Ideal for business and leisure travelers alike, this Red Deer hotel in Alberta is conveniently located near shopping, recreation and corporate offices.
No matter what brings you to Alberta, youre sure to find something for everyone. This Best Western hotel is close to premium shopping at Parkland Mall and bustling downtown. Outdoor lovers take advantage of close proximity to the beaches of Sylvan Lake, Discovery Canyon, Canyon Ski Area and the many green spaces and walking trails throughout the city. Sports fans dont have to go far as the hotel is conveniently located near the Collicutt Centre, GH Dawe Centre, Westerner Park/Enmax Centrium, Pidherneys Curling Centre/Kinex Arena and Edgar Athletic Park. Youll find these facilities often packed with athletes and teams of all ages and sports. Our business guests will appreciate the on-site boardroom for small business meetings. In addition to this, guests will find easy access to local businesses, including those at Edgar Industrial and Burnt Lake Business Parks. Also, this Best Western hotel has easy access from the QEII highway and is centrally located between Calgary and Edmonton, allowing for quick day trips into the larger cities.
Each recently renovated guest room features high-speed Internet access, microwave, mini-fridge, comfortable pillow-top mattresses and an ergonomic desk chair perfect for working or relaxing. Take a swim in the indoor pool, relax in the hot tub or enjoy the exercise facility. Guests can also unwind and enjoy in-room movies or cable on a flat screen TV. For the ultimate experience in spacious luxury, be sure to ask about the executive king, premiere or whirlpool suites. Guests can start each morning with a complimentary newspaper and full hot breakfast.
Our friendly team members are dedicated to providing outstanding customer service and are ready to welcome you to this exceptional Red Deer hotel. Book a stay and save today with the Best Western Plus Red Deer Inn & Suites.
Thank you for your comments and expressing your disappointment with your stay at the Best Western Plus Red Deer Inn & Suites. I am very sorry that your visit with us was not what you expected. Would you be willing to contact me via email at manager@bestwesternreddeer.com or phone at 403-346-3555 and we can discuss this further. Again, thanks for letting me know your thoughts and hopefully we can connect directly.
Thank you for your comments and expressing your disappointment with your stay at the Best Western Plus Red Deer Inn & Suites. I am very sorry that your visit with us was not what you expected. Would you be willing to contact me via email at manager@bestwesternreddeer.com or phone at 403-346-3555 ext 1 and we can discuss this further. Again, thanks for letting me know your thoughts and hopefully we can connect directly.
Thank you for this great feedback, we are delighted you had such a fabulous time at our property. We pride ourselves on creating unique and personal experiences for each one of our guests. I will be sharing your wonderful comments with our teams. I hope your days are always fabulous!!


Forty high school student-athletes put their futures in writing Wednesday morning at the annual Education First National Letter of Intent Early Signing Day ceremony at the Waikiki Elks Club.
The group of high school seniors included athletes signing to play baseball, golf, softball, volleyball and water polo.
Notable players that inked their letter of intent is Punahou outside hitter and reigning All-Hawaii Boys Volleyball Player of the Year Ryan Wilcox (University of California, Santa Barbara) and Ally Wada (University of San Francisco), a multi-sport athlete for Hawaii Baptist that was the All-Hawaii Division II Girls Basketball Player of the Year two season ago.
A full list of the signees are listed below.


Albert Cooper in the doorway of his shop.
RS 2012 is slightly different from the original Cooper Scale. As Cooper admitted, there was always room for improvement and this has now been done. That said, I am sure there will be corrections in the future, continuing Cooper's work. The alterations are small, but to those with sensitive ears, they are significant when expressive intonation is employed.
It was a pity that those who criticised RS 2012 did so before trying it. The comments posted here about the new Scale were made before the only prototype was available.
Burkart Flutes have made several flutes to this scale; Stephen Wessel has now started to use this scale on his flutes too.
Flutemakers are welcome to use the figures freely and without acknowledgement, if they wish. The explanation of the Revised Scale 2012 can be seen at http://www.trevorwye.com/cooper1.html and a link at the bottom of that page will take you directly to the figures.


Professor Aswath Damodaran, based at New York University's Stern School of Business, recently participated in a Google discussion session which focused on the value of using stories in business. The discussion centered on how businesses value their stocks by having a compelling story that justifies its financial assumptions.
Professor Damodaran explained how stocks can become runaway stories, which is basically a story that investors firmly believe in. This may lead to them avoiding asking important questions about the company.
He used Tesla Inc (TSLA) as an example of a runaway story, explaining how he had written an analysis of the company in September 2013, in which he estimated Tesla's stock value to be only $67.12 per share even though it was trading at over $168 per share at that time.
Tesla stock (TSLA) has done well over the past three months and beaten the overall market this past year. Yet analyst at Baird felt the stock could improve an additional 30% this year while keeping their current rating of a buy on the stock. This relates to a move from the current $275/share to $335.
The shareholder meeting tomorrow is one thing the company feels could propel the stock higher. CEO Elon Musk tends to make big announcements about new products and company direction at this meetings. Last time Musk announced that he would stay at the helm of the company for at least 4 more years and spoke about the direction of the company towards automatic driving.


Information on the author and study guide.
Biography and information about his books.
Biographical information on the author and an overview of the regional problems of Nigeria.
Information on the author and discussion questions, from Random House Publishing.


text:
set -e -o pipefail

output_on_failure() {
    local message=${1}; shift
    local output
    local status
    printf '%s' "${message}"
    set +e
    output=$("${@}" 2>&1)
    status=$?
    set -e
    ! ((status)) || { printf 'FAIL\n\n%s\n' "${output}"; ! ((status)); }
    printf 'done\n'
}

cd "$(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})"

output_on_failure "Cleaning..." docker-compose rm -f
output_on_failure "Building..." docker-compose build
docker-compose up  # must use "up" instead of "run" for introspection by the tests

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
By The Record Archdiocesan News March 26, 2019
Catholic Relief Services collection is this weekend
May God bless you! This weekend, parishes
take up the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Collection. Your support of this collection assists some of the most marginalized communities all over the globe.
In rural communities Afghanistan, for example, children have limited access to education because of distance and the danger of commuting to public schools. In a remote village in Ghor, one of the poorest provinces of the Afghanistan, an estimated 80% of adults are illiterate, and the illiteracy rate is even higher for women. Most villagers are farmers who never attended school. The closest school is distant and the road too dangerous for young children to attend.
Donations to CRS help bring community-
based classroom to this remote village and make
it possible for the children to attend school, which
has offered them a more hopeful and secure future. For the last 15 years, these efforts have helped more than 23,000 students build lives that are more prosperous.
Your support of this collection makes a difference for so many in need around the globe. Please prayerfully consider your donation this year.
Thank you for your generosity. To learn more about the collection and the people who benefit, please visit www.usccb.org/catholic-relief.
Sincerely yours in our Lord,
Most Reverend Joseph E. Kurtz, D.D.
Archbishop of Louisville
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By Jessica Able, Record Staff Writer FRANKFORT, Ky. — Criminal justice reform and expanding opportunities for educational choice were two key issues presented at…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Online slots fans can look forward to an exciting new game this winter after Microgaming signed a deal to hold exclusive rights to create new titles based on the Tarzan brand. The agreement has been reached with Edgar Rice Burroughs Inc., which owns the brand, and will see the famous character reach a whole new audience.
Burroughs first created the character of Tarzan for his novel Tarzan of the Apes more than a century ago, and the story of the boy raised in the wild who becomes a jungle hero is known and loved throughout the world. The new Hollywood movie, The Legend of Tarzan, has revived interest in the adventure tale and Microgaming is excited about obtaining the rights.
A new game, which will be available on both mobile and desktop, is already in development. It is set to include Jane Porter, the love of Tarzan's life, her father Archimedes and a host of other jungle characters. It will also have lots of fun features and a distinctive soundtrack, including the iconic Tarzan yell.
The new game is set to be launched in the next few months and will continue Microgaming's tradition of bringing out fun new releases. One of their latest offerings, Reel Spinner, can be played now at top online casinos like InterCasino, so why not take a look while you wait for Tarzan to swing into view!


Democracy is passing through difficult times. In its latest edition, London-based weekly The Economist has dedicated several pages discussing the various dimensions of the crisis facing democracy. It established that there is a growing lack of confidence in democracy and suggested a number of steps to improve it so that people's faith in it is restored and good governance is achieved.
Democracy remains the most effective way to tackle terror, stop bloodshed and political violence in Arab countries. When the West deals with the crisis of democracy, it does so by tracking voting trends that are backing a reckless politician like Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump. Western countries are adept at finding the reasons behind low voter turnout in elections or to determine why people are unhappy with the parliament's performance.
While western countries are examining what can be done to revive democracy and to grapple with transformation amid communication revolution, Arab countries like Iraq, Syria, Libya and Yemen are in deep need of democracy to be able to survive and to stop bloodshed that has killed hundreds of thousands.
Arab citizens are losing faith in democracy even though it has been at the forefront of their demands. In Iraq, for example, demonstrators' attack on Parliament clearly indicated the failure of democracy. It was followed by the chaos of demonstrations called by Iraqi cleric Muqtada al- Sadr, demanding political reform.
Unfortunately, the failure of democracy in Iraq will become an excuse for the opponents of democracy. An enthusiast for tyranny would claim that Arab countries cannot be ruled by democracy, while a so-called liberal will insist that people must be prepared and be educated about it. Such opponents of democracy have a strong case now which is the failure of the creation of a viable democratic regime in Iraq.
In fact, the opponents of democracy do not have any other alternative for these countries. They only want restoration of old Arab regimes which collapsed in 2011 after being in power for more than half a century.
They believe old regimes can restore security and stability as they compare the current situation with that of the one-man rules such as that of former Libyan leader Qaddafi or former Egyptian president Husni Mubarak. The use of hashtag "bring back Husni Mubarak" is an example. It clearly reflects the aspirations of some Egyptian people who once thought that breaking free from the cycle of misery, joblessness and tyranny of the regime can only be achieved by getting rid of the head of state.
The idea that only democracy can stop bloodshed should be spread while at the same time regional players should be convinced against the idea of restoring old regimes. Yemenis and Syrians want democracy and exchange of power but such sentences are only found in constitutions of Arab republics and have not been applicable on the ground.
Iraq's new constitution is theoretically a model but has not delivered democracy or respect for the rule of law and human rights. Arab democracy project shall be sponsored by stable Arab countries even if they were not democratic. This must look like a contradiction but do we have a better alternative than this absurd tendency to advocate restoration of old Arab regimes?
One day bloodshed will eventually stop in Arab countries and we should be ready to enable the transformation process and promote stability. When the battle ends, we will find demolished towns and fragmented communities divided along religious, ethnic and regional lines. There won't be a united national army but several militias and no tyrant who prevails by force. The solution would be to impose democracy under international umbrella, to prevent disagreements and to pave the way for the return of federal governments.
Let us take the Libyan example; all attempts to establish stability without democracy have not achieved results. After two years of violence that has almost ruined the country, a large section of the Libyan people is now convinced that democracy, based on consensus and participation, is the only solution under the umbrella of the United Nations.
This solution is needed for other Arab countries as well. They should be aware that supporting one party to impose its control over the rest of the country will lead to more failures in the future. Experience has shown that violence has prevented one party or the other from achieving a decisive victory.
Once the war is over, the greatest support that Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries can provide to Yemen is not making it a member of the GCC, nor a Marshall plan or even billions worth of grant, but by helping it establish democratic mechanism regulating peaceful exchange of power and gathering different parties in a constituent assembly. The same should be implemented in Syria and Iraq. The details could vary but the essence of democracy remains the same.
Stabilizing democracy and driving people to believe in it is the only way forward for peace. After accomplishing this, we should work to develop and rebuild the nation. Stopping bloodshed should be the priority at the moment.
This article first appeared in Al Hayat on June 11, 2016.


text:
[Belgium]
Recherches suggérées
Densimètre portable : DMA 35
Rhéomètre
Appareil de mesure de la masse volumique et de la concentration : EasyDens
Alcool mètre
Vue d'ensemble sur les produits
Produits par type
Produits par industrie
Produits par normes
Vu fréquemment
Analyseurs de taille de particules
Analyseur de CO₂ et d'oxygène
Analyse de boissons en ligne
Point éclair
Appareil d'indentation instrumentée
Analyse de boissons
Tous les types de produit
Services & assistance
Vue d'ensemble des Services & assistance
Service de qualification d'instrument pharmaceutique
Étalonnage conformes ISO 17025
Le Service Agréé Anton Paar
Centres techniques d'Anton Paar
Wiki Anton Paar
Caractérisation des particules
Caractérisation de surface
Vue d'ensemble : Qui sommes-nous ?
Vue d'ensemble des postes et carrières
Synthèse assistée par micro-ondes
Microwave-assisted synthesis
"Microwaves have the potential to become the bunsen burners of the 21st century"- Prof. C. Oliver Kappe, University of Graz, Austria.
Compared to conventional reflux heating, microwave heating in modern reactors allows for increasing yields while significantly reducing reaction times down to a few minutes only. Besides that, the convenience of handling as well as the safety features of modern laboratory reactors are further reasons why more and more chemists worldwide are using microwave heating in their daily laboratory routines.
Here you will find comprehensive background information about microwave synthesis, the appropriate equipment and applications, as well as tools for immediately getting started with microwave synthesis.
Microwave-assisted synthesis: Related information
From reflux to microwave heating
General aspects
Principles of microwave heating
Microwave dielectric heating
Benefits of microwave synthesis
Microwave vs. conventional heating
Domestic microwave ovens vs. dedicated instrumentation
Microwave synthesis publications
Recommended text books on microwave synthesis
FREE application database
A comprehensive collection of more than 1000 reactions that have been successfully synthesized in microwave reactors
FREE microwave synthesis textbook
Get the third edition of the book "A Chemist's Guide to Microwave Synthesis" FREE OF CHARGE.
Do you want to switch from time-demanding reflux chemistry to convenient and efficient sealed-vessel reaction processing? This converter gives you an idea about where to start.
Configuration finder
This tool helps you find the optimal microwave or conventionally heated sealed-vessel reactor for your individual requirements.
Microwave synthesis and related reactors
An overview of the different closed-vessel reactors for microwave synthesis and conventional closed-vessel chemistry
Microwave synthesis - Frequently asked questions
Which types of microwave reactors are available?
How do I perform microwave synthesis without using microwaves?
How do I heat up microwave-transparent reaction mixtures?
How do I avoid erroneous conclusions in microwave synthesis?
Is there a comprehensive book – free of charge – which includes the most important facts, FAQs, appropriate equipment, and application examples in microwave synthesis?
Where can I find a synthesis database including successfully performed syntheses in a microwave reactor as a reference?
Microwave synthesis – videos
Automation in microwave synthesis
How to use a microwave reactor
Microwave synthesis without microwaves
Microwave synthesis – related articles
How Microwave Synthesis Can Help to Change Nanoparticles' Material Properties
An Oscar of Invention" for Anton Paar's Monowave 50 Synthesis Reactor
Why STEM education is so important
The 4S of Microwave Extraction: Speed, Simplicity, Safety and Savings
Classical heating in chemical laboratories is often carried out in reflux systems, where the reaction temperature is usually determined by the boiling point of the used solvent. Superheating to higher temperatures is not possible, since this is an open system which cannot be pressurized.
For these reasons, classical chemical reactions often take quite a long time. For chemical synthesis several hours is not uncommon. It often takes over night or even over the weekend until a reaction is finished and all the starting material has been converted.
The key to accelerating these processes is the Arrhenius law. It states as a rule of thumb that increasing the temperature by 10 °C doubles the speed of a reaction process, so that the reaction can be finished much faster (e.g. a temperature increase of only 20 °C reduces the reaction time to a quarter of the original time).
a reaction which is performed in boiling ethanol (approx. 80 °C) within 8 hours can be performed at 160 °C within only 2 min.
Reaction Temperature
Reaction Time 8 h 4 h 2 h 1 h 30 min 15 min 8 min 4 min 2 min
This principle is used in all commercially available synthesis and sample preparation reactors: reaction vessels are closed and sealed and then heated to temperatures beyond the boiling point of the reaction mixture. This reduces the reaction time and generates reaction products in several minutes compared to hours or even days, since extremely high temperatures can be used.
The bottleneck of conventional synthesis is typically the optimization, i.e. finding the optimum conditions for a specific reaction to obtain the desired products in good yields and purities. Since many synthesis reactions require at least one or more heating steps for long time periods, these optimizations are often difficult and time-consuming. Microwave-assisted heating under controlled conditions has been shown to be a valuable technology for any application that requires heating of a reaction mixture, since it often dramatically reduces reaction times – typically from days or hours to minutes or even seconds. Compounds can therefore be rapidly synthesized in either a parallel or (automated) sequential way using this new promising technology.
The speed at which multiple variations of reaction conditions can be performed allows a morning discussion of "What should we try?" to become an after-lunch discussion of "What were the results?". As a consequence – not surprisingly – most pharmaceutical, agrochemical, biotechnology and material science companies are already heavily using microwave synthesis as major methodology in their chemical laboratories. They have realized the ability of microwave technology to speed up chemical reactions and therefore their whole production process.[1]
"Microwaves do have the potential to become the Bunsen burners of the 21st century."
Prof. C. Oliver Kappe, University of Graz
While fire is nowadays rarely used in order to perform chemical synthesis it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by oil baths or hot plates, while in the 21st century reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular topic in the scientific community.[2]
Microwave energy was originally applied for heating food. It was used for the first time by Percy Spencer in the 1940s and it was not until the mid-1980s, when the first reports on the use of microwave heating to accelerate chemical synthesis were published.[3] In those early days, experiments were typically carried out in sealed Teflon or glass vessels in a domestic household microwave oven without any temperature or pressure measurement. The results were often violent explosions due to the rapid uncontrolled heating of organic solvents under closed-vessel conditions. Nevertheless, in the first 15 years of microwave synthesis, domestic microwave ovens were increasingly used for chemical synthesis.
Figure 1: Number of publications on microwave-assisted organic synthesis (1986-2013).[1] Gray bars: Number of articles involving microwave-assisted organic synthesis (keyword search).[4] Black bars represent the number of publications (2001-2008) reporting microwave synthesis experiments performed in scientific reactors with adequate process control (full text search).[5] Courtesy of Prof. C. O. Kappe, University of Graz.
Figure 1 shows two different graphs. The first one (gray bars) shows that the number of publications using "microwave" as a keyword was significantly increasing over the first 20 years of microwave chemistry. The second graph (black bars) shows the result of a full text search for publications in which dedicated reactors (= reactors which have exclusively been developed for scientific use) have been used for chemical synthesis.[4]
Obviously, as expressed by the exponential growth of the number of publications, there was a dramatic increase of interest in microwave chemistry since dedicated reactors were introduced into the market. This was for obvious reasons: the lack of safety and insufficiently accurate measurement of reaction parameters in domestic microwave ovens and the resulting fact that most of the respected scientific journals (e.g. journals of the American Chemical Society) will not consider manuscripts describing the use of kitchen microwave ovens any more.[6]
As a consequence, the number of users of dedicated microwave reactors is still growing at a rapid rate, and from this trend it appears only to be a question of time until most chemical laboratories will be equipped with suitable microwave instrumentation.[1] A clear indication for that is the significant drop of the publications mentioning "microwave" as a keyword since 2008 (Figure 1, gray bars) while a full text search reveals an annual increase of 1000-1200 publications.[5]
Consequently, microwave heating is no longer considered a curiosity worth mentioning, but a completely established standard method for heating reaction mixtures, such as other usual laboratory equipment like hotplates or rotary evaporators.[1]
Figure 2: The spectrum of electromagnetic waves
Microwave irradiation is electromagnetic irradiation in the frequency range 0.3 to 300 GHz, corresponding to wavelengths between 1 mm to 1 m (see Figure 2). All domestic "kitchen" microwave ovens as well as commercially available dedicated microwave reactors for chemical synthesis operate at a frequency of 2.45 GHz (corresponding to a wavelength of 12.25 cm).
As can be precisely calculated, the energy of microwave irradiation is too low to cleave molecular bonds.[7] It is therefore clear that microwaves cannot "induce" chemical reactions by direct absorption of microwave power. However, microwave irradiation provides unique thermal effects, which are highly beneficial for chemical synthesis.Cleaving molecular bonds and therefore inducing chemical reactions is only possible employing irradiation with higher energy (e.g. UV or visible light => photochemistry).
Microwave chemistry is based on the efficient heating of materials (in most cases solvents) by dielectric heating effects. Dielectric heating works by two major mechanisms:
Dipolar polarization (see Figure 3)
For a substance to be able to generate heat when irradiated with microwaves it must be a dipole, i.e. its molecular structure must be partly negatively and partly positively charged. Since the microwave field is oscillating, the dipoles in the field align to the oscillating field. This alignment causes rotation, which results in friction and ultimately in heat energy.
Ionic conduction (see Figure 3)
During ionic conduction, dissolved (completely) charged particles (usually ions) oscillate back and forth under the influence of microwave irradiation. This oscillation causes collisions of the charged particles with neighboring molecules or atoms, which are ultimately responsible for creating heat energy.As an example: if equal amounts of distilled water and tap water are heated by microwave irradiation, more rapid heating will occur for the tap water because of its ionic content in addition to the dipolar rotation of water molecules.
Figure 3: Schematic illustration of the two main dielectric heating mechanisms: dipolar polarization (dipoles align in the microwave field) and ionic conduction (ions move in the microwave field).
Microwave heating of gases and solids…
…is hardly possible! Gases cannot be heated under microwave irradiation, since the distance between the rotating molecules is too wide. Similarly, solid materials like ice are (nearly) microwave transparent, since the water dipoles are bound in the crystal lattice and cannot move as freely as in the liquid state. However, some conductive solid materials, like silicon carbide, where electrons can move freely, are excellent microwave absorbers and therefore heat very quickly.
With dielectric heating, electric energy is converted into kinetic energywhich is ultimately converted into heat.
Figure 4: Definition of the loss factor tan δ and of the components that determine this factor (dielectric loss and dielectric constant).
As the term "dielectric heating" suggests, a material must possess certain dielectric properties in order to be efficiently heated in the microwave field. The heating characteristics of a particular material (e.g. a solvent) under microwave irradiation conditions are dependent on the ability of a specific substance to convert electromagnetic energy into heat. This ability is determined by the so-called loss tangent, tan δ (Figure 4).
The tan δ values for some commonly used organic solvents are summarized in Table 2. This table shows the classification of solvents into high (tan δ > 0.5), medium (tan δ 0.1-0.5), and low microwave absorbing (tan δ < 0.1). Solvents without a dipole moment, such as benzene and dioxane, are more or less microwave transparent (tan δ < 0.01).
A solvent with a high tan δ (see Table 1) is required for rapid heating in the microwave field. However, this does not mean that solvents with low tan δ values cannot be used for microwave synthesis. Since either substrates or reagents/catalysts are likely to be polar, the overall dielectric properties of a reaction mixture will in most cases allow sufficient heating by microwaves, even with non-polar solvents. If, however, the mixture is non-polar, passive heating elements can be added to aid the heating process.
High (> 0.5) Medium (0.1 - 0.5) Low (< 0.1)
Solvent tan δ Solvent tan δ Solvent tan δ
Ethylene glycol 1.350 2-Butanol 0.447 Chloroform 0.091
Ethanol 0.941 Dichlorobenzene 0.280 Acetonitrile 0.062
DMSO 0.825 NMP 0.275 Ethyl acetate 0.059
2-Propanol 0.799 Acetic acid 0.174 Acetone 0.054
Formic acid 0.722 DMF 0.161 THF 0.047
Methanol 0.659 Dichloroethane 0.127 Dichloromethane 0.042
Nitrobenzene 0.589 Water 0.123 Toluene 0.040
1-Butanol 0.571 Chlorobenzene 0.101 Hexane 0.020
Table 1: Commonly used organic solvents classified according to their heating efficiency (tan δ) in the microwave field.[1]
Polar mixtures are needed for efficient microwave heating.
In general, the interaction of microwave irradiation with matter is characterized by three different processes: absorption, transmission and reflection (Figure 5). While highly dielectric materials, like polar organic solvents, lead to strong absorption of microwaves and consequently to a rapid heating of the medium, non-polar (microwave transparent) materials show only small interactions with microwaves (transmission). Microwaves pass through such materials. This makes them suitable as construction materials for reactors. If microwave radiation is reflected by the material surface, there is almost no introduction of energy into the system.
Figure 5: Interaction of different materials with microwaves: electrical conductors (e.g. metals), absorbing materials (e.g. solvents) and insulation materials (e.g. Teflon, glass, quartz).
Figure 6: Graphical illustration of heat introduction and temperature distribution in(to) a reaction mixture for (a) conventional heating and (b) microwave heating. While conventionally the heat comes from the outside and goes into the reaction mixture by convection currents (resulting in a very hot vessel wall), microwaves go through the almost microwave-transparent vessel wall and directly heat the reaction mixture on a molecular basis.
Traditionally, organic synthesis is carried out by refluxing a reaction mixture using a hot oil bath as a heat source. However, this way of heating a reaction mixture is comparatively slow and energy inefficient, since first the heat energy is transferred from the hot oil bath to the surface of the reaction vessel, and then the hot surface heats the content of the reaction vessel (see Figure 6, entry a). Furthermore, the hot surface can lead to local overheating and to decomposition of sensitive material.
In contrast, microwave irradiation results in energy efficient internal heating by direct coupling of microwave energy with dipoles and/or ions that are present in the reaction mixture. Microwaves pass through the (almost) microwave-transparent vessel wall (see Figure 5, transmission) and heat the reaction mixture on a molecular basis – by direct interaction with the molecules (solvents, reagents, catalysts, etc., see Figure 5, absorption). Due to this direct "in-core" heating (no initial heating of the vessel surface), microwave irradiation results in inverted temperature gradients as compared to a conventionally heated system (Figure 6, entry b).
Furthermore, the conversion of electromagnetic energy into heat energy works highly efficiently and results in extremely fast heating rates – not reproducible with conventional heating. Due to the rapid heating to the target temperature, the formation of byproducts is suppressed. This is another huge advantage of microwave heating, since it means that higher product yields can be achieved and the work-up is simplified.
help to minimize wall effects since the vessel wall is not directly heated.
provide a more energy efficient way of heating (direct "in-core" heating).
allow faster heating of a reaction mixture.=> less byproducts, higher yields and simplified work-up!
In the early days of microwave synthesis, household microwave ovens were extensively used in chemical laboratories. Although nowadays dedicated instrumentation is available, there are still chemists who use kitchen microwave ovens for scientific purposes.However, most major scientific journals no longer accept manuscripts wherein domestic ovens have been described as a heating source,[6] since there are serious scientific and also practical reasons why dedicated instrumentation should be preferred:
Domestic microwave ovens have exclusively been developed for household purposes. Therefore, such ovens do not provide any active safety features for chemical synthesis. If nevertheless used for chemical reactions, household ovens will not protect the chemist in case of unexpected reaction behavior.
As it is the highest priority of an instrument manufacturer to provide the utmost safety for the user, dedicated instrumentation has numerous safety features implemented in order to allow safe processing, even under extreme temperature and pressure conditions. At 300 °C and 80 bar, safe processing is still guaranteed!
Possibility of superheating
Superheating of solvents in sealed vessels is the key advantage in microwaves synthesis, since due to the Arrhenius law, the reaction times can be shortened considerably!
In open vessel systems, the potential time-saving benefit is limited. Therefore, microwave synthesis in sealed vessels gives access to a much wider range, applying temperatures far above the boiling point of the used solvent(s). Dedicated microwave reactors allow the reaction vessels to remain completely sealed throughout the whole experiment process and therefore act as highly convenient autoclaves, which can quickly and efficiently heat reaction mixtures up to 300 °C and 80 bar.
Excellent parameter control
Domestic microwave ovens do not allow reaction parameter control, since this is not necessary for simply heating food to eatable temperatures. A kitchen microwave oven therefore does not provide any possibility to measure the temperature of the reaction mixture. However, this is the key parameter for chemical synthesis!
In contrast to domestic microwave ovens, dedicated microwave reactors are usually equipped with IR sensors for reaction temperature control, pressure sensors to monitor the reaction pressure in the closed vessels and a magnetic stirrer to enable proper agitation. Often optional immersing temperature probes for more accurate internal measurement of the reaction temperature are available. Figure 7 shows an example heating profile of a typical microwave experiment, in which the parameters are accurately measured and recorded throughout the whole experiment process.
Figure 7: Heating profile of a reaction mixture heated to 300 °C for 10 minutes. The instrument records temperature, pressure and power during the whole experiment. A typical experiment process consists of three steps: (a) heating to a certain temperature, (b) holding the temperature for a certain time and (c) cooling down.
Automation and parallel synthesis
Since time equals money, tools for improving the economic efficiency are always highly appreciated. Besides the great advantages that result from microwave heating per se, dedicated microwave instrumentation allows for an additional efficiency improvement, since in contrast to domestic microwave ovens they enable you to adapt two valuable approaches for your laboratory workflow:
Automated sequential processing, where reactions are processed one-by-one overnight in a completely unattended way, employing an autosampler unit which is compatible with the microwave reactor.
Performing reactions in parallel, where up to almost 200 reactions can be performed within one single microwave experiment.
Parallel techniques from high-throughput reaction screening to parallel scale-up as well as exploiting the economic advantages of automated sampling units are well-established methods nowadays. These techniques cannot be served by domestic ovens in such a convenient and efficient way.
In contrast to domestic ovens, dedicated microwave reactors feature an in-built magnetic stirrer, which is of great importance since without proper agitation the temperature distribution within the reaction mixture will not be uniform and the measured temperature will be dependent on the position of the temperature sensor, as clearly demonstrated in Figure 8.
Figure 8: (a) Sealed reaction vial filled with 5 mL NMP and with 3 fiber optic probe thermometers immersed at different heights. (b) Temperature profiles (three internal fiber optic probes and one external IR sensor) when irradiating setup A at const. 50 W magnetron output power. Magnetic stirring reduces the temperature differences between the individual fiber-optic probes from max 36 °C to less than 6 °C (adapted from Ref. [8]). Reprinted with permission from: J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73 (1), 36-47. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.
As a consequence, even completely homogeneous solutions need to be stirred when employing microwave heating, since otherwise efficient agitation cannot be ensured and temperature gradients may develop. In cases of e.g. solvent-free or dry-media reactions and for very viscous or biphasic reaction mixtures where standard magnetic stirring is not effective, extreme care must be taken in determining the proper reaction temperature since adequate mixing cannot be assured.
Continuous power output
Domestic microwave ovens usually provide a pulsed irradiation mode for heating. This means that a setting of e.g. 500 W will result in pulsed 1000 W power peaks, so that an average of 500 W is applied (Figure 8a). This way of heating is sufficient for household applications. However, it can be very dangerous when used for chemical synthesis, since such power peaks force the formation of hot spots and the risk of spontaneous non-controllable exotherms.
In order to reduce the occurrence of hot spots as well as to minimize the risk of thermal runaways, dedicated reactors provide continuous power output (Figure 8b). This allows you to apply exactly the amount of microwave power which is needed in order to reach or hold the set reaction temperature.
Figure 9: Applied microwave power profile for an experiment at 500 W (a) in a pulsed mode application (domestic microwave oven), and (b) in a reactor providing the possibility of continuous power output.
Besides scientifically and economically important advantages, dedicated instruments also provide advantages in terms of handling and programming. They are usually equipped with an intuitive user interface that is operated via touchscreen, where the software supports on-screen monitoring and editing of running experiments, automatic data recording as well as data management on the instrument or on a PC.
Benefits of microwave synthesis in dedicated microwave reactors
⇒ possibility of convenient superheating of solvents
achieve higher temperatures
dramatically shorten your overall process time
obtain higher yields and purer compounds
⇒ excellent parameter control
improved reproducibility
utmost handling convenience
⇒ access to automated setups and parallel synthesis
improves your efficiency
time equals money!
⇒ possibility of stirring
improve the temperature homogeneity
increase the scientific validity of your results
⇒ continuous power output
sophisticated reaction control
safe and smooth processing
⇒ intuitive user interface via touchscreen
convenient programming and data management
automatic data recording
⇒ utmost safety even under high temperature/pressure conditions
Your free guide to microwave synthesis
Are you an experienced microwave chemist, or completely new to the field of microwave synthesis?
The comprehensive resource "A Chemist's Guide to Microwave Synthesis" will help you move forward!
Get your free copy now
C. O. Kappe, A. Stadler, D. Dallinger, Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2nd Edition, 2012, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
(a) N. Leadbeater, Chemistry World 2004, 1, 38; (b) D. Adam, Nature 2003, 421, 571; (c) V. Marx, Chem. & Eng. News 2004, 82, 14; (d) A. Yarnell, Chem. & Eng. News 2007, 85, 32.
(a) R. Gedye et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 279; (b) R. J. Giguere et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4945.
SciFinder scholar search (keyword search: "microwave") for seven selected synthetic organic chemistry journals: J. Org. Chem., Org. Lett., Tetrahedron, Tetrahedron Lett., Synth. Commun., Synthesis, Synlett.
SciFinder scholar search (full text search: "microwave") for approx. 50 journals. Data for recent years are not available but are estimated to be far higher than for 2008 (in the range of approx. 1000 to 1200 publications per year).
J. Org. Chem. 2015, Author Guidelines.
E. Neas, M. Collins, in Introduction to Microwave Sample Preparation: Theory and Practice (Eds.: H. M. Kingston, L. B. Jassie) 1988, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
M. A. Herrero, J. M. Kremsner, C. O. Kappe, J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 36.
Here is a list of interesting and relevant scientific publications on microwave synthesis of the last decade.
Metal-catalyzed reactions
Aminopyrimidine class aggregation inhibitor effectively blocks Aβ-fibrinogen interaction and Aβ-induced contact system activation, P. K. Singh et al., Biochemistry 2018, 57, 1399.
Metallosurfactant based Pd-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles as proficient catalyst in Mizoroki Heck Coupling Reaction, N. Kaur et al., Green Chem. 2018, 20, 1506.
Complex Polycycles from Simple Propargyl Alcohols through Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions and One-Pot Procedures, E. Jäckel et al., Synthesis 2018, 50, 742.
Divergent synthesis of 1,2-benzo[e]thiazine and benzo[d]thiazole analogs containing a S-trifluoromethyl sulfoximine group. Preparation and new properties of the Adachi reagent, A.-L. Barthelemy et al., J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 4086.
Synthesis of N-heterocycles
Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of new phenanthrene fused-tetrahydrodibenzo-acridinones as potential cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents, N. P. Kumar et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2018, 151, 173.
Copper complexes bearing C-scorpionate ligands: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity for azide-alkyne cycloaddition in aqueous medium, A. G. Mahmoud et al., Inorg. Chim. Acta 2018, 483, 371.
Organocatalytic aza-Michael Reaction to 3-Vinyl-1,2,4-Triazines as a Valuable Bifunctional Platform,
F. Buttard et al., J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 3702.
Telescoped synthesis of C3-functionalized (E)-arylamidines using Ugi–Mumm and regiospecific quinazolinone rearrangements, V. A. Jaffett et al., Org. Biomol. Chem. 2019, 17, 3118.
Aziridination and aza-Wharton Reactions of Levoglucosenone, E. T. Ledingham et al., Aust. J. Chem. 2019, 72, 362.
Synthesis of O- and S-heterocycles
Microwave-assisted synthesis of novel benzodifuran-based bis(N-(het)arylthiazol-2-amine) derivatives and their antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities, N. H. K. Baba et al., Chem. Heterocycl. Comp. 2018, 54, 658.
Structure-activity relationship of anticancer potential of 4-hydroxycoumarin and its derivatives:
A comparative study, S. M. Banday et al., Asian J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2019, 5, 470.
Synthetic and Mechanistic Study on the Microwave Assisted Fries Rearrangement of 1-Methylidene-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-yl-methanones, F. Haraszti et al., Curr. Org. Chem. 2018, 22, 912.
Montmorillonite K10-Catalyzed Solvent-Free Conversion of Furfural into Cyclopentenones, S. Bonacci et al., Catalysts 2019, 9, 301.
Scaffold decoration
Base-controlled regioselective functionalization of chloro-substituted quinolines, V. E. Murie et al., J. Org. Chem. 2018, 83, 871.
Pyrrolomycins as antimicrobial agents. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis and insights into their antimicrobial mechanism of action, M. V. Raimondi et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2019, 27, 721.
On the synthesis, optical and computational studies of novel BODIPY-based phosphoramidate fluorescent dyes, L. A. Machado et al., J. Fluorine Chem. 2019, 220, 9.
Catalysts, ligands & complexes
Multifunctional Cyclopentadiene as a Scaffold for Combinatorial Bioorganometallics in
[(η5‐C5H2R1R2R3)M(CO)3] (M = Re, 99mTc) Piano‐stool Type Complexes, A. Frei et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2018, 24, 10153.
Whole Microwave Syntheses of Pyridylpyrazole and of Re and Ru Luminescent Pyridylpyrazole Complexes, B. Merillas et al., Inorg. Chim. Acta 2019, 484, 1.
Tuning the Luminescent Properties of Ruthenium(II) Amino‐1,10‐Phenanthroline Complexes by Varying the Position of the Amino Group on the Heterocycle, A. S. Abel et al., ChemPlusChem 2019, 84, 498.
Oxidations
Copper(II) complexes with an arylhydrazone of methyl 2-cyanoacetate as effective catalysts in the microwave-assisted oxidation of cyclohexane, R. Jlassi et al., Inorg. Chim. Acta 2018, 471, 658.
Synergistic catalytic action of vanadia–titania composites towards the microwave-assisted benzoin oxidation, F. Ferretti et al., Dalton Trans. 2019, 48, 3198.
Various organic transformations
Tropylium-promoted Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis Reactions, U. P. N. Tran et al., Chem. Sci. 2018, 9, 5145.
Hydrogen-Bonding-Assisted Ketimine Formation of Benzophenone Derivatives, M.-S. Seo et al., J. Org. Chem. 2018, 83, 14300.
Efficient Semi-Synthesis of Natural δ-(R)-Tocotrienols from a Renewable Vegetal Source, A. Ville et al., J. Nat. Prod. 2019, 82, 51.
A New Alternative Synthesis of Salicylaldazine via Microwave Irradiation Method, K. et al., J. Chem. 2019, 9546373.
Simultaneous desulfuration and denitrogenation of model diesel fuel by FeMn microwave modified activated carbon: Iron crystalline habit influence on adsorption capacity, J. A. Arcibar-Orozco et al., J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 218, 69.
Structural Impact of Zn-insertion into Monoclinic V2(PO4)3: Implications for Zn-ion Batteries, M. J. Park et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 7159.
Glyme-Based Electrolyte for Na/Bilayered V2O5 Batteries, X. Liu et al., ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2, 2786.
Self-assembly of hybrid nanorods for enhanced volumetric performance of nanoparticles in Li-ion batteries, M. H. Modarres et al., Nano Lett. 2019,19, 228.
Nanostructuring of 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride in ionic liquid–iron oxide nanofluids, A. Joseph et al., J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2019, 135, 1373.
Synthesis of iron oxide nanorods for enhanced magnetic hyperthermia, A. Nikitin et al.,
J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2019, 469, 443.
Hydrothermal microwave synthesis of SnO microspheres with excellent photocatalytic activity, D. Han et al., Ceram. Int. 2019, 45, 4089.
Effect of Deposition Time on the Optoelectronics Properties of PbS Thin Films Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Chemical Bath Deposition, E. Barrios-Salgado et al., Adv. Cond. Matter Phys. 2019, 5960587.
In Situ Microwave‐Assisted Fabrication of Hierarchically Arranged Metal Sulfide Counter Electrodes
to Boost Stability and Efficiency of Quantum Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells, J.‐S. Tsai et al., Adv. Mater. Interf. 2019, 6, 1801745.
Microwave assisted κ-carrageenan capped silver nanocomposites for eradication of bacterial biofilms,
A. Goel et al., Carbohyd. Polym. 2019, 206, 854.
Microwave-green synthesis of AlPO-n and SAPO-n (n= 5 and 18) nanosized crystals and their assembly in layers, E.-P.Ng et al., Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2019, 280, 256.
XANES, EXAFS, EPR and First Principles Modeling on Electronic Structure and Ferromagnetism in Mn Doped SnO2 Quantum Dots, D. Manikandan et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123, 3067.
Synthesis and characterization of Polymer/Silica/QDs fluorescent nanocomposites with potential application as printing toner, M. Ruiz-Robles et al., Mater. Res. Express 2019, 6, 25314.
Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Agglomerated Spherical Zirconium Phosphate for Removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ Ions from Aqueous System, A. Bashir et al., Applic. Ion Exchange Mater. Environ. 2019, 95.
A co-operative endeavor by nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas and Zirconium based Metal Organic Framework to remove hexavalent chromium, T. Sathvika et al., Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 360, 879.
Exfoliation, reduction, hybridization and polymerization mechanisms in one-step microwave-assist synthesis of nanocomposite nylon-6/graphene, P. González-Morones et al., Polymer 2018, 146, 73.
Synthesis, characterization and chemical degradation of poly(ester-triazole)s derived from D-galactose, M. V. Rivas et al., RSC Adv. 2019, 9, 9860.
Microwave-assisted esterification step of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) synthesis through ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, A. C. Espinosa-López et al., Polym. Bull. 2019, 76, 2931.
Synthesis of and with ionic liquids
Imidazolium based Ionic liquids as efficient reagents for lignin C-O bond cleavage, M. Thierry et al., ChemSusChem 2018, 11, 439.
New poly(ionic liquid)s based on poly(azomethine-pyridinium) salts and its use as heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 conversion, E. M. Maya et al., Eur. Polym. J. 2019, 110, 107.
Biodiesel- and biomass-related applications
Conversion of sunflower stalk based cellulose to the valuable products using choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents, M. Sert et al., Renew. Energy 2018, 118, 993.
A synergetic effect of ionic liquid and microwave irradiation on the acid-catalyzed direct conversion of cellulose into methyl glucopyranoside, M. Saito et al., Holzforschung 2018, 72, 1025.
Microwave assisted biodiesel production using a novel Brønsted acid catalyst based on nanomagnetic biocomposite, S. Chellappan et al., Fuel 2019, 246, 268.
Investigation of microwave effects
Specific microwave effect on Sn- and Ti-MFI zeolite synthesis, Z. Sun et al., RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 35252.
Microwave effects in the dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, N. Sweygers,
et al., Nat. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 7719.
Synthesis of Highly Uniform Nickel Multipods with Tunable Aspect Ratio by Microwave Power Control,
P. N. Vakil et al., ACS Nano 2018, 12, 6784.
In the last two decades various text books on microwave synthesis have been published. Find a list of recommended books for comprehensive background information here:
Advances in Microwave Chemistry, B. K. Banik, D. Bandyopadhyay (Eds.), 2018, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton
A Chemist's Guide to Microwave Synthesis, Volume 3, J. M. Kremsner, A. Stadler, 2018, Anton Paar Publishing, Austria
Solid-Phase Organic Syntheses, Volume 3: Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis, P. J. H. Scott (Ed.), 2017, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Microwave-assisted Polymer Chemistry, R. Hoogenboom, U. S. Schubert, F. Wiesbrock (Eds.), 2016, Springer, Berlin
Milestones in Microwave Chemistry, G. Keglevich (Ed.), 2016, Springer, Berlin
Microwaves in Catalysis: Methodology and Applications, S. Horikoshi, N. Serpone, 2015, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Microwave-assisted Polymerization, A. Mishra, T. Vats, J. H. Clark, 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry, London
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles, E. van der Eycken, C. O. Kappe, 2014, Springer, Berlin
Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis: A Green Chemistry Approach, S. C. Ameta, P. B. Punjabi, R. Ameta, C. Ameta (Eds.), 2014, Apple Academic Press, Waretown
Microwaves in Drug Discovery and Development: Recent Advances, J. Spencer, M. C. Bagley (Eds.), 2014, Future Science Group, London
Microwaves in Nanoparticle Synthesis: Fundamentals and Applications, S. Horikoshi, N. Serpone, 2013, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, C. O. Kappe, D. Dallinger, A. Stadler, 2nd edition, 2012, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Microwaves in Organic Synthesis, A. De La Hoz, A. Loupy (Eds.), 3rd edition, 2012, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Microwave-assisted Cycloaddition Reactions, D. Margetic, 2011, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge
Aqueous Microwave-assisted Chemistry, V. Polshettiwar, R. S. Varma (Eds.), 2010, RSC Publishing, Cambridge
Practical Microwave Synthesis for Organic Chemists, C. O. Kappe, D. Dallinger, S. S. Murphree, 2009, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Microwave-assisted Proteomics, J. R. Lill, 2009, RSC Publishing, Cambridge
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles, E. van der Eycken, C. O. Kappe (Eds.), 2006, Springer, Berlin
Microwave methods in Organic Synthesis, M. Larhed, K. Olofsson (Eds.), 2006, Springer, Berlin
Microwave-assisted Organic Synthesis: 100 reaction procedures, D. Bogdal, 2005, Elsevier, Amsterdam
Microwave-assisted Organic Synthesis, J. P. Tierney, P. Lidström (Eds.), 2005, Blackwell, Oxford
1. From reflux to microwave heating
2. General aspects
4. Principles of microwave heating
4.1. The electromagnetic spectrum
4.2. Microwave dielectric heating
5. Benefits of microwave synthesis
5.1. Microwave vs. conventional heating
5.2. Domestic microwave ovens vs. dedicated instrumentation
5.2.1. Safety
5.2.2. Possibility of superheating
5.2.3. Excellent parameter control
5.2.4. Automation and parallel synthesis
5.2.5. Stirring
5.2.6. Continuous power output
5.2.7. Software control
5.2.8. Benefits of microwave synthesis in dedicated microwave reactors
7. Further reading
7.1. Microwave synthesis publications
7.2. Recommended text books on microwave synthesis
Masse volumique
Conditions et modalités
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Plan du site | Copyright 2020 Anton Paar GmbH


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Kanonchalup Nr. 1-12 var 12 kanonchalupper, der blev bygget under den første Slesvigske krig i Kiel blandt en række andre krigsskibe. De der overlevede krigen, blev overtaget af den danske marine, blandt andet 12 kanonchalupper.

Kanonchalup Nr.1: Søsat 1850, overtaget 1852 og udgået 1861. To kanoner.
Kanonchalup Nr.2: Søsat 1850, overtaget 1852 og udgået 1871. To kanoner. Længde 23,5 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.3: Søsat 1851, overtaget 1853 og udgået 1861. To kanoner. Længde 20,4 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.4: Søsat 1850, overtaget 1852 og udgået 1871. To kanoner. Længde 23,4 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.5: Søsat 1850, overtaget 1852 og udgået 1861. To kanoner. Længde 23,6 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.6: Søsat 1851, overtaget 1853 og udgået 1862. To kanoner. Længde 20,2 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.7: Søsat 1850, overtaget 1852 og udgået 1871. Armering ukendt. Længde 23,0 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.8: Søsat 1850, overtaget 1852 og udgået 1863. To kanoner. Længde 21,4 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.9: Søsat 1851, overtaget 1852 og ombygget til transportpram 1861. Sænket i Limfjorden 1864.  To kanoner. 20,1 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.10: Søsat 1850, overtaget 1852 og udgået 1871. To kanoner. Længde 23,6 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.11: Søsat 1850, overtaget 1852 og ombygget til transportpram 1861. To kanoner. Længde 20,6 meter.
Kanonchalup Nr.12: Søsat 1851, overtaget 1853 og ombygget til transportpram 1861. To kanoner. Længde 20,5 meter.

Kanonbåde fra Danmark

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Anyone who's strolled down the Champs Elysées in Paris might not be surprised to hear that the famous avenue is Europe's most expensive retail location, according to a new study. But where does it rank on a global scale? Find out below.
The Champs Elysées, the main artery through the heart of Paris, is iconic for so many reasons, whether it's the Arc de Triomphe, Hitler's march down the avenue in 1940, the spectacular annual finale of the Tour de France or its mammoth modern boutiques, where thousands of shoppers go each day to fill their boots.
There have even been songs written about it. But in recent years, it's become notorious as a breathtakingly expensive address.
Despite what you may think, though, there are pricier streets on which to set up shop.
According to a new study by US-based real estate firm Cushman and Wakefield, published on Wednesday, the Champs Elysées is only the sixth-most expensive shopping street in the world, based on rent prices.
This year's prize for priciest property goes, once again, to Causeway Bay in Hong Kong, the study.
The Asian thoroughfare beats Manhattan's Fifth Avenue, after knocking it off the top in 2012. The Champs Elysées, comes in sixth – making it the most expensive retail address in Europe.
Despite an average yearly price of €13,255/sq. m ($1,601/sq. ft), France's most famous address doesn't even come close to the amount charged for top locations in Causeway Bay – which would, on average, set you back a staggering €24,983 for just a sq. metre ($3,017 per sq. foot).
And despite a whopping 38.5-percent rise in retail rents on the Champs Elysées since 12 months ago, New York's world-famous Fifth Avenue is still nearly twice the price, with an average yearly rent of €20,702/sq. m ($2,500/sq. ft).
The rest of the top 10 is made of two other Hong Kong streets, and three others in New York city, including Times Square, Madison Avenue and East 57th Street.
New Bond Street in central London is in ninth place, with an average annual rent of €8,666/sq. m ($1,047/sq. ft), while Tokyo's rounds off the top 10.
The French capital dominates the European listing, with five streets among the ten most expensive, including Rue du Faubourg St. Honoré, which is home to the British Embassy as well as a few chic boutiques and Place Vendôme.
Italian real estate, for its part, performed strongly this year, with Milan's Via Montenapoleone ranking third in Europe, and three Rome addresses making the top ten, as seen below.
Looking for something a bit more affordable? Check out our France-wide rental listings.
Browse the study in full below, turning to page four for the top 10, and page six for a full list of each country's most expensive addresses.


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Vintage Gold: J.J. Fad – "Supersonic" – Classic Video
Formed in L.A.'s golden years of hip-hop, J.J. Fad originally began as a six-piece female rap group. They slimmed down to three members after being plagued by management and financial issues, leaving MC J.B., Baby-D, and Sassy C with support by DJ Train. Discovered by Eazy-E, they released their 1987 hit single, "Supersonic" via Ruthless Records, which sold 400,000 copies. Shortly thereafter, their album, Supersonic was produced by the N.W.A. dream team of Dr. Dre, DJ Yella and Arabian Prince, which garnered them platinum status and a Grammy nomination — the first female rap group to do so. Unlike their producers' gangster rap orientation, the album reached a wider audience due to its pop-electronic elements. The basic, syncopated style of their rhymes and beats was a large influence for many hip-hop and pop artists to come, most notably in recent years on Fergie's "Fergalicious."
This song is definitely vintage gold. Check out their video, "Supersonic" which has loads of 80's charm — big hair, big earrings and kickass dance moves!
"I'm always rockin', never stoppin', devastatin' rappin' lady When I'm on the microphone I sing to all these imitators" ~JJ Fad
This entry was posted in Videos, Vintage Gold and tagged Classic Video, good music, hip hop, J.J. Fad, pop, rap, Supersonic on November 16, 2012 by Emily Saex.


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Mauga back on field
Fallon's Josh Maugaand the Kansas City Chiefs earned their first win last week against the Miami Dolphins. The Chiefs host the New England Patriots on "Monday Night Football."
After suiting up for the first time in nearly two years, Fallon's Josh Mauga was sidelined again with another injury.
But unlike the past two injuries he suffered with the Jets, the ex-Wolf Pack linebacker is already back on the field this week as Kansas City entertains Minnesota on Saturday at Arrowhead Stadium.
"Things are progressing good," Mauga said. "It basically depends on how I feel this week."
Mauga, who suffered a groin strain last week, missed the Chiefs' 28-16 road loss to the Panthers on Sunday but was cleared this week to begin individual work and drills before progressing back into practice with the rest of the linebackers and team.
Mauga had a good preseason game in the win earlier this month over the Bengals as he played more than a half on defense and special teams. He was pleased with his performance but said he still needs to clean up his play before the next game.
"I thought I played OK," he said. "I definitely got some things to clean up and improve for the next game. But it's nothing major, just minor things."
Mauga was just happy to be back on the field after his body tried to end his career twice when he was playing for Rex Ryan's Jets. Mauga suffered pectoral and back injuries that ended his 2012 season in October and then kept him out for all of 2013.
"Just being in an NFL game atmosphere is such a great experience and to me, it never gets old," Mauga said. "I always look forward to the national anthem because it always gets me pumped up right before kickoff."
Before last week's setback, Mauga has impressed the Chiefs coaches but he said it falls back onto competing with a solid group of linebackers. Mauga is currently No. 2 on the depth chart at left inside linebacker ahead of Nico Johnson and as long as he recovers from his injury, he appears to make the team's official roster. Final roster cuts are due by 1 p.m. PST next Saturday.
"I would say this is the most competitive group of linebackers that I've been around," Mauga added. "Don't get me wrong. I've gotten the chance to play with some great linebackers (including Bart Scott) in New York, but overall as a group, from the ones down to the threes, guys are playing well and making improvements every day. It's such a great group of guys to be around, as well."
Kansas City ended training camp on Friday in St. Joseph, Missouri, and moved back to the training facility in Kansas City as the Chiefs have two preseason games remaining. They host Minnesota on Saturday and visit Green Bay on Aug. 28. Kansas City opens the season at home on Sept. 7 against the Titans.


Young Edna Arkins lives in a neighborhood that is rapidly changing, thanks to white flight from urban Seattle in the late 1960s. As the world changes around her, Edna is exposed to the callous racism of adults—sometimes subtle and other times blatant, but always stinging. By weaving the importance of music in adolescence with the forbidden friendship between Edna, who is white, and Bonna Willis, who is Black, Lynda Barry captures the earnest, awkward, yet always honest adolescent voice as perfectly in prose as she does in comics.
...an important read for adults who think they have packed away racism as an inevitable part of life.
Absorbing and deceptively simple, Lynda Barry's 1988 illustrated novella is back in a new edition, and it feels like the right time. Difficult conversations about racial divides are still happening, so this story of a young girl's friendship with a black neighbour is affecting and relevant...With sparse punctuation and breathless, run-on sentences, the story is presented with a naïve voice in a powerful way. The illustrations are stark and appropriate. It's quite a package.
A piercingly honest illustrated novel.
The story of two young people—Edna (white) and Bonna (African-American)—coming to terms with the inequalities of race and class... Written in the 1980s and set in the 1970s, the book remains as relevant as ever in the present.
Barry conveys the anguish and confusion of youth discovering that society is riddled with prejudice, and her light touch is balanced by respect for her characters and their problems.
This book is magic. Lynda Barry makes you laugh and breaks your heart all at once.
The beautiful reissue of Lynda Barry's underrated autobiographical novel The Good Times Are Killing Me, about race and falling in love with records, gets 50 pages of new art, much of it Barry's folk-art-ish paintings of music pioneers.
A quick but heartfelt novel about race, class, and poverty in 1970s America, with each vignette connected by the protagonist's love of and connection to music.
Sorry, no nods here. Check back soon!
Visit Lynda Barry's Author Page!


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John Bercow stays tight-lipped on 'bust up' at his home when his wife Sally called the police
how to loosen a tight phone case
For once John Bercow is lost for words! Bully ex-Commons speaker stays tight-lipped on bust up at his home when his wife Sally called the police as he is seen having a coffee in the sunshine
By David Pilditch and Katie Weston For Mailonline
Published:|Updated:
Viewcomments
John Bercow has declined to comment after it was revealed police were called to his home following an alleged bust-up with his wife Sally.
The ex-Commons speaker, who is also at the centre of a bullying scandal, refused to discuss the incident after answering the door at his £1million townhouse next to the River Thames in Battersea, south west London.
Asked about the bust up which reportedly took place last August, the former MP repeatedly replied: 'Have a good day.'
Bercow refused to answer further questions before shutting the door. Neighbours were unaware of the incident and it appears the couple have since made up.
One female neighbour said: 'This is the first I've heard of it. They are both still there. I often see them leaving together.'
Another local said: 'We haven't had any trouble with them and the first I heard about it was when I saw it on the news online today.'
The former politician has since been spotted outside a restaurant near his home today, enjoying a coffee in the sunshine.
He was seen wearing a Nike running outfit and trainers while sitting down to take a phone call amid the latest allegations.
Ex-Commons speaker John Bercow has since been spotted outside a restaurant near his hometoday (pictured above), enjoying a coffee in the sunshine
Bercow declined to comment after it was revealed police were called to his home following an alleged bust-up with his wife Sally (both pictured in September 2019)
The Metropolitan Police said officers were called to the property at 11.35pm on August 26 last year.
A spokesman said: 'Police were called to an address following reports of a disturbance. Officers attended and an allegation of common assault was reported.
'No arrests were made at the time and the case has since been closed with no further action'.
Meanwhile, Bercow has resigned as the trustee of Holland Park School, where he sends his children, amid the scandal that he had bullied staff.
He told Schools Week: 'I didn't want to be a distraction.
'I'd been on for 15 months and it's been a hugely busy and challenging time for the school. I've made my input as productively as possible.'
His comments came as MPs called for two universities to remove Bercow from honorary roles.
Royal Holloway and Birkbeck are being urged to remove the former Speaker of the House of Commons from his appointments at the institutions after he was banned from holding a parliamentary pass this week.
Bercow was seen wearing a Nike running outfit and trainers while sitting down to take a phone call amid the latest allegations
John Bercow has resigned as the the trustee of Kensington's Holland Park School where he sends his children.
He was a director there from November 2020 but left less than two years later on March 11 amid scandal that he had bullied staff.
Bercow told Schools Week: 'I didn't want to be a distraction.
A spokesperson for Holland Park School said: 'We would like to thank John for the excellent voluntary service he has given to Holland Park School.
'His work with the school has always focused on making sure that the school is moving forward positively and that our students have the best possible education and experience.'
The school became known as the socialist Eton after it was chosen by a series of left-wing politicians, including Tony Benn, as the place to send their kids.
Writing in The Guardian in November 2020, Bercow said: 'My three children attend Holland Park in west London, where I have now just been elected a parent-governor.
'It is a very disciplined school, led by the prodigiously energetic Colin Hall, who arrives at the crack of dawn and is remarkably knowledgable about every child.'
Tory MP Michael Fabricant told The Telegraph: 'I am surprised that despite two reports now branding Bercow a bully, both Royal Holloway and Birkbeck still think that he is an appropriate person to engage young people's minds.'
It comes after an independent inquiry found Mr Bercow guilty of 21 claims made against him relating to behaviour during his decade as Speaker from 2009 to 2019.
The former Tory MP - who has since defected to Labour - has denied the allegations and described the investigation a 'travesty of justice rooted in prejudice, spite and hearsay' and carried out by a 'kangaroo court'.
'I don't believe in faux apologies, I don't believe in apologising when I don't think I have anything to apologise for,' he said.
The standards watchdog branded the ex-Tory MP a 'serial liar' and ruled his treatment of three staff would warrant expulsion from the Commons had he not quit in 2019.
In a report, Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, Kathryn Stone, found him guilty of 21 claims made against him relating to behaviour during his decade as Speaker from 2009 to 2019.
Ms Stone upheld 21 out of 35 counts brought by Lord Lisvane, the former clerk of the Commons, and former private secretaries Kate Emms and Angus Sinclair.
The panel, chaired by former appeal court judge Sir Stephen Irwin, said: 'The findings of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, which we have upheld, show that the respondent has been a serial bully.
'His evidence in the investigations, the findings of the commissioner, and his submissions to us, show also that the respondent has been a serial liar.
'His behaviour fell very far below that which the public has a right to expect from any Member of Parliament.'
Following the suspension, a spokesman said there is a 'zero-tolerance approach' to bullying in the Labour Party.
A spokesman for leader Sir Keir Starmer told reporters: 'The Labour Party has got a zero tolerance approach when it comes to bullying.
'I've got nothing further to add to what was said yesterday, in terms of the party looking at this and suspending John Bercow.'
Asked why Mr Bercow had not been immediately expelled, he replied: 'I can't comment on individual cases.
'You'll appreciate that in all of these disciplinary matters, there is a due process that needs to be followed, and that will be applied in this case.'
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By: Jim Kevlin 02/19/2020 8:30 pm
Home › AllOTSEGO | Breaking News | In Memoriam › Beverly J. Leneker, 74; CV Native Worked At Canajoharie Bank
Beverly J. Leneker, 74; CV Native Worked At Canajoharie Bank
02/19/2020	AllOTSEGO, Breaking News, In Memoriam
IN MEMORIAM: Beverly J. Leneker, 74;
CV Native Worked At Canajoharie Bank
Beverly Leneker
CHERRY VALLEY – Raised in Cherry Valley, Beverly Jean (Snyder) Leneker, 74, passed peacefully in her sleep Feb. 16, 2020, with her loving and caring husband by her side, after a long battle with dementia.
Beverly was born April 21, 1945, to Lawrence C. Snyder Sr. and Elizabeth M. (Bogardus), and spent her childhood in Cherry Valley.
Beverly married Raymond V. Leneker on July 25, 1964, and moved to Canajoharie to raise a family. Beverly was employed for a short time at Beech-Nut before becoming a long-time employee at Canajoharie National Bank in the mortgage department.
Beverly enjoyed playing cards with her family especially Pinochle, crocheting, music, watching NASCAR, collecting depression glass, puzzles, spending time at the family camp on Caroga Lake,her beloved pets, and time spent laughing with her family and friends.
Beverly was welcomed into heaven by her parents and brother Lawrence C. Snyder, Jr., along with her husband's parents Raymond and Betty.
Her memory lives on in the hearts of her husband, Raymond V Leneker Jr of Canajoharie, and children Stacey L. O'Brien (Kevin) of Gansevoort, Mark T. Leneker of New York City,and Kelli N. Gomez (Esteban) of Fultonville.
Also, grandchildren Carlin of Queensbury, Regan, Dillon , Evan and Logan of Gansevoort, Gabrielle of Palatine Bridge, Adriana of Gloversville and Julien of Fultonville; one great-grandchild Carter Paul; in-laws Sue Snyder of Canajoharie, Mary and Ernest Coskrey of North Carolina, Richmond and Diane Leneker of Syracuse and many nieces and nephews.
Beverly's family would like to thank Wilkinson's Nursing Home staff for their care. Memorial Donations can be made in Beverly's name to St John's and St Mark's Lutheran Church 99 Church Street Canajoharie, NY 13317.
Services will be at 2 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 22, at the Ottman Funeral Home, Cherry Valley, with the Rev. Sandra Perl of Bluff Point Methodist Church officiating.
Calling hours will be 1-2 p.m. prior to the service. There will be a reception following the service at St. John's Lutheran Church, Freysbush.
Burial will be at the convenience of the family.
To send online condolences visit www.ottmanfueralhome.com
Arrangements were entrusted to Ottman Funeral Home, Cherry Valley, NY
Beverly Jean (Snyder) Leneker, Canajoharie National Bank, Cherry Valley news, otsego county news, Raised in Cherry Valley
As Successor, Seward Gets Behind Oberacker | HAPPENIN' OTSEGO for FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 2020
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text:
Direttore Principale Ospite of Teatro Carlo Felice in Italy, Australian conductor Daniel Smith rapidly gained international acclaim after winning First Prize, the Golden Baton and the Orchestra's Choice Prize, in UNESCO's International Conducting Competition (in memory of Grzegorz Fitelberg), as well as Second Prize in the prestigious Sir Georg Solti International Conducting Competition. His third success was First Prize in the Mancinelli International Opera Conducting Competition along with the Orchestra's Choice Prize in the Lutosławski International Conducting Competition.
Daniel's musicality, energy and spirit create an infectious rapport with musicians and audiences alike. Following his highly successful debut as the first Australian to conduct The Mariinsky Orchestra, he has also conducted the Czech Philharmonic, London Philharmonic, Spain's Orquestra de la Comunitat Valenciana at the Palau des les Arts Reina Sofía, Italy's RAI National Symphony Orchestra, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, Teatro San Carlo, Filarmonica Toscanini, Warsaw National Philharmonic, Frankfurt Radio Symphony, Deutsche Radio Philharmonie, New Japan Philharmonic, RTÉ National Symphony of Ireland, Indianapolis Symphony and the Danish National Symphony, among others.
Daniel has also conducted at festivals including World Expo, Stars of the White Nights, Mozarteum Festspiele, Järvi Summer Festival, Estate Musicale Chigiana Siena, Aspen Music Festival, MiTo Festival and the Proms, Kraków.
Upcoming eagerly awaited debuts include L'elisir d'amore with the Norwegian National Opera in Oslo and performances with the Real Orquesta Sinfónica de Sevilla.
Daniel's debuts at the Rossini Opera Festival in Pesaro and the Mariinsky Theatre, conducting Rossini's Il viaggio a Reims, affirmed his success as an opera conductor.
"A perfect production! And Daniel Smith.. it was as if the opera was written for him!"
Ekaterina Gudkova, Il viaggio a Reims, Mariinsky Theatre
In recent seasons, he has worked on operatic repertoire including La traviata and Tosca (alongside director Franco Zeffirelli); as well as Il barbiere di Siviglia, Cavalleria rusticana, Così fan tutte, L'elisir d'amore, La fanciulla del West, Der fliegende Holländer, Gianni Schicchi, La Rondine, Der Rosenkavalier, Suor Angelica, Il viaggio a Reims, Wozzeck and An American in Paris.
Recently, Daniel launched his new charity foundation in Europe: "The Daniel Smith 'Gift of Music' Foundation", personally purchasing and donating hundreds of tickets to those who could not normally attend due to financial constraint, terminal illness, blindness and disability.
Daniel studied conducting with Jorma Panula, Neeme Järvi, Gianluigi Gelmetti, Hugh Wolff, Peter Gülke, Imre Palló and Harry Spence Lyth. He holds a Master of Music degree from the Sydney Conservatorium of Music and Fellowships from the Trinity College London, American Academy of Conducting in Aspen and the Universität Mozarteum Salzburg.
danielsmithonline.com
Conductor — Il Viaggio a Reims(2019)