Vatican City, Feb 15, 2017 / 08:01 am ().- Pope Francis and his Council of Cardinals met for the 18th time this week to continue discussion on reforming the Roman Curia, focusing on how new bishops are chosen and the streamlining of several offices, including the Vatican tribunals.
According to a Feb. 15 Vatican communique, after opening their meetings with a declaration of support for Pope Francis and his reform efforts, the cardinals "have begun to examine the 'Diaconia of Justice,'" and so dedicated a good chunk of this week's meetings to the three Vatican tribunals.
The tribunals are the Apostolic Penitentiary, the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura and the Tribunal of the Roman Rota.
In a nutshell, the Apostolic Penitentiary is the court in charge of cases involving excommunication and serious sins, including those whose absolution is reserved to the Holy See, while the Signatura, as it's called, functions as a sort of Supreme Court. The Rota, for its part, is akin to a court of appeals or court of "last instance," and is also where marriage annulment cases are judged.
In addition to the tribunals, the cardinals also dedicated a portion of the discussion to "the process for selecting candidates for the episcopate," a topic that's been on the table for some time.
Each of the nine members of the council were present for the entirety of the Feb. 13-15 round of meetings, with the addition of Msgr. Dario Vigano, prefect of the Secretariat for Communications, who gave an update on his dicastery's work. In keeping with their custom, the cardinals concelebrated Mass with the Pope in the chapel of the Santa Marta guesthouse the first two days of the meeting.
As usual, Pope Francis was present for the majority of the sessions apart from Monday morning, when he met the Costa Rican bishops in Rome for their ad limina visit, and Wednesday morning, during which he participated in the weekly general audience.
The cardinals, in addition to speaking about the tribunals and bishop selection, continued to discuss points brought up during the last round of meetings, including the possible restructuring of the Congregations for the Evangelization of Peoples (Propaganda Fides) and Oriental Churches and the Council for Interreligious Dialogue.
Msgr. Vigano offered his presentation on communications Monday afternoon, focusing at length on the consolidation of Vatican Radio and the Vatican Television Center.
It was noted in the Vatican communique that on this point, several meetings have already taken place with the Secretariat of State, the Secretariat for the Economy, the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See (APSA) and the Labor Office.
Mention was also made of the plan to "restructure radio frequencies" and of a new policy for social how to handle social media. A brief reflection was also given on a project for reforming the Vatican Publishing House.
Before discussion began, however, the cardinals kicked off the first day of meetings by issuing a statement reaffirming their support for Pope Francis and his work after the pontiff received some harsh blowback for his reform in the days preceding the gathering.
"In relation to recent events, the Council of Cardinals expresses its full support of the work of the Pope, while ensuring full adhesion and support to his person and his Magisterium," it added.
The statement came out just over a week after posters criticizing the Pope were plastered on walls of the city center of Rome Feb. 4. Days later, a spoof of the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano was sent to cardinals and bishops in the Curia claiming the Pope had finally answered the five "dubia" submitted to him by four prelates in September, responding both "yes and no" to each.
In a Feb. 15 briefing with journalists on the winners of the International "Economy and Society" Prize of the Vatican's Centesimus Annus Pro Pontifice foundation, Cardinal Reinhard Marx, president of the German bishops' conference and a member of the Pope's "Council of Nine," spoke about the issue.
When asked about the reason for issuing the statement, Marx said the intention was not to create a "great drama," but rather to voice their support.
"We have discussion in the Church, normal discussions, tensions, it will always be like this," he said, but explained that "at a time like this" when such vocal and public opposition has been voiced, "loyalty to the Pope is substantial" to the Catholic faith.
Established by Pope Francis shortly after his pontificate began in 2013, the council, also called "the Council of Nine," serves as an advisory body on Church governance and reform, with special emphasis on the reform of Pastor Bonus, the 1988 apostolic constitution of St. John Paul II that regulates the competencies and work of the Roman Curia.
The council of cardinals will conclude its last session Wednesday evening, and is set to meet again April 24-26 to continue discussion on moving forward in reforming curial structures.


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Rimini Street Delivers Next Set of 2016 Global Tax, Legal and Regulatory Updates
More than 120,000 tax, legal and regulatory updates delivered worldwide to date including North America, Australia, Asia, Europe and Latin America using ISO-certified processes and methodology
LAS VEGAS, October 3, 2016 - Rimini Street, Inc., the leading independent provider of enterprise software support services for SAP SE's (NYSE:SAP) Business Suite, BusinessObjects and HANA Database software and Oracle Corporation's (NYSE:ORCL) Siebel, PeopleSoft, JD Edwards, E-Business Suite, Oracle Database, Oracle Middleware, Hyperion, Oracle Retail, Oracle Agile PLM and Oracle ATG Web Commerce software, today announced that it has delivered its next set of global tax, legal and regulatory updates for 2016. The updates include the 2016-D update for PeopleSoft clients in the United States and Canada, which were delivered ahead of the vendor's own scheduled delivery date for similar updates. Additionally, global updates affecting SAP, Oracle E-Business Suite and JD Edwards clients with operations throughout the United States and Canada, as well as Australia, Argentina, Peru, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Czech Republic were also delivered. Rimini Street has issued more than 120,000 tax, legal and regulatory updates to clients to date, and provides accurate, high-quality deliverables using an innovative combination of a patent-pending tax, legal and regulatory technology, proven methodology and ISO 9001-certified development processes.
Updates for the United States and Canada
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At the United States federal government level, updates were delivered to support the latest changes to 2016 W-2 processing. At the state government level, updates included a minimum wage increase in Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York and Vermont, as well as Unemployment Insurance Taxable Wage Base figure updates for Iowa, Nevada, Washington and Wyoming. Additionally, Rimini Street revised state withholding tables for Idaho, North Carolina and South Carolina. At the local government level, Rimini Street provided local tax changes for several municipalities in Kentucky, Ohio and Pennsylvania. Rimini Street also delivered the "Year-End Processing 2016 US Reference Guide" containing detailed information on the data set-up, processing and printing of year-end tax forms for PeopleSoft. Additionally, Rimini Street provided updates to support the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), specifically for e-Filing.
For clients in Canada, Rimini Street delivered instructions for preparing year-end reporting, as well as provincial tax table updates for Newfoundland and Labrador. Rimini Street is also closely monitoring information from the Canada Revenue Agency and Revenu Québec for tax changes that will be delivered in December and effective in January 2017.
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"With over 120,000 tax, legal and regulatory updates delivered to date, Rimini Street has a long, successful and proven track record for providing mission-critical tax, legal and regulatory updates to our Oracle and SAP clients in every major region of the world," said Paul Henville, group vice president, Global Product Delivery, Rimini Street. "The Company is committed to ensuring that our clients maintain compliance with the help of our accurate, superior-quality tax, legal and regulatory updates delivered consistently through our patent-pending research technology and ISO-certified development processes."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.apache.maven;

import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;

import com.google.inject.ScopeAnnotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * Indicates that annotated component should be instantiated before session execution starts
 * and discarded after session execution completes.
 *
 * @author Jason van Zyl
 * @since 3.2.0
 */
@Target({TYPE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
@ScopeAnnotation
public @interface SessionScoped {}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What do I need to know about contributions based membership programs?
Before building a Contributions Based Membership program, you should consider some of the parameters about how the process works. How does the process assign a contributions based membership? Does Altru give a contributions based membership based on gift date? What is the join date for a new Contributions based membership program?
Altru can't sell contribution based memberships through Daily, Advance, or Online sales methods. The foundation of this feature is constituents give a gift (donation) and then they receive a membership as a result of the gift amount.
The process that assigns the membership does not run real time, but rather runs once every night, so new contributions members wouldn't be able to enjoy automatic discounts until at least 24hrs after the donation was entered into the system.
The process that gives a contributions based membership can only be run once day.
Altru can't limit who receives a membership based on constituent type. For instance, the giving levels would be set for ANY constituent record (individual or org).
Contributions membership can only be awarded based on the gift, not on recognition (soft credits).
If there will be a second named member on a membership, an Altru user must manually add that second person after the membership has been awarded.
Because memberships are not purchased, the membership "transactions" on the member record will not be linked to the gift payment(s) that awarded the membership.
Membership cannot be converted into a Contributions Based Membership program. It will need to be a brand new program. It cannot be a Dues & Contributions based program.
The Join Date for the Contributions Based program is based on the new program. A join date from a previous program cannot carry over. Memberships are awarded based on gifts that have a gift date with the terms of the membership program. For example, if a membership allows 1 year memberships, the Altru process will look at all qualifying gifts within the past 365 days.
You will need to decide how to transition members from the historical Dues program to Contributions program. Most commonly: members stay in dues based levels until their membership expires and they make a gift payment.
Altru's contribution process only takes into account donations from that membership term. For example, if the membership is set up for a 1 year term, then the nightly process only looks at the past year of donations from the qualifying gifts.


text:
Reporting Fellows
Meeting Natasha: The Scout
August 13, 2010 | Pulitzer Center
Scott Carney, for the Pulitzer Center, Limassol, Cyprus
An advertisement recruiting egg donors written in a Russian-language newspaper in Cyprus.
Natasha flashes an inviting smile in my direction and bows her head slightly when she shakes my hand. Pretty at thirty-five, she's the first face that patients see when they get off the plane to receive and egg donation. She ferries customers to and from the airport and helps ease their cultural transition from abroad. As a medical coordinator her skills are in demand, but it's not just because of her hospitality. For the less public side of her job she locates and recruits egg donors from wherever she can find them.
In country with an influx of legal and illegal Russian immigrants, she says that many women find themselves in a place where they have few other options to earn cash. "They start relationships with Cypriots who they meet on the Internet. They come and think that they are going to have a good life. Two or three months later they are no longer together and the girls find themselves helpless. She has no place to live, she has no job, and she has no visa to get a job. For Russians now it is hard for them to get papers. She is in trouble. She starts to think where to get money. But she has her health, and she is quite beautiful," she says to me in an upscale café on the Cypriot coast. These are the people who come to sell their eggs.
Natasha agreed to speak with me on three occasions on the condition that I would change her name and not mention the name of the specific clinic that she recruits for.
She tells me about her friend Doylana who came from Russia and was sleeping on friends floors because she had no way to get home. "She visited me and I told her about how she could make money selling her eggs. She gave them and then used the money to buy a plane ticket home."
She says that donors earn between $1100-$1400 for their effort and pain, and while she says that the money can be a motivation, she isn't sure what sort of risk it entails. "You would have to be stupid to do this several times?" she says, "Who knows how dangerous this is down the line?"
Whatever the risks, the money that clinics offer is enough attract an almost endless supply of Eastern European egg sellers. While not every clinic uses scouts, the situation is similar in both Cyprus and Spain. Small amounts of cash are incentive enough to attract only a certain low-income group of donors.
Scott Carney is an investigative journalist, his first book about the international trade in human bodies will appear in Harper Collins in 2011, see his updates at redmarkets.com
This Story is a part of:
The Price of White Eggs
See more in this project
Scott Carney
Scott Carney combines anthropology with long-form investigative journalism. He is a contributing editor for WIRED magazine and his work also appears in Mother Jones, NPR, Fast Company...
Story funded by the Pulitzer Center – donate now to support more stories like this!
Migrants, Displaced People and Refugees, Human Rights, Poverty, Public Health


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TL;DR, hell no. He's outrageously good at this. I might as well have lit my money on fire. For more, read on.
I am, as evidenced by the sparingly updated content at this URL, a fantasy football hobbyist. I dabble in both season long and daily fantasy sports (DFS) contests regularly as a result.
It can be fun to scoop head to head games against some of the DFS pros out there and test yourself.
I am mainly a DraftKings player, and as such, there's no more prominent DraftKings NFL DFS player than the host of The Daily Fantasy Edge and self-proclaimed father of the most beautiful beast in the world, Gerri, one @AdamLevitan.
I literally don't know Adam at all, so I'm not here shilling someone else's results for any personal gain or anything. He's just the most prominent cash game player I'm personally aware of with publicly accessible results to evaluate, which is why I chose him. I write these for me and to help improve my own process – if my tens of readers learn something from this, great!
Anyway, during the NFL season, Adam shares his prior week results on Mondays, as well as his final thoughts on the week and why he settled on his final selections for his team(s).
I didn't attempt to scoop Adam once until Week 16. I won. After ordering a single duck treat for my own beast, I quickly realized this was Adam's worst week of the year. I decided to scoop him again to test myself in Week 17, where Adam beat me as well as 97.9% of his overall opponents quite easily.
I decided I wanted to look back at the 2018 regular season and compare my own cash game teams to his to see exactly how I did.
I was able to use my scores from this site's official three-man league (yes, Dave and I still ran the contest despite not doing content really at all this season) to quickly grab my own cash team scores. This was the right move for me since I typically enter a few head-to-heads or single entry double ups each week with the league lineup.
Week cdr02989 AdamLevitan Did I Win?
By backtesting Adam's posted win rates in his cash game review column, I calculated that his ROI % on the season must have been near a totally absurd 34.91% (assuming he played the same volume every week), netting a profit of roughly $0.35 for every $1 put in to NFL DFS. Hats off to Adam for that.
I clearly did way worse. Looks like I'm not going pro any time soon at DFS.
I think I learned a lot more this season in my third year playing each week. Inspired by Adam's transparency, I'll be calculating my own week to week win rates and evaluating my play even further after Conference Championship weekend wraps up.
It's important to set benchmarks in life, and set goals to get better at anything you choose to do. This offseason, I plan to scrutinize my game selection more closely to see where I can better set myself up for success in 2019 NFL contests. I kind of passively know I may have left some money on the table some weeks.
Maybe I'll inch closer to being able to compete with the pros consistently as a result of the exercise.
I'm Chris. I'm an MLB/NFL daily fantasy sports hobbyist with several participation trophies. You can find me on DraftKings at @cdr02989. While I might post from time to time about players I am thinking about, I reserve the right to play different ones. Your mileage may vary.
I breathe oxygen, drink water, and consume calories. We have so much in common!
Special thanks to FantasyPros.com for access to their rankings tool!


STOCKHOLM — Iceland's Pirate Party leader Birgitta Jonsdottir has been asked by the president to try to form a new government, local media reported on Friday, after the two largest parliamentary parties each failed to put together a coalition.
The anti-establishment Pirate Party, which came third in an October election, will continue talks with four other parties represented in parliament, the Left-Greens, Social Democrats, Bright Future and the Reform Party.
The Left-Greens suspended coalition negotiations last week. The Independence Party, which as the biggest party was given the first chance to form a governing coalition, said on Nov. 15 that it had failed to do so.


text:
Sixers Try to Close Out Heat Tonight – 5 Things to Watch
(Photo by Eric Espada/Getty Images)
It was just a week ago when the Philadelphia Sixers were about to tip off their first playoff series in six years against the Miami Heat. The excitement level was high around the Delaware Valley, but expectations seem to vary from making a NBA Finals run to getting knocked out in the first-round..
So how far can they go?
19-of the 22 "experts" for ESPN had the Sixers winning this series and Vegas is now on board, putting the Sixers at 7-4 favorites to win the conference.
Four games and one week later the Sixers have a shot to end this series tonight in Philadelphia.
The Sixers are on the brink of a knocking out the Heat, after sweeping two games in Miami, a place they hadn't won since 2014. Ben Simmons and the return of Joel Embiid have overcome their lack of playoff experience to dominated headlines.
That's one heck of a week for this franchise, that won just 10 games two seasons ago.
Now, they have a chance to complete their work against the Heat today at 8 p.m. in the Wells Fargo Center. Here are five things to keep your eye on in this game.
1. Can Joel Embiid continue to be a force on both sides of the court?
We all know that Joel Embiid can lead the Sixers on the offensive side of the ball on any given night. However it's Embiid's impact on defense that really changed this series. He had five blocks on Saturday afternoon and helped alter various other shots on the interior. He has also helped out on the boards, averaging 9.5 per game in the series. There have been so many stars in this series for the Sixers, from guys hitting three's in Game 1, to Ben Simmons triple-double in Game 4, but when Embiid returned after a 10 game absence, it changed the whole series.
2. Who is this series' MVP?
The race for most valuable player in this series is on. Embiid would have to get my vote now, even though he has appeared in just two games. Simmons has been next level, just 0.2 assists per game, shy of averaging a triple double in this series. Both guys make for a nightmare matchup for any team. J.J. Redick and Marco Belinelli could sneak into the conversation with a big Game 5 tonight, but my vote goes to Embiid for the way he changed the series in Game 3 and Game 4 both offensively and defensively.
3. Will Brett Brown continue to ride his starters?
One of the surprises in this series has been Brown's usage of the Sixers bench. Nobody thought that they would be one of the deeper teams in the playoffs, but that bench has been even shorter than expected. The one exception is Marco Belinelli, who has seen 30.8 minutes per game in this series. He is scoring 18 points per game, hitting 11 three-point shots on 27 attempts (40%) in the series The one other guy Brown has given extended minutes to in their series is Ersan Ilyasova. Ilyasova is 5-15 in the series from behind the arc, but where he has really been a factor is his 9.0 rebounds per game, in 25.8 minutes per game.
The back-up guard minutes have been sparse, Markelle Fultz looked over his head in his short Game 2 run and hasn't been a factor at all in the series, averaging just 7.7 minutes per game. T.J. McConnell has been limited to just 6.8 minutes per game and Justin Anderson is getting 6.7 minutes per night.
the question is, can the Sixers make a deep playoff run, using just two guys off the bench, or are they going to have to find a third player to contribute some minutes as these playoffs continue.
4. Can the Sixers stay healthy?
This series isn't over yet, but the Sixers are in firm control with a home game tonight with a chance to close things out. But the big question tonight is, can the Sixers stay healthy in hat has been a very physical series. Just eyeball test here – since Joel Embiid's return, the Sixers have completely overwhelmed the Heat in every facet of the game in this series, while the Heat have played hard, they simply aren't talented enough. It's critical for the Sixers to stay completely healthy if they have any thoughts of making a deep playoff run. Joel Embiid's eye injury, and J.J. Redick has had some lower back issues entering these playoffs - but for the most part the Sixers have been healthy in a very physical first-round series.
5. Sixers fan unite!
If you're at the Wells Fargo center, bring your A game tonight, be loud and proud and help the SIxers end this series in 5 games, and move on in to the second round of the NBA playoffs for the first time since 2012.
Filed Under: Ben Simmons, joel embiid, Marco Belinelli, Sixers
Categories: Articles, Audio, Interviews, Sixers


text:
module Main where

import D5Lib
import Text.Megaparsec
import Text.Megaparsec.String
import System.Environment (getArgs)

parseFile :: Parser Jmps -> String -> IO ParseResult
parseFile p path = do
  contents <- readFile path
  return $ parse p path contents

main :: IO ()
main = do
  file <- head <$> getArgs
  parseResult <- parseFile parser file
  let stepCount1 = (run' stepP1) . start <$> parseResult
  putStrLn $ "p1: steps taken = " ++ (show stepCount1)
  let stepCount2 = (run' stepP2) . start <$> parseResult
  putStrLn $ "p2: steps taken = " ++ (show stepCount2)


text:
Whitewashing History
Pinker's (Mis)Representation of the Enlightenment and Violence
in Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques
Author: Philip Dwyer 1
1 University of Newcastle Philip.Dwyer@newcastle.edu.au
https://doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2018.440107
capital punishment; the crowd; empathy; Enlightenment; French Revolution; violence
Purchase article (USD $22.00)
All currencies in US Dollar
In Steven Pinker's The Better Angels of Our Nature, there is a before and an after. Before the Enlightenment, the world was superstitious, cruel, and violent; after the Enlightenment, the world was rational and more peaceful. Pinker thus reduces violence to a fairly simplistic concept: all violence can be equated with irrationality, unreason, and ignorance. History is never as straightforward as Pinker would have his readers believe, and violence is a much more complex notion that is often driven not by superstition or unreason, but perfectly "rational" motives. This article argues that there is little causal connection between Enlightenment values and the decline in violence and that changes came about as a result of a complex series of reasons, some of them less than edifying. It raises the interesting question of whether ideas drive history, or whether they are simply the "ideological" bedrock on which change is grounded.
Philip Dwyer is Professor of History and founding Director of the Centre for the History of Violence at the University of Newcastle, Australia. He has written on the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, memoirs, violence, and colonialism. He is the general editor (with Joy Damousi) of the four-volume Cambridge World History of Violence, forthcoming with Cambridge University Press.
Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques
© Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques and Berghahn Books 2018
Issue Table of Contents
The Past as a Foreign Country
Were There Better Angels of a Classical Greek Nature?
Getting Medieval on Steven Pinker
The Complexity of History
Assessing Violence in the Modern World
The "Moral Effect" of Legalized Lawlessness
Does Better Angels of Our Nature Hold Up as History?
The Rise and Rise of Sexual Violence
The Inner Demons of The Better Angels of Our Nature
What Pinker Leaves Out
The Enlightenment, Empathy, and the Reduction of Violence
Do Ideas Drive History?
The Paradox of the Enlightenment
Reason and Violence in History
Getting the History Right
Article by Philip Dwyer


Then, you visit the site https://www.google.com/chrome. The site will detect you operating system and display the appropriate download page as below. Click Download Chrome.
Select 64-bit .rpm (For Fedora/openSUSE). Click Accept and Install.
If you are using Firefox browser, it will display a box as below. Select Open with Software Install and Click OK.
Click Install. You may need to enter your password to authentication.
Click Continue to complete the installation. The installation will complete after a while. For Fedora 19 and Fedora 20, the installer will just resolve the package dependencies and proceed with the installation.
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Q: I don't succeed to use LOCF method as I want I am now working on a dataset that has many missing values. I am using LOCF method to replace missing values (cause it is repeated measures). I used na.locffunction to do the replacement of the missing values. Here is a simulation example I did on a dataframe I created
library(zoo)
ID<-c(rep(01,3),rep(02,3),rep(03,3),rep(07,3),rep(08,3),rep(10,3),rep(11,3),rep(13,3))
AA<-c(2,2,3,NA,2,3,4,1,NA,3,2,1,0,2,1,3,0,3,2,1,4,NA,2,NA)
BB<-c(2,3,0,4,1,3,1,0,2,3,4,3,1,0,NA,3,4,0,1,2,3,3,2,NA)
CC<-c(NA,2,3,4,3,4,2,3,2,3,5,1,NA,3,0,0,1,2,3,NA,3,2,1,2)
DD<-c(NA,3,3,2,1,13,4,22,2,3,NA,2,3,0,2,1,2,3,NA,3,2,1,4,2)
Jr<-rep(c("J0","J1","J2"),8)
data_rep<-data.frame(ID,Jr,AA,BB,CC,DD)
data_rep_locf<-na.locf(data_rep,na.rm=FALSE)

Here is the dataframe before the replacement of missing values.
data_rep
  ID Jr AA BB CC DD
1   1 J0  2  2 NA NA
2   1 J1  2  3  2  3
3   1 J2  3  0  3  3
4   2 J0 NA  4  4  2
5   2 J1  2  1  3  1
6   2 J2  3  3  4 13
7   3 J0  4  1  2  4
8   3 J1  1  0  3 22
9   3 J2 NA  2  2  2
10  7 J0  3  3  3  3
11  7 J1  2  4  5 NA
12  7 J2  1  3  1  2
13  8 J0  0  1 NA  3
14  8 J1  2  0  3  0
15  8 J2  1 NA  0  2
16 10 J0  3  3  0  1
17 10 J1  0  4  1  2
18 10 J2  3  0  2  3
19 11 J0  2  1  3 NA
20 11 J1  1  2 NA  3
21 11 J2  4  3  3  2
22 13 J0 NA  3  2  1
23 13 J1  2  2  1  4
24 13 J2 NA NA  2  2

Now here is the output after the replacement of missing values
data_rep_locf
   ID Jr AA BB CC DD
1   1 J0  2  2 NA NA
2   1 J1  2  3  2  3
3   1 J2  3  0  3  3
4   2 J0  3  4  4  2
5   2 J1  2  1  3  1
6   2 J2  3  3  4 13
7   3 J0  4  1  2  4
8   3 J1  1  0  3 22
9   3 J2  1  2  2  2
10  7 J0  3  3  3  3
11  7 J1  2  4  5  3
12  7 J2  1  3  1  2
13  8 J0  0  1  1  3
14  8 J1  2  0  3  0
15  8 J2  1  0  0  2
16 10 J0  3  3  0  1
17 10 J1  0  4  1  2
18 10 J2  3  0  2  3
19 11 J0  2  1  3  3
20 11 J1  1  2  3  3
21 11 J2  4  3  3  2
22 13 J0  4  3  2  1
23 13 J1  2  2  1  4
24 13 J2  2  2  2  2

If one look at the value of column AA and row 4 it took the value of row 3 of same column(that is 3). The ID 2 at day 0 took the value of day 2 of ID 1 while they are different individuals. I instead wanted NA for day 0 of ID2 in the column AA (In order to think to another way of replacement for values of day 0 without the LOCF method). How can I deal with this problem and using at the same time the LOCF method.
Best regards!!

A: 1) by Use by to split the data into a component for each ID and use it to apply na.locf to each such component.  Finally rbind the components back together.  No additional packages are used.
do.call("rbind", by(data_rep, data_rep$ID, na.locf, na.rm = FALSE))

2) ave Another approach is to use ave on each column.  No additional packages are used.  Note that na.locf0 is lke na.locf but only works on vectors and defaults to na.rm = FALSE.
AVE <- function(x) ave(x, data_rep$ID, FUN = na.locf0)
replace(data_rep, TRUE, lapply(data_rep, AVE))

2a) If it is ok to overwrite the input this can be written compactly as:
AVE <- function(x) ave(x, data_rep$ID, FUN = na.locf0)
data_rep[] <- lapply(data_rep, AVE)

3) dplyr Yet another approach is to use group_by in the dplyr package:
library(dplyr)

data_rep %>%
  group_by(ID) %>%
  na.locf(na.rm = FALSE) %>%
  ungroup

4) data.table
library(data.table)

DT <- as.data.table(data_rep)
DT[, na.locf(.SD, na.rm = FALSE), by = ID]

Note that this question is similar to this one except this question has multiple columns -- Carry Last Observation Forward by ID in R

A: Thanks G. Grothendieck for your response that solve my problem. But the dplyr method (Which i like usualy) seem to not work cause the value of row 4 in the column AA is still 3 (that is the last value of the prior subject) instead of NA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Aberdeen South »
Hazlehead/Queens Cross/Countesswells »
AB15 8LE
Aberdeen South and North Kincardine »
Area Information for John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE
John Porter Wynd in Aberdeen is in Scotland. The postcode is within the Hazlehead/Queens Cross/Countesswells ward/electoral division, which is in the UK Parliamentary Constituency of Aberdeen South. The Scottish Parliament constituency is Aberdeen South and North Kincardine. This page combines information for the address John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE, and the neighbourhood in which it resides. If you wish, you can also view information for the whole of AB15 here. For more details on the exact area these statistics cover, please see the map below and click "Show Census Area Covered" immediately below the map.
Area Type Accessible Rural
Ward Hazlehead/Queens Cross/Countesswells
UK Parliamentary Constituency Aberdeen South
Scottish Parliament Constituency Aberdeen South and North Kincardine
Our information is available for almost all UK postcodes. Why not take a look at some of these other postcodes in the immediate vicinity of John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE:
John Porter Place, Aberdeen, AB15 8LF
Beckram Terrace, Aberdeen, AB15 8LW
Beckram Close, Aberdeen, AB15 8LU
Hazledene Drive, Aberdeen, AB15 8AU
Hazeldene Manor, Aberdeen, AB15 8AN
Countesswells Close, Aberdeen, AB15 8LY
The information on housing, people, culture, employment and education that is displayed about John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE is based on the last census performed in the UK in 2011. They are performed once every 10 years. Please note: census information may include figures for adjacent streets and postcodes. The figures are therefore representative of the local area, not a specific street address or row of houses. The census collection is designed so that each group of postcodes should contain at least 100 people (50 in Scotland). This is done to preserve the anonymity of the people in that area, as some postcodes cover a very small area, sometimes a single building. You can see the area covered by the census statistics by clicking "Show Census Area Covered" below the map above.
The area containing John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland consists predominantly of detached housing, a strong indicator of affluence. Please note that the figures may include adjacent streets - see the Summary tab for an explanation and map of the area that these figures cover.
Detached 39
This area contains a mixture of housing tenures, as detailed below. Across the UK, an average of 30.6% of household spaces were owned outright, 32.9% were mortgaged, 18.2% were social housing, and 16.3% were privately rented at the last census.
One Person 4
Across the UK as a whole, the gender split is roughly equal at 49% male, 51% female. This address in Aberdeen South UK Parliamentary Constituency is broadly in line with those figures, with 47% male.
The postcode AB15 8LE does not show a significant deviation from the average figures for the UK. In the UK as a whole, the average figures are approximately as follows for relationship statuses: 34% single, 47% married, 3% separated, 9% divorced, 7% widowed, and 0.2% same sex.
John Porter Wynd and surrounding area has a larger than average concentration of residents that are degree educated or similar - 53% of the resident population. On average, around 27.1% of census respondents fall in to this category.
This address within the Hazlehead/Queens Cross/Countesswells ward is entrepreneurial, with a larger than average concentration of residents that are self-employed - 15% of the resident population. On average, around 9.7% of census respondents were self-employed. Male residents were more than twice as likely to be self-employed than women.
AgricultureInc. Forestry and Fishing 3
Financial ServicesInc. Insurance 1
Professional, Scientific and Technical 11
Below are the details of the closest services to AB15 8LE. All distances are straightline distances, please consult the map of the facility to check the exact location. You can also view these details on our interactive services map for AB15 8LE.
Listed here are the 4 closest railway stations to John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE. The nearest railway station is Aberdeen, approximately 2.8 miles away.
Dyce 5 miles
Stonehaven 12 miles
Listed here are the 10 closest primary schools to John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE. The nearest is Hazlehead Primary School, approximately 0.6 miles away.
Airyhall School 0.7 miles
Countesswells School 0.7 miles
Cults Primary School 1.4 miles
Kingsford School 1.5 miles
Listed here are the 10 closest secondary schools to John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE. The nearest is Hazlehead Academy, approximately 0.8 miles away.
Cults Academy 1.4 miles
Listed here are the 10 closest GPs (General Practitioners) to John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE. The nearest is Great Western Medical Practice, approximately 1.1 miles away. Please consult the facility to check if they are currently accepting new NHS patients.
Cults Medical Group 1.3 miles
Garthdee Medical Group 1.7 miles
Rubislaw Place Medical Group 2.2 miles
Holburn Medical Group 2.2 miles
Listed here are the 10 closest hospitals to John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE. The nearest is Maidencraig House, approximately 0.9 miles away.
375 Great Western Lodge 1.6 miles

Local Area Information About John Porter Wynd, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB15 8LE


KANSAS CITY, Mo. – For the sixth-straight week, Morningside (Iowa) tops the 2014 NAIA Football Coaches' Top 25 Poll, the national office announced Monday. The Mustangs, fueled by 15 first-place votes and 340 points, have been ranked No. 1 in 15 of the last 21 polls and have made 33-straight top-five appearances.
Morningside, which is the only remaining unbeaten team in NAIA football at 7-0, continues to roll through its Great Plains Athletic Conference schedule. The Mustangs downed cross-town rival Briar Cliff (Iowa), 63-0, last Saturday. Morningside was dominant in all facets of the game, racking up 693 yards of total offense while holding the Chargers to a season-low 86 yards of total offense. Morningside hosts Concordia (Neb.) on Saturday, one week before arguably its toughest test of the season when it hosts No. 8 Northwestern (Iowa) on Nov. 8.
No. 2 Carroll, No. 3 Grand View (Iowa) and No. 4 Faulkner each climbed one spot this week.
The Fighting Saints, who received 327 points, improved to 6-1 with a 20-12 win at Montana Tech over the weekend. All-America running back Dustin Rinker posted his sixth 100-plus rushing yard performance of the season with a 199-yard effort. Rinker enters the week with 957 rushing yards on the year, 43 yards shy of reaching 1,000 yards rushing for the third time in his career at Carroll.
Grand View garnered 313 points en route to its first top-three appearance since being No. 1 on Sept. 15. The Vikings have won five-straight, including a 53-24 victory at St. Ambrose (Iowa) on Oct. 25. Grand View, which is 4-0 in the Mid-States Football Association Midwest League, holds a two-game advantage in the league standings over three teams tied in second place with three weeks to play.
Similarly to Grand View, Faulkner kept itself in the driver's seat of the Mid-South Conference West Division race with a 27-7 win at Bethel (Tenn.). The Eagles, who received 291 points in this week's edition, are 7-1 overall and 3-0 in conference action. Faulkner owns a one-game advantage over No. 12 Cumberland (Tenn.), Campbellsville (Ky.) and Reinhardt (Ga.), which are all tied for second at 2-1.
Rounding out the top five this week are No. 5 Southern Oregon and No. 5 Georgetown which both received 283 points. Southern Oregon enters the week with a 7-1 record after downing Frontier Conference rival College of Idaho, 66-16, last Saturday, while Georgetown (6-1) claimed a 37-26 win at Pikeville (Ky.) to remain unbeaten in the Mid-South Conference East Division.
MidAmerica Nazarene (Kan.) enjoyed the largest positive movement in the poll with a six-spot jump from No. 20 to No. 14. The Pioneers downed then-No. 2 Baker (Kan.), 34-27, in overtime last Saturday to give them wins against ranked teams in two out of the last three weeks.
Conversely, No. 21 Rocky Mountain (Mont.) dropped eight positions this week after falling to Montana Western, 20-17, over the weekend.
No. 23 Eastern Oregon and No. 25 Langston (Okla.) are the two newcomers this week. The Mountaineers return to the poll following a one-week hiatus, while Langston is making its first appearance since ranking No. 23 on Sept. 15.
The Heart of America Athletic Conference and the Frontier Conference leads all leagues with four ranked schools each.
The eighth regular season Top 25 Poll will be announced Nov. 3.
The poll was voted upon by a panel of head coaches representing each of the conferences and independents. For the entire 2014 NAIA Football Coaches' Top 25 Poll schedule, click here.
Notes (all information dates back to 1999): Morningside (Iowa) is making its 15th all-time appearance at No. 1 … The Mustangs have held the No. 1 ranking in 15 of the last 21 Coaches' Polls … Three teams have held the No. 1 ranking since the 2013 Preseason Poll: Morningside (Iowa), Cumberlands (Ky.) and Grand View (Iowa) … Carroll (Mont.) leads all institutions with 57 all-time first-place rankings and is followed by former member Sioux Falls (S.D.) (55), Georgetown (Ky.) (25), Morningside and Saint Xavier (Ill.) (14) … With the streak of Saint Francis (Ind.) snapped on Oct. 13 at 186-straight Top 25 rankings, Carroll now owns the active lead with 176, Missouri Valley with 111, Morningside with 94 and Saint Xavier with 84 … Morningside holds the longest streak of top 10 rankings, having been ranked among the top 10 teams for 43-straight polls dating back to Sept. 19, 2011 … Overall, 34 teams have been ranked in 2014 … No. 25 Friends is making its first appearance since Sept. 15, 2014 … On Oct. 6, No. 17 Valley City State (N.D.) became the first team from the North Star Athletic Association to crack the Top 25 … Baker (Kan.), Carroll, Faulkner (Ala.), Grand View and Morningside have been ranked among the top-10 in every edition this season … The Association of Independent Institutions and The Sun Conference are the only leagues not to have a team ranked at some point in the Top 25 this season.
Others Receiving Votes: Campbellsville (Ky.) 12; Reinhardt (Ga.) 8; Siena Heights (Mich.) 3; Montana Western 3.


MOSCOW -- Here are three quick thoughts from Croatia's 2-1 extra-time win over England in the World Cup semifinals on Wednesday at Luzhniki Stadium.
Croatia will face France in their first World Cup final on Sunday after overturning a 1-0 deficit to beat England 2-1 after extra time in the semifinal in Moscow. Goals by Ivan Perisic and Mario Mandzukic, following Kieran Trippier's fifth-minute opener, booked Croatia's place in the final for a repeat of the 1998 semifinal against the French.
But while Croatia's superior quality and command of the ball told in the Luzhniki Stadium, their remarkable level of energy was also key, with this game the third time they have been forced to negotiate extra time in Russia.
Against Denmark and Russia in the earlier rounds, Croatia were forced to go through the ordeal of penalties before advancing, but the fact remains that they will face France having played 90 minutes more than Didier Deschamps' team due to their accumulated extra-time workload.
This is a tough team to beat, however, and France will have to overcome Croatia's technical ability as well as their remarkable resolve.
At times in the first half, they were struggling for air against England, but Croatia held on and fought back to win. Luka Modric, who looked exhausted for much of the game, still ended up as the conductor for Croatia.
France will be favourites on Sunday, but don't write Croatia off.
England were 22 minutes from the World Cup final until their faltering game plan was finally punished by Perisic and Croatia, but they have only themselves to blame for being in position to lose this game.
Gareth Southgate's team dominated the first half, and they had Croatia on the ropes for lengthy periods after Trippier's fifth-minute free kick gave England the lead.
They then kept Croatia pressed back, stretched the game and made Zlatko Dalic's team look heavy-legged after two penalty shootout sagas to get to this stage. Harry Kane struck the post, Raheem Sterling and Jesse Lingard spurned good chances, and Croatia somehow held on to go in just one behind at the interval.
The break refreshed the Croatians, and they started the second half with greater energy and purpose. At that stage, Southgate missed the chance to make the change that would enable England to regain control of midfield.
Jordan Henderson was being asked to do the job of two men, and it was punishing work, with Luka Modric and Ivan Rakitic dictating play. When Southgate finally made the change late in the second half, it was to replace Henderson with Eric Dier rather than support him.
England have had a World Cup beyond their expectations, but they really could and should have gone even further. They should have won this game.
Dele Alli made a decisive contribution in this game, but after being fouled in the second minute for Trippier's free-kick opener for England, the Tottenham midfielder struggled to make any further impact.
If Alli's performance in Moscow is placed alongside that of Perisic, it is clear to see the difference between a player searching for form at this World Cup and one on top of his game.
Perisic, who switched between left and right flanks on several occasions during the game, was a constant threat with his pace, direct running and finishing. The Inter Milan man, who was a leading target for Jose Mourinho at Manchester United 12 months ago, netted the equaliser for Croatia midway through the second half after beating Kyle Walker to a Sime Vrsaljko cross.
He almost gave his country the lead four minutes later, when he sent a left-foot strike against the far post after finding space once again. His extra-time cross for Mandzukic also created havoc for England, with the delivery almost creating a goal.
There is a seven-year difference between Alli and Perisic, who is the older player at 29, and the experience gap showed in this semifinal. Alli went further into his shell as the game progressed, but Perisic became a greater danger as the game wore on, and tired legs became an issue.
The thigh injury sustained by Alli against Tunisia in England's opening game has lingered and affected his fitness, but even before this tournament, he had flattered to deceive on the international stage. Perisic, in contrast, has shown that he belongs on it.


There must be a busy show tonight because the results really started at 8:40 (Eastern Time) with the children's dances.
Kirill & Hanna – The two came back to celebrate at what seemed like their dance studio, but the two got back to practice. Tony came by to check up on the couple. He makes sure that they have hips. He calls them sponges and has faith. The do the Cha-Cha with large smiles the whole time. I'm surprised by the legwork and the splits that Hanna does. Len loved the footwork. Bruno loved the arm placement and the naughtiness. Carrie Ann loved it as well.
Mitchell & Maria – They had an interesting Paso and they returned to Philly. The ambulances and fire department thank them. Julianne comes in to teach. She emphasizes looking at the partner really intently while having sharp legs. They do the samba this time and cover a lot of ground. They also are very sharp. They are quite entertaining. Bruno thought that there was power and staccato in their performance. Carrie Ann thought that it was poetry in motion. Len calls them better than Julianne and Mark when they were that age.
Craig & Samantha – They returned to Jersey to a high school prep rally. As they practice, Maks shows up and he really makes sure the two are precise; even with their facial expressions. They dance the jive. They definitely capture the speed and energy associated with a Jive. I find it almost unfair that the three couples had three different styles. Craig does a kick that almost kicks his sister in the face. Carrie Ann thought that they were animated. Len is knocked out since he never saw them perform. Bruno called them energetic, active, and light (like birds).
There are no judge votes this week for the kids. It all depends on audience votes.
We have the traditional "Last Night" at 9PM (Eastern) about the whole Lance rising, Brooke struggling storyline.
The first special performer is Aretha Franklin; she is accompanied by Karina, Inna, Dmitriy, and Louis. She performs "Chain of Fools" in a large Muumuu-type dress. Her voice is still shrill. I can't get past the fact that Dmitriy was dancing in this dance. Starting with Lacey, now with Dimitriy they just keep moving "So You Think You Can Dance" contestants over. He's a great dancer though, as are all of the performers.
Leona Lewis performs "Bleeding Love" and now I really am having flashbacks of "So You Think You Can Dance" with the Chelsie/Mark performance this summer. This time we have Karina and Maks. I always love Maks' lines and Karina is so smooth; even when jewelry goes flying around. Leona's singing is as amazing as Karina's dive from the judge's table.
After the points results, the judges talk about qualities. Len thinks that Cody's strengths are his dedication and cuteness. Bruno thinks that Lance is creative and full of content. Carrie Ann likes Warren's entertainment. Len likes the technique from Brooke.
Julianne performs "My Halleulah Song." She's not exactly the best voice out there, Mark and Derek join her at first and they do a lot of spins. Lacey is next with her footless dancing. I heard a rumor that this performance was previously recorded, possibly a reason why some of the audience doesn't look the same. Derek and Lacey return and have a fun time. She then switches over to Mark, until they all sit in front of the singer.
Samantha is in the back talking to all the contestants. They all talk about how they were having a good time and have accomplished a lot.
John Legend performs "Green Light" and the camera drunkenly stumbles around in the beginning (the only thing that convinced me that this performance is also live). The women dance around him and the rest all kind of mock a live concert. John then goes into some weird beam stage. The rest of the dancers do some paired synchronized dancers then split into two lines so the camera could get away with doing swoops. They then do soul trains down the line. There is a lot of running in circles in the end until they collapse.
There is a video about the contestants' loved ones watching the contestants. Warren and Cody's mom are amazed. Brooke's husband has the hots for her. Lance's grandfather is happy as well. Cody's mother flies from Texas weekly. Lance's granddad watches and votes twice. They talk a little about the evolution of the contestants.
Aretha comes back in her muumuu performing "Respect" and Kristi Yamaguchi and Mark Ballas are back to perform. Although Aretha's voice is raspy, it's still better than half of the performers out there today. Kristi starts with some strong lifts and spins. She looks like one of the professionals out there. Kristi schools the rest of the competitors left.
There is a little bit of a clip about how hard the competition is. They all wear some black and put the contestants in some alleyway. There's also some smoke. Cody says some sort of poem involving the words "Lance," "Dance," and "Pants." I'm reminded that he's only 18.
We finally got to the results. After a synopsis of each of the contestants the two couples safe are Lance & Lacey and Brooke & Derek. The bottom two are Cody & Julianne and Warren & Kym.
After the commercial break the couple going home is Cody & Julianne. I guess the point disparity did them in. Cody talks about his growth and learning in his life from the show. He thanks everyone. They have a little goodbye clip. You know it's sappy when you hear the words, "Words can't describe." Julianne thanks him and the two go off to their last dance. The two do their final booty-shake.


Hamas has fought three wars with Israel, and the U.S. labeled it a terror group in 1997.
The militant Palestinian organization Hamas has fought three wars with Israel and is labeled a terror group by the U.S. Now, it's apparently trying to soften its image with a new mission statement.
The U.S. labeled Hamas a terror organization in 1997. It started as an offshoot of the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood. The group has conducted hundreds of anti-Israeli attacks, including suicide bombings, and has fought three wars with Israel since taking control of the Gaza Strip nearly a decade ago.
The newly released document from Hamas blames "occupiers" and Zionists for Palestinian displacement but doesn't accuse Jews outright as it has in the past.
But many Israelis aren't convinced. One former military official said the new policy was only "sugarcoating" Hamas' 1988 charter, which called for the destruction of Israel.
Softening its message might help Hamas exploit a recent power vacuum in the more moderate wing of the Palestinian Authority. The current leader, Mahmoud Abbas, has declined in popularity, which has led to speculation about his replacement.
Abbas is scheduled to meet with President Donald Trump on Wednesday.


text:
The James Watt Manuscript Collection
Identifier: SCM 166
Princeton Theological Seminary. Library. Special Collections
This collection consists of a bound scrapbook which the Reverend Watt produced from 1914 to 1922, while a missionary in India. Included in this volume are notes, typescripts of letters, and photographs.
There are no special restrictions to the access of this collection. It may be examined by library patrons under the normal rules and conditions of Special Collections.
The following is the acceptable citation for publication: The James Watt Manuscript Collection. Special Collections, Princeton Theological Seminary Library.
Born, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Graduated, Franklin and Marshall College
Graduated, Princeton Theological Seminary
Graduated, Master of Arts, Princeton University
Ordained, Presbytery of Westminster
Missionary, India
James Watt was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and graduated from Franklin and Marshall College, Princeton University (M.A., 1914), and Princeton Seminary (Class of 1914). He served as a Presbyterian missionary to India for several years, before his early death.
0.3 Linear Feet (1 Box)
Processing Information:
It is not currently known when this scrapbook was given to the Seminary. For some years it had been preserved in library storage. In October of 1996 the collection was organized and the original finding aid was written by Raymond D. Cannata, under the direction of William O. Harris, Archivist. The finding aid was edited by Sarah Seraphin and Daved Anthony Schmidt in May of 2009.
India--Missions.
Presbyterian Church--Missions--India.
MS. Manuscript Collections
Raymond D. Cannata
Part of the Princeton Theological Seminary. Library. Special Collections Repository
https://princetonseminaryarchives.libraryhost.com
Princeton Theological Seminary
Wright Library
25 Library Place
Princeton NJ 08540 USA
speccoll@ptsem.edu
The James Watt Manuscript Collection, SCM 166. Princeton Theological Seminary. Library. Special Collections.
The James Watt Manuscript Collection, SCM 166. Princeton Theological Seminary. Library. Special Collections. https://princetonseminaryarchives.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/486 Accessed January 31, 2023.


Conflicting interests must be served whenever insurance settlements are negotiated. A direct conflict arises when an insurance company has an opportunity to settle a claim against the insured within the policy limits, the company declines the offer, and subsequently a judgment is rendered in excess of the policy coverage. The insured seeks redress against the company for that portion of the judgment exceeding the actual coverage on the theory that his liability would have been totally extinguished had the insurance company accepted the offer to settle. On the other hand, the insurer will argue that by litigating, the company seeks to lessen its own liability within the policy limits. The courts have resolved who must pay the excess judgment by determining whether the insurer breached its "duty" to the insured by refusing to accept the settlement offer.


Established in 1873,T J Roberts & Son, family butchers, is one of the oldest established business in North Wales, the business is now on it's fourth generation of Roberts' to run the company.Located within the Snowdonia National Park, in the town of Bala , we still trade from the original site, although many alterations and extensions have happened over the last 20yrs. The secret to your longevity and success is our commitment to quality in both the products and service. Promoting Local Welsh produce is an essential part of our business, we source all of our Lamb, Beef and Pork locally , either direct from the farms or livestock Markets within a 30mile radius of Bala, resulting in high quality and full tractability guaranteed. Our success has been marked by winning numerous awards inc Countryside Alliance Welsh Champion Butcher, 2 True Taste Welsh Awards, and many gold awards for our sausage, burgers and pies.


Generations of children have fallen in love with the pioneer saga of the Ingalls family, of Pa and Ma, Laura and her sisters, and their loyal dog. Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House books have taught millions of Americans about frontier life, giving inspiration to many and in the process becoming icons of our national identity. Yet few realize that this best-selling series wandered far from the actual history of the Ingalls family and from what Laura herself understood to be central truths about pioneer life.
The Little House books, which chronicled the pioneer adventures of Laura Ingalls Wilder, are among the most beloved books in the American literary canon. Lesser known is the secret, concealed for decades, of how they came to be. Now, best-selling author Susan Wittig Albert reimagines the fascinating story of Laura's daughter, Rose Wilder Lane, an intrepid world traveler and writer who returned to her parents' Ozark farm, Rocky Ridge, in 1928.
Although generations of readers of the Little House books are familiar with Laura Ingalls Wilder's early life up through her first years of marriage to Almanzo Wilder, few know about her adult years. Going beyond previous studies, Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder focuses upon Wilder's years in Missouri from 1894 to 1957. Utilizing her unpublished autobiography, letters, newspaper stories, and other documentary evidence, John E. Miller fills the gaps in Wilder's autobiographical novels and describes her 63 years of living in Mansfield, Missouri. As a result, the process of personal development that culminated in Wilder's writing of the novels that secured her reputation as one of America's most popular children's authors becomes evident.
I would agree with other reviewers, there is too much Rose at the end but Rose was the one who left behind a diary etc. so I suspect the author was using what he had.
Where does Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder: The Woman Behind the Legend rank among all the audiobooks you've listened to so far?
The hard work and the way they travel and move all over the place like these places were just up the street.
Listening to the relationship between Laura and Rose. It made them jump out of the book at you. Even back then there were differences of opinions between such an amazing Mom and her daughter.
Almanzo being so sick and Laura being by his side the whole time.
They were the true American pioneer's who helped build this great country.
What did you like best about Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder: The Woman Behind the Legend? What did you like least?
This book starts out very interesting, alot of back ground on the Ingalls family but after the first few chapters it became about her daughter Rose Wilder Lane and to be honest by the end of the book I really didnt like Rose very much.
The last chapter was really beautiful, it went back to Laura and Almanzo's story.
What about Paula Faye Leinweber's performance did you like?
Was Becoming Laura Ingalls Wilder: The Woman Behind the Legend worth the listening time?
No not really, way to much about Rose and most of that didn't show her in a good light.
I listened to this one for the first time on my way to and from visiting De Smet, South Dakota, the Wilders' first home for those of you who don't know the history. So as I was driving around a touring, this was a great companion to what I was seeing. I've been a Little House fan since I was a little girl, so as an adult I got to geek-out on this road trip. But this book provides a lot of new details that aren't in other books about Wilder. And the narration is very good for a biographical work. For Wilder fans, I'd say this is a must-read!
But it's not told in a fun way and the narrator is WAY to airy and I have a high tolerance for that.
Yes, because I learnt so much about the history and what it would have been like, and I am American Studies Major!
That it was possible to hear otherwise dry facts in a way that made sense to me.
Which character – as performed by Paula Faye Leinweber – was your favourite?
hearing about Laura as an old woman and all the social and industrial change that had happened in one lifetime.
The only thing I didn't like was that for a book about Laura there was a lot of Rose in it.


I was sitting sooo long on this ahaha .. But I really like how it came out!
Great job! You know what crossover I wouldn't mind seeing?
What do the Wing Dings say?
Just give Sans a shirt.
I love this, and I love the Echo amv! ^^ Awesome!
Not sure if this was allowed by you but just in case: This site is selling your poster, without your signature. So just in case I thought i'd let you know.
Also, I extreeemmeely love this picture great job!! You can feel the power in Sans and the support of Papyrus!
Hey, thanks for telling me !
But thank you for looking out !
Yeah np. As a fellow artist myself ik id hate to see people using my art without ask and changing it >: (. idk why people have the nerve or guts to do this...It gitters and shakes me when I think someone took my art. Just the risks of posting art online... ;-; watermarks sometimes help but then it obscures art..
Yea that's a risk we gotta take :T ..
V0idless i wish you had comics! :3 The way you draw is so cool!
Though I wanted to start working on an original animated series ^^!
I am curious about something. Why does your version of Gaster fight Sans for?
Also could you try giving drawing lessons?
on drawing Undertale characters sometime?
Me and my Nieces wanted to ask you if you could create a Gaster Shimeji.
I'm working on a Undertale Comic Prequel. I have for awhile now.
How long have you been Drawing and Creating Animations?
But I wish you good luck and lots of fun with it!
Hey, i got a question. Is your version of Gaster good or evil?
Gaster from your Echo and Re:incarnation music videos!
Question thats been nagging me forever: What Are gasters plan? Hes after sansy, Yes, but Why does he want sans?!
Hmm it's an internal kind of struggle, where both are fighting over control.
Sans doesn't want to face Gaster, so he's running away most the time or falling unconcious nearly losing himself.
But when he's thinking about his friends and getting fueled with their souls and determination, especially papyrus, helps him to stand up and try to fight.
In the end he didn't win for 100% 'cuz he's still feeling Gaster's presence inside of him, like, you can try to forget about something, but in the end you can never really forget, it's always there, burried somewhere in the depths of your mind.
They were fighting for control over what?
Why was Gaster after Sans?
Your animation skills is amazing!
I'm new here but i have watched your ECHO video. The only thing that came to my mind other than "THIS IS AWESOME" was "Why is gaster after sansy??" Mind Sharing a little spoilers, please?????????
O_O its- its- ITS-! AWESOME! D: I know what my next laptop background is going to be!
Well, I actually work in the seoul comicons in Korea, which opens each month- except july and september, this year.
^^ I'd love to go and see your con, but I can't. If you want, I can get you a free entry of the comicons, if you can come, that is.
I wish I might get to meet you in real life. I'm a freakin fan of yours!!!!!! (squee) Anyways, please reply back to let me know.
Aw thanks for the offer !!
Wish I could meet you- I mean, seriously!
I love your art it is just so amazing!
for Undertale is so amazing!
I can't wait until Re:Incarnation gets released!
Happy you both like it x3!!!
v0idless, i was wondering if you could look at my profile.
all fans will like a lot. Along with a unique ship to it.
fans glued to their seats!
I am practicing like crazy on Undertale.
Oh i wish you lots of luck and fun with the comic owo!!
Making a comic is really hard haha so I hope you can keep it up x3!!!!
And keep on practicing! I also still do !
Your Re:Incarnation teaser has got me hyped all over again! Can't wait!
"I'm rooting for you, kid!"
...Is Sans holding a freaking SAVE point? I can hardly wait to see what the story behind that is.


Some Really Sad News from Kenya. (Revised) A retired PC(USA) missionary and her daughter were murdered near Nairobi last week.
Mary said that the younger woman was an RVA graduate. We pray for their families, and for the safety of other missionaries.


Windows XP will be used an entire 2 years after Microsoft's support ended. If you are looking at this and deciding whether it would be a good idea to use it as your main operating system, I would strongly advise to use something else. Windows 8.1 is very good on older hardware, and if the PC is new enough (2007+), Windows 10 is a viable option. Linux might be the best option on older hardware, and I would try installing Chromium OS from a tutorial on another guide.
Browsing the modern web on Windows XP is surprisingly smooth on recent hardware. Mind you, I am using a Macbook Pro with Retina Display from Late 2013, emulating a dual-core CPU. Internet Explorer 8 was the version preinstalled with SP3, and is almost unusable today because it lacks many of the modern features required on the modern web like HTML5 and Java vulnerability fixes.
I decided to use Firefox 43.0.1. The latest version works well on XP, and allows an operating system from 2001 to use the same modern web technologies as PCs built today. I could run HTML5 videos on YouTube, stream music from Pandora, practically everything that I would want to do online.
Neopets just isn't the same.
Windows XP has far surpassed other operating systems of the time (especially OS X 10.1 (released in 2001) - 10.4 (released in 2005) which lack any modern support). A fairly recent Chrome version was released for the OS, so it is still easy and fast to browse the web on a quality system. Make sure you have a good anti-virus and don't install Java or Flash, and you should be good to go.
It may seem less useful today with the advent of functional and easy-to-use personal web email interfaces, but in the mid 1990s to late 2000s, Email clients were all the rage in the household. Microsoft 's Outlook was a popular choice and is supported on XP through Office 2010 which still receives security patches. I decided to go with a free alternative, Thunderbird by Mozilla.
It does what it says and allows you to manage multiple email accounts in one program, along with customizability options to your heart's content. It won't win any aesthetically pleasing award, but it is functional. Outlook 2010 is better in my opinion, but it does not work at all.
Google won't allow Office 2010 to sign-in to my Gmail, probably for the best.
Office 2010, as previously mentioned, is available for Windows XP users, but if you want updates for years to come, use Apache OpenOffice. While I do not like the interface or feature set of OpenOffice, it is open-source and free.
OpenOffice Writer works well without any performance issues. Of course, that is to be expected, as the program is written to be lightweight and multi-platform.
Office 2010 runs great and so does Apache OpenOffice. I prefer MS Office, but possibly because that is what I am used to using. If you prefer Apache's solution, that's great! Office 2010 World, Excel, Publisher, and PowerPoint can still open documents made in Office 2016 and vise versa. In short, office software is no problem, but will become one soon on Windows XP in 2016.
Because Windows XP does not support DirectX 10 and DirectX 11, two crucial components of modern (and even old) games, it struggles to keep up. Steam installs and functions normally, so I downloaded Super Meat Boy (released in 2010) and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (released in 2009). On my old HP, neither of these games would have even launched. Super Meat Boy failed to load entirely. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 launched and played completely. Because it uses DirectX 9 to render, it was able to run fine on XP with the latest updates. Of course, I am using an integrated GPU in a virtual machine, so it wasn't buttery smooth, but it was playable.
Minecraft was another test I thought I should run, as in 2010, that is what I was playing constantly. It decided to launch and quickly crash, but I know it is compatible. It ran at 60 FPS when it launched, however. With a capable 2008+ graphics card, it should run fine.
Of course, Windows XP came with an array of built-in games. 3D Pinball and Minesweeper are my favorites, so for the sake of testing whether the OS is obsolete, it's time to play.
Can't you hear the beeps in your head?
3D Pinball for Windows - Space Cadet is not the most graphically intensive game I have demoed, but it is still very fun. It was a solid pinball game that was great for passing the time when the internet went out, and still is a fun distraction. Because there is not much else to add, Minesweeper is about the same, a fun distraction, but not necessarily important in 2016.
Although previously stated, YouTube runs fine on my virtual machine. Windows XP can handle 1080p, HTML5 video. It is more lightweight than it was in 2006 because of the more efficient delivery, as Flash, the old rendering engine, is a resource hog. Windows Media Player works perfectly with HD movies and music in the Media Center edition of Windows XP.
Windows XP is severely out of date, and should not be used as a daily OS. Windows Update is actually broken, and the only proper way to update now is to download the updates manually. Besides, there has not been a security patch since April 2014. Malwarebytes still supports the operating system and will keep it in check, but make sure that real-time protection is enabled, otherwise any website could potentially infect your PC (especially since XP is very susceptible to malware).
By definition, obsolete means "no longer produced or used", but Windows XP has a market share of 10.63%, which clearly displays the incredible amount of people using it today.
* It should not be used as a daily operating system. While it seems capable and supports a lot of modern software, it is not secure and lacks updates. Use Linux or a newer version of Windows instead on old hardware.