text:
Sexual Activity, Orgasm and Tampon Use Are May Confer Protection Against Endometriosis
Women's Health, Women's Reproductive Health / By femalecare
Retrograde menstruation is widely accepted as playing a role in the etiology of endometriosis. Research has demonstrated the phenomenon of menstrual fluid backward flux, the viability of endometrial tissue in menstrual discharge, and the presence of endometrial tissue in peritoneal fluid found in the pelvic cavity. There is ample epidemiological evidence as well. Endometriosis is primarily seen among women of reproductive age. In addition, there is a higher incidence of endometriosis among women with prolonged menstruation, shorter cycles, or obstructed genital outflow tracts. The identification of factors that obstruct menstrual outflow or facilitate menstrual reflux would be worthwhile, since these factors may increase the amount of endometrial 'seeding' which occurs during menses. Olive and Henderson found that cervical obstruction increases the likelihood of endometriosis by increasing the menstrual debris available to the pelvic cavity. There are few studies which address the possible relationship between sexual behavior during menstruation and endometriosis. Filer and Wu sought to determine if coital habits during menses are associated with increased risk for endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. While no association with pelvic inflammatory disease was revealed, they found that infertility patients who frequently or occasionally engaged in coitus during menstruation were almost twice as likely to have endometriosis than those who did not report coital behavior during menses. Filer and Wu proposed that this difference may be due to increased intrauterine pressure during orgasm, which assists in the transport of endometrial debris to an ectopic site. Darrow et al performed a study focusing on the belief that women with endometriosis typically delay childbirth. It was thought that orgasm and sexual penetration during menstruation may be contributing factors. In contrast to Filer and Wu, Darrow et al found no association between these factors and endometriosis.
The goal of the current study was to further investigate sexual behaviors and hygienic practices performed during menstruation as they relate to the development of endometriosis.
Specifically, the frequencies of sexual activity and orgasm during menstruation, tampon use, and douching, were measured to determine if these variables are associated with an increased risk for the development of endometriosis.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine if sexual behaviors, orgasm, tampon use, and douching during menstruation modify the risk of endometriosis.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Subjects (n = 2,012) consisted of members of the Endometriosis Association and friends not affiliated with the organization who completed mailed surveys. Data were analyzed using ¯2, Fisher's exact test, t test, and regression analyses.
Results: There was no difference between study groups concerning douching practices. However, cases were less likely than controls to report sometimes or often engaging in sexual behaviors during menstruation (p = 0.002, OR = 1.5), and sexual behaviors during menstruation that included orgasm (p = 0.001, OR = 1.5). Cases were also less likely than controls to report using only tampons (p ! 0.0001, OR = 2.6).
Conclusion: Sexual activity, orgasm, and tampon use during menstruation may confer protection against endometriosis.
A retrospective case-control study design was used. Cases were obtained from the Endometriosis Association based in Milwaukee, Wisc. This association possesses an international list of members who received mailed surveys included in the bimonthly newsletter. Surveys, which were anonymous, were mailed to 9,135 members. Controls were recruited in two ways. First, not all members of the Endometriosis Association have endometriosis. Members also consist of doctors and other individuals with an interest in endometriosis. These members responding to the survey were designated as controls. Second, members were provided with a second survey to give to a female friend of similar age who, to their knowledge, did not have endometriosis. Members were also instructed not to give the survey to a relative. The majority of controls consist of this second group. The study was performed with the approval of the Human Investigation Committee at Yale University.
Two survey forms were designed. Both forms included questions related to endometriosis history, menstrual history, sexual history, medical history, exercise history, smoking history, and religious, educational, and ethnic background. However, the introductory paragraphs differed. A red form was created for association members which provided information regarding the purpose of the survey, how to complete and return the survey, and what should be done with the second form. An orange form was created for friends of association members who do not have endometriosis. This form also covered the purpose of the study and instructions for completion and return of the survey.
The survey was pilot tested before use. Individuals completing surveys for this purpose were informed that surveys should not be returned. Information regarding the time taken to complete the survey and clarity of the questions was obtained and utilized to generate the final versions used in the study.
Surveys were printed on forms that could be computer-scanned (National Computer Systems, Columbia, Pa.). The returned forms were processed using an Opscan-5, ink-read scanner programmed using Windows-based Scan Tools software (National Computer Systems).
Data Analysis Procedures
Three study groups were anticipated. These were association members with endometriosis (cases), association members who do not have endometriosis (controls) and 'friend controls' who do not have endometriosis (controls). An unexpected, 4th study group was also formed as a result of conducting the survey. These participants were friends of association members who had a history of endometriosis (cases). The ideal means for handling this group, as well as association members never diagnosed with endometriosis, would have been to omit the matched pairs which include these individuals.
However, this was not possible for the current study since surveys were returned individually. Thus, although both groups were made up of a mixture of association members and non-members, the case and control groups were combined since all respondents answered all the study questions. Fisher's exact, t test, and logistic regression analyses were used. Statistical significance was determined if p ! 0.05. Family history, period length, cycle length, mean number of pregnancies, and those variables which could be analyzed with reference to the time period before diagnosis with endometriosis were included in the regression analysis. These other variables were history of heavy periods, IUD use, use of OCs, estrogen replacement therapy, surgery involving the fallopian tubes, hysterectomy, and smoking.
A total of 2,033 surveys were received for a response rate of approximately 22%. Of these, 21 were not included because participants did not indicate whether they have a history of endometriosis, or they did not report the age of menarche. The final total of usable surveys was 2,012.
There were 1,517 cases consisting of 1,450 (95.6%) association members, and 67 (4.4%) non-members. There were 495 controls consisting of 16 (3.2%) associationmembers and 479 (96.8%) non-members.
Sociodemographic Analysis
Cases and controls were well-matched on sociodemographic variables, as shown in table 1. Statistical analyses showed that cases and controls were not significantly dif ferent with regard to age, religious preference, highest educational level attained, and ethnic background.
Menstrual History.
As shown in table 2 the mean age of menarche among cases was 12.4 B 1.6 years, and 12.6 B 1.4 years among controls. This difference was not found to be significant.
Further, it was determined that only 4 individuals in the case group (0.3%) indicated that menarche occurred after endometriosis was diagnosed.
Controls were more likely to report having periods lasting 6 days or less compared to cases. And cases (19.3%) were more likely to report having periods that were 7 days or more compared to controls (11.5%). Cases were also more likely to report having irregular period lengths or not having a period in the last year compared to controls.
These differences were found to be significant (p = 0.001).
A greater proportion of cases reported having cycles that were less than 24 days or irregular compared to controls. In contrast, the frequencies of cases reporting cycle lengths of 24-28, 29-32, or greater 132 days were less than among controls. Differences on reporting of cycle length were shown to be significant (p = 0.003).
Neither cases nor controls were significantly more likely to report having a history of less frequent periods or periods that stopped. However, when only cases who experienced stopped or less frequent periods before diagnosis were counted, controls (35.9%) were more likely to report this experience than cases (24.5%, p ! 0.0001). Of those who reported having such experiences, there were no significant differences in the length of time these experiences occurred, but the mean age when these experiences first occurred was lower for cases than controls (p = 0.02).
Cases were significantly more likely to report ever having periods that were heavier than usual (p ! 0.0001).
Cases were also more likely to have experienced heavier periods for 1-3, 4-6, or 16 years, while controls were more likely to have experienced heavier periods for !1 year (p ! 0.0001). The mean age at which cases first experienced heavier periods (24.6 B 8.2 years) was earlier than among controls, whose mean age was 28.2 B 9.9 years (p ! 0.0001).
Is the Frequency of Sexual Activity Associated with
Endometriosis?
As can be seen in table 3, there was no difference in reporting among cases and controls when asked if they had ever engaged in sexual activity during menstruation.
However, when responses to questions regarding specific sexual behaviors during menstruation were combined (i.e., sexual intercourse, masturbation, and 'any other sexual activity'), significant differences in reporting were revealed (p = 0.002). Cases (26.5%) were less likely to report sometimes or often engaging in sexual behavior during menses compared to controls (34.6%).
Since there were several variables which were significantly related to endometriosis, logistic regression analyses were also performed to control for these variables.
Family history, period length, cycle length, mean number of pregnancies, and those variables which could be analyzed with reference to the time period before diagnosis with endometriosis were included. These other variables were history of heavy periods, IUD use, use of OCs, estrogen replacement therapy, surgery involving the fallopian tubes, hysterectomy, and smoking. Data concerning the mean number of children were not included because it is highly correlated with the mean number of pregnancies (r = 0.76). In addition, requesting the number of children does not include children that may have expired before the time the survey was completed.
Logistic regression analyses concerning sexual behaviors performed during menstruation were consistent with the results reported above. Never and rarely engaging in various sexual behaviors was positively associated with being a case, and negatively associated with being a control (odds ratio = 1.5, CI = 1.2-1.9). Thus, never or rarely engaging in sexual activities during menses is associated with an increased risk for endometriosis.
Is the Frequency of Orgasm during Menses Associated with Endometriosis?
When responses to questions regarding specific sexual behaviors during menstruation that included orgasm were combined (i.e., sexual intercourse, masturbation, 'any other sexual activity', and orgasm achieved 'in any other way'), significant differences in reporting were revealed (p = 0.001; table 4). Cases (23.0%) were less likely to report sometimes or often engaging in sexual behavior that included orgasm compared to controls (31.3%).
Logistic regression analyses were also performed as described above. Never and rarely engaging in various sexual behaviors that include orgasm was positively associated with being a case, and negatively associated with being a control. This finding remained significant as in the univariate analysis (odds ratio = 1.5, CI = 1.2-2.0).
Thus, never or rarely engaging in sexual activities thatinclude orgasm during menstruation is perhaps associated with an increased risk for endometriosis.
Is Tampon Use Associated with Endometriosis?
Significant differences in tampon use were reported between cases and controls (table 5). Cases (31.3%) were more likely to report using only pads compared to controls (22.1%). Cases (11.6%) were less likely to report using only tampons compared to controls (20.9%). Only 1 of the participants reported not using pads or tampons, and approximately the same proportion of cases (57.0%) and controls (57.1%) indicated use of both pads and tampons.
Logistic regression analyses showed statistical significance.
Pad use was positively associated with being a case, and tampon use was negatively associated with being a case (odds ratio = 2.6, CI = 1.9-3.5). Thus, women who used only pads had a greater than twofold likelihood of having endometriosis.
Is Douching Associated with Endometriosis?
The majority of cases and controls never douche. No significant differences were revealed between cases and controls regarding douching during menstruation, when not menstruating, or both (table 6).
This investigation was designed to examine sexual activity and hygienic practices during menstruation and their relationship to the development of endometriosis.
As retrograde menstruation is currently believed to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of this condition, it was hypothesized that tampon use, douching and sexual activity (especially with orgasm) at the time of menstruation would serve to enhance retrograde flow and heighten the chances of developing endometriosis.
A response rate of 22% was seen with this survey. Although this appears to be a relatively low rate of response, this figure is in line with that seen in single solicitation mail surveys. Fowler noted that without follow-up, a response rate of less than 30% can be expected for such instruments. Since follow-up was not possible for this study, an estimate of at least 1,000 returned surveys (approximately 10%) was expected. Admittedly, response bias is of concern when less than one quarter of those queried respond. No data were obtained from those not responding to determine if those returning their questionnaires represented a skewed sample. In addition, we were not in a position to assess the presence or absence of either remote or active endometriosis. We depended on the patient's own knowledge and assessment of her own health status. However, it must be emphasized that this study was not an experimental trial designed to test for a causal relationship. Rather, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the plausibility of several theoretical, but entirely untested hypotheses. To this end we have succeeded, as multiple hypotheses emerged as both plausible and worthy of further investigation. Interestingly, the findings that were obtained ran counter to those concepts that had caused us to initiate the study.
To our surprise, sexual behavior, orgasm and tampon use during menstruation were found to be less frequent among women with endometriosis compared to controls.
This remained true even after correcting for confounding variables via logistic regression. The reasons for these results remain speculative.
One possible explanation for the findings might lie in the limitations of the survey instrument. It is possible that the correlations found were due to another confounder not included in the questionnaire. For example, the survey did not include any questions regarding history of dyspareunia. It is entirely possible that painful intercourse at the time of menses dissuaded women with endometriosis from this practice. However, the survey attempted to deal with this issue by not querying current practices but rather practices from throughout the patient's experience during reproductive age. Unless such unasked confounders began at or around menarche, it is unlikely that they would represent the sole basis for our results.
If, however, there is a protective effect associated with sexual activities performed during menstruation and tampon use, then how does this effect occur? It may be that sexual intercourse induces more effective menstrual fluid clearance of the vaginal vault, which in turn may facilitate cervical outflow, as suggested in a study by Cutler et al. Further, the use of tampons may be more efficient at the removal of menstrual fluid compared to the use of pads. Orgasm during menses may also have the effect of increasing cervical outflow, rather than enhancing retrograde flow. Studies have shown that uterine contractility varies throughout the menstrual cycle. Research focusing on the measurement of intrauterine pressure during the menstrual cycle has shown that there are small, frequent, nonpropagated myometrial contractions from the end of menstruation to the mid-secretory phase. These gradually change from nonpropagated to propagated contractions from the midsecretory phase to the beginning of menstruation, and predominantly propagated contractions during menses. This work also found that the direction of propagation during menses varies. It is possible for contractions to go up, down, or start in the midcorpus area and progress in each direction. In addition, tubal contractions have been found to be most active during the menses phase of the menstrual cycle, as well as during ovulation. Recently a study looking specifically at subendometrial contractility during menses in patients with and without endometriosis, showed that the patients with endometriosis had a retrograde pattern of contractility versus the antegrade pattern seen in the patients without endometriosis. Still, due to the variations in frequency and direction of muscle contractions in the uterus and fallopian tubes, one cannot be certain without further study what the nature of myometrial activity is when menses and orgasm are experienced concurrently.
An interesting side issue resulting from these findings involves the current controversy relating dioxin to endometriosis. Tampons contained dioxin and dioxin-like toxicants until the mid 1980s. It has recently been alleged that this exposure may well have led to an increase in the rate of endometriosis development. There is, however, no evidence to date that tampons have been a factor in the pathogenesis of this disease, and even the relationship between dioxin and endometriosis in humans remains unsubstantiated. In any event, the results of this study appear to contradict this theory: not only was tampon use not more frequent in women with endometriosis, in fact tampon use appeared to be significantly less frequent in women with endometriosis. Further study is necessary to determine if the lower use is perhaps in response to the perceived risk for endometriosis patients.
While unconfirmed, the results of this study raise intriguing possibilities for research pursuits evaluating the etiology and epidemiology of endometriosis. Clearly, more work needs to be done – a detailed investigation into the effect of sexual or hygienic activity on the development of endometriosis can now be focused and more tightly controlled. All appropriate confounders should be thoroughly evaluated in future studies, and prospective assessment may even be a possibility. In conclusion, we believe this study has raised interesting issues deserving further investigation.
Erika L. Meaddough, David L. Olive, Peggy Gallup, Michael Perlin, Harvey J. Kliman (Department of Public Health, Southern Connecticut State University, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA)


Dubai, UAE; June 24, 2009: Malabar Gold, India's leading jewellery group with a significant presence in India and the Middle East, has unveiled two new designer brands of jewellery Ethnix, and Era at a glittering ceremony held at Atlantis, The Palm Dubai. Malabar Gold also announced opening of their 28th retail outlet to be opened at Lulu Shopping Mall, Qussais, Dubai, as a part of its ambitious AED300 million expansion plans for the Middle East region.
Padma Shri Mohanlal, India's leading actor and the brand ambassador of Malabar Gold, unveiled the two timeless designer collections – Ethnix and ERA.
Ethnix is handcrafted designer jewellery that draws on the ethnic influences from India's rich cultural heritage. These design influences are given new interpretations in 22 k gold necklaces, ear-rings and bangles.
ERA is a fusion of ageless Indian jewellery styles with modern trends. Exquisitely crafted in 22 K, the ERA jewel pieces are studded with uncut diamonds and precious stones offering a truly resplendent appeal to jewellery lovers.
Mr. Rajesh Nair, Brand consultant to Malabar Gold ensures the customers a value for money through these brands.
All outlets of Malabar Gold, including the new showroom in Al Ghusais will showcase the two new trendy brands that celebrate timeless elegance. The new showroom is the fifth Malabar Gold outlet in the Middle East, a growth achieved in less than one year since the company's foray into the region.
Malabar Gold will open their sixth showroom in the UAE in Al Ain in Lulu Hypermarket followed by new outlets at the Al Nada Lulu Hypermarket in August and another Malabar Gold showroom in Al Wahda Mall, Abu Dhabi. In September, the company will mark its presence in the Al Khail Mall in Al Quoz. Malabar Gold also has strong growth plans for Oman, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
The Al Ghusais outlet of Malabar Gold will sport an elegant décor and will be managed by experienced sales professionals. It will feature a wide range of exquisite jewellery designs in gold, diamond, platinum and precious stones with designs from Italy, Singapore, Bahrain and India.


Thank you for your visit to our web site and your interest in POPULAR PHARMACEUTCALS LIMITED.
Thirty – two years ago, we have decided to embark on a long, formidable journey, modestly 'armed' with very few resources while having many hopes and daring dreams. Now Popular is the pioneer in Bangladesh healthcare sector with complete healthcare services – Diagnostic center, Pharmaceuticals manufacturing, Medical college and Hospitals.
Pharmaceutical sector is technologically the most developed manufacturing industries in Bangladesh and the third largest industry in terms of contribution to government's revenue. The Pharmaceuticals market is continuously growing both in domestic and abroad. To grow and prosper, Bangladeshi pharmaceuticals companies will have to re-think the current business models and move to more global, innovation led growth. That is what we are attempting to build here at Popular Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
In the domestic market, we are working towards retaining and growing our position of market leadership in key therapy areas with strong prescription driven sales. We will continue to make considerable investments in technology to strengthen our pipeline of new products for Bangladesh and international markets.
Our international markets for pharmaceutical products now include several emerging country markets in Asia, Africa and Latin America. We expect the international component of our pharmaceutical business to grow significantly in width and depth in the years come.
Looking ahead we are determined to achieve our goal of becoming a force in affordable healthcare solutions. And to do this we will continue to capitalize and build on the unique fundamentals of our values, people and products by encouraging innovation, entrepreneurship and growth.


text:
This document explains the system for documenting [Zulip's REST
API](https://zulip.com/api/rest).

Zulip's API documentation is an essential resource both for users and
for the developers of Zulip's mobile and terminal apps.  Our vision is
for the documentation to be sufficiently good that developers of
Zulip's apps should never need to look at the server's implementation
to answer questions about the API's semantics.

To achieve these goals, Zulip leverages the popular OpenAPI format as
the data source to ensure that Zulip's API documentation is correct
and remains so as Zulip's API evolves.

In particular, the top goal for this system is that all mistakes in
verifiable content (i.e. not the English explanations) should cause
the Zulip test suite to fail.  This is incredibly important, because
once you notice one error in API documentation, you no longer trust it
to be correct, which ends up wasting the time of its users.

Since it's very difficult to not make little mistakes when writing any
code of untested code, the only good solution to this is a way to test
the documentation.  We found dozens of errors in the process of adding
the validation Zulip has today.

Our API documentation is defined by a few sets of files:

* Most data describing API endpoints and examples is stored in our
  [OpenAPI configuration](../documentation/openapi.md) at
  `zerver/openapi/zulip.yaml`.
* The top-level templates live under `templates/zerver/api/*`, and are
  written using the Markdown framework that powers our [user
  docs](../documentation/user.md), with some special extensions for
  rendering nice code blocks and example responses.  We expect to
  eventually remove most of these files where it is possible to
  fully generate the documentation from the OpenAPI files.
* The text for the Python examples comes from a test suite for the
  Python API documentation (`zerver/openapi/python_examples.py`; run via
  `tools/test-api`).  The `generate_code_example` macro will magically
  read content from that test suite and render it as the code example.
  This structure ensures that Zulip's API documentation is robust to a
  wide range of possible typos and other bugs in the API
  documentation.
* The JavaScript examples are similarly generated and tested using
  `zerver/openapi/javascript_examples.js`.
* The cURL examples are generated and tested using
  `zerver/openapi/curl_param_value_generators.py`.
* The REST API index
  (`templates/zerver/help/include/rest-endpoints.md`) in the broader
  /api left sidebar (`templates/zerver/api/sidebar_index.md`).
* We have an extensive set of tests designed to validate that the data
  in this file is correct, `zerver/tests/test_openapi.py` compares
  every endpoint's accepted parameters in `views` code with those
  declared in `zulip.yaml`.  And [backend test
  suite](../testing/testing-with-django.md) and checks that every API
  response served during our extensive backend test suite matches one
  the declared OpenAPI schema for that endpoint.

This first section is focused on explaining how the API documentation
system is put together; when actually documenting an endpoint, you'll
want to also read the [Step by step guide](#step-by-step-guide).

## How it works

To understand how this documentation system works, start by reading an
existing doc file (`templates/zerver/api/render-message.md` is a good
example; accessible live
[here](https://zulip.com/api/render-message) or in the development
environment at `http://localhost:9991/api/render-message`).

We highly recommend looking at those resources while reading this page.

If you look at the documentation for existing endpoints, you'll notice
that a typical endpoint's documentation is divided into four sections:

* The top-level **Description**
* **Usage examples**
* **Arguments**
* **Responses**

The rest of this guide describes how each of these sections works.

### Description

Displayed at the top of any REST endpoint documentation page, this
should explain what the endpoint does in clear English. Include
details on how to use it correctly or what it's good or bad for, with
links to any alternative endpoints the user might want to consider.

These sections should often contain a link to the documentation of the
relevant feature in `/help/`.

### Usage examples

We display usage examples in three languages: Python, JavaScript and
`curl`; we may add more in the future.  Every endpoint should have
Python and `curl` documentation; `JavaScript` is optional as we don't
consider that API library to be fully supported.  The examples are
defined using a special Markdown extension
(`zerver/openapi/markdown_extension.py`).  To use this extension, one
writes a Markdown file block that looks something like this:

```
{start_tabs}
{tab|python}

{generate_code_example(python)|/messages/render:post|example}

{tab|js}
...

{tab|curl}

{generate_code_example(curl)|/messages/render:post|example}

{end_tabs}
```

#### Writing Python examples

For the Python examples, you'll write the example in
`zerver/openapi/python_examples.py`, and it'll be run and verified
automatically in Zulip's automated test suite.  The code there will
look something like this:

``` python
@openapi_test_function('/messages/render:post')
def render_message(client: Client) -> None:
    # {code_example|start}
    # Render a message
    request = {
        'content': '**foo**'
    }
    result = client.render_message(request)
    # {code_example|end}

    validate_against_openapi_schema(result, '/messages/render', 'post', '200')
```

This is an actual Python function which will be run as part of the
`tools/test-api` test suite.  The `validate_against_opanapi_schema`
function will verify that the result of that request is as defined in
the examples in `zerver/openapi/zulip.yaml`.

To run as part of the testsuite, the `render_message` function needs
to be called from `test_messages` (or one of the other functions at
the bottom of the file).  The final function, `test_the_api`, is what
actually runs the tests.  Tests with the `openapi_test_function`
decorator that are not called will fail tests, as will new endpoints
that are not covered by an `openapi_test_function`-decorated test.

You will still want to manually test the example using Zulip's Python
API client by copy-pasting from the website; it's easy to make typos
and other mistakes where variables are defined outside the tested
block, and the tests are not foolproof.

The code that renders `/api` pages will extract the block between the
`# {code_example|start}` and `# {code_example|end}` comments, and
substitute it in place of
`{generate_code_example(python)|/messages/render:post|example}`
wherever that string appears in the API documentation.

### Parameters

We have a separate Markdown extension to document the parameters that
an API endpoint supports.  You'll see this in files like
`templates/zerver/api/render-message.md` via the following Markdown
directive (implemented in
`zerver/lib/markdown/api_arguments_table_generator.py`):

```
{generate_api_arguments_table|zulip.yaml|/messages/render:post}
```

Just as in the usage examples, the `/messages/render` key must match a
URL definition in `zerver/openapi/zulip.yaml`, and that URL definition
must have a `post` HTTP method defined.

### Displaying example payloads/responses

If you've already followed the steps in the [Usage examples](#usage-examples)
section, this part should be fairly trivial.

You can use the following Markdown directive to render the fixtures
defined in the OpenAPI `zulip.yaml` for a given endpoint and status
code:

```
{generate_code_example|/messages/render:post|fixture(200)}
```

## Step by step guide

This section offers a step-by-step process for adding documentation
for a new API endpoint.  It assumes you've read and understood the
above.

1. Start by adding [OpenAPI format](../documentation/openapi.md)
   data to `zerver/openapi/zulip.yaml` for the endpoint.  If you
   copy-paste (which is helpful to get the indentation structure
   right), be sure to update all the content that you copied to
   correctly describe your endpoint!

   In order to do this, you need to figure out how the endpoint in
   question works by reading the code!  To understand how arguments
   are specified in Zulip backend endpoints, read our [REST API
   tutorial][rest-api-tutorial], paying special attention to the
   details of `REQ` and `has_request_variables`.

   Once you understand that, the best way to determine the supported
   arguments for an API endpoint is to find the corresponding URL
   pattern in `zprojects/urls.py`, look up the backend function for
   that endpoint in `zerver/views/`, and inspect its arguments
   declared using `REQ`.

   You can check your formatting using these helpful tools.
   * `tools/check-openapi` will verify the syntax of `zerver/openapi/zulip.yaml`.
   * `tools/test-backend zerver/tests/test_openapi.py`; this test compares
      your documentation against the code and can find many common
      mistakes in how arguments are declared.
   * `test-backend`: The full Zulip backend test suite will fail if
     any actual API responses generated by the tests don't match your
     defined OpenAPI schema.  Use `test-backend --rerun` for a fast
     edit/refresh cycle when debugging.

   [rest-api-tutorial]: ../tutorials/writing-views.html#writing-api-rest-endpoints

1. Add a function for the endpoint you'd like to document to
   `zerver/openapi/python_examples.py`, decorated with
   `@openapi_test_function`. `render_message` is a good example to
   follow.  There are generally two key pieces to your test: (1) doing
   an API query and (2) verifying its result has the expected format
   using `validate_against_openapi_schema`.

1. Make the desired API call inside the function. If our Python
   bindings don't have a dedicated method for a specific API call,
   you may either use `client.call_endpoint` or add a dedicated
   function to the [zulip PyPI
   package](https://github.com/zulip/python-zulip-api/tree/master/zulip).
   Ultimately, the goal is for every endpoint to be documented the
   latter way, but it's useful to be able to write working
   documentation for an endpoint that isn't supported by
   `python-zulip-api` yet.

1. Add the function to one of the `test_*` functions at the end of
   `zerver/openapi/python_examples.py`; this will ensure your
   function will be called when running `test-api`.

1. Capture the JSON response returned by the API call (the test
   "fixture").  The easiest way to do this is add an appropriate print
   statement (usually `json.dumps(result, indent=4, sort_keys=True)`),
   and then run `tools/test-api`.  You can also use
   <https://jsonformatter.curiousconcept.com/> to format the JSON
   fixtures.  Add the fixture to the `example` subsection of the
   `responses` section for the endpoint in
   `zerver/openapi/zulip.yaml`.

1. Run `./tools/test-api` to make sure your new test function is being
   run and the tests pass.

1. Now, inside the function, isolate the lines of code that call the API and could
   be displayed as a code example. Wrap the relevant lines in
   `# {code_example|start} ... relevant lines go here ... # {code_example|end}`
   comments. The lines inside these comments are what will be displayed as the
   code example on our `/api` page.

1. Finally, write the Markdown file for your API endpoint under
   `templates/zerver/api/`.  This is usually pretty easy to template
   off existing endpoints; but refer to the system explanations above
   for details.

1. Add the Markdown file to the index in `templates/zerver/help/include/rest-endpoints.md`.

1. Test your endpoint, pretending to be a new user in a hurry, by
   visiting it via the links on `http://localhost:9991/api` (the API
   docs are rendered from the Markdown source files on page load, so
   just reload to see an updated version as you edit).  You should
   make sure that copy-pasting the code in your examples works, and
   post an example of the output in the pull request.

[javascript-examples]: https://github.com/zulip/zulip-js/tree/master/examples

## Why a custom system?

Given that our documentation is written in large part using the
OpenAPI format, why maintain a custom Markdown system for displaying
it?  There's several major benefits to this system:

* It is extremely common for API documentation to become out of date
  as an API evolves; this automated testing system helps make it
  possible for Zulip to maintain accurate documentation without a lot
  of manual management.
* Every Zulip server can host correct API documentation for its
  version, with the key variables (like the Zulip server URL) already
  pre-substituted for the user.
* We're able to share implementation language and visual styling with
  our Help Center, which is especially useful for the extensive
  non-REST API documentation pages (e.g. our bot framework).

Using the standard OpenAPI format gives us flexibility, though; if we
later choose to migrate to third-party tools, we don't need to redo
the actual documentation work in order to migrate tools.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Lee-Anne Quinn
Hockey, Softball
Born in Peterborough, Lee-Anne was a gifted athlete known for her dedication and leadership. She was a Lakeshore Ladies Softball League All-Star as a member of Lakefield's Kingdon Lumber which won a Provincial Intermediate 'A' title in 1978, a bronze Provincial medal in 1979 and a Senior Tier II Provincial Gold medal in 1980. Lee-Anne also won a PWSA silver medal with Port Hope in 1983 and two Provincial titles in 1984, 85 with the Cobourg Angels. At Seneca College, she captained the Scouts to the 1985 OCAA softball title. She was the tournament MVP, All-Star and Top Hitter with a .875 average. She still holds the Ontario College Athletic Association record for the highest single season batting average (.714).
Lee-Anne won a 1978 Ontario Women's Hockey Association gold medal with the Peterborough Sportland Buzz Bee Juveniles and was the tournament high scorer. She was a member of Peterborough senior teams which won 1983 and 1986 OWHA championships. Lee-Anne co-captained Seneca to an OCAA hockey gold medal in 1984-85. In 1985-86 she was named Seneca College Female Athlete of the Year and won the prestigious Seneca Cup. During her military career, she was the only female to achieve a Guinness World Record by assisting her 8 member base team to carry a 140 pound stretcher 270.15 km in 49 hours.
Lee-Anne was named by Maclean's Magazine, as one of the Top 100 Canadians to watch in 1997. She received the Governor General's Award of Military Merit in 2006 and the Queen's Jubilee Medal in 2012.
In 2020, the Peterborough & District Sports Hall of Fame partnered with Dan Malta of YourTV/Cogeco Peterborough, creating a video series titled "Sports Legends of Peterborough & District." Click the YourTV logo below to watch Lee-Anne Quinn's interview.
Lee-Anne Quinn "Sports Legends of Peterborough & District"
Posted in Hockey, Softball
← Larry Oakley
Max Swanston →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ike Ike! Nekketsu Hockey Bu: Subette Koronde Dairantou
Crash 'n' the Boys: Ice Challenge
Go Go! Nekketu Hockey Club: Multi-Sport Battle
GAFF Translations
Technos Japan
This is a game in the glorious Technos series of games, in which people beat the hell out of each other while doing various things. Think Nintendo World Cup on ice, I guess. Except with a lot more beatings, and variety and stuff. You're the hockey team at school, and you're playing all the other sports teams at school. It sounds odd, but who cares - when you beat a team you get the option of using their uniforms, which also includes the ability to use their special attacks. It's a hell of a lot of fun, believe you me. As you can well imagine, beating your opponent unconscious is one of life's little pleasures, and this game manages to faithfully reproduce that same experience. And the first game is soooo much fun, because you can easily kick the AI's ass. Who says only challenging games are fun?
Oh, and this is the game that was almost going to be released in the States as "Crash n the Boys - Ice Challenge". In case you were dying to know.
Around 15 years ago, an English translation for Ike Ike! Nekketsu Hockey-bu was created by the group Disconnected Translations. Unfortunately, for most of that time, contemporary Famicom emulators have been unable to play it due to a game-breaking bug that was introduced by the patch; namely, once a goal is scored, the game freezes while trying to display the scoreboard. This patch fixes that bug, among others, making the game 100% playable on current emulators (or at least FCEUX, which is what it was tested on).
Ike Ike! Nekketsu Hockey-bu - Subette Koronde Dai Rantou (J) [!].nes (GoodNES 3.23b)
Patched with Disconnected Translations' 0.99 patch
CRC32: cb60c25a
MD5: 53783efc0e8e066057a45c63e66e06b7
SHA-1: 570ebe10691dd4603b17fe1c547e8406b14b840d
Pluvius Hacking + fixing untranslated text


Carte d'une partie De la Terre De Witt par Freycinet, Esquisse Baie de Coupang pare MM Peron & Lesuer, Esquisse De la Ville de Coupang [b/w photographic print only].
King George's Sound with its Harbours by Matthew Flinders [b/w photographic print only].
Cape Nuyts & Fowler's Bay [b/w photographic print only].
Chart of Terra Australis by Matthew Flinders [b/w photographic print only].
Chart of the South Coast of Terra Australis by Mathew Flinders [b/w photographic print only].
Doubtful Island Bay & Shoal Cape [b/w photographic print only].
Various plans of South Coast & Kombanah Bay & Leschenault Inlet [b/w photographic print only].
Plan d'une partie de la Terre de Nuyts, Leve et Dresse pav L Freycinet [b/w photographic print only].
Baie du Geographe, Plan Du Port Leschenault par B de Montbazin [b/w photographic print only].
Reserve 846- 870, 396A, Police Reserve (Mt Barker) 2276, 156 and Reserve 849 (Quindabellup Reserve), surveyed by Evans, plotted by Forrest, Fieldbook2 [scale: 8 chains to an inch].
Views on the South Coast of Terra Australis [b/w photographic print only].
Chart of The West Coast by P. King. (shows Herald's Track, 1858) [b/w photographic print only].
West Coast of Australia by P. King [b/w photographic print only].
Part of the West Coast of Australia by P. King [b/w photographic print only].
Chart of the North West Coast by P. King [b/w photographic print only].
North West & West Coasts of Australia by P. King [b/w photographic print only].


text:
Trevor Pyke (1932 – 1997) was a British sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film Das Boot.

Selected filmography
 Das Boot (1981)

References

External links

1932 births
1997 deaths
British audio engineers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Best Board Game Round-Up
Posted on March 31, 2017 July 27, 2020 by Sabor117
At MMGaming we don't just draw the line at video games. We're geeks through and through and something we have slowly but surely be gaining a profound appreciation of over the past few years is Board Games. So it seems reasonable that now we have developed a decent repertoire of board games, that we could try this review as an example to start reviewing games in the same way we do with video games.
So, after my recent reviews of One Night Ultimate Werewolf and Mage Wars, I have decided that instead of playing a slow game of catch-up with all the numerous board games I have enjoyed in recent years I thought I would provide a slightly quick-ish run down of the remaining 3 games in my Top 5, with Mage Wars and One Night fairly comfortable near the top.
Whilst naming my top 5 is significantly harder than naming those two games as some of my favourites, I feel I am fairly happy with the selection I have made: Cosmic Encounter, Dead of Winter and Codenames.
This is possibly something of a controversial choice, because while I know it is very highly rated and I personally rate it extremely highly (obviously), amongst my group of friends it is liked but not as universally adored.
In Dead of Winter you and your friends are survivors, working together to survive a zombie apocalypse whilst, in the middle of winter. So you have to work together to not only survive by fighting off the ravenous dead but also by surviving exposure to the harsh and freezing elements.
The game places your survivors in their compound which you have to maintain by, not only fighting off approaching zombies but also by keeping everyone supplied with food for the rounds you are playing. You also have to deal with waste build-up and a new crisis every round which could be lack of food or medicine. You also therefore have to travel between the colony and several "outside" locations to try and scavenge resources, and both travelling AND searching places your survivor in a significant amount of danger.
The colony collapses if you run out of morale or if everyone dies, and just about everything causes a loss of morale. Not enough food for everyone? Lose morale. A survivor dies? Lose morale. Fail a crisis? Lose a SIGNIFICANT chunk of morale. As well as this you are also playing against a clock of the round limit, which is always less than you think.
The win conditions are determined by an overall "victory" condition where the survivors will actually win. Conditions which could be anything from "clear out all the zombies from certain areas" to "provide a certain amount of supplies to the colony". On top of this, players will also have their own specific victory conditions to make things a little more competitive. In the easier modes it tends to be simple things like having a certain amount of a specific resource in your hand, but it also opens up the possibility of making you a traitor who must specifically make the colony fail (without getting yourself banished into the wilderness).
This isn't even the end of the complexity within the game, because as well as this, within a round every person takes a turn in order (and so usually everyone has to work together to plan out all the moves for the round) but before a person starts their turn, the next person picks up a "Crossroads" card.
The Crossroads cards have conditions at the top which are read in secret by the next player and if, at any point during the turn, the conditions are met then suddenly the player will find themselves at a crossroads. Sometimes these events can be as general as "have a survivor at the colony" to as specific as "Have Colonel Mustard with the Candlestick in the Police Station." And the results of the Crossroads themselves can range from the harmless, perhaps meeting another new survivor to the colony, to a decision with potentially deadly and far reaching consequences.
All of this leads me to what is easily the biggest drawback of Dead of Winter. While the initial long set-up and overall complexity of the game is intimidating enough and so usually it takes a concentrated effort to begin a game with your friends, the single biggest reservation most of my friends have is that it is so damned difficult. Across numerous playthroughs with different friends, where I have been present and not, I believe Tim has only ever succeeded in beating the game once. ONCE.
It is a game where catastrophe can strike in an instant and turn a reasonably functional colony, that isn't quite clinging on by its fingernails, into an absolute shambles. Travelling is a perfect example of this. If you want to simply MOVE a character from the colony to loot somewhere s/he must roll the encounter dice which has a chance to woun
d them, a chance to give them frostbite (each of which symbolised by a token which takes 3 to kill almost characters) or a chance to get bitten: literally instantly killing that character (and thus giving you a morale hit). So while wounds and frostbite provide difficulties, they can be dealt with, but there is always that chance that your character will simply get instantly killed. Just because of a DICE roll!
And it takes a lot to have even a slightly functional colony. Usually you will only ever be clinging on by your fingernails. You may think your characters have some pretty awesome abilities, especially working on concert with others. Maybe you get lucky in a search and find something like a sniper rifle early on. But there's always so much that needs to be done in taking care of the colony, the crisis and the actual objective that in the end some things are left by the wayside by sheer necessity.
"Food? Oh we can do without food for a couple of rounds, we'll only lose a couple of morale points."
So you might have come up with a complex but winning strategy, playing off every character's strength to achieve victory in a couple of rounds. Then the cruel wind of fate blows and a character is instagibbed on the way to the Gas Station.
"Oh, that's fine, it'll make this harder, but we can still do this. I'll just send my other character instead and we reshuffle the plan slightly."
CRUEL WIND OF FATE. The other guy is instagibbed on the exact same route.
THAT'S when panic REALLY sets in.
What I love about it though is how every game feels different. The sheer variety in characters, missions and then those ever-looming Crossroads (of which there are 80 different ones) means that there's always something different going on. Even if the overall objective is the same, the game can proceed down very different paths.
On top of this, actually winning it then FEELS like a real achievement. Given how difficult and deadly the game is, you truly feel like you have survived a zombie apocalypse and become extremely attached to those survivors of yours who helped get through it. It's a game where moments of heroism are made all the more epic simply because of the ever-present danger.
Gameplay: 10/10
Intensely difficult and necessitating a lot of strategic thought is only a good thing for a game like this which makes every minor victory feel like a major one.
Looks/Feel: 7/10
The design of the cards, survivors and locations makes everything feel delightfully grim and apocalyptic. Rolling the encounter dice feels genuinely tense and the use of noise tokens to determine how man zombies your scavenging attracts just adds to that feeling of a zombie plague.
Content: 9/10
With dozens of survivors, item cards, zombies, crossroads, the game feels absolutely packed with so much stuff it just blows my mind.
Replayability: 8/10
The numerous objectives, secret objectives and characters makes every game different enough in its own right, but the use of the numerous Crossroads is absolutely inspired.
Social Score: 6/10
While suitable for a small group of up to 5 players, with or without drinking, the complexity could drive off inexperienced board-gamers and the long set-up/play-time can make it a somewhat difficult suggestion for a relaxed evening.
Cosmic Encounter
An absolute staple amongst my group of friends and also widely lauded, Cosmic Encounter sees you taking on the role of a species of aliens on a mission of Intergalactic Domination. You start with 5 planets of your own, each garrisoned by 5 saucers (each indicating 1 ship) and you win when you have 5 garrisons on the worlds of your enemies.
The game proceeds around the table, each person in turn takes a card which determines who they will attack that round. Then that person can decide which of their target's worlds they will attack. These two players then take it in turns, attacker first, calling on the rest of the table to see if anyone will ally with them in the fight. Allies supply additional ships to the encounter, with the bonus that a successful attack will provide the allies with a foreign garrison as well and a successful defense will allow the allies to draw additional cards into their hand.
Then, allies decided, both defense and attacker draw a card from their hand with a value on it, symbolising the additional value of the fight, which is added on to the number of ships. Whoever has the highest number wins, simples, with the defeated ships blasted into the "warp". Except that players can then start adding on additional bonus cards to increase their attack power in the middle of the fight, and they can also play other cards to provide additional and sometimes extremely powerful effects. Still quite straightforward…
Except then either or both people can play "Negotiate" cards. A negotiate card is a gamble in that if it is set up against an attack card, it automatically loses, but two negotiates allows the two main combatants a chance to resolve the war peacefully. The benefits of a negotiation are often that it allows the two main players to resolve things without providing any benefits to the allies they might not really have wanted to help out.
Before you think that it mostly comes down to whoever has the biggest guns, in the words of Billy Mays: BUT WAIT, there's more!
Every player at the start is given a choice of three different alien species, which each have different powers and abilities which can affect different stages of the game. Some with extremely subtle yet extraordinarily powerful cards (such as one which allows the player to decide himself who EVERYONE actually attacks) and some with much more straightforward yet no less strong cards (such as one which instantly recovers all ships lost to the warp in combat).
And it doesn't even end there, as well as all of this there are tech cards to provide you with additional bonuses at the cost of your ships. And then a few other bits and pieces as well on top of that, just in case you thought there might not be enough going on.
Like Dead of Winter, the amount of content of Cosmic Encounter is staggering, and can perhaps be a bit intimidating to newcomers. UNLIKE Dead of Winter however, the rules tend to be a lot more straightforward and so once you get past the set-up it really is pretty simple to wrap your head around. Despite all the additional bits and pieces you might need to know to become good at the game, realistically your strength will be entirely determined by how well you can play against your friends.
Eurogamer describe it is something like Poker, and in a sense they are not far off in that there is a fair amount of bluffing and threatening which goes on. However, it also has things like Risk and Neptune's Pride thrown in, where you have to try and keep people happy, players tend to gang up on anyone who is within reach of victory and you have to swindle and sneak your way to victory as often as you can simply try and smash your way there with brute force.
In a sense, like Dead of Winter, the game's true strength lies in the fact that every single game will be different. While the cards in play will always be the same, flares and reinforcements and so on, there are 50 alien species in the base game alone.
FIFTY. And each one has a unique power which can often utterly disrupt the balance of the galaxy. In a game for a max of 5 players, that means you would have to play 10 times at an absolute minimum to experience the powers of every different alien.
Add to this that there are a number of expansions which primarily just add MOREnew alien species (along with new and exciting cards of course) and you are provided with an essentially infinite possible combination of species to face off against each other.
Now, admittedly, because a player will draw 3 cards at the start of the game and choose the specie they want from the 3, some of the species will likely not see any play time. The game is actually pretty poorly balanced with a number of the species being obviously and significantly stronger than others, so if you get a poor set of choices you're fucked, and equally if you get a powerful species card then the other weaker ones are less likely to be chosen.
Where it then differs from Dead of Winter is that Cosmic Encounter is at its heart a lot less serious of a game. It's designed to be light-hearted and fun. Those balance issues I mentioned are left by the wayside simply because while it's definitely competitive, it's competitive in a very friendly way.
Nowhere else is this clearer than with the upshot of the numerous alien races. Because of the vast array of powers, which can occur at same or different times, there is massive possibly number of combinations the powers can be used in. Inevitably this means you will come across powers which clash, possibly because the effect would change determining on the order they happen in or in that they enhance/cancel each other out. Things like this. And for situations like these it is practically essential to establish a house rule for it, and I would say that a good sign of a fairly casual game is one in which house rules are common (and this is one of the very few times I don't see it as detrimental).
Of course, because of the Poker/Risk aspects, it also becomes a game of grudges, where one lost battle early in the game can make one player decide simply to fuck up their adversary for the rest of the game out of spite. Such is life in the Galaxy.
The design of the cards is fabulous, with art that just blows me away. The small plastic ships are excellent as well, and there is something so inherently satisfying about slamming a set of five down in front of your enemy with that attitude of "you're going down bitch!"
Combined it is a game which combines the awesome feeling and looks of some kind of space Empire with an amusing game to play with your friends which will just never lose its lustre despite how often you play.
Gameplay: 7/10
Consistently genuinely good fun with enough simple but deep and interesting aspects to satisfy both casual and competitive players, slightly detracted by overall balance issues which might make it harder to play in a truly competitive setting.
Awesome card art and design combined with the use of plastic tokens and hypderdrive travel makes the game both feel and look excellent.
What feels like an endless supply of cards and bits and pieces with the constant possibility for expansion to only ever increase the content which will add to both gameplay and replayability.
FIFTY FUCKING ALIEN SPECIES. Nuff said.
Despite the max player limit of 5, Cosmic is accessible and fun enough that it ought to be easy to convince players of all background to play. As well as this the games feel shorter and less intense than some others, allowing for a more relaxed evening.
In direct contrast with both of the previous games, Codenames is not a game with a complex set-up. It does not have a vast array of different items and cards, its rulebook is really a fraction of the size of the other two. It is also by a long shot the most accessible of the three and quite possible the best in terms of sheer fun.
In Codenames, two teams square off against each other, each lead by a Spymaster of some description. A grid of 5 by 5 cards with completely random words is set up on the table and both Spymasters secretly examine a random card which will show them the location of all their secret agents. It is then up to the Spymasters to get their team to guess which of the words represent code-names for their secret agents before the opposing Spymaster does the same. There is also an assassin which, if revealed, will result in an instant loss for the team which revealed him. AND it's also worth noting that guessing the code-name of one of the opponent's team results in them revealing one more agent.
The way this is all done is that the Spymaster must create some kind of link between the random words which symbolise his agents and state how many are within that group. This is however all done in secret, similarly to many party games where the Spymaster must avoid revealing anything with expressions and any other sorts of clues.
For example, if the words "steel" and "soldier" are both agents for one team, a Spymaster might say "Sword, 2", hoping for his teammates to guess both of these. However, unfortunately the Spymaster might be a bit incompetent and not have noticed that "Knight" is also on the table and is an innocent bystander, an enemy agent or worse the assassin.
Following this there are only a few other small rules, primarily with what can be considered a valid clue or not, but realistically that about covers it. Despite the sheer simplicity of the idea, it's a fabulous game, perhaps even because it is so simple.
It's a game of laughter and confusion, because invariably your spymaster will give you a clue for a few of the words that they deem absolutely obvious and then you and your team absolutely fail to guess any of them right, leading to those classic post-game confrontations of "are you fucking retarded? How does this link to this?" Meanwhile the spymaster will continuously insist it makes perfect sense.
It's also a game about memory and tactics in a way. For example in the above situation, if your team DID guess Knight instead of Soldier you can always give them an additional guess on the next turn in the hope that they will guess it that time. You also can have clues which overlap to finally provide all of the agents on the field.
It's such a simple game but really is just a great deal of fun. It works with small groups of 4 people but can work just as well with much larger groups of players. In the latter situations it often can just get hilarious with all the conflicting opinions and thoughts everyone will have, with some people seemingly pulling connections out of their ass. The best part of course being that these connections can often be completely right, leaving everyone else staring at the guesser and spymaster with a mix of incredulous disdain and hostile amusement.
Also with the large array of cards, the fact that you never have the same set in play or representing agents, because you can take turns as the spymaster, the game just has probably the highest replay value of any I have mentioned so far.
Codenames actually represents something I love about board games in that sometimes the simplest and most straightforward of ideas can be every bit as fun as something which takes a whole evening to learn how to play and get through a single game. Absolutely worth everyone's time and money.
Exceptionally simple idea, following the tradition of word-puzzle games being pretty great fun despite the inherent simplicity.
Card art and design is all fairly average with nothing of any particular note to speak about, as a game primarily based around word-games the cards are just a tool to drive it.
Hundreds of word cards, dozens of agent placement cards and a price tag of under £15 makes the game a complete steal.
With essentially an infinite variety of possible set-ups, really the only limit on the game is how much you can play before you get bored of the formula.
Social Score: 10/10
Suitable for small groups all the way up to large ones, with or without drinking, makes it one of the most socially suited board games I've played in recent years.
Tags: Board Game review, Board Game Roundup, board games, Codenames, Codenames review, Cosmic Encounter, Cosmic Encounter review, Dead of Winter, Dead of Winter review, Fantasy Flight Games, Plaid Hat Games, Review, Vlaada ChvátilCategories: Board Game
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Art Therapy is a form of creative therapy that utilises visual and creative expression to improve physical, mental and emotional well-being. It aims to reduce anxiety and stress and address patients concerns associated with their hospital admission.
Art Therapy encourages insight and communication through art-making, process and creative play, within a therapeutic relationship to improve and inform mental and emotional well-being. During Art Therapy sessions and the art making process patients have the opportunity to explore their creativity, recognise and externalise fears, and have positive experiences in a supportive environment.
The team offers individual and group Art Therapy service, at bedside or in an activity room within Monash Children's hospital.
Use of a wide variety of art materials for self-expression such as pencils, paint, clay, 3-dimensional materials, wool etc.
Mindfulness and visualisation activities to assist with relaxation, sleep and stressful events.
Group Art Therapy sessions to encourage socialisation, shared experiences and group art making.
Referral for inpatients can be made through the Patient Flow Manager (PFM).


Are you vegan and in search of the perfect banana bread recipe ? I have got you covered. Most banana breads cook up gummy. However this one is very close to perfect.It's moist and full of flavor. Make this recipe when you're trying to impress friends and family.
This banana recipe came about because I didn't stop testing when I came up with an almost perfect banana recipe. I knew that if I kept trying, I would come up with this amazing recipe. It tastes even better the next day.
Banana breads can be tricky,some can be quite gummy,bake up great but then become tough. I didn't stop until I created a moist,perfect crumb banana bread that your great grandmother would be proud of. This bread goes well with a cup of tea or an ice-cold glass of milk. It's so perfect !
Place 1 tablespoon of vinegar into a medium sized bowl with the milk,mix and set aside.
Place the bananas into a large bowl and mash well.
Then add in the butter,mayo,cinnamon,salt,nutmeg,baking powder,apple cider vinegar,sugar,oil,buttermilk,vanilla,almond extract and walnuts. Mix well.
Then mix in the flour with a hand mixer, 1 cup at a time. It should be a stiff batter.
Grease a large loaf pan with butter or oil and pour in the batter.
Bake at 350 degrees for 45 minutes to an hour until a tooth pick comes out clean.
You can top the loaf with banana slices if you like.
This Caribbean style banana bread looks delicious! Interesting adding mayo to it, I'm guessing that gives it a super moist texture. I love it!
I really like how you laid the bananas on top of your bread. I have never seen it done like that and it looks so good.
Everyone has a banana bread recipe in their collection. This one sounds and looks amazing. I have not met a person yet that does not like banana bread. Always a pleasure to eat.
Yum, looks so good. When I was travelling on the Caribbean side of Honduras I'd get banana bread like this every morning from a lady a selling on the street. I was so good, gummy was just the right word to describe it. Love how this is vegan too!
Lovely photos! I always love a good banana bread, and this recipe looks perfect. I'm deep into fall baking mode, so I'll definitely add this recipe to my list. Can't wait to make it.
What a beautiful banana bread! Love the fact that you added actual slices of the banana for presentation and flavor. Your photography is superb now I am craving a slice of this heavenly banana bread.
I am on the way to becoming vegan so now I have a banana bread to add to my recipe list, thanks for this!
I love banana bread. Yours looks and sounds delicious! I could eat the whole loaf!!
WOW! I never would have thought to add mayo to the banana bread. Based on the beautiful pictures, the bread looks extremely moist and very delicious. I bet it would be great with ice cream!
Lawd have mercy girl you got me feening! This banana bread looks REAL good! I love making banana bread and yes this one looks PERFECT. Well done! Mi go run wid dis ya one yah!
Wow !!!! Thank you so much for that comment,I really appreciate it.


text:
from setuptools import find_packages, setup

setup(
    name="nameko-slack",
    version="0.0.6",
    description="Nameko extension for interaction with Slack APIs",
    long_description=open("README.rst").read(),
    author="Ondrej Kohout",
    author_email="ondrej.kohout@gmail.com",
    url="http://github.com/iky/nameko-slack",
    packages=find_packages(exclude=["test", "test.*"]),
    install_requires=["nameko>=2.7.0", "slackclient>=1.0.4,<2"],
    extras_require={"dev": ["coverage", "pre-commit", "pylint", "pytest"]},
    dependency_links=[],
    zip_safe=True,
    license="Apache License, Version 2.0",
    classifiers=[
        "Programming Language :: Python",
        "Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X",
        "Operating System :: POSIX",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 2",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
        "Topic :: Internet",
        "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
        "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    ],
)


text:
Искакова — женская форма фамилии .
 Искакова, Баян Сеилхановна (род. 1957) — депутат Верховного Совета Республики Казахстан XIII созыва, зам. главврача поликлинической части железнодорожной базы г. Кокшетау, член партии Народный Конгресс Казахстана, г. Кокшетау. От Кокшетауской области.
 Искакова, Женис Ермаганбетовна  (род. 1966) — казахстанская эстрадная певица.
 Искакова, Разия Шакеновна (1922—2010) — советская медработница, участница Великой Отечественной войны.
 Искакова, Сауле Сабитовна (род. 1972) — российская актриса дубляжа и певица.


text:
Spain Faces its Test of Fire
By Tony Karon July 06, 2010
It's not that Spain's quick passing "progressive possession" game can't match the whirlwind of attacking exuberance and defensive tigritude that is Joachim Low's youthful German side; after all, Barcelona, on whose game and players the Spanish team's approach is based, have for years been one of Europe's top club teams. But the Spain that has shown up in South Africa seems to play the game short of its natural tempo, with a kind of ponderous passing and lack of rhythm that has seen them squeeze by lesser opponents rather than demolish them in the way that the Germans have done to reach the semi-final. Both lost a group game (Spain to Switzerland; Germany to Serbia). But the Germans have been far more convincing. And the pace and verve of their attacks could expose some holes in Spain's defensive system — and rip some new ones.
On paper, any team that boasts the strike partnership of David Villa and Fernando Torres, and provides them with service from Andres Iniesta, Xavi and Xabi Alonso ought to have opposing defenses quaking in their boots — and that's before they glance over at the bench and realize that the Spanish could also reshuffle their attack by calling on, among others, Cesc Fabregas, Jesus Navas, David Silva or Fernando Llorente. But whatever their merits on paper, the team has scarcely gotten going. Torres has been largely ineffectual, perhaps because a series of long-term injuries has left him recovering from his second surgery of the season, and the reason for using him may well be simply that he's Fernando Torres, and no side can afford to leave him unattended in their half of the field for fear that he could produce that one moment of magic — as he did in the Euro 2008 final against Germany — that turns a match. Villa has toiled long and hard for his four goals, each of them in its own way a lifesaver to a team whose other goal threats have largely failed to unlock resolute defenses. Indeed, opposing teams have cottoned on to the fact that to stop Spain playing, you have to prevent Xavi, Iniesta and Alonso from having any time on the ball to pick the killer pass. Leave space and time on the ball for Busquets, the least creative of the midfielders, and stay tight on the others. That may be one reason why so many of Spain's forays forward in so many games have gone through right back Sergio Ramos. And for the most part, those have proved pretty harmless — against Germany, he'll have Lukas Podolski to cope with, which may also limit his opportunities for adventure in the German half.
The problem for Spain's possession game is that German team is unique in its mobility, and the speed with which it can swarm into attack (centerback Arnie Friedrich's goal from a Schweinsteiger cutback against Argentina on Saturday was not from a setpiece or immediately after one; he'd bombed forward to join the attack) and just as quickly rally to defend. Sometimes, leaving the gifted midfielder Mesut alone up front, even striker Miroslav Klose can be found making tackles on the edge of his own area. Nobody in this team is too good for cleanup duties, and their fitness and youth allows them to quickly rally overwhelming numbers at both ends of the field. The player that drives and personifies this team's ethos is Bastian Schweinsteiger, the Bayern Munich midfield general who is Germany's first line of defense at the base of the midfield alongside Sami Khedira, but can also carry and pass the ball with devastating effect — quite possibly the most complete player on view at the 2010 World Cup.
Schweinsteiger and company will not only create problems for Spain's creative trio, but they'll also sorely test Busquets and Alonso's defensive capabilities. Moreover, the Spanish centerbacks' habit of defending a high line could be devastatingly exposed by the zippy Germans whose gorgeous thirty-yard first-time flicks from the wings into the channels and out again get the ball into the opponent's final third in a matter of nanoseconds, as Argentina repeatedly discovered to its horror last Saturday. Carles Puyol, Joan Capdevilla and Sergio Ramos are not the quickest, and that could cost Spain. One bit of relief for Capdevilla is the news that Thomas Mueller, the left winger who has been a revelation in South Africa, is suspended from Wednesday's match. Still, Germany has more than enough pace and skill at the direct game to shatter Spain's defenses.
Experience and accomplishment should still give the edge to Spain — if even just Torres, Villa and Xavi are at the top of their games and have the ball to work with, they could subject this young German team to a harsh examination — but form at the tournament has to give Germany the edge. Either way, this one is destined to be a classic.


text:
Q: How to validate subprocess.check_output()? I am executing commands through subprocess.check_output() because i want the o/p of it to be stored in a buffer.
Now, while doing this if command gets failed or if there is any error then it is causing problem for my whole application.
What i want is, even if command fails it should just print and go on for next instruction.
Can anybody help me to solve it?
Below is the sample code.
from subprocess import check_output
buff=check_output(["command","argument"])
if buff=="condition":
    print "Do Some Task "

A: One way to do this would be to use the Popen.communicate method on a Process instance.
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
proc = Popen(["command", "argument"], stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
out, err = proc.communicate() # Blocks until finished
if proc.returncode != 0: # failed in some way
    pass # handle however you want
# continue here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
using System;

/*Problem 19.** Spiral Matrix

Write a program that reads from the console a positive integer number n (1 ≤ n ≤ 20) and prints a matrix holding the numbers from 1 to n*n in the form of square spiral like in the examples below.
 */

class SpiralMatrix
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Enter value for n:");
        int n = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        int[,] matrix = new int[n, n];

        int top = 0;
        int bottom = n - 1;
        int left = 0;
        int right = n - 1;

        int currentNumber = 1;

        do
        {
            for (int i = left; i <= right; i++)
            {
                matrix[top, i] = currentNumber;
                currentNumber++;
            }
            top += 1;

            for (int j = top; j <= bottom; j++)
            {
                matrix[j, right] = currentNumber;
                currentNumber++;
            }
            right -= 1;

            for (int k = right; k >= left; k--)
            {
                matrix[bottom, k] = currentNumber;
                currentNumber++;
            }
            bottom -= 1;

            for (int l = bottom; l >= top; l--)
            {
                matrix[l, left] = currentNumber;
                currentNumber++;
            }
            left += 1;

        } while (currentNumber <= n * n);

        for (int z = 0; z < n; z++)
        {
            for (int x = 0; x < n; x++)
            {
                Console.Write("{0,4}", matrix[z, x]);
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}


VerticalResponse's API generally follows the REST model, based on the principles behind HTTP. We don't overlay another data model on top, we just follow the model the web is built on: Hypermedia, with resources, locations, and links to other locations, accessed by stateless client apps.
A Hypermedia API is generally not based on remote procedure calls; it is based on navigating from one resource to another. Our API has many features which make navigation through the data much easier.
You're given a "URL" field for your resource, which tells you where you are.
You get links to let you know about related resources.
You get links to let you know where to go from there.
For collections, the items also have "URL" fields to tell you where to go to get them.
You always have links that can take you elsewhere, even in errors.
Every resource except the top includes an "up" link, to take you up the hierarchy - even error responses. You don't have to keep a history of where you've been to keep from getting lost.
More generally, this framework of self describing or self "documenting" results allows an application to know what resources can be accessed after successfully performing any given operation — a key aspect of REST. Just like how a user knows what actions they can perform when navigating a website, an application can programmatically know where it can go next. This reduces coupling between the application and the server and allows server‑side changes of resource URLs to be made without breaking the application. For example, this system of links eliminates the need for a look up table of the next available resources (e.g. a WADL file) and also reduces the need to hardcode URLs. Self describing resources also result in simplicitiy and consistency across the API.
The main advantage of a navigation-based, self-describing API is that you don't have to keep as much application state in your client code. That cuts down on how much contextual information you need to keep track of and how much data you have to keep in sync.
To make it easier to write client code, results are expressed as the full state of the resource, not as a set of changes. You don't have to keep your own copy of the resource, you can get new data without having to merge it into any old version. And if you do cache data, you can just replace the old data with the new. All you really need are a link to any resource and your authorization credentials, you can navigate from there.
The response below is returned when an application attempts to read details about a particular contact.
From this state, you can find all messages sent to the given contact by subsequently navigating to the "messages" URL provided in the result, which would return a collection of emails. Alternatively you can navigate to the "lists" URL to find all lists that the contact is a part of, and even navigate to the list that the contact was initially added to.
Note:Note that the "up" link is pretty much standard in all of the API call responses and allows you to navigate to the resource's parent.


text:
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft.  All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//

using System;

namespace Microsoft.Azure.Search.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A single bucket of a facet query result that reports the number of documents with a field falling within a
    /// particular range or having a particular value or interval.
    /// </summary>
    public class Facet
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the Facet class.
        /// </summary>
        public Facet()
        {
            // Do nothing.
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a value indicating the type of this facet.
        /// </summary>
        public FacetType Type
        {
            get
            {
                return (Value != null) ? FacetType.Value : FacetType.Range;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a value indicating the inclusive lower bound of the facet's range, or null to indicate that there is
        /// no lower bound (i.e. -- for the first bucket).
        /// </summary>
        public object From { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets a value indicating the exclusive upper bound of the facet's range, or null to indicate that there is
        /// no upper bound (i.e. -- for the last bucket).
        /// </summary>
        public object To { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the value of the facet, or the inclusive lower bound if it's an interval facet.
        /// </summary>
        public object Value { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the approximate count of documents falling within the bucket described by this facet.
        /// </summary>
        public long Count { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Attempts to convert the facet to a range facet of the given type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">
        /// A type that matches the type of the field to which the facet was applied. Valid types include
        /// <c cref="System.DateTimeOffset">DateTimeOffset</c>, <c cref="System.Double">Double</c>, and
        /// <c cref="System.Int64">Int64</c> (long in C#).
        /// </typeparam>
        /// <returns>A new strongly-typed range facet instance.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidCastException">This instance is not a range facet of the given type.</exception>
        public RangeFacet<T> AsRangeFacet<T>() where T : struct
        {
            if (Type != FacetType.Range)
            {
                throw new InvalidCastException();
            }

            return new RangeFacet<T>(Count, (T?)From, (T?)To);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Attempts to convert the facet to a value facet of the given type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">
        /// A type that matches the type of the field to which the facet was applied.
        /// </typeparam>
        /// <returns>A new strongly-typed value facet instance.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="InvalidCastException">This instance is not a value facet of the given type.</exception>
        public ValueFacet<T> AsValueFacet<T>()
        {
            if (Type != FacetType.Value)
            {
                throw new InvalidCastException();
            }

            return new ValueFacet<T>(Count, (T)Value);
        }
    }
}


text:
Hannah Mary McKinnon
By BookTrib|2019-07-01T09:53:30-04:00June 25th, 2019|Authors|
Domestic suspense/drama
I was born in the UK and grew up in Switzerland where I earned a couple of degrees in finance and business. After graduating I worked in a number of different industries before joining an IT recruitment company to do "everything except sales" (that was my actual job-title). Fast-forward a little over a decade and I'd married a Canadian within five months of meeting him on the Internet (anyone remember ICQ?), had three kids in sixteen months, and was the CEO of the recruitment business. Phew!
In 2010 we relocated to Oakville (Ontario) where I started my own HR company. It failed within its first year and, while its demise felt disastrous at the time, it gave me the opportunity to reassess what I wanted to do. That's when I started writing, and now I can't imagine doing anything else.
In recent years I've become a mud-run fan. Not for the running, which I'm rubbish at, but for the mud and obstacles—the more and the crazier, the better!
For more information on Hannah Mary McKinnon, visit her website: www.hannahmarymckinnon.com
Her Secret Son (2019)
The Neighbors (2018)
Biggest literary influencers:
Jennifer Hillier (see below), Lisa Jewell for her character development and ability to pivot from rom-com to drama to suspense, David Nicholls for his second-to-none witty and poignant dialogue, and J.K. Rowling for, well, everything.
Last book read:
A.F. Brady's The Blind and Daniel Cole's Hangman (both excellent!).
The book that changed your life:
Once an avid thriller reader, after my best friend's murder in 1994 I wouldn't touch anything other than light-hearted rom-coms. Two decades later, while waiting for one of my boys at the local library, I happened to walk past Creep by Jennifer Hillier. Something about the cover intrigued me so I picked it up, read the first few pages—and was hooked. I took the novel home and devoured the rest of it that day. Creep reignited my passion for thrillers. I remember thinking "I want to write dark stuff, too, I want to tell stories about messed up families." It's because of Jennifer's book that I moved from writing rom-com to domestic suspense, and I couldn't be happier.
Your favorite literary character:
It's got to be Asterix and Obelix—simply because my sister used to read me the comic books when we were kids, and always put on funny voices that had us in fits of giggles. Both she and my parents played a tremendous part in cultivating my love of books.
Currently working on:
My fourth book (working title SISTER DEAR) is in the final editing stages, and publishes spring 2020. It's another domestic suspense/drama, this time involving half-sisters who don't know the other exists…until one of them finds out. Dark and twisty! I've made a start on writing my fifth novel, and am slowly plotting the sixth in my head.
Words to live by:
Making mistakes is better than faking perfection.
Advice to new and aspiring authors:
One: "Your first draft is allowed to be rubbish." It took me forever to understand this means my first draft, not the manuscript I'll share with anyone because I'll go through rounds of self-edits before that point.
Two: "If you're stuck on what happens next but know what comes after, skip ahead." Of course! I've no idea why I didn't think of it.
Articles / Reviews:
Booklist Online (The Neighbors)
Booklist Online (Her Secret Son)
Her Secret Son:
"An engrossing mix of suspense, grief and family drama, Her Secret Son is a powerful tale of the lengths parents will go to care for their children and ultimately, the true meaning of family."
—Kimberly Belle, bestselling author of The Marriage Lie
"McKinnon continuously ratchets up the stakes to a stunning conclusion you won't see coming. Emotionally tense and brimming with secrets, McKinnon showcases love in all its purity and peril."
—Mindy Mejia, author of Leave No Trace
"Compelling characters, heart-stopping suspense and an ending that blew me away. Her Secret Son is an unbearably tense page turner that I devoured in one sitting. Make room on your bookshelf for this gripping thriller."
—Heather Gudenkauf, New York Times bestselling author
McKinnon creates tenderly drawn characters, ordinary people thrown into haunting situations, and turns up the heat. Promise, you won't see all the twists coming!"
—Kaira Rouda, USA TODAY bestselling author
An intricate tangle of family secrets…with unforgettable characters who bring this heartbreaking and chilling story to life."
—K.A. Tucker, USA TODAY bestselling author
Karen Schutte
Barbara N. McLennan
Kevin Tumlinson
Lukas Konandreas


text:
'use strict';
/*jshint browser: true */

module.exports = function(urlStr) {
	var parser = document.createElement('a');
	parser.href = urlStr;
	return parser.hostname;
};


text:
'Barbarian' ending explained: 3 pivotal questions, answered by the director
If you missed Barbarian in theaters but somehow also managed to make it this long without having the movie spoiled for you, you're in luck. Barbarian is streaming now on HBO Max so there's literally no excuse not to watch what may be the best horror movie of the year (with apologies to Michael Myers).
And once you've finally watched Barbarian, there's a pretty good chance you'll have some questions about the movie's many shocking twists leading up to its wild ending. Lucky for you, we've got the answers. Read on, but be warned…
Huge spoilers ahead for Barbarian.
Barbarian ending explained
Alright, let's cover some basics first. The first third of Barbarian is pretty straightforward. Two strangers get double-booked at an Airbnb in Detroit and agree to share the house. They find a secret passage in the basement and explore it (apparently because they've never seen a horror movie before). However, it turns out there's a terrifying, giant naked woman in the basement and she murders one of them.
From there, the movie introduces a third character (Justin Long as the guy who owns the house but knows nothing about the monster) and goes truly off the rails. The naked woman, referred to as The Mother, turns out to be the progeny of a man named Frank who's also still alive in the deepest recesses of the house's winding basement tunnels. Frank was a murderer and a rapist who abducted women, and one of them gave birth to The Mother.
After the surviving characters escape the house, The Mother pursues them through the abandoned Detroit neighborhood. The movie ends with The Mother dead and one survivor. (There's also a whole subplot about #MeToo but I don't think it needs much explaining aside from the obvious statement that Justin Long's character is a very bad person.)
So that's the very barebones explanation, but thanks to an interview with Barbarian's writer/director Zach Cregger in The Hollywood Reporter, we can answer a few deeper questions with specific details.
Who is "The Mother" and where did she come from?
While this one is fairly obvious, the specific details are only explained once in a line of dialogue you might miss. After our heroes escape the house, they're rescued by a homeless man played by Jaymes Butler who explains what Frank was up to. Cregger summarizes:
"He started making babies with them and then babies with the babies. So if you make a copy of a copy of a copy, you end up with something like [The Mother]. So as much as I normally would like to just leave things to the audience, to ruminate on and decide for themselves, I do think that The Mother is his offspring. He is probably her father and grandfather."
As for The Mother's bizarre character traits, Cregger says it can all be explained by her upbringing. When The Mother captures visitors to the Airbnb, she oscillates wildly between extreme violence and a misplaced maternal instinct. At one point, she tries to feed one of her prisoners with a large baby's bottle before attempting to breastfeed him directly. We also see her watching an old VHS tape that appears to be a breastfeeding tutorial video.
"So she has been raised in this pitch-black dungeon," Cregger says. "She exists in a binary where she's only witnessed two forms of interaction: this videotape of smothering mother love and this horrific violence that her father has shown her."
Cregger goes on to explain that he did real research into "feral children" while developing The Mother's character:
"So she doesn't know any in between. We only see her being smothering or horrible. We did a lot of research into feral children, and she's not too dissimilar to how actual feral children behave as adults. If you are not exposed to the English language before the age of two or any language for that matter, you're never going to be verbal, ever, because those synapses, those neural pathways never connect. If they don't do it at that crucial age, you will be a monosyllabic person. So the way she speaks is true to how someone like that speaks. Now, she has a little more strength and power; I'm stretching credulity there, but that's okay. It's a horror movie."
Why did Frank abduct all those women?
This is never directly explained in the movie, though it's clear that Frank is a terrible person. When asked by THR if he was specifically abducting women to create babies for The Mother to take care off, Cregger suggests that might actually be giving Frank too much credit:
"I don't think that he was product-minded. I don't think that having progeny was a big part of his goal. If you look at the amount of videotapes he had, you realize how many victims there were, so there's something else going on with this guy. So I don't think [progeny] was necessarily the goal for him, but he didn't discard The Mother when she was born. There was something in him that kept her around. I don't quite know what that was, but it's intriguing to think about."
Who built the tunnels under the Airbnb?
If like Justin Long's character your focus here is on the house's impressive square footage, you might be wondering who dug out all those creepy tunnels under the Airbnb. When asked if Frank built the tunnels or if they were constructed by someone else entirely for some other evil purpose, Cregger offered a succinct answer.
"In my mind, he built them."
Why was the Airbnb double-booked?
This is never actually answered and it's been bugging me for a while. As far as I can tell, Cregger hasn't commented on it either. When Justin Long's character visits the office of the company that's running his Airbnb, they deny booking it all. So my best guess is that either they are working with Frank/The Mother, or they're just totally incompetent.
Barbarian is streaming now on HBO Max.
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text:
OSI CollegeOSI Nebraska HuskersOSI Huskers Football
Huskers receiver Spielman reportedly transferring from Nebraska
Adam Bettcher

MINNEAPOLIS, MN - NOVEMBER 11: JD Spielman #10 of the Nebraska Cornhuskers carries the ball for a gain against the Minnesota Golden Gophers at TCF Bank Stadium on November 11, 2017 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. (Photo by Adam Bettcher/Getty Images)

By: Adam Krueger
Posted at 11:48 AM, Jun 08, 2020
OMAHA (KMTV) — Huskers wide receiver J.D. Spielman is reportedly transferring from Nebraska. Our partners at the Omaha World-Herald have confirmed that Spielman has entered the transfer portal.
Confirmed that JD Spielman has entered the transfer portal. #huskers
— Sam McKewon (@swmckewonOWH) June 8, 2020
Back in March, Spielman took an absence from the Nebraska football team due to health concerns. Spielman has already redshirted & has one year of eligibility remaining. He would have to sit out the 2020 season if he went to another FBS school, unless he applied for a waiver that would need approval by the NCAA.
Spielman was on pace to shatter several NU career receiving records. With just 20 more catches, he would've broken Stanley Morgan's NU record of 189 career catches. With just 202 more yards, he would've surpassed Morgan's career record of 2,747 receiving yards.
The Minnesota native was named Nebraska's Receiver of the Year in 2018 & 2019. Spielman holds several Husker records including the single-game receiving yards mark with 209 at Wisconsin in 2018 & the freshman receptions record wtih 55 in 2017.
The 5'9" 180 pounder is the son of Minnesota Vikings GM Rick Spielman.
Spielman ends his Husker career 3rd on the school's all-time receptions chart & 4th all-time at NU in receiving yards.
Nebraska now has nine wide receivers on scholarship & five of them are newcomers.
Husker sophomore wide receiver Wan'Dale Robinson reacted to the news on his Twitter account.
still my brother no matter what 🤞🏾 @jdspielman10
— Wan'Dale Robinson (@wanda1erobinson) June 8, 2020


Club Penguin Cheats by Mimo777 Club Penguin Cheats by Mimo777: Club Penguin Super Hero Party in USA Today!
Dood! Club Penguin's Marvel Super Hero Takeover has made news... big time! USA Today has done a whole article on The Avengers and Marvel coming to Club Penguin!
The story says we will "take sides and accomplish missions." Saweet!
Let me know what you think about Club Penguin making the news, k?
Hands?! Club penguin penguins DON'T HAVE HANDS. Penguins have flippers!!
(the Hulk is ok though, it normally is like that) I don't mind the news, and the party, but really. HANDS DON'T NEED TO BE PUT ON PENGUINS.
Hey that's great Mimo! Can't wait for the party. I like Iron Man.
I'm going to be Thor at the party, who are you going to be Mimo?
I was thinking the same about hands too! I find it weird, that Black Widow's hair makes her cheeks look fat! I am seriously laughing that I said that! Oh By The Way, the party was late, I don't live in the U.S so I have a different time then you Mimo, I was there on the 14th and everyone was like " Where is the party!?" Serious, for real!
Hey mimo,i made an awsome costume for you to put on ur website.i would send u a pic but idk how so imma tell u how to make it then u can ware it and take a pic for the blog. You put on thors helmit,turn green,put on the eyepatch,put on cap america uniform,but on black shoes,and hawkeyes bow and arrows! its THE ULTIMATE AVENGER!! there was no room for anything of ironmans unless you want the costume to look dumb and theres no black widow either but trust me! when you make the outfit,ittl look SUPER AWSOME!