text:
Variable Stars and the Stories They Tell: Exoplanets and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life
Though the figures are tough to keep up with, as they are changing almost daily, the Kepler space telescope has discovered over 2,300 exoplanets in all. Those are just a few in existence whose orbital planes lie at a favorable incline from our perspective. Of those 2,300+, at least 207 are Earth-sized and at least 48 lie in the so-called 'Goldilocks' or habitable zone. The way Kepler achieves this miracle of detection of extra-solar planets is by measuring the varying light curves of their parent or host stars. As planet transits or passes in front of a star, as seen from our neighborhood, there is a barely measurable but significant decrease in the star's light, on average about 2%, with another .03% decrease in the presence of a planetary atmosphere. This is roughly equivalent to the amount of light lost by an observer of a housefly passing in front of a car headlight as seen from several miles away. When astronomers can determine a regular pattern of dimming and brightening, they can deduce that the star has at least one planet in orbit around it. Stars vary in their brightness for other reasons, as was seen earlier, but this may the most exciting one.
An artist imagining Kepler-62f, a potentially habitable exoplanet discovered using
data from the Kepler Spacecraft.
If life is discovered elsewhere in the universe, is it likely it will be found on Earth-like extra-solar planets - planets that fall into that comfy, cosy distance from their host stars that we refer to as the Habitable Zone? We, humans, like to think so, and it may very well be, but life may also be found in much less likely environments. The diversity of life on Earth, itself, is staggering in that it can be found in the deepest ocean trenches, in waters above 600 degrees Fahrenheit and pushing well north and south of the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, respectively, and, on land, in temperatures well below freezing. It should be remembered that we are products of our environment in the struggle for life. Nature has tried out many kinds of organisms through the process of natural selection and most of those organisms were ill-suited to the task of survival. In fact, more species of living things have become extinct than have survived.
The first step in finding extraterrestrial life is to find extra-solar planets, or, exoplanets. The first technique used to detect extra-solar planets was through the measurement of the shift in the radial velocity of a host star. A planet or planets orbiting a star will produce shifts in the spectral lines of the star as they tug on it, making the star appear to wiggle back and forth, as it moved through space. In 1952, Otto Struve suggested that extra-solar planets might be detected by dips in a host star's light during a planet's transit. Even then, techniques were available to detect such a drop in light but it was forgotten about for decades. In 1999, two professional astronomers using a 10-centimeter telescope discovered the first telltale signs of such a transiting extra-solar planet. Amateur and professional astronomers have since detected countless candidates.
NASA's Ames Research Center lists a table of 70-plus confirmed exoplanets discovered by Kepler as of May 2012 and designated by the name 'Kepler' followed by a letter. Planetary characteristics in the table for each planet include the following headings: Jupiter Masses, Earth Masses, Jupiter Radii, Earth Radii, Density, Temperature, Transition Duration, Period, Semi-Major Axis (UA), Eccentricity, Inclination (in degrees) and Distance (in parsecs). The table also lists characteristics of the host star. It should be noted here that Kepler-23b – Kepler-30b are planets that are within just a few Earth radii, though they are several hundred times more massive and their orbital periods seem much too short (just a few days) to be within the habitable zone. Nevertheless, it tells us that exoplanets, roughly the size of Earth, are detectable and are indeed out there.
Earth-like Exoplanets Discovered by the Kepler
Spacecraft Chart Courtesy of NASA.
The Kepler mission was originally slated to last 3 1/2 years but steps have been taken by its team of engineers to extend its mission another 3 years. Within the first 45 days of operation, Kepler, combined with follow-up ground-based observations, confirmed the discovery of five new exoplanets, including Kepler-7b, the least dense planet discovered at that time. Kepler has also been credited with the discovery of two "super-hot" orbiting companions - companions that appear to be hotter than their respective host stars. That discovery first announced at the 215th American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington, D. C. on January 4, 2010, revealed that the data from Kepler, along with the ground-based data had yet to confirm just what these objects are. One of the objects, KOI-74b measured 70,000 degrees Fahrenheit! Its host star, in comparison, is a mere 17,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The object is roughly the size of Jupiter and orbits its host star every 23 days. The hottest confirmed exoplanet to date has a temperature of 3,700 degrees Fahrenheit. As of June 15, 2010, Kepler had identified 706 stars hosting exoplanet candidates with sizes from as small as that of Earth to larger than Jupiter. On August 26, 2010, two new exoplanets orbiting the same star were discovered via the transit method. Two planets orbiting the star Kepler-9, roughly 2,300 light-years distant have been designated Kepler-9b and 9c and were discovered over a seven-month period. Astronomers at the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii have estimated the masses of these two confirmed planets. Kepler-9b is the larger of the two, the other being only 1.5 Earth radii, making it one of the smallest exoplanets known.
Open Cluster NGC 6819 in Cygnus - Image by Al Kelly.
Other discoveries by Kepler include solar-like oscillations in the light curves of red giant stars using time-series photometry and solar-like asteroseismic events in relatively nearby type-G stars and in the open cluster NGC 6819. Although the Kepler mission was originally designed to find transiting Earth-like exoplanets by continuously observing over 100,000 stars in a field centered in the constellation Cygnus, two years into the mission, it is also providing an extraordinary collection of time-series data for studying the variability of stars in our galaxy. There are online tools available for studying this variability, including the NASA Star and Exoplanet Database's periodogram tool. A periodogram finds the periodicities present in time-series data sets and the probability that an individual period arises by chance. Life "as we know it", would require that it evolve on a planet with the exact same physical makeup as Earth. Life here on Earth is carbon-based, but we should not necessarily exclude, say, even silicon-based life on other worlds. Our body chemistry is that of the Earth. Nevertheless, life will come in many forms. It may be possible to detect life on Earth-like exoplanets possessing an atmosphere by measuring gaseous emissions in its atmosphere by spectroscopy, such as the oxygen given off by vegetation here on Earth. Other forms of life give off carbon dioxide and even methane into the atmosphere. Luckily, the universe operates the same everywhere else as it does locally so we can know what signs to look for. The presence of such gasses can be determined by measuring a planet's transmission spectrum during its transit across the face of a star. If a planetary atmosphere is not present, the light fall-off will be the same at all wavelengths. If certain elements are present in the planet's atmosphere, they will absorb some of the star's light. In one case, sodium present in the atmosphere of a planet made the planet appear to be six percent larger than at other wavelengths. Another way that astrobiologists and exobiologists expect to be able to detect the presence of life is by spectropolarimetry, or, looking for bio-signatures in the reflected polarized light of a host star by one of its planets.
Ultimately, we should not limit our search to Earth-like planets exclusively, but it's a good place to start. Life, as we know it - or not - maybe a far more interesting story than we think, and one thing is becoming clearer; the "Habitable Zone" around a given star may be less distinct than many of us imagine!
Dale Alan Bryant
Senior Contributing Science Writer
Posted by Insight Observatory on June 01, 2016
Labels: astronomy project, Dale Alan Bryant, earth-like planets, exoplanets, extraterrestrial life, jupiter, Kepler spacecraft, Kepler-23b, ngc 6819, research, variable stars


text:
use std::{
    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
    convert::TryInto,
    error::Error,
    fmt,
    fs::{File, OpenOptions},
    io::{Read, Write},
    ops::Range,
    path,
};

use chrono::{prelude::*, Duration};
use config;
use lazy_static::lazy_static;
use mediawiki::{
    api::Api,
    page::{Page, PageError},
    title::Title,
};
use regex::Regex;

static ISO_8601_FMT: &str = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
static SUMMARY: &str = "[[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/EnterpriseyBot 10|Bot]] removing the article class assessment";

lazy_static! {
    static ref REGEX: Regex = Regex::new(r"(?xs) # enable comments, allow . to match \n
        \{\{ # begin template

        # capturing group 1: template name (should start with 'wikiproject', case-insensitive)
        # note the | at the end
        ([Ww][Ii][Kk][Ii][Pp][Rr][Oo][Jj][Ee][Cc][Tt][^\|\}]*?)

        # capturing groups 2-n are the values of the 'class' parameters
        (?:
            # a class parameter
            (\|\s*class\s*=\s*([^\|\}]+?)\s*)
            |
            # maybe some other parameters
            \|[^\|\}]+?
        )+? # must have at least one class parameter

        \}\}").expect("invalid regex");
    static ref NOVELS_WIKIPROJECT_REGEX: Regex = Regex::new("(?i)NovelsWikiProject").expect("invalid regex");
}

fn make_map(params: &[(&str, &str)]) -> HashMap<String, String> {
    params.iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), v.to_string())).collect()
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct BotError(String);

impl BotError {
    fn new(s: impl Into<String>) -> Self { BotError(s.into()) }
}

impl fmt::Display for BotError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "BotError({})", self.0)
    }
}

impl Error for BotError {}

/// Returns true if the page with the given title was a redirect one week ago.
fn check_redirect_age(api: &Api, title: &Title) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
    let one_week_ago = (Utc::now() - Duration::weeks(1)).format(ISO_8601_FMT).to_string();
    let title = title.full_pretty(api).ok_or(BotError::new("Bad title"))?;
    let res = api.get_query_api_json(&make_map(&[
        ("action", "query"),
        ("prop", "revisions"),
        ("titles", &title),
        ("rvprop", "content"),
        ("rvslots", "main"),
        ("rvlimit", "1"),
        ("rvstart", &one_week_ago),
        ("formatversion", "2"),
    ]))?;
    let page = &res["query"]["pages"][0];
    if page["missing"].as_bool() == Some(true) {
        Err(Box::new(BotError::new(format!("missing page (check_redirect_age), title {}", title))))
    } else if page["revisions"].is_null() {
        Ok(false) // page just didn't exist a week ago
    } else {
        Ok(page["revisions"][0]["slots"]["main"]["content"].as_str()
            .ok_or(BotError::new(format!("bad API response (check_redirect_age): {:?}", res)))?
            .to_ascii_lowercase()
            .contains("#redirect"))
    }
}

/// Gets a list of all templates that redirect to the given set of templates.
/// The inputs should be WITH namespaces; the outputs will be WITHOUT namespaces.
fn get_template_redirects(api: &Api, templates: Vec<String>) -> Result<Vec<String>, Box<dyn Error>> {
    let res = api.get_query_api_json_all(&make_map(&[
        ("action", "query"),
        ("prop", "linkshere"),
        ("titles", &templates.join("|")),
        ("lhprop", "title"),
        ("lhnamespace", /* template */ "10"),
        ("lhshow", "redirect"),
        ("lhlimit", "max"),
        ("formatversion", "2"),
    ]))?;
    res["query"]["pages"].as_array()
       .ok_or(BotError::new(format!("bad API response (get_template_redirects): {:?}", res)))?
       .iter()
       .map(|page| page["linkshere"].as_array()
           .ok_or(BotError::new(format!("bad API response (get_template_redirects): {:?}", res)))
           .map(|linkshere| linkshere
               .iter()
               .map(|val| val["title"].as_str().expect("not a string?")[("template:".len())..].to_ascii_lowercase())
               .collect::<HashSet<_>>().into_iter())).collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
       .map(|pages| pages.into_iter().flatten().collect())
       .map_err(|e| Box::new(e) as Box<dyn Error>)
}

fn load_progress(filename: &str) -> Result<Option<String>, Box<dyn Error>> {
    if path::Path::new(filename).exists() {
        let mut file = File::open(&filename)?;
        let mut contents = String::new();
        file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?;
        Ok(Some(contents))
    } else {
        Ok(None)
    }
}

fn save_progress(filename: String, article: String) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
        .write(true)
        .create(true)
        .truncate(true)
        .open(filename)?;
    file.write_all(&article.into_bytes())?;
    Ok(())
}

pub fn process_text(mut text: String, banned_templates: &Vec<String>) -> String {
    #[derive(Debug)]
    enum Edit { Insert(usize, String), Delete(Range<usize>) };
    use Edit::*;
    let mut edits: Vec<Edit> = Vec::new();

    let mut offset = 0;
    let mut locs = REGEX.capture_locations();
    while let Some(_) = REGEX.captures_read_at(&mut locs, &text, offset) {
        //println!("{} groups {}", line!(), (0..2 * locs.len()).map(|idx| locs.get(idx).map(|(start, end)| &text[start..end]).unwrap_or("None")).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(","));
        //println!("{} whole match {}", line!(), &text[locs.get(0).unwrap().0..locs.get(0).unwrap().1]);

        let mut template_name = (&text[locs.get(1).unwrap().0..locs.get(1).unwrap().1]).trim().to_string();

        // Increment the offset to ensure that we keep progressing through the string
        let new_offset = locs.get(1).unwrap().1;
        if new_offset > offset {
            offset = new_offset;
        } else {
            panic!("no progress being made!");
        }

        // Check if template is one of the banned templates
        template_name.make_ascii_lowercase();
        if banned_templates.iter().any(|b| b == &template_name) {
            //println!("banned; continuing");
            continue;
        }

        if locs.get(2).is_none() {
            continue;
        }

        if let Some((start, end)) = locs.get(3) {
            if (&text[start..end]).trim().is_empty() {
                continue;
            }
        }

        // Schedule edits deleting the class params
        let num_class_params = (locs.len() - 2) / 2;
        for class_param_idx in 0..num_class_params {
            let capturing_group_idx = class_param_idx * 2 + 2;
            edits.push(Delete(locs.get(capturing_group_idx).unwrap().0..locs.get(capturing_group_idx).unwrap().1));
        }

        // Schedule an edit inserting the former class param
        let former = format!("<!-- Formerly assessed as {} -->",
            (0..num_class_params)
                .map(|class_param_idx| {
                    let capturing_group_idx = class_param_idx * 2 + 3;
                    format!("{}{}", &text[locs.get(capturing_group_idx).unwrap().0..locs.get(capturing_group_idx).unwrap().1], "-class")
                })
                .collect::<Vec<String>>()
                .join(", "));
        let idx_of_template_end = locs.get(0).unwrap().1;
        edits.push(Insert(idx_of_template_end, former));
    }

    // Make edits
    for edit in edits.into_iter().rev() {
        match edit {
            Insert(idx, insert_text) => text.insert_str(idx, &insert_text),
            Delete(range) => text.replace_range(range, ""),
        }
    }
    text
}

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    let mut config = config::Config::default();
    config
        .merge(config::File::with_name("settings"))?
        .merge(config::Environment::with_prefix("APP"))?;
    let username = config.get_str("username")?;
    let password = config.get_str("password")?;

    let num_edits_per_session: usize = config.get_int("edits_per_session")?.try_into()?;
    let progress_filename = config.get_str("progress_file")?;

    let mut api = Api::new("https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php")?;
    api.login(username, password)?;

    api.set_user_agent(format!("EnterpriseyBot/redirect-banners-rs/{} (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:EnterpriseyBot; apersonwiki@gmail.com)", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION")));

    let mut params = make_map(&[
        ("action", "query"),
        ("list", "allpages"),
        ("apnamespace", /* article */ "0"),
        ("apfilterredir", "redirects"),
        ("aplimit", "500"),
    ]);
    if let Some(starting_title) = load_progress(&progress_filename)? {
        params.insert("apfrom".to_string(), starting_title.trim().to_string());
    }

    let base_banned_templates = config.get_array("banned_templates")?
        .into_iter().map(|val| val.into_str().map(|val| format!("Template:{}", val))).collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
    let banned_templates = get_template_redirects(&api, base_banned_templates)?;

    let mut edit_list: Vec<(Title, String)> = Vec::new(); // (title, new text)
    'main_loop: for each_result_set in api.get_query_api_json_limit_iter(&params, None) {
        let each_result_set = each_result_set?;
        let pages = each_result_set["query"]["allpages"].as_array()
            .ok_or(BotError::new(format!("bad API result: {:?}", each_result_set)))?;
        for each_page_obj in pages {
            let mut title = Title::new(each_page_obj["title"].as_str()
                .ok_or(BotError::new(format!("bad API result (title construction): {:?}", each_result_set)))?,
                /* article */ 0);
            if !check_redirect_age(&api, &title)? {
                continue;
            }

            title.toggle_talk();
            let page = Page::new(title);
            match page.text(&api) {
                Ok(text) => {
                    let text = NOVELS_WIKIPROJECT_REGEX.replace(&text, "WikiProject Novels").to_string();
                    let new_text = process_text(text.clone(), &banned_templates);
                    if new_text != text {
                        edit_list.push((page.title().clone(), new_text));
                        println!("WILL EDIT {:?}", page.title());
                        if edit_list.len() >= num_edits_per_session {
                            break 'main_loop;
                        }
                    }
                },
                Err(PageError::Missing(_)) => continue,
                Err(e) => return Err(Box::new(e)),
            };
        }
    }

    if let Some((title, _)) = edit_list.get(edit_list.len().saturating_sub(1)) {
        save_progress(progress_filename, title.pretty().to_string())?;
    }

    for (title, new_text) in edit_list.into_iter() {
        Page::new(title).edit_text(&mut api, new_text, SUMMARY)?;
    }
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    fn assert_unchanged(text: impl Into<String>, banned: &Vec<String>) {
        let text = text.into();
        assert_eq!(process_text(text.clone(), banned), text);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_process_text() {
        assert_unchanged("{{WikiProject X|importance=}}", &vec![]);
        assert_unchanged("{{WikiProject X|class=|importance=}}", &vec![]);
        assert_unchanged("{{WikiProject X|class= |importance=}}", &vec![]);
        assert_eq!(process_text("{{Wikiproject Cars|class=Foo}}".to_string(), &vec![]),
            "{{Wikiproject Cars}}<!-- Formerly assessed as Foo-class -->");
        assert_eq!(process_text("{{Wikiproject Cars|a|class=Foo}}".to_string(), &vec![]),
            "{{Wikiproject Cars|a}}<!-- Formerly assessed as Foo-class -->");
        assert_eq!(process_text("{{Wikiproject Cars|class=Foo|a}}".to_string(), &vec![]),
            "{{Wikiproject Cars|a}}<!-- Formerly assessed as Foo-class -->");
        assert_eq!(process_text("{{Wikiproject Cars|a|class=Foo|b}}".to_string(), &vec![]),
            "{{Wikiproject Cars|a|b}}<!-- Formerly assessed as Foo-class -->");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_process_text_more() {
        assert_unchanged("{{WikiProject Astronomy|object=yes|importance=|class=}}\n{{WikiProject Solar System|class=|importance=}}", &vec![]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_process_text_wpbs() {
        let wpbs = vec!["wikiproject banner shell".to_string()];
        assert_eq!(process_text("{{WikiProject banner shell|1=
{{WikiProject New York City |class=redirect |importance=NA}}
{{WikiProject Streetcars |NYPT=yes |class=NA |importance=NA}}
}}".to_string(), &wpbs),
            "{{WikiProject banner shell|1=
{{WikiProject New York City |importance=NA}}<!-- Formerly assessed as redirect-class -->
{{WikiProject Streetcars |NYPT=yes |importance=NA}}<!-- Formerly assessed as NA-class -->
}}");
        assert_eq!(process_text("{{Talk header}}
{{WikiProject banner shell|1=
{{WikiProject New York City |class=redirect |importance=NA}}
{{WikiProject Streetcars |NYPT=yes |class=NA |importance=NA}}
{{WikiProject Buses |NYPT=yes |class=redirect |importance=NA}}
}}
".to_string(), &wpbs),
            "{{Talk header}}
{{WikiProject banner shell|1=
{{WikiProject New York City |importance=NA}}<!-- Formerly assessed as redirect-class -->
{{WikiProject Streetcars |NYPT=yes |importance=NA}}<!-- Formerly assessed as NA-class -->
{{WikiProject Buses |NYPT=yes |importance=NA}}<!-- Formerly assessed as redirect-class -->
}}
");
        assert_eq!(process_text("{{Talk page of redirect}}
{{WikiProject banner shell |1=
{{WikiProject Film|class=Redirect|American=yes|Filmmaking=yes}}
{{WikiProject Michigan|class=Redirect|Detroit=yes}}
}}
".to_string(), &wpbs),
            "{{Talk page of redirect}}
{{WikiProject banner shell |1=
{{WikiProject Film|American=yes|Filmmaking=yes}}<!-- Formerly assessed as Redirect-class -->
{{WikiProject Michigan|Detroit=yes}}<!-- Formerly assessed as Redirect-class -->
}}
");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Ferula badra-kema är en flockblommig växtart som beskrevs av Koso-pol. Ferula badra-kema ingår i släktet stinkflokesläktet, och familjen flockblommiga växter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Stinkflokesläktet
badra-kema

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Comments: This spectacular Canadian poster offers one of the most dramatic means of emphasizing the importance of defense industry production to the war effort by viewing two industrial smoke stacks from the top so as to make them look like gigantic guns. One of our personal favorites.
Condition: Near mint, unbacked, one horizontal fold and one small repaired edge tear.


text:
Home > IOWAREVIEW > Vol. 39 (2009) > Iss. 3
Volume 39, Issue 3 (2009) Winter
Front Matter, The Iowa Review, v.39 no.3, Winter, 2009/2010
https://doi.org/10.17077/0021-065X.6734
Human Rights Index p. v-vi
University of Iowa Center for Human Rights
In the Dark p. 2-16
Tricia Springstubb
What my heart is turning p. 17-17
Anne Marie Rooney
Where my heart is going p. 18-19
Elegy in which I am not whisked away p. 20-20
Dear Martlet p. 21-46
Karen Hays
War Games: Instructions p. 47-57
Mathias Svalina
A Dictionary of Wooing and Deception in the Voice of the Sociopath p. 58-59
Jennifer Militello
A Dictionary of What Can Be Learned in the Voice of the Sociopath's Lover p. 60-60
A Dictionary of the Symphony in the Voice of Ludwig van Beethoven p. 61-62
The Purification of Ben Matthews p. 63-82
Priscilla Sneff
The McGugle Account p. 83-92
Sharma Shields
Song p. 93-93
The call of the one duck flying south p. 94-94
One may read it walking: lauds and matins p. 95-95
Marianne Boruch
I don't like this coolness, she said p. 96-96
The computer screen, day or night p. 97-97
Is this a mantra? mantra of p. 98-98
A shadow looms. And the bird feigns a broken wing p. 99-99
Office Hours: A Memoir and an Interview with Michael S. Harper p. 100-123
Heather Treseler and Michael S. Harper
Thoracic Ode p. 124-124
Heather Treseler
Ribosomal Yoga p. 125-125
Pull-ups at PS 25 p. 126-129
Michael S. Harper
Negritude: a Poem Written When Everything Else Fails to Translate p. 130-131
Voyage p. 132-132
Robert Rehder
K. 17 p. 133-133
I By the Riverside p. 134-134
Jean Esteve
Free of Hounds p. 135-135
In a Dream of the Locust p. 136-136
George Eklund
Over the Puddles of East Berlin p. 137-137
This is one of the nine wide worlds, and the creatures that inhabit it lull p. 138-138
Stacy Kidd
Gross Anatomy p. 139-149
Kodi Scheer
Onset of Winter p. 150-150
Badger Eats p. 151-151
Adam Day
Badger Behaving Badly p. 152-152
By the Empty Stone p. 153-153
David Wagoner
The Theory of Clouds p. 154-178
Fourteener 322 (Thank You, Dear Lord, for This Long, Cold, Dark Time of Inwardness) p. 179-179
Douglas Woody Woodsum
Talking Frotteur Blues p. 180-181
James Capozzi
Tomorrow pretends not to understand how today happened p. 182-182
B.A. Wingate
Wintry Lodge on a White Mountain p. 183-183
Scott Zieher
From the Bureau of Threats and Opportunities p. 184-184
The Tradition of Prizes in Hindi Literature p. 185-188
Conversations with Celebrity Authors p. 189-194
Loren Glass
At the Fair III p. 195-201
Notes on contributors and back matter, The Iowa Review, v.39 no.3, Winter, 2009/2008
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A press conference in New York on Oct. 5 was the scene for an announcement by the Hermitage Museum, represented by its director, M.B. Piotrovsky, and the Coca-Cola Company that they are set to continue their 15-year cooperation. This will take the form of a program of grants to train talented young restorers, who will be able to have an internship at the Hermitage - to be precise, in the laboratory that restores tempera paintings.
The foundation for this cooperation between the Hermitage and the Coca-Cola Company was laid in 1993, when the Coca-Cola Foundation made a $320,000 grant to fit this laboratory out with the latest equipment.
However, the true heroine of the press conference was a 14-year-old school-girl from the Rostov region of Russia - Irina Knyazeva. Her thirst for learning and new experiences won her the chance of a unique trip to one of the biggest and most captivating cities in the world - New York.
Experts at the Hermitage unanimously declared Irina's work the best in the competition for high school students, called "My Concept of the 21st-Century Museum." Thanks to her ability and drive, Irina was able to visit the mecca of contemporary art, the Guggenheim Museum, together with Mikhail Piotrovsky, who personally escorted the girl up the museum's famous spiral ramp.
Irina is not the only child in her family. Her sister and two brothers couldn't wait for their sister - the pride of all 18,500 citizens of the small city of Konstantinovsk in the Rostov region - to get back home.
"We have an enormous country, and people hardly travel around it. There was a time when we thought everyone would definitely visit Leningrad once in their lifetime, but now for sure the majority of people never come here. That's a huge cultural issue. There was only one thing we could do here - make entry to the museum free. It's the only museum in Russia that children, schoolkids and students can visit for free."
A national competition for high school students called "My Concept of the 21st-Century Museum" was launched in October 2008. The results were declared on March 27, 2009 at an official ceremony in Saint Petersburg. The lucky winner of the first prize was a 14-year-old school-girl from the city of Konstantinovsk in the Rostov region of Russia - Irina Knyazeva. This talented young girl's prize was a unique opportunity to visit the iconic Guggenheim museum of contemporary art and to have a personal meeting with M.B. Piotrovsky.
The aim of the competition was to enable talented children from various cities in Russia to make their contribution to creating a museum of the future.
What should a 21st-century museum be like?
How can - and should - collections of world classical art and contemporary artists be displayed?
And most importantly, how can we make sure that someone who visits the museum one day will want to come back for another visit?
The competition took place in two stages. The first stage resulted in a collection of 299 works, from which five finalists were chosen from each region. Their works were passed to a national jury led by Hermitage director M.B. Piotrovsky, which judged them and decided which were the best. It was these children, from Vladivostok, Samara, Yekaterinburg, Taloye village in Krasnoyarsk region, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and the city of Konstantinovsk in Rostov region, who got the chance to visit Saint Petersburg during the spring holidays, March 23-29, 2009, and get a springtime boost to their spirits, their outlook and their knowledge. The program for their trip included visits to such famous places as the Hermitage galleries, the museum's vaults, which very few citizens of Saint Petersburg have seen, the Catherine Palace, the Museum of Communications, the Menshikov Palace and the famous Mariinsky Theatre.


American Initiatives (www.american-initiatives.org) is a non profit, grant-making organization focused on empowering communities to create change through localized programs that encourage cultural, social, and professional development abroad. The small, dedicated staff will make sure that funds reach the people that need them most. And, since the Organization is able to benefit from the existing resources of its well-established partner, the Foundation for the Social Promotion of Culture (FPSC, www.fundacionfpsc.org) it has a small operating budget.
Monitoring: a Project Manager will monitor budgeting, set goals, and work together with local cooperating organization, Asociación de Fomento Cultural y Deportivo (AFCyD) - Escuela Montemira, to ensure that the donation reaches its maximum potential and that resources are used efficiently and consistently.
Evaluation & Reporting: throughout the duration of the project, the organization tracks, analyzes and reports: who is reaching, how it is progressing, and where it is heading.
Reports are scheduled six months after the beginning of the project and three months after the end of the project. Mrs. Clara Gil Guerrero will work on the evaluation in behalf of American Initiatives together with Mrs. Claudia Noussette Chavez from our local partner organization, AFCyD.
In El Salvador, with regard to education, its access is mandatory and free in public primary schools; nevertheless the illiteracy and few years of study persist, it being more evident in the feminine and rural population. This responds to the early incorporation of children to the labor market and specifically in girls because of the same lack of education, they assume family responsibilities at an early age.
El Salvador has had to recover from the effects of a prolonged war and when it was trying to recover it faced a chain of natural disasters, such as Hurricane Micht in 1998, the earthquakes of 2001, hurricane Stan and a volcano eruption in 2005 worsening the situation. All these disasters caused great flaws in the infrastructure of the country leaving in evidence the conditions of vulnerability of the population, a balance of death, destruction and desolation, with concrete damages in the social and productive sectors, and to the environment. Added to all this the crisis in coffee prices in the early 2000´s and in the very present time the nonstop increase in oil prices that have an effect in the high cost of living, including the basic needs.
- Low educative profile and deficient quality of the education.
Education is one of the main productive resources in which people can rely on. In El Salvador, nevertheless, the average of years of study is only of 6 years (8,3 in urban area and 3,9 in the rural area). Additionally, different evaluations indicate that the quality of education is very low in all the levels of study. Nationwide, women present a clear disadvantage in comparison to men.
In the urban area 12.5% of women are illiterate and 29.2% in the rural area, and men 7,0% in the urban area and 23,7% in the rural area.
- The uneven opportunities between men and women.
Women continue having fewer opportunities than men. They have an insignificant participation in decision making, perceive a substantially lower income than men, face greater difficulties to find a good job and most of their activities are related to taking care of their homes, which is not remunerated. The average wage for women is 28% lower than men and there is a difference in how women spend their salary and how men do. Women give priority to their family's basic needs; such as food, health and education; while men spend it mostly in their own personal needs (tobacco, alcohol, etc.). (Dygestic,Ministry of Economics).
The local partner for this project, the Asociación de Fomento Cultural y Deportivo (AFCyD), in order to help the Salvadoran families that find themselves in a vulnerable situation has decided, through Montemira School, to promote a boarding school with secondary and technical education for young women living in rural areas, so that they can have an opportunity to improve their quality of life, finding a good job after graduating or having further college or university education, breaking away from the vicious circle of poverty.
Since its establishment in 1962, Montemira School has managed to prepare a big group of young girls. They have been able to face their personal situation and respond to the demand and competitiveness of the country. Many of these young girls are working in hotels and other institutions and others have continued with their studies at university level.
AFCyD, through the school has the certainty that when educating the youth and making it possible for them to carry out a professional job, it is contributing in an effective way to solve the social problems that El Salvador faces and it has a chain reaction that motivates the families to look for new means for their children, thus contributing to the development of their communities.
The Nando Peretti Foundation has awarded a grant for this project. The goals are explained below.
The girls are given uniforms, nutritious meals and snacks, articles for personal care and hygiene, school supplies and equipment. Since the families don't have enough money to cover the costs, they only pay a small amount as tuition. The baccalaureate degree obtained by the students is obligatory in the Salvadoran educational system and they are required to have finalized ninth grade in order to apply. The hospitality technical degree is not mandatory; nevertheless, certain subjects are incorporated by order of the Ministry of Education, as a pre-requisite to college education in this area. Montemira has a well structured administrative and operative department, responsible for the management of the school resources. It counts with highly trained personnel in the different areas such as: gastronomy, industrial laundry, housekeeping, textile techniques, and hygiene among others. In addition, during this formative process, the students´ moral values and human virtues are strengthened so that they become better persons and citizens.
BENEFICIARIES: 19 young women between 16 and 18 years of age. Most of these girls come from schools in rural areas where Montemira organizes events of promotion in agreement with the directors of school centers. Those interested, in agreement with their parents, must contact Montemira, usually through a phone call. They visit the school together with their parents to see the facilities and have first hand information regarding the type of education they can receive in Montemira School. Finally the girls are selected by an examination of attitude and an interview with parents.
Contribute to the integral development of 19 young girls from very poor families, by means of obtaining an education and technical qualification for the improvement of their quality of life and that of their families and the communities from where they come from.
1. Provide 19 young girls of limited or none economic resources with secondary education and technical training in the industry of hospitality, so that they can obtain a worthy and well remunerated stable job, generating income.
2. Provide the needs for room and board of 30 young girls for one year at the Montemira School.
3. To strengthen the students´ moral values and human virtues so that they become better persons and citizens.
- Coordination with local governments, public schools and parishes of the rural area to let them know about the school's program.
- Planning of visits to hand out information (promotion).
- Visit areas where potential candidates for the school live.
- Distribution of information about the school.
- Interviews with interested parents of potential candidates.
- Interviews with candidates for the School.
- Carry out social economic study of the candidate's family.
- Development of theoretical classes.
- Development of classes and practice.
- Practice of the students in each technical area.
Montemira School has developed teacher and student´s manuals for each area of the hospitality industry, which have been reviewed and approved by experts in each area. These manuals are used as guides for the classes and practices that are given.
- 19 girls of limited or none economic resources have completed one year of the Technical Baccalaureate Degree.
- 40 % of the girls that obtained the Degree, some have continued their studies at the university and others have found a job.
- 19 girls have achieved good health through a nutritious diet and their basic human needs have been covered during the year.
- Increase of self-esteem and personal dignity. Better sense for overcoming difficulties.
- Improvement of their hygiene and overall habits.
To date, no indicators have been established and / or specific mechanisms for measuring this impact, however the results are rather qualitative and are evidenced in daily living: Increased communication and interaction with their peers and instructors, personal image, self-esteem, living out moral and human values, goals approach, positive attitude and dedication to work, among others.


Burwood based mortgage brokers. Let us find you a great home loan!
Sanford Finance is a mortgage broking company that specialises in purchase and refinance of residential property. Sanford Finance has access to over 300 products and over 20 lenders.
With the mortgage industry having reached its most competitive in many years, these lending institutions are offering some great discounts that could potentially save you money, now may be the time to ask yourself….. I'm I paying to much Interest on my loans?
I'm I taking advantage of the equity in my home or investment property? Do I want to own my home sooner? Is there a better loan out there that can save me money?
We can also assist in the purchase or refinance of your commercial property. Once again by using our wide range of panel lenders we can offer you the most competitive deals on the market.


What does 'Ask The Universe?' actually mean?
Are you judging me and others about the money they earn?
Is your inability to relax and take a holiday affecting the money you are earning?
Are you being an ostrich when it comes to money?
Is your lack of 'self love' affecting how much money you have?


M5 F10M got new modified exhaust system from Eisenmann, an aerodynamic body kit of 3D Design (Japan) and HRE wheels in a special matte-bronze color. M3 in turn has a new front pipe mechanical supercharger from ESS (as part of a power-upgrade) and rims of Lamborghini Rosso Vik BBS FI in a bright red color.
WeI suspect that this is not all the details – as it seems that new cars got a redefined trim suspension system from KW Automotive, presumably the one known as Clubsport. The prices of the tuning work are also not known. Though we can see that the work done is just perfect! We hope that you can take a better look of the pictures, as this modification may not be available for public.


Get IFSC and MICR code of Vijaya Bank Durg branch in Durg city or district, Chhattisgarh state along with address and contact phone numbers.
IFSC code: VIJB0007635 and MICR code: 491029002; VIJAYA BANK DURG address : Durg, Suraj Complex, Besides Lic Satellite Office, Infront Of Rly. Station, Deepak Nagar, Durg, Chhattisgarh, Durg - Chhattisgarh; Branch code is 007635, Contact Number: 2211209, VIJAYA BANK DURG Timings: Monday to Friday: 10 AM to 4 PM, Saturday - 10 AM to 4 PM(Except 2nd and 4th Saturday).


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Equality and Welfare in Philosophy
Minorities and Philosophy
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Philosophy MA Modules(Restricted permissions)
Self-Knowledge (PH9A9-20/30)(Restricted permissions)
Course content 2014/15
New: 'A Beginner's Guide to Self-Knowledge' is available here: https://warwick.academia.edu/QuassimCassam
New: Self-knowledge website: http://www.self-knowledgeforhumans.com/
Week 1. The Philosophical Picture of Self-Knowledge
Brie Gertler 'Self-Knowledge', Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available here: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/self-knowledge/
Richard Moran Authority and Estrangement (Princeton University Press 2001), chapter 1.
Quassim Cassam Self-Knowledge for Humans (Oxford University Press 2014) chapters 1 and 4.
Quassim Cassam Self-Knowledge (Oxford Bibliographies Online). Available here http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396577/obo-9780195396577-0112.xml
Week 2. The Specialness of Self-Knowledge
Brie Gertler 'Introduction: Philosophical Issues about Self-Knowledge', in Brie Gertler (ed.) Privileged Access: Philosophical Acounts of Self-Knowledge (Ashgate 2003).
William Alston 'Varieties of Privileged Access', American Philosophical Quarterly 1971.
Gilbert Ryle The Concept of Mind (Penguin 2000), chapter VI.
Donald Davidson Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective (Oxford University Press 2001), chapter 1and the first three pages of chapter 2.
Crispin Wright 'Self-Knowledge: The Wittgensteinian Legacy', in C. Wright, B. Smith and C. MacDonald (eds.) Knowing Our Own Minds
Paul Snowdon 'How to Think about Phenomenal Self-Knowledge', in Annalisa Coliva (ed.) The Self and Self-Knowledge (Oxford University Press 2012).
Week 3. Inferentialism and the Asymmetry
Paul Boghossian Content and Justification (Oxford University Press 2008), chapter 6. Available here: https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/hinchman/www/Boghossian-Chapter6.pdf
Richard Moran, Authority and Estrangement, chapter 1
Darryl Bem 'Self-Perception Theory', in L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Academic Press Inc.). Available here: http://www.dbem.us/SP%20Theory.pdf
Krista Lawlor 'Knowing What One Wants', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 2009. Available here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2009.00266.x/abstract
Quassim Cassam Self-Knowledge for Humans (Oxford University Press 2014), chapters 11 and 12.
Week 4. Substantial Self-Knowledge
Quassim Cassam Self-Knowledge for Humans (Oxford University Press 2014), chapters 3 and 13.
Eric Schwitzgebel 'Self-Ignorance', in J. Liu and J. Perry (eds.), Consciousness and the Self: New Essays (Cambridge University Press, 2012). Available here: http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~eschwitz/SchwitzPapers/SelfUcs-101118.pdf
Aaron James Assholes: A Theory (Nicholas Brealey, 2012), chapter 1.
Week 5. Self-Ignorance
Eric Schwitzgebel 'Self-Ignorance', in J. Liu and J. Perry (eds.), Consciousness and the Self: New Essays (Cambridge University Press 2012). Available here: http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~eschwitz/SchwitzPapers/SelfUcs-101118.pdf
Richard Nisbett & Timothy Wilson 'Telling More Than We Can Know: Verbal Reports on Mental Processes', Pyschological Review 1977 . Available here:http://people.virginia.edu/~tdw/nisbett&wilson.pdf
Paul Katsafanas 'Nietzsche on Agency and Self-Ignorance', Journal of Nietzsche Studies, 2012. Available here: http://people.bu.edu/pkatsa/NASI.pdf
Quassim Cassam Self-Knowledge for Humans (Oxford University Press, 2014), chapter 14.
Week 7. Knowing Why
Matthew Boyle ' "Making Up Your Mind" and the Activity of Reason', Philosophers' Imprint 2011. Available here: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/making-up-your-mind-and-the-activity-of-reason.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0011.017
Michael Shermer Why People Believe Weird Things (Souvenir Press 2007), chapters 17 and 18.
Thomas Gilovich How We Know What Isn't So, part one.
Daniel Kahneman Thinking, Fast and Slow, parts 1 and 2.
Quassim Cassam 'Intellectual Character and Self-Ignorance' (draft, do not circulate without permission).
Week 8. Character and Self-Knowledge
Heather Battaly 'Virtue Epistemology', Philosophy Compass 2008 and reprinted in J. Greco & J. Turri (eds.) Virtue Epistemology.
Lee Ross & Richard Nisbett, The Person and the Situation, chapters 1 and 2.
Gilbert Harman 'Moral Philosophy Meets Social Psychology: Virtue Ethics and the Fundamental Attribution Error', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 1999.
John Doris Lack of Character (Cambridge University Press, 2002), chapters 1 and 2.
Mark Alfano 'Expanding the Situationist Challenge to Responsibilist Virtue Epistemology', Philosophical Quarterly 2012.
Quassim Cassam 'Vice Epistemology' (draft, do not circulate without permission).
Week 9. The Value of Self-Knowledge
Simon Feldman & Allan Hazlett 'Authenticity and Self-Knowledge', Dialectica 2013. Available here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1746-8361.12022/abstract
Timothy Wilson & Elizabeth Dunn, E. 'Self-Knowledge: Its Limits, Value, and Potential for Improvement', Annual Review of Psychology 2004. Available here: http://people.virginia.edu/~tdw/annual.review.final.pdf
Quassim Cassam Self-Knowledge for Humans (Oxford University Press 2014), chapter 15.
Quassim Cassam 'Self-Knowledge: What Is It Good For?', forthcoming magazine article for Conde Nast (do not circulate).
Rebecca Schlegel et al. 'Feeling Like You Know Who You Are: Perceived True Self-Knowledge and Meaning in Life', Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2011. Available here: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402753
Week 10. Love's Knowledge
Martha Nussbaum Love's Knowledge (Oxford University Press 1990), chapter 11.
Chapters from Self-Knowledge for Humans (Oxford University Press, 2014).
Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences Building, University of Warwick, Coventry,
CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
View location on campus map
Email: philosophyoffice at warwick dot ac dot uk
Page contact: Holly Ilbury
Last revised: Wed 19 Nov 2014


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Q: ERRORS while building asterisk using meta-telephony layer I am trying to build asterisk , I am using  meta-telephony layer provided from oe-layers.
I have faced few issued while building the application "asterisk" for raspberry pi 3 b.
Initially I have build core-image-minimal  for Rpi and it worked successfully.
Tried to build few applications like lighttpd, SQLite3 and they worked successfully.
Now i am trying to build an application called "asterisk" whose recipe is in meta-telephony -> recipe-asterisk-asterisk-asterisk_13.5.0.bb , but I have encountered few errors.
Need guidance for below Error i have faced
WARNING: Layer telephony should set LAYERSERIES_COMPAT_telephony in its conf/layer.conf file to list the core layer names it is compatible with.
WARNING: Layer telephony should set LAYERSERIES_COMPAT_telephony in its conf/layer.conf file to list the core layer names it is compatible with.
Loading cache: 100% |###########################################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00
Loaded 1370 entries from dependency cache.
ERROR: ParseError at /home/bhavya/dialtronics/yocto/poky-dunfell/meta-telephony/classes/waf-samba.bbclass:4: Could not inherit file classes/pythonnative.bbclass

Please kindly help me to solve the issue.
Thanks in advance
bhavya

A: As far as I see, the last commit on meta-telephony was from 2017.  This is long before the Yocto release Dunfell you would like to use.
Mixing meta-layers in different Yocto releases isn't something you do to have fun.
Or you try to find out what release they where using, and go back to these old days.  Or you pick up the work and try to maintain a more up to date meta layer.
And to start it, I thing the pythonnative.bbclass is now python3native.bbclass.  Note in Dunfell the Python2 support stopped (as in almost all distro?).
BTW: the version in the meta layer is also quite old (13.5.0).  Latest version seems to be 17.5.1.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 7;288(23):16262-73.
Signal relay by CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and formylpeptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) in the recruitment of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in allergic airway inflammation.
Chemoattractant receptors regulate leukocyte accumulation at sites of inflammation. In allergic airway inflammation, although a chemokine receptor CCR2 was implicated in mediating monocyte-derived dendritic cell (DC) recruitment into the lung, we previously also discovered reduced accumulation of DCs in the inflamed lung in mice deficient in formylpeptide receptor Fpr2 (Fpr2(-/-)). We therefore investigated the role of Fpr2 in the trafficking of monocyte-derived DCs in allergic airway inflammation in cooperation with CCR2. We report that in allergic airway inflammation, CCR2 mediated the recruitment of monocyte-derived DCs to the perivascular region, and Fpr2 was required for further migration of the cells into the bronchiolar area. We additionally found that the bronchoalveolar lavage liquid from mice with airway inflammation contained both the CCR2 ligand CCL2 and an Fpr2 agonist CRAMP. Furthermore, similar to Fpr2(-/-) mice, in the inflamed airway of CRAMP(-/-) mice, DC trafficking into the peribronchiolar areas was diminished. Our study demonstrates that the interaction of CCR2 and Fpr2 with their endogenous ligands sequentially mediates the trafficking of DCs within the inflamed lung.
Under inflammatory conditions such as allergic airway inflammation, Ly6Chigh monocytes differentiate into inflammatory antigen presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and are rapidly recruited from the circulation into the airway in a chemotactic cytokine receptor, CCR2, -dependent manner, presumably via interaction with a CCR2 ligand, CCL2, into the airway, where they mature and further traffic into draining lymph nodes to trigger T cell-mediated immune responses. However, our previous findings of a greatly reduced severity of allergic airway inflammation in Fpr2-/- mice characterized by diminished DC recruitment prompted us to investigate the relationship between CCR2 and Fpr2 in mediating inflammatory airway inflammation.
We found that the liquid collected from the airway of mice with asthmatic inflammation contained both the CCR2 ligand CCL2 and an Fpr2 agonist peptide, CRAMP. In CCR2-/- or CCL2-/- mice, very few Ly6C+ monocyte-derived inflammatory DCs are observed in the allergic inflammatory airway. In contrast, in Fpr2-/- or CRAMP-/- mice, inflammatory DCs accumulated in areas surrounding small blood vessels, but their further trafficking into the region surrounding small airways was diminished. We further found that monocyte-derived inflammatory DCs recruited into the inflamed lung via CCR2 lost functional CCR2 after encountering additional inflammatory stimulants, such as bacterial products that stimulate a group of pattern recognition receptors called Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) agonists, expressed elevated Fpr2, to complete the next step of trafficking to the inflamed small airway regions in response to the Fpr2 ligand, CRAMP. In the small airway regions, inflammatory DCs reduced their expression of Fpr2 but increased the expression of CCR7, which completes the final step of DC trafficking into the draining lymph nodes, where proper immune responses were initiated through presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes. Our study demonstrates that chemotaxis signal relay mediated by multiple cell surface receptors is essential for the trafficking of DCs during allergic airway inflammatory responses.
Acknowledgements: This project was supported in part with Federal funds from National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E and also in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NCI, NIH.


The North West Early Childhood and Primary Teacher Workforce Development Strategy offers students in the Pilbara and Kimberley the opportunity to enrol in a Western Australian University's fully accredited Bachelor of Education (Early Childhood and Primary) part time and externally – so they can continue to live and work in their communities. The Western Australian Department of Education and Training (WA DET) and the Commonwealth Government Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) have funded the project, enabling the University to provide mentoring support and provision for Recognition of Prior Learning, on a case-by-case basis, depending on their individual experience and levels of skill. On completion of the course students will be fully qualified to teach from Kindergarten to Year 7. Added to this they will be able to bring their own knowledge of their unique communities, languages and cultures to their teaching.
Price, A., & Jackson-Barrett, E. (2009). Developing an Early Childhood Teacher Workforce Development Strategy for Rural and Remote Communities. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 34(6).


Get excited about the 2019 Hyundai Sonata. This 4 door, 5 passenger sedan will allow you to take command of the road with confidence! It features a front-wheel-drive platform, an automatic transmission, and a 2.4 liter 4 cylinder engine. A wealth of standard features means that you no longer have to sacrifice. Such as remote keyless entry, an outside temperature display, fully automatic headlights, tilt and telescoping steering wheel, power windows, cruise control, an overhead console, and the power moon roof opens up the cabin to the natural environment. Audio features include an AM/FM radio, and 6 well positioned speakers. Hyundai also prioritized safety and security by including: dual front impact airbags, front side impact airbags, traction control, brake assist, a security system, an emergency communication system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. Electronic stability control ensures solid grip atop the road surface, no matter how challenging the driving conditions. Our aim is to provide our customers with the best prices and service at all times. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.


Managing Partner, Amir M. Kahana, Esq., was featured in "Tough Talk: Need to Talk to an Employee About a Sensitive Legal Issue? Here's How.", CFA Institute Magazine, April 2018, p. 8.
In the article Mr. Kahana highlights issues in managing, disciplining, or terminating employees when ethical breaches occur in the workplace.


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Leadership Lessons From Burning Man
Think the annual arts fest in the Nevada desert is nothing more than a week-long bacchanal? Think again. It's a a master class in how to create awesomeness.
By E.B. Boyd 8 minute Read
It's easy to dismiss Burning Man as nothing more than a bizarre hippie love-fest that takes place deep in the Nevada desert every year the week before Labor Day. But doing so misses the fact that it's an amazingly successful enterprise–and, as such, has a thing or two to teach about how to inspire creative people and create a great product.
Since it first began 25 years ago, Burning Man has grown larger every year (if you ignore the slight dip in recession-scarred 2009). It's grown so much that this year, for the first time ever, the organization had to cut off ticket sales early, for fear of finally hitting the 50,000-person limit authorized by its federal land-use permit. And those tickets aren't cheap either–they now cost an average of $300 a pop.
Granted, Burning Man's overall intention is not to create a "product," per se. (Not one for trite labels, it calls itself an "experiment in community.") But its growth numbers–in terms of customers and revenue–are ones any business could envy. So how does Burning Man do it?
It starts with culture
One of the first things to understand is that Burning Man isn't actually just a festival. In many ways–in keeping with its mission–it's actually more of a town. In fact, it's the 11th largest in Nevada during the one week of its existence. The horseshoe that makes up "Black Rock City" (named for Black Rock Desert) gets delineated into "blocks" and "neighborhoods" where attendees (dubbed "participants") set up their camps–often elaborate compounds complete with sitting areas and play areas in addition to tents, yurts, and RVs. The "town" even has its own post office (send a letter and it will reach its destination, complete with a "Black Rock City" cancellation mark), as well as an airport.
As a result, many of the people who choose to go to Burning Man do so not just for the revelries and the festivities but simply because it's a place they like to visit, like the Eastern seaboard, the Gulf Coast, Las Vegas, or the Poconos.
And they like to visit it because of the overall atmosphere. It's one of the friendliest towns you will ever come across. Most camps have an open-door policy. You're welcome to stop in at any abode. Most people are also inordinately helpful. Other Burners will happily help you set up your camp or install your art piece. And it's amazingly safe for a town of 50,000, many of whom are partying for seven days straight. If you're a woman, you can walk home at 3 in the morning with little fear of harassment. Brawls are basically unheard of.
So how does Burning Man produce this culture? It's a mix of top-down instruction and horizontal transmission. The organization itself produces a Survival Guide that spells out the ethos of the place and the guidelines that make it work. And the organizers, in all their communications, consistently reinforce the event's ethos. But truthfully, the most powerful part of the cultural transmission happens from person to person.
The group I joined when I first started going consisted of some guys who had belonged to one of the hardest-partying clubs in college. And yet these same guys were the ones who diligently instructed me on the importance of–and firmly held me accountable for–picking up and packing out every piece of trash larger than a sequin so that, after all Burners went home, the desert would be as pristine as it was before we all showed up.
How does this happen? Ultimately it comes down to the fact that Burning Man does a phenomenal job at communicating how the culture contributes to the overall experience. And since participants value the overall experience, they work hard to adhere to the cultural principles. And equally hard to pass those principles on to newcomers.
Add a dose of trust and positive reinforcement
The other key component of how culture gets transmitted is through positive reinforcement, which itself is often bathed in a dollop of humor. There are no forbidding or bureaucratic signs at Burning Man telling you what you can and cannot do. Instead, where needed, signs are erected to remind attendees of things they might not know or might forget–but those signs are generally friendly and playful, like this one (right) reminding people not to bring their bikes (the main form of transportation) into a communal tent.
Organizers also imbue a huge amount of trust in the community. Volunteer Burning Man Rangers do patrol the town, but they're there more to be of help than to lay down the law. Mostly, the organization communicates an attitude to the Burners that it trusts them to adhere to the communal rules and help propagate them.
All of which comes down to a fundamental principle of human nature: People want to be inspired, not lectured. They tend to respond better to humor and gentle reminders than they do to dictates or presumptions of guilt before innocence.
Motivate with autonomy
Unlike many festivals, Burning Man itself provides nothing more than the overall infrastructure—the city grid, the port-a-potties, the Rangers and other volunteers who keep the town running. But everything else is provided by the participants–the massive techno dance clubs, the yoga classes, the works of art, the merry little vehicles sailing across the desert, the makeshift restaurants, the seminars on technology and sustainability, the circuses, the chill spaces. Burning Man creates none of it. It all comes from the participants.
And the things the participants provide, which vary from year to year, are endlessly delighting and mind-blowing. A party bus outfitted to look like a giant rubber ducky. A "Mant Farm," a three-story high human version of the old ant farms. A go-kart retrofitted to look like a fighter jet. A vaudeville performance. A violin solo deep out on the Playa. A lounge-like oasis on the edge of the desert right where you'd need a break. A fire garden. A seminar on lucid dreaming. A bulletin board where people are encouraged to leave jokes (sample: "I saw a wino eating grapes. I was like, 'Dude, you have to wait a while.'"). A pirate bar where the occasional ninja shows up to wreak havoc (per the Internet meme). Even the 40-foot, eight ton rocket ship that has since taken up residence on San Francisco's Embarcadero. You can spend seven days on the Playa and still not see all the marvels and wonders participants bring to the place.
So how does Burning Man get people to create such marvels? Not by command and control. The organization simply sets a few guidelines, mainly for safety purposes, and then gives attendees permission to let their imaginations run wild.
Not everything is a hit, of course. Every year there are any number of installations, performances, and activities that just don't seem to hit the mark. But there are many more that overshoot it far more than if Burning Man had given specific instructions about what it wanted created.
This is a secret that organizations that successfully harness the imaginations of their creative people have long known: You can't order creativity. You can only create the conditions for it to blossom–mainly by setting certain prescribed boundaries and then giving your creative people a great deal of autonomy to execute as they see fit.
Reward people with appreciation, rather than money
Burning Man has a "no money" policy. Everything participants bring must be shared with other participants for free. (For an explanation of why, see "Decommodification" under the organization's Ten Principles.)
So whether you just bring a set of hula hoops for people to play with, or a massive dance club costing tens of thousands of dollars to set up and run, you have to shell out all the money (and sweat equity) yourself, with no hope of ever recouping a dime for your troubles.
Why would anyone do that, you might ask. The answer lies largely in Daniel Pink's latest book Drive, which examines the science of human motivation (and how businesses often get it wrong).
Pink explains that you can't motivate creative people with money. Certainly, you have to pay them enough to live on, he says, and pay them comparably to their peers so they feel appropriately valued. But after that, Pink explains, tossing more money at a creative person doesn't produce more creative output.
Instead, Pink says, creative people simply want the latitude discussed in the previous section (autonomy), as well as the opportunity to do something really well (mastery) and the opportunity to be part of something greater than themselves (purpose). And that's what Burning Man provides.
No matter how whacky the thing bouncing around in your head (a party bus shaped like a duck, whowouldathought?), it will find a home and appreciation at Burning Man. And, more importantly, you will feel like you are doing your part to contribute to the overall experience. In fact, it's not unusual for newcomers–even those who felt slightly trepidatious about the whole enterprise to begin with–to leave the event toying around with ideas of what they might create to bring back the following year.
Much of the above probably sounds like common sense: Trust people and they will usually live up to that trust. Give people creative freedom, and they will surprise you with what they deliver. And indeed, it is common sense. And yet many organizations nevertheless fall down on one or more of these principles–structuring rules and regulations around a presumption of guilt on the part of employees, rather than treating them as trusted members of a community, or by offering only money rather than latitude in the effort to drum up creativity.
Burning Man, however, is a living example of how, when an organization lives by that sometimes not-so-common common sense, great things ensue.
[Images: Courtesy of E.B. Boyd; front page image by Mike Q. Victor]
E.B. Boyd is FastCompany.com's Silicon Valley reporter. Twitter | Google+ | Email
E.B. Boyd (@ebboyd) has holed up in conference rooms with pioneers in Silicon Valley and hunkered down in bunkers with soldiers in Afghanistan
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Where: i Hotel in Taoyuan, Taiwan.
What: Who needs sightseeing when the perfect vacation is happening inside the hotel itself? It's the first e-sports themed hotel of its kind in Asia, where each room comes with two 32-inch screen computers and DXRacer gaming chairs. The gaming systems feature i5-7400 processors and 16GB of RAM. Even the lobby has a massive gaming area for tournaments! And is that the Imperial March of Star Wars playing in the elevator? You bet it is.
Where: A park in Adelaide, Australia.
What: Almost 600 Border Collies and their owners showed up to break the world record for most Border Collies ever gathered, in an event organised to raise money for animal charities. The World Record Attempt and Fun Day was organised by the Border Collie Owners of South Australia (BCOSA), and it looks like by charging an entrance fee of AUD 5 per dog, they were successful in raising AUD 6,000 for three charity organisations! If you're wondering, the previous record was set in 2013 when 503 Border Collies gathered.
Who: An airline company called Joon, by Air France.
What: Forget legroom, millennials need flights with power sockets (actually, we all do). Flights take off in December to select destinations; Barcelona, Berlin, Lisbon and Porto, followed by Brazil and Seychelles next May. The airline is aimed at those whose "lifestyles revolve around digital technology", and even its cabin crew will be dressed in white trainers, trousers, a polo shirt and a gilet. Wonder if they'll serve avocado on toast?
Who: Eight all the way to 18 people!
Where: Villa Kalis in Seminyak, Bali.
What: This rustic villa is where it's at, if we may say so ourselves. Just a walk away (8 minutes tops!) from restaurants at 'Eat Street' and the beach at Ku De Ta, Villa Kalis is perfect for anyone who wants to be in the heart of the action. The villa features an enormous tropical garden with a huge L-shaped swimming pool, sunbeds, a gazebo, and plenty of Balinese charm.
Feels like a good weekend for a getaway.


Thus, the question I ask in three parts.
(1) Can this even be done in contemporary English, where we have a native understanding of the language and an almost infinite source of training samples? Can writing style be measured by an algorithm that has a better than a 50/50 success rate at guessing gender, preferrably better than a 80/20 success rate? Provisionally, and with a large enough sample, I would guess that the answer is yes.
(2) Which extant authors of antiquity are known to have been, or thought to have been, female? Is there enough material in Greek or Latin to attempt to train a statistical procedure for guessing the gender of the author of an ancient text?
(3) Can this be applied to some of the texts of antiquity from Christians as a point for consideration in the discussion that arises regarding their authorship?
If you don't think this subject is important, you may say so, but don't think it doesn't matter or isn't of interest to some people. If you don't think the method could have any success or are skeptical, don't worry, you have every right to be skeptical without any kind of demonstration. If you think you might have a lead regarding any of these three specific questions, that would most definitely pique my interest.
PS – Maybe I should have just done another Google search? The terms stylometry gender pull up some existing research.
Going back to "Luke" being a woman, I have been told gLuke & Acts could have been written by a male author who would be extremely feminist, for a variety of reasons.
In case of persecution (resulting in death for some), "Luke" was concerned about hair being cut or shaved off!
Could that comment come from a man?
I do not think so: many men were bold or bolding, so loosing hair was not a big issue.
I do not think we can dream up of a procedure. But an other abundance of feminist items in one gospel, as compared with the other ones, plus the case I just explained, would close the book for me.
That webpage of mine can be consulted. It shows a large amount of data converging to the fact "Luke" was a woman (and also a Roman citizen from Philippi, a Roman colony, where a Christian church was created first among women, according to Acts). If it is not enough, what is?


CHELSEA could end up losing Eden Hazard in a similar scenario to how they lost Thibaut Courtois.
That's the fear of Jamie Carragher.
The Blues talisman provided a reminder of his world-class talents in a 30-minute cameo with a stunning solo goal to secure a 2-1 win over Liverpool at Anfield in the Carabao Cup third round.
The 27-year-old has enjoyed a strong start to the season with six goals and two assists across all competitions and assistant Chelsea boss Gianfranco Zola hailed the Belgian as "one of the best in the world" after his Man of the Match display from the bench on Merseyside.
Former Chelsea midfielder and ex-Blues academy coach Jody Morris, currently the assistant to Frank Lampard at Derby County, went one step further and called Hazard "probably the most gifted player to ever play for Chelsea".
Hazard had been linked with Real Madrid in the summer having himself hinted at the possibility of leaving Stamford Bridge after six full seasons at the World Cup, strongly suggesting that Bernabeu would be his No 1 choice of next club.
And former Liverpool defender Carragher, a regular figure on Sky Sports' football coverage, suspects the west London club may again find themselves at the mercy of player power next summer.
That's because Hazard's current contract expires in 2020, meaning he will have just 12 months remaining next summer having been locked in negotiations over a new deal for over a year.
Chelsea lost Courtois in the summer in a £35million deal with the goalkeeper having made it clear he wanted to be in Madrid with just one year left on his deal in England and Chelsea unwilling to lose Hazard's compatriot on a free.
Carragher believes Hazard could do the same, although it is thought Chelsea would want a world-record fee in excess of the £198m that Paris Saint-Germain paid to land Neymar from Barcelona.
"There's definitely going to be a question asked in January or at the end of the season when he [Hazard] will only have 12 months left [on his Chelsea contract]," Carragher said.
"Then you are into that Thibaut Courtois territory and he ended up going to Madrid.
"I'm not trying to get Hazard out of Chelsea, but when Madrid or Barcelona come for one of your players it's so difficult to keep hold of them because it's every player's dream, certainly foreign players.
"Liverpool have had that with Xabi Alonso and Luis Suarez and even Cristiano Ronaldo left Man United. I think Chelsea will have a problem in the summer."
Chelsea want to make Hazard their best-paid player by increasing his wages by £100,000-a-week to put him on at least £300,000-a-week at Stamford Bridge.
Though he has not penned fresh terms on a lucrative extension, Hazard recently told Sky Sports at FIFA's The Best awards that he is enjoying player under Maurizio Sarri.
"Of course. We try to keep the ball. When you are an offensive player you just want to keep the ball. We create a lot of passes and chances," Hazard - named in the FIFA FIFPro World XI for 2018 - said earlier this week.
"We had a bit of trouble [in the last league game against West Ham] but I think the beginning of the season was great.
Chelsea face Liverpool again this weekend in the league with Sarri's side looking to leapfrog their rivals in the table with a second win in four days against the Reds.


Shimla is one in all the foremost in style hill stations of North Republic and is frequented by guests from around India all throughout the year. There are uncountable sensible hotels in Shimla. However one has to realize an honest hotel for an unforgettable vacation. Look into the varied areas in Shimla and a few sensible Shimla hotels to contemplate for your next trip to the city with Shimla Honeymoon tour packages from Delhi.
Shimla may be a most popular hill station within the northern state of Himachal Pradesh Shimla came into limelight once Britishers discovered it in 1819 that this is often an area which supplies the simplest sweeping read of the valleys and also the lofty peaks of the mountain range on each the edges. The necessary tourist attractions this lovely hill station embrace The Mall, the governor Lodge, Sankat Mochan Temple, Tattapani, Lakkar Bazaar. Outside activities in Shimla embrace adventures like playing, skiing, fishing and sport add grace and color to the current spirited place creating you utterly indulged. Shimla is one in all the few places in Bharat that receives gentle to medium quantity of precipitation and offers athletics chance. Encircled by attractive mountains and valleys most of the Shimla hotels are settled close to the key tourist attractions within the hill station. Here are a number of the hotels in Shimla close to the Mall and close to Ghowra Chowki – another in style space in Shimla.
The Mall is that the most centrally settled space in Shimla and has ton of accommodation facilities, searching malls, little outlets and sensible restaurants recognizing the streets giving a typical scenic fantastic thing about Shimla at a look. Tourists prefer staying in and round the Mall space therefore there are lots of excellent accommodation facilities with respect to this place. Edifice dream world is another nice edifice simply higher than the ridge on the thanks to Jakhoo Temple. It's a budget edifice in Shimla with rates from Rs. 900 per night. Edifice port is found within the heart of the town in Lakkar Bazaar and placed simply five minutes from The Mall, ending tunnel, and also the Shimla terminal. This budget hotels prices Rs. 1100 per night for your keep within the most popular and visited landmark of Shimla.
Some of the opposite sensible hotels in Shimla are edifice Sun-N-Snow close to Shimla bus stand. It's a good budget edifice on the market for Rs. 650 per night. Edifice First State Park in Shimla prices around Rs. 3000 per night and is found on Ghowra chowki, simply a pair of kilometer from Shimla terminal and three kilometer from the bus stand. Edifice Bright land and edifice Sangeet are 2 alternative hotels close to the terminal. On-line booking for Shimla hotels is suggested ahead, significantly throughout peak travel seasons once all the nice hotels are engaged utterly.
Tags: Shimla Honeymoon tour packages from Delhi.
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