text:
CULTIVATING CHARACTER
WHY CHARACTER?
Character Solutions invests in tomorrow's leaders across communities worldwide
El Salvador, May 2017: Several character workshops and meetings provided a context for new vision within El Salvador. Salvadoran partners plan to train 44,000 educators using Character Solutions in public schools. These educators will lead by example, mentoring and influencing an estimated 1.5 million students. (https://www.facebook.com/fundarenacersv/)
Albania, March 2015: an organization has taken on the translation of our character curriculum into Albanian as a project. We are grateful for their skilled expertise and effort.
El Salvador, October 2014: Presented an 8-hour character seminar to 145 teachers and mothers at the British Academy
Mumbai, India, August 5-6, 2014: Cultivating Character training for the staff of World Vision India at in Mumbai.
Amman, Jordan, July 2014: Two week course taught to students, "Character in Leadership and the Family."
Jakarta, Indonesia, March and November 2013: Character training workshops provided to 200 educators, business professionals, and youth leaders.
Chennia, India, February 2013: Meeting with World Vision India to collaborate and cultivate character as a social investment in India's youth population.
Liberia, December 2012: 80 community leaders from the Ministry of Youth and Sports received character training
186 Liberian high school student-leaders received an all-day seminar workshop how to build and cultivate character.
South Sudan, November 2012: Meeting with Jonglei's Minister of Education, Deputy Governor, and the Police Commissioner. We're enthusiastic to be part of this peace process by cultivating character.
India, February 2012: World Vision India to integrate our cultivating character program into their services to youth—effectively touching over four million more children and youth across India.
Grenada, March 29-31, 2011. "The Ministry of Education has been applauded for developing an "excellent" Social and Life Skills curriculum. Selected primary teachers and guidance counselors participating in the pilot of the Social and Life Skills curriculum were involved in the workshop with Dr. Garmo and his wife Janice.
"The workshop, under the theme "Cultivating Character", is significant to the successful inclusion of social and life skills programme in the refocused national curriculum." Read
India, April 25, 2011: 97 community leaders at North Karnataka trained to demonstrate character while working with women and children.
India, January 19, 2011: 142 school principals were trained to implement character development at their schools in the state of Karnataka. They influence 42,500 students.


My reason for the ride, was to take another step towards returning to a level of fitness that I "useta" have, but have not enjoyed for the last couple of decades or so. My aim was to use riding the Tour de Whatcom(TDW) as an annual fitness goal, but when my wife shared a Facebook thing about this ride up to Artist Point, I signed up immediately.
It was what I would consider grueling, but not too grueling, just enough grueling to get that satisfaction of the accomplishment, but not so grueling that I would never do it again. In fact, I am thinking that the Tour de Whatcom and this Mt. Baker Hill Climb could make a nice matched set each year.
The Mt. Baker Hill Climb is described as, Ascend 4,098 feet from Chair 9 in Glacier to Artist's Point (5,140 feet elevation) in approximately 22 miles. The Mt. Baker Highway (SR542) is one of the most scenic paved roads in the world and rarely is the highway closed to motorized vehicles from Glacier to Artist Point. With steep elevation and several switchbacks, this ride is not for the faint of heart but the views are stunning.
On the way down, had to stop and just look around.
Whatcom Events picked up the Mt. Baker Hill Climb after it had been abandon by previous organizers in 2013. I can't imagine the time and effort that they put into logistics and planning needed to pull this event off. Having never done the ride before, I didn't know what to expect, but finished the up and down without incident or too much confusion. The only confusion came in trying to coordinate with my wife about picking me up at Heather Meadows. Between the two of us I think we heard that she would be allowed on the uphill side of the road beginning at 10:30am, 11:00am and 12:00am, but when I arrived back at Glacier around 11:30am she was still parked in a lineup of cars who thought they'd be on their way up by then. No harm, no foul, just a bit of confusion. Next time we will know, but next time it might be good for planners and event workers to all be on the same page, as well as getting that page out to riders in writing. A solid locked down and up road schedule would have helped us plan better, it's tough to wing it when cell service is mostly nil. Still amazed with the whole thing they put together, especially the closed road.
Going into this ride I had no experience whatsoever riding up to Artist Point. I've driven there several times and knew it was a lot of uphill. I've passed cyclists from time to time and figured they must be some sort of super athletic masochist type people. Who knows, maybe they were, but maybe so was I now? My real reason was not some sort of pleasure from pain deal, my reason was fitness and another experience.
The ride itself started in Glacier near the Chair 9 restaurant. My wife got up with me a couple of hours before dawn so that we could arrive at the start line, an hours drive from home, by 6:30am. They started us non-turbo racer types early so we would have the best chance of huffing and puffing our way to the top before they closed the course at noon. We were all let go a few minutes after 7:00am. The first section of the ride is ~12 miles and follows the North Fork Nooksack up the river valley to where you cross the river to head in earnest up to Heather Meadows. You do steadily gain about 1000 feet of elevation in this first section along the river, but it never feels steep, and it even has a couple of flat or down hill spots, but not more than a couple. The first section is a good warm up.
There is a rest area with snacks and a restroom just after crossing the river and just before the climb gets serious. It also happened, that it is where the freshly chip sealed section of road began. If there were one thing that I could say made this ride more unpleasant than all the uphill riding, it would be that fresh chip seal. The chip sealed road was oily, smelly, extremely rough and 8 miles in length, just in the section where I really started going slowly and breathing "hardly." Nothing quite like the nauseating smell of fresh asphalt. But enough complaining, I made it to Heather Meadows and the end of the chip seal. I did realize in this section, that others had a gearing advantage over me. I've got a triple chainring up front, but my rear cassette is super road small, so I spent almost the entire second half of the ride in my bottom gear. I noticed others traveling at about the same speed as I, were spinning a bit faster and some even had one more gear to help them through the steepest part of the switchbacks. I made a mental note to come up with a bit larger rear cassette, if I ride this same bike next year.
I can't tell you how good it felt to pedal past The Firs and past the Picture Lake area. It wasn't that the chip seal was gone, or that Heather Meadows is particularly flat, because it isn't. Reaching this point felt good because it meant that there was just the last steep push up to Artist Point left to ride. And it also felt good because at this point I was riding alpine, so without the forest, I could see everything ahead of me nearly up to the finish line, still some 3 miles away. Alpine also meant that everywhere I looked, there was another amazing view.
On up to Artist Point was steep, but not as steep as I was thinking it might be, pretty much seemed the same steepness as the section from the valley up to Heather Meadows. Other riders had also said it was steeper, like I was thinking it was, who knows? Maybe it was steeper, or perhaps the lack of chip seal and the addition of panoramic mountain views made it not seem so bad? So I just kept slowly pedaling and eventually got there, rode through the finish line, took a couple of pictures, put on my jacket, switched to my long finger gloves and headed straight back down because I was sweaty and it was cold and windy up there.
The ride down to the ski area and by Picture lake was amazing, nice roads, great view and effortless. Then there was the chip seal, 8 miles of the roughest "paved" road that I think I've ever ridden. Ride it slow and it was bone jarring, ride it fast and your hands and feet were buzzed into numbness almost immediately. My road bike's rearview mirror had remained affixed to this bike for hundreds and hundreds of miles but lasted only a few minutes before being ejected. A little further along I stopped to check my bike for anything else that might be shaking loose, luckily nothing had. I eventually reached the valley floor and left the chip seal behind, but I did notice more people had stopped for repairs in that one downhill section than in the whole rest of the ride. Hopefully they were safe. The last 10 or so miles along the river were pretty sweet. Smooth roads, mostly long gentle downhills, cool shady, smelled like trees, not asphalt. I had already figured out what gear upgrades I'd need for 2019 by the time I reached Glacier, where my wife was still patiently waiting for the road to open, so she could drive up and get me.
Smiling at the start line.


NEW footage has been obtained from inside the Las Vegas gunman's hotel suite from where he inflicted horror down on concertgoers.
In footage obtained by the New York Post, an assault rifle resting on a bipod is seen on the floor through the breached door, which is crisscrossed by yellow crime-scene tape.
A marker with the number 19 is seen resting near the weapon - one of 23 that police found along with shooter Stephen Paddock's body on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino.
It came as ABC reported that Paddock set up a camera inside his hotel room to capture his deadly shooting rampage - and other surveillance in the hallway to alert him as cops closed in on him, according to reports.
The shooter had at least one lens set up to tape himself as he unleashed hell on thousands of unsuspecting concertgoers below his ritzy casino suite, according to ABC News.
Apparently knowing police would eventually catch up to him, he also wired cameras in the hallway outside his room so he could see when police were getting close.
He smuggled a cache of 23 weapons into the hotel, including AK-47s and "bump stock" devices to make his guns fully automatic.
Two Nevada gun shops have confirmed that they sold firearms to Paddock in the last year and said he passed all required background checks.
It has been reported that Paddock wired $US100,000 ($128,000) to the Philippines where his live-in girlfriend was set to arrive on October 1.
It is not clear exactly what the money was intended for, NBC reported.
Paddock's 62-year-old girlfriend, Marilou Danley, travelled to Hong Kong on September 25 and then went on to the Philippines on October 1, possibly to visit family, investigators have said.
She is a native of the Philippines and an Australian citizen and lived on the Gold Coast for 20 years before coming to America.
Neighbours said Ms Danley described herself as a gambler.
Her LinkedIn page said she worked as a "high-limit hostess" at a Vegas casino.
Her slot-machine card, which is used to rack up bonuses and other benefits through play, was found in Paddock's suite, according to the Nevada Independent.
She was initially considered a person of interest, but later cleared when investigators determined Paddock acted as a "lone wolf."
Ms Danley is expected to return to the US for questioning, the Las Vegas Sheriff's Department said.
It was revealed that Paddock blew tens of thousands of dollars at casinos before the massacre.
The 64-year-old made millions from real estate deals, according to his brother; he also owned two planes and several properties across the US, and seemed normal apart from his passion for gambling large sums.
Police are investigating whether the seemingly mild mannered ex-accountant's gambling addiction drove him to carry out the deadliest mass shooting in modern US history.
His brother, Eric, revealed the mass murderer was a "big fish" in Vegas casinos.
"It's like a job for him. It's a job where you make money," Eric said. "He was at the hotel for four months one time. It was like a second home. He's known. He's a top player. He's the small end of the big fish."
US President Donald Trump has called Paddock "sick" and "demented".
"He was a sick man, a demented man. Lot of problems, I guess, and we're looking into him very, very seriously," the US President told reporters as he departed the White House to visit Hurricane-ravaged Puerto Rico.
Asked about gun laws, he added: "We'll be talking about gun laws as time goes by."
Mr Trump is due to visit Las Vegas tomorrow.
When Paddock started shooting at them through his broken high-rise hotel window, many in the crowd at the Route 91 Harvest Festival thought it was firecrackers.
It was 10.08pm Sunday (4:08pm AEDT), and country music singer Jason Aldean was in his final set when Paddock launched a vile and calculated attack from his perch high above the 22,000 concertgoers.
Police yesterday revealed he had 23 guns in his 32nd floor room in the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino, some of them mounted on tripods and converted into fully automatic weapons.
At the front of the crowd was Pennsylvania college student Shannon Monosky, 23, who was on the fourth day of a solo holiday in Las Vegas and who had headed at the last minute to the concert.
"At first there were all these pops and we thought it was nothing, but then everyone seemed to realise at once we were being attacked," she said last night.
"It was chaos. People were getting trampled, they were on the ground, they were bloody and at that point you didn't realise they were shot.
"I thought they had fallen down and gotten cut or something, because it was the last thing that you wanted to believe, that people were actually getting killed in front of you."
Ms Monosky joined the rush to the exit, trying to reach her mother at home.
"The phonecall wouldn't go through at first, because the crowd was so big your call would not actually connect," she said, fighting back tears yesterday.
"When my mum answered and I finally heard her voice, I just wanted her to stay on the phone because I thought that was going to be the last time I heard her voice."
Oregon couple Mike Sherman and Ashley Hurliman were stunned when they saw crowds sprinting past them as they walked out a Cirque de Soliel show down the Strip at the Bellagio.
"After the show, Mike went into the bathroom and I just took a seat and then all of a sudden this sea of people just comes running by me," said Ms Hurliman.
"I thought they were having fun, but then I saw the fear in their faces.
"So I ran into the men's room and started yelling for him because people were saying there's a shooter."
After spending the night on the floor of a conference room in the Bellagio, where they were told by police they had to shelter, the couple were last night keen to end their holiday early and head home.
"Everyone wanted to leave the conference centre," he said.
"It was just disbelief that we were stuck in there and couldn't get out. Everyone was frantic because they were holding us there."
With talk of multiple shooters and little detail about what was happening, the pair were relieved to return their Mandalay Bay hotel room in the morning.
"We turned on the television and just couldn't believe it," said Ms Hurliman.
"It just doesn't seem real still."
Australian IT worker Glenn Folkes was blissfully unaware of the shooting taking place just down the hall from his hotel room.
"I had just arrived from Australia and had some dinner and then went to bed and took a sleeping tablet to get a good night's sleep," said Mr Folkes, 46, from Sydney's inner west.
"About an hour later I was woken up by three SWAT guys in the room with machine guns and telling me we had to get out and quickly.
"It was pretty hectic. I was only an hour into a sleep with a sleeping tablet in me so it was obviously a bit drowsy and didn't quote know what to think."
As he was ushered towards a service lift, Mr Folkes saw more armed police with their guns pointed towards the door of a room about six doors down from his.
He doesn't recall hearing gunfire, and suspects Paddock - who killed himself before police broke down his door - may already have died.


As you'll see when you visit www.summitbriercreekam.com (mouthful!), the site is experiencing a soft launch today. We'll be adding content, photos, news, and other goodies over the next few weeks, so stick around. Meanwhile, tell your other AM friends, but not those Cole Millers, because we're planning a top secret water balloon attack on those guys this Sunday.
Perhaps you're wondering what this means for your daily dose of Connective Tissue. Well friends, CT will continue as normal. Sure, there may be an occasional drop off in daily posts, but there'll still be new content up several times a week. I'm just asking that you don't abandon me to the other me. Even though I have multiple blogging personalities, the mothership blog will still get her feelings hurt.
Okay, go check it out. Fresh stuff here tomorrow.
Reveals are supposed to involve climatic new info, not just a blank web page with a cool flash banner.
I'm still in disbelief that Rick Langston has created a blog.


The recent controversy surrounding the USA's decision to conceal from the Pakistani authorities their plans for the raid on Osama Bin Laden's compound prompted me to speculate upon the theory that (in my opinion, at any rate) the character of a nation can sometimes be assessed by the manner in which their sportsmen and women conduct themselves.
For example, it is difficult to escape the fact that the country in which the leader of al-Qaeda chose to hide himself doesn't enjoy a very good reputation - especially in cricket. In the past - and over a period of several years - many cricketing sides have experienced problems with Pakistani players and officials.
Some might say these issues could be due to cultural differences - and they may be right. However, for whatever reason, credit must be given to the CIA (or whomsoever is responsible for these decisions) for electing to avoid any confusion by taking matters into their own hands. I suspect Mike Gatting - together with several Australian umpires would have relished the opportunity to do the same.


This post is a more detailed version of an article originally published at The Conversation.
The Victorian government has overhauled regulations for site-based permitted clearing of native vegetation, in the first major reform in this area since 2002.
Vegetation management policy rarely makes headlines, but it is important, because native vegetation provides amenity, aesthetics, and vital ecosystem goods and services such as native pasture for forage, shelter for stock, erosion control and nutrient cycling for healthy soils, water purification and habitat for plants and wildlife.
The Consultation Paper attracted over 200 submissions from local councils, statutory authorities, environment groups, industry peak bodies, academics and individuals. The review was welcomed as an opportunity to improve the operation of native vegetation management policy, but the majority of submissions expressed concerns over the new regulations. To the consternation of local government, planners, environmental groups and academics, the new rules were announced in May with no further opportunity for comment.
Scientists have long argued for clear objectives, smarter use of data, models and transparent guidance in environmental decision making. The new regulations seem to answer this call with their detailed step-by-step processes underpinned by a suite of publicly available modelled biodiversity information tools. So why aren't local councils, landcare groups and scientific communities cheering this? Why the deep unease about these reforms?
One of the most significant changes is in the stated goal of the native vegetation regulations.
In the original 2002 regulations, the objective was to achieve "a reversal, across the entire landscape, of the long-term decline in the extent and quality of native vegetation, leading to a net gain". Now, the goal is for "no net loss in the contribution made by native vegetation to Victoria's biodiversity".
As members of the community, we understand that the Government has objectives for community development, economic and employment growth, affordable housing and public safety, and native vegetation management policy must balance a range of environmental, social and economic considerations.
But it's important to remember that the "net gain" objective was adopted in the first place because it was recognised that Victoria has already lost a significant amount of its native vegetation. Incremental loss was continuing, particularly on private land, and native vegetation management was a cost-effective means of protecting the productive capacity of land, the quality of water resources and biodiversity. None of these facts have changed.
Given this context, adopting a goal of "no net loss" in effect, acquiesces to continued long-term decline, instead of aspiring to improve the situation.
"Green tape" will be cut by minimising the need for expert on-site assessment and relying on modelled biodiversity information maps.
Previously, all applications for clearing required on-site assessments by consultants. Now, only those deemed to be "moderate" or "high" risk require comprehensive assessment and matching of clearing to offsets, if rare or threatened species are affected.
"Low" risk applications will be assessed solely using modelled information, and can expect land clearing to be allowed as long as compensatory offsets (also calculated using modelled data) are provided.
The risk level of an application depends on the size and location of the proposed clearing. All of Victoria has been mapped into three categories (A, B and C) that supposedly reflect "the likelihood that removing a small amount of native vegetation at a location could have a significant impact on the habitat of a rare or threatened species".
By focusing narrowly on potential impacts to just rare or threatened species, 91% of Victoria ends up in the lowest Location Risk A category (shown in light blue in Figure 1) where clearing is permitted as a right as long as it is less than 1 hectare and offsets are provided.
Rare and threatened species are important, but this limited interpretation runs contrary to the government's own definition of biodiversity that includes, "the variety of all life forms, the different plants, animals and microorganisms, the genes they contain and support, and the ecosystems of which they form a part".
This decision to ignore broadly-defined biodiversity at the risk assignment stage leaves remnant native vegetation vulnerable to being chipped away by permitted clearing and undermines the "no net loss" objective.
This decision is difficult to comprehend because the Government actually has another modelled dataset that provides a better measure of the value of native vegetation for biodiversity across the landscape as a whole. This dataset, the Strategic Biodiversity Score map (Figure 2), takes into account rarity and level of depletion of different vegetation types, species habitats, and condition and connectivity of native vegetation.
The Strategic Biodiversity score is used to calculate the appropriate compensation (i.e. offset) for proposed clearing, but curiously, isn't used to assess the risk pathway. This leads to a situation where high quality native vegetation with high Strategic Biodiversity scores can nevertheless end up classed as Location Risk A, and be susceptible to small-scale clearing.
While the regulations make smarter use of data, technology and sophisticated modelling to support decision making, steps crucial to the credibility of these tools have been missed in the haste to implement these reforms.
For instance, some of the rare or threatened species included in the construction of the biodiversity information maps include environmental weeds (e.g. Acacia howitii, Melaleuca armillaris subsp armillaris), ornamental (e.g. Corymbia maculata) and plantation (Eucalyptus globules subsp globules) species.
The accuracy of the modelled maps at the intended scale of use is crucial. But a closer look throws up some worrying surprises. For example, car parks and construction areas within the grounds of Melbourne Airport and the infield parking and viewing area within Calder Park Raceway have been classified as high risk categories B and C (Figure 3).
Conversely, well-documented locations of high conservation value threatened flora and fauna in areas like Bungalook Conservation Reserve in Kilsyth South and the Dandenong Ranges National Park have inexplicably, been classed as Location Risk A. These are unlikely to be isolated instances.
Instead of experiencing greater certainty and efficiency, proponents seeking to clear native vegetation that is not genuinely rare or threatened, or which has been misclassified as "high" risk, may face being unfairly burdened with excess costs in assessment and offsets.
In a similarly perverse way, permitted clearing of high conservation value native vegetation that is misclassified as "low" risk becomes a cost borne by the wider community.
What's behind the mapping errors?
Ironically, this means our knowledge of biodiversity is poorest and possibly most error-prone, in freehold areas that are most depleted in native vegetation and also most likely to be subject to applications to clear for urban development and agricultural intensification.
The base species habitat suitability maps built from these data have a spatial accuracy of 225m. However, the biodiversity information maps derived from these base maps claim a much higher spatial accuracy of 25m or 75m. Since 'child' datasets cannot have a true spatial accuracy that is higher than that of it's coarsest 'parent', the actual spatial accuracy of the modelled maps may not be fit-for-use at the scale of application intended by the regulations.
Where do we start to fix the new system?
First, to ensure coherence between the permitting process and the stated goal of the regulations, the assignment of risk pathways must take into account not only potential impacts on rare and threatened species, but also impacts on the value of native vegetation for broadly-defined biodiversity.
Errors are neither unexpected nor unusual given the complexity of using data from many forms and sources to model biodiversity information for a ~227,700 km2 state. But we can have more confidence in the permitting process if it includes mechanisms for procedural fairness and processes for handling inevitable errors and problems.
A good start can be made by: a) addressing data deficiencies on freehold land; b) conducting independent peer review and quality assurance testing by end-users such as local councils and planning authorities; c) providing avenues for error-reporting and d) committing resources to quality assurance, improvement and regular updating of the biodiversity information maps.
There are real opportunities to make improvements to the operability of clearing regulations that will also result in better environmental outcomes. But these can only be realised if the Victorian government is willing to properly address the concerns and solutions raised in the submissions from the wider community.


text:
Arsenal mentally stronger than ever, says Walcott
LONDON: Pundits have been lining up to question Arsenal's mental toughness and their willingness to dig deep in big games, but Theo Walcott says leadership figures in the dressing room have given the Premier League leaders a sense of self-belief.
While Arsene Wenger's side have built a reputation for flair and attacking football over the years, they have also found it difficult to maintain a title challenge, with critics pointing to fragile defending and a lack of grit.
Arsenal, who last lifted the title in 2003/04 when they went through the league season unbeaten, lead the standings on goal difference from Leicester City but failed to pad their advantage on Sunday when they were held 0-0 at Stoke.
"The mental strength in this dressing room's the strongest it's ever been," Walcott told the club's website, adding that the arrival of goalkeeper Petr Cech from Chelsea last June had added some steel to the side.
"When you have the likes of Petr Cech come into the dressing room as well, he just enhances that. He's a leader in that dressing room as well.
"We've just got to look at him because he's obviously been at the top level and won many things. We all have the belief he's got that we can push on."
With just seven points separating the leaders from fifth-placed Manchester United after 22 games, Walcott said the title race was wide open.
"You can't tell what's going to happen this year, it's just so tight," the England international said. "The amount of teams that could potentially win this league, it's probably going to be the most exciting Premier League for a neutral ever.
"No one can call it at this moment in time but we're top of the league and we can be proud of that."
Arsenal host champions Chelsea, who are 14th, in the league on Sunday.
#Premier League #Chelsea #Arsenal #Petr Cech #Leicester City #Theo Walcott'
Wade dumped from Australia's test squad for South Africa tour

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Further to the press release on 14 June 2012 entitled "STX OSV signs Letter of Intent for one PSV with Troms Offshore Supply", STX OSV Holdings Limited is pleased to announce that it has now entered into a contract with Troms Offshore Supply for the design and construction of the Platform Supply Vessel (PSV). The vessel, of STX OSV's own PSV 07 design, is scheduled for delivery in 1Q 2014 from STX OSV in Norway. The hull will be delivered from STX OSV in Romania.


text:
Q: Getting error in child view of Expandable listview I would like to use ExpandableListView in my application. Untill now everything works fine, except the childView. All the childViews are getting matched with each and every single parentView.
public class AdTypesAdapter extends BaseExpandableListAdapter {

Context context;
public LayoutInflater minflater;
ArrayList<Q2_AdTypeList> adTypeList;

public AdTypesAdapter(Context context, ArrayList<Q2_AdTypeList> adTypeList) {
    // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    this.adTypeList = adTypeList;
    context = context;
}

public void setInflater(LayoutInflater mInflater, Context context) {
    this.minflater = mInflater;
    context = context;
}

@Override
public int getGroupCount() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return adTypeList.size();
}

@Override
public int getChildrenCount(int groupPosition) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return adTypeList.size();
}

@Override
public Object getGroup(int groupPosition) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return null;
}

@Override
public Object getChild(int groupPosition, int childPosition) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return adTypeList.get(childPosition);
}

@Override
public long getGroupId(int groupPosition) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return groupPosition;
}

@Override
public long getChildId(int groupPosition, int childPosition) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return childPosition;
}

@Override
public boolean hasStableIds() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return false;
}

@Override
public View getGroupView(int groupPosition, boolean isExpanded,
        View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    if (convertView == null) {
        convertView = minflater.inflate(R.layout.ad_details_parent_layout,
                null);
    }

    TextView noOfImpressions_textView = (TextView) convertView
            .findViewById(R.id.noOfImpressions_textView);
    TextView amount_textView = (TextView) convertView
            .findViewById(R.id.amount_textView);
    noOfImpressions_textView.setText(String.valueOf(adTypeList.get(
            groupPosition).getAdvImpression()));
    amount_textView.setText("$"
            + String.valueOf(adTypeList.get(groupPosition).getAdvPrice()));

    // ((TextView) convertView).setChecked(isExpanded);
    return convertView;
}

@Override
public View getChildView(int groupPosition, int childPosition,
        boolean isLastChild, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

    TextView adDesc_textView = null;
    if (convertView == null) {
        convertView = minflater.inflate(R.layout.ad_details_child_layout,
                null);
    }
    adDesc_textView = (TextView) convertView
            .findViewById(R.id.adDesc_textView);

    adDesc_textView.setText(adTypeList.get(childPosition).getAdvDesc());
    return convertView;
}

@Override
public boolean isChildSelectable(int groupPosition, int childPosition) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return false;
}

}
Here the adTypeList consists of data for both parent and childview![
I would like to get exactly what it is in the image. But what I get in my output is that the total number of childview I have is attached to each and every parentview]1

A: I think your getChildrenCount should always return 1 based on your data model (each parent has exactly 1 child)
@Override
public int getChildrenCount(int groupPosition)
{
    return 1;
}

By returning adTypeList.size() you basically say that the group at position groupPosition has adTypeList.size() children.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
IMF Survey, Volume 34, Issue 07
The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
IMF Survey Vol.34, No.7 April 2005
At a glance: IMF financial data
In the news: overview Ministers urge vigilance to safeguard global economic pickup
All nations urged to tackle global imbalances
IMF must adapt to meet strategic challenges
Research: Global growth in 2005 likely to remain robust, despite risks
Research: Oil market to remain volatile on rising demand, sluggish supply
Policy: Ministers seek to step up poverty reduction efforts
Policy: MDGs pose daunting challenges, require urgent action
Regional focus: More open markets, greater aid needed for Africa
Africa's prospects improve, but MDGs remain out of reach
Country focus: Brazil—Achieving its vast potential
Reforms and debt relief set stage for accelerated poverty reduction in Honduras
IMF lending: Stand-By, EFF, and PRGF arrangements as of March 31
Research: Some hope from latest data on world poverty
Regional prospects
Risky business: interest rates, oil, and imbalances
All regions have a part to play
Widening current account imbalances
Global economic growth in 2004, at 5.1 percent, was the highest in decades, announced Raghuram Rajan, IMF Economic Counsellor and Director of the Research Department, at an April 13 press conference releasing the April 2005 World Economic Outlook (WEO). The WEO projects 4.3 percent growth in 2005, which is close to the trend rate, but higher and volatile oil prices, rising interest rates, and widening current account imbalances mean the risk to that projection is tilted to the downside. And there has been increasing divergence in growth across regions: the expansion is still overly dependent on growth in the United States and emerging Asia, while sustained recovery is yet to be seen in the euro area and Japan.
The U.S. economy "continues to hum," noted Rajan: annual GDP growth of 3.6 percent is projected for both 2005 and 2006. The WEO projects a moderation in private consumption, reflecting a withdrawal of fiscal and monetary stimulus, offset by continued strength in investment.
In the euro area, the modest expansion that seemed to be under way during the first half of 2004 hit the rails in the second half of the year, Rajan said. Weak domestic demand was compounded by weak export growth. The WEO now projects 1.6 percent growth in 2005, down from 2.2 percent projected in September.
The Japanese economy continues to be moody, Rajan remarked. In 2004, ebullience in the first quarter gave way to despondency in the rest of the year. However, underlying fundamentals have improved, and the WEO expects the economy will record growth of 0.8 percent in 2005, rising to 1.9 percent in 2006.
The two fast-growing emerging giants—India and China—have contrasting problems related to investment, Rajan noted. Investment in China accounted for an extraordinary 45 percent of GDP in 2004, and the government is concerned about the quality of this investment. In this regard, reforms in the financial sector and in public enterprises will be critical, while greater exchange rate flexibility could also help. By contrast, India needs more investment, especially in infrastructure, said Rajan. To create room in the already overstretched government budget, the authorities will have to rationalize expenditures and expand revenues. They will also have to strengthen policy frameworks to raise investment by the private sector.
Other regions of the world have also been growing robustly. One of the brightest spots in the current global recovery, Rajan said, has been sub-Saharan Africa, where growth accelerated to over 5 percent in 2004—the highest in almost a decade. The WEO expects growth prospects in Africa to remain favorable in 2005 and 2006.
In Latin America, Brazil performed notably well in 2004, with growth of 5.2 percent—partly thanks to the fiscal and structural reforms the government has implemented. The monetary authorities have appropriately responded to higher inflation by raising interest rates, and the balance between fiscal and monetary policy seems reasonable. High interest rates, Rajan said, signal the need for a greater focus on structural reforms to improve the functioning of the financial sector.
Global real long-term interest rates are incteasing.
(percent1)
Note: Shaded area indicates IMF staff projections.
1GDP-weighted average on long-term government bond yields minus inflation rates for the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
Data: IMF, World Economic Outlook, April 2005.
The projection of robust growth in the world economy is framed by significant risks, however. Rajan cited higher interest rates, high and volatile oil prices, and increasing current account imbalances, adding that these risks must be viewed in the context of two important medium-term transitions now taking place: the increasing economic importance of developing countries and the aging of industrial country populations. Too little is being done to adjust to these transitions, and current risks reflect this.
Developing and emerging market countries will account for an increasingly important share of world GDP, noted Rajan. Not only is GDP in these countries more volatile, but it will also be more commodity-intensive. Even by conservative estimates, China should see car ownership multiply 15 times over the next quarter-century, and India will not be far behind. While the spectacular growth of these countries will benefit all, it will also strain existing resources.
The second major transition is the aging of populations in the rich industrial countries. Not only should these countries be restructuring their own work environment to make better use of the changing labor force, Rajan observed, but also many of them should be sending capital to younger, poorer developing countries. "This will enable Adrian and Becky to draw on their foreign investments in their old age," Rajan remarked, "even while the younger, increasingly skilled Abebe or Nafisa receive the capital to remain productive today." Rich countries should be saving more and running current account surpluses, and poor countries should be investing more, and running larger current account deficits.
Instead, capital is flowing in the wrong direction nowadays; emerging markets are financing the rich (see table). The problem with global imbalances is not just the small but costly risk that financial markets will become wary of financing the U.S. current account deficit but also the fact that the direction of capital flows does not match what is needed given demographic trends. Markets will eventually deal with both the resource crunch and the global real-location of capital, but governments have to help markets work better by removing impediments.
Turning to global payments imbalances, Rajan stressed that all regions have a role in correcting them. Everyone seems to agree on that, he noted, but their attitudes toward the attendant policy changes seem much like St. Augustine's "Lord, give me chastity, but not just yet." A mutually agreed, credible, multilateral framework for policy action, with specifics on measures and timing, would help keep markets calm.
The United States needs to save more, Rajan said. The worthy intent of halving the fiscal deficit by 2009 needs to be backed by credible measures to achieve it. The U.S. consumer who has bought the world out of recession needs to rest a bit now and save more. Monetary policy could help if higher interest rates lead to greater household saving.
A number of emerging markets, especially in Asia, have built up enough reserves to protect against everything short of the Apocalypse, joked Rajan. The reserve buildup is now undermining monetary control. These countries, he said, need to introduce greater exchange rate flexibility, which would slow reserve buildup and allow countries to regain monetary control. Financial sector reforms to allocate capital more transparently and profitably would also increase the returns to investment. This should not only lead to higher investment but also reduce the need to save, allowing imported capital to fill the gap. Capital could then flow again in the desired direction.
Europe and Japan will have to help out too, Rajan said, by growing faster. Europe simply cannot afford its welfare state, while Japan will have difficulty dealing with its fiscal problems. Structural reforms to increase competition and flexibility are essential. When call centers are helping firms around the world squeeze 24 hours into a working day, Europe should not still be debating stretching 35 hours into a working week.
Politicians typically deal only with the painfully immediate, Rajan observed. Thus far, the periods of foreign exchange or oil price volatility have been relatively brief and the resulting pain muted, so politicians have not been forced to focus on those issues. But the world economy is running out of time; markets may not be willing to wait until after the next election. Rajan emphasized that action is needed now.
Emerging markets are financing the rich countries.(percent of GDP)
Major advanced economies2 -1.6 -1.7 -1.9 -1.8
United States -4.8 -5.7 -5.8 -5.7
Euro area3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4
Japan 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.5
United Kingdom -1.7 -2.2 -2.3 -2.4
Canada 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.5
Newly industrialized
Asian economies 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.2
Korea 2.0 3.9 3.6 2.9
Taiwan Province of China 10.2 6.2 6.6 5.9
Hong Kong SAR 10.3 9.6 9.4 9.3
Singapore 29.2 26.1 23.4 22.9
1 Projections.
2 Includes Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
3 Corrected for reporting discrepancies in intra-area transactions.
Copies of the April 2005 World Economic Outlook are available for $49.00 each ($46.00 academic price) from IMF Publications Services. The full text of the latest issue of the World Economic Outlook is available on the IMF's website (http://www.imf.org).


We can integrate with all the data points you need to make your ERP integration successful. We believe in building unified systems and your eCommerce site should be connected to your back office systems so that everything is accurately recorded. We can ensure your data is passed between your ERP platform and website seamlessly in real time via API's or other integration means.
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UNSW Business School is accredited by AACSB International Business Accreditation and EQUIS.
Big data has disrupted the skills and knowledge required of employees, across functions, to deliver value to their organisations. The demand for professionals with analytics capabilities who can skilfully apply data-driven decisions is increasing exponentially.
UNSW's Master of Analytics is one of the most comprehensive postgraduate qualifications in analytics offered 100% online and accelerated so you can graduate in only two years without compromising your career. Providing you with the skills employers demand, it's your fast-track to a rewarding and dynamic career in analytics.
UNSW's Master of Analytics program comprises of 12 online courses in total with three foundation courses, five core courses, three electives, and a project-based capstone course.
At this stage, all courses are compulsory and additional elective options may become available in 2020. There is also the option to study the Graduate Certificate and Graduate Diploma in Analytics, which combined – and with the addition of the electives and capstone course – create the masters program.
* These three courses plus any one of the Core courses make up the Graduate Certificate in Analytics.
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^ Specialised electives may be added from 2020.
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What is Data Science 'Impostor Syndrome'?
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FingerLakes Kayak and Yoga is an event series for people looking to spend time outdoors, get active, and meet connect with new friends. You'll spend the day at beautiful Taughannock Falls State Park enjoying some of New York's finest scenery. We welcome all ability levels, but the event is geared toward people with little to no kayaking and yoga experience. Hope to see you at the lake!
The day starts with a meet and greet, followed by a 30 minute Introductory Kayak class, where you'll learn basic skills such as paddling strokes and boater safety. You'll then put these new skills to use on a one hour guided paddle along the beautiful shores of Cayuga Lake.
After paddling, take a break for lunch (please bring a simple picnic lunch) and then relax for a few minutes or join on an optional hike before yoga. You'll finish the day with a one hour yoga session under beautiful maple trees on the lakeshore (feel free to bring your own yoga mat).
You'll leave feeling relaxed, a bit tired, and happy after a day spent in the great outdoors with great new friends!
Due to American Canoe Association guidelines, space in this event is limited to five guests.
Please wear clothing appropriate for activity. Secure water shoes are required while kayaking (crocs, sandals, not flip-flops). You should also bring a change of clothes, as there's always a chance of getting wet while paddling.
Small backpack to carry snacks, water, sunscreen, etc.
All guests must complete a liability waiver and medical information form.
Cancellation: cancellations must be completed 7 days prior to the event to receive a full refund. Cancellations 5-7 days prior to the event will receive a 50% refund. We are unable to refund cancellations within 5 days of the event. Please contact Caleb Stevens (stevensc12@gmail.com / 304-716-1076) to cancel.
Weather: All guests must understand that this is an outdoor focused event, and dealing with weather is part of the game. If there's a 50% or greater chance of rain in the forecast for the duration of the event, it will be cancelled, you will be notified by Caleb Stevens at 7:00 pm the night before via email and a message on the Meetup App, and a full refund will be issued.
Hazardous Weather: In the event of thunderstorms or severe weather, all guests will immediately return to their vehicles and remain inside with windows rolled up until 30 minutes have elapsed without thunder or lightning. If winds are sustained at 5 knots or greater, or waves/whitecaps are visible on Cayuga Lake, the kayak portion of the event may have to be cancelled, in which case guests will receive a $30 refund.
All participants in kayaking courses must acknowledge the ability to perform the following essential eligibility criteria.
Payment is due 7 days prior to the event and can be completed through our website. Payments are securely processed through PayPal. You will be redirected to the PayPal website and can pay with a credit or debit card - no PayPal account required.
Check out past events here!


I moved back into my moms farmhouse for the summer until I move to my apartment in Bellingham in the fall. I love how cozy my room is! The pieces have all been collected over the last couple years, mostly from thrift stores.
My bedding is a combination of a bunch of random blankets found at thrift stores, and a lot of pillows from World Market.
These pillows are all from World Market, except for the multicolored floral one, that was thrifted for $1.99!
My favorite part of my room is this window!
This lace curtain was found at a thrift store for $1.99! I love the way the light filters through it.
this picture frame, as well as the others were thrifted for a buck or 2 each.
This little yellow bike was from a small shop in Assisi, Italy!
I basically use this shelf to display all my fun little knick-knacks!
This table is, you guessed it, thrifted! The lace and candlestick holder are thrifted as well. The plant and pot are from ikea. Shoutout to Carmen for giving me these Vogue mags!
Beneath this adorable window is a shelf, and a bookshelf.
The desk is from craigslist, although it was originally from World Market. The dresser is just a handy-down and the chair is thrifted! Button pillow is World Market, floral pillow is thrifted.
The pottery and plant are from World Market, and the stained glass piece is thrifted.
I love my mix-matched pillows!
My clothing rack is from ikea.
The mirror is from ikea.
The poster is from Northwest Art and Frame in West Seattle.
Aug 12 Easy self-care tips to reduce stress.


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PADS Pacific Assistance Dogs Society (PADS) breeds, raises and trains fully certified assistance dogs. Our service and hearing dogs provide life-changing independence to those with physical disabilities other than blindness. Our accredited facility dogs work with community professionals, such as teachers, RCMP and psychologists to help support healthy communities. PADS is a fully accredited member of Assistance Dogs International. Your gift will help transform lives, and empower individuals to have an independent life.
PADS trains over 100 dogs at any one time.
663 million people in the world live without clean water.
That's nearly 1 in 10 people worldwide. Or, twice the population of the United States. The majority live in isolated rural areas and spend hours every day walking to collect water for their family. Not only does walking for water keep children out of school or take up time that parents could be using to earn money, but the water often carries diseases that can make everyone sick. But access to clean water means education, income and health - especially for women and kids.
100% of your money brings clean water to people in need.
Over 3 million assisted globally this year.
The Canadian Red Cross has played a significant role in Canadian society for over 120 years. The Canadian Red Cross Society is part of the largest humanitarian network in the world, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. This network includes the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Federation) and 190 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies dedicated to improving the situation of the most vulnerable throughout the world.
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Tree Canada is proudly dedicated to planting and nurturing trees. For 25 years, they have engaged with communities, governments, corporations and individuals in the pursuit of a greener and healthier living environment for Canadians. Since 1992, they have planted more than 80 million trees, greened more than 600 schoolyards, helped restore places hit by natural disasters and brought together urban forestry experts greening cities all across Canada.
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And more than just style, this bathing suit offers simple convenience for a low maintenance, sunshine loving, fun-in-the-sea, summer! After a work week spent dreaming of the sand and surf, don't let your beach weekend get bogged down with the hassle of packing and travel...just toss this suit in your bag and you're good to go! Hit the beach in the Mesh Tie-Dye one day... and the next, just reverse to the Gray for a completely fresh look, without needing a whole other swimsuit!


Taurus zodiac sign are very sensual by nature. They are also very sentimental and possessive. These personality traits mean that dating a Taurus tends to get very intense very quickly.
Taurus personality value steady friendships over casual ones as they are happiest when they are part of a couple. If you decide to date a Taurean, you need to be as serious as they are because they do not appreciate people who play games with their feelings.
The Bulls value home, family and stability and are happiest when they are in a serious relationship. Home is a Taurus' happy place and they want to share it with someone they love. As much as they value relationships, Taurus men and women do not like to rush into things.
It takes the typical Taurus in a relationship, a long time to open up and admit their feelings. This can be off-putting to many potential partners thus leading to a breakup. If you hang in there though, you will find that a Taurus makes a great lover, one who is dependable and steady, but also sexually passionate and exciting in bed. If you can get through their emotional barriers, you can find great happiness with a Taurus as a lover.
Taurus men may have a hard time putting their feelings into words, preferring to let their actions speak for them instead.
A Taurus man will try to show his affection for his partner by doing little things for them. When dating a Taurus man, romantic gestures are common, long conversations about his feelings are not.
Taurus men in love can be very possessive of their partners and can be prone to jealousy, which can be difficult to live with.
They can also have funny ideas about a relationship works. With a Taurus male, it is often best to let him do the courting. No one does romantic displays better than a Taurus.
Taurus women are very strong, but more emotional than their male counterparts. A Taurus woman personality may be very conventional and long for marriage and children and a stable life.
She will often go into a relationship with long-term goals in mind, as she is interested in serious companionship not a temporary romance.
Taurus females are homebodies by nature and tend to be very domestic and a natural homemaker. They like to care for their partner and lavish him or her with attention and care.
While Taurus women are happiest at home, they still appreciate the fine things in life. The best way to win a Taurus woman is to woo her.
A good way to make an impression on a Taurus lady is to treat her to a first date at a nice restaurant. If you are successful at winning her heart and you treat her the way she deserves, you will find that a Taurus woman makes for a loving and devoted partner.
Taurus love compatibility is best with other Earth signs or with complimentary water star signs. The best love matches are Taurus Virgo and Taurus Capricorn. These relationships are very stable and nurturing, though they can lack emotional intensity.
Taurus Scorpio pair soul mates are also compatible though this pairing can be very intense due to Taurus' possessiveness and Scorpio's moodiness, however the sexual chemistry can be amazing and this pairing can achieve an incredible emotional intimacy.
Taurus' tend to conflict with Fire and Air signs because of core personality differences. The worst matches for a Taurus come from these two elements. Taurus' do not tend to do well with the equally strong-minded, but more aggressive Aries (Taurus Aries). Practical, home-body Taurus' also do not mate well with free-spirited Sagittarians (Taurus Sagittarius) or restless, fickle Geminis (Taurus Gemini).


The 2016 Queen's Regatta will take place on Saturday 7th May on Castlewellan Lake, Castlewellan Forest Park, County Down. This is a full status event with a 1500m long course and will consisting of 6 fully bouyed lanes with stake boat starts. This has been a fantastic event in the past and it promises to be a great day of racing.
Full information on the event including draw available here.
Best of luck to all at the Regatta this weekend.


Enjoy two 90-minute drawing lessons with Steiner School alumna, Upper School Art Instructor, and renowned artist Rallou Hamshaw. The media employed will be charcoal and black pastel. Classes will be held on January 9th and January 16th, from 8:30 - 10:00 AM in the US art room. All materials provided.


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More info on International Typographical Union
International Typographical Union: Map
Categories: Organizations established in 1852 > Canadian Labour Congress > AFL-CIO > 1986 disestablishments
The International Typographical Union (ITU) was a labor union founded on May 3, 1852 in the United States as the National Typographical Union. In its 1869 convention in Albany, New York , the union—having organized members in Canada —changed its name to the International Typographical Union. A 1986 merger vote, series of local mergers, and a 1988 jurisdictional agreement led to most of the ITU's mailers joining the IBT while the remaining typographers of the ITU joined the CWA. As of its dissolution in 1986, the ITU was the oldest surviving trade union in the United States.
The ITU was an industrial union with members involved in many aspects of the printing trade. For the first five decades of its existence, the union wielded influence greater than its raw numbers. Informally known as "printers", typographers were educated and economically mobile, which enabled them to influence the political process more readily than blue-collar workers could.
The nature of the printing industry also provided the printers with economic strength. Newspapers existed in virtually every major urban center in every section of the U.S. and Canada, and with them came the typographers' union. Printers had the ability to shutter the employers' mouthpiece, giving the union more power than the employer could muster.
ITU President W.B. Prescott, aware of this power, led the ITU in 1897 to win the best working conditions in the American publishing industry — a 48-hour work week and a standard wage scale for all printers in the city. During the Great Depression, the ITU introduced the 40-hour work week across the industry at no cost to employers as a way to share the fewer jobs available. That ITU initiative spread to other unions and has since been codified across the labor sector by federal legislation in the U.S. establishing the 40-hour work week.
The ITU was also a progressive union and sought to eradicate discrimination on the basis of race or sex. Women, namely Augusta Lewis, Mary Moore and Eva Howard, were permitted to join the union in 1869, making the ITU one of the first unions to admit female members.
The ITU is notable for its long history of democracy, popularized by the 1957 book Union Democracy. The local scale committees worked for a decent wage while the executive council sent ITU representatives to assist local unions in contract negotiations. All contracts had to be approved and ratified by both the Executive Council and the newspaper publisher. For most of its history, the ITU benefited from friendly and strong competition between Independents and Progressives for control of the union. Today, however, the ITU printers have been marginalized, due to the general elimination of the typographers' trade due to automation, computers and mechanization. The remnants of the union membership are in the Communications Workers of America and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters.
The concept for a typographical union was formed at a New York City meeting of 18 representatives from typographers' associations in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Kentucky in December 1850. A committee led by John Keyser of Philadelphia was formed to investigate issues and propose a plan of action.
The representatives met again in Baltimore in September 1851. While they resolved to form a national union, no other actions were taken.
Finally, delegates from typographers' unions in 14 cities met in Cincinnati , Ohio , in May 1852 and organized the National Typographical Union. A random drawing enabled the Indianapolis local to become Local Union #1 and the new headquarters. In 1869, a new Constitution was adopted, accepting the affiliation of Canadian printing trade unions and changing the name to the International Typographical Union. In 1873, at Montreal, Canada, the first ITU convention outside the United States was held. The ITU Book of Laws would be amended many times, yet it was as members called it "ITU Law." Each union shop was a "Chapel" and the shop steward was the "Chapel Chairman." All apprentices and journeymen had to have working cards showing paid union dues. ITU Law dictated that dues, which were proportionate to the amount of work done in the chapel, had to be paid by the first Tuesday after the last Saturday of the month. If the Union dues were not paid, the member was not allowed to work until their payment.
Original Chartered Typographical Locals
On May 5, 1852:
Indianapolis, #1
Philadelphia, #2
Cincinnati, #3
Albany, #4
Columbus, #5
New York, #6
Pittsburgh, #7
St Louis, #8
Buffalo, #9
Louisville, #10
Memphis, #11
Baltimore, #12
Boston, #13
Harrisburg, #14
Chartered later in 1852:
Rochester, #15
Chicago, #16
New Orleans, #17
Detroit, #18
Elmira, #19
Nashville, #20
San Francisco, #21
The Typographical Journal records that in May 1892 there were 300 locals.
International Headquarters Offices
At the Kansas City ITU convention of 1888, Indianapolis , Indiana was selected as the official headquarters for the International Typographical Union. ITU President Edward T. Plank, declared, "In 1888 [...] all official (ITU) business, together with books, accounts and records shall be kept [...] at the City of Indianapolis, County of Marion, State of Indiana." During the 1927 ITU convention, at Indianapolis, ITU President Charles P. Howard showed delegates the Van Camp Mansion at Meridian and Twenty-Eighth Streets, which was to serve as the ITU headquarters.
The 1959 ITU convention at Philadelphia passed an action to move the ITU headquarters and after 73 years in Indianapolis, it was decided that the headquarters would be moved to Colorado Springs , Colorado . The building began in 1961, the new ITU Headquarters (225 S. Union Blvd) and ITU Training Center (301 S. Union Blvd) being located on the grounds of the Union Printers Home (101 S. Union Blvd). The final move to Colorado Springs of President Elmer Brown and the Executive Council was completed in February 1963. The ITU Training Center, which opened on May 5, 1962, would publish The Typographical Journal, The ITU Bulletin, and The ITU Review. The former two were the oldest trade union organs founded in 1889.
Union Printers Home
In 1889, Colorado Springs, Colorado was chosen as the site of Union Printers Home. George W. Childs, publisher of the Philadelphia Public Ledger and his philanthropist friend Anthony J. Drexel gave a gift of $10,000 in 1886 to start work toward the Home, thus starting a fund which grew. The 1890 ITU convention in Atlanta approved of the Home.
On May 12, 1892, the Childs-Drexel Home for Union Printers opened on located on the corner of Pikes Peak Ave. and S.Union Bvld. "A Home for the Aged and Sanatorium for Tuberculars. Maintained by the International Typographical Union for Its Distressed Members." 19th Century printers suffered from tuberculosis, and the clean air of the Rocky Mountains, Pikes Peak area in Colorado was seen as a location to clean the diseased lungs. The home was open only to members of the ITU; members' wives or widows were not admitted. John D. Vaughn served as first Superintendent of the Home while its first member was W.B. Eckert, a retired member and former officer of the Philadelphia #2 local. The 1899 ITU convention at Detroit approved the name Union Printers Home. The home, a hospital and sanatorium, was staffed by its own doctors, nurses and other medical technicians. The lands of the home grew to to accommodate a dairy, farms, gardens, power plant, and workshops to help make the UPH self sufficient. In 1944, Dowell Patterson (1899-1968), superintendent of the home, saw that the most modern of medical equipment was furnished to the UPH. In later years, the tubercular sanitoriums were razed. Today the home serves the people of Colorado Springs and El Paso County as a health care facility with assisted living and nursing care. The main building is a State of Colorado historical site.
Women's International Auxiliary
The Women's International Auxiliary was formed at the 1902 Cincinnati ITU Convention. The WIA slogan was Spend Union Earned Money for Union Label Products and Union Services and its quarterly publication was Label Facts. The WIA contributed to the Union Printers Home Fund with various fund raising events. At each ITU convention the WIA would award prizes for the, Union Label Poster contest. Only printer wives were eligible to be elected to the WIA local and international offices. After 1948, mailers' wives were only eligible to serve the local and international WIA auxiliary as third vice president.
The Women's International Auxiliary of the International Typographical Union ceased to exist after 1986.
Technological developments in the late-1800s such as the development of lithography and photography led to diversification and specialization among printers.
Further fragmentation in the printing labor movement led to the establishment of the International Printing Pressmen Union of North America (IPPU), in 1889. In 1892, the ITU authorized membership for mailers and for newspaper writers. Pressure mounted for a separate pressman's union, and in 1892 the International Brotherhood of Bookbinders (IBB) was formed. Many pressmen left the ITU for the Bookbinders. At the same time as mailers joined, two thousand pressmen members seceded to form the International Printing Pressmen Union Assistants, (IPPUA) in 1897 and the International Stereotypers' and Electroplater's Union, (IS&EU) in 1902. At the start of the 20th Century, ITU membership was primarily compositors and mailers.
In 1894, the Louisville convention sought to have president W.B. Prescott examine ways to have newer technology under the ITU. Then, the ITU chartered a photoengravers' union in New York City. Over the next few years, the ITU organized photoengravers in several other cities as well. However, many photoengravers felt that the leaders of the ITU were indifferent to their needs.
In 1899, photoengravers in New York City went on strike to demand a 48-hour work week. ITU President S.B. Donnelly refused to support the local, fearing employers might retaliate. The New York City photoengravers won their strike, but the lack off ITU support led most of the union's photoengraver locals to seek disaffiliation. A national convention in Philadelphia in November 1900 saw the photoengravers leaving the ITU and establishing the International Photo-Engravers' Union of North America. ITU President James M. Lynch, pressured the AFL into refusing to recognize the photoengravers' union until May 1904.
In 1893, the ITU struck Harrison Gray Otis's Los Angeles Times. In 1896, the union began a boycott that ran until 1908. In 1903, ITU President James M. Lynch, persuaded William Randolph Hearst to start a rival paper, the Los Angeles Examiner.
On October 1, 1910, James B. Mc Namara, an ITU member and his brother. Joseph J. Mc Namara, secretary-treasurer of the International Union of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers placed a bomb in the L.A. Times building, killing 21 people. Famed attorney Clarence Darrow defended the brothers. They were convicted of the bombing and murder. Despite various job actions that lasted into the 1920s, the L.A. Times remained a non-union shop. This was a major defeat for both the ITU and other trade unions; Los Angeles and Southern California would be lost to trade unions except in the case of the entertainment industry.
Allied Printing Trades Association
In March 1911, five international unions created the Allied Printing Trades Association:
International Typographical Union
Photo Engravers
Stereotypers and Electrotypers Unions
In 1955, there was a new agreement, and the following unions were included in the association:
United Papermakers and Paperworkers
The Newspaper Guild
The International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers
The Plate Printers
Die Stampers and Engravers
The Mailer unions chartered by the ITU were eligible for membership in Allied Printing Trades Councils. The International Mailers Union was refused memberhip.
As early as 1879, the International Typographical Union was in the forefront of organized labor. The ITU was instrumental in the formation of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in 1882. In the same time frame, the ITU rejected the Knights of Labor. In the American Federation of Labor (AFL) presidential election of 1881, William H. Foster of the ITU defeated Samuel Gompers. In 1886, the Cigar Makers Union leader, Samuel Gompers, was elected AFL president. The ITU was the largest and strongest union in the AFL. By the end of the 19th century, ITU President S.B. Donnelly called the ITU the "strongest and most stable printing union in the United States". In 1924, William Green would succeed Gompers as AFL president. The seeds of discord between the AFL and ITU were sown.
Nearly 100 Mailer Locals would be chartered under the ITU. To mark the difference between the Printers and Mailers Unions, the ITU used the M before the local number. In New York City, Typographical #6 and Mailers, M-6. The position of the mailers was that of second class citizens in the ITU, with no voice on the executive council. Mailers Cary Weaver and Munro Roberts felt the needs of mailers fell on deaf printer ears on the ITU executive council.
The Mailers Trade District Union (MTDU) was an internal part of the ITU. Lawsuits from 1926-1944 were fought for mailer rights. The MTDU abolished by court injunction and referendum vote. In 1929, ITU president Charles P. Howard selected third vice-president, C.N. Smith (a printer) to represent the MTDU. The mailers were allowed to vote in 1930 for their MTDU representative; John Mc Ardle and Harold Mitchell served in 1934. Munro Roberts was elected as MTDU member of the executive council, (1935-1937) but, he had no voice or vote. After many heated arguments with ITU President Howard and Secretary Randolph, Roberts became committed to a separate mailer union. Moreover, the International Mailers' Union (IMU), was created and many shops would have two boards, ITU and IMU. With the departure of Roberts, Thomas J. Martin, represented the MTDU, (1938-1944). The MTDU continued by court order; however, the mailers were again without an observer to the executive council. The 1947 Cleveland convention paved the way for the demise of the MTDU and the election of a mailer to the executive council. Joe Bailey (San Francisco-Oakland Mailers #M-18), was elected third vice-president before the 1948 Milwaukee convention. ITU President Woodruff Randolph saw a way to appease mailers returning after service in World War II. The agreement made between ITU President Randolph and Joe Bailey: only a Printer would ever be President, first and second Vice-President or Secretary-Treasurer of the ITU. The position of third Vice-President would be held only by a Mailer. The IMU lost much power to draw new membership. The IMU finally was merged into the ITU in 1982. Joe Bailey served on the ITU executive council until 1973. A mailer would remain ITU third vice-president: Robert F. Ameln, (1974-1975) and the Canadian mailer, Allen J. Heritage, (1976-1986).
Fight for better working conditions
From October 1891, the ITU Mortuary Benefits were the most respected in trade unionism.
In 1906, ITU President James M. Lynch decided to use strong tactics and initiated strikes in most major cities, attempting to secure an eight-hour work day. The union had lost a fight for a nine-hour day a few years earlier; however, this time, the union spent over US$4 million supporting its striking locals. Not only did the ITU win an eight-hour work day, but the ITU strike paved the way for similar gains by the five other printing unions.
The ITU was a democratic labor union. Members served a five year apprenticeship and were tested to become journeymen. The Progressives and Independents gave the union a two-party organization. The Progressive party gave most of the leaders to the ITU.
In 1907, ITU President James M. Lynch appointed a special committee, "to formulate some system for the technical trade education of our members and apprentices." The committee selected, and President Lynch accepted, the ITU Course of Instruction: thirty-six "Lessons in Printing". Courses were first offered to members of Chicago Typographical #16 by The Inland Printer Technical School of Chicago. Alumni would be future ITU presidents, Woodruff Randolph and John J. Pilch.
In 1914, ITU President James M. Lynch resigned to become the New York State Commissioner of Labor.
Employers sought concessions after World War I as part of their 'open shop' movement. A key goal was to lengthen the work day to 10 to 12 hours. The wartime ITU president Marsden G. Scott fought back with massive strikes all over the country. In one period (May to December 1921), new ITU president John Mc Parland could say the defense fund was secure as the union collected over $6 million in strike donations and spent $5.5 million in strike benefits.
By June 1924, employers had had enough. The three-year running battle with the union had cost owners dearly and the union preserved its gains. However, the win was one that had cost the health of ITU president, John McParland, who served from 1921-1923. Charles P. Howard served out the rest of 1923 as ITU president; being elected in 1924 and serving until 1938.
ITU role in forming the CIO
The ITU had been active in organizing new workers for almost 80 years. As the Great Depression created a crisis for American workers, the ITU joined with other unions in the AFL to agitate for more organizing.
In 1935, Charles P. Howard, president of the ITU, joined with John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers; David Dubinsky of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union; Sidney Hillman of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America; Thomas McMahon of the United Textile Workers; John Sheridan of the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers; Harvey Fremming of the Oil Workers Union and Max Zaritsky of the Hatters, Cap and Millinery Workers to form the Committee for Industrial Organization within the AFL.
In 1937, ITU Secretary Randolph was livid at AFL President William Green. The AFL executive council levied an assessment to fight industrial organization, upon allied unions. The ITU refused to pay; Randolph's reason was "not to pay any assessment levied by any means other than a referendum vote of ITU printers and mailers."
The craft unions within the AFL demanded that the committee stop organizing members on an industrial basis. Lewis and the other members of the CIO persisted.
In 1938, the AFL ejected the eight member unions of the CIO, including the ITU. At the 1938, ITU convention at Birmingham, President Claude M. Baker disclosed to the delegates the decision of the AFL. Three subsequent unions returned to the AFL. May 21, 1941, the ITU turned down reaffiliation with the AFL by referendum vote of the ITU members. In 1944, the ITU reaffiliated with the American Federation of Labor. The AFL promised the ITU full autonomy. ITU President Woodruff Randolph and AFL President William Green re-established and re-affirmed the ITU-AFL relationship, as if no breach had taken place. The five remaining unions subsequently formed the Congress of Industrial Organizations. The CIO rejoined the AFL in 1955, forming the new entity known as the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO). AFL-CIO President George Meany would have a cool relationship with all ITU presidents from Randolph to Bingle. ITU President Joe Bingle asked AFL-CIO President Lane Kirkland to speak at the 1983 San Francisco ITU Convention; Kirkland declined.
Woodruff Randolph
Woodruff Randolph (1892-1966), a printer from Chicago #16 and attorney-at-law, served as ITU Secretary-Treasurer (1929-1944) and ITU President (1944-1957). Randolph was very powerful and often usurped the position of ITU president Claude M. Baker. The ITU presidential election of 1944 between Baker and Randolph was one of the most vicious in union history. He loathed the National Labor Relations Board. During World War II, Randolph dealt with the National War Labor Board. He led the Progressive party of the ITU. At the 1949 Oakland ITU convention, he spoke in harsh terms against the Taft-Hartley Act, the act in favor of the open shop. Chicago #16, Randolph's home local, was the first local hit by Taft-Hartley. On November 24, 1947 the Chicago papers went on a strike that lasted 22 months. Newspaper publishers called for aid from the authors of the law, U.S. Senator Robert A. Taft (R - Ohio) and Congressman Fred A. Hartley, Jr. (R - New Jersey) The ITU and Woodruff Randolph won in Chicago. He fought publishers and won in the early 1950s. In 1951, Randolph created Unitypo, the union supported newspaper in struck cities. Unitypo met with mixed results from the public at large. In the mid-1950s, Randolph embodied the ITU; his power was felt in every ITU shop and feared in every newspaper's board room. The printers were shocked during the 1957 ITU convention in New York to find that Randolph would not seek reelection.
Woodruff Randolph hand-picked the Progressives to run for executive council in 1958, which would control the ITU for nearly twenty years. At the same time United States Senator John McClellan (D - AR) was investigating organized crime in labor unions. When Dave Beck, president of the Teamsters, resigned in 1957 – near the time of Randolph's statement of retirement – many ITU members wondered about their long-time leader. The new ITU President Elmer Brown meekly appeared before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management. Brown had been ITU second Vice-President (1944-1949) and had served in various offices in his home local, New York Typographical #6 (1945-1957). Brown claimed that during the 1957 ITU convention, Randolph requested Brown run for president of the ITU. Brown told the committee that he had not been aware of events in Indianapolis since he left the Executive Council. Randolph retired to his homes in Indiana and Florida and on October 1, 1966, he died in the Union Printers Home.
1958-1967, Woodruff Randolph's hand picked Progressive Executive Council, held the longest tenure as a unit in ITU history: Elmer Brown, president; John J. Pilch, first vice-president; Alexander Sandy Bevis, second vice-president (Canadian); Joseph P. Bailey, third vice-president (Mailer). Secretary-treasurer Don Hurd died in 1959, succeeded by William R. Cloud. After Elmer Brown's 1968 death, the ITU presidents were Pilch (1968-1973) and Bevis (1974-1978).
The Mergenthaler Linotype machine was used by newspaper printers from the 1880s to the 1970s. Technological progress again confronted the ITU in the post-war period. A number of new advances — including offset lithography, flexography, relief print, screen printing, rotogravure, and digital printing — greatly reduced the number of workers needed in the modern printshop and newspaper composing room.
In 1964, the ITU counted 121,858 members. But by 1980, the union had shed nearly a quarter of its membership due to technological advances. Toward the end of the ITU, the mailers outnumbered the printers. With the disappearance of linotype machines and the advent of paste makeup and computerized composition methods, the work in the composing rooms dropped. The mail rooms needed people to work on the inserting machines.
Concerned that the union did not have the economic strength to win good wages and benefits for its members and worried that further membership declines might threaten the viability of the union, the ITU leadership sought a merger with another printing union.
The ITU sought to merge with the Newspaper Guild but terminated negotiations in 1981 after nearly four years of talks. The ITU discussed merging with the Graphic Communications International Union, but the talks did not proceed very far. Later, the GCIU merged into the IBT.
Problems plagued the term of ITU President Joe Bingel 1978-1983. In a contested special election between Bingel and Robert McMichen, McMichen, the anti-Teamster candidate, won the election. However, the ITU was dying.
The ITU executive council subsequently required president Robert McMichen to enter into merger talks with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. IBT President Jackie Presser spoke of merger with the ITU; at the 1983 San Francisco ITU convention. ITU President Joe Bingle risked his leadership post on the ITU-IBT merger and lost. However, the ITU's 74,000 members turned down the merger two-to-one in a vote taken in 1985, fearing that the Teamsters could not be trusted to respect the terms of the merger agreement — which included the hallmark of the ITU: autonomy. The Mailers would later join the Teamsters; the Printers would not. The last ITU convention was held in 1984 in Hershey, Pennsylvania. By 1986, the ITU had only 44,000 active members.
On December 31, 1986, the Associated Press printed the following with a dateline of Colorado Springs, Colorado:
The International Typographical Union has ceased to exist, and most of its staff was laid off at national headquarters here.Most of the 60 workers are continuing on a temporary basis with the Communication Workers of America, with which the ITU merged, said ITU spokesman Bill Frazee.The ITU ended operations on December 31, 1986. On January 1, 1987, the union joined the CWA as its Printing, Publishing and Media Workers Sector.CWA has its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and employees working for the sector will transfer there in two to four months, Frazee said.The International Typographical Union was the nation's oldest union, charted nationally in 1852. Its membership peaked in the 1960s at 100,000 printers.But since computerization of the business, membership has dropped to 40,000 working printers and 35,000 retirees.
Finally, in 1987, the printers of the ITU merged with the Communications Workers of America (CWA). It is now the Printing, Publishing, and Media Workers Sector of the CWA. William J. Boarman is vice-president of the sector.
The Mailers were split between the CWA and IBT. In May 1986, many Mailer locals joined "The Mailers' Conference of the CWA". When the ITU ended, all Mailer locals merged into the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT). It is now the Newspaper, Magazine and Electronic Media Workers Division. Joe Molinero is the division director.
The ITU Fraternal Pension Fund was from 1908-1966. Elmer Brown created the Negotiated Pension Plan (NPP). Today, the pension for all ITU members before 1986 and CWA members since 1987 is the CWA/ITU Negotiated Pension Plan. This pension plan is located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Teamsters have the IBT Pension for members after 1987.
The Executive Council International Typographical Union, A Study of the History of the International Typographical Union, 1852-1963. Volumes I & II . Colorado Springs, CO: International Typographical Union, 1964.
The Executive Council International Typographical Union, Facts About The International Typographical Union For All Who Would Like To Know ! Colorado Springs, CO: The ITU Executive Council, 1965.
Ethelbert, Stewart. Early Organization of Printers. Washington: Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor - No. 61. November, 1905.
Seymour Martin Lipset. Union Democracy: The Internal Politics of the International Typographical Union. Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1956. ISBN 0-02-919210-2
Loft, Jacob. The Printing Trades. Farrar & Rinehart, 1944.
Munson, Fred. Labor Relations in the Lithographic Industry. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1963. ISBN 0-674-50850-5
Stevens, George. History of Typographical Union No. 6. Albany: New York Commissioner of Labor, 1911.
Tracy, George A. History of the Typographical Union. Indianapolis: International Typographical Union, 1913.
Printing, Publishing, and Media Workers Sector of the CWA, (ITU)
, Seymour Martin Lipset, 20/1988. Last accessed on 16 September 2006
Newspaper, Magazine and Electronic Media Workers Division, Teamsters.[284069]
Lipset's Union Democracy After 40 Years, Michael Goldfield, 1998. Last accessed on 16 September 2006.


How can your Drupal skills and knowledge plug into a movement? Getting off the Island is a fun thing to do, especially when you are aligned with a cause or mission.
I started out in a silo as a one person Drupal Agency, and when I joined a cooperative, things began to get exciting. I went from chasing potential opportunities, to joining and building networks of collaboration, introducing Drupal as a foundation. I do what I love to do, all the time.
My cooperative is a member of a movement called: Platform Cooperativism.
This movement has been coalesced over 4 years of events led by Trebor Scholz and Nathan Schneider and is sponsored by the New School in NYC. I spoke about the nuts and bolts of my cooperative - how we are structured and earn $ and how we are paid etc. We use Drupal to give people as much power over their own lives as possible!
Agaric got involved with Platform Cooperativism as a way to introduce free software to the movement, and to help other cooperatives and individuals take control of their websites, using Drupal.
Edited by Trebor Scholz and Nathan Schneider: The rise of platform cooperativism, a new vision for the future of work and a fairer Internet.
The Platform Cooperativism movement calls for an Internet of Ownership It is a vision for online platforms that share democratic ownership and governance with their stakeholders, especially those who contribute their labor and personal data.
• What is the role of the millions of people who contribute to social networks in governing their behavior?
• What role can free software and Drupal play in Platform Cooperativism?
• What other movements does it intersect with?
This session will include ample time for Questions and Answers, and a general discussion on ways to bring your creative Drupal skills to movements and communities that are not particularly tech savvy or full of developers.


A Mexican-inspired way to enjoy your favorite Jewish soup.
My grandfather on my mother's side, Francisco, whom we called "Yeye," was wild about chiles. Not very common in his native Bratislava, I guess. He used to say that what he loved the most about his new country was the predictable weather (especially the bright sunny winters), the colorful markets, and most of all, the chiles. All of them.
He was oh so very crazy about them, that my grandmother used to hide them from him. She complained that he had no boundaries, no sense of measure, when eating chiles. He simply would not stop.
My "Lali" liked to please him though. She had Austrian training in the kitchen and made exquisite and elegant foods. Once in Mexico, she fell in love with the cuisine and learned how to combine the two culinary traditions. She became a master at it.
She created a classic dish out of her Mushroom-Jalapeño Matzah Ball Soup.
In a large mixing bowl, combine the matzah ball mix, parsley, nutmeg, and 1 teaspoon of salt.
In another small bowl, lightly beat the eggs with 1/3 cup of vegetable oil.
Fold in the beaten eggs to the matzah ball mixture with a spatula. Add the sparkling water if you want the matzo balls fluffy, and mix well until well combine.
Cover the mix and refrigerate for at least half an hour.
Bring about 12 cups of salted water to a rolling boil in a large soup pot.
Bring heat down to medium and keep at a steady simmer. With wet hands, make about 1 inch balls out of the matzah ball mix and gently drop them into the water. Cover and simmer for about 25 to 30 minutes.
Meanwhile, heat a couple of tablespoons of oil over medium heat in a large cooking pot. Add the onion, garlic and chiles and sauté for 4 to 5 minutes until they have softened. Incorporate the sliced mushrooms. sprinkle the salt, stir and cover with a lid. Steam the mushrooms for about 6 to 8 minutes.
Take off the lid and pour the chicken broth over the mushroom base. Once it is simmering, incorporate the already cooked matzah balls, without their cooking liquid, and serve.
This recipe is shared with permission from Pati's book Mexican Today: New and Rediscovered Recipes for the Contemporary Kitchen.
A grandmother's recipe offers an easy route to this classic Ashkenazi dish.
A festive, fried dish to use up that leftover meat and potatoes.


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