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Notwithstanding judicial benediction: Why we need to dispel the myths around section 33 of the Charter
This commentary by Geoffrey Sigalet explains that the notwithstanding clause is a valid legislative tool for resisting judicial activism.
in Commentary, Domestic Policy Program, Latest News, Political Tradition
By Geoffrey Sigalet
PDF of commentary
If we are looking for dramatic moments of judicial arrogance in the short history of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, we need not look further than the case of SFL v. Saskatchewan, where then Supreme Court Justice Rosalie Abella decided to bless Canadian organized labour with the constitutionalized right to strike.
In a direct reversal of precedent, Justice Abella wrote that "the right to strike" is "an indispensable component of collective bargaining," which in turn is a concept the Court has related to the Charter's section 2(d) right to freedom of association. Abella then mused that: "It seems to me to be the time to give this conclusion constitutional benediction" (Saskatchewan Federation of Labour v. Saskatchewan [2020]).
In Christianity, a benediction is a blessing. The secular task of adjudication is about interpreting rights not blessing their creation ex nihilo. As Howard Anglin (2022) has recently argued, it is important to keep Abella's priestly attitude in mind when we consider the Ontario legislature's enactment of the Ford government's Bill 28: Keeping Students in Class Act, 2022, with an invocation of section 33 of the Charter's infamous "notwithstanding clause." The Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) decided to illegally strike anyway, closing schools across the province. The Ford government has now agreed to move to repeal the Act in exchange for the Union workers returning to work and the negotiating table.
In this constitutional skirmish, the notwithstanding clause was clearly invoked to override the ability of CUPE's workers to assert a Charter right to strike in court against any back-to-work legislation. The episode has prompted much Laurentian wringing of hands over yet another provincial use of the notwithstanding clause.
The normative bottom line is that you can disagree with the substance of Ontario's use of the law, and even with the level of justification offered by Ford's government, and yet recognize the reality that the notwithstanding clause is a valid legislative tool for resisting judicial activism. There is also a substantive case to be made that Ontario was justified to use section 33 in this case, although my view is that the Ford government has done a poor job of explaining to Ontarians why the pre-emptive use of the clause was necessary to resist judicial activism. The empirical bottom line is that the Supreme Court's activism in SFL made Ontario's use of section 33 quite predictable. There will be many more provincial uses of the clause to come, and possibly even federal uses of the clause.
Notwithstanding two myths
Let's unpack some of the misinformation surrounding section 33. It seems that every time a legislature invokes section 33, there is much weeping and gnashing of teeth, and each of these episodes tends to raise the same myths. As such, in the wake of Ontario's invocation of the clause, it was unsurprising to see commentators once again misrepresenting its significance and history.
The two myths about the clause that responsible commentators should cease repeating are (i) that section 33 was intended by the framers of the Charter to only be used rarely or in emergencies and (ii) that the clause overrides the Constitution itself, or is somehow opposed to the Charter. Even the most ardent critics of section 33 cannot premise their conclusions on either myth without short-circuiting their arguments.
The Myth of notwithstanding emergencies
The myth of notwithstanding emergencies is partly perpetuated by selected framers of the Charter. The idea that the clause should only be used in emergencies can be traced all the way back to then-Minister of Justice Jean Chrétien's words introducing the penultimate text of the Charter to Parliament by saying section 33 was required by "the need for a safety valve to correct absurd situations."
Since then Chrétien has repeatedly stated his view that section 33 was meant for rare emergencies, even going to far as to join Ontario's former attorney general Roy McMurty and Saskatchewan's former premier Roy Romanow (Maclean's 2018) in condemning the Ford government's invocation of section 33 in (unenacted) legislation shrinking Toronto's City Council in 2018. McMurty was Bill Davis' attorney general in those negotiations; Romanow was part of Alan Blakeney's team that advocated for the notwithstanding clause during the constitutional negotiations that led to the Charter.
Chrétien, Romanow and McMurty were all key players in the "Kitchen Accord" that saw the federal government agree to the notwithstanding clause in exchange for the agreement of all provinces but Quebec to the Charter and the new amendments procedures. All three signed a letter describing the notwithstanding clause as: "designed to be invoked by legislatures in exceptional situations, and only as a last resort after careful consideration" (Maclean's 2018).
But all of this is a kind of selective original intent revisionism. Chrétien and his prime minister, Pierre Elliot Trudeau, opposed the notwithstanding clause and only agreed to it as a compromise with the provinces. They both hoped that the clause would only be used in exceptional circumstances because they saw the Charter as a strong centralizing instrument for unifying "Charter Canadians" across their various regional identities. McMurty's boss in the negotiations, Ontario Premier Bill Davis, supported a Charter without a notwithstanding clause and tried to limit the clause so that it wouldn't apply to section 2's fundamental freedoms. Chrétien and McMurty's positions as advocates of a Charter without a notwithstanding clause places an important qualifier on their ability to speak authoritatively about its intended purpose.
Romanow is a more interesting story. Romanow's boss, Alan Blakeney, was opposed to the Charter as an instrument of centralizing federal power that threatened to allow judicial elites to overturn provincial legislation protecting rights left out of the Charter, such as the right to housing. Romanow can say whatever he wants about how he intended section 33 to be used, but he was working for Blakeney and fortunately we have the boss' views in his own words.
In his reflections, Blakeney openly stated that he was a fan of using section 33 to correct activist judicial interpretations of the Charter and "to protect a fundamental right that is not included in the Charter" (Blakeney 2010, 6). When it came to rights relating to the economy, he went further to say:
The Charter was not intended and should not be interpreted to give the courts a role in the distribution of the economic power in society. Thus, the Charter right of an individual to "security of the person" does not trump the rights of other groups of persons. (Blakeney 2010, 4-5)
There is no hint in Blakeney's writings on section 33, nor in his memoirs, that he thought section 33 would be reserved for "absurd situations" or "exceptional situations." Blakeney's writings cite Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the US president who threatened to pack the Supreme Court to overcome judicial opposition to the "New Deal," as his inspiration for dealing with courts. His reflections are infused with democratic hostility to judicial elites as final arbiters of important rights questions. Indeed, of all the framers, Blakeney seemed the blithest about using section 33 to teach courts lessons about the importance of rights not found in the Charter.
Whatever the motivations for Romanow's statements today, he is contradicting what the historical record says about his boss' intentions in 1981. Blakeney's concern with courts invalidating legislated rights for workers does suggest that he would object to the substance of the Ford government's use of the notwithstanding clause in its back-to-work legislation, but Blakeney's arguments make it difficult to say that there is something procedurally awry with using the clause to contest judicial interference with "the distribution of economic power in society" in non-emergency circumstances.
The other key supporter of the notwithstanding clause was Alberta's Conservative Premier Peter Lougheed. Lougheed shared Blakeney's skepticism about the centralizing nature of the Charter, but he placed more emphasis on the need for section 33 as a means of contesting particularly activist and mistaken judicial interpretations of rights. Those who think that Lougheed would have disapproved of Doug Ford's invocation of section 33 should consult his reflections on why he advocated for the clause as part of the Charter.
Lougheed announced in 1983 that if the Supreme Court struck down Alberta's back-to-work legislation as violating the right to freedom of association: "we, the Alberta government, would forthwith introduce similar legislation and include the 'notwithstanding' clause as provided by section 33" (Lougheed 1998, 10).
Lougheed did argue for caution in the use of section 33, and he may have objected to the quality of the Ford government's public justification for the clause. But he himself thought it justifiable to use the clause to contest courts inventing the right to strike: it just took 32 years for an activist court to grant this right judicial "benediction." It's true that Lougheed also argued for amending the Constitution to prohibit pre-emptive uses of the clause, but even that argument revealed how Lougheed did not think the text of the Charter restricted pre-emptive uses. That's why he thought a Constitutional amendment would be required to restrict this use, unlike certain commentators today who seem to think the original meaning of the clause is somehow opposed to pre-emptive uses.
And its unclear why it matters here that Ford used the clause pre-emptively, given that the courts had already showed their activist card on this matter, invading policy matters that lie squarely in the jurisdiction of the provincial legislatures. If Lougheed lived to see the Court openly granting "benediction" to rights that he once considered using the notwithstanding clause to disagree with, it's quite possible that he would have changed his mind about restricting pre-emptive uses.
There is no dispositive historical evidence that the framers of the Charter agreed that the clause should only be used in emergencies or treated as a "nuclear option." On the contrary, this is a convenient myth for those who worship at the altar of judicial activism. For those interested in more discussion of the history of the clause I suggest checking out Dwight Newman's scholarship (Newman 2019).
The Myth of Overriding the Constitution
The second myth surrounding the notwithstanding clause is that it somehow involves overriding the Constitution or suspends the Charter. To my ears, the CBC and other news outlets have become slightly better at describing the legal effect of notwithstanding clause invocations on Charter rights. Perhaps this is partly because prominent recent litigation has made it clear that there is legal disagreement about how to technically understand the clause.
Even so, we see commentators repeating the same old myth that the notwithstanding clause suspends fundamental law, like some embodiment of Carl Schmitt's fantasies. Section 33 is part of the Constitution, it is part of the Charter itself, and so legislatures that use it according to the clause's own formal requirements are following the Constitution.
The more interesting question is what the technical effect of using this part of the Constitution has on the relationship between the law invoking the clause and the provisions of the Charter it applies to. This is one of the key questions at stake in the litigation concerning Quebec's invocation of section 33 in Loi 21, a statute prohibiting some civil servants from wearing religious symbols and all civil servants from covering their faces. The litigation in the Hak case raises the question of whether laws invoking section 33 can be declared "inconsistent" with the provisions of the Charter they apply to, even though they are otherwise constitutional.
My own view is that the text of section 33.2 clearly prohibits courts from making declarations about the consistency of a law invoking the clause because such a statute "shall have such operation as it would but for the provision of the Charter referred to in the declaration" (Sigalet Forthcoming). This doesn't just protect the "operation" of an unconstitutional law, but rather tells judges that the law is to be treated as constitutional notwithstanding its relationship with the Charter rights it affects. This leaves the question of the consistency of the law with right up to the political process, at least for the five-year period in which the notwithstanding clause has effect. This interpretation fits with the historical reasons why Blakeney and Lougheed insisted on including the clause in the Charter: it ensures the legislatures have a turn to disagree with courts about Charter rights.
Notwithstanding the "Charter Party"
With these myths out of the way, it becomes a bit more obvious that certain reactions to the use of the clause are either the result of misunderstanding the Constitution or calculated virtue signalling. The federal Liberal government's reaction drew on the myths about the clause in a way that is consistent with the Liberal Party's doctrinal antipathy towards section 33, while also constituting a politically rational and low-risk form of virtue signalling.
The federal Minister of Labour, Seamus O'Reagan, responded to Ontario's invocation of the clause by invoking the myth of emergency use: "It's an affront to democracy. The notwithstanding clause is meant to be used in the most extreme of circumstances" (The Canadian Press 2022).
Not so. That was the hope of the Liberal framers who opposed including it in the Charter. It was not the original intent of the framers considered as a group, especially not the framers who advocated for including the clause as part of the Charter package.
The more legally literate federal Minister of Justice, David Lametti, perhaps unwittingly, repeated Lougheed's critique of using the clause pre-emptively:
The use of the notwithstanding clause is very serious. It de facto means that people's rights are being infringed… the notwithstanding clause is there and it was included to guarantee parliamentary supremacy, but as the last word. If you use it as the first word, it has the impact of reducing political debate, cutting off political debate. It's effectively like a kind of closure, and it completely eviscerates judicial scrutiny. (The Canadian Press 2022)
It's nice to know that the Minister of Justice agrees with my view that section 33 cuts off judicial scrutiny, even if he's wrong that the clause "de facto" infringes and overrides rights (see Sigalet 2022). The latter view indulges in the myth of overriding the Constitution. And it's difficult to see how anyone could say that Ontario has used the clause to have the "first word" about the right to strike in a way that cuts off political debate. As we've seen, the courts have already had their priestly "first word" by reading the right to strike into the section 2(d) freedom of association.
As Professor Dave Snow (2022) has recently argued, because Ontario is responding to past judicial activism that erodes its policy jurisdiction, its use of section 33 hardly counts as a pre-emptive "first word" about the right to strike in anything but a technical sense. And there has been obviously robust political debate since the clause was invoked; the result has been a compromise with CUPE abandoning their illegal strike and Ontario repealing the back-to-work legislation. The clause doesn't cut off political debate but ignites it. And the five-year expiration of the clause is timed to help reignite the debate about any invocation.
Lametti raised the possibility of federal intervention, saying "there are a number of different things one might do, but I'm not going to discuss my options" (Walsh and Mcleod 2022). No federal intervention was possible because the back-to-work law was repealed, but what were the federal options?
The government could have imitated the litigators challenging Loi 21 in Quebec's Hak case by seeking a declaration that the Ontario law is inconsistent with the Charter freedom of association without impacting the law's operation. This would have a dim chance of success because the courts are unlikely to be convinced that section 33.2 protects only the operation of laws, rather than their constitutional validity and operation.
The government could have followed Andrew Coyne's (2022) irresponsible suggestion of disallowing the Ontario law. But there is a constitutional convention against the use of the disallowance power (which is why the premiers ignored Pierre Trudeau's attempt to use it as a bargaining chip in the patriation negotiations) and using it would cause a constitutional crisis. Alberta and Saskatchewan are already threatening to enact laws aggressively defending their sovereignty, if the federal government disallowed a provincial law, the consequence would be the fiercest provincial rights movement since the days of Oliver Mowat.
Finally, the government could have initiated talks to amend or repeal section 33 from the Charter with the agreement of at least seven provinces representing at least half the population. This is obviously not going to happen because the provinces would never agree to give up their only tool to resist judicial activism by federally-appointed courts.
None of the options open to the federal government would have had any hope of stopping Ontario's back-to-work law. This suggests that federal Liberals leapt at a chance to attack the notwithstanding clause because there is more reward than risk in reminding Canadians of the myths of the Liberal Party as the "Charter Party" during a time when the Public Order Emergency Commission is looking into whether the government acted ultra vires by invoking the Emergencies Act to respond to the 2021 trucker protests in Ottawa.
In recent testimony, Lametti has been unwilling to waive solicitor-client privilege to explain the interpretation of "threat to national security" that justified invoking the Act. He also tried to reassure Canadians that he was joking when he responded to Public Safety Minister Marco Mendicino's text of "How many tanks are you asking for?" with "I reckon one will do!" (Forrest 2022). Even if we grant that he was joking, he was joking about suspending Charter rights by using military force against civilians. That kind of joke doesn't fit well with the myths of the "Charter Party." Attacking the notwithstanding clause does. But it may be that the myths are losing their charm.
As for the courts, the myths of the "Charter Party" will do nothing to prevent provincial legislatures from exercising their right to invoke the notwithstanding clause to protect their jurisdiction from judicial activism. The more federally appointed courts use the Charter to invade provincial jurisdiction, the more laws we will see notwithstanding judicial benediction.
Geoffrey Sigalet is the Director of the UBC Centre for Constitutional Law and Legal Studies and an Assistant Prof. of Political Science at the University of British Columbia's Okanagan Campus. He held research fellowships at McGill's Research Group on Constitutional Studies, Stanford Law School's Constitutional Law Center, and Queen's Law School. In 2018 he received his PhD in public law and political theory from Princeton University.  His research investigates how constitutional principles such as the separation of powers, proportionality in rights adjudication, judicial independence, and parliamentary supremacy relate to democratic politics. His focus is on principles that matter in the Westminster and the US constitutions.
Anglin, Howard. 2022. "Three cheers of the notwithstanding clause." The Hub, November 3. Available at https://thehub.ca/2022-11-03/howard-anglin-three-cheers-for-the-notwithstanding-clause/.
Blakeney, Allan. 2010. "The Notwithstanding Clause, The Charter, and Canada's Patriated Constitution: What I Thought We Were Doing." Constitutional Forum 19(1).
The Canadian Press. 2022. "Feds condemn Ontario's 'pre-emptive' use of notwithstanding clause." Canadian Press Videos, November 1. Available at https://ca.style.yahoo.com/feds-condemn-ontario-pre-emptive-193000826.html?guccounter=1.
Coyne, Andrew. 2022. "What Ottawa should say to the provinces: See your notwithstanding clause, raise you disallowance." Globe and Mail, November 2. Available at https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-what-ottawa-should-say-to-the-provinces-see-your-notwithstanding/.
Forrest, Maura. 2022. "'How many tanks?' Cabinet texts reveal pent-up frustration with 'Freedom Convoy'." Politico, November 24. Available at https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/24/canada-cabinet-freedom-convoy-00070816.
Hak c Québec (PG), 2021 QCCS 1466.
Lougheed, Peter. 1998. "Why A Notwithstanding Clause?" (1998) 6 Points of View (Centre for Constitutional Studies).
Maclean's. 2018. "Chretien, Romanow and McMurtry attack Ford's use of the notwithstanding clause." Maclean's, September. Available at https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/chretien-romanow-and-mcmurtry-attack-fords-use-of-the-notwithstanding-clause/.
Newman, Dwight. 2019. "Canada's Notwithstanding Clause, Dialogue, and Constitutional Identities." In Geoffrey Sigalet, Grégoire Webber & Rosalind Dixon, eds, Constitutional Dialogue: Rights, Democracy, Institutions. Cambridge University Press.
Saskatchewan Federation of Labour v. Saskatchewan, [2015] 1 SCR 245.
Sigalet, Geoffrey. 2022. "The Truck and the Brakes: Understanding the Charter's Limitations and Notwithstanding Clauses Symmetrically." Supreme Court Law Review 105: 194-227. Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4124571.
Sigalet, Geoffrey. Forthcoming. "Legislated Rights as Trumps: Why the Notwithstanding Clause Overrides Judicial Review." Osgood Hall Law Journal, 61(1). Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4254342.
Snow, Dave. " 'Pre-emptive' use of the notwithstanding clause is nothing new." The Hub, November 30. Available at https://thehub.ca/2022-11-30/dave-snow-pre-emptive-use-of-the-notwithstanding-clause-is-nothing-new/.
Walsh, Marieke and Marsha Mcleod. 2022. "Attorney-General suggested Emergencies Act in first week of Ottawa protest, texts reveal." Globe and Mail, November 23. Available at https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-federal-justice-minister-floated-idea-of-military-in-the-streets/.
Tags: constitutionGeoffrey Sigaletnotwithstanding clause
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Artist finds new home in uptown Lexington
By Ben ColeyThe Dispatch
Kevin Trotter was first introduced to art at 8 years old.
Trotter's grandfather gave an art set to him and his older brother Clay. His brother took the bigger tubes of paint, water colors and acrylics while Trotter was left with the oil tubes.
Though he was upset about his brother taking most of the materials, Trotter said his mother told him about the beauty of oil painting.
"She explained to me that oil paints are classy and it takes a really great artist," Trotter said. "So of course, from that point I wanted to paint with oils and have been ever since. ... The oils, I can still imagine how they smell. It was really strong."
Trotter recalled drawing people or animals and holding his breath until he had enough of them on the canvas so that they could breathe on their own.
"To me, it was a race to get that much of them on there so they could live," Trotter said. "In a way that's the kind of mindset you're on when you're painting these things. Now, I'm more into perfection, which is really a burden in itself. I'm more into that of making them absolutely right as opposed to the whole breathing thing."
Since that time, Trotter has created personal art, commissioned art and eventually transitioned to graphic design and T-shirt design.
He now runs Trotter Brothers Art and Art By Kevin Trotter in a building at 7 W. Third St. where he sells prints of his fine art and offers graphic design services and direct to garment T-shirt printing.
Some of the more notable pieces on display are an oil painting of a bed and breakfast in Southport and a painting of Bill Blair, who was a pioneer for NASCAR in the 1940s and 1950s.
Trotter has dabbled in other forms of art, as well.
He was tasked with creating a piece for Duke University's "Take a Seat for Cancer." He began doing wild sketches of a person and decided to bring those sketches to life as a sculpture.
So he went to Lowe's, bought some electric fence wire and weaved the sculpture out of wire to look like the pencil drawing.
The piece was called "What now," because it represented someone sitting on a chair thinking about what to do next after receiving a cancer diagnosis.
"My mother-in-law at the same time I was doing this was diagnosed with breast cancer, so she called us up one night and said, 'Me and your dad are going to go down to the beach and think about what we're going to do,'" Trotter said. "And I just kind of thought that was an odd statement. To me in my mind, what's there to think about? You're gonna do it. And she was serious — she didn't know if she wanted to do it or not."
Later into his art career he began creating hang tags, logos, patches and labels for a variety of companies such as Mossy Oak, American Outdoorsman, Costco and Lord and Taylor.
Trotter said he loves the feeling of walking into a store and seeing a design that he created himself.
"It is so cool," Trotter said. "It's really cool when you have something you've actually done."
Regarding the T-shirt business, Trotter will either print a design for a customer or create one himself and place it on the T-shirt. He does it for both retail and wholesale customers. With their printing machine, they are able to print as many as needed or even just one.
Trotter explained that his T-shirt printing business began through his involvement with an annual car show in Asheboro that benefits veterans.
He grew frustrated when screen printing companies wouldn't print his design because it was too detailed and extensive. So he decided that it'd be better to print the shirts himself.
"They would tell me we can't print that — you're going to have to dumb it down," Trotter said. "The illustrations are too detailed. It's because their screen printing couldn't hold it. So I said I've seen this stuff around and I know there's people out there printing this stuff. That's when I got into the direct to garment."
With being pulled in multiple directions nowadays, Trotter said it can be difficult to find time to paint. He has his business and also two adopted children with special needs, who are his first priority. He also serves on the board for the Arc of Davidson County, an organization that assists those with developmental and intellectual disabilities.
However, when he does get the chance to focus on an empty canvas, it's almost like an escape to another world.
"You're wanting it to be right," Trotter said. "I really don't care what other people think of my paintings. It's really at that moment between me and the painting, it has nothing to do with anyone else. It's capturing what's supposed to be there. When I say I'm in the zone, it's really just you and the painting. There's nothing else. You've got this bubble around you. You're just separated. You're away from everything. Every problem, everything else just doesn't matter at that point."
If interested in Trotter's services, call (336) 300-8360 or email at ktrotterart@triad.rr.com.
Ben Coley can be reached at (336) 249-3981, ext. 227 or at ben.coley@the-dispatch.com. Follow Ben on Twitter: @LexDispatchBC


Some people make a habit of denigrating Twitter, saying that its well-known 140-character limit makes it useless for anything substantive. There are several responses.
First, it's possible to link to anything on the Web within a tweet (just use one of the common URL-shortening utilities), so lots more information can be conveyed. Second, a lot of people read more on Twitter than they write. They use it as a sort of personal news feed, scrolling down for a few minutes at a time during the work day to see what's new. If you pick the right accounts to follow, this works very well.
It's true, though, that A2L Consulting receives far more traffic on its website from LinkedIn than from Twitter. I recently commented on this reality for the Wall Street Journal.
So my advice to litigators is to pick a small number, say between 30 and 100, high-quality Twitter accounts to follow. Here are 50 that I recommend, but there are many more good ones. I have tried to provide a balance among news sources, trial tactics, general legal news and other interesting accounts.
Click on any of the hyperlinked Twitter handles below to open a new window where you can chose to follow that account.
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A2L Consulting @A2LConsulting Yes, that's us. Since 1995, jury consulting, litigation graphics, and trial tech to litigators from all major law firms on 10K+ cases with trillions at stake.
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JD JOURNAL @JDJournal Legal News, Law Firm News.
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The Am Law Daily @AmLawDaily The source for daily legal business news and analysis of leading law firms.
National Law Review @natlawreview The National Law Review is a free on-line resource of legal articles written by leading law firms & agencies.
Ron Coleman @RonColeman Commercial law focusing on trademark, copyright and litigation. Writer of the LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION® blog.
Richardlevick @richardlevick Richard Levick is Chairman and CEO of LEVICK, the nation's leading crisis communications and high stakes public relations firm.
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Geri Dreiling @legalmediamtrs I'm a lawyer and journalist who now provides legal PR and content writing services. Editor of Lawyer Tech Review: @lawyertechrvw.
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Robert B. Smith @BobSmithLaw trial lawyer and trusted advisor to businesses, institutions and individuals. at DeMoura/Smith LLP Boston.
Katherine James @actlaw Trial & Litigation Consultant, Witness Preparation, Attorney Workshops, CLE, Applying theater and acting skills to the Law.
Law Practice News @Law_Practice Follow us for Law Practice articles, blog posts, and related writings by lawyers, law firms, and legal professionals. A @JDSupra law content feed.
Morgan C. Smith @cogentlegal Compelling graphics and strategic consultation for attorneys in all phases of litigation. Founded by a top-rated trial lawyer with multimedia expertise.
David Tate @DavidTateEsq Writes about a wide variety of legal topics.
Litigation Solutions @LitigationSolns Providing litigation support services to attorneys since 1994. Multimedia trial presentation specialists.
Mitch Jackson @mitchjackson California lawyer who enjoys social media, trying cases and sharing 27 years of communication tips!
Kevin O'Keefe @kevinokeefe Lawyer. CEO/Founder of LexBlog: Empowering lawyers worldwide to network through the Internet.
ASTC Prof Visibility @ASTCNow Informing trial advocates of the opportunities for advancing their skills. A publication of the American Society of Trial Consultants (ASTC).
Lawyerology @lawyerology Lawyerology: the art and science of being a lawyer. Blog edited and written by Rob Sullivan and the lawyers/staff of Sullivan, Morgan & Chronic - Trial lawyers.
Law.com @lawdotcom ALM's Law.com is the web's leading legal news and information network for attorneys and other legal professionals.
ABA Litigation @ABALitigation The American Bar Association Section of Litigation serves 60,000 members!
Mark Hamill, JD, CPA @Mark_Hamill_Esq Accomplished and energetic attorney with Am Law 100 and Big 4 CPA experience.
Legal Week @LegalWeek Legal magazine and website providing news on law firms, lawyers, company legal teams and legal developments, plus blogs, briefings, jobs, comment and opinion.
Christopher Levinson @ChrisLevinson Administrator for Vititoe Law Group (prior firm was Masry & Vititoe). M&V was depicted in the film Erin Brockovich.
BlawgWhisperer @BlawgWhisperer ABAJournal.com Web editor and keeper of the Blawg Directory.
WSJ Law Blog @WSJlawblog Hot cases, emerging trends and big personalities in law from The Wall Street Journal.
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Bob Ambrogi @bobambrogi Lawyer, writer, consultant.
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Greetings! This week, the Stampendous Design Team is "Under the Sea" projects. I am really excited to share this card with you, because it uses the Windowrama Die set. I have so much fun making these shadowbox-type cards. Below are my full instructions.
1. Stamp the Porpoise Fun image on to Mixed Media Paper with VersaFine Clair Ink.
2. Color the stamped image in with the Zig Markers listed.
3. Die cut the colored image with the circle from the Windowrama Die Set.
4. Die cut two panels of the Windowrama out of Powder Blue Vintage Cardstock.
5. Die cut the circle out of one of the Windowrama panels.
6. Cut a piece of acetate to fit behind the window and adhere with Tear It! Tape.
7. On the inside of the back piece of the Windowrama, apply Faded Jeans Distress Ink with an Ink Blending Tool, making a circle slightly bigger than the die cut colored image. This will create a halo effect around the image.
8. Stamp the sentiment on Mixed Media cardstock with VersaFine Clair ink.
9. Die cut the sentiment with the Large "B" Fitted Frame.
10. Ink the sentiment lightly with Tumbled Glass Distress Ink.
11. Adhere the colored image, sentiment, and seal up the Windowrama with Tear It! Tape.
12. Apply On Point Glue to the lower half of the circle, and sprinkle on Shaved Ice.
I love this happy little porpoise! He's such a cutie. And pairing him with the Windowrama Die set adds fun dimension and interest. I hope you'll get the Windowrama for yourself. There is so much you can do with it. Be sure to visit the rest of the Stampendous Team, you can get their links over on the Stampendous Blog. Thanks for stopping by. Have an inspiring day!


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How can the charity sector adapt to coronavirus?
By Angela Kail
on 13 March 2020 , 4 minute read
Home » Blog » How can the charity sector adapt to coronavirus?
If the unofficial motto of the charity sector is 'we do what needs to be done'—then right now with coronavirus we face an unprecedented challenge of working out what does need to be done. The context and guidelines are changing daily and it is hard to work through the ramifications of what all the changes might now mean.
It currently looks like coronavirus will affect every charity—be that with staff absences, changes to working practices, fundraising shortfalls, or having to stop running services. Those of us who are working with people vulnerable to the coronavirus—be it as service users or as volunteers—are having to make the toughest decisions, trading off which consequences are least bad. These charities will be considering whether it is possible for them to run their services if they are putting people in danger. Social distancing may be the approach that saves people's lives, but it will mean real hardship to people who are already socially isolated. Some organisations have already made the decision that they don't expect vulnerable people to come in—despite what that will mean for their service users, their income and their mission. We need to be thinking about how we adapt as a sector and how those who support and fund us can also help.
Changing our approach
We will have to find different ways of working. That might mean more micro-volunteering, which younger people are more likely to do than older people. Or it might mean moving to video calls rather than visits. And we will need to share these different solutions. NCVO has been leading the charge in terms of things that charities will need to be thinking about with coronavirus—from sick pay through to events. Charities that are already ahead of the curve on remote working have been sharing their learnings and resources about how to do it well. We will need more of that as this goes on—collaboration will make all of this easier.
The one thing we do know is that plans will change. Setting things in stone, developing detailed plans is not what we need here. We need a more fluid and emergent strategy. We will all be testing new ways of working and then abandoning them when they no longer work.
But the charity sector doesn't have a lot of spare capacity or resilience. We haven't been investing in technology—in terms of hardware, software or skills—so even relatively simple things like moving people to remote working will require some pain. We don't have HR teams with a lot of spare time to rewrite management guidance or flexible working policies. We don't have spare money to take the hit from cancelling events or fundraising dinners. Charities have tight cash flows and will find timing delays difficult.
Where charities need help
The policies that the government have announced for the charity sector therefore need to go further. The Business Loan Interruption Scheme should be extended to those charities who earn less than half of their income from trading. The Charity Commission should be helping charities by reducing paperwork rather than increasing it.
And our funders need to help us too. As we make clear in our upcoming power dynamics report, funders and charities are in a partnership. If charities go under, funders can't achieve their mission. Trusts and foundations have had a hit to their endowment as investments have fallen—but they are still in a better position than most charities. Flexibility from funders here will be key to making sure that charities don't feel there is an expectation on them to carry on doing work that might now be harmful—some funders have already written to charities to let them know that they expect delays to projects. London Funders has coordinated a response from funders in London saying they will be flexible, and it would be good to have more of this. In Italy, funders are talking about converting restricted grants into unrestricted grants (although, NPC would argue these should have been unrestricted grants in the first place).
Learning from others
We can also learn from funders that give in times of uncertainty more generally. A completely different context, but the unexpected election in December caused the UK Democracy Fund to give quick small grants, to allow work to get up and running within the six week election period. Or the Grenfell Tower disaster, where funders grouped together to give a quick and coordinated response. Similar funder collaboration—helping out with short term cashflow, giving people technology grants to buy more equipment, and giving core grants to those who will be most affected—would be really helpful.
The funder collaboration could go further, providing a one-stop-shop for notifications so that charities don't have to give an update to all their funders about how they are affected and what they will be changing. It could take some of the management burden off of charities in this challenging time.
The best way to get through this crisis is to think through what is the best thing I can do for the most vulnerable. Funders and the government need to be thinking about the most vulnerable charities, as well as the most vulnerable users.
We are facing an unprecedented challenge. NPC's @angiekail explains how the charity sector can adapt to coronavirus and how those who support us can also help. Full blog: Click To Tweet
Angela Kail leads the Research & Consulting team at NPC, driving the team's focus on impact and managing its operations.
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Helping philanthropists and charities through coronavirus
The country is in a very deep crisis. At NPC we are working with philanthropists and partners on how they can more effectively fund charities now, and we want to hear your ideas about what more can be done.
Why government and philanthropists must come together for charities now
By Dan Corry
The country is in a very deep crisis. We are working with philanthropists and partners on how they can more effectively fund charities now. And we want to hear more ideas about what can be done.
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APPLIED STRENGTH OF MATERIALS 6/e, SI Units Version provides coverage of basic strength of materials for students in Engineering Technology (4-yr and 2-yr) and uses only SI units. Emphasizing applications, problem solving, design of structural members, mechanical devices and systems, the book has been updated to include coverage of the latest tools, trends, and techniques. Color graphics support visual learning, and illustrate concepts and applications. Numerous instructor resources are offered, including a Solutions Manual, PowerPoint slides, Figure Slides of book figures, and extra problems. With SI units used exclusively, this text is ideal for all Technology programs outside the USA.


Deliciously salty, this soup features chunks of sweet potato, garlic, snap peas, cabbage and capellini pasta simmered in beef broth with a swirl of teriyaki sauce and sesame oil.
Bring broth and water to boil in a 4- to 5-quart pot. Stir in sweet potatoes and garlic. Reduce heat, cover and simmer 8 minutes or until potatoes are crisp-tender.
Stir in cabbage, increase heat to medium and boil gently 4 to 5 minutes. Stir in snap peas, capellini and teriyaki sauce. Boil 3 to 4 minutes more until potatoes and cabbage are tender and pasta is firm-tender. Stir in sesame oil. Serve garnished with sliced scallions. Snow peas and sweet potatoes offer a poignant contrast of texture and flavor.


Wiffle Ball is a Terrier Mix who has been through many health issues, lately cancer. His wish to spend a nice day with family is fulfilled by a kind person.
Watch Wiffle Ball meeting his new family and eating French fries in the car!
A Terrier mix named Wiffle Ball has been having a rough year. He has faced many health issues and all happened through one year only.
Richmond Animal League, a no-kill shelter in Virginia, received the poor pup. He was very sad and sick. After examination, they soon knew what makes Wiffle Ball that depressed, it was heartworms. Heartworms were very bad that they weren't sure if he could make it through.
He surprised everyone and survived the treatment, but he didn't feel good as expected. They found out that he was also suffering from pneumonia. The brave dog didn't give up too for this disease. He fought hard and managed to beat the illness and he was soon treated.
Wiffle Ball has been strong enough to recover from all these ordeals. Unfortunately, he didn't feel well again and diagnosed him. This time, they found that he was suffering from something he couldn't recover from, lymphoma.
Amy McCracken, of Richmond Animal League, has explained that she talked to the vet examining the canine. They discussed treatment options. Chemo would give 6-18 months. Palliative care in a loving home means six weeks-six months.
Amy explained how Wiffle Ball loved them and he trusted them for his best. They wanted him to spend this Christmas in a forever home. They first took him for a good day out and intended to take him out every day so he could enjoy as much as he can. Someone came to see him on Sunday and we will keep you updated!
SHARE and hope Wiffle Ball has already met his forever family!


Recently Otaku House polled nearly 2000 people to find out the top anime in 2012. Our survey asked anime fans to vote for the anime that they liked most that they are currently watching from any genre, by adding in their own choices. More than 2000 anime lovers responded with the favorite anime they are watching currently!
You may not agree with this list, but here are the top 25 anime!
Edging in at number 14. Guilty Crown's unidentified "Apocalypse Virus" not only spreads in Japan but captivates audiences all around the world. The anime is release in late 2011, and is a relatively new must watch anime.
Durarara!! ties with Guilty Crown at spot 14. This is another short Shonen anime (26 episodes) that features a bored teen moving to the city in search for adventure. He sure gets his fill when supernatural stuff greets him in Ikebukuro.
In Japan, Gintama is definitely in the top 3 and after four seasons, this is 'still' the anime that is a MUST watch for the crew at Otaku House. Though at spot 12, this is our top pick!
It is no small feat that Full Metal Alchemist is still here as it has been almost 10 years since it is first aired in 2003. After topping in both Japan and USA in the first few years of airing, FMA has finally moved out of the top 10 with a mere 1 vote. This shows the appeal and strength of the series.
Even though 'The Brotherhood' follows the manga more closely, we agree that the rhythm of the original FMA is better than the remake (The Brotherhood) which is way below at rank 29.


Horde for Life 163: Neck Beards Be Gone!
April Fool's has come and gone but this episode of the Horde for Life Podcast is no joke!
We do eventually get to the World of Warcraft and of course Legion patch 7.2 and spend the better part of two hours discussing a myriad of topics ranging from fake patch notes and server hopping to the chances of player created content in Warcraft (hint – not a chance in hades).
Drama ensues in this week's episode!
Not one but two cases of Warcraft drama are dissected, Rich catches Legion fever… and asks the listeners to help him select a new main.
It may be a slow start to the New Year but we have a nice and long 2 plus hour show to share with you this week. We start the show talking about the Legion "Alt Problem" and how each of us are dealing with it (some better than others!).
We then talk Legion patch 7.2 incoming and all its goodness from dungeons to PvP brawls and then continue our discussion talking about class balance and Blizzard's call out to the Warcraft community.
But it survives and offers a belated happy holiday as we discuss a myriad of topics from housing to Rich's retro game collection. Don't worry its mostly Warcraft related and Tika provides us with a special announcement!
Horde for Life 156: HiFi Watspot!


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Colleges to compete in debate
DETROIT (AP) — Teams from Central Michigan University, the University of Michigan-Flint, and Morehouse and Spelman colleges will compete in a debate hosted by the UAW-Ford in Detroit.
The two-round "Debate in the D" is scheduled to start at 10:30 a.m. Friday at Detroit Preparatory High School at Northwestern.
Each team will be represented by two debaters. One team will debate the affirmative of an issue while the other debates the opposition. Each exhibition will consist of four constructive speeches and two rebuttal speeches.
About 500 Detroit-area students are expected to watch the debate, which UAW-Ford also hosted last year as part of its community service initiatives.
Morehouse and Spelman colleges are located in Atlanta.
UAW-Ford is a collaboration of the United Auto Workers and Dearborn-based Ford Motor Co.


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*Theater review: 'Misalliance' at South Coast Repertory
September 19, 2010 | 12:41 pm
Like their creator, George Bernard Shaw's characters are blessed with the gift of scintillating gab. Words rarely fail them as they volley ideas, play devil's advocate, deal out paradoxes and indulge in ironic repartee.
The talk that constitutes "Misalliance," which is receiving a most attractive mounting at South Coast Repertory under the direction of Martin Benson, is like a river overflowing its banks. Not for nothing is this 1910 play subtitled "a debate in one sitting." One long sitting, actually, relieved by a necessary intermission. This may not represent Shaw at his most dramatically rewarding, but the wit and intelligence are compensations that only a true comic virtuoso could provide.
Momentous events occur at the impressive country house owned by John Tarleton (Dakin Matthews), a self-made titan in the underwear business who plays host to a curious parade of invited and uninvited guests. But these life-altering developments are largely an opportunity for characters to catch their breath as the wide-ranging conversation proceeds at full-gallop under a glass pavilion, an architectural extravagance that lends the impression of a hothouse of eccentric botanicals.
What has all those tongues wagging? At issue is the match between Hypatia Tarleton (Melanie Lora) and Bentley Summerhays (Wyatt Fenner). She's the fiercely independent daughter of John and Mrs. Tarleton (Ameilia White), exemplars of the moneyed middle class; he's the delicately strung son of Lord Summerhays (Richard Doyle), an old and highly regarded aristocrat who has returned to England after a long tenure of colonial service.
Hypatia, who has inherited her father's penchant for novel ideas even as she can't stand the way he blabbers on about them, argues that it's not wise to marry for love. Avid for experience after an upbringing that was as progressive as it was devoid of excitement, she wishes to maintain an upper hand in all her affairs.
In this respect, she has chosen wisely. Bentley, a squirmy, spoiled wisp of a thing, is apprenticing at the Tarleton underwear headquarters in his attempt at becoming a man, a test that Hypatia's smug, profit-oriented brother, John (Daniel Bess), is sure he will fail. (Fenner, shrilly playing up his character's annoying quirks, turns Bentley into an Oxbridge Pee-wee Herman.)
The misalliance of the title, however, has less to do with the union between the wealthy entrepreneurial class and the snobby, cash-short gentry than between parents and their offspring. The young and old are at loggerheads, and a perennial topic of concern is the proper manner of raising and educating children -- a problem that Shaw sees as directly analogous to the dilemma of shoring up an always-teetering democracy. (His voluble preface to the play lays out the connections in minute detail.)
Happily, the playwright injects a few notes of the surreal into this intellectualized romantic comedy. A recreational plane makes a crash landing that brings Joseph Percival (Peter Katona), a good-looking Oxford chum of Bentley's, and Lina Szczepanowska (Kirsten Potter), a Polish acrobat, into the mix to upset the amorous arrangements. And Julius Baker (the superb JD Cullum), a gun-toting clerk with a vendetta against the senior Tarleton for supposedly destroying his mother's life, also unexpectedly enters the scene, learning more than he cares to about these freethinking and, to him, morally dubious swells while hiding out in the newly installed Turkish bath. (Critic Kenneth Tynan once approvingly pointed to this latter plot point as proof of "the sheer mad Irishness" of the author.)
Benson, who has guided many Shaw productions during his long run as SCR's artistic director, keeps the comedy running smoothly and steadily. His actors aren't scrupulous with their accents, but I admired the unfussy competence and clarity of many of their comic characterizations.
Matthews brings his usual brio to the language, finding punch-line snap in dialogue that must be quite an aerobic workout to deliver. Doyle's Lord Summerhays and White's Mrs. Tarleton offer more than parental caricatures, topping off their neatly prepared types with fizzy contradictions. Lora vividly portrays the ingenue Hypatia with the prescribed devilish twist, and Potter and Cullum provide humorous exclamation marks.
On an indoor-outdoor set by Ralph Funicello that is truly one of the stars of the show, the droll drawing-room antics are allowed to frolic in an innovative garden ambiance. Maggie Morgan's costumes add color to scenery that, like Shaw's writing, imaginatively blends the natural with the artificial.
"Misalliance" doesn't culminate in the explosive synthesizing vision of "Heartbreak House," an ultimately more satisfying Shavian adventure. The squabbles between parents and children are never to be resolved, and thus the ending marks just a temporary cessation in what will forever be a garrulous conflict. But the high level of entertaining chatter remains as fresh as it must have been a century ago.
-- Charles McNulty
twitter.com\charlesmcnulty
"Misalliance." South Coast Repertory, 655 Town Center Drive, Costa Mesa. 7:30 p.m. Tuesdays-Wednesdays, 8 p.m. Thursdays-Fridays, 2:30 and 8 p.m. Saturdays, 2:30 and 7:30 p.m. Sundays. (Call for exceptions). Ends Oct 10. $28-$66. (714) 708-5555 or www.scr.org. Running time: 2 hours, 45 minutes.
Photos: Top: Dakin Matthews and Amelia White. Bottom: Melanie Lora and Richard Doyle. Credit: Allen J. Schaben / Los Angeles Times
RECENT AND RELATED:
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Home / News / Pharmacists urged to sell EC to adolescent girls
Pharmacists urged to sell EC to adolescent girls
October 9, 2018	News
BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI
Pharmacy logistics and research officer in the Health ministry, Witness Hussain, on Friday said the ministry recently conducted a cross-sectional study of more than 6 000 adolescent girls, which concluded that among other contributing factors, rendering of contraception was a challenge.
Speaking at the Pharmaceutical Society of Zimbabwe annual pharmacists' indaba (API) in Victoria Falls, Hussain said the 15 to 19-year age group was the most affected.
"We need to change the current attitudes of pharmacists on EC because we established that 50% would not give the pill to that child. Eighty percent of the pharmacists whose views were sought told us that awareness and easy rendering can lead to increased uptake and irresponsibility, but we say, do not punish the buyer, let them purchase the EC and I should repeat, there should not be special treatment," he said.
"All women are equal. Some view people who take morning-after [pill] as being loose. If you deny them, the consequences may be too hard on them as many revealed that they got chased away from home, face abandonment by the impregnator, sometimes leading to suicide or abortion.
"Maternal child mortality is at 10%, which are still births and premature births, because that child's pelvic area wouldn't have developed fully to carry a child, so give the girls an EC. It has no harm and also refer that girl child to other healthcare providers for continuing family planning and sexually transmitted infections management and HIV."
Hussain spoke at length on how pharmacists could contribute to protecting the girl child by maintaining adequate stocks, creating a welcoming environment and offering counselling services.
"We can only change the behaviour by engaging, not shunning them," he said
The logistics and research officer said child pregnancies were still high, mainly in rural areas such as Binga due to religious and traditional beliefs, stigmatisation, lack of harmonisation of law, that is, age of consent.
Lack of knowledge, poverty, peer pressure, sexual abuse, family background and death of both parents were other contributing factors they found during the research.
Early this year, deputy director for reproductive health in the Health ministry, Margret Nyandoro, urged women not to use the morning-after pill for birth control because continued use of the drug had devastating side effects, which she said could cause complications in pregnancy. The remarks were necessitated by a spike in the demand for EC.
Pharmacists at the conference, which ended on Saturday, said they were faced with acute drug shortages for chronic diseases such as diabetes as lack of foreign currency aggravated the situation.
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is an oocyte receptor, plays an imporant role in the fertilization of IZUMO1 , a sperm membrane bound protein. Fertilization is one of the crucial steps in sexual reproduction, the combination of male and female gametes to create life. The fusion of haploid sperm and ooctye is the defining step in mammalian fertilization, which leads to the formation of a diploid organism. A two-step process is needed for the combination of the two gametes; IZUMO1 recognizes the receptor on the egg surface of JUNO . After the egg surface reveals previously concealed receptors, an acrosome reaction take place. The plasma membranes are fused together. After fertilization has occured, the zone pellucida which is a specialized extracellular matrix and oolemma which is a plasmid membrane in the ovum are changed biochemically. This step causes the rejection of any additional incoming, sperm which could potentially create nonviable embryos.
JUNO contains eight , α 1-8 and four , β 1-4 forming a single globular fold. These core complexes are stabilized by eight disulfide bonds that are conserved among FRs 10,11, riboflavin-binding protein 12, and JUNO . A glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, cysteine-rich glycoprotein receptor (FR) for IZUMO1 that is located on the egg's surface. Due to the folate binding pocket in FRs, there are corresponding hydrophobic interactions.
and exist in a 1:1 crystal complex, that stabilizes during the gamete fusion process. IZUMO1 , similar to JUNO , contains α helices that are important factors in the adhesion of the sperm. It has three domains, the containing α helices, a region, and the immunoglobulin-like domain. Their interface comprises of IZUMO1 regions of α helices 2 and 3, central β-hairpin regions 1,2,8, and 9, and JUNO α helices 1,2 and 3. The main platform for JUNO binding is the β-hairpin region of IZUMO1 . Crystal structures have shown that residues from all three IZUMO1 domains interact with JUNO through hydrophobic, van der Waals, and aromatic interactions.
When binding to the egg-surface receptor, Human IZUMO1 forms a high-affinity complex with JUNO , causing a confirmational change in the N-terminus and hinge region. The helices of the N-terminal region move about 20Å towards JUNO , and the β-hairpin region shift about 8Å. Causing the formation of IZUMO1 to change from a boomerang shape to an upright position.
Fertilization is a fundamental and necessary step in sexual reproduction, that involve the binding of the sperm and egg. This process causes the complex to undergo a confirmational change. Without the fusion of the two, fertilization will not happen and the creation of a genetically distinct dipolid organism will not happen. For the sperm to bind to the egg, there is a two-step mechanism which involves the IZUMO1 protein recognizing the receptor on the egg surface of JUNO . The fusion of two plasma membranes is next.
The final step in fertilization is when the sperm travels to the egg and reaches the the female oviduct, a tube an ovum or egg passes through from the ovary. This involves the sperm breaking through the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer, the plasma membrane, to reach the space between the zona layer and the plasma membrane of the oocyte. The fusion of the sperm and the membrane then allow the formation of the zygote. Subsequently, the fertilized egg quickly sheds the JUNO molecules to neutralize incoming acrosome-reacted sperm, and prevent polyspermy.
To confirm the structure of IZUMO1 - JUNO binding, studies were conducted to determine what was necessary for binding. The results revealed that the amino acid residues, W62 JUNO and L81 JUNO , are conserved in most mammalian species. Single or multiple mutations in the binding inferace between JUNO and IZUMO1 have been shown to affect the sperm's ability to bind to the egg. Together, the hydrophobic aromatic, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions stabilize the IZUMO1 - JUNO interface, allowing them to become resilient to mutations.
. These residues are considered to have the same ability to limit the binding of IZUMO1 and JUNO in specific species.
Gunasekera, Angelo, Yon W. Ebright, and Richard Ohto, Umeharu, et al. "Structure of IZUMO1–JUNO Reveals Sperm–Oocyte Recognition during Mammalian Fertilization." Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 15 June 2016, www.nature.com/articles/nature18596#supplementary-information.
Aydin, Halil, et al. "Molecular Architecture of the Human Sperm IZUMO1 and Egg JUNO Fertilization Complex." Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 15 June 2016, www.nature.com/articles/nature18595#f2.
Bianchi, Enrica, et al. "Juno Is the Egg Izumo Receptor and Is Essential for Mammalian Fertilization." Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 16 Apr. 2014, www.nature.com/articles/nature13203.


Mt. Aoba is a mountain between Takahama-cho in Fukui Prefecture and Maizuru City in Kyoto. This mountain has twin peaks, the east peak of Mt. Hakusan (693m) and the west peak (692m). When viewed from the coastline in Takahama-cho, the eastern part of the mountain has a distinctly triangular shape. Because the mountain isn't a part of any range, the isolated peak of Mt. Aoba stands out in the horizon. I always wanted go hiking to Mt. Aoba and I finally went there on April 16th, 2017.
I followed the direction in the publication of the group of walking in the mountain in Fukui, "Why don't you go hiking in the mountains in Fukui? Vol.7". I hiked in the loop course in which I started from Nakayama-guchi, walked into Imadera settlement after walking along the east peak and the west peak, walked on a public road at the foot of the mountain, and went back to Nakayama-guchi. Mt. Aoba is a great mountain because there are varieties of roads that the hikeres can enjoy with the great views. Mt. Aoba has mountain trails, ridge lines, and the rock ridge area which was thrilling for me. The hikers can also enjoy beautiful flowers on the way going back from the end point of the hiking course to the parking lot.
First, searching "Aobayama Herbal Village" in a car navigation system ("Aobayama Seishonen Ryoko Mura, Aobayama Camp Site" was renovated to reopen as "Aobayama Herbal Village" in May, 2016.
Although in the publication, "Why don't you go hiking in the mountains in Fukui? Vol.7", it says that visitors can park cars at the parking lot of "Aobayama Seishonen Ryoko Mura (Aobayama Camp Site), there was a sign said the cars should be parked at another parking lot up ahead when visiting Aobayama Herbal Village. Therefore, at the paking lot in the photograph above, I only used the bathroom. And then, I went to the other parking lot near the starting point (Nakayama-guchi). The orange arrow in the photograph above indicates the starting point (Nakayama-guchi).
At 5:07pm, I enjoyed listening to the sound of nightingale and pheasant, and I also enjoyed watching moneys as well on my way going back to the parking lot at Nakayama-guchi where I started hiking from.


Independent" - Filmmaker Magazine". After acquiring, odeon Cinemas, UCI Cinemas, and, carmike Cinemas in 2016, it became the largest movie theater chain in the world, and also the largest in the United States, 4 with 2,200 screens in 244 theatres in Europe and over 8,200 screens in 661 theatres. Along with their main AMC brand, previously AMC has operated locations under the Loews, Starplex, Showcase, and Magic (Johnson) Theatres names, among others, but as of February 28, 2017 have started phasing those brands out along with Carmike's own brands (Carmike, Muvico, Digiplex, Sundance, and. Prime at AMC edit Introduced in March 2017, and was designed for smaller locations that cannot support an imax or Dolby Cinema system.
Aron will also be a member of the company's board of directors. Announces Fourth Quarter and Year-End 2017 Results" (PDF) (Press release). AMC Stubs members also receive a free size upgrade with every popcorn and drink they purchase (for example, an AMC Stubs member can get a large popcorn for the price of a regular). Not to be confused with, aMC Networks.
499 onwards Exclusive Funny Buzzness presents Go Straight Take left - A comedy Sketch with Sumukhi Suresh and Naveen Richard Heart Cup Coffee: Jubille Hills Stand-Up Comedy. He renamed Durwood Theatres as American Royal Cinema on October 1, 1968. Hotel Transylvania 3: A Monster Vacation. M dead link "AMC taco cabana birthday coupon Theatres, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 21, 2012". "Investor Relations - Corporate Profile - AMC Theatres". AMC had built and was operating a number of 10-screen multiplex cinemas in the United Kingdom, including sites at locations such as Dudley and Tamworth. A b c Kenneth Ofgang. Retrieved December 21, 2016. AMC Entertainment and Kerasotes Theatres Announce Entry Into Definitive Agreement Archived at the Wayback Machine., AMC Entertainment, January 19, 2010 Kerasotes Plans Sale of Theatres to AMC, m, January 22, 2010 "Showplace Icon Theatres". "AMC Theatres, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date May 4, 2007" (PDF). Air Force during, world War.


text:
Home BOX OFFICE BOX OFFICE MESS: 'Ungli' Release To Be Postponed To 2014?
BOX OFFICE MESS: 'Ungli' Release To Be Postponed To 2014?
Karan Johar postponed the release of his production 'Ungli' so that Rajkumar Santoshi-directed 'Phata Poster Nikhla Hero' would have a clear release. But that has landed 'Ungli' in trouble.
MUMBAI: Karan Johar did his good deed by giving Rajkumar Santoshi's 'Phata Poster Nikhla Hero' a free run at the box-office after shifting the release date of his production 'Ungli'. Both had clashing dates at 20 September.
But now the film, which stars Emraan Hashmi, Kangna Ranaut and Sanjay Dutt, is finding it hard to fix a release date.
With most releases already scheduled right up to the month of December, 'Ungli' is in a tight spot. To add to the woes, the films that have fixed release dates aren't small films but huge ones, like 'Besharam', 'Krrish 3', 'Highway', 'Dhoom 3', 'Rambo Rajkumar', 'Ram Leela', among others.
Right now, two possibilities lay before 'Ungli'. It could either wait and look for a release date in 2014, or share a release date with another film this year. However, the latter doesn't look possible.
A source says, "'Ungli' is an important social drama. Everybody has put in a lot of hard work in the project. The makers don't want it to be a blink-and-miss release. The film may release early next year."
The film, directed by Rensil D'silva, is his sophomore directorial effort after 'Kurbaan'. Meanwhile Dharma Productions has one more release this year besides 'Ungli' in 'Gori Tere Pyaar Mein'.
With so many films releasing now, it looks like it is becoming increasingly difficult to have just one film released on any particular Friday. Many films in the past few months, like 'Chennai Express', 'Once Upon A Time In Mumbai Dobaara', 'Satyagraha' and those in the near future like 'Phata Poster Nikhla Hero', 'Shuddh Desi Romance' have shifted their release dates up and down.
Looks like from now on, studios will have to decide release dates at least a couple years prior to stay ahead of the competition.
kangna ranaut
Phata Poster Nikhla Hero
Rajkumar Santoshi
Rensil D'Silva
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Box Office: Sohum Shah's Tumbbad Rakes In 65 lakhs On Day One!
Box Office: Gold To Become Akshay Kumar's Highest Opening Day Ever!


Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
Use your own iron and machine stitch or hand-sew.
8504 N. St. Michael's Rd.
10 badge style Green Scapulars.
Pre-cut felt wool squares, iron-on images, cord.
**Our listing of the vendors above implies no endorsement of any theological position and is meant only to provide information on obtaining supplies at lowest cost to our members.
Middy braid is used for the Brown, Green and Red Scapulars.
You should use no larger than ¼ wide.


text:
Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1
Austin R. Jackson, Venkatesh L. Hegde, Prakash S. Nagarkatti, Mitzi Nagarkatti
Endocannabinoids are lipid-signaling molecules found in the nervous system; however, their precise role in the periphery is unclear. In the current study, we observed that a single i.p. administration of AEA caused rapid induction of MDSCs. The MDSCs contained a mixture of granulocytic and monocytic subtypes and expressed Arg-1 and iNOS. The MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro and used iNOS to mediate their effect. Moreover, adoptive transfer of MDSCs led to suppression of mBSA-induced DTH. Through the use of pharmacological inhibition, as well as genetic knockout mice, we found that the induction of MDSCs by AEA was CB1-dependent. The induction of MDSCs by AEA was reduced significantly in mast cell-deficient mice, while maintained in LPS-insensitive mice, showing that the induction of MDSCs by AEA was dependent, at least in part, on mast cells and independent of TLR4. Chemokine analysis of AEA- treated WT mice showed an early spike of MCP-1, which was decreased in KitW/W-sh mice, showing a role of mast cells in the secretion of MCP-1 in response to AEA. Also, use of antibodies against MCP-1 or mice deficient in MCP-1 confirmed the role played by MCP-1. Interestingly, MCP-1 played a significant role in the induction of monocytic but not granulocytic MDSCs. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that endocannaboinids activate CB1 on mast cells to induce MCP-1, which facilitates recruitment of monocytic MDSCs.
https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0613350
Anandamide
Chemokine
Monocytic MDSCs
10.1189/jlb.0613350
Dive into the research topics of 'Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Endocannabinoids Medicine & Life Sciences 91%
Mast Cells Medicine & Life Sciences 72%
Adoptive Transfer Medicine & Life Sciences 9%
Chemokines Medicine & Life Sciences 7%
Knockout Mice Medicine & Life Sciences 7%
Nervous System Medicine & Life Sciences 6%
Pharmacology Medicine & Life Sciences 5%
Jackson, A. R., Hegde, V. L., Nagarkatti, P. S., & Nagarkatti, M. (2014). Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 95(4), 609-619. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0613350
Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1. / Jackson, Austin R.; Hegde, Venkatesh L.; Nagarkatti, Prakash S. et al.
In: Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Vol. 95, No. 4, 04.2014, p. 609-619.
Jackson, AR, Hegde, VL, Nagarkatti, PS & Nagarkatti, M 2014, 'Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1', Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 609-619. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0613350
Jackson AR, Hegde VL, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2014 Apr;95(4):609-619. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0613350
Jackson, Austin R. ; Hegde, Venkatesh L. ; Nagarkatti, Prakash S. et al. / Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1. In: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2014 ; Vol. 95, No. 4. pp. 609-619.
@article{55ef07f57e22461fb30e674dfcf3cb9e,
title = "Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1",
abstract = "Endocannabinoids are lipid-signaling molecules found in the nervous system; however, their precise role in the periphery is unclear. In the current study, we observed that a single i.p. administration of AEA caused rapid induction of MDSCs. The MDSCs contained a mixture of granulocytic and monocytic subtypes and expressed Arg-1 and iNOS. The MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro and used iNOS to mediate their effect. Moreover, adoptive transfer of MDSCs led to suppression of mBSA-induced DTH. Through the use of pharmacological inhibition, as well as genetic knockout mice, we found that the induction of MDSCs by AEA was CB1-dependent. The induction of MDSCs by AEA was reduced significantly in mast cell-deficient mice, while maintained in LPS-insensitive mice, showing that the induction of MDSCs by AEA was dependent, at least in part, on mast cells and independent of TLR4. Chemokine analysis of AEA- treated WT mice showed an early spike of MCP-1, which was decreased in KitW/W-sh mice, showing a role of mast cells in the secretion of MCP-1 in response to AEA. Also, use of antibodies against MCP-1 or mice deficient in MCP-1 confirmed the role played by MCP-1. Interestingly, MCP-1 played a significant role in the induction of monocytic but not granulocytic MDSCs. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that endocannaboinids activate CB1 on mast cells to induce MCP-1, which facilitates recruitment of monocytic MDSCs.",
keywords = "Anandamide, CB1, Chemokine, Monocytic MDSCs",
author = "Jackson, {Austin R.} and Hegde, {Venkatesh L.} and Nagarkatti, {Prakash S.} and Mitzi Nagarkatti",
doi = "10.1189/jlb.0613350",
journal = "Journal of Leukocyte Biology",
publisher = "FASEB",
T1 - Characterization of endocannabinoid-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells involving mast cells and MCP-1
AU - Jackson, Austin R.
AU - Hegde, Venkatesh L.
AU - Nagarkatti, Prakash S.
AU - Nagarkatti, Mitzi
N2 - Endocannabinoids are lipid-signaling molecules found in the nervous system; however, their precise role in the periphery is unclear. In the current study, we observed that a single i.p. administration of AEA caused rapid induction of MDSCs. The MDSCs contained a mixture of granulocytic and monocytic subtypes and expressed Arg-1 and iNOS. The MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro and used iNOS to mediate their effect. Moreover, adoptive transfer of MDSCs led to suppression of mBSA-induced DTH. Through the use of pharmacological inhibition, as well as genetic knockout mice, we found that the induction of MDSCs by AEA was CB1-dependent. The induction of MDSCs by AEA was reduced significantly in mast cell-deficient mice, while maintained in LPS-insensitive mice, showing that the induction of MDSCs by AEA was dependent, at least in part, on mast cells and independent of TLR4. Chemokine analysis of AEA- treated WT mice showed an early spike of MCP-1, which was decreased in KitW/W-sh mice, showing a role of mast cells in the secretion of MCP-1 in response to AEA. Also, use of antibodies against MCP-1 or mice deficient in MCP-1 confirmed the role played by MCP-1. Interestingly, MCP-1 played a significant role in the induction of monocytic but not granulocytic MDSCs. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that endocannaboinids activate CB1 on mast cells to induce MCP-1, which facilitates recruitment of monocytic MDSCs.
AB - Endocannabinoids are lipid-signaling molecules found in the nervous system; however, their precise role in the periphery is unclear. In the current study, we observed that a single i.p. administration of AEA caused rapid induction of MDSCs. The MDSCs contained a mixture of granulocytic and monocytic subtypes and expressed Arg-1 and iNOS. The MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro and used iNOS to mediate their effect. Moreover, adoptive transfer of MDSCs led to suppression of mBSA-induced DTH. Through the use of pharmacological inhibition, as well as genetic knockout mice, we found that the induction of MDSCs by AEA was CB1-dependent. The induction of MDSCs by AEA was reduced significantly in mast cell-deficient mice, while maintained in LPS-insensitive mice, showing that the induction of MDSCs by AEA was dependent, at least in part, on mast cells and independent of TLR4. Chemokine analysis of AEA- treated WT mice showed an early spike of MCP-1, which was decreased in KitW/W-sh mice, showing a role of mast cells in the secretion of MCP-1 in response to AEA. Also, use of antibodies against MCP-1 or mice deficient in MCP-1 confirmed the role played by MCP-1. Interestingly, MCP-1 played a significant role in the induction of monocytic but not granulocytic MDSCs. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that endocannaboinids activate CB1 on mast cells to induce MCP-1, which facilitates recruitment of monocytic MDSCs.
KW - Anandamide
KW - CB1
KW - Chemokine
KW - Monocytic MDSCs
U2 - 10.1189/jlb.0613350
DO - 10.1189/jlb.0613350
JO - Journal of Leukocyte Biology
JF - Journal of Leukocyte Biology


text:
Q: How to handle special characters in Snowpipe (SNOWFLAKE) (Posting this Q&A sequence in SO as I'm sure some newer users may be running into similar "speed bumps". -G)

How to handle special characters in Snowpipe
I am creating snowpipe based on csv file. my csv file contain special characters in few columns. Please let me know how to write select statement in snowpipe that will take care of any special characters.

A: To handle special characters you need to escape them.
There are 2 ways to escape special characters, but unfortunately each of them requires you to modify the file
1) you can escape a special character by duplicating it (so to escape a ' you make it a '')
2) when defining your file format you can add ESCAPE parameter to define an explicit escape character. For example, you could use ESCAPE='\\' and then add a single \ character before each of the special characters you want to escape.

A: The snowpipe command embeds the copy statement which can contain a select statement (transformation), and we can use string functions to remove the special character.
/* Data load with transformation */
COPY INTO [<namespace>.]<table_name> [ ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> ... ] ) ]
     FROM ( SELECT [<alias>.]$<file_col_num>[.<element>] [ , [<alias>.]$<file_col_num>[.<element>] ... ]
            FROM { internalStage | externalStage } )
[ FILES = ( '<file_name>' [ , '<file_name>' ] [ , ... ] ) ]
[ PATTERN = '<regex_pattern>' ]
[ FILE_FORMAT = ( { FORMAT_NAME = '[<namespace>.]<file_format_name>' |
                    TYPE = { CSV | JSON | AVRO | ORC | PARQUET | XML } [ formatTypeOptions ] } ) ]

The above command is part of following url "https://docs.snowflake.net/manuals/sql-reference/sql/copy-into-table.html".

NOTE: I'd be interested to see if anyone else has utilized an alternative solution with success...  -G

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
StorageMart > Blog: Life Unboxed > StorageMart Stories > Stella Moves Forward | StorageMart
Stella Moves Forward | StorageMart
Artie Petro / Dec 22, 2020 / StorageMart Stories
Stella Moves Forward
A Story About the Power of Positivity in Difficult Times
Batteries and bread. These are the two items Stella asked for when her manager offered to bring supplies over from Houston to Lake Charles, Louisiana in the aftermath of a recent hurricane. For someone who had just lost half of her home in a violent storm, it was a surprisingly modest request.
But if you'd known Stella for the last eight years – the way her regional manager, Angel Morales, has – you might not find her response all that unusual. That's because anyone who knows Stella understands she's no stranger to adversity and she's never been one to let obstacles – even hurricanes – dampen her resolve.
When the next hurricane damaged the transmission of her only vehicle, rendering it impossible to go in reverse, Stella did what she'd always done. She moved forward. And she did it with a smile on her face and with the same dedication to hard work, determination, and positivity that she'd always poured into everything.
That's when Angel felt inspired to take matters into his own hands. As one of the longest-tenured regional managers in the StorageMart family, Angel has worked with dozens of team members, many of whom shared Stella's drive and commitment. So, when he recognized a perfectly timed opportunity to help out a fellow team member, he knew what he wanted to do.
Scheduled to receive a new company vehicle to use for his commute between StorageMart locations in Houston and Lake Charles, Angel decided he wanted to purchase the old van from the company so he could donate it directly to Stella.
As word spread of his intentions, the company agreed that Stella was deserving of this gift, but they disagreed with Angel on one key point. StorageMart would shoulder the expense of the van, not Angel. Instead, Angel would be the one to present the gift to Stella and watch her move forward with her head held high, just like she's always done.
Relive the Moment for Yourself
As we near the end of a year that has been difficult for so many of us, we thought you might like to share in Stella's joy as she receives her gift from Angel and StorageMart. Please enjoy the video, and feel free to stop in and say hello to Stella if you find yourself near her store in Southwest Louisiana.
Newsweek Recognizes StorageMart for Best Customer Service
This Woman Meant Business
Women in Business Spotlight: Kim Flower


You'll always here about bad encounters with vehicle rental places getting a minefield of hidden extras and also the methods to catch get you started and take really your hard earned dollars.
You will be required to sign accommodations agreement when choosing your hired vehicle. Be sure that you see this and understand what the positioning are.
If you showed up at collect the hired vehicle, be sure that you inspect the automobile for damages and do this with an employee within the vehicle hire business. Make certain that any existing damage is noted with the worker on your own to be able to Not attributed for your damages on return in the vehicle. If you are able to possess a handful of photos before departing for evidence.
Before departing the rental depot, be sure that you comprehend the vehicle and the way everything works. Otherwise make certain while using staff who are able to help.
Ensure the automobile rental company understands what you are while using the vehicle for and what your location is traveling.
Before departing while using vehicle ensure if you want to fill the automobile support with a lot gas therefore it chosen or support getting a complete tank. Exactly like you have this wrong you will be billed more than exactly what it would cost filling yourself.


Looking For Lawn & Grounds Maintenance?
De La Cruz Yard & Garden Mntnc, Lawn & Grounds Maintenance, listed under "Lawn & Grounds Maintenance" category, is located at Salinas CA, 93901 and can be reached by 8315950794 phone number. De La Cruz Yard & Garden Mntnc has currently 0 reviews.
Browse all Lawn & Grounds Maintenance in Salinas CA. Discover census data for Salinas, CA.


text:
Q: Symfony dynamic model form template I am developing symfony based web application. I have many Models (Laptop, Netbook, Ipad,Tablet.... all these models inherited from Product model).Based on these models I also have Forms (LaptopForm, NetbookForm...so on).
In my action class I get Model name and assign it to template :
 $modelForm = $this->modelName.'Form';

 $this->form = new $modelForm();

Then in my template I do that <?php echo $form ?> ..There is no problem it prints all fields and labels in html table.
But my problem is that I want to divide template in to 2 parts. General and special fieldset.In general fields set i want to display Product model fields(name,price...).But Special field set changes according to product type. How I can handle this special fields set?Can someone give a clue or source please?
Thanks in advance!

A: You can manage it manually, in your specialized form class (not alter the base class).
Perhaps, with the use of sfWidgetFormSchema :
http://www.symfony-project.org/forms/1_4/en/A-Widgets#chapter_a_sfwidgetformschema
You have to name the widget 'general' and 'special', for a stanhdard re-use in form template, like this :
<?php echo $form['general'] ?>
<?php echo $form['special'] ?>


There are multiple ways to leverage environments the outdoor of your house, as the disney bungalows, balcony, terrace or garden. If you have a minimum area of 90 cm x 1.50 m it is possible to create a cozy reading area by placing a small armchair and a side table that serves as support. Another alternative to achieve moments of rest in the open air is to opt for a hanging chair accompanied by a small bench. If you want a more social space, place a round table and two seats.
If it is more spacious, there is a room consisting of an armchair with two bodies and a couple of benches. In a large disney bungalows, you have the option of dividing the space by zones to develop different activities. You can have a room incorporating a sofa of one or two bodies, two stools or poufs and a coffee table; and show off a dining room, integrating a table and chairs or long benches.
Decorate your outdoor disney bungalows as a family dining room with a large dining table, separate fireplace and a built-in bar system. Hang the gauze curtains between the porch rails of privacy and the environment. If space allows, including a comfortable sofa or outdoor chairs with cushioned cushions as part of the overall design.


text:
Палаццо Барбариго делла Терацца () — палаццо в Венеции, расположенный в районе Сан-Поло, с видом на Гранд-канал, рядом с Палаццо Пизани-Моретта. Построен в 1568-1569 годы по заказу знатного семейства Барбариго.

Описание
В 1739 году состоялся брак между Филиппо Барбариго, представителем семьи, владеющей дворцом, и Кьярой Пизани Моретта, принадлежащей семье, которая в то время владела соседним зданием. После этого два здания были соединены с помощью воздушных проходов, которые позволяли переходить из одного здания в другое через узкую улицу, разделяющую их, под названием Рамо Пизани Барбариго. Проходы все еще существуют, но были замурованы, так как в настоящее время здания принадлежат разным владельцам.

Здание было разделено и неоднократно меняло собственника. Сегодня здесь находится Немецкий центр венецианских исследований (основанный в 1972 году) и гостиница на нижних этажах, а второй этаж принадлежит семье Лоредан.

См. также
 Список дворцов Венеции

Ссылки

Примечания

Барбариго делла Терацца
Здания и сооружения Сан-Поло
Дворцы, построенные в XVI веке

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package com.facebook.buck.cxx.toolchain;

import com.facebook.buck.core.model.BuildTarget;
import com.facebook.buck.core.model.Flavor;
import com.facebook.buck.core.model.TargetConfiguration;
import com.facebook.buck.core.model.UnconfiguredBuildTargetView;
import com.facebook.buck.core.rules.BuildRule;
import com.facebook.buck.core.rules.BuildRuleResolver;
import com.google.common.base.Verify;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;

/** Used to provide a {@link CxxPlatform} that is specified as a cxx_toolchain build target. */
public class ProviderBasedUnresolvedCxxPlatform implements UnresolvedCxxPlatform {
  private final UnconfiguredBuildTargetView unconfiguredBuildTarget;
  private final Flavor flavor;

  public ProviderBasedUnresolvedCxxPlatform(
      UnconfiguredBuildTargetView unconfiguredBuildTarget, Flavor flavor) {
    this.unconfiguredBuildTarget = unconfiguredBuildTarget;
    this.flavor = flavor;
  }

  @Override
  public CxxPlatform resolve(BuildRuleResolver resolver, TargetConfiguration targetConfiguration) {
    BuildRule rule = resolver.getRule(unconfiguredBuildTarget.configure(targetConfiguration));
    Verify.verify(
        rule instanceof ProvidesCxxPlatform, "%s isn't a cxx_platform rule", rule.getBuildTarget());
    return ((ProvidesCxxPlatform) rule).getPlatformWithFlavor(flavor);
  }

  @Override
  public Flavor getFlavor() {
    return flavor;
  }

  @Override
  public UnresolvedCxxPlatform withFlavor(Flavor hostFlavor) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
  }

  @Override
  public Iterable<BuildTarget> getParseTimeDeps(TargetConfiguration targetConfiguration) {
    return ImmutableList.of(unconfiguredBuildTarget.configure(targetConfiguration));
  }

  @Override
  public Iterable<? extends BuildTarget> getLinkerParseTimeDeps(
      TargetConfiguration targetConfiguration) {
    return ImmutableList.of(unconfiguredBuildTarget.configure(targetConfiguration));
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The result looks a bit like someone crossbred the Novation Launchpad and Circuit range with the hands-on, analog approach of Dreadbox synths like (most recently) the Hades monosynth we saw in the fall. This time, the Athens-based maker Dreadbox has enlisted the help of Poland's Polyend, who make the SEQ sequencer.
We'll see – looks like one of the more interesting product launches this year.
Tip of the hat to our friends at Synth Anatomy on this one!