text:
Q: Specific colour in equation links In hyperref package, is it possible to specify a specific color for equation links different than other link colors ?
Following are present color specifications that I am using for hyperref package
colorlinks=true,       % false: boxed links; true: colored links
linkcolor=red,          % color of internal links
citecolor=blue,        % color of links to bibliography
filecolor=magenta,      % color of file links
urlcolor=cyan

(Is it possible to do it with \cref ?)
Thanks.

A: You can define your own link command for equations and change the (border) color for links locally.
LaTeX with \ref
\documentclass[a5paper]{article}

\usepackage{xcolor}
\colorlet{linkequation}{blue}
\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}

\newcommand*{\refeq}[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \hypersetup{
      linkcolor=linkequation,
      linkbordercolor=linkequation,
    }%
    \ref{#1}%
  \endgroup
}

\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\section{Example}\label{sec:example}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:einstein}
E=mc^2
\end{equation}
See section \ref{sec:example} and equation \refeq{eq:einstein}.
\end{document}

Package amsmath and \eqref
And an example for the redefinition of \eqref from package amsmath:
\documentclass[a5paper]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\usepackage{xcolor}
\colorlet{linkequation}{blue}
\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}

\newcommand*{\SavedEqref}{}
\let\SavedEqref\eqref
\renewcommand*{\eqref}[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \hypersetup{
      linkcolor=linkequation,
      linkbordercolor=linkequation,
    }%
    \SavedEqref{#1}%
  \endgroup
}

\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\section{Example}\label{sec:example}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:einstein}
E=mc^2
\end{equation}
See section \ref{sec:example} and equation \eqref{eq:einstein}.
\end{document}

Package cleveref and \cref
\documentclass[a5paper]{article}

\usepackage{xcolor}
\colorlet{linkequation}{blue}
\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}
\usepackage{cleveref}

\makeatletter
\creflabelformat{equation}{%
  \textup{%
    \hypersetup{
      linkcolor=linkequation,
      linkbordercolor=linkequation,
    }%
    (#2#1#3)%
  }%
}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\section{Example}\label{sec:example}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:einstein}
E=mc^2
\end{equation}
See section \ref{sec:example} and \cref{eq:einstein}.
\end{document}


text:
Mad For Morels
Good Enough...
Onward Christian Soldiers
By Max Blumenthal
It's Sweet For Sauer
Big Ideas Still Matter
Oh! Calcutta!
By Lauren McAllister
Grand Slam By Damn
Betsy's Turn 05/22/03
The Zimmer Appraisal
Betsy's Turn
Bedwetters No More
By Alan Sculley
The 'No Surprises' Rule
Harmony Valley
By Pia K. Hansen
By Clint Burgess
Branches Of The Same Tree
By Paul Seebeck
Coeur d'Alene Summer Theatre: OKLAHOMA! @ Kroc Center
Wed., July 17, 7:30-9:30 p.m., Thu., July 18, 7:30-9:30 p.m., Fri., July 19, 7:30-9:30 p.m., Sat., July 20, 7:30-9:30 p.m., Sun., July 21, 2-4 p.m., Wed., July 24, 7:30-9:30 p.m., Thu., July 25, 7:30-9:30 p.m., Fri., July 26, 7:30-9:30 p.m., Sat., July 27, 7:30-9:30 p.m. and Sun., July 28, 2-4 p.m.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Today we are continuing on with the Winter Window Remake. If you don't know what I'm talking about, scroll down to last week post and take a peek.
Last week we remade the Winter window stamp by Northwoods into a fall scene.
Today, I'm going to show you Summer and Spring Scenes.
Window stamp is stamped on pink card stock distressed with vintage photo ink.
Daisys on the window sill are from the bottom of the tulip stamp.
Shells on the window sill are an unmounted stamp and I don't know whose it is.
these are looking beautiful sue.
I like the two ladies they are great.
Your cards are wonderful! Love your windows!
Sue, I love this card. I remember when Rubbernecker came to our conventions...I did a make and take with the beach babes...so very fun!


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Luckily, yesterday was another hot & sunny day.
After arranging something important for my upcoming study year, I went outside to tan – and kept doing something important. I had found my interior text-book the day before and laid down to read + memorizing technical terms and expressions. But after dinner and ice cream break plus some more work, I got tired of doing just the same.
This entry was posted in Life and tagged Coffee, Ice cream, important stuff, Interior, Life, Norwegian summer, Sun, Sunny day, technical terms on 15/08/2012 by EdgyPop.
I know, it's a bit boring with just music and Instagram updates lately. But there havent been much going on in my life, due to my cold. Still, I had a great day yesterday and I can't wait to edit pictures and post them, I just need to get hold on my camera which is at a friend at the moment. But I am sure I'll get to post them later today.
2. Monki is finally in T-town!
3. Day of the mock exam, didn't feel so ready.
5. Garlic bread, one of my biggest loves.
7. Friday power nap, very much needed.
9. I have a serious addictions for veins that pops out. Fetiiish.
11. I look so tan in the dark, liking it a lot.
12. Rings and lip balm in my school desk.
14. Oh my, pastel colored shorts for 150NOK each. I got them all.
15. Got this bruise after holding on to the 15 kg weight a bit weirdly.
16. Post notice about my new sweater from galstar~!
17. The sweater, I love it so much!
18. Ice tea with bubbles. New and interesting. Going to get addicted.
20. Walking in the sun, one of those days it started to get a bit warmer.
This entry was posted in Instagram and tagged bruise, Homemade, Instagram, Life, math, Mock es, Shopping, Sparkling Ice tea, strawberries, Sun, tan, Tea bubbles, Weights on 28/05/2012 by EdgyPop.
It seems that takin pictures of our cats at home is obligatory while being here for the holidays. These are some I snapped of the oldest lady in the house while she sat on the railings sunbathing a few days ago. Before the snow came. She's a beautiful and proud lady kitten.
This entry was posted in Pictures and tagged Cat, Kitten, Nikon D3100, Photography, Spring, Sun, sunbathing on 02/04/2012 by EdgyPop.


text:
Beyond the Sea () é um filme de drama musical biográfico estadunidense de 2004 baseado na vida do cantor e ator Bobby Darin. Estrelando no papel principal e usando sua própria voz para os números musicais, Kevin Spacey co-escreveu, dirigiu e co-produziu o filme, que leva o título da canção de Darin com o mesmo nome.

Beyond the Sea retrata a ascensão de Darin ao sucesso na indústria musical e cinematográfica durante os anos 1950 e 1960, bem como seu casamento com Sandra Dee, retratada por Kate Bosworth.

Já em 1986, Barry Levinson pretendia dirigir um filme baseado na vida de Darin, e ele começou a pré-produção do projeto no início de 1997. Quando ele finalmente deixou o cargo de diretor, Spacey, junto com o filho de Darin, Dodd, adquiriu o direitos do filme.

As filmagens de Beyond the Sea ocorreram de novembro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004. Foi lançado em dezembro de 2004, com críticas mistas e fracassou nas bilheterias. Dodd Darin, Sandra Dee e o ex-empresário da Darin Steve Blauner responderam com entusiasmo ao trabalho de Spacey no filme. Apesar de uma série de críticas negativas, alguns críticos elogiaram o desempenho de Spacey, em grande parte por causa de sua decisão de usar sua própria voz para cantar. Ele recebeu uma indicação ao Globo de Ouro.

Sinopse
Em vez de fornecer uma biografia direta, o filme tece sequências de fantasia com cenas contendo relatos um tanto fictícios de eventos na vida de Darin e, ao longo dela, o cantor adulto interage com seu eu mais jovem. Ele narra sua determinação de sair de suas raízes da classe trabalhadora como Walden Robert Cassotto, um menino frágil do Bronx atormentado por vários ataques de febre reumática, que se torna um cantor mais famoso que Frank Sinatra. Para atingir esse objetivo, ele forma uma banda e se esforça para conseguir shows em qualquer casa noturna que o contrate.

Seu agente consegue um contrato de gravação para Darin com a Atlantic Records, onde o cantor faz o sucesso de ídolo adolescente com "Splish Splash". Não querendo limitar seu apelo ao público de rock and roll, ele muda seu nicho para cantar em big band e gravar grandes sucessos, como "Mack the Knife". Para capitalizar sua popularidade com o público adolescente e jovem, Darin é escalado para Come September, contracenando com Sandra Dee. Ele se apaixona pela atriz de 18 anos; determinado a se casar com ela, ele romanticamente a seduz e a encanta com canções como "Beyond the Sea" e "Dream Lover", Eles fogem, irritando sua mãe. Darin finalmente realiza o sonho de sua mãe ao assinar um contrato para se apresentar na famosa boate Copacabana, em Manhattan.

Conforme o sucesso o leva para a estrada e para longe de casa, Dee começa a beber muito, e o casal briga com frequência. Eventualmente, eles se separam e depois se reconciliam. Ela deu à luz um filho, Dodd. Para desgosto de sua esposa atriz, Darin foi nomeado para o Oscar de Melhor Ator Coadjuvante por sua atuação como um soldado em estado de choque em Captain Newman, M.D.

No final dos anos 1960, Darin se envolve na campanha para eleger Robert F. Kennedy para presidente dos Estados Unidos e contempla uma carreira política própria. Sua irmã Nina, sabendo que seu passado será investigado de perto se Bobby optar por entrar na arena política, o choca com a notícia de que sua amada mãe era na verdade sua avó e que ele é filho ilegítimo de Nina, filho de um pai que ela não consegue identificar.

Devastado, Darin se torna um recluso vivendo em um trailer na costa de Big Sur, na Califórnia. Ele se encontra em descompasso com as tendências musicais em constante mudança, e quando tenta se adaptar incorporando música folclórica e canções de protesto em seu repertório, ele se vê rejeitado pelo público que antes o abraçou. Destemido, ele encena um show completo com um coro gospel, no Flamingo Hotel em Las Vegas, e contra todas as probabilidades, é um grande sucesso.

No entanto, seu triunfo durou pouco. Sofrendo de envenenamento no sangue após uma cirurgia para consertar sua válvula cardíaca mecânica , Darin é levado às pressas para o hospital, onde morre aos 37 anos. Após sua morte, ele encontra sua contraparte mais jovem, e os dois fazem dueto com "As Long as I'm Singing".

Elenco
 Kevin Spacey como Bobby Darin, que cresceu de suas raízes de classe baixa para se tornar um dos artistas de rock and roll e big band mais populares de todos os tempos.
 Kate Bosworth como Sandra Dee, a atriz popular que se casa com Bobby. Embora eles tenham se divorciado em 1967, Sandra disse que sempre o amou verdadeira e profundamente e que sempre o faria e, portanto, nunca se casou novamente.
 Bob Hoskins como Charlie Maffia, que atua como uma figura paterna e considera Bobby como seu filho.
 John Goodman como Stephen Blauner, o dedicado gerente de talentos de Bobby. Mais tarde, Blauner se tornou um produtor cinematográfico de sucesso com filmes como The King of Marvin Gardens (1972) e Drive, He Said (1971).
 Brenda Blethyn como Polly Cassotto, a avó materna biológica de Bobby, que lhe ensinou música quando criança.
 Caroline Aaron como Nina Cassotto Maffia, a mãe biológica de Bobby, que ele acreditava ser sua irmã mais velha até que ela lhe disse a verdade quando ele tinha 33 anos.
 Greta Scacchi como Mary Douvan, a mãe superprotetora de Sandra.
 Peter Cincotti como Dick Behrke, arranjador e pianista de Bobby.
 Matt Rippy como David Gershenson, o publicitário de Bobby.
 William Ullrich como o jovem Bobby.

Cathy Moriarty-Gentile e Vanessa Redgrave foram originalmente escaladas para Beyond the Sea, mas ambas as atrizes desistiram por razões não especificadas.

Desenvolvimento

Barry Levinson
A partir de 1986, Barry Levinson pretendia produzir e dirigir um filme biográfico baseado na vida de Darin com financiamento de sua própria produtora, a Baltimore Pictures. Com o escritor Lewis Colick, Levinson apresentou a ideia à Warner Bros. Pictures, que concordou em cofinanciar The Bobby Darin Story e cobrir as tarefas de distribuição. O produtor Arthur Friedman, um fã do trabalho de Darin, começou a negociar laboriosamente por um licenciamento musical crucial dos direitos com a ex-mulher de Darin, Sandra Dee; seu filho, Dodd; e o ex-gerente Steve Blauner. Colick escreveu o primeiro rascunho em 1987 antes que a Warner Bros. e Levinson encomendassem reescritas de Paul Attanasio e Paul Schrader. Seus roteiros, que mantiveram o título de The Bobby Darin Story, se concentraram no alcoolismo de Sandra Dee e no abuso sexual infantil cometido por seu padrasto. David Gershenson, amigo de longa data de Darin, publicitário e gerente, juntou-se ao projeto como consultor histórico.  Tom Cruise estava supostamente sob consideração para retratar Darin.

Enquanto isso, em maio de 1994, a Warner Bros. adquiriu o livro de Dodd Darin, Dream Lovers (). James Toback e Lorenzo Carcaterra foram contratados para reescrever The Bobby Darin Story de Attanasio , que eles renomearam Dreamer na tentativa de incorporar as informações presentes em Dream Lovers de Dodd Darin. O roteiro de Toback focava fortemente na febre reumática da infância de Darin e na luta ao longo da vida contra doenças cardíacas. Ele também seguiu os scripts anteriores de Attanasio e Schrader. A pesquisa detalhada de Carcaterra incluiu discos musicais de Darin, vídeos caseiros, primeiros clipes de televisão, biografias autorizadas e não autorizadas, artigos de jornais e entrevistas em revistas. "Decidi me encontrar com muitas pessoas da vida real associadas a Bobby Darin até que [Levinson] disse que estava tirando o foco de Bobby", explicou Carcaterra. Como resultado, algumas das cenas favoritas do escritor, incluindo um confronto de Las Vegas com Elvis Presley, foram omitidas de seu terceiro e último rascunho, que chegou a 164 páginas.

A partir de 1994, Kevin Spacey ofereceu seus serviços para interpretar Bobby Darin,  mas os cineastas acreditaram que o ator era muito velho. Por volta dessa época, Spacey coincidentemente executou a versão cover de "That Old Black Magic" de Darin para a trilha sonora de Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. O ator explicou que depois de 1994, "pelo menos três vezes por ano, meu empresário ligava para a Warner Bros. e dizia: 'Ei, o que está acontecendo com aquele filme de Bobby Darin? Vocês algum dia vão fazer isso?'"

Com as filmagens começando originalmente no final de 1997, a pré-produção de Dreamer estava começando, e Levinson começou a discutir o filme com vários atores, incluindo Johnny Depp como Bobby Darin, Drew Barrymore como Sandra Dee, Bette Midler como a mãe biológica de Darin Nina e Bruno Kirby como marido de Nina/braço direito de Darin, Charlie Mafia. Levinson eventualmente desocupou a posição de diretor em favor de Liberty Heights (1999); por não conseguir colocar Dreamer na produção, a Warner Bros. perdeu os direitos de licenciamento musical, que reverteram para a propriedade Darin.

Kevin Spacey
Em março de 1999, a Dick Clark Productions anunciou sua parceria com Dodd Darin em um filme biográfico, com a colaboração do produtor Arthur Friedman, que vinha desenvolvendo The Bobby Darin Story e Dreamer com Levinson na Warner Bros. desde 1986. Pouco depois, Spacey estava em discussões com Dodd Darin para estrelar o papel principal. Spacey foi capaz de adquirir os direitos do filme da Warner Bros. no início de 2000. Com a ajuda de Dodd Darin, o ator também recebeu direitos musicais exclusivos sem nenhum custo. Com sua atuação vencedora do Oscar em American Beauty (1999), Paramount Pictures interessou-se em distribuir / financiar Beyond the Sea. O negócio fracassou quando a Paramount disse a Spacey que ele estava muito velho para o papel e que preferia Leonardo DiCaprio. A partir de outubro de 2000, Spacey teve aulas de treinamento vocal com o colaborador de Darin, Roger Kellaway, para dar um retrato preciso do cantor.

Spacey também manteve relações estreitas com a família Darin como um meio de saber que ele trataria o filme "com respeito". Ele enviou cartas nesse sentido a Sandra Dee e seu filho Dodd. Steve Blauner (que é retratado por John Goodman no filme) também atuou como consultor histórico.  Dodd originalmente considerou o plano de Spacey de cantar o material de seu pai um sacrilégio, mas acabou entrando em sincronia com a abordagem profundamente empática de Spacey para a vida de Darin.

Tom Epperson, que fez amizade com Spacey enquanto escrevia o primeiro rascunho do roteiro de The Shipping News, foi contratado para escrever um novo rascunho para Beyond the Sea. O roteiro de Epperson incluía a tendência de Darin para orgias após seu divórcio com Sandra Dee. Spacey, achando o script de Epperson abertamente sombrio e mórbido, começou a reescrever Beyond the Sea, incorporando informações do script de Lewis Colick de 1987. Spacey reconheceu que retratou Darin com muita simpatia e decidiu não retratar o lado mais sombrio da vida de Darin de maneira central. "Os outros scripts fizeram de Bobby [Darin] uma figura bastante desagradável", explicou ele. "Eu não estava interessado em fazer um filme biográfico convencional, como você pode ver pelos resultados. Eu estava interessado em fazer uma celebração exuberante de um artista de uma forma que fosse edificante para o público."

Ao fazer o filme biográfico, Dodd Darin e Spacey reconheceram as experiências de carreira semelhantes entre Darin e Spacey. "Muitas pessoas duvidaram das habilidades de meu pai, e Kevin tinha céticos e opositores", comentou Dodd. "Mas os dois [homens] estavam dispostos a correr riscos e eram muito resistentes. Meu pai sempre tentava coisas novas. Você nunca conseguiria prendê-lo. A carreira de Kevin é semelhante." David Evanier, autor de Roman Candle: The Life of Bobby Darin (), disse "Você pode comparar a obsessão de Kevin em fazer o filme à obsessão de Bobby. Ele também é a pessoa ideal para interpretar Bobby. Ele tem uma semelhança física incrível com ele, e também tem a intensidade e o lado sombrio de Bobby. Além disso, há a conexão com sua mãe. A crença da mãe de Bobby nele o fez disparar. A mãe de Kevin queria que ele fizesse este filme. Kevin vê o filme como um ato de devoção à mãe."

"Acho que o filme é sobre mães e filhos", disse Spacey, referindo-se ao relacionamento de Darin com sua mãe Polly e sua irmã Nina. A mãe de Spacey, Kathleen Fowler, morreu de câncer no cérebro pouco antes do início da produção. "Fiz o filme para todas as mães, mas especialmente para minha mãe. Ela me apresentou a Bobby Darin. Quando ela ficou muito doente em 2002, parei tudo e cuidei dela. Tocávamos constantemente discos de Bobby Darin e eu deixe-a ouvir as faixas que eu estava gravando. Fico feliz que ela tenha passado sabendo que esse era o filme que eu faria." Depois de suas atuações premiadas em The Usual Suspects e American Beauty, Spacey "optou por se afastar dos personagens sombrios e sarcásticos,e, em vez disso, interpretar homens danificados, mas de bom coração" em filmes como Pay It Forward, K-PAX e The Shipping News. O ator foi criticado por sua mudança de carreira; Spacey reconheceu as semelhanças quando Darin integrou música folclórica e canções de protesto.

Produção
Em fevereiro de 2003, foi anunciado que a produção de Beyond the Sea estava se tornando acelerada, com Spacey como ator principal, co-roteirista, produtor e diretor, e Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) concordou em cobrir os deveres de distribuição na América do Norte.  Em agosto, com a fotografia principal começando em apenas algumas semanas, a MGM abandonou o cargo de distribuidor e principal financiador devido a conflitos de agendamento. Para acumular o financiamento do orçamento de US$25 milhões do filme, que veio de produtoras estrangeiras, Spacey executou seis canções no American Film Market em novembro de 2003. Lions Gate Entertainment rapidamente assumiu as obrigações de distribuição e Spacey encontrou investidores suficientes da Inglaterra e da Alemanha para continuar avançando na produção..

Além disso, Spacey se recusou a ser pago por seu trabalho como ator, diretor, co-roteirista e produtor em Beyond the Sea. Uma parte do orçamento de US $ 25 milhões veio de sua própria Trigger Street Productions. O produtor Arthur Friedman, que conduziu o filme biográfico desde 1987, comentou que ele e Spacey experimentaram diferenças criativas durante a pré-produção. Friedman comentou que não esteve envolvido com Beyond the Sea depois que a produção começou na Alemanha. As filmagens foram originalmente programadas para começar em junho de 2003  antes de serem adiadas para 7 de novembro de 2003, durando até o final de janeiro de 2004. Oitenta por cento de Beyond the Sea foi filmado usando palcos de som nos estúdios Babelsberg na Alemanha e nos estúdios Pinewood na Inglaterra. Lulworth Cove, Dorset, Sudoeste da Inglaterra dobrou para o cenário de reclusão de Darin em Big Sur, Califórnia. Em uma tentativa de retratar de forma convincente Darin, particularmente durante as primeiras fases da vida do cantor retratado no filme, Spacey contratou o estilista de maquiagem e prótese Peter King da trilogia cinematográfica O Senhor dos Anéis.

Música

Trilha sonora
O álbum da trilha sonora apresenta 18 faixas interpretadas por Kevin Spacey.

Lançamento

Marketing
Para promover Beyond the Sea, Spacey e Phil Ramone planejaram uma turnê por 12 cidades nos Estados Unidos intitulada An Evening Celebrating the Music of Bobby Darin, que consistia na apresentação de Spacey com uma banda de 19 integrantes. "Sou eu cantando Bobby e falando sobre Bobby e falando um pouco sobre o filme", explicou Spacey em junho de 2004. Spacey se vestiu com fantasias do filme para a turnê, que começou em San Francisco e viajou por Los Angeles, Nova York, Boston, Chicago, Miami e Atlantic City antes de terminar no Wayne Newton Theatre no Stardust Hotel em Las Vegas. A performance de Spacey no Waldorf-Astoria Hotel em 11 de dezembro de 2004 recebeu uma ovação de pé.  Dodd Darin comentou: "Dizia-se sobre meu pai que ele tinha uns grandes de latão. Fazer um filme sobre meu pai é uma coisa, outra é sair e tentar trabalhar em uma boate. Kevin tem muita coragem. Eu acho que ele soa bem." O filme foi exibido e promovido no Festival Internacional de Cinema de Toronto em 11 de setembro de 2004.

Arbitragem WGA
A partir de outubro de 2004, o Writers Guild of America, West conduziu uma arbitragem para determinar o crédito de redação dos roteiros que foram escritos desde que Barry Levinson, que desenvolveu o filme na Warner Bros. em 1987, deixou o projeto. Lewis Colick, James Toback e Tom Epperson se dissociaram para receber o crédito do WGA. The Guild justificou o crédito a Colick, que escreveu o primeiro rascunho de The Bobby Darin Story em 1987, e Kevin Spacey. O ator e escritor Jeffrey Meek acreditava que merecia crédito; ele recebeu $85.000 dos $125.000 prometidos para liquidar sua reivindicação.

Spacey disse que Meek "não era um escritor contratado" para Beyond the Sea. "Ele entregou um rascunho, mas era um rascunho baseado em material anterior baseado em meus próprios roteiros", Spacey disse que Meek foi contratado pelo produtor Harvey Friedman, um amigo que ajudou a conectá-lo com Spacey, e que apóia sua alegação de ter produzido 12 rascunhos, incluindo um que foi relatado pela Variety como tendo recebido luz verde da MGM no início de 2003. "Ele comprou meu material e depois agi como se não existisse", explicou Meek. "Não estou dizendo que sou Rembrandt, mas é como se alguém comprasse um quadro e depois risse o nome dele e ponha o seu próprio lá."

Recepção

Resposta crítica
Beyond the Sea recebeu críticas mistas dos críticos. Com base em 147 resenhas coletadas pelo Rotten Tomatoes, 42% dos críticos deram ao filme uma resenha positiva, com uma pontuação média de 5.2/10. Seu consenso afirma que "A biografia de Kevin Spacey do cantor Bobby Darin é um espetáculo destemido ou um projeto embaraçoso de vaidade, de acordo com os críticos." Metacritic calculou uma pontuação média ponderada de 46/100, com base em 35 revisões.

Sandra Dee, Dodd Darin, Jimmy Scalia e Steve Blauner responderam com entusiasmo ao trabalho de Spacey no filme. Mick LaSalle do San Francisco Chronicle sentiu que Spacey parecia muito velho para retratar Darin convincentemente e chamou o filme de "um dos espetáculos mais embaraçosos de 2004" e "de cair o queixo horrível, um projeto de vaidade mal planejado e mal concebido." Desson Thomson do The Washington Post elogiou o trabalho do ator, mas também sentiu que Spacey não retratou Darin de forma convincente em seu início de carreira musical. O revisor da Internet James Berardinelli descobriu que o enredo era abertamente clichê, mas acrescentou: "Apesar da narrativa instável e do elenco inadequado de Spacey, Beyond the Sea conseguiu me manter entretido."

Roger Ebert fez uma crítica bastante positiva, afirmando: "Kevin Spacey acredita que nasceu para interpretar Bobby Darin. Acredito que ele nasceu para interpretar personagens mais interessantes... Em seu melhor trabalho, Spacey alcançou a genialidade; ele é melhor porque um ator do que Darin jamais foi como cantor." Stephen Holden do The New York Times sentiu que "com Beyond the Sea, Spacey rasteja de volta de sua busca condenada para ser um homem comum como Tom Hanks para seu nicho na parte inferior do panteão de Hollywood. O filme é uma bagunça, Spacey, 45, é muito velho para interpretar Darin. No entanto, a estrela captura seu desespero, sua fanfarronice e, sim, seu magnetismo." Peter Travers, escrevendo na revista Rolling Stone acreditava que Spacey não poderia impedir "o filme de gemer sob o peso dos clichês biográficos. Mas o ator cria um vínculo com seu tema que corrige todos os erros. Cantando por conta própria (uma imitação misteriosa), Spacey é uma maravilha."

Bilheteria
O filme estreou com lançamento limitado nos Estados Unidos em 17 de dezembro de 2004 e teve um lançamento mais amplo em 29 de dezembro. Arrecadou $6.318.709 nos Estados Unidos e $2.128.906 nos mercados internacionais, com uma bilheteria mundial total de $8.447.615. Foi declarado um fracasso nas bilheterias porque não recuperou seu orçamento de $25 milhões.

Premiações
Spacey foi indicado ao Globo de Ouro de melhor ator em comédia ou musical, mas perdeu para Jamie Foxx por Ray. Ele e Phil Ramone também foram indicados para o Grammy de Melhor Álbum de Compilação de Trilha Sonora para um Filme, Televisão ou Outra Mídia Visual, mas perderam para os produtores de Ray.

Mídia doméstica
Em 7 de junho de 2005, o filme foi lançado em DVD no formato widescreen anamórfico para os mercados da Região 1. Possui duas trilhas de áudio em inglês Dolby Digital (uma em estéreo 2.0 e outra em som surround 5.1), comentários do diretor de Spacey e um making-of.

Ligações externas

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2004
Filmes de drama biográfico dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de drama musical dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de drama biográfico da década de 2000
Filmes de drama musical da década de 2000
Filmes ambientados na década de 1940
Filmes ambientados na década de 1950
Filmes ambientados em 1958
Filmes ambientados na década de 1960
Filmes ambientados na década de 1970
Filmes da Lions Gate
Filmes da Pinewood Studios
Filmes baseados em casos reais
Filmes em língua inglesa
Cinebiografias de cantores
Cinebiografias de músicos

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Normal overall mortality rate in Addison's disease, but young patients are at risk of premature death
in European Journal of Endocrinology
Martina M Erichsen
Martina M ErichsenSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Kristian Løvås
Kristian LøvåsSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
Section for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Kristian J Fougner
Kristian J FougnerSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Johan Svartberg
Johan SvartbergSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Erik R Hauge
Erik R HaugeSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Jens Bollerslev
Jens BollerslevSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Jens P Berg
Jens P BergSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Bjarne Mella
Bjarne MellaSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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Eystein S Husebye
Eystein S HusebyeSection for Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, NKS Olaviken Hospital for Old Age Psychiatry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullevål University Hospital, Aker University Hospital, Østfold Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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(Correspondence should be addressed to M M Erichsen; Email: mmer@helse-bergen.no)
https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-08-0550
Article Type:
© 2009 European Society of Endocrinology 2009
Abstract/Excerpt
Article Impact
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) is a rare autoimmune disease. Until recently, life expectancy in Addison's disease patients was considered normal.
To determine the mortality rate in Addison's disease patients.
Design and methods
i) Patients registered with Addison's disease in Norway during 1943–2005 were identified through search in hospital diagnosis registries. Scrutiny of the medical records provided diagnostic accuracy and age at diagnosis. ii) The patients who had died were identified from the National Directory of Residents. iii) Background mortality data were obtained from Statistics Norway, and standard mortality rate (SMR) calculated. iv) Death diagnoses were obtained from the Norwegian Death Cause Registry.
Totally 811 patients with Addison's disease were identified, of whom 147 were deceased. Overall SMR was 1.15 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.96–1.35), similar in females (1.18 (0.92–1.44)) and males (1.10 (0.80–1.39)). Patients diagnosed before the age of 40 had significantly elevated SMR at 1.50 (95% CI 1.09–2.01), most pronounced in males (2.03 (1.19–2.86)). Acute adrenal failure was a major cause of death; infection and sudden death were more common than in the general population. The mean ages at death for females (75.7 years) and males (64.8 years) were 3.2 and 11.2 years less than the estimated life expectancy.
Addison's disease is still a potentially lethal condition, with excess mortality in acute adrenal failure, infection, and sudden death in patients diagnosed at young age. Otherwise, the prognosis is excellent for patients with Addison's disease.
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) is caused by destruction of the adrenal cortex. The disease is rare, with prevalence estimates of 100–140 per million and incidence rates of 5–6 per million per year (1, 2, 3), in industrialized countries mostly attributed to autoimmunity (4, 5). Autoimmune Addison's disease may occur isolated or as a part of an autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) (6). About 50% of patients with Addison's disease have concurrent autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus, which is defined as APS type 2 (APS-2). Women are often more afflicted than men, and typically diagnosed between 20 and 50 years of age (4, 7). Addison's disease that commences in childhood and adolescence indicates heritable diseases such as APS type 1 (APS-1), which is an autosomal recessive disease caused by defective autoimmune regulator (AIRE) genes (8, 9). Other causes are tuberculosis, AIDS, malignant disease, and hereditary diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy, and a number of rare diseases such as mutations in the dosage-sensitive sex-reversal adrenal hypoplasia congenital gene on the X-chromosome 1 (DAX-1) (5, 10).
Once Addison's disease is diagnosed and treated, life expectancy has been considered normal. However, fatal adrenal crises are encountered in clinical practice; the incidence of such causes of deaths is not known. Analyses of the Swedish National Hospital Registry indicated increased mortality in Addison's disease patients, which was mainly ascribed to cardiovascular, malignant, and infectious diseases (11). Excess mortality was also demonstrated in patients with hypopituitarism, predominantly from vascular and respiratory disease (12). Lifelong glucocorticoid replacement therapy may cause harm, since most patients receive supra-physiological doses that can possibly institute cardiovascular disease, metabolic disturbances, infections or cancer (13). In autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, excess mortality might also be expected due to concomitant autoimmune disease.
As part of a survey of patients with verified Addison's disease in Norway, we undertook to elucidate if Addison's disease was associated with increased mortality.
Overall, study design
All patients with Addison's disease in Norway were identified in 2005 through a retrospective search in electronic hospital diagnosis registries of in-patients and out-patients. The university hospital first started listing patients in 1972 in an administrative electronic data program. All the hospitals had electronic registration of diagnoses that at least cover the last 15 years. The diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency was verified by scrutiny of patient records by endocrinologists.
Deceased patients were identified in the National Directory of Residents; their death causes were retrieved from the National Death Cause Registry. The study was approved by the local ethical committee and the Data Inspectorate of Norway. The study design is illustrated in Fig. 1.
Study design.
Citation: European Journal of Endocrinology 160, 2; 10.1530/EJE-08-0550
Download figure as PowerPoint slide
Subjects and diagnosis
We aimed at identifying all Addison patients in Norway who had been registered in a somatic hospital at least once during the last 15–35 years by searching the in-patient and out-patient registries of all somatic hospitals in Norway. The common approach with suspected or confirmed autoimmune adrenal insufficiency in Norway is to refer the patient to a consultant endocrinologist in a hospital; thus the patients are likely to be found in the hospital registries. Addison's patients are regularly seen at least once a year by a physician at the internal medicine or endocrinology department at the hospitals. This practice renders their diagnosis easily found in updated hospital registers. The search terminated on December 31st 2005; the medical departments of 57 somatic hospitals contributed lists of possible primary adrenal insufficiency, according to a specified list of diagnostic codes. The patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes 255 (ICD 8 and 9: primary adrenal insufficiency, other adrenal disease) and E27.1–4 (ICD 10: primary adrenal insufficiency, adrenal crisis, and other adrenal disease). The codes comprising adrenal tuberculosis, congenital adrenal disorders, and Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome were included in the search, but identified no patients with Addison's disease. Patients with adrenal insufficiency after adrenalectomy, adrenoleukodystrophy or congenital adrenal hyperplasia were not included.
The year of diagnosis and the age at diagnosis were taken from the medical records if available. The diagnosis of Addison's disease was confirmed based on the results of basal hormone measurements (simultaneous plasma levels of ACTH above, and serum cortisol below the reference ranges), and/or a pathological ACTH-stimulation test (post-stimulatory serum cortisol levels below 500 nmol/l). In older cases, the diagnosis was based on description of clinical signs and symptoms such as hyperpigmentation, salt craving, hypotension, general weakness, weight loss, and typical electrolyte disturbances. Five cases with persisting clinical signs typical for Addison's disease (hyperpigmentation and salt craving), and regular consultations with an endocrinologist were included, based on chronic treatment with glucocorticoids and fludrocortisone. The inclusion of patients in this study was conservative in the sense that cases with insufficient diagnostic information supporting the diagnosis were excluded.
The tenability of this approach has previously been shown in an epidemiological study in Western Norway (14).
Causes of death
Deceased individuals on our list of patients with Addison's disease were identified in the National Directory of Residents. The Death Cause Registry provided the causes of death using the patient's unique personal identification number. The principal cause of death is the first diagnosis written on the death certificate. The death causes were grouped as death from acute or chronic adrenal failure, cardiovascular disease, cancer, infection, sudden death (includes suicide and accidents), diabetes, lung disease, kidney failure, and gastrointestinal disease. The categories were compared with statistics obtained from the general population (Statistics Norway; URL: ).
Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated as a standardized incidence ratio for death for the total group to obtain death risk calculation from all observed person-years. Only patients with a known year of diagnosis were used in the SMR calculation. Life expectancy was calculated from Norwegian reference data according to the year of diagnosis and their birth-year cohort; lost or gained years were calculated as the difference between the actual death age and the expected death age. Data are given with 95% confidence intervals (CI), considered significantly different statistically from normal if the CI does not contain the normative value.
Patients and diagnostic accuracy
Altogether, Addison's disease was verified in 811 patients; between 6 and 24 new patients were diagnosed per year over the last 20 years, yielding incidence rates 2.0–6.5 per million per year. One hundred and forty-seven (81 women, 66 men) of the patients had died in the period 1966–2005. The age at diagnosis of the deceased patients was found in the majority of cases (n=132; Fig. 2). The mean age at diagnosis for the deceased men was 46 years and for the women, it was 53 years. Five out of the 147 (one female) had APS-1; three of them were not recognized as such in life. One patient with a DAX-1 mutation died of adrenal crisis provoked by an infection at 52 years of age. Six individuals (4 males) were diagnosed post-mortem.
Age at diagnosis for deceased Addison patients. Males, black bars; females, white bars.
Diagnostic accuracy for Addison's disease in live and dead patients was poor; at a university hospital (1987–2005, ICD 9 and ICD 10) only 38 of 58 patients were coded correctly, i.e. only 66% had true primary adrenal insufficiency. At another university hospital (2002–2005) the diagnostic accuracy was 60% (76 of 127 patients) using only the more precise ICD 10 coding. Most of the erroneously coded patients had secondary adrenal failure, due to pituitary disease, adrenalectomy or pharmacological glucocorticoid therapy. Quite a few were patients who had undergone ACTH stimulation test with a negative result. Only those correctly coded were included for further analyses.
Of the 147 dead patients, the age at diagnosis was missing in 15; they were omitted from the calculation of SMR. Overall, the SMR was 1.15 (95% CI (0.95–1.34)), as calculated from 132 actual and 114 expected deaths. The SMR for females was 1.18 (0.92–1.44) and for males 1.10 (0.80–1.39). SMR was increased to 1.50 (1.09–2.01) in patients who had been diagnosed before the age of 40. As illustrated in Fig. 3, this was most pronounced in males, with SMR 2.03 (1.19–2.86), accounting for 23 of 55 deceased male patients. The excess mortality in female patients diagnosed at such young age was not as evident, with SMR 1.23 (0.70–1.76).
Years lost or gained in relation to the age at diagnosis of Addison's disease. Years lost are given as positive values and years gained as negative values. The dots situated on or close to the X-axis illustrate individuals living approximately their life expectancy at diagnosis. A) males, n=57; B) females, n=75.
The mean death ages for female and male patients were 75.7 and 64.8 years respectively, which is 3.2 and 11.2 years less than the estimated life expectancy at the time of diagnosis. Sixty patients outlived their expected age and eight patients lived exactly as long as expected at the time of diagnosis. Sixty-four patients lived shorter than expected from the population statistics.
The main causes of death are shown in Fig. 4. Adrenal failure was the principal death diagnosis in 15% of the patients. Infection was the death cause in 10% (5.1–14.9), opposed to 6.0% in the general population. Sudden death was found in 9.2% (4.5–13.9) compared with 5.3% in the general population. Cardiovascular disease was the most common cause of death accounting for 39% (31–47), which is comparable to the general Norwegian population during this period (1976–1980: 49%, 2001–2003: 38%). Cancer accounted for 13% (7.2–18.8) of deaths, which is significantly less than in the general population. The distribution of death causes in the general population has, however, changed much over the years, rendering the comparison between the patients and the normal indecisive; for instance during the years 1971–2003, cancer death rates ranged from 19 to 26%.
Causes of death in 71 female and 59 male patients with Addison's disease.
There was no statistically significant excess mortality due to concomitant endocrine diseases other than diabetes mellitus; principal death diagnosis was diabetes in 4.6% (1.2–8.0) of our patients as opposed to 1.0–1.5% in the general population.
Notwithstanding the diagnostic advances and available replacement therapy with cortisone acetate and fludrocortisone, Addison's disease is still a potentially lethal condition. This is clearly illustrated here by the excess mortality in young patients due to acute adrenal insufficiency, sudden deaths, and most likely infections.
Most of the deaths from acute adrenal insufficiency in this study occurred in patients with conventional replacement therapy; in many instances, death was associated with trivial infections. Most likely, there is a potential for patient education, although 98% of Norwegian patients reported that they have been advised to increase cortisone doses during infections (Erichsen, Norwegian survey of Addison's disease, unpublished data). Patients with Addison's disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus possibly have increased death risk; adrenal crisis is typically complicated by hypoglycemia in these patients. Bergthorsdottir and co-workers found that the overall impact of concomitant diabetes on the excess mortality is minimal (11). The contribution from diabetes to death in our study was 4.6% (6 patients), which could not be classified further as the older ICD 9 and ICD 8 codes are not differentiating between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
At the time of diagnosis, and before the start of treatment for Addison's disease, the patients can be critically ill with increased risk of death (15, 16, 17, 18). The compensating mechanisms of young people are more prone to keep them circulatory stable until they eventually collapse with a crisis; older patients may call for medical assistance at an earlier stage. One might speculate that young individuals are particularly ignorant to alarm symptoms, but most likely older people with adrenal insufficiency also die undiagnosed. We identified six patients who were diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency post-mortem, which is probably an underestimation. In 1965, Mason et al. reported only two deaths during a five-year follow-up of 74 known patients, but they found 10 new deaths from Addison's disease not diagnosed in life (19). Sudden deaths are not commonly found in hospital records; these deaths are investigated by police authorities and recorded correctly in the Death Cause Registry only if a medico-legal autopsy is performed.
For the whole group of patients, our study shows that the prognosis is good. Patients with Addison's disease are seen regularly by their doctors, who may diagnose and treat other potentially lethal diseases. The other main causes of death in our cohort, that is, cardiovascular disease and cancer, were equally or less frequent than that found in the general population. Thus, our results contrast the analyses of the Swedish National Hospital registry that showed a mortality rate twice as high as normal (11, 20). The recent analysis by Bensing and co-workers, however, showed that the cancer rates remained increased only in APS-1 patients, when tumors observed during the first year of follow-up were excluded. In the APS-2 group, most likely to represent true autoimmune Addison's disease, cancer incidence rates were not increased (20).
Norway and Sweden have comparable health care systems that point to study design as the cause of differences in results. The strength of the Swedish study is the number of observed patient years, whereas the comparative strength of our study is the verification of the diagnosis in all the patients and their true age at diagnosis. We included patients only after verification of the diagnosis by an endocrinologist reading the medical records. This quality check revealed that the coding was surprisingly erroneous, which renders pure registry studies at jeopardy. Bergthorsdottir and co-workers report less than 8.3% coding error in the Swedish National Hospital Registry (11), but these numbers represent random quality testing of various diagnoses (21), and may not apply to rare diseases such as Addison's disease. In our experience, adrenal failure is particularly associated with erroneous coding since there are several forms (primary, secondary, iatrogenic, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and other) that are easily mixed up. Our study also revealed that some patients who were assessed with suspicion of adrenal insufficiency were coded as such even if subsequent work-up turned out negative, causing much of the miscoding error. Thus, scrutiny of medical records of every patient was crucial for obtaining high quality data in Norway. Bergthorsdottir and co-workers performed a quality check of diagnoses that revealed coding error only of 5–6% at one Swedish hospital. However, the age distribution of that sub-population (37 years) was much lower than in the total population identified in the registry (53 years), indicating that the results of the quality check might not apply to the whole population.
Furthermore, the Swedish study by Bergthorsdottir et al. set the first appearance in a hospital registry after 1987 as the age at diagnosis; we verified the true age at diagnosis from the medical records. We believe that the SMR calculation is more correct when all the years from diagnosis until death or censure are taken into account. We suggest that the Swedish study overestimated SMR due to too liberal inclusion of patients at higher age who possibly were miscoded as adrenal insufficiency.
In conclusion, Addison's disease that presented before the age of 40 was associated with excess mortality due to acute adrenal failure, infections, and sudden death, particularly in men. Improved patient education and doctor alertness are important to reduce these untimely fatalities. Otherwise, the prognosis is excellent for patients with Addison's disease.
Declaration of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.
This study was supported by grants from The Western Norway Regional Health Authority to MME who is a doctoral fellow at the institution.
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10↑
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Arlt WAllolio B. Adrenal insufficiency. Lancet 2003 ;361:1881–1893.)| false
Bergthorsdottir R, Leonsson-Zachrisson M, Oden A, Johannsson G. Premature mortality in patients with Addison's disease: a population-based study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 ;91:4849–4853.
Bergthorsdottir RLeonsson-Zachrisson MOden AJohannsson G. Premature mortality in patients with Addison's disease: a population-based study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 ;91:4849–4853.)| false
Tomlinson JW, Holden N, Hills RK, Wheatley K, Clayton RN, Bates AS, Sheppard MC, Stewart PM. Association between premature mortality and hypopituitarism. West Midlands Prospective Hypopituitary Study Group. Lancet 2001 ;357:425–431.
Tomlinson JWHolden NHills RKWheatley KClayton RNBates ASSheppard MCStewart PM. Association between premature mortality and hypopituitarism. West Midlands Prospective Hypopituitary Study Group. Lancet 2001 ;357:425–431.)| false
Filipsson H, Monson JP, Koltowska-Haggstrom M, Mattsson A, Johannsson G. The impact of glucocorticoid replacement regimens on metabolic outcome and comorbidity in hypopituitary patients. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 ;91:3954–3961.
Filipsson HMonson JPKoltowska-Haggstrom MMattsson AJohannsson G. The impact of glucocorticoid replacement regimens on metabolic outcome and comorbidity in hypopituitary patients. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 ;91:3954–3961.)| false
Løvås K, Husebye ES. High incidence and increasing prevalence of Addison's disease, an epidemiological study in western Norway. Clinical Endocrinology 2002 ;56:787–791.
Løvås KHusebye ES. High incidence and increasing prevalence of Addison's disease, an epidemiological study in western Norway. Clinical Endocrinology 2002 ;56:787–791.)| false
al Sabri AM, Smith N, Busuttil A. Sudden death due to auto-immune Addison's disease in a 12-year-old girl. International Journal of Legal Medicine 1997 ;110:278–280.
al Sabri AMSmith NBusuttil A. Sudden death due to auto-immune Addison's disease in a 12-year-old girl. International Journal of Legal Medicine 1997 ;110:278–280.)| false
Burke MP, Opeskin K. Adrenocortical insufficiency. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 1999 ;20:60–65.
Burke MPOpeskin K. Adrenocortical insufficiency. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 1999 ;20:60–65.)| false
Keljo DJ, Squires RH Jr. Clinical problem-solving. Just in time. New England Journal of Medicine 1996 ;334:46–48.
Keljo DJSquires RHJr. Clinical problem-solving. Just in time. New England Journal of Medicine 1996 ;334:46–48.)| false
Brosnan CM, Gowing NF. Addison's disease. BMJ 1996 ;312:1085–1087.
Brosnan CMGowing NF. Addison's disease. BMJ 1996 ;312:1085–1087.)| false
Mason AS, Meade TW, Lee JA, Morris JN. Epidemiological and clinical picture of Addison's disease. Lancet 1968 ;2:744–747.
Mason ASMeade TWLee JAMorris JN. Epidemiological and clinical picture of Addison's disease. Lancet 1968 ;2:744–747.)| false
Bensing S, Brandt L, Tabaroj F, Sjöberg O, Nilsson B, Ekbom A, Blomqvist P, Kämpe O. Increased death risk and altered cancer incidence pattern in patients with isolated or combined autoimmune primary adrenocortical insufficiency. Clinical Endocrinology 2008 ;69:697–704.
Bensing SBrandt LTabaroj FSjöberg ONilsson BEkbom ABlomqvist PKämpe O. Increased death risk and altered cancer incidence pattern in patients with isolated or combined autoimmune primary adrenocortical insufficiency. Clinical Endocrinology 2008 ;69:697–704.)| false
The National Board of Health and Welfare Socialstyrelsen Dödsorsaker 2002. Causes of death 2002, p 21, Stocköholm: Sveriges officiella Statistik 2004.
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How confident are you when it comes to maintaining your car ? Whether you have to run to the mechanic any time you hear a strange sound or you're looking to expand your existing knowledge in keeping your whip in tip-top shape, read on to uncover the latest technology and best products to keep your ride looking and performing at its best.
It's this writer's humble opinion that the more you can tend to a car yourself, the better your life will be. You'll save a ton of money — plus you'll feel a sense of empowerment. You know, the can-do spirit. And, it doesn't get more basic than changing your car's oil. Here are some must-have products when you're ready to take matters (and motors) into your own hand.
If you're reading this, that means you're probably old enough to drive, which also means it's high time you learn how to change your own tire. Don't worry, it's not hard — and with the Slime 50123 Flat Tire Repair Kit, it's easier than ever. Check out the link below for an easy-to-use kit.
Most cell phone brands promise endless battery life, but give it a few months and it seems they can't hold enough charge to make a single phone call, navigate us to our destination or even play our favorite Spotify tracks. We've found six ways to keep your Apple or Android devices charged up so you can hit the road with peace of mind and 100% battery life. Check out our top choices in link below.
For just under $50, Boy Genius Report has found a do-it-yourself kit that transforms conventional halogen headlights to bright LED bulbs. You may not be able to invest in a luxury car, but this affordable kit will help an older vehicle look a bit more upscale. Get more details below.
Don't have Bluetooth connectivity in your car? Not a problem. Bringing your car into the 21st century doesn't have to break the bank. This super-compact receiver gives your car an instant Bluetooth boost and can easily connect to your car's stereo – and now you can finally enjoy hands-free calling and your favorite tunes with this tiny gadget. Get more details about this handy gadget in link below.
Here's a problem we all experience but you never hear about: car trash. You know, all the junk and clutter that accumulates from driving. Whatever it is, cars collect garbage, which creates a less than pleasant driving experience. This ultra-convenient car accessory helps you keep your car clean and organized.
While there's a certain level of charm with older vehicles, there's no denying that modern technological updates have left even the flashiest of retro cars in the dusk. Luckily, you can update your car without having to take it to the mechanic. Check out the link below to see seven snazzy gadgets to help bring your hooptie into the 21st century.
If you're going to hang something from your rear-view mirror, why not make it interesting? To help replace the boring pine tree, we found 10 funny and interesting car air fresheners that you'll want to hang up–even if your car already smells great.
Between dealing with the elements like rain, sun, snow and wind, your car's daily (and inevitable) interaction with dust, food and other debris makes it especially tricky to uphold its sparkling clean exterior and interior. Now you can do your part and ensure your whip's cleanliness anytime, anywhere without expensive services or time-consuming car washes thanks to these 6 easy-to-use car cleaning products.
One of the best features found on most new cars are backup cameras. They make parking much easier (because we could all use some help), and they also make maneuvering your car much safer. But while people with new cars get to enjoy flawless parking and safety, those of us stuck with an older vehicle are left out of the fun. Thankfully, brands have taken notice and started making backup cameras that you can attach to any car. Check out some of our favorite models in link below.
This crazy all-in-one gadget mounts over your existing rear-view mirror and connects to a rear-mounted camera to give you a 170-degree wide-angle view of the road behind you. Get more details about this neat device below.
Another scratch in your car? What a drag. Fortunately, using just a few of these ordinary household items could help you get the scratches out, make your car look new, and help you avoid paying for pricey repairs at the auto body shop.


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India Free Classifieds
Osh State Medical University
Osh State Medical University 90
305, 3rd Floor Royal Gold Building, Indore, Indore, 452003, Madhya Pradesh
1540000.00 ₹
OSH university is one of the most prestigious educational, cultural and scientific research centres of the Kyrgyz Republic. A public medical institute in OSH, Kyrgyzstan established in the year 1993 with the huge possibilities in medical education and research. The university is established with an aim to provide the high-class education in the field of medicine and pediatrics. Contact 9111777949 for more information. visit -
https://lakshyambbs.com/show-university/31/OSH-State-Medical-University
Contact Name: Lakshya MBBS
Madhya Pradesh, Indore, Indore
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MANDATE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Home MANDATE OF THE BOARD…
The Board is responsible under law to supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Company. The stewardship of the Company involves the Board in strategic planning, risk identification, management and mitigation, senior management determination and succession planning, communication planning and internal control integrity.
Specific Duties
Without limiting the foregoing, the Board shall have the following specific duties and responsibilities:
(a) The Board has the oversight responsibility for meeting the Company's legal requirements and for approving and maintaining the Company's documents and records.
(b) The Board has the statutory responsibility to act in accordance with its obligations contained in the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) and the regulations thereto, the Company's Articles, and other relevant legislation and regulations.
Strategy Determination
The Board has the responsibility to adopt a strategic planning process for the Company and to participate with management directly or through its Committees in approving goals and the strategic plan for the Company by which the Company proposes to achieve its goals. The Board shall monitor the implementation and execution of the tasks constituent to the corporate strategy.
To be effective, the strategy will result in creation of value over the long term while always preserving the Company's ability to conduct its business while balancing the interests of its various stakeholders. For the purpose of this clause, "stakeholder" will mean any party, group or institution whose reasonable approval is required for the Company to execute its Board approved strategy.
The Board has the responsibility to identify and understand the principal risks of the business in which the Company is engaged, to achieve a proper balance between risks incurred and the potential return to shareholders, and to establish systems to monitor and manage those risks with a view to the long-term viability of the Company. It is the responsibility of management to ensure that the Board and its Committees are kept well informed of changing risks. The principle mechanisms through which the Board reviews risks are through the execution of the duties of its committee and through the strategic planning process. It is important that the Board understands and supports the key risk decisions of management.
Appointment, Training and Monitoring Senior Management
The Board has the responsibility:
(a) to appoint and/or approve the appointment of the Company's senior management;
(b) to establish senior management's responsibilities and approve their remuneration; and
(c) to establish provisions for the advice, counsel, training and development of management and for the orderly succession of management.
Reporting and Communication
(a) to ensure compliance with the reporting obligations of the Company, including that the financial performance of the Company is properly reported to shareholders, other security holders and regulators on a timely and regular basis;
(b) to ensure that the financial results of the Company are reported fairly and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) to establish a process for direct communications with shareholders and other stakeholders through appropriate Directors, including through a Whistleblower Policy; and
(d) to report annually to shareholders on its stewardship of the affairs of the Company for the preceding year.
Monitoring and Acting
(a) to establish policies and processes for the Company to operate at all times within applicable laws and regulations to the highest ethical and moral standards (advancing the interests of the Company, including the pursuit of differentiating performance in meeting the reasonable needs of all stakeholders of the Company);
(b) to ensure that management has and implements procedures to comply with, and to monitor compliance with, significant policies and procedures by which the Company is operated;
(c) to monitor the Company's progress towards its goals and objectives and to revise and alter its direction through management in response to changing circumstances;
(d) to take action when performance falls short of its goals and objectives or when other special circumstances warrant or when changing circumstances in the business environment create risks or opportunities for the Company;
(e) to approve annual (or more frequent as the Board feels to be prudent from time to time) operating and capital budgets and review and consider amendments or departures proposed by management from established strategy, capital and operating budgets or matters of policy which diverge from the ordinary course of business that may significantly impact the value of or opportunities available to the Company; and
(f) to implement internal control and information systems and to monitor the effectiveness of same so as to allow the Board to conclude that management is discharging its responsibilities with a high degree of integrity and effectiveness. The confidence of the Board in the ability and integrity of management is the paramount control mechanism.
(a) to develop a position description for the Chair of the Board;
(b) to facilitate the continuity, effectiveness and independence of the Board by, among other things:
establishing a system to enable any Director to engage an outside adviser at the expense of the Company;
ensuring that processes are in place and are utilized to assess the effectiveness of the Chair of the Board, the Board as a whole, each Director, each Committee and each Committee's Chair;
reviewing annually the composition of the Board and its Committees and assess Directors' performance on an ongoing basis, and propose new members to the Board; and
reviewing annually the adequacy and form of the compensation of the Directors.
Mandate Review
This Mandate shall be reviewed and approved by the Board each year after the annual general shareholder meeting of the Company.
The Board may perform any other activities consistent with this Mandate, the Company's Articles and any governing laws as the Board deems necessary or appropriate.
contact@northamericahealth.ca


text:
Nandi was number one in the summer.
He has already disappeared from everyone's eyes.
But it seems to be a shot in Velador Donghai.
I was listed on the dark web!
Nandi ranked fifth!
No one knows what happened in Velador Donghai's battle, let alone what Nandi did in that battle.
But no one questioned the authority of the dark web.
After all, from the previous era to the present, the dark web is showing its strength and uniqueness.
But after Nandi was on the list, Velador trembled.
No way?
Where was the Southern Emperor squeezed to…
They were all behind Levi and Common Killing God, a forgotten existence by the world.
Now it is fifth on the god list.
You must know that before the Commonwealth Killing God ranked second in the rankings, ahead of the Southern Emperor.
But now the Southern Emperor God List is fifth, and the Common Killer God has not even made the list!
This gap is too big, right?
Some people even wonder if it was a mistake.
In the end, Tiance Mansion came forward and claimed: The Southern Emperor is indeed capable of ranking fifth on the God List.
At the same time, Tianji Pavilion updated the Big Summer Ranking.
Nandi ranked first…
It seems that Tianji Pavilion has long known about Nandi.
On the gods list, Velador is really on the list.
Qilin and Owen finally made the list after thousands of hard work, surpassing the predecessors such as Commoner Killing God.
Even Wesley Ron is very close to this list.
Wen Lei has played, and she is also on the top of the gods.
And He Qingxue didn't know what she had experienced in the past two years, she was also on the list.
It can be seen that these two years can give people opportunities.
Let how many ordinary people get a chance to leap into a dragon.
For this era, two years are long enough.
Nothing will feel strange…
Li Chengmin from Star Country is also among them…
There are many acquaintances of Levi on this list, and of course there are also many new ones.
The Bible organization is here.
The dark god has been paying attention to Levi.
This year has passed.
Levi didn't even move.
Abruptly closed for a year.
It's not like before, waking up with a punch and then continuing to retreat.
This time I have been in retreat.
"Okay, very good, I want to see how long you can last…"
The dark god does not believe in this evil.
Sarah is curious about who is inside…
At this moment, Levi has been in retreat.
Last closed for one year.
He tried to integrate everything he had learned, including basic exercises and various taboo techniques, as well as his self-derived creations.
Combining everything together, playing a trick that destroys the world, the result is still useless for the wall.
It can't be penetrated at all!
So this time in retreat, he abandoned all distracting thoughts, and forgot all the taboo techniques and all kinds of miscellaneous things.
He only practices one thing.
That is the most basic exercise method!
The pursuit of the most extreme power, the pursuit of the most extreme speed…
This most basic exercise can be said to have no end, and there is no mention of the day when the practice is finished.
Only the stronger day.
Because you have practiced to the extreme, you dare not say that your strength is the strongest and the speed is the fastest…
So now Levi's retreat is pursuing this limit…
This retreat lasts for one year.
Levi didn't wake up yet.
But the dark god can afford it.
He has slowly honed Sarah into a killing machine.
Her humanity is getting weaker and weaker.
In his eyes there was nothing but hatred and killing.
Since plums came out of the mountain, almost all of them have been killing people and selling goods.
The biblical organization takes people's money and money to eliminate disasters for others.
"Ziran, your mission is here!"
"This time I went to Velador Kunlun Industry to snatch the potion! After getting the potion, everyone will be killed!"
Upon receiving the new task, Sarah was just in a daze.
This means that she has almost no concept of Velador.
Only bloodthirsty and killing.
It shows that the training of the Dark God is about to succeed.
Sarah is about to become a killing machine.
Hone for a while.
It is estimated that she would forget everything, only killing and bloodthirsty.
After receiving the task, Sarah immediately went to Velador.
This medicine is newly developed by Kunlun Industry and has a peculiar effect on healing and saving lives.
Now it is sent from the northern desert to the Kunlun Industrial Headquarters Case York.
The escorts are strong like Wen Lei.
Wen Lei is now the strongest of the gods.
It is naturally safe to be escorted by her.
Along the way, dozens of strong people came to grab it.
They were all beheaded by Wen Lei.
In this era, there are a lot of resources grabbing, no wonder.
Nowhere is safe.
Even if Velador Frontier does its best to defend, there are always people coming in.
The only safety is the guarantee of strong strength!
Wen Lei and the others walked out of the desert without risk.
But at this time a dangerous breath came.
A figure appeared.
"It's the Empress!!!"
The female emperor is so famous, no one knows.
Especially the eighth of the god list.
It is even more daunting.
This time, they panicked.
It's dangerous.
The Empress is here!
Who is not afraid?
Although Wen Lei is also the strongest of the gods, the gap is too big.
Wen Lei is ranked sixty-seventh and the Empress is eighth.
It's incomparable.
Sarah glanced at everyone indifferently.
The task entrusted to her was to take things away and all the people were killed.
But when he saw Wen Lei and Regina, Sarah was in a daze, and his killing intent was reduced a lot.
"Ziran??"
"sister in law?"
Wen Lei and Regina also recognized that plum was dyed.
Since Sarah was taken away by mysterious forces two years ago, he has never appeared again.
They have also looked for it.
But who would have thought that the fierce empress was her?
"Where have you been, Ziran these two years?"
"How did you become the empress?"
They asked curiously.
"You are from Kunlun Industry? The medicine I want is in your hands?"
Sarah did not answer this question.
But asked indifferently.
Although she recognized Wen Lei and Regina.
Can be indifferent.
"Yes, that's right! Ziran, we are Kunlun Industry! Not only that! Kunlun Industry was founded by Junlin!"
Wen Lei said.
Sarah denied: "Impossible!"
"When King's Landing is dead, how can it be possible to create Kunlun Industry! He and Lucifer are dead together! Unfortunately, Lucifer is alive again, and I can't kill him now!"
Sarah roared angrily.
Wen Lei and Regina said, "Junlin (brother) is still alive… He is actually not dead!"
"He just disappeared… he has a good chance of looking for you! I feel like my brother is still alive! He will definitely appear!"
Regina said.
It's just that Sarah didn't believe what the two of them said at all.
"No! King's Landing is dead! I live now to avenge King's Landing!"
Wen Lei and Regina were anxious: "You have to believe what we said! He really just disappeared, not dead!"
"Master told me that King's Landing is dead, I believe in Master's! I only believe in his! Only he can make me take revenge! Now he arranges me to do what I do…"
Plum dyeing is full of killing intent.
There was a trace of madness in his eyes.
"Ziran, wake up, you are different now! You have changed! You wake up quickly! You can't kill anymore…"
Wen Lei and Regina hurriedly persuaded.
"Now you give me things right away, I won't kill you!"
This is Sarah's only benevolence since he came out of the Bible organization.
"No! This medicine is very important, and we can't give it to you!"
"Ziran listened to our advice, don't continue!"
Sarah was murderous, and said coldly: "Then I will take it myself!!!"


text:
Pancakes--Batter Up!! : Where to Go for the Best Flapjacks
By MAX JACOBSON
Pancakes--like all things in Los Angeles--come in a wide variety of guises. We've tried them all, and if you've flipped over flapjacks, here's where to turn.
Who but Michael McCarty of Michael's would have the nerve to charge $14 for pancakes . . . made with Bisquick! OK, they do come with Guss' bacon, Virginia sausage, or a killer ham called Square's. But if you don't happen to be swept away by the restaurant's impeccable service, Villeroy and Boch china, Christofle silver and New Age Muzak bubbling up from all angles, the price does seem, well, ambitious. Still, these are wonderful pancakes; Michael's uses only the finest butter, the purest Vermont maple syrup and the fattest Oregon blueberries. It's probably the best breakfast in the city.
Michael's, 1147 Third St., Santa Monica; (213) 451-0843. Brunch every Saturday and Sunday 10:30 a.m.-2 p.m.
The intoxicating smell of fresh roasting coffee is the first thing to hit you at Caffe Latte, a mini-mall spinoff of the hugely successful Hugo's. Two kinds of pancakes are served: puffy buckwheats ($4.75) served with gorgeous blackberries on the side or orange-ginger pancakes ($5.25)served with orange butter and sliced nectarines. The wonderful coffee, available in 20 varieties, may just be the best in Los Angeles.
Caffe Latte, 6254 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles; (213) 936-5213. Pancakes served daily 6 a.m.-3:15 p.m.
The best apple pancake in town is served in the Polo Lounge at the Beverly Hills Hotel. The apple pancake ($12) takes 20 minutes, and I advise the wait. The pancake itself looks like a giant sombrero lined with baked sliced apples. It comes with sour cream, preserves or honey and small heated jugs of Sugarman's Vermont maple syrup, which is the best maple syrup I have ever been served in a restaurant. And if you crave the crepe for lunch, just ask and it shall be served.
Polo Lounge at the Beverly Hills Hotel, 9641 W. Sunset Blvd., Beverly Hills; (213) 276-2251. Open daily for breakfast 7 a.m.-11 a.m.
Dupar's Coffee Shops are so proud of the batter they make that they sell it at the counter ($3.25 a pint). It's the same batter at all five locations, but I have a friend who insists that when it comes to cooking, the
Studio City shop is the most dependable. That's where I went to eat pancakes, and I hit the jackpot. Pancakes ($3.65) come five to an order, with two types of homemade syrup: maple and boysenberry. I think these pancakes are the best all-around value in the area.
Dupar's, 10236 Ventura Blvd., Studio City; (818) 766-4437. Open Sun.-Thurs. 6 a.m.-1 a.m.; Fri.-Sat. 6 a.m.-3 a.m.
Pasadena's Konditori is a pleasant place with an outdoor patio and some very sweet pancakes. Sit outside to avoid the annoying polka music indoors and order the tiny, eggy Swedish pancakes ($2.75). These come seven-to-an-order, served with the traditional lingonberry jam. If you are looking to get filled up, better make it two orders.
Konditori, 230 S. Lake Ave., Pasadena; (818) 792-6600. Open Mon. Sat. 7:30 a.m.-5 p.m., Sun. 8 a.m.-4 p.m.
Musso & Frank does not serve breakfast, but Chef Jean Rue, who ran the kitchen for more than 50 years, knew that his clientele included many late risers. For them he developed "flannel cakes" ($3.75), which are nothing more than unusually crisp wafer-thin pancakes. The trick is to eat them immediately: They get rubbery fast.
Musso & Frank Grill, 6667 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood; (213) 467-7788. Flannel cakes served Monday-Saturday from 11 a.m.-3 p.m.
John O'Groats, the Westside counter place where empty seats are rare, turns out high-octane pancakes on a streamlined, near-perfect breakfast menu. Pancakes ($3.05) come in two varieties, buttermilk and buckwheat, and for an additional dollar you may order them with pecans, blueberries or bananas mixed in. Both pancake batters are quite tasty--despite coming from a mix--and preparation is first-rate.
John O'Groats, 10516 W. Pico Blvd., Los Angeles; (213) 204-0692. Open Tues.-Fri, 7 a.m.-3 p.m.; Sat.-Sun. 7 a.m.-2 p.m.


text:
Small capitalization (small cap) stocks
The stocks of companies whose market value is less than $1 billion. Small-cap companies tend to grow faster than large-cap companies and typically use any stocks for expansion rather to pay dividends. They also are more volatile than large-cap companies, and have a higher failure rate.
Nasdaq small capitalization companies
A group of 2000 companies with relatively small capitalization, which are listed separately and have at least two market makers.
Leveraged recapitalization
Often used in risk arbitrage. A public company takes on significant additional debt with the purpose of either paying an extraordinary dividend or repurchasing shares, leaving the public shareholders with a continuing interest in a more financially leveraged company. Popular form of shark repellent See: Stub.
Total capitalization
The total long-term debt and all types of equity of a company that constitutes its capital structure.
Overcapitalization
Said to occur when a firm cannot service its debt even though its deb../../finance-glossary/equity ratio is not excessive.
Capitalization ratios
Also called financial leverage ratios, these ratios compare debt to total capitalization and thus reflect the extent to which a corporation is trading on its equity. Capitalization ratios can be interpreted only in the context of the stability of industry and company earnings and cash flow.
Small capitalization (small cap) fund
Capitalization method
Capitalization rate
Recapitalization proposal
Capitalization Weighted Index
Capitalization table