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Complaints filed against MILF, BIFF, PAGs and other indiduals responsible for the deaths of the 55th SAC commandos at Barangay Tukanalipao, Mamasapano, Maguindanao on January 25, 2015
In a Memorandum-Referral dated 18 September 2015, the Joint National Bureau of Investigation-National Prosecution Service Special Investigation Team (NBI-NPS SIT) filed today its complaints against ninety (90) identified respondents involved in the Mamasapano incident. The NBI-NPS SIT is a combined team of five (5) assistant state prosecutors led by Assistant State Prosecutor Juan Pedro C. Navera and thirteen (13) NBI agents and special investigators headed by Deputy Director Edward A. Villarta.
The NBI-NPS SIT has recommended that these respondents, who are members of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF), private armed groups (PAGS) and other unaffiliated individuals, be prosecuted for the complex crime of direct assault with murder for the killing of the thirty five (35) commandos from the Special Action Company (SAC) at Barangay Tukanalipao, Mamasapano, Maguindanao under Articles 148 and 248, in relation to Article 48 of the Revised Penal Code. The team likewise recommended the prosecution of these MILF, BIFF, PAGs members and other individuals for theft of government property under Article 308 of the Revised Penal Code for their unlawful taking of government-issued firearms, ammunition, communications and navigational equipment, personal protective gear, uniforms, combat boots and even personal effects (e.g., watches, wallets, cellphones) of the 55th SAC commandos.
Because these ninety (90) respondents acted in conspiracy with one another to attack, employ force, seriously intimidate or resist the thirty five (35) SAF commandos, who were uniformed police officers and, thus, persons in authority, each of these respondents is individually charged with thirty five (35) counts of direct assault with murder. The direct assault on the SAF commandos deteriorated into and became complexed with murder when the latter were killed by these respondents with the qualifying circumstances of treachery and abuse of superior strength under Article 14 of the Revised Penal Code. The team notes that some of the SAF commandos were killed by the respondents by means of close range pistol shots to the head and body when the victims were already injured or dying and no longer had any means to resist or defend themselves.
The following is a recapitulation of the number of respondents and their respective insurgent membership (or non-affiliation):
No Affiliation/PAGs
The charge for direct assault with murder leaves room for several John Does as more information regarding the identities of other MILF, BIFF, PAGs and other unaffiliated individuals may be obtained by the investigators and/or preliminary investigation panel in its future hearings.
According to eyewitnesses interviewed by the NBI-NPS SIT, there were close to a thousand MILF, BIFF, PAGs and other elements who participated in the attack and killing of the 55th SAC commandos. Recall that only one commando, PO2 Christopher I. Lalan, survived the debacle at the Tukanalipao cornfield. These 90 respondents were identified by five (5) eyewitnesses, including the witness codenamed MARATHON. The lack of additional witnesses explains the glaring disparity between the estimated number of assailants and the limited number of identified respondents.
The present complaints for direct assault with murder and theft of government property do not cover the deaths of the nine (9) SAF commandos of the 84th Seaborne Company who attempted to arrest but later neutralized Zulkifli Bin Hir a.k.a. "Marwan" at his hut in Barangay Pidsandawan, Mamasapano, Maguindanao. Secretary De Lima has earlier ordered the NBI-NPS SIT to continue its second phase of investigation with the goal of ferreting out the circumstances surrounding the deaths of these 84th Seaborne commandos and the identities of their MILF, BIFF, PAGs and other assailants, based on the team's recommendations in its First Report.
The filing of these complaints commences the preliminary investigation of these cases pursuant to Section 3 of Rule 112 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure. If the complaint is found to be sufficient in form and substance, among the first tasks of the preliminary investigation panel is to issue the subpoenas to these ninety (90) respondents in their last known addresses indicated in the complaint. Despite the heinousness of the acts they committed against the valiant commandos of the 55th SAC commandos, these respondents will be given due process. This is clear testament to the DOJ's adherence to the rule of law, due process and its inherent sense of fair play.
The Second Report of the NBI-NPS SIT is in the final stages of preparation. It must be emphasized that the second phase of investigation is highly dependent on new eyewitnesses who can narrate the incident from the vantage point of a Mamasapano or Pidsandawan resident. It will also detail the extent of the American participation in Oplan EXODUS and the criminal liability, if any, of PO2 Lalan for alleged civilian and MILF deaths at Mamasapano on January 25, 2015.
Secretary De Lima sincerely thanks the witnesses who have bravely come forward and cooperated with the NBI-NPS SIT despite the clear danger to their lives and families. The identities of these witnesses might have to be revealed in the course of the preliminary investigation, which will put their security all the more at risk from these respondents and other unidentified MILF, BIFF, PAGs elements and other individuals who are all still at large. The indispensable help of the Philippine National Police and the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the intelligence agencies and various other civilian government offices who lent their assistance and facilities to the team during its fact-finding investigation cannot be measured.
These MILF, BIFF, PAGs and other individuals (including those who are still unidentified) involved in the carnage at Mamasapano must all be held to account before our courts of law. In a system where the rule of law reigns supreme, they enjoy no impunity for their crimes at Mamasapano. These complaints are just the start of a long quest for justice for the dead SAF commandos and their families. But it is fervently hoped that a fair and objective preliminary investigation on the Mamasapano incident will attest to the adage that while justice may grind slowly it grinds exceedingly well.
A copy of the Text of Memorandum-Referral dated 18 September 2015 can be accessed at the DOJ website through this link /files/2015/speeches/Attachments/Memorandum-Referral%20dated%2018%20September%202015.pdf


Industrial water filtration sysstems uncover its use in any kind of large industrial atmosphere. Whether it is to regulate humidity and temperature by means of cooling towers or to get a higher purity of water for e-coating in an automotive plant, these types of filtration systems are essential to ensure the smooth operating of machinery as well as reduced operational expenses Aromhuset-eu. Unclean water can result in scaling and equipment fouling. Monitors, tubes, detectors, heating exchangers along with other parts just about all end up fouled whenever filth in the water settles over the warm areas. This reduces the thermal efficiency of your structure, affects the actual flow speed, slows operations, and impacts the overall level of quality of the final product.
The cardinal concept of filtration is to design a system such that the filter capacity is 10%v greater than the specific filter capability. Just before installing any filter system it's always best to get a water screening done by way of a professional to determine the filter model as well as filter dimension. It's also wise to bear in mind overload and also upset situations while developing your own filtering system.
There are numerous options of industrial water filtration systems you can purchase. Probably the most popular filter systems certainly is the Automatic Screen Filter. Even though it really is relatively more expensive, moderate cost filters are usually available in this option. This particular filter system provides a high performance flush, usually involving 8 to 10 seconds, with very low water quantity. It is also an easy task to set up in the existing system, is usually reliable and it is very low maintenance.
One of the most important parts of the automatic screen filter would be the filter control system. This control system accounts for initiating the actual flush process sometimes by high differential pressure or perhaps a timer. It also comprises an alarm system which notifies the operator of any filter malfunction. A few control devices also have an LCD screen that counts the amount of flushes, shows the amount of time since the previous flush as well as shows the functioning state of the filter. Some industrial controllers are usually good at flushing up to four filters inside a panel.
Industrial water filtration systems find their use within not only the smooth working of equipment but additionally to check ecological damage that takes place whenever water is flushed away into the general public sewers. It really is this same water that finds its way into your main water source. Installing an appropriate filtration system checks this kind of damage and increases machine efficiency all at the same time.


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With two weeks left in the regular season, this week's match ups are all about conference tournament seeding and winning home ice.
Mercyhurst likely has the top spot in the CHA wrapped up, and two games against the last-place Tigers should help keep their separation.
Syracuse is just two points behind Mercyhurst, but faces a much tougher set of games. The teams split a weekend series way back in October. The Orange will find it difficult to gain ground on the Lakers, especially with Robert Morris fighting to hold on to third place and a much more favorable matchup against RIT. Fourth place will host Lindenwood.
Quinnipiac is leading the ECAC and is three points clear of Clarkson. The Bobcats have to face both Union and RPI to finish the season, so if Clarkson is to gain any ground, they'll need to do it here.
Just three points separate Princeton, Colgate, and Harvard in spots 3-5 -- and the top four teams get home ice. Harvard and Colgate have games against the bottom of the conference, so Princeton could do itself a favor with an upset of Clarkson.
The Eagles handled Northeastern 7-0 in the Beanpot final on Tuesday, so it'll be interesting to see how Huskies respond. They're still the Hockey East team with the best chance of de-throning Boston College.
New Hampshire and Vermont each have 14 points and are holding the fifth and sixth spots. Maine is just one point back. Vermont has just one game this weekend -- and it's against the BC behemoth. That leaves a lot of room for the other two teams to create a separation. It's unlikely that Providence moves up, but Maine doesn't want to take a chance and end up going to BC in the first round of the Hockey East tournament. BC, Northeastern, and BU all have thirty points or better. UConn, in fourth, has 19. There's a big difference in opponent for the fifth and sixth place finishers, so the final two weeks will definitely be worth watching.
Bemidji State is holding third place in the WCHA with a two-point advantage over North Dakota. UMD and St. Cloud State each have 28 points and are tied for fifth place.
↑Princeton's Karlie Lund -- The freshman was the ECAC Player of the Week after tallying her first career hat trick. It was the Tigers' first hat trick since Denna Laing tallied one in 2014. She was also the first to earn both POW and Rookie of the Week honors since Kelly Babstock did so in 2010.
↓End of the season drama -- There may be a few teams swapping spots in the middle of each conference, but for the most part, the regular season should go out with less of a bang and more of a whimper. An early peek at the final two weeks' matchups showed the potential for some showdowns, but it looks like the most of the conferences will be clinched before they puck hits the ice for the final weekend.
↑Wisconsin -- The Badgers can clinch the WCHA regular-season crown with a sweep of Minnesota State this weekend. It would end a three-year reign by Minnesota.
↓Union -- They managed a tie against Brown -- their sixth of the season -- but it still might be a goose egg for Union this year.
↑Boston College -- After suffering their first defeat of the season in last year's Beanpot final, Boston College had a bit of a score to settle in 2016. The Eagles cruised to an easy 7-0 win over Northeastern, cementing their spot as tops in both Boston and Hockey East.
↑Wisconsin goalie Ann-Renée Desbiens -- The sophomore junior set a program record with her 15th shutout. One more and she'll tie former Gopher Noora Räty. Her 32 career blank slates already rank third in NCAA history. Her 0.61 goals against average and .961 save percentage are on pace to set new NCAA records. She's allowed more than two goals in a game just once this season.


text:
Atef Dkhili, né le 4 avril 1990, est un footballeur tunisien évoluant au poste de gardien avec le Club africain. Il se fait connaître à l'occasion de la coupe du monde des moins de 17 ans 2007.

À la suite de cette compétition, le gardien formé au club de Jendouba Sports signe un contrat de deux ans et demi avec le Club africain. Le 22 juillet 2010, il part sous forme de prêt à l'Olympique de Béja pour six mois.

Clubs
 juillet 2009-juillet 2010 : Club africain (Tunisie)
 juillet 2010-décembre 2010 : Olympique de Béja (Tunisie)
 décembre 2010-septembre 2021 : Club africain (Tunisie)
 septembre-octobre 2021 : Stade tunisien (Tunisie)
 janvier-août 2022 : Al-Aïn Football Club (Arabie saoudite)
 depuis août 2022 : Stade tunisien (Tunisie)

Palmarès
 Championnat de Tunisie (2) : 2008, 2015
 Coupe de Tunisie (2) : 2017, 2018

Liens externes

Footballeur tunisien
Joueur du Club africain (football)
Joueur du Stade tunisien
Naissance en avril 1990

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
CDOT plans overhaul of complex Armitage/CortlandAshland/Elston junction
A cluster of old industrial buildings at the northeast corner of Ashland/Elston, including the Horween Leather Company on the left (built 1886), and a storage building that dates to 1899. Photo: Eric Allix Rogers
The Chicago Department of Transportation has taken preliminary steps to reconfigure the intersections of Armitage Avenue, Cortland Street, and Ashland and Elston Avenues, a convoluted confluence of roadways that has long bedeviled people traveling by foot, bike, transit, and motor vehicles.
Technically located in the Logan Square community area, just west of the north branch of the Chicago River, near the future Lincoln Yards megadevelopment, this area is a complicated transportation nexus. Metra's Clybourn station (why is it even called that, when it's half a mile from Clybourn Avenue?), which serves the Union Pacific North and Northwest lines, is a major pedestrian traffic generator. The CTA's Armitage and Ashland buses serve the area. Cortland and Elston are key cycling routes, with the former serving as a gateway to the nearby eastern terminus of the Bloomingdale Trail elevated greenway. And the Kennedy Expressway passes by this triangular vortex, with access ramps on Armitage just west of Ashland.
The project area. Image: Google Maps
Combine all that activity with Elston's skewed geometry and some truly terrible sight lines due to the overhead highway and railroad tracks and their support pillars, and you've got a truly confusing and intimidating intersection. It's similar in those respects to the junction of Logan Boulevard and Western Avenue, located about a mile and a half northwest, which got a road diet with protected bike lanes last summer in the wake of two fatal bike crashes.
Streetsblog Chicago editor-at-large Steven Vance, who also runs the real estate news website Chicago Cityscape, recently noticed that CDOT has requested $7.6 million in Tax Increment Financing money for preliminary planning for the "realignment of substandard Elston-Ashland-Armitage-Cortland, work will include pavement reconstruction, viaduct rehabilitation, traffic signal modernization." It's good to hear the viaducts will get a makeover, since they currently look like something our of a horror movie.
The northwest corner of Cortland/Ashland, downstairs from the Clybourn Metra stop, looking north. Image: Google Maps
However, an eyebrow-raising aspect of the proposal is the $263.5 million "total project cost" for the plan. "What the heck is CDOT proposing?" Steven wondered.
CDOT spokesperson Mike Claffey told me, "This $7.6M TIF request is to help start Phase 1 design for an intersection reconfiguration project at Elston/Armitage/Ashland that's intended to improve traffic safety and operations for people walking, bicycling, taking transit, and driving at this complex intersection. The improvement is also to expected enhance access to the nearby Metra station." He said the the Phase 1 design process is expected to get underway this year, and promised "there will ample opportunities for public input during the process, which could take several years."
A city official said the massive $236 million total project cost figure "is a placeholder value that will be refined as part of the Phase 1 design."
Paul Sajovec, chief of staff for local alderman Scott Waguespack (32nd), shed some more light on the subject. (The office of the other local alderman, Brian Hopkins [2nd], didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.) Sajovec said CDOT contacted the aldermen in early December to request $12.6 million for preliminary engineering from the North Branch North TIF district, part of the financial incentive package for Lincoln Yards that was approved by the City Council in Aprill 2019, although the figure was later lowered to $7.6 million. "They wanted to earmark the funds for future improvements, in part because the TIF is expiring soon," Sajovec said. CDOT's funding proposal needs approval from the city's Finance Committee, and then the full Council.
Sajovec added that there's no set plan in place for a specific preferred option for the Armitage/CortlandAshland/Elston redesign, "but there's a consensus that safety improvements are needed. He said the project will likely be similar to the reconfiguration of the six-way intersection of Fullerton, Damen, and Elston avenues about a mile northwest, also in the 32nd Ward, which was completed in late 2016 at a relatively paltry cost of $22.5 million. That project rerouted Elston so that it bypasses the Fullerton/Damen junction and instead crosses Damen a block east and Fullerton a block north.
Fullerton/Damen/Elston after reconfiguration, including the Elston bypass, looking southeast. Photo: CDOT
The Fullerton/Damen/Elston redesign displaced a couple of local businesses, made room for some chain stores, and made the intersection more car-centric by adding some additional mixed-traffic lanes, although the Elston bypass also included new curb-protected bike lanes. Sajovec said that intersection was previously one of the most crash-prone junctions in the city. While he didn't have recent crash numbers, he said CDOT engineers said their impression is that the overhaul has been "very successful" for improving safety, and he hasn't heard about any serious crashes there since the remix was completed.
Likewise, the upcoming project may include separating where the the various streets converge, Sajovec said. This would probably be done at grade, since the expressway, railroad tracks, and existing buildings would greatly complicate any overpass or underpass solution. "CDOT is evaluating options, with the goal of making the intersection safer, without needless traffic delays," he said. "We want the area to be as safe as possible, with pedestrians and bicyclists at the forefront."
Streetsblog Chicago will continue reporting on the Armitage/CortlandAshland/Elston project to help ensure that it results in a net improvement for sustainable transportation.
Filed Under: Bicycling, Bus Transit, Chicago Policy, Design, Driving, Funding & Finance, Infrastructure, Neighborhoods, News, Rail Transit, Walking, 2nd Ward, 32nd Ward, CDOT, Logan Square, Paul Sajovec, Promoted, safety, Scott Waguespack
Planning Study for Finkl Steel Site Needs to Consider Transit and Biking
By Steven Vance | Nov 8, 2013
With Finkl & Sons Steel vacating 22 acres along Cortland Street between Clybourn Avenue and the Chicago River, the U.S. Environental Protection Agency has given the economic development corporation North Branch Works $200,000 to create a plan that keeps the area industrial. As part of this process, it's important for walking, biking, and transit to be integrated […]
Lincoln Yards planners say they hope to improve non-car connections to the site
By Imelda March | Feb 23, 2021
Restoring bus service on Elston and Clybourn avenues would be one way to improve connectivity.
Clybourn Ave and State St Could Get City's First Curb-Separated Bikeways
By Steven Vance | Dec 12, 2013
At yesterday's Mayor's Bicycle Advisory Council, Chicago Bicycle Program project manager Mike Amsden revealed a new detail about the missing piece of the Clybourn Avenue buffered bike lane. The Chicago Department of Transportation is working with the Illinois Department of Transportation to install a protected bike lane on Clybourn that may be separated by a […]
Chicago Gets First Curb-Protected Lanes; Many Other Bike Projects on Deck
In a surprise move, the Chicago Department of Transportation recently began building the city's first curb-protected bike lanes on Sacramento Drive through Douglas Park. This morning, assistant director of transportation planning Mike Amsden provided an update on this game-changing facility, plus a slew of other bikeways projects slated for 2015. Four years ago, Mayor Rahm […]
Possibility of tons of parking at music venue in Morton plant makes some advocates salty
"A new concert venue between Elston and the river would be great, but adding acres of surface parking near the Morton Salt site would be a giant step backwards."
Logan Square bikeway plans are disappointing, but traffic circle remix is exciting
By John Greenfield | Mar 18, 2021
While it's a bummer that Logan Square won't be getting robust bikeways as part of the Diversey and Milwaukee projects, it's great that the long-awaited traffic circle remix and La Placita are finally coming to fruition.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Perfect for colder weather, here is an inexpensive and comforting dish from our Darden Foundation Community Kitchen.
1. Make Bisquick dough according to box directions and set aside.
2. Empty all cans of soup and broth into large pot. Save two empty soup cans and fill one with water and one with milk, and pour into pot.
3. Simmer chicken breast in liquid for about 20 minutes until it is soft enough to shred. Carefully remove chicken from pot and shred into pieces. Add shredded chicken back into the pot. Bring the liquid and chicken to a boil and drop the Bisquick dough by tablespoons into the hot liquid. Reduce heat to a simmer. Add more water if soup becomes too thick.
4. Cover and cook for 10 minutes. Watch the pot so it doesn't boil over.
5. Cook uncovered 10 more minutes until dumplings are cooked through.
Note: Diced potatoes and carrots, or sliced celery or mushrooms can also be added in.


It's Wednesday again, that means it is time for IWSG. The last month has been hard on me. Of all the things we do as writers, I think the one thing I hate most is editing. Many will say marketing, but for me, I'd rather do marketing.
For the last month I've been doing editing, and it has been quite challenging. My disability doesn't make it easy on me, often having to take long breaks that can last for a day, not feeling good most of the time. But I am thankful for the attention to detail my editor has given to my work and I want to talk about her today.


text:
Send Flowers for Michael
Michael Wright
July 17, 1986 ~ December 1, 2021 (age 35)
Michael Wright, son of James Wright and the late Betty Daniels, was born July 17, 1986 in Clarksdale, MS.
"Tuddy Wuddy," as he was affectionately called by his family in the south or "Chewy" by his family in the north, accepted Christ and was baptized at Oakdale Missionary Baptist Church and remained a member until his death.
As a child, Michael attended Oakdale Elementary and Iroquois Middle Schools in Grand Rapids, MI.
Michael was a proud father of his twin girls, MaKhialah and Za'Niyah, and loved to spend time with them. He also loved spending time with his family and friends, fishing, and traveling. Michael was never afraid to try to new things. His family often to referred to him as a philanthropist because he loved to help others.
On December 1, 2021, Michael passed away in Alpine Township, MI. Left to cherish his memories are his daughters, MaKhialah and Za'Niyah Wright of Grand Rapids, MI; father, James Wright of Batesville, MS; sisters, Michelle Wright Barker (Robert) of Grand Rapids, MI, Jessica Rice Mays (John) of Senatobia, MS, and Mildred Brassell (Quincy) of Courtland, MS; nieces, Azarie' Anna Wright, MaKayla Barker, and MyKeria Brassell; nephews, Elijah Wright, Keshaun Wright, Raequan Wright, Robert Barker, Jr., Jamaras Jefferson, Isaiah Reece, Glentrell Reece, and Quincy Stewart; great nephew, Jha'Mari Jefferson; a host of aunts, uncles, cousins, other relatives and friends.
Michael was preceded in death by his mother, Betty Daniels.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Michael, please visit our floral store.
Eureka Community Cemetery
Cosby Road
Courtland, MS 38620
Video is available for this event
Click here to access the video
Yes, we are still adhering to the restrictions for graveside services and social distancing. And we thank you for your cooperation. Please, due to the Covid-19 Virus that has disrupted the lives of all of us, especially the families that are having to cope with a new way of grieving and saying goodbye to their loved one, and a new and different way for us, the funeral director serving them, I ask that you please be respectful and keep the graveside service limited to city, county, state, and CDC guidelines. We are working hard to ensure that this transition is as easy as possible for the family. ** MASKS ARE REQUIRED**


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Over the past several years a number of Pharma companies have developed processes and procedures to ensure that promotional activities, personal and non-personal, are targeted appropriately. Customers are either "included or excluded" based on the specialty of a healthcare professional (HCP) and a product's approved indication(s). As noted in a variety of recent legal and financial settlements, the costs associated with inadequate promotional controls is extremely high.
The long term success of an inclusion/exclusion program centers on the customer masterfile. Over time the number of duplicate entries in a customer masterfile can increase for various reasons (mergers, multiple entry points utilizing various business rules, etc.). Duplicates can easily occur without strong processes and procedures, often with multiple entries having conflicting physician specialties. Resulting data issues and inconsistencies have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the quality of inclusion/exclusion efforts that organizations are looking to employ for compliance and other business reasons.
Organizations addressing challenges in this area need to access and potentially implement system enhancements to the customer masterfile (including related processes and procedures), develop business rules for physician specialties at a product level, and coordinate the scrubbing of existing entries in the customer masterfile to eliminate duplicates.
Developing and documenting business rules for inclusions/exclusions based on physician specialty and product indication(s) is a rather straight-forward process. However, challenges arise because numerous functions within a Pharma organization (Field Sales, Inside Sales, Help Desk/Information Center, Digital channels, Medical Affairs, etc.) are typically permitted to create new customer entries. A lack of consistent and uniformed business rules across these touch-points can introduce a level of unanticipated complexity and can compromise data quality.
CRM systems provide opportunities for users to create new and/or modify existing customers. Sales representatives are uniquely positioned to gain knowledge about their customers in "real time" and companies can benefit by utilizing this information in a timely manner.
To properly manage this decentralized input, consideration should be given to the development of business rules that require sales representatives to search for the healthcare professional (HCP) on his/her PC or tablet to determine if the HCP already exists, possibly at another location or using a different naming convention.
When a new HCP entry is required it is strongly recommended that specific (core) information be entered prior to the request being processed. Core data may include: First name, last name, office address, office phone number, state license #, and physician specialty.
CRM systems also have a robust governance mechanism. New entries should not be added to a call plan without proper verification and approval through various internal processes. From an IT standpoint, this governance module needs to be developed and integrated into the current CRM workflow.
The expansion of digital promotions has added a challenging level of complexity to the process. In most cases, new customer profiles can be created on-line by the healthcare professional attracted to a website or offering. From a compliance perspective, it is important that profile data entered by a healthcare professional via a digital channel be consistent with the standards used by other channels. This positions the company to effectively validate and manage entries in the customer master, proactively managing duplicates. Further, if possible, it is advantageous to have real-time validation of state license numbers and physician specialty to manage inclusion/exclusions.
Feeds to/from the customer masterfile to various systems need to be analyzed and points of integration coordinated. There are numerous additions and deletions of customers each year due to newly licensed healthcare professionals, changes in specialties, relocations, retirements, deaths, etc. With numerous systems relying on timely and accurate updates to assist in compliance efforts, housing HCP data in a central repository with tightly integrated feeds to/from other systems positions organizations to run effectively and maintain standards to better serve all impacted stakeholders.
Ideally all systems involved in the inclusion/exclusion process need to be intelligent enough to apply correct restrictions with minimal instructions and maximum flexibility.
Axtria Inc. is an advanced analytics organization with significant experience in this area. Axtria offers both consultative and systems solutions that will assist companies manage inclusions/exclusions in a compliant manner.
Have you included all your inclusions and excluded all your exclusions? If you're not sure, contact us to compare notes.


There's a joke that aspiring attorneys go to law school because they aren't good at math.
But it's no joke when it comes to calculating referral fees and fee-splitting between attorneys. Make a mistake, and it could cost you that law license.
Fortunately, there are some professional rules for that and they can save you a headache when trying to figure it out.
There is some wiggle room in dividing the fee if the lawyers assume joint responsibility. And, as with all fee agreements, the fee must be reasonable.
The ethical issue is actually harder than the math. Is it fee-splitting or a referral fee? If the agreement between the lawyers is based on a percentage, flat-fee or contingent recovery of attorneys fees, it is probably subject to the rule.
But if a lawyer pays or receives money simply for the referral -- without actually working on the case or assuming any responsibility for it -- then it is something else.
The rule is aimed at lawyer advertising, and referrals are the best form of advertising. They are basically endorsements.
So many attorneys avoid referral fees altogether to avoid potential ethical issues -- such as referring cases based on financial considerations rather than client interests.
That, and the math problem.


A vacant lot, rat-infested and filled with garbage, looked like no place for a garden. Especially to a neighborhood of strangers where no one seems to care. Until one day, a young girl clears a small space and digs into the hard-packed soil to plant her precious bean seeds. Suddenly, the soil holds promise: To Curtis, who believes he can win back Lateesha's heart with a harvest of tomatoes; to Virgil's dad, who sees a fortune to be made from growing lettuce; and even to Maricela, sixteen and pregnant, wishing she were dead.
Thirteen very different voices -- old, young, Haitian, Hispanic, tough, haunted, and hopeful -- tell one amazing story about a garden that transforms a neighborhood.
Sometimes, even in the middle of ugliness and neglect, a little bit of beauty will bloom. Award-winning writer Paul Fleischman dazzles us with this truth in Seedfolks--a slim novel that bursts with hope. Wasting not a single word, Fleischman unfolds a story of a blighted neighborhood transformed when a young girl plants a few lima beans in an abandoned lot. Slowly, one by one, neighbors are touched and stirred to action as they see tendrils poke through the dirt. Hispanics, Haitians, Koreans, young, and old begin to turn the littered lot into a garden for the whole community. A gift for hearts of all ages, this gentle, timeless story will delight anyone in need of a sprig of inspiration.


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text:
\section{Detecting Equidistant Subsequence Pattern}\label{sec:equidistant_subsequence_pattern}

In this section,
we consider algorithms for detecting equidistant subsequence pattern.

\subsection*{Algorithm 5}
We use similar techniques of Algorithm 1.
For each distance $d (1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1}\rfloor)$,
we construct text $ST_d$.
After preparing the split text,
we can compute $\esp$ using existing substring pattern matching algorithms.
Since Knuth-Morris-Pratt
algorithm~\cite{KnuthMP77} runs in $O(n)$ time for a text of length $n$,
we obtain the following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:ESPM-1}
  There is an algorithm for locating all equidistant subsequence occurrences
  for given pattern $P$ of length $m$
  which uses $O\left(\frac{n^2}{m}\right)$ time and $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

Like $\ksc$, for text $T=\mathtt{a}^n$ and pattern $P=\mathtt{a}^m$,
$|\esp|$ can be $\Omega(\frac{n^2}{m})$.
Therefore, when we locate all $(i,d) \in \esp$,
this algorithm is optimal in the worst case.
In the next subsection,
we show a counting algorithm that is efficient when the value of $m$ is small.
And we show a locating algorithm that is efficient
when the value of $m$ and $|\esp|$ is small.

\subsection*{Algorithm 6}

Now we will show the following results:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:ESPM-2}
  There is an algorithm for counting all equidistant subsequence occurrences
  which uses $O\left(\frac{n^2}{\log n}\right)$ time and $O\left(\frac{|\Sigma_P| n}{\log n}\right)$ space,
  where $\Sigma_P$ is the set of distinct characters in the given pattern $P$.
  We can also locate these occurrences
  in $O\left(\frac{n^2}{\log n}+\occ\right)$ time and $O\left(\frac{|\Sigma_P| n}{\log n}\right)$ space.
\end{theorem}

First,
we construct $\delta_c$ for all $c \in \Sigma_P$.
For each $d (1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{m-1} \rfloor)$,
let $Q^{''}_d = \delta_{P[1]} \texttt{ \& }\\ (\delta_{P[2]} \texttt{ << } d) \texttt{ \& } (\delta_{P[3]} \texttt{ << } 2d) \texttt{ \& } \cdots \texttt{ \& } (\delta_{P[m]} \texttt{ << } (m-1)d)$.
If $Q^{''}_d[i]=1$, $(i,d)$ is a occurrence of equidistant subsequence pattern $P$.
See Figure~\ref{fig:alg6} for a concrete example.
\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering{
    \includegraphics[width=0.70\linewidth]{alg6_fix_size.pdf}
  }
  \caption{Let $T=\mathtt{caaacaabaabaabcabc}$ and $P=\mathtt{aacc}$.
  $(9,3)$ is an occurrence of equidistant subsequence pattern with $d=3$.}
  \label{fig:alg6}
\end{figure}

All of the elements of $\esp$ can be counted / located by using a method similar to Algorithm 2 for $Q^{''}_d$.
After constructing $\delta_c$ for all $c \in \Sigma$,
all occurrences of equidistant subsequence pattern
can be counted in $O(\frac{n^2}{\log n})$ time and $O(n)$ space
and can be located in $O(\frac{n^2}{\log n}+\occ)$ time and $O(n)$ space.
Constructing $\delta_c$ for all $c \in \Sigma_P$
needs $O(\frac{|\Sigma_P| n}{\log n})$ time and space.
Since $\frac{|\Sigma_P| n}{\log n}$ is at most
$O(\frac{n^2}{\log n})$,
we get Theorem~\ref{theo:ESPM-2}.

If $m$ is $o(\log n)$,
Algorithm 6 is faster than Algorithm 5 and $O(\frac{|\Sigma_P| n}{\log n}) \subseteq O(n)$.
From the above, we obtain the following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:ESPM}
  All occurrences of equidistant subsequence pattern
  can be counted in\\
  $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{m},\frac{n^2}{\log n}\right\}\right)$ time and
  $O(n)$ space
  and can be located in
  $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{m},\frac{n^2}{\log n}+\occ\right\}\right)$ time and $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

\section{Detecting Equidistant Subsequence Pattern of Length Three}\label{sec:equidistant_subsequence_pattern_of_length_three}

In this section,
we show more efficient algorithms that count all occurrences of an equidistant subsequence pattern
for the case where the length of the pattern is three.
In addition,
we show an algorithm for counting all occurrences of equidistant Abelian subsequence patterns of length three.
Since we heavily use the techniques of~\cite{Funakoshi_STACS2020} for $3$-sub-cadences,
we first show their algorithm for $3$-sub-cadences and then generalize it for solving the equidistant subsequence pattern matching problem.

\subsection*{Counting 3-sub-cadences~\cite{Funakoshi_STACS2020}}
Let $a[1..n]$ and $b[1..n]$ be two sequences.
The sequence $c[1..2n]$ can be computed by the discrete acyclic convolution
$c[z] = \sum_{\substack{x+y=z \\ (x,y) \in [0,1,2,\dots,n]^2}} a[x] b[y]$.
The discrete acyclic convolution can be computed in
$O(n \log n)$ time by using the fast Fourier transform.
This convolution can be interpreted geometrically as follows:
$c[z] = \sum_{\substack{x+y=z \\ (x,y) \in G \cap \mathbb{Z}^2}} a[x] b[y]$,
where $G$ is the square given by $\{(x,y): 0\leq x,y \leq n \}$.

Funakoshi and Pape-Lange~\cite{Funakoshi_STACS2020} showed that
$3$-sub-cadences can be counted by using the discrete acyclic convolution.
If $(i,d)$ is a $3$-sub-cadence with a character $c$,
$\delta_c[i] \cdot \delta_c[i+2d]=1$ and $T[i+d]=c$.
Let $c[2z]=\sum_{\substack{x+y=2z \\ (x,y) \in [0,1,2,\dots,n]^2}} \delta_c[x] \delta_c[y]$,
then $c[2z]$ will be the number of the index $z$ lies in the middle of two $c$.
Since $z+z=2z$ and $\delta_c[z] \cdot \delta_c[z]=1$
if $T[z]=1$,
$c[2z]$ counts one false positive.
In addition,
$x+y=z$ and $\delta_c[x] \cdot \delta_c[y]=1$
if $x \neq y$,
$c[2z]$ counts twice for same $x$ and $y$.
Let $f[z]$ be the number of all $3$-sub-cadences
with a character $c$ such that the second occurrences of $c$ has index $z$.
$f[z]$ can be computed in $O(n \log n)$ time as follows:
\[f[z] := \begin{cases}
\frac{c[2z]-1}{2} &\textup{if $T[z]=c$},\\
0 &\textup{if $T[z]\neq c$}.
\end{cases}\]

Furthermore, they extended the geometric interpretation of convolution and showed that
if $G$ is a triangle with perimeter $p$,
the sequence $c$
can be computed in $O(p \log^2 p)$.

\subsection*{Counting Equidistant Subsequence Patterns of Length Three}

Now we show the algorithm for counting all occurrences of equidistant subsequence pattern whose length is three.
Let $g[z]$ be the number of all occurrences of
equidistant subsequence pattern
such that the second occurrences of $P$ has index $z$.

If $P=\alpha \alpha \alpha$,
this problem is equal to the counting all $3$-sub-cadences problem.
Therefore,
$g[z]$ can be computed in $O(n \log n)$ time as follows:
\[g[z] := \begin{cases}
\frac{c[2z]-1}{2} &\textup{if $T[z]=\alpha$}\\
0 &\textup{if $T[z]\neq \alpha$}
\end{cases}\]
where $c[2z]=\sum_{\substack{x+y=2z \\ (x,y) \in [0,1,2,\dots,n]^2}} \delta_\alpha[x] \delta_\alpha[y]$.

If $P=\alpha \beta \alpha$,
since the pattern is symmetrical,
$g[z]$ can be computed in $O(n \log n)$ time as follows,
by using almost the same technique as above:
\[g[z] := \begin{cases}
\frac{c[2z]}{2} &\textup{if $T[z]=\beta$}\\
0 &\textup{if $T[z]\neq \beta$}
\end{cases}\]
where $c[2z]=\sum_{\substack{x+y=2z \\ (x,y) \in [0,1,2,\dots,n]^2}} \delta_\alpha[x] \delta_\alpha[y]$.

However, if $P=\alpha \beta \gamma$,
$c[2z]=\sum_{\substack{x+y=2z \\ (x,y) \in [0,1,2,\dots,n]^2}} \delta_\alpha[x] \delta_\gamma[y]$
would also include
occurrences of equidistant subsequence pattern
$\gamma \beta \alpha$.
Thus, in order to compute $g[z]$,
we further add the condition $x<y$.
By using triangle convolution of~\cite{Funakoshi_STACS2020},
$g[z]$ can be computed in $O(n \log^2 n)$ time
as follows:
\[g[z] := \begin{cases}
c[2z] &\textup{if $T[z]=\beta$}\\
0 &\textup{if $T[z]\neq \beta$}
\end{cases}\]
where $c[z] = \sum_{\substack{x+y=z \\ (x,y) \in G \cap \mathbb{Z}^2}} \delta_\alpha[x] \delta_\gamma[y]$, where $G$ is the triangle as following figure~\ref{fig:esp3}.
\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering{
    \includegraphics[width=0.235\linewidth]{esp3.pdf}
  }
  \caption{The triangle $G$.}
  \label{fig:esp3}
\end{figure}

If $P=\alpha \alpha \gamma$ or $P=\alpha \gamma \gamma$,
we can compute $g[z]$ by using the same technique
as for the case of $P=\alpha \beta \gamma$.
Therefore, we get the following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:esp3}
  All occurrences of equidistant subsequence pattern
  of length three
  can be counted in
  $O(n \log^2 n)$ time and $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

\subsection*{Counting Equidistant Abelian Subsequence Patterns of Length Three}

Now we show the algorithm for counting all occurrences of equidistant Abelian subsequence pattern whose length is three.
In this subsection we consider the case where all of the three characters are distinct, namely, $P=\alpha \beta \gamma$.
The other cases can be computed similarly.

In the previous subsection,
we showed that
if $P=\alpha \beta \gamma$,
$c[2z]=\sum_{\substack{x+y=z \\ (x,y) \in [0,1,2,\dots,n]^2}} \delta_\alpha[x] \delta_\gamma[y]$ counts
the occurrences of equidistant subsequence pattern
$\gamma \beta \alpha$.
Therefore, we can compute all occurrences of equidistant subsequence pattern
$\alpha \beta \gamma$, $\gamma \beta \alpha$,
$\beta \gamma \alpha$, $\alpha \gamma \beta$,
$\gamma \alpha \beta$, and $\beta \alpha \gamma$
by using discrete acyclic convolution
for $P=\alpha \beta \gamma$, $P=\beta \gamma \alpha$, and $P=\gamma \alpha \beta$.
Hence, we can get following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:easp3}
  All occurrences of equidistant Abelian subsequence pattern
  of length three
  can be counted in
  $O(n \log n)$ time and $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

\section{Introduction}

Pattern matching on strings is a very important topic in string
processing.
Usually, strings are regarded and stored as one dimensional sequences
and many pattern matching algorithms have been proposed
to efficiently find particular substrings occurring in them~\cite{KnuthMP77,BoyerM77,DBLP:conf/stringology/FaroLBMM16,Horspool1980,GALIL1983280,CrochemorePerrin91}.
However, when one is to view the string/text data on paper or on a screen,
it is usually shown in two dimensions:
the single dimensional sequence is displayed in several lines folded by
some length.
It is known that the two dimensional arrangement can be used to embed hidden messages,
and/or cause occurrences of unexpected or unintentional messages in the text.
A common form for such an embedding is to consider the occurrence of a
pattern in a linear layout: vertically or possibly diagonally along
the two dimensional display.

For example, there was a (rather controversial)
paper~\cite{witztum94:_equid_letter_sequen_book_genes} on the so
called Bible Code, claiming that the Bible contains statistically
significant occurrences of various related words, occurring vertically
and/or diagonally, in close proximity.
Furthermore, there was an incident with a veto letter by
the California State Governor~\cite{matier09:_did_schwar};
Although it was considered a ``weird coincidence'',
the first character on each line of the letter could be connected
and interpreted as a very provocative message.
In Japanese internet forums,
there was a culture of actively using these techniques, referred to as
``tate-yomi''(vertical reading) and
``naname-yomi'' (diagonal reading),
where the author of a message purposely embeds a hidden message in
his/her post.
Most commonly, the author will write a message that praises some
object or opinion in question, but embed a message with a completely
opposite meaning bearing the author's true intention.
The hidden message can be recovered by reading the text message
vertically or diagonally from some position, and is used as form of
sarcasm, as well as a clever method to mock those who were unable to
\emph{get} it.

Assuming that the text is folded into lines of equal length,
vertical or diagonal occurrences of the
pattern in two dimensions can be regarded as a subsequence of the
original text, where the distance between each character is equal.
We call the problem of detecting such occurrences of the pattern as the \emph{equidistant subsequence matching} problem.
To the best of the authors'
knowledge,
there exist only publications concerning
the statistical properties of the occurrence of equidistant subsequence
patterns, mainly with the so called Bible Code.

Recently, a notion of regularities in strings called
\emph{(Sub)-Cadences},
defined by equidistant occurrences of the same character,
was considered by Amir et al.~\cite{Cadences_Amir}.
A $k$-sub-cadence of a string can be viewed as an occurrence of an
equidistant subsequence of length $k$ that consists of the same character.
A $k$-sub-cadence is a $k$-cadence,
if the starting position is less than or equal to $d$ and
the ending position is greater than $n-d$, where $d$ is the
distance between each consecutive character occurrence
and $n$ is the length of the string.
To date, algorithms for detecting
anchored cadences (cadences whose starting position is equal to $d$),
$3$-(sub-)cadences,
and $(\pi_1, \pi_2, \pi_3)$-partial-$3$-cadences
(an occurrence of an equidistant subsequence that can become a cadence by changing at most all but 3 characters)
have been proposed~\cite{Cadences_Amir, Funakoshi_STACS2020}.
However, no efficient algorithm for detecting
$k$-(sub)-cadences for arbitrary $k~(1\leq k \leq n)$
is known so far.

In this paper, we present counting algorithms for $k$-sub-cadences, $k$-cadences, equidistant subsequence patterns of length $m$ and length $3$,
and equidistant Abelian subsequence patterns of length $3$.
Table~\ref{tab:complexity} shows a summary of the results.
All algorithms run in $O(n)$ space.
Furthermore, we present locating algorithms for $k$-sub-cadences, $k$-cadences, and equidistant subsequence patterns of length $m$.
The time complexities of these algorithms can be obtained by adding $\occ$ to the second term inside the minimum function of each time complexity of the counting algorithm.
To the best of the authors'
knowledge, these are the first $o(n^2)$ time algorithm for $k$-(sub)-cadences and equidistant subsequence patterns.
Unless otherwise noted, we assume a word RAM model with word size
$\Theta(\log n)$,
and strings over a general ordered alphabet.

\begin{table}[htb]
  \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|} \hline
      Counting time & For a constant size alphabet & For a general ordered alphabet \\ \hline \hline
      $k$-sub-cadences & $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n^2}{\log n}\right\}\right)$ & $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}\right\}\right)$ \\ \hline
     $k$-cadences & $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{1}{\log n}\left(\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn\right)\right\}\right)$& $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}\sqrt{\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn}\right\}\right)$ \\ \hline
    \end{tabular}

    \vspace{5mm}

    \scalebox{0.98}{
    \begin{tabular}{|c||c|} \hline
      Counting time & For a general ordered alphabet \\ \hline \hline
      Equidistant subsequence pattern & $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{m},\frac{n^2}{\log n}\right\}\right)$ \\ \hline
     Equidistant subsequence pattern of length three & $O(n \log^2 n)$ \\ \hline
     Equidistant Abelian subsequence pattern of length three & $O(n \log n)$ \\ \hline
   \end{tabular}
   }
  \end{center}
  \caption{Summary of results.}
  \label{tab:complexity}
\end{table}

\section{Detecting k-Cadences}\label{sec:k-cadences}

In this section,
we consider algorithms for detecting $k$-cadences.

\subsection*{Algorithm 3}
We use same techniques of Algorithm 1 and then check whether each element belongs to $\kc$ or not.
After computing $\ksc$ by using Algorithm 1,
we have to check if each $(i,d) \in \ksc$ satisfies
the following formulas:
$i \leq d$ and $i+kd > n$.
Since $|\ksc| \in O(\frac{n^2}{k})$,
we can do this operation in $O(\frac{n^2}{k})$ time.
Therefore, we can obtain the following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:k-1}
  There is an algorithm for locating all $k$-sub-cadences
  for given $k$
  which uses $O\left(\frac{n^2}{k}\right)$ time and $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

\subsection*{Algorithm 4}

Now, we will show the following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:k-cadences-2}
  For a constant size alphabet,
  there is an $O\left(\frac{1}{\log n}\left(\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn\right)\right)$ time algorithm for counting all $k$-cadences for given $k$.
  We can also locate these occurrences
  in\\ $O\left(\frac{1}{\log n}\left(\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn\right)+\occ\right)$ time.
  For a general ordered alphabet,
  there is an \\$O\left(\frac{n \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}\sqrt{\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn}\right)$ time algorithm for counting all $k$-sub-cadences for given $k$.
  We can also locate these occurrences
  in $O\left(\frac{n \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}\sqrt{\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn}+\occ\right)$ time.
  These algorithms run in $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

These time complexities are at least as fast as Algorithm 2 for $k$-sub-cadences.
Moreover, if the value of $k$ is neither constant nor $\Omega(n)$,
this algorithm is faster than Algorithm 2
because $\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn$ will be $o(n^2)$.
Note that when we count all $k$-sub-cadences,
for a constant size alphabet,
this algorithm is faster than Algorithm 3
if $k$ is $o(\sqrt{n \log n})$.
(This is because $\frac{n}{k}+k^2$ will be $o(n \log n)$.)
Also, for a general ordered alphabet,
this algorithm is faster
if $k$ is $o(\log n)$.
(This is because $k \sqrt{k} \sqrt{\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn}$ will be $o\left(n \sqrt{\log n}\right)$
and then $kn^2+k^4n$ will be $o(n^2 \log n)$.)
When we locate all $k$-sub-cadences,
for a constant size alphabet (resp. for a general ordered alphabet),
if $|\kc|$ is $o(\frac{n^2}{k})$
and $k$ is $o(\sqrt{n \log n})$ (resp. $o(\log n)$)
then this algorithm is faster.

First, we will show that (the size of) $\kc$ can be obtained by using the similar techniques of Algorithm 2 of a character, and then we will show how to speed up.

Again, each $(i,d)$ has to satisfy the following formulas:
$i \leq d$ and $i+kd > n$,
that is $n-kd < i \leq d$.
Then let $R_d[1..n]$ be the binary sequence defined as follows:
\[R_d[i] :=
\begin{cases}
   $1$ &\textup{if $n-kd < i \leq d$}, \\
   $0$ &\textup{otherwise}.
\end{cases}\]
Let $Q'_d = Q_d \texttt{ \& } R_d$.
If $Q'_d[i]=1$, $(i,d)$ is a $k$-cadence.
Since $R_d$ and $Q'_d$ can be computed in $O(\frac{n}{\log n})$ time,
this algorithm runs in the same time complexity as Algorithm 2.

Now we show how to speed up this algorithm.
In the above algorithm,
we obtain $Q'_d$ by masking $Q_d$.
However, to calculate $k$-cadences, we need only the range $[n-kd..d]$ of the sequence, and it is useless to calculate other ranges.
Therefore, we compute $Q'_d$ by the following operations:
$Q'_d = \delta_c[n-kd+1..d] \texttt{ \& } (\delta_c \texttt{ << } d)[n-kd+1..d] \texttt{ \& } (\delta_c \texttt{ << } 2d)[n-kd+1..d] \texttt{ \& } \cdots \texttt{ \& } (\delta_c \texttt{ << } (k-1)d)[n-kd+1..d] = \delta_c[n-kd+1..d] \texttt{ \& } \delta_c[n-(k-1)d+1..2d] \texttt{ \& } \delta_c[n-(k-2)d+1..3d] \texttt{ \& } \cdots \texttt{ \& } \delta_c[n-(k-m+1)d+1..md]$.
The length of range $[n-kd+1..d]$ is at most $(k+1)d-n$ with $\lceil \frac{n}{k+1} \rceil \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \rfloor$.
We can compute all $Q'_d$ for $\lceil \frac{n}{k+1} \rceil \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \rfloor$\\
in $\sum_{d=\lceil \frac{n}{k+1} \rceil}^{\lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \rfloor}\left(\frac{(k+1)d-n}{\log n}k\right)$ time.
Then,
\footnotesize
\begin{align*}
  & \sum_{d=\left\lceil \frac{n}{k+1} \right\rceil}^{\left\lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor}\left(\frac{(k+1)d-n}{\log n}k\right) \\
  & =\sum_{d=1}^{\left\lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \right\rfloor}\left(\frac{(k+1)d-n}{\log n}k\right)-\sum_{d=1}^{\left\lceil \frac{n}{k+1} \right\rceil-1}\left(\frac{(k+1)d-n}{\log n}k\right) \\
  & =\frac{k}{\log n} \left( (k+1)\frac{\left\lfloor\frac{n-1}{k-1}\right\rfloor\left(\left\lfloor\frac{n-1}{k-1}\right\rfloor+1\right)}{2}-\left\lfloor\frac{n-1}{k-1}\right\rfloor n \right. \\ & \left. \qquad -(k+1)\frac{\left\lceil\frac{n}{k+1}\right\rceil\left(\left\lceil\frac{n}{k+1}\right\rceil-1\right)}{2} +\left(\left\lceil\frac{n}{k+1}\right\rceil-1\right)n\right) \\
  & < \frac{1}{2 \log n}\left( \frac{4n^2+n(k^3+k^2-5k-5)-k^3+3k+2}{(k-1)^2}+ 3nk +k^2 +k\right).
\end{align*}
\normalsize

$\frac{1}{2 \log n}\left( \frac{4n^2+n(k^3+k^2-5k-5)-k^3+3k+2}{(k-1)^2}+ 3nk +k^2 +k\right)$ is at most $O(\frac{1}{\log n}( \frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn))$.\\
Therefore, we can count all $k$-cadences of a character in $O(\frac{1}{\log n}( \frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn))$ time.
For a locating algorithm and for a general ordered alphabet,
we can use same techniques of the above section.
Therefore we get Theorem~\ref{theo:k-cadences-2}.

From the above, we obtain the following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:k-cadences}
  For a constant size alphabet (resp. for a general ordered alphabet),
  all $k$-cadences with given $k$ can be counted in
  $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{1}{\log n}\left(\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn\right)\right\}\right)$ time\\ (resp. $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}\sqrt{\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn}\right\}\right)$ time) and $O(n)$ space,
  and can be located in\\
  $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{1}{\log n}\left(\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn\right)+\occ\right\}\right)$ time\\(resp. $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}\sqrt{\frac{n^2}{k^2}+kn}+\occ\right\}\right)$ time) and $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

\section{Detecting k-Sub-Cadences}\label{sec:k-sub-cadences}

In this section,
we consider algorithms for detecting $k$-sub-cadences.

\subsection*{Algorithm 1}
One of the most simple methods is as follows:
For each distance $d$ $(1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1}\rfloor)$,
we construct text
$ST_d=T[1]\cdot T[1+d]\cdots T[1+d \lfloor \frac{n-1}{d}\rfloor]\cdot\$ \cdot T[2]\cdot T[2+d]\cdots T[2+d \lfloor \frac{n-2}{d}\rfloor]\cdot \$ \cdots T[d]\cdot T[2d]\cdots T[d \lfloor \frac{n}{d}\rfloor]$
of length $n+d-1$.
If we would like to find $k$-sub-cadences with $d$ in text $T$, we find concatenations of the same character of length $k$ as substrings in $ST_d$.
\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering{
    \includegraphics[width=0.70\linewidth]{alg1_fix_size.pdf}
  }
  \caption{Preprocessing for Algorithm 1.}
  \label{fig:3split}
\end{figure}

Fig.~\ref{fig:3split} is an example of 3-split text.
In this figure, the strings in the middle row are called \emph{$d$-skip strings}, and
the string on the bottom is called the \emph{$d$-split text $ST_d$}.
In $ST_d$, we use a symbol $\$\notin\Sigma$
in order to prevent detecting false occurrences concatenation of same character of the length $k$ across
the ends of $d$-skip strings as a $k$-sub-cadence.
The text obtained by concatenating all $ST_d$ for all $1\leq d \leq \lfloor
\frac{n-1}{k-1}\rfloor$ and $\$$ is called the \emph{split text}.
If we prepare the split text,
we can compute $\ksc$ simply by checking
that the same character is repeated $k$ times.

The length of $ST_d$ is at most $n+d$ including $\$$.
The maximum value of $d$ is $\lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1}\rfloor$, and therefore, the
number of $ST_d$ of text $T$ is at most $\lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \rfloor$.
Hence, the length of the split text of $T$ is $O(\frac{n^2}{k})$.
We can check that the same character is repeated $k$ times in the split text in $O(\frac{n^2}{k})$ time.
Although we have presented the split text to ease the description, it does not have to be constructed explicitly.

From the above, we can get the following result.
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:k-sub-1}
  There is an algorithm for locating all $k$-sub-cadences
  for given $k$ $(1 \leq k \leq n)$
  which uses $O\left(\frac{n^2}{k}\right)$ time and $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

As can be seen from the example of $T=\mathtt{a}^n$, $|\ksc|$ can be $\Omega(\frac{n^2}{k})$.
Therefore, when we locate all $(i,d) \in \ksc$,
this algorithm is optimal in the worst case.
In the next subsection,
we show a counting algorithm that is efficient when the value of $k$ is small.
Moreover, we show a locating algorithm that is efficient
when both the value of $k$ and $|\ksc|$ is small.

\subsection*{Algorithm 2}

In this subsection, we will show the following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:k-sub-2}
  For a constant size alphabet,
  there is an $O\left(\frac{n^2}{\log n}\right)$ time algorithm for counting all $k$-sub-cadences for given $k$.
  We can also locate these occurrences
  in $O\left(\frac{n^2}{\log n}+\occ\right)$ time,
  where $\occ$ is the number of the outputs.
  For a general ordered alphabet,
  there is an $O\left(\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}\right)$ time algorithm for counting all $k$-sub-cadences for given $k$.
  We can also locate these occurrences
  in $O\left(\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}+\occ\right)$ time.
  These algorithms run in $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

Note that for counting all $k$-sub-cadences,
for a constant size alphabet (resp. for a general ordered alphabet),
this algorithm is faster than Algorithm 1
if $k$ is $o(\log n)$ (resp. $o\left(\sqrt[3]{\log n}\right)$).
For locating all $k$-sub-cadences,
for a constant size alphabet (resp. for a general ordered alphabet),
if $|\ksc|$ is $o(\frac{n^2}{k})$
and $k$ is $o(\log n)$ (resp. $o\left(\sqrt[3]{\log n}\right)$),
then this algorithm is faster.

Now we will show how to count all $k$-sub-cadences
of character $c \in\Sigma$.
Let $\delta_c[1..n]$ be a binary sequence for character $c$ defined as follows:
\[\delta_c[i] :=
\begin{cases}
   $1$ &\textup{if $T[i] = c$}, \\ $0$ &\textup{if $T[i] \neq c$}.
\end{cases}\]

If $(i,d)$ is a $k$-sub-cadence,
$\delta_c[i]=\delta_c[i+d]=\cdots=\delta_c[i+(k-1)d]=1$.
Therefore we can check whether $(i,d)$ is a $k$-sub-cadence or not by computing $\delta_c[i] \cdot \delta_c[i+d] \cdots \delta_c[i+(k-1)d]$.
To compute this, we use bit-parallelism, i.e, the bit-wise operations AND and SHIFT\_LEFT, denoted by
$\texttt{\&}$ and $\texttt{<<}$,
respectively, as in the C language.
For each $d$ $(1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \rfloor)$,
let $Q_d = \delta_c \texttt{ \& } (\delta_c \texttt{ << } d) \texttt{ \& } (\delta_c \texttt{ << } 2d) \texttt{ \& } \cdots \texttt{ \& } (\delta_c \texttt{ << } (k-1)d)$.
If $Q_d[i]=1$, $(i,d)$ is a $k$-sub-cadence.
See Figure~\ref{fig:alg2} for a concrete example.
\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering{
    \includegraphics[width=0.70\linewidth]{alg2_fix_size.pdf}
  }
  \caption{Let $T=\mathtt{caaacaabaabaabcabc}$.
  $(3,3)$, $(4,3)$, and $(7,3)$ are $4$-sub-cadences of character `$\mathtt{a}$' with $d=3$.}
  \label{fig:alg2}
\end{figure}

If we want to count all $k$-sub-cadences with $d$,
we only have to count the number of $1$'s in $Q_d$.
If we want to locate all $k$-sub-cadences with $d$,
we have to locate all $1$'s in $Q_d$.

In the word RAM model,
SHIFT\_LEFT and AND operations can be done in
constant time per operation on bit sequences of length $O(\log n)$.
Since $\delta_c$ is a binary sequence of length $n$,
one SHIFT\_LEFT or AND operation can be done in $O(\frac{n}{\log n})$ time.
Therefore, $Q_d$ can be obtained in $O(k \frac{n}{\log n})$ time.
Since it is known that the number of $1$'s in a bit sequence of length $O(\log n)$ can be obtained in $O(1)$ time by using the ``popcnt'' operation,
the number of $1$'s in $Q_d$ can be counted in $O(\frac{n}{\log n})$ time.
Hence, for all $1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \rfloor$, we can count all $k$-sub-cadences of character $c$ in
$O\left(k \frac{n}{\log n} \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \rfloor + \frac{n}{\log n} \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1} \rfloor\right) \subseteq O(\frac{n^2}{\log n})$ time.
Also it is known that the position of the rightmost $1$ (the least significant set bit) in a bit sequence of length $O(\log n)$ can be answered in constant time.
We split $Q_d$ into $O(\frac{n}{\log n})$ blocks of length $O(\log n)$.
For each block,
the least significant set bit can be found in $O(1)$ time if the block contains at least one $1$.
After finding the least significant set bit,
we mask this bit to $0$ and do the above operation again.
Bit mask operation can be done in $O(1)$ time.
Hence, we can answer all the positions of $1$'s in $Q_d$
in $O(\frac{n}{\log n} + \occ)$ time.
Therefore, we can locate all $k$-sub-cadences of character $c$ in $O(\frac{n^2}{\log n} + \occ)$ time.

We showed how to detect all $k$-sub-cadences
of character $c$,
so we can detect all $k$-sub-cadences by doing the above operations for each character in $\Sigma$.
For a constant size alphabet,
since we only do the above operations a constant number of times,
we can count all $k$-sub-cadences in $O(\frac{n^2}{\log n})$ time.
We can also locate these occurrences in $O(\frac{n^2}{\log n} + \occ)$ time.
However, for a general ordered alphabet,
we have to do the above operations $|\Sigma|$ times.

For a general ordered alphabet,
if the number of occurrences of the character is small,
we use another algorithm that generalizes Amir et al.'s algorithm~\cite{Cadences_Amir} for detecting $3$-cadences to $k$-sub-cadences:
Let $N_c$ be the set of positions which are occurrences of a character $c$.
If we pick two positions in $N_c$ and regard the smaller one as the starting position $i$ of $k$-sub-cadences and the larger one as the second position $i+d$ of a $k$-sub-cadence, then the distance $d$ is uniquely determined.
We can check whether the pair $(i,d)$ is a $k$-sub-cadence or not in $O(k)$ time.
Since the number of pairs is at most $|N_c|^2$,
we can count or locate $k$-sub-cadences of character $c$ in $O(k|N_c|^2)$ time.

Thus, for a general ordered alphabet,
all $k$-sub-cadences can be counted in\\
$O(\sum_{c \in \Sigma}^{} \min\{k|N_c|^2, \frac{n^2}{\log n}\})$ time.
Since $O(\sum_{c \in \Sigma}^{} \min\{k|N_c|^2, \frac{n^2}{\log n}\})$ is maximized when\\ $k|N_c|^2=\frac{n^2}{\log n}$,
$O(\sum_{c \in \Sigma}^{} \min\{k|N_c|^2, \frac{n^2}{\log n}\}) \subseteq O(\sum_{c \in \Sigma}^{} \frac{n^2}{\log n}) \subseteq O((\sum_{c \in \Sigma}^{} |N_c|) \frac{n \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}) \subseteq O(\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}})$. Therefore we can count in $O(\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}})$ time by using Algorithm 2 and the generalized algorithm described above algorithm.
Also, all $k$-sub-cadences can be located in
$O(\sum_{c \in \Sigma}^{} \min\{k|N_c|^2, \frac{n^2}{\log n}+\occ_c\})$ time
where $\occ_c$ is the number of $k$-sub-cadences of character $c$.
Since $O(\sum_{c \in \Sigma}^{} \min\{k|N_c|^2, \frac{n^2}{\log n}+\occ_c\}) \subseteq O(\sum_{c \in \Sigma}^{} \min\{k|N_c|^2, \frac{n^2}{\log n}\}+\occ) \subseteq O(\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}+ \occ)$,
we can locate in $O(\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}+ \occ)$ time.

From the above, we obtain the following result:
\begin{theorem} \label{theo:k-sub-cadences}
  For a constant size alphabet (resp. for a general ordered alphabet),
  all $k$-sub-cadences with given $k$ can be counted in
  $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n^2}{\log n}\right\}\right)$ time\\ (resp. $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}\right\}\right)$ time) and $O(n)$ space,
  and can be located in\\
  $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n^2}{\log n}+\occ\right\}\right)$ time (resp. $O\left(\min\left\{\frac{n^2}{k},\frac{n^2 \sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\log n}}+\occ\right\}\right)$ time) and $O(n)$ space.
\end{theorem}

\section{Preliminaries}\label{sec:preliminaries}

Let $\Sigma$ be the \emph{alphabet}.
An element of $\Sigma^*$ is called a \emph{string}.
The length of a string $T$ is denoted by $|T|$.
String $s \in \Sigma^{*}$ is said to be a \emph{subsequence} of string
$T \in \Sigma^{*}$ if $s$ can be obtained by removing zero or more
characters from $T$.

For a string $T$ and an integer $1 \leq i \leq |T|$,
$T[i]$ denotes the $i$-th character of $T$.
For two integers $1 \leq i \leq j \leq |T|$,
$T[i..j]$ denotes the substring of $T$
that begins at position $i$ and ends at position $j$.
For convenience, let $T[i..j] = \varepsilon$ when $i > j$.

\subsection{k-(Sub-)Cadences}

The term ``cadence'' has been used in slightly different ways in the literature (e.g., see~\cite{Cadences_Gardelle, Cadences_Lothaire, Cadences_Amir}).
In this paper, we use the definitions of cadences and sub-cadences which are used in~\cite{Cadences_Amir} and~\cite{Funakoshi_STACS2020}.

For integers $i$ and $d$, the pair $(i,d)$ is called a
\emph{$k$-sub-cadence} of $T \in \Sigma^{n}$
if $T[i] = T[i+d] = T[i+2d] = \cdots = T[i+(k-1)d]$,
where  $1 \leq i \leq n$ and $1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1}\rfloor$.
The set of $k$-sub-cadences of $T$ can be
defined as follows:

\begin{definition}
For $T\in \Sigma^{n}$, $n \in \mathcal{N}$, and
$k \in [1..n]$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\ksc(T,k) = \left\{(i,d) \left|
\begin{array}{l}
T[i] = T[i+d] = T[i+2d] = \cdots = T[i+(k-1)d]\\
1 \leq i \leq n, 1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1}\rfloor
\end{array}
\right.
\right\}.
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{definition}

For integers $i$ and $d$, the pair $(i,d)$ is called a
\emph{$k$-cadence} of $T \in \Sigma^{n}$
if $(i,d)$ is a $k$-sub-cadence and
satisfies the inequalities $i-d \leq 0$ and $n < i+kd$.
The set of $k$-cadences of $T$ can be
defined as follows:

\begin{definition}
For $T\in \Sigma^{n}$, $n \in \mathcal{N}$, and
$k \in [1..n]$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\kc(T,k) = \left\{(i,d) \left|
\begin{array}{l}
T[i] = T[i+d] = T[i+2d] = \cdots = T[i+(k-1)d]\\
1 \leq i \leq n, 1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{k-1}\rfloor,
i-d \leq 0, n < i+kd
\end{array}
\right.
\right\}.
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{definition}

\subsection{Equidistant Subsequence Occurrences}
For integers $i$ and $d$, we say that pair $(i,d)$ is an
\emph{equidistant subsequence occurrence} of $P\in\Sigma^m$ in $T\in\Sigma^{n}$
if $P = T[i] \cdot T[i+d] \cdot T[i+2d] \cdots T[i+(m-1)d]$,
where  $1\leq i\leq n$ and $1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{m-1}\rfloor$.
The set of equidistant subsequence occurrences of $P$ in $T$ can be
defined as follows:

\begin{definition}
For $T\in \Sigma^{n}, P \in \Sigma^{m}$ and $n,m\in \mathcal{N}$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\esp(T,P) = \left\{(i,d) \left|
\begin{array}{l}
P=T[i] \cdot T[i+d] \cdot T[i+2d] \cdots T[i+(m-1)d]\\
1\leq i \leq n, 1\leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{m-1}\rfloor
\end{array}
\right.
\right\}.
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{definition}

\subsection{Equidistant Abelian Subsequence Occurrences}
Two strings $S_1$ and $S_2$ are said to be \emph{Abelian equivalent}
if $S_1$ is a permutation of $S_2$, or vice versa.
Now for integers $i$ and $d$, we say that pair $(i,d)$ is an
\emph{equidistant Abelian subsequence occurrence} of $P\in\Sigma^m$ in $T\in\Sigma^{n}$
if $T[i] \cdot T[i+d] \cdot T[i+2d] \cdots T[i+(m-1)d]$ and $P$ are Abelian equivalent,
where  $1\leq i\leq n$ and $1 \leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{m-1}\rfloor$.
The set of equidistant Abelian subsequence occurrences of $P$ in $T$ can be
defined as follows:

\begin{definition}
For $T\in \Sigma^{n}, P \in \Sigma^{m}$ and $n,m\in \mathcal{N}$,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\easp(T,P) = \left\{(i,d) \left|
\begin{array}{l}
T[i] \cdot T[i+d] \cdots T[i+(m-1)d] {\ \rm and \ } P {\ \rm are \ Abelian \ equivalent}\\
1\leq i \leq n, 1\leq d \leq \lfloor \frac{n-1}{m-1}\rfloor
\end{array}
\right.
\right\}.
\end{eqnarray*}
\end{definition}

When it is clear from the context, we denote $\ksc(T,k)$ as $\ksc$, $\kc(T,k)$ as $\kc$, and $\esp(T,P)$ as $\esp$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
In informatica, un Parser SLR è un parser LR che riconosce tabelle di parsing generate come per un parser LR(0), ma che effettua una riduzione con la regola grammaticale A → w solo se il simbolo successivo in input è nel follow set. Questo parser può evitare alcuni conflitti di tipo shift-reduce e reduce-reduce e può quindi funzionare con un numero maggiore di grammatiche. Non è tuttavia in grado di analizzare tutte le grammatiche libere dal contesto, come può  invece fare un parser LR(1). Una grammatica correttamente riconosciuta da un parser SLR viene detta grammatica SLR.

Esempio

La seguente grammatica può esser riconosciuta da un parser SLR ma non da un parser LR(0)::

 (1) E → 1 E
 (2) E → 1

Costruire la action table e la goto table come per un parser LR(0) darebbe il seguente insieme di item e tabelle:

 Item set 0
 S → • E
 + E → • 1 E
 + E → • 1

 Item set 1
 E → 1 • E
 E → 1 •
 + E → • 1 E
 + E → • 1

 Item set 2
 S → E •

 Item set 3
 E → 1 E •

Le tabelle di action e goto:

Come si può notare c'è un conflitto di tipo shift-reduce per lo stato 1 e il terminale '1'. Tuttavia, l'insieme dei follow di E è { $ } così le azioni di reduce r1 e r2 sono valide solamente per la colonna $. Il risultato è la seguente tabella priva di conflitti:

Algoritmo

 1 Inizializzare la pila con S
 2 Leggere il simbolo in input
 3 While (true), do:
 3.1 if Action(top(stack), input) = S
          NS <- Goto(top(stack),input)
          push NS
          Leggi il prossimo simbolo
 3.2 else if Action(top(stack), input) = Rk
          output k
          fai il pop |RHS| della produzione k dalla pila
          NS <- Goto(top(stack), LHS_k)
          push NS
 3.3 else if Action(top(stack),input) = A
          output corretto, return
     else
          output non valido, return

Collegamenti esterni
 Parsing Simulator Questo simulatore è concepito per aiutare lo studente a comprendere in tutta semplicità i vari passaggi per la costruzione delle tabelle di Parsing SLR. Utile per chi vuole esercitarsi sull'argomento

Parsing


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WEBINAR | Power, Leadership, and Community: Common Ground or Crisis?


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text:
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Formerly: Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergy Agents
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 8
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 8, 2009, Issue number 4
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 8, 2009, Issue number 1 - Free Issue
Claudiu T. Supuran
(62861 citations)
Neurofarba Department
University of Florence
Biography of Claudiu T. Supuran
CLAUDIU T. SUPURAN is professor of medicinal chemistry at the Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy. He has published more than 1250 papers, his Hirsch factor is h = 110; the number of citations since 1995 > 49800. His main research interest is on enzyme inhibitors, and especially carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, of which he discovered several new classes in the last years. One of the sulfonamides discovered in his group entered Phase I clinical trials in 2014 for the treatment of advanced, metastatic solid tumors. He is Editor-in-Chief of Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, Current Enzyme Inhibition, etc. For the last 25 years the main interest of his research was focused on metallo-enzymes and their modulators of activity. In 2013 he was rated as the most cited scientists in Pharmacology & Toxicology by LabTimes (LabTimes 2013, 5, 38).
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Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents was launched in 2002 and later renamed in 2006 as Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry.


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AV TechSource Grows R apidly As An O utsource Service Company F or AV Integrators
Tom Harm (pictured), Gary Harling, and Ben Barry launched AV TechSource in 2006.
There's more than one way to start an AV integration company.
Though fully capable of engineering their own AV systems, partners Gary Harling, Tom Harm, and Ben Barry decided to go in another direction. When they founded AV Tech- Source in January 2006, they chose instead to work on an outsource basis for other integrators.
"We looked at the market carefully and thought, why would we want to do the same thing in the same way as everyone else?" Harling recalled. "It was really a matter of focusing on what we do best, which is programming, service, and support, and let others do what they do best, which may include building the customer relationship and some—but perhaps not all—phases of the design and installation process."
The three partners all came from a service background, averaging over 18 years in the AV industry. Harling was the service manager for Midwest Visual in Chicago, IL; Harm worked for him as the senior technician, and Barry as a programmer and project coordinator. All three left when MCSi, which had purchased Midwest Visual, began to unravel. The three started up a service department for another Chicago-area integrator in 2003, and after two years left to start AV TechSource.
"One of the problems we saw after we left MCSi," Harling explained, "is that many smaller AV integrators, including the one we now worked for, just couldn't afford the high-end service and support infrastructure we were hoping to build. So at the end of 2005, we approached our employer, told him what we were thinking about, and asked if he'd be interested in using us on an outsource basis."
That idea worked well for both sides, and AV TechSource was launched. "We tried to make the transition as seamless as possible," Harling said. "I'm not sure if our clients' clients are even aware that they're dealing with an independent company. They call their dealer, he calls us, and a technician shows up at their door."
The partners began approaching other AV and sound contractors for installation work. "Finding the optimal staffing level is a challenge for any service business," Harling said. "Most companies try to hire enough staff to cover their average workload, but then they get behind during peak periods. They can offer better service if they hire to cover the peaks, but then they have people sitting around when it's not so busy."
With a resource like AV TechSource, an integrator can hold staff to a level that makes sense even when business is slow but bring in extra engineers and technicians for the busiest times. "It's true we charge more per hour than our clients pay their employees," Harling remarked, "but that's more than made up for by the fact that they don't have to pay for slack time, vacation time, or benefits."
AV TechSource focuses on programming, service, and support for its clients.
A nice boost to the new business came from manufacturers' rep Visitec Marketing Associates. "I asked Frank Weese [now retired] what he thought of our idea in starting this company," Harling said. "He not only encouraged us, but began to hire us for the installations that Visitec and Tandberg provide when a dealer requests their help."
Visitec was also instrumental in helping Harling and his partners secure Valued Independent Programmer status from AMX, which has proven a valuable source of new business for the company. "Programming is a real growth area for us," Harling noted. "It's something we can do efficiently for literally anyone anywhere in the world."
The partners have also built relationships with a number of out-ofstate integrators who need to provide warranty service for Chicago-area installations. For example, when BlueWater Technologies finished an installation in Chicago for Michigan- based Steelcase, they needed a better way to provide service than to send a crew out from Grand Rapids. "Our client needed a response time of less than four hours should a system go down," said BlueWater Director of Sales Mack Truax. "AV TechSource was the obvious choice to provide that."
According to Harling, the final phase of an installation, when the testing, fine tuning, and client training takes place, can be almost as difficult for an out of state contractor as covering warranty repairs. "We created our commissioning and training services specifically so that our clients could avoid having to send their most highly skilled people to far away locations. We can take a lot of the burden off an AV or sound contractor while raising the level of his service."


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Longshot Lobsta brings lobster rolls to Louisville's street food scene
The Connecticut Roll
The bright red food truck with the cartoon lobster on the sign didn't just happen; it is the product of circumstance, a little bit of luck and a plan.
Longshot Lobsta began selling its lobster rolls, bisque, chowder and biscuits a few weeks ago, but the idea goes back about four years, and really got rolling when co-owner Phil Goldsborough drew a floor plan. And it was a full-scale floor plan, at that.
"Phil drew it out on his garage floor with his kids' sidewalk chalk," said his business partner, Rick Torres.
"We did a floor plan," Goldsborough reiterates, "on the garage floor."
The plan was, essentially, to give them an idea of how much space they'd have in which to cook and serve their sandwiches and soups; he sketched out where the freezer would be, the warmer, the sink, etc.
More important than the size of the interior, however, is what is created there: lobster rolls, including traditional cold lobster tossed in mayo, celery and seasoning; Maine-style, tossed in Greek yogurt, celery and seasoning, and Connecticut style, served hot and dripping with melted butter.
Here's how the concept was originally hatched: The pair was on a trip to New Jersey a few years ago when they noticed a crowd of people around a food truck – it was impossible to even tell what was selling.
Longshot Lobsta food truck
"There was a line, and it was deep," Goldsborough said. "And they were only selling one thing – one item. All they asked you [at the window] was how many you wanted."
Those items, of course, were lobster rolls.
Goldsborough and Torres are both restaurant industry veterans who've known each other since they were teenagers. Goldsborough formerly owned Longshot's Tavern in Clifton (thus the name Longshot Lobsta) and worked at a number of other restaurants around town, while Torres was a chef at Jack Fry's and others, and is the former proprietor of Alameda, which was located in the space on Bardstown Road now occupied by Impellizerri's.
They get their lobster from Bluefin Seafood and Clearwater Seafood here in town and, based on the Connecticut lobster roll I had, the stuff is darn fresh. Heck, after taking the first bite of the flavorful sandwich, I began to wonder if they were hiding a lobster tank in that truck somewhere.
Torres said at a recent outing at Headliners Music Hall they sold 45 to 50 rolls, proof these things may be catching on already. Also, the bisque has been popular. Longshot Lobsta also sells New England-style clam chowder and cheddar bay biscuits. Rolls are 10 bucks each, soups are four bucks each, and a "Pick Two" combo with a roll and soup is $12. Biscuits come with the bisque or chowder, and are just a buck each a la carte.
"When they were leaving" the Headliners show, Torres said, "the drunk people were just buying biscuits."
Cheddar biscuits
Hey, Longshot Lobsta even makes for good sober-up food.
While they plan to keep the menu fairly simple to help ensure quick turnaround on orders and shorter waits, Torres said the plan is to add oysters on the halfshell, shrimp cocktails and possibly grouper bites in March. They also may add a salad version of the traditional roll, served on a bed of greens rather than in bread.
"We want to keep it as healthy as we can," Goldsborough said.
The Connecticut roll I had was so buttery that healthfulness may have gone right out the window, but the big chunks of tender claw, knuckle and tail meat sure did hit the spot. It's one of those sandwiches you can't seem to eat fast enough, and not just because of the hot butter dripping down your fingers and onto your hand. The thing was just that tasty.
Goldsborough actually left the area for a while, which is why he sold Longshot's in the first place. Upon his return, he simply was wondering what the heck to do. He and Torres recalled those lobster rolls in Jersey and set their plan in action. The result has been full circle and, so far, worth the wait.
"Here I am," Goldsborough, "back in a restaurant, sitting on Bardstown Road."
Longshot Lobsta's Facebook page is updated daily to inform lobster lovers of their whereabouts. Today they'll be at 6th and Chestnut downtown for lunch, and then at Headliners Music Hall starting at 7 p.m.


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Iranian Journal of
Wed, Jan 20, 2021 | فارسی [Archive]
Volume 2, Issue 1 And 2 (23 2006) irje 2006, 2(1 And 2): 1-6 | Back to browse issues page
Vahdaninia M, Montazeri A. Socio-Economic Health Inequalities and their Indices in Epidemiologic Studies. irje. 2006; 2 (1 and 2) :1-6
URL: http://irje.tums.ac.ir/article-1-190-en.html
Socio-Economic Health Inequalities and their Indices in Epidemiologic Studies
M Vahdaninia 1, A Montazeri
Abstract: (22406 Views)
The term "health inequalities" is not a descriptive one: it refers to discrepancies in morbidity and mortality, life expectancy, disability life adjusted years, etc that are due to differences in such factors as socioeconomic status, gender and race/ethnicity. Socio-economic inequalities are the differences in health status (e.g. disease prevalence and incidence rates) across various socio-economic groups. In Europe, measuring socio-economic health inequalities has long been a major research topic. However, there have been relatively few experimental studies in Asia, especially in developing countries. In the social context, measurement of socio-economic status is based on income, educational level and employment status. Stratifying the socio-economic groups based on a hierarchy identifies the pattern of morbidity and mortality in each socio-economic stratum. It also shows the exact relationship between socio-economic status and health. The main data sources for determination of population health status and measuring health inequalities are registries and cross-sectional surveys. It seems that monitoring, prevention and evaluation of health inequalities, especially with a focus on socio-economic level has been neglected in developing countries, including Iran. Due to the lack of formal registries on population health status in these countries, designing cross-sectional and population-based studies would be a useful approach in the prevention and monitoring of health inequalities.
Keywords: Health inequalities, Socio-economic inequalities in health, Socio-economic status, Epidemiologic studies
Full-Text [PDF 1066 kb] (3958 Downloads)
Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
Received: 2006/05/7 | Accepted: 2006/10/3 | Published: 2013/09/18
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How would you feel is you woke up in a medieval castle tomorrow morning? What would your bed be like? What would you eat? What sights and smells would be around you? Whisking you back in time, this book will show you exactly what it would be like to be there.


pinzarrone2 just submitted this entry to The Peace Project's International Call-for-Artists. Check it out and do your art for Peace.
Making my part of earth better, more colorful.
Improvement, respect and a chance to inspire. There is always room to make things better.
This work is a study of how nature and power rhyme. It is a glimpse into my world of candy-colored sensual puzzles displayed on high gloss aluminum. Can I draw you in closer to feel comforted yet disturbed? Is this science fiction? Science illustration? The viewer is pulled in to play and explore.... and wonder if these are mirrors.
This work is digital.... I use CAD [computer-aided-design] software for geometrical elements, fractal software for patterns, painting software for digital airbrush & air erasure and digital photography to show you my world. The mandalas are built up using [up to 27 so far] transparent layers. Sometimes after they are compressed, I wrap them around figures and build up 15 to 20 additional transparent layers. Their skin is my canvas and the viewer struggles to determine if they're photographs of tattoos, painted figures or something else. Some of the work is printed on high gloss aluminum, some printed on metallic film and bonded to the reverse side of clear plexiglas.
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Harrington HealthCare System will host a major fundraising gala this summer with net proceeds to benefit its Southbridge-based Cancer Center.
On any given day, the campus of Nichols College in Dudley presents itself as the very definition of idyllic.
That was certainly the case on February 19 as students could be seen strolling the snow-covered grounds of the school in and around Center Road, solidifying the sense of serenity that prevails.


All my text books is in excellent condition and FOR SALE.
I am willing to post to buyers at their own cost fro postage.
Contact Claudette 0761627667 or whats app.
R 1 400.00 for an obsolete book ?
You can buy the 3rd Edition (which is prescribed) for R 509.00 new, including delivery.