Hi, welcome to the website of DL Jung, YA historical fiction author and occasional writer of fantasy and horror. This is my blog about my writing and all things bookish and historical, and the frequent intersection of the two.
The first in a series of three YA historical fiction novels, recounting the wartime experiences of Aelita "Aelya" Makarova. Inspired by the true story of women combat pilots of the Soviet Union during World War II.
Keep posted on news and other important updates here.
Xin li shi is Chinese for "new histories." It is also a homophone (pronounced shin-lee-shuh) for something that comes "from the heart." Xinlishi Press was created by DL Jung as an independent publisher to tell stories inspired by history, whether they are telling little known episodes from our real world or imagined histories of fantasy realms.


In the piece I highlighted here last week, about Congressman Bob Livingston's federal law against three-time violent offenders, I had the timeline slightly off.
Since original publication, I have been apprised of this video — http://www.c-span.org/video/?26965-1/violent-crime-legislation — which shows the true timeline. Livingston did not wait for Washington State to pass its referendum; he introduced the federal "LIFER" bill as soon as he heard that Washington State was planning an initiative on a Three Strikes law. He thus introduced his federal legislation not at the end of 1993, but in July of 1992. Once Washington State voters passed it a year later, Livingston's federal legislation gained rapid traction as described in the article.


text:
Home » Topics » Data Storage & Data Lakes » Intel's '3D' chips keep Moore's law on track
Intel's '3D' chips keep Moore's law on track
by Beatrice Bartlay 5 May 2011
All chipmakers feel the pressure to keep up with Moore's law, the prediction that the number of transistors that can be put on a microchip will double roughly every 18 months. The fear is that if transistor density stops doubling at that rate, customers will buy new computers less frequently.
No company feels that pressure as keenly as Intel, whose co-founder Gordon Moore authored the concept. The law is a reminder of which company masterminded the microprocessor revolution, and is almost as powerful a piece of branding as its 'Intel Inside' logo.
Smart processors Intel is stepping up its fight to sell processors to smartphone manufacturers
In April 2011, the Silicon Valley pioneer announced a new chip technology that it says will keep Moore's law safe for years to come.
Until now, all chip designs have arranged transistors – the tiny switches that are manipulated to perform logical operations – along a flat, 'planar' surface. Intel's new technology, named Tri Gate, adds an extra gate to each transistor that is vertically above the other two.
This innovation, the company says, gives each '3D' transistor greater control of the current that passes through it. That in turn means that when the transistor is switched off, fewer electrons leak through so the overall chip consumes less power.
The very concept of 'three dimensional' transistors is not new. Intel has been working on the idea for a decade, and rivals including AMD claim to have developed similar technologies. But Intel is the first to market with a commercialised product –the plan is for chips using Tri Gate to be on sale later this year.
That, says Richard Fichera, principal analyst at Forrester Research, makes Intel's announcement a "big deal". "It looks like Intel has once again trumped the other manufacturers with this technology," he says.
Tri Gate's low power consumption means that it may boost Intel's penetration in the mobile device market where, by its own admission, it has yet to match the success of its more traditional businesses.
"There could have a big impact on Intel's position in the mobile space, where it has essentially been missing in action," Fichera says.
But he adds that the company has its work cut out to catch up with the smartphone chip market leader ARM Holdings, whose reduced instruction set chip designs consume considerably less power than mobile chips based on Intel's x86 architecture.
"The upcoming Atom [Intel's mobile chip range], for example, will be lower power than its predecessors," he says. "But it is still more than double its ARM competitors for non-Windows applications, without factoring in any potential improvements from ARM."
One mobile market where Tri Gate will certainly boost Intel, Fichera says, is for tablets running Windows. Microsoft says it is developing a version of Windows for tablets that use ARM chips, ending decades of exclusivity to Intel's x86 architecture, but it will not be available for at least two years. If there is demand for tablets running Windows (which is by no means proven), Intel is now better placed to capture it.
However ARM is moving in from the other direction: market watcher IDC recently projected a 13% PC marketshare for the Cambridge chipmaker by 2015. With Intel cutting the power consumption of its chips and ARM pursuing more of the traditional market, competition between the two will only escalate.
Fichera believes that Tri Gate has more obvious benefits to Intel's data centre business. "It has a big significance for servers over the next 24 months as they begin to deliver server CPUs based on this technology," he says. "Server power in general, and idle power in particular, have been big challenges for data centre operators."
Most importantly, though, Tri Gate is a necessary step in the cycle of innovation that drives the entire IT sector, Fichera says.
"My hypothesis is that if new CPUs only came out every five years, to pick an arbitrary number, there would be a lot less excitement around new PCs and laptops, etc," he says. "This would depress the whole industry, not to mention Intel's revenues."
Kao Data: ensuring data centre sustainability with HVO fuel
Driving value from data lake and warehouse modernisation
Trends in data centre sustainability
How enterprises can bolster management of their data environments

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A touching film about a unique couple in a society that ignores the elderly. A love story about Rosa & Bruno, people in their 80s, who had considered themselves cut off from life until they suddenly experience what it's like to live and love again. Against all odds, they prove that it's never too late for new love and they enjoy the freedom that love brings. Does happiness have an expiration date? Or are the memories of those very special moments with a person you only meet once in your life more important?


TULSA, Okla. – Employees from the Tulsa District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers volunteered their time to take part in the city of Tulsa's 38th annual Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorative Parade, Jan. 16, 2017.
According to Michael Ware, Tulsa District Supervisory Regulatory Project Manager and African American Program Manager, the Tulsa District has been participating in the event for over 20 years.
District personnel walked alongside a boat from the Oologah Lake office that had been decorated with signs and balloons while handing out water safety reminders to children in the form of coloring books and frisbees.
"It was good to see so many people from the District office come out and support this event, in addition to all the support we received in preparing for today," said Rhonda Leal, Tulsa District Equal Employment Opportunity Specialist.
The parade began at 11 a.m., at the intersection of Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and John Hope Franklin Boulevard and wound around the Oklahoma State University campus, through the historic Greenwood District, finishing at Archer Street and Elgin Avenue.
Martin Luther King Jr., day is a federal holiday that was first observed January 20, 1986, and is celebrated the third Monday in January.


text:
\section{Introduction}

For an integer $\ell \ge 3$, the $r$-th \emph{polygonal number} or $r$-th $\ell$-\emph{gonal number} $P(\ell, r)$, $r \ge 1$, is defined by
 \[P(\ell, r) = \frac{(\ell-2)r^2-(\ell-4)r}2.\]

It is the total number of dots that are used to enlarge recursively a single dot, representing the first $\ell$-gonal number, to a regular $\ell$-gon with each side having $r$ dots. In the process the first dot remains the only common vertex of successive $\ell$-gons with each side having $r$ dots (cf. Figure \ref{fig1}).

\begin{figure}[H]
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\begin{picture}(80,45)
 \put(0,5){\includegraphics{P35.pdf}}
 \put(10,0){$P(3, 5)=15$}
 \put(52,0){$P(5,4) = 22$}
\end{picture}
 \caption{Representation of polygonal numbers for $\ell=3$ and $\ell=5$.}\label{fig1}
\end{figure}

Thus
 \[P(3, r) = \frac{r(r+1)}2 = 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, \ldots\]
are the \emph{triangular numbers},
 \[P(4, r) = r^2 = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, \ldots\]
are the (perfect) squares, whereas
 \[P(5, r) = \frac{r(3r-1)}2 = 1, 5, 12, 22, 35, \ldots\]
are the \emph{pentagonal numbers}, and so on.

These numbers, especially the triangular and the pentagonal numbers, have been studied since antiquity (cf. \cite{dick}). In 1638 Fermat stated without proof his Polygonal Number Theorem: \textit{Every positive integer is a sum of at most $\ell$ $\ell$-gonal numbers}. The case $\ell=4$ is a well-known theorem of Lagrange (\textit{every positive integer is a sum of at most four squares}), proved by Jacobi and independently by Lagrange in 1772. Gauss discovered it for $\ell =3$ as noted in his diary on 10 July 1796. Fermat's Polygonal Number Theorem for all $\ell$ was finally proved by Cauchy in 1813.

Euler determined all triangular numbers that are three times another triangular number. Given an integer $m>1$, it is interesting to study which triangular numbers are $m$ times another triangular number. In this paper, we recall the answer to this question (see \cite{chadsouz}) and determine, more generally, which $\ell$-gonal numbers are $m$ times another $\ell$-gonal number.

It is an easy consequence of the Pell equation, as we recall, that for any given square-free $m > 1$, the relation $\Delta = m\Delta'$ is satisfied by infinitely many pairs of triangular numbers $\Delta$ and $\Delta'$. However, this is not true for higher $\ell$-gonal numbers. We will give an example such that $P=mP'$ has no solution in $\ell$-gonal numbers (see Example~\ref{eg:nonexample}). Indeed, we will state a condition that, when satisfied, determines infinitely many solutions. We conjecture that no solutions exist when the stated condition fails.

In contrast, we also prove that, given $m > n > 1$, the simultaneous relations
 \[\begin{cases}
 P = mP'\\
 P = nP''\end{cases}\]
have only finitely many possibilities, not just for triangular numbers but for triplets $P$, $P'$, $P''$ of $\ell$-gonal numbers for all $\ell \ge 3$ except when $\ell = 4$ and $m$ and $n$ are both perfect squares. Table~\ref{table:simultaneousSols} gives several non-trivial examples of this phenomenon for small $\ell$, $m$, and $n$.

\section{The Pell equation and polygonal numbers}

The \emph{diophantine equations} (after Diophantus of Alexandria, a third century AD Greek mathematician and the author of a series of books called \textit{Arithmetica}) are polynomial equations with integer coefficients. The solutions sought are integers or sometimes rationals. One of the most famous diophantine equations is the so--called Pell equation.
 \begin{equation}\label{e:Pell}
x^2 - my^2 = 1.
 \end{equation}
Because the square factors of $m$ can be absorbed by $y^2$, the integer $m\ne 0$ is generally assumed to be square-free. We will not assume this in this article. We only assume that $m$ is not a perfect square.

This equation is named after the Englishman John Pell (1611--1685), who contributed nothing to its study.  Due to an error by Euler, the name Pell was given to this diophantine equation, and, according to Weil (\cite[p.~174]{weil}), ``traditional designation [of equation \eqref{e:Pell}] as Pell's equation is unambiguous and convenient.''

The Pell equation has a very long and rich history going at least as far back as Archimedes (cf.~\cite{len}, \cite{nels}, \cite{weil}). His complicated ``cattle problem'' reduces to the Pell equation \eqref{e:Pell} with $m=4,729,494$. Its first nontrivial solution (i.e.~with $y\ne 0$) was found by computer search (cf.~\cite{nels}) not too long ago (in 1980).

If we write \eqref{e:Pell} as
\begin{equation*
(x + y\sqrt m)(x - y\sqrt m) = 1,
\end{equation*}
and assume that $m$ is square--free, then solving the Pell equation is equivalent to finding the units of $\mathbb Z[\sqrt m]$, a special case of the Dirichlet unit theorem for the ring of integers of a number field. (Actually, this is true only if $m\equiv 0,2,3\pmod 4$, if $m\equiv 1 \pmod 4$, it needs slight modification (cf.~\cite[pp.~78--89]{jsc}) but is not an issue here.)

The solution $(x, y)$ with smallest $x=x_1 > 0$ (hence the smallest $y=y_1 > 0$) is called the \emph{fundamental solution} of \eqref{e:Pell}. Correspondingly, $x_1 + y_1\sqrt m$ is called the \emph{fundamental unit} of $\mathbb Z[\sqrt m]$ or by abuse of language, that of the real quadratic field $\mathbb Q(\sqrt m)$.

Finding the fundamental solution of \eqref{e:Pell} is still a very challenging problem, with no apparent pattern to it (cf. \cite{var, weil}). The most obvious way of finding it is to put $y = 1, 2, 3,\ldots$ in $1 + my^2$ and stop as soon as it becomes a perfect square. For example, if $m=2$, $x_1 = 3$, $y_1 = 2$ and if $m=3$, $x_1=2$, $y_1=1$. Likewise, if $m=11$, $x_1=10$, $y_1=3$. Already for $m=13$, this method is not very efficient. Table~\ref{tab:mGenerators} shows the erratic behavior of the fundamental solution for certain integers.

\begin{table}[t]\label{tab:mGenerators}
	\begin{tabular}{c|c||c|c||c|c}
		$m$ & $(x,y)$ & $m$ & $(x,y)$ & $m$ & $(x,y)$\\
		\hline
		2 & (3,2) & 10 & (19,6) & 46 & (24335,3588)\\
		3 & (2,1) & 11 & (10,3) & 47 & (48,7)\\
		5 & (9,4) & 12 & (7,2) & 94 & (2143295,221064)\\
		6 & (5,2) & 13 & (649,180) & 95 & (39,4)\\
		7 & (8,3) & 30 & (11,2) &&\\
		8 & (3,1) & 31 & (1520, 273) &&
\end{tabular}
	\caption{Fundamental solution to the Pell equation for small $m$}
\end{table}

Brahmagupta (598--670 AD), the first to solve the quadratic equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$ the way we do it today, Jayadeva (9th century AD), and Bhaskara II (1114--1185 AD) were the first to study the Pell equation systematically. They showed that (for $m > 1$) infinitely many solutions can be obtained from a given nontrivial solution by using the so-called Brahmagupta identity (the product of two numbers of the form $a^2 + mb^2$ is itself a number of this form). The Fibonacci identity (the set of the sums of two squares is closed under multiplication), which already occurs in Diophantus' \textit{Arithmetica}, is a special case of the Brahmagupta identity.

This school of Indian mathematicians devised a method (cf.~\cite[pp.~25--38]{var}) they called chakravala (or circular), which they used to solve \eqref{e:Pell} for many values of $m$. For example, for $m=61$ they found the smallest solution $x = 1766319049$, $y = 226153980$. The efficiency and the simplicity of this method impressed even Andr\'e Weil, one of the greatest number theorists of the 20th century, who wrote (cf.~\cite[p.~24]{weil}), ``to have developed \textit{chakravala} and to have it applied successfully to such difficult numerical cases as $N=61$ or $N=67$ had been no mean achievement.'' (His $N$ is our $m$.)

The Indians assumed that a nontrivial solution always exists. Lagrange was the first to prove the existence of a nontrivial solution for all $m > 1$. We now have several proofs of this fact based on different disciplines of number theory. The most common (cf.~\cite[pp.~336--356]{nzm}) given in first courses in number theory uses the techniques from diophantine approximations and continued fractions (cf. \cite{nagell}).

Although by Lagrange's theorem we know that sooner or later $1+my^2$ becomes a perfect square, the random size of $x_1$, $y_1$ makes it very difficult to predict how far we must go for arbitrarily given $m$. For example, if $m=63$, $x_1 =8$, $y_1 = 1$, whereas, for $m=61$, in the smallest solution $(x_1, y_1)$ above, $y_1$ runs into nine (decimal) digits. Although there are better methods available---such as the method of continued fractions---there is still no last word on solving the Pell equation, or equivalently, on finding the fundamental unit of a real quadratic field (cf.~\cite{len}, \cite{will}).

It is easy to check that the set $G$ of integer solutions of \eqref{e:Pell} with $x>0$ forms an abelian group under the binary operation
\begin{equation}\label{e:grouplaw}
(x, y) \ast (x', y') = (xx' + myy', xy' + x'y)
\end{equation}
with $(1, 0)$ as its identity and $(x, -y)$ the inverse of $(x,y)$. The group law \eqref{e:grouplaw} is suggested by multiplying $(x + y\sqrt m)(x'+y'\sqrt m) = X + Y\sqrt m$ and comparing the rational (respectively irrational) parts in this equation. By the Dirichlet theorem, $G$ is a cyclic group generated by the fundamental solution $g = (x_1, y_1)$.

If $(x_n, y_n) = g^n = \underbrace{g \ast \cdots \ast g}_{n\, {\rm times}}$, it is easy to see that the integers $y_1 < y_2 < y_3 < \cdots$ increase quadratically and soon $y_n$ is so large that $1/y_n^2$ is almost zero. Thus $(x_n/y_n)^2$ is almost equal to $m$, giving a very good rational approximation to $\sqrt m$.

\begin{exa*}
If $m=2$, $g = (x_1, y_1) = (3, 2)$ and it takes less than a minute to compute by hand and see that $(x_5, y_5) = (3363,2378)$. It is amazing that the approximation $x_5/y_5 = 3363/2378$ to $\sqrt 2$ is the same as given by a handheld calculator.
\end{exa*}

\subsection{Triangular numbers}
As an application of the above discussion of the Pell equation, we recall from \cite{chadsouz} the following generalization of Euler's work regarding which triangular numbers are three times some other triangular numbers.

 \begin{thm}\label{thm1}
For a non-square integer $m>1$, the equation
 \begin{equation}\label{e:triangle}
\Delta' = m\Delta
 \end{equation}
is satisfied by infinitely many triangular numbers $\Delta$, $\Delta'$.
 \end{thm}

 \begin{proof}
We first remark that if the \emph{norm form equation}
 \begin{equation}\label{e:normalform}
(x + y\sqrt m) (x - y\sqrt m) = d
 \end{equation}
has a solution $(x, y)$, infinitely many solutions are obtained by multiplying $\alpha = x + y\sqrt m$ with the units of the form $x' + y'\sqrt m$ in $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{m}]$. Equation \eqref{e:normalform} is called a norm form equation because the quadratic form $x^2 - my^2$ is the norm $N(\alpha) = \alpha\bar\alpha$ of $\alpha = x + y\sqrt m$ in $\mathbb Z[\sqrt m]$, $\bar\alpha = x - y\sqrt m$ being the \emph{conjugate} of $\alpha$.

Since the triangular numbers are the numbers $\Delta = \frac{r(r+1)}2, r=1, 2, 3, \ldots$, the equation \eqref{e:triangle} is the same as
 \[s(s+1) = mr(r+1)\]
which again on completing squares is the same as
 \begin{equation*
(2s+1)^2 - m(2r+1)^2 = 1-m.
 \end{equation*}
So we have to find infinitely many solutions of
 \begin{equation}\label{e:Pell1-m}
X^2 - mY^2 = 1-m
 \end{equation}
with $X$, $Y > 0$ both odd. One such solution, namely $(1, 1)$, is obvious; this, however, does not give us a solution to \eqref{e:triangle}. But we can use this solution to find others.

If $(x_n, y_n)$ is a solution of the Pell equation \eqref{e:Pell}, then it can be checked that $x_n$, $y_n$ are of opposite parity (i.e.~one odd the other even). Moreover, in case $m$ is even, it is $x_n$ that is odd. Therefore, $(X_n, Y_n) = (x_n, y_n) \ast (1, 1) = (x_n + my_n, x_n + y_n)$ is a solution of \eqref{e:Pell1-m} with both $X_n$, $Y_n$ odd. Thus solutions of \eqref{e:triangle} can be obtained from $(X_n, Y_n)$ with $n > 0$.
 \end{proof}

\begin{rem*}There is another solution to \eqref{e:Pell1-m} that will yield solutions to \eqref{e:triangle} different from those mentioned in the proof, namely $(-1,1)$ as we will see later. In fact for certain $m$ (depending on the class number of $m$), one can show that these are the only solutions to \eqref{e:triangle}.
\end{rem*}

Suppose $a > b \ge 1$ are square-free integers which are mutually coprime. A slight modification of the above argument  with $m=ab$ in the Pell equation \eqref{e:Pell} yields the following stronger result.  We omit its proof.
 \begin{thm}\label{thm2}
The equation
 \begin{equation*
a\Delta = b\Delta'
 \end{equation*}
has infinitely many solutions in triangular numbers $\Delta$, $\Delta'$.
 \end{thm}

\subsection{Generalization to $\ell$-gonal numbers}
Equation \eqref{e:triangle} becomes more interesting if $\Delta$, $\Delta'$ in it are replaced by higher polygonal numbers resulting in the equation
 \begin{equation}\label{e:polygnos}
P(\ell, r) = mP(\ell, s)
 \end{equation}
with $\ell \ge 5$. In this more general setting, the existence of solutions of \eqref{e:polygnos} depends on the existence of solutions of the Pell equation \eqref{e:Pell} satisfying certain congruence equations, which may or may not happen. In fact, whether the conditions are satisfied or not seems to happen randomly (cf. \cite{chaprid, prid}). Before we describe these conditions, we need the following preparatory lemma.

\begin{lem}\label{lem:my-x}
If $(x,y)$ is a solution to \eqref{e:Pell} with $x>0$ and $y>0$, then $x>y$ and $my>x$.
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
Since $x^2=1+my^2$ and $m\geq 2$ it is clear that $x>y$. Furthermore, $m^2y^2+1>my^2+1=x^2$. Hence $m^2y^2> x^2$.
\end{proof}

For every solution $(x,y)$ to \eqref{e:Pell}  with $x>0$ and $y>0$, we also have solutions $(\pm x,\pm y)$ in any combination of positive and negative. If we compose these solutions with $(1,1)$ we obtain
\[
(1,1)\ast (\pm x,\pm y)=(\pm x \pm my, \pm x\pm y).
\]
From the lemma, we see that only $(x+my,x+y)$ has both entries positive. We can do something similar with $(-1,1)$ and we see that of the four possibilities only
\[
(-1,1)\ast ( x, y)=(-x+ my, x - y)
\]
has both entries positive. We could do something similar with $(-1,-1)$ and $(1,-1)$, but these are simply the negatives of what we have already done.

\begin{thm}\label{t:polygnrs}
Given $m > 1$ not a perfect square and $\ell \ge 5$ there exists a solution to \eqref{e:polygnos} if there exists a solution to \eqref{e:Pell} with
\begin{equation}\label{e:xy-1}
 \left.\begin{array}{l}
x+my \equiv -1 \pmod q\\[1mm]
x+y \equiv -1\pmod q
 \end{array}\right\}
\end{equation}
or
\begin{equation}\label{e:x-y-1}
\left.\begin{array}{l}
my-x \equiv -1 \pmod q\\[1mm]
x-y \equiv -1\pmod q
\end{array}\right\}.
\end{equation}
Here $q = 2\ell - 4$, $\ell - 2$, and $\ell/2 - 1$ according as $\ell\equiv 1, 3 \pmod 4$, $2\pmod 4$, and $0\pmod 4$, resp. Moreover, if one solution exists, then there are infinitely many.
 \end{thm}

\begin{proof}
We consider only the case $\ell\equiv 1, 3\pmod 4$. The other two cases are dealt with similarly. Writing exactly what the two sides of \eqref{e:polygnos} stand for and completing squares, we obtain the generalized Pell equation
 \begin{equation}\label{e:Pell1-ml2}
X^2 - mY^2 = (1-m)(\ell - 4)^2
 \end{equation}
with
 \begin{align*}
X &= (2\ell - 4)\, r - (\ell - 4)\\
\intertext{and}
Y &= (2\ell - 4)\, s - (\ell - 4).
 \end{align*}
Clearly \eqref{e:polygnos} has a solution if and only if the generalized Pell equation \eqref{e:Pell1-ml2} has a solution with $X$, $Y \equiv -(\ell - 4)\mod{(2\ell - 4)}$ and $X,Y>0$.

One obvious solution to \eqref{e:Pell1-ml2} is $(X, Y) = (\ell - 4, \ell-4)$. We may obtain further solutions by composing this solution with the solutions $(x,y)$ of the Pell equation \eqref{e:Pell}:
\begin{align*}
X &= (\ell - 4)(x + my)\\
\intertext{and}
Y &= (\ell - 4)(x+y).
 \end{align*}
Since $\ell \equiv 1, 3\pmod 4$, $\ell - 4$ and $2\ell - 4$ are coprime, so $\ell - 4$ is a unit $\pmod{2\ell - 4}$. Hence the requirement $X, Y \equiv -(\ell - 4)\pmod{2\ell -4}$ for the solutions of \eqref{e:Pell1-ml2} leads to the conditions
 \begin{align*}
x + my &\equiv -1 \pmod{2\ell - 4}\\
\intertext{and}
x + y &\equiv -1 \pmod{2\ell - 4
 \end{align*}
for a solution $(x,y)$ to \eqref{e:Pell}.

Based on the discussion above, we consider $(-(\ell-4),\ell-4)$ also a solution to \eqref{e:Pell1-ml2}. Composing with $(x,y)$ we obtain
\begin{align*}
X &= (\ell - 4)(-x + my)\\
\intertext{and}
Y &= (\ell - 4)(x-y).
\end{align*}
By Lemma~\ref{lem:my-x}, $X,Y>0$. This leads to conditions \eqref{e:x-y-1}.

As soon as we have one solution $(X_0, Y_0)$ to \eqref{e:Pell1-ml2} satisfying one of the stated congruence relations, we can find infinitely many solutions. In fact, the cyclic group of solutions to \eqref{e:Pell} modulo $q$ becomes a finite cyclic group with identity the class of solutions to \eqref{e:Pell} with $x\equiv 1\pmod q$ and $y\equiv 0\pmod q$ (cf. \cite{chaprid}). There are infinitely many such solutions. Let $(x_s,y_s)$ be such a solution with $x_s,y_s>0$. Then $(X_0,Y_0)*(x_s,y_s)$ is a solution to \eqref{e:Pell1-ml2} satisfying the required congruence relations. Each of these yields a solution to \eqref{e:polygnos}.
\end{proof}

\begin{rems*}
\item
1. One can see from its proof, that the converse of Theorem~\ref{t:polygnrs} is also true if, for a given $m>1$, any two solutions to \eqref{t:polygnrs} are related by a unit (and therefore a solution to \eqref{e:Pell}). This is related to the class number problem. In this case, we can recover all polygonal numbers which satisfy \eqref{e:polygnos}. This is the case, for example, with $\ell=5$, $m=2$ as we will see in Example~\ref{ex:example}.

\vspace*{.25cm}
\noindent 2. We can reformulate \eqref{e:xy-1} in the following way.
 \begin{align*}
(m-1)x &\equiv -(m-1) \pmod{q}\\
\intertext{and}
(m-1)y &\equiv 0 \pmod{q}
 \end{align*}
Let $d=\gcd(m-1,q)$. If $d$ is odd, we see there is only one solution to \eqref{e:xy-1}, namely $x\equiv -1 \pmod q, y\equiv 0\pmod q$. If $d$ is even, one can check, there is an additional possible solution (modulo $q$) satisfying \eqref{e:Pell}, which is $x\equiv \tfrac{q}{2}-1\pmod q$ and $y\equiv \tfrac{q}{2}\pmod q$. Only one of these is possible, and these are the only possibilities satisfying \eqref{e:xy-1}.

\vspace*{.25cm}
\noindent 3. In \cite{chaprid, prid} the authors investigated $G_{m,q}$, the group modulo $q$ of solutions to \eqref{e:Pell}. It is a finite cyclic group and its order is denoted $g_m(q)$. Solutions to \eqref{e:xy-1} are closely related to the order of this group. Indeed from the previous remark, we see that solutions to \eqref{e:xy-1} correspond with elements of $G_{m,q}$ of order 2. Thus for example, we have no solutions to \eqref{e:xy-1} if $g_m(q)$ is odd.
\end{rems*}

We now give some examples to show that the Equations~\eqref{e:xy-1} and \eqref{e:x-y-1} are often satisfied but not always. We emphasize we differentiate between solutions to \eqref{e:xy-1} or \eqref{e:x-y-1} from the theorem and solutions to the original problem in \eqref{e:polygnos}. When no solution to \eqref{e:xy-1} or \eqref{e:x-y-1} exists, it does not imply the same about the original problem. Verifying there are no solutions to \eqref{e:polygnos} can be much more involved.

In the following examples, we focus mostly on solutions to \eqref{e:xy-1} and \eqref{e:x-y-1}, but in Example~\ref{eg:nonexample}, we see in fact that there are no solutions to the original problem \eqref{e:polygnos}. Also in Example~\ref{ex:example} we show that for certain choices of $\ell$ and $m$, Theorem~\ref{t:polygnrs} yields all solutions to \eqref{e:polygnos}.

\begin{exa}\label{ex:example}
Consider $\ell=5$ (so $q=6$). These correspond to pentagonal numbers.
For $m=2$, the fundamental solution to \eqref{e:Pell} is $(3,2)$. This does not satisfy \eqref{e:xy-1} or \eqref{e:x-y-1}. However if we look at powers of this fundamental solution, we see that the next solution is $(17,12)$, which satisfies \eqref{e:xy-1} and the third solution is $(99,70)$, which satisfies \eqref{e:x-y-1}. Hence there are infinitely many pentagonal numbers which are two times another pentagonal number. In fact, if we consider the ring $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{2}]$, then the pentagonal numbers which are twice another pentagonal number correspond to solutions to
\[
x^2-2y^2=-1,
\]
which in turn are units in $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{2}]$. The units in $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{2}]$ are powers of $(1+\sqrt{2})$---which in the notation of the Pell equation we would write as $(1,1)$ as in the proof of the theorem---negatives, and conjugates of such powers. Hence, we have actually found all solutions to \eqref{e:polygnos} with $\ell=5$ and $m=2$.

With $\ell=5$, we can do similar computations for $m=3,4,5,6,7$ finding infinitely many solutions to \eqref{e:polygnos} via the conditions in \eqref{e:xy-1}. With $m=12$, there is no solution to \eqref{e:xy-1}; however, the fundamental solution $(7,2)$ satisfies $\eqref{e:x-y-1}$, and so we obtain infinitely many solutions in this case as well.

For $m=10,11,13$, one can easily check that there are no solutions to \eqref{e:xy-1} or \eqref{e:x-y-1} as set out in the theorem. Indeed, in the notation introduced in the Remark above, $g_{10}(5)=1$ and $g_{13}(5)=1$. That means that every solution to \eqref{e:Pell} is congruent to $(1,0)\mod q$. Furthermore, $g_{11}(5)=2$, so we only need to check the conditions on the fundamental solution. Again, this does not necessarily mean there are no solutions to \eqref{e:polygnos}, although we conjecture that there are not.

\end{exa}

\begin{exa}\label{eg:nonexample}
Consider $\ell=6$ (hence $q=4$). With $m=2$. This Pell equation has fundamental solution $(3,2)$, and as we have seen the next solution is $(17,12)$. Neither of these solutions satisfies either \eqref{e:xy-1} or \eqref{e:x-y-1}. Since $(17,12)$ is congruent to $(1,0)\pmod q$, (i.e. $g_2(4)=2$) these are the only solutions we must consider.  In fact we will now demonstrate that there are no hexagonal numbers which are twice another hexagonal number.

In this case, we look for solutions to
\[
X^2-mY^2=(1-m)(\tfrac{\ell-4}{2})^2
\]
with $X,Y\equiv -\tfrac{\ell-4}{2}\pmod q$, which becomes
\[
X^2-2Y^2=-1.
\]
Any solution to this equation corresponds to a unit in $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{2}]$ with norm $-1$---that is to say a unit with norm 1 multiplied by either $(1+\sqrt{2})$ or $(-1+\sqrt{2})$. But these are exactly the solutions to \eqref{e:Pell} multiplied by either $(1,1)$ or $(-1,1)$ as we have seen. Hence there are no solutions.

With $\ell=6$ we can find solutions to \eqref{e:xy-1} or \eqref{e:x-y-1} with $m=3,6,7,8,11$, but not for $m=2,5,10,12,13$. Again, we conjecture that there are no solutions for these last choices of $m$.
\end{exa}

\begin{exa}
Finally, consider $\ell=8$ (hence $q=3$). In this case we have solutions to \eqref{e:xy-1} or \eqref{e:x-y-1} when $m=2,3,5,6,7,8,12$, but not when $m=10,11,13$. (Again, this does not necessarily mean there are no solutions to \eqref{e:polygnos} for these choices of $m$.)
\end{exa}

 \section{Elliptic Curves and Polygonal Numbers}

In what follows, by an elliptic curve we mean a diophantine equation
\begin{equation}\label{eq11}
dy^2 = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c
\end{equation}
with $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ in $\mathbb Z$, $d \ge 1$ and the right-hand side of \eqref{eq11} having no repeated root. The rational solutions of \eqref{eq11}, more precisely the set $E(\mathbb Q)$ of rational points on the elliptic curve $E$ defined by \eqref{eq11} together with the point $O$ at infinity is, by the Mordell-Weil theorem (cf.~\cite[p.~125]{jsc}), a finitely generated abelian group with $O$ as its identity, under the group law given by $P + Q + R = O$ if the points $P$, $Q$, $R$ on \eqref{eq11} are collinear. Thus the torsion subgroup (i.e.~the subgroup of points of finite order) of $E(\mathbb Q)$ is finite. By the Lutz-Nagell theorem (cf.~\cite[p.~136]{jsc}), a torsion point can have only integer coordinates. However, a point with integer coordinates need not be a torsion point. \textit{A priori} it is possible for \eqref{eq11} to have infinitely many integer solutions. But the next theorem (a special case of Siegel's theorem) from the theory of diophantine equations (cf.~\cite[p.~255]{mor}) states that this is not possible.

 \begin{thm}\label{thm3}
The elliptic curve \eqref{eq11} has only finitely many points on it with integer coordinates.
 \end{thm}
However, \eqref{eq11} may or may not have infinitely many rational solutions. In fact, both the cases are believed to occur with equal probability (cf. \cite{silverberg}).

We now prove the following fact about polygonal numbers.

 \begin{thm}\label{thm4}
Given $\ell \ge 3$ and $m > n > 1$ ($m$ or $n$ square-free in case $\ell=4$), there are only finitely many triplets $r$, $s$ and $t$ such that
 \begin{equation}\label{e:polygdouble}
P(\ell, r) = m P(\ell, s) = n P(\ell, t).
 \end{equation}
 \end{thm}

 \begin{proof}
We assume $\ell \ne 4$ (the trivial case). The relation \eqref{e:polygdouble} is the same as the diophantine equations
 \begin{align*}
(\ell - 2)r^2 - (\ell - 4)r &= m((\ell - 2)s^2 - (\ell - 4)s)\\
&= n((\ell - 2)t^2 - (\ell - 4)t).
 \end{align*}
Setting $a=2(\ell-2)$ and $b=(\ell-4)$ and completing squares,  these equations become
\begin{equation}\label{e:fibonacci}
 \left.\begin{array}{l}
(ar-b)^2 - m(as-b)^2 = -(m-1)b^2\\[1mm]
(ar-b)^2 - n(at-b)^2 = -(n-1)b^2.
 \end{array}\right\}
 \end{equation}

Let
 \begin{equation*
u = ar-b, \quad v = as-b, \quad w = at-b,
 \end{equation*}
and
 \begin{equation}\label{e:sub1}
X = m^2nv^2.
 \end{equation}
Then (\ref{e:fibonacci}) implies
 \begin{equation}\label{e:sub2,3}
X - A = mnu^2, \quad  X- B = mn^2w^2
 \end{equation}
where $A = mn(m-1)b^2$  and $ B = mn(m-n)b^2.$

Now set $Y=m^2n^2uvw$. Multiplying \eqref{e:sub1} with both equations in \eqref{e:sub2,3}, we find
 \begin{equation}\label{e:elliptic}
Y^2 = X(X-A)(X-B).
 \end{equation}
 By our assumption on $m$, $n$ and $\ell$, \eqref{e:elliptic} is an elliptic curve with integer coefficients. So by \ref{thm3}, it has only finitely many points with integer coordinates. Consequently, \eqref{e:polygdouble} has only finitely many possibilities.
\end{proof}

\begin{exa}
Consider $\ell=5$, $m=6$ and $n=3$. We have seen that there are infinitely many solutions to each of $P(r,5)=6P(s,5)$ and $P(r,5)=3P(t,5)$. However, following the proof of Theorem~\ref{thm4}, finding simultaneous solutions to both can be reduced to finding integer pionts on the elliptic curve
\[
Y^2=X(X-90)(X-54).
\]

This curve has several integer points, however in order to correspond to an integer solution to \eqref{e:polygdouble}, we must have $m^2n=108$ divide $X$, and $m^2n^2=324$ divide $Y$. Only three such points exist: $(0,0)$, $(108, 324),$ and $(90828, 27351756)$. The first point gives  $v^2=0$, which does not yield an integer value for $s$. The second point gives $v^2=u^2=t^2=1$, which yields only the trivial solution $(r,s,t)=(0,0,0).$ The third point gives $v=\pm 29,u=\pm 71,$ and $w=\pm41$, which yields only the solution $(r,s,t)=(12,5,7)$. Hence the only simultaneous solution in pentagonal numbers to $P=6P'=3P''$ is $P=P(5,12)=210$,   $P'=P(5,5)=35$, and  $P''=P(5,7)=70.$

Table \ref{table:simultaneousSols} gives several other examples. In each case listed, the solution is unique for the given $\ell$, $m$ and $n$.
\end{exa}

\begin{table}
	\begin{tabular}{l|c|c|c|c}
		$\ell$-gonal numbers  & $P$ & $P'$ & $P''$ &$P=mP'=nP''$\\\hline
		$\ell=3$, triangular &  6&1&3&$P=6P'=2P''$\\
		\hline
		& 630 & 105 & 210  &$P=6P'=3P''$\\
		\hline
		& 105 & 15& 21  &$P=7P'=5P''$\\
		\hline
		$\ell=5$, pentagonal  & 210& 35 & 70&$P=6P'=3P''$\\\hline
		$\ell=6$, hexagonal  & 120 & 6 & 15&$P=20P'=8P''$\\\hline
		$\ell=7$, heptagonal & 12852 &1071& 6426  &$P=12P'=2P''$\\\hline
	\end{tabular}
\caption{Solutions to $P=mP'$ and $P=nP''$}
\label{table:simultaneousSols}
\end{table}

\begin{rem*}Relations \eqref{e:fibonacci} are a variation of equations considered by Fibonnacci in his book on squares \cite{fib}. The reader with some knowledge of algebraic geometry may also see conceptually that such a pair of equations always defines an elliptic curve. The simultaneous equations
 \begin{equation}\label{e:fib2}
\left.\begin{matrix}
x^2 + ny^2 = z^2\\
x^2 - ny^2 = t^2\end{matrix}\right\}
 \end{equation}
considered by Fibonnacci are related to the congruent number problem (cf. \cite{jsc}). The pair of equations \eqref{e:fib2} defines an elliptic curve with its Weierstrass equation
$y^2 = x^3 - n^2x.$
\end{rem*}
\section*{acknowledgment}
The second author was supported by NSF grant DMS-1502390

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


In 2015, more than 770,000 metric tons of Greek yogurt were produced in the United States, representing nearly 40 percent of the domestic yogurt market. But did you know that for every ton of Greek Yogurt manufacturers produce, they also generate two or three tons of waste in the form of acid whey. A recent issue of Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) looked at the interesting scientists are making use of this product that was previously considered waste.
Acid whey is the liquid by-product left over after yogurt has been strained or centrifuged to produce thick and creamy Greek yogurt. For years, companies paid farmers to spread the acid whey on land as fertilizer or to feed it to livestock. While it might seem good for farmers, if too much of the whey is spread on land, the mixture will run off into nearby waterways, leading to algal blooms, low levels of dissolved oxygen, and fish kills.
As demand for Greek yogurt ballooned, its makers started working with scientists to develop alternative uses for the whey. As a result, there are now more than 3,500 patents related to the use of yogurt acid whey, about 75 percent of which were published within the past five years. Many of them focus on methods for extracting valuable ingredients, such as proteins and lactose.
Yogurt makers are also investing in anaerobic digesters that rely on bacteria to break down the whey into methane for electricity, and scientists have found methods to turn yogurt acid whey into animal feed and industrial-grade ethanol. One food company has developed a product that can be used to incorporate acid whey back into dairy products, such as cream cheese, dips, and even yogurt.
Read more about the topc: Acid whey: Is the waste product an untapped goldmine? Erickson, B. E. Chemical & Engineering News. February 6, 2017, pp 26–30.


The Elena Kagan nomination is not turning out the way the Obama administration hoped.
Instead of showcasing an eminently qualified Supreme Court nominee who would be the third woman on the Court (which is the White House's line), this confirmation is highlighting Kagan's extremist views and her utter lack of hands-on legal experience.
If confirmed, she would be the first justice in 38 years who had not previously served as a judge at any level. But her lack of practical legal experience goes beyond that. She has never practiced law beyond two brief years as an associate in a major law firm, where she argued no cases and never appeared before a jury.
Last year she received the most "no" votes of any nominee for solicitor general in U.S. history.
Just nine months ago, when she presented her first case as U.S. solicitor general, Kagan argued in the Citizens United case that the federal government should be allowed to ban books, pamphlets, and even hand-held signs if they were published or distributed with corporate funds in proximity to a federal election.
This Orwellian attempt by Kagan's office to gut the First Amendment rightly stunned the justices and led to the Court overturning the McCain-Feingold prohibition on express advocacy by corporations. To say that Kagan's legal record is thin and out of the mainstream is being kind.
I frankly had begun to wonder if Republicans could drive a coherent message against this nomination. But Sessions (who has an outstanding legal background of his own), Kyl, McConnell, Hatch, et al, are doing a solid job of making Kagan's extreme political views the focus of the confirmation.
As a Clinton White House aide, Kagan argued partial-birth abortion was a constitutionally protected procedure. She recommended pushing campaign finance reform which, in her words, would favor Democrats over Republicans. Her defiance of settled federal law in banning military recruiters from the campus of Harvard Law School during a time of war reveals the temperament of an ideologue and a political partisan, not the temperament of a judge.
In my forthcoming novel The Confirmation, I write about the fact that when it comes to judicial nominations, "advise and consent" has become "search and destroy," but only for conservative nominees. Justices nominated by Democratic presidents have generally had easy sledding. Those days are over. As we are already seeing, Kagan will be asked very tough questions. Her nomination will not go unchallenged, and will likely garner a large number of "no" votes.
Given the math in the Senate, it will be difficult to stop Kagan's nomination. But Republicans should do their best to make the case against this nomination. They may even defy conventional wisdom and succeed. Supreme Court confirmations are funny things and often go in directions the administration did not plan, as Obama can already testify.


text:
NPS Hosts Real Time Photography Tour
Apr 10, 2016 | Events
Published on: April 10, 2016 | Events
By Mike Westermeier, Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park historian. File photo of John Hennessy copyright Fredericksburg Today.
The National Park Service has announced a special anniversary tour not pegged to a battle, but to an effort to photograph Spotsylvania Court House Battlefield just a year after the end of the war.
Join photo-historian John Cummings and Chief Historian John Hennessy as they visit the sites of several famous images taken on April 13, 1866, precisely 150 years after those images were taken.
During the second week April of 1866, United States Army Surgeon Reed Brockway Bontecou traveled to the former battlefields around Fredericksburg. Bontecou collected medical specimens (some still survive), but most importantly brought along a photographic team from the Surgeon General's Office in Washington, D.C. Moving over the area battlefields, the group created a series of 121 stereo images on glass negatives showing a landscape ravaged by war. The views include famous images taken on the morning of April 13, 1866, at the Bloody Angle, the McCoull farm, and of Laurel Hill at Spotsylvania.
On Wednesday morning, April 13, 2016, we will follow the footsteps of Bontecou and his photographer as the sun moves across the sky and the shadows shift with the passage of time. Learn about these powerful images that today give us the most vivid look at Spotsylvania's wartime appearance. Mr. Cummings has done years of research and field work on these images.
Meet at the Bloody Angle Stop parking lot, Tour Stop 3 on the Spotsylvania Court House Battlefield. The program will start promptly at 9:30 a.m. The tour will include almost 2.5 miles of walking across mostly gentle terrain, along established trails. Bring water and snacks. The tour will conclude about noon.
Fit-History Hikes Offered at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania Battlefields
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park Spring Hours and Tours


When you request a standard banner page in Robot Reports, it creates its own spool file. If you prefer to have the banner page become part of the output spool file, you can create an alternate banner page. This alternative has specific rules and limitations.
The Laser Command in Robot Reports produces an additional page at the beginning of the spool file. Currently, you can type in any text on the Laser Commands panel and create your own banner page. By associating this laser command with the distribution record on the Report Distribution Overrides panel, it becomes part of the output spool file.
We have modified the Laser Command so you can enter two characters that Robot Reports can recognize and interpret: R for recipient name and S for segment name. If you enter these characters using the rules specified below, Robot Reports replaces the Rs with the name of the recipient and replaces the Ss with the name of the segment when it prints, producing an alternate banner page.
The characters R and S must begin in the eighth position of the LASER command line (see the example below).
There must be eight Rs or Ss entered.
The Rs or Ss must be on a line all by themselves—Rs only or Ss only—with no other text (except that a few asterisks as shown in the example below may be used).
The Laser Command must be attached to the distribution record.
Be very careful not to enter any characters in the Laser Command that your printer will interpret as an instruction. Check your printer documentation.
If you bundle your reports, Robot Reports automatically creates a Packet Banner Page. The Laser Command you have set up with these instructions is automatically attached to the Packet Banner Page. However, when the Packet Banner Page is created, the processing program does not know which Report Segment it is for. Therefore, the segment variable will not be replaced. Only the recipient variable will be replaced.


Home » Will Aid success!
Inghams is passionate about helping charities raise much-needed funds to help those in need, which is why we are involved in the annual Will Aid funding drive. Inghams is proud to have raised £7,775 for the Will Aid charities so far and hopes to raise much more in the future.
Since being founded in 1988, Will Aid has enabled legal firms to raise over £15 million for these charities. At the same time, the campaign has encouraged and helped thousands of people to write their Will.
Will Aid for 2015 will be in November and we are once again delighted to be taking part. If you want to make a basic Will and in the process help out the Will Aid charities with much needed funds, be sure to give us a call.


Jordin Sparks filled in for Ryan Seacrest with On The Air Ryan Seacrest at the Teen Choice Awards, interviewing celebrities live from the scene. The two sang A Whole New World together. Check out the video below!
CHECK OUT MORE UPDATES ON POPSUGAR TOO.


text:
Jodok Troy
University of Innsbruck
Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020
http://www.jodok-troy.at
http://tec.fsi.stanford.edu/people/jodok-troy
Fax: +43(0)512.507.2849
" My research interests are in international political theory, political theory, and international peace and security. I am writing on the international political theory of Realism and the English School as well as issues of religion, diplomacy, and agency in international politics. Asking what practical philosophy can contribute to understanding international politics, my research interrogates the philosophical and anthropological roots of political and international political theory and violence, the agency of individuals and international organizations and institutions. My interdisciplinary work also focuses on topics of foreign policy, international cooperation, international organizations, and international order. "
The Catholic Church and International Relations
Oxford Handbooks Online, April 2016
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 07 Jul 2015 Last Revised: 18 Sep 2017
Catholic Church, International Relations, Foreign Policy, Diplomacy, Realism, English School
The Power of the Zealots: Religion, Violence, and International Relations
"The Power of the Zealots: Religion, Violence, and International Relations" In Journal of Religion and Violence 1, No. 2 (2013), 214-231.
The Papal Human Rights Discourse: The Difference Pope Francis Makes
Human Rights Quarterly, 2019
Pope, Francis, Church, human rights, International Relations
Desire for Power or the Power of Desire? Mimetic Theory and the Heart of 20th Century Realism
Journal of International Political Theory, vol. 11, no. 1, 2015
Anthropology, Hans Morgenthau, mimetic theory, Realism, René Girard
International Society's Challenge of Targeted Killing by Drones
Forthcoming, International Politics
Number of pages: 29 Posted: 31 May 2017 Last Revised: 29 Sep 2017
Drones, English School, International Society, Realism, Targeted Killing
The Transformation of Targeted Killing and International Order
Contemporary Security Policy, 38:2 (2017), 175-211
Martin Senn and Jodok Troy
Independent and University of Innsbruck
Targeted killing; assassination; drones; international order; international law; ethics; legitimacy
Faith-Based Diplomacy Under Examination
The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 3 (2008) 209-231
Faith-based diplomacy, religious resurgence, moral insights, ethical principles, realism, idealism, reconciliation, forgiveness, conflict resolution, peace-building, track-one and track-two diplomacy, spirituality
'The Pope's Own Hand Outstretched': Holy See Diplomacy as a Hybrid Mode of Diplomatic Agency
British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Vol. 20, no. 3 (2018), 521-539
Holy See, Diplomacy, Pope, International Relations
Religion, the Public, and International Order
International Studies Review vol. 16, no. 2 (2014), 298-302.
Religion, International Relations, Public
Dag Hammarskjöld: An International Civil Servant Uniting Mystics and Realistic Diplomatic Engagement
Diplomacy & Statecraft 21, no. 3 (2010), 434-450
Dag Hammarskjöld, English School, ethics, mimesis, mystics, religion, Secretary-General, United Nations, world society
A Universal Sacred Mission and the Universal Secular Organization: The Holy See and the United Nations
[& Alan Chong] Politics, Religion & Ideology 12, no. 3 (2011), 335-354.
Alan Chong and Jodok Troy
Nanyang Technological University (NTU) - S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) and University of Innsbruck
Catholic Church, Holy See, International Relations, Pope, Religion, United Nations, Vatican
Two 'Popes' to Speak for the World: The Pope and the United Nations Secretary General in World Politics
The Review of Faith & International Affairs 15, no. 4 (2017), 67-78.
Number of pages: 13 Posted: 09 Jun 2017 Last Revised: 15 Nov 2017
Pope, United Nations Secretary General, leadership, religion, ethics, United Nations, Catholic Church, Holy See
Friedenssicherung als Weltaufgabe: Die Vereinten Nationen, ihre Aufgabe und Möglichkeiten bei Dag Hammarskjöld und heute (Peacekeeping as Worldtask: The United Nations, Its Tasks and Possibilities at Dag Hammarskjöld and Today)
Dag Hammarskjöld, United Nations, Leadership
The Power of the Political in an Urbanizing International
Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 2018
urbanization, power, international relations, the political, realism
"Catholic Waves" of Democratization? Roman Catholicism and its Potential for Democratization
Democratization 16, no. 6 (December 2009), 1093-1114.
Catholic Church, democratization, encyclicals, religion, Second Vatican Council, social teaching
Rationalist State, Revolutionist EU, and Realist War: Austria in International Society
Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Forthcoming
Dag Hammarskjöld und Hans Morgenthau: Der Macht den Spiegel der Wahrheit vorhalten [Dag Hammarskjöld and Hans Morgenthau: Pointing the Mirror to Power]
Zeitschrift für Politik, 62. Jg. 2/2015
Hans Morgenthau; Dag Hammarskjöld; Realism; mimetic theory; religion; ethics
No Victims Without Sacrifice, No Sacrifice Without Victims: The 'Oklahoma City Bombing' and the Conceptualization of Violence
violence, victim, sacrifice
Die Soft Power Des Heiligen Stuhls: Unsichtbare Legionen Auf Parade Zwischen International Und World Society (The Soft Power of the Holy See: Invisible Legions on Parade between International and World Society)
Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik 3, no. 4 (2010), 489–511
Holy See, Vatican, soft power, international politics, English School, encyclicals, diplomacy, Pope, international law
Mehr Hydra als Janus: Religion Und Gewalt in Politikwissenschaft Und Internationalen Beziehungen (More Hydra than Janus: Religion and Violence in Political Science and International Relations)
Austrian Journal of Political Science, 44 no. 4 (2016),
Interpretation, mimetic theory, religion, theology, violence
The Image of the Soldier in Austria
Number of pages: 8 Posted: 19 Aug 2015
Die Perspektive von Raymond Aron (The Perspective of Raymond Aron)
Eskalation zum Äußersten? Girards Clausewitz interdisziplinär kommentiert. Hrsg. Wilhelm Guggenberger und Wolfgang Palaver (2015)
Raymond Aron; René Girard; Realism; Rationalism


What a super weekend Marvellous Marie has had. Spent a Super Sunday with a fantastic group of Children celebrating a very special little man's birthday. There was balloons, superhero magic and tons of fun had by all.
Hope everyone has tons of fun this bank holiday and try not to eat too much chocolate!!
Check out our awesome paper-free pass-the-parcel, each child gets to choose their prize!! It plays its own music and when the music stops the lid opens and inside is a selection of toys for the little ones to choose their favourite to take home!


text:
Bengaluru Airport Attains Energy-Neutral Status
Earlier an announcement was made by Bengaluru International Airport Limited that Bengaluru's Main Airport, Kempegowda International Airport, has attained and remained Energy-Neutral status since December 2020. This achievement has in part been attributed to the Airport's recently renovated runway (south side) being the first Airfield in India to have a lighting system powered by LEDs.
By definition, Energy-Neutral means that the Airport has been able to offset the carbon footprints that their operations emit into the atmosphere by saving energy via other means. A statement from Bengaluru International Airport Limited said, "As part of its sustainability goals, BIAL has set the target to become Net Energy Neutral by 2020-21. As an outcome of energy conservation, BIAL has been able to save nearly 22,000,000 units of energy in the financial year 2020-21, enough to power nearly 9,000 houses for a month."
Glorious Green Effect | © Kempegowda International Airport
Renewable Resources & Energy Optimization at The Heart Of Success
Amidst Green Initiatives, there has been the implementation of solar lighting and a solar water heating system, the latter in turn ensuring that the Airport's restaurants and bars reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, Bengaluru International Airport Limited has signed agreements with a plethora of wind energy suppliers, resulting in the production of 20 million units of wind energy to go with in excess of 50 million units of solar energy consumption.
The CEO of Bengaluru Airport International Limited indicates that energy efficiency is the bedrock of the Airport's future operations. He said: "As we expand our operations at Bengaluru Airport, we aim to remain the flagbearer of sustainable operations. We have put in place various measures to reduce the carbon footprint and protect our environment. Energy security is an important aspect of our business as it is one of the key indicators to assess our sustainability levels."
What do you think of Bengaluru Airport's great achievement? Let us know in the comments below.
Ranjit Shergill
Aviation Reporter - Based in London, UK, Ranjit has a love for opinions and analysis, and so got into writing as it presented a golden opportunity for him to share his views across a large landscape of readers. Ranjit is addicted to travelling, whether it be the dangerously exciting backroads of Central America or a cycling journey across the River Danube. He loves to embrace cultural hotspots and feels that travelling combines exciting adventures with humbling life experiences. Outside of travel, Ranjit enjoys public speaking, darts and loves a bargain!
Ryanair vs. the soon-to-be Italian national carrier
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CRISIL Global Research & Analytics (GR&A), the world's largest provider of high-end research and analytics services, is hosting a web conference on how banks can plan for the UK's forthcoming exit from the European Union (Brexit).
In June 2016, the UK held a referendum at which a majority voted to leave the European Union. In March 2017, the UK government began the official process to withdraw from the European Union.
The web conference will draw upon examples and industry trends to inform participants of the expected impacts of Brexit. These will focus upon changes required for banks, in order to prepare for Brexit. All Risk and Regulatory professionals - including CROs, COOs, CFOs and regulatory coordination teams - will be able to gain insights from the web conference.


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A Pertinent, Impertinent 'Cabaret' in Olney
By Gary Tischler • September 3, 2019 0 1341
Alexandra Silber as Sally Bowles. Photo by Stan Barouh. Courtesy Olney Theatre Center.
"Cabaret" has been around a long time — seemingly, in one way or another, for some of us, almost all our lives. It's like a turned-out mutt, engaging, insistent, a little raggedy at the edges. But it's a knowing pup. It looks like it just got rescued from the pound and is practically right at home in the world we live in today, no matter where you live.
This is perhaps especially true for the production now at the Olney Theatre Center, running through Oct. 6. It's directed with jazz-matazz, great heart and theatrical empathy by Alan Paul, who's been showing off his gifts with musicals all over the D.C. area, at Signature Theatre, the Shakespeare Theatre Company and Arena Stage.
"Cabaret" keeps coming back at you in different forms. The 1951 straight play "I Am a Camera," with theater legend Julie Harris, was based on stories and a novel by Christopher Isherwood. The Kander and Ebb musical, directed by Harold Prince, opened on Broadway in 1966, recreating the dazzling and corrupt Berlin of the waning days of the Weimar Republic, with the ominous and pervasive rise of the Nazis.
Bob Fosse's Oscar-rich movie version of 1972, starring Liza Minelli and Joel Grey, made the characters and the songs widely known. Since then, the stage musical has been revived, reimagined and re-styled in various ways. Though it's set in the late 1920s and 1930s, the show comes back fresh, always in the here and now, always disturbingly entertaining as music and powerful drama.
In short, this puppy has a pedigree, a rich one, no matter how it's decked out, but it rings most true on the stage (whatever the superb dazzle supplied by Fosse).
Stage productions of "Cabaret" always change, every time out. We saw this production at a matinee at Olney, where the audience tended to be older, but was nonetheless fully engaged and moved. Let's face it, there isn't a sentimental note in the show or this production — no begging for a pat on the head. "Cabaret" bites hard at the heart until it hurts, but there are no cheap tears.
I've seen it in a hardscrabble and long-gone bar in downtown Washington, where brownshirts pounded at the windows outside during intermission; at the Kennedy Center, where the gaudy and insinuating Grey led a swastika chorus line; and at the Warner Theatre with a new emcee in charge, a pin in his nose, a leather vest on his naked chest. In that production, Sally Bowles — not quite broken, cashing in her chips and mink coat — was played by a television star.
This production may be one of the best yet, all the more pertinent and impertinent for bringing Weimar Berlin to Olney's bucolic setting.
For that you can thank Paul and set designer Wilson Chin, who's turned the stage into a combination of a recital and a vaudeville show. This cabaret is a place where the familiar, the dangerous and the lewd fight for attention, with the ringmaster-emcee leading the charge, diving into the chorus line of girls and boys — one is never sure — to create an atmosphere of unsettlement, uncertainty and honest longing, impeded at every turn.
Along with the emcee, the leader of the pack, here you find Sally Bowles, fast-talking, sexy in an offhand way. Here's Clifford Bradshaw, a would-be novelist, shy and unsure about himself and his sexuality, who takes up with Sally. Here are Ernst Ludwig, a party wheeler-dealer, and Fräulein Schneider, who runs the boarding house nearby with resignation and a survivor's acumen; Herr Schultz, a Jewish shop owner, courts her with delicate offerings of fresh fruit and food.
Herr Schultz and Fräulein Schneider — whose intentions to marry strip the Kit Kat Klub denizens of their disguises of being mere revelers at the bonfire of Berlin's sensual underworld — are absent from Fosse's version. In the play, surrounded by frenetic and often violent goings-on, they ground the action in recognizable dreams and the desire for stability, manners and acts of kindness, also giving it a fitful danger because you fear for them.
It's a great cast — and we have to give Mason Alexander Park a lot of the credit. Only 24 years old, Park takes command of this show as the emcee. He's shrill, he's pushy, pouty, gleefully in the moment, but he adds something that you don't often see in this part: a sense of sadness at the destructive passing parade he's in.
Park has some of the best songs: the tart "Wilkommen" with which he opens the show, all in purple, slinky velvet and high heels; the comic ménage-à-trois frolic "Two Ladies"; the sinister "If You Could See Her." But he's everywhere — leering at Sally, insinuating himself into the chorus, tongue out often, pitch-black hair. He's like a firebug who's also a spectator.
And watch what Alexandra Silber does with Sally Bowles. She maybe can't match Liza in her movie-star allure, but she owns Sally in all her dashed hopes, her chitter-chatter, her frenetic movements and singing. Her "Maybe This Time" is a crowd-silencer and a heart-opener. In "Cabaret," she shows off a rangy, belting voice that's devastating.
So when your host seems to all but whisper to you "Willkommen," go for it. You won't be sorry and you just might feel right at home.
Through Oct. 6
Olney Theatre Center
2001 Olney-Sandy Spring Road
Olney, Maryland 20832
olneytheatre.org
tagsAlan PaulAlexandra SilberCabaretMason Alexander ParkOlney Theatre Center
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Conservation professionals from more than 42 members of the Center for Plant Conservation (CPC), a network of participating botanic gardens and plant conservation organizations throughout the United States – including Botanic Gardens Conservation International, U.S. – met at the San Diego Zoo Global May 4-6, 2017, to share and learn from each other the cutting-edge science and technology used to save rare and endangered flora.
About 4,500 of the roughly 18,500 species of plants in the U.S. and Canada are considered to be of conservation concern, with almost 1,000 of them either listed under the federal Endangered Species Act or qualified for listing. Without human intervention, many of them will be gone within the next few decades. The CPC and its partnering institutions have become known world-wide as the leaders in saving endangered plants.
Plants play a vital role in forming the backbone of ecosystems. Oxygen is created by plants as a byproduct of photosynthesis; plants regulate the water cycle by helping distribute and purify the planet's water; everything humans eat comes directly or indirectly from plants; other species of fish and wildlife also depend on plants for food and shelter; plants store carbon and help keep much of the carbon dioxide produced from the burning of fossil fuels out of the atmosphere; many medicines come directly from plants or plant derivatives.
CPC network gardens are helping to reduce extinction risk of the rarest plants in North America. In 2016 with funding from NFWF, the organization collectively made 37 seed collections of 30 globally rare species that occurred on federal lands. These seed collections safeguard the genetic resources of some of the rarest plant populations in the U.S. They provide a resource for future recovery actions and are a safety net against catastrophic loss. All seed collections are stored at the National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation in Ft. Collins, CO.
The species collected will become part of the CPC National Collection of endangered species. Our network participating institutions are custodians of these species ex-situ. In addition, they contribute to in-situ conservation actions.
San Diego Zoo Global's wildlife conservation efforts have long included both plants and animals. The San Diego Zoo and San Diego Zoo Safari Park are home to one of the most extensive collections of plants anywhere in North America—many of them imperiled.
The botanical focus of San Diego Zoo Global is on sustainability and restoration of native ecosystems, seed science, habitat monitoring and management, plant-animal interactions, and recovery programs for rare and endangered species. Projects link applied research, conservation outreach, education, and capacity-building activities to support conservation and threatened habitats.
In 2016, San Diego Zoo Global's Applied Plant Ecology Division was consolidated and restructured under a new plant conservation umbrella that allowed the organization to seamlessly merge its botanical collection planning and plant conservation research efforts with those of the CPC.
The Center for Plant Conservation is based in San Diego at the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research in Escondido, Calif.
The Center for Plant Conservation is dedicated solely to preventing the extinction of native plants in Canada and the United States. With more than 40 Participating Institutions, we maintain the largest living collection of rare plants in the world. Through research, restoration, technical assistance, and education, the Center for Plant Conservation has saved more than 1,000 species of the 4,000 imperiled plants. And we need your help to do more.


Employers who employ minors (youths under 18 years old) must ensure that working conditions meet the requirements of all four areas.
Worker's Permits in Sanford are processed in the Superintendent's Office located on the 2nd Floor of City Hall Annex, 917 Main Street, Suite 200, Sanford, Maine. Click here for an application form or here for a helpful brochure. For more information, call the Superintendent's Office at (207) 324 2810.


Change the selection color of Windows 7 32 bit without using any extra software. Here is how to do it.
Why I am showing you a wrong screenshot? Because; I discovered not all theme files have this string! Infact, in 64 bit the string is absent in most of the theme files!
Now, you need a software to get the values for the colors.
Note that, a color may have double digit value not triple ; i.e., abc=52 xyz=34 pqr=78 ; the values represent RGB value.
You need a software to pick colors; I use ColorPic free software for this website and other graphical works. You can download it from here.
Save the edited file in desktop or some convenient place. Just replace the original one with this one. Remember to save the file as "all files".
Done. As you can see all the default blue color in the notepad screenshot has been changed to green.
Note: If you add the string in 64 bit; the colors of hyperlinks will be changed; not the selection colors.
Thanks to flexdaw for sharing this idea and the 32 bit screenshot has been used belongs to him.
This Article Has Been Shared 2909 Times!
Any of us can have his or her own online TV channel with only a computer with internet access and a camera.Today we are offering a tutorial on how to have your own online TV channel.
We have gathered information about some well known dangerous dll files of Windows 7 and other operating system. It will work as reference to delete them easily if someone faces such dll file.
You can access your website's ftp server from Windows 7 explorer without using any software. Here is a small yet unique tutorial to perform so.
Here is a trick to access your website's ftp server from your browser in Windows 7, without using other software.
After reading this tutorial, you will be able to add a right click custom named menu and cascading list of submenu of third party or default programs with icons of your choice in Windows 7.
This is great but still does not address the selection color inside windows explorer and similar places. They remain blue.
that branch belongs to Windows Explorer.
Hilight changes the selection color.
ButtonFace changes the unfocussed selection color(and other things).
Cite this article as: Abhishek Ghosh, "Change the selection color of Windows 7 32 bit," in The Customize Windows, November 5, 2010, April 19, 2019, https://thecustomizewindows.com/2010/11/change-the-selection-color-of-windows-7-32-bit/.


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Codex / CPY / GAMES / Pc / torrent
Graveyard Keeper Crack PC +CPY Free Download CODEX Torrent
Graveyard Keeper Crack is involved in a car crash, he awakens in a medieval world where the locals assume he is the caretaker of the local cemetery. His only goal is to return home to his loved one, but to do so, he'll need to learn a lot about this strange new place and the strange characters that live there. For instance, a flying skull called Gerry will teach you the fundamentals of cemetery upkeep, autopsies, and funeral information. Yeah, you can perform post-mortem Graveyard Keeper CD Key, tests, but the convenience doesn't end there. It is similar to the drama style of the title and eliminates the distraction of the distraction.
Graveyard Keeper CPY in part due to the gorgeous pixel art graphics and in part due to the ubiquitous (and incredibly dark) humor. On the other hand, after the initial disgust wears off, you're more likely to be consumed by a sense of fear, because each mechanic, tip, and other valuable knowledge is only clarified once, and who knows who understands it. Despite the uncertainty of the explanation, Graveyard Keeper Plaza, has all the requisite elements to be addictive. From exclusive cemetery engagements to gardening and fishing, Graveyard Keeper provides a diverse range of activities.
Graveyard Keeper Free Download
Stardew Valley, the macabre burial sim that replaces broccoli and lettuce with headstones and crematoriums, appears cut and sewn to me after a few hundred hours. However, due to various technical issues and mistakes, his fascination, which no longer remains here, was inevitably lost. Though not technically game-breaking, the latter was intense enough to destroy any bad mood I was in. Graveyard Keeper is the most erroneous medieval cemetery management game ever made. Create and maintain your own cemetery in Graveyard Keeper IGG-Game, and grow into other businesses while reducing costs. Make use of whatever tools you can.
Graveyard Keeper Codex Burying the bodies is not lucrative, and costs are increasingly growing. The player must search out valuable resources to build useful objects and redesign the cemetery. Walks to the underground areas teeming with animals are the most active and risky. To maximize his rewards, the player can use various selection methods. He may either organize witch hunts or collaborate with the local church, which pays for the subject's revolt for them to attend church more regularly Graveyard Keeper torrent. The retro illustrations in Graveyard Keeper Download for PC are packed with intricate pixels.
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When you have: so many options, do you really want to waste money on the right burger for the witch-banging festival?
Grow your cemetery: into a thriving company by collecting useful materials and making new products. Support yourself – collect the useful resources strewn about the area and learn about what this land has to offer.
Guests and corpses: do these corpses need all organs? Why don't you cut it up and sell it to the butcher down the street? Alternatively, you can use actual visitors, your role player.
Investigate enigmatic dungeons: no medieval game will be complete without them! Take a ride into the unknown and learn about new alchemical ingredients that can poison a whole slew of locals.
Windows 7 is the operating system.
Intel Core i5 processors with a clock speed of 1.5 GHz or higher are recommended.
4 GB RAM is the maximum amount of memory that can be mounted on a computer.
Graphics card: Dedicated graphics card with 1 GB of RAM and shader model 3.0+
Version 10 of DirectX
1 GB of free space is available for storage.
Select "Setup" from the drop-down menu.
If the game you're trying to install appears somewhere, search the route you're trying to install and replace it with the one you already have.
Enable installation (don't worry, the launcher won't detect or download your game files if you already have them installed).
When you're done, the button should say "Play," and you can begin playing.
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Surgical treatment for thyrotoxicosis. BJS 1988; 75: 833-834.
Authors: T. S. Reeve
Prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. BJS 1988; 75: 835-836.
Authors: N. L. Browse
Cyclical mastopathy: A critical review of therapy. BJS 1988; 75: 837-844.
Authors: P. J. Goodwin, M. Neelam, N. F. Boyd
Dosage and duration of tamoxifen treatment for mastalgia: A controlled trial. BJS 1988; 75: 845-846.
Authors: I. S. Fentiman, M. Caleffi, H. Hamed, M. A. Chaudary
Use of fine needle aspiration cytology with immediate reporting in the diagnosis of breast disease. BJS 1988; 75: 847-850.
Authors: S. Nicholson, J. R. C. Sainsbury, V. Wadehra, G. K. Needham, J. R. Farndon
Role of Doppler ultrasound flowmetry in the diagnosis of breast lumps. BJS 1988; 75: 851-853.
Authors: A. Srivastava, D. J. T. Webster, J. P. Woodcock, S. Shrotria, R. E. Mansel, L. E. Hughes et al.
Effect of intraperitoneal saline irrigation at different temperatures on adhesion formation. BJS 1988; 75: 854-856.
Authors: A. M. Kappas, M. Fatouros, K. Papadimitriou, V. Katsouyannopoulos, D. Cassioumis
Ten‐year computerized audit of infection after abdominal surgery. BJS 1988; 75: 857-861.
Authors: Z. H. Krukowski, N. A. Matheson
Pyogenic liver abscess: An improvement in prognosis. BJS 1988; 75: 862-865.
Authors: O. Farges, T. Leese, H. Bismuth
Pulsatile varicose veins. BJS 1988; 75: 865-865.
Authors: R. L. Blackett, G. E. Heard
Anterior lesser curve seromyotomy and posterior truncal vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer: The results at five years. BJS 1988; 75: 866-868.
Authors: A. K. Siriwardena, A. A. Gunn
Highly selective vagotomy: A 14‐year experience. BJS 1988; 75: 869-872.
Authors: D. J. Byrne, B. M. Brock, A. G. Morgan, W. A. F. McAdam
Hyperparathyroidism after neck irradiation. BJS 1988; 75: 873-874.
Authors: T. J. Christmas, C. R. Chapple, J. G. Noble, E. J. G. Milroy, A. G. A. Cowie
Resting energy expenditure in the critically ill: Estimations versus measurement. BJS 1988; 75: 875-878.
Authors: D. C. Hunter, T. Jaksic, D. Lewis, P. N. Benotti, G. L. Blackburn, B. R. Bistrian et al.
Retroperitoneal extravasation from perforated duodenal ulcer. BJS 1988; 75: 878-879.
Authors: V. H. Weston‐Davies, M. Pertkiewicz, B. Szczygiel
Grip strength: A measure of the proportion of protein loss in surgical patients. BJS 1988; 75: 880-882.
Authors: J. A. Windsor, G. L. Hill
Neutrophil degranulation and increased pulmonary capillary permeability following oesophagectomy: A model of early lung injury in man. BJS 1988; 75: 883-886.
Authors: G. M. Rocker, M. S. Wiseman, D. Pearson, D. J. Shale
Left gastric venous caval shunt with externally reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene graft. BJS 1988; 75: 886-887.
Authors: J. Kambayashi, Y. Tsuji, M. Danno, T. Ohshiro, T. Mori
Low molecular weight heparin given the evening before surgery compared with conventional low‐dose heparin in prevention of thrombosis. BJS 1988; 75: 888-891.
Authors: D. Bergqvist, T. Mätzsch, U. S. Burmark, J. Frisell, O. Guilbaud, T. Hallböök et al.
Choledochal cyst: A 14‐year surgical experience with 36 patients. BJS 1988; 75: 892-895.
Authors: K. C. Tan, E. R. Howard
Endoscopic removal of retained stones after biliary surgery. BJS 1988; 75: 896-898.
Authors: M. E. Lambert, D. F. Martin, D. E. F. Tweedle
Cholelithiasis: A serious complication after total gastrectomy. BJS 1988; 75: 899-900.
Authors: P. Hauters, A. Neve De de Roden, A. Pourbaix, F. Aupaix, P. Coumans, G. Therasse et al.
Definitive radiation therapy for selected cancers of the rectum. BJS 1988; 75: 901-903.
Authors: B. Sischy, E. J. Hinson, D. R. Wilkinson
An aetiology for fistula in ano. BJS 1988; 75: 904-905.
Authors: I. K. Pople, D. N. L. Ralphs
Proliferation patterns and aneuploidy in adenomatous polyps of the colon. BJS 1988; 75: 906-909.
Authors: J. Matthews, S. Sousha, R. A. Parkins, M. Glynn, T. Cooke
Villous tumours of the large bowel. BJS 1988; 75: 910-912.
Authors: S. G. Pollard, R. Macfarlane, W. G. Everett
New technique of anastomosis after resection of left colon and rectum. BJS 1988; 75: 913-914.
Authors: V. I. Korepanov, R. Sh. Chuntua, S. P. Sugrobov
Diagnosis and management of graft—enteric fistulae. BJS 1988; 75: 915-916.
Authors: H. W. Tilanus, O. T. Terpstra, P. de Smit, H. van Urk, H. F. Veen
Rectus nerve entrapment causing abdominal pain. BJS 1988; 75: 917-917.
Authors: P. N. Hall, A. P. B. Lee
Wound infection after breast biopsy. BJS 1988; 75: 918-919.
Authors: J. M. Dixon, U. Chetty, A. P. M. Forrest
Misdiagnosis of breast cancer in an out‐patient breast clinic. BJS 1988; 75: 920-921.
Authors: E. Siim, J. Kjærgaard, F. Rank, H. Baden, B. Lundbæk
Ultrasound scanning by the urologist in outpatient clinics. BJS 1988; 75: 921-922.
Authors: S. G. Vesey, P. J. O'Boyle, G. N. Lumb
Continuous wound perfusion with bupivacaine for postoperative wound pain. BJS 1988; 75: 923-924.
Authors: P. Gibbs, A. Purushotham, C. Auld, R. J. Cuschieri
Oral pancreatic enzymes accelerate closure of external pancreatic fistulae. BJS 1988; 75: 924-925.
Authors: A. M. García‐Pugés, S. Navarro, L. Fernández‐Cruz, E. Ros, L. Hinojosa, C. Pera et al.
British Association of Endocrine Surgeons. BJS 1988; 75: 926-930.
Bowel preparation before sigmoidoscopy. BJS 1988; 75: 931-931.
Authors: J. J. T. Tate, G. T. Royle
Recurrent inguinal hernias. BJS 1988; 75: 931-931.
Authors: N. J. Barwell
Duodenal erosion complicating an implanted hepatic arterial catheter. BJS 1988; 75: 931-931.
Authors: N. Heaton
Risk to surgeons. BJS 1988; 75: 931-932.
Authors: H. Matta, A. M. Thompson
Thyroglossal duct cyst recurrence. BJS 1988; 75: 932-932.
Authors: S. N. Rogers, M. A. Feldman
T tubes: Virgin, slit, guttered or sculpted. BJS 1988; 75: 932-932.
Authors: J. L. Dawson
Pancreatitis and hyperparathyroidism. BJS 1988; 75: 932-932.
Authors: S. Jawaheer
Cost‐effective surgical Management. B. Eiseman and L. Stahlgren. 265 × 180 mm. Pp. 314 + xxi. Illustrated. 1987. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. £35.754. BJS 1988; 75: 933-933.
Authors: I. G. Kidson
Emergency abdominal surgery. P. F. Jones. 192 × 252 mm. Pp. 499. Illustrated. 1987. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. £49.50. BJS 1988; 75: 933-933.
Authors: J. Bolton
Principles of gynaecological surgery. S. L. Stanton. 275 × 200 mm. Pp. 306 + xii. Illustrated. 1987. New York: Springer Verlag. £29.50. BJS 1988; 75: 933-933.
Authors: A. M. Jequier
Practical burns management. H. Kemble and B. E. Lamb. 138 × 215 mm. Pp. 208. Illustrated. 1987. London: Edward Arnold. £9.95. BJS 1988; 75: 933-933.
Authors: M. Kissin
Small‐bowel transplantation. E. Deltz, A. Thiede and H. Hamelmann. 168 × 247 mm. P. 257. Illustrated. 1987. New York: Springer Verlag. DM 180.00. BJS 1988; 75: 934-934.
Authors: S. T. D. McKelvey
Acute medical problems in the postoperative patient. G. A. Porter. 160 × 233 mm. Pp. 216. Illustrated. 1987. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. £19.95. BJS 1988; 75: 934-934.
Authors: J. A. Rennie
Platelet‐vessel wall interactions. R. M. Pittilo. 168 × 248 mm. Pp. 187. Illustrated. 1988. New York: Springer Verlag. £47.00. BJS 1988; 75: 934-934.
Authors: B. Pardy
Lithotripsy II. M. J. Coptcoat, R. A. Miller and J. E. A. Wickham. 158 × 240 mm. Pp. 195. Illustrated. 1987. London: B.D.I. Publishing, £35.00. BJS 1988; 75: 934-934.
Authors: B. Ross
Gastroenterologic endoscopy. M. V. Sivak. 190 × 262 mm. Pp. 1168. Illustrated. 1987. London: Academic Press. £95.00. BJS 1988; 75: 935-935.
Authors: J. N. Thompson
1987 year book of digestive diseases. N. J. Greenberger. 155 × 234 mm. Pp. 462. Illustrated. 1987. London: Wolfe Medical Publications. £37.50. BJS 1988; 75: 935-935.
Authors: J. Bancewicz
Diagnostic picture tests in general surgery. W. Walker. 184 × 188 mm. Pp. 200. Illustrated. 1987. London: Wolfe Medical Publications. £6.50. BJS 1988; 75: 935-935.
Authors: P. D. Wright
Erratum. BJS 1988; 75: 935-935.
Notices and announcements. BJS 1988; 75: 935-935.


Ever had a prospect that looks so good, but is always just beyond your reach? Maybe they will decide next week, have to check the budget, the excuses are endless. How do you know when you need to move on? Time management is one the crucial elements of the sales process. These prospects can be time suckers.
Why I love Angry Prospects?
Angry prospects are direct and with the right approach, they can become great prospects. Improve your sales motivation with this one tip.
Social dynamics is the science of using nonverbal sub-communication to influence others.The consequences of not using proper social dynamics in your sales interactions are severe, and most of us don't even know we're doing anything wrong.What about pacing the movements of your prospect? It is from the old school of selling that is now wrong.
An endless string of ringing phones, overflowing email inboxes, bosses, coworkers, competitors, complaints and water-cooler gossip inundate our days. Often the stress to close a deal or get things done keeps us awake at night. In the world of selling, just like the Superbowl, there are fantastic distractions but in the end nobody is really saying or doing anything. Until along comes someone who sticks out for how "unsalesy" they are.
What are some questions you could ask your prospects that might narrow down whether or not they're prospects worth spending time with or not? What are some questions you could ask your customers that might improve your sales presentation or customer service? Before you waste your breath talking about carpet cleaning, wouldn't it make sense to discover if your prospect has any carpet?
It can be really tough to get prospects to sign up or to buy from you. That is why you need to know just what exactly to say. Yes, you can still turn prospects into real and profitable sales leads. What you need to do is to know the words that you should be saying.
Anything that has even a hint of dishonesty or deceit rubs people the wrong way and does more to convince them not to join you in the business than it does to persuade them to take a look at your opportunity. So why not use honesty from the get go? Your prospects truly yearn for sales situations that maintain honesty over manipulation. No matter what might sound salesman slick or smooth to say... honesty really is the best policy.
The reason we often shy away from focusing on a particular targeted group is that we think it's going to limit our business. However, the truth is that it helps your business to grow much more quickly. Again, the key is to speak to a very select group. "You can't please all the people all the time."


**Above are images from the 30th Annual Halloween Haunt. More will be added shortly. If you have any pictures that you would like to see on the website,email them to us and we will be sure to find some room for them somewhere! Enjoy!
Can we just tell you that CURSE OF THE SPIDER is incredible? The Knott's Haunt Crew proves once again that they are the masters in utilizing space. This maze packs a serious punch! We realize that "Curse of the Spiderwoods" was pretty weak in 2001 but this NEW version is a night and day difference and IS a maze. You will NOT want to miss this maze!!
How about ALIEN ATTACK? Very cool! Yes, it's different this year and some of your oldie but moldy favorites have returned! If you're a Haunt lover, you'll love this one!
You cannot skip this maze! Some VERY cool and surprising changes have been added! One recommendation: Pay attention to DETAIL! Knott's FINALLY got rid of the Motel doors that have been present since Baits Motel! Thank God!
If you think Knott's is going to let up on their clowns, you got another thing coming! Some fun additions have been added so PAY ATTENTION!
Packed full with "All Star" talent, this maze is even MORE warped this year!! The size of this maze alone carries a huge amount of weight in the wonderful world of Halloween Haunt.
Being the Ultimatehaunt.com Maze of the Year 2001, this maze is packed full of killer eye candy and Malices, Malices and more Malices!
Yes, this theme has been around the Haunt since Industrial Evil, however, the changes to this maze in 2002 are very disturbing and twisted. Tell us what you think about the additions on our Message Board!
A real oldie but goodie! The talent had their timing down when we went through, so watch out behind all of those tight corners!!
Okay….here goes. Dominion of the Dead dominated the world of Halloween Haunt. Gothic Graveyard and last year's Lore of the Vampire didn't quite match up to the original Haunt vampire mazes. This year, we were VERY surprised. You will enjoy the long narrow hallways mixed with the tight corners which will put you face to face with some crazed vampires! The new scenes in this maze are killer and the talent in this maze were just rockin'! And of course, pay the Queen a visit….she won't let you down!
A SERIOUS improvement! Packed full of howling talent, the deathly beautiful Little Reds and lots of killer werewolves, this attraction was able to capture the excitement that it hasn't had in around a decade! We STILL recommend that you go on this attraction FIRST to beat the lines!! You won't be let down!
The decorations and talent still can put you on edge in this classic attraction. Don't forget, this attraction (along with the Log Ride) has been around for ALL 30 years of Halloween Haunt. A classic!
IN CONCLUSION, ALLOW US TO SAY THAT THE TALENT BROUGHT THESE MAZES AND ATTRACTIONS TO LIFE!! Everyone did an outstanding job!!! Our hats go off to the Haunt Crew for creating and building such an incredible Halloween Haunt. Knott's is STILL the best and NOBODY else will touch them.


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Rywalizacja w wadze do 90 kg mężczyzn w podnoszeniu ciężarów na Letnich Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 1988 odbyła się 25 września 1988 roku w hali Ol-lim-pik Gong-won. W rywalizacji wystartowało 28 zawodników z 22 krajów. Tytułu sprzed czterech lat nie obronił Rumun Nicu Vlad, który tym razem startował w innej kategorii wagowej. Nowym mistrzem olimpijskim został Anatolij Chrapaty z ZSRR, srebrny medal wywalczył jego rodak - Nail Muchamiedjarow, a trzecie miejsce zajął Sławomir Zawada z Polski.

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Bibliografia

Podnoszenie ciężarów na Letnich Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 1988

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


have you considered not being so anti-white?
Below, I post the responses to this question on Voat.
Gentiles voiced their grievances in no uncertain terms.
this backlash? Why are they so complacent? Jews simply cannot comprehend that they were persecuted because of the agenda of Organized Jewry.
the World (2008) I said that the "Jewish conspiracy" is real.
If Jews remain in denial, they will bear responsibility for a broad Satanic conspiracy that has spread far beyond their ranks. The whole Gentile elite is Masonic but you rarely hear a critical word about Freemasonry. Why is that? They could eliminate all Jews and Freemasons would still be in charge. Are Gentiles loath to admit any responsibility for their condition? In any case, Jews had better get real before they end up being sacrificed by Freemasons and Masonic Jews, as they were in World War Two. The funny thing about history is that it keeps on going. Mostly repeating itself. I speak for many Jews who put their country first. We want to assimilate, not dominate.
Dear Jews: If you want us to stop being so anti-semitic, have you considered not being so anti-white?
Would you ask the snake not to eat the mouse?
They can't be reasoned with.
They are not a snake and we are not a mouse. They are a parasite, akin to a flea. With great numbers and with no defence the flea can overrun a dog.
Maybe a tick is a better metaphor. Ticks carry incurable diseases. Just one left unchecked can take down the whole immune system.
Tapeworm. They sap away nutrition from everything you eat, and they can get into your brain.
I do not ask the snake anything. I cut its head off with a shovel and carry on with my day.
And also dear jews: Can you GTFO out of our politics, media, medical institutions, law, banking and schools? Better yet, can you just GTFO of our country?
What have jews to fear from whites? Nothing, absolutely nothing. But whites have everything to fear from Jews, who have sworn to exterminate the white man by sneaky Jewish ways.
They fear that we will do the holocaust for real this time and they should be scared.
You can't ever broach the topic with (((them))), they'll just give you the standard issue "oy vey goy, but you must know that I too am white like yourself! Let's check our privilege, and stop being so judgmental of your wife's boyfriend!"
They can't help it. This is why there is only one solution. The final one.
of course not. they're so smart they're desperate to kill off the only people who produce a net positive of value in anything. when all that's left are parasites who refuse to do any real work that needs to be done; and violent, uncontrollable, savage animals that see the jews as also white, who is going to do all the work? I'm sure they have some secret way for making that world work.
Anecdotally, I have heard that the majority of mainstream movie directors and producers are Jewish. If this is the case, then the media they produce, specifically blockbuster films, television shows, and music are Jewish-influenced, with Jewish themes, symbolism, and assumptions that are not easily recognized or even realized by goyim.
Basically, it is possible that the majority of the media consumed by Americans is born by Jews and does not reflect the reality and assumptions of the majority of Americans, but only the ideology and philosophy of this ethnic minority.
The USA is, for all intents and purposes, as Jewish as Italy is Catholic. Culture, arts, foreign policy, moeurs, etc.
As a simple example, the US is the only Western nation to mutilate its male newborns' genital organs.
Comments for "Growing Backlash to Jewish War on Whites"
The biggest traitor of the lot was 33rd-degree mason Winston Churchill, known in parliament as " The Shithouse " for his initials WC.
He made sure that spying on Russia during the war was stopped she said " they were an ally"
but they never were and worked against the UK all through.
Stalin said hungry men fight best and he wanted the spifires for the war on the west after Germany was defeated.
I had my doubts Justin Trudeau is Fidel Castro's son. After reading how desperately Global News wants us to believe that Justin is not his son just makes me 100% certain that he most definitely is. Fidel and Justin look at each other like a lion and his cub. You can see the love oozing out of them.
Of course Fidel Castro comes from a rich Jewish family, just like Adolf Hitler (Rothschild).
Whites generally have a hard time understanding, Jews are a yellow race by origin, they are not white and the ones running the planet show no loyalties to the white race. When will the goyim ever learn?! Judas goats are usually Jews, always pretending to be something they are not.
Justin Trudeau is not a bloodline Frenchman, he's a Sephardic Jew. Vive Les Juifs!
I'd like to clarify also that it is not a Jewish conspiracy. It's a satanic Babylonian conspiracy led by insane Jews that hate Jews. The insane Rothschilds are luring Jews into Israel, only because they want to nuke them with Neutron bombs.
Jews are not caricatures with hooked noses, they are actually human beings. Vilifying the entire Jewish race is exactly what the satanic Rothschild family want the rest of the world to do as they plot World War III and the destruction of Israel & USA, then have their world capital Jerusalem. Don't play their games! Don't pick sides!
We in the US are living in Weimar America; totally controlled by Jews in important places, and overwhelmed with their pornographic filth. We need another Hitler to root-out the problem. Hitler and Germany fought against Jewish Communism, that has infected America. Joseph McCarthy found this infection, and the US government had to destroy him. They did, and now we still live in a Jewish-Weimar America.


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Adam Hood
Southern rock with a country heart
With a John Denver grin and a mind full of Alabama attitude, Adam Hood knows the beautiful mess of blue-collar love, and everyone on Music Row wants in. Tracks from his critically acclaimed album, The Shape of Things, have been cut by Little Big Town, David Nail, Josh Abbott Band, Brian Keane and John Corbett. The legendary Willie Nelson and Leon Russell have each called on Adam for national tours. When he's not making music in Nashville or building his loyal following in Texas, across the Southeast and beyond, Adam can be found at home in Northport, Ala., where he raises a family and keeps a healthy garden of homegrown vegetables. His fourth album, Welcome to the Big World, is a biographical collection that ranges from Delbert McClinton roadhouse rock to Kris Kristofferson storyteller folk, with a mix of timeless two-step shuffles. His most recent album, Somewhere in Between, was released last year.
Sample song
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