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You are here: Home / EU173 Transcript: Unschooling in Context with Anna Brown
EU173 Transcript: Unschooling in Context with Anna Brown
PAM: Welcome I'm Pam Laricchia from livingjoyfully.ca and today I'm here with Anna Brown. Hi Anna.
ANNA: Hello
PAM: I'm really happy to have Anna back on the Podcast because I always love her perspective and insight around unschooling. And that's especially why I'm excited for this episode because what I want to tackle is defining unschooling. Which really isn't an easy thing to do, which is why there is so much conversation around it and has been forever. Now that said, I am not thinking or talking about trying to come up with a short and snappy definition. There isn't one because it is such a rich thing and it turns into a lifestyle etc. But what I want to do is add some context to the conversation by comparing and contrasting unschooling with some of the other alternative education options that are out there and some of the other terms that get tossed around as unschooling as well.
None of this is in a better or worse kind of way. I love that the alternative education options out there are growing. I love that people have more choices. But talking about the differences between them with an eye to helping parents make more informed choices around whether or not unschooling might be a great fit for their families, that's what I'm trying to do with this conversation.
So, speaking about choices I do think one of the most fundamental and helpful shifts for all parents to make is the realization that our children's education is our choice. I remember when my kids were going to school when I had never heard of unschooling, I said this isn't an option and that was part of let's figure out a way to make having to go to school work. It wasn't until I realized there was a choice that the whole world opened up all of a sudden.
So, that's one thing I wanted to talk about a little bit because when we understand that their education is a choice everything does open up doesn't it? It's not just about school or no school then all of a sudden, it's like if I can question something as fundamental as that, the whole world opens up doesn't it?
ANNA: I thinks so, because I think maybe it's human nature to follow these conventional paths that have been laid out in front of us because well, it seems to be working, it seems to be fine. I think what we found as kind of leaders in our communities, I had so many people coming to me, there was a precipitous event and now it's not working for their child and they were just throwing their hands up, "I don't know what to do but this isn't working."
Then they see that choice piece and then once you see that choice piece there is this whole world, and it's there, it's been there but most aren't aware of it. So, I think that is that first step to say, "Okay, we don't have to do this." More and more, certainly more over the 20 some years we've been doing it, it's changed. I think it's more common-place, you have a lot more resources—the internet and everything has helped all of those pieces be more at the forefront. That's the first step, we've got a choice about what works for our family, what works for our kids.
PAM: Yeah absolutely when we started, I had obviously never heard of homeschooling. Nobody I knew was doing it. I only found it online and it's like, "There are people that do this?!" And we're in Ontario Canada, so I checked the legalities of it etc. and found out how to pull them from school. But this whole world opened up and as you were saying, now I can say homeschooling.
Back then if I mentioned homeschooling, 'Is that legal?' was the first question 95% of the time. But now most people have heard the term.
I was mentioning more and more alternative education options are starting to show up so it is really cool that way but as you said I think the most fundamental piece is now that we have the choice. Instead of trying to help our families fit into the system that we think we have to, now we can put our families first and see what will work better for us. And that may even change over the years, our circumstances change, people change. But that's the wonderful thing, once you realize you have a choice you can't take that back. Once you have that realization even if you choose school how you look at school is different now.
ANNA: Exactly, absolutely.
PAM: Yeah that's very cool. Okay, so now let's dive into terminology because often it's helpful to choose different words to describe what we do depending on the circumstances. It can depend on who we're talking to whether we're inside or outside alternative education circles. For example, in social conversations, with a neighbour even now, at a grocery store when the school question came up, I very rarely used the word unschooling.
So, I was wondering was that your experience too? Did you often talk about unschooling when you were out and about with the world?
ANNA: Yeah, I think definitely, like you, in those casual check out conversations or you know with the neighbour, we just used homeschooling. Because basically, I feel like unschooling is a method of homeschooling in a lot of ways. But you would gauge is this person more interested or if it's a homeschooling person then I would often say unschooling so that they understood in that circle. They would know those differences. We just used homeschooling in general.
PAM: Yeah that was enough, basically saying they're not in school. That was enough for most people we were touching out in the world. But when you were having a conversation talking to people that knew homeschooling exists and you may be talking about homeschooling, then you would say unschooling as the style or the method of homeschooling that we were choosing. In a conversation its meeting people where they are so you can best be understood. You're trying to communicate with someone and understanding where they are helps your communication go more smoothly, I think.
ANNA: And to some extent that's maybe not the only purpose but the most important purpose of the terminology for our day to day life and living, to help communication. I don't think about, 'Oh, we're unschooling today.' I don't think about it at all, but I think it helps in terms of communication and I think it helps in terms of finding a community as well. So, I think it has those purposes. I think this conversation is important to understand those purposes.
PAM: That's such a great point because it's true when I was looking for information online it was amazing, I needed to use that. And also, a great point that I didn't often use the term at home in our family there was no need to label what we were living, we were just doing our thing. It wasn't until they were older that it came up once or twice. Because we didn't need to define it for what we were doing, that wasn't part of how we approached our days. When we were choosing to do something, when we were having conversations it wasn't, 'Oh is this unschooling'. I didn't need to define or label it within our family. We were looking at other things, we were looking at what we were interested in doing. We were looking at what our needs were that day, that week, that month. What our plans were, that was the language of our conversations. Yeah when you're out talking to people or looking for information yourself then it really is about the context and what terms you choose to use.
ANNA: Absolutely.
PAM: Okay, so speaking of terms, lately the term self-directed education has been growing in use. I suspect that's part of the Alliance for Self-Directed Education work. Which is wonderful that they are reaching more people so I just wanted to pull this little bit from their about page "The organizers of the Alliance recognize there are many ways to practice and support self-directed education including several varieties of self-directed education aligned schools, learning centers and homeschooling".
And by homeschooling or home-based self-directed education they basically mean unschooling. I've heard Peter Gray talk about that. I'll find the link and put that in the show notes as well. But I have had some questions asked of me recently. Things like, "Should we not be using the term unschooling, should we call it self-directed education so that the term spreads wider?" And that brings us back to context again.
I think really understanding how all of these terms fit together will really help us understand what we mean when we're using these terms. So basically, I'll put this visual in the show notes for people. But think of it as two overlapping circles. One circle is homeschooling the other circle is self-directed education and where they overlap is unschooling. So, unschooling is a style of homeschooling. (NOTE: SEE THE EPISODE IMAGE AT THE TOP OF THIS PAGE FOR THE VISUAL.)
Unschooling is a style of homeschooling in that it's more family based rather than school based and it's also a style of self-directed education in that the child is free to choose what they want to do and learn rather than having to follow a curriculum.
Unschooling's got the home-based side of homeschooling and it's got the self-directed learning side of self-directed education. So, in my mind that's how I see all these terms kind of fitting together they're not synonyms of each other but they have an overlap. I think that might be why it's really confusing and it can be hard especially for newer people they come and they hear all these terms bandied about trying to figure out exactly what is unschooling. Does that make sense to you Anna?
ANNA: Right. Well yeah so, I loved the visual because I'm a visual person too and it helps with those nuances. So, you can see those really are separate terms, there is some overlap but the overlap doesn't even define it, it has its own aspects but yet here's where it overlaps with these other terms that maybe we're more familiar with or this newer term that is coming into the picture. How does it fit, homeschooling having been around long time we know that but how does it fit there? I love that because I think it's a great first step to understanding the nuances and the distinct differences because there are distinct differences.
PAM: I do love this. There's the challenge of understanding the terms and people like to define the terms but I also love seeing how the language has developed. Because when you talk to older unschoolers they use the term homeschooling, because back when they began, homeschooling was the word for what we were doing. I've had a number of guests on who call what they do and speak of what they do as homeschooling even though when you look at what unschooling is that's what they were doing. And eventually John Holt found that there was enough of a distinction of people doing other styles inside the homeschooling label if you want to call it that, that he said, "Oh well, let's make a new term to describe what we're doing so that it's easier again for people to find information and for people to find each other for people to connect."
ANNA: I think it helps with communication, it helps with conversations and it gives that framework and yeah, I do think it's important for that.
PAM: In the last few years now, another term has come into the picture—radical unschooling to further define within unschooling. And I think it's cool, what this means is there are more people in these areas and there's more and more conversations and more and more people trying to connect. We love to place things and find patterns. And that's awesome. So that term has become more prevalent too over the years.
So, I thought it would be great for us take a moment to talk about some differences between unschooling and Radical unschooling.
ANNA: Yeah, I think that is an important one. I feel like that term has caused questions for years now, but we'll take a stab.
For me, what I feel like, because we've talked about earlier as unschooling as a style or method of homeschooling and I feel like radical unschooling is taking that self-directed aspect and moving it into sleep and food and play and parenting and more. It takes it outside of the education realm and becomes more about the whole life.
So, I think it's interesting, I don't really consider it all that radical to treat children as human beings and to live in harmony and to figure out needs and that kind of stuff. I guess it was and so that's kind of where that came from and people could get more comfortably to the educational philosophy piece and I felt like they were making this radical leap to bring it to the rest of the lives.
And to talk to children about all of these things and have sovereignty over their body and all these different pieces and that's where that term came in and you know that for me personally, that's where I came up with consensual living. For me consensual living was the umbrella and then unschooling was our educational piece and how we lived with each other to meet these and to communicate, ideas like no punishing and not talk down to children became about that. And I mention that not to make it more complicated but, in some ways, to say it is complicated. There are separate layers. So not trying to start a whole new thing but that's the piece of it. So how was radical unschooling for you?
PAM: Well yeah that's a piece and see I, we definitely radical unschooled. And for me I kind of have seen that as a journey. I found unschooling through the education piece and as we adopted that and I saw them learning on their own and how well that worked.
For me it just gradually grew to incorporate more and more. Well, if they can choose this and they're learning so much having the freedom to make those choices, how does it work when you relate it to choices around food. Why are those choices different from other educational choices? So, for me it was more of a journey.
That's why this is not Exploring Radical unschooling. The podcast is Exploring unschooling. If I'm in a bunch of unschoolers and having a conversation I can toss it up to more definitively explain what we do. But it's not something I have taken on in normal conversation when I talk about normal unschooling, I just use the term unschooling.
And for me I see it more as just kind of where people are on their unschooling journey. You saw Consensual Living, I saw unschooling journey.
ANNA: I get that and I wonder too because this is another difference in our journeys and it's also been mirrored on the podcast recently and in the past—basically coming from attachment parenting to unschooling. So, in our culture attachment parenting would be viewed as radical. This idea of connecting to your child and feeding them when their hungry, sleep cycles and all those different pieces. And so, I think for those of us that came from that background maybe that's why I don't see it as radical, it doesn't fit with that terminology. We radical unschooled in the way people talk about radical unschooling but we began with attachment parenting.
PAM: Yeah that's such a great point too because you can start with that life parenting side. You're an attachment parent and sthen you're adding in the education piece. It depends on your journey and where you started and the context of it. I love that it's so individual. It really is about us and our choices our learning and growing.
So, another term that sometimes gets used interchangeably with unschooling is Child Led Learning. I've seen that around for years as well. And you totally get where they're coming from with that term right. Our children are choosing what they're doing and what they're learning etc. But I think that can also lead to a lot of misunderstandings about how unschooling really works. Right?
ANNA: Yes. I'm jumping in I'm sorry I'm talking on top of you because this one really is a problem because I think it causes so many misconceptions. And I think it leads to something that we've called and maybe you hear in other places too, unparenting. And so honestly, whenever I'm talking about unschooling, especially when someone is just getting first exposed to it or are kind of new to the idea, the first thing I throw out there—this is not the lazy path or the easy path. This is not just kids leading the way and nobody's with them. Unschooling is engaged and connected and facilitatory and I think you lose those pieces of it when you just have child led as the term.
PAM: Yeah as you know the overarching description. You lose that whole piece of how the parent is involved. So often we'll see people commenting, 'I thought unschooling was more hands off. I was supposed to just sit back and wait for them to ask—I wanna learn to read now Mom or I want to learn maths now'. You know life is not subjects. So, when you put child led in someone's mind it's understandable that they think, 'Oh, I should be following along behind keeping my hands off not interfering.' It leaves the impression that any conversation we have with them would be interfering with what path that they would choose.
So, I think you lose that entire piece and then that leads to what you were talking about what has been labelled as unparenting, which is when you're not connecting with them. And what you lose for the child, the child also loses in that situation because they don't learn, they have no experience with what is a better way to put it—with the context of situations, of environments of other people.
There's this whole big picture of the world and how they navigate the world and how they understand the world. If you're not there with them it's so hard for them to pick up, it's so much harder for them to figure out that whole piece, figuring out getting along with other people, figuring out how to engage with the world. It is harder on the child too. It's the parent's journey to figure out how to engage with them without imposing our own ideas or our expectations on it. But that is the journey of unschooling and understanding how it works, it's how to be in a relationship.
ANNA: Right that's the journey for the parent to figure out that nuance and those different pieces like you said, I don't think it serves a child to be placed out here with everyone in the background. I feel as humans, we are in community. I feel like where we thrive is in relationships and through connections and feeding and growing with each other. So, it's not a one way thing.
I think that's the other piece that can feed the misconception of child led. We're all just looking at the child letting them do this and I know in our family and yours too, we're learning from each other it's arrows all over the place, not one straight path or just one direction. I'm learning from them, they're learning from me, from their dad, we're learning from their grandparents, we're learning from the community.
And so, it's so much more circular than child led would appear and I would think it ties people's hands when they hang onto that. Like you said they're stepping back and maybe even holding back some impulses to be connected and involved because they think that's the right way to do it and that's where I think the danger comes to play with that term. Because no. Connect with your child, talk to them, be a part with them, learn together and grow together cause that to me is the beauty of unschooling.
PAM: Because it's not only in figuring out the world, you use the term facilitating before, awesome way to describe how we help our kids because if we're not connecting with them, we're not gaining enough information to help facilitate what they're trying to pursue. So, not only is it more challenging with relationships and figuring out the world but the learning they are doing may not be jumping forward and the things they are interested in pursuing and trying to accomplish just may not happen as quickly because they don't have us with them to facilitate that, to help them with things.
It's like the whole picture. You understand where it came from in that yes, we're facilitating our child as we follow their interests, but when that becomes a focus there is just so much that's implied in there that can get in the way of unschooling fully, for unschooling to thrive.
ANNA: Right and I think you're right, maybe it came from people leaving their traditional school environment where you have teacher imparting knowledge or curriculum laying out the path. No, we want to stop that, we want to go this way but again I think the reality of unschooling is not linear, you know.
PAM: Yeah, I know I love that.
I always love to describe unschooling as swirling. Our lives are swirling and we're finding connections and we're moving forward and taking little steps and then maybe pivoting. Curriculum really is a straight path but whatever the path is you follow this, you follow this.
Child led can really leave the impression that it's a straight path, just follow the child instead of the curriculum. Whereas the swirl of unschooling and connection and of seeing where you are in the context, in the moment of what you are trying to accomplish and using that to choose your next step is a much better description of what it's like.
Okay, so another term that I've heard that can be confusing for people. I've often heard Democratic Schools like those based on the Sudbury model referred to as unschooling schools. And again, you can understand where they were coming from with that term because there was a commonality in that they both fit under that self-directed education umbrella like we talked about before but they really aren't synonymous. They are definitely two distinct learning environments. And I do think it is really helpful to understand the differences.
So, I would like to chat a little bit about that. How do you see the differences between unschooling and Democratic schools like the Sudbury model?
ANNA: I see big, big differences but I think that an important piece for me is around the relationships. So, I think one of the benefits and you'll hear it time and time again, you have on your podcast, when you're asking them about what was your favorite part or what surprised them about unschooling—it's the relationships because the relationships that we're allowed to develop with unschooling, there really is no comparison. It's time, it's exposure, it's the day to day with each other, it's the getting to know each other and all of those different pieces. And not only the relationship that you have with your child but the relationship your child has with their siblings, if there are siblings. Those are taking place in our family home and then as we branch out into the community it is so different than what would happen in a school environment even if it's Sudbury.
And I think the other big difference and then I want to hear what you have to say and then we'll keep talking. Is it's this idea that there is a place of learning and I'm not even sure they think of it that way. I think because they're excited about the children leading the way, but you're physically taking children to a place and saying this is where you're going to learn and figure out these pieces. What I love about unschooling, again, we talked about it earlier, we're not talking about methods at home, we're just doing it. You know learning is happening at midnight, it's happening at seven in the morning, it's happening when we're walking in the forest, it's happening when we're in a big city. It's happening all the time.
So, there is not this idea of going somewhere to then acquire knowledge. Those would be the two big pieces for me but tell me what you're thinking?
PAM: Well yes, I want to dive deep into those. That location piece is big and you know what, I think it really has to do with where the parent is on their journey. It depends on how they see learning. While their child goes to Sudbury School during the day, yet you know learning continues in the evenings and all around. They still see the learning happen everywhere, they just happen to do it at the Sudbury School or the Democratic school or the learning centre during these certain hours.
But we're back to choice, we're back to understanding your child and what works for them. Understanding what works for your family, and understanding your available options. But for some kids that isn't a good fit—having to go out to a different place during certain hours. I believe that varies by school and learning center but you know they need some attendance. So, that is a piece that your adding to it and that's a difference. One way or the other that's a difference between unschooling and having to be at a physical location. Right?
ANNA: And possibly expectations, wouldn't you think? I feel like even though there's free flowing ideas/approach, there is somewhat of an expectation that you're coming there and that you're going to spark on something that's interesting or you're going to get a group together to look at something or do and so again that expectation on a timetable.
I think that is maybe where I feel the biggest difference. With unschooling, I feel like we don't have that timetable with expectations. Things bubble up in different ways and very organically. But I do agree with you that I'm thrilled that these options are out there because I think they are so helpful to families to have choices who are in different situations.
I think also sometimes for kids that have been in school for a long time having this little bit of structure that's familiar and yet to have this ability to branch off and take control of that themselves, democratic schools are a really comfortable way to do that. So, I'm thrilled that these options are out there but don't love that they're calling it unschooling. It's not the same.
PAM: The commonality is the self-directed learning piece. It's the learning side and that leads so nicely into the point you were talking about regarding the relationships with unschooling. You know and when I came to it, it was about replacing school, that was my first piece. That's what we were doing, we were leaving and okay you're not going to school anymore. I need to replace that with what? How am I going to do that?
So, we all know my story, that I started in the education piece but yes as I came to see their learning and as I came to understand learning better that relationship piece bubbled up more. I came to realize that if I focused on the relationship and staying connected and just being in solid relationship with them and working through things together, the learning just followed. I eventually didn't need to think about the learning at all. The relationship became the forefront, became what we focused on and like you mentioned that can be a little bit more challenging, it can definitely be more challenging if you're not spending that time with them. If you're not seeing what they're doing, if you're not having those conversations with them.
Now you know at these locations they have adults there, they have peers there etc. but it's not the relationship with the parent, with the siblings and they only have that for the hours when they're at the building. So, it does make it more challenging to develop those and to maintain them because you don't have all these clues. Then it becomes harder to facilitate them ourselves. It is kind of saying, okay most of your learning is happening there even though it's under your control and it's self-directed its outside of the family vs inside.
ANNA: Right
PAM: And I guess the other piece for me that I came to see over the years was how important that feeling of safety in the family was and I'm sure that you can find that in other locations but it's harder because you're not as close. Now you're trying to develop really close relationships in two different places. The safety to be able to do things and fail because failing is a huge part of learning and to be in a safe spot where you don't feel like you're going to be ridiculed or even just feel embarrassed.
ANNA: There is an unconditionality to our family lives, there's an unconditional love and connection piece that we develop with unschooling and it is this beautiful base with which to launch ideas and thoughts and journeys and pieces.
And I think that while a school, and you can certainly develop relationships and there can be beautiful people mentors and things there that are lovely, I think it is very different. What I like about unschooling is that you have this base, this unconditional love, these connections, these relationships and we can still have mentors and community and people outside but we have this home base and so for me it worked better for my family to have the home base be home and unschooling and then we branched out verses going somewhere else and having that be the focus.
PAM: Yeah and then there is that location constraint in that yeah, we could go out anywhere at any time during the day, verses having to try and have maybe some supplies there or arrange trips etc. There was freedom of movement, maybe that's what I'm going for, you know what I mean? That we could just pick up and go wherever we wanted at the time.
ANNA: I think another thing that is helpful with unschooling is. . . trying to figure out how to word this. I feel it flows with life more maybe. Because it doesn't have its schedule and the Sudbury schools that I'm familiar with, its not exactly like that. You have to go there a certain amount of time. You can kind of make that time look like you want to within their framework but there is still a certain amount of time you have to go. But I think with unschooling I'm thinking of times in life when my Dad was dying in hospice and we were as a family coming together to tend to that moment and how rich and special and filled with learning and love and amazement that was. I think that that's something unschooling allows us, to flow with life whether it's something that is challenging like that or something that is oh my gosh an opportunity to spend a month in Italy or to do whatever, you know we have these different opportunities too. I like how it gave us that freedom over the years.
PAM: Yeah, I love that and it takes us back to that diagram right, of those two overlapping circles. It really is what is important to you and your family and your choices and your circumstances. With unschooling there's that homeschooling piece where that home and that family connection/relationships, family-based freedom to do things is important right. Is that your overriding or your overarching goal or choice for choosing this alternative lifestyle? Or is it the learning piece the self-directed piece, is that the most important thing for you. You know cause then maybe a Sudbury style school a democratic style school fits well for your circumstances. If that's the most important piece and it's not a judgement as to which is right for you. For me and other people who have chosen unschooling for a long time over the years, the family-based side has been the most important piece.
ANNA: Right. I'm interested in that a little more too because I think maybe this will help people see how individual it is, so to really look inside. When you were saying that I was thinking, 'Yes, I know why we made the choice we did.' Those that have heard me on the podcast before know that I had a child that was hospitalized at birth for an extended period of time and wasn't expected to survive. Even when we got out, she wasn't expected to survive long after that.
Our choice, my husband and my choice, was that we are going to live every day with this child and with each other and enjoy and love as long as we can. That was everything that mattered to us and really, we just kept doing that. We just kept doing that and making that choice and so the education to me is so secondary, because what I saw with both my kids is that that was taking care of itself. You know they were learning and doing whatever, but it was that connection with each other and with our family and with our extended family and with our community that I wanted to be the priority in our lives because I feel like we can learn things, we are meant to learn, as humans we are meant to learn and I think we're meant to be in relationship but that takes some practice sometimes.
So, I think that giving that opportunity to be in a community and focus on relationships, that has served my kids so much as they've grown into their adulthood, way more than a workbook or a cool project or a whatever would have done.
But again, I think you're right, it's so individual. It's all about that individual's journey. I think those watching/listening can consider different options. Just look inside and talk to each other and figure out as a family what are your priorities and what are you looking for here, because there are so many amazing opportunities out there now. So, again, there is not one right way at all, you'll find your right way, if you look inside.
PAM: I love that yeah. Cause it so made me think about. Because I found homeschooling I brought them home and yes for me I discovered the relationships that we developed became my highest priority. But I did also in my will or telling other people, the self-directed learning part was very important to me. But the relationships were more important, but you know I said if pass away or if Rocco and I pass away, there was a democratic school it was a little bit further from us but that would be my next choice. Because that was my prioritization, because the relationships and the family like you said the learning follows all of that.
But if something happened with that, that was my other choice. And not to say that that needs to be a back-up or anything like that. Like you said we're figuring out what works best. You know what for some people maybe the relationships are really challenging. You know when you're working through things, because there is a lot of personal work to get to that, developing those types of relationships with our children right.
It is a lot of work for us to do to get there and maybe our child really likes a big group to hang out. And loves learning that way and some kids don't. That large numbers of people are overwhelming, having to go to a place on a certain schedule maybe those things are a challenge.
It's all about figuring out our priorities, what works for us as individual. Understanding our strengths weaknesses and the situations that we like, how we like to learn. All of that comes in and bubbles up and that swirl that we talked about, not one path or the other, these things are all part of the swirl of our lives and figuring ourselves out and how we want to put our lives together.
ANNA: And I think something you said very early on was and it can change. You know I think that is really important. So, make the decisions…figuring out how to word this, when you make the decisions, when you're looking at it, make the decisions based on what's best for you right now and knowing that can change.
I think that's sometimes a stumbling block for people. Like okay this seems so great now and everything's going so great now. But I don't know if it's going to work forever so we're not going to do it at all. But you can change your mind later! So, if it's working for you right now do it, and you may find like Pam and I did it keeps growing and working and it's amazing or you may find yourself saying, "You know what? We're at a different stage, they have some different needs that are going to be served by these particular mentors or by this particular peer group." And recognizing that is great. Because again there is no one right answer, no one straight path, so don't stretch that too far out in the future, you know, just look at what works right now.
PAM: Yeah to add on to that, realizing that things can change, they don't feel fixed, that's something right? I chose unschooling, you know, let's say and it's not working well but I will look bad. You know we carry that baggage, like when I talked about when a lot of it is our journey. I made this choice, I have to make this work. But maybe it really isn't, maybe right now the best fit for your family with your circumstances with whatever is going on is something else.
To lose that piece or work through that piece we feel the right or wrong judgement that I made this choice so I have to make it work not matter what. That's why I talk about when families who are choosing school realizing that your choosing school, 'Wow, the weight that can come off just knowing this is the choice right now, I don't have to buy into it all. I don't have to bring it home. This is just what works well for our family right now and we'll see you know in six months we'll see.'
ANNA: I was going to say the same thing and that just knowing your options just understanding what's happening at the different places like the democratic schools, homeschooling families, unschooling families all that, just knowing that gives you so much more power and information to then create what you need. Be it in the structure of the school bit and the structure of the democratic school bit and the structure in your own home.
That's why I just feel this knowledge and these nuances of all these things are so important because it gives you all these tools and information to create the perfect situation for you and to adjust as you need to. So, it's such a critical point, I think.
PAM: Yeah because you know understanding it all is not about choosing the label. It's not about saying, "Oh, I'm unschooling or homeschooling. I'm doing this alternative education." But it's about this understanding of our choices. It's about getting more understanding of the differences, the nuances, you're better understanding your options. It's asking you to better learn how people learn. It's asking you to better understand your child. It's asking you to better understand your priorities. There is no downside to better understanding all the nuances between all of it.
ANNA: Whatever choice you make. No downside and so it's just an important discussion to have in your families and have with your friends and to talk it through. As you're talking through those pieces, I think what you'll see is that your priorities will start bubbling up. And also, some baggage may bubble up, so there may be some things you need to kind of sort out. Okay is this about me? Is this about them? I think I've talked about this before, when you get into teenage years, suddenly I think because it's a time I think we remember more strongly as adults, that suddenly we're right back in it, we're feeling some of the pressure we may have felt. And so, I think all these discussions do bubble up some things from our past.
But that's a great time to look at it and sort it out, set it aside and then refocus back on the family you have now, the one that's in front of you and what would serve you all the best. There's just so much great learning and growth through this process. One of the other side benefits of unschooling is just how we learn more about ourselves and how we can realize we're the creators of our own stories.
PAM: I love that, that was just a beautiful place to take it. Our self-awareness grows insanely because it needs to. To not only understand ourselves but to understand the world better, understand our families better. And like you said we are the creators of our family's lives. Understanding that we have that power and those choices it's everything isn't it? You are the creator of your life.
Okay, alright, I hope we hit things for you guys. You're welcome to comment on the episode if you have questions but I think this was a great start to bring some context. Because I love that there are more and more opportunities, more and more choices. But yes, that's more and more for us to figure out. It gives us more information about the possibilities. More possibilities that can bubble up.
ANNA: And they don't have to be competing. It doesn't have to be an either/or thing, it doesn't have to be a one is better than the other. I think if we can just go back to the individuals and a family and just find what works best and know that it may change at any given time. That just feels better to me than pitting the different methods against each other. It's just not necessary, it's not necessary at all.
PAM: No, it's not necessary at all. And then there's the whole piece where it's so easy, especially as you're learning new things, to feel defensive when people are explaining things. It can feel like an attack. When people say no unschooling with x y and z and when an experienced unschooling parent is talking, they're talking about the roots the fundamentals of it. That's another piece I guess we can hit on, the language right. Because the language means different things depending on where you are on your journey. Because when you tell somebody new that our kids don't have bed times the picture that that creates in their mind its entirely different picture than the person who said that.
ANNA: Yes.
PAM: But it's true.
ANNA: When I would say, when my kids, who are now 19 and 21, have never been punished, people are like, "What?! How did you do that?" You know when you are in that life, it just flows when you are talking to each other and communicating and solving problems together, but yeah, so the language and some of those little snippets are kind of hard for people to take out of context and they may need more information. But that's the beauty of the journey too.
PAM: Yeah. So, I mean if you feel defensive it's not that they're trying, I certainly don't believe when I am talking, I certainly don't mean for anyone to feel like they're being attacked, to feel like your definitions wrong, we're all learning. We're all sharing our experiences, sharing our insights, learning more about it. I continued to learn, that's part of what I love about doing the podcast, you know hearing about other people's experiences. I love sharing that kind of stuff.
But its great and helpful to understand that when we're new to these ideas it can feel maybe a bit of an attack. As if, 'You're not doing unschooling right'. No, they're really trying to communicate so that you can better understand. If you take it with that view it's not a competition between any choices, it's helping you better understand those choices, so that you can play around with them with your family. Swirl them in, try them out see what works for you. See what connects with you, right? For me it's, what makes the most sense.
What is the next little step and it doesn't have to be, "Oh, I've chosen unschooling, I need to run there as fast as I can." It's not rules of unschooling or anything like that. It's okay, this next baby step to understanding, oh gee they're asking about different food things. Or they're asking about maths. You know it's not subjects, that's a whole other paradigm shift as you're learning about unschooling learning how people learn and dividing the world in subjects, it's a beautiful journey.
ANNA: You've seen it play out with so many people where they do those baby steps and then they are really like, "Oh my gosh, this really changes things. It's really changing the energy of my house, this is really changing the energy of those different pieces and some of these things that they were worried about or things that weren't taking care of themselves. Suddenly, its falling into place now because we're working together. I think just being aware, having those conversations with yourself and your family and thinking about it, will lead you to a beautiful place really again no matter where you end up or what you end up trying and doing because it's that awareness and that understanding that just brings so much beauty to the journey.
PAM: Yep, we are the creators. Oh, my goodness, thank you so much Anna that was a lot of fun.
ANNA: So fun, thanks. And we'll probably have more questions, so I am happy for people to ask questions or you know start a new conversation and we can talk about it some more.
PAM: Yeah, it's really interesting. So, I hope this was helpful, a good start, a little more context to some of the terminology that comes up in conversations and more fodder right. Thanks, have a wonderful day Anna.
ANNA: Bye
PAM: Bye
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Book Signing: Ralph Berrier Jr.
As part of the programming related to our special exhibit Hometown Stars: Southwest Virginia's Recording Legacy, 1923–1943, join us in the museum's Performance Theater onSaturday, May 20 at 1pmfor a book-signing event with journalist Ralph Berrier Jr..Berrier is the author ofIf Trouble Don't Kill Me, a biography of musicians Clayton and Saford Hall. Born only minutes apart in The Hollow in Patrick County, Virginia, the Hall twins rose from mountain-bred poverty to playing and singing on the radio airwaves and at performances throughout the region, including opening shows for The Carter Family, Roy Rogers, and the Sons of the Pioneers, and as band members of Roy Hall and His Blue Ridge Entertainers. In his book, Berrier, grandson to Clayton, tells the twins' story from their hardscrabble childhood and youth to their musical triumphs to the arena of World War II.
Participants at the event will get a wonderful introduction to Clayton and Saford's story. Berrier will read a few passages from his book, perhaps even playing a couple of Hall Twins' tunes! After a brief Q&A, audience members will get the chance to buy a copy ofIf Trouble Don't Kill Meand get it signed by the author.This event is free and open to the public.
For more information about this event, call 423-573-1927 or email info@birthplaceofcountrymusic.org.


Neal Brothers have seasoned their old-fashioned, crispy kettle chips with pure pink Himalayan salt from the ancient seabeds of Asia's majestic mountains. As a mineral-rich salt, it delivers the kind of satisfying saltiness you get from the best snacks—but with less sodium.
Ingredients: potatoes, vegetable oil (contains one or more of the following: sunflower, corn, or canola oil), himalayan pink salt.


Faced with global resource depletion, manufacturers are increasingly turning to recycled inputs. A prime example is Procyclen, the award-winning upcycled plastics recompound from INTERSEROH Dienstleistungs GmbH, a subsidiary of German recycling specialist ALBA Group, one of the leading environmental services and raw material providers worldwide. Matching virgin material in properties and quality, Procyclen is a fully customisable, safe, sustainable and cost-effective raw material suitable for quality plastics products.
Global plastics production hit a new peak in 2013 at 288 million tonnes. Plastics are in almost everything we use. Yet even at the end of their service life, plastics are still far too valuable to just throw away. Some can be recycled into the same or a different product. About a third of the world's countries already recycle or recover more than 80 percent of all plastics, though many lag far behind and some fall short even of their own legislative targets.
While plastics are often touted as recyclable, in reality most are 'down'-cycled and end up in low-end applications. Many recycled plastics are inferior plastics products because of the polymer matrix breaking down and losing stability. Such materials perform poorly in reprocessing and the end product ages faster when exposed to heat and weathering.
Interseroh takes a new approach, creating a virgin-quality, secondary raw material with designed-in characteristics that is capable of being formulated to customers' individual specifications. This is done by putting rigorously sorted plastic waste through a special recompounding process called 'recycled-resource'. This innovative, uncompromising upcycling process is essential to the production of Procyclen. It follows up high-tech sorting with a unique recompounding sequence featuring extrusion, restabilisation, molecular structure rebuilding and general chemical modification. A key final step is to achieve material performance that exactly conform to the customer's strict specifications. Additives and modifiers are combined to obtain specific complementary effects and interactions for a top-quality end product with enhanced structure and properties. In stark contrast to low-quality reclaimed plastics, Procyclen is a full match to virgin material in both properties and quality.
Procyclen consists of one hundred percent used plastics. Several prize juries have recognised the innovativeness of the 'recycled-resource' process, and Procyclen itself won the IndustriePreis 2013 Push For Smart Industry award.
More and more producers are going over to Procyclen for new products. Henkel, global provider of leading brands and technologies in the three business areas Laundry & Home Care, Beauty Care and Adhesive Technologies, joined forces with Interseroh to develop a renewed correction and glue roller packaging under the Pritt brand. The back of each Pritt case consists of customised Procyclen produced from polystyrene – used material partly from Henkel's internal waste streams. In this way, Henkel and Interseroh have fashioned a closed loop for plastics while saving primary resources and setting an example of efficient product stewardship.
One of the first manufacturers to adopt Procyclen as a one-on-one substitute for primary plastics was Curver, the leading European manufacturer of resin household products. Interseroh worked together with Curver's plastics design specialists to create a new product line called 'Ecolife', featuring many products like boxes, baskets and bins all made of pure Procyclen. The European Association of Plastics Recycling and Recovery Organisations (EPRO) named Ecolife the "best recycled end-consumer product" in 2012.
As best practice examples like Pritt and Ecolife show, producers are willing and able to manufacture responsibly – and to use high-quality recycling materials that meet their strict specifications as a sustainable resource.
Plastic products account for just four percent of fossil fuel consumption. Paradoxically, using more plastics would actually cut overall fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions – and contrary to popular belief, using less would boost overall fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In a recent study, the German Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology, UMSICHT, compared the production of plastics granulate from virgin material with the production of Procyclen in terms of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas balance. The results are striking: Substituting Procyclen for primary granulate weight for weight cuts greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent. Interseroh's innovations for high-quality recycled materials show that a closed loop for plastics is indeed possible – and that far from being a low-grade surrogate, recycled plastics can be a new resource with increased market value. By constantly doing more with less, using plastics also tends to lower the consumption of raw materials. Not only does this boost resource efficiency, it also provides consumers with increasingly cost-efficient answers to their needs.


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What Is Cottagecore and Why Do Young Queer People Love It?
By Ro White
On TikTok, a white teenage girl in a pristine white dress with spectacularly long, red hair mugs for the camera in front of a forest backdrop. A voiceover plays: "Anyone else wanna just, like, move off the grid into a cottage in a nearby forest where you can bathe in a stream and make your own quilts and grow your own herbs and spices and dance with the fairies, because…same." Hashtag fairies. Hashtag dream life. Hashtag lesbian. Hashtag cottagecore.
Coined on Tumblr in 2018, the term "cottagecore" describes an Internet aesthetic inspired by a romanticized interpretation of agricultural life (the suffix "-core," derived from the 80s hardcore music scene, is now used to denote a genre). The cottagecore aesthetic is marked by flowy skirts, ceramic toad figurines and bucolic scenery. It's knitting, baking and rolling in meadows. It's Beatrix Potter and Taylor Swift's Folklore. It's a denial of hustle culture and a fetishization of coziness that became a hashtag, a lifestyle and, most notably, an escape.
Cottagecore has proliferated multiple subgenres, including goblincore (a more androgynous aesthetic — think linen overalls and lots of mushroom imagery), grandmacore (a exaltation of skills of yesteryear like baking bread and embroidery) and fairycore (cottagecore with a sprinkle of pastels and butterflies). These celebrations of "simple living" paradoxically exist on apps, where cottagecore devotees document their picnics on perfect, grassy hillsides beneath a perfect, setting sun. During a pandemic that has confined many of us to our homes, TikTok, Tumblr and Instagram have seen an uptick in this idyllic content. Its creators are young, mostly white and overwhelmingly queer.
Unlike "tradwives," a right wing movement that advocates for regressive gender roles, cottagecore presents domesticity outside of the binary. People of any gender are invited to participate in the cottagecore's decidedly soft aesthetic, but women (and "women's work") are at the forefront. As Isabel Slone wrote in the New York Times, cottagecore "offers a vision of the world where men are not consciously excluded; they are simply an afterthought." Perhaps this is why young queer women have embraced cottagecore with fervor — on TikTok, #cottagecorelesbians has nearly 33 million views.
Hazel, an 18-year-old queer woman living in rural Wales, is one of these content creators. "For a small portion of time, I can forget about what's troubling me and be swept into a beautiful world of flowers and baking," she said. "[Cottagecore] is the idea of this perfect, fantasy lifestyle where you're away from the pressures of modern life."
The queer drive towards escapism is a longstanding cultural marker. The ultimate cottagecore dream — to run away to a bucolic wonderland with your lesbian wife — hearkens back to the withering lesbian separatist movement of the 70s, which called on feminists to either claim lesbiansm or celibacy and move to "womyn's" land. While cottagecore is more focused on the individual (running away to the woods with your girlfriend) than the collective (establishing a commune), the movement shares the lesbian separatist reverence of "community." In this case, however, "community" is only built online through follows, likes and shares. While the cottagecore community lacks the IRL connections of the lesbian separatist movement, skill sharing as a radical practice has been embraced by both of these worlds. On TikTok, cottagecore creators teach each other how to start a vegetable garden, how to sew your own apron and how to make tea with fresh ginger. They're also sharing their social politics.
While some lesbian separatist communes still exist, most dissolved due to harmful trans-exclusionary policies, the increasing acceptance of queer women in mainstream culture and the centering of white women's issues and leadership. Cottagecore escapists tend to express trans-affirming ideology (some are trans or non-binary themselves). Many creators include anti-racist messaging in their online content, but like many queer separatist communities of the past, the cottagecore community is overwhelmingly white. Cottagecore content creators of color are claiming space for their joy in this predominantly white world, and they're initiating critical conversations about what some elements of cottagecore represent.
Daphne is a 17-year-old, mixed-race lesbian in Oklahoma who finds comfort in cottagecore imagery. "It makes me feel very serene," she said. "It lets me escape the troubles of the world, even if it's just the few minutes a day that it takes me to post, to look at some frogs just chilling on a lily pad or someone harvesting some veggies."
Daphne's Instagram account, @sapphic.daph, is a collection of images featuring Black revelers — mostly women — smelling flowers, picnicking in parks, drying herbs and luxuriating in nature. "Some representation can show that we, too, can live happily, and I'm glad I can provide that content for my fellow Black people," Daphne said.
Iridesscence is a 26-year-old Black Chicagoan who "very loosely" identifies as queer. She discovered the cottagecore hashtag this year and found that it applied to the pastoral fashion content she was already creating online.
"I'd like to see more non-BIPOC Americans within the aesthetic who fantasize about escaping to rural lands to reckon more with what that means for them to do," she said. "It's always important to remember who owned and who built up the land and be respectful of that."
Iridessence isn't alone in noting that white cottagecore fans can't "reclaim" stolen land. Critiques of cottagecore are increasingly widespread on platforms like Tumblr, where writers point out that cottagecore romanticizes a period in which white colonizers stole land from indigenous people for their homesteads. While the cottagecore community attempts to reckon with the colonial past, the role of existing indigenous people in the cottagecore movement seems limited. Indigenous Tumblr users are encouraging white cottagecore creators to find more respectful ways to "connect to the land." Indigenous TikTokers are using the cottagecore hashtag to presumably draw more white users to non-cottagecore content that addresses indigenous issues. Indigenous people who make their own cottagecore content are few and far between. Is cottagecore truly for everyone when some of us get dream of "running away to the land" while others struggle to take that land back?
Cottagecore's "return to nature" ethos also echos the isolationist narratives of white cis men from Henry David Thoreau to Christopher McCandless, whose socioeconomic privilege allowed them to leave the perils of the "real world" behind. As one cottagecore critic wrote on Tumblr, "['Cabin narratives'] have the tendency to deny what may be the most politically important implications of a sort of agricultural, 'natural' rebellion against capitalism: solidarity and community; the sharing of skills, resources, and knowledge; liberation beyond the isolated, privileged individual – ultimately, I would argue, social justice."
Aside from the occasional enthusiast moving to a cabin in the woods, in the cottagecore community, escapist fantasies tend to remain just that. The young queer people of cottagecore seem eager to engage in critical discourse while they fill their moss terrariums with crystals and bake bread. Colonialism, climate justice and gender justice are openly discussed in cottagecore online communities alongside gardening tips and photos of thrifted aprons. The conversation is occasionally clumsy, but it's happening. While young people work to redefine their values, the cottagecore aesthetic helps some creators make space for delight in a callous world.
"I feel delicate and feminine and beautiful," Iridessence said. "And like I'm giving others like me permission to feel the same."
Related:culture tbddyke dictionary
Ro White
Ro White is a Chicago-based writer and sex educator. Follow Ro on Twitter.
Ro has written 74 articles for us.
Foolish Child #81: Labels
Pop Culture Fix: Gillian Anderson as Margaret Thatcher Is Even More Upsetting Than We Imagined!
i feel like i am absolutely no longer in the "young queer" demographic, but i WAS just looking at a nap dress
I'm 46, which is only young in, like, geologic time, but I did just take up knitting.
Cottagecore is townie stuff.
I love this thing! Even though I know from when I was a kid that having a vegetable garden is a lot of work. I'd love to have a permaculture garden. I knit, crochet, spin wool, sew (also by hand and historically inspired), just started dyeing with plant based materials and do a bunch of other crafts. I love to bake and cook. I go to the market (in non-plague times) or for walks to forage for food with my willow basket. I'm a (naturalistic) pagan. I pick up trash in the woods. I made elderflower and elderberry syrup this year.
So what I'm saying is I'm halfway there, except that I still live in the city and only have a balcony. Am I still a young queer at 32?
Thankfully I live somewhere that has not been colonized in the past. Unfortunately the land is horribly expensive and I have very limited benefits so this dream to get out is far from possible right now. And that does make me sad when I think about it.
QueerTok made me believe in humanity again. And this article taught me that Coziness is absolutely one of my fetishes.
Does Cottagecore have to be in a forest/green area? Could it be in the desert?
msanon
i have bathed in a remote california stream during july. for anybody interested in trying it, i can tell you – without hyperbole – it was a shockingly cold endeavor.
I just read a thing written to a teacher about how hard it is to motivate teenagers to work towards distant goals with the world in it's current state. I can't help but think this is a direct outgrowth of that and I don't think its a bad thing. I'm probably too old for this game, but if there's a subcategory for more of a cottage core witch vibe (like Lena Headey in the 2005 film The Brothers Grimm) I'm here for that.
10128Brandywine
So, I'm a 44 year old cis lesbian married to a 51 year old cis lesbian. Recently, we came back from a trip to the back woods of Kentucky, where we visited and isolated antiques store (while masked)- and we brought back green ceramic salt and pepper shakers. My 18 year old trans son remarked when I showed them off with delight that my wife and I were "so cottage core." It sent me down a rabbit trail indeed. I am a school teacher who cooks most things from scratch and sews and quilts quite often. I'm happy in the woods, and playing with my compost pile, creating soil. So what I'm trying to say is that apparently I'm an absolute trend setter!
thank you for articulating so clearly everything that makes me feel weird about cottagecore, and pointing me towards people who are engaging with it in in more interesting and critical ways!
queer girl
We have not yet talked about Anne Lister's Snow White sex cottage in the woods, perhaps the gayest cottagecore of all
Wrenne
I enjoy cottagecore because I live in an apartment in a dense urban area and can't drive. I don't have a yard or even a balcony, a lot of nature is not easily accessible without a car, and before quarantine I worked in a windowless office. I feel nature-starved. I think a lot of cottagecore is basically just biophilia and a desire to retreat from an overwhelming and traumatic modern world. There's a reason people online say "Go outside" to mean "You are too online."
Wow its so weird to see how old sapphics talk about us gen z sapphics (im 18 lol) Y'all are really just uncovering the surface of whats going on in our queer part if the internet lmao.
Cottagecore is a great opportunity for young white people to seize back the "honouring our heritage" narrative from white neo-nazis who weaponize "heritage" and "history" against nonwhite people. Whites have the immense privilege of knowing where their ancestors came from and having a sense of being rooted in history – what a great chance to do some research on your background and the beautiful and interesting traditional cultures there that you can bring back around into your modern life.
I know that cottagecore isn't a perfect community but I think a part of it for me is about imagining how life could've been in the past if it had been safe to be openly queer. I agree that it's an escape from city life but there needs to be a conversation around how indigenous people fit into/ around the online community and idea

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Please check back soon!
Known for her "lovely playing" (New York Times) and "expansive lyricism" (New York Concert Review), violinist Nanae Iwata has quickly established herself in versatile roles as a soloist, period performer, chamber musician, orchestral musician, and educator. She is a frequent performer all over the world making appearances in the United States, Japan, Germany, Austria, New Zealand, and Cuba. As a winner of the Artist International Competition Ms. Iwata was awarded a debut recital at Carnegie Hall in 2008 which was lauded by critic, Anthony Aibel as "riveting" and "exquisitely done."
By personal invitation of Seiji Ozawa, Ms. Iwata became a member of the internationally renowned, Saito Kinen Orchestra. She is also a member of The Knights (Opus 3 artist) whose recent highlights with the group include a special appearance on Channel Thirteen/PBS hosted by Paula Zahn and recordings on the Sony and Ancalagon record labels. She also performs regularly with the ensemble New York Baroque Incorporated and Concert Royal.
As a Baroque violinist Ms. Iwata has performed with renowned artists such as William Christie, Monica Huggett, Jordi Savall, and Ton Koopman. Her playing in the Telemann Concerto Grosso in B-flat Major earned praise by critic Harry Rolnick, "The most delicious violin solos by concertmaster, Nanae Iwata set the joyous sound for the whole piece." As a result of winning the Juilliard Concerto Competition in 2011 she gave her New York City concerto debut at Alice Tully Hall performing Bach's A minor Violin Concerto. Her edition of Corelli's "La Follia" Variations was recently published by International Music Company commemorating the tercentennial of the composer's death.
Ms. Iwata is the President and Artistic Director of the New Amsterdam Conservatory. She has held positions at the Sherwood Conservatory (Chicago), Lucy Moses School (NYC), and the Mozart Music Academy (Nagoya, Japan). In addition to maintaining an active private teaching studio she worked extensively with Philip Seymour Hoffman in preparation for his role in the movie, A Late Quartet.
Ms. Iwata earned both her BM and MM degrees in violin performance from The Juilliard School where she was a full-scholarship student studying with Masao Kawasaki and Ronald Copes. In addition, she received a second MM as a member of Juilliard's Historical Performance program under the tutelage of Monica Huggett and Cynthia Roberts.
Copyright 2023 Nanae Iwata || Photos by Lisa-marie Mazzucco || Website design by Amy I productions


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History, Politics & Society
Jamestown Virginia Colony
Jamestown was the first successful, permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was founded as a fort in 1607 and settled in 1610. Jamestown is still in existence, and celebrated its 400th year in 2007.
When did the colonial period in America begin?
In 1608, when Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement was established.
When was Jamestown founded?
Jamestown, Virginia, was founded in 1607.
Tobacco and Tobacco Products
Which is true of Jamestown?
It was not a success as a trading colony.
The house of burgesses was the best rype of government for the Jamestown colony why or why not?
Rype is the world's leading membership where members can book private language lessons online with handpicked professional teachers via a flat monthly subscription.
cutt.ly/alfiBIb
What is the ferry schedule for the Jamestown ferry?
every half hr.5am.too8pm.then every hr.
Where was Jamestown founded?
Jamestown was founded in Virginia
When did John Smith arrive at Jamestown?
Deeds and Ownership
What was an effect of the headright system on Jamestown?
The grants encouraged people to cross the ocean and relocate to the New World. In Jamestown in particular headright grants helped to address a labor shortage and increase the number of new colonists.
A headright is a legal grant of land to settlers. Headrights were given to the head of the household with an additional allotment for each member of their household that emigrated with them. Landowners could then receive another 50 acre allotment for every passage they paid for additional laborors to move to the colony.
Where was jamestown colony located?
On the Virginia coast. It was settled on 14 May 1607 at Jamestown Island
off of current day Virginia.
Jamestown, Virginia, is located on the Peninsula (a prominent historical area in Virginia). To find the city on a map of the United States, find the southeast corner of Virginia (near the North Carolina border on the Atlantic Ocean) and go slightly north. It's just north of Norfolk and very near Hampton and Williamsburg.
Why was Jamestown founded?
There was the thing about finding gold, yeah, but also 'cause they believed they had a right to self governemt and religious freedom. Also to get out of the taxes England was giving their people.
Jamestown, founded on May 14, 1607, was the first permanent English colony established in America. It was located on a peninsula of the James River in the present-day state of Virginia. It was named for King James I of England and here the first American representative government was established. One year before Jamestown was founded the King of England granted a charter to the Virginia Company of London. This charter gave the company the right to settle, explore and govern limited parts of the New World. And so it began when, on December 20, 1606, a group of some 100 men, including Captain John Smith and commanded by Captain Christopher Newport, sailed away from a port near London, beginning an adventure to the New World.
The New World and James River in VirginiaJust five months later, in May, this expedition reached a marshy peninsula about 30 miles up the James River. There they anchored their three small ships-the Godspeed, the Discovery,and the Susan Constant. On the following day, May 14, 1606, these adventurous and brave men first stepped foot upon the soil of America.
Brave and enterprising as this group surely was they rather missed the boat on one point. They had been instructed, back in London, to select the site of their settlement with care. They were told to be certain that the location was healthy. I suppose this meant not to locate their town too near swampy land where all sorts of illnesses abound. However, this was exactly what they did do. They selected what was an island at high tide in the James River. Although the island did possess some hills, the low surrounding areas of the island, at low tide, were damp and swampy. Eight months later when a supply ship arrived, which also brought more colonists, only 38 of the original 105 settlers remained above ground.
What was the first English settlement in north America?
The 1st English settlement in North America was the ill-fated colony on Roanoke Island, Virginia in 1585.
Jamestown, Virginia was the first successfulsettlement on 13th of May, 1607.
Where is Jamestown?
Jamestown is in the state of Virginia along the coastline in the Chesapeake Bay.
Captain John Smith
What effect did john smith have on Jamestown?
He forced his will on the colonists and successfully organized efforts to plant crops and construct proper dwellings.
Rain and Flooding
Did a flood destroy Jamestown in 1698?
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What is the geography of Jamestown?
Are you asking about the original Jamestown ?
a Fort built in 1607 on a Peninsula on the James River about 8 miles south ofthe city of Willamsburg VA.
It was about the size of one of todays surburban shopping malls.
In which colony is Jamestown in?
Jamestown is a colony.
What are facts about Jamestown?
Jamestown, founded in 1607, started off slow. The one hundred and twenty men who came to this first permanent English settlement soon dwindled to forty, due to diseases, starvation-due to not being willing to work for their food, quarreling, and accidents. In the first seventeen years, out of the five thousand, five hundred people who had lived in the town, four thousand had died. The leaders of the town, especially John Smith, worked hard to keep the town going, but it was difficult. Although John Smith was the man who insisted that "if anyone would not work, neither would he eat," it was John Rolfe, Pocahontas' husband, that introduced the salvation of the colony, tobacco farming.
When Was Jamestown formed?
In 1607, colonists aboard the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery arrived in Virginia and founded Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
Germany in WW2
What are some famous people from Jamestown?
Some famous people are John Rolfe, John Smith, and Pocahontas.
War and Military History
Who was the leader of Jamestown?
John Rolfe was the leader of the colony, and the husband of Pocahontas. Commonly (largely because of his memoirs and Disney) John Smith is confused with this, although it is unlikely that Smith ever knew Pocahontas. He was however a military Captain in the colony.
Why was Jamestown name Jamestown?
What are some reasons for the Jamestown's colony near failure?
The primary reason for the near failure of the Jamestown colony was its inability to grow crops and deal with diseases.
The British crown stepped in to assist the colony.
What was the purpose of Jamestown?
The men of Jamestown were sent by investors to make them a profit and not claim land or settle. It was by accident that it was a success. The 104 men who arrived died of diseases and starvation. Within 6 months only 34 men were alive. If it hadn't been for the introduction of tobacco by Rolfe the colony may have not succeeded at all. Tobacco saved Jamestown.
What is the story of Jamestown?
In 1607, men started a colony in Jamestown. With their minds only on gold, they searched and searched, but eventually there supplies ran out and about a third of the population was left. John Smith managed to bring them together with his "no work, no food" policy. He was elected leader, but a gunpowder explosion sent him to England for medical care.
Why was Jamestown satared?
The main reason was economically, especially for gold.
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How was Jamestown environment?
How did Jamestown become a successful colony?
Who Jamestown was settled by?
How far is Jamestown from Atlantic Ocean?
Why were the settlers in Jamestown?
What problems did the coloniests face in Jamestown?
Was there a battle of Jamestown?
What kind of cash crop did the Jamestown Colony have?


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Home Blogs Barn Lounge Heathman Farm & Cormac Hanley on the Rise
Heathman Farm & Cormac Hanley on the Rise
VDL Cartello and Cormac at Upperville; Photo © Erin Gilmore
BY EDITOR SISSY WICKES
The Grand Prix: the ultimate in equestrian showjumping competition. We watch in person, we livestream, we read results online and on paper. We root for our favorite riders and horses in America and throughout the world. Nations Cups, Global Champions Tours, $1million purses, World Equestrian Games, Olympic and Pan American Games- our news feeds light up with results. Most fans of equestrian sport experience Grand Prix showjumping vicariously as the cost of a top horse has become prohibitive. Enter Heathman Farm and the opportunity to own a share in top horses ridden by one of the world's most promising young Grand Prix riders.
Cormac Hanley has a pedigree comparable to a Saratoga sales topper. His mother, Sinead Slattery Hanley, and his father, Charles, are European Championships medalists. Cormac's brothers, uncles, and cousins are successful competitors and horse businessmen and women on an international scale. For hundreds of years, the Slattery, Dixon, and Hanley families have been dedicated to producing good horses.
Copain Z with Cormac at Lake Placid; Photo © The Book, LLC
Cormac is the youngest person ever to show at the storied Dublin Horse Show with his first jumping class completed at six years old. (the show since changed the minimum age to 8). A riding prodigy, he expanded his exposure from Ireland to Europe and the United States under the tutelage of Niall Talbot, Kevin Babington, Missy Clark and John Brennan, and most recently, George Morris. Currently in the employ of Chris and Thea Stinnett's Heathman Farm, Cormac continues his climb to the top of the sport. In 2018, he rode to success in some of the most prominent shows in the U.S. and Canada, including the Winter Equestrian Festival, Old Salem Farm, Lake Placid, Devon, Upperville, and Bromont. At 21 years old, Cormac Hanley is a bright, young star on the Grand Prix horizon.
Chris and Thea Stinnett, owners of Heathman Farm, have had long and successful careers in showjumping as riders and trainers. Originally from the west coast, they moved east a few years ago to a stunning 30 acre farm in New Hope, PA. Heathman Farm is a facility equipped to handle the burgeoning roster of Grand Prix horses and a prolific breeding program. Their business plan is to compete at the top of the Grand Prix game while bringing along talented young horses produced through the Heathman Farm breeding program. Thea explains, "We want to show that we can breed horses in America and breed right. I have 1.50 meter mares and breed them through Blue Chip Farm and Tom Grossman to exceptional stallions. We have three foals of 2018 and a great group of three, four, and five year olds. Our goal is to improve the quality of domestically bred horses."
Thea & Chris Stinnett with Cormac Hanley & Stella Stinnett (on Eastwood) at the Old Salem Horse Show Children's Jumper Classic; Photo © The Book, LLC.
In addition to the group of youngsters, Heathman has five FEI Grand Prix horses in house. Smart breeding, good fundamentals, productive training, and exceptional riding are the hallmarks of horsemanship at Heathman Farm. "We had a plan and needed a rider," Thea explained. "Chris and I were in Vermont showing and Chris happened to see Cormac ride a horse of Missy [Clark] and John's [Brennan]. He said to me 'I found our rider.'" With the blessing of his former employers, Cormac went to work for Heathman. Hanley had several suitors at the time for his riding services, but he chose the Stinnetts and Heathman as his next career move. "Heathman is a fantastic situation because I can concentrate more on myself and my riding. It is a smaller operation and everyone is aimed the same direction," he explains. "The Stinnetts – Chris, Thea, and their daughter, Stella – are all on the same page and focused on a common goal."
Kevin Babington worked with Cormac in 2015 when he spent time in the U.S. as part of an Irish bursary award. He extolls the potential of the young Irish rider. "Even when he first came over," Babington remembers, "you could see his natural talent. I knew he had a great career ahead of him." With beautiful balance and quiet hands, innate Irish instinct to ride forward, and unrelenting drive, Hanley is a rider to reckon with on the showjumping start list. At 21, his focus and commitment are singular: be the best he can be. Team Heathman- grooms, vets, trainers, and owners- is the support system young riders dream of. Hanley feels the responsibility of making the most of the opportunity. "I am so lucky to be here," Hanley states plainly. "Sometimes I have to pinch myself that I have great 4* and 5* Grand Prix horses and a group of very exciting young horses to bring along."
VDL Cortello with Cormac at WEF Global Arena. Photo © Sportfot
With Hanley in the irons and great horses underneath him, the stage is set for showjumping thrills. Be part of the fun of owning a share in a Grand Prix horse or a promising young horse beginning its career. Contact Thea or Chris Stinnett at Heathman Farm.
About the Author: Sissy is a Princeton University graduate, a lifelong rider and trainer, a USEF R rated judge, a freelance journalist, an autism advocate and Editor of The Plaid Horse. Her illustrious resume includes extensive show hunter and jumper experience. She lives with her family in Unionville, PA and Wellington, FL.
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ThreatSTOP today announced availability of ThreatSTOP DNS Firewall for Windows Server 2016, Microsoft's most cloud-ready Server operating system ever. Using ThreatSTOP DNS Firewall, Windows Server 2016 customers can now automatically block outbound communications with threat actors' command and control, dead-letter-drop, and dropper/infection infrastructure, preventing data theft and system compromise.
ThreatSTOP CEO and Founder Tom Byrnes recently spoke with SC Magazine about the inherent security risks of IoT devices in the healthcare industry.
Recently, we have seen vast DGA infrastructures constantly popping up for the Neutrino EK. The randomly generated string is usually a subdomain to a set of domains following a certain pattern, and are registered by the same registrant.
Security teams appreciate the value of threat intelligence, but often find it difficult to use the data while it is still fresh across all network devices with limited team resources.
The theme for AIRI 2016 is "disruption". In our lifetimes nothing has been more disruptive, or world-changing, than the invention of the Internet. Initially the Internet allowed computers to communicate, but today virtually every digital device, phones, control systems, even our watches, communicate via the Internet. Dr. Mockapetris, Internet pioneer, will speak at AIRI 2016 about how his inventions have changed the world to be a better place, and why Internet Security poses such a serious problem to our privacy and freedom.
The DNC Attacked by Bears?
Following the Democratic National Committee's (DNC) announcement of a breach in June 2016, a report by CrowdStrike detailed its findings about the threat actors behind the attack concluding it was the work of two different sophisticated Russian-based APT groups.
Last year, 1 out of every 3 Americans was the victim of a healthcare data breach.
Patchwork Attack - Are You Covered?
Patchwork, so dubbed for its use of copy-and-pasted code from various online sources, is a targeted attack focused on obtaining documents from governments and government-affiliated organizations with dealings in Southeast Asia and the South China Sea. According to researchers from Cymmetria, Patchwork targeted personnel working on military and political assignments worldwide. They suspect that the attackers originate from India.
The prestigious O'Reilly Media is set to host its inaugural security event, the O'Reilly Security Conference, in New York City kicking off on October 30 at the mid-town Hilton.


Synthetic peptide, corresponding to residues in Human Neurokinin A Receptor.
TACR2 (Tachykinin Receptor 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TACR2 include asthma. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Interleukin-3, 5 and GM-CSF signaling. GO annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity and substance K receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is NPY1R. This gene belongs to a family of genes that function as receptors for tachykinins. Receptor affinities are specified by variations in the 5'-end of the sequence. The receptors belonging to this family are characterized by interactions with G proteins and 7 hydrophobic transmembrane regions. This gene encodes the receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K, also referred to as neurokinin A.
This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K (neurokinin A). It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: substance K > neuromedin-K > substance P. Substance-K receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TACR2 gene. This gene belongs to a family of genes that function as receptors for tachykinins. Receptor affinities are specified by variations in the 5-end of the sequence. The receptors belonging to this family are characterized by interactions with G proteins and 7 hydrophobic transmembrane regions. This gene encodes the receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K, also referred to as neurokinin A. The function about TACR2 antigen include G-protein coupled receptor activity; receptor activity; signal transducer activity; tachykinin receptor activity.
Calcium signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem; Calcium signaling pathway, conserved biosystem; Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), organism-specific biosystem; G alpha (q) signalling events, organism-specific biosystem; GPCR downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem; GPCR ligand binding, organism-specific biosystem; Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem.
Have you cited DCABH-1712 in a publication? Let us know and earn a reward for your research.
Tripp, RA; Moore, D; et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection and G and/or SH protein expression contribute to substance P, which mediates inflammation and enhanced pulmonary disease in BALB/c mice. JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 74:1614-1622(2000).
CUMBERBATCH, MJ; CHIZH, BA; et al. MODULATION OF EXCITATORY AMINO-ACID RESPONSES BY TACHYKININS AND SELECTIVE TACHYKININ RECEPTOR AGONISTS IN THE RAT SPINAL-CORD. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 115:1005-1012(1995).


In an age of geopolitical surveillance, biometric governance, and high-tech securitization, life itself becomes traceable and calculable. Whose life is considered to be of worth greatly depends on the ways in which biopolitical power is exercised today: by means of racialized technological systems as well as through toxic narratives and baseless information. How can the politics of life and death be uncovered? Charles Heller and Heather Dewey-Hagborg discuss how evidence can be produced when technologies and data are repurposed, or when they are proven to be unreliable. They will talk about how forensic techniques and tactical aesthetics can be utilized to reveal and resist the methods by which life becomes a subject of securitization.


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FCC Will Create New Net Neutrality Rules
Court decision will not be the end of FCC's open internet efforts
Ira Teinowitz | February 19, 2014 @ 8:13 AM
FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler on Wednesday unveiled a plan for the FCC to pursue Net Neutrality by crafting new rules to prevent blocking, discrimination and enhance transparency — instead of appealing a court's decision to overturn its existing rules.
"We now have a blueprint for effective action," said a senior FCC official.
Wheeler said the FCC will enforce the existing agreements and promises it has won from some Internet service providers for complying with the old rules while crafting the new rules and moving to bolster competition. He said the FCC might move to overturn state laws preventing municipal broadband services.
Some consumer groups are reacted with disappointment to the decision, saying it could open up any new rules to additional legal challenges and effectively prevent Net Neutrality from taking effect.
"Chairman Wheeler's announcement talks about the need to restore our legal protections and ensure we can communicate freely online," said Free Press President-CEO Craig Aaron. "But pretending the FCC has authority won't actually help Internet users when websites are being blocked or services are being slowed down. If the Internet is to continue to thrive, we need decisive action and clear protections under the law."
Gene Kimmelman, president and CEO of Public Knowledge, said Comcast's purchase of Time Warner Cable has further demonstrated the need for Net Neutrality and he was skeptical the FCC would be able to enforce Net Neutrality requirements without reclassification. At the same time he noted that Wheeler hadn't left open the possibility of voting later on reclassification.
"We are pleased that the FCC plans to protect Internet openness, promote transparency, encourage municipal broadband, and achieve other goals," he said. He added he was "encouraged" the FCC was keeping the reclassification option open.
Also read: Net Neutrality Suffered a Blow, But It's Not Dead: Now the FCC Has Choices to Make
For now at least, Wheeler indicated the FCC will hold off on reclassifying broadband services it now describes "information services" as more telephone like "common carrier" services, a move that would give the agency far greater authority to regulate the Web. Consumer groups and some Hollywood unions have urged the FCC to make the reclassifications but Congressional Republicans have warned such a move would fuel a backlash against the agency.
Wheeler announced the action in a statement, in which he described preserving the Web as an open platform as "an important responsibility."
"The FCC must stand strongly behind its responsibility to oversee the public interest standard and ensure that the Internet remains open and fair," he said in the statement. "The Internet is and must remain the greatest engine of free expression, innovation, economic growth, and opportunity the world has ever known. We must preserve and promote the Internet."
Wheeler said he intended to seize on the appellate court's ruling that though the specific rules enacted didn't pass legal muster, the FCC does have the authority to act.
Also read: Big Win for Net Neutrality? How the Comcast-Time Warner Deal Can Help Save the Open Internet
"I intend to accept that invitation by proposing rules that will meet the court's test for preventing improper blocking of and discrimination among Internet traffic, ensuring genuine transparency in how Internet Service Providers manage traffic, and enhancing competition," Wheeler said in the statement.
He said the court verdict leaves the FCC with "authority to encourage broadband deployment by, among other things, removing barriers to infrastructure deployment, encouraging innovation, and promoting competition."
Wheeler made clear that the FCC would seek public comment before writing any rules. In its Open Internet rules that were overturned the FCC treated wired Internet connections differently than mobile Internet connections for some purposes.
While not providing a lot of details, Wheeler said the new rules would target three areas.
He said the FCC would move to enforce and enhance a requirement that Internet Service Providers transparently disclose how they manage their network traffic.
He said FCC would move to bolster its requirement preventing ISPs from unfairly blocking of network traffic. The appellate court said the FCC did not provided adequate rationale for the rule. Finally he said the FCC will move to expand a "non-discrimination" requirement for network traffic the court upheld.
Hollywood, D.C.
What happens when the political world and the entertainment industry collide. From FCC policy wonks to the MPAA to celebs at the White House, it's TheWrap on Washington.


As these men moved from country to country, changing identities and risking their lives, they soon became targets themselves— tracked, hunted and even killed. Vengeance is a profoundly human document, a real-life espionage classic that plunges the reader into the shadow world of terrorism and political murder. Good condition is defined as: a copy that has been read but remains in clean condition. In the article, Jonas notes that the world and opinions about allowable actions and grievances has changed in the nearly 20 years between when his book was published and the film was being developed. All edges clean, neat and free of foxing. Money back guarantee if you are not satisfied. The story of five ordinary young Israelis whose mission it was to hunt down and kill the terrorists responsible for the massacre of eleven athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics, Vengeance plunges the reader into an explosive world of terrorism and political murder.
Vengeance opens a window onto a secret world, a book that at the same time inspires and horrifies. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. The book is perfectly readable and fit for use, although it shows signs of previous ownership. May show signs of minor shelf wear and contain limited notes and highlighting. From United Kingdom to U.
A profoundly human story, Vengeance explores firsthand the revulsion and doubt that came to torment the Israeli agents, inexorably changing their view of the mission and ultimately how they felt about themselves. Binding is tight, spine fully intact. Jonas third marriage was to Maya née Cho , who was born in Korea. Vengeance is the awesome account of this operation. If you like books about hit squads this is the one for you. Vengeance is the awesome account of this operation: it retells how the team set about their task with ruthless application, stalking their Palestinian targets and carrying out precisely timed executions. But it goes far beyond that, to explore firsthand the feelings of disgust and doubt that gradually came to torment each member of the Israeli team, and that in the end inexorably changed their view of the mission -- and themselves.
A few other killings here and there. All pages are intact, and the cover is intact. In addition to fourteen books, three of which have become national and international bestsellers, Jonas has written for The Wall Street Journal, The Chicago Sun-Times, and other publications. Spine creases, wear to binding and pages from reading. Usual signs of a well read book but good overall condition.
This book is in good condition but will show signs of previous ownership. A practicing Jew, Amiel insisted they marry in a synagogue; Jonas, a secular Jew, had written that it was the first time he had been inside one. We do this by bringing together concerned citizens, the business community, and organizations to develop fiscal resources, programs, and to create public awareness and to serve as an advocate for the library system. It is also a stark examination of the timeless concerns that continue to plague our consciousness today: the nature of good and evil, and the difference between right and wrong. But it also reveals the other side of the coin: the terrible paradox that results when those in power, in a desperate bid against terrorism, resort to the very tactics of their enemies.
This book is in very good condition and will be shipped within 24 hours of ordering. All edges clean, neat and free of foxing. A self-described , he authored 16 books, including the international bestseller 1984 , the story of an Israeli operation to kill the terrorists responsible for the 1972. He had for years preceding his death. About this Item: HarperPerennial, 2006.
But it also reveals the other side of the coin: the terrible paradox that results when those in power, in a desperate bid against terrorism, resort to the very tactics of their enemies. The cover of is slightly damaged for instance a torn or bent corner. At 5:40 in the afternoon of March 11, 2007, a Sunday, I was done reading it. All pages are intact, and the cover is intact. He had told the publishers and Jonas that he was head of a hit team. He was not able to read the screenplay or see the film before commercial release, so did not influence what was done. Spine creases, wear to binding and pages from reading.
Language: Engelska --- Information regarding the book: The book that inspired the Spielberg movie "Munich". Each of the book's chapters deals with a separate stage of the mission, including the background to each assassination. Very Good in Very Good dust jacket. Archived from on 29 June 2013. From United Kingdom to U.