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Synergetic Effect of Graphene and MWCNTs on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C Nanocomposites
Xiaosong Jiang1,
Tingfeng Song1,
Zhenyi Shao1,
Wanxia Liu1,
Degui Zhu1 &
Minhao Zhu1
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphenes have been taken for novel reinforcements due to their unique structure and performance. However, MWCNTs or graphenes reinforced copper matrix composites could not catch up with ideal value due to reinforcement dispersion in metal matrix, wettability to metal matrix, and composite material interface. Taking advantage of the superior properties of one-dimensional MWCNTs and two-dimensional graphenes, complementary performance and structure are constructed to create a high contact area between MWCNTs and graphenes to the Cu matrix. Mechanical alloying, hot pressing, and hot isostatic pressing techniques are used to fabricate Cu matrix self-lubricating nanocomposites. Effects of MWCNTs and graphenes on mechanical properties and microstructures of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites are studied. The fracture and strengthening mechanisms of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites are explored on the basis of structure and composition of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites with formation and function of interface.
Copper-graphite composite has good electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, good wear resistance, and other properties; in that, it is a blend of advantages of copper and graphite, so it is increasingly used in aerospace, electronics, automotive application, and other fields [1, 2]. Ti3SiC2 offers advantages of heat conductivity, high electric conduction, easy processing similar to metals, oxidation resistance, light weight, and high temperature resistance, making it a useful material for multiple applications [3, 4]. Without affecting the self-lubricating properties and conductivity of copper graphite alloys, Ti3SiC2 can improve the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of copper-graphite composites [5]. Cu/Ti3SiC2/C composites are a new promising material system that combines advantages of copper-graphite composites and Ti3SiC2, but the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and other performance parameters of these materials remain insufficient under certain conditions [6].
The introduction of uniformly dispersed nanoscale reinforcement particles into a metal matrix results in metal matrix composites that may have better mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high temperature and oxidation resistance [7]. One-dimensional multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and two-dimensional graphene are attractive materials for composite reinforcement due to their unique structure and performance [8,9,10] and are being used in place of graphite to prepare metal matrix composites [11,12,13]. Nevertheless, the performances of copper matrix composites made from MWCNTs or graphene remain insufficient. There are many factors that limit the performance of these materials: reinforcement dispersion in metal matrix, wettability to metal matrix, and the metal matrix interface.
The potential for integration of two-dimensional materials into new hetero-structures bound by weak van der Waals interactions was demonstrated by a forward-looking analysis, examining the possibility of combining graphene with other structures [14, 15], and the feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated [16]. Most studies on synergistic enhancements by MWCNTs and graphene have focused on polymer matrix composites in which a continuous interconnected network can be achieved by synergistic reinforced mechanism [17,18,19]. However, there are still some difficulties in the enhancement of metal matrix composites by MWCNTs and graphene. There are challenges in the use of one-dimensional MWCNTs and two-dimensional graphene to achieve the properties of three-dimensional braided composite material, which can produce synergistic cooperative and multi-scale reinforcements [20,21,22]. In this work, Cu/Ti3SiC2/C composites with both MWCNTs and graphene were prepared by mechanical alloying, vacuum hot-pressing (VHP), and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) techniques. Surface modifications of MWCNTs and graphene were conducted to improve their dispersion. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the prepared Cu/Ti3SiC2/C composites were measured to evaluate the reinforcing effects. Based on the experimental results, the strengthening and fracture mechanisms of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C composites are discussed.
Taking advantage of the superior properties of one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional graphene, synergistically strengthened nano-structure was designed to prepare Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nano-composites by a multi-phase synergistically strengthening process. Mechanical alloying, hot pressing, and HIP techniques were used to fabricate Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites under both elevated temperature and high pressure. The properties of the raw material powders of MWCNTs, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), electrolytic copper powder graphite powder, and Ti3SiC2 powder used in this experiment are listed in Table 1. Dispersions of MWCNTs and graphene were assisted by ultrasonic oscillation; plasma and chemical treatment surface modification were performed using Ar-NH3 plasma and 0.02μg/ml Rutin or 10 μg/ml Gallic acid solution [23, 24]. Composition design details of the nanocomposites are listed in Table 2. Materials were mixed by high-energy ball milling with an agate milling ball, and the nanocomposite powder was processed at a10:1 mass ratio using tert butyl alcohol as the dispersing medium. The mixed powders were sintered according to the setting process (vacuum hot-pressing: 950 °C × 20 MPa × 2 h, hot isostatic pressing: 900 °C × 100 MPa × 2 h) to obtain the Cu-matrix nanocomposite [25].The relative densities of nanocomposite materials were analyzed by density measurement with liquid drainage based on Archimedes law (Table 3). Microstructures of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites were characterized by optical microscopy (OM, AxioCam MRC5), X-ray diffraction (XRD, X'Pert Pro-MPD) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL JSM-7001F at 15 kV) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Tecnai F20ST at 200 kV). The hardness measurement was determined by using a Vickers hardness (HV, HXD-1000TM) tester. Tensile, compression, and shearing tests of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites were performed using a microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine (WDW-3100) at a loading speed of 0.5 mm/min. Effects of MWCNTs and GNPs on the properties and microstructures of the prepared Cu matrix nanocomposites were determined.
Table 1 Properties of raw material powders
Table 2 Composition design details of the nanocomposites (wt%)
Table 3 Relative densities of nanocomposite materials
Powder Microstructure and Phase Identification
Mechanical alloying is a technique that involves a series of physical and chemical processes such as repeated deformation, cold-welding, and fracturing for the composite powders using high-energy ball milling. The powders are ground to micron-size or even nano-size. They are well mixed to produce composite powder. This milling is expected to improve the homogeneous dispersion of GNPs/MWCNTs in the copper matrix by mechanical alloying and achieve desirable interface bonding by miniature forging, thus improving the mechanical properties of the resulting materials. The SEM images of Cu, Ti3SiC2, C, MWCNT, and GNP powders after ball milling are shown in Fig. 1. The larger particles are Cu, and the smaller particles that are uniformly dispersed between the Cu particles areTi3SiC2 and C. At a higher magnification, the bridging state of MWCNTs and embedded state of GNP powders, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1, were dispersed on the peripheral surfaces of Cu particles. Cold welding enables the copper matrix to be well bounded to GNPs/MWCNTs. GNPs with certain transparency and winding linear MWCNTs were distributed on the surface or in the interior of the copper particle agglomerate. As shown in Fig. 1a, most MWCNTs are disordered and distributed on the surface of the copper particles. MWCNTs formed a bridge between copper particle agglomerates as shown in the inlay and indicated by arrows. This indicates that the ball-milling process promotes interface bonding between the reinforcement MWCNTs and the matrix [26]. As shown in Fig. 1b, agglomerate GNPs were distributed on the surface of the copper matrix. Agglomeration occurs in GNPs, as shown by the arrows. The intrinsic extremely large specific surface area of GNPs and the presence of van der Waals force increased the susceptibility to agglomeration, decreased the dispersion uniformity, and reduced the interface bonding. In Fig. 1c, as shown by the arrows, small size GNPs are inlaid into the matrix due to the mechanical action of ball milling, collision, and friction between composite powder particles and GNPs during ball milling, thus improving the interface bonding strength. Nevertheless, many wrinkles occur in GNPs, thus reducing the effective contact area between GNPs and the matrix. In Fig. 1d, as indicated by the arrows, MWCNTs are inlaid into the Cu matrix and distributed on the surface of Cu particles in a disordered manner. In general, the ball-milling mixing process is efficient, resulting in the effective inlay of some GNPs/MWCNTs into the copper matrix particles. Nevertheless, the agglomeration of GNPs/MWCNTs is still very severe.
SEM images of raw materials of Cu, Ti3SiC2, C, MWCNT, and graphene powders after ball milling, taken at a low magnification (b) and a high magnification (a, c, d). a–c Nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% graphenes and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs. d Nanocomposites with 0.8 wt% graphenes and 0.2 wt% MWCNTs
The XRD results of raw materials including Cu, Ti3SiC2, C, MWCNTs, and GNPs after ball milling are shown in Fig. 2. The results show changes in the new phase identification from raw materials to the mechanical alloying process. Cu, Ti3SiC2, and graphite were detected as shown in Fig. 2, indicating that phase identification did not occur during the mechanical alloying process. No diffraction peaks were observed for CuO or Cu2O, indicating that the copper powder was not oxidized, the decomposition reaction did not occur for Ti3SiC2, and no chemical reaction occurred.
XRD patterns of raw materials after ball milling. Nanocomposites with 0.8 wt% graphenes and 0.2 wt% MWCNTs, nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% graphenes and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs, and nanocomposites with 0.2 wt% graphenes and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs
Nanocomposite Phase and Microstructure Identification
The compactness of nanocomposites prepared with 0.2 wt% graphene and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs approximates the compactness of nanocomposites prepared with 0.5 wt% graphene and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs. However, the compactness decreased to 96.43% when the composition was 0.8 wt% graphene and 0.2 wt% MWCNTs. As mentioned above, with the increase of the content of GNPs, the agglomeration of reinforcement phase exhibits an increasing trend and thus weakens its effect to refine grains and impedes sintering and bonding, formation and growth of the sintering neck, and gap closing between Cu particles. In this way, the GNPs can influence diffusion and migration between Cu atoms and increase porosity. Therefore, the compactness of sintered nanocomposites decreased with increased GNPs. In the experiment, the compactness of nanocomposites prepared with 0.2 wt% graphene and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs was less than that of nanocomposites prepared with 0.5 wt% graphene and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs, but this difference is very slight. Consequently, GNP/MWCNT synergistic enhancement increased reinforcement agglomeration and decreased the grain refinement effect, hindering Cu particles sintering, the formation and growth of sintered necks, and the gap closure process. Overall, the GNPs/MWCNTs affected the diffusion of Cu atoms between the matrix and reinforcements to reduce interfacial bonding and increase nanocomposite porosity.
In the metallographic microstructure information presented in Fig. 3, the white structure is the Cu matrix, the gray structure is Ti3SiC2, and the black part is C or the hole. The Cu phases are basically connected to form the matrix, which is a discontinuous network-like structure distributed on Ti3SiC2 or TiC. But the graphite is distributed in a completely isolated manner so that most of the graphite is uniformly distributed in the Cu matrix in a smallish, worm-like shape or an irregular flocculent shape, thus improving the antifriction lubricating property of the sintered nanocomposite. During sintering of the nanocomposites, Cu particles do not interact with the Ti3SiC2 and the graphite powder. The semi-melted Cu particles are sintered into the copper matrix after contacting each other to form a bonding surface that allows the formation and growth of a sintering neck and the formation of closed pores. The original mechanical engagement transforms into interatomic metallurgical bonding. The graphite or agglomerated GNPs and MWCNTs are retained in closed pores to form the black area evident in the metallographic microstructure. The Ti3SiC2 powder is also subjected to a sintering process with Cu particles, thus forming the gray Ti3SiC2 region in the metallographic microstructure. According to the researching report on XRD analysis of the similar sintered nanocomposites, the differences are as follows: Ti3SiC2 is decomposed into Si and TiC at a sintering temperature of 950 °C [27]. Si atoms and the copper matrix react to produce Cu9Si, which increases the interface bonding between the Cu matrix and Ti3SiC2 [27].
Metallographic results of sintered nanocomposites with 0.8 wt% graphenes and 0.2 wt% MWCNTs in different directions (a is parallel to the pressure and b is a perpendicular to the pressure)
The metallurgical phase of nanocomposites is shown in Fig. 3 in the longitudinal and traverse directions relative to the hot pressing direction. There are significant differences in the metallurgical phase microstructure perpendicular and parallel to the hot pressing direction. The graphite in the black region perpendicular to the hot-pressing direction exhibits a flocculent shape, and the graphite in the black region parallel to the hot-pressing direction exhibits a more slender shape. The reasons for this difference are as follows: The hot pressing sintering process is single-action pressing. Vertical pressure is applied on the composite powder in a cylindrical graphite die. There are significant morphological differences between the graphite perpendicular to the hot-pressing direction and the graphite parallel to the hot-pressing direction, because the graphite is intrinsically fluffy. These differences are maintained after isostatic pressing, because the pressures applied to the composite green body are equal in every direction during isostatic pressing after the hot pressing sintering step. Thus, the morphological differences formed during hot pressing sintering remain.
To further identify the products, the nanocomposite microstructure was analyzed by EPMA for elemental mapping. As shown in Fig. 4a, the backscattered (BS) image shows Cu grains at a higher contrast, and Ti3SiC2 and C were located between Cu grains with darker contrast. Based on the distribution of Cu in the sintered nanocomposites shown in Fig. 4b, the red region represents Cu and is the majority of the material. The red bright spots in Fig. 4c represents C element. It can be inferred that agglomeration occurs in the nanocarbon. Based on the observation of the distribution of Ti in Fig. 4d, the yellow irregular bright spot distributed throughout the whole matrix is Ti, corresponding to the gray phase in Fig. 4a. Similarly, the green bright spots in Fig. 4e represent the distribution of Si in the sintered nanocomposites. Based on this observation, Si is distributed uniformly. La is also dispersed in the sintered nanocomposites, and the red bright spots in Fig. 4f represent La. La is added to increase the compactness of sintered nanocomposites. The observed homogeneous dispersion in the sintered nanocomposites is very important for the resulting properties of the prepared materials.
EPMA analyses of sintered nanocomposites with 0.2 wt% graphenes and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs. a BS image, b Cu map, c C map, d Ti map, e Si map, and f La map
Light gray spots of Ti3SiC2were observed and are indicated in the dotted line box in Fig. 4a, and Cu and Ti are present in the dotted line box in Fig. 4b, d. Within the dotted line box in Fig. 4b, the color changes from bright red to green from the matrix to the center of the bright spots, indicating that the concentration of Cu is decreasing gradually. Within the dotted line box in Fig. 4c, the color of Ti changes from orange in interior to green in exterior. It can be inferred that the concentration of Ti3SiC2 is decreasing gradually. These results suggest that the Cu phase and Ti3SiC2 phase are closely bound and Cu and Ti3SiC2 have high wettability [27].
Based on the observation and comparison of the areas indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4a-c, it can be inferred that the black tadpole-like substance primarily comprises C. As shown in Fig. 4c, the center of C is bright red, indicating that the concentration of C is high. A green circle around the bright red spots indicates that the concentration of C decreases gradually from the center of the bright spots to the exterior. As indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4b, the color changes from bright red to green and then the final color is dark blue, moving from the matrix to the center of the bright spots. The changes in color indicate that the concentration of Cu is decreasing gradually. Such gradual change processes of the two elements verify the mutual diffusion of C and Cu, suggesting close binding between the C reinforcement phase and the Cu matrix. The content of Cu in the red dotted line box is high and stable, and the corresponding content of C is low but stable, indicating a small amount of C diffuses in Cu. Cu and C would not react to produce new substances under the conditions of the experiment. These results suggest that C partially diffuses into Cu, and Cu and C form are well bound.
Figure 5 presents the linear scan results at a random position of nanocomposites prepared with 0.2 wt% graphene and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs. Figure 5a shows the line distribution of Cu elements, and Fig. 5b is the line distribution of the C element. The Cu element content is high at the red dotted line box and remains stable. The corresponding C element content is low and also remains stable. This may serve to explain, at least in part, diffusion of a small amount of C into Cu because Cu and C in this experimental condition will not react to generate a new phase. Therefore, Cu and C area good combination as carbon atoms can diffuse in copper atoms.
Element distribution line scanning of sintered nanocomposites with 0.2 wt% graphenes and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs. a Cu and b C
TEM image of the prepared nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% graphene and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs is shown in Fig. 6. Figure 6a is TEM image showing nano-carbon microstructure in Cu matrix, and Fig. 6b is magnified TEM image of Fig. 6a. in which the microstructure of nano-carbon that can be found in that figure, inserted in Fig. 6a, is the EDS spectra taken from the marked cross symbol spots 1and 2. Figure 6c, d is a high-resolution TEM image analysis taken from the marked cross symbol spots 1 and 2 in Fig. 6a. When coupled with the results of morphological and EDS, leads to conclusion that nano-Carbon are solid rod-shaped, its atomic arrangement arrange is significantly different with copper atoms and combine well, while diffraction rings in Fig. 6c, d indicate GNPs and MWCNTs' agglomeration is serious [28].
a–d TEM image in sintered nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% graphenes and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs. a TEM image showing nano-Carbon microstructure in Cu; b Magnified TEM image of Fig. 6a; c High resolution TEM image analysis taken from the marked cross symbol spots 1 in Fig. 6a; d High resolution TEM image analysis taken from the marked cross symbol spots 2 in Fig. 6a. Inserted in a is EDS spectra taken from the marked cross symbol spots 1and 2
Figure 7a is the TEM image of graphene in the sintered nanocomposites prepared with 0.5 wt% graphene and 0.5wt% MWCNTs. From Fig. 7a, it can be seen that graphene is present in the Cu matrix. The result inserted in Fig. 7a is the EDS spectra taken from Fig. 7a. The graphene appears translucent, the edges are curled, and the graphene is still mostly in a monolayer in the composite, with even distribution.
a TEM image of graphenes in sintered nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% graphenes and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs. b Diffraction patterns from Fig. 7a. Inserted in Fig. 7a is a EDS spectra taken from Fig. 7a
Figure 8 shows the XRD patterns of the nanocomposites in which TiC and Cu9Si were detected. These results are similar to the results in Fig. 2 of the nanocomposite powders and three types of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C/graphene composites. The Ti3SiC2 is decomposed at high temperature, and the decomposition products and Cu matrix will react to generate Cu9Si. At a high temperature, the special interlayer weakly-bonding structure of Ti3SiC2 can make it easy for Si atom to break the restraint bonding to form frees Si. The decomposed Si enters the Cu matrix to form Cu-Si solid solution [27]. TiC is a decomposition product of Ti3SiC2 during sintering as Si atoms separate from Ti3SiC2 [27]. TiC is a hard brittle phase with a high melting point, so it has high hardness characteristics. Cu9Si is also a hard brittle phase. Both TiC and Cu9Si can cause stress concentration, which can reduce performance of the nanocomposites.
XRD patterns of sintered nanocomposites: Nanocomposites with 0.8 wt% graphenes and 0.2 wt% MWCNTs, nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% graphenes and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs, and nanocomposites with 0.2 wt% graphenes and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs
The thermodynamic analysis of the possible reactions can be analyzed through the following reactions during the sintering process of composites [11]:
$$ {\mathrm{Ti}}_3{\mathrm{SiC}}_2=3{\mathrm{Ti}\mathrm{C}}_{2/3}+\mathrm{Si} $$
$$ \mathrm{C}+\mathrm{Si}=\mathrm{SiC} $$
$$ \mathrm{SiC}+9\mathrm{Cu}={\mathrm{Cu}}_9\mathrm{Si}+\mathrm{C} $$
$$ \mathrm{Si}+9\mathrm{Cu}={\mathrm{Cu}}_9\mathrm{Si} $$
The Gibbs free energy of reaction (1) in which Ti3SiC2 is decomposed can be calculated as: Δ r G m = ∑ ν B Δf G m = ‐ 106.52kJ/mol < 0 indicating that the reaction can occur [11]. For reaction (2), the Gibbs free energy of the reaction can be calculated as: (4) − (3) = (2), and the ΔrGm of the reaction (2) is − 66.99 kJ/mol. Thus, reaction (4) tends to occur more frequently than reaction (3), which is consistent with the absence of SiC compounds in the XRD phase analysis.
Mechanical Properties and Tensile Fracture Analysis of Nanocomposite Materials
Samples were tested using a Micro Vickers Hardness Tester in which the composite hardness is given as
$$ \mathrm{HV}=\frac{0.102F}{A}=0.1891\frac{F}{d^2} $$
where HV is the Micro Vickers hardness, F is the loading (gf), A is the surface area of indentation pits (mm2), and d is the residual indentation of two diagonal lengths, d = (d1 + d2)/2.
The results of the micro Vickers hardness tests for the nanocomposites were determined and are listed in Table 4. The microhardness of the sintered nanocomposites exhibited a slightly decreasing trend, decreasing to 96.859 from 97.787 when the composition changed from 0.5 wt% graphene and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs to 0.2 wt% graphene and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs. However, the microhardness of the sintered nanocomposites decreased significantly by 9.4%, decreasing to 88.626 from 97.787, when the content of GNPs increased to 0.8 wt%. Overall, with the increase of the content of GNPs, the hardness of the sintered nanocomposites exhibited a decreasing trend. Fundamental causes of the trend are as follows: (1) With the increase of the content of GNPs, agglomeration is more likely to occur in GNPs than in MWCNTs, as GNPs have a larger diameter. Finally, agglomeration occurred in the reinforcement phase as GNPs and MWCNTs increased. The agglomeration thus decreases the number of the reinforcement phases that transmit load and decrease the hardness of the sintered nanocomposites [11, 13, 22]. Sintering decreases binding between the matrixes, increases the void fraction, and decreases the compactness and the hardness of the sintered nanocomposites [11, 13, 22]. (2)With the increase of the content of GNPs, the corresponding content of MWCNTs decreases.
Table 4 Mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials
The measured mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are listed in Table 4. When the soft coefficient of stress (α) of the uni-axial compression test is 2, it is softer than the tensile stress state and can show mechanical behavior of the brittle material in the plastic state. From Table 4, the compressive strength of the nanocomposites decreased with the increase of GNPs content. The compressive strength differences of the nanocomposites were within 2% for the nanocomposites prepared with 0.2 wt% and 0.5 wt% of GNPs. The material prepared with 0.8 wt% GNPs showed a decrease of 12% in the compressive strength. Similarly, the tensile strength of the nanocomposites declined 12%. For nanocomposites synergistically strengthened by GNPs and MWCNTs, the GNPs and MWCNTs agglomeration increases with increased amount of GNPs, which can lead to the uneven distribution of GNPs and MWCNTs in the nanocomposites. The formation of irregular micro-cracks also increased in the compression sintering process, and the interfacial bonding with the copper matrix was poor due to the agglomeration, eventually leading to reduced compressive strength and tensile strength of the nanocomposites [22].
Table 4 also shows the shear strength data of the nanocomposites. As shown above, the general trend appears to be decreased shear strength as the GNPs content increases. The shear strength differences of the nanocomposites are small (only down to 3.6%) for the nanocomposites with 0.2 wt% and 0.5 wt% of GNPs. However, for the 0.8 wt% GNP material, the shear strength of the nanocomposites declined 20.6%. The observed shear strength change trend of the nanocomposites is consistent with the tensile and compressive strength of the nanocomposites. That is because the shear strength reflects the material cohesion including the atomic or intermolecular interconnection force, so shear strength can be used as an indicator of interface binding strength between the copper matrix and the strengthening phase. GNP and MWCNT agglomeration increased with the increase of GNP contents, which can lead to the uneven distribution of GNPs and MWCNTs in the nanocomposites. Simultaneously, the huge specific surface area and small thickness between graphene and the copper matrix allow interfacial bonding and shear strength transferring [29]. Thereby, a decline in the shear-lagging enhancement phase could result in a decrease of the shear strength of the nanocomposite material.
Tensile deformation curves of nanocomposites were determined and are shown in Fig. 9. The tensile strength of the sintered nanocomposites primarily depends on the compactness of sintered nanocomposites, homogeneous dispersion of the reinforcement phase, and interface bonding between the reinforcement phase and the matrix (or wettability). With increased content of GNPs, the tensile strength of the sintered nanocomposites exhibited a decreasing trend. There were minor differences in tensile strength between the sintered nanocomposites prepared with 0.2 wt% GNPs or 0.5 wt% GNPs. However, the tensile strength of the sintered nanocomposites decreased by 12% when the content of GNPs increased to 0.8 wt%. This is consistent with the variation trend of the compactness of the sintered nanocomposites. With the increase of the content of GNPs, the agglomeration of the reinforcement phase increases and the extent of heterogeneous distribution in the sintered nanocomposites increases, thus loosening the organization of the sintered nanocomposites [30]. Agglomeration of GNPs and MWCNTs prevents the effects of improved strength and reinforcement, thus decreasing the tensile strength of the sintered nanocomposites. If the extent of agglomeration of the reinforcement phase increases, the extent of irregular microcracks would also increase during the pressing-sintering process. This results in increased stress concentration and decreased effective bearing area of the stress. Finally, the tensile strength of the sintered nanocomposites decreases. Due to the non-wetting between the Cu matrix and GNPs and MWCNTs, the interface bonding is dominated by physical and mechanical bonding. The dispersion is much better and certain interface bonding occurs for low GNPs and MWCNTs. In this study of GNP/MWCNT synergistic action, with an increase of GNPs, the agglomeration extent of the reinforcement phase increased and the interface bonding was weak, thus decreasing the capacity of the reinforcement phase to transmit the load and finally decreasing the tensile strength of the sintered nanocomposites [22].
Tensile deformation curves of sintered nanocomposites: Nanocomposites with 0.8 wt% graphenes and 0.2 wt% MWCNTs, nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% graphenes and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs, and nanocomposites with 0.2 wt% graphenes and 0.8 wt% MWCNTs
In summary, co-operative enhancement effects of multi-phase reinforcements were significantly higher than single MWCNT enhancement effects or without GNP/MWCNT synergistic action for the mechanical properties of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C, Cu/Ti3SiC2/C/MWCNTs, and Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites reinforced by MWCNTs and graphene. These enhancing effects include grain refinement strengthening, load transfer strengthening, Orowan mechanism strengthening, and large interface strengthening of GNPs.
Figure 10 presents SEM analyses of tensile fracture microscopic process of the nanocomposites. As shown in Figs. 10a, b, the fracture surface of the nanocomposites exhibits a typical dimple and cleavage fracture pattern. Simultaneously, due to non-wetting phenomenon between GNPs, MWCNTs, and the Cu matrix, or due to defects in the sintering process, cracks or holes were evident, as indicated by arrows 2 and 3. This is consistent with the absence of GNPs, MWCNTs, and Cu matrix in the TEM analysis. Stress concentration occurs at cracks or holes of nanocomposites, and microcracks can initiate in these regions to form cracks or holes that can propagate and lead to fracture. Graphene itself has a large specific surface area that increases the contact area with the Cu matrix to promote interface bonding, but also makes it more prone to agglomeration [13]. In Fig. 10c, graphene sheets are pulled out during the tensile test as indicated by arrows 2 and 3. The two arrows show interface bonding between graphene and the Cu matrix. The agglomerated graphene atoms are pulled out from the adjacent micro-cracks at arrow 2, because the agglomeration of graphene leads to the formation of cracks. The graphene is embedded in the Cu matrix because the interface bonding is good between the graphene and the Cu matrix. However, agglomerated graphene sheets can be seen in Fig. 10d and are not effectively transferred during loading in the matrix. Under tensile stress, agglomerations can form micro-cracks and extend sequentially into a crack or form a secondary crack [13, 22, 30]. Additionally, the unique fold structure of graphene can be seen as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 10d. The graphene atoms are first flattened and then rupture when subjected to stress, leading to a certain strengthening-toughening effect. As shown in Fig. 10e, MWCNTs have been embedded in the Cu matrix, explaining MWCNTs good loading transfer ability and the improved tensile strength of the nanocomposites [11]. Nevertheless, as shown in Fig. 10e, f, the disordered aggregation of MWCNTs is observed, and micropores or microcracks are formed in the agglomeration region, which decrease the strength of the nanocomposites.
a−f SEM images of fractures of the sintered nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% graphenes and 0.5 wt% MWCNTs
The following conclusions can be drawn based on microstructural and mechanical evaluation of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and graphene.
Powder metallurgy techniques (vacuum hot-pressing and hot isostatic pressing) can successfully be applied to synthesize Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and graphene.
The synergetic effect of sintered nanocomposites primarily depends on the compactness of the sintered nanocomposites, the homogeneous dispersion of the reinforcement phase, and interface bonding between the reinforcement phase and the matrix.
The optimum value of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites was reinforced with 0.8 wt% MWCNTs and 0.2wt% graphene. When GNPs and CNTs are used as the synergistically reinforced matrix, with the increase of GNPs content, reinforcement agglomeration increasingly affects the strengthening and fracture mechanism of the resulting materials.
Enhanced properties of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and graphene include grain refinement strengthening, load transfer strengthening, Orowan mechanism strengthening, and large interface strengthening of GNPs.
EDS:
Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer
Hot isostatic pressing
MWCNTs:
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
VHP:
Vacuum hot-pressing
XRD:
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Zhou Y, Chen B, Wang X, Yan C (2004) Mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2 particulate reinforced copper prepared by hot pressing of copper coated Ti3SiC2 and copper powder. Mater Sci Technol 20(5):661–665
Liu WX, Jiang XS, Shao ZY, Mo DF, Zhu DG, Zhang M (2015) Tribological behaviors of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C/MWCNTs composites with electric current. J Comput Theor Nanos 12(9):2664–2672
Kim YB, Lee JS, Yeom MS, Shin JW et al (2013) Strengthening effect of single-atomic-layer graphene in metal-graphene nanolayered composites. Nat Commun 4:2114. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3114>
Eatemadi A, Daraee H, Karimkhanloo H et al (2014) Carbon nanotubes: properties, synthesis, purification, and medical applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 9:393. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-393
Gao Y (2017) Graphene and polymer composites for supercapacitor applications: a review. Nanoscale Res Lett 12:387. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-017-2150-5
Liu XX, Yin JH, Kou YJ, Chen MH, Liu YY, Li JL, Zhang N, Yao L, Wu ZH, Su B (2015) Mechanical property of polyimide nanocomposite films with nitrogen doped graphene. Nanosci Nanotech Let 7(3):262–267
Jiang XS, Liu WX, Li JR, Shao ZY, Zhu DG (2015) Microstructures and mechanical properties of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C/MWCNTs composites prepared by vacuum hot-pressing sintering. J. Alloys Compd 618:700–706
Li JR, Jiang XS, Shao ZY, Zhu DG, Johnson SS, Luo ZP, Zhu MH (2015) Microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-phase strengthened al/Si/Al2O3/SiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposites sintered by in situ vacuum hot-pressing. J Nanomater 10:589754. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/589754
Hwang J, Yoon T, Jin SH, Lee J, Kim TS, Hong SH, Jeon S (2013) Enhanced mechanical properties of grapheme/copper nanocomposites using a molecular-level mixing process. Adv Mater 25(46):6724–6729
Geim AK, Grigorieva IV (2013) Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 499:419–425
Chao DL, Liang P, Chen Z, Bai LY, Shen H, Liu XX, Xia XH, Zhao YL, Savilov VS, Lin JY, Shen ZX (2016) Pseudocapacitive Na-ion storage boosts high rate and areal capacity of self-branched 2D layered metal chalcogenide nanoarrays. ACS Nano 10:10211–10219
Zhang C, XW X (2013) Finite element analysis of 3D braided composites based on three unit-cells models. Compos Struct 98:130–142
Shin MK, Lee B, Kim SH, Lee JA, Spinks GM, Gambhir S, Wallace GG, Kozlov ME, Baughman RH, Kim SJ (2012) Synergistic toughening of composite fibres by self-alignment of reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 3:650 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1661
Kim KJ, Yu WR, Lee JS, Gao LM, Thostenson ET, Chou TW, Byun JH (2010) Damage characterization of 3D braided composites using carbon nanotube-based in situ sensing. Compos Part A Appl S 41(10):1531–1537
Liu XX, Chao DL, DP S, Liu SK, Chen L, Chi CX, Lin JY, Shen ZX, Zhao JP, Mai LQ, Li Y (2017) Graphene nanowires anchored to 3D graphene foam via self-assembly for high performance Li and Na ion storage. Nano Energy 37:108–117
Tjong SC (2013) Recent progress in the development and properties of novel metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets. Mater Sci Eng R 74(10):281–350
Moghadam AD, Omrani E, Menezes PL, Rohatgi PK (2015) Mechanical and tribological properties of self-lubricating metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene—a review. Compos Part B: Eng 77:402–420
Muhammad R, Pan FS, Tang AT, Muhammad A, Muhammad A (2014) Synergetic effect of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MW-CNTs) on mechanical properties of pure magnesium. J. Alloys Compd 603:111–118
Jiang XS, Shao ZY, Li JR, Liu WX, Zhu DG, Liu D (2015) Dispersion characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with gallic acid. J Nanosci Nanotechno 15(12):9874–9878
Li JR, Jiang XS, Shen R, Shao ZY, Zhu DG, Liu D (2015) Dispersion characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoflakes with oxygen plasma. Nanosci Nanotech Let 7(7):581–587
Irukuvarghulaa S, Hassaninb H, Cayron C et al (2017) Evolution of grain boundary network topology in 316L austenitic stainless steel during powder hot isostatic pressing. Acta Mater 133:269–281
Bastwros M, Kim GY, Zhu C, Zhang K, Wang SR, Tang XD, Wang XW (2014) Effect of ball milling on graphene reinforced Al6061 composite fabricated by semi-solid sintering. Compos Part B: Eng 60:111–118
Pasumarthi V, Chen Y, Bakshi SR, Agarwal A (2009) Reaction synthesis of Ti3SiC2 phase in plasma sprayed coating. J Alloy Compd 484(1-2):113–117
Meyer JC, Geim AK, Katsnelson MI, Novoselov KS, Obergfell D, Roth S, Girit C, Zettl A (2007) On the roughness of single- and bi-layer graphene membranes. Solid State Commun 143:101–109
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Zhao C, Wang J (2014) Fabrication and tensile properties of grapheme/copper composites prepared by electroless plating for structural applications. Phys Status Solidi A 211(12):2878–2885
All data generated or analyzed are shown in the manuscript.
This work was supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Support Program (No. 2016FZ0079), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51201143), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2015 M570794), and R&D Projects Funding from the Research Council of Norway (No.263875/H30).
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
Xiaosong Jiang
, Tingfeng Song
, Zhenyi Shao
, Wanxia Liu
, Degui Zhu
& Minhao Zhu
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TS and ZS implemented and conducted the experiments. XJ and WL characterized the interfaces and discussed the results. All the authors participated in design of the experiments and cooperated in writing this paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Xiaosong Jiang or Zhenyi Shao.
Jiang, X., Song, T., Shao, Z. et al. Synergetic Effect of Graphene and MWCNTs on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu/Ti3SiC2/C Nanocomposites. Nanoscale Res Lett 12, 607 (2017) doi:10.1186/s11671-017-2378-0
Cu/Ti3SiC2/C Nanocomposites


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Home/Business/Intel Neural Computing Stick 2, Start Without AI, Deep Learning Without Cloud
Intel Neural Computing Stick 2, Start Without AI, Deep Learning Without Cloud
canada November 14, 2018 Business, canada
Intel has released the next version of the Neural Compute Stick, a simple USB device that can greatly accelerate AI processing and deep learning inference for consumer PCs. Aim for use cases where neural networks must be deployed without connecting to cloud-based computing resources. The new Neural Compute Stick 2 uses the Intel Movidius Myriad X VPU (visual processing unit). In 2016, Intel acquired Movidius, a computer vision processing venture. The device costs $ 99 (about $ 7,137).
The Neural Compute Stick 2 is slightly larger than the thumb drive and connects to a standard USB 3.0 port. This device has no fans and requires no additional power. It can be used with pre-trained neural networks for smart cameras, IoT devices, robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles and VR hardware. You can also use it to test the AI model at "edge". This means that it is not possible to send fast processing or sensitive data to a remote server on a local system other than the cloud. Intel saw a demo of its first-generation Neural Compute Stick, which previously recognized and categorized people and objects in the video generation in real-time. This game can be used for traffic management when security applications or traffic latency are critical. There is.
Intel claims to offer up to eight times better performance in certain situations with Neural Compute Stick 2 compared to previous versions. The Myriad X VPU has a dedicated neural computing engine, 16 programmable computing cores, and logic to handle dual 720p video streams. The device now works on Linux on standard PC or Raspberry pie computers, but Intel said support for Windows ML will soon be available. The Tensorflow and Caffe frameworks are supported and Intel deploys its own version of the OpenVino Toolkit to accelerate computer vision performance.
According to Intel, 43% of AI work should be processed on non-cloud edges by 2023, and the number of edge devices supporting AI processing is expected to increase by 15 times. The company expects future AI capabilities to be an important part of the client PC workload. According to the company's research, almost 70% of Indian companies can distribute artificial intelligence by 2020.
In addition to acquiring Movidius, Intel has acquired AI start Nervana Systems and in-depth learning company Vertex.AI over the past few years. Intel recently announced a $ 1 billion artificial intelligence processor in 2017. The company recently hosted the AI DevCon conference in Bengaluru to train more than 99,000 Indian students, teachers and developers in AI, Improved accessibility of artificial intelligence development tools.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to create a new GA tracker, if already be another tracker In my case, I have a SPA. On the first page created 1 ga tracker and on the second page I want to create another 3 ga trackers, but the create method not working:
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-Y', 'auto');

Help me, please. Maybe there is an option to destroy all trackers and create new ones?

A: As Sergiu pointed out in the comment, the developer manual provides an example for your case.
You would need to create multiple trackers, providing each additional tracker with a unique name. The name can be passed via the optional fourth argument. So, to work with three trackers at the same time, you can modify your code this way:
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto');
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-Y', 'auto', 'clientTracker1');
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-Z', 'auto', 'clientTracker2');

To track an event in this case, you would need to prefix the command with the tracker name. Sending an event without specifying the tracker name would be treated as sending with the default tracker:
ga('send', 'pageview');
ga('clientTracker1.send', 'pageview');
ga('clientTracker2.send', 'pageview');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
GA £738.00, NGA £498.20
GA £40.00, NGA £125.07
Monthly Standing Orders
Monthly Building Fund
GA £102.00
GA £60.00
St Anthony's Box
GA £2.00
Obligation to attend Mass on Sundays/Holy Days of Obligation
This obligation will be re-instated from Sunday 2nd January 2022, the Solemnity of the Epiphany.
St Thomas'
Friday 24th December: Vigil Mass 5:30pm, Midnight Mass (12 midnight).
Christmas Morning 10am, 11:30am.
Sunday 26th December - Feast of Holy Family: 10am, 11:30am, 5pm (No Saturday Vigil on Christmas Day night)
Monday 27th December - Patronal Feast of St John the Evangelist: Mass at 10am to celebrate our Parish Patron.
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God 1st Jan: Both Parishes Masses at 10am. Both Parishes will be Consecrated to Our Blessed Mother.
Sunday 2nd January - Feast of the Epiphany: 10am, 11:30am, 5pm (No Saturday Vigil, 1st Jan, New Year's Day night)
Friday 24th December: Vigil Masses 5pm, 7pm
Christmas Morning 10am.
Sunday 26th December - Feast of Holy Family: 8:30am, 10am (No Saturday Vigil, Christmas Day night)
Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God 1st Jan: Both Parishes Masses at 10am. Both Parishes will be Consecrated to Our Blessed Mother.
Sunday 2nd January - Feast of the Epiphany: 8:30am, 10am (No Saturday Vigil, 1st Jan, New Year's Day night
Rorate Mass: This Wednesday 22nd December at 7:30am
The Mass is celebrated in candle light, beginning in darkness and ending as a new day dawns, and we await, Christ the Light of the world.
Assisted Suicide Public Consultation
https://www.spuc.org.uk/assisteddyingscotlandconsultation
The consultation is running until Wednesday 22 December 21. Please take time to complete.
Jesse Tree
The vouchers have been distributed to our local schools. Thank you for your generosity.
Gentle Reminder
Please continue to wear face-masks (unless exempt) and to sanitise your hands on entering/leaving the Church and sign in and to respect people's personal space. Thank you.
St Thomas 200 Club
Margaret Wood will be available this weekend of 18/19 Dec after Mass for renewing or wishing to join for next year. It is £10 per number for the year, one draw, each month except for July & August. (50% of proceeds to prize winners and 50% for church funds)
Oratory Christmas Closure
Please note that the Oratory will be closed for Eucharistic Adoration from 9:00pm on Wednesday, December 22nd until 10:30am on Wednesday, January 5th.
Blessing of homes January 2022
We are reviving a beautiful tradition of the Church called "House Blessings". As we begin a New Year, Fr Joe/Jonathan will be delighted to visit your home to offer the Lord's blessing and protection for the year ahead. To arrange a visit, cut off the slip at the bottom of your bulletin and return with details completed as soon as possible.
Vigil Mass in St Thomas from weekend 8th January 2022
The Vigil Mass will revert back to 4pm. However, if one of the priests is away, the Mass will be cancelled.
We pray for those who have died recently, especially
Gavin Boyle, George McGuire, Catherine Lawless, John Michael Mooney;
the 1st month's mind of
Helen Markey;
the 3 months' mind of
Tony McLachlan;
Brian Tinney;
and for the Anniversaries of
John Boyle, John & Helen Carroll, Mariano Coelho, Andy Divers, Thomas Guthrie, John & Rose Farrell, James Hallan Snr, Ann Hannigan, Vincent Hannigan, Jack Kennedy, Elizabeth Mooney, Jim & Margaret Murphy, Maureen McGuire, Sheila & Susan McKee, Nancy McKenna, James McQuade, Marc Smith, and Thomas Wood.
Marriage Preparation Courses
Please download the file below for information on courses for couples preparing for the sacrament of marriage.
Marriage Preparation Courses 2022
GA £245.00, NGA £44.00
24th Dec: Vigil Mass 5:30pm. Midnight Mass (12 midnight).
Christmas Morning: 10am & 11:30am.
24th Dec: Vigil Masses 5pm, 7pm
Christmas Morning: 10am.
Funeral in St John's
Gerald Finnell on Monday 13th December at 10am.
Sacred Heart Companions Prayer Group
Meeting in Tea Room this Tuesday 14th December from 1pm-2pm.
Rorate Mass: Each Wednesday of Advent at 7:30am
Monthly Pro-Life Mass
This Wednesday, 15th December at 7:30pm at Holy Cross, 113 Dixon Ave, G42 8ER. Adoration begins at 6:15pm and Confession will be available throughout. The celebrant will be Fr Ben Mournian.
Men on a Mission - Advent Evening: Thursday 16th December at 7:30pm
We invite all men of the Diocese to join us for an Advent Holy Hour in St. Mirin's Cathedral, followed by socialising over appropriate refreshments in the diocesan centre! Please register at https://rcdop.org.uk/mens-advent-holy-hour
Jesse Tree (both Parishes)
We are inviting those who wish to help families in schools & community who maybe struggling to buy Shopping Vouchers to be given as Gifts from our Parishes. Please drop off vouchers in box/house. Please mark amount on outside of envelope.
Think vocation
"What must we do?" The people ask John for guidance. Are seeking advice on what God is asking of you too. Diocesan Vocations Director, Fr. John Morrison Tel: 01418895056 / e-mail vocations@rcdop.org.uk
Please continue to wear face-masks (unless exempt) and to sanitise your hands on entering/leaving and to respect people's personal space. Thank you.
St Thomas 200 Club:
Margaret Wood will be available next weekend of 18/19 Dec after Mass for renewing or wishing to join for next year. It is £10 per number for the year, one draw, each month except for July & August. (50% of proceeds to prize winners and 50% for church funds)
St John's 100 Club November Winners
1st £100 Mgt Cassidy No 10,
2nd £70 T & M Mc Bride No 11,
3rd £35 M. Collins No 63,
4th £20 Thos Reilly No 49,
5th £20 M M Davidson No 78.
Scottish Catholic Magazine
Newest copy available at £2. Place monies in Paper Box (St John's) and Stall box (St Thomas). If you want to order a copy see Fr Joe/Jonathan.
We pray for those who have died recently
Gerald Finnell, John Keenan, Patricia Dailly, James McMillan, and Frank Ward;
Margaret Carroll, Amelia Clarke, Winnie Colclough, Nessie Collins, David Davidson, Kathyrn Devlin, Isabella Docherty, Gerard Ellis, William Ellis, Thomas Hughes, Jim Minnery, Robert Minnery, Bernard & Susan McAllister Mary McAllister, Carol O'Donnell, Alex & Dolly Quinn, Mary & Tommy Sproul, Hugh Welsh, Canon Eugene Divney, Mon Hugh Gallagher, Canon William Harkins, Canon Michael Teehan, and Canon Robert Barclay.
This weekend: Monthly Building Fund
Deanery Reconciliation/Confessions
The 4 Priests of the Deanery will hear Confessions in St Joseph's Clarkston this Tuesday 7th December at 7pm and on Thursday 9th December here in St John's at 7pm.
We must send a strong message to Mr. McArthur, MSPs and the Scottish Government: that assisted suicide is a dangerous and unethical practice that must never be legalised in Scotland or any other part of the UK. The consultation is running until Wednesday 22 December 21. Please complete the questionnaire as soon as you can and encourage others to do the same. https://www.spuc.org.uk/assisteddyingscotlandconsultation
Closing Mass for the Year of St Joseph
The year dedicated to St Joseph will be formally closed with Mass at 7:00pm on Wednesday 8th December, the Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception, in St Mirin's Cathedral.
Margaret Wood will be available after both Masses on the weekend of 18/19 December for those renewing or wishing to join for next year. It is £10 per number for the year, one draw, each month except for July & August. (50% of proceeds to prize winners and 50% for church funds)
Action of Barrhead Churches
ABC will be having their annual Carol Singing at Tesco at 10:30am on Saturday 18th December and wish to invite anyone who would be happy to join them.
We invite all men of the Diocese to join us for an Advent Holy Hour in St. Mirin's Cathedral, on Thursday 16th December at 7:30pm, followed by socialising over appropriate refreshments in the Diocesan centre. Please register at https://rcdop.org.uk/mens-advent-holy-hour
Christmas Morning: 10am, 11:30am.
St Thomas:
Funerals in St John's:
Mon 6th Dec: Bernard Lafferty.
Tues 7th Dec: Ellen Burns.
We are inviting those who wish to help families in schools & community who maybe struggling to buy Shopping Vouchers to be given as Gifts from our Parishes. Please drop off vouchers in box/house.
Faith, Family and Fraternity - A Call to Service
Supporting our clergy, serving in our parishes, helping the needy and developing our personal and family faith with like- minded men. If you are a man aged 16 or over, Province 1 of the KSC is recruiting in the Diocese just now. Call John O'Donnell on 07854 886425 or email pgk@glasgow.ksc.org.uk
Noreen Brennan, Ellen Burns, Gerald Finnell, James Fleming, Bernard Lafferty, Margaret Lillie, James McGowan, Martin Reilly;
Tom Cloherty;
Jane Balmer, Elliot Cleary, Gerald Conafray, George Docherty, John McFlynn, Ian McGarrigle, Catherine & Michael McGuire, John O'Neill, Jane Sloan, Monica Tipping.


SMS barrier fabric is a unique tri-laminate construction that offers a high tensile strength and toughness that is also soft, drapable, and easy to work with. This material offers excellent barrier protection while keeping the worker cool and comfortable.
SMS barrier fabric is a unique tri-laminate construction that offers a high tensile strength and toughness that is also soft, drapable, and easy to work with. This material offers excellent barrier protection while keeping the worker cool and comfortable. SMS provides a fluid and particulate barrier to protect the worker without sacrificing mobiliy and comfort. Garments constructed of SMS fabric are strong and durable, yet offer outstanding comfort, breathability, softness, and wearability. SMS is lightweight and resistant to tears and punctures.


text:
Cornerstone Press publishes book tackling coming-of-age topics
STEVENS POINT – Combatting bullies and coping with differences are woven into a new children's book offered by Cornerstone Press, the student-staffed publishing house at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point.
"Eddie and Harry" is a nature-themed story of an unlikely friendship between two birds. Written by Jane Kretzmann of Monterey, Calif., it is aimed at readers in grades three to five. Set in the Elkhorn Slough State Marine Reserve in California, this coming-of-age story tackles issues such as identity and coping with bullying. The friendship between Eddie, a great egret, and Harry, a great blue heron, fosters an atmosphere of trust where both birds wrestle with their insecurities and come to understand themselves better.
The book will officially launch at 5:30 p.m. Thursday in the South Laird Room of Dreyfus University Center at UWSP. Members of Cornerstone Press — UWSP students in an English editing and publishing course — will join the author, who will read from the book. It will be available for sale, and Kretzmann will sign copies.
Kretzmann also will discuss "Eddie and Harry" and read from the book twice downtown — at 2 p.m. Wednesday at the Portage County Library in Stevens Point and from 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Thursday at the Central Wisconsin Children's Museum. All events are free and open to the public.
Kretzmann's inspiration for the story came from her daily commute to work. Passing over a branch of the Elkhorn Slough, she saw dozens of egrets. "That's when I started to notice a lone great egret and a great blue heron always together, and began to make up names, which turned into a story about the two birds," she said.
Cornerstone Press 2014 Editor-in-Chief Carly Keen said Kretzmann's storyline and illustrations by artist Diann Ditewig made the manuscript stand out. "'Eddie and Harry' is a story about overcoming adversity and being able to love yourself in a way children can appreciate," she said. "The illustrations for this book are beautiful, supplement the text well, and will keep younger readers engaged in the story."
Established in 1984, Cornerstone Press has published 34 titles in every major genre. For more information about Cornerstone Press, including book ordering information, visit uwsp.edu/cornerstone or email cornerstone@uwsp.edu.


If previously a leather jacket used to be popular among those who like gear, nowadays it is a very spread thing, that may be worn by everybody – from young people to old ones. Lots of designs and samples are exclusive and may easily make an individual look of any person, even though the silhouette is the same, but the colour can change the whole look, attracting either strict or casual style.
If there is a need to buy a new leather jacket, it is important to think about main rules to choose it right and not forget about the quality of genuine material, the colour and the silhouette. Customers mustn't hesitate with choosing nice trendy jackets, improving their figure and adding some charm to those, who adore leather attire.
So, overlooking the fashion shows from the catwalks we may see lots of designers hot leather jackets. Ladies have such a wide range of offers that uniqueness is guaranteed for everyone. This season leather jackets are presented in the collections of Givenchy, Phillip Lim, Saint Laurent and others.
As we can see, there are many variants in bright and subdued colours. The silhouettes are also various, from feminine to masculine which help to mix the influence of different trends in fashion. The most advantageous variant is that one, which is most beautiful, stylish and convenient for everyday wear. It is also important that leather jackets can be worn in any weather conditions and for any occasion. So, jackets protect from bad weather (wind, cold, frost, rain, snow) and make the look amazing.
Choosing a leather jacket, it is better to find the colour you may combine with other outfits. If the jacket is black, all the ideas of wearing additional components may be right, because black is a classic colour. It warms, gives boldness and multiplies the possibilities to wear it either to the party or to the office. Just bottom must be chosen properly, because it is important to put it on according to the figure and the occasion.
Leather jackets harmoniously fit to denims, silk and other materials. If a woman desires to be mysterious and enchanting, she can become a lady in red, so red leather jacket women may help them rule the world and become the most fashionable.
Red leather jacket women is a nice option. It may be tailored of patent or suede leather, too. It is better to underline classic elements, wearing the jacket with a pencil skirt or slim jeans. Strict pants will create a look for wearing at office. If the jacket has some rock tones, for instance, having the studded belts or different emblems, it may be teamed with leather pants, patent loafers, helmets and other parts of clothes. The women can underline such jacket at Amor & Psyche this season. The zippered trendy jacket with exclusive long sleeves may be easily followed by females of any age, especially while biking. But such a variant can be also used while walking, attending the disco, going for shopping and so on.
As for other colours, not less popular is burgundy tone. White, brown, beige and blue are also in trend this season. So the palette is very different and make some new updated look. Lots of leather jackets are tailored within retro style with mixed modernized elements.
For fall and winter days the best variant of leather jacket is the one, which has a fur collar. Shearling jackets are also called to protect the wearer from cold. So, there is a big choice of trendy leather jackets.


The Live Your Dream (LYD) Education & Training Awards Program is a Soroptimist "signature" program.
It is intended to assist disadvantaged women who provide the primary source of financial support for their families by giving them the resources they need to improve their education, skills, and employment prospects. There are no restrictions on the use of the funds which may be used for any financial requirements our winner has.
Two awards are given each year. The 1st place award is $3500. and the second place award is $1500.
The deadline to apply in 2018 is November 15th 2018.
Each year, more than $1.5 million is disbursed through cash awards at various levels of the organization. SI Peterborough currently gifts our recipient with $2000 to support their on-going education.
Winners at the local level have the opportunity to participate in Regional and potentially Federation level judging for additional support.
Many recipients have overcome enormous obstacles including poverty, domestic violence, and drug and alcohol abuse.
The award may be used to offset any costs associated with efforts to attain higher education, such as books, childcare and transportation.
Applicants should have demonstrated initiative in identifying problems related to women and girls and trying to solve them and/or educating themselves so as to be able to do so in future.
Successful applicants will provide documentation as to volunteer experience, preferably at the time of the application.
Are you between 14 & 18 years of age?
Soroptimist Peterborough is proud to provide the DREAM IT, BE IT Girls' Career Mentoring program. This program aims to support girls from 14-18 years of age with female role models, career-planning, goal-setting and fun activities to help them step onto their path to vision and achieve their dreams.
Our DREAM IT, BE IT program in Peterborough is held after school at PACE in the old PCVS high school on McDonnel West of George Street. 2018-2019 dates are being planned. It is open to any teen girls in our community. If you would like to participate or would like further information, please contact us.
Watch here for further details.


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There will be complications and uncertainty in your domestic life. Also, earning an income that is sufficient to meet your commitments, will be difficult. This situation will cause you worry and anxiety. During the latter half of the month, there will be expenditures on a happy event or celebration. The assistance of an important or influential person, will help you to achieve success in an important matter.


text:
Running after giving birth
...the first guidelines that discuss returning to running after delivery
Henrike Greaves Author
Giving birth weakens and often injures the pelvic floor. Amongst postnatal runners, musculoskeletal pain, incontinence, abdominal separation and pelvic organ prolapse are prevalent. Running is a high impact sport that increases the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction after giving birth.
These guidelines were the first to focus on how to return to run safely after vaginal and instrumental childbirth. The authors developed assessments to evaluate readiness to return to running and provide guidance on impact management, on how additional factors should be considered, goals and a graded programme to start running.
Individualised assessments and guided pelvic floor rehabilitation can help to prevent and manage pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence and sexual function postnatally. Therefore, health care professionals should screen women for key symptoms and risk factors of pelvic floor and abdominal wall dysfunctions before return to running. Women should follow low impact exercises within the first 3 months postnatally.
Pelvic health assessments
All women should be offered the opportunity to receive a pelvic health assessment postnatally with a specialised physiotherapist and should not return to running prior to 3-6 months.
Low impact exercises and strength testing
Pelvic floor and musculoskeletal physiotherapists should work together to evaluate the ability to return to running postnatally. They should assess on the side of caution and combine time-based criteria with signs, tests and recognised risk factors that are outlined in these guidelines. Postnatal mothers need to receive a series of low impact exercises and extensive strength testing, which are outlined in the guidelines before considering to return to running.
Individualised rehabilitation programme
The authors discuss how further factors such as breathing, psychological status, breastfeeding, et cetera. should be taken into consideration. Prescribed rehabilitation needs to vary depending on individual presentations and needs.
How to return to running?
Women should return to running in a graded approach following adequate postnatal pelvic floor and abdominal muscle recovery. It is a process of balancing risk and reward for each woman. It is sensible to start with 1 to 2 minutes running at an easy pace and to use return to running programmes, such as the NHS "Couch to 5K". For running training progression, women should focus on training volume (e.g., running distance and/ or time) before increasing training intensity. For more challenging performance, it might be helpful to work with a local running coach. Unfortunately, the research about how to return to running postnatally is still limited.
Running with a stroller
If a women decides to run with her baby in a stroller, the safety of the child needs to be ensured and the stroller needs to be designed for this function. The research on the physical, physiological and biomechanical differences of running with a stroller postnatally are still limited and variable. It is believed that running with a stroller might lead to minor changes in trunk, pelvis and hip movement and gluteal strengthening exercises and additional stetch exercises should be included to address these differences. Women should be aware that energy costs might be increased when running with a stroller.
> From: Donnelly, Br J Sports Med 54 (2020) 1114-1115 . All rights reserved to The Author(s). Click here for the online summary.
Want to read deeper into this topic? You can find the free full text version here!
Besides the full text, the authors of this guideline also wrote an interesting blog post for the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
The authors developed these guidelines based on critically appraised evidence from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, alongside extensive clinical expertise. The guidelines are practically oriented and will help health care professionals as well as women who want to return to running after childbirth to archieve this goal.
The authors did not give any explanation of how they developed the guidelines, and the guidelines themselves were not published in a peer-reviewed article. Nevertheless, it should be taken into account that these guidelines have been featured several times by institutions such as the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Moreover, a infographic based on these guidelines was published in the British Journal for Sports Medicine.
Regularly exercising women: problems with childbirth? - Marc Schmitz - 02/01/2015
Exercise in women with gestational diabetes mellitus - The Australian Physiotherapy Association - 24/03/2017
Pregnant women's attitudes to physical activity - The Australian Physiotherapy Association - 09/02/2018


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PRENOTA SESSIONE
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Grace and peace to you during this Christmas season!
Christmas comes with beautiful traditions like candlelight Christmas Eve services. For me, there is a moment when the candles are lit around the room and everyone gathered is singing the third verse of "Silent Night, Holy Night" that I get teary-eyed reflecting on the birth of the baby who changed everything.
Unto us He was born, which is why we sing…because He is the true reason for the season.
As I write this letter, I'm wearing my favorite Christmas tie, given to me as a gift, which at first glance looks like a red and white peppermint stick. Upon further examination, it repeats over 20 times in green "Jesus is the reason for the season." I wear this tie because I believe it, that Jesus IS the reason for not only this season but every season.
2018 has been a year of much joy and sadness, victories and setbacks. Some will weep over loved ones they've lost in previous months or years. Some of God's beloved will be homeless seeking shelter from the cold. Some will drop coins in Salvation Army baskets with the heavy reminder that there are many children in Indiana and around the world who go to bed hungry each night.
My prayer is that we will worship the living God this season who comes to us as Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, and Prince of Peace. May we worship God our Creator and Christ Emmanuel, "God with us", as we travel and as we work, as we wrap gifts and sing carols.
May our cups overflow with kindness in our speech this Christmas, and may our prayers have a global reach so that all across the world people will experience Jesus as the true reason for the season.
Have a blessed Christmas and a joyous new year!


Gulf Coast High School coach Alan Scott has been selected the 2018 Florida Dairy Farmers Class 4A Boys Soccer Coach of the Year. The award is voted on by statewide media.
Scott led the Sharks to the 4A state championship this season. It was the second time Scott, a Gulf Coast alum, has led the team to the title. Gulf Coast also won state in 2013.
No other soccer program in Collier County, boys or girls, has won a state championship.
Scott is one of five class coach of the year winners. Those five will be voted on by the media for the overall Florida Dairy Farmers Boys Soccer Coach of the Year award.
"It's a testament to our coaching staff and all the hard work we put in," Scott said. "I owe it to my guys. They should name it the team award because my boys really did make me look good."
After graduating from Gulf Coast in 2006, Scott took over the boys soccer team in 2008 when he was just 20 years old. He led the Sharks to the program's first regional victory in 2011.
Gulf Coast went 19-6-3 this season but went 13-0-1 over the final month, including winning their final 11 games en route to the state title.
In 10 seasons under Scott, Gulf Coast has a record of 130-85-50. The Sharks are 105-28-29 the past seven seasons with two state titles and a state runner-up finish (2016).
Scott easily earned the 4A Coach of the Year vote. He finished with 86 points to beat out second-place coach Ian Levine of Neptune Beach-Fletcher with 46 points. The Sharks beat Fletcher 2-1 in overtime in the state finals.


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The Tilley Bracket
By Amy Davidson Sorkin
If President Obama can make a show of putting together his brackets for the N.C.A.A. basketball tournament, then so can New Yorker writers and editors. Unlike him, we can do so without making jokes about swing states (picking Ohio State over Georgia Tech: "I'm not biased. I'm not trying to win electoral votes in Ohio") or the legislative process (Kansas State coach Frank Martin: "I could send him up to Congress to get them to vote for health care"). He filled in his bracket for ESPN, which in this respect, as it sometimes does, plays the same role for the Obama Administration as Fox News did for the previous one. When it came to Kansas, ESPN pointed out that Kathleen Sebelius, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, was the former governor of the state. Sebelius, Obama said, was "a maniac when it comes to the Jayhawks," and he was picking Kansas because "I want her to be happy when she's working on this important issue"—health-care reform, that is, not filling out her brackets.
But enough about politicians. It's time to bring the spirit of Eustace Tilley into the tournament (holding both a basketball and a monocle is easier than it looks). This year, David Remnick, The New Yorker's editor, has filled out his bracket. (See below.) So has Steve Coll, who explains some of his statistical methodology over at Think Tank, and Jon Michaud, who may or may not run any betting pool that The New Yorker may or may not have, and who defends his picks at Back Issues. There's also staff writers Lauren Collins, Nick Paumgarten, Ben McGrath, and James Surowiecki (who has more at The Balance Sheet); Goings On About Town editor Ben Greenman (who has more at the Goings On blog); and public-relations director Alexa Cassanos. My bracket is in there, too.
New Yorker N.C.A.A. Brackets
Amy Davidson Sorkin has been a staff writer at The New Yorker since 2014. She has been at the magazine since 1995, and, as a senior editor for many years, focussed on national security, international reporting, and features.
More:Barack ObamaESPNEustace TilleyN.C.A.A.
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text:
Ban on texting while driving, elderly vision tests are closer to becoming state law
Nancy Reardon
It took nearly four months, but state lawmakers have agreed on a so-called "safe driving bill" that bans texting behind the wheel and requires more testing for older drivers.
It took nearly four months, but lawmakers have agreed on a so-called "safe-driving bill" that would ban texting behind the wheel and require more testing for older drivers.
The bill includes two age-specific requirements: Drivers younger than 18 cannot use a cell phone and drivers 75 and older must pass a vision test every five years.
Lawmakers rejected requiring hands-free devices because they didn't believe using the devices would improve safety.
"Study after study has shown it's not the holding of the phone that's the problem. It's the distraction" of talking, said state Sen. Steven Baddour, D-Methuen, co-chairman of the Transportation Committee. Throughout the debate this year, lawmakers have argued over whether there's a difference between talking on a cell phone and talking to another passenger.
Senate and House negotiators have been working on the final bill since the first week of March. They had to hammer out differences – including the use of hand-held devices and testing for older drivers – between Senate and House versions passed in late winter.
State Sen. Robert Hedlund, R-Weymouth, one of the negotiators on the Transportation Committee, said Tuesday he believed the "time was well worth it."
Hedlund, a motorcyclist, said the no-texting rule would help drivers focus.
The bill does not include language allowing police to check cell phones for evidence of texting when they pull someone over, Transportation Committee members said. But after an accident, they said, cell phone records could be subpoenaed.
The House may vote on the bill this week. It will then go to the Senate and then to Gov. Deval Patrick to be signed into law.
Nancy Reardon may be reached at nreardon@ledger.com.


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Home » Movies » Four New Photos Highlight ANT-MAN AND THE WASP's Villain, Ghost
Four New Photos Highlight ANT-MAN AND THE WASP's Villain, Ghost
Posted by Erin Lynch | Jun 21, 2018 | Marvel, Movies | 0
One of the more intriguing aspects of Ant-Man and The Wasp is it's villain. We don't know all that much about her but what we do know is that she's going to make life really hard for Scott Lang (Paul Rudd) and Hope van Dyne (Evangeline Lilly). We have 4 new photos, thanks to Marvel, one of which is a behind the scenes shot. The photos highlight this mysterious figure and gives us at least some answers.
One of the images tells us a lot! And now that we've seen it, we know that Ghost (Hannah John-Kamen) wants Pym's lab. Currently in it's shrunken size, as seen in the first trailer, the photo shows her fighting for possession of it over van Dyne. We have no indication as to why she wants it, but if I may stick out my nose a bit, I believe it has to do with Hank Pym's (Michael Douglas) research on the Quantum Realm.
RELATED: New ANT-MAN AND THE WASP Promos Show What Scott's Been Up To
Producer Stephen Broussard spoke to Comicbook.com about Ghost, citing that the character was so much fun to work with.
We thought that was a cool opportunity to create a character that was all about mystery and kind of, 'What are the origins? and 'What is the backstory? What is the goals and agendas of this person?' It was a great vehicle for the kind of the story you wanted to tell because Ghost in the comics itself was a mystery. So she's very different from what has come before in the comics but in ways that kind of…Suffice it to say that she is on a path and she is on a mission at odds with our heroes on this journey but of a similar goal, of a similar aim, at the worst possible time for Scott Lang.
He also noted that the suit is comic book accurate, specifically wanting to include the hood. Because when you think of Ghost, you think of the hood. And he added John-Kamen was really, really bada** in the role. So, we can't help but keep our hopes up for a good villain.
One of the things that Marvel has struggled with is it's villains. The heroes are heroic but flawed, whereas the villains have been there as their punching bag. With notable exception to Loki and now Thanos, the villains don't have motivations that make us care. With Ghost, I'm really hoping that she's more than just a phasing, mysterious and cool figure. We need depth to her. I want to care about why she's trying to steal Pym tech. I also wanna know if she's found Janet van Dyne (Michelle Pfeiffer) cause I can't wait to see her.
Check out the pictures below and let us know what you think! Be sure to come back to Geek Girl Authority for more Marvel news. Ant-Man and The Wasp flies into theaters July 6th, 2018.
Film Frame/©Marvel Studios 2018
Ben Rothstein/©Marvel Studios 2018
Erin Lynch
Contributor at Geek Girl Authority
Cat mom, panda enthusiast, and Batman lover living in a galaxy far, far away...
Latest posts by Erin Lynch (see all)
Toss a Coin to These Fabulous WITCHER Covers - January 10, 2020
It's Harley vs Gotham in BIRDS OF PREY Second Trailer - January 9, 2020
9 Times Batman and Catwoman's Love Was Honest and Heart Wrenching - January 8, 2020
PreviousLucasfilm Squashes Story! STAR WARS Spinoff Films Still In Production
NextFALLOUT 76 Reclamation Day at E3 2018: The Power of Experience


It struck me today why National couldn't pull enough vote to stay in government because they can't articulate a clear position.
To pay for the package, the government scrapped the National government's promised tax cuts, but National's finance spokesperson Amy Adams said that would have helped more people than the families package.
"National's philosophy is people who work hard should get to keep more of their money.
"It shouldn't be taken off of them by government, filtered out to a few and pay a whole lot of extra tax that the economy doesn't need imposed on it," she said.
No problem with the first part.
But then she says the money Labour takes will be "filtered out to a few".
My understanding was that is exactly National's position. They were targeting their spending - call it social investment if you like - whereas Labour sprays money universally so as to avoid any stigmatisation of the 'beneficiary' and to buy votes.
The controversial heating payment to all pensioners regardless of income could hardly be described as "filtered out to the few". Neither can the $3,120 a year for babies born as of today in families with incomes below $79,000.
If National had been clearer about what they were doing to help needy and dysfunctional families, more on the centre-left could have been persuaded. It makes no sense to churn vast amounts of tax. It makes no sense to take money off someone only to give it back. All that does is keep an army of IRD workers employed (who are currently agitating for higher wages which will add even more to the dead-weight of taxation).
UPDATE: The $3.120 payment is universal for the first year.


Students will conceptualize, generate, develop, and organize artistic ideas and work. They will complete and refine dance works (Standards 5.D.CR.1–5).
Demonstrate willingness to try new ideas, methods, and approaches when creating dance.
Use a variety of stimuli and solve multiple movement problems to develop choreographic content.
Develop a dance study, creating original movement that expresses and communicates a main idea.
Explore feedback from others to expand choreographic possibilities for a short dance study that communicates artistic intent, and explain the changes made.
Students will analyze, interpret, and select artistic work for performance. They will develop techniques and concepts to refine artistic work and express meaning through the presentation of dance works (Standards 5.D.P.1–10).
Establish spatial relationships with other dancers while safely using levels, directions, focus, and pathway designs in near-, mid-, and farrange movement.
Integrate still and moving shapes and floor and air pathways into dance sequences.
Develop self-awareness and apply safe movement principles and practices and discuss how these practices promote strength, flexibility, endurance, and injury prevention.
Recall and execute a series of dance phrases using fundamental dance skills.
Differentiate and perform movement with metric and irregular phrasing and accents; respond to tempo changes as they occur in dance and music.
Analyze, refine and perform movement phrases using contrasting energy and dynamic changes.
Collaborate with peer ensemble members to repeat sequences, synchronize actions, and refine spatial relationships to improve performance quality.
Apply feedback from self and others to establish personal performance goals.
Use performance etiquette and practices during class, rehearsal, and in formal and informal performance spaces.
Identify, explore, and select production elements to heighten and intensify the artistic intent of a dance and that are adaptable for various performance spaces.
Students will perceive and analyze artistic work and process. They will interpret intent and meaning and apply criteria to evaluate artistic work and process (Standards 5.D.R.1–2).
Use basic dance terminology to describe patterns of movement that create a style or theme.
Define the characteristics that make a dance artistic and meaningful; talk about why these characteristics were chosen, and apply those criteria to dances observed or preformed in a specific genre, style, or cultural movement practice.
Students will synthesize and relate knowledge from personal and collaborative experience to make and receive art. They will relate artistic ideas and works with societal, cultural and historical context to deepen understanding (Standards 5.D.CO.1–3).
Compare and contrast two dances with different themes, discuss feelings and ideas evoked by each, and relate to personal experience.
Select a topic of study in school and research how other art forms have expressed the topic, then create a dance study that expresses the idea.
Describe how the movement characteristics and qualities of a dance in a specific genre or style communicate the ideas and perspectives of the culture, historical period, or community from which the genre or style originated.
Students will conceptualize, generate, develop, and organize artistic ideas and work. They will complete and refine drama works (Standards 5.T.CR.1–7).
Write or record simple dramas that include the five Ws of who, what, where, when, and why.
Create character through physical movement, gesture, sound and/or speech and facial expression with age-appropriate outcomes.
Recognize that participating in the rehearsal process is necessary to refine and revise.
Students will analyze, interpret, and select artistic work for performance. They will develop techniques and concepts to refine artistic work, and express meaning through the presentation of dramatic works (Standards 5.T.P.1–9).
Analyze the character, setting, and essential events (plot) in a story that make up the dramatic structure and use choices to enhance the story in a drama/theatre work.
Students will perceive and analyze artistic work and process. They will interpret intent and meaning, and apply criteria to evaluate artistic work and process (Standards 5.T.R.1–6).
Articulate and justifying criteria to evaluate what is seen, heard, and understood in classroom dramatizations and dramatic performances.
Students will synthesize and relate knowledge from personal and collaborative experience to make and receive art. They will relate artistic ideas and works with societal, cultural, and historical context to deepen understanding (Standards 5.T.CO.1–3).
Read plays and stories from a variety of cultures and historical periods and identify the characters, setting, plot, theme, and conflict to better understand performance and design choices.
Students will conceptualize, generate and organize artistic ideas and work. They will complete and refine musical works (Standards 5.M.CR.1–7).
Improvise rhythmic and melodic patterns and musical ideas.
Explain the connection to specific purpose and context.
Generate musical ideas using specific tonalities, meters and simple chord changes.
Select and demonstrate developed musical ideas for improvisations, arrangements, or compositions, and explain intent and connection to purpose and context.
Organize personal musical ideas using iconic notation or recordings to combine and/or sequence personal rhythmic, melodic and harmonic ideas.
Evaluate and refine work, applying teacher-provided criteria and collaboratively developed guidelines.
Present the final version of created music and explain expressive intent.
Students will analyze, interpret, and select artistic work for performance. They will develop techniques and concepts to refine artistic work, and express meaning through the presentation of musical works (Standards 5.M.P.1–11).
Explain how the selection of performance music is influenced by personal interest, purpose, context, knowledge, and skills.
Explore and demonstrate possible interpretations of a piece by varying tempo, dynamics, timbre, articulations and/or phrasing.
Respond to visual representations of melodic patterns using pentatonic and diatonic scales.
Perform two- and three-part rounds, partner songs, descants, and layered ostinatos.
Perform and identify rhythm patterns in two-, three-, and four-beat meters using body percussion, voice, and simple instruments.
Respond with body percussion, voice, or simple instruments to visual representations of rhythm patterns.
Perform music with expression, technical accuracy, and appropriate interpretation; watch and respond to the conductor to perform dynamics, style and phrasing, and start, stop, and stay together; and demonstrate performance decorum.
Students will perceive and analyze artistic work and process. They will interpret intent and meaning, and apply criteria to evaluate artistic work and process (Standards 5.M.R.1–9).
Listen for and identify form, meter, rhythm, timbre, mood, tempo, melody, texture, and harmony/tonality.
Identify possible intent of a music selection, and the elements used to convey it.
Describe, verbally or in writing, the reason for selecting certain music to listen to or perform, including reference to music elements, skills, purpose, cultural, or historical connections.
Students will synthesize and relate knowledge from personal and collaborative experience to make and receive art. They will relate artistic ideas and works with societal, cultural, and historical context to deepen understanding (Standards 5.M.CO.1–5).
Draw upon interests, knowledge, and skills developed to inspire and inform the creating, performance, and appreciation of music.
Deepen understanding of another content area through music.
Experience and explore music which connects us to history, culture, heritage, and community.
Identify connections between a music genre and cultural or historical contexts.
Students will generate artistic work by conceptualizing, organizing, and completing their artistic ideas. They will refine original work through persistence, reflection and evaluation (Standards 5.V.C.1–3).
Experiment with and develop skills in multiple art-making techniques and approaches through practice.
Create artistic statements using art vocabulary to describe personal choices in art-making.
Students will analyze, interpret, refine, and select artistic work for presentation. They will convey meaning in the manner in which the art is presented (Standards 5.V.P.1–3).
Define the roles and responsibilities of a curator, and explain the skills and knowledge needed in preserving, maintaining, and presenting objects, artifacts, and artwork.
Develop a logical argument for safe and effective use of materials and techniques for preparing and presenting artwork.
Cite evidence about how an exhibition in a museum or other venue presents ideas and provides information about a specific concept or topic.
Students will understand, evaluate, and articulate how works of art convey meaning for the observer as well as the creator (Standards 5.V.R.1–2).
Compare one's own interpretation of a work of art with the interpretation of others, and identify and analyze cultural associations suggested by visual imagery.
Identify and analyze cultural associations suggested by visual imagery.
Students will relate artistic skills, ideas, and work with personal meaning and external context (Standards 5.V.CO.1–2).
Apply formal and conceptual vocabularies of art and design to view surroundings in new ways through art-making.
Identify how art is used to inform or change beliefs, values, or behaviors of an individual or society.


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Istok (alb. Istogu) je gradić u sjeverozapadnom dijelu Kosova.

Općina Istok se u novijim albanskim izvorima javlja i kao Burim.

Općine na Kosovu

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