Article 1 The Regulations are enacted to regulate the futures transactions, strengthen the supervision and administration over the futures trading, and maintain the order of the futures market, so as to prevent the risks, protect the legal rights and interests of all parties of futures transactions and the social public interests and promote the active and steady development of the futures market.
Article 2 The Regulations shall be complied with by units and individuals, who engage in the futures trading, including the transactions of commodity and financial futures contracts and option contracts and relevant activities.
Article 3 Futures transactions shall follow the principles of openness, fairness, justness, honesty and credibility. Illegal activities including frauds, insider dealing and manipulation of futures transactions prices are prohibited.
Article 4 Futures transactions shall be conducted at legally established futures exchanges or other trading venues approved by the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council.
Futures transactions conducted in any other places are prohibited and no futures transactions in disguised forms are allowed.
Article 5 The futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council implements centralized and unified supervision and administration over the futures market.
The agencies of the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council shall fulfill their duties of supervision and administration according to relevant stipulations in the Regulations and the authorization of the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council.
Article 6 The establishment of futures exchanges shall be examined and approved by the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council.
No unit or individual is allowed to set up a futures exchange or organize futures transactions and relevant activities in any form without approval by the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council.
Article 7 Futures exchanges, non-profit shall carry out the self-regulation according to their constitutions and assume the civil liabilities with all their properties. The persons in charge of futures exchanges shall be appointed and dismissed by the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council.
The administrative measures for futures exchanges shall be formulated by the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council.
Article 8 Members of futures exchanges shall be corporations or other economic organizations registered in the People's Republic of China.
Futures exchanges can carry out the member classification clearing system, and their members can be divided into clearing members and non-clearing members.
The certificate for clearing business of clearing members shall be approved by the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council, which shall make decision on approval or non-approval within 3 months since the day when accepting the application for clearing business certificate.
(2) It has been not more than 5 years since the day when qualifications of the lawyers, certificated public accountants or the professionals of investment consulting institutions, financial consulting institutions, credit rating institutions, asset appraisal institutions and verification institutions were revoked due to illegal activities.
(6) other duties prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
The futures exchanges shall not participate in the futures trading directly or indirectly. The futures exchanges shall not carry out the business having no relation with their duties including trust investment, stock investment and non-self-used real estate investment without examination and verification by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council and approval of the State Council.
(6) other risk management systems prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
The futures exchanges implementing the classified settlement system for members shall establish and perfect the settlement deposit system as well.
The aforesaid abnormal conditions refer to the activities of manipulating the trading prices of futures or the irresistible emergencies occurred in the trading, and other conditions prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
After the abnormal conditions disappear, the futures exchanges shall cancel the emergency measures in time.
(6) other issues prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
The futures regulatory authority of the State Council shall ask for the advice of relevant authorities of the State Council when approving the listing of new trade varieties at the futures exchanges.
Article 14 The incomes of the futures exchanges shall be managed and used according to relevant regulations of the state, with the priority given to the operation and improvement of the sites and facilities of the futures exchanges.
Article 15 The futures exchanges are the financial institutions engaging in futures business established according to the provisions of the "Company Law of the People's Republic of China" and the Regulations. The establishment of a futures company shall be approved by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council and registered at the company registration authority.
Without the approval of the futures regulatory authority of the State Council, no unit or individual can establish the futures company to do futures business or in disguised form.
(2) directors, supervisors and senior management have the qualifications for their positions and practitioners have the qualifications for futures trading.
(7) other conditions prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
The futures regulatory authority of the State Council can raise the minimum amount of the registered capital according to the prudential regulatory principle and the risk levels of various business. The registered capital shall be the paid-up capital. The shareholders shall contribute in cash or with the non-currency assets needed for the operation of futures companies, with the proportion of contribution in cash not less than 85%.
The futures regulatory authority of the State Council shall make the decision of approval or disapproval within 6 months since the day when it accepts the application of establishment of the futures company upon verification according to the prudential regulatory principle.
Without the approval of the futures regulatory authority of the State Council, no unit or individual can entrust others person with or accept other person's commission of holding or managing the equity of the futures company.
Article 17 The permit system shall be implemented towards the business of futures company, with the permit license issued by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council according to the kind of commodity futures and financial futures business of the futures company. In addition to the domestic futures brokage business, the futures company can also apply for the overseas futures brokage business, futures investment consulting business and other futures business prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
The futures companies are prohibited to carry out the activities having no relation with the futures business, excluding those prescribed by laws, administrative regulations or the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
The futures companies are prohibited to carry out or in disguised form the self-operated futures business.
The futures companies are prohibited to provide financing for their shareholders, actual controllers or other related parties, or provide the outward guarantees.
Article 18 The futures companies conduct the brokerage business, accept the clients' commissions and conduct the futures trading for the clients in the futures companies' names, with the trading results assumed by the clients.
(7) other issues prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
For the aforesaid issues listed in items (4) and (7), the futures regulatory authority of the State Council shall make the decision of approval or disapproval within 20 days since the day when the application is accepted; for the rest of the issues, the futures regulatory authority of the State Council shall make the decision of approval or disapproval within 2 months since the day when the application is accepted.
(5) other issues prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
For the issues listed in the aforesaid items (1), (2), (4) and (5), the agency of the futures regulatory authority of the State Council shall make the decision of approval or disapproval within 20 days since the day when the application is accepted; for the issue in the aforesaid item (3), the agency of the futures regulatory authority of the State Council shall make the decision of approval or disapproval within 2 months since the day when the application is accepted.
(4) other circumstances prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
The futures companies shall settle relevant futures business and return the deposits and other assets to the clients before cancelling the futures business licenses. The branches of the futures companies shall terminate the business and dispose the clients' assets properly before cancelling the business licenses.
Article 22 The futures companies shall establish, perfect and strictly implement the business management rules and risk management system, observe the information disclosure system, ensure the safety of the clients' deposits, and report the list of large stakeholders and trading information to the futures exchanges according to the regulations of the futures exchanges.
Article 23 Other futures business institutions engaging in the futures investment consulting and providing the business including the intermediate introduction for the futures companies shall obtain the business qualifications approved by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council. The specific administration measures will be formulated by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
Article 24 Only the members of the futures exchanges can conduct the futures trading at the futures exchanges.
Article 25 Before conducting the futures trading for the clients upon commission by them, the futures companies shall show the risk disclosure statement to the clients, make them sign for confirmation and then sign the written contracts with them. The futures companies shall not conduct the futures trading without the commissions of the clients or not in accordance with the contents of the clients' commissions.
The futures companies shall not make the promises of making profit to the clients and shall not stipulate profits sharing or joint risk bearing with the clients during the brokage business.
(5) other units and individuals who cannot conduct the futures trading prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
Article 27 The clients can give the trading instructions to the futures companies in written form, by telephone and internet or by other ways prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council. The trading instructions of the clients shall be specific and complete.
The futures companies shall not conceal significant issues or use other unfair means to inveigle the clients into giving the trading instructions.
Article 28 The futures exchanges shall publish in time the trading volume, knock down price, position volume, maximum and minimum prices, opening and closing prices and other real-time market information needed to be published, and shall ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the real-time market information. The futures exchanges shall not publish the information about price prediction.
Without approval of the futures exchanges, no unit or individual can publish the real-time market information of the futures trading.
Article 29 The deposit system shall be strictly implemented during the futures trading. The deposits charged by the futures exchanges and futures companies towards their members and clients shall not be lower than the standards made by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council and the futures exchanges and shall be saved in the special accounts, separate with their own funds.
The deposits charged by the futures exchanges towards their members belong to the members and shall not be embezzled except being used for the trading settlement of the members.
(3) other circumstances prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
Article 30 The futures companies shall open the special account and set the trading code for every client and shall not conduct the trading with mixed codes.
Article 31 The futures companies conducting the futures brokage business as well as other futures businesses shall implement the system of business separation and fund separation; the mixed operation is prohibited.
Article 32 The members and clients of the futures exchanges can conduct the futures trading by taking the securities such as standard warehouse receipts and treasury bonds, which have the stable values and strong liquidities, as the deposits. The varieties, the price calculation methods of the securities and the offsetting proportion of the deposits will be prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
Article 33 The qualifications for conducting the business of deposit saving and futures settlement of the banking financial institutions shall be approved by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council upon examination, verification and approval by the banking regulatory authority of the State Council.
Article 34 The clearing members of the futures exchanges, futures companies and non-futures companies shall withdraw, manage and use the risk reserves according to the regulations prescribed by the futures regulatory authority and financial department of the State Council; the appropriation is prohibited.
Article 35 The charge items, charge standards and management methods of the futures trading shall be unitedly formulated and promulgated by relevant authorities of the State Council.
Article 36 The futures trading shall be conducted through the public centralized way or other ways approved by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
Article 37 The settlement of the futures trading shall be unitedly organized by the futures exchanges.
The futures exchanges shall implement the mark to market settlement system and inform their members of the settlement result on the very day.
The futures companies shall conduct the settlement for the clients according to the settlement results of the futures exchanges and inform the clients of the settlement results in time through the ways stipulated with the clients. The clients shall check in time and appropriately dispose their trading positions.
Article 38 The members of the futures exchanges shall complement the deposits or close the positions by themselves when their deposits are insufficient. If any member fails to do so within the period prescribed by the futures exchange, the futures exchange shall close the member's position mandatorily, with relevant fees and losses caused by the mandatory position closing assumed by the member.
The clients shall complement the deposits or close the positions by themselves when their deposits are insufficient. If any client fails to do so within the period prescribed by the futures company, the futures company shall close the client's position mandatorily, with relevant fees and losses caused by the mandatory position closing assumed by the client.
Article 39 The delivery of the futures trading shall be unitedly organized and conducted by the futures exchanges.
(5) other activities prescribed by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
Article 40 If a member breaks the contract in the futures trading, the futures exchange shall assume the obligation of breach of the contract with the member's deposit firstly; if the deposit is insufficient, the futures exchange shall use the risk reserve and its own funds to assume the obligation of breach of the contract for the client and then obtain relevant right of recourse against the client.
If a client breaks the contract in the futures trading, the futures company shall assume the obligation of breach of the contract with the client's deposit firstly; if the deposit is insufficient, the futures company shall use the risk reserve and its own funds to assume the obligation of breach of the contract for the client and then obtain relevant right of recourse against the client.
Article 41 The futures exchange which implements the classified settlement system for members shall charge the settlement deposits towards its clearing members. The futures exchange conducts the settlement and charges and collects the deposits only towards its clearing members, assumes the obligations of breach of contracts with the settlement deposits, risk reserves and its own funds for them, and takes other relevant measures. The clearing members conduct the settlement, charge and collect the deposits towards the non-clearing members, assume the obligations of breach of contracts and take other relevant measures.
Article 42 Clearing members of the futures exchanges, futures companies and non-futures companies shall ensure the completeness and safety of the documents of futures trading, settlement and delivery.
Article 43 No unit or individual is allowed to make up or spread false information about the futures trading. Malicious collaboration, joint transaction or manipulating the futures trading prices in other forms is prohibited.
Article 44 No unit or individual is allowed to use the credit funds or financial funds to conduct the futures trading against the regulations.
The qualifications for banking financial institutions to engage in the futures trading financing or guarantee business should be approved by the banking regulatory authority of the State Council.
Article 45 In domestic and overseas futures trading, the state-owned and state-controlled companies shall comply with the hedging principle and strictly observe relevant regulations on companies entering the futures market with stated-owned assets issued by the state-owned assets regulatory authority or other relevant departments of the State Council.
Article 46 The commercial department of the State Council shall verify and approve the varieties of the overseas futures trading dealt with by the domestic businesses or individuals.
The purchase, settlement and receipts and payments of foreign exchange in overseas futures trading should be in line with the relevant foreign exchange regulations of the state.
Rules for domestic units or individuals on dealing with overseas futures trading are formulated by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council jointly with relevant departments including the commercial department, the state-owned assets regulatory authority, the banking regulatory authority and the foreign exchange management authority of the State Council, and will take effect after being approved by the State council.
Article 47 The futures association is a self-disciplined organization and social organization of the futures industry.
The futures companies and other institutions specializing in futures business shall join the futures association and pay the membership fees.
Article 48 The power organ of the futures association is the members' assembly consisting of all members.
The constitutions of the futures association is formulated by the members' assembly and put on record by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
A council is set up in the futures association, with its members elected according to the constitutions.
(8) other duties prescribed in the constitutions of the futures association.
All the business activities of the futures association shall be directed and supervised by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
(9) other duties regulated by laws and administrative regulations.
(8) other measures regulated by laws and administrative regulations.
Article 52 The futures exchanges, futures companies, other futures institutions, margin monitoring institutions shall submit the financial accounting reports, business materials and other relevant material to the Futures Regulatory Authority.
The Futures Regulatory Authority shall specially designate persons to audit the annual reports submitted by futures companies and other futures institutions and then formulating the audit reports. The auditors shall sign the audit reports. As for the problems found in the auditing, the Futures Regulatory Authority shall adopt corresponding measures in time.
If necessary, the Futures Regulatory Authority can require the clearing members of non-futures companies, delivery warehouses, shareholders and actual controllers of futures companies or other related persons to submit relevant materials.
Article 53 When the Futures Regulatory Authority performs its duties according to law through supervision and examination or investigation, the units and individuals under examination and investigation shall cooperate by providing relevant documents and materials according to the facts and shall not turn down, prevent or conceal relevant information and materials from the Futures Regulatory Authority; so do other relevant departments and units.
Article 54 The state shall set up the guarantee fund for futures investors (the guarantee fund) according to the development of the futures market.
The specific measures on raising, management and usage of the guarantee fund shall be worked out by the Futures Regulatory Authority together with the financial department of the State Council.
Article 55 The Futures Regulatory Authority shall establish and improve the monitoring system for safe deposit and management of futures margin and establish the margin monitoring institutions.
The clients, futures exchanges, futures companies, other futures institutions, clearing members of non-futures companies and banks for futures margin deposit and management shall abide by relevant regulations on monitoring the safe deposit and management of futures margin stipulated by the Futures Regulatory Authority.
Article 56 The margin monitoring institutions shall monitor the security of the futures margin according to relevant regulations and carry out auditing every day. Problems discovered should be immediately reported to the Futures Regulatory Authority, who shall deal with them in time according to different circumstances and relevant stipulations in the Regulations.
Article 57 The Futures Regulatory Authority shall implement the qualification management system towards the directors, supervisors, senior management and other futures practitioners of futures exchanges, futures companies, other futures institutions and margin monitoring institutions.
Article 58 The Futures Regulatory Authority shall formulate the regulations on continuous operation of futures companies, stipulating the risk monitoring indexes of futures companies, including the proportion of net capital to net assets, the proportions of net capital to the business scales of domestic and oversea futures brokerage and the proportion of current assets to current liabilities, as well as raising requirements to futures companies and their branches in such aspects as operation conditions, risk management, internal control, margin deposit and management and connected transactions.
Article 59 If futures companies and their branches violate the regulations on continuous operation or encounter operational risks, the Futures Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulatory measures by conversing with and notifying the futures companies and their directors, supervisors and senior management, and filing the aforesaid situations into their credit records, or order them to conduct rectification within specified period before examining and checking the rectification results.
(7) ordering the controlling shareholder to transfer shares or restricting relevant shareholders' exercise of shareholders' rights.
The Futures Regulatory Authority shall terminate relevant measures imposed on the futures companies, which have compiled with the stipulation of laws and administrative regulations and met the requirement of the regulations on continuous operation after the rectification, within 3 days since the completion day of check and acceptance.
As for futures companies, who still do not met the requirement of the regulations on continuous operation after the rectification and whose operation is severely affected, the Futures Regulatory Authority is entitled to revoke the license for some or all of their futures business and close their branches.
(2) applying to the judicial authorities for forbidding them from transferring, remising or disposing of the properties in other ways, or setting other rights over the properties.
Article 61 If shareholders of futures companies falsify or withdraw their capital contribution, the Futures Regulatory Authority shall order them to correct the behaviors within specified period and can order them to transfer their shares in the futures companies.
The Futures Regulatory Authority can restrict their shareholder's rights before they correct the illegal action and transfer their shares in the futures companies according to the aforesaid requirements.
Article 62 The Futures Regulatory Authority can adopt necessary measures for risk disposal when abnormity occurs in the futures market.
Article 63 The trading and settlement software of the futures companies shall meet the requirements of prudent operation and risk management of futures companies and relevant regulations of the Futures Regulatory Authority on monitoring safe deposit and management of futures margin; otherwise, the Futures Regulatory Authority is entitled to require them to improve or change the software.
The Futures Regulatory Authority can require the suppliers of the aforesaid software to provide relevant materials concerning the software and the latter shall cooperate; however, the former has the obligation of confidentiality for the materials.
Article 64 The futures companies, their relevant shareholders and actual controllers shall report the following issues to the Futures Regulatory Authority in written form within 5 days since they happen: the futures companies are involved in the significant litigations or arbitrations; their shares are frozen or used for guarantee; other significant events.
Article 65 When providing relevant services for relevant market participants including futures exchanges and futures companies, the intermediary service institutions, such as the accounting firms, the law offices and the asset appraisal institutions, shall abide by the futures laws, administrative regulations and relevant state regulations, and provide relevant materials according to the requirements of the Futures Regulatory Authority.
Article 66 The Futures Regulatory Authority shall establish the mechanism of information sharing, coordination and cooperation with relevant authorities.
It can also establish the mechanism of supervision, management and cooperation with its counterparts in other countries and regions for cross-border supervision and management.
Article 67 The Staff in relevant units, including the Futures Regulatory Authority, futures exchanges, margin monitoring institutions and banks for futures margin deposit and management, shall be devoted to their duties, abide by laws, be impartial and honest and guard secrets of the state and business secrets of the parties concerned; meanwhile, they shall not take advantage of their positions for illegitimate interests.
(12) other actions that violate the provisions of the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
Disciplinary action with a penalty between RMB10, 000 and RMB100, 000 should be imposed on person-in-charge and other personnel directly responsible for any of the actions prescribed in the preceding paragraphs.
In case of the action prescribed in the 2nd item of the 1st paragraph under this Article, the over-charged commission fees should be returned.
Providing that authorities of safe depository and monitoring of futures margin have the actions prescribed in the 5th, 6th, 9th, 11th and 12th items of the 1st paragraph under this Article, the penalties prescribed in the 1st and 2nd paragraphs should be imposed on them; providing that depositary banks of futures margin have the actions prescribed in the 9th and 12th items of the 1st paragraph under this Article, the penalties prescribed in the 1st and 2nd paragraphs should be imposed on them.
Article 69 Clearing members of futures exchanges and non-futures companies with any of the following conduct shall be imposed on correction order, warning, confiscation of illegal gains and a penalty of one-five times of their illegal gains; in case of no illegal gains or not more than RMB100,000 illegal gains, a penalty of RMB100,000 to RMB500,000 should be imposed; in serious cases, business suspension for rectification should be ordered.
(8) other actions that violate the provisions of the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
Providing that authorities of safe depository and monitoring of futures margin have the actions prescribed in the 3rd, 7th and 8th items of the 1st paragraph under this Article, the penalties prescribed in the 1st and 2nd paragraphs should be imposed on them.
Article 70 Futures companies with any of the following conduct shall be imposed on correction order, warning, confiscation of illegal gains and a penalty of one-three times of their illegal gains; in case of no illegal gains or not more than RMB100,000 illegal gains, a penalty of RMB100,000 to RMB300,000 should be imposed; in serious cases, the business suspension for rectification or revocation of the license of futures business should be ordered.
(16) other actions that violate the provisions of the futures regulatory authority of the State Council.
A warning and penalty between RMB10, 000 and RMB50, 000 should be imposed on the futures company's person-in-charge and other personnel directly responsible for any of the actions prescribed in the preceding paragraphs; in serious cases, the post qualification and futures practitioners qualification shall be suspended or revoked.
Providing that other futures operating agencies other than futures companies have the actions prescribed in the 8th, 12th, 13th, 15th and 16th items of the 1st paragraph under this Article, the penalties prescribed in the 1st and 2nd paragraphs under this Article should be imposed on them.
Providing that the shareholders, actual controller or other related parties of a futures company entrust others or accept entrustment from others with the holding or management of equity of the futures company without approval, or refuse to cooperate with the inspection by the futures regulatory authority of the State Council, or refuse to fulfill the reporting obligation and submit relevant information or materials according to the provisions, or have false record, misleading statement or significant omission in their submitted or presented information or materials, the penalties prescribed in the 1st and 2nd paragraphs under this Article should be imposed on them.
Article 71 If the futures company conducts any of the following fraudulent activities against its clients, it shall be order for correction and warned. Its illegal gains shall be confiscated;meanwhile, a fine of more than one time and less than five times of illegal gains shall be imposed. If there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains don't reach RMB100,000, a fine of more than RMB100,000 and less than RMB500,000 shall be imposed at the same time. In serious circumstances, the business suspension shall be ordered for rectification or the futures business license shall be revoked.
other fraudulent activities prescribed by the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council.
If the futures company conducts any one of the activities in the preceding paragraph, the heads and other people who are directly responsible shall be warned and fined RMB10,000 to RMB100,000. In serious circumstances, the post qualification and the qualification for futures practitioners shall be suspended or cancelled.
If any unit or individual fabricate and disseminate false information about futures transactions and disrupt the futures trading market, they should be penalized according to provisions of the 1st and 2nd paragraphs of this article.
Article 72 If the futures company and other futures business institutions, non-futures-company clearing members, the custodian bank for futures deposit provide false application documents or adopt other fraudulent means to hide important fact for obtaining futures business license, the futures business license shall be cancelled and illegal gains shall be confiscated.
Article 73 Insiders of insider information about futures transaction or persons who illegally obtain insider information about futures transaction use the insider information in futures transaction, or divulge insider information to others to let them use the insider information in futures transaction before the disclosure of information having significant impact on the futures transaction price, the illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine of one to five times of the illegal gains shall be imposed at the same time. If there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains don't reach RMB100,000, a fine between RMB100,000 and RMB500,000 shall be imposed. If a unit engages in insider trading, the heads or others who are directly responsible shall be warned and a fine between RMB30,000 and RMB300,000 shall be imposed at the same time.
If any staff of the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council, the futures exchanges or the regulatory institution for the safe custody of the futures deposit conduct insider trading, the penalty shall be severe.
Article 74 If any unit or individual engages in any of the following activities to manipulate the futures trading price, correction shall be ordered, and illegal gains shall be confiscated, and a fine of one to five times of the illegal gains shall be imposed at the same time. If there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains don't reach RMB200,000, a fine between RMB200,000 and RMB1 million shall be imposed.
other activities for manipulating futures trading price prescribed by the futures supervision and administration authority of the State Council.
If a unit conducts any of the activities in the preceding paragraph, the heads or others who are directly responsible shall be warned and a fine between RMB10,000 and RMB100,000 shall be imposed at the same time.
Article 75 Delivery warehouses which have one of behaviors listed in the section 2, article 39 of the Regulation shall be instructed to conduct rectification and given warnings. The illegal earnings shall be confiscated and a fine of 1-5 times of the illegal earnings will be penalized; if there is no illegal earnings or the illegal earnings is less than RMB100,000, the fine will be between RMB100,000 and RMB500,000; when the circumstances are serious, the futures exchange shall be instructed to be suspended or its qualification of delivery warehouse be canceled. Directors in direct charge and other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be given warnings and fined a penalty between RMB10,000 and RMB100,000.
Article 76 State-owned or state-controlled enterprises, which violate the Regulation and relevant regulations of the stated-owned assets supervision and administration institution of the State Council and other relevant departments on enterprises' entry into the futures market with stated-owned assets to conduct futures trading, or units and individuals, which illegally use credit funds or financial funds to conduct futures trading, shall be given warnings; the illegal earnings shall be confiscated and a fine of 1-5 times of the illegal earnings will be penalized; if there is no illegal earnings or the illegal earnings is less than RMB100,000, the fine will be between RMB100,000 and RMB500,000. Directors in direct charge and other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be given disciplinary punishment from degrading to dismission.
Article 77 Domestic units or individuals that violate regulations to do overseas futures trading shall be instructed to conduct rectification and given warnings. The illegal earnings shall be confiscated and a fine of 1-5 times of the illegal earnings will be penalized; if there is no illegal earnings or the illegal earnings is less than RMB200,000, the fine will be between RMB200,000 and RMB1,000,000; when the circumstances are serious, the overseas futures trading shall be suspended. Directors in direct charge and other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be given warnings and fined a penalty between RMB10,000 and RMB100,000.
Article 78 Any unit or individual, who illegally establishes a futures exchange, futures company and other futures operating institution, does futures trading without authorization, or organizes futures trading activities in disguised form, shall be banned; the illegal earnings shall be confiscated and a fine of 1-5 times of the illegal earnings will be penalized; if there is no illegal earnings or the illegal earnings is less than RMB200,000, the fine will be between RMB200,000 and RMB1,000,000. Directors in direct charge and other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be given warnings and fined a penalty between RMB10,000 and RMB100,000.
Article 79 If futures companies refuse to cooperate with the futures supervision and administration institution of the State Council in investigating the trading and settlement software, or refuse to provide relevant software material to the institution according to regulations or there exist falsehood and serious omission in the software material, they shall be instructed to conduct rectification and fined a penalty between RMB30,000 and RMB100,000. Directors in direct charge and other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be given warnings and fined a penalty between RMB10,000 and RMB50,000.
Article 80 If intermediary service institutions including accounting firms, law firms and assets appraisal institutions fail to conducted due diligence and issue documents with false records, misleading statement or serious omission, they shall be instructed to conduct rectification; the business income shall be confiscated and relevant business certificate shall be suspended or revoked, with a fine of 1-5 times of the business income penalized. Directors in direct charge and other personnel with direct responsibilities shall be given warnings and fined a penalty between RMB30,000 and RMB100,000.
Article 81 Any unit or individual violates the Regulation and when the circumstances are serious, the futures supervision and administration institution of the State Council shall proclaim that the individual, the unit or the direct responsible personnel is banned from entering into the futures market.
Article 82 If staff of relevant units including the futures supervision and administration institution of the State Council, the futures exchanges, the futures deposit safety deposit supervision institutions and the futures deposit depository banks leak state secrets or commercial secrets of members and customers, or commit illegalities for personal gains, neglect their duties, abuse their powers and accept bribes, they shall be given disciplinary sanction or disciplinary punishment according to laws.
Article 83 If anyone violates the Regulation and the violation constitutes a crime, the criminal responsibilities shall be pursued according to laws.
Article 84 The administrative punishment in the Regulation towards illegal acts is decided by the futures supervision and administration institution of the State Council; when the act involves in the legitimate authority of other relevant departments, the institution shall dispose of it jointly with other relevant departments; when the act belongs to the legitimate authority of other departments, the institution shall transfer it to other departments for disposal.
(1) Futures contract refers to a standardized contract prepared uniformly by the futures exchange for delivering a certain quantity of target at a specified time and place in the future. According to the target under the contract, a futures contract may be a commodity futures contract or a financial futures contract. Targets of the commodity futures contracts include agriculture products, industrial products, energy, other commodities and relevant index products while targets of the financial futures contracts include financial products including securities, interest rate and exchange rate and relevant index products.
(2) Options contract refers to a standardized contract prepared uniformly by the futures exchange for entitling a buyer to purchase or sell a given target (including the futures contract) at a specified price during a specified period of time in the future.
(3) Margin refers to the funds deposited by a futures trader for settlement and performance guarantee.
(4) Settlement refers to capital liquidation and transfer in accordance with the profit and loss of the two parties of the transaction at the settlement price set by the futures exchange.
(5) Delivery refers to a process whereby the two parties of the transaction close out a mature open contract by transferring the ownership of the target specified in the contract or settling the price differential in cash at the set settlement price according to the rules and procedures of the futures exchange.
(6) Closing a position refers to an act of completing the future trading whereby a futures trader purchases or sells the contract with the same variety, quantity and delivery month but in the opposite trading direction in the existing contract.
(7) Position refers to the amount of open contracts held by a futures trader.
(8) Position limit refers to the maximum position held by a futures trader set by the futures exchange.
(9) Warehouse receipt refers to a standardized bill of lading issued by the delivery warehouse and recognized by the futures exchange.
(10) Limit up and limit down refers to a price limit for the transactions made within a trading day. A quotation that goes beyond the price limit will be deemed invalid and the transaction will not be concluded.


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What is the significance of Moneta in Dan Simmons' science fiction novel The Fall of Hyperion?
Walter Fischer
Dan Simmons' 1990 science fiction novel The Fall of Hyperion, one of a trilogy, is a complicated story involving time-travel and ill-defined characters and concepts. Consequently, there really is no simple answer to the question of "what is the significance of Moneta" to the story. Besides the narrator, one of the main characters in Simmons' novel is a military officer named Colonel Fedmahn Kassad. Colonel Kassad has fought, both in "reality" and in simulated battles wars that extended throughout human history and well into the future. A constant presence throughout these journeys through time has been Moneta. Moneta mysteriously appears to make love to Kassad, such as in the following passage in which the colonel recalls their first encounters, during the Battle at Agincourt:
"Moneta had first come to Kassad at Agincourt on a late-October morning in a.d. 1415. The fields had been strewn with French and English dead, the forest alive with the menace of a single enemy, but that enemy would have been the victor if not for the help of the tall woman with short hair, and eyes he would never forget. After their shared victory, still dappled with the blood of their vanquished knight, Kassad and the woman made love in the forest."
And, in the following passage, Moneta's mysterious and inexplicable presence again confounds both Colonel Kassad and the reader:
"Fedmahn Kassad and the shadow named Moneta had made love in the quiet corners of battlefields ranging from Antietam to QomRiyadh. Unknown to anyone, unseen by other stimsim cadets, Moneta had come to him in tropical nights on watch and during frozen days while under siege on the Russian steppes. They had whispered their passion in Kassad's dreams after nights of real victory on the island battlefields of Maui^Cffvenant and during the agony of physical reconstruction after his near-death on South Bressia. And always Moneta had been his single love--an overpowering passion mixed with the scent of blood and gunpowder, the taste of napalm and soft lips and ionized flesh."
The difficulty in explaining Moneta's identity and role in The Fall of Hyperion, however, lies in the author's deliberately vague descriptions. Moneta is identified in different parts of the story as possibly interchangeable with the equally mysterious and ill-defined "Shrike" that apparently seeks Colonel Kassad and his men's demise ["Colonel Kassad continues with his twin obsessions of finding the woman named Moneta and of killing the Shrike. He is aware that they may be one and the same."], and, towards the end, Moneta and Rachel, the biblical scholar Sol Weintraub's daughter, are revealed to be one and the same, but how and why is left uncertain. Because The Fall of Hyperion involves so much time travel and so little useful detail regarding Shrikes and Moneta, the significance of the latter is difficult to articulate. She could be a metaphor for mankind's inexplicable need to decimate each other, as she regularly appears in the midst of fighting and invariably compels Colonel Kassad to have sex with her, and the presumed parallels between sexual activities and war have been drummed into our collective heads for decades. She could function as a spy for the Shrike, or could actually be the Shrike. Probably, the greatest significance of Moneta lies in the claim by Rachel to be Moneta. Throughout the book, Rachel is presented as an infant being cradled by her father, Sol Weintraub. Weintraub, as noted, is a biblical scholar whose writings about the Old and New Testament may provide glimpses into whatever message Simmons is trying to convey, such as with the following:
"Weintraub had dealt with the New Testament's message as a presage of a new stage in that relationship--a stage wherein mankind would no longer sacrifice its children to any god, for any reason, but where parents . . . entire races of parents . . .would offer themselves up instead. Thus the Twentieth Century Holocausts, the Brief Exchange, the tripartite wars, the reckless centuries, and perhaps even the Big Mistake of '38. Finally, Weintraub had dealt with refusing all sacrifice, refusing any relationship with God except one of mutual respect and honest attempts at mutual understanding."
Rachel is aging in reverse, from a 26-year-old woman to a baby. She will die on her first birthday. Rachel had returned from an archaeological expedition to Hyperion, contracting a fatal disease known as "Merlin's sickness." Weintraub's deep interest in biblical studies, especially with the notion of total obedience to God and with the Abrahamic experience of being ordered to sacrifice one's child, has clearly colored his perspective, especially with Rachel's contraction of a fatal disease that is causing her to age backwards. As Simmons writes,
"Sol heard the answer in his mind even as he groped for the words. There would be no More offerings. Not this day. Not any day. Humankind had suffered enough for its love of gods, its long search for God. He thought of the many centuries in which his people, the Jews, had negotiated with God, complaining, bickering, decrying the unfairness of things but always--always--returning to obedience at whatever the cost. . . Sol had solved Abraham's problem of obedience to a God turned malicious. Obedience could no longer be paramount in relations between humanity and its deity. But when the child chosen as sacrifice asked for obedience to that God's whim?"
So, if Rachel and Moneta are one the same, and Rachel is representative of biblical prophecy, and Moneta always appears in the midst of massive violence to make love to a warrior, then one can conclude that Moneta's significance is as a divine presence guiding mankind to its end of days. This, however, is pure speculation. Weintraub sacrifices Rachel by giving her to the Shrike or, as Simmons wrote, "Sol Weintraub had handed his only child to a creature of death." By sacrificing his daughter, Weintraub demonstrated that he was beyond the reach of any God or, as described in the novel,
"By denying the sacrifice at the last moment, by stopping the knife, God had earned the right--in Abraham's eyes and the hearts of his offspring--to become the God of Abraham."
By following through and sacrificing Rachel, Weintraub could assess that no God was above him. Which brings us back to Moneta. Near the end of The Fall of Hyperion, Simmons attempts to resolve some of the mystery surrounding this mysterious figure. Rachel's revelation that she is Moneta occurs as follows:
"Colonel Kassad knew you as Moneta," said Martin Silenus.
"Wi// know me as Moneta," said Rachel, her eyes clouding. "I have seen him die and accompanied his tomb to the past. I know that part of my mission is to meet this fabled warrior and lead him forward to the final battle. I have not truly met him yet." She looked down the valley toward the Crystal Monolith. "Moneta," she mused. "It means 'Admonisher' in Latin. Appropriate. I will let him choose between that and Mnemosyne--'memory'--for my name."
Moneta is apparently a messenger, but precisely what is the nature of that message is impossible to ascertain, unless one can communicate with Dan Simmons.
Importance Of Studying Literature
What are the similarities between academic and non-academic texts?
Why Do We Need To Study Literature
What are elements of prose?
What are the differences between traditional literature and modern literature. Compare and contrast, using bullet points.
Latest answer posted October 13, 2011 at 11:31:11 PM
moneta passageDiscuss the significance of the Moneta passage in "THE FALL OF HYPERION"?
Latest answer posted January 14, 2011 at 4:29:03 PM
What is your opinion about science fiction?
Latest answer posted July 11, 2012 at 10:07:21 PM
Why is the field of science fiction largely dominated by men?Why is the field of science fiction largely dominated by men?
12 Educator answers
What is the novel? When did it appear? What is the difference between the novel and fiction? The developments of the English Novel during the eighteenth and nineteenth century
Why do people like to read mysteries? How is a mystery different from other fiction novels?Why do people like to read mysteries? How is a mystery different from other fiction novels?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Alberta's first female transport minister praises women in industry as pioneers, early adopters
Alberta's first female transport minister, Rajan Sawhney, was keynote speaker at the Alberta Motor Transport Association/Trucking HR Canada Western Women with Drive event Oct. 29, giving an inspiring message to women in the transportation industry.
Minister Rajan Sawhney
She noted the Covid-19 pandemic has been disproportionately difficult for women, something she saw first-hand in her previous post as minister of community and social services.
"The unemployment rate for women was much higher [than men]," she said. "They were hit much more severely in terms of job losses."
Additionally, many women struggled to manage their home lives when children were home schooling and daycares were shut down. This is referred to as the "shadow pandemic," Sawhney said of the impact on women.
"Women have often worked a double shift, maintaining the household and taking care of children while also pursuing careers," she said. "The pandemic introduced nearly a triple shift with online schooling, issues with childcare, and it had a significant impact on the psyche and mental health of women."
To make matters worse, she noted domestic violence cases escalated due to the "echo pandemic," referring to its effect on mental health. "The government has to do concerted work and effort to ensure women are supported as we navigate the remainder of the pandemic," Sawhney said.
She also acknowledged the impact the pandemic has had on the supply chain and labor markets. She said the province didn't have to activate any emergency measures to get essential supplies to their destinations, but was prepared to do so if necessary.
"We never really had to go down that road of true emergency management in terms of the supply chain, but I know many of you in the transportation sector suffered greatly in those early days," she said.
Sawhney noted Alberta will be short about 4,000 truck drivers by 2023.
"That's a very serious issue and something I'm looking into within government," she said, noting she will be working closely with her federal counterparts to come up with solutions.
Sawhney also commended women in the trucking industry for their leadership. She recalled doing a ridealong with a truck driver named Mandeep from India, who overcame many obstacles to earn her Class 1 licence and begin a career as a professional driver.
"Many of you may not think of yourselves as leaders. You most definitely are," Sawhney said. "Even getting spaces and employment in a male-dominated workplace isn't easy. It takes courage, fortitude and entrepreneurial spirit."
She said Mandeep had aspirations of launching her own trucking company and employing more women.
"It's time we think of ourselves as pioneers, and early adopters in so many ways," she said of women in the trucking industry.
In Alberta, it's estimated only 3.5% of truck drivers and 16% of trucking industry employees are women.
"I will talk about it to death, you can mark my words," Sawhney said of that gap and the opportunities for trucking to attract more women.
THRC panel to explore new HR ideas
Volvo updates VNR Electric, adds new configurations
Kenworth rolls out battery-electric, fuel-cell-electric trucks for demonstrations
Kroeplin to lead Rush Truck Centres sales in GTA
Canada's cross-border truck drivers to face vaccine mandate … again
Border-crossing Canadian truckers won't face quarantines, testing under vaccine mandate
BREAKING NEWS: Border-crossing Canadian truck drivers won't face quarantines, testing under vaccine mandate
Unvaccinated cross-border truck drivers face quarantines and screening Jan. 15
Unifor warns of chaos at Vancouver port
TTC to hand out seven scholarships


Shareholder activism is a prominent force in the U.S. stock market today. Hardly a week goes by when we don't hear of a high-profile move by a powerful hedge fund or billionaire tycoon to shake up companies to unlock value and thereby ignite higher stock valuations.
It's a permanent part of the investing landscape and there are a handful of corporate activists who stand out among the rest. One of them is Carl Icahn, founder and controlling shareholder of Icahn Enterprises (IEP) a diversified conglomerate holding company based in New York City.
He is also chairman of Federal-Mogul. Icahn has led or partnered with other entities in the takeover or makeover of a swath of companies that include TWA, U.S. Steel (X) , King Pharmaceuticals, Time Warner, Motorola, Lear Corp. LEA, Tropicana Entertainment (TPCA) , Clorox (CLX) , Family Dollar, Xerox (XRX) , Lyft and several others.
According to Forbes magazine, Icahn had a net worth of $16.7 billion at the end of 2017, making him the 27th-wealthiest person in the Forbes 400. In 2010, Icahn joined the Giving Pledge list, vowing to give away more than half his fortune.
His now famous rivalry with Pershing Square's Bill Ackman over the fortunes of Herbalife (HLF) was a focus of CNBC for several months before Ackman covered his short position for an undisclosed amount (rumors are $300 million) while Icahn banked over $1 billion in a classic Wall Street takedown.
Since then, Icahn Enterprises has seen its many business segments blossom, as the economy and stock market have rewarded shareholders handsomely.
Segments include public stock holdings, auto and heavy-truck parts, marine, railroad, agricultural, off-road, aerospace, power generation, refined fuels, nitrogen fertilizer, gaming, hotels, steel pipe, iron ore, food packaging, planned communities and raw land.
As a master limited partnership, Icahn Enterprises distributes a generous portion of its pass-through cash flow in the form of distributions currently totaling $7.00 per share per year. Of the partnership's 173.58 million shares outstanding, Icahn owns more than 90% of all the stock.
With the stock trading at $67, the current distribution yield is 10.45%. Citigroup (C) owns 7.37 million shares, or around 4.25%, while another 2.7% is spread among various funds. Only about 2.08% of the stock is traded freely in the open market. The stock's average daily volume is roughly 110,000 shares.
The company's financial condition is very robust with adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) doubling from 2016 to 2017.
The company posted first-quarter net income per unit of $0.77 versus an estimate of $0.58. Revenues year over year rose by 16.7% to $5.445 billion versus an estimate of $5.378 billion. This is a clean beat on both the top and bottom lines and demonstrates excellent momentum for the current quarter.
Most of the company's holdings are leveraged to an expanding economy and I think Carl Icahn and his management team have positioned the company beautifully to capture fantastic cash flow and asset appreciation, given the slate of assets they invest in or own. Furthermore, fourth-quarter 2017 revenue growth of 14.8% prompted a 16.7% hike in the quarterly distribution.
Since we are dealing with a market beset by a number of issues, let's follow the money and put some of our high-yield capital behind one of America's most successful businessmen and get paid like royalty to invest alongside him.
Icahn once said, "If you work on Wall Street and want a friend, get a dog." Since entering the brokerage business in 1984, I've worked at Smith Barney, Paine Webber, Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, and I can tell you first-hand that no truer words could be spoken. Let's get long. Buy Icahn Enterprises under $70.
Bryan Perry, a MoneyShow.com contributor and editor of Cash Machine , is an industry-leading expert on growth & income investing.


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Les Nyakes mit Mari Chordà, no titel, 1976
no titel
Les Nyakes was the name of a group of young women from Tarragona, in southern Catalonia, who performed street theatre. Unfortunately, very little is known about them. The activist, poet and artist Mari Chordà (*1942) painted abstract depictions of vaginas (Vaginal 1, 1966) in the 1960s as well as a series of self-portraits during her pregnancy (Autoretrat embarassada [Pregnant Self, 1966]). She later predominately published poetry. After the first women's conference in Barcelona, she founded the café/bar laSal, which served as the headquarters of the women's publishing house laSal: Edicions de les dones (1978–1990), which she managed together with María José Quevedo, Sat Sabater, Montes Solá and Carmen Cases. The Centre de Cultura de Dones Francesca Bonnemaison in Barcelona showed the comprehensive retrospective "Vinc d'una Zona Humida" in 2006-07, and Mari Chordà was also represented in the exhibition "Genealogías feministas en el arte español: 1960-2010" in the MUSAC, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León in 2012-13. Pilar Aymerich also became a well-known photographer of the transition after Franco's death. JE
This photograph taken by the Catalan photographer Pilar Aymerich (*1943) shows
an unannounced action by Les Nyakes during the Primeres Jornades Catalanes de
la Dona, the first Catalan women's conference in Barcelona after the death of the Spanish dictator Franco in 1975. The group wanted to use the intervention to draw attention to the importance of housework as unpaid work. The women performed different chores of domestic cleaning and read poems by Mari Chordà from her collection ... I moltes altres coses (... and many other things, 1976), an illustrated version of which was sold at the conference. The group saw this first women's conference as the perfect opportunity to highlight the slogan "the private is political", which was popular in the women's movement in the 1970s, in a performative act.
Courtesy Pilar Aymerich


Sri Lanka says it will appoint a high-ranking independent committee to probe US claims of human rights abuses during the final phase of its civil war.
The US state department submitted a report last week to Congress, outlining serious violations allegedly committed by Sri Lanka's army and Tamil rebels.
The United Nations has previously called for an inquiry to determine if war crimes were indeed committed.
In May Sri Lanka defeated Tamil rebels after a bitter 26-year civil war.
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) had been fighting for a separate homeland for Sri Lanka's Tamil minority.
A US state department report on the final months of the conflict released on Thursday cited incidents committed by both sides which it said may have constituted crimes against humanity.
The report - based on first-hand accounts from both sides of the conflict - said most incidents occurred in official no-fire zones.
The Sri Lankan government said the report appeared to be unsubstantiated and that the armed forces were scrupulous in protecting civilians.
"The US state department clearly states in that report that there is no legal basis for this report. Further it adds that they failed to confirm whether any of the incidents highlighted were true," Sri Lanka's human rights minister Mahinda Samarasinghe said.
But he added that the investigation was the correct step to take.
"This is a democratic country; not a military dictatorship. If somebody makes an allegation, it is our duty to investigate. I think the president's decision should be commended by the whole world."
Although the UN has raised concerns about human rights violations in the war, the US was the first country to publish an independent third party report.
The UN has said there are no conclusive estimates of civilian casualties during the final phase of the conflict - but about two weeks before the end of the war it said that 6,500 people had died.
The Sri Lankan military has blamed civilian deaths on the Tigers, saying they used people as human shields.
The army was accused of indiscriminate bombardment and using heavy weaponry in areas where civilians were present.


I haven't had much time in the garden this weekend, but progress continues! The bed that was a mess is much cleaner now. This does make the smoke bush look even sadder than before... i really should give up on him, i think.
The left most hill side has been cleaned up, and i've rearranged the yucca here to fill an empty spot and save it from being engulfed. There are so many poppy seedling here this year!
the senna artemisioides is starting to bloom - and taller than the wall this year!
every year that this stone cactus blooms i'm impressed that it isn't dead. 3 blooms this year!
this combination of green, silver and purple on the hill side makes me happy.
This tube has to be cleaned up some, but i love this combo of plants.
I'll add cleaning up that last tube to the list of things to do, although i'm always so worried that i'll kill the plants by moving them. But some extra soil and new mulch should help them this summer, and i should do it now, before it gets hot again.
All these projects should be enough to keep me busy, but now i've been wondering whether i've made enough progress yet to get to buy more plants... I have to remember we can still get frost for another month or 2! Maybe buying mulch and continuing clean up will help keep me from buying new plants (probably not!).
cedar mulch because it's the one i dislike the least.
Speaking of agaves - there are three in this picture: a. 'Crazy Horse', a. shawii (in the back, with all it's pups) and the one in the foreground that i've lost the tag for.
He's not coming out of that tube until after he's bloomed, and even then, it will be interesting. And i even knew that he would get too big, since i told myself to move him 3 years ago: right here. He was so cute and little then. And of course, i've never found another Mr. Ripple since... I'd like to say that i learned my lesson about planting for final size, etc, but probably not.
Given all the foliage in the pictures, I'm linking to Digging for Foliage Follow Up (even if i didn't do a bloom day post to follow up on). Now let's hope for some more gentle rain and nice gardening weather as we get into spring!


text:
Carolingian Minuscule
A script ultimately developed from Roman Half Uncial and its cursive version, which had given rise to various Continental minuscule scripts, combined with features from the Insular scripts. It was created partly under the patronage of the Emperor Charlemagne (hence Carolingian). With his interest in learning (though he himself learned to write late in life, and maintained that his fingers had been ruined for the pen by being trained to the sword), he sent for the English scholar Alcuin of York to run his palace school and scriptorium.
His scholars copied Roman texts - indeed most of our knowledge of classical literature derives from copies made in the court of Charlemagne - and was thus adopted by Renaissance Italian printers to present their editions. It is the basis of our modern typefaces.
This is fol 51v from the Harley Psalter, BL MS Harley 603, written in Christ Church, Canterbury, somewhere between 1010 and 1030 AD. It is a copy of the Utrecht Psalter, written in Reims c.820, and remarkable for the lively colour drawings which illustrate the themes of each psalm. The Utrecht Psalter is however written in Roman Rustic.
© The British Library
You cannot really read the script here because I had to reduce it so much: it merely shows you the general layout.
1.Transcribe it, paying particular attention to the abbreviations. Feedback
2. Copy out a line, using pen and ink. What do you notice about the mechanics of writing?
3. Describe it in terms of
A. Individual letter forms.
B. Overall aspect;
4.	Describe the layout. Feedback
5. Are there any gaps between the words?
Return to Index Page.
© MEG TWYCROSS 1999


Oh Deer :/ Saabaru down... new car ideas?
So far I've hit 2 deer in my 11 years of driving (and thankfully none on my motorcycle).
My homemade light bar got destroyed and my Hella lights vaporized instantly, but worse was the fact that it shoved my radiator core back about a foot leading to coolant and steam everywhere... It was definitely tow truck time.
The only thing left to do is wait and see what the insurance company says... and of course browse craigslist. Nothing that happened is unfixable, but given that I was at 166k miles and Saabaru body panels can't be as readily available as their Subaru counterparts it might be time for the car to head to the great gravel stage in the sky. Thankfully if that does happen the auto yard where it was towed is only a few miles from my parent's house. I'll need to go reclaim my Sparco Terras/snow tires and Rally Armor mud flaps - everything I used to put my car in Winter Mode©.
On the other hand, maybe they will fix it... but that's not as interesting to think about. I'm in the Saratoga/Albany NY area - anybody have suggestions for a cheap daily that won't make the 2 hours of driving a day I do miserable? El Manuel required, and it must look good with a light bar so I can play rally pilot again. Given the Sparco wheels I have currently I'm leaning towards another Subaru/Saabaru. Should I test the theory that there is no such thing as a cheap WRX? All opinions considered.


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Slave Labor and the Building of the US Capitol
August 23, 2011 August 24, 2011 Brooks D. Simpson19 Comments
It is one of the astonishing facts of the extreme fringes of the Confederate heritage movement that a group of people who claim that they want to bring people the true history display so little understanding of it … in fact, some of them are so busy writing that it leaves them very little time to read the very material they promote … or so it would seem. Nowhere has this been more apparent recently that in the confusion I've seen over the use of enslaved laborers to build the United States Capitol. Apparently this is now understood in some corners as evidence that the Lincoln administration used slaves to build the Capitol (because, after all, Washington DC is also in "the North").
Sometimes ignorance can be so astonishing that it is breath-taking (although an interruption in the supply of oxygen to the brain might explain these bizarre claims).
The United States Capitol was designed in accordance with the flawed architectural designs of one Dr. William Thornton (a slaveholder, by the way) in the 1790s. Enslaved laborers did in fact construct much of the inaugural building, including John Hemings, one of Thomas Jefferson's slaves (you may have heard of another Hemings at Monticello, but I digress). At that time, slavery was legal in the District of Columbia as well as in the bordering states of Virginia and Maryland: President Washington had chosen the site after his secretary of state, Thomas Jefferson, and Congressman James Madison had secured the relocation of the capital southward (note that all three men were slaveholders). For those wanting a more detailed report on the use of enslaved labor at this time, I direct you here.
Over time, the Capitol building underwent several other changes. We've not seen nearly as much research on the role of enslaved labor in those changes. Slavery remained a significant part of life in DC, so much so that the Compromise of 1850 continued to protect slavery in the district while ending the slave trade there (a slave auction stage was located within sight of the Capitol).
In the 1850s, work commenced on a new dome for the Capitol as part of a larger program of expansion (Thornton's design had already been significantly revised by Benjamin Latrobe and Charles Bulfinch). Secretary of War Jefferson Davis played a major role in the design of the Stature of Freedom that adorns the top of the dome: he asked for changes so that it didn't look as if it was advocating freedom for slaves. Davis, of course, was also a slaveholder and later president of the Confederacy. His chief engineer? Montgomery Meigs, who much later was put in charge of relandscaping the grounds around Arlington House (he would eventually be replaced for a short time by William B. Franklin).
Work continued on the Capitol during the Civil War, but the recognition of the use of slave labor involves the building of the original Capitol. Moreover, in 1862 Congress, with Lincoln's enthusiastic support, abolished slavery in the District of Columbia, something Lincoln had first sought during his single term in Congress. Thus slave labor was not available after that time because the slaves in DC had been freed; Maryland followed suit and ended slavery in 1864 (my Confederate heritage fanatics have never alerted me to any efforts by the Confederate Congress to free Confederate slaves, and I don't believe that's how freedom came to southern slaves).
Congress recently recognized the use of enslaved labor in building the Capitol, and has placed two plaques to mark the occasion. Note the dates cited on the plaques … Lincoln was born after this work was completed, making it hard for him to approve this.
Other people have gotten their history confused on this as well. No matter. But at least it will be interesting if some people will simply admit their confusion and acknowledge their error (and no, I'm not going to link to their foolishness … they monitor the blog anyway).
Here's a nice short visual history of these developments down to the present. And here's a C-SPAN episode on testimony before a Congressional committee.


text:
See the SAT scores for every N.J. public high school
By Adam Clark | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com and Carla Astudillo | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
If you had to pick a word to describe the latest New Jersey SAT scores, you can't go wrong with "predictable."
The average score among 2018 high school seniors in New Jersey was 542 in reading and 543 math, for total of 1,085 out of 1,600, according to state data.
That's nearly 20 points above the national average, though plenty of schools posted results far above or far below that number.
Statewide, scores at individual schools followed an long-standing pattern: magnet schools or academies with selective enrollment achieved the state's best results, while scores at traditional high schools strongly correlated to demographics.
Students are most likely to score well if they have parents who attended college and a high family income, according to College Board data.
Use the tool below to find the average SAT scores for 2018 high school seniors at each of New Jersey's public high schools.
NOTE: The state does not publish results for schools with fewer than 10 students participating in the exam.
Carla Astudillo may be reached at castudillo@njadvancemedia.com. Follow her on Twitter @carla_astudi. Find her on Facebook.


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text:
The Fruit Characteristics of Ambon Forest Nutmeg (Myristica fatua Houtt) and Banda Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt)
Karmanah Karmanah Graduate School, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680 and Faculty of Agriculture, Nusa Bangsa University, Jl. KH Sholeh Iskandar Km. 4, Tanah Sareal, Bogor 16166
Slamet Susanto Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680
Winarso Drajad Widodo Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680
Edi Santosa Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.25.2.292
Ambon Forest nutmeg (Myristica fatua Houtt) is one of the endemic plants in Indonesia. The morphological characteristic of Ambon Forest nutmeg is slightly different from that of Banda nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) i.e., it is not used as spices, but its oil is used as a lamp oil. This study aimed to determine the chemical components and essential oils of Ambon Forest nutmeg derived from its seeds, mace, and flesh compared to Banda nutmeg. Extractions of essential oils were performed using a steam hydro-distillation. Analysis of chemical compositions and contents of essential oil was carried out using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) instrument and SNI 06-2388-2006 method. The essential oil contents in Ambon Forest nutmeg were relatively low, i.e., 0.63% in the seeds, 0.30% in the mace, and 0.04% in the flesh compared to Banda nutmeg i.e., 1% in the seeds, 40% in the mace, and 3.5% in the fruit flesh. The chemical compositions of essential oils showed that M. fatua Houtt contained 12 compounds in the seeds, 24 compounds in the mace, and 17 compounds in the fruit flesh, while for Banda Nutmeg, the contents of essential oils were found 18 compounds in the seeds, 10 compounds in the mace, and 15 compounds in the fruit flesh. M. fatua Houtt contained the highest Copaene, i.e., 28.41% in the seeds, 10.42% in the mace, and 23.33% in the fruit flesh. Myristicin, as the main marker compound of nutmeg oil, was also found in Ambon Forest nutmeg i.e., 1.3% in the seeds, 1.16% in the mace, and 5.19% in the fruit flesh. However, these results showed lower contents when compared to Banda nutmeg with Myristicin contents of 8.72% in the seeds, 10.14% in the mace, and 10.46% in the fruit flesh.
Keywords: Essential oil, Myristica fatua Houtt, Myristica fragrans Houtt, Nutmeg
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Q: Retrieve Modified Request URL from $_SERVER -php when browser request the below url

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the htaccess file rule
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In the index.php file have the below the echo statements.
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it display the below output

Request URI:
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Request URI display the original request, how do i get the rewritten Request URI http://test.localhost/index.php?page=mobile

A: Inside your PHP code you can use this code to get rewritten URI:
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People sometimes ask how we plan to teach my kids about money and while I think it's important to teach things like delaying gratification, saving, needs versus wants, it's also helpful to raise kids with an entrepreneurial mindset. And emphasize the benefits of generating ideas, executing on those ideas, creating a plan, learning how to sell, learning how to negotiate. And that brings us to today's guest, JJ Ramberg who is, herself, an entrepreneur, an award-winning financial journalist and host of the popular MSNBC show, Your Business. She is also the co-author of the new children's book: The Startup Club, which tells the story of two school age friends and the ups and downs of running a business together.
JJ is a mom of three and has lots of personal advice on how to engage young kids in discussions around money and business. When she's not writing a book, hosting her TV show or managing a household of five, JJ also operates GoodSearch.com, a company she co-founded with her brother. GoodSearch.com is a search engine that donates 50 percent of revenue to the charities and schools its users designate.
If you'd like to learn more about visit www.goodsearch.com or follow her on Twitter @jjramberg.


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James Carlton Nelson Papers
Home/Archives Spotlight, Collections Guide, Digital Collections, Uncategorized/James Carlton Nelson Papers
A recently acquired collection of papers belonging to longtime Salem educator James Carlton Nelson have yielded a few unexpected surprises. The papers consisting of a number of letters indicate that for some time in the 1910s, Nelson was interested in botany and maintained a robust correspondenc
Portrait of James Carlton Nelson. WHC 0094.023.0008. Panegyric III Awards Program.
e with scholars (professional and amateur) across the country. All while serving as principal of Salem High School.
The papers themselves are full of information about various species of plants, which Nelson was apparently actively collecting and sending to his correspondents for identification and preservation. They also offer an interesting look into scholarship in a pre-digital age.
James Carlton Nelson
By day, James Carlton Nelson was principal of Salem High School, dealing with the day to day needs of students in their academic quests. But in the evenings and on weekends and summer breaks, a newly donated collection of letters to the Willamette Heritage Center reveals that Nelson had another passion: botany. He collected specimens from all over Oregon and carried on correspondence with scholars across the country. His pressed flora specimens even made their way into the Gray Herbarium at Harvard University.
James Carlton Nelson was born in Kentucky in 1867,[1] just two years after the close of the Civil War. Nelson's father was a farmer turned newspaper editor.[2] Nelson was educated at Hannover College in Indiana and began a life-long career in education in Carthage, Missouri. He taught and served as a principal in schools in Iowa, Illinois and Wenatchee, Washington before arriving with his wife Anna Van Horssen Nelson[3] and son Thomas in Salem in about 1914. Nelson worked for Salem High School until his death in 1944, as principal for 15 years, then as principal emeritus and registrar.[4]
Beyond an undergraduate degree in "science," membership in what an obituary calls the "Botany society and Fern society" and a friendship with Willamette University botany professor Morton Peck, Nelson does not appear to have any academic credentials in the field of botany.[5][6] Nevertheless, this new collection of letters donated to the Willamette Heritage Center reveals Nelson maintained a lively correspondence with renowned botanist James Francis MacBride and several others, amateur and professional. In addition to requesting help from MacBride in identifying specimens he had collected, Nelson was also able to help the scholar by sending specimens back to Cambridge for MacBride to use. MacBride referred to Nelson as his one of his "good 'botanical' friends of the far west" and frequently encouraged him to send any specimens he might come across, sometimes mentioning specific materials he was seeking.[7] In a letter dated January 6, 1919, MacBride writes: "We shall indeed be mighty grateful for material from Oregon of Plantago major var. intermedia, because we do not have this variety from farther west than Ontario…"[8] At least 53 specimens collected by Nelson are part of the Gray Herbarium's collections today.
The location notes of the specimens collected seem to indicate that Nelson's collecting expeditions were sometimes quite casual in nature. He found specimens on a "vacant lot on Marion Street" and the "bank of Mill Creek at N. Winter Street" as well as in more exotic locations like on a "dry rocky hillside near Mule Creek" in Curry County and "on old ballast in ship yard" in Portland. One can almost imagine him taking evening walks from his home at 541 Cottage Street SE (and later 104 E. Wilson Street) keeping an eye out for specific species. As he passes "a yard on south Church St." he bends down and snaps off a twig from an interesting shrub. Later, at home he presses the sample between heavy books or in his plant press and by the dim light of the lamp pours over his collection of botanical treatises, systematically crossing out potential classifications based on the shape of the leaves and how they attach to the woody stem. After determining the genus and species, he carefully writes out on a small card the identification, the date and a few short notes about where the piece was found in his curling script.
After more than a half century in education, I think that Principal Nelson would be proud to know that the specimens he sent back to MacBride continue to serve researchers at the Gray Herbarium. Several of his pressings have been digitized and are now available for us at home to view through the Gray Herbarium website. Thanks to the work of our volunteer Lew, you can also read some of the letters sent to Nelson on the Willamette Heritage Center website.
The collection itself consists of 23 letters and a pamphlet. You can see a listing of all the materials here. Perhaps the most distinguished correspondent was a very young James Francis MacBride. At the time of these letters MacBride was working at Gray's Herbarium at Harvard. A selection of letters from MacBride and others have been digitized and are available for reading below.
Carnegie Station, Arizona
Dr. Robertson
Anthriscus cerefolium
Chaerefolium cerefolium
Anthriscus anthriscus
Brodiaea howellii
Plantago subnuda
Barbarea vulgaris
Orobanche comosa
Orobanche arenaria
Phacelia nemoralis
Bambuseae
Anomochloa
Calamochloa fourn
[1] Estimate based on ages in Census records from 1870-1940. See particularly the 1900 Census which lists his D.O.B. as December 1867. 1900 US Federal Census, enumerated 15 June 1900. 2nd Ward, City of Dubuque, Juliene Township, Dubuque, Iowa, sheet 15. It is corroborated in his obituaries in both the Oregon Statesman ("James Carlton Nelson Dies Suddenly Saturday Night, 30 Jan 1944, page 1) and the Capital Journal ("James C. Nelson's Funeral Set for Tuesday at St. Paul's" 31 Jan 1944, page 10) which list his birthdate as 11 Dec. 1867
[2] See U.S. Federal Census Records for William H. Nelson. 1870 US Federal Census Carelton Precint, Boone County, Kentucky, Post Office Rising enumerated 5 July 1870, page no. 14. 1880 US Federal Census Carlton District, Boone County, Kentucky, enumerated 19 June 1880, page 31.
[3] Iowa State Marriage Records. 23 Jul 1904, Sioux, Iowa.
[4] This date estimate comes from the 1937 Clarion annual (Salem High School) which states in reference to Nelson "when a man has spent twenty-three successful years in such an institution – fifteen as principal, eight as principal emeritus – he is quite liable to feel a certain affection and attachment for it…" Subtracting 23 from 1937 provides an approximate arrival date of 1914. There is further discrepancy in his arrival date given in the two obituaries in Salem papers, one stating he arrived in 1915 and one in 1914. See: Oregon Statesman ("James Carlton Nelson Dies Suddenly Saturday Night, 30 Jan 1944, page 1) and the Capital Journal ("James C. Nelson's Funeral Set for Tuesday at St. Paul's" 31 Jan 1944, page 10). The 1915 Clarion Annual (published June 1915) does have Nelson listed as principal (see WHC 0081.007.0001.004). The 1915 Clarion Annual published June 1914 has another man listed as principal (see 0083.001.0010.018). It seems logical to assume that Nelson spent an entire academic year (Sept 1914 – June 1915) as principal, but there is no hard evidence for this. If this is the case, his arrival in Salem would be placed sometime between June 1914 and September 1914.
[5] "James Carlton Nelson Dies Suddenly Saturday Night." Oregon Statesman. 30 Jan 1944, page 1.
[6] "James C. Nelson's Funeral Set for Tuesday at St. Paul's." Capital Journal 31 Jan 1944, pg 10.
[7] Letter dated May 10, 1919 to James C. Nelson from James Francis MacBride. WHC 2016.053.0002, Item 4 page 1.
[8] WHC 2016.053.0002. James C. Nelson Papers, item 15.
Heritage Center2017-11-30T12:38:45-07:00February 16th, 2017|Categories: Archives Spotlight, Collections Guide, Digital Collections, Uncategorized|Tags: Amateur Botanists, Bontany, Gray's Herbarium, Harvard, James Carlton Nelson, James Francis MacBride, Salem, Salem High School|0 Comments
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Known for romance and Opera, Verona is a wonderful place to go for a weekend or city break. There is a lot more to Verona than Romeo and Juliet and visitors will love the thriving foodie scene. Here's what to look out for on the menu in Verona.
In Verona the donkey is a top delicacy. The tradition dates from the Barbarian period when the locals resorted to eating horse and donkey and loved it so much that the tradition continues today. If you are planning on trying the delicacy then check out asino on the menu which means donkey. One of the popular pasta dishes is Donkey Ragu. Look closer in the deli's and you'll see donkey salami which is a definite talking point at picnics.
Verona has some wonderful pastry and cake shops which are definitely worth a visit. Many are flavoured with wine and fruits. Pandoro is the specialty of Verona and mainly seen at Christmas time. Don't forget to check out the gelato shops where you'll find just about every flavour of ice cream imaginable.
Verona is right in the midst of the famous Veneto wine growing region. Take a tour of the vineyards and you'll come across Soave, Valpolicella and also the Bardolino wines. Prosecco is produced north of Verona in the Treviso area and is another famous product from this region.
Whilst most people associate Italy with pasta the area around Verona is famed for its risotto and polenta. This is a popular rice growing area and you'll typically find some delicious creamy risottos on the menus in restaurants. Polenta is a corn flour based dish and you'll see it served with meat and fish in Verona.
Verona is full of foodie surprises and delicacies just waiting to be discovered by visitors.


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Q: How can I give a Linux FTP server a domain name? I have a computer running Arch Linux headless with SSH server and proftpd server. It's for a personal use. But it's a bit annoying to run the IP address every-time to connect to it.
Can I give it a domain name for absolutely free?
Can I use that over the internet?

A: For having a DNS name on the Internet, if you do not mind of having a choice between a couple of silly domain names like whateveryourname.mooo.com, you can use the services of dynamic DNS FreeDNS for free.
Basically you create a free account, and link it to a hostname of your choice suffixed to a couple of fixed domain names for the free tier accounts. Cant remember from the top of my head if the free tier allowed to define up to 6 different hostnames with one account/IP address.
Then they give you a daemon/URL to be accessed with a key, and each time you call it from your VM, the DNS name will be updated with your (dynamic) public address.
As in (demo example):
 curl https://sync.afraid.org/u/CyTXMbtq5cPnLjEg5vKHTPDE/

See my related question, for dealing with updating the name if the DHCP service gives you a different IP address with the VM/machine is online: Better method for acting on IP address change from the ISP?
Having then a DNS name that it is linked to the current IP address, it is far more easier to connect to a machine/service, especially when the IP address changes.
Bonus points: DD-WRT/OpenWRT, and I think PfSense, support FreeDNS on their firmware/OS.
FreeDNS is not the only one dynamic DNS name service with free tiers, you also have got No-IP https://www.noip.com