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Home /2:00PM Water Cooler 5/27/2019
UncategorizedMay 27, 2019
2:00PM Water Cooler 5/27/2019
By Lambert Strether of Corrente.
Readers, this is Memorial Day, which I would normally take off. However, I'm going to be doing some traveling later in the week, so you get a Water Cooler today to make up for the open threads you'll get later in the week. –Lambert
"Port Report: Maersk issues downbeat outlook on world trade" [Freight Waves]. "'The moderation of container demand growth reflects a broad-based slowdown in all the main economies, following the recovery of 2016 and 2017, as well as negative effects from fast-forwarding of U.S. imports in the fourth quarter 2018 when retailers prepared for a tariff hike,' Maersk said in a statement."
States Trump is unlikely to win (NY, CA, IL) or are a lock (TX):
These 5 U.S. states depend on China the most for jobs https://t.co/TqklNh5lsw
— ian bremmer (@ianbremmer) May 27, 2019
"But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?" –James Madison, Federalist 51
"They had one weapon left and both knew it: treachery." –Frank Herbert, Dune
"2020 Democratic Presidential Nomination" [RealClearPolitics] (RCP average of five polls). Biden (38.3% 34.7%) and Sanders (18.8% 17.7%) both drop, Warren, Harris, Buttigieg up, as of May 23.
Biden (D)(1): "Choosing Battles" [Amber A'Lee Frost, The Baffler]. "If you are among those Democrat voters who find Biden's actions damning, you are likely a part of a progressive feminist-minded cultural minority—one that is overrepresented in entertainment and media, but whose cultural values don't resonate with the vast majority of Americans—men or women. The elusive subjectivity of the professional managerial class is a recurring theme of their political failures. Just look at all the high profile women who found Hillary Clinton 'inspiring' and assumed every other woman would do so as well. Liberals often have little to no understanding of the political landscape. They emphasize categories like 'women' when what they really mean is 'a few specific women.'" • Somebody should take out a business model patent on creating category errors.
Buttigieg (D)(1): "Buttigieg pushes for massive fundraising haul to cement top-tier status" [Politico]. "Buttigieg is encouraging moneyed supporters to juice his campaign's fundraising with a new bundling program, details of which were recently circulated to some donors and obtained by POLITICO. Members at different levels of the program pledge to raise anywhere from $25,000 to $250,000 for Buttigieg over the course of the primary campaign and receive special perks, including briefings with the candidate and senior campaign staff." • Ooooh, perks!
Gravel (D)(1):
The wealthiest 10% of Americans control 70% of the nation's total wealth – and almost everyone telling you inequality doesn't 'really matter' comes from that bracket. It is not moral for almost everything created in this country to be owned by so few.https://t.co/27ZngCCJl1
— Sen. Mike Gravel (@MikeGravel) May 26, 2019
Sanders (D)(1):
I was right about Vietnam.
I was right about Iraq.
I will do everything in my power to prevent a war with Iran.
I apologize to no one. pic.twitter.com/Lna3oBZMKB
— Bernie Sanders (@SenSanders) May 24, 2019
Sen. @SenSanders: We Have An Agenda That Speaks To The Needs Of Workers & The African American Community https://t.co/MgSGdbkzcq #RolandMartinUnfiltered pic.twitter.com/88jwQJNvXO
— rolandsmartin (@rolandsmartin) May 24, 2019
Good move by Sanders going on this show (here's the YouTube).
Sanders (D)(3): "Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders tours the River Region, decries inequality across the area" [Montgomery Advertiser]. "His first visit brought him to the doublewide home of Pamela Rush, a woman living in Tyler, Alabama in rural Lowndes County. She has straight-pipe plumbing, where the sewage from her home that drains directly onto the ground outside — an issue that the Montgomery Advertiser wrote extensively about in a series last summer." • Scroll down to the end for the photo at the Mt. Zion AME Church in Montgomery, AL (on a Monday, not a Sunday). Sanders looks to be getting a not unfriendly response from the people behind him; I can't judge whether its enthusiastic by the standards for the congregation. I also don't know the layout of the church, so I don't know who the people behind him are: the chorus, the vestry, a Committee, organizers of the event… Nonetheless, a smart and well-advanced move by the Sanders campaign.
Sanders (D)(4): "Sanders, 'Disgusting' and 'Pushy'. I am 'Scum': A Pulitzer Winner Speaks" [John Halle]. "So universal is the hatred for Sanders among the elite media class that the poster simply assumed that he could issue his one word attack ['disgusting'] and receive universal approval in the comment thread. When I failed to deliver it, he referred to me as not being 'house broken.'" • Well worth read for the detail. Lotta venom being carried around in those NPR tote bags.
Realignment and Legitimacy
"The Battle For Ballot Access is a Century Old. It's Time to Break it Open" [Black Agenda Report]. "In 1916 a socialist ran for president of the United States…. The 1916 socialist candidate got 600,000 votes, about 3% of the total…. In 1920, another socialist, Eugene Victor Debs ran for president. By then a widespread crackdown on socialists in public life was underway, and Debs was imprisoned for his opposition to World War 1. Debs got 900,000 votes, 4% of the total cast from his cell in a federal prison in Indiana…. In 1924 another socialist, Robert LaFollette ran for president on the ticket of the Progressive Party and got 5 million votes, one sixth of the total votes cast for president that year. The establishment was in a sort of panic. The lords of capital, the bankers, the industrialists, represented today as they were a hundred years ago by the Democrats and the Republicans were not about to allow themselves to be simply voted out of power. So they passed a briar patch of restrictive laws on the state level to make it increasingly difficult or impossible for socialist candidates to get on the ballot in the first place. These barriers to ballot access are so high,and have been in place so long that the left has for the most part accepted them like laws of gravity, unspoken, immutable, unchangeable and unnoticed." • Very good (and this is where I picked up that Howie Hawkins is the presumptive Green candidate for President in 2020. Good!)
I had no idea that non-citizen voting was ever a thing. Thread:
Non-citizen voting basically happened in three waves in American history:
1. Immediate post-revolutionary fervor, but it died down in the wave of constitutional reforms that ran from 1776-1830. Ultimately, "all taxpayers vote" changed to "all adult white male citizens vote"
— Lyman Expand the House Stone, AKA 石來民 (@lymanstoneky) May 27, 2019
Somebody in the US should copy this:
"All this anti-immigration, anti-foreigner shite is doing is dividing the working class when we should be uniting against the bastards who lord over us."pic.twitter.com/c6QuJfgu0s
— Waleed Shahid (@_waleedshahid) May 25, 2019
"Stop the nonsensical generational warfare" [The Week]. "Such generalizations are nearly always nonsense — motivated by a desire to score points in a present-day ideological dispute by assigning all of the people born between certain years to one side of a fractured political debate." • Yep. A way of signaling about political outcomes without thinking about how to build the political power to achieve them.
Stats Watch
There are no statistics today; the markets are closed.
Commodities: "In Malaysia, a snag in US search for alternative to Chinese rare earths" [South China Morning Post]. "[T]he extraction of these important elements is a dirty business that brings environmental damage many countries are unwilling to tolerate, and the squabbles born from this 'not in my backyard' attitude are being seen in Malaysia…. [The extraction of these important elements is a dirty business that brings environmental damage many countries are unwilling to tolerate, and the squabbles born from this "not in my backyard" attitude are being seen in Malaysia…. The US-China trade war, said the current chairman of Save Malaysia Stop Lynas, Tan Bun Teet, had put pressure on Lynas to find solutions in a short space of time. But in February, Lynas auditors flagged a material risk to the business after the firm said it would not be able to export the water leach purification residue by September 2, the date its licence expires." • The article includes some photos of a rare earth mine in China. The working conditions look awful, and I'm sure contamination is high, too.
Tech: "Let's make laptops from radium. How's that for planned obsolescence?" [The Register (Vlade)]. "Still, the principle of manufacturing products from fast-degrading materials could, to coin a phrase, strike two politicians with the same milkshake. Rather than wasting all that R&D expense on coming up with better hardware – or at least PR expense tricking customers into believing that's what you've done – manufacturers could design products that actually need replacing. No more thinking up hidden ways for your branded kit to slow down and eventually stop working! Just build them so they physically fall to bits after a pre-determined period!"
Tech: "Opening the machine learning black box" [Bank Underground]. "We have seen that machine learning models can be evaluated and communicated very similarly to linear regression models using the Shapley regression framework. This is likely to help decision makers to make the most of the advantages of these models. On a broader level this may also help to accelerate advances in AI research. Particularly in the presence of ever larger and richer datasets (Big Data), this approach can help to make state-of-the-art models more transparent and reduce or even avoid biases." • I can't evaluate this article technically. But perhaps we have some banking experts — that's the field to which the "the Shapley regression framework" will be applied — can chime in.
Rapture Index: Closes up one on earthquakes. "An 8.0 quake hits South America" [Rapture Ready]. Record High, October 10, 2016: 189. Current: 181. Remember that bringing on the rapture is a good thing. (It's been awhile since I looked at the Rapture Index; it's still hovering just above the 180 floor.
The Biosphere
"Exploring the Origins of the Apple" [Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History]. "Several recent genetic studies have demonstrated that the modern apple is a hybrid of at least four wild apple populations, and researchers have hypothesized that the Silk Road trade routes were responsible for bringing these fruits together and causing their hybridization. Archaeological remains of apples in the form of preserved seeds have been recovered from sites across Eurasia, and these discoveries support the idea that fruit and nut trees were among the commodities that moved on these early trade routes. Spengler recently summarized the archaeobotanical and historical evidence for cultivated crops on the Silk Road in a book titled Fruit from the Sands, published with the University of California Press. The apple holds a deep connection with the Silk Road – much of the genetic material for the modern apple originated at the heart of the ancient trade routes in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kazakhstan. Furthermore, the process of exchange caused the hybridization events that gave rise to the large red sweet fruits in our produce markets."
"Cost of flood buyouts has been rising over past decade" [Associated Press]. "The residents of [Mosby, MO, a] small riverside town have become accustomed to watching floods swamp their streets, transform their homes into islands and ruin their floors and furniture…. Finally fed up, [Elmer] Sullivan and nearly half of the homeowners in Mosby signed up in 2016 for a program in which the government would buy and then demolish their properties rather than paying to rebuild them over and over. They're still waiting for offers, joining thousands of others across the country in a slow-moving line to escape from flood-prone homes….. Over the past three decades, federal and local governments have poured more than $5 billion into buying tens of thousands of vulnerable properties across the country…. The AP analysis shows those buyouts have been getting more expensive, with many of the costliest coming in the last decade after strong storms pounded heavily populated coastal states such as Texas, New York and New Jersey. This year's record flooding in the Midwest could add even more buyouts to the queue. The purchases are happening as the climate changes."
"Climate change can drive animals into vulnerable state of low genetic diversity" [Earth.com]. "An international team of researchers led by Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin has discovered that the alpine marmot has the least genetic diversity of any known animal to date. A genome study revealed that the species lost its genetic diversity during extreme climate events and has never been able to recover… 'Our study shows that climate change can have extremely long-term effects on the genetic diversity of a species. This had not previously been shown in such clear detail,' explained Dr. Ralser. 'When a species displays very little genetic diversity, this can be due to climate events which occurred many thousands of years ago. It is remarkable that the alpine marmot managed to survive for thousands of years despite its low genetic diversity.'"
"'Avoid' PFAS foam, new Michigan signs warn" [Mlive (MN)]. "The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is posting signs about the foam in advance of Memorial Day weekend [Van Etten Lake shoreline adjacent to the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda]. The signs follow a DHHS warning last month that people should avoid touching the foam, which is known to contain high PFAS levels… Pushback against health advisories is not new to Oscoda, where signs posted in 2012 warning people not to consume fish due to PFAS have been stolen or shot full of bullet holes."
"Anarchist Arya Stark: This Game of Thrones Meme Breaks Down Characters by Political Organizing Tactics" [Teen Vogue]. I think this is the best one: "Speaking of Dany (Emilia Clarke), she doesn't fare much better in this meme than her character does in the show. Dany is 'The Nonprofit Executive Director' who 'Lets her ego drive all her decisions … [then] burns out.' The analogy here is to someone running a major nonprofit organization who might be in it more for themselves than for the cause — something that rings true with Dany." • Ouch!
"'Game of Thrones,' War Crimes, and the American Conscience" [Foreign Policy]. "Audiences were horrified when, in the penultimate episode of Game of Thrones, Daenerys Targaryen, a leader often portrayed as a human rights defender, torched a city full of terrified civilians from astride her dragon…. Like survey experiments, pop culture—and audiences' reaction to it—can be a window into a society's values. What Game of Thrones has revealed more clearly than any survey is that most Americans care more about fighting wars justly than some political scientists would have us believe…. In a working paper recently presented at the International Studies Association, we asked 2,250 Americans whether or not they agreed with the statement that targeting civilians in war is categorically wrong. Eighty percent "strongly agreed" or "somewhat agreed" with this statement…. Respondents were also asked to explain their answers: Why is it wrong to target civilians? The results were striking. Many of those who strongly agreed that targeting civilians is wrong refused to even answer. They declined to weigh cost-benefit calculations or consider the moral culpability of the civilian population or even invoke such explanations as the Geneva Conventions. 'It's just wrong,' they said in their open-ended comments. Or: 'You just can't.' One wrote: 'Why would you even ask such a thing?'… [W]atching beloved characters turn into war criminals will always be deeply disturbing for American audiences." • Good thing the Presidency isn't a television series, eh? I have mixed feelings about this piece. On the one hand, for a country whose population doesn't like to burn cities from the air, we've certainly done our fair share of it. On the other, it makes sense that moral thinking about war among the general population would be more nuanced than academics expect; and the since we live in an oligarchy, it's unlikely that "the better angels of our nature" have a voice where it counts.
"Washington state to offer first health 'public option'" [Detroit News (MS)]. "A set of tiered public plans will cover standard services and are expected to be up to 10% cheaper than comparable private insurance, thanks in part to savings from a cap on rates paid to providers. But unlike existing government-managed plans, Washington's public plans are set to be available to all residents regardless of income by 2021…. Instead, the state will dictate the terms of the public option plans but hire private insurance companies to administer them, saving the state from having to create a new bureaucracy – and guaranteeing a role for the insurance industry in managing the new public option." • We tried this in Maine with Dirigo Health Care (folded into ACA): " Insurance companies were expected to trim their costs, negotiate better rates with providers and reduce overall cost growth so that a fee assessed on insurers could be absorbed by cost savings and not passed on to premium payers…. As a result, the industry succeeded in allowing the fee to be passed on to premium payers."
Our Famously Free Press
We are ruled by Harkonnens:
"Local-newspaper giant GateHouse Media is laying off journalists across the US in cuts their CEO is calling 'immaterial'" [Poynter Institute]. "Over 115 layoffs have been documented at 45 local newsrooms in states including Florida, Pennsylvania, Texas, Ohio, California, and Massachusetts, with potentially more to come…. When Business Insider talked to Mike Reed, CEO of GateHouse's parent company New Media Investment Group, he downplayed the cuts, calling them "immaterial," without providing a specific number of cuts but denying the 200 number, calling it 'a lie.' ;We have 11,000 employees, a lot to me is 2,000,' he said… But posts on social media and local journalists are telling a different story. Reporter Andrew Pantazi of the Florida Times-Union, a GateHouse publication, is the unit chair of the paper's guild and is tracking the layoffs in a spreadsheet. He says through Twitter DMs, emails, and texts, that he's confirmed at least 115 layoffs…. Also on Thursday, New Media Investment Group announced that it would extend its $100 million stock buyback program for another year." • Lol. Priorities!
"More Ohio Journalists Slashed as Gatehouse Media Continues to Purge" [Cleveland Scene]. "Dispatch editor Alan Miller wrote in a column Friday that the paper 'lost several colleagues on Thursday to layoffs resulting from the significant pressures on the newspaper industry.' These significant pressures, which undoubtedly exist, have been used to excuse the disemboweling of the American press by get-rich-quick investors like Gatehouse's New Media Invesment Group, a company that has grown in infamy for its acquisitions and ensuing staff reductions. "
"GateHouse Media lays off journalists across the country" [Poynter Institute]. "This is the second round of layoffs for GateHouse in 2019. Around 60 were laid off in January and February amid first-quarter losses… The company ended 2018 with a $18.2 million profit on revenues of $1.53 billion."
"The Ponzi scheme of marauding news conglomerates" [Jim Rich, Medium]. "Just what the hell is the end game or business model for these companies as they continue to cut their newsrooms to oblivion? The answer is simple, if painful, and the business model is as equally straightforward: A small group of executives at each corporation finding a way to maintain the ability to draw enormous, disproportionate salaries from these conglomerates. How do they do that? By showing shareholders/Wall St. that these newspapers are eking narrow profits." • "Jim Rich is former Editor-in-Chief at the NY Daily News & Executive Editor at HuffPost." And here he is, posting at Medium. Anyhow, the whole article is worth a read; the vultures wouldn't be picking over the carcass of the news business if Silicon Valley (Google, Facebook) hadn't already destroyed it.
Meanwhile, somebody's got to get the paper out:
Today Gatehouse Media laid off Worcester Magazine's editor and arts editor. I am the only editorial staffer left, with a full paper to put out next week. Pray for me.
— Bill Shaner (@bill_shaner) May 23, 2019
"The Massive, Overlooked Role of Female Slave Owners" [History]. "Stephanie E. Jones-Rogers, a history professor at the University of California-Berkeley, is compiling data on just how many white women owned slaves in the U.S.; and in the parts of the 1850 and 1860 census data she's studied so far, white women make up about 40 percents of all slave owners… Slaveholding parents 'typically gave their daughters more enslaved people than land,' says Jones-Rogers… They bought, sold, managed and sought the return of enslaved people, in whom they had a vested economic interest. Owning a large number of enslaved people made a woman a better marriage prospect. Once married, white women fought in courts to preserve their legal ownership over enslaved people (as opposed to their husband's ownership), and often won. 'For them, slavery was their freedom,' Jones-Rogers observes in her book." • Sheds new light on the United Daughters of the Confederacy and their invention and propagation of the Lost Cause myth (comparable in its insane destructiveness to the Dolchstoßlegenden).
"It's Never Been Easier to Be a C.E.O., and the Pay Keeps Rising" [New York Times]. "Despite all the structural forces aiding companies' bottom lines and stock prices, boards continue to act as if C.E.O.s have unique powers to deliver better returns — and have gone to great lengths to compensate them. The most prominent example: Tesla approved a pay package to Elon Musk valued at as much as $2.3 billion. It's not just the highest sum for last year; it's the biggest ever, according to compensation experts…. C.E.O. pay increased at almost twice the rate of ordinary wages."
"Book Review: 'A Theory of Imperialism' shines light on the history of capitalism and way forward" [Ajit Singh, Medium]. "Examining historical data for several countries, primarily India, the Patnaiks marshal extensive evidence to demonstrate that increasing use of the tropical landmass to satisfy metropolitan demands, in terms of exports, results in declining in per capita foodgrain output and availability in the periphery. Decreasing foodgrain availability has the effect of increasing absolute poverty, in the form of declining per capita caloric and protein intake over time. The income deflation and immiseration imposed on working peoples of the periphery so that the metropolis can obtain increasing supplies of tropical commodities while warding off the threat of increasing supply prices and ensuring the stability of the value of money under capitalism, is an essential feature of imperialism — a feature that capitalism cannot do without."
About living in your car in Silicon Valley. Thread:
This is such a Silicon Valley thread. Rather than the lesson being "I'm so lucky" or "life's stochastic" or something, it's "there's always a way". No, @austen, there isn't always a way. https://t.co/cHEaBHAJmp
— Felix Salmon (@felixsalmon) May 22, 2019
Why I have a soft spot for Felix Salmon.
News of the Wired
"End the Plague of Secret Parenting" [The Atlantic]. "Thankfully at least some research exists on what you might call 'secret parenting,' even if much of it is more qualitative than strictly data-based. One example is a 2014 paper in Gender, Work & Organization based on interviews with 26 mothers of small children. The women returned again and again to the issue of secrecy: "Hiding being a mother and engaging in strategies for secrecy were ubiquitous themes in our interviews," the authors wrote. 'Many women who had gone back to work tried to conceal that they had small children or pretended that their children's interests were of little importance to them.' Thankfully at least some research exists on what you might call 'secret parenting,' even if much of it is more qualitative than strictly data-based. One example is a 2014 paper in Gender, Work & Organization based on interviews with 26 mothers of small children. The women returned again and again to the issue of secrecy: 'Hiding being a mother and engaging in strategies for secrecy were ubiquitous themes in our interviews,' the authors wrote. 'Many women who had gone back to work tried to conceal that they had small children or pretended that their children's interests were of little importance to them.'"
For some reason, the Twitter thinks this image may "contain sensitive material":
Today's very meta Diagram pic.twitter.com/tuswNl5YiQ
— Philosophy Matters (@PhilosophyMttrs) May 26, 2019
I'm balking at pie charts.
The most neoliberal business model ever (you have to keep watching):
I am crying right now pic.twitter.com/WfidhyyU31
— Siraj Hashmi (@SirajAHashmi) May 25, 2019
"'Wow, What Is That?' Navy Pilots Report Unexplained Flying Objects" [New York Times]. Caption of the video: "Videos filmed by Navy pilots show two encounters with flying objects. One was captured by a plane's camera off the coast of Jacksonville, Fla., on Jan. 20, 2015. That footage, published previously but with little context, shows an object tilting like a spinning top moving against the wind. A pilot refers to a fleet of objects, but no imagery of a fleet was released. The second video was taken a few weeks later." • Checking to see if the quarantine should stay in place, is my theory.
Readers, feel free to contact me at lambert [UNDERSCORE] strether [DOT] corrente [AT] yahoo [DOT] com, with (a) links, and even better (b) sources I should curate regularly, (c) how to send me a check if you are allergic to PayPal, and (d) to find out how to send me images of plants. Vegetables are fine! Fungi are deemed to be honorary plants! If you want your handle to appear as a credit, please place it at the start of your mail in parentheses: (thus). Otherwise, I will anonymize by using your initials. See the previous Water Cooler (with plant) here. Today's plant (CR):
CR writes: "Cuyahoga Valley National Park, 4/27/19." Oooh, snow melt!
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Human trafficking and law: Understanding Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 2013
MAKE CHILD PROTECTION A PRIORITY AREA
By Rajul Jain , Legal Research Officer Shakti Vahini
The provisions under the Indian Penal Code, 1860 which can be read in relation to the crime of trafficking are scarcely used and have so far lacked teeth. While trafficking in itself is often not seen as a crime, the efforts of the law enforcement agencies have also remained half hearted. It can therefore be seen that the menace of trafficking still manifests the society with full vigour. The much talked about and credible Justice Verma Committee Report deals with trafficking in detail and gave some comprehensive solutions. The expert debate, demands of the common man and the executive will, led to the passing of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance, 2013.
The ordinance deals with the issue of trafficking among other things and substitutes section 370 of the IPC, also inserts a new section 370A. The new sections are as below:
'370. (1) Whoever, for the purpose of exploitation, (a) recruits, (b) transports, (c) harbours, (d) transfers, or (e) receives, a person or persons, by––
First.–– using threats, or
Secondly.–– using force, or any other form of coercion, or
Thirdly.–– by abduction, or
Fourthly.–– by practising fraud, or deception, or
Fifthly.–– by abuse of power, or
Sixthly.–– by inducement, including the giving or receiving of payments or benefits, in order to achieve the consent of any person having control over the person recruited, transported, harboured, transferred or received, commits the offence of trafficking.
Explanation 1.–– The expression "exploitation" shall include prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the forced removal of organs.
Explanation 2.–– The consent of the victim is immaterial in a determination of the offence of trafficking.
(2) Whoever commits the offence of trafficking shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years, but which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
(3) Where the offence involves the trafficking of more than one person, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to fine.
(4) Where the offence involves the trafficking of a minor, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life.
(5) Where the offence involves the trafficking of more than one minor at the same time, it shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than fourteen years but which may extend to imprisonment for life.
(6) When a public servant including police officer is involved in the trafficking of a minor then such public servant shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean the remainder of that person's natural life.
(7) If a person is convicted of the offence of trafficking of minors, on more than one occasion, then such person shall be punished with imprisonment for life, which shall mean imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life.'
A bare reading of the new section leads us to the following conclusions:
1. While the old section 370 of IPC dealt with only buying or disposing of any person as a slave the new section will take in its purview buying or disposing of any person for various kinds of exploitation including slavery. This provision includes organ trade.
2. As the explanation further clarifies "exploitation" would also include prostitution. This is in addition to the ITP Act, 1956. The intention of the legislature in including "other forms of sexual exploitation" and "forced labour or services" can be read to address situations where the trafficked persons are used for pornographic purposes or services like massage parlours.
3. The new section also ensures that persons involved at each and every stage of trafficking chain are brought within the criminal justice system.
4. Also by specifically including that if a person is brought with his/her consent, where such consent is obtained through force, coercion, fraud, deception or under abuse of power, the same will amount to trafficking, the law has been substantially strengthened.
This will cover all situations where girls who happen to be major are duped with promises of marriage and willingly accompany the traffickers who exploit them in various ways. While earlier no specific offence was made out for the mere bringing of the girl in question now that too is criminalized. It has also been specifically added in the provision that consent of the victim is immaterial for the determination of the offence.
5. The new section also differentiates the instances of trafficking major persons from minor persons. This differentiation is brought about by providing separate penalty for each with higher minimum sentence for trafficking minor persons.
6. While earlier no minimum imprisonment term was provided, now, the minimum (rigorous) imprisonment term is fixed.
7. In addition the section also provides for enhanced punishment for repeated offender as well as where the offender traffics more than one person at the same time.
8. By providing that trafficking in minor persons on a repeated conviction will attract imprisonment for life (meaning the remaining natural life) the law has been substantially changed. This will surely act as a big deterrent.
9. Involvement of a public servant including a police officer shall entitle him to life imprisonment which shall mean the remaining natural life.
'370A. (1) Whoever, despite knowing, or having reason to believe that a child has been trafficked, employs such child in any form of labour, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than five years but w h i c h may extend to seven years, and with fine.
(2) Whoever, despite knowing or having reason to believe that an adult has been trafficked, employs such adult for labour, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine.'
Addition of the section 370 A further adds strength to trafficking related law by criminalizing employment of a trafficked (major/minor) person. A person who has even reason to believe or apprehension that the minor/major person employed by them has been trafficked will make them criminally liable. This places a huge responsibility on the employers who were till now, let off easily under the not so strict provisions of the child labour laws and juvenile related laws.
Here also a higher minimum prison term is prescribed where a minor person is involved. Also important is the fact that irrespective of age of the person employed, simply employing a trafficked person is an offence.
This provision will go a long way in ensuring that people verify the antecedents of the placement agencies as also get the police verification of the persons employed. This will also aide in curbing the huge demand for labour who are victims of unsafe migration.
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text:
What Was Mormon Thinking? Or, 30+ Chapters on War Followed By One on 200 Years of Peaceful Utopia?!?
May 6, 2008 By: Jacob J @ 4:12 pm Category: Scriptures
The response to my previous post could be characterized as a collective "that's it?" but I know that what you really meant was "oh yeah baby, that's it." So, while I am on the topic of redactors working macro-level messages into the volumes of scripture the are redacting, I want to call you attention to a very interesting paper in the JBMS and get your take on it. In his paper Prophecy and History: Structuring the Abridgment of the Nephite Records, Steven L. Olsen makes some very intriguing claims about the editorial intent guiding Mormon's abridgment of the Book of Mormon.
Why is there so much war in the Book of Mormon?
We often hear people opine about the verses in the Book of Mormon which mention that not even a hundredth part of the records kept by the Nephites could make it into the Book of Mormon. It is common wisdom that we should ask ourselves why Mormon chose to include this or that verse. This invariably comes up when we get to the war chapters at the end of Alma and we wonder what we are supposed to be getting out of them. I have always hated all our answers to those wonderings, but Olsen answers this question in a way that was brand new to me and I must admit that his answer has grown on me.
My attempt at abridging Olsen's paper
Olsen suggests that before we get too far into the weeds speculating on the importance of the war chapters, we first take a closer look at Mormon's own explanation of his sometimes strange editorial choices.† These comments, of course, are found in Words of Mormon (WofM). What we find when we read WofM closely is that Mormon was plowing along in his abridging and just when he had finished the portion from Nephi down to King Benjamin, he was digging around in his pile of plates and found the small plates of Nephi covering the same time period (WofM 1:3). He noticed that this "small account" contained a bunch of prophecies which had since been fulfilled. He was so pleased by this, that he decided to finish his record on those prophecies he found in the small plates:
Wherefore, I chose these things [the pleasing prophecies on the small plates], to finish my record upon them, which remainder of my record I shall take from the [large] plates of Nephi; and I cannot write the hundredth part of the things of my people. (WofM 1:5)
So, Mormon explains that he is going to choose which hundredth part to include based on the prophecies he found in the small plates which he knows were fulfilled. He says he will use this strategy to guide the remainder of his record, which includes almost everything following WofM in the BofM. But what does it mean to finish his record "upon" those prophecies? Olsen suggests that this is the key to understanding what is included in the rest of the BofM. Specifically, he suggests that Nephi's vision in 1 Nephi 11-14 serves as the template for Mormon's abridgement and that Mormon is intentionally patterning his record after Nephi's prophecy to show how literally and completely it had been fulfilled:
Nephi's historical vision of the plan of salvation is, in essence, an extended prophecy consisting of a spiritual drama in four acts. Each act focuses on a dominant theme: the earthly ministry of Christ in the Holy Land (1 Nephi 11), the Nephites and Lamanites in the promised land (1 Nephi 12), the Gentiles and the House of Israel in the Old and New Worlds (1 Nephi 13), and the triumph of good over evil at the end of time (1 Nephi 14).
Let us take up the second act of this drama of redemption–the history of the Nephites and Lamanites in the promised land–because of all the acts in this drama, this envisioned history is most relevant to the historical contours we have identified in Mormon's abridgment. This portion of Nephi's vision contains four distinct but related prophecies: the "wars and contentions" of the Nephites prior to Christ's coming (1 Nephi 12:1-5), the ministry of Christ in the promised land (12:6-10), the resulting four generations of righteousness (12:11-12), and the final annihilation of the Nephites by the Lamanites (12:13-19). When this prophetic pattern of events is compared to Mormon's historical pattern, several remarkable similarities appear. The two patterns are virtually identical in terms of contents, sequence, and relative weighting of the depicted events. In both, the order of events is the same: "wars and destructions" followed by Christ's ministry, spiritual utopia, and Nephite annihilation. The relative attention to detail is also similar. Considerable attention is given to the Nephite wars and to Christ's ministry, very little focus rests on the four generations of righteousness, and a relatively greater emphasis is given to the final destruction of the Nephites. If viewed in isolation, such textual similarities could be considered coincidental. However, when viewed systematically within the entire historical narrative, the correspondence between the prophetic and historical accounts of these events seems to be integral to the authors' purpose and central to the book's overall meaning. It seems as though Mormon's abridgment is documenting the fulfillment of key prophecies from Nephi's vision. If so, Mormon structured his historical account to imitate the prophetic account in order to demonstrate how literally and completely those prophecies of Nephi had been fulfilled.
Olsen offers some more detailed analysis of the structure of Mormon's abridgment in Alma, Helaman, and 3rd and 4th Nephi. It is too lengthy to include it all, but here is a brief excerpt:
I start with the contents that seem somewhat out of place in a religious record: military campaigns, political intrigues, and social crises. Mormon begins his detailed account of the Nephite wars with an explicit editorial shift (see Alma 43:2-3). Although he had known of and alluded to extensive armed conflict in his earlier abridgment of the Nephite records (e.g., Mosiah 10; 20; Alma 2; 15), to this point in his narrative he had chosen not to detail even one battle. In further contrast, Mormon had just completed a detailed account of the remarkable spiritual conversions and relatively successful ministries of Alma the Elder, Alma the Younger, and the sons of Mosiah among both the Nephites and Lamanites (see Mosiah 17-Alma 35). He had also included the verbatim account of the final spiritual counsel of Alma the Younger to his sons Helaman, Shiblon, and Corianton (see Alma 36-42).
After focusing on patently spiritual matters for over 100 pages of text, Mormon makes an abrupt shift in his narrative. He acknowledges that Alma and his sons continued their missions but then explicitly states, "Now we shall say no more concerning their preaching" (Alma 43:2). This shift in focus was not required by a lack of ecclesiastical data; throughout the war narrative, Mormon intermittently refers to their ongoing ministries (e.g., Alma 45:22-23; 46:6, 38; 50:23-25; 62:44-51). Yet instead of focusing on ecclesiology, theology, conversions, and spiritual epiphanies, Mormon chooses at this point to focus his account of the next century of Nephite history almost exclusively on military conflicts between Lamanites and Nephites, fractious internal Nephite politics, social disintegration, and natural catastrophes (Alma 43-3 Nephi 9).
The inclusion of all the war chapters gets frequent attention precisely because it is so overtly strange and seemingly out of place. The ideas that we are supposed to learn tactics to prepare us for the societal meltdown which will precede the second coming, or that there is symbolic meaning in the war chapters to teach us about spiritual warfare, or other explanations like these which I have heard through the years, have never been satisfying to me. By contrast, I find Olsen's answer quite compelling. If Mormon was trying to show that Nephi's prophecies were fulfilled, it makes sense that he would include some chapters detailing the wars and contentions which fulfilled those prophecies. It also explains why Mormon gives us such a paltry account of the 200 years of righteousness following Christ's appearance:
In addition to using Nephi's prophecies as a model to structure his historical abridgment, Mormon seems also to have used Nephi's prophecies to define the corpus of Nephite prophecy for his abridgment. Of the hundreds of individual prophecies included in the Book of Mormon, nearly all find their initial expression in Nephi's small plates. Nephi's prophecies are further reiterated, refined, enlarged, and detailed in Mormon's and Moroni's subsequent narratives. Not surprisingly, the prophecies anticipating Christ's ministry, which find greatest attention in Nephi's record, are those that are most often repeated in Mormon's abridgment. By contrast, Nephi's prophecy of the four generations of righteousness is repeated only twice (briefly) in Nephi's account and only twice (indirectly) in Mormon's entire abridgment (compare 1 Nephi 12:11-12; 2 Nephi 26:9 and Alma 45:12; 3 Nephi 27:31-32).
I think this paper makes a pretty compelling argument. It makes sense out of several aspects of the BofM narrative that have always puzzled me. After reading his exegesis of Words of Mormon 1:3-6, his interpretation now seems like a fairly straightforward reading to me, not a big stretch. I am interested in what you think about it and what kind of holes you can poke in the argument.
† Olsen's comments about this are found in the section of the paper under the subheading "Mormon's Preface."
Two words: sealed portion.
Comment by clark — May 6, 2008 @ 5:58 pm
You lost me Clark.
Comment by Jacob J — May 6, 2008 @ 9:15 pm
Question: In what order did Joseph translate the books in the current Book of Mormon? I thought I heard 1 and 2 Nephi were not translated at the beginning.
Comment by Geoff J — May 6, 2008 @ 10:53 pm
Not only was the 200 years of peace summarized in one chapter, but look at verse 6.
"And thus did the thirty and eighth year pass away, and also the thirty and ninth, and forty and first, and the forty and second, yea, even until forty and nine years had passed away, and also the fifty and first, and the fifty and second; yea, and even until fifty and nine years had passed away"
Sounds like a "filler" verse. I wonder why Mormon found it so important to include it on such scarce gold plate real estate.
Comment by zelph — May 6, 2008 @ 11:01 pm
Sounds like a literary tool to me "zelph". As in, it seems to me he was showing that nothing controversial was happening in that period so he was ramping up the year skipping in his record. A few verses earlier he had the clock moving more slowly and a few verses later he was jumping ahead by decades at a time so that verse fits very smoothly in between as a chronological transition verse in the narrative.
Jacob J, thanks for the info. I was not aware of Olson's take on 1 nephi 12. It parallels much of what I wrote in a recent essay in The Mormon Worker. I dont know whether Olson makes the same conclusions politically, but it seems to me that the vision has some very serious implications as to warfare in the BoM and its righteousness.
Comment by joshua madson — May 7, 2008 @ 12:01 am
Just read the full article. That was really good stuff. a lot to think about. thanks again
I think this is a good possibility as any possibilities are. I think it is plausible as well, and sounds really good, but there is absolutely no evidence for it. Just another theory among all the rest that have no evidence. I know the Book of Mormon is true by the Spirit. That's evidence.
Comment by Guy Smiley — May 7, 2008 @ 1:44 am
I have often thought of the BofM as a type of inspired and inspiring literature. That is not to say that I do not believe it is based on actual history, but I have felt we were meant to read it sometimes like it was an inspired novel.
The idea that Mormon thought about the structure and outline of the book as a whole as he put it together is very interesting to me,and make Mormon seem more real, more inteliigent, more organized, etc.
This idea is new to me, and I look forward to my next reading with some of these thoughts in mind.
Comment by Eric Nielson — May 7, 2008 @ 5:44 am
#3, GeoffJ, it is my understanding (although I do not have resources in front of me to cite to the sources) that Joseph first translated the large plates, beginning with the "Book of Lehi," and then picked up where he left off in Mosiah. This explains why Mosiah begins so abruptly without an introduction of Benjamin and why Mosiah is unique among the large plate books (and the majority of all books) in not having a headnote for the book as a whole. I've actually begun in Mosiah for my last few readings to experience how the material actually arrived during the restoration. Hope that helps.
-MattM
Comment by MattM — May 7, 2008 @ 6:06 am
Here is a simple reading of the book. Mormon, the christian soldier, focussed his history on his interestes: war and Christ. After 3 Nephi, the Book of Mormon is basically over (only about 20 more pages from Mormon). The generations of peace get hardly any space, but neither does the end of the Nephite nation. I suspect that after treating the wars before Christ and the visit of Christ, Mormon ran out of ore or he ran out of time, or maybe he just ran out of gas.
Comment by Mark Ashurst-McGee — May 7, 2008 @ 8:09 am
Geoff, there is a debate about the order in which the BofM was translated. I'm not aware if there is a consensus opinion, but I have seen arguments for various orderings.
Joshua, glad you liked it, thanks for dropping by.
Guy Smiley, the theory is not trying to establish the truth of the Book of Mormon, it assumes that much. As to the theory itself, there certainly is evidence for it, which includes the plausibility you mentioned. The whole point of the paper is to describe the theory and present the evidence for it.
Mark Ashurst-McGee, I failed to mention the common view that Mormon included the war chapters because he was a warrior and was interested in it. Thanks for bringing that up. I don't think that theory has any good explanation for why wars are almost uniformily ignored prior to Alma 43, followed by missionary work and ministry being uniformily ignored afterward (As Olsen points out in his paper). I can see the plausibility of your "running out of ore or gas" theory, which could also account for why there is so little written in 4 Nephi, but I think the narrative turn in Alma 43 is very deliberate and opens things up to a theory like Olsen's.
Comment by Jacob J — May 7, 2008 @ 9:41 am
My point is that in the sealed portion of the Book of Mormon we probably have far more about the realities of utopia. Both due to the writings of the Brother of Jared but also Mormon's writings. There's a reason why we have but 4th Nephi.
Comment by Clark — May 7, 2008 @ 10:29 am
Got it, thanks Clark. I'll be interested to hear if they had universal healthcare.
Comment by Jacob J — May 7, 2008 @ 11:18 am
Sounds like a "filler" verse.
"zelph," a guy named Hashbaz on the MAD board had the following to say. He's currently wrapping up his dissertation on mesoamerica.
This [verse] sounds very Mesoamerican to me. 11,000 of the known 33,000 Maya texts are calendric in nature. That is to say, 1/3 of every Maya text is nothing but dates. It is very common to have a lengthy date given, followed by a "Distance Number", then another date; For example, "9 Baktuns (400 years) 13 Katuns (20) 10 Tuns (years) 4 Winals (20 days) and 3 K'in (day) was the day 4 Ajaw 10 Yaxkin, and then 15 days and 5 score days happened, then was the day 4 Etznab 9 Sip". Eventually you might get a single verb, an object, then a subject, then back to more distance numbers and date glyphs. The Maya were obsessed with the passage of time, and took the time to carve a series of dates in stone that are meaningless to modern scholars but would have served as mnemonic devices for oral historians.
Comment by BHodges — May 7, 2008 @ 11:27 am
I'd be interested in sources on the translation order debates, if you can dig, Jacob. I've always been sort of fuzzy on that piece of our history.
Comment by Matt W. — May 7, 2008 @ 12:43 pm
Matt W,
Hopefully someone who is up on their BofM scholarship will stumble along and help me out. The best I can come up with for a starting place is this book review of Metcalfe's New Approaches. See expecially the sections under the headings The Dictation Sequence and Nonrandom Sequences of Lexical Variants for the question at hand, but the whole review is interesting.
Got it, thanks Clark. I'll be interested to hear if they had universal healthcare.
Yeah, but given the abilities of the time that was probably worse than the universal health care in SLC in 1860.
Seriously the problem with universal health care is deciding how to ration. Not much of a problem when there isn't much to ration.
[Editor: Inflammatory political rhetoric deleted. (Take it to Council of Fifty)]
I wish the Book of Mormon was more spiritual and less violent. The images that some BoM passages create in my mind, are beyond R rated movies.
Comment by Manuel — May 7, 2008 @ 11:17 pm
I used to have issues w/ the violence, gore, sexism, and evil in the scriptures but then it occurred to me that we live in a violent, gory, sexist, and evil world, and whitewashed scriptures wouldn't give us much material to either liken unto our fallen selves, prepare us for life in the world, or help us cope with the onslaught ofevil in these "last days" whichBoM prophets ostensibly foresaw. I would guess that Nephi's prophecies–as Isaiah'–are multi-level as Elder Oaks (in a Scriptures as Urim & Thumim Ensign article years back) and I'm sure others have discussed.
Comment by Lisa B — May 8, 2008 @ 5:36 pm
I read recently where Gene Roddenberry's concept for Star Trek: The Next Generation was that there would be no conflict in the series. And scripts written for the first season were to eliminate conflict as a dramatic device.
Remember how awful the first season of TNG was?
It's just an aspect of humanity that we find conflict more interesting than peace. The record-keepers of the time were similarly affected. 200 years of marriage records, birth records, crop records, just didn't have the Oomph that made for powerful scripture.
Comment by V the K — May 13, 2008 @ 10:19 am
V the K,
I don't know, I find the first 43 chapters of Alma to be pretty good. Plenty of oomph for me.
Comment by Jacob J — May 13, 2008 @ 4:54 pm
(apologies, threadjack to follow)
The problem with non universal health care is that you have already made the decision to ration by social class or how much money you have. There has got to be something better than that. Also, I wouldn't be so sure the quality was what you claim. Check this out.
–end threadjack, carry on
Comment by Doc — May 15, 2008 @ 10:45 am
I was wondering if there is any mention of Joseph's vision of a whole room of Nephite records along here somewhere or if only Mormon had access to these?
Comment by Christopher Cavan — November 25, 2011 @ 12:20 pm
Not the appropriate thread, but you might want to read this FARMS paper on that. There's no direct record of such a vision but a lot of second hand summaries.
Comment by Clark — November 25, 2011 @ 1:55 pm


Daphne Martschenko (Faculty of Education) discusses the concept of intelligence and the drive to identify and quantify it.
For nearly 150 years, the concept of intelligence and its study have offered scientific ways of classifying people in terms of their "ability". The drive to identify and quantify exceptional mental capacity may have a chequered history, but it is still being pursued by some researchers today.
Francis Galton, who was Charles Darwin's cousin, is considered the father of eugenics and was one of the first to formally study intelligence. His 1869 work Hereditary Genius argued that superior mental capabilities were passed down via natural selection – confined to Europe's most eminent men, a "lineage of genius". Barring a few exceptions, women, ethnic minorities and lower socioeconomic communities were labelled as inferior in intelligence.
Galton's controversial theories on race, socioeconomics and intelligence have been highly influential and shaped the ideologies of numerous researchers and theorists around the world.
In the UK, proponents of a Galtonian view on intelligence included educational psychologist Cyril Burt, who helped formulate the 11-plus examination, and psychologist Charles Spearman who is best known for his creation of the concept "g" – the innate general factor of human mental ability. Spearman's background as an engineer in the British army gave him a statistical sophistication that proved instrumental in shifting the direction of the field of intelligence study.
Spearman hypothesised that intelligence is comprised of "g" – or "general intelligence", and two other specific factors: verbal ability and fluency. Spearman's extensive work on the use of "g" within the field of statistics meant that some used the "hard" sciences and maths as instruments to argue that there were biological differences between races and social classes. "G" as a representation of the biological basis of intelligence is still being used today in research within the current field of behavioural genetics.
Raising school performance of poorer children … would not necessarily lower parent-offspring correlations (nor change heritability estimates). When people look at the gaps between rich and poor children that already exist at a young age (3-5), they almost universally assume that these differences are because of environmental reasons ("privileges of wealth") and ignore genetics.
From the 1920s, when twin and adoption studies set out to determine the genetic and environmental origins of intelligence differences, the study of intelligence began to converse with the early stages of human behavioural genetics.
Under the presumption that twins experience similar environmental aspects, twins studies enable researchers to evaluate the variance of a given outcome – such as cognitive ability – in a large group. They can then attempt to estimate how much of this variance is due to the heritability of genes, the shared environment the twins live in, or a non-shared environment.
The 1980s and 1990s saw another rise in twin and adoption studies on intelligence, many of which were more systematic in nature due to advances in technology. Most supported earlier research and showed intelligence to be highly heritable and polygenic, meaning that it is influenced by many different genetic markers.
The researchers Robert Plomin, JC Defries, and Nele Jacobs were at the forefront of this new wave of studies. But this research was still unable to identify the specific genetic markers within the human genome that are connected to intelligence.
Genome sequencing technologies have taken the search for the genetic components of inheritance another step forward. Despite the seemingly endless possibilities brought forth by the Human Genome Project in 2001, actually using DNA-based techniques to locate which genetic differences contribute to observed differences in intelligence has been markedly more difficult than anticipated.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) began to take hold as a powerful tool for investigating the human genetic architecture. These studies assess connections between a trait and a multitude of DNA markers. Most commonly, they look for single-nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs. These are variations between genes at specific locations throughout a DNA sequence that might determine an individual's likelihood to develop a particular disease or trait.
Originally intended to identify genetic risk factors associated with susceptibility to disease, GWAS have become a means through which to try and pinpoint the genetic factors responsible for cognitive ability. But researchers have shown that intelligence is a trait influenced by many different genes: they have so far been unable to locate enough SNPs to predict the IQ of an individual.
There's a long way still to go, but this field is receiving a great deal of publicity. This raises several ethical questions. We must ask ourselves if this research can ever be socially neutral given the eugenic-Galtonian history underpinning it.
This kind of research could have an impact on human genetic engineering and the choices parents make when deciding to have children. It could give parents with the money and desire to do so the option to make their offspring "smarter". Though genetically engineering intelligence may appear to be in the realm of science fiction, if the genes associated with intelligence are identified, it could become a reality.
Some researchers have suggested that schools which have a child's genetic information could tailor the curriculum and teaching to create a system of "personalised learning". But this could lead schools to expect certain levels of achievement from certain groups of children – perhaps from different socioeconomic or ethnic groups – and would raise questions of whether richer families would benefit most.
Whether calling it "intelligence", "cognitive ability", or "IQ", behavioural genetics research is still trying to identify the genetic markers for a trait that can predict, in essence, a person's success in life. Given the history of this field of research, it's vital it is conducted with an awareness of its possible ethical impact on all parts of society.


I knew Robin and Danny Woodrow, and sometimes visited the Woodrow brothers potato farm on Knight Road. On one of these visits, in the late 1970s or early 1980s, I snapped a photograph of a farm worker in front of a warehouse full of their recent harvest. But I never even knew his name. I would like to know more about him.


Outlet in Japan, Sano Premium Outlets, for shopping. Its location on the map of outlets in Japan. Address: 2058, Koena-cho, Sano-Shi, Tochigi, 327-0822. Opening hours and the official website: www.premiumoutlets.co.jp/en/sano/.


text:
The MUSE-Faint survey. I. Spectroscopic evidence for a star cluster in Eridanus 2 and constraints on MACHOs as a constituent of dark matter
B. Zoutendijk, J. Brinchmann, L. A. Boogaard, M. L. P. Gunawardhana, T.-O. Husser, S. Kamann, A. F. Ramos Padilla, M. M. Roth, R. Bacon, M. den Brok, S. Dreizler, D. Krajnović
Aims. It has been shown that the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Eridanus 2 may host a stellar cluster in its centre. If this cluster is shown to exist, it can be used to set constraints on the mass and abundance of massive astrophysical compact halo objects (MACHOs) as a form of dark matter. Previous research has shown promising expectations in the mass range of 10−100 M⊙, but lacked spectroscopic measurements of the cluster. We aim to provide spectroscopic evidence regarding the nature of the putative star cluster in Eridanus 2 and to place constraints on MACHOs as a constituent of dark matter.
Methods. We present spectroscopic observations of the central square arcminute of Eridanus 2 from MUSE-Faint, a survey of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer on the Very Large Telescope. We derived line-of-sight velocities for possible member stars of the putative cluster and for stars in the centre of Eridanus 2. We discuss the existence of the cluster and determine new constraints for MACHOs using the Fokker–Planck diffusion approximation.
Results. Out of 182 extracted spectra, we identify 26 member stars of Eridanus 2, seven of which are possible cluster members. We find intrinsic mean line-of-sight velocities of 79.7+3.1−3.8 km s−1 and 76.0+3.2−3.7 km s−1 for the cluster and the bulk of Eridanus 2, respectively, as well as intrinsic velocity dispersions of < 7.6 km s−1 (68% upper limit) and 10.3+3.9−3.2 km s−1, respectively. This indicates that the cluster most likely exists as a distinct dynamical population hosted by Eridanus 2 and that it does not have a surplus of dark matter over the background distribution. Among the member stars in the bulk of Eridanus 2, we find possible carbon stars, alluding to the existence of an intermediate-age population. We derived constraints on the fraction of dark matter that can consist of MACHOs with a given mass between 1 and 105 M⊙. For dark matter consisting purely of MACHOs, the mass of the MACHOs must be less than ∼7.6 M⊙ and ∼44 M⊙ at a 68- and 95% confidence level, respectively.
dark matter; galaxies: individual: Eridanus 2; galaxies: star clusters: individual: Eridanus 2 cluster; techniques: imaging spectroscopy
Table 2 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/635/A107
Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 0100.D-0807.
Volume 635, Article Number A107, Number of pages 16


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Cincinnati Black Lives Matter Trying To Get Police Presence Out Of Schools
Barracuda Brigade 2016-09-10
10 Sep 2016 Barracuda Brigade
This shows again how Black Lives Matter care nothing about helping people but just making noise and trying to get attention.
Fox 19:
Black Lives Matter of Cincinnati will be part of the "CPD out of CPS Campaign" this weekend to scrap all police from all Cincinnati Public Schools.
Trending: ICE Arrests 600+ Illegal Immigrants, Many Are Dangerous Criminals
"We believe schools…, especially for people of color and poor neighborhoods, resemble more of a prison then places of education," said Mario Martone, who is a member of the group. Martone said the group is also against "Zero Tolerance" policies.
"The CPD out of CPS Campaign is presenting a teach-in on the school-to-prison pipeline," a local Black Lives Matter chapter's Facebook call-to-action read. "We believe schools should be a place of liberation geared toward disrupting the status quo rather than an engine for maintaining it."
BLM's event to call for the removal of officers from schools will be held 3-6 p.m. Saturday at Beloved Community Church, 3846 Montgomery Rd.
Police often serve as a security force in schools that have issues with violence and other crime.[…]
Sgt. Dan Hils who is president of the Fraternal Order of Police for Cincinnati Police gave a strong response.
He said, "Black Lives Matters again show they don't really care about black lives, they care about political noise and agendas."
Hils added, "The police officers that work in Cincinnati Public Schools are committed professionals that love the kids they work with. Black Lives Matter is rarely heard from with the dozens of homicides which occur in our city each year. They only speak up when police use force or when they have a silly agenda such as this one."
Hils sees CPD's role as critical for the safety of certain schools in the city. He believes the positive relationship between officers and students is critical.
"The officers that work with the children and teens in CPS prove each day that they care about all lives. They should be commended, not removed from their post," Hils said.
Tags:Black Lives Matter
Hillary Failed To Respond To Lawsuit Filed Against Her
Judge Jeanine Tears Hillary Clinton To Pieces!
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Home/Celebrity Net Worth/Celebrities/What's Billy Brown Net Worth? Bio, Alaska, Married, Wife, Jail, Show Fake, Dreamrider
What's Billy Brown Net Worth? Bio, Alaska, Married, Wife, Jail, Show Fake, Dreamrider
What's Billy Brown Net Worth? Bio, Alaska, Married, Wife, Jail, Show Fake, Dreamrider 2021: Wiki Biography, Married, Family, Measurements, Height, Salary, Relationships
Billy Brown net worth is
Billy Brown Wiki Biography
Billy Brown was born on 3rd December 1952, in Fort Worth, Texas USA, and is a reality television star, probably best known for being the lead character in the television series "Alaskan Bush People", aired on the Discovery Channel. Brown has been active in the entertainment industry since 2014.
How much is the net worth of Billy Brown? It has been estimated by authoritative sources that the overall size of his wealth is as much as $2 million, as of the data presented in early 2018. Television is the main source of Brown's modest fortune.
Billy Brown Net Worth $2 Million
To begin with, the boy was raised in a wealthy family in Fort Worth. His father was a businessman, however, Billy suddenly lost his family because of a plane crash in 1969. There is no information about his education, but it is known that he initially did odd jobs for a living.
Concerning his professional career, after his marriage Billy moved to Alaska, as he wanted to keep his family close at all times. Billy rose to fame starring in the reality television series "Alaskan Bush People" aired on the Discovery Channel since 2014. The stars of the series are the family members of Billy Brown: Ami, Matt, Bam, Gabe, Bear and Bird Brown. The focus of the series is the lifestyle in Alaska: building shelters and houses, transportation issues, daily life and struggles in a hard and sometimes hostile environment. It has been filmed in such specific locations as Hoonah, Alaska and Chichagof Island. The series has attracted high viewer ratings, and has so far been shown for seven seasons, narrated by Asa Siegel and produced by Park Slope Productions. To conclude, the above mentioned series has added significant sums to the net worth of Billy Brown and his family members.
Finally, in the personal life of Billy Brown, he is married to Ami Brown; they have seven children together, and all the family still resides in Alaska.
Net Worth $500,000
Place Of Birth Fort Worth, Texas, USA
Profession Reality television star
Spouse Ami Brown
Children Rain Brown, Snowbird Brown, Joshua Brown, Matthew Brown, Gabriel Brown, Solomon Brown, Noah Brown
Parents Billy Joe Brown, Kathryn Brown
Siblings Kathy Jean Brown
Movies "Alaskan Bush People" (2014)
TV Shows Episodes: "Raised Wild" (2014), "Rise of Browntown" (2015), "Ballad of Billy Brown" (2015), "Released to the Wild"(2016), "Bush Heart" (2016), "A New Chapter" (2017), "Browntown Boom" (2-017)
"A New Chapter" (2017) "Ballad of Billy Brown" (2015) "Browntown Boom" (2-017) "Bush Heart" (2016) "Released to the Wild"(2016) "Rise of Browntown" (2015) 85 kg Actor American Ami Ami Brown Asa Siegel Billy Brown Billy Joe Brown Episodes: "Raised Wild" (2014) Fort Worth Gabriel Brown Joshua Brown Kathryn Brown Kathy Jean Brown Lakeview Terrace (2008) Matt Matthew Brown Noah Brown Reality television star
Merv Griffin Net Worth
Daymond John Net Worth
Domingo Zapata Net Worth
Steve Spurrier Net Worth
Joseph Grendys Net Worth
Ryan Lee Net Worth
Randy Wittman Net Worth
Andy Cohen Net Worth
Anders Holm Net Worth


text:
<?php

namespace spec\PhpSpec\Formatter\Presenter;

use PhpSpec\ObjectBehavior;
use PhpSpec\Formatter\Presenter\Differ\Differ;

class TaggedPresenterSpec extends ObjectBehavior {

    function let(Differ $differ) {
        $this->beConstructedWith($differ);
    }

    function it_wraps_value_into_tags() {
        $this->presentValue('string')->shouldReturn('<value>"string"</value>');
    }

    function it_wraps_string_into_tags() {
        $this->presentString('string')->shouldReturn('<value>string</value>');
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The grant is established by The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters based on testamentary dispositions made by the chemist, Professor, Dphil Aksel Tovborg Jensen.
The purpose of the grant is to strengthen the activities of The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Among other things, this means that the grant is to support the grant accounts of the Academy, especially in the purchasing of medals, should the Academy wish to honor anyone with such.
Furthermore, the grant is to provide funding for a Bjerrum-Brøndsted-Lang Lecture (named after the chemists Niels Bjerrum, J.N. Brønsted, and Kaj Linderstrøm-Lang) that is to be held at least every other year.
For further information, see the instrument of foundation.
Next deadline for applications is April 1st, 2019.
Only members of The Royal Academy or people recommended by a member of the Academy will be taken into consideration.
To apply for the grant, please use the application form.
Questions regarding the above should be addressed to Mette Miller Danielsen on mda@royalacademy.dk or on +45 33 43 53 10.


text:
What Size Cage Does My Pet Bird Need?
How big of a cage a bird needs is determined largely by its size and breed as well as the overall general nature of the bird. Obviously, a large bird is going to require a large cage, but don't assume that just because the bird is tiny, they will only require a small cage. Some small birds require a lot of space to fly about. When deciding on what cage to by, ask questions like, "Do they need to fly about often?", are they "energetic?" If they need room to spread their wings and fly around inside the cage, make sure you buy a large cage. Also, the bar spacing is an important factor in keeping your bird caged.
You should also get a secondary cage for transporting the bird to the vet or for travel. Like buying a house, the cage is just where the bird will stay while remaining as your pet, but they will need furnishings for the cage as well such as perches. The kind of perch and where you place it in the cage will be determined by the kind of bird you get. Though, make sure the bird can climb from perch to perch and that water and food dishes are not placed directly underneath a perch since they tend to poop when they land. Also make sure the perch is not placed so as to not get in the way of the bird flying.
What size cage do Budgies / Parakeet require?
Budgies will require a minimum cage size of 18" x 18" x 24" and 1/2" bar spacing.
What size cage do Canaries require?
Canaries are going to require a minimum cage size of 18" x 24" x 18" with 1/4" to 1/2" bar spacing.
What size cage do Finches require?
Finches require a minimum cage size of 18" x 30" x 18" with a 1/4" to 1/2" bar spacing.
What size cage do Cockatiels require?
Cockatiels will require a minimum cage of 20" x 20" x 24" with a 1/2" to 5/8" bar spacing.
What size cage do Conures require?
Conures require a minimum cage size of 24" x 24" x 24" with a 5/8" to 3/4" bar spacing.
What size cage do Doves require?
A Diamond dove will require a minimum cage of 24" x 24" x 24" with 1/2" or less bar spacing, while a ringneck dove needs 24" x 36" x 24" cage size with 1/2" bar spacing.
What size cage do African Grey require?
An African Grey Parrot will require a minimum cage size of 24" x 36" x 48" with a 3/4" to 1" bar spacing.
What size cage do Cockatoo require?
A cockatoo will require a minimum cage size of 24" x 36" x 48" with a 3/4" to 1" bar spacing.
What size cage do Amazon Parrot require?
The Amazon Parrot will require a minimum cage size of 24" x 36" x 48" with a 3/4" to 1" bar spacing.
What size cage do Macaw require?
The large macaw will require a minimum cage size of 24" x 36" x 48" with a 3/4" to 1" bar spacing.
What size cage do Pionus Parrot require?
The Pionus Parrot requires a minimum cage size of 24" x 24" x 36" with a 5/8" to 3/4" bar spacing.
What size cage do Parrotlet require?
The parrotlets are going to require a minimum cage size of 24" x 24" x 24" with a 1/2" bar spacing.
How to clean a bird cage?
What is the most talkative pet bird?
Generally, when people think of a pet bird, they imagine a beautiful creature singing a
What is the Best Parrot Breed?
When it comes to pet birds, parrots are one of the more favored types around.
What is the Quietest Pet Bird Species?
If уоu'rе thinking of рurсhаѕing a nеw реt bird, but аrе wоrriеd about thе роѕѕibilitу


Found this neat video that popped up on my youtube feed. I had no idea there were so many big names I failed to recognize!
I didn't recognize more than 3, and Mark Hamill wasn't one that I would have recognized if I hadn't seem what role he played in promo videos.
A couple of them I was like: "They got them?! No way!!!"
One does simply not miss Rhona Mitra!
It might be both. How much TV is not enough?
The only one where I knew who she was, but didn't spot in the game was Rhona Mitra. Didn't know they got her too. Very cool.
You gotta watch more movies! There are a LOT of AAA actors/actresses in there.
Well then, I'm pretty much screwed. :( There hasn't been a show that kept my attention that long since MASH.
The Office (american version) is pretty good if you can get past the first few episodes. It has 9 seasons total and a beautiful story.
Ofc i know almost everyone up to and including Andy Serkis. Those are really big names.
As for the rest, I'm pretty sure I've either heard or seen a few of them, but I couldn't tell you in what.
This was a good video. Very top notch. I'm glad we have Director Krennic in this game.


text:
700 kids crossed U.S. border alone under Trump policy
Doctors face heartbreaking decision, can only save one twin
By Ashley Welch
When a pair of conjoined twin girls arrived at a New England hospital last year, doctors were presented with a gut-wrenching case.
In an extremely rare occurrence, the twins were connected by the abdomen and pelvis. They had three legs, one of which had a misshapen foot. Imaging tests showed they shared a single liver, while each child had one complete kidney, which drained into a single bladder, and one undersized kidney. The gastrointestinal tracts were fused together. There was one anus and one vagina.
With the help of a non-profit organization the girls' parents brought them to the United States to seek treatment. They were 22 months old at the time.
Surgical model – based on CT scan images and produced by 3D printing – showing the skeletal structures and arterial connections of conjoined twins separated at MassGeneral Hospital for Children. The New England Journal of Medicine ©2017.
One twin was larger than the other and was alert and interacting with caregivers, while the smaller twin was less active and less able to engage.
Requests were sent to around 20 hospitals across the country. Doctors at Mass General Hospital for Children agreed to take on the case, which they detail in a new report published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The doctors were quickly hit with the realization that the smaller child, referred to as "Twin A," was dying – and not only that, she was slowly killing her sister, "Twin B."
"Twin B is normal and living relatively healthy and we know that she can live without her sister, whereas Twin A relies completely on her sister. Her sister is her life support," lead study author Dr. Allan Goldstein, M.D., surgeon-in-chief at Mass General Hospital for Children, told CBS News.
Testing showed Twin A's heart was undersized and had significant congenital defects. She had underdeveloped blood vessels between her heart and lungs and relied on the blood supply from her sister.
Twin A became progressively sicker, with several episodes of respiratory distress that required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit.
It became clear to the doctors that Twin A would not survive surgery for separation. But her declining health made it likely she would die even if the twins remained conjoined. Her death would mean the inevitable death of her twin. There was also the chance that if separation surgery were performed, both twins would die.
The decision on whether or not to operate posed a complicated ethical question for the doctors. A pediatrics ethics committee was assembled to wrestle with the issues and weigh their options. Their discussions determined that, while each twin should be regarded as a distinct individual, there was little to no chance of saving the smaller twin; yet not attempting the separation surgery would risk her sister's life, as well.
Ultimately, after discussions with the team of doctors and support from a religious leader, the parents made the decision to proceed with the surgery.
"They were in a position where they felt that they couldn't continue with the same situation," Goldstein said. "They really wanted something done and knowing the high risk of the operation they said they would accept that risk."
"It was our job to say, is it feasible surgically and is it appropriate ethically?" he continued. "We're fortunate that ultimately we came to the decision that the parents' decision was not only by definition the right one because it was their decision but also it was appropriate from all other perspectives that we considered."
Still, the prospect was anything but easy for Goldstein and his team.
"We as doctors are trained to do everything we can to save every life we encounter," he said.
The 14-hour surgery went as expected. After the separation of the pelvic structures, the surgeons divided the arterial connection and Twin A's blood pressure and oxygen levels dropped, resulting in her death.
"I left the operating room and cried," Goldstein said. "I cry thinking about it now. It was not easy. But I don't regret it and I don't think anybody on the team regretted it because there's this beautiful 3-and-a-half-year-old girl and her parents are thrilled."
Arthur Caplan, Ph.D., the founding head of the Division of Medical Ethics at NYU School of Medicine, said that when it comes to the decision about whether to perform separation surgery on conjoined twins, "there's no one-size-fits-all answer."
"The issue is how are the twins conjoined," he told CBS News. "If they're really intermingled in a way where one twin has most of the vital organs and the other doesn't, and the parents want to separate, it becomes easy to know what to do."
And while medical principles say it is immoral to kill one person to save another, the cases of conjoined twins can be different.
"It's not a matter of killing A to save B," Caplan said. "What you're really asking is if A is going to kill B, is it OK to remove A? That's from different from making a choice between two equally valuable lives."
Goldstein said the surviving twin, who still comes in for regular visits and physical therapy to help her with walking, is now healthy and thriving. "She's eating and growing. She's happy. She's always smiling. She has a very funny sense of humor," he said.
The parents released a statement to the New England Journal of Medicine saying that their daughter is "doing very well."
"Everyone here was united for our family's cause," they said. "We couldn't be prouder or happier of how we all came together for the well-being of our child."
Conjoined twins (WARNING: GRAPHIC IMAGES) 57 photos
Ashley Welch
Ashley Welch covers health and wellness for CBSNews.com
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text:
Q: How to avoid SEGMENTATION ERROR for the code below? I'm getting Segmentation error for the code below. This is a solution to the SPOJ problem "Coins".
I went through How to avoid SIGSEGV? and I made sure not to use uninitialized pointers, not to access out of memory etc (given n ≤ 109).
I know that an array a[1000000000] would lead to stack overflow, so I used std::map. Will a std::map ever lead to a stack overflow? What is wrong with my code?
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

map<unsigned long long int, unsigned long long int> a;

unsigned long long int dp(unsigned long long int n)
{
   if (a.find(n) == a.end())
      a[n] = dp(n/2) + dp(n/3) + dp(n/4);

   return a[n];
}

int main()
{
    for (unsigned long long int i = 1; i <= 24; i++) {
        a[i] = i;
        if (i == 12 || i == 24)
           a[i] = i + 1;
    }

    unsigned long long int n = 0;
    cin >> n;

    while (!feof(stdin)) {
        printf("%llu\n", dp(n));
        cin >> n;
    }
}

A: You get SIGSEGV on dp(0) call. It causes an infinite recursion.
By the way, your solution is wrong, for example the answer for 24 is not 25. Try to avoid magic constants, it is just enough to set a[0] = 0 and make a more accurate dp function:
uint32_t dp(uint32_t n) {
    if (a.find(n) == a.end())
        a[n] = max(n, dp(n / 2) + dp(n / 3) + dp(n / 4));

    return a[n];
}

As can be seen above, 32-bit type is enough to store any possible answer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Endemol Shine Brasil é uma das maiores produtoras independentes de mídia do Brasil. A empresa faz parte da Banijay Group, uma rede mundial de empresas de produção que abrange 22 países.

No Brasil, a Endemol é mais conhecida por produzir o Big Brother Brasil (2002–presente) e MasterChef Brasil (2014–presente).

História
Em 2002, a Endemol entra no Brasil através da formação de uma joint venture com a Rede Globo, a Endemol Globo. A empresa produz o Big Brother Brasil, Jogo Duro e Hipertensão outros formatos também são exibidos em quadros dentro do Caldeirão do Huck e Domingão do Faustão. Mesmo com a parceria com a Globo, a Endemol Globo também produz atrações para outras emissoras, como Um Contra Cem e Topa ou Não Topa no SBT. Na Pressão, É o Amor, Zero Bala, Busão do Brasil na Rede Bandeirantes. O Último Passageiro, Saturday Night Live e Estação Teen na RedeTV!. Extreme Makeover Social na RecordTV.

Em 2007 a Endemol começou uma operação separada, subsidiária integral, a Endemol Brasil, cuja primeira produção foi o programa exibido pelo SBT, Um Contra Cem versão local do 1 vs. 100; com isso, a partir da criação da empresa ela poderá iniciar produções separadamente com outras emissoras. Desde sua fundação em 2007 Daniela Busoli, diretora-geral da Endemol Brasil deixou a administração para ir trabalhar na Fremantle, sendo substituída por Juliana Algañaraz.

A joint venture foi desfeita em 2016, quando a Endemol Shine Group passou a controlar diretamente todas as operações da empresa no Brasil.

Em 2021, Juliana Algañaraz deixou a empresa e o cargo de CEO passou a ser ocupado por Nani Freitas, antiga VP de Produção da empresa.

Produções
A Endemol possui várias marcas de programas e formatos de televisão voltados para diferentes grupos demográficos. Alguns de seus programas e formatos mais conhecidos produzidos por suas muitas subsidiárias (passadas e presentes) são:

Ligações externas

Empresas produtoras de televisão do Brasil
Ex-subsidiárias do Grupo Globo
Endemol
Empresas fundadas em 2001

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Kawaii Origami has everything you need to make your very own Kawaii origami creations-from an origami ice cream cone to an origami cat-all in one pack! With 50 sheets of adorable origami paper and 25 Kawaii-style origami projects with step-by-step instructions from Paper Kawaii expert Chrissy Pushkin. Jump right in and start folding your way to cute with these Kawaii origami creations-from a multi-flavored ice cream cone to a super cute kitty cat-everything you need to get started is included in this pack! From the creator of the popular website Paper Kawaii, author Chrissy Pushkin combines two beloved Japanese art forms, Kawaii pop-art style and origami, in this book and paper pack. With a tutorial on basic folds, 25 easy-to-follow and illustrated projects, and 50 colorful origami papers to get you started, you will be creating stunning and unique origami pieces like a pro in no time, like a traditional bento box, a shimmering twinkle star, a mini drawer to stash your stuff, and an origami trash bin, which received 3 million YouTube views alone!


William Hunt explores the conventions surrounding the experience of live performance and the way that author and audience can relate to each other in these situations, addressing themes such as empathy, truth and theatricality in everyday life. His endurance-related performances involve a degree of musical performativity played out under some situation of physical duress: hanging upside down, spinning on a turntable and under water. This sculptural gravitas, not only emphasises physical daring, it succeeds in echoing some of the tennets of romanticism: invoking an emotional reaction as a source of aesthetic experience, through trepidation and the awe experienced in confronting natural physical forces.


Why do vane actuators consistently outlast rack and pinion and scotch yoke actuators? The truth is in the gears.
Surface wear, contact fatigue, scuffing and tooth bending are all real-life issues when dealing with gears. Surface wear affects gear contact in such a way that accelerates failure modes by increasing contact stresses and load distributions. This always leads to reduced accuracy and loss of smooth operation. Wear can never be completely eliminated, and over time, progresses at a more rapid rate.
Sliding stress - causes surface fatigue damage.
Rolling stress - causes contact fatigue damage.
Bending stress - like a cantilever beam, always deforms.
Pure simplicity - the rotary vane.
One moving part. No gears.
The rotary vane actuator design is based upon a single moving part which eliminates gears required to convert linear motion to rotary motion. This simple and innovative concept provides an extremely reliable mechanism for operating valves, drives and dampers.
Another advantage rotary vane actuators have over rack & pinion and scotch yoke actuators is in smoothness and accuracy of control. The more mechanical connections the actuator has, the greater the cumulative hysteresis, and the lower the control responsiveness and accuracy.
For long, trouble-free performance, choose a rotary vane actuator for your next valve actuation or damper drive requirement. You'll be very glad in the long run.
What Is a Vane Actuator?


Just about everything these days. I just retired after 28 years with UPS and I am enjoying every minute of it.
Cruise to all parts of the Carribean, Arizona, My sister has a lake house on Lake Barkley in KY and we spend alot of time there. Albie and I are going to Punta Cana DR in August for his 60th birthday with a group of friends.
Sandra Hinson Valdes has a birthday today.
Sandra Hinson Valdes has a birthday today. New comment added.
James Von Dolteren posted a message on Sandra Hinson's Profile.
Happy birthday Sandra hope you have a great day and many happy returns.
Happy birthday, Sandra and many more in your future.


text:
Campus Publications and Media /
American Catholic Studies /
Back Issues /
Spring 2009 - Vol. 120, No. 1
American Catholic Studies
Subscribe to the ACS
In our lead article, "Meeting Multiple Demands: Catholic Higher Education for Women in Chicago, 1911-1939," Ann Marie Ryan (Loyola University, Chicago) compares four diverse Catholic institutions, finding that the expansion of higher education for women was driven largely to prepare sister teachers. It was also driven, however, by the demand of Catholic women who had educational aspirations beyond those considered acceptable at the time.
"From the Melting Pot to the Multicultural Table: Filipino Catholics in Los Angeles," by Kathleen Garces-Foley (Marymount University) explains how the American Catholic Church's response to ethnic diversity and immigration has evolved during the past century form assimilation to cultural pluralism to multiculturalism. She examines this changing stance through the experience of Filipinos in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles.
The story of the Sister Formation Conference (SFC) has drawn the attention of a number of historians. Founded in 1954, the SFC changed its name in 1976 to the Religious Formation Conference (RFC) when it included secular institutes and congregations of male religious. Regina Siegfried, ASC, who teaches a group of inter-community novices in St. Louis, explains the Conference's stress on educating religious for their role in an increasingly global society.
William Portier (University of Dayton) in his cover essay, "Divided Friends: Portraits of the Roman Catholic Modernist Crisis in the United States," says that the modernist crisis "ripped through Catholic intellectual life like a tragic storm." He tells us of John R. Slattery and Denis J. O'Connell, and William L. Sullivan and Joseph McSorley, two pairs of friends, caught in the midst of this tragic storm. Review the pictures of these four priests and let Portier describe the agonized personal decisions that set friend against friend.
Our bi-annual selection of dissertation abstracts appears in this issue, and a nice range of timely book reviews.
There is one more item to note. Nine years ago, Monsignor Timothy M. Dolan, then at the North American College in Rome, joined the Publication Committee of American Catholic Studies. A professional historian, he is the author of Some Seed Fell on Good Ground: the Life of Edwin V. O'Hara (The Catholic University Press of America, 1992) and other books and articles. He has conscientiously served as a reader of manuscripts in his field, even while serving as the Archbishop of Milwaukee. Pope Benedict XVI has now named him to succeed the retiring Cardinal Edward M. Egan. His installation as the Archbishop of New York is scheduled for April 15. In his new position of service and leadership, he has the prayers and best wishes of American Catholic Studies and the American Catholic Historical Society.
Rodger Van Allen, Co-editor
Index of Issues
Winter 2018 Vol. 129, No. 4
Fall 2018 Vol. 129, No. 3
Summer 2018 Vol. 129, No. 2
Spring 2018 Vol. 129, No.1
Spring 2015 Vol. 126, No. 1
Fall 2013 Vol 124, No. 3
Winter 2011 Vol. 122, No.4
Fall/Winter 2002 Vol. 113, No. 3
Spring/Summer 2002 Vol. 113, No. 1
Spring/Winter 2001 Vol. 112, No. 1