text:
Frontiers in Sports
and Active Living
Elite Sports and Performance Enhancement
Jaime Fernandez Fernandez
Universidad de León, Spain
Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Portugal
The Injury Recovery Process: Who and When?
Opinion ARTICLE
Front. Sports Act. Living, 27 November 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2019.00062
Sport Readaptation: Where Do We Draw the Lines Between Professionals?
Daniel Rojas-Valverde1,2*, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas3 and Braulio Sánchez-Ureña4
1Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
2Grupo de Avances en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico, Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
3Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo y Rehabilitación en Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
4Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
Sport is an activity that is in a state of constant and dynamic evolution. These characteristics are essential to ensure its entertainment value. Currently, sport is undergoing significant changes in the way it is managed, trained for, and even competed in. The current trend in sport regarding physical and physiological demands is typified by an increase in the intensity and frequency of competition. This could lead to a disturbance in physical and mental performance due to different external and internal factors (Halson, 2014). In the last decade, high-intensity competition and training (Di Salvo et al., 2009; Bradley et al., 2010, 2011; Carling et al., 2012; Gabbett, 2015) has defined sports performance in many disciplines. Match congested tournaments and periods of high-frequency training and competition in team sports are increasingly common (Dellal et al., 2013; Rojas-Valverde et al., 2018; Birdsey et al., 2019; Pino-Ortega et al., 2019). In endurance events, there is a rise not only in the number of competitions but in the intensity and volume of these events. This could lead to serious future complications that could be avoided by preventive and recovery injury protocols (Chlíbková et al., 2015; Rojas-Valverde et al., 2019; Rubio-Arias et al., 2019; Gutiérrez-Vargas et al., in press).
This dynamic in endurance and anaerobic sports is causing an increase in the amount of injuries and their relapse due, among other things such as repeated high-intensity (Bengtsson et al., 2013; Carling et al., 2016) and long-endurance activity (Small and Relph, 2018; Warrick et al., 2019), to insufficient rest and recovery between exertions. Therefore, nowadays, high performance is achieved according to the capacity to recover better and faster between psychobiological efforts (Bauman, 2005). Effective recovery from training and competitive loads represents the difference between success and failure in sport (Kellman, 2002). That is why the scientific community has been tasked to study various methods of recovery from both physical and mental fatigue (Kellmann et al., 2019). In this sense, optimal protocols are needed in order to maintain an athlete's abilities and determine recovery pathways to maximize performance after fatigue or injury (Fowles, 2006). Additionally, the implementation of appropriate, sensitive, and reliable methods to assess and mitigate fatigue and injuries is needed because it can provide information not only on physical and mental condition but on the prevention and evolution of physical performance during this complex process (Thorpe et al., 2017).
This change in sports dynamics puts high stress on the athlete (Taylor et al., 2012; DiFiori et al., 2014), and it is required that he maintain sport form and recover it quickly when an adverse situation arises (Kellmann, 2010), for example, an injury. This need to recover as soon as possible is based on the fact that there is evidence that if this process is not carried out properly, in an adequate and timely manner, athletes may experience persistent functional impairment of the injured structure (Orchard and Best, 2002; Maniar et al., 2016) and reduced functional capacity to perform sport-specific movement (Silder et al., 2010a; Fyfe et al., 2013), and could lead to adaptive changes in the locomotor patterns of sport-related movements (Silder et al., 2010b; Sole et al., 2012).
During the treatment of an injury, the athlete receives attention from several providers such as medical doctors, physical therapists, psychologists, nutritionists, coaches, and sport scientists (Kraemer et al., 2009). These professionals are responsible for guiding the athlete through different phases of the return to activity before full medical clearance is given. At some point in the recovery process, once there is no pain, the athlete enters a stage where the objective is the improvement of proprioception, coordination, strength, and endurance and initiates certain specific actions involved in the sport to train without danger of relapse. This transition becomes essential because, despite the fact that the athlete has recovered from a medical point of view, preparation for competition requires the restoration of the physical qualities mentioned above (Kraemer et al., 2009). This sport-specific training may be beyond the qualifications or knowledge of those who cover his medical needs (Walsh et al., 1999). Due to the aforementioned, the need arises within sports clubs for a figure termed a training physician (Walsh et al., 1999) within the body of support for the athlete. This professional is currently called a sport readaptator and will facilitate the transition between the disappearance of pain after an injury and recovery until the athlete returns to regular competitive activity (Jiménez-Rubio et al., 2019).
Considering that almost all of the professionals involved in injury rehabilitation processes are limited in their abilities to drive an athlete from acute injury to recovery (Pabian et al., 2011) and that each professional staff member generally thinks they have the best capacity to make decisions in this injury process (Shrier et al., 2014), it is necessary to clarify each professional's role. Additionally, due to the incorporation of a new professional figure who is necessary for adequate recovery from injuries, the objective of this document is to clarify, based on scientific evidence, the role of professionals involved in the sporting process after an injury, specifically analyzing the new figure of the sports readaptator and, based on this, to propose a workflow for this type of intervention for the best and fastest recovery of the athlete. The above is fundamental to avoid interference between the functions of professionals, always protecting the constant coordination between the health providers of the athlete.
The coordination between professionals during the recovery process from a sports injury is essential. For this reason, efforts have been made previously to define the functions of each professional involved in this process as well as the different phases in which they come into play (Kraemer et al., 2009; Paredes and Martínez-De Haro, 2009; O'Brien et al., 2019). Knowing that there are gray areas regarding the competences and roles of each professional in different arenas, a review of the literature was carried out in order to deal with the definition of certain areas such as sports medicine, physiotherapy, sports science, training, nutrition, psychology, and readaptation. A description of the role and functions of each professional is needed to clarify the contribution of each one during a sports injury, understanding that the process must be a complement to the implementation and practice of each discipline's knowledge. Figure 1 presents a proposed flow for an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to sports injury recovery.
Figure 1. Flow of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach to sport injury recovery.
Sports Physicians
Also called sport medical doctors or sports medicine physicians, these professionals are in charge of medical treatment, drug administration, and doping control and prevention (Hoberman, 2002; Dikic et al., 2013). All surgical interventions are in their management area, as are imagological diagnosis and biochemical tests. Their role in sport injury is to give the initial diagnosis and medical treatment and, if surgical intervention is necessary, make a major contribution to the medical clearance decisions (Kraemer et al., 2009).
Also called sport therapists, their role in sport injury recovery is to use certain methods and tools in order to reestablish asymptomatic functional movement in basic patterns. These professionals aim to restore motion, neuromuscular control, balance, and reflex control and to facilitate pain management, limit swelling, and protect injured structures (Kraemer et al., 2009; Arvinen-Barrow et al., 2014).
Sport Scientists
Also known as athletics trainers, performance staff, conditioning, and strength trainers, their function is to restore strength, endurance, most basic physical performance functions, and specific sport locomotion and actions and to reestablish competitive performance functions (Patel and Baker, 2006; Järvinen et al., 2007; Kraemer et al., 2009). After medical clearance, their work will focus on programming and prescribing individualized sport-specific load and gradually integrating the athlete into regular training demands. Once sport clearance is achieved, this professional should prepare athletes for the demands of high-level competition and help them avoid re-injury. The recovery from fatigue between efforts is also an area of action for these professionals.
The main objective of the coach is to enable their athletes to obtain the highest performance possible (Ojala and Thorpe, 2015). They play fundamental roles during training and competition, such as in motivation, education, organization, planning, and mentoring (Short and Short, 2005). They have to be able to analyze scientific data and translate it into practice in their coaching and training programs. The aim of coaches during injury recovery is to track the development of the condition and to reinsert the player into technical and tactical team training and competition.
As a primarily objective, they are in charge of providing proper nutrition during training, competition, and recovery according to the particular energy demands of different activities. Currently, they are essential in the control of ergogenic aids to achieve recovery between loads or injury. The above includes advising athletes about their diet, nutritional supplements, and fluid intake (Maughan and Shirreffs, 2012).
Sport psychologists analyze mental and motivational factors that could limit sporting performance. In a recovery program, psychological factors are essential, and fear and apprehension are common issues during the injury process (Walker et al., 2007). Psychologists should be active in the recovery process, addressing situations during the rehabilitation program such as insecurity when performing exercises that could remind the athlete of the injury mechanisms, when an opponent approaches at high speed, or when any other hazardous conditions are perceived (Erickson and Sherry, 2017).
Physical and Sport Readaptators
This new professional must lead the reconditioning phase (Dhillon et al., 2017), understood as the transition that takes place once the rehabilitation of the injury is almost complete and when the athlete is ready to begin strength and conditioning activities. Their main objective is to readapt the injured structure to support physical demands through sport-specific exercise prescription and the recovery of sport-specific locomotion. Additionally, physical readaptadors should support the maintenance of specific physical, technical, and tactical aptitudes during the rehabilitation process.
Despite the fact that there are clearly defined competencies for each professional involved in the recovery from injuries in sport, based on fundamental principles (Piggott et al., 2019), it is essential to acknowledge that interdisciplinary approaches are needed to achieve an effective and efficient recovery. The involvement of diverse disciplines toward a common goal provides a better understanding of the complex phenomenon of injury and could lead to a better overview of the challenges of the recovery process, as well as a better comprehension of the factors that could influence the return-to-play process. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that the diagnosis, prognosis, intervention plan, sport clearance to final return-to-play decisions, and re-injury prevention must be taken as a consensual determination among all professionals as an intervention group, each of them assuming their role and contributing their knowledge for the sole purpose of preserving the health of the athlete.
With regard to physical rehabilitation, due to the lack of or little need to create a new professional figure, there is legislation in some countries that gives this function to professionals in sport science and human movement science. In these cases, sport science professionals are assigned the function of physical and sport readaptator by law due to their knowledge regarding the recovery of the physical condition of injured athletes (Campos-Izquierdo and Lalín-Novoa, 2012). Additionally, new legislation is complementing professional degrees in sport science with knowledge, procedures, and specific attitudes to physically adapt, recover, or re-educate through physical exercise (Campos-Izquierdo et al., 2010; Campos-Izquierdo and Lalín-Novoa, 2012).
Athletes' trust in professionals and self-determination and the compromise and communication of all the health providers to the athlete in the process of recovering from an injury is essential to recover the physical and psychological form necessary for return-to-play and receiving the sport and medical all-clear (Kraemer et al., 2009; Podlog et al., 2011). Considering the abilities necessary for the achievement of this objective, such as knowledge of the fundamental components of the prescription of exercise (Kraemer et al., 2002), it has been found that a professional in sports sciences and human movement is the suitable person to execute this essential function within the interdisciplinary team overseeing the recovery of the athlete once the injury is asymptomatic and until they recover their sport-specific strength and conditioning capabilities, leaving those factors related to competition to the respective professionals (Shrier et al., 2014). It is essential to recognize the importance of coordinating with the knowledge bases of other professionals in the area, such as sport medicine doctors, physiotherapists, sport scientist, nutritionists, and psychologists, and to create interdisciplinary injury interventions. This comprehensive approach to the recovery process is the path to success in this type of intervention (Kautz et al., 2007).
DR-V conceived and designed the idea for the article and prepared the initial draft. DR-V, JG-V, and BS-U gave substantial revisions, provided critical feedback and helped shape the manuscript and verified the rationale of the paper. BS-U supervised the writing of the manuscript. All authors gave their final approval of the content for publication.
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Keywords: physical rehabilitation, return-to-play, recovery, sport injury, sport science
Citation: Rojas-Valverde D, Gutiérrez-Vargas JC and Sánchez-Ureña B (2019) Sport Readaptation: Where Do We Draw the Lines Between Professionals? Front. Sports Act. Living 1:62. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00062
Received: 30 September 2019; Accepted: 04 November 2019;
Jaime Fernandez Fernandez, Universidad de León, Spain
José Afonso, University of Porto, Portugal
Copyright © 2019 Rojas-Valverde, Gutiérrez-Vargas and Sánchez-Ureña. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Daniel Rojas-Valverde, drojasv@una.cr


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The Movie Review Blog
Tag Archives: Supriya Pathak
A smart political thriller
Pic source: Wikipedia
If made a decade or two ago, Shanghai would have been bracketed in the art film genre and nobody except the film festival audience and a few intellectual types would have seen it. But Indian audience has evolved; if a Rowdy Rathore does blockbuster business, there are houseful shows for Shanghai as well, at least in the multiplexes. And director, Dibakar Banerjee does not disappoint; he has made a political thriller that is realistic and brave. Congratulations to him and Urmi Juvekar for the fantastic screenplay, which is based on the novel 'Z' by Greek writer, Vassilis Vassilikos.
The name, Shanghai is an interesting metaphor used by the filmmaker to describe the hollow promises of development by our politicians. Whether it is turning Mumbai into a world class city, modeled after Shanghai or transforming Gurgaon, the goal has not been reached but the so called progress has its costs. Banerjee's Shanghai delves deep into the murky political games, scams and crimes that take place in the name of development. Set in a fictitious town called Bharat Nagar, the film reflects the political realities our country faces today. You can identify the real life politicians that have inspired Banerjee while writing the political characters in the film – there's the lady chief minister who is called 'madamji' and has ambitions to become the Prime Minister; then there are the coalition troubles; a South Indian Home Minister and more.
Banerjee has also developed his characters really well and with superb casting, has hit the bull's eye. There are layers to his characters and the director leaves hints for the audience to figure out more. For instance, Prosenjit Chatterjee plays a political activist named, Dr. Ahmadi; he is a bestselling author, who stays in the US but is passionate about the cause of the poor in India. He travels by a private jet (funded by whom?) to Bharat Nagar; does a photo-op with a Bollywood actress in town for his rival camp and his wife (the fabulous Tillotama Shome of Monsoon Wedding fame) is not convinced of his style of activism. He gives his life for the cause and is given god-like stature but there is more to the character that is left to be imagined. Similarly, the character of T. A. Krishnan, an IAS officer who is in charge of investigating the attack on Dr. Ahmadi is fascinating. Played superbly by Abhay Deol, Krishnan is a devout family man, who is torn between his ambitions and the right thing to do. While Emraan Hashmi has a crowd pleasing role, for me Abhay Deol steals the show with his perfect South Indian accent, mannerisms and restrained performance. Emraan on the other hand plays Joginder, a videographer who makes porn to supplement his income as a freelance media representative. He helps Shalini Sahay (Kalki Koechlin), a close aide of Dr. Ahmadi to unravel the real story behind the attack. Hashmi is good and has proved that he is much more than his serial-kisser image. Kalki also handles the character of an activist well who appears to be more in love with her teacher than his cause. Then there are small yet impactful roles played by Farooq Sheikh, Pitobash Tripathy and Supriya Pathak.
There is tension in each scene of the film and the director successfully maintains it till the end. The songs however could have been used well as background music instead of suddenly appearing in the film. Music by Vishal Shekhar is fine and 'Bharat Mata Ki Jai' song captures the essence of the film with words like 'Gud bhi hai gobar bhi, Bharat mata ki jai' (There is jaggery as well as dung in the country, hail Mother India) (lyrics: Dibakar Banerjee). Editing by Namrata Rao is perfect and cinematography by Nikos Andritsakis good, except the patchy difference in the way 'Imported Kamariya' song is shot and the rest of the film (it looks like a separate music video inserted in the film as a second thought).
Shanghai is amongst the best Hindi films I've seen in the recent times. Do watch it.
By Shrey Khetarpal • Posted in Hindi Movie Reviews	• Tagged Abhay Deol, Dibakar Banerjee, Drama, Emraan Hashmi, Farooq Sheikh, Kalki Koechlin, Pitobash Tripathy, Political Thriller, Prosenjit Chatterjee, satire, Shanghai, Supriya Pathak, Tillotama Shome, vassilis vassilikos, Vishal Shekhar
Khichdi – The Movie
Laughing from TV to the Big Screen…
Pic: Khichdi The Movie; Source: glamsham.com
The success of Khichdi: The Movie is important for any future TV to big screen adaptations in India as the trend has just about taken off. And if such a popular series is unable to make it big as a movie then what will? Thankfully, the film is made on a small budget and from what I saw today, the film should make a neat profit. Congratulations J D Majethia (Producer) and Aatish Kapadia (Director) for delivering a clean comedy that can be enjoyed by the whole family. However, it may not become a big hit as the audience would be limited to the series' fans and there are two big ticket competitors in cinemas this week (Robot and Anjaana Anjaani).
Khichdi: The Movie is a situational comedy just like the series and its strength lies in its clever writing – the characters and the deadpan humour. For those not familiar with the series, Khichdi is about a middle class, Gujarati joint family in Mumbai. Tulsidas Bhai (Anang Desai) is the head of the Parekh family – a frustrated old man who is fed up of his son Praful's (Rajeev Mehta) stupidity. Praful is not only stupid but is madly in love with his lazy and equally dim wife, Hansa (Supriya Pathak) who is obsessive about matching her sarees and accessories. Jayshree (Nimisha Vakharia) is Tulsidas' widowed daughter-in-law who loves to gossip and is gifted with a sharp mind. Then there is Himanshu (J D Majethia) who is Hansa's brother with similar mental prowess and the two smartest members of the family, the kids – Jacky and Chakkhi.
The film's story takes from a thread tackled in the series earlier – Himanshu's love story and wedding with neighbour, Parminder Kaur from the Parminder family (yes, all 65 members of the family are called Parminder). All actors are good in the characters they made famous but a special mention for Nimisha Vakharia who managed to play Jayshree well despite it being a strong character played by Vandana Pathak in the series originally. As usual, Hansa and Praful steal the show with not only their hilarious lines but also their mannerisms. Supriya Pathak who plays Hansa is easily amongst the finest actors and I'd be disappointed if her performance goes unnoticed at the film awards. Nobody else can make these lines sound so funny but her – "Hello! How are? Khaana Kha Ke Jaana…" or "Hello! This is a Hansa speaking…"
There are not many songs but a romantic number between Himanshu and Parminder stays with you for the way it is shot (silly, of course) and the lyrics that go 'Chal Chal Bhosle Market Chal…' The film celebrates stupidity and there is not a single dull moment (caution: if you're not a Khichdi fan, it may not be the case for you). Whether it is Jayshree's maid troubles or Hansa's grand court room performance, Khichdi is a laugh riot.
I hope to see the cast return with a sequel and the producers adapting another of their hit series, Sarabhai vs. Sarabhai for the big screen. While these two are on my wish list, a movie that is certainly coming out is Pankaj Kapur starrer Office Office that traces a common man, Musaddilal's troubles with bureaucracy and corruption in India.
My rating: * * * ½ Three and a half stars on five
– Shrey Khetarpal
By Shrey Khetarpal • Posted in Hindi Movie Reviews	• Tagged Aatish Kapadia, Anang Desai, Bollywood, Comedy, J D Majethia, Khichdi, Nimisha Vakharia, Rajeev Mehta, Supriya Pathak, TV adaptation, TV Series
Wake Up Sid
A refreshing, feel good film…
Pic: Dharma Productions; Source: planetbollywood.com
A film about a rich kid who does not know what to do with his life apart from hanging out with his friends… nothing new there! However, what makes Wake Up Sid extremely fresh and enjoyable is its treatment. You know what exactly is going to happen in the film but you are hooked to see how it happens. Take a bow, Ayan Mukerji, your directorial debut is a winner.
Wake Up Sid (written by Ayan Mukerji and Niranjan Iyenger) is far removed from the so called filmy clichés and is held together by moments that seem real and relatable; moments between a mother and her son, a father and his son, between friends and between two people who are falling in love.
The film traces the journey of Siddharth Mehra aka Sid (Ranbir Kapoor), from being a carefree college guy who simply spends his father's money to someone who finds his true calling in life. His journey is complemented by fiercely independent, Aisha Banerjee (Konkona Sen Sharma), an aspiring writer from Kolkata who wants to make a new life in Bombay aka Mumbai. Together both of them discover what they want in life and eventually find it.
Performance wise, everyone seems comfortable with the characters they play. Konkona is as usual fantastic but the real surprise is Ranbir who not only manages to bring alive the character but also shines amongst his excellent co-actors. Supriya Pathak as Sid's mother who likes to speak with her son in broken English is extremely endearing.
While the film is unpretentious, one can see that a lot of attention has been paid to the details. From the styling of the lead actors (Priyanjali Lahiri and Manish Malhotra) to the production design (Amrita Mahal Nakai), everything is in accordance to the respective characters. While the music (Shankar, Ehsaan, Loy) may not be topping the charts by Dharma Productions standards, it goes well with the mood of the film and does not obstruct the narrative. Cinematography by Anil Mehta is as usual first rate. Overall, Wake Up Sid is a great feel good film and is highly recommended.
My Rating: * * * * Four stars (on five)
By Shrey Khetarpal • Posted in Hindi Movie Reviews	• Tagged Ayan Mukerji, Bollywood, Dharma Productions, Karan Johar, Konkona Sen Sharma, Ranbir Kapoor, rom-com, Supriya Pathak
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Cinemaaaa (12)
English Movie Reviews (25)
Hindi Movie Reviews (71)
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Beyond Movies
Aao Award Award Khelein
Best of Bollywood in 2012
BollyBad 2011
Bollywood Wishlist
Bollywood's Animal Heroes
Celebrating the duds – 2010
Delhi Belly
Don 2
Dum Maaro Dum
Gangs of Wasseypur
Gangs of Wasseypur 2
Jab Tak Hai Jaan
Kaminey
Lust, Caution
Nautanki Saala
Nolan made me a Batman fan
Rom Com Gone 2010
Romance On Screen
Small Films Big Impact
Stanley, Kalam, Books and a Lunchbox
Tanu Weds Manu
Teen Kanya – Satyajit Ray
The Dirty Picture
The Genius of Vishal Bhardwaj
Vicky Donor
Well Done Abba
What's Your Raashee?
Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our showroom is conveniently and centrally located just north of the Oakbrook Center area in Chicago's western suburbs. Convenient and free parking!
and just 25 minutes west of the Chicago Loop.
and prices of high-rent stores and enormous costly catalogs.


text:
26 July 2007 : Column 1385W—continued
Departments: Sick Leave
David Simpson: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what percentage of sick leave taken by staff in his Department was stress-related in each of the last three years. [145973]
Kevin Brennan: The information is set out in the following table.
Percentage stress related sick leave
The information for 2004 and 2005 is in calendar years whereas 2006/07 is by financial year.
The Department remains committed, like the former DfES, to providing a safe working environment and has put in place a range of measures to support managers and employees on health and wellbeing issues, including the provision of professional counselling, awareness sessions and support from the Department's Employee Assistance Provider, Right Corecare. This is complemented by internal procedures aimed at ensuring consistent standards of behaviour and enabling fair and prompt mediation in the event of any grievance.
The Department will be launching a new Stress Prevention Policy, based on the Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) Management Standards in the near future. The policy has been designed to support individuals and their managers, signposting them to appropriate sources of help. In addition to this the Department has piloted the HSE Stress Questionnaire in one Division and conducted Individual Stress Risk Assessments for employees who require them.
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what his latest estimate is of the (a) number and (b) proportion of (i) 17-year-olds, (ii) 18-year-olds and (iii) 16-year-olds who are not in education or training; and if he will make a statement. [151825]
Jim Knight: The figures provided in the table are for individuals at academic age 16, 17 and 18(1) who were estimated to be not in education or training (NET) in 2006.
(1) Academic age is the age of the individual measured at the beginning of the academic year, 31 August.
Age 16 17 18
Total NET
Proportion NET (%)
26 July 2007 : Column 1386W
These NET figures are calculated by subtracting the number of young people estimated to be in education and training from the population; here education and training covers those in full- or part-time education, work-based learning (including apprenticeships), and those on employer funded or other education and training not otherwise included in the figures.
These figures are available in the Statistical First Release published by the Department in SFR 22/2007, please see the following web link:
http://www.dfes.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000734/sfr22_2007.pdf.
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what duties will be placed on (a) parents and (b) employers to ensure that all those under the age of 18 years are in education or training; and if he will make a statement. [151867]
Jim Knight: In the Green Paper Raising Expectations: staying in education and training post-16 we did not propose that any specific duties be placed on parents. Employers have an existing obligation to release employees requesting time off for training in certain circumstances. If the participation age is extended, we proposed that where employers do not want to or are unable to offer training themselves; they would be required to release their employees for a day a week to undertake training elsewhere. These proposals can be accessed at:
http://www.dfes.gov.uk/consultations/downloadableDocs/6965-DfES-Raising%20Expectations%20Green%20Paper.pdf.
We intend to publish proposals in the autumn and will of course place copies in the House Library.
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what sanctions will be used against parents who fail to take reasonable steps to ensure that their children participate in education or training up to the age 18 years; and if he will make a statement. [151868]
Jim Knight: In the Green Paper we said that we would expect parents to encourage and facilitate their child's participation, and if there is evidence that a parent of a young person is helping them break the law (for example, by employing a 16 or 17-year-old full-time in a family business without accredited training), it should be possible to hold them accountable as well. These proposals can be accessed at:
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what inspection and enforcement powers will be granted in order to impose an obligation for all those aged up to 18 years to be in education or training; and if he will make a statement. [151869]
Jim Knight: In the Green Paper we proposed that, if a young person continued to refuse to participate, despite the efforts of providers and the local authority to help and support them onto a programme of
learning, they could be issued with a new type of civil order called an Attendance Order. The process of issuing an Attendance Order would be initiated by the local authority. The Attendance Order would specify exactly what was expected of a young person. We proposed two options for ensuring that if Attendance Orders are made they are followed: that criminal sanctions be pursued, or civil/administrative ones. These proposals can be accessed at:
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what representations he has received from business groups on raising to 18 years the minimum age at which young people can leave education or training. [151870]
Jim Knight: In response our consultation, we have received written responses from the following business groups:
Apprenticeship Ambassadors Network, Association of Accounting Technicians, The British Chambers of Commerce, Confederation of British Industry, Confederation of West Midlands Chambers of Commerce and Industry, DCL Consulting Ltd, EEF, E-skills UK, Federation of Small Businesses, Four S Consultancy, Glass Training Ltd, IGEN, Ignite Futures Ltd, Institute of Directors, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Lantra, Learning Etc, LLUK, MCCH Society Ltd, Macro, NETA Ltd, Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd, SEMTA, SkillsActive, Skillsmart Retail, Small Business Council, Sysco Business Skills Academy Ltd, Tesco.
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what assessment he has made of the (a) costs and (b) benefits of raising to 18 years the minimum age at which young people can leave education or training; and if he will make a statement. [151871]
Jim Knight: I refer the hon. Member to the reply given on 17 July 2007, Official Report, column 303W.
Further Education: Great Yarmouth
Mr. Anthony Wright: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what percentage of pupils in Great Yarmouth went on to further education in (a) 1997 and (b) 2007. [151961]
Jim Knight: The data published by the Department on participation figures in education, training and employment by 16-18 year olds in England does not include details on Great Yarmouth, but does include data at a higher level of aggregation for the Norfolk local education authority. These figures are presented in the following table for individuals at academic age 16(1) who participated in education in 1997 and 2005.
(1 )Academic age is the age of the individual measured at the beginning of the academic year, 31 August.
Local authority figures only contain estimates for the end of 2005 as the provisional Further Education Institution data is not robust enough at the local level to allow accurate reporting. The end of 2006 local authority data will be published in 2008.
Full-time education Total
Maintained schools( 1) Independent schools( 2) Sixth form college Other FE( 3) Total WBL Part-time education Education and WBL( 4) Population
Number, 1997
Percentage, 1997
Number, 2005 (provisional)
Percentage, 2005 (provisional)
(1) Includes all pupils in maintained schools and maintained special schools.
(2) Includes all pupils in independent schools, non-maintained special schools, city technology colleges, academies and pupil referral units.
(3 )Includes all learners in General FE, tertiary and specialist colleges (e.g. agriculture colleges).
(4 )Total of all full-time and part-time education and WBL, less WBL provision in education institutions.
General Certificate of Secondary Education
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what proportion of GCSE entries from (a) independent schools and (b) state schools scored an A* or A grade in each year since 1990-91. [150678]
Jim Knight: The information requested can be provided only at a disproportionate cost.
General Certificate of Secondary Education: Standards
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what average mark was necessary to secure an (a) A* grade, (b) A grade, (c) B grade and (d) C grade in GCSE (i) English, (ii) mathematics, (iii) physics, (iv) history, (v) geography, (vi) French, (vi) Latin and (vii) chemistry in each year since 1991-92. [150679]
Jim Knight: This information is not held centrally.
Mr. Laws: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families in what proportion of English secondary schools less than (a) 50 per cent., (b) 40 per cent., (c) 30 per cent., (d) 20 per cent., (e) 10 per cent.
and (f) 5 per cent. of pupils received five GCSEs at A*-C in the last period for which figures are available; and if he will make a statement. [150751]
Jim Knight: The number of maintained mainstream schools where less than (a) 50 per cent. (b) 40 per cent. (c) 30 per cent. and (d) 20 per cent. of pupils received five GCSEs at grades A*-C is available in Table 7 of the Statistical First Release:
GCSE and Equivalent Examination Results in England 2005/06.
Number of maintained mainstream schools( 1) by percentage of 15-year-old pupils( 2) achieving 5+ A*-C at GCSE and equivalents
Percentage of pupils achieving 5+ A*-C grades at GCSE and
School type Total number of schools 0-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40-49
All maintained mainstream schools(1) 2005/06
(1) Including only those maintained mainstream schools with results published in the 2006 Achievement and Attainment tables.
(2) Age at start of academic year i.e. 31 August.
In 2006, there was one maintained mainstream school in which 0 per cent. of pupils achieved five or more GCSEs at grades A*-C at GCSE. This is the only school that falls into categories (e) less than 10 per cent. and (f) less than 5 per cent. This pupil only had three pupils aged 15(1).
(1)( )Aged 15 on the 31 August 2005.
National Council for Educational Excellence
Mr. Gibb: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families (1) what the responsibilities are of the National Council for Educational Excellence; [149638]
(2) how members of the National Council for Educational Excellence were selected; [149640]
(3) what the budget is for the National Council for Educational Excellence; [149641]
(4) what steps the National Council for Educational Excellence will take to promote educational excellence. [149642]
Jim Knight: The National Council for Educational Excellence (NCEE) has a remit to provide advice to the Prime Minister and Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families about strategy and measures to achieve world-class education performance for all children and young people from birth to age 19.
The council is focused on providing advice and mobilising all sectors to provide the support to increase standards. Council members will act as advocates and champions to transform expectations and aspirations for the education system, and to rally the teaching profession, businesses, the third sector, universities and colleges, schools, and parents to raise standards year on year.


How did they know this when "God" only revealed himself to Israel?
Also, Rahab showed that she knew of Gods plan to give the land to the Isrealites which is why she asked to be spared.
christianity and judaism are completely different things, obviously.
It does not appear so obvious if some forms of Christianity emphasize the OT over the NT, such as when those forms deny all science, democracy, and any questioning of 'authority' in general.
It is unfortunate that so many so called "Christians" who have totally misinterpreted the OT still refuse to ask a Jew what the actual meaning of the text may be. However it is not surprising given that the self-proclaimed 'saved' believe the primary purpose of life is to be smug, condescending, or at worst 'beyond good and evil' as such that any immoral behavior is allowed due to viewing all others as less than human.
Not that you would be guilty of any of these infractions, of course.
thats the beauty of christianity though, it allows people time to change whereas the mosaic law did not.
because Abraham lived with them in the same region.
That was hundreds of years earlier. The Canaanites didn't interact religiously with Abraham. Each group had its own deity or deities.
It is no different now, even though there are many people, who know of Yahweh, it is taken as simply a sects beliefs. Why do you think that there are hundreds Christian sects alone not to mention the other Abrahamic Religions, Judaism & Islam then the non-Abrahamic religions such as Hindu, Confucianism, Buddhist etc. Just knowing what others believe in doesn't mean that they will accept or adopt it.
Just knowing what others believe in doesn't mean that they will accept or adopt it.
however the account of Rahab shows that she knew of the inheritance issue. so it must have been a talking point for the Canaanites to some degree whether they believed it or not.
obviously many didnt believe it because they chose to fight and they likely believed they would win the fight.
the tree of life was a representation of everlasting life, not a literal life giving tree.
Then why was he worried that they would eat of the tree and become like gods, living forever? If the tree was a metaphor or a representation, then they could have eaten of it and not changed a thing.
But when they were removed from the garden, they no longer had everlasting life as a prospect.
Ok, but that means everlasting life wasn't a given, it was just a possibility. By having god remove them from the garden, he removed the possibility, but that doesn't equate to killing someone.
So he did kill them in that he allowed them to die.
I would disagree with this interpretation. Again, if I threaten someone with death, having it come from old age 100s of years later doesn't mean I carried out my threat, even if I had the possibility to prolong their life. I didn't kill them, I just didn't stop them from dying.
what you say is totally true for the example you give.
but thats not what happened in the case of A&E. God purposely removed them from the one place where they would live forever.
The power of life and death is in Gods hands and when A&E proved disloyal, he removed the prospect of everlasting life from them so that they had to die.
even though it happened at a much later date, it was still the direct result of God removing them from his presence.
So, if I take someone from a first world nation, where we have antibiotics and many good health increasing medicines, and take them to a third world nation, where there is less access to drugs and more cases of disease running unchecked, and 10 years later, they catch malaria and die, is it my fault because I removed them from the place where they would not have caught malaria or had good drugs to combat it?
Or, perhaps closer to home, when England sent convicts to Australia and some of them died, was England responsible for their deaths?
yes, the conditions they sent them in caused their death therefore they were responsible for those who died.


text:
import inspect
from functools import wraps
from tempfile import mkstemp
from multiprocessing import cpu_count

import numpy as np

import ray
from ray.experimental.serve.constants import (
    DEFAULT_HTTP_HOST, DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT, SERVE_NURSERY_NAME)
from ray.experimental.serve.global_state import (GlobalState,
                                                 start_initial_state)
from ray.experimental.serve.kv_store_service import SQLiteKVStore
from ray.experimental.serve.task_runner import RayServeMixin, TaskRunnerActor
from ray.experimental.serve.utils import (block_until_http_ready,
                                          get_random_letters)
from ray.experimental.serve.exceptions import RayServeException
from ray.experimental.serve.backend_config import BackendConfig
from ray.experimental.serve.policy import RoutePolicy
from ray.experimental.serve.queues import Query
global_state = None

def _get_global_state():
    """Used for internal purpose. Because just import serve.global_state
    will always reference the original None object
    """
    return global_state

def _ensure_connected(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def check(*args, **kwargs):
        if _get_global_state() is None:
            raise RayServeException("Please run serve.init to initialize or "
                                    "connect to existing ray serve cluster.")
        return f(*args, **kwargs)

    return check

def accept_batch(f):
    """Annotation to mark a serving function that batch is accepted.

    This annotation need to be used to mark a function expect all arguments
    to be passed into a list.

    Example:

    >>> @serve.accept_batch
        def serving_func(flask_request):
            assert isinstance(flask_request, list)
            ...

    >>> class ServingActor:
            @serve.accept_batch
            def __call__(self, *, python_arg=None):
                assert isinstance(python_arg, list)
    """
    f.serve_accept_batch = True
    return f

def init(kv_store_connector=None,
         kv_store_path=None,
         blocking=False,
         http_host=DEFAULT_HTTP_HOST,
         http_port=DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT,
         ray_init_kwargs={
             "object_store_memory": int(1e8),
             "num_cpus": max(cpu_count(), 8)
         },
         gc_window_seconds=3600,
         queueing_policy=RoutePolicy.Random,
         policy_kwargs={}):
    """Initialize a serve cluster.

    If serve cluster has already initialized, this function will just return.

    Calling `ray.init` before `serve.init` is optional. When there is not a ray
    cluster initialized, serve will call `ray.init` with `object_store_memory`
    requirement.

    Args:
        kv_store_connector (callable): Function of (namespace) => TableObject.
            We will use a SQLite connector that stores to /tmp by default.
        kv_store_path (str, path): Path to the SQLite table.
        blocking (bool): If true, the function will wait for the HTTP server to
            be healthy, and other components to be ready before returns.
        http_host (str): Host for HTTP server. Default to "0.0.0.0".
        http_port (int): Port for HTTP server. Default to 8000.
        ray_init_kwargs (dict): Argument passed to ray.init, if there is no ray
            connection. Default to {"object_store_memory": int(1e8)} for
            performance stability reason
        gc_window_seconds(int): How long will we keep the metric data in
            memory. Data older than the gc_window will be deleted. The default
            is 3600 seconds, which is 1 hour.
        queueing_policy(RoutePolicy): Define the queueing policy for selecting
            the backend for a service. (Default: RoutePolicy.Random)
        policy_kwargs: Arguments required to instantiate a queueing policy
    """
    global global_state
    # Noop if global_state is no longer None
    if global_state is not None:
        return

    # Initialize ray if needed.
    if not ray.is_initialized():
        ray.init(**ray_init_kwargs)

    # Try to get serve nursery if there exists
    try:
        ray.experimental.get_actor(SERVE_NURSERY_NAME)
        global_state = GlobalState()
        return
    except ValueError:
        pass

    # Register serialization context once
    ray.register_custom_serializer(Query, Query.ray_serialize,
                                   Query.ray_deserialize)

    if kv_store_path is None:
        _, kv_store_path = mkstemp()

    # Serve has not been initialized, perform init sequence
    # Todo, move the db to session_dir
    #    ray.worker._global_node.address_info["session_dir"]
    def kv_store_connector(namespace):
        return SQLiteKVStore(namespace, db_path=kv_store_path)

    nursery = start_initial_state(kv_store_connector)

    global_state = GlobalState(nursery)
    global_state.init_or_get_http_server(host=http_host, port=http_port)
    global_state.init_or_get_router(
        queueing_policy=queueing_policy, policy_kwargs=policy_kwargs)
    global_state.init_or_get_metric_monitor(
        gc_window_seconds=gc_window_seconds)

    if blocking:
        block_until_http_ready("http://{}:{}".format(http_host, http_port))

@_ensure_connected
def create_endpoint(endpoint_name, route, blocking=True):
    """Create a service endpoint given route_expression.

    Args:
        endpoint_name (str): A name to associate to the endpoint. It will be
            used as key to set traffic policy.
        route (str): A string begin with "/". HTTP server will use
            the string to match the path.
        blocking (bool): If true, the function will wait for service to be
            registered before returning
    """
    global_state.route_table.register_service(route, endpoint_name)

@_ensure_connected
def set_backend_config(backend_tag, backend_config):
    """Set a backend configuration for a backend tag

    Args:
        backend_tag(str): A registered backend.
        backend_config(BackendConfig) : Desired backend configuration.
    """
    assert backend_tag in global_state.backend_table.list_backends(), (
        "Backend {} is not registered.".format(backend_tag))
    assert isinstance(backend_config,
                      BackendConfig), ("backend_config must be"
                                       " of instance BackendConfig")
    backend_config_dict = dict(backend_config)

    old_backend_config_dict = global_state.backend_table.get_info(backend_tag)
    global_state.backend_table.register_info(backend_tag, backend_config_dict)

    # inform the router about change in configuration
    # particularly for setting max_batch_size
    ray.get(global_state.init_or_get_router().set_backend_config.remote(
        backend_tag, backend_config_dict))

    # checking if replicas need to be restarted
    # Replicas are restarted if there is any change in the backend config
    # related to restart_configs
    # TODO(alind) : have replica restarting policies selected by the user

    need_to_restart_replicas = any(
        old_backend_config_dict[k] != backend_config_dict[k]
        for k in BackendConfig.restart_on_change_fields)
    if need_to_restart_replicas:
        # kill all the replicas for restarting with new configurations
        scale(backend_tag, 0)

    # scale the replicas with new configuration
    scale(backend_tag, backend_config_dict["num_replicas"])

@_ensure_connected
def get_backend_config(backend_tag):
    """get the backend configuration for a backend tag

    Args:
        backend_tag(str): A registered backend.
    """
    assert backend_tag in global_state.backend_table.list_backends(), (
        "Backend {} is not registered.".format(backend_tag))
    backend_config_dict = global_state.backend_table.get_info(backend_tag)
    return BackendConfig(**backend_config_dict)

@_ensure_connected
def create_backend(func_or_class,
                   backend_tag,
                   *actor_init_args,
                   backend_config=BackendConfig()):
    """Create a backend using func_or_class and assign backend_tag.

    Args:
        func_or_class (callable, class): a function or a class implements
            __call__ protocol.
        backend_tag (str): a unique tag assign to this backend. It will be used
            to associate services in traffic policy.
        backend_config (BackendConfig): An object defining backend properties
        for starting a backend.
        *actor_init_args (optional): the argument to pass to the class
            initialization method.
    """
    assert isinstance(backend_config,
                      BackendConfig), ("backend_config must be"
                                       " of instance BackendConfig")
    backend_config_dict = dict(backend_config)

    should_accept_batch = (True if backend_config.max_batch_size is not None
                           else False)
    batch_annotation_not_found = RayServeException(
        "max_batch_size is set in config but the function or method does not "
        "accept batching. Please use @serve.accept_batch to explicitly mark "
        "the function or method as batchable and takes in list as arguments.")

    arg_list = []
    if inspect.isfunction(func_or_class):
        if should_accept_batch and not hasattr(func_or_class,
                                               "serve_accept_batch"):
            raise batch_annotation_not_found

        # arg list for a fn is function itself
        arg_list = [func_or_class]
        # ignore lint on lambda expression
        creator = lambda kwrgs: TaskRunnerActor._remote(**kwrgs)  # noqa: E731
    elif inspect.isclass(func_or_class):
        if should_accept_batch and not hasattr(func_or_class.__call__,
                                               "serve_accept_batch"):
            raise batch_annotation_not_found

        # Python inheritance order is right-to-left. We put RayServeMixin
        # on the left to make sure its methods are not overriden.
        @ray.remote
        class CustomActor(RayServeMixin, func_or_class):
            pass

        arg_list = actor_init_args
        # ignore lint on lambda expression
        creator = lambda kwargs: CustomActor._remote(**kwargs)  # noqa: E731
    else:
        raise TypeError(
            "Backend must be a function or class, it is {}.".format(
                type(func_or_class)))

    # save creator which starts replicas
    global_state.backend_table.register_backend(backend_tag, creator)

    # save information about configurations needed to start the replicas
    global_state.backend_table.register_info(backend_tag, backend_config_dict)

    # save the initial arguments needed by replicas
    global_state.backend_table.save_init_args(backend_tag, arg_list)

    # set the backend config inside the router
    # particularly for max-batch-size
    ray.get(global_state.init_or_get_router().set_backend_config.remote(
        backend_tag, backend_config_dict))
    scale(backend_tag, backend_config_dict["num_replicas"])

def _start_replica(backend_tag):
    assert backend_tag in global_state.backend_table.list_backends(), (
        "Backend {} is not registered.".format(backend_tag))

    replica_tag = "{}#{}".format(backend_tag, get_random_letters(length=6))

    # get the info which starts the replicas
    creator = global_state.backend_table.get_backend_creator(backend_tag)
    backend_config_dict = global_state.backend_table.get_info(backend_tag)
    backend_config = BackendConfig(**backend_config_dict)
    init_args = global_state.backend_table.get_init_args(backend_tag)

    # get actor creation kwargs
    actor_kwargs = backend_config.get_actor_creation_args(init_args)

    # Create the runner in the nursery
    [runner_handle] = ray.get(
        global_state.actor_nursery_handle.start_actor_with_creator.remote(
            creator, actor_kwargs, replica_tag))

    # Setup the worker
    ray.get(
        runner_handle._ray_serve_setup.remote(
            backend_tag, global_state.init_or_get_router(), runner_handle))
    runner_handle._ray_serve_fetch.remote()

    # Register the worker in config tables as well as metric monitor
    global_state.backend_table.add_replica(backend_tag, replica_tag)
    global_state.init_or_get_metric_monitor().add_target.remote(runner_handle)

def _remove_replica(backend_tag):
    assert backend_tag in global_state.backend_table.list_backends(), (
        "Backend {} is not registered.".format(backend_tag))
    assert len(global_state.backend_table.list_replicas(backend_tag)) > 0, (
        "Backend {} does not have enough replicas to be removed.".format(
            backend_tag))

    replica_tag = global_state.backend_table.remove_replica(backend_tag)
    [replica_handle] = ray.get(
        global_state.actor_nursery_handle.get_handle.remote(replica_tag))

    # Remove the replica from metric monitor.
    ray.get(global_state.init_or_get_metric_monitor().remove_target.remote(
        replica_handle))

    # Remove the replica from actor nursery.
    ray.get(
        global_state.actor_nursery_handle.remove_handle.remote(replica_tag))

    # Remove the replica from router.
    # This will also destory the actor handle.
    ray.get(global_state.init_or_get_router()
            .remove_and_destory_replica.remote(backend_tag, replica_handle))

@_ensure_connected
def scale(backend_tag, num_replicas):
    """Set the number of replicas for backend_tag.

    Args:
        backend_tag (str): A registered backend.
        num_replicas (int): Desired number of replicas
    """
    assert backend_tag in global_state.backend_table.list_backends(), (
        "Backend {} is not registered.".format(backend_tag))
    assert num_replicas >= 0, ("Number of replicas must be"
                               " greater than or equal to 0.")

    replicas = global_state.backend_table.list_replicas(backend_tag)
    current_num_replicas = len(replicas)
    delta_num_replicas = num_replicas - current_num_replicas

    if delta_num_replicas > 0:
        for _ in range(delta_num_replicas):
            _start_replica(backend_tag)
    elif delta_num_replicas < 0:
        for _ in range(-delta_num_replicas):
            _remove_replica(backend_tag)

@_ensure_connected
def link(endpoint_name, backend_tag):
    """Associate a service endpoint with backend tag.

    Example:

    >>> serve.link("service-name", "backend:v1")

    Note:
    This is equivalent to

    >>> serve.split("service-name", {"backend:v1": 1.0})
    """
    split(endpoint_name, {backend_tag: 1.0})

@_ensure_connected
def split(endpoint_name, traffic_policy_dictionary):
    """Associate a service endpoint with traffic policy.

    Example:

    >>> serve.split("service-name", {
        "backend:v1": 0.5,
        "backend:v2": 0.5
    })

    Args:
        endpoint_name (str): A registered service endpoint.
        traffic_policy_dictionary (dict): a dictionary maps backend names
            to their traffic weights. The weights must sum to 1.
    """
    assert endpoint_name in global_state.route_table.list_service().values()

    assert isinstance(traffic_policy_dictionary,
                      dict), "Traffic policy must be dictionary"
    prob = 0
    for backend, weight in traffic_policy_dictionary.items():
        prob += weight
        assert (backend in global_state.backend_table.list_backends()
                ), "backend {} is not registered".format(backend)
    assert np.isclose(
        prob, 1,
        atol=0.02), "weights must sum to 1, currently it sums to {}".format(
            prob)

    global_state.policy_table.register_traffic_policy(
        endpoint_name, traffic_policy_dictionary)
    ray.get(global_state.init_or_get_router().set_traffic.remote(
        endpoint_name, traffic_policy_dictionary))

@_ensure_connected
def get_handle(endpoint_name):
    """Retrieve RayServeHandle for service endpoint to invoke it from Python.

    Args:
        endpoint_name (str): A registered service endpoint.

    Returns:
        RayServeHandle
    """
    assert endpoint_name in global_state.route_table.list_service().values()

    # Delay import due to it's dependency on global_state
    from ray.experimental.serve.handle import RayServeHandle

    return RayServeHandle(global_state.init_or_get_router(), endpoint_name)

@_ensure_connected
def stat(percentiles=[50, 90, 95],
         agg_windows_seconds=[10, 60, 300, 600, 3600]):
    """Retrieve metric statistics about ray serve system.

    Args:
        percentiles(List[int]): The percentiles for aggregation operations.
            Default is 50th, 90th, 95th percentile.
        agg_windows_seconds(List[int]): The aggregation windows in seconds.
            The longest aggregation window must be shorter or equal to the
            gc_window_seconds.
    """
    return ray.get(global_state.init_or_get_metric_monitor().collect.remote(
        percentiles, agg_windows_seconds))

class route:
    def __init__(self, url_route):
        self.route = url_route

    def __call__(self, func_or_class):
        name = func_or_class.__name__
        backend_tag = "{}:v0".format(name)

        create_backend(func_or_class, backend_tag)
        create_endpoint(name, self.route)
        link(name, backend_tag)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Mystery Cults in the Age of Conspiracy Theories
I am the High Priestess of Hawkfire Coven, which is currently an outer court of Seekers from around the world who, for diverse reasons, are unable to seek with traditional, in-person covens.
(Okay, you probably know that already. Just bear with me.)
Hawkfire is Gardnerian Wiccan coven, which is one of the so-called Western Mystery Traditions. (I find this term anachronistic, but we'll just have to roll with it for now.)
The idea is that this tradition maintains secret knowledge. Those who are drawn to this tradition — in theory ignorant of this mysterious knowledge but desirous of it and its potential gifts — are Seekers. When a Seeker is deemed ready to partake in this arcana, they are initiated into the cult. Initiation, means they begin the work of Gardnerian Wicca.
In my particular line of Gardnerian Wicca, starting Outer Court training is like a pre-initiation. It is a process of training before the 'real' work begins. The Real Mysteries™ are revealed upon Initiation and that's when all the real magic really happens. For realz.
As you can probably tell; I take some issue with these assumptions.
But I'm also stuck in a bit of a paradox. I'm committed to fact-based decision making and inquiry that is honest and challenging. In my Outer Court, they're 'getting to know' the Outer Court gods, but a big part of this process is learning discernment. When is it the god, and when is it just wishing it were the god? This is incredibly hard work and I struggle with it myself all the time. And I'm not sure it ever gets 'easy'. But it's incredibly valuable work that's improved not only my witchcraft, but my job, my family, my relationships, and more.
Yes, discernment is as hard as it is valuable. It's a method of checking one's own implicit biases, a way of making sure one isn't being 'righteously correct'.
'Cuz hubris is a thing (and may it always bite me in the ass).
So, if and when Hawkfire's Seekers are initiated, I will (hopefully) have a good sense of their own, individual commitment to discernment, to self-honesty, to learning from mistakes, in order to transform and grow as individuals. And I will also have a good sense of their facility to keeping promises, to keep silence – to keep secrets. We are, after all, a Mystery Cult™.
Meanwhile, 400 miles away, a mob of self-declared 'holders of secret truths, of real truths, not those lying media fake truths', stormed my nation's capital in a terrorist coup.
I won't mince words: I consider them both terrorists and traitors. They're traitors to our nation, to our Constitution, and to the very bedrock of this country. They can seriously go fuck themselves and go find some sinking island in the Antarctic to inhabit. Fuck you wholesale, you degenerates: I hope that island is covered in 10 inches of cormorant shit and rotting fish, you ass-wipe traitor terrorists.
As gratifying as that was, it's just not very helpful to wallow around in my own self-righteous anger – it's a coping mechanism. But it's not helpful towards discernment.
The coup isn't exactly a surprise; things have been building up to this for the last four years (and much longer, really). Those researching trends in journalistic and social media have been warning us for years about what dangers 'post-truth' presents to the fabric of society. To be clear, post-truth ideologies aren't just dangerous to the democracy of the United States: it's a global danger. Disinformation has flourished thanks to social media technologies and the ne'er-do-wells and ignoramuses ready to capitalize on our desire to see, read, and believe sexy and alluring disinfo.
QAnon seemed like a joke at first, but the realness of its danger is all too evident now. QAnon is a total fiction, a glorified choose-your-own-adventure, which is one of the reasons why so many were sucked into this conservative, conspiratorial LARP game. And let's be clear: it's not just white supremacists who have taken the bait: less rabid conservatives and even moderates have been sucked into the QAnon fabrication as well (listen to the Rabbit Hole podcast for a fascinating exploration of this phenomena).
Furthermore, many Trump supporters who are not followers of QAnon are nevertheless buying into connected fabrications. For example, our local newspaper interviewed some Trump supporters who went to DC for the protest and also witnessed the coup attempt. All the interview subjects were appalled by the mob and the destruction at the Capitol. Yet all of them also still repeated the same tired falsehood: 'We went to DC to protest the vote steal'. This fabrication is no less dangerous than what's coming out of QAnon, especially if it's allowed to fester into the future. And I just don't see how we can avoid that.
The real destruction isn't in broken windows or stolen laptops: it's in the wholesale belief of utter falsehoods that conform with the believers' pre-disposed biases. It's the belief that there are secrets and hidden figures in positions of power that are working against their own, most righteous interests. It's the belief that they are the ones who 'see the light' and 'know the truth'. It's in the crumbling of belief in any possible truth.
These are the real dangers, and none of this is going anywhere after the inauguration. I'm deeply, deeply worried for my country, and aside from shutting down all social media to keep shit from getting worse, I don't really see any solutions. It's disheartening and frightening.
So, as a coven leader in a Mystery Tradition™, I'm a holder and promiser of secrets. And the events of this last week have made me deeply conscious of both my inordinate power in relation to my Seekers and the surface challenge of 'Good Secret's vs. 'Bad Secrets'.
In a previous post I discussed the complexity of secrecy, privacy, and oaths, and events of this last week are making me look at that dynamic again. As a coven leader, I have a responsibility to my Seekers to be as honest with them as possible, while simultaneously maintaining my Oaths. And while I am a holder of Secrets to non-Initiates, I feel a huge desire to castrate that power, for the sake and well-being of not only my Seekers but, honestly, of the tradition itself.
How do you responsibly control social power that is founded upon the holding of Secrets, in an age of Conspiracy Theories? The myriad dangers of saying 'I have a secret, and you're part of a privileged few who will also soon know these secrets' has seldom been clearer.
Sure, most Mystery Traditions, including Gardnerian Wicca, don't proselytize, and we certainly don't promise truths that will affect government or society in any way, shape, or form. Ideally, once Initiated, the new Witch and Priest(x) begins a process of transformation, of discovering Mysteries™ on their own. But these are things that are highly dependent upon the individual's own efforts and actions. I'm very up-front with my Seekers about that. In many ways, they are already experiencing Mysteries. Shoot, learning that witchcraft is even a thing can be a Mystery.
I can count the Mysteries I've experienced on two hands. And I could tell you all about them because me telling you about them could never even begin to reveal anything of the experience.
Proposing to my husband. My wedding. The birth of my son. The death of my mother. The death of my father. My cancer scare. The first time I hunted and killed an animal. My initiation into Gardnerian Wicca.
In the case of the last Mystery, I was aggressively ignorant of the mechanics of what would actually happen. I literally stopped reading certain books and websites when I realized I might be in danger of having certain 'mysteries' revealed to me. I didn't want to know, and I wanted my initiation to be a true surprise, to be utterly new, to be a revelation of secrets.
But was this willful ignorance or respect for secrets? I dunno, and it probably depends on who you ask. But the point is, I didn't quite grok the difference between an occult rite and Magical Knowledge™, between a mystery and a Mystery™. And I didn't grok that maybe, just maybe, people have actually kept their oaths.
Now, on the other side of Initiation, I have mixed feelings. Part of me wishes I had known. Part of me wishes there were a 'sanctioned and official' [ha, as if!] way of discussing things ahead of Initiation, mostly just to empower Seekers to make their own best decisions, but also to assure that coven leaders are fully comfortable with all aspects of consent. I know some coven leaders have figured out ways of doing this, and I applaud them [and, yeah, drop me a line and let me know how you handle it, I'd love to know!] While I'm still personally on the fence about it, I know I'll figure something out in time. And whatever I decide, it will be between me and my Seekers because: Coven Autonomy. Which is, really, just another form of oath-keeping.
On the other hand, knowing the mechanics of Initiation ahead of time really wouldn't have impacted the Mystery of the experience at all– I know that now. I could have known, word for word, every single thing that would happen, I could have memorized the whole ritual ahead of time. But it wouldn't have really changed a thing for me. The Initiation itself still would have been one of the most powerful experiences of my life. Which is a Mystery.
I could tell you word for word about the birth of my son. About the death of my father.
And unless you had those same experiences yourself, you could never, ever have any idea of those Mysteries. And even if you shared those same life experiences, everyone's experience of a particular Mystery is nevertheless unique. Even if we're both Initiates of the Wicca – our individual experiences of Initiation will always be different, unique, and ineffable.
I find this utterly, and indescribably beautiful.
I feel a huge responsibility as a Holder of Secrets, especially in an age of conspiracy theories, lies, disinformation, and propaganda.
I need my Seekers to know that the greatest Secrets could never be revealed to them by anyone. They alone experience the most important Mysteries over the course of simply living their lives.
I need them to know they don't 'need' Wicca. They just need to live their lives with discernment and self-honesty.
That's it. That's all.
I feel the need to disempower myself as a Priestess of the Wicca, to make myself smaller, less important. Seekers: I'm a grubby little witch in the woods, stirring a pot, and muttering. It might be an infernal spell, but it's probably just Thursday's dirty laundry.
It's not that I don't believe in the incredible experience of being a Gardnerian Witch and Priestess. As I said, my Initiation into Gardnerian Wicca was one of the most profound experiences of my life. And I can't begin to describe how grateful I am that these things are part of my life. I feel the same way about my kid. You wouldn't have a baby just to know the Mystery of childbirth, right? So too, one shouldn't Seek Initiation into a Mystery Tradition just to know 'secret stuff'. That's why I really do believe the Outer Court reveals its own Mysteries, long before the work of Wicca begins. You're living life. You're doing the thing. That's the palace of secrets, yo.
But I'm keenly aware of the dangerous allure of arcane knowledge, that the secretness of Initiatory Wicca can turn it into a video game, where you're just trying to get to the Next Level, to find out the secrets, to win the game.
And as much as I respect the mystical power of gameplay, Initiatory Wicca isn't a game you play until you win; there is no winning or losing. It's something you're called to experience, and by pursuing it with honesty and discernment, you are experiencing the Mysteries.
Anybody who promises you 'the truth', 'the secrets', or 'hidden knowledge' should probably be kicked to the curb. That shit is a conspiracy theory and dangerous as fuck.
I'm really anxious about what 2021 will bring. Shit, I'm anxious about the whole next decade.
I really, really hope my country has the capacity to weather whatever comes next. But I've studied enough history to know that nations often end, empires fall, 'dark' ages and 'golden' ages come in cycles.
I'd just prefer the U.S. to not end just yet. I really kind of like America. And I think America even likes me. But for all these reasons, I need to do this ol' Brit Gardnerian Wicca thing in the most American way I can – with razor-sharp self-honesty, creativity, ingenuity, and a giant, giant slab of the crassest humor I can muster. Godsspeed.
Recommended Listening/Reading
8-part podcast series from the New York Times by Kevin Roose. April – June 2020.
The American Abyss
New York Times essay by By Timothy Snyder Jan. 9, 2021.
Gardnerian Wicca, Hawkfire Coven, Politics


As I prepare for the release of my first novel, By the Dark of Her Eyes, I am opening this web site as a hub for my online activity. Please follow me here and on Facebook and Twitter.
Congratulations on your upcoming publication. Looking forward to reading the modified fanfiction.


text:
Tennessee State University Newsroom
Alumni, EVENTS, FACULTY, FEATURED, NEWS, SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, Uncategorized
Business savvy TSU Alums serving up slices and scholarships with expansion of pizza franchise
June 21, 2018 Michael McLendon
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (TSU News Service) –Scores of hungry patrons waited patiently for their chance to try a slice of Slim & Husky's Pizza at the grand opening of its Antioch restaurant on June 19. The new location is a follow up to the successful north Nashville eatery established by three Tennessee State University alums.
Though much larger than the first venue, the new restaurant at 5270 Hickory Hollow Pkwy remained packed with patrons throughout the day. The new Slim & Husky's employs more than 100 people and features the art of six local artists.
"It's been great man. Since we opened the doors today at 10:30 a.m., we've had a line out the door, so it's been a beautiful experience and opening for us," said Derrick Moore, one of the three Tennessee State University alums who gained national acclaim in March 2017 when they opened the restaurant's first location at 911 Buchanan St. in Nashville.
Patrons wait patiently for a taste of Slim & Husky's Pizza during the venue's June 19 grand opening commemorating the Juneteenth.
Moore, along with Emmanuel "E.J." Reed and Clinton Gray III, took their vision of fusing pizza, hip hop and art, and created a thriving brand which will in the upcoming year expand to locations in Wedgwood Houston (Nashville), Nashville International Airport (BNA), the upcoming National Museum of African American Music, and Atlanta.
According to Moore, the trio opted to expand the Slim & Husky's brand to Antioch to provide more quality food offerings in the area.
"We know that Antioch is underserved when it comes to quality food. We have a lot of food chains out here, but not a lot of people invest in Antioch in terms of locally–owned restaurants, and so we knew that we would do well out here," he said. "Plus, the demographic of Antioch is so diverse. There are so many people here, so we knew that this would be a great location for them."
Waiting outside for his chance to experience one of Slim & Husky's
TSU alum Clyde Poag stands in line anticipating his first slice of Slim & Husky's Pizza at the new Antioch location.
many offerings was 1971 TSU Alum and East St. Louis, Illinois native Clyde Poag. Poag, the stepson of former TSU faculty member and speech and theatre legend Thomas Edward Poag, said his son encouraged him to check out the restaurant.
"My son said go and try it, so I am taking him at his word," he said. Poag will begin teaching at TSU this fall as an adjunct professor of social work.
As Slim & Husky's continues to grow, its owners have increased their efforts to promote education by continuing to provide jobs for area youth, as well as scholarships. Last month, the owners presented scholarships to five former and current employees who, according to the owners, "excelled through academics, athletics and community service."
Owners of Slim & Husky's Pizza pose with recipients of five scholarships they presented to local high school students in May including Doneisha Wells (center) who plans to attend TSU.
Moore said they presented additional scholarships to students at an area high school. He said at least one of the students, Doneisha Wells of East Magnet High School, hopes to attend TSU.
"It's just something we want to do, because to us, we just don't want to be one of those companies that come into the community and don't contribute," he said.
Wells, who said she would like to have a career in childcare or healthcare, is excited about the possibilities of attending the university.
"It's more convenient for me in my situation," she said. "It's closer to home, and I love TSU. I go to every TSU event."
The Antioch location of Slim and Husky's is open this week from 10:30 a.m. – 8 p.m. through Saturday, and beginning next Monday from 10:30 a.m.-11 p.m. Monday through Saturday, and 12 p.m. to8 p.m. on Sunday. For more information about the venue, visit slimandhuskys.com.
AlumnifeaturedMichael McLendonPoagScholarshipsSlim & Husky'sTennessee State University
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Michael McLendon
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Scholarship Gala
Terrence Izzard
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TSU President Glenda Glover


I enjoyed this game on my laptop the first 2-3 months the game was out for, but I don't have the time to completely immerse myself on my laptop.
I've been waiting for this game to show up on the App Store for ages now, or suddenly see news of a launch date.
Is there any timeframe or timeline of when I can expect to play on my iPad?
I don't want to play in beta, I want to play on the account I put hours into a year ago.
MY problem is that I'm not receiving an invite. (...) I feel screwed.
I just checked Apple's interface - invite to you has been sent quite a while ago. Will re-send and PM you details.


text:
Q: How can I check to see if two cylinders overlap? Is there a simple way for me to determine if a cylinder a and cylinder b overlap in the 3D space? I have spent a few hours looking into this, but haven't yet found a solution.
For a little while, I thought that MemberRegion[] might be useful, but it does not seem to be working in 3 dimensions.

For example, here, above, two cylinders are overlapping

A: Region@RegionIntersection[
   Cylinder[{{0, 0, 0}, {1, 1, 1}}, 2],
   Cylinder[{{0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 1}}, 4]]

or
RegionDimension@
 RegionIntersection[
   Cylinder[{{0, 0, 0}, {1, 1, 1}}, 2],
   Cylinder[{{0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 1}}, 4]]

(*  3  *)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Beside Myself is the debut novel from Ann Morgan and all I can say is wow, I really loved this book. The first thing that caught my attention was the cover, such a simple yet striking design, I just had to find out more. The story itself is about identical twin girls Helen and Ellie. Helen is the popular, more capable and intelligent twin while Ellie has some challenges that set her apart from Helen in the eyes of both her mum and her peers. She is the less popular twin.
Then one day at the age of 6, Helen and Ellie decide to swap places. It was only supposed to be a game, it was only supposed to be for one day. But what happens when one twin, the unpopular twin decides that she likes her new persona and doesn't want to give it back.
When Ellie refuses to switch back, Helens nightmare begins, a nightmare that she can never wake up from. She loses everything, her toys, her clothes, her friends, her glowing record at school, the favour of her mother and the future she had dreamed of. She loses her identity. As the years pass, not only do the memories of that day fade but so too does her sense of self until eventually only "Smudge" is left.
This is a gripping and psychological read with many serious and confronting themes throughout, abuse, mental health, toxic relationships, self harm, fractured identities to name a few. But the one thing I can say about this story is that it makes for a compulsive, unputdownable read with characters that have been written with the greatest of sympathy. It is fast paced and at no point does it fail to get into your head and draw you in. Beside Myself is one of the best books I have read this year.
I would recommend this book to anyone that likes a powerful psychological read. It deals with the darkness that surrounds mental health. The reader really gets a feel for what it is like to be Smudge and just how broken and despondent one becomes when your sense of identity becomes fractured. The unravelling of her persona was so well crafted by the author that I could not get this story out of my head, I thought about it for days and when the book ended I couldn't read another book for a week while I tried to reconcile myself with Smudge's life and the many trauma's she had to endure.
I took off one star as it took me some time to get into the story. I felt confused for the first 50 or so pages about what was going on and which twin was which. I did however reach a point where I became more confident about their identities and from there really got into the story. I reached a point in fact where this book became impossible to put down and I just had to reach the end and find out Smudge's fate.
This book played with my emotions big time and that is why I liked it so much. I really rooted for Smudge and couldn't understand why no one else ever did. Her story really pulled at my heart strings. A fantastic read with a protagonist like no other you will ever meet. A must read for anyone who wants an emotionally engaging story.
I would like to thank Netgalley and Bloomsbury Publishing for the ARC copy of Beside Myself that I received. To find out more about this book or to pre-order please follow the below links.
Its been a crazy day Simon. There was a massive car crash on the motorway in Dublin and traffic was gridlocked everywhere as a result. It took me two hours to do the school run this morning. I had to just ditch the car and run to school in the end.
But when I heard what happened and that a woman was left fighting for her life in hospital, it put a lot of things in perspective for me. How is your Wednesday going?
If you do ever get round to reading Beside Myself I would love to know what you think.
Where I live there are relatively frequent crashes and we all have to think about how grateful we are to be alive, every day.
If I do read it, I will let you know. Would you rather on here or should I email you?
Yes things like that really make you sit back and think. And thanks, I will try stay safe. I am a careful driver but I guess at the end of the day its other drivers we need to watch out for.
Great blog and oh my goodness this sounds absolutely incredible! I have to read it!
Thank you so much, that is very kind of you.
Wow this book sounds incredibly compelling! This must go on my TBR immediately.
Wonderful review, you really got me hooked on this one!
Thanks so much Lucy, I'm so pleased you liked the review and might read it with your book group. Only 2 more months until it's published. I think Ann Morgan might be an author to watch out for.
Wow, what an amazing concept for a book. You reviewed it beautifully! It sounds like this is a must read! I'll have to get myself a copy!
Thank you Kate, I hope you like Beside Myself as much as me. I am still thinking about it weeks on.
I'm sure I will. It certainly sounds like a very interesting read! Thank you so much for the follow! I'm so new at all of this! I am very grateful for the support.
That sounds beautiful! I am so glad to have joined this community. Thank you for being so lovely to me!
Fantastic review. Really perceptive. It's a fascinating premise.


If you're paranoid about security, it may be better to configure AWSTATS to run in static mode only.
It may also be sensible to update awstats manually to the latest stable version. I just did this by searching for files on the server and replacing them with the new versions, though this is a bit tedious due to the way that Ubuntu's package installer spreads the distribution files around the filesystem. Finally it's necessary to restart Apache so that mod_perl doesn't run the old code.