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DISTRICT ATTORNEY PAT LYKOS CONTINUES NEW ERA OF PROSECUTORIAL REFORM IN HARRIS COUNTY
Posted By: John Floyd
Category: Federal Criminal Law
Successful Batson Challenge Reveals Racial Discrimination in Harris County Jury Selection
By: Houston Criminal Defense Attorney John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair
Assistant District Attorneys Mark Donnelly and Rifian Newaz are considered seasoned, professional prosecutors by their colleagues in the Harris County District Attorney's Office. Many Harris County defense attorneys also hold the prosecutors in high professional esteem. In fact, we recently paid tribute to ADA Donnelly for his recent professional efforts to undo the tragic wrong done to Ricardo Rachell who was wrongfully convicted and who spent six years in prison for the aggravated sexual assault of a child.
But this level of professional respect did not spare the two prosecutors from the reform rod of newly-elected District Attorney Pat Lykos. Determined to remove the District Attorney's Office from the ugly specter of corruption, mismanagement, and racism that characterized the prosecutor's office under her predecessor, Charles "Chuck" Rosenthal, DA Lykos took the recent extraordinary action of publicly chastising and reprimanding Donnelly and Newaz for their handling of jury selection in the case of Ricky Whitfield, a black defendant charged with murder.
The two prosecutors used seven of their 10 jury strikes to remove seven blacks from the jury pool. The end result was an all-white jury. This jury result did not set well—and rightly so—with Whitfield's attorneys, Jacquelyn Carpenter and Eric Davis. They promptly filed a Batson motion under the Supreme Court decision in Batson v. Kentucky that imposed a three-step evaluation test on a trial judge to be utilized in determining whether a prosecutor's use of jury strikes constitutes intentional racial discrimination.
According to the Houston Chronicle (March 27, 2009), Donnelly and Newaz responded to the Batson motion by telling District Judge Jeannine Barr that the black prospective jurors were eliminated because they were "indecisive about whether the criminal justice system should punish or rehabilitate [and] they didn't want indecision in the jury room," reported the Chronicle.
Judge Barr did not like smell of that fish. She granted the Batson motion, dismissed the selected jury, and reset the Whitfield's trial for June 2009.
This turn of events did not set well with DA Lykos. She instructed Terrance Windham, the division chief charged with the responsibility of overseeing prosecutors in the county's 22 criminal courts, to investigate the matter. The Chronicle reported that Windham, who is black, concluded that Donnelly and Newaz hadn't intended to select a jury of 10 whites, two Hispanics, and a white alternate.
"They were shocked when the 12 people were called from the panel to the jury box," Windham told the Chronicle. "They were shocked that they didn't see any African-Americans. That's when they realized they had stricken all the African-Americans from the jury."
Former President Bill Clinton once said that "you can put wings on a pig, but you don't make it an eagle." Defense attorney Carter knows that a pig is a pig no matter how much lipstick you slap on it. She told the Chronicle that the prosecutors had relied on the traditional prosecutorial notion—fueled by racial stereotyping—that whites are more conservative and blacks are more liberal.
"I'm not excluding them from having some sort of racial motivating factor, but I'm not calling them racists," she told the newspaper. "I don't think they're part of the Ku Klux Klan, running around in white sheets."
Co-counsel Eric Davis agreed with Carter. "You can strike a juror for any reason, but there is a law that says you can't do it on the basis of race, and the judge agreed and sustained [our] objection," he told the Chronicle. "The judge said it didn't look good, and she sustained the objection, the Batson challenge."
Whatever the reasons that led to the all-white jury being selected, Lykos was apparently not pleased with that result. Saying both Donnelly and Newaz were negligent and incompetent for allowing such a result to occur, she docked their pay and removed them from trial work.
"I assume full responsibility for the incompetence of these two prosecutors," the district attorney told the Chronicle. "There is not invidious racism involved here, but negligence or incompetence, if you will. If I thought for a moment that there were racial motives, they would have been fired."
Although former ADA Paul Doyle and others criticized Lykos' decision, Mark Bennett, president of the Harris County Criminal Lawyers Association, defended the district attorney.
"I can't think of a case under previous administrations where prosecutors were disciplined for doing something that hurt or could have hurt the rights of the accused," he told the Chronicle. "It's an encouraging sign that (Lykos) is interested in trying to make things right and trying to make the system work fairly for all of the citizens of Harris County, not just the rich, white ones."
DA Lykos has legitimate reasons for concern about how juries are selected in Harris County. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals recently reversed the conviction and death sentence of a black defendant, Anthony Cardell Haynes, who was convicted for the capital murder of a peace officer acting in the lawful discharge of his official duties.
Unlike the Whitfield case that involved impermissible prosecutorial tactics, the Haynes case involved the unacceptable manner in which two criminal district court judges handled the jury selection process. The Fifth Circuit reported "Judge Wallace presided at the beginning of the jury selection process when the jurors were addressed and questioned as a group; Judge Harper presided during the next stage in which attorneys questioned the prospective jurors individually; and Judge Wallace presided again during the final stage in which peremptory challenges were exercised and when Batson challenges were made, considered, and ruled upon."
On direct appeal to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Haynes' defense attorneys complained that since Judge Wallace had not observed the questioning of prospective jurors—their demeanor, body language, responses, attitudes, and characteristics—he could not adequately assess the veracity of the prosecutor's explanations for striking four prospective black jurors. The defense attorney's argument was premised on the fundamental requirement of Batson that the trial judge must directly evaluate the challenged juror's statements, responses and demeanor in order to make a fair Batson determination.
The Fifth Circuit held that because Judge Wallace had made his Batson ruling from a "cold paper record" and not from a personal "demeanor-based observation" his ruling was not entitled to federal court deference. The appeals court ordered Lykos' office retry Haynes within 180 days from its ruling or release him from custody.
The U.S. Supreme Court has held for decades that a criminal defendant is entitled to a jury that represents a "fair cross-section of the community." Even if African-Americans as a group are generally considered more "liberal" in their thinking on crime and punishment than their more "conservative" white counterparts, a prejudice that will most likely backfire if blindly relied upon in a real trial setting, prosecutors and judges must come to grips with the inescapable reality that they cannot exclude that any group for racially motivated reasons; that the constitutional right of brown, black and white defendants to a jury that represents a fair cross-section of the community trumps their "conservative" political agenda. Not to mention the rights of the potential jurors, who have often waited half a day to serve their civic duty, to be judge on the content of their character not just the color of their skin.
While most prosecutors and many judges would prefer seating Rush Limbaugh-listening white jurors, the law of even conservative federal appellate courts like the Fifth Circuit and the demographics of Harris County that influenced Lykos' decision-making have made this "old" preference a fixture of past sins. Chuck Rosenthal and Johnny Holmes are no longer district attorneys in Harris County. They have been put out to pasture where old cows go to chew the cud and old cowboys go to regret before they die.
Perhaps the Harris County criminal justice system now has "hope" it can "truly believe in." For those of us like Mark Bennett who believe in a fair and equitable justice system, the Whitfield and Haynes decisions have given some cautious optimism in what remains a very difficult environment to try a criminal case.
LEGAL CITES:
Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986)
Haynes v. Quarterman, 2009 U.S.App. LEXIS 5563 (5th Cir. March 10, 2009).
Take the first step toward protecting your freedom by contacting us now:
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The State of Texas vs. DC
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Client was involved in an altercation with his better half that resulted in allegations of a belt and scissors being used in ways they were not necessarily intended. The allegations were shown to be
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Manufacture/Delivery of a Controlled Substance
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Harris County. Officers in full riot/swat gear burst into our client's business and attacked employees and customers in search of drugs that they 'knew' he was hiding after following one of hi
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Directed Verdict of Not Guilty during Jury Trial. In this case our client operated a therapy center for medical rehabilitation. After the prosecution rested its case, we successfully argued a moti
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2 cases of Possession of Child Pornography, Harris County. Client facing 20 years, case dismissed.
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Our client was downloading large amounts of pornography and accidentally acquired images alleged to be child pornography. After facing serious charges and potentially serious time in prison, our team
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Montgomery County case. Individual charged with continuous sexual abuse of a child, indecency with a child, and sexual assault of a child. Individual faced 25 to 99 years, or life, in prison for t
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Montgomery County case. Individual charged with three counts of indecency with a child and one count of burglary of a habitation for the purpose of committing a sex crime. Individual faced 2 to 20 y
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Possession of a Controlled Substance, Harris County. Dismissed. Client was arrested in regards to an attempted murder of a police officer and possession of a large quantity of drugs. She was placed on
Possession of a Controlled Substance, Harris County. Dismissed. Officers in full riot/swat gear burst into our client's business and attacked employees and customers in search of drugs that they '
The State of Texas vs. BW
Possession of a Controlled Substance, Harris County. Dismissed. Accused of possession of a very rare drug known as DMT (Dimethyltryptamine), heroin, and marijuana…our client was in serious trouble a
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text:
1967 Indiana Governor's Cup
Ohio River, Madison, Indiana, July 9, 1967
At Madison: The Governor's Cup
There was just enough wind to ruffle the waters of the Ohio River and provide nearly ideal racing conditions for the thunderboats around the 2½ mile course of the Governor's Cup race at Madison, Ind., on July 9. Ole Bardahl's Miss Bardahl from Seattle, driven by 24-year-old Billy Schumacher, emerged the winner with 1,100 points.
Going into the final heat Miss Bardahl was tied at 700 points with Detroiter Jim Herrington's Fifi Lapeer with Warner Gardner, retired Air Force colonel, as her driver. When the starting gun fired for that deciding heat, Fifi Lapeer was drifting down the Ohio River, out with magneto difficulty. The finale quickly settled into a duel between Bardahl and Harrah's Club, with the veteran Chuck Hickling driving Bill Harrah's Reno, Nev., entry. Miss Bardahl accelerated faster out of the turns and got away from Harrah's Club during the third circuit of the six-lap race to win at 94.736 m.p.h. Harrah's Club finished second to place second in point standing for the Cup, with 925.' Jim Ranger's My Gypsy, of Detroit, was third over the line and placed third overall, with 794 points. Bob Fendler's Wayfarer's Club Lady, with Jim McCormick at the wheel, finished fourth with a score of 769.
Bernie Little's Miss Budweiser (ex-Shu-Shu and ex-Notre Dame) won the first heat as Mike Thomas, of Harvey Cedars, N.J., driving his first unlimited, had the Tampa entry inside right with the gun and stayed in front to win at 94.405 m.p.h. Thomas who drives the 7-liter Dodge Rebellion (ex-Miss Crazy Thing) replaced Roy Duby who had driven Budweiser a week earlier in the World Championship at Detroit.
The triumph of Miss U.S. in the next heat was a typical Bill Muncey effort. He was over first and stayed there to win at 100.727 m.p.h., the highest heat speed of the day. Miss Bardahl was kept at a safe distance by Miss U.S. Once, just as she finished the first lap, U.S. went "out of shape" but Muncey brought her down safely. Lapeer had a good tussle with Wayfarer's Club throughout the 15 miles of heat 1-C as Jim McCormick took the lead several times. Fifi Lapeer's speed of 100.148 compared with Wayfarer's 99.630 in this close battle.
Fife Lapeer got off badly as the second round of heats started and took second in 2-A to My Gypsy. Walter Kade, 63, with Savair's Mist, second to Miss Bud in the first heat, took third with Mike Wolfbauer's Detroit boat. Miss Bardahl won going away from Wayfarer's Club in heat 2-B as Miss U.S. failed to get going and Miss Bud broke down. Miss U.S. was bothered by fuel pump trouble and burned out six in two days at Madison. Miss Madison, with Ed O'Halloran up and Savair's Probe, Wolfbauer's second boat with Bob Miller driving, broke down in the final elimination. Bill Sterett's Miss Chrysler Crew was buzzing along leading Harrah's Club into the fifth lap when she threw a belt off one of her blowers and finished with only one of her twin motors functioning. Harrah's Club won at 76.476 as Chrysler Crew limped in. Earlier, in the heat Miss U.S. won, Chrysler Crew stove a hole as big as a loaf of bread in her hull alongside the driver's seat during one of the late laps. Crew finished third and Sterett brought the boat into the race pits in time to keep her afloat.
The most spectacular incident came in the re-start of heat 2-A. This re-run came after the first was halted when a Coast Guardsman was injured and taken ashore in a patrol boat. Referee Bill Newton deemed the patrol boat's wash dangerous and ordered up red flags and smoke. In the restart, Kade brought Savair's Mist out of the first turn ahead, then spun all the way 'round. Kade recovered, but it was close. The boats behind him were bunched and were just short of accelerating into the straightaway.
Shirley McDonald gave the driver's seat in Notre Dame, a new boat this year, to Jack Regas. The latter cracked up Miss Bardahl in 1959 and was in a coma for five months. He was pronounced physically okay at Madison for his first unlimited race since his accident. McCormick, who lives in Owensboro, Ky., came to Madison to drive Notre Dame but found himself supplanted. Bob Fendler immediately offered him the seat in Wayfarer's Club Lady. "Jim got a raw deal, not being notified that he was fired before he came here," said Fendler. It worked out all right. Fendler was recently married and his wife wanted him to stay on the beach. McCormick said that he thought he had vindicated himself. He beat Notre Dame in one heat and put Wayfarer into the final.
—George E. Van
(Reprinted from Yachting, September 1967, pp.208-209)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
October 2009 Fidley Watch: From the Publisher
Foss Maritime Company Vice President of Harbor Services Dave Hill opened our inaugural GreenPacific Conference by extolling all attendees to act as individuals, privately and publicly, to ensure that their companies act in an environmentally responsible manner. "Cargo will continue to move in and out of West Coast ports", said Hill. "As those responsible for the physical movement of that cargo, it's up to each one of us to determine how most responsibly to move it."
From Hill's opening comments, collaborative engagement developed as the theme for GreenPacific 2009, produced by Pacific Maritime Magazine in partnership with Foss Maritime Company. We need to work together as an industry to move that cargo responsibly.
State Lands Commission Marine Facilities Chief Gary Gregory first articulated the concept early during the first session: "Engage industry at the outset and they will solve the problem."
Throughout the day, 100 conference attendees from industry, port agencies and engineering firms discussed the importance of engaging the entire spectrum of stakeholder groups when developing environmental policy, legislation …and regulatory application.
Western Petroleum Association's Bob Poole and Herbert Engineering Chairman Keith Michel both commented on the misperception among many that the maritime industry is largely unregulated. "We're among the most regulated industries in the nation," said Michel, before embarking on a dizzying summary of the regulations affecting just the vessel owner.
Richard Cameron from the Port of Long Beach and Wayne Grotheer from the Port of Seattle gave an overview of their respective ports' philosophy on responsible environmental stewardship, and discussed how they engage with regulators on behalf of industry when and where they can. The uniquely sensitive position in which public ports find themselves during regulatory review processes was not lost on the industry members in attendance. Environmental special interest groups are particularly adept at forcing public agencies to hear public comment ad nauseam, delaying and obfuscating what should be a much simpler and more straightforward attempt at balancing economic, community and environmental concerns fairly and equitably.
BNSF's LaDonna DiCamillo and Aston+Bird's Sharon Rubalcava described in detail the environmental review process and the difficulty of advancing responsible development in the current regulatory environment. The California State Lands Commission seemed the most collaborative of the regulatory agencies involved in the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) process. Ironically, the California State Lands Commission was also the only regulatory agency in attendance at GreenPacific 2009.
The conference was universally appreciated by those in attendance, but exit surveys revealed a common theme: Where were the regulators and environmental groups? Though we made a concerted effort to engage regulators and the environmental community our offers were declined. It was impressive that almost one hundred members of the maritime industry's private sector responded actively to our GreenPacific initiative. It was disappointing that the regulatory community did not. We'll continue our efforts to engage them in the conversation.
Peter Philips, Publisher
Labels: environment, Fidley Watch, GreenPacific Conference, Peter Philips
LA Council Agrees With Container Tax Delay
The Los Angeles City Council voted Wednesday to delay implementation of a per-container tax that was supposed to generate up to $1.4 billion for bridge, rail and road infrastructure within the city's port area and within the neighboring Port of Long Beach.
The vote confirms an identical decision by the Los Angeles Board of Harbor Commissioners in July that postponed any collection of the tax until July 1, 2010.
Due to the structure of the Los Angeles city government, certain decisions made by the Harbor Commission must be affirmed by the City Council.
Officials at the adjacent Port of Long Beach decided in April to postpone any collection of the tax until at least July 1, 2010.
The two ports jointly approved the collection of the container tax in January 2008, with an original implementation date of Jan. 1, 2009. The tax, which would have varied between $6-per-TEU and $20-per-TEU and would have been imposed on all loaded inbound and outbound boxes, was supposed to be collected through 2015.
Labels: container tax, port infrastructure, Port of Long Beach, Port of Los Angeles
SoCal Ports' Legal Fees Mount in Truck Plan Defense
The Southern California ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles have spent nearly $10 million to defend legal action since 2007 against their jointly created Clean Truck Program.
The Port of Long Beach has paid out $2 million in legal fees to defend the CTP, and the two adjacent ports have split another $7.5 million in additional legal expenses.
The legal fees have arisen from two lawsuits, one filed by the American Trucking Associations against the ports' truck program in late 2008, and another brought against the ports by the Federal Maritime Commission. The ATA suit has been particularly lengthy and complicated, with three rounds of appearances in both Superior Court and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals over an injunction request against the program by the trucking group and other plaintiffs. The ATA eventually prevailed in most aspects of its case for an injunction against certain parts of the truck program. The ATA's full suit against the ports begins in December. Earlier this year, and following the ATA prevailing at the Appeals Court level, the FMC dropped its case against the ports.
The truck program, which originally would have seen the ports pay to replace nearly 17,000 drayage trucks servicing the ports with cleaner burning models, was created in an effort to slash port-generated diesel emissions. The plan eventually evolved into a concessionaire and truck ban program paid for by a container tax, state and federal funds, and investment from the truckers themselves.
As implemented a year ago, the program requires truck operators to obtain port access licenses. It also banned all pre-1989 trucks from the ports and on Jan. 1, 2010 will expand the ban to include all trucks that do not meet 2004 model year engine criteria and newer emission standards or that are not equipped with verified emission control devices.
Labels: American Trucking Associations, Clean Truck Program, Port of Long Beach, Port of Los Angeles, Port Pollution
Longview Port Approves Repurchase of 35-Acre Parcel
The three-member governing board for the Port of Longview voted to repurchase 35 acres of port-area property for $3.15 million, albeit at a nearly 50 percent mark-up over what it sold the property for three years ago.
The port originally purchased the property for $50,000 an acre in 1996 as part of a larger 120-acre purchase from International Paper.
In 2006 Simpson Timber Co. bought the 35-acres from the port for $62,000 an acre with the intention of building a sawmill on the site. The lumber firm eventually decided not to build the sawmill and instead purchased an existing mill nearby in 2007. The port's repurchase price approved Tuesday figures out to $90,000 an acre, giving Simpson a $1 million profit on the property.
Port economic development officials said they are in talks to bring a new industrial tenant to the repurchased site.
Since 2007 the site had become embroiled in legal action after Simpson sold the property to a third party. A Superior Court Judge eventually rescinded the sale and ordered the property transferred back to Simpson this April, making way for the resale to the port.
Labels: port development, Port of Longview
Vancouver USA Port Approves 2010 Budget
The governing board of the Washington state Port of Vancouver on Tuesday approved a $56.2 million budget for 2010, shaving about $3 million of the previous years budget of $59.6 million.
Port officials cited the need to be conservative with the budget despite predictions of a global economic turnaround as early as next year by some experts. The Vancouver port, which deals almost exclusively with bulk and break-bulk commodities such as minerals, grains and automobiles, has been hit particularly hard by the global cargo slump.
While the 2010 budget is a sharp decline from the port's peak budget of $127.4 million in 2008, port officials said this merely reflected a drawing down of capital projects over the past several years.
The new budget still allocated about $23 million to continue work on the Terminal 5 rail loop, part of the $137 million West Vancouver Freight Access project designed to relieve freight train congestion through the port and the city.
Labels: port budgets, Port of Vancouver USA
Grays Harbor Port Approves Preliminary 2010 Budget
Officials for the Port of Grays Harbor in Washington State released a 2010 preliminary budget Tuesday, which predicts a 50 percent increase in vessel calls over the next year.
Based on port expectations of 63 vessel calls next year and an additional 30 barges, the new budget predicts total revenues climbing to $16.6 million versus operating, capital improvement and other expenses of $16.5 million.
In releasing the new budget, port officials cited new partnerships with Ag Processing Inc., Pasha Group shipments, and Westway Terminals liquid storage as foundational to the port's economic situation next year.
The new budget retains about $3.9 million in capital improvement projects, including the development of a research and development facility, a marine cargo yard rail expansion, and additional security improvements.
The port commissioners must submit a final budget to the county by Dec. 7.
Labels: port budgets, Port of Grays Harbor
Seattle Port to Close Overseas Offices
The Port of Seattle has announced that it will close its international office in Japan at the end of the month and effectively close other offices in China, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea.
American ports for decades have maintained overseas offices to lure business and lobby for routes, but Seattle port officials said that routing and shipping decisions are now being made in the shipping lines' American offices or by beneficial cargo owners located in the United States.
While the State of Washington is making similar moves in regard to foreign trade offices, the Port of Tacoma said it has no plans to cut overseas offices or contracts.
Labels: closures, overseas offices, Port of Seattle, Port of Tacoma
APL Takes Most Efficient Terminal Title in SoCal
A study of intermodal motor carrier has found that APL's Global Gateway South-Eagle Marine Services terminal at the Port of Los Angeles has the quickest truck turn times of 14 marine terminals surveyed at the adjacent ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles.
Conducted during a one-week period in August by the Harbor Truckers for a Sustainable Future--an advocacy and strategy coalition of IMCs– the study incorporated daily logs from drivers and global positioning satellite information from their trucks to build a picture of accurate turn-times at the terminals.
The APL terminal was named "Most Efficient Marine Terminal" by the study, finding that average turn times were about 50 minutes (using only the outside gate/queue, inside gate, and out gate total minutes). The terminal ranked first in the paper survey, and its rankings varied between number one and number two in the surveys using the GPS data.
"When truckers come through our gate, they are our customers and we've got to treat them well and get them back on the road quickly," said Nathaniel Seeds, Vice President of Operations in the Americas for APL, "so awards such as this one are a great source of satisfaction for APL."
The study also found that the turn times on night gates at all terminals were approximately thirty minutes longer than the day shift. Trouble window transactions averaged approximately 30-plus minutes, per driver, to resolve. Turn times for both shifts throughout the 15 terminals ranged from less than one hour to several hours.
Representatives of the HTFSF group plan to meet with terminals directly to discuss the turn times and seeks ways to improve efficiency.
Labels: APL, Port of Long Beach, Port of Los Angeles, terminal efficiency
Former Mayor Joins San Diego Port Board
Former Chula Vista mayor Steve Padilla was sworn in last week as the newest member of the Port of San Diego's Board of Port Commissioners.
Padilla, mayor of Chula Vista from 2002 to 2006, replaces former port commissioner Mike Najera, who resigned in May. During his tenure as mayor, Chula Vista gained nationwide attention as the largest US city with an openly-elected gay mayor.
Prior to his term as mayor, Padilla was a two-term member of the Chula Vista City Council and the first Latino to win a seat at the city dais.
In addition to working with various environmental and social groups, Padilla has also served as a member of the California Coastal Commission.
A former police officer and detective, Padilla is now president of the public policy and land use consultancy firm the Aquarius Group, which he started in 2007.
The San Diego Port's seven-member commission sets policy and manages tenants along San Diego Bay's tidelands.
Labels: harbor commissioners, Port of San Diego, Steve Padilla
SoCal Ports' Legal Fees Mount in Truck Plan Defens...
Longview Port Approves Repurchase of 35-Acre Parce...
Grays Harbor Port Approves Preliminary 2010 Budget...


text:
MPC is wholly owned by over 180 Australian macadamia growers in North Eastern New South Wales and South Eastern Queensland. MPC is a major shareholder of Pacific Gold Macadamias Pty Ltd (PGM) which is situated in the Bundaberg growing region.
MPC is a highly successful commercial enterprise that is still owned by growers. It's been that way since its creation in 1983, when a few macadamia growers near Lismore decided to take control of the production and marketing of their own produce.
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MPC has grown to become the largest and most successful macadamia processor in the world. Our factory currently processes around 10,000 tonnes of nut-in-shell per annum, and turns over around $40 million a year.
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2. An Israelite probably Houston George . Israel vindicated : being a refutation of the calumnies propagated respecting the Jewish nation ; in which the objects and views of the American society for ameliorating the condition of the Jews are investigated. New York: Abraham Collins, 1820. Total of 110 pages, has missing pages .pp. 41-88 copied from another copy on firm paper very readable, sfep, , fighting the growing missionary movement to convert Jews in the USA; Rosenbach 210 Good. library binding.
7. Dawid Ganz; Spitz, Zevi Hirsch Levi of Pressburg (Offenbach). Zemah Dawid :(Tsemah David) …nithaleq li selosah halaqim. Offenbach : Hirsch Spitz of Pressburg, 1768. last few pages worm holing at bottom, title page darkish discoloration, bottom of page 1 lacking , needs rebinding, leather covers torn and worn reading copy, in two parts first part 38 pages and second 82 pages ie double sided. Fair. Full Leather.
8. Edrehi Dr M. An historical account of The Ten Tribes settled beyond the river Sambatyon,Iin the East. translated from the original manuscript and composed by the Rev. Dr. M. Edrehi, native of Morocco. London: printed for the author. Philadelphia: reprinted for his s. Philadelphia: Isaac Edrehi, 5613. Foxed frontispiece portrait of author, protected with original tissue paper. Book plate and signature of C B Farwell important Chicago politician and Senator Original decorative binding with gilt lettering on spine 290+ 39 pp. crown and base of spine tears. Good. Boards.
15. Grossman, Cissy. A Temple Treasury: The Judaica Collection of Congregation Emanu-El of the City of New York. NY: Hudson Hills Press, 1989. oblong 8vo 198 pp. good. Hardback & DJ.
16. Grotte, Dr. Alfred (Hg.). Beitrage zir Entwickelung des Synagogenbaues in Deutschland, Böhmen und im ehemaligen Konigtum Polen vom XI. bis Anfang des XIX. Jahrhunderts. Berlin: Der Zirkel, 1915. Schoen Books Reprint (2007). 104 pp. ex library with markings and pocket on front end paper page creased, covers smudged, lacks corner part of title page internally clean, reading copy With many illustrations. Good-. Boards.
17. Grotte, Dr. Alfred (Hg.). Deutsche, bohmische und polnische Synagogentypen; vom XI bis Anfang des XIX Jahrhunderts. Berlin: Der Zirkel, 1915. Schoen Books Reprint (2007). 104 pp. Mit 24 Tafeln und 60 Abbildungen. Hrg. mit Unterstutzung der Gesellschaft zur Erforschung judischer Kunstdenkmaler in Frankfurt-Main. Filled with photos of the synagogues, the interiors and the floor plans, even the architectural measurements! endpapers slightly soiled. Good. Boards.
18. The Illustrated Hagada. First Jerusalem Edition with original illustrations and designs by Arieh Al Hanani. Haggadah shel Pesach [Passover Pessach Haggadah]. Jerusalem: Hamadpis Liphshitz,, 1930. 63 pp. Yudlov 3276. Yaari 2142.Musical notes by the composer S Rosowasky, wooden(walnut wood?) illustrated cover of" Egyptian warriors pursung them" rather unique. Good. Boards.
20. Jean-Baptiste De Boyer, Marquis D'Argens. The Jewish Spy: being a philosophical, historical, and critical correspondence, by letters, which lately passed between certain Jews in Turky, Italy, France, &c. Translated from the originals into French, by the Marquis d'Argens; and now done into English. The third edition. 5 vols. London: Miller, 1766 + 1765 (last volume). Volume 1 New title page, covers worn and torn 302 pp. some browning to pages, Vol 2 312 pp. + Index browning wear to covers,slight library mark to tp, Vol 3 322 pp. + Index, same condition as others Vol 4 317 pp.+ Index slight librry mark tp same condition Vol. 5 366 pp. + Index slight library mark tp same condition as others, new cloth spines with new titles, rest of tome is calf ,in special cloth box. Good. cloth spine and calf boards.
21. Jsoephus Flavius (Lautenbach Conrad) translator into German. Flavij Josephi des hochberuhmten judischen Geschichtschreibers, Historien und Bucher : Von alten judischen Geschichten, zwentzig, sambt eynem Von seinem Leben, Vom jüdischen Krieg, und der Statt Jerusalem, und des gantzen Lands Zerstorung siben, Von der Juden altem Herkommen wider Apionem Grammaticum zwey, Von Meysterschafft der Vernunfft, und der Machabeer Marter, eyns : alles auss dem griechischen Exemplar bound with Egesippi, des hochberuhmten furtrefflichen christlichen Geschichtschreibers : fünff Bücher : vom Jüdischen Krieg; Egesippi des Hochberuhmten Furtrefflichen christlichen Geschichtschreibers V. buchers: vom judischen Krieg und endlicher zerstohrung der Herzlichen und Gewaltigen statt Jerusalem Pseudo-Hegesippus.; Conrad Lautenbach. Rihel, 1581. 524 pp. + Register, 119 pp. + register First publsihed 1574 over 100 woodcuts, after Tobias Stimmer by Chr. Stimmer and Ch. Von Sichem. Antiquities of the Jews in twenty books, pigskin on wooden boards, remains of brass clasp on front cover, blind sta,ped decoratec cover with image of a gentleman holding a sword and a justice scale, two lines of Latin below illegible, name Hans Behan printed and barely visible is the date 1585, back cover panel is of woman and two lines of illegible Latin., starts with Creation and goes through Old Testament onward to the Jewish wars of CE 70. Good. Boards.
25. Kruger Laura. A Stitch in Jewish Time: Provocative Textiles. HUC JIR, 2010. 16 pp. exhibition catalog in color. Very Good. Stiff Wrapper.
29. Leneman Leon. La Tragedie Des Juifs En U.R.S.S. DeBrouwer, 1959. 322 pp. number on spine and slight library mark on fep, inscribed in Yiddish by author. Good. Paperback.
31. (Mendelssohn Moses). Neitboth Haschalom Sefer Bereschith im tirgum Onkelos veperush Rashi vebeur vetirgum Ashkenai huga behaga'a meduyeket al pi haKhumash Tikun Sofrim shel . . . Itzik Premsla z.l. veal pi . . . Moshe Dessau z.l. venitvasfu seder HaHaftarot vekhamesh megilot. . . Wien: Schmid, 1818. 435 pp. frontispeice portrait of Mendelssohn tipped in and illustration on title page, new blue boards and new endpapers and hinges, some dog eared pages. Good. Boards.
32. Naumbourg S. Recueil de chants religieux et populaires des Israelites. Paris: l'auteur et les principaux editeurs de musique, 1874. fourth edition. XLVI (commentary)+ 114 pp. of liturgy with music familiar prayers, new spine, foxing throughout some heavy to endpapers, boards worn and torn, music very readable and useable. Good-. Boards.
33. Obermann Dr. J. Der Philosophische Und Religiose Subjektivismus Ghazalis; Ein Beitrag zum Problem der Religion. Braumuller, 1921. 344 pages , tears to spine, marbled boards, Art Green's copy. Good +. Cloth.
34. Ofrat Gideon preface. Shraga Weil : sixty years of printmaking; Sheraga Ṿail : 60 shenot hedpes. Safrai, 2009. 29 pp. covering the life and work of Weil with exhibitions, 33pp.- 127 pp. of color and black and white images, and 20 pp. of Hebrew , in box. Very Good. Hardcover & Dust Jacket.
36. Ottensoser David (1784-1858) . Kiryah ne'emanah : Sefer Yirmeyah. Dihernfoṛṭ (Dyhernfurth): : Bi-defus Tsevi Hirsch (Hirsch und Marcus), 1826. 204 double pages,In Hebrew, slight library marks, leathe spine repaird with new cloth, new hinges, boards worn, slight foxing to end papers. Good. Boards.
42. Shachar Isaiah. Jewish Tradition in Art: The Feuchtwanger Collection of Judaica. jerusalem: Israel Museum, 1981. 340 pp., in Hebrew and English. Good. Hardcover & Dust Jacket.
43. Shachar Isaiah. Jewish Tradition in Art: The Feuchtwanger Collection of Judaica. Jerusalem: Israel Museum, 1981. 340 pp., in Hebrew and English. Good. Paperback.
44. Slobin, Mark. Tenement Songs: The Popular Music of the Jewish Immigrants. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois, 1982. 213 pp.dj torn. Good +. Hardcover & Dust Jacket.
47. Sulzer Joseph (hrsg). Schir Zion; Gesange fur den israelitischen Gottesdienst Salomon Sulzer. Frankfurt: Kauffmann Verlag, 1922. dritte auflage. 544 pages new cloth covers and end papers collection of melodies and text for the Hazan for Shabbes and various holidays massive work. Good condition. Hardcover .
48. Sutzkever Abraham (inscribed). Di Fidlroyz: Poems 1970-1972. Di Goldene Keyt, 1974. 111 pp. inscribed in Yiddish by Sutzkever with a drawing similar to the cover, djs torn and some fading. Good. Boards and dj.
51. Viteles Harry ken. A History of the Co-operative Movement in Israel. A Source Book in 7 Volumes. BOOK 1: The Evolution of the Co-oerative Movement. BOOK 2: The Evolution of the Kibbutz Movement. BOOK 3: An Analysis of the Four Sectors of the Kibbutz Movement. BOOK 4: Co-operative Smallholders Settlements (The Moshav Movement). BOOK 5: Workers Producers Transportation and Service Co-operatives. BOOK 6: Central Agricultural Co-operatives. BOOK 7: Consumers' Co-opertaion., Vallentine Mitchell, 1966-1978. (252 pp. 749 pp. 751 pp. ;405 pp. 414 pp. ;750 pp. ;348 pp. ex library with withdrawn marks, back pockets removed, dj in plastic cover. Good +. Hardcover & Dust Jacket.
52. Wise Stephen (inscribed). The Improvement of the Moral Qualities An Ethical Treatise of the Eleventh Century by Solomon Ibn Gibirol, Printed from an Unique Arabic Manuscript. Columbia , 1901. 117 + 47 pp. slight tears to crown of spine, and tear to base of spine. Good. Hardcover .


text:
MTO OXFORDS
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City Hall II (MTO) — $289
Cairnhill (MTO) — $289
Fullerton (MTO) — $289
Farquhar II — $289


text:
Thunderstrike 2: Mac firmware worm details (trmm.net)
155 points by georgyo on Aug 11, 2015 | hide | past | web | favorite | 37 comments
thudson on Aug 11, 2015
tl;dr: Xeno Kovah, Corey Kallenberg and I ported several previously disclosed vulnerabilities from Windows UEFI systems to Apple's EFI firmware. Using the 2014 Darth Venamis ("Dark Jedi") vulnerability we were able to unlock the motherboard boot flash, write our proof of concept to it, then scan the bus for PCIe Option ROMs and copy the worm to them as well. This allowed it to spread to other systems via shared Thunderbolt devices, possibly across air-gap security perimeters or via evil-maid attacks.
Like the original Thunderstrike vulnerability presented at CCC last year[0], firmware passwords and FileVault encryption don't prevent infection, reinstalling OSX won't remove it and it changes the RSA keys in the ROM so that Apple's firmware update routines can't remove it either. The only way to remove it is with a hardware in-system programming device connected to the SPI flash chip.
This is a transcript of our hour long presentation at DefCon 23 / Blackhat 2015 last week, which is why it is too long to read... Here is a shorter overview[1] and a demo video[2].
0: https://trmm.net/Thunderstrike_31c3
1: https://trmm.net/Thunderstrike_2
2: https://trmm.net/Thunderstrike2_demo
outworlder on Aug 11, 2015
> then scan the bus for PCIe Option ROMs and copy the worm to them as well. This allowed it to spread to other systems via shared Thunderbolt devices
Is a thunderbolt display considered to be an "option ROM"? Meaning it would be possible to have a rogue monitor spreading a firmware infection?
mjg59 on Aug 11, 2015
The display itself isn't, but the existing Thunderbolt displays contain a PCIe network adapter that probably carries an option ROM.
Sanddancer on Aug 11, 2015
Yep. It's got a chip covered by b57.c in it.
25L6406 on Aug 11, 2015
I see that the chip has a Write-Protect PIN on it. Could it be held (high or low) in order to prevent the attack from becoming persistent?
What about firmware updates? The usual way that Apple distributes Thunderbolt Display updates is using the OSX update mechanism. That has to be able to write to the firmware somehow.
Potentially, yes. However, if you want to have the ability to write firmware, etc, you're going to want some way of toggling that pin, leaving us right back where we started.
userbinator on Aug 11, 2015
You connect that pin to a small switch in a not-so-easily-accessible place and tell the user to connect it whenever firmware updating is required. Something as simple as pushing a paperclip into a hole would be sufficient.
Firmware updates should not be "transparent", "seamless", "one click", or whatever other terms are used today to describe silent or little-noticed changes. They are modifying a very important part of the system, and the user has to be aware of that.
spacehome on Aug 12, 2015
For better or worse, that's definitely not the "Apple Way".
Apple did do that before though: http://support.apple.com/kb/DL1283
cnvogel on Aug 12, 2015
Being in control of so much of your hardware of course some hardwired logic could be included e.g. in the keyboard matrix that would make some physical interaction necessary during firmware upgrades, but not require a hidden button.
Nevertheless, as long as such a button or switch is easily accessible, and not able to be covered by a seal, the system stays vulnerable to evil maids. And such a thing definitely wouldn't be the Apple Way™
josteink on Aug 11, 2015
So basically thunderbolt is a vulnerability in itself, only hampered by its own lack of market penetrating?
No, the vulnerability is in the firmware doing nothing to ensure that the code it's executing is unmodified. This part of the attack isn't possible on systems that have UEFI Secure Boot enabled - once the option ROM is modified, the firmware will simply refuse to execute it.
scintill76 on Aug 11, 2015
Does Apple's firmware support Secure Boot? I've always heard of it in connection with Windows 8+. If they support it, is it enabled by default? If either answer is "no", it seems like the Option ROM vuln is pretty severe for Macs.
It's neither enabled, nor supported on Apple machines. Apple's not using UEFI, they're using their own fork of EFI 1.10
sandGorgon on Aug 12, 2015
question for you - Secure Boot basically screws up the ability to boot Linux OSes. From this article, it seems Secure Boot is a good thing.
How do you see this working out in the longer term - is there a Secure Boot alternative that allows freedom to boot Linux, yet protects against vulnerabilities like these ?
TheDong on Aug 12, 2015
SecureBoot implementations often let a user, via some means, add additional keys that they trust.
Any user can simply create their own key, sign their own firmware, linux, and what have you with it, and then boot away.
Unfortunately, Microsoft mandates secure boot but doesn't require the feature of adding keys to be present... so the reality is a bit more grim.
The reality is that most distros have managed to get a signing key from microsoft (and those that haven't, there's a grub shim signed by such a key) that is included by default in microsoft certified secureboots. This has been working, but is not as ideal.
> Secure Boot basically screws up the ability to boot Linux OSes
Not really. The barrier to obtaining a signed bootloader isn't that large, and if you're unwilling or unable to do that you can use http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/20303.html and just oblige your users to jump through an additional (easily documented) hoop. We had legitimate concerns over the impact of Secure Boot on free operating systems, and for the most part we were able to reach some reasonable solutions.
does the shim solution not lead to this exact same security problem ?
No. How would it?
abrowne on Aug 12, 2015
Linux distributions can and do support Secure Boot. I know Fedora, Ubuntu, and OpenSUSE do. FreeBSD is planning[1].
[1]: https://wiki.freebsd.org/SecureBoot
> Secure Boot basically screws up the ability to boot Linux OSes.
Funny. And here I thought I was secure booting Ubuntu already.
I think this issue was resolved 2 or 3 years ago.
beagle3 on Aug 11, 2015
Off topic, but highly recommended: Trammell Hudson's other projects[0]. The most famous of which is Magic Lantern, an alternative firmware for Canon DSLRs which makes them infinitely more useful for movie making (and a little more useful for stills); but other projects are also worth looking at.
[0] https://trmm.net/
Jedd on Aug 12, 2015
For me, this the single most insightful / unsettling quote from the article:
> Thunderstrike 2 doesn't make use of any new zero-day
> vulnerabilities -- these are all older vulnerabilities
> that had been previously disclosed and fixed on other
> platforms.
The 'other platform' bit is a tad ambiguous, or simply overly generous, if you consider (U)EFI to be the platform.
tjohns on Aug 12, 2015
It sounds like unsigned Option ROMs are an even bigger problem. If anything, UEFI provides an effective defense via Secure Boot. Sadly, Apple doesn't currently implement this feature -- at a minimum, they'd need to upgrade from EFI 1.10 to UEFI 2.3 to even be able to consider it.
Svenstaro on Aug 11, 2015
Why do exploits tend to have such ridiculously good names recently?
micampe on Aug 11, 2015
Security researchers have learned that marketing works.
scott_karana on Aug 11, 2015
Heartbleed appears to have kicked off the "good marketing" of vulnerabilities that others alluded to. :-)
JustSomeNobody on Aug 12, 2015
I think they go back further than that. There's some pretty popular ones here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_viruses_a...
ajtaylor on Aug 11, 2015
For one thing, it helps when googling for more information.
rdudek on Aug 11, 2015
The media loves good names so they can spread their fearmongering.
Karunamon on Aug 11, 2015
I wish more security vulnerabilities were fearmongered. Users caring about it and admins being bugged to fix it is a good thing.
stephengillie on Aug 11, 2015
Firmware worm? Can we call this "Wormware"?
LinuxBender on Aug 11, 2015
I saw the name "FirmWorm" used for this vuln.
a2tech on Aug 11, 2015
Apparently having a programmable operating system that allows reading/writing to RAM and system devices and that is rarely updated running under your own operating system allows easy exploitation, who would have guessed?
System integrators shouldn't be trusted to write software. If you've ever installed software from your various BIOS manufacturers you surely know that
PhantomGremlin on Aug 11, 2015
Collectively the computer industry has become much stupider over the decades.
Back in the 1970s, when 9-track mag tape was popular, there was a saying: "no ring, no write". There was a physical plastic ring that needed to be inserted into the tape reel hub before the tape could be written to.
When 8" and 5" floppy disks were popular, you needed to place a physical piece of tape onto the side of the media, to cover a cutout. Without that, you couldn't write to the floppy.
Then 3.5" floppies became more popular and you had a mechanical tab you needed to move to enable/disable writing.
Same with early PCs. In order to update the BIOS you needed to physically move a jumper on a motherboard.
All the above was enforced by hardware. There was no magic SMM that could do whatever it wanted.
But all that was too expensive, or just not friendly enough for end users.
The bean counters and hipsters making the decisions nowadays have learned nothing from computer history. We've regressed.
Now get off my lawn. And be quiet, it's time for my nap.
saidajigumi on Aug 11, 2015
> The bean counters and hipsters making the decisions nowadays have learned nothing from computer history.
As someone who's also used and remembered write-rings, etc., this is nonsense. The concern over threats back then was VASTLY lower than today, because the threat was in fact far lesser. Computers were vastly less interconnected and knowledge about exploit tactics was still nascent, and a fair bit harder to come by. Stuff was massively exploitable because in the "good 'ol days" there were a lot fewer computer literate people to think about things like "attack surface", and fewer still who had motive to use such knowledge maliciously. I knew grad students back in the 80's who had written their own illicit versions of "su" to make their lives easier. I.e. local privilege escalation tools. An undergrad banned (and transformed into an overnight pariah amongst his peers) for hacking CS dept servers. All kinds of devices hacked by the curious via some hardware port intended for maintenance or just left behind on the PCB. Those things happened, but the collective impact of much of that is less than one major exploit pattern today (Flash 0-day, legacy consumer routers, take your pick).
No, the root problem vs "yesterday" is just that our computers are cheaper and far more interconnected than ever before. Things like the option-ROM-as-vector being an economically practical technology. Our collective level of ability to ship secure systems is probably far better than it ever has been, but that's almost nothing in the face of an exponential explosion in the pervasiveness of computing. We still ship an incredible amount of insecure software and hardware systems, just because we make so damn much of it. Why design a complex fixed mechanism or circuit for something when you can solve the problem 1000x better with a CPU or DSP? That's great, but "oops, we forgot the security again." Or we didn't, but an exploit was still found and updating is otherwise infeasible.
It seems that ability to ship secure tech needs to be nearly pervasive, enough for a sort of technological herd-immunity (or herd-defense-in-depth), if you will. At this point, I suppose we're looking forward the day when all our little computers are muttering to themselves like trees in a forest chemically signaling about attacking pests.


The term 'intuitive' gets bandied around a lot in the context of user interface design, but what does it really mean and what are the principles of intuitive design?
To begin with, let us understand the meaning of intuitive. It is something that you do more or less automatically, without too much conscious effort. You aren't born with intuitive skills, you learn them. You may have learned how to perform a particular task by having being taught it, by watching someone do it, by reading how to do it, or by experiment, and once the process has been understood, you begin applying the knowledge in similar or different situations and the more you use it the less you have to think about how to use it. It becomes intuitive to you.


text:
EU Naval Force Flagship ITS Andrea DORIA Keeps Italian Navy Christmas Traditions at Sea in Gulf of Aden
During what is the festive season for many, the EU Naval Force flagship, ITS Andrea Doria, has remained at sea conducting counter-piracy patrols off the coast of Somalia. The Italian Navy destroyer has spent time escorting a World Food Programme (WFP) vessel along the East coast of Somalia to protect it from possible pirate attack.
The Italian warship departed its home port of Taranto, Italy, on 22 July 2014 to join the EU's counter-piracy operation Atalanta in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean.
As the crew was going to be a long way from home for Christmas the Executive Officer, or XO as he is known, and the logistics team organized a traditional Italian Navy Christmas day, that allowed those not on watch to enjoy some festive cheer.
Like in many homes back in Italy, for Christmas night the warship's chefs cooked hand-made pasta with shrimps and steamed salmon.
The holy mass was celebrated by all the crew in the crowded hangar, followed by Christmas hymns.
A traditional game of bingo was also enjoyed by those not on-watch.
Read more at: https://eunavfor.eu/eu-naval-force-flagship-its-andrea-doria-keeps-italian-navy-christmas-traditions-at-sea-in-gulf-of-aden/
EU Operation Commander Visits EU Naval Force Flagship ITS Andrea Doria in the Gulf of Aden
EU Naval Force flagship ITS Andrea Doria and HMAS Toowoomba from CTF 150 Meet at Sea in the Gulf of Aden
EU Naval Force Flagship ITS Andrea Doria Meets Local Seafarers in Gulf of Aden


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text:
Q: how to use traversable on a tree I'm trying to understand how I can use Traversable to iterate over my tree data structure.
I've got this ugly tree (forest actually) that looks like this:
data ParseTree a = Leaf a | Node a (ParseTree a) (ParseTree a) | MultiNode a [ParseTree a]
       deriving (Show, Functor, F.Foldable, T.Traversable)

t = Node S
(Node NP (Leaf DP) (Leaf NP))
(MultiNode VP
[Node VP (Node VP (Leaf VP) (Leaf PP)) (Node NP (Leaf DP) (Leaf NP)),
Node VP (Leaf VP) (Node PP (Leaf PP) (Node NP (Leaf DP) (Leaf NP)))]
)

I want to find the multinodes so I can replace build new trees, one for each item in the multinode.
its easy enough for me to write a function like this
findmulti :: ParseTree a -> [ParseTree a]
findmulti (Leaf a) = []
findmulti (Node a left right) = findmulti left ++ findmulti right
findmulti (MultiNode a lst) = [ (MultiNode a lst) ]

But I think I should be able to use traverse to go down the list and find the items for me.
if I do
traverse print t

I get only the values at the very end:
S
NP
DP
NP
VP
VP
VP
VP
PP...
But I actually want the traversal to stop at the Multinodes. How do I control the depth of the traversal? Or is that not possible because Traversable and friends are agnostic as to the container?
Eventually I want to derive lenses that will allow me to replace the multinodes too, but right now I'm just trying to get a grasp on how traversable works. Am I even using the right tool for the job?

A: It's fairly easy to build a Traversal' which visits whatever you like, though this capability is much more general than what Data.Traversable allows as that Traversal must visit only and exactly the contained elements.
To begin, let's examine the signature of traverse
traverse :: (Traversable t, Applicative f) => (a -> f b) -> t a -> f (t b)

I like to call the first argument the "injection" function. Anything that is injected into the Applicative, f, is "visited" by the Traversal. In this case, we'd like to visit the MultiNodes so we can specialize this type already.
multinodes :: Applicative f => (ParseTree a -> f (ParseTree a)) -> ParseTree a -> (f (ParseTree a))

Or
multinodes :: Traversal' (ParseTree a) (ParseTree a)

Now let's consider the definition. Again, the goal is to inject each MultiNode.
-- No multinodes here, so we use `pure` so as to inject nothing at all
multinodes inj l@Leaf{} = pure l

-- Here's a multinode, so we'll visit it with the injection function
multinodes inj m@Multinode{} = inj m

-- And we need to neither reject (thus stopping the traversal)
-- nor inject a branch. Instead, we continue the traversal deeper
multinodes inj (Node a l r) =
  (\l' r' -> Node a l' r') <$> multinodes inj l
                             <*> multinodes inj r

This is our Traversal'.
>>> t ^.. multinodes
[MultiNode VP [Node VP (Node VP (Leaf VP) (Leaf PP)) (Node NP (Leaf DP) (Leaf NP)),Node VP (Leaf VP) (Node PP (Leaf PP) (Node NP (Leaf DP) (Leaf NP)))]]

This code isn't much shorter than the code written for findmulti---in fact, it's nothing more than an unfolded findMulti . traverse, but it's immediately compatible with other lens combinators and demonstrates the general method of feeding an Applicative through a type while targeting the desired inner structures. Writing this Traversal' just once will be a general tool for almost any kind of visitation upon the MultiNodes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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nike running shoes uk The seasons are very last of all turning, nike trainers british isles which indicates it'd be the right time to roll up your pant legs and exhibit some clear up kicks. When you don't have gotten a factor all put in position to go, which transpires for being alright athis seven occasions is chock brimming with dope alternate alternatives. Jordan Company identify is utilizing portion in good in only the Jordan one particular specific with 4 new colorways that have as elementary largely simply because the originals, nevertheless a women's satin deal with a whole new usual materials nevertheless even so a further prospect to seize a bit of heritage.
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*clutches heart* Be still… be still.
Meloetta does not appreciate fine clothing.
No, she dose not. But it has good taste in music.
MISSINGNO triangle is necessary as well!
Did you notice the fractal pattern on N's?
ha ha YES!! I love aloe, "honey you have to see this" XD the look on Meloetta's face is super amazing!
Again, I decided to re-read and play Bad Romance.
If only they were there to steal somebody's leather pants and not pwn a meloetta.
We could get Bakura and Marik to do that.
D: I want a missingno dress now.
Missingo's pixels… Seem so right.
N is way too comfortable with cross dressing…..
If this was animated, it would have been so freaking amazing.
Meoletta's weakness is bad music! Quick, rev up the AutoTune!
Oh dear sweet baby Jesus on an crutch what is this I don't even.
Exactly my reaction… with a lot more squee.
aw, i was hopin for the meat dress.


Posted on 14/07/2015. Last edited 2 days, 21 hours ago.
Posted on 14/07/2015. Last edited on 16/06/2016.
I'm conscious of my time…and can see how to engage in my morning.
I love how I create more ease for my day.
I naturally take excellent care of myself.
I see this day as new.
This day has a clean slate & I choose inner wealth.
I love my body and all that it does for me.
I choose to radiate love, joy and gratitude today. I know life is too short to dwell on negativity. I walk in the light.
Gratitude brings me into a harmonious relationship with the good in everyone that surrounds me.
Posted on 27/07/2015. Last edited on 01/09/2015.
Posted on 27/07/2015. Last edited on 18/08/2015.
My life is absolutely wonderful in all aspects, I am so grateful.
My future is glorious. I now live in limitless joy, light and love. All is well in my world.
This Moment is filled with joy.I Now choose to experience the sweetness of today.
Posted on 31/07/2015. Last edited on 17/08/2015.
I use all of my experiences and knowledge to benefit my Life and others.
Posted on 01/08/2015. Last edited on 18/08/2015.
Everyday brings me great joy.
I am so grateful for every person and every thing in my life.
Posted on 04/08/2015. Last edited on 27/08/2015.
I am grateful for all the positive things that are still yet to come my way.
I clearly see the beauty of life that flourishes around me.
Posted on 14/08/2015. Last edited on 02/05/2016.
I the one I am waiting for. I am the change I seek.
I am a woman of vision and action. Success is the outcome of whatever I do.
I am blossoming like a beautiful rose spreading the lovely fragrance of happiness and kindness wherever I go.
Like a child's innocent smile all lit up…I too reclaim my joyful innocence and take pleasure noticing the fresh new wonders of everything all around me.
Like a beacon in the night, I generate rays of positive energy into the Universe.
I am grateful to everyone!
Posted on 23/08/2015. Last edited on 09/02/2016.
I marvel at Life and am filled with joy!
The presence of deep abiding love covers every fiber of my being. I am filled with joy.
When I allow & experience life , I find that everything I want and need is actually there already, waiting for me to recognize its current available potential.
Posted on 25/08/2015. Last edited on 20/09/2015.
Today, all the right actions and all the right people are available; we all serve one another needs!! Together, we get things done!
I release joy, compassion and hope into the Universe.
I am filled with grace, peace and understanding which I readily release, the power of love unto the Universe.
I am now absolutely clear about the specific types of results I want in every area of my life.
I now celebrate the achievement of my goals before they occur in the physical world; they've already gotten the OK from the Universe.
Posted on 28/08/2015. Last edited on 01/09/2015.
Love and wisdom are are melded in my being, expressing perfectly through every phase of my life now.
I exercise my body,mind and spirit in fun,enjoyable, life affirming ways.
Every day, in every way, I am getting better and better…and better.
Posted on 28/08/2015. Last edited on 31/10/2015.
I allow goodness and harmony to come into my life.
The perfect job, the right people, the exact circumstance are all instantly available to me, and all of my needs are met!
I listen to people, as they open their heart and they tell me their truth.
I am grounded in peace and in gratitude.
Posted on 29/08/2015. Last edited on 03/09/2015.
I choose to let go of attachments, and to open my heart, open the center and unblock to flow of love, compassion and abundance.
I choose forgiveness, no matter what it costs, I'm worth MORE.
I allow my heart to be softened and I open to miracles, everywhere, healing, with every breath, with every thought… with every good deed.
I am free! My mind is free!
I am grateful, so grateful!
I glow with gratitude surging through my body mixed with sheer joy in my heart.
I am showered with Blessings, falling like the gentle rain.
I feel light as a feather, in perfect balance and harmony with the magnificent flow of life.
Posted on 03/09/2015. Last edited on 07/12/2017.
I breathe in all Blessings that abundantly permeate the Universe and exhale gratitude to share with others in order to continue the flow of Blessings and enrich their lives. Continuing the dynamic flow of positive energy.
Today is complete; I allow the beauty of self discovery and life discovery, and I experience awesome levels of inner joy in the process. I am complete; all outside wonderful experiences are icing on the cake.
I am a Blessing to all, sharing smiles, encouraging laughter and spreading love and kindness through words that speak only of the joys of life.
I am having an absolutely spectacular day in which everything is magically going my way.
Posted on 15/09/2015. Last edited on 07/12/2017.
Everything is going absolutely wonderfully!
My life is working out perfectly!
I am whole and I am complete.
I am in the right place at the right time with all the right people.
I was born to Live and to Love!
loving this thread everyone!(: Did I say that already?(:!
Loving the projects related to taking time to organize and plan. I'm worth it.
I look and feel younger and healthier each day.
I am in awe and filled with absolute joy and delight of this treasured gift called life.
This was a cassette I bought before cd's were invented.
Posted on 17/09/2015. Last edited on 07/12/2017.
I am learning new ways of doing things.
I am no longer afraid to use the power within me to achieve my highest good.
I love myself and the more I love myself, the more beautiful I become!
I take time everyday to laugh and enjoy all that that life is giving!
I am balanced and I love taking care of my health and my well being!
I am grateful for all of the good that is happening in and all around me! My life rocks!!
Everything is working beautifully for my greater good, I am filled with light and laughter.
I bask in sheer joy at the ability to experience the dawn of a new day and all the miracles that await.
Share my talents, gifts and Blessings with the world in order to be a Blessing to others.
Living and abiding in Love.
Today I give myself 100 reasons to smile.
Dynamically moving forth with grace and gratitude.
Bask in the joy of sheer gratitude for the gift of this day!
Posted on 06/10/2015. Last edited on 09/10/2015.
Posted on 22/10/2015. Last edited on 27/10/2015.
I am ease, and focus on areas that I joyfully choose.
I am grateful and appreciative for wonderful music.
Enjoying every bliss filled moment of life.
I love this day!!!! I'm filled with giggles and gratitude!!
I go beyond limiting beliefs and I accept my Self completely.
I am willing to prosper from everything, including times of great difficulty and/or criticism.
Unlimited Abundance is coming my way!
I am engaging in work that impacts the world in a positive way!!!
I have found a place inside where Nothing is impossible.
I enter this inner space, where all things are created, nurtured and renewed. There is an inner wealth, a Great Luminous Mystery, and in this immense presence, I heal my Self and I heal the world.
To see the beauty I want to see in the world, I must first see it in me. Today I see it clearly!
Today I will be a beacon of positive energy, love and light. My Spark will flow freely and boundlessly to all who know me and encounter me. And so it is!
Posted on 06/12/2015. Last edited on 04/04/2016.
i relax and find ease in my attitude of trust.
Amazing things are happening to me, the likes of which i have never seen before.
My life will simply be as good as i allow it to be.
I am in exactly the right place and it is getting better and better each day.
Acceptance is the key and it begins with me.
When i focus on the good the good gets better.
Posted on 04/03/2016. Last edited on 07/03/2016.
I am meant to live an expansive, exhilarating, good feeling experience.
Like the air that I breathe ABUNDANCE in all things is available to me.
Posted on 21/03/2016. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 12/05/2018. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 12/05/2018. Last edited on 28/11/2018.
Posted on 06/06/2018. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
I AM living a life of design.
Posted on 04/11/2018. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 07/11/2018. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 15/11/2018. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
I am enjoying the energy of this moment.
Posted on 22/11/2018. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 17/12/2018. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 26/12/2018. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 26/12/2018. Last edited on 27/12/2018.
in the time-frame I love.
Posted on 01/01/2019. Last edited on 02/01/2019.
Posted on 05/01/2019. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 09/01/2019. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Posted on 03/02/2019. Last edited 2 days, 20 hours ago.
Great video of affirmations for International Women's Day!


Can my business qualify for factoring?
What if my business has no credit history or a poor credit history?
Do I have to sell all of my accounts receivable / invoices to the factoring company?
What services beyond the actual business financing do factoring companies provide?
How does factoring compare to traditional bank financing such as loans and credit lines?
What is the difference between recourse factoring and non-recourse factoring?
What will my customers think if I sell my invoices to a factoring company?
What are the benefits of factoring over other business financing instruments?
Any non-cash-and-carry business that sells products or services to creditworthy companies or government entities and extends payment terms to its customers is a potentially good candidate for factoring.
Contrary to traditional financing options like bank loans or credit lines, the qualification criteria for factoring focus primarily on the financial strength and creditworthiness of your customers. This is one of the major differences and biggest advantages of factoring over other forms of business financing.
As soon as your product or service has been delivered to and accepted by your customer, your invoice to this customer can be factored – and funds can be disbursed to you - right away.
It depends. Some factoring companies will ask for all of your invoices to all of your customers, while others will allow you to factor only some of your customers and/or some of the invoices.
Factoring is a viable and comprehensive accounts receivable and cash management tool. In addition to freeing up money that would otherwise be tied to your receivables, it can reduce your internal cost for maintaining accounts receivable, such as billing, bookkeeping, collections, and credit verifications of your current and future customers. Factoring will also add or introduce another quality control measure to your sales process. In essence, outsourcing your accounts receivable management to a factoring company allows you to spend less time and money on "admin" functions, and more on productive activities like sales and customer service.
Factoring fees, i.e., the "discount rates" are typically calculated as a small percentage of the sales value of the invoices that you submit for factoring. This percentage will usually depend on a variety of variables: the credit quality of your customers, the length of time your invoices remain open, the total sales value you factor, and the range of services that you are purchasing from the factor. In general, factoring is more expensive than bank financing, but "if you take into account the costs associated with maintaining accounts receivable, such as bookkeeping, collections, and credit verifications, and compare those expenses against the discount rate you'll have to apply when selling them, sometimes it even pays to utilize this financing method" said the Entrepreneur Magazine Guide to Raising Money. Bear in mind though that the lowest factoring fees (discount rates) are not necessarily the best value. They often go hand-in-hand with other [hidden] charges and potentially severe risks to your business that may not be evident to the untrained eye or before entering into a contractual factoring relationship.
Factoring is fundamentally different from bank loans and LOCs in many aspects. Bank financing focuses on the borrower's financial strength and history and his collateral for qualification, while factoring focuses mainly on the credit quality of the borrower's debtors, which makes factoring more accessible to a wider range of businesses than bank financing. Whereas bank loans create debt and additional fixed costs for the constant periodic repayment of principal and interest, factoring is not a loan but rather a straight forward sale of assets (accounts receivable), which creates no debt and no fixed costs. Instead, factoring costs are variable costs, which are only incurred at the time when the sales revenue has already been realized. You can also think of it as a small reduction in revenue (similar to a 2% net 10 arrangement that most businesses would grant their customers anyway in return for receiving accelerated payment on their invoices). Bank loans and credit lines are also limited in size and require re-application if more money is needed later on. Factoring facilities typically grow automatically with your sales and without the need to re-apply.
With recourse factoring, the seller of the receivables is ultimately responsible if his customers do not pay the invoices. With non-recourse factoring, the factoring company bears that risk only in cases where the customer (debtor) is bankrupt and cannot pay. However, if the debtor simply disputes the invoices and just refuses to pay for whatever reason (other than bankruptcy), the seller of the receivables is still responsible towards the factoring company, regardless of a non-recourse agreement. A non-recourse agreement merely eliminates the credit risk to the seller in one situation only: in case of his customer's bankruptcy. Non-recourse factoring facilities may also carry higher rates and usually have more restrictive underwriting criteria. They may sound more attractive but are not necessarily a better choice than a recourse arrangement. In fact, many business owners have merely entered into a non-recourse arrangement, only because they erroneously believed that it would shield them against all non- and short-payments of their invoices, regardless of the reasons behind them.
A potentially "bad image" as a result of using factoring is indeed an occasionally real but equally unfounded concern. Factoring has come a long way over the past few thousand years and is certainly nothing to be embarrassed about anymore. In fact, your creditworthy customers are most likely very familiar with factoring already, and chances are that some of their other vendors are already using it too (especially if your customers are particularly slow payors). The obvious thing to avoid is, of course, a factoring company that is less than professional and/or overly aggressive in their collection efforts. And a bad personal experience or "hear-say" is certainly a valid reason why some people might frown at factoring. Unawareness or unfamiliarity might also create some barriers and initial rejection. However, a good, professional factoring company may even enhance your image and also improve your working relationship with your customers. Remember, all businesses require some form of financing, no matter what life cycle they are in; and being able to secure any kind of business financing these days usually signals strength, stability, and strong potential, rather than weakness.
You obtain immediate and dependable access to working capital (which grows with your business!) without incurring additional debt, because it is not a loan.
You accelerate the conversion of your A/R into working capital and thus turn your operation into a COD-like business.
Contrary to bank financing and investor money, you obtain cash funds quickly based on the creditworthiness of your customers, not yours.
Opening a factoring account requires a minimal amount of time and paperwork.
There are no restrictions on the use of the funds as long as it is for a business purpose. You can use the money for on-time payroll, tax payments, marketing activities, business expansion, new equipment, or even to retire old debts. Sometimes on-time cash may even eliminate the need to file for bankruptcy.
Factoring can boost your purchasing power and provide leverage vis-à-vis your vendors. You can take advantage of their early payment or volume discounts.
Factoring makes it easier for your customers to buy from you, because you can offer extended payment terms without adversely affecting your cash flow.
The extension of terms can give you an edge over your competitors who cannot afford to give such terms.
Factoring eliminates the need to offer early payment discounts to your customers.
With factoring, you retain full ownership and control over your business, as you are not giving up any equity.
As it is an "off-balance-sheet" financing instrument, factoring improves your balance sheet and increases the net-worth of your company by increasing cash and decreasing Accounts Receivable.
Factoring quickly strengthens your company's financial statements and credit rating.
Factoring can help your company qualify more quickly for traditional bank financing if you still need/want it.
Factoring provides you with credit screening and credit monitoring tools of your current and future customers.
Gives you the financial freedom and peace of mind to focus on your business and its growth instead of administration.


Arun Saini , Gurgaon - Strange behaviour of "cin"
Subject: Strange behaviour of "cin"
I provide the trace below.
that the goodbit was set.
Any ideas why the failbit is getting set.
I am using cc 3.0.3 and the libstdc++ that comes along with it on SCO 5.0.5.
56  //195.  Should basic_istream::sentry's constructor ever set eofbit?


SALE Archives - Singapore's Best Tailor Since 1935.
The Colourful Custom-made Shirt SALE!
Get a custom-made 100% Egyptian Cotton shirt for only S$115 and upwards! Offer valid for a range of 90 selected fabrics only, sale price is different for each fabric and all fabrics are while stocks last. Promotion valid until 13th October 2013. Other T&Cs apply.
The Great Singapore Sale is here again! Get yourself a tailor-made 100% Egyptian Cotton shirt in any of these 20 fabrics for only $119 (U.P. $165)! Offer valid from 31st May to 28th July 2013. While stocks last! This offer is available at all 3 CYC stores and also available for mail order.


Internships help students define interests, sharpen skills, evaluate plans for employment and connect with people who may provide leads for full-time employment. Frequently, internships pave the way for full-time jobs after graduation.
Greensboro College is pleased to be working with College Central Network (CCN) as its official resume ad job posting service. Employers are encouraged to click on the CCN logo at the top of this page to request a free CCN account to post a position. All employment and internship opportunities can be listed for free in Greensboro College's CCN network. Unless otherwise indicated, jobs are posted for 30 days and internships are always visible. Please be sure to include application instructions for candidates!
Site supervisors of interns should review the information in Greensboro College's Site Supervisor Internship Handbook.
Greensboro College loves a happy endings and great beginnings- the ending of one chapter, college, and the start of a new one, a career. Please let us know if you have hired a Greensboro College graduate by using the "Report a Hire" option in CCN or by emailing career@greensboro.edu. We appreciate all you do for our students!
Lunch Time Career Connections allow employers and graduate and professional schools the opportunity to speak to Greensboro College students about their organization, available internship and employment opportunities, and programs while mingling with students outside the Fowler Dining Hall during the lunch hours, a less formal environment.
Lunch Time Career Connections can happen on most any day of your choosing. A table is set up outside the student dining area between the hours of 11:00 and 1:30, the heaviest traffic hours. Enjoy meeting our students while raising awareness of your organization. Don't forget to bring materials that will help our students learn about your organization and potential opportunities!
Employers and professionals who wish to come to campus to meet Greensboro College students and talk to them about their organization, internship and employment opportunities may call 336-272-7102 xtn 5370 or email caryn.atwater@greensboro.edu for further information.
Lunch Time Career Connections are also a great opportunity for GC alum to give back to Greensboro College and current students by coming back and speaking to our students about topics and issues that will help them to be successful.


If you have the new Tentacle SYNC E, you do not need a cable anymore to do the setup.
If you tap on one Tentacle, you'll get to the regular Setup interface (which you might know from the Original Tentacle Sync Box).
For more information on the Setup options of the App go here.


Duxbury Romps in $50,000 He's My Man Classic!
West Palm Beach, Fl. – When Rader Racing Kennel's Duxbury drew the eight-post position at the press conference for the $50,000 He's My Man Classic, the people in attendance broke into applause, and for good reason. They knew something special had just happened. And they were right!
Duxbury romped to an easy victory in our premier event on the 545-Yard Royal Palm Course in a stake record-setting clocking of 29.07 seconds, beating the previous record of the Rader Racing kenneled and Steve Sarras owned All-American Rob Gronkowski (29.25).
Duxbury collected a cool $25,000 for her record setting victory!
PJS Its All Me, Bessie Coleman and Magnus Marvel finished second, third and fourth, respectively.
The Classic is named in honor of Palm Beach Kennel Club racing legend and the track's first multimedia sensation He's My Man and dedicated to the man who raised and trained "Roscoe", Bill Pappas.


A blog about a former athlete trying not to get fat in college.
For this post, I will be sharing some awesome and creative workout tips that are really fun. They are tips that will hopefully motivate you a little more for your workout and get you more excited to get in shape. I hope you enjoy!
1. Make yourself motivational notes.
Add your favorite quotes to them and stick them in places you go by often. Everyone could use a little more inspiration in their lives!
2. Invest in flattering workout clothes.
The hip is a ball-and-socket joint, where the top of the thigh bone (femur) is shaped like a ball and connects at the cup-shaped area in the pelvis (acetabulum). Stability stems from the ligaments and muscles that connect the femur to the pelvis. Mobility comes from the many muscle groups that allow you to move your leg across all planes of motion, including the hip flexors, adductors, abductors and gluteals. Weak and stiff muscles can compromise your mobility and produce pain.


Prednisone (Prednisolone) is used to treat many different conditions. It is used to treat endocrine (hormonal) disorders when the body does not produce enough of its own steroids. It is also used to treat many disorders such as arthritis, lupus, severe psoriasis, severe asthma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn.
Ancortone, Deltasone, Meticorten, Nosipren, Prednisolone, Sterapred.


We are ready to spring into a global creative innovation company with technical development and fusion.
and overseas petrochemical, and shipbuilding plant industries.
We has an annual production capacity of 5 million meters of pipe and tubes.
We focuses on providing our customers with a service that intergrates manufacturing, and on-time delivery of high quality products.
We will provide the best solution, satisfaction to the customer by supplying them with high technology.
We look forward to a warm relationship that we are building together.


text:
Mimosa eurycarpa är en ärtväxtart som beskrevs av Robinson. Mimosa eurycarpa ingår i släktet mimosor, och familjen ärtväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Mimosor
eurycarpa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Blue links in Gmail got you down, too?
This post covers how to fix blue links in iOS. If you're struggling with blue links in Gmail, we've got you covered.
I'm sure you've noticed it before: phone numbers, addresses, dates, and—sometimes seemingly random—words like 'tonight' automatically turn blue and underlined in emails viewed on an iOS device. These bits of information trigger app-driven events, such as making a call, launching a map, or creating a calendar event. This well-intentioned behavior from Apple can be super handy in plain-text or personal emails, but can be a nuisance in HTML emails.
In this blog post, we'll show you some examples of blue linking in action and introduce some coding techniques that will ban those blue links from your emails.
In this example, iOS has activated a couple bits of date-based text to trigger a calendar event associated with the listed dates. Unfortunately, the bright blue links on a turquoise background makes the text very hard to read.
We commonly see brick-and-mortar retailers include nearby store locations in their promotional emails—a great dynamic content and geolocation strategy! However, those addresses and phone numbers also fall victim to auto-linking behaviors that might not sync up with the overall branding of the email.
How many iOS subscribers do you have?
Readers of our original post suggested utilizing meta tags, foo-ing links or including a funny thing called a zero-width non-joiner. Let's take a look at each proposed solution.
While this solution did remove the blue styling from telephone links, it also removed the tap-to-call functionality the link also provides.
Verdict: Tread carefully. While this solves the branding/style issue, it also removes functionality that users may be accustomed to (and may prevent subscribers from being able to call you!).
The entity for ZWNJ is placed right after the first number of the address.
This solution worked, but it was a bit onerous to implement. Just as the meta tag approach, it removes the link entirely, stripping what could be useful functionality for the user.
Verdict: zero-width non-joiners remove blue links and but also remove useful functionality. Similar to the meta tags above, tread this approach with caution.
While this fix is limited to phone numbers, it's a great option for those specifically targeting phone numbers. However, they would have to find a separate solution for address and dates. Also, if you need more than one phone number style (for example, black in body copy but grey in the footer), this solution is a no-go.
Verdict: A great solution if blue phone numbers are your only issue.
Note: Since Gmail does not support attribute selectors which this style declaration uses. Anything else in the same <style></style> block as this style declaration will be stripped from emails opened in Gmail. To prevent this from happening simply place the above style declaration in its own <style></style> block in the <head> of your email.
This simple solution not only covers addresses but all automatically detected links—phone numbers and dates, too! However, like the technique used in Test 3, this technique relies on the use of an attribute selector which is not supported in Gmail. As per the previous technique, ensure you place this style declaration in its own <style></style> block to prevent an entire <style></style> block being stripped.
Verdict: Our favorite solution when battling blue links on iOS devices. The functionality of the link is intact and the phone numbers, addresses, or dates can be styled to match your email's design. See the Email Previews and code in action for this technique.
What do your links look like on iOS devices?
Test your emails on iOS devices, plus other popular email clients and devices with Litmus to see how your emails (and links!) are rendering. Always remember to check links off your pre-flight to-do with Litmus Checklist.