to facilitate negotiations.
 18 November 1979: A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fokker F27-200 crashed while performing a test flight. As a part of the test, a stall in landing configuration was performed at 8000 feet. Both engines of the aircraft flamed out and could not be re lit, forcing the crew to land in a field near Savar. The aircraft ran through embankments, causing the nosegear and right main gear to collapse. None of the four people on the flight died in the accident.
 5 August 1984: A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fokker F27-600 (registered S2-ABJ) crashed into a marsh near Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka. The aircraft was performing a scheduled domestic passenger flight between Chittagong Patenga Airport, Chittagong and Zia International Airport, Dhaka. The crash was a controlled flight into terrain caused by bad weather. The captain of the flight was Kaniz Fatema Roksana, well known as the first female commercial pilot of Bangladesh. With a total death toll of 49 people, it is the deadliest aviation disaster to occur on Bangladeshi soil.
 22 December 1997: Biman Bangladesh Airlines flight BG-609 (from Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka to Osmani International Airport, Sylhet) carrying 85 passengers and 4 crew, operated by a Fokker F28-4000 (registered S2-ACJ), crashed onto a paddy field 5.6 kilometres from the foot of the runway of Osmani International Airport in heavy fog. 17 passengers were injured.
 27 June 1998: An Air Parabat flight from Ishwardi Airport crash-landed on its belly in a field near Savar due to some technical problems with the aircraft. Five crew and two passengers on board escaped unhurt.
 27 September 1998: A training flight on a Cessna 150 of Parabat flying academy crashed, killing two trainee pilots.
 7 June 2002: A training flight on The Cessna-150 (S2-AAM) of Air Parabat flying Academy crashed due to heavy strom killing its lone licensed pilot Mukhlesur Rahman Saqueeb (32), steward of Biman Bangladesh Airlines.
 22 April 2003: A storm in Dhaka damaged three Airbus A310s, a Boeing 737 and a Fokker F-28 aircraft parked at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport. The storm, strongest in three years, had a wind speed of up to 111-km per hour.
 11 July 2003: An Air Memphis cargo flight (operated by a Boeing 707, registered 5X-AMW) bound for Queen Alia International Airport, Amman from Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, Dhaka was forced to abort takeoff for unknown reasons. The aircraft failed to abort takeoff successfully and overran the runway of the airport by 450 meters before the nose gear collapsed and the aircraft came to rest at a marsh. None of the five crew members were killed in the incident.
 8 October 2004: Biman Bangladesh Airlines flight BG-601 (from Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka to Osmani International Airport, Sylhet) carrying 79 passengers and 4 crew, operated by a Fokker F28-4000, overran the wet runway of Sylhet and ended up in a ditch. Two passengers were injured.
 8 June 2005: A Bangladeshi fighter trainee pilot of Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) crashed his plane into a neighbourhood on the outskirts of the capital, killing one person and injuring four others. The Chinese-made F-7 plane on a training mission came down at midday on the Uttara residential area. The pilot ejected with minor injuries just 100 yards away from the flaming wreckage. The house onto which the jet had crashed was completely destroyed, while two adjacent houses were partly damaged.
 1 July 2005: Biman flight BG 048 en route from Dubai skidded off runway 23 onto the grass at Shah Amanat International Airport while landing during heavy rain. The right-hand undercarriage of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 (registered S2-ADN) caught fire and the engine on the right wing separated from the aircraft, sinking into mud. Of the 201 passengers and 10 crew on board, 10 received injuries but there were no fatalities. Investigations found that the wheel-box of the aircraft went out of order. The aircraft was later written-off.
 25 May 2008: Saudia flight 810, a Boeing 747-300 (registered TF-ARS) leased from Air Atlanta Icelandic caught fire on its no. 3 engine after landing at Zia International Airport in Dhaka from Medina. There were no fatalities among the 307 passengers and 19 crew on board. An investigation determined a fuel leak to be the cause of the fire.
 10 September 2008: A flight attendant on board Air Arabia flight 522 bound for Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong found a note which said there was a bomb on board the aircraft (an Airbus A320). After the aircraft landed in Chittagong, the aircraft was searched but no bomb was found. A passenger on board the flight named Nasir Uddin was found guilty of the hoax, which caused panic among passengers and had grounded the aircraft at Chittagong for two hours.
 1 March 2012: A fire broke out on the second floor of the terminal building of Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong at around 4 pm. No injuries or casualties were reported. Airport fire brigade managed to douse the flame by 6 pm. The fire had severely damaged the second floor of the terminal disabling the two jet bridges forcing airport authorities to bring out the reserve portable ones. Several flights including 4 international ones had to be delayed, grounding several aircraft at the airport and diverting a few other. As many as 2000 passengers had to wait for several hours at the parking lot for their flight.
 30 April 2012: A Royal Thai Air Force ATR-72-500 aircraft of 1st Air Division/6th Wing, 603sq, (serial L16-2/52, code 60314), sustained damage in a landing accident at Shahjalal International Airport, Dhaka. The aeroplane suffered a runway excursion while landing. It came to rest against a concrete barrier, causing substantial damage to the right hand wing. Two passengers reportedly suffered minor injuries.
 13 August 2012: United Airways flight 546, an ATR 72–212 registered S2-AFE, was performing a domestic flight en route to Dhaka from Jessore, carrying 10 passengers, when the windshield of the first officer (co-pilot) completely blew out due to high pressure at an altitude of 9000 feet. The captain safely landed the plane at Shahjalal International Airport. The first officer received an eye injury.
 5 April 2013: A fire broke out in the cargo village of Shahjalal International Airport at around 11:30 am. Ten units of Fire Service and Civil Defence rushed to the spot and doused the fire one-and-a-half-hour later. Flight schedules were unaffected by the fire.
 25 April 2013: A 2-seater Cessna 152 (S2-ABI), a flight training aircraft of Bangladesh Flying Academy crash landed at Shah Makhdum Airport, while landing in the airport at 4:24 pm. The aircraft flipped upside-down, the flight instructor and trainee pilot inside escaped with minor injuries.
 28 September 2013: A Boeing 747-400 (leased from Air Atlanta Icelandic), operated by Saudi Arabian Airlines as SV-3822, en route from Riyadh for a Hajj flight, landed in Dhaka when sparks and smoke were observed from the right hand main landing gear during roll out, the aircraft stopped on the runway. The airport was closed for about one hour as result of the emergency.
 2 November 2013: Air Arabia flight 522, operated by an Airbus A320-200, made an emergency landing at Chittagong due to a bird strike, after leaving for Sharjah. All aboard were unhurt.
 30 May 2014: Air Arabia flight 524 bound for Sharjah from Chittagong, operated by an Airbus A320-200, suffered from cabin pressurisation problems 45 minutes after taking off. The aircraft returned to Chittagong, making a safe emergency landing. The same aircraft made the flight two hours later, after the problems with the aircraft were fixed.
 20 July 2014: United Airways Flight 501, an ATR 72–212 registered S2-AFN, was performing a domestic flight en route to Cox's Bazar from Dhaka, carrying 43 passengers and 5 crews, when the nose gear collapsed after safely landing at Cox's Bazar Airport. This caused severe damage to the front fuselage of the aircraft. The airport was shut down for 22 hours until the aircraft was safely removed from the runway.
 1 April 2015: A Cessna 152 (S2-ADI) aircraft of Bangladesh Flying Academy crashed at Shah Makhdum Airport and got engulfed by fire after the pilot conducted a rejected takeoff, sensing technical problems on the aircraft at around 2 pm. The accident left the trainee pilot Tamanna dead, also leaving the flight instructor with critical burn injuries, who later died.
 13 May 2015: A Mi-17 helicopter on a training flight belonging to the Bangladesh Air Force crash landed Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong and caught fire. All three people on board sustained major injuries and were hospitalised.
 29 June 2015: A F-7MB aircraft on a training flight belonging to the Bangladesh Air Force that took off from Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong crashed into the Bay of Bengal, six miles off Patenga Beach. The pilot of the aircraft, Flight Lieutenant Rumman Tahmid, remains missing despite a large scale search that only turned up debris of the aircraft.

References

General sources

External links

Aviation schools
 Heritage International College of Aviation Science and Management
 United College of Aviation Science and Management
 Aeronautical Institute of Bangladesh
 Arirang Aviation
 Galaxy Flying Academy
 BSc in Aeronautical Science, BBA in Aviation Management
 HICASM

Aviation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Q: How many solutions have $ 6 \ln(x^2+1) = e^x $ How many solutions   have $$ 6 \ln(x^2+1) =  e^x $$
I can use there derivatives.
my try
Let $$ f(x) = 6 \ln(x^2+1) -  e^x $$
$$ f'(x) = \frac{12x}{x^2-1} - e^x $$
I think that it is useful to find there extremes:
So when $f'(x) = 0$?
$$\frac{12x}{x^2-1} = e^x$$
But I don't know how to solve that using calculus
I have seen this post but there was only link to relative post where was method which wasn't on my lecture.

A: Too long for a comment.
You are looking for the zero's of
$$f(x)=6 \ln(x^2+1) -  e^x$$
Since there is no problem with the logarithms, it is the same as looking for the intersections of
$$g(x)=\log \left(6 \log \left(x^2+1\right)\right)\qquad \text{and} \qquad h(x)=x$$ Function $g(x)$ has an infinite branch at $x=0$ and $g(x)=g(-x)$ so there is at least two roots.
When $x$ is "large" $f(x)\sim 12\log(x)-e^x$ varies faster; so there will be another one.
Edit
@Barry Cipra's comment reveals that I went to fast. If the negative root will always exist, the existence of the other roots depend on the value assigned to the constant in
$$g(x)=\log \left(\color{red}{k} \log \left(x^2+1\right)\right)$$ There will be a double root if, at the same time, $g(x)=x$ and $g'(x)=1$.
The second condition write
$$\frac{2 x}{\left(x^2+1\right) \log \left(x^2+1\right)}=1$$ which cannot solve explicitely. The numerical solution is $x=1.2801$ and, from the first condition,  $k=3.7072$.
So,

*

*if $k <3.7072$, there is only one root (the negative one)

*if $k=3.7072$, there are a double positive root $x=1.2801$

*if $k>3.7072$, there are two distinct positive roots

Update
The second condition consists in finding the zero of function
$$h(x)={2 x}-{\left(x^2+1\right) \log \left(x^2+1\right)}$$ By inspection, it is clear that the solution is between $1$ and $2$.
We can approximate the function by its simplest $[1,1]$ Padé approximant built at $x=1$ and solve for $x$ the linear equation given by its numerator. Applied to the present case, this would lead to
$$x=\frac{2-\log ^2(2)+\log (2)}{2+\log ^2(2)-\log (2)}\approx 1.23801$$
The first condition write
$$k=\frac{e^x}{\log \left(x^2+1\right)}$$
Replacing gives a nasty expression for $k$ the numerical value of which being $3.71123$.

A: We can see that the function $g(x)=6\ln(1+x^2)-e^x$ is decreasing on $(-\infty,0)$ and $\lim_{x\to-\infty}g(x)=\infty$, $g(0)=-1$. By intermediate value theorem, there is a unique negative root of $g$. To investigate positive roots, set $h(x)=6e^{-x}\ln(1+x^2)$ and observe that $h(1)=\frac{6\ln 2}e>1$ and that $h'(x)=6e^{-x}(\frac{2x}{1+x^2}-\ln(1+x^2)).$ We can show for all $c\in (0,1]$,  $\ln(1+c^2)<\frac{2c}{1+c^2}$ holds because mean value theorem implies the existence of $d\in (0,c)$ such that
$$
\frac{\ln(1+c^2)-\ln(1)}c=\frac{2d}{1+d^2}=\frac{2}{\frac1{d}+d}<1 \le\frac{2}{1+c^2}.
$$Thus $h'(c)>0$ on $(0,1]$. On the other hand, $\frac{2x}{1+x^2}-\ln(1+x^2)$ is decreasing on $[1,\infty)$ with $\lim_{x\to\infty } \frac{2x}{1+x^2}-\ln(1+x^2)=-\infty$. By IVP, there is a unique $x_0>1$ such that $h'(x_0)=0$, and  we conclude from the previous observations that $h(x)$ is increasing on $x<x_0$ and decreasing on $(x_0,\infty)$. As was already noted, we have $h(x_0)\ge h(1)>1$, and this in turn implies there are exactly 2 roots of the equation $h(x)=1$, i.e. $g(x)=0$. To sum up, there is one negative root and two positive roots of the equation $g(x)=0$.

A: Rearrange to the form $x=g(x)$ and apply $x_0=1, x_{n+1}=g(x_n)$, iterating to see where it goes:
For example, we take the $\ln$ of both sides and get:
$$x_{n+1}=\ln\bigg[6\ln(x_n^2+1)\bigg]$$
Which leads to $x\approx 2.461953976$ (use a calculator with the $Ans$ function)
Now try rearranging to form a different expression of the form $x=h(x)$, and see where that leads.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sergio Marchionne has been replaced as the boss of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles by Jeep boss Mike Manley, after suffering serious complications following surgery.
The 66-year-old Italian-Canadian has been CEO of Fiat since 2004, and has headed up the FCA Group since Fiat and Chrysler's merger in 2011. Marchionne had been due to step down as CEO next year. He has also been replaced as chairman and CEO of Ferrari.
Marchionne is understood to have undergone shoulder surgery recently, although no specifics of his condition have been released. An FCA Group statement said: "during the course of this week unexpected complications arose when Mr Marchionne was recovering from surgey and that these have worsened significantly in recent hours.
Having overseen the merger of Fiat and Chrysler, Marchionne has overseen the firm's decision to focus on premium brands such as Jeep and Alfa Romeo ahead of Fiat and Chrysler themselves. With sales and profits growing, the Group is on course to clear its debt this year.
With Marchionne already due to step down next year, the board said it has "resolved to accelerate the CEO transition process" by naming Briton Manley as the Group's new CEO. While the board had given Manley all the powers of CEO "with immediate effect", the move will need to be approved by a meeting of shareholders.
Kent-born Manley joined DaimlerChrysler in 2000, taking over as boss of Jeep in 2009. He also heads Ram. Since taking over he has overseen the growth of Jeep in the USA and a big push into the European market.
The FCA Group recently unveiled its five-year business plan running until 2022, focusing on the Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Jeep and Ram brands.
In a separate statement, Ferrari paid tribute to "the extraordinary contribution" Marchionne had made to the firm. Ferrari's board has named John Elkann as a new chairman, and will propose to shareholders that Louis C Camilleri be named CEO.
Elkann is the grandson of Gianni Agnelli, and serves as chairman and CEO of EXOR, the holding and investment company owned by the Agnelli and Elkann families.
Camilleri, 63, was born in Malta and was chairman of the Philip Morris tobacco firm, a long-time sponsor of Ferrari's F1 team, until 2014. He already sits on the Ferrari board.
How to fix Jeep: what is the future of the firm in Europe?
tragic end to an outstanding career. I hope he recovers quickly and gets to enjoy his retirement - he has more than earned it.
Something is bad. Really really bad. From shoulder surgery to almost dead?
. Probably an infection that caused a temperature rise, who knows, let's hope he recovers well.
While wishing Sergio Marchionne a speedy recovery and a healthy future, it is time for a fresh approach for FCA and increased investments in competetive engines, platforms and new models. Probably time to knock on SAIC's door, and see if they want to share some costs and engineering with Roewe/ MG. What potential!
For a great many people perusing this article, finding a powerful eating routine that works more often than not should appear as convoluted as atomic forskolin purchase from getfreestuffonlinenow.com. It's not, yet there are a dumbfounding number of decisions for eating regimens out there. High fat or no fat.


Newswise — A new quality improvement initiative that aims to create effective solutions in optimizing adult vaccination rates was announced today. The program, the Adult Immunization Project, is a collaboration among the Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI), Duke Primary Care, Pfizer, and Premier. Researchers will jointly work to develop evidence-based interventions to support indicated adult vaccination practices among providers in the Duke Health system.
Improving adult vaccination rates has been a longstanding goal of the nation's public health experts. Adults are more likely than children to contract vaccine-preventable diseases, largely because adult immunization rates are considerably lower than childhood rates. Real-world data show that pneumococcal, influenza, tetanus, and herpes zoster vaccination rates lag well behind national goals, particularly for high-risk patient populations. Nearly 50,000 American adults die each year from vaccine-preventable diseases or their complications.
As part of the collaborative project, researchers at Duke will analyze data from primary care practices before, during, and after the deployment of educational interventions to determine which approaches were successful in helping patients understand the benefits and risks associated with various vaccinations. The project will be piloted throughout Duke Primary Care practices, engaging frontline clinic staff on improving patient awareness and delivery of indicated and customary immunization care for current adult patients.
"With the data being collected, we'll be able to better understand what motivates provider and patient behavior, and understand what types of interventions have the most traction," said John Anderson, MD, chief medical officer for Duke Primary Care.
Patient data will be stored, streamlined, and analyzed using Premier's CECity quality analytics platform. The platform is a clinical data warehouse that allows healthcare providers to access patient information in a single, consolidated view. In addition to access of patient vaccination status, the platform allows providers to manage outlier reports, identify high-risk patients, and connect patients to appropriately targeted interventions."Together, we are in a unique position to provide research-level analytics around an evidence-based quality improvement approach designed to help hospitals and health systems meet population health goals and implement effective, scalable prevention strategies," said Leigh Anderson, senior vice president and chief information officer at Premier.The initiative is funded by Pfizer, which markets FDA-approved vaccine products in the United States and has a number of vaccine candidates being evaluated in clinical trials.
About the Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI)The Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI), part of the Duke University School of Medicine, is the largest academic research organization in the world. Its mission is to develop and share knowledge that improves the care of patients through innovative clinical research. The DCRI conducts groundbreaking multinational clinical trials, manages major national patient registries, and performs landmark outcomes research. DCRI research spans multiple disciplines, from pediatrics to geriatrics, primary care to subspecialty medicine, and genomics to proteomics. The DCRI also is home to the Duke Databank for Cardiovascular Diseases, the largest and oldest institutional cardiovascular database in the world, which continues to inform clinical decision-making more than 40 years after its founding.
About Duke Primary CareWith more than 200 physicians, physician assistants and nurse practitioners working out of 32 locations across eight North Carolina counties, Duke Primary Care effectively extends the reach of the Duke University Health System throughout the local community.Duke Primary Care supports Duke Health's mission of education, research and patient care through the development and integration of a full-service primary care network, and provides unmatched patient care services that include primary internal medicine, family practice and general pediatrics, acute and chronic care management, disease prevention and wellness, and urgent care.
About Premier Inc.Premier Inc. (NASDAQ: PINC) is a leading healthcare improvement company, uniting an alliance of approximately 3,750 U.S. hospitals and 130,000 other providers. With integrated data and analytics, collaboratives, supply chain solutions, and advisory and other services, Premier enables better care and outcomes at a lower cost. Premier, a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award recipient, plays a critical role in the rapidly evolving healthcare industry, collaborating with members to co-develop long-term innovations that reinvent and improve the way care is delivered to patients nationwide. Headquartered in Charlotte, N.C., Premier is passionate about transforming American healthcare. Please visit Premier's news and investor sites on www.premierinc.com.


Molecular Dynamics, Recrystallization Behavior, and Water Solubility of the Amorphous Anticancer Agent Bicalutamide and Its Polyvinylpyrrolidone Mixtures.
In this paper, we investigated the molecular mobility and physical stability of amorphous bicalutamide, a poorly water-soluble drug widely used in prostate cancer treatment. Our broadband dielectric spectroscopy measurements and differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed that amorphous BIC is a moderately fragile material with a strong tendency to recrystallize from the amorphous state. However, mixing the drug with polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone results in a substantial improvement of physical stability attributed to the antiplasticizing effect governed by the polymer additive. Furthermore, IR study demonstrated the existence of specific interactions between the drug and excipient. We found out that preparation of bicalutamide-polyvinylpyrrolidone mixture in a 2-1 weight ratio completely hinder material recrystallization. Moreover, we determined the time-scale of structural relaxation in the glassy state for investigated materials. Because molecular mobility is considered an important factor governing crystallization behavior, such information was used to approximate the long-term physical stability of an amorphous drug and drug-polymer systems upon their storage at room temperature. Moreover, we found that such systems have distinctly higher water solubility and dissolution rate in comparison to the pure amorphous form, indicating the genuine formulation potential of the proposed approach.


Premium brass wire spring-type plate hangers with clear plastic tubing on tips to protect your precious plates.
This plate hanger fits 5-7.5 inch plates.
This plate hanger fits 8-11 inch plates.
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text:
Q: How to Sum up fields across different groups in T-SQL I have a bunch of tables that I left join and a Group By clause that groups a bunch of columns.
However, there is a one column that is group-by'ed on but remains distinct (productNumber).
I need to sum up the quantity column below:
salesID  historyID  productID  name  productNumber  quantity
      1        123          1     A         234554        10
      1        123          1     A         666666        10

I want only the first record but with the quantity of 10+10=20.
The first record would have a flag mainNumber = 1 and the second record would have a mainNumber=0, however that column does not appear in the SELECT.
In other words, I'd like to sum up the quantities but only display the productNumber where mainNumber=1.
How do I do that?
Thanks!

A: If I understood the question correctly, this may help you:
SELECT salesID, historyID, productID, name, productNumber, total.quantity
FROM table1
JOIN (
     SELECT salesID, SUM(quantity) AS quantity FROM table1 GROUP BY salesID
     ) AS total
ON table1.salesID = total.salesID
WHERE mainNumber=1

A: Not totally sure I understood... In the result set you want only the first row but which value should be in the productNumber column?
If just about any value would do, you must not GROUP BY productNumber (which keeps the rows distinct) but aggregate it, e.g. with MIN or MAX.


text:
/**
 * Created by raychen on 16/7/20.
 */

//import {getUserStarred} from './User_github';
var github = require('octonode');
var client = github.client();

let test_code = 0;

switch (test_code){
  case 0: {
    client.get('users/mattdesl/starred', {page:1}, function (err, status, body, headers) {
      let full_name_array = [];
      for (let i=0;i<body.length;i++){
        let json = body[i];
        full_name_array[i] = json.full_name;
      }
      console.log(full_name_array); //json object
    });
  }break;

  case 1: {
    var user = client.user('RickChem');
    var me = client.me();

    me.starred((err, data, header) => {
      console.log('err: '+ err);
      console.log('data: '+ JSON.stringify(data));
      console.log('header: '+ header);
    });
  }break;

  case 2:{
    let t = getUserStarred('mattdesl');
    console.log(t);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sines v. Kessler was a civil lawsuit against various organizers, promoters, and participants in the Unite the Right rally, a white supremacist rally that took place in Charlottesville, Virginia in August 2017. The trial began in October 2021, and on November 23, the jury reached a mixed verdict in which they found various defendants liable on claims of civil conspiracy and race-based harassment or violence. They also found James A. Fields, Jr., the perpetrator of the car attack against counterprotesters at the rally, liable for assault and battery and intentional infliction of harm. Altogether, the jury awarded the plaintiffs more than $25million in punitive and compensatory damages. The judge reduced the jury's punitive damages verdict from $24 million to $350,000.

The lawsuit was originally filed on October 11, 2017 by nine plaintiffs against 14 individuals and 10 organizations. Defendants included Jason Kessler, Richard B. Spencer, and Christopher Cantwell, as well as white supremacist and neo-Nazi organizations such as Identity Evropa and Vanguard America.

Background

Unite the Right rally

Legal basis
The lawsuit was based in the Ku Klux Klan Act, which was passed by Congress in 1871 to protect African Americans from vigilante attacks. Specifically, the lawsuit relied on 42 U.S.C. Section 1985, which describes "conspiracy to interfere with civil rights". The provision is rarely invoked in lawsuits, but has been referenced in several lawsuits related to protests. It is one of the few laws that can form the basis for an accusation that private citizens (rather than the government) has impeded a plaintiff's civil rights. Although the law is applicable, Jack Beerman, a law professor from Boston University who has written extensively about the act, says that the Supreme Court has historically been reluctant to apply the law to private citizens.

The lawsuit was also based in other statutes, including the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Parties

Plaintiffs
Nine Charlottesville residents—including some injured during the rally—filed suit on October 11, 2017 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. The case was named for the lead plaintiff, Elizabeth Sines, who was a law student at the University of Virginia at the time of the rally. The plaintiffs were backed by the non-profit Integrity First for America and represented by a team of lawyers led by Roberta Kaplan.

Defendants

The defendant for whom the case was named is Jason Kessler, a neo-Nazi activist who was a primary organizer of the Unite the Right rally. The lawsuit also named defendant Richard B. Spencer as a primary organizer.

Defendants Christopher Cantwell and Michael Peinovich (known by the pseudonym Mike Enoch) were listed in the lawsuit as promoters of the event. The lawsuit also identified The Daily Stormer as a promoter of the rally through its website and various "book clubs"; the lawsuit named Andrew Anglin and Robert "Azzmador" Ray as individuals responsible for The Daily Stormer, as well as the limited liability corporation, Moonbase Holdings.

Several white supremacist groups, and various leaders and members of these groups, were listed as defendants: Vanguard America was included as a defendant due to the plaintiffs' belief that defendant James A. Fields, Jr., the perpetrator of the Charlottesville car attack, was a member of the group. Other defendants were Identity Evropa, its founder Nathan Damigo, and member Elliot Kline (also known as Eli Mosley); the Traditionalist Worker Party and its leaders Matthew Heimbach and Matthew Parrott; the League of the South and leaders Michael Hill and Michael Tubbs; the Fraternal Order of the Alt-Knights (a subgroup of the Proud Boys) and its leader Augustus Sol Invictus; the East Coast Knights of the Ku Klux Klan; the Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan; the National Socialist Movement and its leader Jeff Schoep; and the loose group known as the Nationalist Front, led by Schoep, Heimbach, and Hill.

Default judgments were entered against defendants Andrew Anglin; Moonbase Holdings, LLC; East Coast Knights of the Ku Klux Klan; Fraternal Order of the Alt-Knights; Augustus Sol Invictus; Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan; and the Nationalist Front. Robert "Azzmador" Ray was a fugitive while the lawsuit was underway, wanted on federal and local warrants.

Lawsuit

Pleadings
The plaintiffs claimed that their civil rights had been violated as the organizers had urged those attending to arm themselves and partake in violence. The plaintiffs sought both compensatory and injunctive relief from the trial. The defendants all sought to dismiss the case, claiming that the tactic was equivalent to "lawfare" to silence them and hurt them financially. Judge Norman K. Moon denied the motions to dismiss in July 2018, allowing the case to proceed to the discovery phase.

Discovery
To demonstrate the claims that the organizers colluded to incite violence, plaintiffs turned to the social media tools used by the organizers, and to anonymous users that communicated with them on alt-right servers on the Discord application. Many of these Discord messages were obtained and distributed to the press by the media collective Unicorn Riot, which collected more than one thousand screenshots of the Discord servers used during the time of the rally's planning. The plaintiffs requested subpoenas to Discord to reveal the identity of about 30 users. At least one of those users moved to quash the subpoena, arguing they had the right to engage in anonymous speech through Discord. In August 2018, U.S. Magistrate Judge Joseph C. Spero denied the motion to quash the portion of the subpoena seeking the identity of the senders, but granted the motion to quash the subpoena seeking the contents of the messages based on the Stored Communications Act. The identities were ordered to be kept confidential. Spero wrote that "While even limited disclosure of this information may create some chilling effect, the protections available through a designation of 'highly confidential' mitigate that harm, and Plaintiffs' interest in this information, which is relevant to testing their claims of an alleged violent conspiracy based on racial and religious animus, outweighs the potential harm to [Jane Doe's] right to association".

On April 26, 2019, U.S. Magistrate Judge Joel C. Hoppe gave defendant Jeff Schoep seven days to comply with plaintiffs' discovery requests after they alleged he was avoiding producing court-ordered evidence in the lawsuit. Vanguard America were forced to pay over $16,000 for not supplying documents as requested, and Matthew Heimbach and Elliot Kline were ordered to pay over $12,000. Kline also was jailed in contempt of court for refusing to provide documents as ordered.

During the discovery phase, Cantwell made violent antisemitic threats against the plaintiff's lawyers, and two attorneys requested to end their representation due to his "repugnant or imprudent" behavior. Cantwell subsequently began defending himself pro se. Other lawyers for various defendants have left the case, citing unpaid bills or lack of cooperation. Kyle Chapman, who was proceeding pro se as a representative for the Fraternal Order of the Alt Knights, called the plaintiffs "verminous cretins" in an email to NPR. In September 2021, Judge Moon denied a motion for summary judgment filed by the League of the South and its leaders, Hill and Tubbs, allowing the case to proceed to trial.

Trial
Jury selection for the trial began on October 25, 2021. Opening statements began on October 28.

Altogether, plaintiffs spent approximately two weeks calling witnesses; the defense spent two days doing the same. A video deposition was shown of Samantha Froelich, an ex-girlfriend of Elliot Kline, who described her experiences as a former member of Identity Evropa and the alt-right. Holocaust historian Deborah Lipstadt testified to connections between historical antisemitism and contemporary political themes. Chatham University Associate Professor and extremism researcher Peter Simi appeared as an expert witness to describe the importance of violence to the ideology of the white supremacist movement, and the strategy within the movement of claiming violent statements are jokes to try to create plausible deniability. Fields, the perpetrator of the car attack, refused to testify. Defendants called a member of the League of the South and a Charlottesville police officer.

The defense rested on November 17, and closing statements began on November 18. On November 19, the jury entered deliberations with 11 jurors instead of the usual 12, as one juror was forced to quarantine as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Verdict
The jury reached a mixed verdict on November 23, 2021. They deadlocked on the first two claims, to determine whether defendants had engaged in a federal race-based conspiracy. Jurors found all defendants liable on the third claim, of civil conspiracy under Virginia state law. Jurors awarded $500,000 in punitive damages against each individual defendant, and $1million against each organization in relation to that charge.

On the fourth claim, jurors found that all defendants named in the charge (Kessler, Spencer, Kline, Ray, and Cantwell) had engaged in race-based harassment or violence, and awarded $200,000 in punitive damages against each defendant.

The final two claims only applied to Fields, the perpetrator of the car attack. Jurors found that he was liable for assault and battery and intentional infliction of harm, and awarded a total of $12million in damages against him.

Altogether, punitive and compensatory damages totaled more than $25million. Following the verdict, lawyers for the plaintiffs said they intended to try the defendants again on the two claims that could not be decided. Richard Spencer stated he would appeal the judgement, saying that the "entire theory of that verdict is fundamentally flawed." In early 2023, the judge reduced the jury's punitive damages verdict from $24 million to $350,000 due to a Virginia law that caps punitive damages at $350,000 per case. The $2 million in compensatory damages was left unchanged.

References

External links

2021 in United States case law
2021 in Virginia
Ku Klux Klan
Unite the Right rally
United States civil rights case law
Virginia state case law


"Television, with its illusion of immediacy, distances – immures us in our own indifference" Susan Sontag.
Arising from a series of recent digital works deconstructing the medium of television, SNOOZE stitches together the consecutive seconds in which a news presenter blinks his eyes shut during a live BBC News 24 broadcast.
By supplanting the original sound with a gentle twinkling melody, Gomila creates a sense of lull and monotony effecting a slumberous TV presenter despite headlines of breaking news. These subtle manipulations transfer to the viewer and as we begin to nod, questions are poised about media power of information control and dissemination.


text:
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This Muslim guy had to do something for his enjoyment. His wife had left the home for a few days since she wanted to stay in her mother's home. He tried to book a hooker in his place so that he could have sex in his bedroom. But unfortunately, he could not find any. Meanwhile, he receives a number from his friend who would perform hot mujra for the living. So, she books her for a private chinese live sex show. She feels surprised to see only one man sitting on the couch when she begins to perform. She takes off her tops and shows her boobs often. Finally, she removes her pajamas and dances wearing just a panty. Now, he could resist himself and makes her lie on the floor. He comes on top of her kissing her boobs when she wraps her legs around him.
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A web host is any company that provides the resources to host your website on. When your visitors type your URL on their web browser, a connection is established with the respective server, and your site shows up.
A great looking website will prove ineffective if your hosting service is ineffective. So it is critical to choose a reliable web hosting service. Here are some signs to look for when choosing a web host.
High server uptime is the first sign of a good web host. A lower uptime can affect your brand reputation and even lower your conversions. So be sure to choose a hosting service that offers an uptime of 99.9%. Your host should provide a legitimate uptime guarantee in the form of a clause in their service contract.
Your website needs to work 24/7 so this dictates that you should expect exceptional support from your web host. You should be able to get in touch with your service provider when your website is experiencing a technical problem to get it up and ready quickly.
The hosting company should also offer multiple contact points. In addition to standard telephone, chat and email options, an exclusive portal to lodge your complaints would be great.
You should be able to host your content management system easily. If the hosting platform is complicated, you'll end up paying extra for hired technical assistance. Work on the prospective host's demo platform to determine how easy it is to use.
Choose a host that offers multiple options for subscription such as a monthly, quarterly, six-monthly and a yearly subscription plan. This way, you'll be able to try the provider for a trial period before you decide to subscribe further. Also, if they offer any discounts on long-term subscriptions.
Compare pricing and features provided by multiple service providers and eliminate those that you feel are heavily priced for the same features.
A web host should be there for you when you grow, to scale up your website accordingly to meet your needs.
For example, if you are planning to open your online stores soon, your web host should be able to scale your existing platform to meet such needs.
Similarly, if you are planning an aggressive growth strategy, your web host should be able to upgrade simultaneously, say to a dedicated server.
Analyse your needs first to end up with the right provider. Take help of online reviews and customer feedback additionally to increase your chances of success.
This is a very concise guide, thank you. 24/7 technical assistance is definitely desirable, there's nothing worse than the site going down when you depend on it for your business to work, and then you can't get any help until "business hours".


text:
Research is a central mission at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston Medical Center (BMC), where research initiatives are supportive of all aspects of biomedical research, from exploration at the basic science level, to translating fundamental discoveries into treatments that improve human health.
Research also contributes to high quality education, training and development for students, residents and physician scientists. Conducted in an environment that fosters scientific inquiry within traditional surgical disciplines as well as across disciplinary boundaries, the mission is to foster multidisciplinary research not only within the Department of Surgery but also with investigators from other departments such as Biomedical Engineering. This initiative is the key to translating basic research to the bedside using novel treatment modalities.
Learn more about our faculty's research interests
The Department of Surgery has historically made a major commitment to surgical research and has plans for significant expansion. Our extensive research initiatives are both laboratory-and clinically-based, providing research training opportunities to medical students, surgical residents and fellows.
Core facilities include analytical instrumentation, biomedical and cellular imaging, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, animal science center, microarray, proteomics, bioinformatics and a transgenic center to name a few. For a full listing of Core Laboratories & Facilities please click here.
Active collaborations with biomedical engineers broaden the opportunities in the areas of surgical devices, tissue engineering for repair and wound healing and drug delivery. Conferences, seminars, guest speakers and training programs are available through these collaborations and formal coursework is available within the School of Medicine and School of Public Health. Affiliations with over 25 Centers and Institutes affords investigators access to leading experts in major medical and surgical disciplines.


text:
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Features, History, Interviews, People
Interview: McSorley's Historian Bill Wander Fills Us In on the Secrets of NYC's Oldest Bar
Posted On Tue, March 17, 2015 By Dana Schulz In Features, History, Interviews, People
Undoubtedly, there are hundreds of New Yorkers and out-of-towners planning to stop by McSorley's Old Ale House today for a St. Patrick's Day round of beers. But beyond the brews and bros, there's a deep history rooted in this East Village institution, and we've found the man who knows it all.
The official historian of McSorley's, Bill Wander can give you the full timeline that dates McSorley's to 1854, making it the oldest bar in the city. He can also fill you in on all the tchotchkes adorning the walls of this Irish tavern, none of which have been removed since 1910. But more important than the textbook facts related to McSorley's, Bill has an undeniable passion for this watering hole, for both its important cultural history and the unique social atmosphere that keeps the bar a neighborhood mainstay after all these years. We recently chatted with Bill to find out some of the lesser-known details about McSorley's and what the title of "official historian" entails.
McSorley's in 1937, taken by Berenice Abbot, via NYPL
How did you assume the role of official historian at McSorley's?
I usually answer that by saying, "I had the library card." And I give it a second or two for the joke to work.
McSorley's founding date was challenged in the mid 1990's. I realized that while the greatest piece ever written about McSorley's was Joseph Mitchell's 1940 New Yorker article "The Old House at Home." But what did we know beyond that? I spent one day in the library and found the trail lead right to 1854. I took what I had back to Matty Maher, McSorley's owner, and he asked me if I'd stay on it. We shook hands with the agreement that we would stand or fall on the evidence. My reward was the title of historian. I had been a researcher in the documentary film world for years, but never tackled primary research. This was before Ancestry.com–census records were on scratchy microfilm, and you found things with an indexing system called Soundex. In a way it was better than the digitized versions–I often found things that had been mis-filed or mis-transcribed.
So my bulging file cabinet, and pile of notes, is a bar bet that got out of hand.
Can you give us the background on John McSorley and what it was like when he first opened the tavern in 1854?
John McSorley is considered a famine immigrant–his ship landed in New York in January of 1851. He is not a dirt-poor Irishman–he has relatives here, one a successful businessman, who probably paid John's passage. He does everything wrong–his saloon is in a neighborhood that is more German than Irish, and his offering is ale, not lager beer, the popular drink of the time. He is not on a corner, and he is too close to a church. In the beginning the building was not five stories tall–there was nothing in the neighborhood that tall. Tavern is the wrong word–at the time tavern usually meant lodging and food. This was a saloon. In a town full of saloons. At first he shared the address–the bar room was only half the size it is today. It would be ten years before the landlord improved the building to a tenement with flats above and the entire first floor became a saloon.
It was a good location, a transportation hub–the horse cars transferred here, there was a booming market across the street, and the street was the uptown edge of the theater district. John's landlord plays a large part in this–he is the social opposite of the McSorleys. He's a lawyer, a southern transplant from Charleston, a former slave owner, protestant, and he left a paper trail, showing that his association with the McSorleys begins in 1852 and continues to his grandchildren in the 1940's.
Over the years, there's been a lot of debate about whether McSorley's actually holds the title for the city's oldest bar. In fact, just last month Neir's Tavern in Woodhaven, Queens said that it opened in 1829, 30 years before McSorley's. How do you defend McSorley's title?
I can't comment on Neir's–I haven't seen the research yet. It may very well be that a business of bar/tavern/of one sort has been there over the years–so I am anxious to see the details. The last time McSorley's age was called in to question, the challenger's evidence turned out to be cherry picked–closures and ownerships were left out, a trucking company occupying the premise ignored, documents misinterpreted at best, misrepresented at worst. The newspapers took off–none of the press checked any of the claims, proclaiming that "city records showed it to be an empty lot," and declaring a "gotcha" to McSorley's. Nobody grasped the fact that tax records are kept in fiscal years, and no one is taxed on what they are going to have. Rather than showing that McSorley's is not there, it shows that it is–right on time.
McSorley's title "oldest" goes back to the end of Prohibition. The day after it ended, a New York Newspaper proclaimed that title (strangely enough they knew right where to find McSorley's). But McSorley's has the advantage of its stubborn refusal to change for fad or fashion, something that was noted when the place was less that forty-five years old. Neir's has had to change to keep a business going, but no matter how this sorts itself out, neither business will change or suffer from the facts.
1912 painting by John Sloan titled "McSorley's Bar"
Has the ownership changed much over the years?
Depending on how you count, there have been seven owners of McSorley's–John, his son Bill, then Dan O'Connell who bought the place. Daniel's daughter Dorothy inherited McSorley's at his death. Dot's husband Harry managed the place and was the owner for the briefest time, a few months after his wife's passing away. Some people don't count Harry, as the estate was still in court when he died. Their son Danny owned it then, but decided to sell it to the current owner Matthew Maher, a trusted employee since the early 1960's. But in 161 years, that ownership covers only three families.
The bar didn't allow women in until 1970. Tell us a bit about how that came to be (and did they have a restroom?).
It was not uncommon for respectable 19th century places to keep women out. A woman in a bar was considered to be up to no good. Women found their place at the bar with their foot on the rail after prohibition. McSorley's policy in its time was not unique, but it outlasted the custom. By 1969, it was almost all alone, but even then, the Biltmore Hotel did not allow "unaccompanied" women at the bar either. McSorley's didn't allow them at all, even though the owner at the time was a woman, Dorothy Kirwan.
In January of 1969, Faith Seidenberg and Karen DeCrow traveled from Syracuse with the express purpose of being served at McSorley's. They entered, were asked to leave, and then were escorted out. They brought suit against the bar, claiming that as they had a liquor license issued by the state, they had to serve all members of the public. By late June of 1970, a judge agreed with them and ordered McSorley's to serve women. While that is often the story cited, that is not what brought women into McSorley's. As soon as the judge ruled, McSorley's filed an appeal. City Council woman Carol Greitzer sponsored an anti-discrimination law and that was signed in August of 1970 forcing the opening of McSorley's to all. A lot of people don't understand the actual action that brought women through the door. Seidenberg and DeCrow got the ball rolling, but it was Carol Greitzer who finished the job.
There was no ladies' room for another 15 years because the law stated that they only needed sanitary facilities for their employees, and McSorley's only had men on the payroll. So, the "sanitary facilities" were shared. McSorley's didn't rush into this in case it was a fad.
Inside McSorley's © MsSaraKelly on Flickr
The horseshoe surrounding a relief bust of Abe Lincoln behind the bar © Bill Wander
Today, the bar is a kind of museum to its own history, full of old tchotchkes, newspaper clippings, and photos of famed persons who have passed through the doors, such as Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, John Lennon, and Woody Guthrie. What are some of the quirkier of the mementos? And do you have a favorite?
There are the shackles worn by a prisoner of war from the Civil War, an opium pipe, and there are rumors of the ashes of more than one regular. I like the Fenian bond, and there is a huge horseshoe that surrounds a relief bust of Abe Lincoln. The legend says that the shoe came from one of the horses that pulled Lincoln's hearse.
What's with the sawdust on the floor?
It's one of those anachronisms of McSorley's because once upon a time, in the days of spittoons, not everybody had good aim. Likewise any other spillage. Sawdust is absorbent, and you can make any kind of mess that you might find on a saloon floor sweepable. It would also make it easy to slide a keg or beer box across the floor.
McSorley's famously only offers two bar options–light beer or dark beer. How do you find the younger generations of patrons respond to this limited menu in the age of artisanal brews?
It comes down to the difference between beer and ale–to a brewer they are not interchangeable. McSorley's is an ale house. After prohibition, many of the beer and ale styles vanished. Tastes favored light frothy drinks (think "the King of Beers" regional styles), and seasonal brews were gone. McSorley's had ale and kept the flag of ale flying when ale was all but forgotten. Now look at recent fads in brewing. Manhattan Brewery? Gone. New Amsterdam? Micro- breweries come and go. There are only so many styles of beer and ale, and the fad brewers are left with tricks–hot peppers, fruit flavors, crazy amounts of hops– trying to outdo each other. Long after they are gone, McSorley's will still pull you a light or a dark. Limited menu? You didn't come here to change the place.
How would you describe the bar's regulars?
Over fifty years ago manager Harry Kirwan described a McSorley's regular as someone who had been coming there for thirty years. That necessarily makes a regular a certain age. There are regulars from the neighborhood, either residents or workers. They are retired merchant mariners, book editors, real estate agents, a librarian, and once inside the doors they are members of a society without classes. I've sat at a table with multi-millionaires, and with students who just about had the price of an ale. They're tourists, Knickerbockers, and "pilgrims" in search of history.
The busy interior of the McSorley's historic bar © Flickr user Vincent Desjardins
You're working on a book about McSorley's; when can we expect to find it on shelves?
I could say "Christmas" and not say what year. Every time I think I am closing in on completion, something else roars in over the transom. Many people come in claiming kinship to the McSorleys. Last year somebody did who actually was and descends from John's sister. The revelations about the in-laws painted a picture of Old John as sharing the trade. I stumbled on the obituary of John's grandson and finally found what happened to John's daughter–and it explains the fondness that Tammany Hall politicians had for the place.
Other than McSorley's what are your historic interests?
I am fascinated by New York City in the last half of the 19th century. I've researched house histories for friends, answering questions like "who lived in my house 100 years ago?" and "when did that addition change the house?" I got off on a tangent while researching a McSorley's lost tradition–the Beefsteak Banquet–and I delivered a presentation to the New York State Historical Association tracing it back to the 18th Century in Manhattan, and coincidentally a Beefsteak revival has sprung up.
Okay, last question, and the one our readers are probably all wondering, how often do you frequent McSorley's?
I can be in there three times in a week, and then not for three months. That does not mean I'm partaking of "the ale that never lets you grow old," in the words of e.e.cummings. Sometime it's to check a fact, sometimes for lunch, and sometimes "just for one. . ." I can't put away as much as I used to, but that leaves more for everybody else.
[This interview has been edited]
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Thomas X. Casey
It was a lot of fun reading your article. I have had many doubles at McSorley's. We are all connected…My friend Stephen Paul DeVillo has a new book coming out – The Bowery: The Strange History of New York's Oldest Street and of course discusses McSorley's. What he may not have mentioned, is that John Wroughton Mitchell, who died July 31, 1878 & estate owned the lot and building from the 1850's to 1888 and is in a NYC land-marked district. Mr. Mitchell's daughter Anna H. married Peter C. Van Schaick April 24,1850 and she died October 19, 1876. Mr. Van Schaick in his will directed his estate in 1880 to have a Library built in Anna's honor and donated to the Town of Westchester, now in the Bronx at 9 Westchester Square. The Library was designed by Frederick Clarke Withers, built by John Henderson & Sons and is now land-marked as the Huntington Free Library, of which I am President.
PS Based on Mr. Mitchell's work with the Episcopal church, his wife Caroline Green, sister of Timothy Ruggles Green of Massachusetts ( trustee of Brown University and was active in religious circles) and Law partner with Mr. Mitchell, I do not believe Mr. Mitchell owned slaves. He may have documented ownership and treatment, but I do not believe he actually owned slaves.
skepticalist
"To his slaves, John W. Mitchell was the kindest of masters. Contrary to the views of many of his neighbors, he taught then in secular and religious subjects, and insisted upon their attending church."
Pg 79 Mitchell Record.
Thomas Moriarty
In 1994 the late Richard McDermott research determined that McSorley's site was still an empty lot in 1861.his research was backed by the AIA GUIDE TO NEW YORK CITY, AND THE NEW YORK TIMES.
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Daniel Rogers
Senior Project Director
My true love for humanity was realized young in life when in college and needing to support my education goals, I took a job working with the developmentally challenged. This opened a new world of understanding about human nature and human need. That early experience changed the course of my educational pursuits and ultimately shaped my global view of impact and human betterment.
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Summary of Experience
Served as President and CEO of a large nonprofit in northern Ohio, overseeing several capital campaigns and many successful annual campaigns.
Served as President and CEO of a community-based nonprofit building a strategic brand and developing a strong future through economic development.
Founded and launched a consulting service focused on providing insight and proven strategies to drive innovation for nonprofits.
Has raised in excess of $50 million for nonprofits.
Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and Theology from Mount Vernon College.