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Global Corruption and the Role of Government
Political corruption has been around for all of recorded history; indeed, it was a matter of concern and punishment, for instance, in ancient Rome. It pervades every country in the world today. The Berlin-based non-profit, Transparency International, surveys various forms and types of political and related corruption everywhere around the global. And its 2016 report demonstrates that it is a worsening problem, everywhere; and in some places around the world it envelopes the livings of almost all those merely attempting to go about the ordinary affairs of daily life.
The question is, why? Also every year, the Heritage Foundation sponsors the publication of the Index of Economic Freedom. Over 180 countries around the world are ranked in terms of a set of criteria of how free the economies of these nations are, in terms of regulation, fiscal burden, monetary stability, and a variety of other measures.
When these two indices – of political corruption and degrees of economic freedom – are juxtaposed, what stands out clearly and inescapably is that the greater the government regulation, control and manipulation of the economic affairs within a nation, the greater the degree of likely and pervasive political corruption, including bribery, within that society.
Only by reducing the size, scope and regulatory, interventionist and economic planning presence of the government can political corruption and abuse be removed from everyday life.
by Richard Ebeling
The corruption of government officials seems to be as old as recorded history. For example, the ancient Roman senate passed laws against such political corruption in the first century, B.C. They defined a corrupt act as "whenever money is taken and a publicly-conferred duty is violated."
Local magistrates in the Roman Empire were permitted to legally receive cash gifts of up to 100 gold pieces a year, but anything beyond this amount was considered "filth." There was also a separate criminal category against what was called concussio, or the "shakedown" and "extortion." A Roman official might claim to have a legal order against someone, and demand a bribe not to enforce it against the individual's person or property.
Emperor Constantine issued one of the strongest decrees against corruption during this time in A.D. 331. Those found guilty of such crimes might be exiled to an isolated island or a far-off rural area, while others might even be condemned to death. A judge, for example, might be executed if he had acquitted someone guilty of murder for the right price.
Corruption Today in Europe and North America
High levels of political corruption remain today one of the major problems confronting people around the world. While most of us think of such corruption as primarily impacting the hundreds of millions who live in the underdeveloped and developing parts of the globe, it touches those of us fortunate enough to live in the industrially developed Western democracies.
The Berlin-based non-profit organization, Transparency International (TI), annually surveys various forms of corruption around the world by various measures and types. A score of 100 in their 2016 Corruption Perception Index means the absence of any political corruption. A score approaching zero suggests a society in which little happens or gets done without layers of governmentally corrupt processes for people to get through in their daily lives. TI points out that "No country gets close to a perfect score" on the index.
However, according to Transparency International many of the least corrupt nations around the world are in the European Union and North America. In fact, Denmark ranks the least corrupt worldwide, followed by New Zealand. Among the remaining top ten of least corrupt countries area: Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Norway, Singapore, the Netherlands, Canada and Germany. All of them have scores of 80 or better on TI's scale of 100 having zero corruption.
The United States, however, is only ranked 18 with a score of 74. That placed America just below Belgium, Hong Kong and Austria. But the U.S. did rank above Ireland, Japan and Uruguay. And, happy to report, America is above France, which had a score of only 69.
The most corrupt nations of the EU, perhaps not surprisingly, are in Eastern Europe, in those countries that had been part of the former Soviet bloc. Poland only scored 62, followed by Slovenia (61), Lithuania (59), Latvia (57), Czech Republic (55), Slovakia ((51), and Hungary and Romania (58). On the other hand, Greece, a longtime member of the EU, only earned a score of 44.
Former Soviet republics further to the east are far worse. The Russian Federation and Ukraine only scored 29, with the former Soviet republics in central Asia – Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, for instance – barely making it above the low 20s range on the scale.
Corruption and Bribery in Africa, Asia and Latin America
The lowest TI scores are generally earned in Africa and parts of the Middle East and Asia, with some other very corrupt countries in Latin America. The most corrupt countries on the planet, according to TI, are Somalia (10), South Sudan (11), North Korea (12), Syria (13), Yemen (14), Sudan (14), Libya (14), and Afghanistan (15). But in corruption depravity, Venezuela, Iraq, and Haiti are not far behind them.
In fact, on the Transparency International scale there are hardly any countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa or Latin America that make it even to the 40s mark on their political corruption scale. The vast majority of the countries in these parts of the world are in the 30s and 20s, or less levels under TI's scale.
As part of their annual survey on global corruption a few years ago, TI also asked people the frequency with which they had to pay bribes to government officials of one type or another in attempts to get by in their daily lives. In North America, one percent of Canadians surveyed said they bribed someone in government. In the United States that reply was given by two percent of the people asked.
But even in countries that have long been members of the EU bribery was reported. The worst occurred in Greece, where 27 percent of the people said they paid bribes during the preceding year. In most of Western Europe the bribery level was around 2-3 percent of the population, though the number was 6 percent in Luxembourg. (The bribery question was not asked in Germany and Italy.)
Bribery is far more endemic in the rest of the world. Africa suffers from political bribery the most, with 42 percent of all those in the countries surveyed saying they had paid bribes. The most extreme case was found by TI in Cameroon, where 79 percent—almost four out of every five people—admitted paying bribes, with the number being 40 percent of the people in neighboring Nigeria.
In Asia, the overall rate of bribe giving was reported to be 22 percent of the population. The highest rates were found in Cambodia (72 percent), Pakistan (44 percent), the Philippines (32 percent), Indonesia (31 percent), India (25 per- cent), and Vietnam (14 percent).
Finally, in Latin America, the average bribery rate was recorded at 13 percent of the people. But as in the rest of the world, it varies from country to country. Among the handful of Latin American countries surveyed, the highest rate was in the Dominican Republic with 28 percent. Bolivia followed with 27 percent.
Around the globe, the most bribes are paid to the police. In Africa, 47 percent of the respondents said they bribed the police; in Asia, 33 percent; in Latin America, 23 percent; and in Eastern Europe, almost 20 percent. Worldwide, about 17 percent of the people in the survey paid bribes to the members of law enforcement.
Bribing people in the judicial system came next, with the global response being about 8 percent of all those surveyed. About the same percentage around the world said they bribed government agents for business licenses and permits, though again the highest rates were in Africa (23 percent) and Asia (17 percent). But even in the United States and Canada around 3 percent admitted paying such bribes.
Medical care is also a major area for such corruption. In Africa, 24 percent of the respondents said they paid bribes for access to medical services; in Asia, the response was 10 percent; in Russia and Ukraine, 13 percent; in Eastern Europe, 8 percent; in the EU, almost 5 percent; and in North America, 2 percent.
Corruption and Government Intervention in the Marketplace
Political corruption, clearly, is found everywhere around the world and people, regardless of where they live, do not expect it to go away anytime soon. Yet, in spite of its global dimension, corruption pervades some parts of the world more than others, and permeates certain corners of society to a greater degree. Why?
Part of the answer certainly relates to issues surrounding ethics and culture. The higher the degree of personal honesty and allegiance to ethical codes of conduct, the more we might expect people to resist the temptations of offering or taking bribes. However, economic and business analyst, Ian Senior, in his, Corruption—the World's Big C: Cases, Causes, Consequences, Cures (2006), concluded that there were no significant correlations between high degrees of personal honesty and religious practice and less bribe-taking around the world.
A far stronger explanation can be found in the relationship between the level of corruption in society and the degree of government intervention in the marketplace. In a generally free market society, government is limited to the protection of the citizenry's life, liberty, and honestly acquired property. The rule of law is transparent and assures impartial justice for all. Any other functions taken on by the government are few in number, such as a variety of public works projects.
Under these circumstances, government officials have few regulatory or redistributive responsibilities, and therefore they have few special favors, privileges, benefits, or dispensations to "sell" to some in the private sector at the expense of others in society. The smaller the range of government activities, therefore, the less politicians or bureaucrats have to sell to voters and special interest groups. And the smaller the incentive or need for citizens to have to bribe government officials to allow them to peacefully go about their private business and personal affairs.
On the other hand, the very nature of the regulated economy in the interventionist state is to short-circuit the free market. The interventionist state goes beyond protecting people's lives and property. Those in power in the interventionist state intervene by using government authority to influence the outcomes of the market through the application of political force.
The government taxes the public and has huge sums of money to disburse to various programs and projects. It imposes licensing and regulatory restrictions on free and open competition. It transfers great amounts of income and wealth to different groups through sundry "redistributive" schemes. It controls how and for what purpose people may use and dispose of their own property. It paternalistically imposes legal standards influencing the ways we may live, learn, associate, and interact with others around us.
Those in the government who wield these powers hold the fate of virtually everyone in their decision-making hands. It is inevitable that those drawn to employment in the political arena often will see the potential for personal gain in how and for whose benefit or harm they apply their vast life-determining decrees and decisions. Some will be attracted to such "public service" because they are motivated by ideological visions they dream of imposing for the "good of humanity."
Some will see that bribing those holding this political power is the only means to attain their ends. This may be to restrict or prohibit competition in their own corner of the market or to acquire other people's money through coercive redistribution. For others, however, bribing those who hold the regulatory reins may be the only way to get around restrictions that prevent them from competing on the market and earning a living.
The business of the interventionist state, therefore, is the buying and selling of favors and privileges. It must lead to corruption, because by necessity it uses political power to harm some for the benefit of others, and those expecting to be either harmed or benefited will inevitably try to influence what those holding power do with it.
The Correlation between Economic Freedom and Freedom from Corruption
For 23 years the Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C., have sponsored an annual Index of Economic Freedom (IEF). The IEF tracks a series of 10 measured indicators that include the following: (1) business freedom; (2) trade freedom; (3) level of fiscal burden; (4) size of government; (5) degree of monetary stability; (6) investment freedom; (7) financial freedom; (8) protected private property rights and the general rule of law; (9) flexible labor markets; and (10) freedom from corruption.
The premise is that the greater the degree of individual freedom, the more secure property rights, the smaller the size and intrusiveness of government in the marketplace, and the greater the open competitive market environment at home and in foreign trade, then the more likely a society will experience rising prosperity and higher standards of living over time.
No country in the world is free from some degree of government intervention and regulation. The nineteenth century era of relatively laissez-faire, unfortunately, has been long gone. But the extent to which governments intrude into the economic, social, and personal activities of their citizens does vary significantly around the globe. This includes the extent to which citizens are protected by an impartial enforcement of the rule of law, have the freedoms of association, the press, and religion, and the right to democratically participate in the selection of those who hold political office.
The Index of Economic Freedom, in its 2017 edition, estimates that based on composite scores of all ten indicators, the greatest amount of economic freedom can be found in the following parts of the world: Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Switzerland, Australia, Estonia, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Ireland, and Chile. The United States ranks only 17 in the world by the Index of Economic Freedom benchmarks. Ten years ago, before the Barack Obama presidency, America ranked fourth in the world.
Regionally, North America, Western Europe, and Australia/New Zealand are estimated by Transparency International to be the areas of the world in which the lowest rates of corruption are to be found. The Index of Economic Freedom also ranks these parts of the globe as generally having the greatest amount of economic freedom, or the least intrusion of government intervention (broadly defined) within the marketplace.
On the other hand, Africa, Asia, and Latin America are the parts of the globe with the highest reported amounts of bribery, and are also the areas that IEF estimates as far lower in the global rankings for degrees of economic freedom. Among the 180 countries included in the Index of Economic Freedom, many (though certainly not all) of the ones that Transparency International estimates as having particularly high levels of corruption are ranked at the bottom one-third in terms of economic freedom from government intrusion.
The correlation between a global low ranking in terms of economic freedom and a high reported rate of political corruption is certainly not one-to-one. There are many variables at work, including the extent to which different types of freedom used in the IEF surveys are restricted in the respective countries. Thus, domestic property rights might be legally more secure in one country compared to others, but that country may have a higher rate of price inflation and more restricted labor markets, resulting in it having a lower economic freedom ranking in the index compared to other nations.
But the assertion can be safely made that the wider and more intrusive the degree of government intervention, the greater the likelihood of a higher level of experienced and perceived corruption. The more the government regulates, controls, and interferes with transactions in the marketplace (e.g., through price and production controls, or import and export restrictions and quotas, or business licensing and permit rules, or high, complex, and arbitrary taxation), the more need and incentive for people to bribe those in political power to free or reduce the heavy hand of government over their lives.
Ending global political corruption in its various "petty" and "grand" forms, therefore, will only come with the removal of government from social and economic life. When government is limited to protecting our lives and property, there will be little left to buy and sell politically. Corruption then will be an infrequent annoyance and occasional scandal, rather than an inescapable aspect of today's social and economic life around the world.
Dr. Richard Ebeling is the BB&T Distinguished Professor of Ethics and Free Enterprise Leadership at The Citadel, in Charleston, South Carolina.
Dr. Ebeling is the author of Austrian Economics and Public Policy: Restoring Freedom and Prosperity (2016); Monetary Central Planning and the State (2015) as well as the author of Political Economy, Public Policy, and Monetary Economics: Ludwig von Mises and the Austrian Tradition (2010) and Austrian Economics and the Political Economy of Freedom (2003). And the editor of the three-volume, Selected Writing of Ludwig von Mises, published by Liberty Fund.
He is also the co-editor of When We Are Free (Northwood University Press, 2014), an anthology of essays devoted to the moral, political and economic principles of the free society, and co-author of the seven-volume, In Defense of Capitalism (Northwood University Press, 2010-2016).
Visit Dr. Ebeling's Archive here…
There is growing interest among U.S. politicians for a form of national sales tax known as the value-added tax (VAT). But rather than use the VAT to replace the income tax, the politicians want a new source of revenue to expand the burden of government.Dan J. Mitchell


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Without releasing the left click, go to start->Programs->Startup->and release the left click on menu what appear. Now you have the desired program in your startup, so if you restart your computer, at start automatically start this program.


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Q: Make user required to complete profile info first before checking out I'm very new to Django and trying to create my first e-commerce website.
I have a "User" app which the user could go there and enter their name, and address.
The problem i'm facing is that I want the user to complete the profile first before they could checkout from the shopping cart. If the user didn't create the profile yet, i want to redirect them to that url.
I have a very little knowledge on authentication, so please someone help giving me some clue

A: Add something to the User Model:
 class User(models.Model):
    ...
    profileComplete = models.BooleanField(default=False)

And after completing the form, set profileComplete to True
Then create some middleware that checks if the profile is completed, and redirect the user if prfile is not complete.
Another way would be to create a decorator that checks the value of User.profileComplete

A: if you need to check does user authenticated you can use folowing code
if request.user.is_authenticated:
    #some code here
else:
    return redirect('url to fill profile')

if you need to check does address exist in user profile you can use
if request.user.address:
    #some code here
else:
    return redirect('url to fill profile')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Franks is an intense nut job head case. I'm starting to like him a lot. He's off the rails... with a cannon for an arm. Can he control the FFS? Surpass it? Overcome? Mullen bees whispering. Go Gators!
The completion percentage still worries me, but the low turnovers and not taking the negative plays is making all the difference this year.
Some talking head was saying that we should expect to see significantly more QB runs from Franks going forward, and Mullen has been suggesting he needs to do more in that area. I actually kind of hope that isn't the case. His confidence is up, he's managing the game to wins, having a few very limited timely QB runs, and we have stud backs and an improving line. Lets see more of the P-Backs earlier in games and let FF do what he is doing. All we need is a few critical fumbles to rattle him, or worse yet an injury leading to Trask Time.
Franks is far from perfect, but he is getting better every game and making key plays.
He has a fantastic throw to Hammond in the LSU game and the throw to Jefferson was fantastic.
He also took a huge hit in the game and got up and kept playing. If he continues to improve he will be in the NFL at the end of his career. Not sure how long he will stay, but he will get a shot.
I keep telling you guys. Franks will be all SEC before he leaves UF. If Mullen can pull in some top 5 classes we'll be back on top. Franks is going to be a first round pick because of Mullen.
I said the same thing to my friends. He has all the physical tools. He can throw it through a brick wall.
This is probably my favorite post from our I AM A MAN fisherman MGTOW dude.
If it's the play I'm thinking of, he actually delivered that hit Tebow-style.
Seems like he threw 2 nice ones to Hammond. One left side and one right side. Jeffersons catch was awesome.
To piggy back, getting that ball to Grimes that Grimes should have caught was great as well. I think the guy, as I've said since the pre-season, is a guy that is further behind than most QB's due to not having a coach or OC in HS or College thus far, but ahead of the curve on raw talent. Definitely a lot to work on, but like lagator said, him not turning it over or taking the negative plays has been a big difference.
Grimes almost caught that one...probably had nightmares that night..
Nightmares only if we lost the game. Hard to sleep because Gators win another big one. I'll bet ya Felipe was up all night Saturday high AF like some crazed owl. Ears still buzzing from the Swamp.
I was rooting big for Trask Time, but now it's too late. We gotta ride the FFS train the rest of the way, barring injury. I give the kid credit. He works hard. He's progressing. I totally agree, don't ruin him with risky B.S. better suited for other QB's.
Yep, Franks has all the tools to be a complete QB. And he's learning while winning beyond expectations.
The unteachable skill that he can rocket the pass is great. Franks with DM will pull it all together. He will become the offensive leader of this team, really responsible for TD drives. He will click with our fine RBs. Our Offense will be hard to contain.
. If he continues to improve he will be in the NFL at the end of his career. Not sure how long he will stay, but he will get a shot.
Oh, he will be in the NFL for a while even if he left this year, and he is eligible.
Teams love tall guys with big arms and figure they can fix the rest (see Driskel, Jeff George and dozens of other examples).
Every time he turns loose a "long" pass I still find myself holding my breath. He's really made strides but it's gonna take awhile to erase the horrors of last year.
I was definitely NOT the shining example of my avatar when he threw that pick in the end zone.
There was a play where he got hit twice in the pocket and bent backward. Looked painful.


text:
The faithful companion of any Dungeon Master for D&D 5E

#### Planned Features
* Player's Handbook Consulting
* * Add SCAG races and variants
* * Add classes' features' descriptions
* * Backgrounds
* * Feats
* * Equipments
* * * Armors
* * * Weapons
* * * Adventuring Goods
* * * Tools
* * * Packs
* * Downtime, Traveling & Services
* * * Lifestyles
* * * Services' costs
* * * Traveling speed
* * * Downtime activities
* * Other
* * * Experience table
* * * Conditions
* * * Trinkets table
* * * Magic surge table
* * Spells
* * * Spell lists
* * * Spells' descriptions

* Dungeon Master's Guide
* * Encounter Calculators
* * * Encounter difficulty calibration
* * * Monster builder (helps calculating challenge rating and generates printer-friendly stat blocks)
* * Object statistics
* * Chase table
* * Madness' tables
* * Treasure generator
* * Salable magic items' tables
* * (what more?)

* Monster Manual
* * Monster database
* * Search by CR, type and other statistics

* Random Dungeon Generator (DMG-like)

* Unofficial content
* * Sample encounter tables
* * Fan-made adventures
* * Fan-made spells
* * Fan-made magic items
* * Fan-made monsters
* * Fan-made class options
* * Fan-made prestige classes
* * Fan-made races, subraces and variants
* * Critical hit and critical failure tables

* Dice roller

* Character Sheet Helper
* * Name generator
* * Sample characters
* * Characeter builds and guides

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Forests are of tremendous ecological and economic importance. They provide natural places for recreation, clean drinking water, and important habitats for fish and wildlife. However, the warmer temperatures and harsher droughts in the west that are related to climate change are causing die-offs of many trees. Outbreaks of insects, like the mountain pine beetle, that kill trees are also more likely in warmer, drier conditions.
To maintain healthy and functioning forest ecosystems, one action forest managers can take is to make management decisions that will help forests adapt to future climate change. However, adaptation is a process based on genetic change and few tools are currently available for managers to use to incorporate genetic information into management decision-making. Information is needed that links the responses of trees to environmental change and to develop genetic profiles of resistant trees. This information could then be used in screening for adaptive genetic traits and to assess genetic diversity.
This project will help gather that information through a pilot study focusing on mountain pine beetles and whitebark pine trees in western Montana. Researchers are investigating whether the current mountain pine beetle outbreak has resulted in the selection (survival and reproduction) of drought tolerant, and consequently, beetle resistant whitebark pines. They will examine tree core samples, tree resin, and pine needles to understand characteristics of the remaining forests and to collect DNA. From this work, the team expects to develop an easy and economical approach for screening whitebark pine trees for drought tolerance, beetle resistance, and genetic diversity that can be used in the conservation and restoration of this threatened, ecologically important high elevation tree, and other conifers experiencing climate-driven bark beetle outbreaks.


text:
Massive Stellar Winds Are Made Of Tiny Pieces
February 12, 2013 George Arnold	Leave a comment
ESA's XMM-Newton space observatory has completed the most detailed study ever of the fierce wind from a giant star, showing for the first time that it is not a uniform breeze but is fragmented into hundreds of thousands of pieces.
Massive stars are relatively rare, but play a very important role in recycling materials in the Universe. They burn their nuclear fuel much more rapidly than stars like the Sun, living only for millions of years before exploding as a supernova and returning most of their matter to space.
But even during their brief lives, they lose a significant fraction of their mass through fierce winds of gas driven off their surfaces by the intense light emitted from the star. The winds from massive stars are at least a hundred million times stronger than the solar wind emitted by our own Sun and can significantly shape their surrounding environment.
Full Story: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Massive_stellar_winds_are_made_of_tiny_pieces
Categories: Agencies & Organisations, Astronomy, Astrophysics, ESA (European Space Agency), General Astronomy, Stars, X-Rays Tags: astronomy, astrophysics, ESA, Nature, news, science, space, stars, X-rays, xmm newton
Gamma Ray Camera Will Give New Insights Into The Birth And Evolution Of Stars
A major step forward in our understanding of the structure and behaviour of some of the most elusive atomic nuclei in existence, some of which occur only briefly on the surface of exploding stars, is now taking place thanks to the first experiments to come from the new Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA).
AGATA has been developed by the STFC's Nuclear Physics Group, and a group of UK Universities funded by STFC, with the aim of studying the very rarest and heaviest elements predicted to exist. This is research that could answer some of the most fundamental questions about our universe. AGATA is currently based at the GSI (link opens in a new window) Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany.
A thousand times more sensitive than any previous detector built, and with an unparalleled level of sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation, AGATA will, at final set up, be able to observe the structure and interior of these rare and exotic nuclei by measuring the gamma rays they emit as they decay. The exciting potential of this spectrometer led to the creation of the international AGATA collaboration of 12 European counties involving 40 institutions.
Full Story: http://www.stfc.ac.uk/News%20and%20Events/43392.aspx
Categories: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Gamma Ray Bursts, General Astronomy, Stars Tags: astronomy, astrophysics, gamma-rays, Nature, news, science, space, stars
A Valentine Rose
February 12, 2013 George Arnold	1 comment
Credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) and H. Schweiker (WIYN and NOAO/AURA/NSF)
This image of a planetary nebula, which may suggest a rose to some, was obtained with the wide-field view of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) Mosaic 1 camera on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory.
Sh2-174 is an unusual ancient planetary nebula. A planetary nebula is created when a low-mass star blows off its outer layers at the end of its life. The core of the star remains and is called a white dwarf. Usually the white dwarf can be found very near the center of the planetary nebula. But in the case of Sh2-174 it is off to the right.
Full Story: http://www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1301.php
Categories: Astronomy, General Astronomy, Nebulae Tags: astronomy, Nature, news, planetary nebula, science, space

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Everything You Should Know About "The Merge"
Asher M. Macdonald
September 12, 2022 | Download PDF
Around September 15th, 2022, the ethereum blockchain will hit its terminal total difficulty and transition to a new consensus mechanism, moving from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake.
This upcoming event is known as "The Merge", and it is a huge deal.
Associate, Asher Macdonald, discusses the details of "The Merge" in detail within the video below.
For now, here is a summary of what you need to know:
1. Currently, in Proof-of-Work consensus, miners (individuals or consortiums) purchase hardware and consume electricity to solve cryptographic problems in a race to be the party who proposes a validated block to the chain.
This is because the party who proposes a validated block receives a reward in the chain's currency.
This is how Bitcoin or Ether (currently) is created and distributed, and the Proof-of-Work model is how blockchains as we know them were first implemented, going back to Satoshi's whitepaper on Bitcoin in 2008.
2. Proof-of-Stake eliminates the need to consume electricity to validate transactions and propose a block. There will no longer be any miners of ethereum, and no more races to solve math problems.
Instead, parties must stake (in other words, ante up) 32 Ether to participate in block validation efforts. By staking, these parties will be locking their 32 Ether into a smart contract programmed into the blockchain.
3. The risk is that if they are a bad actor and validate improper or false transactions, their stake will be slashed (in other words, a portion of the money they've invested will go poof).
As a reward for participation and validating proper and true transactions, stakers will continuously receive new Ether that works out yearly to a small proportion of their 32 locked Ether.
Further, successful block proposers will be rewarded with a chunk of Ether reaped from "tips" that accompanied all transactions within that block.
Watch the full video here:


text:
Travel & Escape
Real Estate, Breaking News, Finance | Happy Home Magazine
Radiation equipment may not have correctly targeted 25 cervical cancer patients
The Juravinski Cancer Centre says 25 cervical cancer patients may not have received radiation in the exact location where it was intended due to the wrong length of equipment used for treatment.
The announcement impacts cervical cancer patients who had a specific form of radiation therapy called brachytherapy, or BT, at the Juravinski Cancer Centre in 2017 and 2018.
The incorrect length of a "guide tube" in the BT equipment means that radiation may not have been delivered on the exact point where it was intended, Hamilton Health Sciences (HHS) said in a media release.
HHS has replaced the BT equipment and paused the specific therapy at the JCC.
'We have apologized'
The cancer centre says staff and physicians have met with all women who may have been affected, and has put "proactive and expedited" care plans in place to monitor the women closely over the coming weeks.
"We have apologized to all the patients regarding this matter. We also understand the anxiety this likely causes them and their families," said president and chief executive officer Rob MacIsaac in a media release.
"Our physicians, nurses and the other members of our teams at the JCC, and across HHS, care deeply about our patients and are distraught that patients might be affected. We are working diligently to ensure the integrity of our services moving forward."
The issue was discovered Nov. 27, but the cause of the issue has not been identified, says HHS.
"Once known, the results of the review will guide the strengthening of our quality assurance and help restore the trust of our patients in the care we provide," read Wednesday's HHS release.
The equipment features tubes to position radiation internally on a very precise area. The length of one of the guide tubes used to deliver radiation to the cervix was longer than it should have been.
HHS says external experts will conduct a review of their radiation therapy program.
It says no other patients at the JCC are affected.
"This was an unfortunate and rare occurrence and we apologize to our patients. It is isolated to an issue with the equipment only used for BT for cervical cancer patients," said the release.
Ralph Meyer, vice president of oncology and palliative care and regional vice president of Cancer Care Ontario, also commented on the matter.
"We have informed all patients involved in this matter and apologized to them and their families. We deeply regret that this occurred. Everyone at the JCC is committed to providing treatment that is effective and safe. We will evaluate our processes thoroughly and remedy any gaps in our care," said Meyer in a release.
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Sweet! Here are 7 reasons to eat sweet potatoes
(Natural News) Sweet potatoes may not be as popular as regular potatoes, which is too bad — since they're packed with vitamins and minerals. One cup of sweet potatoes can provide more than 100 percent of the daily value of vitamin A. It's also rich in vitamin C, dietary fiber, and manganese. Both purple and orange varieties contain antioxidants that can protect the body from damage caused by free radicals.
Eating sweet potatoes is beneficial for your health
Sweet potatoes are brimming with micronutrients and antioxidants — making them useful to your health. Below is a list of reasons why you should incorporate sweet potatoes into your diet.
They improve brain function
The purple variety of sweet potato contains anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have revealed that anthocyanins are effective at improving cognitive function. Moreover, the results suggest that purple yams can help protect against memory loss. Antioxidants from the purple variety safeguard the brain against damage from free radicals and inflammation.
They aid digestion
Sweet potatoes are rich in dietary fiber. This macronutrient prevents constipation, diarrhea, and bloating by adding bulk and drawing water to the stool. In addition, fiber keeps a healthy balance in the gut by promoting the growth of good bacteria.
They slow down aging
The beta-carotene in orange sweet potatoes can help reduce damage caused by prolonged sun exposure. This is especially true for people diagnosed with erythropoietic protoporphyria and other photosensitive diseases. Sweet potatoes also contain antioxidants that protect against free radical damage. Free radicals are not only linked to diseases but also premature aging.
They boost the immune system
Orange and purple sweet potatoes are loaded with a good number of antioxidants that help protect the body from harmful molecules that cause inflammation and damage DNA. This, in turn, protects the body from chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease.
They can prevent cancer
Eating sweet potatoes can help protect against various types of cancers. The compounds in sweet potatoes restrict the development of cancer cells. Test tube studies have shown that anthocyanins can prevent cancers in the bladder, breast, colon, and stomach.
They lower blood sugar
Despite its relatively high glycemic index, studies have shown that the regular intake of sweet potatoes can help lower blood sugar, thanks to the presence of dietary fiber. While fiber falls under carbohydrates, it is digested differently, compared to starchy and sugary forms of carbohydrates. Interestingly, insulin doesn't process fiber (unlike other types which get turned into glucose), and it only passes through the digestive tract.
They promote healthy vision
Orange sweet potatoes are rich in a compound called beta-carotene, an antioxidant which transforms into vitamin A in the body. Adequate intake of vitamin A promotes eye health. Conversely, deficiencies in vitamin A have been linked to a particular type of blindness called xerophthalmia.
Sweet potatoes are easy to incorporate into your everyday meals. They are best prepared boiled but can also be baked, roasted, or steamed — they can even replace other carbohydrates such as rice, potatoes, and toast. (Related: Understanding the phytochemical and nutrient content of sweet potato flours from Vietnam.)
Frostbite: What it is and how to identify, treat it
Manitoba's temperature has plummeted to its coldest level this season, triggering warnings about the extreme risk of frostbite.
Oh, we know it's cold. We can feel Jack Frost nipping at our noses. But what about when he gnaws a little harder — what exactly does "frostbite" mean?
People tend to underestimate the potential for severe injuries in the cold, says the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority. We laugh off the sting of the deep freeze, rub our hands back from the brink of numbness and wear our survival proudly like a badge.
That's because, in most cases, frostbite can be treated fairly easily, with no long-term effects.
But it can also lead to serious injury, including permanent numbness or tingling, joint stiffness, or muscle weakness. In extreme cases, it can lead to amputation.
Bitter cold can cause frostbite in just minutes. Here's how to recognize the warning signs and treat them. 0:59
Here's a guide to identifying the first signs, how to treat them, and when to seek medical help.
What is frostbite and frostnip?
Frostbite is defined as bodily injury caused by freezing that results in loss of feeling and colour in affected areas. It most often affects the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers or toes — those areas most often exposed to the air.
Cooling of the body causes a narrowing of the blood vessels, slowing blood flow. In temperatures below –4 C, ice crystals can form in the skin and the tissue just below it.
Frostnip most commonly affects the hands and feet. It initially causes cold, burning pain, with the area affected becoming blanched. It is easy to treat and with rewarming, the area becomes reddened.
Frostbite is the acute version of frostnip, when the soft tissue actually freezes. The risk is particularly dangerous on days with a high wind chill factor. If not quickly and properly treated, it can lead to the loss of tissues or even limbs.
Health officials call them the four P's:
Pink: Skin appears reddish in colour, and this is usually the first sign.
Pain: The cold becomes painful on skin.
Patches: White, waxy-feeling patches show when skin is dying.
Prickles: Affected areas feel numb or have reduced sensation.
Symptoms can also include:
Reduced body temperature.
Swelling.
Blisters.
Areas that are initially cold, hard to the touch.
Take quick action
If you do get frostbite, it is important to take quick action.
Most cases of frostbite can be treated by heating the exposed area in warm (not hot) water.
Immersion in warm water should continue for 20-30 minutes until the exposed area starts to turn pink, indicating the return of blood circulation.
Use a warm, wet washcloth on frostbitten nose or earlobes.
If you don't have access to warm water, underarms are a good place to warm frostbitten fingers. For feet, put them against a warm person's skin.
Drink hot fluids such as hot chocolate, coffee or tea when warming.
Rest affected limbs and avoid irritation to the skin.
Elevate the affected limb once it is rewarmed.
Rewarming can take up to an hour and can be painful, especially near the end of the process as circulation returns. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may help with the discomfort.
Do not …
There are a number of things you should avoid:
Do not warm the area with dry heat, such as a heating pad, heat lamp or electric heater, because frostbitten skin is easily burned.
Do not rub or massage affected areas. This can cause more damage.
Do not drink alcohol.
Do not walk on your feet or toes if they are frozen.
Do not break blisters.
Seek immediate medical attention
While you can treat frostbite yourself if the symptoms are minor — the skin is red, there is tingling — you should seek immediate medical attention at an emergency department if:
The exposed skin is blackened.
You see white-coloured or grey-coloured patches.
There is severe pain or the area is completely numb.
The skin feels unusually firm and is not sensitive to touch after one hour of rewarming.
There are large areas of blistering.
There is a bluish discolouration that does not resolve with rewarming.
The best way to avoid frostbite is to be prepared for the weather in the first place.
Wear several loose layers of clothing rather than a single, thick layer to provide good insulation and keep moisture away from your skin.
The outer garment should breathe but be waterproof and windproof, with an inner thermal layer. Retain body heat with a hat and scarf. Mittens are warmer than gloves because they keep the fingers together.
Be sure your clothing protects your head, ears, nose, hands and feet, especially for children.
Wind chill and frostbite rates
Wind chill: 0 to –9.
Frostbite risk: Low.
Wind chill: –28 to –39.
Frostbite risk: Moderate.
Exposed skin can freeze in 10-30 minutes
Frostbite risk: High.
Exposed skin can freeze in five to 10 minutes.
Frostbite risk: Very High.
Exposed skin can freeze in two to five minutes.
Wind chill: –55 and lower.
Frostbite risk: Extremely High.
Exposed skin can freeze in less than two minutes.
NOTE: In sustained winds over 50 km/h, frostbite can occur faster than indicated.
Source: Environment Canada
Awkward Flu Jabs Attempted at Golden Globes
In what can only be described as a new level of propaganda, hosts Andy Samberg and Sandra Oh featured a flu shot stunt during the 76th Golden Globe Awards ceremony. They told the audience to roll up their sleeves, as they would all be getting flu shots, while people in white coats stormed down the aisles, syringes in hand.
Most of the audience looked thoroughly uneasy at the prospect of having a stranger stick them with a needle in the middle of an awards show. But perhaps the worst part of the scene was when Samberg added that anti-vaxxers could put a napkin over their head if they wanted to be skipped, basically suggesting that anyone opposed to a flu shot deserved to be branded with a proverbial scarlet letter.
The flu shots, for the record, were reportedly fake,1 nothing more than a bizarre gag that left many people stunned by the Globe's poor taste in turning a serious medical choice into a publicity gimmick.
Flu Shot Stunt Reeks of Desperation
Whoever came up with the idea to turn the Golden Globes into a platform for a public health message probably thought it was ingenious, but the stunt only serves as a seemingly desperate attempt to make flu shots relevant and in vogue. During the 2017 to 2018 flu season, only 37 percent of U.S. adults received a flu shot, a 6 percent drop from the prior season.2
"To improve flu vaccination coverage for the 2018-19 flu season, health care providers are encouraged to strongly recommend and offer flu vaccination to all of their patients," the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wrote. "People not visiting a provider during the flu season have many convenient places they can go for a flu vaccination."3
Yet, perhaps the decline in people choosing to get vaccinated has nothing to do with convenience and everything to do with their dismal rates of efficacy. In the decade between 2005 and 2015, the influenza vaccine was less than 50 percent effective more than half of the time.4
The 2017/2018 flu vaccine was a perfect example of this trend. The overall adjusted vaccine effectiveness against influenza A and B virus infection was just 36 percent.5
Health officials blamed the flu season's severity on the dip in vaccination rates, but as Dr. Paul Auwaerter, clinical director of the division of infectious diseases at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, told USA Today, "[I]t is also true that the vaccine was not as well matched against the strains that circulated."6
But bringing flu shots to the Golden Globes, and calling out "anti-vaxxers," is nothing more than "medical care, by shame," noted Dr. Don Harte, a chiropractic activist in California. "But it was entertaining, in a very weird way, including the shock and disgust of some of the intended victims, notably [Willem Dafoe]," he said, adding:7
"This Hollywood publicity stunt for the flu vaccine is one of the stupidest things I've ever seen from celebrities. But it does go with the flu shot itself, which is, perhaps, the stupidest of all the vaccines available."
Did 80,000 People Really Die From the Flu Last Year?
The CDC reported that 79,400 people died from influenza during the 2017/2018 season, which they said "serves as a reminder of how severe seasonal influenza can be."8 It's important to remember, however, that the 80,000 deaths figure being widely reported in the media is not actually all "flu deaths."
According to the CDC, "We look at death certificates that have pneumonia or influenza causes (P&I), other respiratory and circulatory causes (R&C), or other nonrespiratory, noncirculatory causes of death, because deaths related to flu may not have influenza listed as a cause of death."9
As for why the CDC doesn't base flu mortality estimates only on death certificates that list influenza, they noted, "Seasonal influenza may lead to death from other causes, such as pneumonia, congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease … Additionally, some deaths — particularly among the elderly — are associated with secondary complications of seasonal influenza (including bacterial pneumonias)."10
In other words, "flu deaths" are not just deaths directly caused by the influenza virus, but also secondary infections such as pneumonia and other respiratory diseases, as well as sepsis.11
According to the CDC, most of the deaths occurred among those aged 65 years and over, a population that may already have preexisting conditions that makes them more susceptible to infectious diseases. As Harte said of annual flu deaths, "[M]ost if not all, I would assume, are of people who are already in very bad shape.12
CDC Claims Flu Vaccine Reduces Flu Deaths in the Elderly — But Does It?
Since people aged 65 and over are those most at risk from flu complications and death, the CDC has been vocal in their claims that the flu shot significantly reduces flu-related deaths among this population. The research, however, says otherwise.
Research published in 2005 found no correlation between increased vaccination rates among the elderly and reduced mortality. According to the authors, "Because fewer than 10 percent of all winter deaths were attributable to influenza in any season, we conclude that observational studies substantially overestimate vaccination benefit."13
A 2006 study also showed that even though seniors vaccinated against influenza had a 44 percent reduced risk of dying during flu season than unvaccinated seniors, those who were vaccinated were also 61 percent less like to die before the flu season ever started.14
This finding has since been attributed to a "healthy user effect," which suggests that older people who get vaccinated against influenza are already healthier and, therefore, less likely to die anyway, whereas those who do not get the shot have suffered a decline in health in recent months.
Journalist Jeremy Hammond summed up the CDC's continued spreading of misinformation regarding the flu vaccine's effectiveness in the elderly, as they continue to claim it's the best way to prevent the flu:15
"[T]here is no good scientific evidence to support the CDC's claim that the influenza vaccine reduces hospitalizations or deaths among the elderly.
The types of studies the CDC has relied on to support this claim have been thoroughly discredited due to their systemic 'healthy user' selection bias, and the mortality rate has observably increased along with the increase in vaccine uptake — which the CDC has encouraged with its unevidenced claims about the vaccine's benefits, downplaying of its risks, and a marketing strategy of trying to frighten people into getting the flu shot for themselves and their family."
Death of Vaccinated Child Blamed on Not Getting Second Dose
In January 2019, the state of Colorado reported the first child flu death of the 2018/2019 flu season — a child who had received influenza vaccination. But instead of highlighting the vaccine's failure and clear limitations, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment blamed the death on the child being only "partially vaccinated."
"It's an unfortunate but important reminder of the importance of two doses of influenza vaccine for young children who are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time," Dr. Rachel Herlihy, who is the state communicable disease epidemiologist, said in a news release.16 For those who aren't aware, the CDC notes that one dose of flu shot may not be enough to protect against the flu. Instead, they state:17
"Children 6 months through 8 years getting vaccinated for the first time, and those who have only previously gotten one dose of vaccine, should get two doses of vaccine this season …
The first dose 'primes' the immune system; the second dose provides immune protection. Children who only get one dose but need two doses can have reduced or no protection from a single dose of flu vaccine."
Not only may the flu vaccine fail to provide protection against the flu, but many people are not aware that other types of viruses are responsible for about 80 percent of all respiratory infections during any given flu season.18 The flu vaccine does not protect against or prevent any of these other types of respiratory infections causing influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms.
The chance of contracting actual type A or B influenza, caused by one of the three or four influenza virus strains included in the vaccine, is much lower compared to getting sick with another type of viral or bacterial infection during the flu season.
Does Flu Vaccine Increase the Risk of Influenza Infection, Contribute to Vaccine Shedding?
There are serious adverse effects that can come along with annual flu vaccination, including potentially lifelong side effects such as Guillain Barré syndrome and chronic shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA). They may also increase your risk of contracting more serious flu infections, as research suggests those who have been vaccinated annually may be less protected than those with no prior flu vaccination history.19
Research presented at the 105th International Conference of the American Thoracic Society in San Diego also revealed that children who get seasonal flu shots are more at risk of hospitalization than children who do not. Children who had received the flu vaccine had three times the risk of hospitalization as children who had not. Among children with asthma, the risk was even higher.20
There's also the potential for vaccine shedding, which has taken on renewed importance with the reintroduction of the live virus vaccine FluMist during the 2018/2019 season. While the CDC states that the live flu virus in FluMist is too weak to actually give recipients the flu, research has raised some serious doubts that this is the case.
One recent study revealed not only that influenza virus may be spread via simple breathing (i.e., no sneezing or coughing required) but also that repeated vaccination increases the amount of virus released into the air.21
MedImmune, the company that developed FluMist, is aware that the vaccine sheds vaccine-strain virus. In its prescribing information, they describe a study on the transmission of vaccine-strain viruses from vaccinated children to nonvaccinated children in a day care setting.
In 80 percent of the FluMist recipients, at least one vaccine-strain virus was isolated anywhere from one to 21 days following vaccination. They further noted, "One placebo subject had mild symptomatic Type B virus infection confirmed as a transmitted vaccine virus by a FluMist recipient in the same playgroup."22
Are There Other Ways to Stay Healthy During Flu Season?
Contrary to the CDC's and Golden Globe's claims that flu vaccinations are a great way to prevent flu, other methods exist to help you stay healthy during the flu season and all year, and they're far safer than annual flu vaccination. Vitamin D testing and optimization have been shown to cut your risk of respiratory infections, including colds and flu, in half if you are vitamin D deficient, for instance.23,24
In my view, optimizing your vitamin D levels is one of the absolute best respiratory illness prevention and optimal health strategies available. Influenza has also been treated with high-dose vitamin C,25 and taking zinc lozenges at the first sign of respiratory illness can also be helpful.
Following other basic tenets of health, like eating right, getting sound sleep, exercising and addressing stress are also important, as is regularly washing your hands.
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text:
#include "lib.h"
#include "settings-parser.h"
#include "mail-storage-settings.h"
#include "mdbox-settings.h"

#include <stddef.h>

#undef DEF
#define DEF(type, name) \
	{ type, #name, offsetof(struct mdbox_settings, name), NULL }

static const struct setting_define mdbox_setting_defines[] = {
	DEF(SET_BOOL, mdbox_preallocate_space),
	DEF(SET_BOOL, mdbox_purge_preserve_alt),
	DEF(SET_SIZE, mdbox_rotate_size),
	DEF(SET_TIME, mdbox_rotate_interval),

	SETTING_DEFINE_LIST_END
};

static const struct mdbox_settings mdbox_default_settings = {
	.mdbox_preallocate_space = FALSE,
	.mdbox_purge_preserve_alt = FALSE,
	.mdbox_rotate_size = 2*1024*1024,
	.mdbox_rotate_interval = 0
};

static const struct setting_parser_info mdbox_setting_parser_info = {
	.module_name = "mdbox",
	.defines = mdbox_setting_defines,
	.defaults = &mdbox_default_settings,

	.type_offset = (size_t)-1,
	.struct_size = sizeof(struct mdbox_settings),

	.parent_offset = (size_t)-1,
	.parent = &mail_user_setting_parser_info
};

const struct setting_parser_info *mdbox_get_setting_parser_info(void)
{
	return &mdbox_setting_parser_info;
}


I live and paint from my studio in South Lancaster....an historic hamlet on the shores of the St. Lawrence River in Eastern Ontario. During the 1980's I lived in Atlanta, Georgia where I attended Photography School for 3 years. A move to Montreal saw me continue my artistic interests, when I embarked on a career as a decorative painter. After many years, I decided to try painting on canvas....it was a perfect fit.
Happily married for a long time , 3 grown children....I am able to spend my days painting. About 5 years ago, I decided to take my work out of galleries and focus on technique, try different genres....basically take myself to art school. As a result , I did a series of landscapes, two series of more whimsical paintings with animals, a figurative series in the California figurative mode and of course, florals. It seemed that between each series I would always return to florals. This extended period of time has proven to be one or the richest, most productive times of my life....a gift really.
So, as I enter my 7th decade, I feel like I'm emerging from a cocoon....ready to get my work out there but also to continue my efforts to get better and better....I don't think that artists are ever completely satisfied...the drive to grow, get better, is very powerful. I feel i have many years left....I'm a baby really....and that's a good way to feel!
I am a self taught artist. I paint for the pleasure and the sheer adventure of discovering where each painting will take me. I began my career as a decorative painter and to this day, I'm greatly influenced by my love of colour and pattern.
This recent series of paintings has been as a result of my being intrigued by the relationship between the various ecosystems. This began when a floral I did looked like it was underwater. It made me look more closely at coral and I loved what I saw. What started out to be more about coral, quickly evolved into a more expansive approach. I started looking at desert flora and discovered a lot of them were eerily similar to coral. From there, it was an easy step to bring in more traditional flora. I like the fact that after thousands of years , I can reunite some of these obviously distant relatives. We worry so much about the future of our planet, yet for now, it's beauty is unsurpassable and I want to celebrate just that.
I would love to have a more comprehensive CV....so impressed when the list goes on and on, but alas, not so. These last five years are pretty blank as far as CV goes, but I have never worked so hard or consistently in my life. Each year I did one show here at home where clients from Ottawa and Montreal attended, even some from the Toronto, Oakville, Peterborough area. The sales from this show, together with sales from my website were enough to allow me to continue in my efforts to become a better painter. Here is a list of other things I have done.


Roaming is currently available across the US and Europe, with more regions promised later this year.
FreedomPop made a name for itself on the back of its free, no-frills mobile plans. Having honed its services in the US, FreedomPop headed across the pond to set up shop in the UK last September, but evidently that's not sated its desire to travel. Today, the provider is launching a new roaming SIM in both the US and the UK that will let customers use free data abroad for the first time.
Though it's known as the "Global SIM," initially it'll only work in the US and the vast majority of Europe, including the UK (obviously). By year's end, however, FreedomPop is planning to expand roaming coverage to additional countries in Southeast Asia, Latin America and beyond. The SIM itself costs $10/£10 to buy and you'll need to add another couple of bucks/pounds to cover the shipping cost; but after that you get the basic service, which affords you 200MB of 3G/4G data each month to use across any of the supported countries, completely free.
Should you exhaust that allowance, you can simply buy additional data, which is one of the ways FreedomPop makes money. An extra 500MB can be had for $10/£10, or you can buy in bulk at discounted rates ($50 for 4GB, for example). International data roaming is obviously the main selling point of the SIM, which is why FreedomPop's also offering a WiFi hotspot to stick it in for the introductory price of $50/£39. You can just plug it straight into your tablet or smartphone of course, though you don't get any inclusive minutes or texts like you do with the provider's mobile-specific plans. Also, to use voice and text services by way of FreedomPop's mobile apps, you first have to buy a virtual number based in one of the supported countries.
Like the provider's mobile-specific plans, you will be able to "earn" extra data by completing surveys, downloading vouchers and the like. Similarly, FreedomPop's value-added services, like rollover data and additional virtual numbers, can be added to the Global SIM plan for small monthly fees. If all you need is the barebones service, though, stick within the 200MB monthly limit and it won't cost you a cent/penny.


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text:
Humanity in a chord
Tags: presentations
September 4, 2013 By Eliza0 Comments
ERIC WHITACRE'S VIRTUAL CHOIR PERFORMS 'WATER NIGHT'
Eric Whitacre describes his virtual choir process as 'souls on desert islands sending electronic messages in a bottle to each other'.
In May 2009, American composer Eric Whitacre conducted a fascinating experiment in social media. Inspired by a fan who sent him a video of her singing his composition Sleep, he invited singers from around the world to record themselves performing the same piece of music. He then took the experiment one step further, inviting singers to take part in a virtual choir.
Each singer recorded their section of Whitacre's Lux Aurumque in their own home and uploaded it to the choir's website. The voices were then brought together to create a single piece of music. The result featured 185 singers from 12 countries and was an internet sensation, with more than 3.7 million YouTube hits so far.
Watch the video created for the choir and it's possible to see each participant in their own space – at their computers with a tiny view of bedrooms, offices and living rooms behind them. As these extraordinary singers give their all, the glimpse of their private worlds is profoundly moving – glorious voices emerging from the everyday.
A process described by Whitacre as "souls on desert islands sending electronic messages in a bottle to each other", the concept of the virtual choir has captured the imaginations of music lovers around the world and helped cement Whitacre's place as a musician and composer of huge talent, enthusiasm and vision. He will be in Australia in April for a series of concerts and choral workshops. A performance of Lux Aurumque, performed by the Choir of Trinity College, will be a highlight of his only Melbourne concert.
While his virtual-choir projects have brought a greater level of recognition, Whitacre's musical career is full of accomplishments, including composing for the BBC Proms, the London Symphony Orchestra and Chorus as well as a number of international choirs including his own, the Eric Whitacre Singers. He also co-wrote the Mermaids theme from Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides and wrote the award-winning musical Paradise Lost: Shadows and Wings. He is now composer-in-residence at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge University. Not bad for someone who just wanted to be a pop star and only joined a choir so he could meet girls.
Unlike many composers and conductors, who let their work speak for themselves, Whitacre is known as a great communicator with charisma.
"I speak before every piece [I perform]," he says. "I like to break up some of that stiffness in classical music. I want them to have a unique experience."
Whitacre's musical introductions are unlikely to be a dull explanation of the music. An impressive public speaker, his speech about the development of the virtual choir at the 2011 TED (Technology, Entertainment and Design) conference in California led to the first standing ovation of the event. In January 2013, he spoke at the World Economic Forum in Davos, addressing world leaders at a series of sessions about the creative process.
When Whitacre talks, people listen. And often, unexpectedly, find themselves singing, too, even at the closing ceremony at Davos.
"It was amazing; I didn't even think they would sing," he says.
"I was thinking are they just going to sit there stoned-faced? But they did. The entire conference actually sang the piece and it was really nice."
Whitacre says leaders see the arts as an example of how to live well. "At that level of government, they think that we [in choirs and orchestras] have the whole thing figured out and know how to live together but I try to tell them that it's not a very accurate representation because in some ways a choir or an orchestra is a fascist state," he says. "Somebody is at the front strongly leading everybody – but I think they're always looking for parallels. How can they bring this back to their own people and use it as a model to include people?"
Despite the endorsement from the world leaders at Davos, Whitacre worries that the arts aren't rightfully valued. "It's an odd thing – these days people who are administrators or politicians grew up with little to no exposure to the arts themselves, so they see very little value in it," he says.
"You look back, even a couple of hundred years ago, and leaders, good or bad, were immersed in the arts from a very young age and they threw all kind of resources at them – they thought it was an important part of building a society.
"These days there's this focus on everything but the arts. The irony is that that's probably … a major solution [to the world's problems] – bringing people together through our humanity."
Whitacre can't be faulted for his part in bringing people together. A fourth iteration of his virtual choir, again featuring singers from around the world, will premiere in July at Buckingham Palace for the Queen's 60th-anniversary Coronation Festival.
Justine Costigan (The Sydney Morning Herald) / March 30, 2013
Weblink : http://www.smh.com.au/
Photo credit : http://www.smh.com.au/
My Psychiatrist Is a DJ London-based startup Wavepaths is creating a new kind of music technology
What music reveals about our minds Music is a powerful tool to access information about ourselves.
The Political Economy of Classical Music The story of classical music is inseparable from the rise of capitalism.
Music Is Just as Powerful at Improving Mental Health as Exercise, Review Suggests The next time you're not able to get out to the gym, maybe spin some records instead
Milhaud


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text:
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namespace Application\Migrations;

use Doctrine\DBAL\Migrations\AbstractMigration,
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class Version20130123011617 extends AbstractMigration
{
    const CREATE_CORE_MODULE_CONFIG_SQL =<<<EOF
CREATE TABLE core_module_config (
    year INT NOT NULL
  , module_id VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL
  , startTime TIMESTAMP(0) WITHOUT TIME ZONE NOT NULL
  , endTime TIMESTAMP(0) WITHOUT TIME ZONE NOT NULL
  , PRIMARY KEY(year, module_id)
);
EOF;

    const CREATE_CORE_MODULE_SQL =<<<EOF
CREATE TABLE core_module (
    id VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL
  , name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
  , PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
EOF;

    public function up(Schema $schema)
    {
        $this->addSql(self::CREATE_CORE_MODULE_CONFIG_SQL);
        $this->addSql('CREATE INDEX IDX_F62C850CAFC2B591 ON core_module_config (module_id)');
        $this->addSql(self::CREATE_CORE_MODULE_SQL);
    }

    public function down(Schema $schema)
    {
        $this->addSql('DROP TABLE core_module');
        $this->addSql('DROP TABLE core_module_config');
    }
}


text:
Rep. Sean Duffy
Former Representative for Wisconsin's 7th District
pronounced shawn // DUH-fee
OpenSecrets VoteSmart Bioguide C-SPAN
Duffy was the representative for Wisconsin's 7th congressional district and was a Republican. He served from 2011 to 2019.
Contact Rep. Sean Duffy
I am a constituent.
I live in Wisconsin's 7th congressional district.
I have an opinion I want to share.
I want to urge Duffy to take an action on a bill.
Visit Rep. Sean Duffy's website »
Look for a contact form on Rep. Sean Duffy's website to express your opinion.
I need help, have a question, or want to schedule a tour.
I'm having a problem with a government agency, need legal help, want to schedule a meeting or White House tour, or have another question.
Visit Duffy's Website »
Head over to Rep. Sean Duffy's website. If you are having a problem with a government agency, look for a contact link for casework to submit a request for help. Otherwise, look for a phone number on that website to call his office if you have a question.
I am not a constituent.
I live elsewhere.
Not all Members of Congress will accept messages from non-constituents. You can try your luck by visiting Duffy's website. Otherwise, try contacting your own representative:
Find Your Representative »
I'm not sure if I live in his district.
You are currently on the website GovTrack.us, which has no affiliation with Duffy and is not a government website. Choose from the options above to find the right way to contact Duffy.
Ideology–Leadership Chart
Duffy is shown as a purple triangle ▲ in our ideology-leadership chart below. Each dot was a member of the House of Representatives in 2020 positioned according to our ideology score (left to right) and our leadership score (leaders are toward the top).
The chart is based on the bills Duffy sponsored and cosponsored from Jan 6, 2015 to Dec 28, 2020. See full analysis methodology.
Ratings from Advocacy Organizations
United States Chamber of Commerce: 92% The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws: C Human Rights Campaign: 0% League of Conservation Voters: 0% Planned Parenthood Action Fund: 0%
Enacted Legislation
Duffy was the primary sponsor of 7 bills that were enacted:
H.R. 4258 (115th): Family Self-Sufficiency Act
H.R. 3042 (115th): Dr. Chris Kirkpatrick Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017
H.R. 657 (115th): Follow the Rules Act
H.R. 4046 (114th): To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 220 East Oak Street, Glenwood City, Wisconsin, as the Second Lt. Ellen Ainsworth Memorial Post ...
H.R. 5278 (114th): PROMESA
H.R. 353 (114th): Veterans' Access to Hearing Health Act of 2015
Does 7 not sound like a lot? Very few bills are ever enacted — most legislators sponsor only a handful that are signed into law. But there are other legislative activities that we don't track that are also important, including offering amendments, committee work and oversight of the other branches, and constituent services.
We consider a bill enacted if one of the following is true: a) it is enacted itself, b) it has a companion bill in the other chamber (as identified by Congress) which was enacted, or c) if at least about half of its provisions were incorporated into bills that were enacted (as determined by an automated text analysis, applicable beginning with bills in the 110th Congress).
Duffy sponsored bills primarily in these issue areas:
Finance and Financial Sector (42%) Health (19%) Government Operations and Politics (8%) Armed Forces and National Security (8%) International Affairs (7%)
Some of Duffy's most recently sponsored bills include...
H.R. 4442: Equal Right to Life Act
H.Res. 500: Recognizing the benefits of digitization of the mortgage process.
H.R. 3088: Shareholder Protection Act of 2019
H.R. 3023: Secure Our Schools Today Act of 2019
H.R. 2869: HEROES Act
H.R. 2097: Legacies of War Recognition and Unexploded Ordnance Removal Act
H.Res. 188: Expressing support for designation of July as National Sarcoma Awareness Month.
View All » | View Cosponsors »
Key Votes
Duffy voted Nay
H.R. 2940: To extend the program of block grants to States for temporary assistance for needy families and related programs ...
Passed 357/55 on Jun 3, 2019.
S. 3628: National Flood Insurance Program Extension Act
Passed 315/48 on Dec 21, 2018.
The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has approximately 5 million flood insurance policies providing more than $1.3 trillion in coverage, primarily in Texas and Louisiana. ...
S. 756: FIRST Step Act
This bill became the vehicle for passage of the FIRST Step Act, the Senate's criminal justice reform bill. The text of this bill was replaced ...
H.R. 6157: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 and Continuing Appropriations Act, ...
Passed 361/61 on Sep 26, 2018.
H.R. 6157 provides $674.6 billion in total discretionary budget authority for the Department of Defense for fiscal year (FY) 2019. The bill provides $606.5 billion ...
Duffy voted No
H.R. 3038: Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2015, Part II
Passed 312/119 on Jul 15, 2015.
Duffy voted Yea
H.R. 2048: Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015
Passed 338/88 on May 13, 2015.
The USA Freedom Act (H.R. 2048, Pub.L. 114–23) is a U.S. law enacted on June 2, 2015 that restored in modified form several provisions of ...
H.J.Res. 35: Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2015, and for other purposes.
Failed 203/224 on Feb 27, 2015.
H.R. 83 (113th): Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015
Passed 219/206 on Dec 11, 2014.
This bill became the vehicle for passage of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 [pdf], which was approved by the House on December ...
Duffy voted Aye
H.J.Res. 124 (113th): Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015
Passed 319/108 on Sep 17, 2014.
S. 1603 (113th): Gun Lake Trust Land Reaffirmation Act
H.R. 1249 (112th): Leahy-Smith America Invents Act
Passed 304/117 on Jun 23, 2011.
The Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) is a United States federal statute that was passed by Congress and was signed into law by President Barack ...
H.R. 1076 (112th): To prohibit Federal funding of National Public Radio and the use of Federal funds to acquire radio ...
Passed 228/192 on Mar 17, 2011.
Missed Votes
From Jan 2011 to Sep 2019, Duffy missed 241 of 5,885 roll call votes, which is 4.1%. This is worse than the median of 2.3% among the lifetime records of representatives serving in Sep 2019. The chart below reports missed votes over time.
We don't track why legislators miss votes, but it's often due to medical absenses and major life events.
Show the numbers...
Votes Eligible
2011 Jan-Mar 212 1 0.5% 24th
2011 Apr-Jun 281 6 2.1% 68th
2011 Jul-Sep 247 1 0.4% 19th
2011 Oct-Dec 208 10 4.8% 76th
2012 Jul-Sep 152 5 3.3% 73rd
2012 Nov-Dec 51 1 2.0% 37th
2013 Jan-Jan 5 0 0.0% 0th
2013 Jan-Mar 89 0 0.0% 0th
2013 Apr-Jun 215 11 5.1% 80th
2013 Oct-Dec 137 0 0.0% 0th
2014 Jan-Mar 148 10 6.8% 84th
2014 Apr-Jun 219 39 17.8% 96th
2014 Nov-Dec 49 0 0.0% 0th
2015 Jul-Sep 139 2 1.4% 52nd
2015 Oct-Dec 177 1 0.6% 32nd
2016 Jan-Mar 137 2 1.5% 31st
2017 Jan-Mar 208 15 7.2% 91st
2017 Apr-Jun 136 1 0.7% 31st
2017 Oct-Dec 167 8 4.8% 80th
2018 Jul-Sep 102 1 1.0% 41st
2019 Jul-Sep 110 24 21.8% 97th
The information on this page is originally sourced from a variety of materials, including:
unitedstates/congress-legislators, a community project gathering congressional information
The House and Senate websites, for committee membership and voting records
GPO Member Guide for the photo
GovInfo.gov, for sponsored bills
Sean Duffy is pronounced:
shawn // DUH-fee
The letters stand for sounds according to the following table:
Capital letters indicate a stressed syllable.


text:
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