text:
The Mazda Wankel engines are a family of Wankel rotary combustion car engines produced by Mazda.

Wankel engines were invented in the early 1950s by Felix Wankel, a German engineer. Over the years, displacement has been increased and turbocharging has been added. Mazda rotary engines have a reputation for being relatively small and powerful at the expense of poor fuel efficiency. The engines became popular with kit car builders, hot rodders and in light aircraft because of their light weight, compact size, tuning potential and inherently high power-to-weight ratio—as is true for all Wankel-type engines. Mazda put the engine into series production with NSU (Ro80) and Citroën (GS Birotor) as part of the Comotor joint-venture between 1967 and 1977.

Since the end of production of the Mazda RX-8 in 2012, the engine was produced only for single seater racing, with the one-make Star Mazda Championship being contested with a Wankel engine until 2017; the series' transition to using a Mazda-branded piston engine in 2018 completely ended the production of the engine, although Mazda have proposed several concepts for the engine's future.

Displacement
Wankel engines can be classified by their geometric size in terms of radius (rotor center to tip distance, also the median stator radius) and depth (rotor thickness), and offset (crank throw, eccentricity, also 1/4 the difference between stator's major and minor axes). These metrics function similarly to the bore and stroke measurements of a piston engine. Displacement = (3*3^(1/2) Depth*Radius^2 (Offset/Radius))/1,000, multiplied with the number of rotors (note that this only counts a single face of each rotor as the entire rotor's displacement, because with the eccentric shaft – crankshaft – spinning at three times the rate of the rotor, only one power stroke is created per output revolution, thus only one face of the rotor is actually working per "crankshaft" revolution, roughly equivalent to a 2-stroke engine of similar displacement to ONE rotor face). Nearly all Mazda production Wankel engines share a single rotor radius, , with a  crankshaft offset. The only engine to diverge from this formula was the rare 13A, which used a  rotor radius and  crankshaft offset.

As Wankel engines became commonplace in motor sport events, the problem of correctly representing each engine's displacement for the purposes of competition arose. Rather than force the majority of participants (driving piston engine cars) to halve their quoted displacement (likely resulting in confusion), most racing organizations simply decided to double the quoted displacement of Wankel engines.

The key for comparing the displacement between the 4-cycle engine and the rotary engine is in studying the degrees of rotation for a thermodynamic cycle to occur. For a 4-cycle engine to complete every thermodynamic cycle, the engine must rotate 720° or two complete revolutions of the crankshaft. The rotary engine is different. The engine rotor rotates at 1/3 the speed of the crankshaft. On two rotor engines, front and rear rotors are 180° offset from each other. Each rotation of the engine (360°) will bring two faces through the combustion cycle (the torque input to the eccentric shaft). This said, it takes 1080° or three complete revolutions of the crankshaft to complete the entire thermodynamic cycle. Obviously, there is a disparity. How can we get a relatable number to compare to a 4-stroke engine? The best way is to study 720° of rotation of the two-rotor engine. Every 360° of rotation, two faces of the engine complete a combustion cycle. 720° will have a total of four faces completing their cycle.  per face times four faces equals . That's a well-reasoned number and now gives something that can be compared to other engines. In addition, since four faces passed by in the comparison, it's like a four-cylinder engine. The 13B therefore compares well to a 2.6L 4-cylinder 4-cycle engine.

By using the same formula, calculating actual displacement in which 1080° is the complete thermodynamic cycle of a rotary engine and a total of six faces completing their cycle,  per face times six faces equals , in reference to a Mazda 13B rotary engine. "Each face has a swept volume of  and there are a total of six faces. With this known, the engine displacement should be ."

40A
Mazda's first prototype Wankel was the 40A, a single-rotor engine very much like the NSU KKM400. Although never produced in volume, the 40A was a valuable testbed for Mazda engineers, and quickly demonstrated two serious challenges to the feasibility of the design: "chatter marks" in the housing, and heavy oil consumption. The chatter marks, nicknamed "devil's fingernails", were caused by the tip-seal vibrating at its natural frequency. The oil consumption problem was addressed with heat-resistant rubber oil seals at the sides of the rotors. This early engine had a rotor radius of , an offset of , and a depth of .

L8A
The very first Mazda Cosmo prototype used a  L8A two-rotor Wankel. The engine and car were both shown at the 1963 Tokyo Motor Show. Hollow cast iron apex seals reduced vibration by changing their resonance frequency and thus eliminated chatter marks. It used dry-sump lubrication. Rotor radius was up from the 40A to , but depth dropped to .

One-, three-, and four-rotor derivatives of the L8A were also created for experimentation.

10A
The 10A series was Mazda's first production Wankel, appearing in 1965. It was a two-rotor design, with each chamber displacing  so two chambers (one per rotor) would displace ; the series name reflects this value ("10" suggesting 1.0 litres). These engines featured the mainstream rotor dimensions with a  depth.

The rotor housing was made of sand-cast aluminium plated with chrome, while the aluminium sides were sprayed with molten carbon steel for strength. Cast iron was used for the rotors themselves, and their eccentric shafts were of expensive chrome-molybdenum steel. The addition of aluminium/carbon apex seals addressed the chatter mark problem.

0810
The first 10A engine was the 0810, used in the Series I Cosmo from May 1965 to July 1968. These cars, and their revolutionary engine, were often called L10A models. Gross output was  at 7000 rpm and  at 3500 rpm, but both numbers were probably optimistic (rpm of the crankshaft).

The 10A featured twin side intake ports per rotor, each fed by one of four carburetor barrels. Only one port per rotor was used under low loads for added fuel economy. A single peripheral exhaust port routed hot gas through the coolest parts of the housing, and engine coolant flowed axially rather than the radial flow used by NSU. A bit of oil was mixed with the intake charge for lubrication.

The 0810 was modified for the racing Cosmos used at Nürburgring. These engines had both side- and peripheral-located intake ports switched with a butterfly valve for low- and high-RPM use (respectively)

Applications:
 1965–1968 Mazda Cosmo Series I/L10A

0813
The improved 0813 engine appeared in July 1968 in the Series II/L10B Cosmo. Its construction was very similar to the 0810.

Japanese-spec gross output was  at 7000 rpm and  at 3500 rpm. The use of less-expensive components increased the mass of the engine from .

Applications:
 1968–1973 Mazda R100/Familia Rotary

0866
The final member of the 10A family was the 1971 0866. This variant featured a cast-iron thermal reactor to reduce exhaust emissions and re-tuned exhaust ports. The new approach to reducing emissions was partly a result of Japanese Government emission control legislation in 1968, with implementation starting in 1975. Mazda called their technology REAPS (Rotary Engine Anti Pollution System). The die-cast rotor housing was now coated with a new process: The new Transplant Coating Process (TCP) featured sprayed-on steel which is then coated with chrome. Gross output was  at 7000 rpm and  at 3500 rpm.

Applications:
 1972–1974 Mazda RX-3 (Japan-spec)

3A
Mazda began development on a single rotor engine displacing , and was designed for kei car use in the Mazda Chantez but was never placed into production. A prototype engine is on display at the Mazda Museum in Hiroshima, Japan.

13A
The 13A was designed especially for front-wheel drive applications. It was a two-rotor design, with each chamber displacing  so two chambers (one per rotor) would displace ; continuing earlier practice, the series name reflects this value ("13" suggesting 1.3 litres). This was the only production Mazda Wankel with different rotor dimensions: Radius was  and offset was , but depth remained the same as the 10A at . Another major difference from the previous engines was the integrated water-cooled oil cooler.

The 13A was used only in the 1969–1972 R130 Luce, where it produced  and . This was the end of the line for this engine design: the next Luce was rear-wheel drive and Mazda never again made a front-wheel drive rotary vehicle.

Applications:
 1970–1972 Mazda R130

12A
The 12A is an "elongated" version of the 10A: the rotor radius was the same, but the depth was increased by  to . It continued the two-rotor design; with the depth increase each chamber displaced  so two chambers (one per rotor) would displace ; the series name continues earlier practice and reflects this value ("12" suggesting 1.2 litres). The 12A series was produced for 15 years, from May 1970 through 1985. In 1974, a 12A became the first engine built outside of western Europe or the U.S to finish the 24 hours of Le Mans (and in 1991 Mazda won the race outright with the 4-rotor R26B engine).

In 1974, a new process was used to harden the rotor housing. The Sheet-metal Insert Process (SIP) used a sheet of steel much like a conventional piston engine cylinder liner with a chrome plated surface. The side housing coating was also changed to eliminate the troublesome sprayed metal. The new "REST" process created such a strong housing, the old carbon seals could be abandoned in favour of conventional cast iron.

Early 12A engines also feature a thermal reactor, similar to the 0866 10A, and some use an exhaust port insert to reduce exhaust noise. A lean-burn version was introduced in 1979 (in Japan) and 1980 (in America) which substituted a more-conventional catalytic converter for this "afterburner". A major modification of the 12A architecture was the 6PI which featured variable induction ports.

Applications:
 1970–1972 Mazda R100
 1970–1974 Mazda RX-2,  and
 1972–1974 Mazda RX-3 (Japan),  and
 1972–1974 Mazda RX-4
 1972–1980 Mazda Luce
 1978–1985 Mazda RX-7,
 Aero Design DG-1 racing aircraft used two Mazda RX-3 (12A) engines, each driving a propeller—one at the front, the other at the rear of the aircraft.
 Lean-burn
 1979–1985 Mazda RX-7 (Japan)
 1980–1985 Mazda RX-7 (United States)
 6PI
 1981–1985 Mazda Luce
 1981–1985 Mazda Cosmo

Turbo

The ultimate 12A engine was the electronically fuel-injected engine used in the Japan-spec HB series Cosmo, Luce, and SA series RX-7. In 1982 a 12A turbo powered Cosmo coupe was officially the fastest production car in Japan. It featured "semi-direct injection" into both rotors at once. A passive knock sensor was used to eliminate knocking, and later models featured a specially-designed smaller and lighter "Impact Turbo" which was tweaked for the unique exhaust signature of the Wankel engine for a 5-horsepower increase. The engine continued until 1989 in the HB Cosmo series but by that stage it had grown a reputation as a thirsty engine.

 Original output is  at 6,500 rpm, and  at 4,000 rpm.
 Impact Turbo output is  at 6,000 rpm, and  at 4,000 rpm.

Applications:
 1982–1989 Mazda Cosmo
 1982–1985 Mazda Luce
 1984–1985 Mazda RX-7

12B
The 12B was an improved version of the 12A and was quietly introduced for the 1974 Mazda RX-2 and RX-3. It had increased reliability from the previous series and also used a single distributor for the first time: the earlier 12A and 10A were both twin distributor engines.

Applications:
 1974–1978 Mazda RX-2
 1974–1978 Mazda RX-3,  @ 6000 RPM and  @ 4000 RPM

13B

The 13B is the most widely produced rotary engine. It was the basis for all future Mazda Wankel engines, and was produced for over 30 years. The 13B has no relation to the 13A. Instead, it is a lengthened version of the 12A, having  thick rotors. It was a two-rotor design, with each chamber displacing  so two chambers (one per rotor) would displace ; the series name reflects this value ("13" suggesting 1.3 litres), as with the 13A of the same displacement but different proportions.

In the United States, the 13B was available from 1974 to 1978 and was then retired from sedans but continued in 1984–1985 RX-7 GSL-SE. It was then used from 1985 to 1992 in the RX-7 FC, in Naturally Aspirated or Turbocharged options, then once again in the RX-7 FD in a twin turbocharged form from 1992. It disappeared from the US market again in 1995, when the last US-spec RX-7s were sold. The engine was continually used in Japan from 1972's Mazda Luce/RX-4 through 2002's RX-7.

AP
The 13B was designed with both high performance and low emissions in mind. Early vehicles using this engine used the AP name.

Applications:
 1975–1980 Mazda Cosmo AP
 1974–1977 Mazda REPU (Rotary Engine Pickup)
 1974–1977 Mazda Parkway
 1975–1977 Mazda Roadpacer
 1973–1978 Mazda RX-4
 1975–1980 Mazda RX-5

13B-RESI
A tuned intake manifold was used in a Wankel engine for the first time with the 13B-RESI. RESI = Rotary Engine Super Injection. The so-called Dynamic Effect Intake featured a two-level intake box which derived a supercharger-like effect from the Helmholtz resonance of the opening and closing intake ports. The RESI engine also featured Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection. Output was much improved at  and .

Applications:
 1984–1985 Mazda HB Luce
 1984–1985 Mazda HB Cosmo
 1984–1985 Mazda FB RX-7 GSL-SE

13B-DEI
Like the 12A-SIP, the second-generation RX-7 bowed with a variable-intake system. Dubbed DEI, the engine features both the 6PI and DEI systems, as well as four-injector electronic fuel injection. Total output is up to  at 6500 rpm and  at 3500 rpm.

The 13B-T was turbocharged in 1986. It features the newer four-injector fuel injection of the 6PI engine, but lacks that engine's eponymous variable intake system and 6PI. Mazda went back to the 4 port intake design similar to what was used in the '74–'78 13B. In '86–'88 engines the twin-scroll turbocharger is fed using a two-stage mechanically actuated valve, however, on '89–'91 engines a better turbo design was used with a divided manifold powering the twin-scroll configuration. For engines manufactured between '86-'88 output is rated at  at 6500 rpm and  at 3500 rpm.

Applications:
 1986–1988 Mazda FC3S S4 RX-7,
 1989–1991 Mazda FC3S S5 RX-7,

Applications:
 1986–1991 Mazda HC Luce Turbo-II,
 1986–1988 Mazda FC3S S4 Turbo RX-7 Turbo-II,
 1989–1991 Mazda FC3S S5 Turbo RX-7 Turbo-II,

13B-RE

The 13B-RE from the JC Cosmo series was a similar motor to the 13B-REW but had a few key differences, namely it being endowed with the largest side ports of any later model rotary engine.

Compared to the sequential turbos fitted to the 13B-REW on the FD RX-7, these sequential turbos received a large (HT-15) primary with a smaller (HT-10) secondary turbo. Injector sizes =  PRI + SEC.

Approximately 5000 13B-RE optioned JC Cosmos were sold, making this engine almost as hard to source as its rarer 20B-REW big-brother.

Applications:
 1990–1995 Eunos Cosmo,

13B-REW

A sequentially -turbocharged version of the 13B, the 13B-REW, became famous for its high output and low weight. The turbos were operated sequentially, with only the primary providing boost until 4,500 rpm, and the secondary additionally coming online afterwards. Notably, this was the world's first volume-production sequential turbocharger system. Output eventually reached, and may have exceeded, Japan's unofficial maximum of  DIN for the final revision used in the series 8 Mazda RX-7.

Applications:
 1992–1995 Mazda RX-7,
 1996–1998 Mazda RX-7,
 1999–2002 Mazda RX-7,

13G/20B

In Le Mans racing, the first three-rotor engine used in the 757 was named the 13G.

The main difference between the 13G and 20B is that the 13G uses a factory peripheral intake port (used for racing) and the 20B (production vehicle) uses side intake ports.

It was renamed 20B after Mazda's naming convention for the 767 in November 1987. As a three-rotor design, with each chamber displacing , three chambers (one per rotor) would displace , and so the new series name reflected this value ("20" suggesting 2.0 litres).

The three-rotor 20B-REW was only used in the 1990-1995 Eunos Cosmo. It was offered in both 13B-RE and 20B-REW form. It displaced  per set of three  chambers (counting only one chamber per rotor) and used  of boost pressure to produce  and .

A version of the 20B known as the "R20B RENESIS 3 Rotor Engine" was built by Racing Beat in the US for the Furai concept car which was released on 27 December 2007. The engine was tuned to run powerfully on 100% ethanol (E100) fuel, produced in partnership with BP. During a Top Gear photo shoot in 2008, a fire in the engine bay combined with a delay to inform the fire crews, the car was engulfed and the entire car destroyed. This information was withheld until made public in 2013.

13J
The first Mazda racing four-rotor engine was the 13J-M used in the 1988 and 1989 (13J-MM with two step induction pipe) 767 Le Mans Group C racers. This motor was replaced by the 26B.

R26B
The most prominent 4-rotor engine from Mazda, the 26B, was used only in various Mazda-built sports prototype cars including the 767 and 787B in replacement of the older 13J. In 1991 the 26B-powered Mazda 787B became the first Japanese car and the first car with anything other than a reciprocating piston engine to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans race outright. The 26B engine displaced  per set of four chambers (counting only one  chamber for each of the four rotors) – thus the "26" in the series name suggesting 2.6 litres – and developed  at 9000 rpm. The engine design uses peripheral intake ports, continually variable geometry intakes, and an additional (third) spark plug per rotor.

13B-MSP Renesis

The Renesis engine – also 13B-MSP (Multi-Side Port) – which first appeared in production in the 2004 model-year Mazda RX-8, is an evolution of the previous 13B. It was designed to reduce exhaust emission and improve fuel economy, which were two of the most recurrent drawbacks of Wankel rotary engines. It is naturally aspirated, unlike its most recent predecessors from the 13B range, and therefore slightly less powerful than Mazda RX-7's twin-turbocharged 13B-REW which develops .

The Renesis design features two major changes from its predecessors. First, the exhaust ports are not peripheral but are located on the side of the housing, which eliminates overlap and allows redesign of the intake port area. This produced noticeably more power thanks to an increased effective compression ratio; however, Mazda engineers discovered that when changing the exhaust port to the side housing, a buildup of carbon in the exhaust port would stop the engine from running. To remedy this, Mazda engineers added a water jacket passage into the side housing. Secondly, the rotors are sealed differently through the use of redesigned side seals, low-height apex seals and the addition of a second cut-off ring. Mazda engineers had originally used apex seals identical to the older design of seal. Mazda changed the apex seal design to reduce friction and push the new engine closer to its limits.

These and other innovative technologies allow the Renesis to achieve 49% higher output and reduced fuel consumption and emissions. Regarding hydrocarbon (HC) emission characteristics of the RENESIS, the use of the side exhaust port allowed for about 35 – 50% HC reduction compared to the 13B-REW with the peripheral exhaust port. With this reduction, the RENESIS vehicle meets USA LEV-II (LEV). The Renesis won International Engine of the Year and Best New Engine awards 2003 and also holds the "2.5 to 3 liter" (note that the engine is designated as a 1.3–litre by Mazda) size award for 2003 and 2004, where it is considered a 2.6 L engine, but only for the matter of giving awards. This is because although a 2-rotor wankel with  chambers displaces the same volume in one output shaft rotation as that of a 1.3L four-stroke piston engine, the wankel will complete 2 full combustion cycles in the same amount of time that it takes the four-stroke piston engine to complete 1 combustion cycle. Finally, it was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2004 and 2005.

The Renesis has also been adapted for a dual-fuel use, allowing it to run on petrol or hydrogen in cars like the Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid and Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE.

All the Mazda rotary engines have been praised because of their light weight. The unmodified 13B-MSP Renesis Engine has a weight of , including all standard attachments (except the airbox, alternator, starter motor, cover, etc.), but without engine fluids (such as coolant, oil, etc.), known to make .

16X

Also known as the Renesis II, made its first and only appearance in the Mazda Taiki concept car at the 2007 Tokyo Auto Show, but has not been seen since. It features up to , a lengthened stroke, reduced width rotor housing, direct injection, and aluminium side housings.

8C
The 8C engine is used as a generator for the 2023 MX-30 e-Skyactiv R-EV plug-in hybrid.

It's a single rotor with a radius of 120mm, a width of 76mm, using 2.5mm apex seals, and displacing 830cc making up to 75hp (55 kW) at 4700rpm and 116 Nm (85 lb-ft) at 4000 rpm. It has a higher compression ratio of 11.9:1 and the first instance of Gasoline direct injection in a production rotary engine, which improves fuel economy by as much as 25%.

Various other technologies have been integrated to increase the efficiency of the engine further, including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the combustion chamber temperatures and plasma spray coatings on the insides of the housings to reduce the friction on the rotor.

Changes have also been made to decrease the weight of the unit such as using aluminium side housings, which saved 15kg

Sales

Mazda was fully committed to the Wankel engine just as the energy crisis of the 1970s struck. The company had all but eliminated piston engines from its products in 1974, a decision that nearly led to the company's collapse. A switch to a three-prong approach (piston-gasoline, piston-Diesel, and Wankel) for the 1980s relegated the Wankel to sports car use (in the RX-7 and Cosmo), severely limiting production volume. But the company had continued production continually since the mid-1960s, and was the only maker of Wankel-powered cars when the RX-8 was discontinued from production in June 2012 with 2000 RX-8 Spirit R models being made for the JDM (RHD) market.

Though not reflected in the graph at right, the RX-8 was a higher-volume car than its predecessors. Sales of the RX-8 peaked in 2004 at 23,690, but continued to decline through 2011, when fewer than 1000 were produced.

On 16 November 2011, Mazda CEO Takashi Yamanouchi announced that the company is still committed to producing the rotary engine, saying, "So long as I remain involved with this company... there will be a rotary engine offering or multiple offerings in the lineup."

Currently, the engine is produced for SCCA Formula Mazda, and its professional Indy Racing League LLC dba INDYCAR sanctioned Pro Mazda Championship.

Future expectations
Mazda last built a production street car powered by a rotary engine in 2012, the RX-8, but had to abandon it largely to poor fuel efficiency and emissions. It has continued to work on the technology, however, as it is one of the company's signature features. Mazda officials have previously suggested that if they can get it to perform as well as a reciprocating engine they will bring it back, to power a conventional sports car.

On 16 November 2011, Mazda CEO Takashi Yamanouchi announced that the company is still committed to producing the rotary engine, saying, "So long as I remain involved with this company... there will be a rotary engine offering or multiple offerings in the lineup."

On 17 November 2016 Senior managing executive officer of Mazda research and development Kiyoshi Fujiwara told journalists at the Los Angeles motor show that the company is currently developing its first EV in 2019, and it's likely to incorporate a rotary engine, but that the details were still "a big secret." He did say, however, that the car is likely to use a new-generation rotary engine as a range extender, similar in concept to a BMW i3. In 2013, Mazda had displayed a Mazda2 RE prototype car, using a similar rotary range extender EV system.

On 27 October 2017 Senior managing executive officer and R&D Chief Kiyoshi Fujiwara told journalists that they were still working on a rotary engine for a sports car, that will potentially in some markets be with hybrid drivetrains, but both will have distinct powertrains from Mazda's first EV, which will be released in 2019/20. "...some cities will ban combustion, therefore we need some additional portion of electrification because the driver can't use this rotary sports car. Some of the regions we don't need this small electrification, therefore we can utilise pure rotary engines."

In 2021, Mazda announced that the upcoming plug-in hybrid variant of the MX-30 will feature a new rotary engine that acts as a range extender to recharge the batteries, but not to power the wheels.

See also
 Wankel engine
 Mazda engines
 MidWest AE series

References

External links
 Mazda rotary engine page
 Mazda Rotary Engine Specialist

Wankel
Wankel engines
World Sportscar Championship engines
Gasoline engines by model

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Have you like many other customers from Office Crate also been charged money on your credit card that you have not authorized?
Office Crate have build a business around a subscription model that automatically charges its customers from their credit card. So that leaves the question: How can you get your money back from Office Crate? Often customers find that it can be extremely difficult having their money returned to their accounts once Office Crate has taken them.
We have helped consumers get their money back from Office Crate in the past. We might have a direct contact that will help process the refund of your money. We, of course, cant work for free, we charge a fee of 5 EUR for us to process the case. However, we only charge that fee if you actually manage to get your money back!


text:
COVID-19 kills retired archbishop in the Philippines
Archbishop Oscar Cruz, 85, an outspoken advocate against illegal gambling in the country, cremated
Archbishop Oscar Cruz (C) speaks against corruption during a press conference in Manila, Philippines, 27 February 2008. (Photo by EPA/ROLEX DELA PENA/MaxPPP)
By La Croix International staff | Philippines
Retired Archbishop Oscar Cruz of Lingayen-Dagupan, an outspoken advocated against corruption who died of COVID-19 related complications was cremated and his remains laid to rest on Aug. 28 at St. John the Evangelist Cathedral in his former diocese. He was 85.
"He was a saint who rallied with us and joined us in picket lines against illegal gambling and prostitution, championing social justice and the rights of women," his successor Archbishop Socrates Villegas said at the funeral Mass.
"He was angry because he was in love," Archbishop Villegas said. "He was angry because he loved the world and the Church. He was angry at the way things were. It was not an anger that bred revenge and bloodthirst. It was an anger that was coming from a deep craving for something better for the Church, something more beautiful for society. It was an anger born from hope."
Pope Francis also extended his condolences through a letter from Vatican's secretary of state Cardinal Pietro Parolin. That letter was read during Mass.
"His holiness joins you in giving thanks to the almighty God for the late archbishop's many years of episcopal ministry and his forthright witness to the gospel and in commending his soul to the loving mercy of Christ the Good Shepherd," the letter said.
"To all who mourn his passing in the sure hope of the resurrection, the holy father cordially imparts his apostolic blessing as a pledge of consolation and strength in the Risen Lord."
Due to COVID-19 restrictions, only a few people were allowed to attend the funeral, including several bishops, priests and family of the late archbishop.
Archbishop Cruz, who was also a canon lawyer, was known for calling out sitting presidents and campaigning against gambling, especially "jueteng." He was the former head of the Nation's Crusade Against Jueteng organization.
Jueteng is a numbers game where a player picks a combination of numbers from 1 to 37 and can bet in amounts ranging from US$.01 to US$100. It involves thousands of people betting and millions of pesos each month. People in the Philippines compare jueteng and the gangs behind it to the number rackets and the Mafia in the United States.
Cruz was born in 1934 in Bataan Province, a poor area west of Manila. He was ordained in 1962 and also often spoke in favor of land reforms. However, he made getting rid of the illegal numbers game a mission in his life.
The archbishop who died at a Manila hospital August 26 served as archbishop of Lingayen-Dagupan from 1991 to 2009. Before that he was auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Manila and seen as a protégé of the late Cardinal Jaime Sin. Archbishop Cruz also served as archbishop of San Fernando.
Archbishop Cruz was a two-term former president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. He was also president of the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences.
Senator Francis Pangilinan described the archbishop as an "activist who fought against corruption and other wrongs of society, not just from the pulpit but on the streets with the people," The New York Times reported.
"Archbishop Cruz was a humble servant who lived out what he preached — justice, equality, and compassion for the needy," he added.
Caritas pledges to build a just and equitable society
Old Glory to God
Christian leaders in Nigeria criticize new anti-corruption mercantile law
600 worship places attacked in Northern Ireland in past five years
COVID-19 and ecology: From globalization to localization

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Home / Pella Latest News / New Installations!
We installed a set of ' Pella' goals on Saturday 26th January in Ardee Community School in their excellent Sports Hall and we went on to install a set of goals in St. Oliver Plunketts Gaelic Football Club in Mell. Drogheda, Co. Louth. This was our first installation in an outdoor astroturf facility and Sean Kelly, Coach Tutor with Leinster GAA went on to demonstrate the game with the Oliver Plunkett's under 16 team. The players were very pleased with the game which became competitive instantly! They were watched by Mentors and Parents and the feedback was very positive with some suggesting that it would be a great opportunity to organise inter-club tournaments among all the local club teams.


text:
Google's Self Driving Cars are Anticipated to be on Roads this Year
Shreeya Ghui Automobile Oct 4, 2017, 3:05 pm
Reports through unsigned sources have stated the possibility of Google self-driving automobile Waymo, which is to be on road soon. The details of the launch of Waymo are yet to be officially disclosed. Sources state that the launch may probably be in this autumn.
Google is very particular about their projects, and is expected to announce the details soon. Waymo has been an area of curiosity among many people. Thus, a great news for the followers is that Waymo is already running the tests in Phoenix, Arizona. These tests are being carried out with a driver behind the wheel for safety.
The Waymo will be on roads after it fulfills the rigorous tests, which include running on roads without a driver. The cars are expected to run themselves where it would contact a human operator in case of difficulties. Sources revealed that only one person will be potentially guiding many vehicles.
Eventually, we all are waiting for Waymo to be on roads soon. But one cannot ignore some points of concern. Waymo, as it seems, will contact a human operator, who will tell it what to do. Thus, the unavailability of the human operator at situations is to invite a disaster.
The company has to hire some expert personnel to overcome all technical barriers. Therefore, Wymo has to simultaneously assure people that their drive with this car will be completely hassle-free and safe. The company is still busy with testing Waymo through all spheres.
GoogleNew LaunchNewsSelf Driving
Tesla Cybertruck, Rivian R1T to be joined by Nissan Titan EV in electric pickup revolution
Huawei launches its first electric drive system called DriveONE on November 12
Virgin Hyperloop does the test travel of its high-speed technology-driven capsule train
Toyota Lexus IS has been launched in Japan in four models
Renault Samsung launches new QM6 with improved design starting at KRW 24.3 million


New Delhi: India, starting Thursday, ushers in a law banning smoking in all public places, including restaurants. In doing so, it will seek to emulate public smoking ban models introduced in New York, a majority of the European countries, including France, Italy, Sweden, Germany, and most recently, Turkey as well as the UK.
While most countries reported a small decrease in smokers and heart problems, according to media reports and surveys, they also complained of negative impact on hospitality businesses, mainly bars and restaurants.
But with India's tobacco consuming population also consisting of chewing tobacco consumers and small-town beedi (type of cheap Indian cigarette) smokers, public health experts and those opposed to the ban say the move may not be very effective.
Unlike India, in many Western countries, including France and Turkey, the ban on public smoking was phased in, first being imposed on partially open public spaces and a few months later on bars, restaurants, cafes, casinos and clubs. Turkey, for instance, imposed the smoking ban in May 2008 but bars, restaurants and cafes have been exempted till July 2009, giving them ample time to make arrangements for smoking rooms.
A case by cigarette maker ITC Ltd challenging the government's May 2008 notification, proposed under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003, was turned down by the Supreme Court on 29 September.
Still, questions are being raised on the success of this model in India, where almost 85% of tobacco consumption is in the form of khaini, ghutka (both flavoured chewing tobacco) and beedi, a large market for which thrives in rural areas and smaller towns. "All over the world, 90% of the tobacco consumed is in the form of cigarettes. So, a ban on smoking actually reduces tobacco consumption," said a tobacco industry executive, who did want his or his employer's name taken.
PTI reports that an average of 2,800 people die every day in India with tobacco-related diseases, without citing a source for this information. "Cancer of lungs, lips, tongue, oral cavity, throat and larynx, uterus and urinary bladder are some of the common tobacco-related diseases," it said, adding some 184 million people consume cigarettes, beedis and gutka every day.
Pro-smoking ban organizations are optimistic about its success.
P.C. Gupta, director, Healis Sekhsaria Institute of Public Health, said besides bringing a cleaner environment to the non-smokers, the ban will also encourage them to act as volunteers and help in the prosecution of violators. "There will certainly be a trickle-down effect and greater awareness," he said.
As per the health ministry notification, a cross-section of people — from inspectors of central excise to school and college teachers — have been authorized to impose and collect the Rs200 fine from violators. It also provides for setting up Anti-Tobacco Cells in districts across India to enforce the ban in rural areas.
Tobacco industry representatives say it is too early to predict the impact of the ban on their sales, but analysts say an effect, if any, will be short-term.
In markets such as the UK, a low, single-digit, drop in tobacco consumption was seen immediately, but that impact vanished over time, said Govindarajan Chellappa and Swapnil Nadkar of Credit Suisse Securities (India) Pvt. Ltd in a recent report.


text:
twitter @joeseifi
github @joeshub
linkedin @joeseifi
First Signs of Success
By Joe Seifi — Apr 9th, 2005 — 1 min read
I wanted to talk about one of my sisters, Fruzan. I look up to her for her hard work and dedication. For following her dreams and listening to her heart and not allowing others to pressure her. After going through a series of academic studies including biology and medicine, Fruzan finally seems to have found her passion; Acting. She moved to New York and graduated from the New School recently. Since then she has been involved with producing and starring in a series of plays in Los Angeles. She has been managing plays such as Cycling Past The Matterhorn and many other plays in the Persian community. Today I was pleasantly surprised to see her listed on IMDB, for her role in the new movie David & Layla. So this is the first sign of success and I know there is yet so much more to come with her amazing talents and desire for acting, and wish her all the best.
This website is built using React and Gatsby


Since the day HUMANFITPROJECT began, we've scouted for subject matter experts and talent from all parts of the digital world. Needless to say, it's really hard to find really great people. And we're not only speaking of being really great at what they do, we're speaking about being really great as a human being.
Will Huntington was one of those really great human beings, who also happened to be really great at what he did. Unfortunately, Will has passed on. His untimely and tragic death is not only a loss to his closest of friends and family, but a loss to all those he would have touched.
Will had been in the class of second generation contributors, and had stuck by us ever since. His knowledge of fitness and health was as world-class as it gets, as was his character and personality.
We'll miss you, Will. Rest in peace.
* The following links are some of the great contributions Will Huntington has made to fitness industry.


Is Portland a special place for you?
Come and be photographed in place that is important to you on Portland.
B-side are looking for individuals or families who have a special connection to a place on Portland – a connection, a memory, a story to tell that links them to a particular place on the island.
Acclaimed photographer, Farhad Berahman is working with b-side festival to create hand-tinted portraits of residents on the island, using an Afghan Camera Box known as a Kamra-e-faoree. The portraits will be exhibited at the b-side festival in September and will also be exhibited at Tate Modern in May as part of the Tate Exchange, 'Who Are We' project.
Participants can be long standing locals or newcomers who have arrived very recently and must be available to be photographed on either Tuesday 8th, Wednesday 9th or Thursday 10th of May.
Please email sally@b-side.org.uk with your name, age and place of interest or phone 07974 698526 for more information.
Fantastic event. I loved the tours. Crabman was AMAZING!


Can You Get Toenail Fungus from a Pedicure at a Nail Salon?
If you get your nails done in a salon, you risk contracting a viral, bacterial, or fungal toenail infection. The level of risk that you face depends on how much your chosen nail salon values sanitation.
Most salon visits do not lead to toenail infections. However, it's vital to be aware of the risks and minimize these. We'll explain how to check that your salon pedicure is clean and hygienic. We'll start off by exploring some of the medical problems that have arisen due to various failings.
1 Can Salon Pedicures Cause Toenail Infections?
1.2 Are Cheap Nail Salons to Blame for Fungal Infections?
1.3 What If My Pedicure Goes Wrong?
1.4 Is It Safe for Me to Get a Pedicure?
1.5 Will Salons Do My Nails If I Have Nail Fungus?
1.6 Are There Any Alternatives?
1.7 What About 'Cover Up' Fungal Nail Treatments?
Can Salon Pedicures Cause Toenail Infections?
In 2000, 102 customers contracted mycobacteria fortuitum from a nail salon in California. According to the CDC, some of these women developed life-changing scars on their legs and ankles.
In a separate case, Jessica Mears picked up mycobacteria fortuitum from a pedicure she received at a salon in 2004. As a result of her weakened immune system, she was unable to recover from the infection entirely and died two years later. In 2006, her mother filed a lawsuit against the salon, claiming their unsanitary practices had contributed towards her daughter's death.
In 2002, the department of dermatology at Baylor College of Medicine randomly inspected five nail salons in Texas. They detected the presence of candida (yeast) and Rhizopus arrhizus (fungi) in four out of five of the salons. Candida can lead to some pretty unpleasant foot infections, such as athlete's foot and onychomycosis (toenail fungus).
If you're someone that likes to look after your nails, this probably sounds very worrying. The good news is that these incidents have prompted many businesses to improve their standards of cleanliness. Nonetheless, the onus is still on you to choose your salon wisely.
Yeasts, molds, and bacteria proliferate in warm, damp, and communal environments. If the foot bath in your chosen salon is not decontaminated between each patron – you risk catching an infection.
Many nail salons have jacuzzi-style foot baths. As we'll explore, these foot baths are particularly tricky to keep clean. If an overgrowth of fungi does occur in the pipes or filter, the infection can spread quickly, because these systems re-circulate water continuously.
Some nail technicians lack adequate training in sanitization techniques. This issue affects some states more than others, as certain regulatory bodies are 'overstretched' when it comes to inspecting salons.
The pedicurist often pushes cuticles deep into the nail edge, to achieve a 'clean' finish. This technique increases the likelihood of fungi entering the nail bed. It could also lead to ingrown toenails and other toe injuries.
Nail lacquers and nail polish removers can be very dehydrating for the nail. Over time, this can lead to weak and brittle nails – making us more susceptible to infections.
Porous equipment (i.e., nail files and sponge toe separators) cannot be effectively sterilized. As such, these items should be single-use items only. Some salons try to re-use porous equipment on new customers – putting them at risk of contamination.
There's the issue of biofilm. Biofilm can build up in foot baths and drainage systems if salons don't perform regular deep cleans.
Biofilm is an accumulation of nails, hair, skin particles, and lotion residues. The problem is, bacteria and molds hide deep inside layers of biofilm, and multiply.
Some of these bacteria can become resistant to disinfectants. So, even if the foot basin looks 'clean' on the surface, it may be harboring a lot of harmful bacteria and fungi.
Are Cheap Nail Salons to Blame for Fungal Infections?
In 2017, U.S. residents spent 8.5 billion dollars on salon nail treatments. Salon nail treatments were traditionally reserved for the wealthiest people, but we've seen a rise in affordable "budget" nail salons in recent years.
Could this rise in cheap nail salons be to blame for the rise in customer infections? It's true that employees in budget salons are often less experienced, or lack as many formal qualifications as those working in prestigious spas.
It's also true that nail technicians in budget salons are often under pressure to get the job done quickly so that the salon can service as many clients as possible. So, is it fair to assume that we're more likely to get nail fungus from a nail treatment at a cheap salon?
Well, not necessarily. According to a study on Jama Network, both budget salons and mid-to-high range salons had traces of fungi and bacteria on their tools and foot spas.
So, when choosing a safe place to have your pedicure, there are many factors to consider besides the cost of the treatment. With that in mind, let's discuss the factors you should consider when choosing a nail salon.
Before committing to a nail salon, check whether they have been approved by your state's health department. Salons will usually display this information in clear view.
Also, check your pedicure is being performed by a certified nail technician. They study at an approved cosmetology school and complete between 500 and 1000+ hours of 'practice.' As part of their training, they'll learn how to sanitize equipment and prevent infections.
You can check if your nail technician is certified by asking to see their 'license to practice.' This certificate is issued by the board of cosmetology. Most technicians will be proud to display their certificates in clear view of customers, so ask if you can't see theirs.
In some states, technicians are required to take continuing education units (CEU's) and renew their certificates periodically (usually every two years). Check your technician's license is current, as this will ensure they have up-to-date knowledge and expertise.
If there are lots of nail staff working in the salon, and only one or two cosmetology certificates on display, this is a potential red flag. You should be sure that the person treating you is the person named on the certificate.
If your chosen salon has all of these credentials, this at least signals that they know how to care for your feet in a sanitary manner. It doesn't guarantee that they will treat you effectively every time, so it's good to do additional research if you can. For example, protect yourself by choosing a nail salon that has good online (or word-of-mouth) reviews.
About 15 years ago, fish pedicure spas started to pop up in cities across the country. These spas were incredibly popular with customers as they offered such a unique pedicure experience.
These salons fill their foot baths with Garra rufa – a small fish from the Middle East. Garra rufa fish eat away at dead skin, leaving the skin feeling incredibly smooth. They have been used to treat psoriasis and other similar skin conditions.
Although these fish offer an excellent service to the feet, they can become a health risk to patrons. The fish are expensive, so salons are unlikely to change the fish very often. This means that the same fish will come into contact with hundreds of peoples' feet. There is no way to control the spread of infection, so if you choose to have a fish pedicure, you risk contamination.
Furthermore, some unscrupulous salons have been known to use Chinchin fish, without informing patrons. These Chinese fish can puncture the skin and draw blood. This significantly increases the risk of infection.
What's more, these fish are starved so that they eat human skin more efficiently. In many people's eyes, this is a cruel practice. As of 2018, fish spas have been outlawed in 10 US states.
As we've discussed, footbaths can harbor mold, bacteria, and fungi – leaving customers at risk of infection. For this reason, it's essential to choose a salon that disinfects their footbaths between clients and deep cleans them at night.
Nail salons are required to use an EPA-registered disinfectant to clean their footbaths. This solution will be a hospital-grade disinfectant and should be labeled as such. If you see your technician cleaning the foot bath with a liquid from an unmarked bottle – this is a red flag.
Disinfectants take time to work (usually 8- 10 minutes). Between each customer, the pedicurist should be filling the foot bowl with a disinfectant solution and leaving it to stand. They should then rinse the foot bath with clean water. If you see your pedicurist wiping over the foot bath between customers, this suggests they have not disinfected it properly.
In 2000, the CDC investigated an outbreak of Mycobacterium fortuitum in salons in California. The study found that 97% of foot spas contained mycobacteria. The salons' failure to clean the foot spa filters contributed to the presence of bacteria.
Whirlpool foot spas are particularly challenging to keep clean because water is re-circulated through the pipes. Over time, biofilm can form in the pipes and the filters. Once the biofilm has formed, it can be very difficult to eradicate.
For your peace of mind, you should ask your salon if they disinfect their foot baths each night. If they have whirlpool foot spas (as opposed to foot tubs), they should be removing the filters nightly to disinfect these.
To give yourself the best level of protection, you could opt for a nail salon that uses simple foot tubs, as opposed to jet baths.
It's not just the footbaths your salon should be decontaminated, it's their tools, too. Metal tools must be sterilized between clients and porous tools that cannot be sterilized should be discarded after a single use.
According to a study by Baylor College, four out of the five salons tested had traces of candida on their nail clippers. Nail clippers come into very close contact with the hyponychium (the underside of the nail). They should never be re-used without sterilization, as fungal and bacterial spores are known to collect in the hyponychium.
Your salon should be using an EPA-approved liquid, an autoclave, or UV light system to sterilize their equipment.
If you're looking for a salon with the highest level of protection, opt for one that uses a medical-grade autoclave system. An autoclave uses very high temperature and pressure to sterilize equipment. Genuine autoclave systems can be expensive, so you're less likely to find these in budget salons.
The tools are placed in a sealed pouch and then put into the autoclave for sterilization. The color of the bag changes once sterilization has been achieved. Your nail technician should open the seal in front of you, so you can see the tools are sterile.
It is acceptable for salons to sterilize their equipment by UV light in most states – though laws are continually changing. The state of Texas had ruled (in 2006) that autoclaves would be the only acceptable method for sterilizing salon equipment. Since then, the law has been relaxed to include UV and liquid sterilization.
In any case, make sure your technician gets out a completely fresh set of tools when they treat you. These should come from a sealed bag, cassette, or be wrapped up in tissue. If you see your technician wiping over tools with a sanitizing spray between clients – this is a big no-no.
Before committing to your appointment, try to see how the nail technicians deal with the 'changeover' period between clients. As we've discussed, the technician should be decontaminating surfaces, to prevent the spread of infection.
The nail technician reuses nail files, sponge toe separators, pumice stones, orange sticks or any other tools made of porous material.
Metal tools (nail clippers, nippers, cuticle sticks) are reused without sterilization, or the nail technician wipes over them quickly. These should be placed in a container, away from the service area, to be sterilized at the end of the day.
The nail technician rushes onto the next client without sanitizing their workstation or washing their hands.
The technician tries to attend to more than one client at a time.
The staff member fails to disinfect the foot bath or wipes over it with a cloth.
Dirt and debris are allowed to collect on the floor, and no one is taking care of water spills.
The nail technician 'double dips' their hands in lotions, creams, or scrubs. Instead, they should use products with a pump applicator, or spoon out some product into a sterile container.
If you notice any of the above, it's time to make a quick exit!
If the nail technician is too rough, they'll damage your cuticles, nails, and skin, leaving you a prime target for infection.
To make the nails look smooth and healthy, pedicurists sometime adopt invasive methods. The problem is, these can damage the integrity of the nail. According to a review on NCBI, nail 'drills' should be avoided at all costs because these can thin the nail, causing it to become brittle.
Also, you should ask your pedicurist not to trim or push down the cuticles of your toenails. This procedure encourages dirt and bacteria to get lodged in the sides of your nails (periungual tissue). This could lead to a fungal toenail infection or an ingrown toenail.
Also, you should not allow your pedicurist to cut the dry skin away from the sides of your nails. Dry, flaking skin is treated more effectively by soaking the feet and buffing them with a single-use pumice stone.
Finally, if you are susceptible to weak or brittle nails, try to opt for a salon that uses very gentle or natural products. Harsh nail polish removers and nail primers can significantly dehydrate nails, leaving some people open to infections.
When you're ready to sit down for your pedicure, you need to be sure to check your technicians' hands and arms. If there are any wounds, sores, or scabs, you should not let them treat you.
Make sure your technician washes their hands before, and after, touching your feet. Often, pedicurists will wear gloves when performing treatment. This suggests their sanitization standards are high. Nonetheless, it's acceptable for nail technicians to use their bare hands (some nail technicians feel it is more sanitary) as long as they are practicing good hygiene standards overall.
What If My Pedicure Goes Wrong?
Taking the time to find a professional and sanitary nail salon should help prevent infection. However, when you use communal facilities, there will always be a risk of infection. If your feet hurt after a pedicure, this is a sure sign something has gone wrong.
A cut or graze to the foot – Due to the invasive nature of pedicures, this can occasionally happen. If it happened during your pedicure, the nail technician should have stopped the service immediately, as your risk of infection increases rapidly when you have an open wound. The best thing to do is clean the wound with a saline solution, pat the area dry, and apply a sterile bandage.
Sore, tender or itchy soles –This is an early sign of athlete's foot. If you develop it, you should treat your athlete's foot it as soon as possible to prevent it from spreading to the nails. A very deep itch could also signal the arrival of a verruca. It would take a couple of months for a verruca to appear after catching the initial infection.
Pain in the big toe – This could signal a fungal toenail infection or an ingrown toenail. An ingrown toenail could be caused by pushing the cuticles too far back during a pedicure.
Ridges on the toenails – This is an early sign that a fungal toenail infection is developing, particularly if the nail starts to feel brittle.
Boils on the feet and ankles – this is a sign of a bacterial infection, and you should visit your doctor immediately. Antibiotics may be required to treat this condition.
If you were to pick up an infection from a nail salon, it could be weeks or months before your symptoms develop. For this reason, many people do not connect the two things together, so their salon is not alerted to the problem.
Is It Safe for Me to Get a Pedicure?
Because of the risks associated with getting a pedicure, they are not necessarily suitable for everyone. Some groups of the population should take extra precautions when going to a nail salon, and some may need to avoid this procedure altogether. If you fall into one of the following categories, you may need to think twice before getting your salon pedicure.
You have shaved in the last 24 hours – Official guidance from the CDC states that patrons should not shave before a pedicure as this can cause small scratches in the skin.
You have cuts, wounds, scabs – Similarly, if you have open wounds on your feet, ankles or legs, steer clear of the salon until you've completely healed.
A weakened immune system – People with a weakened immune system are generally advised against getting salon treatments because their body will find it very hard to fight an infection.
Diabetics – Diabetics should take extra care if going for a pedicure, particularly if they have diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, if a diabetic person was to contract an infection, it may be difficult for them to fight it off. If you are diabetic, it would be better to go to a podiatrist to have your nails cleaned and trimmed.
Take extra care during pregnancy – It's widely believed that getting a pedicure in the late stages of pregnancy can bring on labor because manipulating certain nerves in the feet could encourage the uterus to begin contracting. There is very little evidence to support this claim beyond the anecdotal. Nevertheless, if you want to get a pedicure in pregnancy, you should be extra vigilant when choosing your salon, so you don't put yourself at risk of infection.
Athlete's foot and toenail fungus – As we've explored, salons are ripe breeding grounds for fungal and bacterial infections, so its best not to add to the problem if you've already got one of these conditions. Having said that, you don't need to 'give up' on your nails when you've got one of these infections. Let's turn to this issue in a bit more detail.
Will Salons Do My Nails If I Have Nail Fungus?
Firstly, it's important to be sure that you do have toenail fungus. Some people who regularly paint their nails develop weak and yellow toenails. This happens because the strong chemicals in the nail polish dehydrate and discolor the nail.
If this is the case, you shouldn't be too embarrassed to get a pedicure. Most nail salons would not refuse to work with you and would even give you advice on how to prevent discoloration in the future.
If your yellow toenails have a strong smell, are crumbling and brittle, or you have sore toes – this is a sign you do have nail fungus. If you're not sure whether you have fungus or not, it's best to seek advice from a podiatrist who can diagnose onychomycosis.
If you do have a fungal toenail infection, it's best to avoid standard nail salons until your infection has cleared up. As we've discussed, it would be hard for the salon to protect the health of other customers. Not only that, standard salon treatments can worsen a fungal nail infection– causing it to spread to other nails.
If your nail technician suspects a fungal nail infection, they will usually suggest terminating the treatment and will refer you to a doctor.
Not all polishes were created the same. There are specialist antifungal polishes available, such as Dr.'s Remedy Enriched Nail Polish. They're not an alternative to a treatment, but they can help to kill fungus that gets on your nails.
Toenail infections can cause problems for self-esteem because sufferers feel as if they must hide their feet at all times. Studies have shown that people who take the time to indulge in foot treatments are less likely to be bothered by their fungal nail infection.
As we know, toenail fungus can take a while to heal, so it makes sense to continue with your beauty regime while you're waiting for your toes to get better. So, if typical nail salons are out of bounds, are there any other alternatives?
Carrying out a simple pedicure at home is a safe and affordable way to treat your feet. The good thing about doing a self-pedicure is that you can control how much pressure you put on your nails. A pedicure at home (in the right way) could speed up your recovery.
Start your pedicure with a warm foot soak. Try adding a few drops of an anti-fungal essential oil such as tea tree oil or lemon oil. This will also help fight foot odor.
Pat the feet dry after soaking and never let them stay wet longer than necessary as this could cause a fungal infection to spread.
Trim toenails short so they look neat but try not to cause any damage to the nail bed.
Use a nail file to file away brittle parts of the toenails.
If you have toenail fungus (or you are worried about poor hygiene in conventional nail salons), you could consider trying a Medi-Pedi salon. These salons offer medical-grade pedicures to patrons; they combine spa-treatments with podiatry.
Treatments at Medi-Pedi's can be expensive. However, because they are focused on treating the nail fungus, they are a good long-term investment.
Medi-Pedi's are generally less busy than nail salons so that they can keep a close eye on their hygiene standards. What's more, they often use specialized creams, lotions, and lacquers that you wouldn't find in a cosmetic nail salon.
What About 'Cover Up' Fungal Nail Treatments?
Some cosmetic nail salons offer 'cover up' nail fungal treatments. The nail technician will apply an acrylic nail over the infected toenail to make it look healthy.
Although these treatments will improve the appearance of your nail, they're likely to prolong healing time. According to some studies, bacterial and fungal infections are more likely to develop in acrylic rather than 'native' nails. This may be because it is harder to wash acrylic nails thoroughly.
In recent years, there have also been some high-profile cases of infections caused by acrylic manicures.
'Cover-up' toenail treatments should be avoided where possible as these are not 'treatments' in the true sense of the word. Instead, opt to see a podiatrist, or visit a Medi-Pedi salon for a long-term treatment that will help.
Although pedicures have their risks, they can be a great treat for many people. Not only do they help you relax, but they can also help improve circulation in the feet and help keep the skin exfoliated.
Check your suitability – use the information in this article to check you are a suitable candidate.
Search for a nail salon that displays their state license (and check it is in date).
Check your pedicurist is professionally trained. If it is not already on display, ask to see their certificate (issued by the board of cosmetology).
Ask your nail technician how things are cleaned in the salon. If they can't answer you straight away – this is a red flag!
See for yourself – make sure the salon is disposing of single-use items, and disinfecting footbaths between patrons.
Don't let your nail technician use any invasive methods and ask them not to cut the cuticles.
If your skin becomes broken during the pedicure, terminate the treatment and make sure the wound is cleaned.
Finally, if there are any signs of dirt in the salon – leave! It's better not to risk your health for the sake of a pedicure.


Polyester umbrella with automatic opening, reflective hem and plastic handle, 8 panels. This is a promotional product.
Polyester umbrella with automatic opening and handle made of leather imitation, 8 panels.
Polyester umbrella with double cover, automatic opening and foam handle, 8 panels.


text:
A year of reading the world
196 countries, countless stories…
Postcards from my bookshelf
World bookshopper
Tag Archives: Korea
Korean discoveries
January 28, 2017 By Ann Morgan in Asia, Post-world Tags: books, culture, Kim Yujeong, Korea, reading, short stories, students, translation	6 Comments
Kim Yujeong
Some of the highlights of my Year of Reading the World were the unpublished translations of literature from countries with few or no books commercially available in English that people around the planet sent me. These included my Turkmen and Panamanian reads (both of which, I'm pleased to report, have since made it into commercially available English versions, although the Panamanian book is not currently on sale) and a collection of short stories by the Santomean writer Olinda Beja, which was translated especially for me by a team of volunteers.
Reading these works was an enormous privilege. It introduced me to some great writers whose works were off-limits to English speakers and gave me a taste of some of the many wonders that exist outside the anglophone literary sphere. It also filled me with gratitude to the many people who had prepared these manuscripts in their own time purely to share stories that they loved.
So last year when I got a message from Juwon Lee, the vice president of T.I. Time translation club at Gimhae Foreign Language High School (GIMFL) in Jangyu, South Korea, offering to prepare another translation for me, I was intrigued. The students were keen to introduce me to two Korean writers they admired, Kim Yujeong and Hyun Jin-geon. If they translated three short stories, would I be prepared to give them a read?
Of course, I said yes. Duly, towards the end of last year, the manuscripts arrived. And last weekend, I finally sat down with them.
I can certainly see why the GIMFL students are fans of Kim, an early-20th-century Korean writer, who made a lasting impression in his short 29 years of life. Bold and audacious, the writing in the stories feels very fresh and direct.
Both of his works deal with power and powerlessness. In 'Camellia Flowers', a 17-year-old faces a dilemma when the daughter of the land manager who oversees his family's farm persists in making his rooster fight her stronger bird. Meanwhile, in 'Bombom', the protagonist grows increasingly resentful of the servitude he has been lured into by a man who has promised him he can marry his daughter when she is grown up (needless to say, every time the prospective son-in-law brings up the possibility of setting a date for the ceremony, her father claims she is not yet tall enough).
My favourite of the three pieces, however, was Hyun's sardonically titled 'A Lucky Day', follows rickshaw man Kim Cheomji as he secures some handsome fares after a spell of getting little work. Yet, as his elation grows at the money he is earning, we learn gradually that his wife is seriously ill. In a very subtle and finely balanced piece of writing, the author shows us how denial and hope conspire within the old man to make him postpone returning home until it is tragically too late.
A passion for exposing injustice and hypocrisy runs through both authors' writing, making the stories urgent and compelling. These are by no means po-faced rants against the system, however. There is humour and playfulness too. The characters are a vibrant and idiosyncratic bunch, not afraid to express their opinions in language that is often direct, earthy and packed with colloquialisms.
Here, I have to congratulate the T.I Time club members. It is no mean feat to translate into a language that is not your mother tongue. Indeed, most professional translators only work into their first language because of the difficulty of catching nuance precisely in a language that you have not grown up with, no matter how fluent you may be in it.
As such, it is impressive that the students have managed to achieve such consistency of tone and ingenious language use in their renderings of Kim and Hyun's work. They have certainly achieved their objective of introducing me to his writing and showing me why they like it.
And the good news is that, although the stories by Kim that they prepared for me are not available in English, some of the writer's other works do seem to have been translated (at least according to Wikipedia). Meanwhile, the online encyclopedia also suggests that some of Hyun's work has been translated, including a version of 'A Lucky Day'. So, if you're interested to sample their work too, you can.*
Thanks very much to all the members of T.I. Time at GIMFL. I wish you great success in everything you go on to do.
* UPDATE: T.I. Time has made its translations available online, free for anyone to view. Thanks again to the students.
Amended on 31/01/2017 to reflect the fact that 'A Lucky Day' is by Hyun Jin-geon and not Kim Yujeong.
Recognised by Wordpress
I'm Ann Morgan, a UK-based author, TED speaker, Royal Literary Fund fellow and editor. My first book, 'Reading the World' or 'The World Between Two Covers', as it's known in the US, was inspired by my year-long journey through a book from every country in the world, which I recorded on this blog. I'm also the author of two novels: 'Beside Myself' and 'Crossing Over'.
Argentina: the big fight
Maldives: free books
Book of the month: Robert Seethaler
Azerbaijan: in search of identity
Mexico: food for thought
Categories Select Category Africa Asia Australasia Blogcast Book of the month Caribbean Central America Europe Events Middle East North America Oceania Post-world Postcards from my bookshelf Project preparation Reading the World (book) South America The stories The World Between Two Covers (book) World bookshopper
Follow A Year of Reading the World
AYORTW on Facebook
Updates on the go
AYORTW on Instagram
Here in the East End of #Folkestone, the DFL effect is biting. Here's a sign that's just gone up in my local chippy - a real classic, old-school fryer's-never-off kind of place. Watch out Hoxton, we're coming for you...
I'm a freelance writer and editor from London. My first book, 'Reading the World' or 'The World Between Two Covers', as it is known in the US, was published in 2015. It was inspired by my year-long journey through a book from every country in the world, which I recorded on this blog. My next book, a novel called 'Beside Myself', will be published worldwide in English by Bloomsbury in 2016. When I'm not reading, writing, blogging or hanging around online, I can often be found singing in professional choirs.


Restored lock pair – MALLORY AND WHEELER Co. Pocket door locks from the 1800′s – 1900′s. Self aligning face plates with a unique brass finish. KEY included, Polished brass face pieces (I used BRASSO) with some nicks. 6 5/8″ x 1 1/8″ face plate x 1/8 approx. A few dings on the lock faceplate – see pix. Depth (face of lock to back of lock) is approx. Case sizes are 3″ x 4 3/4″. The item "Pair M. W. Pocket Sliding Door Mortise Lock Self Align Brass Face with KEY" is in sale since Tuesday, November 27, 2018. This item is in the category "Antiques\Architectural & Garden\Hardware\Locks, Latches & Keys". The seller is "terryfoushee" and is located in Saint Louis, Missouri. This item can be shipped to United States.
R1000AL Revolving Door & Sliding Door Drop Bolt Lock by Progressive Hardware Satin Aluminum Finish. The Progressive Hardware R1000 Revolving Door Drop Bolt Lock is Originally designed for revolving doors, but suitable for many other applications. Turn key 90 degrees and stainless steel bolt drops by gravity, extends 1-9/16. Case is machined from a solid ingot of aluminum. Furnished with cylinder and two keys (Yale 1 KW). Will expect standard mortise cylinder. Available finishes are Duronodic and Satin Aluminum. R1000AL – Satin Alum. R1000 Revolving Door Drop Bolt Lock Dimension. The item "R1000AL Revolving Door & Sliding Door Drop Bolt Lock by Progressive Hardware" is in sale since Friday, May 27, 2016. This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Home Improvement\Building & Hardware\Doors & Door Hardware\Other Door Hardware". The seller is "e.d.locks" and is located in New York, New York. This item can be shipped to United States.
Antique French slide bolt latch 17-18th Century. The item "17 Large Antique French slide bolt latch, Lock, door, furniture, 17-18th forged" is in sale since Monday, May 21, 2018. This item is in the category "Antiques\Architectural & Garden\Hardware\Locks, Latches & Keys". The seller is "123artantique" and is located in Bouvesse Quirieu. This item can be shipped worldwide.


text:
Q: How do I apply a presentation style in OpenOffice impress? I'm working from a template someone else provided for me.  In the "Styles and Formatting" window are a number of useful styles such as "Outline 1", "Outline 2", etc.
If I click in a piece of text in a slide, the corresponding item in the "Styles and Formatting" window is highlit, as I would expect.
How do I select one of these styles and apply it to the text I'm editing?  I thought double-clicking on a style name would work as it does for OpenOffice Writer, but nothing happens.
What am I missing?

A: The styles concept in Impress is different from that implemented in Writer. There are presentation styles applying to "structural elements" of your presentation on the one hand and graphics styles applying to graphics objects on the other.
Which presentation style is applied depends on the type of the object. For example, the "outline" styles are applied to the different outline entries, and the applied style depends on the level of each single outline entry. So, to "apply" another presentation style you will have to modify the outline level, e.g. by simply increasing the level using TAB.
The same is true for the "Notes" presentation style: It will be applied automatically if you add notes using the "Notes" page of your Impress presentation.
This means: you can't simply select one of the presentation styles to modify the layout of the content. Instead, you could insert and use drawing objects using the Drawing Toolbar. For example, if you want to insert some code samples on different styles with consistent layout, you could insert text boxes using the drawing toolbar and define a Graphics Style, selecting a monospaced font and some nice background/border. That graphics style can be applied manually to different drawing objects as usual.
Of course, you can modify the presentation styles to change the style of every "outline 3" entry, for example.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


BNP Paribas is one of the euro zone's leading banks, strongly positioned in its two core businesses - Retail Banking, Corporate & Institutional Banking - and present worldwide with nearly 192.500 employees in 73 countries. BNP Paribas has completed 32 years of presence in Portugal, has today more than 4000 employees in Portugal, and is one of the largest foreign institutions in the country.
Recently BNP Paribas established a European finance operations center in Lisbon, with 235 positions, and part of the Group Finance function. Group Finance Services ("GFS") is responsible for compiling and processing accounting and financial information in order to ensure the publication of financial information and to provide Executive Management with the necessary information for the entire Group's financial management. It is also responsible for the design, deployment and evolution of financial information systems.
• To maintain a high level of accounting data quality.
GFS is hiring a person to be in charge of the accounting control (second level) for certain countries of BNPP Leasing Solutions scope.
• prepare notes and synthesis documents and deliver comprehensive and synthetic reports.
• Perform inter-closing works, to contribute to post closing queries from the Financial Management.
Controls and reports are performed according to a daily, monthly and quarterly frequency as defined in the procedure. For the quarterly process, results of the controls will contribute to the certificate exercise.
• Professional experience: at least 2 years of experience in external or internal audit or control department.
• Basic skills in French would be a plus.


Linda Harris attended college at the University of California, Riverside as a math major before transferring to go to a private business college to learn to be a computer programmer. It was 1967, and computer programming was in its infancy. Upon graduation Linda went to work at a local bank and stayed in the banking industry for 15 years.
Linda first became securities licensed in 1984 while working for a sponsor of oil income limited partnerships. In 1986, she started her own financial consulting practice, Independent Financial Planning Inc., working out of my first office in Huntington Beach. Linda holds 5 securities licenses, as well as insurance, real estate, and tax licenses. Linda became a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) in 1988.
I'm married to Tom, a wonderful man. My girls are grown and have blessed me with 4 grandchildren. They all live within a two hour drive of my home. I live in La Quinta, which is about 25 miles east of Palm Springs. My husband and I are RVers. We love to travel in the motorhome, and plan to do a lot of it in the future.
I am so happy to be part of Dan Cairo's organization, and look forward to meeting the rest of his representatives.
Independent Financial Planning Group, Inc.


text:
Pleiades, Planets, And Hot Plasma
Credit: SOHO - LASCO Consortium, ESA, NASA
Explanation: Bright stars of the Pleiades, four planets, and erupting solar plasma are all captured in this spectacular image from the space-based SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). In the foreground of the 15 degree wide field of view, a bubble of hot plasma, called a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME), is blasting away from the active Sun whose position and relative size is indicated by the central white circle. Beyond appear four of the five naked-eye planets -- courtesy of the planetary alignment which did not destroy the world! In the background are distant stars and the famous Pleiades star cluster, also easily visible to the unaided eye when it shines in the night sky. Distances for these familiar celestial objects are; the Sun, 150 million kilometers away; Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn, about 58, 110, 780, and 1,400 million kilometers beyond the Sun respectively; and the Pleiades star cluster at a mere 3,800 trillion kilometers (400 light-years). SOHO itself orbits 1.5 million kilometers sunward of planet Earth. The image was recorded by the Large Angle and Spectrometric COronagraph (LASCO) instrument on board SOHO on Monday, May 15 at 10:42 UT.
Tomorrow's picture: NEAR Horizon


Hey, can you believe it's been a year since I launched this podcast? Pfft. I can't. Someone pinch me, please. Because it's way past midnight and I'm falling asleep at my desk.
Here we are, a year later, with a brand new episode featuring the talented comedian and writer Rosie Wilby. Plus a quick look back at the first ever episode and how that actually changed a teeny part of two people's lives.
And yes, I did just high five myself.
Loads of exciting things are happening with Rejected this year, and believe me, it hurts to not tell you guys about them. I can, however, tell you about the Rejected Hotline, which is probably the only number you can call that hasn't had enough of your stories of rejection. And it comes with a pretty cool identity too. As for the other exciting announcements, I guess you'll have to listen to the show.
Haven't listened to the first episode yet? Here it is.
Here's the song from Crazy Ex-Girlfriend that I referenced. Also, if you're not familiar with this show already, stop everything you're doing and go binge it now. I mean it.
If you'd like a copy of her book, check out the giveaway I talk about at the end.


text:
THE CAMBODIA EDUCATION FUND
Vanessa Weber
She visited Siem Reap in 2008 and met Tammy, founder of ABCs and Rice. After two trips to volunteer at the school, she was in awe by what a big difference only one person could make. She began raising money for Cambodia, and developed the basis of The CEF through small fundraisers. Now, as an international teacher Vanessa continues to dedicate her time to teaching others about the needs for education in developing countries while fundraising abroad.
Nicholas Sprague
Nick first traveled to Cambodia in 2009 after teaching for a year in South Korea. He was taken aback by the people in this wonderful country and vowed to give back. Since 2009, he has been raising awareness and giving back to the people of Cambodia by participating in various fundraisers all over the world. He now works as an international teacher.
Tom has a long history of volunteering that dates back to middle school. It wasn't until a trip to Southeast Asia that Tom would find his true passion in life, helping to bring education to the children of Cambodia. As a founding member of CEF, Tom has been back to Cambodia many times and continues their mission to provide scholarships for children seeking education in a land where the cost of going to school is not possible for most.
After Daniel graduated from Wisconsin-Milwaukee in 2010 he promptly followed his traveling passion and moved to South Korea to teach English. He has made two trips to Cambodia and volunteered at ABC's and Rice. Daniel currently has recently completed a Secondary Education Certification and M.A. in Curriculum and Instruction at Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He now teaches history Lucaya International School in the Bahamas.
Born in the rural province of Prey Veng, Cambodia, Nary grew up in a small farming community. By age 20, she set out for the capital to find a job to support her siblings educational pursuits. She has worked in the service industry and child care. She recently immigrated to the U.S. where she has joined CEF and volunteers her time as our interrupter and translator. She is most passionate about helping others and is hoping to pursue a nursing degree now that she is in the U.S.
Thomas Shively
Daniel Shileny
Nary Siev
cambodiaeducationfund@gmail.com
by The Cambodia Education Fund


Vertical Centrifuge is very important machine for any oil or gas drillers. It enables them to perform drilling activities in a certain site. So, the operation and maintenance of a decanter centrifuge is a major issue for any drilling companies. In order to get the most of the benefit from a decanter centrifuge , it should be maintained and operated well. Here is a brief discussion about how decanter centrifuges should be operated and maintained.
The operating and maintaining process of a decanter centrifuge: The first thing that should be done to maintain a decanter centrifuge is to replace any hydraulic suction filter and replace hydraulic returns filter. It is a very important step for the oil and gas drillers.
As when the oil or gas drilling goes on both the hydraulic suction filter and the hydraulic returns filter undergo an extensive pressure. So, there is a huge possibility of both of them to be worn out. So in that sense, both of the filters must be checked regularly and be replaced when it is necessary. Another important thing that is required to do in order to maintain a decanter centrifuge is greasing the machine.
It is very important. As decanter centrifuge is basically used in a heavy working areas, the machine can easily be stuck or jammed off. In order to avoid that, greasing is very important. Oil lubricated gear box greasing and recirculating oil greasing are two very effective methods for greasing.
A very significant task for managing decanter centrifuges are adjusting speed sensor to it. It is very important just because adjusting a speed sensor enables drillers to control the differential speed. Beside these above mentioned activities replacing hydraulic motor sensor, bowl belt replacement, scroll belt replacement and regulating the weir plate are some of the steps that should be taken to maintain a decanter centrifuge.


So the big day finally arrived. One of much sadness but also excitement at a new start. We have left so that we can be much closer to our family and our young grandson Henry.
A typical wet Dartmoor day.
I have been fortunate to live in Devon twice, once during the 1980's when I was a member of the Dartmoor Rescue Group and again within Dartmoor National Park from 2009 to 2018. I have been all over Dartmoor in different weather conditions and different seasons.
My thanks to those of you who have followed this blog and my journey. At the time of writing this on 31st March 2018 there have been 118,761 views - I never expected that when I started!
Always good to start from the pub.
A coffee break by the large gulley. This is actually next to the road.
Up to the Birsworthy Plantation where the military were again having another exercise.
Then over Ringmoor Down and on towards Sheepstor with unusual lighting giving a fine iconic view of Dartmoor.
Back to the Royal Oak. A special birthday for Ann and some sadness for me. This was the end of my last walk on Dartmoor for a while.
Starting out from the car par below Gutter Tor. Half a mile a way the military were on exercise and we could clearly hear the commands being bellowed out!
...then south toward Brisworthy to stop at the large stone circle for the coffee break.
Over Eastern Tor and back to the cars where the military were now resting.
A very wet start for the first walk of the new year. We set out from Peat Cot with the rain coming in sideways from a strong cooling breeze.
Out along the track and past Nun's Cross with the farm just visible in the photo.
....to Eylesbarrow. Then down to the remains of the old tin mine for the coffee stop.
A very slight diversion to the inscribed cross lower down the hill.
Then across the leat, through the ford and back around Nun's Cross Farm.
A circular walk from Whitchurch which took us over Shorts Down, Plaster Down and Whitchurch Down. We started from the church but there was nowhere to park because the local primary school was having its annual carol service.
A frosty morning with the frost still visible in the shade on the other side of the valley.
Shorts Down where we passed the local walk and talk group.
The winter flowering of the gorse is starting.
An evening wander around the woods at Morewellham. Along the railway line to New Quay then up to the canal and back down again. All followed by sausage rolls, mince pies and drinks. Thank you Stella and Mike. Also with John, Jill, Pete, Jon and Anne.
All photographs are copyright of the owner and may not be reproduced without permission. Simple theme. Powered by Blogger.


text:
Albertine in Five Times
In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play)
❤ SUPPORT US
Anti-Racism Statement
Safe & Respectful
PREVIOUS SEASONS >
2020/21 Season >
New Ideas Festival >
New Ideas Festival 2021 WEEK 1
FireWorks Festival >
Belle Darling Klondike Queen
Grief Circus
The Trip to Bountiful
New Ideas Festival 2020
The Importance of Being Earnest
Fireworks Festival 2018 >
The Pigeon
New Ideas Festival 2019 >
News - 100 Year Open House 2018
100th Anniversary 2017/18 Season >
Thirteen Hands
This Will Be Our Last Transmission
Surrender, Dorothy
GASH
2018 Reading Series
Queen Marie
Inked Heart
The Gut Girls
The Clean House >
The Creases In My Sari
Divine Wrecks
Cottage Radio
Playwright Intensive 2015
Escape From Happiness
Burying Toni
You Have To Earn It
I am Marguerite
Theatre Auditions Toronto | Casting Calls | Actor Training
Actors | Discover Auditions for Acting & Casting Calls at Alumnae Theatre, Toronto
View acting auditions & casting calls for plays and festivals. Explore actor training opportunities.
Theatre Auditions Toronto
Open Casting Call
by Kate Jaimet
Directed by Heather Keith
Performance Dates: January 26 to February 6, 2022
Alumnae Theatre reopens for live performance on January 26 with a brand new FireWorks production to blow away the Covid blues. It's all about the leaky roof, a down-at-heels tennis club facing ruin, and a mixed doubles tournament that turns into a contest of gender-bending disguises. Does anyone play by the rules in this madcap 21st century farce?
ROLES AVAILABLE:
Grit: The manager of a rundown community tennis club. In her 50s. Tough, independent, no nonsense. Old school feminist who burned her bra in the 60s and marched for women's lib in the 70s. Grit also takes on a disguise as the charming and cultured gentleman Georges based on the French playwright Georges Feydeau.
Barb: The club's top-ranked female player. In her 50s-60s. A woman who has always played second fiddle to her husband. Cultured but with no outlet for her creativity and intellect. Once beautiful, she feels she is past her prime and is mad as hell at her husband and his roving eye.
Barry: Barb's husband. A lawyer and the club's top-ranked male player. In his 50s-60s. Arrogant, pompous, full of himself. Not mean but completely oblivious to his own sense of entitlement.
Chandra/Isabella Andreini: Unpaid intern and volunteer head of the fundraising committee. In her early 20s. Young, smart, hardworking (but exploited). Trying to figure out how to get things done and keep up with demands, all while keeping her sense of humour. She is the person who sets all the deceptions in motion and keeps them going. Also plays Isabelle Andreini, a celebrated 16th century commedia dell'arte actor and writer who is charming, self-assured and mischievous. Chandra also disguises herself as Georges, a cultured and charming gentleman based on the French playwright Georges Feydeau.
Vin: Chandra's boyfriend, very good-looking. Works part-time as a bartender at the club. Early 20s. Popular, easygoing, confident, yet also somewhat naïve. A guy without a care in the world until he takes on the persona of Skye and realizes girls haven't got it so easy.
Mo: Vin's friend and the club bartender. Early 20s. Super sweet and modest guy, somewhat shy, looking for a girl.
Pat: The building inspector. A conscientious bureaucrat on a bit of a power trip. In her 40s or 50s. Blue collar, down to earth.
Aristophanes: An ancient Greek playwright. Clever and confident. Aristophanes also disguises himself as a conscientious building inspector
Auditions: November 3 - 5, 2021, BY ZOOM
Callbacks: November 6 & 7, 2021, IN PERSON
Rehearsals: November 17, 2021
Playing Dates: January 26 - February 6, 2022
To request an audition, please submit your headshot and resume to: fireworks@alumnaetheatre.com
Subject Line: Auditions. Please indicate, in the subject line, the character(s) you'd like to audition for.
We encourage and welcome submissions from artists of all genders, ethnicities, and abilities.
Applicants who are selected for an audition will be contacted.
COVID PROTOCOLS AND VACCINATION REQUIREMENTS:
All government-mandated COVID protocols will be observed at Alumnae Theatre. These protocols include use of masks and limit unneeded direct physical contact.
Masks must be worn inside the theatre except when auditioning/rehearsing.
All performers and production personnel are required to be fully vaccinated and to show proof of vaccination and valid ID to participate.
This is a non-union, non-paying production. For over a century, Alumnae Theatre Company's outstanding casts, crew & management have been volunteers who love theatre.
Alumnae's Audition Timelines
Toronto's Alumnae Theatre Company puts out open calls for acting Auditions.
Keep checking back here for Alumnae's Toronto Auditions - Audition times vary each year.
The following is a general range of Alumnae's Audition Dates / Timelines:
Mainstage Show (Sept.) - Auditions held between June and July.
FireWorks Festival (Nov.) - Auditions held between August and September.
Mainstage Show (Jan.) - Auditions held between September and October.
New Ideas Festival (Mar.) - Auditions held in early January.
Mainstage Show (Apr.) - Auditions held between January and February.
Alumnae Theatre Members get advance notice and preference where possible.
Toronto Theater Auditions
Helpful Audition Resources for Actors
Websites that post Acting auditions:
1. TAPA
https://tapa.ca/listing-category/audition/
2. TORONTO PUBLIC LIBRARY
https://torontopubliclibrary.typepad.com/audition-listings/
3. ACT-CO
https://actco.ca/
4. ALUMNAE THEATRE COMPANY
https://www.alumnaetheatre.com/auditions.html
5. MANDY.com
https://www.mandy.com/ca/jobs/actors
6. EBOSSCANADA.com
https://ebosscanada.com/job-casting-notices/castingcalls
Facebook Groups that post Acting Auditions:
1. COMMUNITY THEATRE GTA
https://www.facebook.com/groups/12536409863/
2. ACTORS HELPING ACTORS (Toronto)
https://www.facebook.com/groups/4825216871/
3. TORONTO THEATRE ZONE
4. CANADA THEATRE CHAT
https://www.facebook.com/groups/CanadaTheatreChat/⁷
Past Auditions
Auditions - In the Next Room (or The Vibrator Play)
by Sarah Ruhl
Directed by: Victoria Shepherd
Performance dates: April 17 – May 2, 2020
In late 19th century America, an enterprising young physician takes advantage of the dawn of electricity to employ a new mechanism to ease female "hysteria". Meanwhile, his devoted but desperately unhappy wife takes charge of her own fulfillment and awakening. This daring play explores the subjugated world of an upper middle class wife and mother with humour, compassion and enlightenment.
Auditions are on January 25, 27 & 28, 2020
Callbacks are January 30, 2020
The play runs April 17 – May 2, 2020 on the Mainstage at Alumnae
The Roles
Alumnae Theatre Company is committed to non-traditional casting and to including talented actors of all races, backgrounds, and ages in our productions.
Catherine Givings
Wife of Dr. Givings and mother to Letitia, a woman late 20's/early 30's and full of life, but sexually frustrated with her marriage.
Dr. Givings
Catherine's husband, a man in his forties and a specialist in gynecological and hysterical disorders.
Sabrina Daldry
Dr. Givings' patient, a pianist in her early thirties struggling with hysteria and infertility.
Leo Irving
Another patient of Dr. Givings', an English artist in his twenties or thirties.
Dr. Givings' midwife assistant, a woman in her late thirties.
A housekeeper, and later wet nurse, a Black woman in her early thirties.
Dick Daldry
Sabrina Daldry's husband, a man in his forties or fifties.
Please note that this play deals with sexuality and actors must be comfortable with depicting intimacy (with the support of an intimacy director). Alumnae Theatre members are given preference of casting.
Audition Dates, Times & Location
Alumnae Theatre, 70 Berkeley Street, Toronto, ON (SW corner of Berkeley and Adelaide Street East) Entry by Stage Door on n Adelaide.
Callbacks: Thursday, January 30, 2020 6-9 pm
Audition Preparation:
Please prepare a short (2-3 min.) contemporary monologue.
It is highly recommended that you are familiar with the play and the characters.
Auditions - New Ideas Festival 2020 - Alumnae Theatre
Alumnae Theatre Company's New Ideas Festival (NIF) is an annual, 3-week festival of new plays.
Auditions are called for the evenings of January 6 - 9, 2020 (6pm - 9pm)
Callbacks are January 11 - 18, 2020
The Festival runs March 11 - 29, 2020 in the Studio Theatre at Alumnae
Actors must be available for rehearsals throughout February 2020 and for 1 week of performances in March, 2020.
Please prepare a 2-minute monologue for your audition, and be prepared for possible redirection.
Auditions will be grouped according to age and gender, so actors should keep all the audition dates free until they receive an audition time.
POSTPONED:
Voice Intensive for Actors
with Denise Norman
April 1, 15, 21 , 28, 2020
An Exciting Opportunity for Actors!
Denise Norman, an expert in vocal training for the theatre, will be leading a series of extraordinary workshops at Alumnae Theatre.
Denise's workshops are based on vocal & physical techniques that guide the actor to greater awareness of expression while encouraging freedom to prompt bolder choices in rehearsal exploration.
There are four 2-hour sessions focusing on vocal and physical approaches to acting.
The sessions will take place from 7-9 pm at the Alumnae Theatre (70 Berkeley Street) on the following dates:
Wed. April 1, 2020
Wed. April 15, 2020
Tues. April 21, 2020
Course Registration:
Alumnae Member registration begins:
Registration Link >
Non-Member & 'Supporting' Alumnae Members registration begins:
'Active' Alumnae Members:
and is non-refundable.
Non-Members or 'Supporting' Alumnae Members:
$200.00
Denise Norman
Denise Norman is a Toronto Actor/Singer, and a member of CAEA and ACTRA, who performs in a wide array of theatre including Shakespeare, Musical, and Clown.
An MFA and MA graduate of York University, she has taught Acting and Voice and Text for 30 years. Denise specializes in Voice and Text for Acting, also Monologue and scene study, introduction to acting, and audition coaching. She regularly teaches College/University Acting students at Sheridan College Music Theatre; the Toronto Film School; George Brown College and The Randolph Academy.
Course Description:
Voice Intensive for Actors with Denise Norman
Participants are asked to arrive with 1 modern or contemporary monologue memorized that they wish to explore, and are asked to wear comfortable movement-appropriate clothing (e.g. sweatpants or yoga pants).
Wed April 01, 2020
Explore alignment and approaches to breath awareness for the actor's focus and freedom.
Begin applying techniques to the chosen text - ways to explore and avoid getting into ruts with yourself and others.
Individual suggestions will be offered to develop the monologue regarding Voice, Body and/or Breath.
Prepare to rehearse through Breath and Body.
Work with strong objectives, and explore the effect of the Direct and the Indirect on vocal and physical expression.
Tues April 21, 2020
Focus on warm-up techniques for rehearsal and performance.
Work expansion of personal energy (private, public, universal) considering high stakes in the text.
Explore play as warm-up, and as synthesis of vocal and physical technique.
Find variety and relationship through text. Utilize Image work to enrich nuance.
Actors' Intensive with R.H. Thomson
Teasing the Story from our Bodies
Saying words with purpose and intention is only part of the acting game. Television and film have reduced actor's physical ambitions. The body must speak.
This intensive is a short jaunt for actors through the physical imagination of elbows. Every bone breathes and every muscle moves. We will work through words but the bodies may do much of the speaking.
Saturday, February 8th, 2020
9am-12 noon
Saturday, February 22nd, 2020
All sessions will be held in the Alumnae Studio, 70 Berkeley Street, Toronto.
Active Alumnae Members: $100
Supporting and Non-Members: $200
Please Note: Enrolment/Registration is now closed.
RH Thomson
RH Thomson is one of the Canada's most accomplished film, television and stage actors. He has played lead roles in most of the country's major venues, and has directed in quite a few. He wrote and performed his own play "The Lost Boys" to critical acclaim. In television and film, he has portrayed dozens of major characters over his bountiful career. He is a member of the Order of Canada and recipient of a Governor General's Performing Arts Award.
Book your tickets now.
Alumnae Theatre Company
70 Berkeley Street
Toronto, Ontario
SUBSCRIBE · Adventurous theatre, Special offers and Opportunities! Get updates delivered to your inbox.
©2018 Alumnae Theatre Company